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Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this a including the mailing list, should be sent to: } CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 January 26, 1973 =" Numbers 1-4 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions Losses duc to TOBACCO HORNWORM and TOMATO HORNWORM on flue cured tobacco in North Carolina lower in 1972 than in 1971. (p. 3). CALIFORNIA FIVESPINED IPS and MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE damaged pines mm Calarornia. (p. 4). Detection & An APHID reported for first time in the United States. (p. 8). A HARD TICK reported for first time from New Hampshire. (p. 95). For new county and parish records see page 8. Special Reports The 1973 outlook for GRASSHOPPERS based on the 1972 adult survey. See centerfold map. @ Insect Detection in the United States. Eleven new United States records reported. (pp. 9-15). State Survey Coordinators. (pp. 16-19). Cooperative Survey Entomologists. (pp. 20-22). Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States. Stone Fruit Weevil (Furcipus rectirostris (L.)). (pp. 23-24). NOTE: An Annotated Host Catalog of the Fruit Flies of America North of Mexico (Diptera: Tephritidae) by M.S. Wasbauer is available upon request without charge from Laboratory Services/Entomology, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California 95814. Ask for Occasional Papers IN@e5 - eye Reports in this issue are for weeks ending December PHS) MOG through January 19, 1973, unless otherwise indicated. CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance...............+.- OC Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....3 Ornamentals..... sisters tol omeemene 4 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...3 Forest and Shade Trees..... 4 Forage LegumeS.........-.-cce- 3 Man sand) Anaimavilis cx ier 0 emetic okelte i) MOSEUC COS S GanooooHooH OU od Peele Households and Structures..5 (COKE (CHECINSNG 65 ooo GeO GOOdO OG 4 Sitored) Products i222 < -csemere 58) (Gr AUIS ES 0100.00 bo o/b oud o.Oo sisi et Benewtaleaial SUMS Ci Sisccare:cncvenensisueroue tent cites excreniecajcpene etenenellokensnene mer Monk On ReRCnonem 6 Federal and State Plant Protection PROGLAMS|. 2 o10\6: oc siteneuensreneiiCucnneie 6 HawadanolnsSe cil (Rep Obras we ere cialis overs e sic «cine! erencile aie. oueiee emer susp eine mene eene Of DES Gi qOn eye iere ie Sisk luce eure tetlel olla’ oie tob-odehecie de tee: ieiteh en ells aeicohieuonenen emenemene Wemeire spanouetoNe 8 COFFEE THOM Se ee eo ieie one Bie) bie a te bose) elie! | siieiel ie) eked, peed AGRee RC RRM Mn 8 The 1973 outlook for GRASSHOPPERS based on the 1972 adult survey. See centerfold map. Insect Detection in the United States - 1972........... Ja cono0s 9 Sitatemsurviey *Coordamaitors sy ss taccrs sale eo isis cue) « ovehececcneuchC nek neenen sisitlonohone 16 Cooperative: Survey sHotomologusisS: ke ..0 cere Ma uci: ene ene ores el orevemeeneiene 20 Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States. Stone’ Fruit: Weevil (Furcipus rectirostris (1. ) )i-eceierstees cer 23 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-JANUARY TO MID-FEBRUARY 1973 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-January to mid-February is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals: in the Pacific Northwest and over the northern half of the Nation east of the Divide except for near normal in the middle and north Atlantic Coast States. Below normal temperatures are expected across the South and also in the Great Basin. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the gulf and south Atlantic coast regions as well as the north Pacific coast. Subnormal totals are indicated for the northern Plains and the Midwest. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. a es SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE REENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Populations on wheat below economic levels in Panhandle, Rolling Plains, and north- entral areas week ending January 12. Very cold weather esponsible for inactivity. (Green). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per jnear foot in wheat checked in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ANSAS - Averaged 0.4 per drill row foot in early pianted wheat (5-inch) field near Sedan, Chautauqua County. (eisipr CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - WISCONSIN - Soil samples eollected in September 1972 indicated State average of 1.45 eggs per pint of soil. Average counts per pint of soil by district: est-central 2.7, southwest 1.7, south-central 1.5, southeast 1.8, and east-central, central, north-central, and northwest Zero. Counts of 0-5 eggs per pint noneconomic; 6-15 eggs per pint moderate; 16+ eggs per pint heavy or potentially damaging. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ANGE CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations in foothill areas of Tulare County heavy; treatment being applied ‘to cattle ranges. Several thousand acres of rangeland severely damaged in 1972. Current infestation extends into Fresno County. (Cals Coop. Rpt.). FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Reported from Brazos and Leon Counties week ending January 12. Heavy infestations seen in pastureland near Jewett, Leon County. (Green, Cole). AN ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis saccharicaulis) - FLORIDA - Taken on pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) at Fort Drum, Okeechobee County, November 21, 1972, by W.E. Wynn and H.L. Gillis. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Activity much reduced in Brazos and Burleson Counties during week ending January 19. Eggs averaged 100 per square foot, adults 1 per square foot. First larvae noted. (Latham). OKLAHOMA - Egg counts in Payne County increased to 25 per square foot in samples collected January ARE (Okla. Coop jSUL =). i ‘THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 55 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Maricopa County. Decrease expected due to unfavorable weather latter part of jperiod. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO -HORNWORMS (Manduca spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Losses due to M. sexta and M. quinquemaculata on flue cured tobacco about 57 percent less ie 1972 than in 1971. Some 340,000 acres of flue cured tobacco ‘grown in 1972. (Robertson). | | o COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - This species and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) required controls in lettuce fields at Yuma, Yuma County, despite cool weather. Wind and rain caused difficulty in scheduling treatments. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Taken on Hamlin orange (Citrus Sinensis) at Okeechobee, Okeechobee County, November 20, 1972, by W.E. Wynn and H.L. Gillis. This is a new county record: (Fila. Coop. Sur:). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Averaged 10 scales per stem on grapefruit trees at Bonita, San Diego County. (Ca Coop: Rpts). ORNAMENTALS TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - All stages occurring on several hundred plants examined in Lee County during the week ending January 12. This scale continues to be the most important insect affecting camellia throughout State. (McQueen). a —_ mechan anew AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia paeoniae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light on azaleas at residence in Newberry County. Determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new county record. (McCaskill). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Specimens taken from euonymus in Williamsburg County November 29, 1972, by L.B. Harrington. Determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new county record. (McCaskill). FOREST AND SHADE TREES CALIFORNIA FIVESPINED IPS (Ips confusus) - CALIFORNIA - Hundreds of ornamental Monterey pine trees killed around bay area and into Santa Clara County. Some very large, old trees are dead or dying. (Gals Coop. RDG.) MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - CALIFORNIA - Epidemic infestations killed hundreds of lodgepole pines on south end of Lake Tahoe. About 150 acres of private land involved. CGail Coop. *Rp tie) NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA —- One to 4 pupae per tip on 15-50 percent of all 6 to 8-foot pine trees along highway planting in Macon County. (McQueen). FOREST AND SHADE TREES WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - TEXAS - Taken October 27, 1972, at Lufkin, Angelina County. Collected and determined by D. Kucera. This is a new county record. (Pierce). A GALL MIDGE (Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa) - INDIANA - Galls of this species found under bald cypress trees (Taxodium distichum) in Warrick, Spencer, and Perry Counties December 7, 1972, by B. Cummings and V. Knapp. These are new county records. (Cummings, Knapp). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 128 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period December 17 to \January 13. Three of these were in Arizona, the rest in Texas. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 376,751,600 all in Texas. There were 788 confirmed cases and a total of 409,652,500 sterile flies released in Mexico this period. (Anim. Health). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-20 sper head on 5 young cows in Wagoner County. Counts averaged 9 per mature cow in Oklahoma County stockyard. Averaged 17 (maximum 42) per head on mature cows in Noble County. Heavy in Pawnee County, light in Payne and Johnston Counties. (Okla. Coop. ‘HORN FLY (Haema tobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaged about 200 \SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - iVery heavy on one herd of cattle in Major County. Heavy jpopulations building up in Pawnee County. Reported moderate in Johnston, McCurtain, and Lincoln Counties. Light on dairy and |stocker cattle in Payne, Noble, and Pottawatomie Counties. fOlcta. Coop. Sur. ). A HARD TICK (Amblyomma dissimile) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Nymph taken from snake, Constrictor constrictor, in laboratory at Durham, Strafford County, November 29, 1972, by J.S. Trumbull. Determined by J.E. Keirans. This is a new State record. This species common on reptiles and amphibians in South and Central America and has been taken on snakes in Florida. (Blickle). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES A POWDERPOST BEETLE (Lyctus brunneus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults found heavy and damaging window trim of home at Orange Beach, Baldwin County, October 10, 1972. Building material was impor ted banak (Virola sp.) wood. (McQueen). See CEIR 22(49-52): ‘781 for additional report of L. brunneus in State. (PP). STORED PRODUCTS ‘NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged almond nuts in many locations. An estimated 10-percent ‘loss of 1972 crop occurred in commercial almonds. (Cal. Coop. ‘Rpt.). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - NEW MEXICO - Total of 233 pounds of weevil-infested pecans condemned at retail outlets in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Heninger). BENEFICIAL INSECTS ICHNEUMON WASPS - MISSOURI - Bathyplectis curculionis,a parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), taken from alfalfa litter samples in Cass and Cedar Counties December 28 and 29, 1972; Barton County January 4, Cooper and Moniteau Counties January 16, and in Cole and Miller Counties January 18, 1973, by J.L. Huggans. These are new county records. (Munson). VIRGINIA - Diplazon laetatorius emerged from syrphid pupa on alfalfa September 26, 1972, in Botetourt County. Collected by W.A. Allen. Determined by R.W. Carlson. This is a new county record. (Allen). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (Solenopsis spp.) - ALABAMA - Mound building b established broods of 8S. richteri very active throughout State. Many mounds in pastures, woods, fields, and along roadsides now 10-18 inches high. (McQueen). FLORIDA - §S. invicta taken from roadside of U.S. Highway 27 in Lafayette County February 22, 1972, by Wilson and Gilliard. GEORGIA - S. invicta taken from roadside of Highway 78 at Tallapoosa, Haralson County, by W.C. Stewart January 29, 1972. Also collected from road shoulder of Old River Road in Jenkins County by H.L. Quattlebaum April 20, 1972. TEXAS - 8. invicta collected from city of East Mountain, Upshur County, November 9, 1972; also taken in Marion County March 27, 1972. Both collections by B.J. Tapscott. Determined by D.R. Smith. These are all new county records. (PP). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Taken from green cotton bollis November 1, 1972, in Archer County; from lint cleaner in Baylor and Knox Counties November 9 and 10, 1972, respectively; also taken from lint cleaner in Childress County December 7, 1972, and in Hall County December 8, 1972. Collections made by F. Presston. Determined by D.M. Weisman. These are new county records. (PP). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - LOUISIANA - G. pereginus light on po-joe and crabgrass at Fort Polk Army Base in Vernon Parish July 21, 1972. G. leucoloma fecundus taken from goldenrod in Winn Parish August 8, 1972. G. peregrinus light on po-joe in Red River Parish August 29, 1972. G. peregrinus collected from roadside in Natchitoches Parish November 7, 1972. All collections by L. Sandov. TEXAS - G. peregrinus taken from po-joe weed along railroad tracks in Hardin County August 29, 1972, by B.D. Green. GEORGIA - Graphognathus sp. observed on goldenrod in Pierce County July 27, 1972. Collected by M.T. Wetherington. KENTUCKY - G. leucoloma striatus collected by R.B. Owens from weed field in McCracken County July 13, 1972. SOUTH CAROLINA - G. leuccloma striatus taken from aster in parking area | at Barnwell, BarnwelI County, August 3, 1972. Collected by P.W. } Langford. All determined by R.E. Warner. These are new parish and county records. (PP). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - State Personnel treated 815 trees on 8 infested properties in new infestation at Fallbrook, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Sur.). eVGus HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) in sweet corn on Oahu, trace in 3 acres at Pupukea week ending December 29, 1972, (Kawamura) , and heavy in 0.5 acre at Waimanalo week ending January 1G), I7s, (Otsuka). General Vegetables - Oviposition scars of MELON FLY (Dacus Cucurbitae) on about 100 percent of fruits in one acre Of cucumber and young fruits in adjacent 0.5 acre of sweet pepper at Pupukea, week ending December 29, 1972. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) very heavy in 0.6 acre of bitter melon and adjacent 0.2 acre of See-qua at Pupukea during same period. Adults trace in 0.3 acre of bitter melon at Haleiwa. (Kawamura). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) and LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light to moderate in 0.75 acre of ready-to-harvest green onions at Waianae, Oahu. S. exigua larvae light, damage moderate, in 5,000 square feet of horenso (Spinacia oleracea) at Waimanalo; 30 percent of leaves damaged. CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) moderate to heavy in snap beans at Waianae. All during week ending January 5. (Ikehara, Kawamura). These pests light in 0.5 acre of same host at Pearl City week ending January 12, with about 15 percent of leaves affected. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) spotty, ‘colonies moderate mostly on older leaves of 20 percent of plants ‘in small banana planting at Pearl City, Oahu, week ending January 12. Nymphs and adults of Telsimia nitida and Lindorus lophanthae |\(lady beetles) moderate on scale infested leaves. (Kawamura). Forest and Shade Trees - An ADELGID (Pineus pini) moderate on 12 of 40 Pinus sp. saplings at Ulupalakula, Maui, week ending January 12. This is new area of infestation. Eradication efforts continue at all infested areas on island. (Miyahira). During same period, larvae of CERAMBICID BEETLES (Plagithymus perrottetiae and P. diana) severely damaged and killed native forest plants, olomea “ (Perrottetia sandwicensis) and alani (Pelea sp.), along Kaluapuki and Pihea Trails on Kauai. (Davis). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus cervinus) adults trace on terminals of 50+ Acacia confusa trees at Pupukea, Oahu, week ending January 19. Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) light on monkeypod and kiawe trees throughout Oahu same period. Light trap catches indicate adults at moderate levels past 3 months. (Kumashiro, Kahale). ‘Man and Animals - Total of 306 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 2,792 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus collected in 58 light traps operated ‘on Oahu during December 1972. (Mosquito Control-Branch, Hawaii Dept. Health). ‘Beneficial Insects - PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus lypriformis) larvae heavy on roadside Tribulus terrestris at _Puunene, Maui, week ending December 29, 1972. (Miyahira). Nymphs and adults of a TINGID BUG (Leptobyrsa decora) moderate in 30 ‘square yards of roadside lantana at Kokee, Kauai, same period. _(Sugawa). Field examination of Melastoma malubathricum at Hilo, ‘Hawaii, during week ending January 12 showed 38 and 22 percent ‘infestations of fruits and terminals, respectively, by larvae of an ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella). Percent infestation on Kauai, 54 larval stages of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) taken from daikon planting at Monoa week ending January 12, 57 percent parasitized by an ICHNEUMON WASP (Diadegma A aiSieULareseS) - (Otsuka). at Hanahanapuni and 18 at Knudsen Gap. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). Various Miscellaneous Pests - During December 1972, 548 GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) specimens found dead or dying at Poipu, Kauai; none found at Wahiawa. On Hawaii, 188 specimens of a CARNIVORUS SNAIL (Gonaxis quadrilateris) released along perimeter of A. fulica infestation of Kahaluu. (Sugawa, Yoshioka). | DETECTION New United States Record - AN APHID (Muscaphis musci) UTAH - Taken from moss (placed in Berlese funnel) collected by G.F. Knowlton in Logan Canyon, Cache County, on October 8, 1971. Determined by C.S. Wood-Baker. (Knowlton). New State Record - A HARD TICK (Amblyomma dissimile) NEW HAMPSHIRE - Strafford County. (p. ee ee Se New County and Parish Records - ARMORED SCALES - Pseudaonidia paeoniae — SOUTH CAROLINA - Newberry (p. 4). Odonaspis saccharicaulis — FLORIDA - Okeechobee (p. 3). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) SOUTH CAROLINA - Williamsburg (p. 4). A GALL MIDGE jes on cupressiananassa) INDIANA - Warrick, Spencer, Perry (p. 4). ICHNEUMON WASPS - Bathyplectis curculionis - MISSOURI - Cass, Cedar, Barton, Cooper, Moniteau, Cole, Miller. Diplazon laetatorius - VIRGINIA - Botetourt (p. 6). IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (Solenopsis spp.) FLORIDA - Lafayette. GEORGIA - Haralson, Jenkins. TEXAS - Upshur, Marion (p. 6). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) TEXAS - Archer, Baylor, Knox, Childress, Hall (p. 6). PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) FLORIDA - Okeechobee (p. 4). WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) TEXAS - Angelina (p. 4). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) LOUISIANA - Vernon, Winn, Red River, Natchitoches. TEXAS - _ Hardin. GEORGIA - Pierce. KENTUCKY - McCracken. SOUTH CAROLINA - Barnwell (p. 6). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(49-52):783 - Turf and Pastures - Line 7: "..., Meteorus laphygma ...,'' should read "..., Meteorus laphygmae ...," CEIR 22(49-52):784 - Beneficial Insects - Line 12:. "BEETLE (Octotoma scaloripennis) ..." should read "BEETLE (Octotoma scabripennis) ..." CEIR 22(49-52):787 - In A Method of determining the relative importance of ecciuomically important insects - Under Japanese beetle the 2 lines of figures should be for apples and peaches. No figures were given for ornamentals and turf. Footnote symbol for Turf should read "f," CEIR 22(46-48):761 and 22(49-52):777 - Small Grains - "APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) ...'" should read "AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi)..." (Bell). ae euvoIeSNS uo SnoTzesS OUTA TTAS98M OUvDIVSNS eq prnog9 LeP —91n10und Bueued apeqd ept tol SNUTIeYOORS SNIZUSOTN sndouve,youw ewe T no souedry wory dsem uownsuyot ue TeVerloryoueg LEE JO S9BAICT poonposjzuy udsT T1eg ueSTUOTH snyzaino sn3seydouey Terortyoued ies TTA9I0M © eq prTnog SIP eTISTUL ado ang u01 SUTYUSSM pueT Aten /T eeutT reo SnutTsey puerts] _9}TW oT} eUST}SOSOWU ze uMouyuy OLS S21 BY pueTsuyq TT VMeH TT eMey /@ ehsrootptu stdseodsy seore puers] Ge 3nq prwo1ezued we oTWOUODy ESE Apoom etsy nyvo TT eMeH /Z StTeVI}USA STIOOIBSAA sdeity eIsy pueTSsI 35 3nq pItAnper ze umouyUy L9G VUSTT 1Sse98y Nog nyeo TT eMey /@ SNTN{INSTQ STIOIOWOZOY ‘dds is pryde ue uMOUyU TEZ wnyoraszzATOd edoing I91 189 eossouusy /T Stayz,ouATOOD uoydtsoiseq odTWOUOD.eUOU YIeq 8o17 pueTSsI Pe eT}998q prsz9zyeTS ue AT qeqoidg Prg eMeTY JOpuN etsy nuevo TT eMey /@ SNzYeVTOYS SnsoydotpszeD eouer110du[T o38ed uo uUTST IO Ayuno9 2281S sotoedg oTWOUNDY Ylao P28199T TOD eaTqeqodd SGuOOUU SHLVLS GHALINN MAN *pe,ysodex etem So7z¥1g peyTUN eYyy UT puNOoF ApeoIte si1sod JO SpsOOAeT UOTINGTAISTp 321¥19 MoU ZYBTO-A}LXTS *SEezeIG peTUN Te}JUSUT}ZUOD 98Yy} UT ANDDO OF UMOUF ST auou ‘TTeVMeY WOT, pezyTodeaxz setoeds anoz ey} FO *SessouueL pue ‘ puslATeN ‘eprrioTA ‘etuscOJTT VD) UT yore eauo — JUSUTIUOD UvoTAOWY YLION 394} UO OWT YSATF OY} TOF pozZsOder Satoeds ANOJZ epnypouT eseuyL * 1e0h ey} Sutanp }az0dey .OeSUT OTWOUODG eAT eIedoOoOD 9Y} UT pezZIOdeT SpsOdeT S271¥Yg pezTUN MEU TT 2tIOM BTOUL eZ6L - SALVLS GHLINN AHL NI NOILOALAC LOXSNI SnI7—T9 uo Snotaz9as eq pInoD = ¢eF umouyun E61 Lertoryoueq eq p[Inog g s0ue . LOdWUT 98eq ~oTwOUOOy YIAO soo7y LOqueptnbriy edeasveg ALILOYO sopeq reg WOLF paresy uo pe1I2eT 09 *s~T Areueg IO utedg Ttzerg 10 OOTY O719ng vot Jouy yynog UTSTIO eTqUeqodud *ZUSUTZUOD UVOTAOWY YLION WOTF poYTOdseT owt. 4YSATy solTosuy SOT epeq apeq Ayunog) °S°N [¥e}ZUSeUTZUOCD UT IND00 07 UMOUY ON /Z VTULOFTT BO eprsocla eprszoTy 9781S i sdtay1 e /T Stwareut sdt1zyz01ATtOg 81TW pTTesoz.Ayd we SOTSYOOXOT SNntTasootTy es asptu prtTAwOptoed. v /L @XOATPTIN090 SNIDOOTSSTO setoedg Species Agromyza frontella alfalfa leaf blotch- miner \Anthrenus coloratus a dermestid beetle ‘Aphycus fumipennis an encyrtid wasp jApion longirostre jhollyhock weevil \Asteromyia modesta ja cecidomyiid midge |Bathyplectes anura jan ichneumon wasp Bathyplectes stenostigma jan ichneumon wasp Berytinus minor a stilt bug )Caliroa lineata F sawfly Carneocephala Wesacittiftera fa cicadellid ‘Caulocampus acericaulis maple petiole borer Chortinaspis subchortina an armored scale NEW STATE RECORDS - 1972 State Maine New Hampshire Vermont New York North Carolina Ohio Arizona Oklahoma Florida Ohio Ohio Pennsylvania West Virginia Hawaii Alabama Florida County York Rockingham Windsor Herkimer Wake Hamilton Yavapai Mayes Dade Warren, Wayne Wayne Dauphin Fayette Hawaii Island Limestone Escambia Collected on Alfalfa Alfalfa Alfalfa In apart-— ment In house Er iococcus euphorbiae Hollyhock seed Reared from daisy flea- bane Larvae of Hypera postica Larvae of Hypera postica Juniper White oak Grasses Maple Centipede grass CEIR Page 616 383 478 740 766 740 781 337 528 685 544 985 427 498 Species Cinara canadensis a conifer aphid State Virginia Coccygomimus pedalis North “an ichneumon wasp Dakota Diabrotica virgifera Idaho western corn rootworm Empicoris or thoneuron a reduviid bug Eotetranychus multidigituli a spider mite Eurytetranychus buxi a spider mite Euxoa auxiliaris army cutworm Forcipomyia fusicornis a ceratopogonid fly Galeruca rudis a chrysomelid beetle Gnothobleda litigiosa a reduviid bug Graphocephala cythura a cicadellid Heterodera glycines soybean cyst nematode Hyposoter frugitivus an ichneumon wasp. Itoplectis conquisitor an ichneumon wasp Labops hesperius a grass bug Oklahoma Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Michigan Hawaii South Dakota Oklahoma Hawaii Alabama North Dakota North Dakota Nevada aoe County Montgomery Benson Franklin Texas Monroe Dauphin Kalamazoo Oahu Island Harding McCurtain Oahu Island Escambia Benson Benson Elko Collected on Juniper Malacosoma disstria Corn Corn Honey locust Buxus sp. Bentgrass A damsel fly (Megalagrion sp.) Lupine At lights Eugenia malaccensis Soybeans Ma lacosoma disstria Ma lacosoma WY diss Crested wheatgrass 574 781 321 604 453 283 599 741 339 531 282 282 T OF AGRICULTURE NSPECTION SERVICE intine Programs rs made during the late summer and fall of 1972. The survey reveals erity of infestations for 1973. Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, »ssary in 1973. ith technical assistance from Plant Protection & Quarantine and State Midwestern States. Areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these R INFESTATIONS /FALL 1972 LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES PRIVATE & STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN TOTAL Jtah 9,172 16,572 Nashington 964,460 1,044,780 Nyoming 182,940 213,760 et STERN Kansas 350,000 350,000 Nebraska 501,000 = 501,000 New Mexico 4,637,491 717,429 5,354,920 Oklahoma 1,485,000 = 1,485,000 Texas 1,261,060 = 1,261,060 | i A a 5 5 / personnel in cooperation with various State Agencies concerned. vy GPO 793-110 eee 3 107 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD ALLY NON-ECONOMI MN).:—sn8s:« ORX:-- MORE GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD (MAY REQUIRE TREATMENT) NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON IN TYPE om pera Gees ree more | nerrmen @ i smo) | romans wre rake Jamearmomal wenoe samc maaan a emanewen | wecerre Q) =. | es | [== wm | ee = = oan ce| ee Watson sr camo | meme | mom dae coun rw, 7 cers | cane mice Ba | exter bee wet fete q pears Y sane NITED STATES DEP# ANIMAL AND PLANT FE Plant Protection TO COOPERATORS: This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper ac where and how many grasshoppers infest an area, and indicates the poi determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control m Control on grasshopper infested croplands will be handled by the personnel. The infested rangeland areas total 15,337,582 acres in 17 We | areas, infestations may be solid or spotted. RANGELAND GRAS: ACREAGE BY F i | (Areas: REGION AND STATE LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES PUBLIC DOMAIN PRIVATE & STATE WESTERN Arizona 14,500 California 81,920 Colorado 503,120 Idaho 749,160 Montana 88,450 Nevada 5,100 N. Dakota = Oregon 1,378,740 S. Dakota 10,200 The survey was planned and performed by Plant Protection and Qu | 1 Species Parlatoria oleae Olive scale Patapius spinosus a leptopodid bug | Patasson luna a mymarid wasp Pealius hibisci 3/ a whitefly Petrobia latens brown wheat mite Phanaeus vindex a scarab fey 1 lobius oblongus a weevil Pissodes strobi white pine weevil Platytetranychus | thujae a spider mite Protocalliphora I hirudo a calliphorid fly Sanbornia juniperi ‘an aphid ] ‘Scambus tecumseh an ichneumon wasp ‘Sceptrothelys _ grandiclava a pteromalid wasp ‘Scyphophorus acupunctatus a weevil ‘Takecallis arundinariae a bamboo aphid State Delaware Nevada Indiana Florida Pennsylvania South Dakota Maine California Pennsylvania Virginia Missouri North Dakota Indiana Mississippi Maryland County sussex Washoe Harrison Volusia Mifflin Fall River Penobscot Del Norte Cumber land Roanoke Jasper Benson Knox Harrison Montgomery | 3/7 Occurs in Hawaii. This is first record for 18} = Collected CEIR on Page Cherry-leaf 751 laurel Under boards 43 and cardboard Hypera 781 postica eggs Cassava in 4 nursery Sweet- 320 potato vine In hospital All Norway maple 192 Sitka spruce 763 Arborvitae 358 House wren 766 Juniper 779 Malacosoma 282 disstria Coccoon of 781 Bathyplectes curculionis Century plant 230 Dwarf bamboo 409 continental U.S. Species Leucophaea maderae Madeira cockroach Loxosceles rufescens a scytotid spider Lyctus brunneus a powderpost beetle Metrioptera roeselli a grasshopper Microlarinus lypriformis a puncturevine stem weevil Monar thrum fasciatum a bark beetle Monocternus melliceps a juniper sawfly Neolasioptera ~ nodulosa__ a cecidomyiid midge Oligonychus aceris a spider mite Oligonychus bicolor a spider mite Oligonychus ilicis southern red mite Ooencyrtus kuwanai an encyrtid wasp Orgyia rindgei awiaparid ime th Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle State California Kansas Mississippi Maine New Hampshire Florida Michigan Delaware Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Maryland Arizona Missouri Tennessee County Los Angeles Riley Jackson York Strafford Dade Wayne Sussex York Dauphin Allegheny Monroe Cecil Coconino Sst. Charles Pickett Collected CEIR on Page In residence 782 In building 464 Mahogany 167 door frames --- 979 --- 481 Puncturevine 337 Pine window- 411 sills in home Juniper 463 Blackberry 409 Silver maple 321 Pin oak 387 Buxus 387 sempervirens Porthetria 643 ~ dispar eggs Pupal cases 779 and females on several tree varieties Oats BXS37/ Oats 309 I | | Species ‘Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa i ‘a gall midge Tetrastichus julis an ichneumon wasp Theronia atalantae fulvescens an ichneumon wasp Utabaenetes tanneri a camel cricket Vertigo rugosula Xylosandrus germanus a land snail a@ scolytid beetle State Indiana Indiana North Dakota Arizona South Carolina Virginia County Vander - burgh Kosciusko Benson Coconino Charleston Collected on Bald cypress Field insec-— tary Malacosoma disstria Pittsylvania Redbud Coop. Econ. 15 - CEIR Page 147 411 282 331 148 640 U.S. Dept. Agr. 23(1-4) :9-15, Ins. Rpt. 1973 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas STATE SURVEY COORDINATORS Dr. F. S. Arant, Head, Department of Zoology- Entomology, Auburn University, Auburn 36830 Dr. Richard H. Washburn, Entomology Department, Agricultural Experiment Station, Palmer 99645 Dr. J. N. Roney, Extension Entomologist, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 751, Phoenix 85001 | Dr. F. D. Miner, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 Mr. Daniel W. Robinson, State Entomologist, Division of Plant Industry, Special Services, California Department of Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Sacramento 95814 Mr. William M. Hantsbarger, Associate Professor , Department of Zoology and Entomology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521 Mr. George W. Schuessler, Deputy State Entomologist! Agricultural Experiment Station, Box 1106, New Haven 06504 Dr. Dale F. Bray, Head, Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology, University of Delaware, | Newark 19711 Mr. H. L.. Jones, Director, Divisionvor Plant. Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1269, Gainesville 32601 Mr... Carl M. Scott... Jr. Director; /Divisionnwot | Entomology, Georgia Department of Agriculture, 19 Hunter Street, Atlanta 30334 Mr. Kenneth F. Kawamura, Hawaii State Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5425, Honolulu 96814 Dr. A. R. Gittins, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow 83843 Dr. H. B. Petty, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Illinois Agricultural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana 61801 | Dr. John V. Osmun, Head, Department of Entomology, | Purdue University, Lafayette 47907 Dr. Oscar E. Tauber, Acting Survey Coordinator, Chairman, Department of Zoology and Entomology, 253 Science Building, Iowa State University, Ames 50010 Dr. Herbert Knutson, Head, Department of Entomology, Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan | 66502 =) L62'— Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland . Massachusetts Michigan | Minnesota | | | ‘Mississippi | | Missouri Montana | Nebraska ‘Nevada | New Hampshire New Jersey ‘New Mexico Dr. Wesley W. Gregory, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 Dr. L. D. Newsom, Head, Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803 Dr. G. W. Simpson, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono 04473 Dr. W. C. Harding, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742 Dr. Gary L. Jensen, Assistant Professor of Entomology, Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002 Dr. Gordon E. Guyer, Head, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823 Mr. Plant Industry, Agriculture, State Office Building, 595101 Robert B. Flaskerd, Director, Division of Minnesota Department of St. Paul Dice Mississippi State University, F. G. Maxwell, Head, Department of Entomology, State College 39762 DiS Mio te) Gaselatas ment of Entomology, University of Missouri, Extension Entomologist, Depart-— 1-87 Agriculture Building, Columbia 65201 Mr. Ellsworth B. Hastings, State Entomologist, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59715 Dr. Elvis A. Dickason, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503 Division of Plant POR Mr. Harry E. Gallaway, Director, Industry, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Box 1209, Reno 89504 Dr. R. L. Blickle, Chairman, Department of Entomology, University of New Hampshire, Nesmith Hall, Durham 03824 Dr. Billy R. Wilson, Chairman, Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08903 Dr. G. L. Nielsen, Chief, Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, New Mexico State University, University Park Box 3189, Las Cruces 88001 New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Extention Entomologist, Depart-— College of Ithaca 14850 Dr. A. A. Muka, ment of Entomology and Limnology, Agriculture, Cornell University, Dr. Gerald T. Weekman, Extension Entomologist, North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 5215, State College Station, Raleigh 27607 Extension Entomologist, Fargo 58102 Mr. Wayne J. Colberg, North Dakota State University, Dr. Roy W. Rings, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691 Dr. D. C. Peters, Head, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074 Mr. William Kosesan, Assistant Chief, Plant Division, Oregon State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Building, 635 Capital, N.E., Salem STS OW Dr. Ke Chung Kim, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Patterson Building, University Park 16802 Agricultural Experiment Station, Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 00928 University of Dr. Gordon Field, Chairman, Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881 Dr. C. A. Thomas, Leader, Extension Entomology and Plant Disease Work, Clemson University, Clemson 29631 Dr: and Zoology, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006 Division of Plant P.O. Mr oH. he bruer. Director, Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Box 40627, Nashville 37204 Drie P. i. Adktsson;, Texas A&M University, Head, Department of Entomology: College Station 77843 Mr. R. S. Roberts, Utah State University, Extension Entomologist, Logan 84321 Mr. John W. Scott, Director, Division of Plant Pest Control, Vermont Department of Agriculture, Montpelier 05602 R. J. Walstrom, Head, Department of Entomology” Virginia Washington “West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Dr. J. M. Grayson, Head, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061 Dr. Robert F. Harwood, Chairman, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163 Mr. Albert E. Cole, Director, Plant Pest Control Division, West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston 25305 Mr. Philip W. Smith, WDA-Plant Industry Division, 801 West Badger Road, Madison 53713 Mr. Walter H. Patch, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Wyoming State Department of Agriculture, Capital Building, Cheyenne 82001 Revised December 29, 1972 U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 23(1-4):16-19, 1973 SOs Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Massachusetts COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS | Mr. H. Frank McQueen, Cooperative ‘Extension Service, Auburn University, Auburn 36830 Mr. Judson May, State Capitol Annex, P.O. Box 6189, Phoenix 85005 Mr. W. P. Boyer, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 Mr. Ronald M. Hawthorne, California Department of Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Sacramento 95814 Modified Agreement Modified Agreement Mr. Frank W. Mead, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1269, Gainesville 32601 Mr. Kenneth F. Kawamura, Hawaii State Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5425, Honolulu 96814 Modified Agreement Mr. Tim A. Cooley, Illinois Natural History Survey, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana 61801 Mr. Robert W. Meyer, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, Lafayette 47907 Modified Agreement Dr. K. O. Bell, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66502 Mr. Douglas E. Barnett, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 Mr. Arthur Gall, Department: of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono 04102 Mr. John L. Hellman, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742 Modified Agreement Dr. Richard Sauer, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823 Mr. J. R. Sandve, Acting, Division of Plant Industry, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 670 State Office Building, St. PauJ 55101 Mr. James V. Robinson, P.O. Drawer EM, State College 39762 — ie Dr. Ralph E. Munson, Department of Entomology, 1-87 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia 65201 Modified Agreement Mr. David L. Keith, Extension-Survey Entomologist, Plant Industry 201-A, East Campus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503 Modified Agreement Modified Agreement Modified Agreement Mr. Thomas N. Hunt, Survey Entomologist, North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 5215, State College Station, Raleigh 27607 Mr. William J. Brandvik, Associate State Entomologist, Office of State Entomologist, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58102 Mr. Philip R. Fox, i01 Curl Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Mr. Don C. Arnold, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074 Mr. Richard L. Penrose, Plant Division, Oregon State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Building, Salem 97310 Dr. Ke Chung Kim, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Patterson Building, University Park 16802 Modified Agreement Mr. V. H. McCaskill, Plant Pest Regulatory Service, Clemson University, Clemson 29631 Dr. Philip A. Jones, Entomology-Zoology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006 Mr. Chester D. Gordon, Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 40627, Nashville 37204 Mr. Lambert R. Green, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843 Modified Agreement Dr. William Allen, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061 Modified Agreement = Bil Ss West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mr. J. D. Hacker, Plant Pest Control Division, West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston 25305 Mr. Marlin §. Conrad, WDA-Plant Industry Division, 801 West Badger Road, Madison 53713 Modified Agreement Revised December 29, 1972 U.S. Depts: Agar: Coop. Econ. ins. Rpte 23 (1-4) :20-22, 1973 Bae) tes INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES STONE FRUIT WEEVIL (Furcipus rectirostris (L.))* Economic Importance - This weevil is a pest of stone fruit, its primary host being Prunus padus, the European Birdcherry. Wild cherries are a serious source of infestation to edible cherries. The worst damage is caused by adult maturation feeding and Oviposition in young fruit. This causes some of the fruit to fall, turn moldy, or fail to mature. Losses in Switzerland have ranged from 7-81 percent of the crop with some cherries having up to 10 punctures each. Damage has reached 85 percent in other areas of ‘Eur ope. \Interceptions - Since 1918, there have been 52 interceptions of jthis pest at U.S Host - Cherries are the primary host but it has also been recorded on prunes and peaches in western Russia. Distribution - Northern and central Europe, U.S.S.R., and Japan. | General Distribution of Stone Fruit Weevil uife History and Habits - The adults overwinter in ground trash ind emerge in the spring to begin maturation feeding. They feed on the flowers of the host, damaging the corollas, then riddle the leaves. Feeding on small shoots is occasionally dangerous to young plants. This maturation feeding lasts from 3-4 weeks but the worst damage occurs when the adults begin to feed on the young fruit and oviposit in the pits. The females lay from 12-14 *gegS each, usually depositing only one egg per fruit. The larvae ‘eed inside the stone and this often causes the fruit to fail to levelop properly. As the larvae mature they gnaw a circular hole in the hardening stone which is later used for adult emergence. pation occurs in mid-July and the adults emerge in about 2 weeks. ‘he young adults feed externally on the host for a short time and shen go into hibernation. ‘Former ly Anthonomus rectirostris. Coleoptera: Curculionidae Sgt s Description - The adults measure 4.0-4.5 mm in length and are oblong-oval. The head, legs, and abdominal sterna are reddish brown with the thorax slightly darker. The elytra vary from reddish brown to light tan. There are several alternating bands of light and dark, moderately dense setae across the elytra. One or more of the dark bands may be concentrated into a smaller are: on each elytron. Other distinguishing characteristics of this monotypic genus are a very prominant, roughened scutellum and bidentate metafemora. Members of all other closely related generi have a punctate scutellum and either unidentate or unarmed metafemora. (Prepared in Pest Survey and Technical Support in cooperation with other agencies). USDA, CEIR 23(1-4):23-24, 1973 ~ 4 \ \) er! ig CE Bee ts. Se. e' SELES ip Adult of F. rectirostris Major references: Balachowsky, A. and L. Mesnil. 1935. Les Insects Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivees. Vol. 1:48. Paris. Burke, H.R. and Monawar Ahmad. 1967. Taxonomic status and relationships of Coccotorus LeConte and Furcipus Desbrochers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 60(6):1152. LOMAS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 VOL. 23 NO. 5 25: February 2, 1973 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 February 2, 1973 Number 5 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions Barley yellow dwarf virus, transmitted by CORN LEAF APHID and ENGLISH GRAIN APHID, may be major small grain problem in Alabama next few months. (p. 27). ALFALFA WEEVIL active in Texas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. (p. 27). Detection New State records include a SCARAB from North Carolina (p. 28) and a PTEROMALID WASP from South Carolina. (p. 28). Special Reports Survey Methods. Selected References 1971. Part XXXVI. (pp. 29-47). Golden Nematode Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending January 26 unless other- wise indicated. at yates CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance....... Peelers. eraenerenemememe Beau Insects Affecting Smal Gras Sin aeucuetotoees aeuels a: 2 General Vegetabiles... eee Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.27 Man and Animal's 37.2 aise SoZ HOLGATE Me SUMES ayer enclestel ele eens 27 Beneficial Insects...... gle clon aual seehel wie iece 1oUeheushelalie) s_euenel el cecmehei elem me mene nens 28 IDS 1HSX@ aly 45 Gino Goro olo or SOD DC OO dO UO HOO jai 0. e/:e1 elo) sie s ere\ ole) eh eMometoneEe 516 oZks} COVRECELONS isis si sieeve! wi sreneunes ces pres 8 Oe aig mio OO E bau! elhonrensans 6 5 5 cXs} Hawade a DnNSee:t RE POL iG:. Stafford, EH. M.,- and Kukushima, ©. 19¢1.) Reaaanic; of the omnivorous leaf roller in the laboratory on artificial diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1172-1173. Anthon, E., Smith, -. 0. ; “and Garrett, S)-De 1971.) Arita failciasl@idniet and pheromone studies with peach twig borer. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :259-262., Atallah, Y. H. 1971. Status of carbaryl and DDT resistance in laboratory-reared Egyptian cotton leafworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1018-1021. Atkinson, P. R. 1971. Relative humidity in the breeding sites of Glossina morsitans Westw. in northern Botswana. Bul. Ent. Res. 62(1):241-246. Barlow, J. S. and Kollberg, S. 1971. An improved chemically defined diet for Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Canad. Enit.. 103.(9)i- 1s41=15458 Beavers, J. B. and Ewart, W. H. 1971. Observations on citrus thrips biology and an improved method of rearing them in the laboratory. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1124-1127. Beck, S. D. 1971. Growth and retrogression in larvae of Trogoderma glabrum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). 1. Characteristics under feeding and starvation conditions. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):149-155. Biever, K. D. 1971. Effect of diet and competition in laboratory rearing of chironomid midges. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5): 1166-1169. Biever, K. D. and Boldt, P. E. 1971. Continuous laboratory rearing of the diamondback moth and related biological data. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):651-655. Bodnaryk, R. P. 1971. A convenient method for rearing blow flies and flesh flies. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :986-987. Brust, R. A. 1971. Laboratory mating in Aedes diantaeus and Aedes communis (Diptera: Culicidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1): 234-237. Bryan, D. E., Jackson, C. G., Patana, R., and Neemann, kh. Gl alome Field cage and laboratory studies with Bracon kirkpatricki, a parasite of the pink bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1236- 1241, Burleigh, J. G. 1971. Parasites reared from the soybean looper in Louisiana 1968-69. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1550-1551. Campbell, R. L. and Koehler, C. S. 1971. Biological observations on Inopus rubriceps (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Annee Ge) he = 30).= Shane Sue wlashico, Hl) lappold> Py iC. and Massey, lL. M., Jr. 1971. Gamma irradiation of the European chafer. 2. Deter- mination of sterilization dose levels for adults, with notes on rearing techniques. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :832-837. Cohen, R. A. and Sturckow, B. 1971. Gustatory behavioral responses of the adult blow fly Phormia regina reared on sugar-con- taining media. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1269-1272. Cowan, F. T. 1971. Field biology of the migratory phase of Melanoplus rugglesi (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3) :574-580. Creswell, M. J., Sturgeon, E. E., and Eikenbary, R. D. 1971. Laboratory rearing of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia PAShAnA MON agtativeialy dtets. Ent) Soe. Amer. Anne 6Ai(e 1159-1163. Danks, H. V. 1971. Life history and biology of Einfeldia synchrona (Diptera: Chironomidae). Canad. Ent. 103(11):1597-1606. Decker, G. C. and Maddox, J. V. 1971. Effect of temperature on rate of development and survival of Simyra henrici. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):94-98. Drooz, A. T. 1971. The elm spanworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) : natural diets and their effect on the F5 generation. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2) :331-333. Elsey, K. D. and Stinner, R. E. 1971. Biology of Jalysus spinosus, an insect predator found on tobacco. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :779-783. Fewkes, D. W. and Demidecki-Demidowicz, M. R. 1971. Rearing technique for sugar cane froghopper nymphs (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1471-1472. Foote, B. A. 1971. Biology of Hedria mixta (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4):931-941. Frankie, G. W. and Koehler, C. 8S. 1971. Studies on the biology and seasonal history of the cypress bark moth, Laspeyresia cupressana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 103(7): 947-961. Frick, K. E. 1971. Longitarsus jacobaeae (Coleoptera: Chrysome-— lidae), a flea beetle for the biological control of tansy- ragwort. II. Life history of a Swiss biotype. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :834-840. Galford, J. R. 1971. Improved techniques for rearing the smaller European elm bark beetle on artificial media. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1327-1328. Garry GC. Ee. and Wingo, CC. W. 197l. Factors affecting parasitism of the face fly by Aphaereta pallipes in laboratory studies. JeuEcon. Ent. 64 (1) l0O4=10Te oS oete Sere Geckler, R. P. 1971. Laboratory studies of predation of snails by larvae of the marsh fly, Sepedon tenuicornis (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Canad. Ent. 103(5):638-649. Gingrich, Ri. i... Graham, “A. sy. , and: Hightower, Be G. Ove Vedmc containing liquefied nutrients for mass-rearing larvae of the screw-worm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :678-683. Goeden, R. D. and Ricker, D. W. 1971. Biology of Zonosemata vittigera relative to silverleaf nightshade. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :417-421. Hall, €. €., Jx.,. McMahon; Bi, andissams)\ Je a. UO ColMelcktsmnc; and rearing Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, a mite from housedust. Ann. Allergy 29(2):81-85. Hathaway, D. O., Clift, A. E., and Butt, B. A. 1971. Development and fecundity of codling moths reared on artificial diets or immature apples. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1088-1090. Hendricks, D. E. 1971. Oil-soluble blue dye in larval diet marks adults, eggs, and first-stage Fl larvae of the pink bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6) :1404-1406. Hendricks, D. E., Leal, M. P., Robinson, S. H., and Hernandez, N. S. 1971. Oil-soluble black dye in larval diet marks adults and eggs of tobacco budworm and pink bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1399-1401. Hertel, G. D. 1971. Rearing pales weevils on soil beds containing pine bolts. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):893-895. Hobbs, G. A. and Krunic, M. D. 1971. Comparative behavior of three chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) parasites of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, in the laboratory. Canad. Ent. 103 (5) :674-685. Howe, W. L. See under Equipment and Techniques. Howell, J. F. 1971. Problems involved in rearing the codling moth on diet in trays. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :631-636. Jacob, D. and Chippendale, G. M. 1971. Growth and development of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, ona meridic diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2) :485-488. Jacques’, R. Los Jr., and Peters, D. C. 1971. Biology or Systena frontalis, with special reference to corn. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :135-138. Jubb, G. Li, dxr.,.and,Carruth,.L. A. 1971. “Growth, and: yaleldasor caged cotton plants infested with nymphs and adults of Lygus hesperus. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1229-1236. Kamburov, S. S. 1971. Feeding, development, and reproduction of Amblyseius largoensis on various food substances. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :643-648. eG) et eras Kamran, M. A. and Raros, E. S. 1971. Introduction, laboratory propagation, and field releases of Sturmiopsis inferens in the Philippines. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1277-1280. hasting. oh a. MeGinnis), A. J. and Hawn, mE. J. 1971. A disease of pale western cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared in the laboratory. Canad. Ent. 103(7):1027-1032. Kilian, L. and Nielson, M. W. 1971. Differential effects of temperature on the biological activity of four biotypes of the pea aphid. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):153-155. Kirk, V. M. 1971. Biological studies of a ground beetle, Pterostichus lucublandus. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3) :540-544, Knisley, C. B. and Swift, F. C. 1971. Biological studies of Amblyseius umbraticus (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :813-822. Kok, M. L. 1971. Laboratory studies on the life-history of Valanga nigricornis nigricornis (Burm.) (Orth., Acrididae). Bul. Ent. Res. 60 :439-446. Kon, R. T. and Monroe, R. E. 1971. Utilization of dietary amino acids in lipid synthesis by aseptically reared Musca domestica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(1):247-250. Krieger, D. L. 1971. Rearing Several aphid species on synthetic diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1176-1177. Krieger, R. I. 1971. Toads in the biological control of southern armyworm larvae in the greenhouse. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):335. Loomis, E. C. 1971. Rearing of Boophilus microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae) on the laboratory rabbit. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3) :598-603. Mangat, B. S. 1971. Development of the black cutworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):766. Manewtaniezen G yuk) NGOLZ. (Hi wd.), and Stevens, H. Js, dm. LoL. Biology of the sweetclover root borer. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5): 1154-1158. McKinlay, K. S. and Randell, R. L. 1971. Moisture content and nutritional value of laboratory diets for the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Canadtuiain t. .l0si@) i Gom-ool mim nnn McKnight, M. E. 1971. Biology and habits of Bracon politiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. :620- 624. McLean, D. L. 1971. Probing behavior of the pea aphid, Acyrtho- siphon pisum. V. Comparison of Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, and a chemically defined diet as food sources. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2) :499-503. aha ce McPherson, J. E. 1971. Laboratory rearing of Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1339-1340. McPherson, J. E. 1971. Notes on the laboratory rearing of Corimelaena lateralis lateralis (Hemiptera: Corimelaenidae) on wild carrot. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):313-314. Oetting, R. D. and Yonke, T. R. 1971. Immature stages and biology of Podisus placidus and Stiretrus fimbriatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Canad. Ent. 103(11):1505-1516. Plaut, H. N. 1971. On the biology of the adult of the almond wasp, Eurytoma amygdali End. (Hym., Eurytomidae), in Israel. Bul. Ent. Res. 62(1):275-281. Ramsey, H. L. 1971. Garden symphylan populations in laboratory cultures. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):657-660. Raulston, J. R. 1971. A practical diet containing cottonseed for rearing the pink bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1021-1023. Redfern, R. E., Cantu, E., Jones, W. A., and Jacobson, M. 1971. Response of the male southern armyworm in a field cage to Prodenialure A and Prodenialure B. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1570- IRay7/ee Richmond, C. A. and Graham, H. M. 1971. Suppression of popullatzons of pink bollworm by releases of gamma-irradiated moths in field cages. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :332-333. Rings, R. W. 1971. Contributions to the bionomics of climbing cutworms; the life history of the mottled gray cutworn, Abagrotis alternata. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):34-38. Rosenthal, S. S. and Koehler, C. S. 1971. Heterogony in some gall- forming Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) with notes on the biology of Neuroterus saltatorius. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):565-570. Ryan wk Be See under Equipment and Techniques. Saxena, R. C. and Saxena, K. N. 1971. Growth, longevity, and reproduction of Empoasca devastans on okra fruit for labora- tory rearing. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :424-425. Schroeder, W. J., Miyabara; R. Y., Tanaka, N., and Chambers) D> 7L- 1971. A fluid larval medium for rearing the melon fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1221-1223. Schwartz, J. L. and Lyon, R. L. 1971. Contact. toxicity of five insecticides to California oakworm reared on an artificial diet. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):146-148. Shanks, Cc. H., Jr.; and-Finnigan, B. .F.,.1971. Development of thoracic legs on black vine weevil larvae fed on a powdered milk diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6) :1340-1341. Shaver, T. N. and Raulston, J. R. 1971. A soybean-wheat germ diet for rearing the tobacco budworm. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5): 1077-1079. Lea Siddig, M. A. and Elbadry, KE. A. 1971. Biology of the spider mite Eutetranychus sudanicus. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :806-809. Sangh Z. and Howe, W. Lb. 1971. Feeding, longevity, and fecundity of the adult western corn rootworm fed artificial diets. Jeo Heon. Ent. 64) -1136-1137. Sonenshine, D. E. 1971. Mass rearing of radioisotope-tagged larval ticks for ecological investigations. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6): 1423-1429. Soto, P. E. and Laxminarayana, K. 1971. A method for rearing the sorghum shoot fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):553. Sparks, A. N., Wiseman, B. R., and McMillian, W. W. 1971. Production of corn earworms on several hosts in field cages. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):540-541. Spencer, N. R. 1971. Sterilization of insect diet by gamma irradiation. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :753-754. Srivastava, P. N. and Auclair, J. L. 1971. An improved chemically defined diet for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2):474-478. Srivastava, P. N. and Auclair, J. L. 1971. Influence of sucrose concentration on diet uptake and performance by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):739- 743. Stadler, E. 1971. An improved mass-rearing method of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae). Canad. Ent. 103 (7) :1033-1038. Standlea, P, P. 1971. Mass rearing parasite-free green peach aphids in the greenhouse. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):775-776. Standlea, P. P. and Enns, W. R. 1971. A flexible multiple-cage ventilation system for use with sleeved isolation cages. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1324. Sullivan, D. J. and van den Bosch, R. 1971. Field ecology of the primary parasites and hyperparasites of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, in the East San Francisco Bay Area. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2) :389-394. SuGtecrG wk. keysan rd. die, and Guss, «Py ai Wovd. Reaxrane athe southern corn rootworm on artificial diet. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :65-67. Swenson, K. G. 1971. Environmental biology of the leafhopper Scaphytopius delongi. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :809-812. iacshis. 15 B. 1971. Imdividual black fly rearing cylinders (Diptera: Simuliidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1192-1193. incolemwuna TC. Mane. H.C... Kang, Es vE.,.and we royd),) om.) Payelog il: Influence of nutrients in the adult diet on diapause in the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :812-814. eel Tostowaryk, W. 1971. Life history and behavior of Podisus modestus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in boreal forest in Quebec. Canad. Ent. 103(5) :662-674. Vail, Pi Vi Whitaker; Ts, Toba, Hs; and: Kishaba , Az Ni. 3297s Field and cage tests with polyhedrosis viruses for control of the cabbage looper. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1132-1136. Vereecke, A. and Hertveldt, L. 1971. Laboratory rearing of the cabbage maggot. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :670-673. Wallace, J. B. and Neff, S. E. 1971. Biology and immature stages of the genus Cordilura (Diptera: Scatophagidae) in the eastern United States. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1310-1330. Waters, N. D. 1971. A technique for laboratory rearing immature alfalfa leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1183. Wehrhahn, C. F. and Klassen,-W. 1971. Genetic insect _ control methods involving the release of relatively few laboratory- reared insects. Canad. Ent. 103(10) :1387-1396. White, L. D. and Hutt, R. B. 1971. An inexpensive transparent holding cage for insect oviposition and longevity studies. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):551-552. Yaseen, M. and Ghani, M. A. 1971. Descriptions, and notes on the biology, of four new species of Adelgidae from West Pakistan. Bul. Ent. Res. 62(1):191-205. Yonce, CC. E.., Gentry, C. R.g! and! Pate, R.2 Rie LOWd.” Arta falenal diets for rearing larvae of the. plum cureculio.. J. Econ2 int. 64(5):1111-1112. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES Brody, A. R. and: Wharton, G..W.' 1971.°The use) of glycerol-Ket in scanning microscopy of acari. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2): 528-530. Brussard, P. F. 1971. Field techniques for investigations of population structure in a "ubiquitous" butterfly. Lepidopterists' Soc. J. 25(1):22-29. Burgess, E. E. and Shamiyeh, N. B. 1971. An improved method of flower thrips extraction from rose flowers. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :545-546. Carolin, V.-M.,. Daterman,. G.-E. ‘and Coulter, W..K. LOW: Techniques in obtaining overwintering larvae of European pine shoot moth for mass rearing. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6) :1408-1410. Chai, F.-C. and Dixon, S. E. 1971. A technique for ageing icocoons of the sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Canad. 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ST LT A — -u0o paaoadde our AQoo.p 10 y[Nq Ur poysoArey FE ,,3dUIaxa st UIOO “1a poyonysu ial ‘u109 Iva paeyonys 4deoxe UlOD Ieq ‘6 ‘1oyoodsur uv Aq paljij0u astmzoyj}O ssozun ‘stourejuoo pedaoidde ur poaouw ji ,,}dwWaxe oie 10}}1] JUL[d pue “Ioppoj ‘meas ‘ALY ‘pury Aue jo 103}, Juejd pue ‘1appoy ‘mes ‘Avy ‘g ‘TIOS 94} YIM JOR}UOD O}UT JUIOD JOU DALY JOdLOY} StouIv}UOD puL sUvaqAOS dy} JI puR ‘s1oUTe}UOD paaoid -de ojur Ayoomp 10 yynq ur poysoarey jt ,,}duIaxa o.1v (paas 10} ueY} IoY}O) suvaqdog ‘syUoWoIINba sa[vs paas 93vjg JooUI 0} poauva]o UVeq VAvY Ady} JI “IO [IOS OY} YAM YOR}PUOI OU BWV JOU DALY JOaLoY} S1oUTe}UOD puv sUTeIS []RWUS OU} JL pue ‘stoureyuod poroidde oyu Apap 10 x[Nq Ul poysoAreYy Ft ,,}dWloxa aie surers [[eUIS ‘suvaqdos pure sureis [Teg ‘yp ‘Ioyadsur ue Aq palftzou astMAayyO SsazuN ‘siauIe}UCD paroid -de ul peaouwl jt ,,,3dWaxa o1v (sjaoq Iesns pue so0zejod ys] ueY} 10430) sdo10 yooy ‘sseq dejing Mou Ur CoN oytong 0} poeddrys oq Avul spfaly poysoyuruoU Wo.IF sa0}v}0g ‘10}0adsur ue Aq por -TJOU 9SIMIOY}O SsopuN ‘s1auTeyUOD poaoidde ur paseyord pur ‘[Ios Jo se1fF poysem 410 Japeis poaoidde uv ye popvis ft ,,}duWaxa O18 (poas JO ULY} JaYJO) sa0ze}0d yYstzy ‘sdoio JOO1 JoyJO pue sa0jej}0d yYstty ‘syuvyd [e}UOWIeULLO Jo ‘sIaqn} pue ‘soUozIYyI ‘sul ‘sqinq onzy ‘uoljesedoid 10} s}oo1 pue sumoso yuri ‘pos sswicy aA 6 tf 1 oS ‘syuv[d onenbe oarj-[10s ydaoxe ‘s}oo1 YIM sjUelg 2 quod 10 9780 “TJlj190 & Jo JUOWUYOL}e oIIMbaI jOU Op sSori0ye10qeT, poaoidde 0} poddrys saydures Ios ‘ssuly} Jay}O YM Jo Ajoyeredas ‘enueut pasodwooop pue Yeod ‘yonu ‘snumy “4soduroo ‘flog ‘T ‘GHLVOIGNI SV CNNOWUVAA LIN Wad HO ALVOMLLYAO V AYINOAY SHTIOLLUV GHLVINDAY ONIMOTION AHL Chauthani, A. R., Snideman, M., and Rehnborg, C. S. 1971. Comparison of commercially produced Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis with two bioassay techniques based on toxicity munabsends) heon. Hot. 64,05) =1291-1298 . Daves) wo Conbet iP. Si, Galilies!, M1 ., and McCrae, A, Wa. oR. 1971. Parous rates in some Amazonian mosquitoes collected by three different methods. Bul. Ent. Res. 61(1):125-132. Dudley, C. O. 1971. A sampling design for the egg and first instar larval populations of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canad. Ent. 103(9):1291- 1313. Fewkes, D. W. See under Rearing. Galford, J. R. See under Rearing. Goonewardene, H. F. and Filmer, R. S. 1971. A technique for evaluation of field control of the alfalfa weevil using a fixed population. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :327-328. Goto, M. 1971. A technique for inoculating Xanthomonas translucens F. sp. oryzicola on rice. Plant Dis. Rptr. 55(5) :404-407. Hagstrum, D. W. 1971. Carapace width as a tool for evaluating the rate of development of spiders in the laboratory and the field. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4):757-760. Hagstrum, D. W. 1971. Evaluation of the standard pint dipper as a quantitative sampling device for mosquito larvae. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):537-540. Ham eed Burton sy Ress. 9 VOUNG., Ji.) .Ri.15),.and~Danied, Ry Te N97. Elimination of Nosema heliothidis from a laboratory colony of the corn earworm. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3) :624-627. Harris, M. 1971. Sampling pear foliage for nymphs of the pear psylla, using the Berlese-Tullgren funnel. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1317-1318. Hennessey, R. D. and Maddox, D. M. 1971. A modified photometric apparatus for quantitative evaluation of feeding preferences of phytophagous insects. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :964-965. Howe, W. L. and Zdarkova, E. 1971. A simple method for continuous rearing of the striped cucumber beetle. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5): 1337 « Ittycheriah, P. I. and Marks, E. P. 1971. Performic acid-resorcin fuchsin: a technique for the in situ demonstration of neurosecretory material in insects. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :762-765. Kishi, Y. 1971. Reconsideration of the method to measure the larval instars by use of the frequency distribution of head- capsule widths or lengths. Canad. Ent. 103 (7) :1011-1015. = So = Kislow, C., Barbosa, P., and Edwards, L. J. 1971. An embedding procedure for the study of aphid feeding and insect tissues. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):296-297. Lawko, C. M. 1971. A double replica method for counting ommatidia in curved compound eyes. Canad. Ent. 103(12) :1849-1850. Leppla, N. C. and Spangler, H. G. 1971. A flight—cage actogxraph for recording circadian periodicity of pink bollworm moths. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1431-1434. Luck, R. F. 1971. An appraisal of two methods of analyzing insect lite tables @Canad. Ent. 10S (9.21261 127 iy. Mangum, C. L., Torries, W., and Sanchez, N.-2971.>An amproved device for collecting pink bollworm moths for large-scale rearing programs. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1309. Medved, R. A. and Fleschner, C. A. 1971. A plastic cage for study of insects on plant stems and leaves. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1): 342. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. 1971. Manual of veterinary parasitological laboratory techniques. Minist. Aeriegy hish) Kd tech. (Bull. LS: loi pe. Mound, L. A. 1971. The feeding apparatus of thrips. Bul. Ent. Res. 60(4) :547-548. Mulrennan, J. A., Jr., Grothaus, R. H., Hammond, C.--L.,- and Lamdin, J. M. 1971. A new method of cockroach control on submarines. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1196-1198. Obasa, R. O. 1971. Determination of the age of pupae of Sarcophaga tibialis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) by dissection. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):754-755. Pesho, G. R., McGuire, J. U., Jr., and McWilliams, J. M. 1971. Sampling methods for surveys of damage caused by the wheat stem sawfly. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 19(6):121-130. Retnakaran, A. 1971. A method for determining sperm precedence in insects. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):578-580. Retnakaran, A. and French, J. 1971. A method for separating and surface sterilizing the eggs of the spruce budworn, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. Bite ehOS\ Olea" Len Rhode, R. H. and Calderén, W. 1971. Aerial release techniques for the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :537-539. Rhode, R. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Application of the sterile- insect-release technique in Mediterranean fruit fly suppression. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):708-713. Robertson, P. L. and Orton, C. J. 1971. Techniques for pheromone bioassay studies of ants. Bul. Ent. Res. 62(1) :283-291. - 38 - Rogers, C. E. and Howell, D. E. 1971. In vitro feeding of Argas radiatus (Acarina: Argasidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1): 297-298. Ross, Re H., Je., Monroe; R. EH.; and Butcher, J. W. 1971. Studies on techniques for the xenic and aseptic rearing of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 103(10) :1449-1454. Ryan, R. B. and Medley, R. D. 1971. Rearing insect parasitoids: a technique for counting, spacing, and holding lepidopterous pupae for parasitization. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1558. Shaver, T. N. and Lukefahr, M. J. 1971. A bioassay technique for detecting resistance of cotton strains to tobacco budworms. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1274-1277. Shaw, J. G. and Coauthors. 1971. Mechanical collection of diseased citrus red mites as a method of providing inoculum. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1223-1224, Shepherd, R. F. and Brown, C. E. 1971. Sequential egg-band sampling and probability methods of predicting defoliation by Malacosoma disstria (Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera). Canad. Ent. 103 (10) :1371-1379. Spadafora, R. R. 1971. A simple chamber to study response of small arthropods to air humidity and food moisture gradients. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :543-544, Terranova, A. C. 1971. An automated procedure for analysis of busulfan in boll weevils and in fortified boll weevil diet. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :549-550. Whitten, M. J. 1971. Selection for polygamy and the sterile-insect technique. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1310-1311. Zubercee Me is. Mustek. Ge J.)4, and Ksadreha lid? = M. eh. P97 Aa method of evaluating corn strains for tolerance to the western corn rootworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1514-1518. TRAPS Adlerz, W. C. 1971. A reservoir-equipped Moericke trap for col- lecting aphids. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :966-967. Barvolar i. A Cowan. C.. Bi. Jim, Hendricks. D. Hy. 5 and: Keller, J. C. 1971. Efficacy of hexalure and light traps in attracting pink bollworm moths. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):323-324. BarcetstyudieuiRies dD Deay s H., On, and Hartsock,) J.G. LOW. Reduction in insect damage to cucumbers, tomatoes, and sweet corn through use of electric light traps. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1241-1249. Barrett ud. Re. edt. Deay , H.« O.., and Hartsock)),J. G. 1971. Striped and spotted cucumber beetle response to electric inoht traps iJ.) Econ. Ent. 642) 7413-4116" i BQ) Buffam, P. E. 1971. Spruce beetle suppression in trap trees treated with cacodylic acid. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):958-960. Cantelo, W. W. See under Attractants. Cantelo, W. W. and Skov, O. 1971. A cage for holding female tobacco hornworms at light traps. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1322- ISS} Cantelo, W. W. and Smith, J.°-S., Jr. 1971. Collections of tobacco hornworm moths in traps equipped with one- or four-blacklight lamps baited with adult virgin females. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2): 555-556. Carlson, D. 1971. A method for sampling larval and emerging insects using an aquatic black light trap. Canad. Ent. 103 (10) :1365-1369. Frye, R. H. and Wygant, N. D. 1971. Spruce beetle mortality in cacodylic acid-treated Engelmann spruce trap trees. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :911-916. Gentry, CG. 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Res. 60(4) :549-557. Killinen, R. G. and Ost, R. W. 1971. Pheromone-maze trap for cabbage looper moths. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):310-311. Lewis, W. J., Snow, J. W., and Jones, R. L. See under Attractants. Hopez—De ha, steiner, le. hs) and® Hollbrook, Fo RR: 1971. A new yeast hydrolysate-borax bait for trapping the Caribbean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1541-1543. Mason. te, Jim, and Sublette, J. EH. 1971. Collecting Ohio River Basin chironomidae (Diptera) with a floating sticky trap. Canad. Ent. 103(3) :397-404. Nakagawa S., Chambers, D. L., Urago, T., and Cunningham, R. 7. 1971. Trap-lure combinations for surveys of Mediterranean fruit flies in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5) :1211-1213. Neakaawais., Cunningham. Re ls. and Urago, 1. 1971. The repellent effect of high trimedlure concentrations in plastic traps to Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :762-763. Nemec, S. J. 1971. Effects of lunar phases on light-trap col- lections and populations of bollworm moths. J. Econ. 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Ba, and Siliversitein, R. M. 1971. Attraction of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to a virgin-female-produced pheromone in the field. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1143-1149. Percy, J. E., Gardiner, E. J., and Weatherston, J. 1971. Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. VI. Evidence for a sex pheromone in female Orgyia leucostigma (Lepi- doptera: Lymantridae). Canad. Ent. 103(5):706-712. Perey, J. E. and Weatherston, J. 1971. Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions IX. Morphology and histology of the pheromone-producing glands of some female Lepidoptera. Canad. Ent. 103(12) :1733-1739. Pitman, G. B. and vité, J. P. 1971. Predator-prey response to western pine beetle attractants. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :402- 404. Plaut, H. N. 1971. Distance of attraction of moths of Spodoptera littoralis to BL radiation, and recapture of moths released at different distances of an ESA blacklight standard trap. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1402-1404. Robertson, P. L. See under Equipment and Techniques. RocilorSs:, We. Comeau, Ao. Halla cand “Malacevale iG. e947 ise sex attractant of the codling moth: characterization with electroantennogram technique. Science 174(4006) :297-299. Roelofs, W. L. and Cardé, R. T. 1971. Hydrocarbon sex pheromone in tiger moths (Arctiidae). Science 171(3972) :684-686. Solem Roelofs, W. L. and Comeau, A. 1971. Sex pheromone perception: synergists and inhibitors for the red-banded leaf roller attractant. J. Insect Physiol. 17(3) :435-448. Sanders, €. J. 1971. Daily activity patterns and sex pheromone specificity as sexual isolating mechanisms in two species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. Ent. 103(4): 8-502. Sanders, C. J. 1971. Laboratory bioassay of the sex pheromone of the female eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. Ent. 103(5) :631-637. Sanders, C. J. 1971. Sex pheromone specificity and taxonomy of budworm moths (Choristoneura). Science 171(3974) :911-913. Schutz, G. A. and Boush, G. M. 1971. Suspected sex pheromone glands in three economically important species of Dacus. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :347-349. Schwarz, M., Jacobson, M:, and ‘Cuthbert, F. P., Jr. 1971) Chemical: studies of the sex attractant of the banded cucumber beetle. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):769-770. Sharma, Ri. Ke. -Shorey, HH. H.., and: Gas tons li.) °K.7 1971 2 isex pheromones of noctuid moths. XXIV. Evaluation of pheromone traps for males of Trichoplusia ni. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):361- 364, rae Sower, Ui.) l., ‘Gaston, i. Ko; and Shorey, H. |W. 297i (Sexepheno— mones of noctuid moths. XXVI. Female release rate, male response threshold, and communication distance for Trichoplusia ni. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6) :1448-1456. Sower, 2 °L, ; Shorey, H. H., ‘and’-Gaston, L.iK.: 1971.2 Sex phere mones of noctuid moths. XXV. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on circadian rhythms of sex pheromone release by females of Trichoplusia ni. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2): 488-492. ere Tumlinson, J. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Identification of the trial pheromone of a leaf-cutting ant, Atta texana. Nature 234 (5328) :348-349. Weatherston, J., Roelofs, W., Comeau, A., and Sanders, C. J. 1971. Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. X. Sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canad. Ent. 103(12): 1741-1747. Williamson, D. L. 1971. Olfactory discernment of prey by Medetera bistriata (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3) :586-589. Wright, R. H. 1971. Correlation of far infrared spectra and Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction. Canad. Ent. 103(2) :284-285.>- - 46 - Wetohts Ro Ho Chambers), Dil. and Keiser, 1. 1971; Insect attractants, anti-attractants, and repellents. Canad. Ent. 103 (4) :627-630. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 23(5):29-47, 1973 = Ale SS WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 26, 1973 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: A storm centered over the middle Mississippi River Valley moved northeastward across Upper Michigan early in the week. Snow fell from this storm over the middle and lower Missouri River Valley and rain fell in the warm sector from the Ohio River Valley to New York. Light rain fell along the Texas coast. Numerous showers fell in the Florida Peninsula and several inches of snow fell in parts of New Mexico. A Pacific front moved into the Far West Wednesday. It spread clouds and rain along the coast and snow in nearby hills and mountains. Snow also fell at midweek from the Ohio River across the northern Appalachians to New England. Shortly after midweek a Low developed in the western portion of the Gulf of Mexico. It caused snow from the Pecos River to the hill country Thursday forenoon. In some areas snow was mixed with freezing rain. Snow accumulated to 4 inches at San Angelo and vicinity. Cold rain fell from southern Oklahoma and east Texas to the lower Mississippi River Valley. As the weekend approached, warm moist gulf air streamed northward. Moderate to heavy rains fell from eastern Texas across the southern Great Plains. Light snow continued in parts of central Texas. The snow, combined in some areas with freezing rain, slicked highways and made travel hazardous. The precipitation area spread northward and eastward and by Sunday most of the eastern half of the Nation received rain or snow. Snow fell in the Northeast, rain fell south of the snow belt. Freezing rain slicked roads in some spots south of the snow belt. The Pacific coast received precipitation at midweek, rain along the coast and snow at higher elevations. Blizzards, cold temperatures, howling winds, and blowing snow with near zero visibility occurred in the Great Plains Saturday. In some spots, snow drifts became several feet deep. Some roads became impassable. A number of tornadoes struck central Florida Sunday. TEMPERATURE: Winter temperatures prevailed over much of the Nation early in the week. The mercury at Fraser, Colorado, tumbled to 28 degrees below zero Tuesday morning, January 23. Mild temperatures continued in the extreme Southeast early in the week with maximums reaching the 80's over southern Florida. By midweek, morning chill reached northern Florida where on Thursday Tallahassee and Jacksonville recorded 35 degrees. After- noon temperatures remained below freezing in the Great Lakes region Thursday. A warming trend occurred over the Great Plains at midweek. Thursday was especially mild with temperatures over the northern Great Plains climbing to the 40's and 50's. Rapid City, South Dakota, registered 67 degrees Monday and Imperial, Nebraska, warmed to 61 degrees Thursday afternoon. Cold weather returned to mid-America Friday and temperatures over the northern Great Plains remained near or below freezing over the weekend. Cool weather spread eastward and southward. By Sunday afternoon maximums in the 40's were common. Lafayette, Louisiana, registered only 47 degrees Sunday afternoon. Temperatures over the Far West remained fairly uniform and averaged slightly cooler than normal. Temperatures averaged 6 degrees to 12 degrees below normal over much of the Great Basin. The temperature from the northern Great Plains to New England averaged from 10 degrees to 20 degrees above normal in spite of a weak cooling trend. Age U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 O0COl SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON CC 20560 of bl. 23 NO. 6 February 9, 1973 $23 | CUA (ae Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE US.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 February 9, 1973 Number 6 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions HESSIAN FLY survey of winter wheat in west-central and southwest Kansas showed flaxseed infestations in 10-50 percent of plants im some counties, (p. 5). CATTLE LICE heavy on some cattle in southeast Oklahoma. (p. 52). Detection For new county records see page 52. Changes in Scientific Names Otiorhynchus versus Brachyrhinus. (p. 54). Special Reports EUROPEAN CORN BORER fall 1972 populations decreased in 11 of 14 States reporting. The population in southeast North Dakota increased, while populations in Maryland and Kentucky remained at same levels recorded for 1971. (pp. 55-62). Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1926-1964. (pp. 63-67). Cereal Leaf Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending February 2 unless other- wise indicated. Ai Ua CONTENTS Insects Affecting SEMEL (Gee 5 Sooo ano oon boo mL. Colle CLODS wise oii fontie lente Horage (Legumes... .] «sm. 2.) DieeGenerad: Vege tabiles). ise. aoe bl Sugar BeCts<. 5c. eee ne OMant and Animals’ :. .s20 3 em Beneficial TASC CES 6 oe cas iiss Sore ie alee co eo Wists ate oo oseter eae tS Federal and State Plant Protection PROSTaMs 6%... 4) «6 sake a ee DET SC ETON sraiseco.qianer ste a a Silelle 6 esis 0:0 0 «© ©) 0/0 sie ee ane, Hawaii Insect le re eee las COTPRECPTONS HY. ey .eoke rete ieee eee hcl Ca ete oe © o's 0 «010516 ele ole eine ete Changes in Scientific Names - Otiorhynchus versus BYACHYENINUS 6 6%. oe ee eas be os bas oe 8 Oe ole ele cee le Hl On ee Status of the European Corn Borer in VOT S oisie 6. svc 5 ole SSS Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1926-1964..... Poco chpoososoGs Cereal Leaf Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 5 Reprinted from weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by the Environmental Data Service, NOAA, PRECIPITATION: An intense winter storm moved northeastward along the Atlantic coast early in the week. It caused moderate to heavy snow accompanied in some places by strong blustery winds in the northern sector from the Qhio and Tennessee River Valleys to New England and rain and a few thunderstorms in the warm sector from the middle Atlantic coast to southern New England. In the West a cold front pushed across the Great Basin. It caused rain along the Pacific coast and snow in nearby hills and mountains. Cloudiness increased in the vicinity of the Great Lakes and squalls occurred in western New York. A Low developed over the western edge of the central Great Plains about midweek. As it moved toward the Great Lakes it caused snow from the White Mountains in Arizona across the central Great Plains to Upper Michigan. Seven inches of snow fell at Las Vegas and 5 inches at Albuquerque both in New Mexico Wednesday afternoon. Strong winds raised clouds of dust in west- central Texas Wednesday afternoon and tornadoes caused light damage in northeastern Texas. Several cities in Arkansas and Louisiana suffered wind damage Wednesday evening. A storm off the Pacific coast caused gales in the vicinity of Cape Blanco, Oregon. A variety of winter weather covered the eastern half of the Nation as the weekend approached. One to five inches of snow fell from western Oklahoma to eastern Iowa Thursday morning and spread across southeastern Minnesota and Wisconsin to Upper Michigan in the afternoon. Freezing rain was mixed with snow in parts of Wisconsin and Michigan. Weather of the week continued on page 68. a SMALL GRAINS HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - KANSAS - Partially completed statewide winter wheat survey Showed substantial infestations in some west-central and southwest counties. Flaxseed infestations involving 10-50 percent of plants common in Trego, Lane, Ness, Finney, Hodgeman, Gray, Ford, Seward, and Meade Counties. Heaviest infestation found in a Ford County field, 75 percent infested plants. Zero to trace in wheat in west-central and southwest counties and in Pottawatomie, Jackson, Wabaunsee, and Shawnee Counties. (Bell). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Activity generally light with some heavy infestations. Heaviest infestation reported past week in Haskell County wheat field with average of 109 mites per row foot; leaf tips beginning to appear burnt. (Boring). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VIRGINIA - First-instar larvae observed in Red Oak, Charlotte County, January 29, 1973, by R. Blakeslee. Larval feeding on 50+ percent of tips in field; heavy numbers unusual this time of year. Controls not recommended. (Allen). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa as follows: Yuma Valley, Yuma County, 1,200; Dome Valley, Yuma County, 300; and Phoenix, Maricopa County, 566. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SUGAR BEETS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Colonies building up in many fields at Salt River Valley, Maricopa County; no damage evident to fast growing plants. Weeds main source of infestations. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Comprised 90 percent of insect population that severely damaged cabbage in unsprayed check plots at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Heavy on Cheese weed (Malva parviflora) in areas near lettuce fields in Maricopa County. Commercial fieldmen alert for migration into lettuce. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Single confirmed case in Texas only report from continental U.S. for period January 21-27. Total of 44,278,000 sterile flies released in U.S. this period, all in Texas. Total of 411 confirmed cases reported in Mexico with 182,710,000 sterile flies released there this period. (Anim. Health). Mae Galea COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 2.2 on backs of Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on cattle in Comanche and Hughes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Suis). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), heavy on cattle in Atoka County, moderate in Comanche County, and light in Hughes County. (Okla. Coop. "Sur =) HOUSE MOUSE MITE (Allodermanyssus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Heavy in 2 College Park apartments in Prince Georges County, Much annoyance and biting reported. Controls applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Thousands of adults taken from bases of cottonwood trees in many Delta - counties; confirmed from Washington, Sunflower, and Bolivar Counties. Also taken from ground trash surrounding fields in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - MISSOURI - Recovered from alfalfa fields in Bates and Jasper Counties December 28, 1972, by R.E. Munson. These are new county records. (Munson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MARYLAND - Five egg masses recovered near Hagerstown, Washington County, November 24, 1972, by C. Staines. Egg masses also recovered near Darlington, Harford County, by M. Williams December 6, 1972. Determined by D.M. Weisman. These are new county records. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DETECTION New County Records - GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) MARYLAND - Washington, Harford (p. 52). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) MISSOURI - Bates, Jasper (p. 52). ap alas HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) trace on 12-inch sweet corn at Waimanalo, Oahu. Counts ranged 0-3 nymphs and/or adults per whorl. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) light on soybeans at Waimanalo. Two of 14 adults bore eggs of Trichopoda pennipes (a tachina fly). Young larvae of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light on lettuce ready to harvest at Koko Head Oahu; damage Light to 1-3 older leaves on 2 percent of heads. Larvae heavy in green onions in same area; 20-30 percent of leaves damaged or infested. Trace in green onions at Pearl City. Beet armyworm, CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis), and IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) Tight on daikon at Koko Head, Damage light to moderate on 30 percent of leaves. All stages of GREEN- HOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light to moderate in Snap beans at Waimanalo Oahu; heavy in planting of cucumber seedlings in same area. Liriomyza spp. light on both crops; larval mines moderate on some older snap bean leaves. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) remained light on 100+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; light colonies on 10-30 percent of pinnae on many young fronds. Lindorus lophanthae Telsimia nitida, and Pseudoscymnus anomolus (lady beetles) light on infested pinnae. (Kawamura). Forest and Shade Trees - An ADELGID (Pineus pini) light on 6 acres of Pinus spp. at Waikii,*Hawaii; moderate on 30+ trees. (Matayoshi). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(1-4):6 - ICHNEUMON WASPS - MISSOURI - Bathyplectis curculionis should read Bathyplectes curculionis. CEIR 23(1-4):6 —- IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (Solenopsis spp.) - GEORGIA - S. invicta in Haralson County should read: "Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by D.R. Smith." CEIR 23(1-4):6 - WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - All determinations except Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, should read: "Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by R.E. Warner." Natchitoches Parish determined by R.E. Warner. CEIR 23(1-4):8 - New County and Parish Records - Line 6: ICHNEUMON WASPS - Bathyplectis curculionis should read Bathyplectes curculionis. = OSM = Otiorhynchus versus Brachyrhinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) The following recent ruling of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature concerning the genus which in North America has been known as Brachyrhinus should be noted (Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, Vol. 29, Part 1, May 1972:19). The generic name Brachyrhinus Latreille, 1802, is suppressed and placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology. The generic name Otiorhynchus Germar, 1824, is placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. According to the ruling the name to be used for the species in North America is the generic name, Otiorhynchus. The species should be cited as follows: Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus Otiorhynchus cribricollis Gyllenhal desertus Rosenhauer ligustici (Linnaeus) ligneus (Olivier) meridionalis Gyllenhal ovatus (Linnaeus) porcatus (Herbst) raucus (Fabricius) rugifrons (Gyllenhal) rugosostriatus (Goeze) scaber (Linnaeus) singularis (Linnaeus) Sulcatus (Fabricius) Three of the above named species are listed in the Common Names of Insects Approved by the Entomological Society of America, December 1970. They are Brachyrhinus ligustici (L.), Brachyrhinus ovatus (L.), and Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.). These species should now be listed as: Otiorhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus) .... alfalfa snout beetle Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linnaeus) .... strawberry root weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) .... black vine weevil Rose Ella Warner Systematic Entomology Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA c/o U.S. National Museum Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. 23(6):54, 1973 ar 5ytk Ins. Rpt. Status of the European Corn Borer in I972~ Introduction: Surveys to determine the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)) in the fall of 1972 were conducted by cooperating agencies in 14 States. All survey data, summaries, or records of field observations were processed by the Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff in Hyattsville, Maryland. The 1972 European corn borer survey was conducted during late summer and early fall. The survey is designed to measure the fall populations of European corn borer larvae and is conducted during a favorable time to include a high percentage of late instars, wherever possible. Except for some minor differences in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were followed in all cases. The survey was continued on a district basis whenever possible in 1972. A district is usually a group of counties within a State, in most cases based on Crop Reporting Districts. New Distribution: European corn borer was reported for the first time in 8 west-central counties in Kansas. There was no new distribution reported in any of the other States already known to be infested. Abundance: Fall populations of European corn borer decreased in 9 of the 10 North Central States reporting in the survey. The population in southeast North Dakota increased. Decreases also were recorded in Delaware and Michigan, while populations in Maryland and Kentucky remained at the same levels recorded in the fall of 1971. The fall European corn borer survey in Illinois indicated the lowest second-generation population since the survey was begun in the State in 1943. In only one county, Henderson in the west district, was the average more than 100 borers per 100 plants. In Jasper County, in east-southeast Illinois, where the average was 388 borers per 100 plants in 1971, the average for 1972 was 9.6 borers per 100 plants. The decrease in Indiana is not as ‘significant as it appears. A comparison with the averages for the past 10 years shows that the 1972 population is not much lower than normal. The 1971 State average for Indiana was high. In Iowa, not only was there a marked decrease in the European corn borer population, but the number of infested plants decreased nearly 50 percent. These decreases in Iowa can be attributed primarily to unfavorable weather during periods of egg laying for the first and second larval generations. I7 Survey data provided by State agricultural agencies. Data |/cCompiled and summarized by Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, Animal and |Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. i me taloyeen The fall European corn borer populations in Kansas showed decreases in the percent of plants infested and in the number of borers per 100 plants. The western districts of Kansas were included for the first time in 1972, making the survey statewide in scope. Fall population average increased in southeast North Dakota. Decreases were noted in Cass, Dickey, and Sargent Counties, but increases were recorded in Richland and Ransom Counties. The European corn borer fall population in Michigan was heaviest in the southwest district (District 3) in 1972 compared to the southeast district (District 2) am VOT, The European corn borer population in Delaware decreased from 358 borers per 100 plants in 1971 to 186 in 1972, but remained the same in Maryland. = 5 6% *peA2SAINS S}OTAZSTp uo paeseq SeseIeAe peiYysTom Jat G8 POT c 0zZ gs S (ad POL c uesTyoTW I9u0 9€ c€ = v 9€ T 8 Se T AyonzUsy uzroyzNnog ee 6h /T edereay el ILb QL VSP el TBqVOL GZ LG et 0S SZ 6 ZS LS 6 UTSUOOSTM ve EL S 0S EE c ae €L c oTUO OFT O€T if S OPT I c Ost I 21O4eq Y}ION 99 10% g SZ 99 G GZ lop c eyseiqen SOL Tel L eh SOT L ge Iel L TAnosstW ZS 66 L ve Zs L ve 66 jh 2] OSOUUTI &Z PS 9 og og 6 og oS 9 sesuey vs Ize ZI 66 7S ral 66 Ize ZI emo] 1% 00T ZI Z6 LZ ZI 26 O0T ZI euetpul ee 8Z1 6 cP ee 6 oF 8ZI 6 STOUTTII TerzzUue) YFION PPL O&Z /[L e3eroay v CSI v 61 v TeqvOL 101 ZOT € Zr LOT € 91 ZOT € puey Arey 98T 8SE T fa 98T T € 8SE 1 oTehel od uIo Seq ZL6EL IL6L :ZTequnN:peseAang: siuetd OOT: poekeaang:pekoaang: sj,uetTd OOT: pefkaaang: so7e19 S1UCId OOL ted SATOT0g : :SetzuNoD: ad 1SZTOTIIYSTG: Setzunog): Log > SZOTIISTG: : i oeTOL TON szozog fo: JO ‘ON: JO ‘ON: Ssioaz0g jo: JO °ON: Sivek YyOG pokosAang > “ON OSeTOAy: g : “ON OSeTOAYy: g SetTyunoD IO S}OTIZSTGC SeTGereduo L6L : TL6T TL61 2OF eed YIM potedwop ‘Zx6T FO T1leaA ‘usOD ut eouepunqy ite10g us0DQ uvodoang Fo sazeig Aq ATeuuMsS “°T STQeL 57 Table 2 - European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn Fall of 1972, Compared with Data for 1971 State Average Number: State Average Number (Districts of Borers Per (Districts of Borers Per or Counties) 100 Plants or Counties) 100 Plants 1971 1972: 1971 1972 Delaware Iowa (Agr. Expt. Sta.) (State Dept. Agr.; Ext. Ser.; Ent. Dept., Iowa New Castle 157 91 State Univ., PESS, Kent 427 223 ARS, USDA). Sussex 489 245 Average 358 186 District I 319 50 District II 436 33 Illinois District III 155 43 (Natural History Survey, District IV 413 47 Ext. Ser.) District V 564 56 District VI 180 45 Northwest 169 taite) District VII 443 35 Northeast 89 14 District VIII 426 55 West 108 84 District IX 340 34 Central 67 17 District X 209 55 East 109 25 District XI 217 80 West-southwest 112 10 District XII 153 109 East-southeast 135 ilk ans ee Southwest 178 47 Average 321 54 Southeast 239 9 rae lari Kansas Average 128 1/ 33 1/ (Ins. Sur.) Indiana Northeast 70 50 (Extemiser.),. Expt. Sita...) North Central 70 40 East Central ALi kak 30 Nor th-nor thwest 180 44 Central 32 8 North-northcentral 102 20 Southeast 34 23 Nor th-northeast ILL e/ 63 South Central 4 trace Northwest 106 18 Northwest 2/ - 30 North Central 107 24 West Central 2/ - 20 Northeast 108 38 Southwest 2/ — - 6 Southwest 78 9 7; ra South Central 88 10 Average 54 23 Southeast 101 13 South-southwest 91 25 Kentucky South-southcentral 74 18 Cinstmour.)s South-southeast 47 41 ener Te Surveyed counties 35 36 Average 100 27 1/ Average based on comparable counties surveyed in 1971 and 1972, rather than districts. 2/ Surveyed for first time in 1972. 08 = 9ST/T62-602 - ZL6T Odd SN *svaie MOTTAL 04 peaow JI s4uamartnbeat qyuied pue uoTzyeoTJ T4199 Wors yduexe ete SaTOTyAe peze[nsel TIy (7) *sjucuaTTnher YTuIed pues UOT eOTJT71100 wWory Ydwexe aie syueTd pe}eUusTseap OF PaAOCW puUe SaTOTYSA petaaod ut peyzodsuery JT suweqhos (£) *squetiert~nber yTuIed pues uot, LeOTJTZA90 wor Yduwexe s~ AB peZzTYEeTTed (2) *szUculeI—Tnbal YTmIed puwe UOT BOT JT VIE0 WOIJ YduEXe a8 Si{UusweITNbel sates pees ueTpeuBg JO 31819 oom 04 pouBaToO suseqtos pue ‘pees aseioy pue sseid ‘(faT1eq pus S780 q4deoxe) suyerd [Teg (T) punoi-isexy (4) saazy, seumstauy outg uetaisny pue ‘pez ‘uoio00g {| ~— | SALVLS G3L944d4V HLIM ONILVWYAd009 JYNLINDIYOV 4O LNANWLYVd3a0 VGVNVO GNV SWVYSO"d ANILNVYVND GNV NOILOSLOYd LNW1d JDIAYAS NOILOAdSNI HLTVW3H LNVW1d GNV IVWINY JYNLINIIYOVW JO INAWLYVd3a ‘S'N SAINILNVYVNO 37135358 43v3a7 1Vv3Y99 "MO113A OLNI G3Y WOUYS S3IDILYV GALVINDIY 4O LNAWSAOW NO GASOdWI SNOILOIYLSAY ON “2 ‘(ASYSASY AAS) SGOIYWAd NIVLYSD ONIYNG 1d359X3 ‘ALIHM HONOYHL YO OLNI G3Y¥ WO SATOILYV GALVINDAY JO LNAWSAOW SHL NO GaSOdWI 3YV SNOILOIYLSSY ‘1 G3IGIAONd SAIDIAYIS AYOLVINGIY ANVSSIOIN Gy “SNOLLVIND3Y NVIGYNVD GNV ‘TVH3034 “Jivis Ga Zz ae 2 ‘s3191L yy =) par ee —— é Q31v1N9ay ONIAOW YO4s SLNAWANINDAY GN ea A eee TS) So NOILVIN93Y YAQNN SW3auV ONIGYVDaY 3 ONVISISSY : Seen fen ae Sees 4YO4 391440 NOISIAIG NOILD3LOYd LNVId i Ve oe | ee 1S3YVIN YNOA ‘VAVNVO NI ‘ONY LN39”V ALNNOD wont |e, Bes 2% Sent — fs] 2 YNOA YO HYOLDAdSNI NOILDSLONd LNVId IvHaaa4 el ea poems Sel YO 3LVLS YNOA LINSNOD ‘S3Lvis G3LINN 3HL NI ere lies =eaee ay aaron ws000V808 Vy n1e a El ZL6L ‘OZ HASOLIO GASIASY ey aoa Be Soe) Sa wo, on L*0,,) sos rer 714 We gaHioe Ae er) % O75" se ‘7 C wand \ worse ny = > pe 2. Mong Bin 1%, 4 4) ¥ not may sot a : nvwing wes aiaro f3 foo = iis! 3s a 182 @yiON?)] Bast) ysnx¥? Fu wave \ ed ~ posse ‘ ses Mos ~ fs LSA awe lo co ~& an, gj fs eon eer on Sp nerr fe sua) aos Pa Bec ; <— one Kiwos7® aks ume forTansosi Pay \\ » 5 by myo) * Aa Vsan0? |i yesen ae FP ussuv a Vaan©? | ys ‘ \ Ry xs 23003) eS nruuy - ay 7” os fe - 9, SF oh z fi 41028 Ze ee Spee SO Vr sar ~ 7 ¥ seat at asm Zc a 3 Z “2 ? Nos rs. ine ae 4134310) | oh voan awa % . % 3) * ‘i owns] ania 4 , z IN| ere 44) senna] 7) 1 eee e 1 yoo) \ avin " osson\asriiaa) A uiue/ 7 punoi-189aj punot-189f gc Areniqay-T eune GT Axenuee-T ABW punoi-189f TE YOUBET ysnsny punor-189X O€ Tequaaon-T sung POST WOTTeoT IT TIED (q) 1999TT WUT, pus zeppog (_) Ateupyouy Suyysearey pasn (q) ABH Uste_ pue waezzS (_) (2) (eq ysrem ydaoxe) Key (1)*(T) peeg a8erog pue sseip (1) UIOO YoemMS UBYY JeyXo ‘uIOD seq (7) (UIOD Yooms) ZoxIEW Ysery (peyeTNdar LON ST WOO paTTeus) wro9 (1 )°(T) 4Beum pue 68400 ‘aTaeg se yons super) TTsUuS STSTILY IG AoIy *SMOTIOd SV TUV SGOLWAd NOLLVOLAILUAO UIAHL GNV SHIOILYV GaLVInoGHY Table 2 (Continued) State Average Number: State :Average Number (Districts of Borers Per : (Districts :of Borers Per or Counties) 100 Plants : or Counties) : 100 Plants 1971 1972: BuO Maryland Missouri (Agr. Ext. Ser.; Ins. G@xtiser.. ins: Sur.) Sure ie Eastern Shore 104 120 District I 151 129 Southern area 58 22 District II 165 166 Central and Western District III 147 114 areas 112 101 District IV 123 58 oa wm District V 129 83 Average 102 3/ 101 3/ District VI 98 99 mt me District VII 78 59 Michigan District IX YG 132 (ins. Sur.) Ear aay Average TS 105 District 1 98 98 District 2 150 86 Nebraska District 3 100 117 (Agr. Expt. Sta.; Ext. District 4 89 78 Sexy, ins, sure District 5 80 57 ase ee Northeast 215 79 Average 106 4/ 85 4/ East 459 44 ce a Southeast 297 55 Minnesota Central 527 72 (State Dept. Agr.) South 509 _82 Southwest 102 67 Average 401 66 South Central 171 22 Southeast 95 30 North Dakota West Central 179 131 (State Dept. Agr.) Central 61 42 East Central 40 44 Southeast 130 140 Northwest 44 29 en our Ohio Average 99 52 (Ext. Ser.; ARS, USDA) Northwestern 117 43 West Central 55 If Central 28 11 Southwestern 51 13 3/ Average based on county averages Northeastern UL. 4 ~ yrather than district averages. en aa Average 67 18 4/ Averages based on field averages ~ rather than district averages. US) BY 24 5/ Average based on counties surveyed. oS BY) = Table 2 (Continued) State Average Number: State :Average Number (Districts of Borers Per : (Districts :of Borers Per or Counties) 100 Plants : or Counties) : 100 Plants 1971 1972 : O71 OMmoaE Wisconsin Wisconsin (State Dept. Agr.). (Continued ) Northwest 59 30 South Central 42 30 North Central 16 24 Southeast 83 50 West Central 129 25 East Central 26 26 Central 39 13 Northeast iS 6 Southwest 105 20 Ses ile Average 57 25 60 e= pepeys ou | seore IO aTqe[TeAe €L6L Atenaqeg ore fos aTaviTEne FFVIS yYA0ddng [eotuyosay, pue AsAang 4Sseq Aq peredeig IeAO pues TOS OOE-L0G 00z¢-TOL OOT-O sjuetd 001 tad Lt 4 s, £04 CL6L 1174 JINVGNNGY AwIxyOd NAOD NWAdOwns 61 ELET ‘29-SS:(9)2e se +4dy ‘suy ‘uoog *dooo -ady *3deaq *s"n ome ZL6T NI GaLYOdaY wAYOR NYOD NvadoOund HOIHA NI ie, ee as et a 3 ll @ dew Y3AYOE NYOO eL6t Arenaqeg yyeYS yasoddns TeoTuyooL pue AeAang 359d Aq poredaig Peed E mal | 25 arte & peer yy yy ier Y NVadO0unNSs = 62 ALFALFA WEEVIL Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) Selected References 1926-1964 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Aleeva, M. N. 1953. Alfalfa weevil. Priroda 41(7):116. In Rus. App, B. A. 1955. The alfalfa weevil in the East. Ent. Soc. Amer. N. Cent. Br. Proc. 10:54-55. Baccetti, B. 1960. The Phytonomus species that damage forage legumes in Italy. Florence Sta. di Ent. Agr. Nota pratica N. B44 BA joj)5 el dwerite Bennett, S. E., Stanley, W. W., and Mullett, R. P. 1959. Alfalfa weevil invades upper east Tennessee. Tenn. Farm and Home Sci. Prog. Rpt. 32:10-11. Blackburn, N. D. 1958. Some present aspects of alfalfa weevil control. Alfalfa Improvement Conf. Rpt. 16:106-108. Blair, B. D. and Treece, R. E. 1962. The alfalfa weevil in Ohio. Ohio State Univ. Agr. Ext. Serv. Leaf. 105. 4p.-folder. Bray, D. F. and MacCreary, D. 1962. Delaware's recommendations for alfalfa weevil control fall 1962. Del. Univ. Agr. Ext. Serv. Folder 57, rev. 5p.-folder. Campbell, W. V. and Bowery, T. G. 1960. Granular heptachlor: R for alfalfa weevils. Res. and Farming 18(4):3. Dogger, J. R., Farrier, M. H., and Bowery, T. G. 1957. Chemicals control new alfalfa pests! The alfalfa weevil. Res. and Farming 16(1):8. Entomology Research Branch. 1955. The alfalfa weevil. U.S. Dept. Agr. Picture Sheet 28. 2 pp. Entomology Research Branch. Agricultural Research Service. 1956. The alfalfa weevil. How to control it. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaf. 368. 8 pp., rev. Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service. 1958. The alfalfa weevil. How to control it. U.S. Dept Agr. Leaf. 368. 8 pp. Evans, W. G. 1959. The biology and control of the alfalfa weevil in Virginia. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 502. 28 pp. Farstad, C. W. 1955. The alfalfa weevil. Canada Expt. Farms Serv. West. Forage Crops Conf. Rpt. 7:1-4. Gates, L. M. 1936. Recent developments in regard to alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 29(5):947-953. - 63 - Guest, R. T. 1961. Alfalfa weevil. N.J. State Agr. Col. Ext. Serv. Leaf. 294. 2 pp. Hamlin, J. C. and Coauthors. 1949. Field studies of the alfalfa weevil and its environment. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 975. 84 pp. Hamlin, J. C., McDuffie, W. C., and Lieberman, F. V. 1949. Alfalfa weevil distribution and crop damage in the United States. Us. Dept. Act Canc ol ore. 2) apps Hamlin, J: €., MeDuffize, W. €., Lieberman, F. V., and Bunny Rea 1943. Prevention and control of alfalfa weevil damage. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bul. 1930. 13 pp. Hansen, H. L. and Dorsey, C. K. 1958. Alfalfa weevil control in West. Virginia. oW. Va... Univ... AgrevExpt. Sta. Cin) 10422 9 ppe Hastings, E. 1960. Evaluation of insect losses. The alfalfa weevil: an example. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 6(2):86-87. Hastings, E. and Corkins, J. P. 1953. Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gy11:)=. Mont.: State Coll. Ext. Leaf. 4— rev. -4 pp: Hastings, E. and Pepper, J. H. 1951. Aerial and ground application of insecticides for pre-season control of alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 44(1):9-13. Hastings, E. and Pepper, J. H. 1952. Early spray applications to control alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 45(4):707-711. Hitchcock, O. B. 1947. Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gy): Mont. State Coll. Ext. Ser. A-63. 4 pp. Hobbs, G..A., Nummi;) W. O., and-Virostek, J. F. 1959. Histony7of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Alberta. Canad. Ent. 91(9):562-565. Hyman, J. and Company. 1947. Direct control of grasshoppers, lygus bug--alfalfa weevil chlordane. Julius Hyman and Co., Tech. Sup. 201. 4 pp. Hyman, J. and Company. 1948. Direct control of grasshoppers, alfalfa weevil--lygus bugs chlordane. Julius Hyman and Co., Tech. Sup. 201A. 4 pp. Jancke, O. 1951. Der luzerneblattnager als kartoffelschadling. Anz. f£. Schadlingsk. 24(4):53-55. Knowlton, G. F. 1948. Alfalfa weevil damage to onions and beans. Jo vConacent. 41 GD) LS. Knowlton, G. F. 1954. Alfalfa weevil control. Utah State Agr. Gol ehxt. (Cire 213). 320 pp Knowlton, G. F. 1959. Alfalfa weevil control. Utah State Univ., Logan Ext. Serv. Leaf. 54. 4p.-folder. —- 64 = Knowlton, G. F., Lieberman, F. V., and Snow, S. J. 1951. Alfalfa weevil control. Utah State Agr. Coll. Ext. Bul. 220. 2 pp. Larrimer, W. H. and Reeves, G. I. 1929. The alfalfa weevil in alfalfa meal. J. Econ. Ent. 22(3):491-495. Lieberman, F. V. and Knowlton, G. F. 1955. Alfalfa weevil control. Utah State Agr. Coll. Ext. Cir. 213. 2 pp. Lieberman, F. V. and Snow, S. J. 1950. Control of alfalfa weevil in hay alfalfa with DDT dust. J. Econ. Ent. 43(3):374-376. Manglitz, G. R. and App, B. A. 1958. The alfalfa weevil in the eastern United States. Farm Chem. 121(4):16-18. Melamed-Madjar, V. 1962. Bionomics of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera variabilis Hbst.) in Israel. Israel J. Agr. Res. 12(1):29-38. Merrill, L. G., Jr. 1955. Alfalfa weevil. N.J. Agr. Coll. Ext. Leaf. 125. 2 pp. Michelbacher, A. E. 1940. Further notes on Bathyplectes curculionis and the alfalfa weevil in lowland middle California. J. Econ. Ent. 33(6) :892-895. Michelbacher, A. E. and Essig, E. O. 1934. A progress report on the behavior of the alfalfa weevil in middle California, 1935. J. Econ. Ent. 27(6):1119-1127. Michelbacher, A. E. and Essig, E. O. 1934. Report on alfalfa weevil investigation in California. J. Econ. Ent. 27(5):960- 966. Mickle, G. T. and Daniels, L. B. 1961. Control alfalfa weevil. Colo. State Univ. Ext. Serv. Bul. 453-A. 6 pp. Neunzig, H. H., Koehler, C. S., and Gyrisco, G. G. 1955. The alfalfa weevil in New York. Ent. Soc. Ontario Ann. Rpt. 86: 103. Newton, J. H. 1926. Status of the alfalfa weevil in Colorado. J. Econ. Ent. 19(2):371-376. Newton, J. H. and Mickle, G. T. 1952. Control alfalfa weevil. Colo. Agr. Coll. Ext. Cir. 128-A, rev. 8 pp. Nizi, G. 1958. Saving alfalfa from attacks of Phytonomus. Prog. Agr. 4(8):1008-1010. In Ital. Opyrchalowa, J. 1957. Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) comme insecte nuisible a la luzerne en Silésie. 26(23):331-365. In Pol. Packard, C. M. 1945. Alfalfa weevil control. Hoard's Dairyman 90(21) :656. (NG) Poinar, G. O., Jr., and Gyrisco, G. G. 1962. A new mermithid parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). J. Insect Path. 4(2):201-206. Poinar; G. O., Jr., and Gyriseo, G..G. 1964. Effect of light von the behavior of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 57(2):213-215. Pradhan, S., Jotwani, M. G., and Rai, B. K. 1960. Comparative toxicity of some insecticides to the grubs of Hypera variabilis (Herbst.) (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Indian J. Ent. 22(1):60-62. Puttler, B. 1963. Notes on the biology of Hemiteles graculus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 56(6):857-859. Quinton, R. J. 1959. The alfalfa weevil. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 26.2)15.- -6pp Reeves, G. I. 1930. Transportation of the alfalfa weevil by railway cars. J. Econ. Ent. 23(2):329-331. Robertson, R. L. and Campbell, W. V. 1961. The alfalfa weevil and its control in North Carolina. N.C. State Agr. Coll. Ext. Serv. 204. 8p.-folder. Schmidt, H. A. 1957. Ein massenauftreten des luzerneblattnagers an Ssommerwicken. Nachrbl. f. den Deut. Pflanzenschutzdienst PECL) 3200-2161 - Snow, S. J. 1928. Effect of ovulation upon seasonal history in the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 21(5):752-761. Stanley, W. W., Hardin, :L. J.,; Bennett, S. E., and Sarten, (@; f- 1961. Heptachlor applied in the fall controls alfalfa weevil without residue. Tenn. Farm and Home Sci. Prog. Rpt. 39:12- LES y Sweetman, H. L. 1932. Further studies of the physical ecology of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera posticus (Gyllenhal). J. Econ. Ent. 25(3) :681-693. Tippins, H. H. 1961. The alfalfa weevil in Georgia. Ga. Agr. Res. 2(4) :6-7. Tombes, A. S. 1964. Seasonal changes in the reproductive organs of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculi- onidae), in South Carolina. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 57(4) :422- 426. Vogt, E. 1953. Experiment on the control of Phytonomus variabilis (lucerne leaf beetle) by means of dusting agents. Hdfchen- Briefe 6(3):178-180. Walstrom, R. J. 1959. Granulated insecticides for alfalfa weevil control. Amer. Bee J. 99(5):195-196. - 66 - Walstrom, R. J. 1961. Desirable characteristics for granular insecticides for alfalfa weevil control in South Dakota. Ent. Soc. Amer. N. Cent. Br. Proc. 16:25. Walstrom, R. J. and Hantsbarger, W. M. 1959. Granular insecticides for alfalfa weevil control. Recent studies widen the range of possibilities in the use of granular insecticides. S. Dak. Farm and Home Res. 10(4):6-9. Weihing, R. M. 1947. Growing better alfalfa and weevil control in Colorado. West. Colo. Hort. Soc. Trans. 5:125, 127-129. Weiss, H. B. 1952. Hypera postica (Gyll.) reaches New Jersey (Col.). Ent. News 63(10):272. (Philadelphia). U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22 (44) :742-746, 1973 Weather of the week continued from page 49. Thundershowers occurred over the Southeast. Winds over the Great Plains gusted to 45 m.p.h. Weekend rains fell in California and the intermountain region. Also over much of the area east of the Mississippi River. TEMPERATURE: Cold Canadian air pushed into the Southern States early in the week. Blustery winds made the chill seem more severe. San Antonio, Texas, registered 20 degrees Monday morning January 29. It was also cold in the West. Evenston, Wyoming, and Alamosa, Colorado, recorded 18 degrees below zero Monday morning. As Canadian air continued to pour across our northern border tempera- tures continued to tumble. The mercury at Duluth, Minnesota, reached 10 degrees Tuesday morning and Lebanon, New Hampshire, recorded -14 degrees. Jack Frost visited central Florida Tuesday and Wednesday mornings. Jacksonville registered 27 degrees Tuesday and 30 degrees Wednesday. Strong southerly winds warmed the Great Plains and the Mississippi River Valley. The tempera- ture Tuesday afternoon reached 61 degrees at Rapid City, South Dakota, and 60 degrees at Springfield, Missouri, the cold continued in the Northeast. Saranac Lake, New York, registered 27 degrees below zero Wednesday morning. Cold weather invaded the Southeast over the weekend. Minimums at Macon, Georgia, were 63 degrees on February 2 and 30 degrees on the fourth. The central Rocky Mountains also turned colder. Alamosa, Colorado, registered -24 degrees Saturday morning. Temperatures averaged warmer than normal except in the Southeast. Most of the northern Great Plains averaged more than 15 degrees warmer than normal. fe Pete a awoue weirs - a ¢ i woeka SVAN Ie HOM fra Tul Tae ies. wie ae sit Brie maskin RTM ie U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 CCO1 i SS VOL. 23 NO. 7 February 16, 1973 Poe S72 $23 in Jas < Gag LAT. Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 February 16, 1973 Number 7 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG active, but light, in small grains in Texas and Oklahoma. WINTER GRAIN MITE caused some damage to small grains in Texas, some controls applied. (p. 71). ALFALFA WEEVIL active in Oklahoma, EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL active Adar One. (ps) 10 1 )s. GREEN PEACH APHID building up on lettuce in Salt River Valley of Arizona. CABBAGE LOOPER egg laying increased in same area. (p. 71). During period January 29 through February 3, no laboratory confirmed cases of SCREWWORM reported in continental U.S. This is first week in more than 12 months in which no cases have been reported in the Southwest. (p. 73). Prediction BAGWORM expected to be heavy in Tennessee during 1973. (p. 72). Detection An ADELGID reported for first time in Maryland. (p. 72). For new county records see page 74. Special Reports BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey for fall 1972 shows average number of weevils entering hibernation was lower than in fall 1971 in all areas surveyed in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. (pp. 75-78). Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii - 1972. (pp. 79-82). Japanese Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending February 9 unless other- wise indicated. LF EOw © CONTENTS Specialy Insects) jot Regional silo niltvcanCekucereleleisencicneenene re Lie (al. Insects Affecting SIME IEIL. Greens. 6 G66 oo0'oo0 bo oF (is Ornamental skys cc cece ae. 72 Forage Legumes...........-./l Forest and Shade Trees..... Ee, General Vegetables....... siete oManiwand) sAmsimaalisk sien. 0'60.00.0 6 es Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..72 Benetenentaw: MENS eS CCS cereale /clcreelels SoocoodadngGauoDO DD OOOO SG G0Oodg00006C 74 Federal and’ State Plant: Protection, Programs... 4 6.66 + neo ee T4 Hawai Eisect sRepor ten... sho core weirs dies Big Slelené oShe o Seabaeietepene SONA IDS IGEXGeaLevel aay 5 Go u1o-b OO G.0m Do 00-00 6.6 OO. Gh0-O.00 GLO DO HiD-O10l0. 01g 06 66:0 00-4 01010 o .. 04 COLrPeS CUTOMS eye forsee sel on sueh clade eneueusCeMenenersusite SOOO tat OOD OG 6.00 0-6.0'0-0 ~ 24 Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey - Fall 1972............. 3s as tenees Ce) Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii - 1972....... ee so Japanese Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-FEBRUARY TO MID-MARCH 1973 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-February to mid-March is for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the gulf coast region as well as the middle and south Atlantic Coast States. Above normal averages are indicated for the northern and central Plains, the northern Mississippi Valley, the Pacific coast, and the southern Plateau. Elsewhere near normal tempera- tures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Atlantic Coast States, the east gulf coast region, and central and southern portions of both the West Coast States and the Plateau region. Subnormal totals are indicated for eastern portions of the northern and central Plains, the upper Mississippi Valley and the Rio Grande Valley. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. 70). SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Ranged 2-10 per row foot in Wilbarger, Foard, Archer, and Wichita Counties. Increased, but still light, in some fields in Motley, Knox, Haskell, and Throckmorton Counties. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 per 10 linear feet in scattered wheatfields in southern Cotton and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SMALL GRAINS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light in Rolling Plains area. Populations in some Haskell County small grain fields ranged 5-100 per row foot with light to moderate leaf damage noted. Light in Knox, Throckmorton, Wilbarger, Foard, and Archer Counties; ranged 2-8 mites per drilled row foot. Scattered oat fields infested in north-central area near Denton County. Some controls applied before last rains; treatments ceased due to unfavorable weather. (Boring, Turney). FORAGE LEGUMES PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 2-6 per square foot on established alfalfa. Ranged 25-30 per square foot in new alfalfa field in Carlsbad, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa averaged as follows: Yuma County - Dome Valley 2,600, Gila Valley 1,200, Yuma Valley 1,400, Roll Valley 300, Wellton Valley 300, Yuma Mesa 400; Maricopa County 500. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County averaged as follows: Dome Valley 25, Gila Valley 20, Yuma Valley 15, Roll Valley zero, Wellton Valley 35, Yuma Mesa 50. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA — Egg counts per square foot by county: January 26 - Mayes 118; Nowata 154; Washington (3 fields) 171, 274, and 308; Osage 43. January 31 - Payne 43. February 2 - Stephens, ranged 22-239. Some active adults seen in Payne and Tulsa Counties February 3 and 4. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Fall egg counts averaged 44 per square foot in Perry County and 22 per square foot in Cape Girardeau County, in south- east area; ranged 11-35 per square foot in central area. (Huggans). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County averaged as follows: Dome Valley 20, Gila Valley 20, Yuma Valley 30, Roll Valley 30, Wellton Valley zero, Yuma Mesa 80. Eggs found in alfalfa stems in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Building up on lettuce in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. Some fields treated iwuMa County... (Ariz... ‘Coop: “Sur. )). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Egg laying increased on lettuce in Salt River Valley of Maricopa County. Treatment of lettuce continued in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BEM Rite DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Prespray counts ranged 6-8 per tap in Meford area pear orchards in Jackson County; indicates slightly heavier than usual overwintering population. Spraying began February 3, by midweek 1,000-1,500 acres treated. (Berry). Eggs developing in the Hood River area of Hood River County; no oviposition noted. Population levels normal. (Zwick). ORNAMENTALS BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TENNESSEE - Random sampling for overwintering eggs in Davidson County showed heavy egg laying in fall 1972. Heavy population expected in 1973. Unusual finds of overwintering pupae noted during sampling. Only eges of this pest previously known to overwinter. A male moth was reared from an overwintered pupa in Knox County April 1972. If pupae overwintered in State, spring mating may result, causing additional problems in future control of this pest. (Williams etoades) A PSYLLID (Gyropsylla ilicis) - ALABAMA - Nymphs heavy in leaf galls and damaging Yaupon holly at Mobile Municipal Auditoriun, Mobile County. Collected by F.J. Subirats and determined by L.M. Russell. This is first report from Mobile County since 1879. (Munson). AN ADELGID (Adelges tsugae) - MARYLAND - Established infestation found on 25-foot ornamental hemlock near Sunderland, Calvert County. Aphids appeared to be all immatures. Specimens collected February 9, 1973, by W. Gaiser. Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - FLORIDA - All stages collected from Burford holly at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County, January 30, 1973, by G.P. Lamb. This is a new county record. Gila Coops suns). ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - All stages of Lepidosaphes maskelli collected from 10 of 100 juniper plants checked at Punta Gorda January 30, 1973. All stages of Carulaspis minima collected from arborvitae at nursery in Port Charlotte, January 20, 1973. All stages of Phenacaspis cockerelli light on 3 of 6 Magnolia grandifolora in nursery at Punta Gorda January 30, I973. All collections by G.P. Lamb. These are 3 new county records for Charlotte ‘County-. -(Fla.-Coop# Sur.) FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Estimates for 1972 indicate loss of 25.6 thousand cords of pulp wood and 5.6 million board feet of saw timber. With stumpage value of 5 dollars per cord for pulp wood and 35 dollars per million board feet, represents loss of $324,000. Much of killed timber salvageable. (Hunt). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Estimates for 1972 indicate loss of 2,200 trees valued at stumpage figure of five dollars per cord for pulp wood; an estimated $8,000 loss. Figure very conservative, since much loss occurred in urban areas. (Hunt). a 7/ OFS DEODAR WEEVIL (Pissodes nemorensis) - MISSISSIPPI - Leader damage evident to 15-foot loblolly pines in Oktibbeha, Winston, and Noxubee Counties. Larvae active under bark. (Robinson). NORTHERN PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes approximatus) - KENTUCKY - Heavy in Scotch pines in Fayette County. (Barnett). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - Eggs and first-instar larvae collected on wild plum and wild cherry at Gainesville, Alachua County, February 6 by L.A. Hetrick. First report of egg hatch for season. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - During period January 29 through February 3, there were no laboratory confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. This is the first week in over 12 months in which no cases have been reported in the Southwest. Total of 84 confirmed cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 41,008,000, all in Texas. Total of 172,192,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Numbers in backs of cattle at packing plants in Oklahoma County decreased sharply past 14 days. Indicates most larvae full grown and dropped from cattle to pupate. Grubs heavy in Pawnee County, moderate in Comanche County, light to moderate in Roger Mills Countyen (Okla. Coop. Sux). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Some active adults seen in Payne County February 4. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - ARKANSAS - Adult Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. active on warm nights past 14 days in southeast area. (Boyer). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), moderate to heavy on cattle in Nowata, Pawnee, Hughes, and Comanche Counties. Numbers increased rapidly in Comanche County. Light to moderate, but increasing, in Roger Mills County; light in Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) and H. eurysternus increased in north-central area near Denton and Dallas Counties. Treatments applied. (Turney). A SCAB MITE (Chorioptes bovis) - OREGON - Found in 2 small cattle herds in Warren area, Columbia County. Treatment planned for the 21 calves found infested. (Henkel). A HARDBACKED TICK (Ixodes pacificus) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually prevalent this season in most foothill areas in northern part of Sicate. (Cal. Coop. Rpt..)!. WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on horses in McCurtain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate in ears of cattle in most areas Of Roger Mills County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 7a BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - MISSOURI - This parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) recovered from alfalfa field in Grundy County February 1, 1973, by J.L. Huggans. This is a new county record. (Munson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - GEORGIA - Thirty adult workers taken from mound in pasture at Cedartown, Polk County, during October 1972 by J. Stowe. Adults (25) taken in Echols County by K. Davenport November 2, 1972, at location of timber company in southwest Howell. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by D.R. Smith. These are new county records. (PP). HAWAII INSECT REPORT Sorghum - Larvae of a PYRALID MOTH (Cryptoblabes pnidiella) moderate on mature heads in experimental sorghum planting at Ewa, Oahu. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnaba- rinus) heavy on mature snap beans at Waianae, Oahu. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light on same crop. Liriomyza spp. larval mines moderate in tomato seedlings, adults moderate. Greenhouse white- fly trace in young sweet pepper plants. At Waimanalo, Oahu, greenhouse whitefly increased in several snap bean plantings; ranged moderate to heavy despite repeated control applications. (Kawamura). Miscellaneous Pests - Total of 238 GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) specimens collected during January at Poipu, Kauai; none at Wahiawa. Surveillance and baiting continued. Aerial snail bait drops planned at Kahaluu, Hawaii, in attempt to contain this pest. (Sugawa, Yoshioka). DETECTION New State Record - AN ADELGID (Adelges tsugae) MARYLAND - Calvert County. (p72), . New County Records —- ARMORED SCALES - Lepidosaphes, Carulaspis minima, Phenacaspis cockerelli - FLORIDA - Charlotte (p. 72). CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) FLORIDA - Charlotte (p. 72). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) MISSOURI - Grundy (p. 74). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) GEORGIA - Polk, Echols (p. 74). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(1-4):7 - Forest and Shade Trees - Last line should read: ut levels past 2 months." (Kawamura). CEIR 23(6):67 - Credit in lower right corner should read: 23(6) :63-67, 1973, AN Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey Fall 1972 The fall collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per sample) were completed in three Southern States by State and Federal agencies to determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that went into hiber- nation. Three samples were taken at each location in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. In Mississippi, 45 samples were collected from 15 locations in each of 4 areas; each area was composed of 2 counties. Tate County replaced Monroe County in the Hill Section of Mississippi in 1970. Samples were collected at 45 locations in northeastern Louisiana: 20 locations in Madison Parish, 10 in Tensas Parish, and 5 each in East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. This is the fourth year trash samples have been collected in Richland Parish. In Texas, 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in 4 counties, with either 6 or 7 locations sampled in each county. The average number of boll weevils entering hibernation in the fall of 1972 was lower than in the fall of 1971 in all areas surveyed in Mississippi as well as in northeastern Louisiana and central Texas. Live boll weevils averaged 1,498 per acre of ground trash in Mississippi. This State average compares with 4,901 weevils per ACKC mM OMMn 2 902) an O70 3 Os: an l969R 2,768) in W968) and 6,304 in 1967. The previous low for the State was 2,091 weevils per acre in the fall of 1956, the year the present system of sampling for overwintering boll weevils was begun. Collections of wood trash in Mississippi were begun December 4 and completed December 13. Temperatures were high until late November. The first killing frost at Stoneville occurred November 23 when the temperature was 30 degrees. A total of 10.01 inches of rain was recorded at Stoneville during November. Most collections were made December 4, 5, and 6 and were reasonably dry. More rain prevented completion of collections until December 11 and 13. Part of Tate County and all but one location in Coahoma County were collected December 11 and 13 and were very wet. In the five-parish area surveyed in northeast Louisiana, live boll weevils averaged 2,510 per acre. Average counts per acre by parish were: Madison 3,670; Tensas 2,098; East Carroll 806; West Carroll 1,775; and Richland 1,128. In Madison Parish, where these records have been maintained for the past 37 years and the average number of weevils entering hibernation is 3,898, there are 18 years when the number of weevils was higher than in the fall of 1972 and 18 years when the number was less than in 1972. Collec- tions have been made for 17 years in Tensas Parish. In only two years has the number of weevils entering hibernation in the fall been less than the 2,098 weevils found in 1972. In East Carroll Parish where collections have been made for the past 16 years, the number of weevils entering hibernation has never been less than the 806 weevils found in fall 1972. Collections have been made in West Carroll Parish for the past five years. The average of 1,775 weevils found in 1972 compares with 8,551 weevils found per acre in 1971. Trash collections have been made in Richland fe — Parish for the past four years. The average of 7,905 weevils per acre in this parish compares with 1,128 weevils in the fall of 1972 and 6,292 weevils per acre in the fall of 1971. Collections of woods trash were made in northeast Louisiana from December 4 through December 8. Temperatures remained high in the area throughout November. The first killing frost occurred December 1, when the temperature reached a low of 30 degrees. The average minimum temperature during the collection period was 42 degrees with a low of 30 degrees recorded December 7. The average maximum temperature was 64 degrees. Only 0.17 was recorded in the area during this period, but a total of 9.80 inches was recorded from October 9 through December 4. Boll weevils averaged 743 per acre in Central Texas in the fall of 1972 compared with averages of 4,167 in 1971, 3,392 in 1970, 1,647 in 1969, 4,070 in 1968, and 4,942 in 1967. Fewer boll weevils entered hibernation in fall 1972 in Falls and McLennan Counties than in any year except 1963. In Limestone and Hill Counties, fewer weevils were found than in any of the previous 13 years. The area average was lower in fall 1972 than in any previous year except 1963. Favorable weather permitted an early harvest, stalk destruction, and farm cleanup. Collections of woods trash were made in Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties, Texas, between November 29 and December 19. The first killing frost occurred November 22. Cotton that had not been previously destroyed was killed by this freeze. (Pfrimmer, Cleveland et al., and C.B. Cowan). 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Central Delta (Washington and Leflore 1,296 54 Counties (area 2)). North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties 6,534 2,700 (area 3)). Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties 8,802 2,754 (area 4)). LOUISIANA Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East 6,131 2,510 Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes). TEXAS Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and 4,167 743 McLennan Counties). Uy EL6L ‘8L-SL: (4) EZ 2VdlT = SuT; UOom dOOs) Tams 2aiCkeyar OfS/ fg) YSer}, punorzs fo szro0e Iaed S[TTA9OM [TOG eATT = SsoIn3sty 78 GL6LT 'TIVA AHYAUNS NOILVNYAGIH TIARHM TIOG SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII - 1972 Detection Four species were reported as new to the United States. These were an ELATERID (Cardiophorus stolatus) on Oahu, a MESOSTIGMATID MITE (Hypoaspis nidicorva) on Hawaii, a PENTATOMID BUG (Eysarcoris ventralis) on Oahu, and a REDUVIID BUG (Ectomocoris biguttulus) on Oahu. DAYLILY THRIPS (Frankliniella hemerocallis) nymphs and adults were originally collected from Hemerocallis spp. at Honolulu, Oahu, in September 1969 by K. Sakimura. This thrips is primarily a leaf feeder, but also feeds under stipules and bracts on flower stalks. Its origin is believed to be Eurasian and is known to occur in Japan. Since 1948 it has been collected in Wisconsin, Florida, Maryland, and New York. Determined by K. Sakimura. This is a new State record. Other species recorded for the first time in Hawaii during 1972 were two CICADELLIDS (Carniocephala sagittifera and Graphocephala cythura) and a CERATOPOGONID MIDGE (Forcipomyia fusicornis), all collected on Hawaii Island. Corn CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) nymphs and adults were light in sweet and field corn plantings on Oahu during most of the year, and in 350 acres of corn and sorghum at Kilauea, Kauai, during June. Parasitism by Lysiphlebius testaceipes (a braconid wasp) and Aphelinus maidis (an aphelinid wasp) ranged 5-20 per- cent in all host situations. Turf, Pasutre, Rangeland GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larval activity was heavy during June and October in the Hana and Kipahulu areas on Maui, otherwise activity in the State remained generally trace and negligible in pastures, fairways, and other host situations. General Vegetables BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) larvae were heavy in lettuce beds at Hawaii Kai, Oahu, and in bulb onion plantings at Palaau, Molokai, during summer months. Subsequent incorportation of granular preplant insecticides in these fields apparently alleviated the problem. SWEETPOTATO LEAFMINER (Bedellia orchilella) larval mining was heavy in sweetpotato fields at Hoolehua, Molokai, during spring. Activity on Oahu was generally trace to light. Biological control by Apanteles bedelliae (a braconid wasp), introduced from Kansas in 1945 and 1947, is probably the major factor. TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) caused heavy losses for the second consecutive year in tomato fields on Maui. It was first reported on this island in February 1971 and continued to be a problem despite intensive chemical control. Heavy larval incidences were also reported at Pearl City, Oahu, -and Wailua, Kauai. - 719 - BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) on Oahu, where approximately 50 percent of the snap bean crop in the State is produced, was generally light in commercial plantings of this crop, soybeans and yardlong beans. Several reports of heavy infestations of snap bean and longbean yard plantings on Kauai and Maui were received, but in general were effectively controlled by Opius spp. (braconid wasps) and Halticoptera patellana (a pteromalid wasp). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) infestations in green onions on Oahu varied from light to heavy and, combined with leafminer damage, caused extensive losses. CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) was moderate to heavy in eggplant fields on Oahu, especially during summer months. Snap bean plantings were generally not as heavily infested as in previous years. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) increased in fields of green and bulb onions on Molokai and Maui. Numbers had been generally light throughout the State in previous years. Fruits and Nuts CLOUDYWINGED WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citrifolii) was collected from citrus foliage at Nawiliwili, Kauai, in December 1971, for a new island record. D. citrifolii was first reported in the State in 1966, and also occurs on Oahu and Hawaii. At Kahuku, Oahu, about 1,000 coconut trees damaged by heavy larval infestations of COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) during spring remained shoddy for the remainder of the year. Parasites were noticeably absent throughout periods of heavy populations. Heavy activity during June caused the same effect on 200+ trees at Kahe Point, Oahu, but these trees appear to be recovering. Larval activity on Kauai and Maui was generally light compared to 1971. First reports of adult CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio xuthus) sightings began in early February following 3 months of purported diapause. Larval activity and adult sightings increased steadily and peaked in late summer and early fall. By early November, marked inactivity indicated that this pest may have again gone into diapause. An adult specimen was taken in June from a lime tree at Poipu, Kauai, for a new island record, and by early fall had disseminated over most of the island. Forest and Shade Trees Infestation of a CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolina) was heavy in 20 acres of Pinus taeda at Olinda, Maui, during March and light on 1.5 acres of this host during June. Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) ranged light to heavy under loose bark and debris of kiawe and monkeypod trees. Light trap collections on Oahu indicated sharp peaks in adult populations during March, June, and October. General Pests CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) heavily damaged foliage of 30 roadside Erythrina sp. trees at Hana, Maui, during summer and caused moderate damage to Terminalia catappa saplings at Maunalei, Lanai, during early fall. Only isolated, moderate to heavy damage to sweet corn, broccoli, and edible ginger plantings on Oahu occurred during the year. COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infestations on coconut trees throughout Oahu ranged light to moderate, with colonies confined mostly to older fronds. - 80 - Colonies remained light and spotty on commercial plantings of papaya and banana. Nymphs and adults of Lindorus lophanthae and Telsimia nitida (lady beetles) occurred in most host situations, contributing directly to the limited activity of A. destructor. Pseudoscymnus anomolus (a lady beetle) purposely introduced from Guam in February 1970 to aid in the control of coconut scale, was recovered at Hawaii Kai during September. Light to heavy feeding by larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Chrysodeixis chalcites) during summer affected the marketability of ti leaves (Cordyline terminalis) at several areas on Hawaii. Damage was 40 percent in a 1.5-acre planting. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) larvae ranged light to severe in corn fields throughout Oahu, with increased incidence of heavy infestation in mature ears. Sporadic infestation and damage of buds in a commercial rose garden at Waianae, Oahu, an experimental plot of snap dragons at Kula, Maui, and occasional light infesta- tion of tomato and sweet pepper fruits occurred during the year. GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) was heavy in the Laupahoehoe Forest Reserve, Hawaii, during October, resulting in heavy foliar damage to Acacia koa saplings. Nymphs and adults were moderate in 200 acres of passion fruit at Kahalui, Maui, during this period. Infestations ranged light to heavy on Pinus sp. at Kula, Maui, and Kamuela, Hawaii, during the year. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was light in most vegetable fields and fruit orchards on all islands. About 60-70 percent of all adults noted under field conditions bore eggs of Trichopoda pennipes pilipes (a tachina fly). Several lots of macadamia nuts for processing in the Kohala area of Hawaii during February were 21 percent damaged. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa santaremaria) has replaced another GEOMETRID MOTH (Anacamptodes fragilaria) as the primary foliar pest of koa haole in the State. A very heavy buildup of both species occurred during October in koa haole and kiawe thickets at Kaena Point, Oahu. A total of 4,500 S. santaremaria and 250 A. fragilaria moths were taken in a single light trap during a 12-hour period. Man and Animals MOSQUITO collections from 58 light traps on Oahu from December 1971 throughout October 1972 averaged 5.8 Aedes vexans nocturnus per trap and 51.3 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus per trap per month. The highest monthly average occurred during April. Beneficial Insects Larvae and adults of a LADY BEETLE (Chilocorus nigritus) were recovered for the first time in Hawaii feeding on various species of scales infesting bamboo at the University of Hawaii campus on Oahu. C. nigritus was introduced from Ceylon in October 1958 and from Guam in August 1971 to aid in the control of Aspidiotus spp. Increased activity by LANTANA CERAMBYCID (Plagiohammus spinipennis) was especially evident at Panaewa Forest, Hawaii, and at Ulupalakua, Maui, where releases were made during spring. Near complete defoliation of lantana by heavy larval populations of LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) in 1,000+ acres of pastureland at Ulupalakua and Auwahi, Maui, was reported in late spring. BRACONID WASPS (Opius phaseoli and O. importatus) heavily parasitized Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting BR ON5 | leguminous plants on Maui and Kauai. Parasitism averaged 93 percent on Kauai. Heavy galling of Maui pamakani shrubs by a GALL FLY (Procecidochares utilis) was noted at Haleakala and Ulupalakua, Maui, and at Mt. Kaala, Oahu, during the fall. P. utilis was See eS introduced from Mexico in 1945 and continues to exert year-round stress on this weed pest. Miscellaneous Pests GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity at Poipu, Kauai, decreased considerably. An average of 103 snails was destroyed during winter months, the usual period of peak snail activity. The 1970 average for these months was 460. At Wahiawa, a single snail was collected during December 1971 after six months of negative activity. Ten more snails were collected at this locale during January and February 1972, followed by negative activity for the remainder of the year. Snail activity on Hawaii Island remained extremely light; baiting and surveillance, however, continued here and on Kauai throughout most of the year. On Molokai, two snails were collected at Maunaloa in September, the first report of activity in this area in several years. On Lanai, a single 3.5-inch specimen was taken at Maunalei Gulch but subsequent surveys revealed no evidence of snail activity. A. fulica is presently established on every major island except Lanai. Several adults on an ICHNEUMON WASP (Pachysomoides stupidus) emerged from a nest of Polistes exclamans exclamans (a vespid wasp) collected at Honolulu in June, une, establishing its parasitic host relationship in Hawaii. A single adult was taken at large in koa haole thickets at Poipu, Kauai, during February, for a new island record. EQ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 VOL. 23 NO. 8 February 25, 1973 Cooperative Economic Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, andindustrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal ana Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 February 23, 1973 Number 8 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae heavy on alfalfa in central Texas, adults numerous in trash sampled in west-central Oklahoma. (p. 85). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE poses possible threat for outbreak in Alabama this year. (p. 86). Detection For new county records see page 87. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Introduction (p. 88). Special Insects of Regional Significance (pp. 88-93). Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane (pp. 93-98). Small Grains (pp. 98-99). Turf, Pastures, Rangeland (p. 99). Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1956-1959. (pp. 106). Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending February 16 unless otherwise indicated. Sy 100- CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Splerpalie eens ng go soocoaeo00400 Insects Affecting SmawdelivGraam'Skye crensiers eae ce lanbeeccs Sos Ornamenitallishie ere. is en eee Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..85 Forest and Shade Trees.. COONS S 56400 dom6G bolo G 6.6 GU8 So Man and Animals 5. Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..85 Stored Products.......... Beneticrals Insects. oc. sic 6 cs so) alisicslschiel oielio eden el oN siielicneh nce tenement menCM ans Federal and State Plant Protection. Programs, ......< simi. Hawa “INSeC Ce REPO Gs ii aps illey Seacate need ern « lolisninilehal «i eli chun eo calcars eee DE TS CUROME 64 sper eehe, e lehalsverons isise ie Sissi le peltotterte, sited oss, 's (o)fall oie es) tse oe eee Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 PMO TMOGUCS TUOM were eeu alelbiiess: sans 4 annlepectelie pei eh bred oneness leleuol sewer shenew neem special Insects: of Regional, Significance... .5iac sees Corn je Sor ehum; ASUSAL CANE. 5.16 ceva: s che) oicy 01 choles «ons yepet arenes Cee OMAN GGT LING 5 scl allocates suereve patacieltebe)/e:eveiie. tiitel oeneue\ cholate eee eee Tunis TPas tures; Range Lama eiccccie rele cusiohonie ve eae Rue seu et eect ee Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1956-1959 Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. SS teyeb SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Populations generally eae Son ae a Wilbarger, Foard, Childress, Jones, Haskell, Throckmorton, Archer, and Wichita Counties. Counts ranged 0-15 per row foot in most fields surveyed. Light to moderate in some fields in Motley and Knox Counties. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-3 per linear foot in wheat checked in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys continued negative in wheat in northwest areas. (Boyer). SMALL GRAINS: WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light on small grain in Archer, Foard, and Knox Counties. Increasing activity reported from some fields in Knox County. (Boring). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Heavy on alfalfa in central areas. First and second-instar larvae prevalent in field samples. (Latham). OKLAHOMA - Occasional larva noted in alfalfa in Pauls Valley area, Garvin County. Eggs light in Garfield County, no hatch noted. Adults very numerous in overwintering boll weevil trash samples checked in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - All surveys negative to date in State. This is in contrast with situation past 2 years when larvae became active in southwest area in late January. Differences due to much colder winter this year. (Boyer). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 9,600 weevils per acre in trash samples collected in Webbers Falls area of Muskogee County; ranged 4,000-4,800 per acre in Washita County, and up to 4,000 per acre in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. SUI 3) ; DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Treatment in Jackson ‘County completed. Oviposition expected to begin in Hood River County pear orchards in 7-10 days. (Berry, Zwick). ORNAMENTALS NATIVE HOLLY LEAFMINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Infesta- tion levels moderate to heavy in ornamental plantings of American holly in Baltimore, Prince Georges, and Montgomery Counties. larval development appears 3-4 weeks early due to mild winter. (. Md; Ent. Dept.) . ‘AN ARMORED SCALE (Fiorinia externa) -— MARYLAND - Heavily infested hemlock near Catonsville, Baltimore County. Controls to be applied fn spring. (U. Md.; Ent. Dept.). ; : | eae | FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Small area of shortleaf pines, 6-12 inches in diameter, recently died due to extensive feeding of overwintering broods. Located in large pine area 10 miles northwest of Auburn, Lee County. Indicates overwintering broods may not have been reduced below levels that could produce population explosion in 1973. (McQueen). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and pupae present in twig tips of Monterey pine tree nursery Stock in) Hie Cajon, san Diteco ‘County. (Cals Coop. Rptepe MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - During the period February 4-10, there was one confirmed case reported in the continental U.S. from Hidalgo County, Texas. Total of 86 confirmed cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 38,652,000, all in Texas. Total of 167,828,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate in Ottawa County with pupation beginning; light to heavy in Cotton County and;light in-Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.:,):. CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), heavy on cattle in Cotton County, moderate in Ottawa County, and light in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations of Solenoptes capillatus and Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) reported January 19 controlled by use of insecticide dust. Examination of cattle revealed no lice present. (Robinson). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Two specimens taken on separate occasions, June 13 and July 1, 1972, in residence near Apex, Wake County. This is a new county record. Previously taken only from Forsyth County. (Hunt). STORED PRODUCTS CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in miscellaneous stored feed at Roswell, Chaves County, and at Artesia, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Large adult populations taken from trash along borders of soybean fields in Noxubee County. (Robinson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Larvae active in loquat fruit at Bradenton, Manatee County, February 6. (Fla. Coop. suly.)». RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - NORTH CAROLINA - Thirty workers collected at Cape Fear River Bridge at Wilmington, New Hanover County, February 6 by F.I. Bowen. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPQ). =o On WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - One additional property found infested at Fallbrook, San Diego County. Treatment of infested properties and survey continued. (Cal. Coop. Rpt...) . HAWAII INSECT REPORT Sorghum - CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) generally light in 24 acres at Kahuku, Oahu; heavy in whorls and stems of some plants. From 30 to 85 percent of aphids parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp). (Kawamura). General Vegetables - PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) heavy in 5,000 square feet of sweet peppers at Pupukea, Oahu; about 85 percent of fruits infested. (Kawamura). Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light to moderate on greenhouse tomatoes at Pupukea, Oahu. Trace in 5,000 square feet each of mature and seedling snap beans in same area. (Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - Field examination of Melastoma malabathricum at various locales on Hawaii Island revealed 34 and 24 percent infestation of fruits and terminals, respectively, by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella). (Yoshioka). During January, Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting snap and long bean petioles collected at 9 locations on Kauai were 80-100 percent parasitized by BRACONID WASPS (Opius importatus and O. phaseoli). Similar samplings at Waikapu and Puunene, Maui, revealed 100 and 67 percent parasitism, respectively. (Sugawa, Miyahira). DETECTION New County Records - BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) NORTH CAROLINA - Wake (p. 86). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) NORTH CAROLINA - New Hanover (p. 86). SY te SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1972 INTRODUCTION The summary of insect conditions, beginning in this issue, will be continued in several succeeding issues of the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. This summary was compiled by the Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff from annual summaries sub- mitted by various State and Federal cooperators. A list of the individuals who assisted in assembling data will appear after the last section of this summary is published. The Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff appreciates the assistance of all individuals who have participated in the preparation of material for the 1972 summary. SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Highlights: ARMY CUTWORM is apparently an increasing problem on sugar beets in North Dakota, and damaged winter wheat in Montana. ARMYWORM was heavy on corn in North Carolina, and Virginia at midseason, and moth collections exceed all previous records for mid-July in Ohio. CORN EARWORM was a major pest of soybeans in Alabama and Arkansas. CORN LEAF APHID required treatment on corn and sorghum in some States. GREENBUG was of some concern on sorghum and small grains in the central Plains. ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) caused no economic damage to crops in KANSAS in spring 1972 except in a few fields of small grains and seedling alfalfa in the northwest district. Treatment was made to an estimated 1,900 acres of about 5,600 acres of small grains and to about 2,100 acres of 4,100 acres of alfalfa which probably needed treatment. Some of this acreage also had coinciding infestations of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia). Probably populations of both pests combined were necessary to justify treatment in some cases. Larval feeding by army cutworm was first observed in the north-eastern counties of COLORADO in early March. Economic infestations occurred in Washington County where counts up to 12 larvae per linear row foot were made. This pest also damaged alfalfa. Chemical controls were applied to wheat and alfalfa in this county. In NEBRASKA, stand reduction of alfalfa ranged from light to nearly complete loss, especially in first- year stands. Larvae ranged 0-4.5 per square foot in Hitchcock, Lincoln, and Dawson Counties by April 10. By April 17, most feeding was over and pupation had begun. Army cutworm appears to be an increasing problem on sugar beets in NORTH DAKOTA where previously it was a problem only in winter wheat early in the season in some western counties. In the last few years, it has damaged early and late seeded beets in the Red River Valley. Many beet fields were reseeded 2-3 times in 1972. Controls have been ineffective. Army cutworm was first reported in MONTANA this season the second week of May, which is 2-3 weeks later than usual. Much winter wheat in Cascade and Chouteau Counties was treated in May to decrease losses, but about 6,000 acres required reseeding. Those acres reseeded without treatments were lost. An estimated 50,000+ acres worth $1,250,000 were lost in Madison and Beaverhead Counties. * 88. - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was very heavy in corn across NORTH CAROLINA during June and July. Up to three control treat- ments were made to no-til fields in the Yadkin, Iredell, Wilkes, Surry, and Alleghany County area. In TENNESSEE, damage to small grains ranged light to severe in all sections of’ the State during May. Larvae were present in damaging numbers on corn in most areas of VIRGINIA by May 24 and severe in Roanoke, Buckingham, Amelia, and Craig Counties. Surveys in Montgomery, Pulaski, and Wythe Counties showed that an average of 35 percent of all plants were infested. Armyworm infestations in small grains were below 1971 levels in MARYLAND. Moderate to heavy infestations were found in Dorchester, Queen Annes, Talbot, and Wicomico Counties where about 3,500 acres of wheat and barley were treated. Damage to corn was also well below 1971 levels with heavy damage restricted to no-til corn in Frederick, Washington, Carroll, Montgomery, and Howard Counties where about 2,000 acres required controls. In PENNSYLVANIA, light to moderate armyworm infestations in no-til corn were reported in the south-central district by the first of June. The first armyworm moths of the season in OHIO were collected during the second week in April. Populations increased steadily and moth collections exceeded all previous records for mid-July. Larval outbreaks in corn were reported from Guernsey, Muskingun, Ashland, and Monroe Counties and replanting was necessary in some Belmont, Darke, and Lawrence County fields. Armyworm was the most damaging pest of wheat, oats, and barley in KENTUCKY. Counts in Christian County ranged up to 340 per 100 sweeps on barley, with 30 percent of the heads cut. In Todd and Warren Counties larvae averaged 120 per 100 sweeps. Armyworm infestations on wheat reached moderately Severe proportions in some areas in the southern third of ILLINOIS during late May and early June. In some thick, lush stands, populations ranged 3-15 (average 8) larvae per linear row foot. Armyworm moths were first observed in east-central and southeast ARKANSAS in late March. A few infestations reached 5-6 larvae per square foot and were treated in late April. The highest recorded infestation was 18 per square foot in Desha County. Armyworm infestations were unusually light in KANSAS small grains during 1972, with no economic damage being reported. During early August, infestations in corn caused 50 percent defoliation in one treated field in Stafford County and 25 percent defoliation in a field in Stevens County. Light infestations were also reported in some fields in Grant and Seward Counties. Most defoliation was confined to the lower halves of plants. This pest was unusually heavy early in the season in CALIFORNIA, causing much damage to young corn and sorghum, BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) populations on sugar beets in western COLORADO generally remained low and noneconomic. This insect was found throughout the Arkansas Valley where adult »counts ranged 0-25 per 100 sweeps in late July. In August, popula- tions ranging from zero to 100 per 100 net sweeps were found on tomato plants in Otero County. Early April surveys showed that Overwintering adult populations in desert breeding areas were low throughout the Snake River Plains of IDAHO. Desert host plant development was slowed by unusually cool weather and control programs were not needed. - 89 - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was generally light with few controls necessary in UTAH, NEBRASKA, IOWA, INDIANA, VIRGINIA, and SOUTH CAROLINA. Corn earworm populations in MARYLAND were well below normal during June and July in all areas but by early August ear-tip damage ranged 5-20 percent in corn for grain and for processing along the Eastern Shore. Damage levels in central and western areas peaked from mid-August through September with damage ranging from 5 to 30 percent in some grain corn. Corn earworm was one of the major pests of soybeans in southern ALABAMA in 1972 with about 180,000 acres in the extreme southwest area receiving controls. An average of 4 applications were necessary on 160,000 acres in Baldwin County. Controls were required throughout the year in FLORIDA. In some instances during spring months,applica- tions were made daily when corn silks were growing rapidly and population pressures were heaviest. Corn earworm infested 75-80 percent of ears in cornfields through- out MISSISSIPPI. This noctuid is the most important pest of soybeans in ARKANSAS. Surveys in 1972 showed that 295,000 acres of soybeans, or 7.1 percent of the crop, were treated. Corn ear- worm remained light to moderate in OKLAHOMA alfalfa most of the season reaching a high of 15 per 10 sweeps in Payne and Noble Counties in late September. Moderate to heavy numbers damaged ears of both garden and field corn from mid-June to late August. Moderate to heavy numbers were reported in a few sorghum fields in the south-central counties during August. In NEW MEXICO, corn earworm larvae ranged 0-3 per ear tip, with controls necessary, in 7 eastern counties. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) infestations ranged light to heavy on corn and sorghum in Burleson, Brazos, Washington, Colorado, and Lee County, TEXAS on May 5, but began to decrease rapidly during mid-May when heavy populations of lady beetles and other beneficial insects occurred. Fields in the High Plains area had infestations of zero to 2,000 aphids per plant in early June. Scattered counts of up to 600 corn leaf aphids per sorghum plant were found in most areas of OKLAHOMA from mid-May to early September. Heaviest counts of the season ranged 500-1,000 per plant in scattered fields in the Panhandle in late July and up to 2,000 per plant in scattered fields in Caddo County in early September. Corn leaf aphid was heavy in scattered fields of sorghum and corn over most of KANSAS during June, July, and early August. An estimated 28,000 acres of corn and 115,000 acres of sorghum were treated. Corn leaf aphid colonies were present on barley in east-central NORTH DAKOTA, by mid-July and heavy populations damaged late- seeded barley in Cass County during August. Corn leaf aphid was light and never developed into a serious problem on corn in ILLINOIS. By mid-July, 90 percent of the plants in some fields were infested but colonies were generally small, with many infested whorls having only a single winged adult. By late summer, 26 percent of the population in some southern fields were parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp). Corn leaf aphid infestations of corn grown for grain in INDIANA were 1.7 percent heavy (500+ per stalk), 6.8 percent moderate (51-500 per stalk), and 19.6 percent light during the tassel-in-whorl stage or slightly thereafter. The only severe infestations were found north of Indianapolis. * 90. - Corn leaf aphid populations on corn in MARYLAND remained light. Heaviest populations were encountered on the lower Eastern Shore where 700 acres required treatment the last week of July. Corn leaf aphid was heavy on corn throughout ALABAMA during the 1972 season, especially in the central and northern counties. GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) infestations were local and damaged CALIFORNIA corn, Sorghum, and small grains early in the season. Infestations in COLORADO ranged 0-200 aphids per plant in early July and increased to 1,000 per plant in late July, but by early September were practically nonexistent. Greenbug was generally light in most small grain areas of TEXAS. Heaviest damage was noted in Throckmorton County. Generally this aphid was light in the Rolling Plains and Panhandle areas during February. Infesta- tions were heaviest, 200 per square foot, in Briscoe County. Infestations ranged 200-750 per plant in the South Plains as early as July 7 and by July 14 heavy infestations damaged grain sorghum in Glasscock County. Populations peaked in the South and High Plains August 4 and by August 11 numbers began to decrease in the Rolling Plains due to beneficial insect activity. Greenbug necessitated the treatment of 2,000 acres of small grains in ARKANSAS where it became important for the first time. It was found in 14 new counties and is very likely statewide in distri- bution. Economic infestations occurred in Clay County and by mid- July, 1-5 leaves per plant had turned red and 500+ aphids per leaf were common. This was also the first year that greenbug became an important pest on sorghum in INDIANA. Most of the economic infestations in the State were found in Parke County. During March, 200-2,000 greenbugs per linear foot were found in scattered small grain fields in south and central OKLAHOMA. First infestations on sorghum were reported in Ottawa and Craig Counties the first week of June. Heavy numbers were present in scattered fields in most areas during July and August but heavy area-wide infestations did not develop. Greenbug caused more damage on sorghum in KANSAS than in any previous year. An estimated 1,110,000 acres were treated, an increase of 327,000 acres over 1968 the first year that greenbug became important on sorghum, Most of the heavy infestations were located in eastern and north-central areas. The first infestations on seedling sorghum were found in mid-May in Bourbon and Montgomery Counties. By early June, flights from mature wheat to sorghum were heavy throughout most of the eastern part of the State and by late June a general outbreak had occurred in east-central and northeast areas. During the third week of July, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) began to exert Significant control in most eastern counties but much damage had already occurred. Except for localized infestations, economic damage on corn and wheat was generally low throughout Kansas. The first damage in NEBRASKA occurred the week of June 2 when alates and nymphs ranged 1-10 per 1 to 3-inch seedling sorghum plant. Populations continued to increase and by June 8, light to moderate infestations occurred on 1 to 6-inch grain sorghum in the south-central district. Populations began to kill lower leaves | of grain sorghum by June 30. Many fields developed severe yellow stippling on the whorl leaves. Populations peaked in the extreme southeast counties about July 10-15 with parasitism by L. _testaceipes ranging 20-95 percent. Greenbug ranged up to 1,500 per _ Tower leaf in Gage, Lancaster, Platte, and Seward Counties. } ; | | One = Scattered economic infestations were still reported from Custer and Dundy Counties on August 4. Heavy damage with up to 2,000 greenbugs per linear foot were noted in Box Butte and Morrill Counties October 20. Greenbug damaged wheat and barley locally in Ransom County, NORTH DAKOTA. Populations of 3,000 per 100 sweeps were present in late seeded crops on July 28. Greenbug damaged forage and grain sorghum in 15 IOWA counties from July 10 to August 5. Populations peaked on 12-inch forage sorghum at 360 per plant on July 21° in Story and Polk Counties. “At (thist tame parasitism by L. testaceipes ranged 7-39 percent in Polk County. ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) migrants were first detected in rye in southwest WISCONSIN about April 20. A 50-fold increase in numbers occurred by May 5, when counts up to 150 per 100 sweeps were recorded at Spring Green, Sauk County. Movement from rye to oats began the first week of May. About 6.27 percent were infected with aster yellows disease which prompted a warning that there was a high potential for transmission to vegetable crops. By mid-July, this leafhopper decreased greatly and the percent infected with aster yellows had decreased to 1 percent. Leafhopper control efforts by vegetable growers kept aster yellows damage in check. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) caused light to moderate damage on alfalfa in Frederick, Baltimore, Washington, Carroll, and Montgomery Counties, MARYLAND. This pest was first reported in alfalfa, 5-10 per sweep, the last week in June. Populations peaked during July when counts ranged 5-50 per sweep, then fell below economic levels the second week of August in Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties. Infestations outside these counties remained noneconomic with counts ranging 5-10 per sweep. Damage on commercial lima and snap beans remained below economic levels mainly due to scheduled spray programs maintained by growers. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) was light in alfalfa fields of Otero and Prowers Counties, COLORADO, in mid-June. Populations reached 10-30 aphids per sweep by early July and remained at that level until mid-September. Counts ranged light to moderate in most areas of OKLAHOMA. The only heavy infestations were reported in Cotton County in late March and in few east- central counties in late July and early August. In MISSOURI, counts ranged from 0-105 aphids per 10 sweeps in the southwest and south-central areas during August. Populations peaked at 1,000+ per 10 sweeps during early September in the southwestern area and yellowing and stunting were observed in areas of low rainfall. Spotted alfalfa aphid was taken as early as the last week in March in Daviess County, INDIANA. Populations up to 100 per sweep were found in one field in St. Joseph County in mid-July but this aphid was rarely of economic importance in the State. TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) was the major insect pest of flue-cured tobacco early in the season in several north FLORIDA counties. Infestations appeared about 16 days earlier than in 1971, and losses were moderate to heavy. This species and H. zea (corn earworm) occurred in mixed infestations as the most Serious tobacco pests on ALABAMA'S 520 acres. Extremely active control efforts by growers kept them under good control. H. virescens and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) were the major problem in most tobacco producing counties of SOUTH CAROLINA. OO e = TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) did not infest wrapper tobacco in FLORIDA, but in the flue-cured tobacco area it was the major mid - and late-season insect pest of the State. CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE Highlights: EUROPEAN CORN BORER was generally higher than usual in several States. SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER infested corn in Kansas for first time since 1920. BLACK CUTWORM was of some concern on corn in southern Iowa and southern Illinois. CORN ROOTWORMS were economic on corn in several areas. SORGHUM MIDGE was an important pest of sorghum in Kansas, Missouri, Texas, and Mississippi. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) infestations were Significant in occasional cornfields in Linn and Johnson Counties, KANSAS, in late September. One field in Linn County had 95 percent of the plants infested. This pest was collected in Wichita and Logan Counties for the first time. Overwintered European corn borer populations were very heavy in central and southern NEBRASKA. In Hall County, overwintered borers averaged 5,025 per acre, or 3.35 times the average for 13 years of survey data. First moths of the season were taken May 17 in blacklight trap at Aurora. By May 25, about 60 percent of larvae in corn residue had pupated, and pupation was about 100 percent in east, southeast and central districts by June 2. First-brood moth flights peaked about June 8, then declined sharply. First-genera- tion borer populations were generally light, except in occasional early planted corn in the east and central districts. Infestations ranged 0-80 (average 25) percent in late June and July. Second- brood moths were first trapped about mid-July and peaked about August 10-17. Second-generation borer populations were 83 percent lighter than those of 1971, and caused generally light damage. The fall abundance survey in NORTH DAKOTA showed an increase from 130 borers per 100 plants in 1971 to 140 borers per 100 plants in 1972. Second-brood larvae were relatively unimportant this season. Stalk breakage due to this pest was heavier than normal in 1972. Cold weather moved into MINNESOTA during the critical time of European corn borer moth emergence and egg laying in June reducing activity to the point that the first and second generations were only minor problems. A few warm periods did induce sporadic egg laying in August and September, but populations were moderate to heavy in only isolated cornfields. Survival of overwintering O. nubilalis larvae in WISCONSIN ranged 80-100 percent in April despite a cold, open winter. Pupation began about May 20 and adults were caught in blacklight traps from May 26 to July 3, with peak catches about June 14. First eggs were noted June 14 and larval feeding was apparent June 20. First-generation larvae infested about 5 percent of grain corn and up to 30 percent of Sweet corn plants in mid-July. Pupation began about July 21 and second-flight moths were taken in blacklight traps from July 24 to October 1. Egg mass counts reached 1 per 10 plants by August 15 at some sites and control treatments were initiated. Very heavy larval infestations were observed in late sweet cornfields in Columbia County, where some fields had up to 68 percent of ears infested. The annual fall survey showed an average population of 29 borers per 100 plants. This compares to 57 per 100 plants in 1971 and the 30-year average of 45 per 100 plants. Ss) = Overwintering European corn borer larvae averaged 6,074 per acre across IOWA in early May compared to 6,375 in 1971. The first moth was collected May 28 in Polk County. Oviposition began in early June and peaked about June 19. Extended cool, wet weather during the oviposition period reduced the economic potential of the first generation. Fields in central Iowa averaged 0.4 first-generation borers per plant and 1.4 second-generation borers per plant. Fewer than 200,000 acres were treated for European corn borer control in Iowa in 1972. First European corn borer moths of the season were collected in MISSOURI May 16 in Boone County. From 10 to 50 percent of corn plants in most areas showed feeding injury. The first generation appeared to be less injurious than during the past 5 years. The State average of infested plants was 61.05 compared to 70.16 in 1971. In ILLINOIS the overwintering survival European corn borer was 74 percent compared to a normal 80-85 percent. First and second generations averaged 1 and 32 borers per 100 plants,respectively. compared to a 10-year average of 4 and 101 borers per 100 plants. Pupation was completed by late May with 65 percent moth emergence. Egg laying began the first of June in the southern half of the State. By the first week of July, 70 percent of the borers were in the fifth stage. About 70,000 acres of corn were treated in Illinois, mainly for first-generation control. The first European corn borer moth of the season in OHIO was trapped May 25 and peak emergence occurred June 11-20. Egg masses could be found statewide by June 9. Inspections during the last 2 weeks in July showed percent damaged plants by counties as follows: Pike 40, Morgan 36, Highland 24, and Clinton 20. Second- generation moths first emerged on August 1 and peaked August 21- 30. First adults of the season in DELAWARE were collected in black- light traps May 7, with peak flights the first week of June. Second-flight adults peaked at 25-30 per night during late July and the first week of August. This flight was much below the 1971 peak of 150 per night. The third adult flight peaked during late August, with an average of 22 per night which was also far under the 1971 average of 135 per night. These light adult flights correlate with the fall abundance survey which shows a State average of 186 borers per 100 plants compared to 358 in 1971. European corn borer severely damaged seedling corn in scattered fields over the Coastal Plain of NORTH CAROLINA during June. Larval damage was noticeable across the State during late August. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) was heavy in several cornfields in ARIZONA from mid-August through November. Larvae were so plentiful in some plants that growth was inhibited to the point of producing almost totally blank seed heads. Early spring surveys in MISSOURI showed that heavier than normal numbers of southwestern corn borer successfully overwintered. On July 8, 22 percent of the plants were infested with fourth and fifth instar larvae. By July 22, 50 percent of second-generation adults had emerged, 40 percent were pupae, and 10 percent were full-grown larvae. The fall abundance survey showed the percent infested plants was down from 33.57.in 1971) :to; 25. /05:/an) 2972. =O 4a I-%@ I%/61S-BOL-—2Z461 *391dadO ONILNIYd LNAWNNYSAOD ‘son XA ‘SUl[pueY poqtioseid oY} J9}Je UOT}VISoZUI 02 pasodxa jou jt }dwoxy, ‘SOPS [VUOT}VIIOII 10 syied snopiezey wor SurAaow juowdinbs pozeroosse pur ‘sapolyoA [RUOTVAIII ‘SOWIOY B[IGOJY “F _ SulZea[nd 10 Sulputis Aq passaooid jr ydutexa aie syonpoid Asienb pur ou0}sg ‘syonpoid Aizenb pure 9u0}g ‘¢ , JdUlaxe o1v SUIPpaq Iepsd pu ‘IOIS[eOXa ‘MO]TJ poom Ysnpmes ‘ssuTavysg » }dwiexa oie “a0 ‘satpuey ‘oInjIuIny ‘“Sutiool ‘sarsurus se uons ‘sionpoId DOOM DAaINIDeINUPIAT auosns? anv PP SALVLS GALDAAAVY HLIM ONILVYAdOOD SYNLINDIYOV AO LNAWLYVdad VAVNYSD ANY SWVYSDOUd ANILNVYVNO ANY NOILOALOYd LNW 1d SADIAYNAS NOILOAdSNI HLIVWAH LNV1d GNY T1VWINY S3YaYnNLINDIeXSV AO LNAWLYVdad ‘Ss ‘Nn SINILNVAVNO HLOW ASdAS “AOLOAdSNI GaAZIMOHLAV NV Ad YO ANILNVAVNO ALV.LS ALVIYdOUddV Ad GAUINOAA Alx% “WOLOAdSNI GAZIMOHLAV NV Ad GANINOAA lx x* VAUV YHHLO ANV OLNI ANTA NOW * NdaaO NIHLIM ‘NAAaD OLNI NAAAO “ALIHM HONOUHL YO OLNI NAAAO WOW “ALTAM YO NAAAD HONOUHL AO OLNI dda WOW ‘T ‘SMOTTION SV VAUV GaLVTINOda V WOU SATOILAV G4HLVTINOAA HAO LNANAAOW NO CASOdWI AAV SNOILOIALSAY Ao F uw TL6I 6% FOQuia00q CASIAAU -IAIG NOILOALOUd LNVId LSAUVAN UNOA ‘VAGVNVO NI ‘ANV LNADV ALNNOO UNOA UO UOLOAMSNI NOILOALOUd LNVW1d IVUAGAA UO ALVLS UNOA LINSNOO SALVLS GALINA AHL NI wy 8. 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FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was abundant in buds and on ears of sweet corn in FLORIDA, particularly in the Everglades area. On October 18, fall armyworm and beet armyworm destroyed 97 percent of the buds on unsprayed young sweet corn at Bradenton, Manatee County. Fall armyworm larvae were heavy (2-3 per plant) in ears and stalks of sweet corn during the fall. Fall armyworm caused light to moderate damage to corn for processing and for grain throughout MARYLAND. First larvae of the season were collected July 25 in Carroll County. Most infestations remained below economic thresholds with about 300-700 acres requiring controls during late August. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) infestations were reported from most cornfields in the southern half of IOWA. Some fields showed 50 percent damage and replanting was necessary. Control was applied on approximately 50,000 acres. Many cornfields in the southern half of ILLINOIS were severely damaged by black cutworm during late May and early June. An estimated 79,000 acres were replanted and about 124,000 acres received emergency control treatments. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) has become a major insect pest of sweet corn in FLORIDA because of difficulty in control. It was particularly destructive to buds during late spring and early fall in the Everglades area. Beet armyworm was a pest of corn and sorghum all year in CALIFORNIA with some fields severely damaged. This damage was more general and heavier than in past years. CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) were of concern in several States. WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. virgifera) was reported for the first time in IDAHO when a medium to heavy infestation was found in 6 acres of corn at Dayton, Franklin County, July 27, 1972. (See CEIR 22(35):574) By September 1, adults average 7 per 40-50 plants and ears in 7 fields. Root damage was insignificant and no plant lodging was observed. D. virgifera larvae were heavy in Baca County, COLORADO. Many growers having no previous rootworm problems failed to treat and losses were heavy in some fields. Larval infestations were heavier than usual in Weld County and there were many complaints by growers who failed to apply adequate controls. Eggs had hatched and larvae were active by mid-June. Adult emergence was noted by mid-July. Losses were heavy in some corn in northeast Colorado where adult controls were not applied. D. virgifera began emerging in northeast KANSAS July 6 and by July 14 some emergence was reported throughout the State. Some severe root damage was noted during late July in untreated corn in Nemaha and Sedgwick Counties. During September, much goosenecking indicating severe root damage, was noted in many fields in the southeast area. About 91,000 acres of corn were treated for adult corn rootworms in Kansas. Western corn rootworm and NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. longicornis) larval activity was first observed in NEBRASKA June 15 in Saunders County. First D. virgifera adults were observed in this county July 7. Scattered corn rootworm damage occurred throughout the State, but was most common in eastern counties. Adults ranged 1-3 per corn plant in most fields in August. Percent lodged plants averaged 7.4 in northeast, 7 in eastern, 3.5 in southeast, zero in central, and zero in southern districts during October. D. virgifera infestations and damage appeared to be lighter in NORTH DAKOTA than in 1971. Adults averaged 26 per 100 plants in infested fields in Richland County, with 10 percent of fields showing lodging due to larval feeding. D. longicornis and D. virgifera egg hatch and larvae were first noted in MINNESOTA the week of June 26. First adults of the season were seen in mid-July. In early August,surveys in 54 counties showed that populations declined in 1972 in all except the southwest district. Corn rootworms were still important economic pests of corn during 1972 and will continue to be so in 1973. An adult corn rootworm survey in WISCONSIN during late August showed a 60-percent decrease from 1971 populations. Western corn rootworm decreased more than did northern corn rootworm. D. virgifera comprised more than 50 percent of the corn rootworm population in the southwest and northwest districts. Lodged plants became evident about July 12 following rain storms. Some southwest area fields had 28 percent lodging, but state- wide damage averaged about 5 percent. In MICHIGAN, threatening populations of D. virgifera were found in Allegan, Berrien, Cass, Calhoun, and Ingham Counties. Second and third instar Diabrotica spp. larvae were first observed in IOWA in Clayton County about June 15. During the second week of July untreated fields in Clayton and Webster Counties averaged 20 and 23 larvae per corn plant, respectively. Economic populations were observed statewide. Lodged staiks declined from 4.97 percent in 1971 to 1.458 percent in 1972 statewide. About 4,000,000 acres of corn were treated for rootworm control in Iowa during 1972. Hatching of D. virgifera eggs was observed in western MISSOURI during early June. Heavy larval infestations were reported from isolated spots throughout the western area. Adult emergence was noted during the first week in July. Counts on corn ranged from less than 1 beetle per plant to 20+ per plant. Adults were collected for the first time in 9 Missouri counties. Newly hatched western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm larvae were first found in northern ILLINOIS in early June and by mid-July adults of either species could be found throughout the State. An adult survey in early August indicated 1972 populations of both species had increased over those of 1971 in 8 of the 9 crop districts in the State. Infestations were heaviest in the northwestern third of the State where populations average 100 adults per 100 plants. About 36,000 acres of corn were treated for adult control and 3,680,000 acres were soil treated for larval control in Illinois. Western corn rootworm spread to 13 new counties in INDIANA in 1972. D. virgifera adults were found in 36.3 percent of cornfields in the northwest district and in 38.9 percent of fields in the north-central district. In those districts of Indiana in which both species compete, D. longicornis was 1.7 times more numerous than D. virgifera in the northwest district and 28 times more numerous in the north-central district. The heaviest population, 10,500 per acre, was found in Porter County. No observed corn rootworm populations in Indiana warranted controls: aa 3972). 206 .a= | MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) and §S. callosus caused 40 percent stand loss of corn in scattered fields in NORTH CAROLINA as far north as Tyrrell County by June 1. Up to 5+ larvae per stalk were observed in Washington, Hyde, and Tyrrell Counties. More than 60 percent of the cornfields in Washington, Hyde, Tyrrell, Beaufort, Craven, and Pamlico Counties, North Carolina, evidenced marginal row damage by these pests. S. maidis and §. callosus continued to damage corn in most coastal counties of SOUTH CAROLINA. Heavy populations destroyed 40 acres of corn in Orangeburg County in May and 5 acres of mature corn in Dillon County in August. Chemical controls against S. callosus remained ineffective in South Carolina. i ax CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) caused some economic damage on corn in northwestern OHIO. Up to 50 chinch bugs per ear were reported in Wood County July 19 and heavy populations damaged corn in Putnam County during the first 2 weeks of August. Chinch bug was troublesome in seedling corn and sorghum in scattered fields in the eastern half of KANSAS. Serious infesta- tions occurred in Washington and Jackson County sorghum where some treating was necessary in late June. Moderate to heavy numbers damaged sorghum in Kiowa, Comanche, and Tillman Counties, OKLAHOMA, during June and early July. Localized but heavy infesta- tions of chinch bug (12-15 per plant) were noted on corn in Limestone County, TEXAS, March 24. By mid-April, heavy populations were noted on corn in Lee County and on grain sorghum in McLennan and Limeston Counties. CONCHUELA (Chlorochora ligata) was heavy on grain sorghum through- out much of central TEXAS as well as the Rolling and South Plains. First reports of economic damage were received June 30 from Gillespie and Travis Counties where infestations averaged 2 per head in many fields. During August and September damage was noted in several South Texas and Rolling Plains counties. SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) caused heavy yield losses in some late planted sorghum in KANSAS, primarily in southeastern counties. Losses of 25-50 percent were not uncommon in very late sorghum in this area. The last significant infestations encountered in Kansas grain sorghum occurred in 1967 in the same area but only involved two counties--Montgomery and Wilson. This insect was again the most important insect on sorghum in south- eastern MISSOURI. Heaviest populations (20-40 adults per head) were found on midseason and late sorghum in the extreme southeast area. The heaviest sorghum midge infestations in TEXAS were noted on late grain sorghum in the central and Rolling Plains areas during July. Counts ranged up to 80 midges per sorghum head in some central and north-central counties. Sorghum midge was also the most damaging insect of sorghum in MISSISSIPPI. Peak emergence of overwintering populations occurred in mid-May. Grain planted in mid-July in Oktibbeha County had 98 percent of the heads destroyed in mid-October, 60 percent of the grain grown for ensilage in Noxubee County was destroyed. BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) populations on silage corn began increasing in July in Churchill County, NEVADA, and by early August heavy infestations had developed in many fields and chemical treatments were required. Banks grass mite was noted on corn in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO about mid-June. Cooler LBOG, a= than normal weather kept populations under economic levels until late July. Economic infestations developed in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, and Bent Counties in early August. Controls became necessary throughout August in the Arkansas Valley. Scattered infestations of this mite on corn were reported from the north-central and northeastern areas of Colorado. Infestations were present on corn and sorghum in the Panhandle counties of OKLAHOMA from late July into early September but heavy infestations were found only in limited areas, Heavy damage to sorghum was reported from Caddo County for the first time. SMALL GRAINS Highlights: | FALL ARMYWORM damaged small grains in Alabama and Oklahoma. HESSIAN FLY caused much less damage to wheat in Kansas this season than in 1971. BROWN WHEAT MITE required controls on 100,000 acres of oats in Texas in late October. FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) damaged several thousand acres of oats, barley, rye, and wheat in various areas of ALABAMA. Larvae of this noctuid were a problem in some newly planted small grains, mainly rye, in western ARKANSAS in September. Fall armyworm damaged early planted small grains in almost all areas of OKLAHOMA from mid-September through mid- October. Late planted fields sustained little or no damage. Larvae caused some damage to seedling wheat in KANSAS, primarily in the southeast counties during the fall. Larvae of a GELECHIID MOTH (Leucogonia california) caused severe damage to germinating wheat on widespread acreages in Yolo County, CALIFORNIA. This is the first reported commercial damage in the State by this pest. HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) occurred in a 700-acre area of McMinn County, TENNESSEE, where 1-99 percent of grain stalks were infested. Infestation of wheat in 385 acres of mixed wheat and vetch for silage resulted in a 125-ton yield reduction over 1971. Hessian fly populations in wheat stubble in late July were light in ILLINOIS, averaging 4 puparia per 100 tillers throughout the surveyed area in the southern half of the State. A survey of winter wheat in Wayne County in late October showed an average of 239 larvae and puparia per 100 tillers in susceptible varieties and 50 larvae and pupae per 100 tillers in resistant varieties. Scattered light infestations of Hessian fly occurred on spring wheat in NORTH DAKOTA this season, but no economic infestations or damage were found or reported. Hessian fly caused an estimated loss of 570,240 bushels of wheat in KANSAS compared to a loss of 3,031,030 bushels in 1971. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) infestations were heavier than normal in ARKANSAS. Populations built up to 100-150 per 100 sweeps by early February and 500-600 per 100 sweeps by early March. A few fields in east-central Arkansas were treated in late March for combined infestations of this species and Schizaphis graminum (greenbug). Winged and wingless adults of English grain aphid were observed the third week in May in NORTH DAKOTA. Infestations were prevalent in most eastern and southeastern counties by mid-July, and were widespread but noneconomic over most of the State by the end of July. No damage occurred. = Or APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was moderate to heavy in wheat in Finney, Wichita, and Greeley Counties, KANSAS, in early November and in Lane County in early December. In OKLAHOMA, Rhopalosiphum padi infested small grains in most areas from mid- January to early April. Counts of 2,000-3,000 per linear foot were reported on rye in Stephens County in late March. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was heavy, 500-2,000 per row foot, on wheat in Donley, Hall, and Childress Counties, TEXAS, by April 14. During late October, heavy damage was noted in Falls County and control measures were applied to approximately 100,000 acres of oats. Brown wheat mite was a problem on wheat only in isolated areas in Curry, Roosevelt, and Quay Counties, NEW MEXICO, in 1972. Infestations were heavy on winter wheat in southeastern COLORADO early in April. Some damage occurred in extremely dry regions and some growers applied controls. Brown wheat mite damaged 6,000 acres of wheat in the Monticello area of San Juan County and some fields in Washington County, UTAH. Infestations elsewhere in the State were light to moderate. Populations in NEVADA began increasing on small grains in late March and by mid- April were heavy in many fields in Pershing County. Irrigation controlled these infestations except for 700 acres which were treated chemically. Spring migration of BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) in NORTH DAKOTA began in mid-May before most barley had emerged. In early seeded barley, infestations averaged 14 thrips per leaf sheath in mid-July, but most barley escaped losses because of the lateness of the crop. TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) populations in SOUTH CAROLINA were less damaging than the previous 2 years. Where damaging infestations did develop, they occurred primarily on Coastal Bermuda grass and on late-planted sweet corn. Heavy infestations in Bermuda grass and ryegrass lawns and pastures were reported from a number of counties in the eastern half of OKLAHOMA during late September and October. SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) severely damaged several thousand acres of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in Churchill, Lander, and Washoe Counties, NEV B GRASSHOPPERS infested turf and pastures statewide in ALABAMA. The most important species were Melanoplus femurrubrum, M. differen- tialis, and Schistocerca americana. Damage was most serious on 2 to 6-leaf clover seedlings in pastures during fall months, and on reseeded clover and grass sods where grasshoppers,. in combination With crickets, destroyed many seedlings and weakened stands. FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) populations were heavy on about 100,000 acres of rangeland at White Oaks, Lincoln County, NEW MEXICO. LO Oi MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Selected References 1956-1959 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Aubin, M. 1956. La mouche des fruits dans la région parisienne en 1955. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 42(11):553-556. Ayers, E. L. 1957. The two Medfly eradication programs in Florida. Citrus Indus. 38(12):7-8. re Bass, J. 1956. Uber die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege Ceratitis capitata Wied. Gesunde Pflanzen -8(1):5-9. Bassols de Barrera, I. and del Valle, G. 1956. Datos sobre la biologia y el combate de la mosca del Mediterraneo Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, 1824. Fitofilo 9(13):9-21. Benas, G. and Targe, A. 1956. La mouche des fruits en 1955. Phytoma 8(74):16-20. Benlloch, M. 1957/1958. La inspeccion de la naranja y otras frutas con respecto a la mosca Mediterranea (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Spain. Estac. de Fitopatol. Agrvapole Pate Veg. Ent. Agr. 23:1-14. Beran, F. 1956. Die Mittelmerrfruchtfliege, eine neue gefahr fl{r unseren obstbau! Pflanzenarzt 9(1):1. Berg, G. H. 1958. Campaign against the Mediterranean fruit fly in Costa Rica. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 6(4):53-56. Bers. eGaeH. 1958. wa smosica del Mediterraneo y sus ataques al cafe. Cafe de El Salvador 28(318/319) :281-282. Berg, G. H. 1959. Discovery of Mediterranean fruit fly. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 7(7):101-102. Bohn, H. 1956. Wie steht es um die Mittelmeerfruchtfliegengefahr? Pflanzenarzt 9(12):109-110. Bohn, H. 1958. Zum vorkommen der Mittelmeerfruchtf liege, Ceratitis capitata Wied., in Wiener Obstbaugebiet. Pflanzenschutzberichte 21(9/10):129-158. Engl. Sum. Brogdon, J. E. 1956. The Mediterranean fruit fly and its impor- tance in relation to mangos... Fla. Mango Forum Proc. 16:23- 26% Carmichael, W. W. 1956. Importation of Mediterranean fruit fly due to lax quarantine regulations. Citrus Mag. 18(11):10-11, Ge - 100 - | ‘Chancogne , M. and Viel, G. 1957. Comparaison de 1'action de | differentes substances insecticides sur Ceratitis capitata | Wied. Internatl. Cong. Crop Protect. Proc. 4(2):1297-1301. ‘Costantino, G. 1956. Artificial control of the larvae and pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wied.) in the soil by means of synthetic organic products and particu- larly heptachlor-based products. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc. 3(10):31-40. In Ital. Pub. 1958. Del Rivero, J. M. 1956. Nuevo procedimiento para combatir las moscas de la fruta y del olivo. Siembra pp. 6-11. Denmark, H. A. 1956. The Mediterranean fruit fly infests Florida | again: second report. Fla. Ent. 39(4):175-176. De Pietri-Tonelli, P. 1959. Ceratitis capitata, a solution to the | control problem. Instituto di Ricerche Agrarie, Soc. Montecatini, Milano, Contributi 3:89-91. In Ital., Engl. Sum. De Ptetien honed), Ps 1959 ‘Control of fruit fly. Tnstituito-di Ricerche Agrarie, Soc. Montecatini, Milano, Contributi See ZO eS) ee neta. PE nou Sumy. De Pietri-Tonelli, Barontini, A., and Santi, R. 1959. Experiments | in control of Ceratitis capitata Wied. Instituto di Ricerche Agrarie, Soc. Montecatini, Milano, Contributi 3:53-88. In Ital., Engl. Sum. Desmoras, J. 1959. Activites insecticides de composés organo- phosphores sur les larves de Ceratitis capitata W. appli- | cation au dosage biologique de 1l'endothion. Phytiatrie- | Phytopharm. 8(2):73-83. Dumas, P. 1956. Vers l'application de mesures preventives contre | la mouche Mediterranéenne des fruits. Phytoma 8(83):12-14. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 1957. | Ceratitis capitata Wied. Report of the Second International | Conference on Mediterranean Fruit Fly. European and Med. | Plant Protect. Organ. 67 pp. (Paris). Text in Engl. and Fr. Ezzat, M. A. 1958. A short note on the chemical control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) Diptera: Trypetidae. Agr. Res. Rev. 36(1):119. Feron, M. 1957. Le comportement de ponte de Ceratitis capitata Wied.: influence de la lumiere. Rev. de Path. Veg. et d'Ent. Agr. De France 36(3):127-143. Feron, M. 1958. Mise en evidence d'un stimulus significatif dans le comportement de ponte de Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Dipt. Trypetidae). Acad. des Sci. Compt. Rend. 246(10) :1590-1592. Feron, M., Delanoue, P., and Soria, F. 1958. L'élevage massif ] artificiel de Ceratitis capitata Wied. Entomophage 3(1):45- OME noire SUNDAE AHA Wir ml) ah okey feet = Od) = Feron, M. and Guennelon, G. 1958. La mouche des fruits dans la vallée du Rhone. Journées Fruitiéres et Maraichéres d'Avignon. pp. 39-44. Frezal, P. 1957. Action comparee du DDT et des formules insecti- cides et attractives sur la mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied). Phytiatrie-Phytopharm. 6(1):43-48. Gamero De La Torre, O. 1958. Trabajos de control de las moscas de la fruta Ceratitis capitata Wied y Anastrepha striata Schin. (Trypetidae). Rev. Peruana de Ent. Agr. 1(1):60-66. Georgala, M. B. 1958. Fruit fly control. Citrus Grower 292:1—-2Z- Georghiou, G. P. 1956. Contribution to the control of the Mediter- ranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wied.) on oranges with dieldrin and poisoned bait sprays. Cong. Internatl. de 1l'Agrumicult. Mediter. Livre 4:315-339. Pub. 1958. Georghiou, G. P. 1956. Control of Medfly on citrus. Cyprus Dept. Aor Educational leat. 3/56." 8) pp...Sup:. Gireau, G. and Ferand, G. 1958. L'utilisation du dibromethane dans la lutte contre la mouche des fruits. Phytoma 10(101): 7-10. Giunchi, P. 1958. The cherry fly and the Mediterranean fruit fly. In Goidanich, G., Ed. Le avversita delle piante agrarie E23) eco Sepp. kn ata. Grierson, W. and Hayward, W. F. 1957. Fumigation keeps fresh citrus. fruit moving. Fla. °Expt. Sta’. (Res. “Rpt. 2@1)iiG. Grunberg, A. 1956. A contribution to the control of the Mediter- ranean fruit fly. Cong. Internatl. de l'Agrumicult. Mediter. Livre 4:344-345. Pub. in 1958. Guennelon, G. and Feron, Ma. 998 al receptivite des peches aux attaques de Ceratitis capitata Wied dans la vallée du Rhone. France Inst. Natl. de la Rech. Agron. Ann. Ser. C, Ann. des Epiphyt. 9(3):355-370. Harper, R. W. 1956. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Calif. Citrog. 41(9):323, 337-340. Hennequin, J. 1957. Les résidus urbains et la mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans la region Parisienne. Phytoma 9(87) :29-32. Jenkins,.C. F.-H. and Shedley, D..G. 1956. The Mediterranean] truant fly. West. Austral. Dept. Agr. J. 5(3):341-342, 345-346, 349-351. Jenkins, C. F.°H. and Shedley, D. G. 1959. Insect’ pests andy ther, control. The Mediterranean fruit fly. West. Austral. Dept. Acr J. Ser. 3, SCD) Joal—oo4 Dota oae. - 102 - Kerr, S. H. 1957. Station tests reveal facts about plant injury by pesticide sprays of importance in Medfly campaign. Fla. Expt. | Sta. Res. Rpt. 2(1):4-5. Lupo, V. 1956. Present state of control of the fruit fly | (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Not. Sulle Mal. Delle Piante 37/38(16/17) : 149-167. In Ital. Mariconi, F. A. M. 1958. Pests of the coffee-tree. IV. Sao Paulo | Supt. dos Serv. do Cafe Bul. 33(373):25-27. In Por. “Martinez Andreu, A. 1956. La mosca del Mediterraneo. Rev. de Agr. 39(2) :34-36. ‘Martino, E. Di. 1956. The fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) on citrus. Riv. Di Agrumicolt. 1(11/712):479-502. In Ital. “McElwee, E. W. 1956. Research in the ornamental field in control | of Mediterranean fruit fly. Fla. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 69:379-380. ‘Melis, A. and Zocchi, R. 1958. The present state of the problem | of Ceratitis capitata Wied. Riv. della Ortoflorofrutticolt. Ital. 42(11/12):538-546. In Ital. \Messenger, P. S. and Flitters, N. E. 1959. Effect of variable temperature environments on egg development of three species of fruit flies. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 52(2):191-204. ‘Michel, R., Tissot, M., Ferand, G., and Milaire, LH. 1958. La mouche Mediterranéenne des fruits dans la région lyonnaise. Phytoma 10(95):33-38. Milaire, H. 1956. Note sur le deve loppement et le caractere des attaques de la mouche Mediterraneenne des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans la moyenne Vallee du Rhone. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 42(10):504-508. Milaire, H. 1959. La mouche Mediterraneenne des fruits. Pomol. Branes Gn .S.)) 7:9-13.. Morse, R. A. and Robinson, F. A. 1957. Honey bees and the | Mediterranean fruit fly spray program. Fla. Ent. 40(2):65-67. oakley, R. G., Hidalgo, J., and Mabry, J. E., Jr. 1956. Report on personnel training and survey results for the Mediterranean fruit fly in Central America, Panama, and British Honduras for the period May 2 to July 12, 1956. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv., Plant Quar. Br. 14 pp. Oren, R. 1958. Control of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Israel. Span 1:17-20. Otte, W. 1956. Beobachtungen an der Mittelmeerfruchtfliege | (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) im laboratorium. Anz. f. | Schidlingsk. 29(9):142-145. Piltz, Hie 1958. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Deutschland. Anz. f. Schaddlingsk. 31(12):177-180. Engl. Sum. - 103 - Planes Garcia, S. 1958. Estudios sobre la ecologia de la Ceratitis capitata en la zona naranjera del Levante espanol y nuevo procedimiento de lucha contra la misma. Cong. Internatl. de l'Agrumicult. Mediter. 4:346-364. Planes Garcia, S. 1959. Estado actual de los medios de lucha contra la mosca de los frutos, Ceratitis capitata, y mosca del olivo, Dacus oleae. Spain, Estac. de Fitopatol. Agr. Bul. de Pat. Veg. y Ent. Agr. 24:51-66. Plant Pest Control Branch and Entomology Research Branch. 1956. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Methods of eradication. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-301. 8 pp. Popham, W. L. 1957. Medfly eradication. Amer. Fruit Grower West. Ed) @7-GA1 54. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1957. A new attracting substance to Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) for poisoned bait sprays. Biologico 23(9):181-184. In Por., Engl. Sum. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1957. Attempts to control "fruit flies" Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha sp. by means of poison bait dusts. Biologico 23(2):21-25. In Por. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1957. Preliminary trials in control of the "Mediterranean fruit fly"--Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) -- by means of application of insecticides to the soil. Biologico 23(4):61-69. In Por. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1957. Screening tests of chemicals for liquid bait in traps as attractants to "Mediterranean fruit fly"’--Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). Sao Paulo Inst. Biol. Arq. 24(10):137-148. In Por., Engl. Sum. Pub. 1958. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1957. Studies on Some attracting substances employed as dry baits to the "Mediterranean fruit fly"--Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)--and using a new technique. Sao Paulo Inst. Biol. Arq. 24(11):151-161. In Por., Engl. Sum. Pub. 1958. Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1958. Field experiments in the control of "fruit flies''--Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha mombinpraeoptans Sein--realized in 1957. Biologico 24(1): = 2 haan Pors Puzzi, D. and Orlando, A. 1958. Progress on fruit fly control in Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 6(12):184-188. Puzzi, D.-; Orlando, A., and Ribas, W. €. 1957. The use ote ily — catcher" bottles in the control of "fruit flies." Biologico 23(10):189-196. In Por. Quintanilla, R. H. 1957. Emplazamiento de los moSqueros en funcion de la atraccion ejercida en la *'mosca de los frutos” (Ceratitis capitata). Buenos Aires Univ. Facul. de Agron. y Vet. Rev. 14(1):71-75. Engl. Sum. - 104 - Rivnay, E. 1956. Studies on the control of the fruit fly in Valencia orange groves in Israel. Israel Agr. Res. Sta. Ktavim 6:101-109. Robinson, F. A. and Kelsheimer, E. G. 1957. Beekeeping and Mediterranean fruit fly eradication. Amer. Bee J. 97(5):192- TOS) Rohwer, G. G. 1957. Eradication of the Mediterranean fruit fly. (Abs.), Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 3(3):38. Rohwer, G. G. 1957. Status of Medfly eradication program in Florida. Citrus Indus. 38(5):7-9. Rohwer, G. G. 1958. The Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida--past, present, and future. Fla. Ent. 41(1):23-25. Ruehle, G. D. 1956. Research on sub-tropical fruits as a result of Mediterranean fruit fly eradication program. Fla. State Hort. Soe. Proc. 69:287-289. Russo, G. 1959. Experiments in the biological control of the olive fly (Dacus oleae) and the fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Italy. Portici Lab. di Ent. Agr. "Filippo Silvestri’ Bol. 17:131-142. In Ital., Engl. Sum. Sacantanis, K. B. 1956/1957. La foret d'arganier. Le plus grand foyer de Ceratitis capitata Wied. connu au monde. Lab. di Ene Agr ora lippo Silvestri” Bol. 1571-53. Salas F., L. A. 1958. Informe sobre el estudio de la mosca del Mediterraneo en Costa Rica. Costa Rica Univ. Pub. Ser. Agron. Ibs) Bs. joyae ¢ Sandor, E. N. 1957. Protection against the introducing and dissemination of the Mediterranean fruit-fly. Agrartudomany 9(8):45-47. In Hung. Schmidt, E. 1956. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege: gast oder einwanderer? Gesunde Pflanzen 8(5):94-96. Schwitulla, H. 1958. Ein gerat zum fang von fruchtfliegen. Gesunde Pflanzen 10(4):78, 80. Shepherd, D. R. 1957. Eradication of Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 5(7):101-103. Mitt bo 1 I95641Control of fruit.flies. Farming’ So. Africa 31(358) : 29-30. Steiner, L. F., Mitchell, W. C., and Ohinata, K. 1958. Fruit fly control with poisoned-bait sprays in Hawaii. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-33-3, rev. 5 pp. Templado, J. 1957. Sobre la prediccion de las plagas ocasionadas por la mosca de las frutas. Spain. Inst. De Biol. Apl. Pub. 295:139-145. Engl. Sum. - 105 - Tominic, A. 1959. Fruit fly -- A new noxious member of our entomofauna. Zastita Bilja 55:3-14. In Serb., Engl. Sum. Toscani, H. A. 1958. Ensayos de control de "Ceratitis capitata” (mosca del Mediterraneo) en el Delta del Paran&. IDIA 123: 123:29-32. Touzeau, J. 1958. La lutte contre deux parasites tres dangereux pour l'arboriculture tunisienne: la mouche des fruits et l'hylesine de l'olivier. Vignobles Jard. et Vergers de Tunisie 12:21-27. U.S. Agricultural Research Service. 1956. Some questions and answers about Mediterranean fruit fly. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 5 pp. U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Branch. 1956. Manual of approved treatment procedures to be used under the Mediterranean fruit fly quarantine. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv., Plant Pest Cont. Br. 14 pp. van de Pol, P. H. 1957. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Netherlands Dir. Van De Tuinbouw Meded. 20(1):36-38. In Du., Engl. Sum. Increase in various European countries. Viel, G. and Catelot-Goldman, C. 1957. Efficacite sur Ceratitis capitata Wied des fumigations des peches au dibromethane. Phytiatrie-Phytopharm. 6(1):15-17. Viel, G. and Chancogne, M. 1957. Toxicite d'ingestion de quelques insecticides pour Ceratitis capitata Wied. Phytiatrie- Phytopharm. 6(4):217-221. Wille, J. E. 1956. La mosca Mediterranea de la fruta. Vida Agr. 33(390):345, 347-348. Wil ere Je he 1958. La mosca Mediterranea Ceratitis capitata Wied, en el Pert. Rev. Peruana de Ent. Agr. 1(1):59-60. Wolfenbarger, D. O. 1957. EDB properly used against Medfly does not injure nursery and greenhouse plants. Fla. Agr. Expt. Stas “Res; Rpt *2(1) 73. Wolfenbarger, D. O. 1957. Notes and comments on the second Mediterranean fruit fly infestation. Fla. Ent. 40(1):29-31. Wolfenbarger, D. O. 1957. Test work on some sub-tropical fruits and ornamental plants in connection with the Mediterranean fruit fly. Fla. State Hort. Soc: Proe. 70:275=27¢% U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt... Technical Support Staff 23(8):100-106, 1973 - 106 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 4 SMINLISMIA122 34037 epee THSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR ES SMITHSONIAN INST HINGTGN CC 20560 ee VOL. 23 NO. 9 March 2, 1973 SS G23 me7 7 Zxt- Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 March 2, 1973 Number 9 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ALFALFA WEEVIL egg hatch and larvae in alfalfa terminals observed in southern Oklahoma. (p. 109). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak may continue in North Carolina. Activity of an ENGRAVER BEETLE reported in Alabama. (p. 110). First EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE swarms of season reported in Maryland and Kentucky. (p. 110). Detection New State records include an ERIOPHYID MITE from Virginia (p. 109) and a PENTATOMID BUG from Missouri (p. 111). For new county and island records see page 111. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Forage Legume (p. 113) Soybeans (p. 119) Peanuts (p. 120) Tobacco (p. 122) Sugar Beets (p. 123) Miscellaneous Field Crops (p. 123) Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil. Map. (p. 116). Distribution of Western Corn Rootworm. Map. (p. 124). Reports in this issue are for week ending February 23 unless otherwise indicated. - 107 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance...... Drees ca oy UL Ow) Insects Affecting Smal GraaniSiwa sete heron neuen. 109. Man and: Anamailiisi..). 2.2 Sooo ole Forage Legumes.............-l109 Households and Structures..110 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Tene nae Miscellaneous Wild Plants..111 Ornamentals....... Re -l09" Stored: Products: 253 34s Forest and Shade Trees. ee si Benexthvediads TMSe Git Shey a rlroabare wenslio th ee ever stan ea eee rene cicelial SeOMR TOROS scsi s oles ome ones Federal and State Plant Protection: Programs. MOO mocodoooe no ot DOTS tETPON 6. 6ii5, ob eo cedes SreeNatenemousuens eis Suet shes Selsey ec eulsuee seo eene Perec icis siareog JIL IL Light Trap Collections... .isccuéelec cases sl. She Hawaii Insect Report........ BNohaweliew aise coralene grid Bea saulenjer ena eens wlsvegeinie selele2 Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Forage Legumes. SOO RCNCTIE CREE EC ear oi See ote et eta a au eae Prareinca a o.oo dbdls) Soybeans....... Pgh 1G Orc OO GO -CaE ORG Ley cB OTe ic Cone moos Seema acts cr 150 Baroreriiced eal LS) PEBINWUS crap silanol ser oncucie herorel stie ver eb ersice tettelel oltaretereielaleh mausmenen ener aceon & asi spec sues ep Cotton co. sis cee ait sprgen atalclealanemavtenarevienslieite PCE GrCLOVe atopeueeveatye os) dus are ores erento O) Tobacco. Pee ieenokericantd Osco Oia eneuesoh Binh Me srods Sale oi ten totem 5 boo Sioo 5 LA Sugar Beets. Alston ones airelge Gidosolo ONoO 16-6) Bs pibahbichearucueie coe Bepecieeaeo. dud 6 sE23 Miscellaneous Field Crepse solen uae eiekiene paretiow sualroueuene Gocoedccon co lB Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil. Wap. ln estate Distribution of Western Corn Rootworm. Map....... Siento se nee ae Ses AS WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 26 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Precipitation early in the week was mostly spotty and light. Fog shrouded the interior valleys of California. Cloudy weather prevailed from the northern and central Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes. Light scattered snow flurries occurred in portions of this area. Freezing drizzle iced spots in the upper Mississippi River Valley. Drizzle was seen along the western Gulf coast and rain splashed down in central and southern Florida. Fog in California dissipated in a day or so. A storm off the coast of Raja California pumped moist Pacific air across the Mexican border into the dry Southwest. Rain fell from southern California to central and southern Texas. Snow fell at times in the mountains of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Warm rain fell on the snow pack in some mountainous sections of Arizona and New Mexico and caused a rapid runoff. By midweek, the storm had crossed northern Mexico and was producing rain as far east as Louisiana. Snow accumulated to 5 inches at Carrizozo and Roldoso, New Mexico. Phoenix, Arizona, received 0.86 inch of rain and 1.25 inches fell at Tucson in the 48 hours ending early Thursday morning. Flurries continued from the northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Three inches fell at Detroit, Michigan, Wednesday forenoon. Snow spread over the Northeast late Wednesday and Thursday. A storm off the middle Atlantic coast increased activity in the Northeast. A western storm continued dumping snow in the southwestern mountains from Arizona to Texas. Grand Canyon, Arizona, received a foot of new snow early Thursday and by noon, Weather of the week continued on page 112. - 108 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ‘ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged less than one per yard on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (Mathews). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light, 2-8 per linear foot, on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Ranged 0-16 per row foot of small grains in Wilbarger, Foard, Archer, Knox, Haskell, and Throck- morton Counties. Light in Jones and Motley Counties. (Boring). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ALABAMA - All stages light to heavy in association with extreme case of barley yellow dwarf virus on oats planted for erosion control along new highway roadbed in Lee County. (McQueen). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Ranged O-10 per row foot in small grains in Throckmorton, Haskell, Knox, Archer, Wilbarger, Foard, and Wichita Counties. Light in Jones County. (Boring). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA - Egg counts per square foot by county: February 10 - Garfield, Alfalfa, Woods, Wood- ward 9-16; Major 33; Grant 64. February 15 - Payne 130. Egg hatch noted February 16 in Stephens County and larvae found in alfalfa terminals in southern Bryan County February 21. (Okla. Coop. Soy ye PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Averaged 550+ per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Boop. Sux). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - FLORIDA - Caused severe damage to 200 acres of 9 to 10-week-old tomatoes in Immokalee area, Collier County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ORNAMENTALS AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Trisetacus juniperinus) - VIRGINIA - Severely infested Japanese garden juniper, Juniperus procumbens, in Falls Chuaceh. Kairtax County. Collected January 18, 1973), by J.A. Weidhass. Determined by H.H. Keifer. This is a new State record. (Weidhaas). LONGTAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus longispinus) - FLORIDA —- Nymphs and adults severely infested 24 of 40 sago palms, Cycas revoluta, around public building at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Fla. Coop. Sui.) GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Abundant on weeds, ornamentals, and bedding plants in all areas of Salt River Valley, Maaicopa County. (Ariz) Coop. Sux.) . - 109 - FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Outbreak detected during November and December 1972 on Grand- father Ranger District of Pisgah National Forest in McDowell County. Estimated 997 actively infested trees per 1,000 acres of host type in 6-12 locations. Brood densities averaged 461 forms per square foot of bark surface. This condition conducive to continuation of outbreak in area. (USFS). ALABAMA - Group of ten shortleaf pines, ranging from 15 to 25 feet high at edge of 1972 infestation in Chambers County recently died. This is further evidence that overwintered broods are active and pose threat to pines in State during 1973. (McQueen). AN ENGRAVER BEETLE (Ips calligraphus) - ALABAMA - First new pitch tubes of season noted on 60-foot pine tree in Auburn, Lee County. Moved from nearby tree killed in 1972 which now has light over- wintering brood. Fresh pitch tubes indicate adults in flight. Activity seems earlier than usual as temperatures in area averaged 6 degrees below normal. (McQueen). DEODAR WEEVIL (Pissodes nemorensis) - MISSISSIPPI - Leader damage evident on 15-foot Ioblolly pines in Choctaw and Webster Counties... (Robinson). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period February 11-17, all in South Texas. Total of 42 cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 64,830,000, all in Texas. Total of 130,970,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Survey for over- wintering adults in infested counties still negative. Overwinter- ing adults have been located in State. (Robinson). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 2 per animal on backs of Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Delaware County, moderate in Osage County, and light in Payne Countyn, (Okla. Coop. {Sux CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus, heavy on cattle in Major, Delaware, and Cotton Counties, moderate in Payne and Osage Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Lincolnscounty me (Ok las COOpe SUE.) . HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES OLDHOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - TENNESSEE - All stages collected February 22, 1973, by C.D. Gordon in home in Davidson County. Larval damage to furniture extensive. This is a new county record. (Gordon). OR EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MARYLAND - ‘First swarm of season reported at Beltsville, Prince Georges ‘County. Peak flight activity not expected for another 4 weeks. (APHIS). KENTUCKY - First record of swarming received February 22 from Pendleton County. (Barnett, Scheibner). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - FLORIDA - Adults severely infesting stems and leaves of 40 percent of 500 purple passion plants, Gynura aurantiaca, at Apopka, Orange County. (Fla. Coop. SUI.) STORED PRODUCTS INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunectella) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in miscellaneous feed in store at Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A PENTATOMID (Euthyrhynchus floridanus) - MISSOURI - This pre- daceous species collected on oak at Portageville, New Madrid County, September 28, 1972, by E.C. Houser. Determined by W.S. Craig. This is a new State record. (Munson). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - MISSOURI - This parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) recovered from alfalfa field in Ray County February 6, 1973, by J.L. Huggans. This is a new county record. (Munson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Lint cleaner inspections showed averages of 80 per bale in Bryan County and 60 per bale in Coal County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - TEXAS - Mounds numerous on rangeland in southern part of Brazos County, near Millican. (Williamson). DETECTION New State Records - AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Trisetacus juniperinus) - VIRGINIA — Fairfax County (p. 109). A PENTATOMID (Euthyrhynchus floridanus) - MISSOURI - New Madrid County (p. 111). New County and Island Records - ACACIA PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) HAWAII — Lanai (p. 112). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectis curculionis) MISSOURI - Ray. (p. 111). OLDHOUSE BORER (Hy lotrupes -bajulus) TENNESSEE - Davidson (p. 110). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 2/16-22, BL - GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia Ssubterranea) 4. - 111 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) generally moderate, occasionally heavy, in snap beans at Kurtistown, Hawaii About 80 percent of leaves with larval mines. Light in small plantings of green onions at Manoa and Koko Head, Oahu; ranged 10-17 percent of leaves infested. (Matayoshi, Otsuka). Fruits and Nuts - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) caused heavy damage to terminals of roadside Eugenia cumini at Kipahulu and Hana, Maui; eggs heavy on young leaves. (Miyahira). Man and Animals —- Mosquito collections during January from 58 light traps on Oahu totaled 496 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 6,299 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes Catches ranged 0-280 at Kwa. Culex catches ranged 0-4,665 at Waipahu. (Mosq. Control Br. State Dept. of Health). Forest and Shade Trees - Erratic populations of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) ranged trace to heavy under loose bark and debris at bases of kiawe (Prosopis pallida) trees from Waianae to Ewa and Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu. ACACIA PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) nymphs and adults noted on young terminals of Acacia koa near Lanai City, Lanai, February 6, 1971, for a new island record, P. uncatoides has now been reported from every major island except Molokai. (Beardsley). Weather of the week continued from page 108. | Guadlupe Pass, Texas, and Flagstaff, Arizona, received 11.5 | inches of new snow bringing their seasonal totals to 116.7 inches} Not in the last 2 decades has so much snow fallen in any season tc} the end of February. Fog combined with snow in parts of eastern Arizona Thursday afternoon and evening. This increased the hazards of automobile driving. As the weekend approached, moist gulf air flowed northward over the western Great Plains continuing) precipitation over the southern Rocky Mountains. Winds blowing across the Great Lakes picked up moisture and produced snow from the Lee shores of the Lakes to New England. Fair skies prevailed over the central Great Plains. The weekend precipitation included | light to moderate rain along the Pacific coast, light sprinkles along the gulf coast, and snow flurries from the Great Lakes to the northern and middle Atlantic coast. Strong winds accompanied rain in some places in the Far West. Snow accumulated to about 10. inches in spots near the Great Lakes. i TEMPERATURE: Fair weather prevailed over much of the Nation ear Lyi in the week. Temperatures Monday afternoon, February 19, ranged from below freezing in the central Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains to the 60's in the Florida Peninsula and 70's in southern California. Temperatures dropped 10 below freezing Tuesday morning over the entire nation except along the Pacific coast, the Mexican border, the Gulf of Mexico and the southern Atlantic coasts. Tallahassee, Florida, registered 31 degrees Tuesday morning. Subzero weather occurred in northeastern North Dakota, northern Minnesota, and the central Rocky Mountains. Weather of the week continued on page 122. = 2 SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1972 (Continued from page 99) ) BORAGE LEGUMES Meh lights: ALFALFA WEEVIL heavy on alfalfa in many Eastern States; most heavy damage in Maryland restricted to western area, decline noted in southwest Pennsylvania for first time since 1969, This weevil reported for first time in 27 counties in Iowa, 28 Counties in Texas, and is now statewide in Kansas. PEA APHID was eavy on alfalfa in some areas. ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER was of some concern in several Northeastern States. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) counts averaged 21 adults and 35 larvae per 100 sweeps May 23 in Berkshire County, MASSACHUSETTS. By the third week of June no adults were collected. Larval popula- tions increased rapidly to 2,480 per 100 sweeps by June Bip ffemained above 2,000 for 14 days, then decreased to 27 per 100 sweeps by June 27. Damage was spotty. Larval populations increased in all regions of PENNSYLVANIA except the southwest where a decline was recorded for the first time since 1969. Acreage treated for alfalfa weevil increased only slightly mn 1972. Alfalfa weevil larvae were first noted on alfalfa in DELAWARE during early April. Injury was moderate in a few fields with counts of 50 larvae per sweep but damage was light in most areas. Populations and damage were slightly heavier than 1971 levels in MARYLAND. Most economic damage was restricted to 6 western counties. Populations were very light in areas outside ppplied on 2,000 acres. Pupation peaked late in May and was omplete by the second week in June. Damage decreased below »conomic levels the first week in June. Damage by alfalfa weevil yas heavier in WEST VIRGINIA than in the past 3 years. Heaviest { lamage occurred along the Ohio River and some southern counties. \lfalfa weevil eggs began hatching in Charlotte County, VIRGINIA, March 1, with larvae ranging 5-7 per alfalfa tip. By March 3, about 5 percent of the tips in Powhatan County were infested with first Ind second-instar larvae. By March 31, about 60 percent of the ‘lelds surveyed exceeded economic levels. Damage was heaviest in the southern Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas. By April 21, average lefoliation was 15 percent for all fields surveyed. Infestations rere heavier than the previous 2 years with severe damage in the torthern Piedmont counties of Orange, Culpeper, Stafford, Fauquier, nd Clarke. Alfalfa weevil populations throughout SOUTH CAROLINA rere not as heavy as in 1971. Many growers obtained adequate control "ith one treatment rather than the normal two. lfalfa weevil was heavy on the 3,000 acres of alfalfa still grown nN ALABAMA, and controls were applied. This pest also damaged hite clover, vetch, and other legumes in the State. Larvae were irst noted on alfalfa in Tipton County, TENNESSEE, during the yecond week of March. By March 24, populations in older fields were ‘hove control levels, while in new fields they were still non- ‘conomic. By late April, damage in older fields was moderate to - 113 - ; | heavy. Where no controls had been applied, damage was severe and 5 or more larvae per stalk were common. Controls applied by April 15 gave moderate to good results. Populations in KENTUCKY after the first cutting did not reach control levels again’. Dhev tancsht Significant number of early larvae were found in Kentucky in mid- February on about 10 percent of alfalfa tips. First major popula-— tions developed in the south-central and western areas in mid-— April. Average infestations at that time ranged” from!) 60) "toms per cent. During April, May, and June some untreated alfalfa had infestations of 2,500-3,500 larvae per 100 Sweeps. In these fields, defoliation ranged 75-90 percent. Statewide losses on untreated alfalfa averaged about 50 percent. Larval populations began to decline in early June and by early July most fields in the northern areas exhibited larval counts of less than 50 per 100 sweeps. Almost all alfalfa in Kentucky required treatment in OM Alfalfa weevil larvae were first found on Aprils 1) ine eiimton County, OHIO. By May 3, 10-25 percent of alfalfa terminals in Holmes County were damaged. Damage reached 25 percent in Noble County by May 10. Destruction of first-cutting alfalfa occurred in Auglaize, Madison, and Wayne Counties. Adult weevils were first found in the northern two-thirds of the State on August 1, two months earlier than usual. Mid-August egg counts made in Pickaway and Hancock Counties were 14 per square foot-and 71 per square foot, respectively. Many growers in MICHIGAN cut alfalfa early (late-bud to first-flowers stage) to avoid damage by alfalfa weevil and thus reduced spraying for control. Alfalfa weevil occurred on all alfalfa grown in INDIANA. First larvae were present by the end of March in most southern districts and 21 days later they had removed 50 percent of the leaf surface in some fields. Peak larval populations occurred between April 24 and June 6. Leaf loss was 50+ percent in some fields along the Ohio River by the end of April. Alfalfa weevil development began much earlier than normal in ILLINOIS. Unseasonably warm weather in late February resulted in early egg hatch and damage. With favorable weather conditions during April, larvae increased tenfold in some southern counties, where larvae averaged 1,300 per 100 sweeps in Jackson and Perry Counties. Within 7 days, counts increased 10 to 100 times in the southern third of the State. The southwest crop district averaged over 8,300 larvae per 100 sweeps. During the first week of May, economic populations of 20 larvae per Sweep could be found through-+ out the southern half of the State. Peak numbers in the Johnson County area ranged 50-200 larvae per sweep. Little economic damage | was evident in the northern half of the State. About 104,000 acres of alfalfa were treated in Illinois in 1972. Damage to first-crop | alfalfa was light in all areas of WISCONSIN and no controls were necessary in 1972. Larval parasitism by Bathyplectes sp. (an ichneumon wasp) ranged 80-96 percent in the southern area early in June and 33-80 percent in the northwest early) in oouiby. Microctonus aethiops (a braconid wasp), an adult parasite of alfalfa weevil, was released in Sauk County in mid-June. Alfalfa weevil egg hatch and first larvae were noted during the week of May 15 in MINNESOTA. Egg laying and hatch extended over many weeks and larvae could still be found July 19. Populations were light andj of no economic importance on alfalfa. Six counties were found infested for the first time in Minnesota. Alfalfa weevil larvae - 114 - were first observed on alfalfa May 11 in Henry County, IOWA, Larvae and/or adults were collected in 27 previously unreported counties in 1972. The peak larval population of 10-22 per sweep was observed in Wayne County May 26 where 25-50 percent of the tips showed feeding. Larvae collected June 7 in Wayne, Mahaska, and Appanoose Counties were 33-93 percent parasitized by paulyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp). Alfalfa weevil continued to be the most important insect on alfalfa in MISSOURI. Overwintering egg counts made in the fall in southern areas ranged 20-1,275 per square foot. Hatching was observed in late February in southern areas and by mid-March as far north as the Missouri River. On April 15, larvae ranged 200-1,500 per 10 Sweeps in all southern areas. Adults ranged 1-40 per 10 sweeps by early May and by mid-May, warranted controls in a few fields. Economic infestations were observed throughout Missouri with the exception of the northwest area. Infestations developed earlier in ARKANSAS than any time since the pest was first recorded in the State in 1963. Larvae were active in Logan County in late February. Viable eggs were collected in Washington County in late February, followed by the first larval collection in the area March 2. This was about one month earlier than in 1971. There was 2 long period of egg hatch and larval infestation which indicated hat a large percentage of the eggs that were laid the previous winter and spring survived and hatched. In Logan County some ields were treated as many as 3 times. Alfalfa weevil larvae vere heavy on alfalfa in Burleson County, TEXAS, January 28. arvae ranged 20-200 per square foot and eggs 20- 132 per square foot. Alfalfa weevil was found for the first time in 29 Texas rounties in 1972. All stages of alfalfa weevil were active in the southern half of OKLAHOMA by mid-February. Egg counts of 1,000+ per square foot were found in Grady County by early March. “Hears lamage occurred in the southeastern two-thirds of the State during Bch. April, and May. Activity continued until the end of June in some areas. Adults began moving back into fields in early November. t Alfalfa weevil became a major pest of alfalfa in KANSAS for the first time. Most severe damage occurred in the southeast where ap to 75 percent of terminals were damaged in some fields. By late April, some heavy infestations were found in Barber and Sumner Counties and by the second week of May, some heavily infested fields in Elk, Chautauqua, Montgomery, Labette, Crawford, ind Bourbon Counties were 40-80 percent defoliated. Adult weevils Were heavy in alfalfa in many southeast counties during mid- September indicating movement back into fields for fall egg laying. \lfalfa weevil was collected during May in Phillips County and is tow found in all counties in Kansas. Alfalfa weevil was recorded for the first time in 17 NEBRASKA Counties in 1972. Populations senerally increased throughout the State, reaching economic levels na small number of fields in Dawson and Lincoln Counties. Populations peaked about June 5 when larvae in the Gothenburg and vozad area ranged 272-2,840 per 100 sweeps before cutting. In cut fields, larvae ranged 2-147 per 100 sweeps. Populations in Otoe Sounty peaked May 29, when larvae averaged 38 and adults 0.54 per .00 sweeps in 12 fields. A few weevils were still active in Dawson founty fields September 20-21. Populations are expected to increase ext year. Alfalfa weevil larvae were damaging irrigated alfalfa »y June 9 in McKenzie and Williams Counties, NORTH DAKOTA. Infestations in some fields averaged 5,000 larvae per 100 Sweeps. - 115 - ES SE EIPEN SLO LD LN ER Ly TR ET Te LET “OTT! (GEG BL6 FRE Fa THT OIL TASS VERE BARA OAT Se aS e une od ee co PoysesuT poyrodoy yasn ‘oopasog wOTsSOUSUT WITH UTA pus TeUTUY ‘a8y "ydeq *s*n LD Suvrdorg OUTLUBIENY puv UOTJ90}0Aq JUVTd TL61 ‘Te raquaceq JJeIS Yaoddng [Tvofuyoo, pux fo9Aang yseq Aq poaredorg 0} a«otad paysoyuy A seen Ay eons ae ay BK Z ) ae en by ay a atk: nee od 1} ! eee | ‘ NWS ft} 2 [7 eae ey as ie ial uy a Dy Ags en Cy , U “A LY BEN Oty Ae i poisod vnsadhpy [HAVEN = BJIDJJy JO. UOLINUASIQ y : Beare and damage were evident on second and third cuttings until “the end of September. Infestations and damage were much heavier Gehan in 1971 due to delayed harvest of all 3 cuttings. bi Alfalfa weevil was heavier than normal in eastern COLORADO. Adults became active by the first week in March. Egg laying was ‘noted by mid-March. Larval populations were encountered in early “April in the Arkansas Valley and in mid-May in western and ‘northeastern areas. Larvae ranged 150-300 per 10 sweeps in many areas with a large acreage of alfalfa receiving treatments. Alfalfa weevil injury was unusually severe over much of UTAH, causing an estimated $4,000,000 loss to forage and seed alfalfa crops. Parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) was generally heavy during late May and June. Alfalfa weevil caused heavy damage to alfalfa in Custer, Richland, Dawson, Wibaux, Fallon, and Carter Counties, MONTANA. A total of 36,000 acres was lost in the first and second cuttings. Alfalfa weevil larvae required controls on 30,000 acres of alfalfa in Canyon County, IDAHO, by May 25. This was twice the acreage treated in 1971. By early June, larvae ranged up to 100 per sweep in Lincoln County. Jefferson County infestations in June were heavier than recorded for many years. In Twin Falls County, larvae ranged 492-698 per 25 sweeps June 26 and 50 per 25 sweeps July 21. Over 150,000 acres were treated statewide. Alfalfa weevil egg laying began in NEVADA in late March but unfavorable weather retarded hatch and larval development until May when economic populations developed rapidly. Peak larval populations (up to 300+ per sweep) and damage occurred in late May and early June. Controls began in mid-May and continued until mid-June. Alfalfa weevil continued to |be a Serious pest of alfalfa in central and southern OREGON, \where damage was severe in Crook, Grant, Jefferson, and Klamath Counties. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) was a serious pest to crimson clover seed production in central ALABAMA. Only 900 acres were harvested in 1972 as compared to 1,200 acres in 1971 and 2,220 acres in 1970. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) population peaks occurred state- wide in OHIO during late June and late August. Record infestations in alfalfa were 20 aphids per sweep in Ashland County and 30 per Sweep in Mercer County during the second peak. Predators, especially Nabis americoferis, responded rapidly and by September 7 had undergone a 5-50 fold increase in number. Populations remained below normal throughout the season in ILLINOIS and caused very little economic damage. By mid-May, populations ranged 100- '500 per 100 sweeps in fields in the southern half of the State. ‘The heaviest infestations occurred in Whiteside and Carroll ‘Counties and ranged 10-50 per sweep. Egg hatch began about April 27 in 4-inch alfalfa in WISCONSIN. Winged forms were noted May 24. Pea aphid counts of 1-3 per sweep were typical early in June, with up to 60 per sweep in some fields. Heavy populations were observed in the northwest in late June, where alfalfa contained 30-70 per Sweep and peas 20-40 per sweeps. Counts of 70 per sweep were noted in southwestern area alfalfa in September. Predators were common in alfalfa most of the growing season and parasitism and disease increased late in October. = Ih = Pea aphid was heavy (up to 1,000 per sweep) on second-crop alfalfa in Traill, Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties, NORTH DAKOTA. Second-cutting yields were reduced in areas where moisture was short. Moderate to heavy infestations in alfalfa in several south-central and southwest OKLAHOMA counties by early March and in the rest of the State, except the Panhandle, by late March. Scattered, moderate infestations continued through June. Some problems were observed on first-cutting alfalfa in spring in the Arkansas Yalley of COLORADO. Most populations were noneconomic with numbers below 40 per 10 sweeps. Very few control efforts were made or needed. Pea aphid required controls on several thousand acres of alfalfa in Millard and other counties in UTAH. Populations were lighter than normal in several counties where the summer was hotter than usual. Infestations in IDAHO were extensive. There were 150,000 acres of alfalfa infested on the Snake River Plains with some fields treated 3 times to prevent plant stunting. Collections varied from 800 aphids per 25 sweeps in Twin Falls County alfalfa June 26 to 5,000 per sweep in "hot spots" on August 22. ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) larvae infested 40-50 percent of leaves before first cutting in many alfalfa fields in MAINE. All fields checked were infested,although this is the first year this pest has been reported in the State. (See CEIR Vol. 22, No. 37:616). This blotch-miner was found in all alfalfa in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Infestation ranged 40-90 percent of leaves mined. Sampling began May 23 in Berkshire County, MASSACHUSETTS, where 303 adults per 100 sweeps were collected from alfalfa. By May 30, mines were becoming evident, and adults had increased to 593 per 100 sweeps. Damage ranged from light to heavy. The peak adult sample was taken June 3 with 1,210 per 100 sweeps. Damage reached 26 percent of leaflets mined by mid- June and peaked July 17 with 40 percent of leaflets mined. Adults were still present in mid-September and mines were evident through the end of September. Heavy alfalfa leaf blotch-miner adult populations were first found in VERMONT in Hartland, Windsor County, May 26. It has now been found infesting alfalfa in all counties of the State. A. frontella adults were collected in 7 fields in Northampton and Bucks Counties, PENNSYLVANIA, May 11. Mines were found in 0.24-38 percent of leaflets sampled in 4 alfalfa fields in the same areas July 3. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) larvae were light on alfalfa in Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves, Lea, Roosevelt, Curry, and Quay Counties, NEW MEXICO, during June. Late season buildup was evident in fourth and fifth cuttings of alfalfa in Chaves and Eddy Counties. Many fields required treatment. Larvae damaged alfalfa in ARIZONA from July through October to the extent that cutting did not control population buildups. Growers generally treated fields in July in Yuma County, August in Maricopa County, and October in Graham County. Alfalfa caterpillar was very heavy on alfalfa in the Curlew Valley of Box Elder County, UTAH, in late summer. Infestations were generally light to moderate elsewhere in the State. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was active in alfalfa in OKLAHOMA from late March into mid-November. Counts of 25-40 per 10 sweeps were found in many western counties from late September to mid-November. Larvae were more common than usual in alfalfa in INDIANA, economic in only one field in Jennings County. Counts ranged up to 6 per sweep in late August. - 118 - GRASSHOPPER populations were slightly heavier than normal in ILLINOIS and resulted in light feeding damage in alfalfa and clover. Numbers were as high as 30 per square yard in roadside grasses in several northern counties during July. The fall adult survey in alfalfa and clover indicated a State average of about 5 grasshoppers per square yard. Approximately 83,000 acres received control treatments. Nymphs of Melanoplus femurrubrum and M. See were first noted in forage crops in WISCONSIN ‘June 7. M. differentialis was present by June 14. Adults of M. -femurrubrum were present from August 1 into early November. Surveys conducted in early August revealed moderate infestations (10-30 per sweep) in scattered localities throughout central and southern Wisconsin and severe infestations (30+ per sweep) across the southern tier of counties. Despite heavy populations in these areas, damage to forage crops was minimized by good plant growth due to frequent rains and little treatment was necessary. Grass- hoppers Showed a marked decrease in MINNESOTA over 1971. An estimated 92,000 acres of forage crops had economic populations compared to about 160,000 acres in 1971. The dominant species continued to be M. femurrubrum. Indications are that in 1973 infestations will be scattered and localized. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) began increasing rapidly on seed alfalfa in Churchill, Humboldt, and Pershing Counties NEVADA in June. Infestations reached economic levels in late June through early August when 3,800+ acres were treated. Another 2,700 acres were treated for these pests and for aphids and lygus bugs. SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) ranged moderate to heavy on soybeans in Dorchester, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties, MARYLAND. Populations were above normal in May and early June. In June, adults ranged 1-10 per row yard, with 800 acres of 3 to _S-inch soybeans treated in Wicomico and Dorcester Counties. Larvae -were present in most fields by late June. The heaviest mid-July larval counts ranged 7-20 per row foot with all instars present. An estimated 10,000 acres were treated in July. Pupation was 60 percent complete by August. Second-generation larvae ranged light _to moderate. About 1,000 acres required controls during August and September in Somerset and Wicomico Counties, Maryland. Mexican bean beetle caused 5 percent foliar loss to soybeans early in the season in Breckinridge County, KENTUCKY. Populations increased slowly through summer and by August 25 had reached moderate to ‘high levels, with 39 adults and 52 larvae per 360 row feet in |Henderson County. A population buildup was first noticeable on “soybeans in NORTH CAROLINA in the northeastern counties in mid- ‘June. Up to 4 larvae per square foot were observed in scattered fields in the Camden County area by early July. Defoliation ranged up to more than 70 percent in some fields in the northeastern counties and as many as 3 control applications were made. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was first reported as a minor problem in KENTUCKY July 14 in Hickman County. Populations peaked aa western counties during late August when larvae averaged 400 per 360 row feet at one location, 5 per linear foot at another. A very heavy population was sheeted in Hancock County. Damaging infestations of green cloverworm were reported on about 27,000 acres of soybeans in east-central and southeastern KANSAS. | = Shite) = VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) reached damaging levels (30 percent defoliation) in Walton County, FLORIDA, by July 25 and by August 25 in Gadsden and Alachua Counties. Popula- tions were heavier and occurred earlier on soybeans in the State than in previous years, with most infestations requiring one or two chemical treatments to prevent complete defoliation. Velvet- bean caterpillar was a pest in numerous isolated fields in the coastal counties of ALABAMA, with the heavier numbers in the extreme southwest area. PEANUTS SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) larval damage to peanuts in NORTH CAROLINA was 3 to 5 times more severe in 1972 than in 1971. This pest caused economic losses to about 50,000 acres in Northampton, Halifax, Edgecombe, Martin, Bertie, and Hertford Counties. In VIRGINIA, damage was greater in 1972 than in the past several years in Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sussex, Southampton, and Prince George Counties. Damage ranged as high as 40-50 percent in some peanut fields. REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) appeared in peanuts last week of June in OKLAHOMA and by late August and early September 75-85 percent of the terminals were infested in most areas. A late season buildup on peanuts in Roosevelt County, NEW MEXICO, was noted in October. Many fields showed 75 percent of terminals damaged. Due to the lateness of the growing season, controls were not applied. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) infestations were | detected in early July in Comanche, Erath, Eastland and Brown Counties, TEXAS. Damage occurred in up to 70 percent of all dry- land peanut plants. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) was more widespread and more damaging to peanuts than any previous season in ALABAMA. Damaging infestations required controls throughout the 9 south- eastern counties. In the Northampton and Halifax County area of NORTH CAROLINA, spots up to one acre in size in peanut fields were observed with advanced yellowing and dead leaves. Webbing, with thousands of mites per leaf, was conspicuous in smaller spots. COTTON The first large scale BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) emergence in TEXAS was reported from the lower Rio Grande Valley during the : week of June 12. In mid-June, adults began to appear in older | cotton in the Rolling Plains area, and by late June were increasing — rapidly in most infested areas of the State. Punctured square | counts in the south-central, Blacklands, and north-central areas ranged 1-80 percent. First boll weevil adults of the season in OKLAHOMA were taken in traps in Jackson County May 16 and the first punctured squares were found in mid-June. Punctured squares ranged light to moderate (less than 25 percent) through July in all areas. Scattered fields were economically infested in most areas of Oklahoma during August and September. Boll weevil was heavier and more widespread in ARKANSAS in 1972 than in 1971. This trend has been underway for several years as winter weather has not been cold enough to reduce overwintering weevils significantly since January 1963. - 120 - | Boll weevil infestations were generally widespread throughout the | Bootheel area of MISSOURI with the heaviest infestations con- ecentrated in the areas along Crowleys Ridge in Stoddard and Butler | Counties. The first overwintered boll weevils in TENNESSEE were _ caught in sex-lure traps during the week ending May 5 in McNairy ' and Hardeman Counties. By mid-June, overwintered weevils were _ being found in cotton throughout the southern Tier of counties, _and some feeding signs were noted.First-generation weevils began to emerge by mid-July and punctured square counts ranged 1-35 per- | cent. By late July, the first-generation emergence had peaked, | and punctured square counts ranged 1-55 percent. Second generation | emergence began during the week ending August 11, and counts ) ranged 4-95 percent punctured squares. Weevils continued to damage squares until about mid-September. Boll weevil was by far the most serious pest of cotton in Tennessee in 1972. Boll weevil | began emerging from hibernation in Johnston County, NORTH | CAROLINA, April 21. During early August, 22 percent of fields checked had populations at or above control levels. In Northampton County, about 51 percent of 768 fields checked during July required treatment. | Boll weevil counts on presquare cotton on 38 farms in 10 ALABAMA | counties revealed a high number of weevils had successfully | overwintered. First reported overwintered weevils occurred in | flight April 2 at Headland, Henry County. First weevil emergence was noted in early June. Populations were heavy throughout Alabama | all during the growing season. Boll weevil emergence began in MISSISSIPPI during mid to late May. Infestations averaged 3 per- ' cent statewide by mid-June. | BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) caused only minor damage in most cotton | in NEW MEXICO. Controls were necessary in an area including southern Chaves and northern Eddie Counties. Beneficial insect | populations remained heavy in most fields this season and aided |) in the control of this pest. A general increase in H. zea activity |was noted in most cotton-growing areas of TEXAS, except in the |) South and High Plains areas. During late July, populations | declined with only isolated cases of heavy activity noted. In OKLAHOMA, H. zea remained light all season in most fields that |were not treated for other cotton pests. In treated fields, damage | was moderate to heavy by mid-August. TOBACCO BUDWORM (H. virescens) began increasing at this time and made up 70-100 percent of the |} bollworm population on cotton in many areas of Oklahoma by | September. Tobacco budworm was the heaviest ever observed on cotton in ARKANSAS. In Chicot and Ashley Counties conventional |controls were completely ineffective and about 500 acres of cotton /were plowed under as it was not worth harvesting. In late September infestations were as high as 40,000 larvae per acre. BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) were generally very light on cotton throughout KENTUCKY, except for heavy infestations in Warren, » Logan, Todd, and Barren Counties. In NORTH CAROLINA, Heliothis i Spp. eggs began appearing on cotton during the second week of July in Scotland County. The number of acres severely damaged (25+ “percent boll loss) was 50 percent greater than in 1971 in many southern Coastal Plain counties. Counts of 50+ percent damaged /bolls were observed in fields of Harnett, Cumberland, Hoke, Scot- 'land, and Robeson Counties. Heliothis spp. became pests of cotton | throughout ALABAMA following a buildup of 2 or more generations ‘on i | | - 121 - clover, vetch, and corn. Damage was held at a minimum by the proper timing of controls made possible by increased surveys. First Heliothis spp. eggs were noted in MISSISSIPPI in early June. The first larval generation was of little economic importance. Damaged squares ranged 2-3 percent by mid-July. Infestations were spotty and severe in some southern and delta counties. COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) infestations increased in many northern counties of TEXAS during the week of June 13. This fleahopper continued to be the dominant pest of cotton in the Blacklands during the remainder of the month. In early July, it was the major problem in the Rolling Plains area. Cotton fleahopper was active in OKLAHOMA by mid-June and heavy infestations were present in many southwestern counties from mid- June to mid-July. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) populations on cotton throughout NORTH CAROLINA were held in check early in the season by cool weather. However, by July numbers had reached control levels in 10 percent of fields checked in Scotland County. Twospotted spider mite was largely confined to the central and northern areas of ALABAMA during the 1972 season. However, this spider mite was more of a problem statewide this season than for more than 5 years, probably due to a heavy overwintering population. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (T. turkestani) infestations were widespread throughout the Bootheel area of MISSOURI with the primary concentration in New Madrid, Pemiscot, and Mississippi Counties. By August 11, 35.10 percent of the cotton fields scouted were infested with spider mites, mainly T. turkestani. TOBACCO GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) alates moved into tobacco in southern MARYLAND about July 10. By July 21, infested plants ranged 2-15 per 50 plants in Prince Georges and Charles Counties. About 20 percent of the growers in southern areas applied pre- plant systemic treatments. Control costs were estimated at about $700,000. Damage to the tobacco crop was light in 1972, and below that of; Vor. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) damage was severe and common on tobacco in southern OHIO from June through August. By early September, every leaf in several Gallia and Lawrence County beds showed moderate to heavy damage. Tobacco flea beetle damage to tobacco in plant beds in KENTUCKY was heaviest in Scott, Hardin, and Logan Counties. Newly transplanted tobacco exhibited some foliar loss with the heaviest losses (about 10 pergent) in Woodford, Shelby, and Lincoln Counties. Populations were light during spring and early summer but increased steadily and peaked in August. Populations were heaviest in Green County with about 20 per plant but counts in most areas of the State averaged fewer than 10 per plant. Overwintered tobacco flea beetle adults were less numerous in VIRGINIA than in 1971 and were held far below economic levels throughout most of the season. TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) infestations were generally below economic levels in most areas of KENTUCKY. Heavy infestations occurred on tobacco in Barren, Anderson, Marshall, Christian, Pulaski, and Caldwell Counties during July and August. - 122 - SUGAR BEETS ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) problems developed early in June in the Red River Valley of MINNESOTA with sugar beets and some sunflowers being damaged. A total of 5,500 acres of sugar beets required reseeding. The first SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) adults of the season in NORTH DAKOTA emerged May 23 with peak fly emergence about June 9. The first eggs were seen May 31 and hatch began June 6. During mid-June, larvae averaged 20 per plant on untreated beets and ranged up to 150 per plant by the end of June. In treated sugar beets, larvae ranged up to 60 per plant. MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) larvae ranged 5-25 per head in several fields of sunflowers in Colfax and Platte Counties, NEBRASKA, during late July and early August. Larvae destroyed a few fields of sunflowers in York and Seward Counties. Damage to sunflowers by this pest is expected to be heavier during 1973 than in 1972 in Nebraska. Sunflower moth infestations were widespread across the 35,000 acres of sunflowers grown in IOWA in 1972. Larvae ranged 3-13 (averaged 6.2) per head in 63-95 percent of heads in Polk County fields during the first two weeks of August. Chemical controls were not applied to infested fields in Iowa. Weather of the week continued from page 112. Fraser, Colorado and Big Piney, Wyoming recorded -24 degrees Tuesday morning. Bitter cold pushed across the northern Great Plains but southern California enjoyed summer temperatures; 81 degrees at Culver City Tuesday. Cold Arctic air pouring across the Canadian border held afternoon temperatures over much of Minnesota and Wisconsin in the 12 to 20-degree range Wednesday afternoon and spots in northern New Mexico remained below freezing all day Thursday. The highest temperature at Las Vegas, New Mexico, Thursday was 52 degrees. Warming occurred over North Dakota where Bismarck recorded 53 degrees Thursday. Birmingham, Alabama, also recorded 53 degrees Thursday due to northerly winds ‘resulting from a High over the southern Great Plains and a Low centered off the northern Atlantic coast. Much of the area from. the Great Lakes to the Ohio River remained below 32 degrees all ‘day Thursday. Early morning temperatures over the weekend ranged from a few degrees above zero in the vicinity of the Great Lakes 'to the 50's in southern California, along the Gulf of Mexico, and ‘most of Florida. Afternoon temperatures were generally near 20 degrees in northern New England, near freezing over the northern Great Plains, near 70 degrees along the Gulf of Mexico, and the 70's in southern California and most of Florida. - 123 - F pa Belo h 7 . BOTAMOG UOT: S ° . uy a: s 7 ) suvidoig oup}uRareny pure uoTty SRE jurtd pue - 99401q }ULTd 4 dy “sur “09g wo asy *ydeq ans Jyvjg yaoddng Teotuyoo, pux Aovaang yseq Aq poaredoad ty aes rantiete 3 Th. (se We) ok \ SDN S\ Q nee best pea aeait aoe (weg quan 44S) ALFALFA WEEVIL increasing in Texas, reported in southwest Missouri; adults light in Oklahoma. Hatching and light feeding in Illinois. EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae increasing in Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys of California; this pest and alfalfa weevil may be severe. (pp. 145-146). DIAMONDBACK MOTH increasing on late cabbage in southern Florida. Goeee4'6))): SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak may be most severe yet known in : Alabama, continues to expand on Nantahala National Forest, North Canvolsinays (Gon slr) Detection A BRUCHID and a STRATIOMYID FLY reported for first time from Hawaii. These are new United States records, but neither species is known to occur in continental U.S. (p. 149). A CONIFER APHID reported for first time in Wisconsin. (p. 147). For new county records see page 148. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Ornamentals (p. 150). Forest and Shade Trees (pp. 150-155). Man and Animals (pp. 155-159). Stored Products (p. 160). Beneficial Insects (pp. 160-161). Browntail Moth Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Some First Occurrences of the Season GREENBUG in Arkansas. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Florida. PEA APHID in Arkansas. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM moths in Alabama. PEAR PSYLLA adults and eggs in Washington. FALL WEBWORM adult in Florida. ELM LEAF BEETLE adults in Washington. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE in Missouri. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 9 unless other- wise indicated. - 143 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance......... Bled sor ule aeneteles AS Insects Affecting SMa GRATIS eae telensiver tele tellers AZ by iSvelllike Mare blah AG kn G dio Bere liye kA WG) Forage Legumes.......... Moa S Or malme nib ais ei ee oes ayia eae eae 147 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppersl46 Forest and Shade Trees......147 Comes COPS laiens eke teecierievs, eucteee S146 > Man wand) /Anidimaslichy. eres - 147 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..146 Households and Structures...148 Hederaliand =Sitate Pllant Protection Programs so. se. < cine senna 148 DEWSSE TOME rea taiestetalre seem ails eemowema ren sl ota Nites at ena teteiheres eve tcteeatete RE eA aici rES CoG co 148 COLGVESCUUOMS ee DAL cate esecnatee tellers Nemalinifolre awed chelelicledehalvelenaton alent Reduces Rican be te} Lvedht ihn apa Ose CVO TIS Seen etl Op Wa fine lesbain enaen emia Men CltaTe Mare sinanamreams Snes a LAS: Hawa aeons ec ta Vep Omit. sos sire esos Mae skewered Lelie leneniaeligna tees levetereteme bis eee 9 Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Ornamenawlisy eee eisieeens aera terete lenses aire, cHereersrerais See eraelasy oo Otkeeb 150 KHoresitvand Shade Mreesi. sieuis:s oleae ee aonteowalfameroitet en sios ob eo. sree OO Manan clip tAratmaslS in Texas.) Total of 166,191,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 3 per head on untreated Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) ranged up to 10 per head (average 3) on steers checks in Payne County. Light numbers present in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sue). - 147 - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 24 per beef cow in herd near Lacrosse, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - TEXAS - Heavy infestations of Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse) and Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) observed on beef cattle in Young and Wilbarger Counties. (Boring). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MARYLAND - Swarm reports averaged 3 per week in Prince Georges, Montgomery, and Anne Arundel Counties. Peak activity expected in 21 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - First swarms of season reported from Butler and Scott Counties. (Munson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Larvae averaged 38 per square foot in pasture examined February 7 in Whatcom County. This is same general area where early instar larvae averaged 1,800 per square foot in fall 1972. (Campbell). See CEIR 22(44):741. RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - TEXAS - Heavy mound building noted throughout south-central area. Heaviest activity noted in Waller, Grimes, and Harris Counties. Light activity only noted in Fort Bend County, site of recent control operations. (Green et al.). DETECTION New United States Records - A BURCHID (Callosobruchus albo- callosus) —- HAWAII — Maui. A STRATIOMYID FLY (Wallacea albiseta) —- HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 149). New State Record - A CONIFER APHID (Cinara canadensis) - WISCONSIN - Jefferson County. (p. 147). New County Record - AN ARMORED SCALE (Hemiberlesia quercicola) ARIZONA — Coconino (p. 147). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(8):93 -— CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE - "EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) infestations were significant in occasional cornfields ...'' should read "EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubi- lalis) infestations were significant in occasional sorghum fields: -53).s(CPPQ):.. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/5-8, BL - BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) 17, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) l. - 148 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Records - Specimens of a BRUCHID (Callosobruchus albocallosus Pic) in University of Hawaii and Hawaii Department of Agriculture collections, recognized as being new to State by J.W. Beardsley, were determined this species by J.M. Kingsolver. Earliest specimens collected in January 1965 by N.L.H. Krauss at Haiku, Maui. Subsequent specimens collected at light on Univeristy of Hawaii campus by J.W. Beardsley and on pigeon pea at Ewa by G. Funasaki, both on Oahu. (Funasaki). Eight male specimens of a STRATIOMYID FLY (Wallacea albiseta de Meigere) collected at large December 3, 1972, at Waahila Ridge (400 meters elevation), Oahu, by F.G. Howarth. Two males taken at Mokuleia, Oahu, by W. Gagne dated September 1, 1970, sub- sequently noted in private collection. Determined by M.T. James. W. albiseta described from Java and later recorded from Taiwan, Singapore, Okinawa, and Guam. A subspecies W. a. borealis described from the Bonin and Mariana Islands by M.T. James in 1962. (Howarth). As far as is known W. albiseta is of no economic importance. (PPQ). Be Callosobruchus albocallosus and Wallacea albiseta are new United States records but are not known to occur in the continental Weise (BRO): General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae very heavy on green onions at Koko Head, Oahu, with 80-90 percent of leaves infested or damaged. Light to moderate in adjacent onion planting; less than 30 percent of leaves infested or damaged. Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light in both fields. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporari- orum) heavy in snap beans at Waimanalo; moderate, but sporadically heavy, in 2 nearby soybean plantings and trace in greenhouse cucumbers in same area. (Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - BRACONID WASPS (Opius importatus and O. phaseoli) and a PTEROMALID WASP (Halticoptera patellana) ms parasitized 100 percent of Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting snap bean and yardlong bean petioles collected at Waikapu and Puunene, Maui,during February. O. importatus dominant. Opius spp. parasitized 80-100 percent of M. phaseoli infesting cowpea and snap bean petioles collected at various sites on Kauai during same period. (Miyahira, Sugawa). a te SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1972 (Continued from page 140) ORNAMENTALS Highlights: BAGWORM was heavy and damaging to evergreens in several States. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) was a serious pest of untreated or improperly treated junipers throughout the eastern half of KANSAS. Infestations were heavier than normal in ARKANSAS and caused heavy losses where controls were not applied. Bagworm was the most destructive pest of coniferous shrubs throughout ALABAMA. This psychid was the most common problem encountered in ornamental pest surveys in MARYLAND for the fourth consecutive year. Infestations were heavy again this year in all parts of the State. The first bagworm larvae of the season in DELAWARE were noted on arborvitae and other evergreens during early June. Infestations were generally heavy in many areas of the State. BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) was the major pest of ornamental white birch in MARYLAND. This wood borer has destroyed several hundred birch trees in Montgomery, Baltimore, Anne Arundel, and Prince Georges Counties. Also in Maryland, a JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) continued to spread throughout the State. Heavy damage continued to be spotty and was restricted mainly to plantings of azalea, privet, rhododendron, and small leaf hollies. SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) caused heavy damage and some mortality in hemlock and spruce plantings in several areas throughout MARYLAND. Damage was most severe during July and August. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) were again the most common arthropod pests of shrubbery in NORTH CAROLINA. Infestations were light in some nurseries with 5-50 percent of plants infested. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) was very heavy on roses, Shrubs, and annual plants in CALIFORNIA, requiring repeated control applications early in the season. BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) caused stunting and heavy degrading of Christmas trees throughout VERMONT. Infestations appear to be on the increase in managed tree stands. A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) was collected from liquidamber trees at Long Beach in Los Angeles County, CALIFORNIA, in May. This was the first record of this thrips on the North American Continent. (See CEIR 22(30) :483). FOREST AND SHADE TREES Highlights: SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE was found in WEST VIRGINIA for the first time since 1882, and was serious in pine type forests in several Southern States. The potential for continued outbreaks is great in some of these States. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE continued to cause heavy losses to lodgepole pine in Oregon and is now epidemic in the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in COLORADO. DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE was the most destructive pest of western OREGON forests but is expected to decrease in 1973. ELM SPANWORM is — 150° — is expected to be serious in RHODE ISLAND during 1973. FALL WEBWORM was the heaviest in Several years in Ohio. Heavy defolia- tion by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR in Minnesota did not materialize due to cold weather preceding egg hatch. ELM LEAF BEETLE was serious on elms throughout COLORADO and unusally so throughout KANSAS. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) was reported in WEST VIRGINIA for the first time Since 1882. This bark beetle had killed 175-200 pitch pine trees on the Kanawha State Forest. Southern pine beetle continued to be a problem in the central Piedmont and the far western counties of NORTH CAROLINA. A survey conducted during August and September on the 220,000-acre Uwharrie National Forest indicated a southward spread from the northern boundary of the forest. Surveys conducted during 1971 and 1972 on the Tusquitee District of the Nantahala National Forest revealed a westward expansion of the outbreak there. One of the most severe outbreaks of southern pine beetle recorded in ALABAMA occurred during 1972. The first report of major consequence occurred in a residential section of Auburn in Lee County July 6 where an exploding population killed approximately 100 growing and mature pine trees. Epidemic populations were reported during July, with 30 of the 67 counties surveyed found to be infested. By September, 40 of the 67 counties were reported as epidemic. At this time predator populations were at low levels. The potential population of this beetle for 1973 in the 21.7 million acres of pine forest in Alabama is the greatest ever known. Surveys of 1.6 million acres of pine type in MISSISSIPPI by State personnel revealed southern pine beetle populations in outbreak proportions in 9 southwestern counties where brood counts averaged 172 per square foot of bark surface. The presence of this bark beetle also was verified for the first time in the 4 east-central counties of Mississippi bordering Alabama. Brood densities of 366 per square foot of bark surface in the Homochitto National Forest (contiguous with the 9 southwestern counties) indicated the potential for continued high populations there. In ARKANSAS, a total of 1,090 new southern pine beetle infestations were detected in Ashley, Drew, and Union Counties, by the State Forestry Commission during the period May 15 to December 31. Controls involving cutting, burning, spraying or salvaging were applied to 1,039 of these new infestations. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) continued to cause heavy losses in lodgepole pine stands in the Wallowa and Whitman, Umatilla, Malheur, Deschutes, Fremont, and Winema National Forests of OREGON. Losses in the Cascade Mountains to western white pine continued to decrease. Statewide losses of pine were estimated at 58,722,040 board feet. Heavy infestations of mountain pine beetle were found on ponderosa pine in the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in COLORADO. These populations increased 5 to 6-fold over 1971 and are now in an epidemic status. DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) caused severe tree kill in the Hood River drainage area of the Mt. Hood National Forest in OREGON. This was again the most destructive species in western Oregon forests where it accounted for an estimated loss of 14 million board feet of Douglas-fir. Populations are expected to subside in 1973. DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) infestations increased very sharply in area and density in northeastern OREGON. A total of 118,650 acres were either defoliated or killed. Damage ranged moderate to heavy on young white fir trees in localized areas of high recreational value in the Spring Mountains of Clark County, NEVADA. Although the extent and intensity of defoliation by SPRUCE BUD- WORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) decreased in MINNESOTA over that of 1971, there was still much tree mortality and severe defolia- tion on mixed stands of balsam fir and white spruce in St. Louis, Lake, and Cook Counties during 1972. Overall defoliation is estimated at more than one million acres in Minnesota. Spruce budworm defoliated more than 40,000 acres of hemlock throughout PENNSYLVANIA. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) was heavy in many areas of COLORADO with many gallis on blue spruce trees. In Larimer County, populations averaged 5 galls per 40 terminal twigs which is heavier than the past four or five years. BALSAM: WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) continued to cause mortality of Fraser fir at a steady rate in NORTH CAROLINA. This pest was damaging in every major spruce fir area (total of 60,000 acres) in the Southern Appalachians except Mount Rogers in VIRGINIA. A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) defoliated pines in eastern and south-central KENTUCKY attacking Virginia, shortleaf, and pitch pines. The first hatch of the year was observed in mid- February. Percentages of larval defoliation of Virginia and shortleaf pines by district were as follows: South-central 40-70; northeastern 10-30; Kentucky River 30-50; eastern 10-30; and southeastern 20-40. Larvae of an other CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) heavily defoliated loblolly and shortleaf pines in western KENTUCKY. Defoliation ranged 75-100 percent in Calloway, Marshall, and Graves Counties, while counties along the Mississippi River incurred 50-75 percent defoliation. ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) damage ranged moderate to heavy on oak and chestnut throughout much of WEST VIRGINIA. This saturniid was taken on white oak at Pipestem, Summers County, September 10, 1972, by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. GREENSTRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) completely defoliated many Silver maples in Pottawatomie and Shawnee Counties, KANSAS, during late August. This pest was very heavy on honeylocusts in some cities in northeast and east-central counties. Defoliation of 50-100 percent in Riley and Shawnee Counties was common during late August. LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) was unusually heavy on poplar stands over much of the northern two-thirds of MAINE. West of Moosehead Lake, defoliation was very noticeable from the ground and the air. This is the first instance of such heavy populations in many years and possibly since 1931 when some 100,000 acres of poplar were defoliated. Defoliation increased an estimated 2 million acres in MINNESOTA. Large portions of St. Louis, Cook, and Lake Counties were affected with smaller areas in Koochiching, Beltrami, Lake of the Woods, Itasca, and Carlton Counties being damaged. Sl S ‘i : ; i *y 5 ”, N a2 a < , % 3 ; 1) oe Oo Ty oi Au - ‘ = ‘\ = s i 3 P - x et, ale 4 L “ ; * 4 SALVLS GQALDASAV HLIM ONILVYSdOOD SNVYES0OUd ANILNVYVNO GNYV NOILOALOYd LNW Id ADIAYSS NOILOAdSNI HLIVAH LNV 1d GNY IVWINY SYNLINDIYSOV AO LNANLYVdad ‘Ss Nn SINILNVAYVNO HLOW TIVLNMOUE ‘SATDILYV GALVINSOAY AO LSIT YOA ACIS ASUAARY JAAS ‘YOLDAdSNI GSZINOHINV Nv AG G3ayINosY Jl, “OSAOWS4Y SNOILV 11ND 3Y--d31LV D0VY3 « NAS49 NIHLIM ‘9 : ; (GQANNV1d YO SS3Y9OUd NI SLNAWLVAYL JAISSAYddNS) pS NaS HS 28 “SNOILVWINOAY WWHAGSA AGNV ‘ALVLS-VaYNV AAISSAYddNS “ALIHM HONOYHL YO OLNI NAAYS WOYSA “2 ‘ALIHM YO ‘N3a3UD HONOMHL YO OLNI Gay WONd ‘1 (GQANNV1d YO SS3Y9OUd NI LON SINSWLVaYeL NOILVOIGVUa) SNOILVINSOSAY AVYAGAA ANV ‘ALVIS-VAYV G3LSAANI ATIVYSANAS *SMO1104 SV VAYHV GALVINOAY V NOS SAIDILYV GsLVINSAY JO LNANAAOW NO GAaSOdW! au¥Vv SNOILIIeLSay GALVINOAY ATIVILYVd JYV GAYO10D ATIVILYVd SAILNNOD ‘GALVINSAY ATALAIMNOSD 3YV GAYO10D ATAYILNA SAILNNOD Ge “SGTOILUV GALVINIAY INIAOW YOd SLINAWAYINDAY GNV NOILVINDAY YaagNh Ssvaduavy LOVXa SONIGUVIAU GONVLSISSY HOX LNADV ALNNOO UNOA uO UYWOLOAdSNI NOMOALOUd LNVId Tvaddddt wO ALVIS UYNOA LTINASNOD Mat Set AseNUEe Gass 3YIHSMuag 3ulHsdwvH NN yO yor Yok noe wo Oo De eB “sul[puBY peqitosead ayy I9jJ@ UOI}e}Sefur 0} pasodxe jou jr ydwaxq-, , IOUI@JUOD YIBVA JO apIsjno ayy UO pajaqv, OS pue AvIA JY} JNOYSNOAY, ssnoyUseIS B UI UMOLS JI JdWaxe ale ‘Joatay} syred pue ‘sqnays pues saat], ‘payoe}ye Soave, YJIM ‘sqnays pue seer} Yons jo syed pue ‘sulajs Apoom juejsisied YIM sqnays pue ‘seer, snonploeg ‘C4LVOIGNI SV LIdHOXad ANNOWUVAA LINYHd YO ALVOMILYAO YaQNN GHAOW dd LSOW SHUTOLLYVY GHLVINOdY ONIMOTION AHL \ OAK LEAFTIER (Croesia albicomana) was the major pest of red oak from the mid-1950's to the mid-1960's in PENNSYLVANIA. Again in 1972 it was present in large numbers. Another siege of oak mortality most likely can be expected for the next few years in Pennsylvania. Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Archips semiferanus) defoliated 159,620 acres of Sproul State Forest in Clinton and Centre Counties, PENNSYLVANIA. Statewide defoliation, which covered one million acres the previous two years, decreased to 610,000 acres in 1972. This is undoubtedly the worst forest pest disaster to occur in the State in many decades. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) caused moderate to severe defoliation of shade trees, particularly elms, in many areas of NEBRASKA in May and June. Male moths were active in Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA, on March 20. Male and female moth emergence peaked in Fargo by April 14. Eggs were present in Hettinger County April 18 and in Ward and Renville Counties by May 5. Tanglefoot bands on trees in Walsh, Pembina, and Grand Forks Counties had 14 females per square inch by May 5. Adult emergence was complete over the State by May 26. First-instar larvae hatched in Bottineau County by May 19 and 40 percent had hatched by May 23 in Pembina County. Infestations and damage were heavy and widespread through- out the northern half of North Dakota by June 2. Larvae were fully grown by June 2 and maximum defoliation had occurred by June 9. The extent and severity of defoliation by larvae of a GEOMETRID MOTH (Hydria prunivorata) increased substantially in PENNSYLVANIA during 1972. Defoliation was heaviest on the eastern portion of the Allegheny National Forest and in adjacent areas of State and private forest lands. Defoliation was heavy on 26,500 acres of forest in Elk County. In this area of the State, defoliation ranged light to moderate on 86,500 acres of black cherry which comprises 5-90 percent of the northern hardwoods. Defoliation was also heavy on 7,000 acres of McKean County and 6,000 acres in Tioga County. Late-instar larvae of ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos subsignarius) were feeding in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, by July 3. Adults were heavy in Providence, Kent, and Washington Counties during the period July 14-17. Elm spanworm is expected to cause much damage to forested areas of the State in 1973. BRUCE SPANWORM (Operophtera bruceata) and a LEAFROLLER MOTH (Sparganothis acerivorana) caused widespread and locally heavy defoliation of maple over the northern two-thirds of MAINE in late May and early June. This insect complex caused up to 75 percent defoliation of forest trees in Several limited areas of Maine. The SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) outbreak of 1970- 1971 in NEW HAMPSHIRE collapsed during 1972, Light trap collec- tions of adults decreased by 95 percent from 1971 collections. Only a few acres of forest trees in isolated areas were considered heavily defoliated. VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) caused widespread damage throughout WEST VIRGINIA with heaviest infestations in Hardy, Wayne, and Hampshire Counties. This notodontid moth was collected on hawthorn in Coopers Rock State Forest, Preston County, September 11, 1972, by L. Butler. This is a new county record. Larvae of another NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) caused severe defoliation on 200 acres of bur oak in Dickinson, Lyon, and Sioux Counties, IOWA. The area of defoliation by this pest is increasing. - 153 - FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) first-generation larvae appeared in early July on various shade trees in Chaves and Dona Ana Counties, NEW MEXICO. Second-generation larvae caused partial or complete defoliation of all types of shade and pecan trees. In October larvae began moving onto walls and entering homes. Heavy webbing of this pest in pecan and walnut trees occurred through- out the Piedmont and Coastal Plains of NORTH CAROLINA, first appearing in early June. Counts of webs in persimmon and pecan trees along U.S. Highway 64 from Tyrrell County to Rowan County June 14 and 15 ranged O-10 per tree. The heaviest fall webworm population in several years was present in northeastern and east-central OHIO and in the Tar Hollow State Forest vicinity. First-instar larvae were seen feeding in Wayne, Jefferson, and Carroll Counties by the second week in June. Infestations of up to 40 tents per tree were noted in many northeastern and east-— central counties. Fall webworm webs were first reported on cherry, apple, and wild cherry in Darlington, Beaver County, PENNSYLVANIA, July 15. Damage was evident along roads in many southwestern areas. About 70 percent defoliation occurred on 4,000 acres of black cherry and crab apple in Hanover Township, Washington County. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) egg hatch began about the second week of April in southern OHIO and 14 days later in northern areas. Noticeable feeding damage occurred on apple and sweet cherry in Clermont, Harrison, and Carroll Counties. Hawthorn and crab apple in Franklin County and east-central areas contained up to 20 tents per tree. Pupation began in central and southern Ohio about May 22. Egg mass surveys indicated that the parasite, predator, and disease impact was not sufficient to reduce the numbers of overwintering egg masses. In KENTUCKY, the first egg hatch of the year was observed April 1 in McCreary County. Larval emergence was heavy in some areas and larvae continued to defoliate wild cherry well into May. Infestations were heaviest in Muhlenberg and Fayette Counties where tents averaged 46 and 44 per mile, respectively. Eastern tent caterpillar egg hatch began in Lawrence and Johnson Counties, INDIANA, about April 14. Four-inch webs were present by April 21 in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis, where the insect was unusually heavy, infesting such unusual hosts as lilacs and other ornamentals. Larvae were full grown by May 12 in the southern half of the State, and were pupating in Indianapolis by May 19. New egg masses were found in Vigo County by June 30. Marion County had the heaviest infestations in the State while Warren, Tippecanoe, La Porte and Elkhart Counties had isolated pockets of heavy infestations. Eastern tent caterpillar was very abundant in ILLINOIS in 1972 although economic damage was minimal. By the end of April, young wild cherry and crab apple trees were completely defoliated throughout the southern half of the State with as many as 20 tents in some trees. Eastern tent caterpillar egg hatch began about April 27 in southern WISCONSIN and webbing was noted by May 5. Larvae were in the second instar May 19, third instar by May 26 and fourth instar by May 31. Migration from trees began about May 31. Pupation began June 7 and adults began emerging about June 28. Trees mainly affected by this pest were black cherry, chokecherry, mulberry, and untreated apples. Heavy eastern tent caterpillar infestations were common on wild plum throughout most of the eastern half of KANSAS and on wild cherry in the southeastern areas. - 154 - FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) completely defoli- ated an estimated 1,200 acres of tupelo and blackgum timber along the Roanoke River near Woodville in Bertie County, NORTH CAROLINA. Forest tent caterpillar larvae caused 30-100 percent defoliation on 1,700 acres of timber in the western counties of Muklenberg, McLean, and Hopkins in KENTUCKY, where oaks were the primary hosts. Heavy defoliation by forest tent caterpillar was expected over a minimum of 200,000 acres of forest in Koochiching County, MINNESOTA, in 1972 but a severe cold period preceding egg hatch in early May caused a drastic population reduction and no defoliation was recorded. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) was a serious problem on elms in all areas of COLORADO, with heavy infestations being common, Organized spray programs were necessary in Several municipalities. This pest appeared on elms in NEW MEXICO in April and was a continuous problem throughout the State all season. Defoliation was almost complete in many areas where elms are the dominant shade trees. Elm leaf beetle damage to Chinese elms in TEXAS was heaviest in Wilbarger, Winkler, Ward, Ector, Midland, and Martin Counties. In OKLAHOMA, activity began during mid-April and damage to elms was heavy by early June. Damage by second and third- generation larvae was heavy on Siberian elms in most areas of the State during July and August. Elm leaf beetle first-generation larvae caused unusally severe defoliation of Siberian elms throughout most of KANSAS. The first eggs of the 1972 season were observed in mid-April and hatching had begun by May 19. By June 9, pupation of the first generation had begun with foliar damage ranging up to 50 per- cent. A large percentage of first-generation pupae checked in Riley County had been killed by an unidentified fungus. This may have been largely responsible for the comparatively light succeeding generations. This leaf beetle was a very troublesome pest of elms throughout NEBRASKA. Damage by this pest was very severe on elms in Woodburg County, IOWA, during the first 14 days of June when larvae ranged 0-6 (average 2) per leaf. Larvae of elm leaf beetle were collected from elm at Denison, Crawford County, June 14 by M.E. LaRue. Specimens were determined by S.O. Ryan. This is a new county record. MAN AND ANIMALS Highlights: SCREWWORM outbreak in Southwest worst in several years. FACE FLY was difficult to control on beef herds in central MARYLAND and appeared on increase in KENTUCKY. HORN FLY was generally annoying to beef and dairy cattle in several areas. MOSQUITO populations, especially floodwater species, increased in Maryland after tropical storm Agnes. These pests were also annoying to man and livestock in other areas. During 1972, there were 95,642 confirmed cases of SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) reported in the continental United States as follows: Texas 90,980; Arizona 2,320; New Mexico 1,269; Oklahoma 1,024; California 27; Kansas 8; Arkansas 6; Florida 2; Louisiana 2; Georgia 1; Alabama 1; and one case each from Colorado and Iowa, both originating in Texas. = 1S) = The extent of the 1972 disaster was chronicled each month as it developed. Thus, end-of-the-year totals are appropriate, both for historical reasons and to demonstrate the severity of the out-— break the industry has been through. Only six times in nine years has a State had 1,000 or more cases. In 1972, Texas had 28 counties with more than this number of cases. Val Verde County had the largest number of cases--3,003. Other totals'were Medina 2,733; Kinney 2,595; Uvalde 2,593; De Witt 2,138; and Atascosa 2,053. New records were set in 178 counties in Texas. Only nine of the State's 254 counties failed to record at least one case. All in Kast Texas, they were: Hardin, Jefferson, Marion, Morris, Nacogdoches, Newton, Orange, Sabine, and San Augustine. Going into the year 10 counties had never reported an outbreak. During 1972, Camp, Dallam, Hansford, Jasper, Ochiltree, and Sherman fell by the wayside, leaving only four with unsullied records: Marion, Newton, Sabine, and San Augustine. In thirteen States, 350 counties had one or more screwworm out- breaks confirmed within their boundaries. Not all States set new screwworm records in 1972. Texas did, of course, nearly doubling its previous record of 49,484 in 1962, a figure which had been surpassed by about August 24 of 1972. Compared to Texas, Arizona's 2,320 cases do not appear very heavy, but set against previous marks the outbreak there was considerably worse than in the Lone Star State, more than tripling its previous mark of 728 established in 1963. Oklahoma's 1,024 was substantially ahead of its earlier high, 444 set way back in 1962. Five States set automatic records with the first cases they had reported since program inception in 1962--Kansas 8, Florida 2, Alabama 1, Colorado 1, and Iowa 1. Despite ranking third this year with 1,269 cases, it wasn't the worst year New Mexico has had. That dubious distinction goes to 1963, when 1,447 cases were detected. Other non-recordbreakers included California with 27 in 1972, com- pared to 135 in 1968, and Arkansas with 6 against 25 a year ago. The year ended with an unbroken 291 consecutive days during which the Mission Laboratory had received at least one screwworm sam—- ple. Not since March 15 had a working day passed without one of the flesh-eating larvae being identified. There were 4,572 non-Sscrewworm samples in the U.S. during 1972. This total represents slightly over one-fifth of all -laboratory confirmed cases of screwworms and non-Sscrewworms combined. In Northern Mexico, there were 30,301 laboratory confirmed cases of screwworms during 1972. This total is almost 3.5 times the number of cases reported from this area in 1971. This year was the worst for Northern Mexico in program history--prior to this year, the 19,452 screwworms reported in 1968 had been the greatest number of cases confirmed. = 156'- Both the U.S. Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands were declared free of screwworms in November 1972. COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) was heavy in 77 percent of yearling calves examined in Cherry County, NEBRASKA. Grubs averaged 15 per animal on February 29. Adult activity was noted in Keith, Logan, Lincoln, and McPherson Counties by May 31. Larvae of this cestrid fly were heavy in most areas of OKLAHOMA from mid-February into late March. First fall larvae were found in mid-September and by mid-November packing plants in several areas were reporting heavy damage to carcasses. H. lineatum continued to be a problem in the upland areas of ARKANSAS. In one herd in Benton County, 268 grubs were counted on 31 head. Populations and damage remained about the same as the past 3 years, in ALABAMA, Infestations were light to medium only due to better and more widespread use of proper pesticides. FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) was difficult to control in beef herds in central MARYLAND. Populations were moderate to heavy throughout the season. Populations ranged 5-30 per head during May, 20-40 per head in July and 30-100 per head in August. Annoyance to cattle dropped below economic levels in September. Face fly populations on the Eastern Shore were extremely light (1-2 per head) as expected. Face fly was very annoying to cattle in the mountain and western Piedmont counties of NORTH CAROLINA. Populations reached 50 flies per head during August- in some localities. Populations increased in KENTUCKY compared to those of the past 4 years. Adults averaged 15.3 per animal per county statewide. Face fly ranged 35-40+ per face in Crawford, Geauga, Jackson, and Wayne Counties, OHIO, in July. Up to 50+ flies per face caused severe annoyance to cattle in Coshocton and Guernsey Counties late in August. The first face flies of the season in ILLINOIS were observed during mid-April on cattle in the central area, when counts averaged less than 1 per animal. By mid-July surveys indicated that populations had increased to 25 per animal. These levels held up, at least in the northern two-thirds of the State, until late September. Annoyance to cattle began in WISCONSIN in late May and became general by June 3. Counts were heavy at various times in Outagamie, Chippewa, and Richland Counties. Several cases of pinkeye, presumably spread by face fly, were reported in Trempealeau County late in June. Control measures were necessary. Face fly populations on beef cattle averaged 5 per head in Story County, IOWA, by June 23 and 40-70 per head on untreated beef cattle in Polk County August 4. In NEBRASKA first face fly adults were observed June 15 in Lincoln County. Populations continued to increase and peaked about August 11 at 16-17 per animal. Annoyance to range animals was noted through mid-September. Fly populations were held at about 7-8 flies per head where dust bags were used. Face fly populations remained light in NORTH DAKOTA until the first of August when counts on calves in Richland County reached 29 per face and up to 12 per face on cows. Some annoyance was noted in Dunn County with up to 6 flies per face. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) emergence was heavy at several feedlots across NEBRASKA and developed into a serious problem in July and August. Severe problems were noted in Brown, Saunders, Lincoln, and. Keith Counties, where counts ranged up to 10-12 flies per - 157 - Scudder grid. In WISCONSIN, counts began building up around dairy barns early in June and increased at a normal rate until late in August when very heavy counts were apparent throughout the southern three-fourths of the State. Much control was necessary around livestock farms and private residences. House fly continued to be the number one nuisance and pest to all beef, pork, and poultry operations in SOUTH CAROLINA. An increase in complaints from nonfarm families living near farms or processing areas was noted. Even with extensive fly control and educational efforts, the incidence of complaints remained high. HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) infestations were slightly below normal in MARYLAND. During June and July counts ranged 10-30 per head on unsprayed beef cattle. During the same period counts on sprayed dairy cattle ranged 0-15 per head. Populations dropped below economic levels in September. The heaviest horn fly infestations in OHIO were observed in the east-central and southern areas of the State but were never found to exceed 500 per side on livestock. In INDIANA, horn fly populations ranged 1-2 per steer in May and continued to increase until the last week in August, counts ranged 600-700 per steer. Populations began building up in ILLINOIS in late May and by mid-June had reached an average of 20 per animal statewide. By early August counts reached 100 per animal and remained at this level until late September. Horn fly was generally annoying on beef cattle through- out IOWA. Populations peaked in Story County on July 21 when about 400 per head were observed. Horn fly annoyance to dairy cattle in WISCONSIN was observed in Columbia County as early as May 24 and moderate numbers were reported in Chippewa County in mid-June. The peak of activity occurred about August 1 when 20-40 flies per animal were observed on dairy cattle. Horn fly populations appeared to be down this year in most areas of NORTH DAKOTA. By June 9, counts in McKenzie County averaged 170 per animal. Counts averaged 35 per animal in Pierce County on June 23 and by July 14, populations had reached 240 per animal in Richland and Ransom Counties. On August 4, buffalo in Benson County averaged 150 flies per animal. In west- central NEBRASKA, horn fly averaged 5 per head on cattle in Keith, Arthur, McPherson, Logan, and Lincoln Counties on May 1l. By mid—- June, flies increased to 300-400 per head and by mid-July ranged 500-3,000 per animal, Populations remained at about 15500 pex head on range animals through August 23, then declined. Horn fly was active on cattle in CKLAHCMA from mid-March into late November. In Payne County the heaviest numbers, 1,500-1,700 per head, occurred in early June. Horn fly increased in the Trans- Pecos area of TEXAS in late April where counts ranged 400-3,000 per head in Presidio County. Medium to heavy infestations were noted in many counties in the Blacklands, north-central, Trans- Pecos, and Rolling Plain areas throughout the summer. Increasing populations were noted in the Panhandle area in late June. Adults averaged 100 per cow by March 24 in Jones County, MISSISSIPPI, and by mid-May averaged 179+ per cow in Marion, Monroe, and Oktibbeha Counties. Populations peaked in mid-July at 500+ per cow in Clay, Monroe, Montgomery, Noxubee, and Oktibbeha Counties and again in mid-September at 1,000+ per cow. Horn fly infesta- tions were annoying and damaging to livestock throughout the fly season in southern ALABAMA beginning in late March. Infestations were limited mainly to beef cattle herds where proper control was not applied. = 158) >= STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) infestations were slow building up in NORTH DAKOTA but populations became economic with the hot, wet weather during August. The lack of a killing frost until October contributed to the prolonged annoyance. This species is primarily a feedlot and farm herd problem in North Dakota and is not a problem in the drier western areas of the State. The heaviest populations observed in NEBRASKA were seen in mid-August when flies ranged 20-25 per leg on feedlot animals in Lincoln and Keith Counties. Fly activity and breeding began to decrease by September 7. Stable fly became apparent on cattle in WISCONSIN late in May and increased rapidly in the northwest area early in June and in the southeast area later the same month. Moderate to severe annoyance to cattle occurred on warmer days and unusually numerous reports of stable flies biting humans were received. High numbers persisted until the end of September. An established infestation of a LOUSE FLY (Hippobosca longipennis) was found on imported cheetahs in the San Diego Wildlife Park at Poway, San Diego County, CALIFORNIA. About 180 adult flies were recovered from a mature cheetah and 6 from a cub during a flea bath. Eradication treatments were initiated. This fly is a serious pest of carnivores in Africa. MOSQUITO populations were heavier in MARYLAND during 1972 than in 1971. A total of 97,864 females were taken in 23 light traps operated in 16 counties. Culex spp. comprised 50 percent of the total collected and Aedes sollicitans 23 percent. This was a 64- percent increase over the total collected in 1971. Populations of flood water species increased rapidly after the passage of tropical storm Agnes. Cost of operating mosquito control and abatement programs in Maryland exceeded $1,140,000. In most areas, annoyance levels were similar to those of 1971. In OHIO, one or more cases of encephalomyelitis were reported in 66 counties. This disease is seasonal in the State, corresponding with that of mosquito activity. Thus far, 51 encephalomyelitis isolations have been confirmed from 6 species of Aedes spp. Aedes vexans was the most common mosquito in INDIANA, not only during the usual period of May and June, but all season. A. sticticus appeared with A. vexans early in the season. A. trivittatus was first observed at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, June 2. Psorophora spp., parti- cularly P. ciliata, were more common than usual. Heavy populations of Aedes cinereus, A. stimulans, and A. communis were apparent in WISCONSIN in mid-May near permanent wetlands. Moderate to severe annoyance to livestock and humans was reported. Populations moderated slightly through May and June due to dry weather. Rainy weather began early in July and populations increased drastically late in July, along with annoyance to humans and livestock. A few areas had problems with heartworm of dogs transmitted by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes became a problem to man and animals in almost all areas of NEW MEXICO after July because of rains and flooding. BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) infestations ranged moderate to heavy in MARYLAND. This species was particularly common in the suburban areas of Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties during fall and winter months. - 159 - STORED PRODUCTS INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) infestations were reported damaging stored products in 26 IOWA counties during 1972. Infesta- tions were reported in stored grain in a research laboratory, bulk and bagged seed corn in commercial warehouses, and stored corn or other stored products in homes in these counties. This represents a 35-percent increase in inquiries concerning this pest over those received in 1971. CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) adults were a problem in stored products in isolated areas of KENTUCKY. Counts averaged 1,600 per bushel of stored oats at a location in Nelson County and 73 per bushel of wheat at a location in Washington County. On a statewide basis, however, infestations were much less severe than usual. In NORTH DAKOTA, this pest infested 17,000 bushels of stored wheat in Cass County at the rate of 1,280 adults per bushel. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) was a serious pest of stored corn and grain sorghum in central and southern ALABAMA, BENEFICIAL INSECTS Highlights: CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE and a BRACONID WASP were effective in controlling pests of alfalfa, small grains, and corn in KANSAS and OKLAHOMA. Several PARASITIC WASPS of cereal leaf beetle, alfalfa weevil, walnut aphid, and European corn borer became established in new areas during 1972. CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) was instrumental in maintaining or reducing Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infestations in alfalfa hay to below economic levels in NEVADA. In conjunction with parasites and other predators, this lady beetle was effective also in holding Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid), Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid), and Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) infestations below economic levels in the State. Convergent lady beetle was a major factor in the control of pea aphid during April and May throughout KANSAS. This lady beetle also was a principle factor in the control of Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) in the State from mid to late July, especially in Reno and Sedgwick Counties. Convergent lady beetle was active in OKLAHOMA from early March into October. Heavy populations aided in the control of greenbug on wheat in many areas in late March and in sorghum during June and July. All stages of this predator were very common in alfalfa during March and April and in cotton from mid-June to mid-July in Oklahoma. A BRACONID WASP (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) began exerting significant control pressure on Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) in southeast KANSAS during the third week of June. By August 11, this braconid wasp had eliminated greenbug infestations on sorghum throughout the State. In OKLAHOMA, L. testaceipes was active in greenbug-infested wheat by early March. Parasitism of greenbug by this braconid wasp was as high as 60 percent by the end of March. An ICHNEUMON WASP (Lemophagus curtus) became established at Gull Lake in Kalamazoo County, MICHIGAN. Two previously established parasites of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) larvae, - 160 - Tetrastichus julis (a eulophid wasp) and Diaparsis carnifer (an ichneumon wasp), are increasing. Populations of T. julis were sufficiently abundant to parasitize a high percentage of cereal leaf beetle larvae. Additional releases of this parasite were made at 37 locations in Michigan, mostly in the southern half of the Lower Peninsula. Releases of T. julis are planned throughout the State during 1973 in locations where cereal leaf beetle has been found. Recoveries of T. julis were made in 17 Lower Peninsula counties and is now present in more than 25 new locations. This is a major step in the efforts to achieve biological control of cereal leaf beetle. An ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) and a EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus incertus), larval parasites of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), were found throughout PENNSYLVANIA, with B. curculionis remaining the dominant larval parasite in the State. The heaviest activity of T. incertus occurred after B. curculionis activity declined in July. A BRACONID WASP (Microctonus colesi), a parasite of H. postica adults, also was prevalent throughout Pennsylvania. M. aethiops was released in the extreme southwestern counties of Pennsylvania in 1970 and 1971 but no recoveries were made during 1972. Adults of Bathyplectes curculionis and B. anura ranged 4-5 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in KENTUCKY early in the season and parasitism ranged 0-47 percent during the peak of larval activity in the State. B. anura and B. stenostigma were collected in OHIO homethe tarsi timeljsance oGLicanablyunekeased. (See CEIR 22(28): 337 and 22(32):528 respectively). A total of 2,550 alfalfa weevil parasites, including B. anura, M. colesi, and a CHALCID WASP (Peridesmia discus), were released at various locations throughout OREGON. A BRACONID WASP (Trioxys pallidus) was reared from Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut aphid) collected in walnut orchards in the Talent area of OREGON in fall 1972. This recovery indicates the establishment of T. pallidus in Jackson County. The initial release of this braconid wasp at this locality in Oregon was made in August 1971. A EULOPHID WASP (Sympiesis viridula) was taken from larval burrows of Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) in stalks of corn grown for grain in Warren County, INDIANA, October 25, 1971, and in Rush County (CEIR 22(35):583) by R.W. Meyer. Both determina- tions were by B.D. Burks. Warren County is a new county record. These were the first records of this eulophid wasp in Indiana Since 1948. An ICHNEUMON WASP (Eriborus terebrans) adult, reared from a burrow of O. nubilalis in a 1971 cornstalk in La Porte County, INDIANA, by R.W. Meyer, emerged June 8, 1972. An adult reared from green corn at an agronomy farm in Tippecanoe County emerged July 27. Eleven adults of this ichneumon wasp were reared from 200 European corn borer burrows collected during April from overwintered corn- stalks in Harrison Township, Fayette County, and a cocoon was taken from green corn in Indian Creek Township, Lawrence County. La Porte, Tippecanoe, Fayette, and Lawrence Counties are all new county records for E. terebrans. - 161 - Weather of the week continued from page 144. Snow fell in the mountains in Arizona and in New Mexico. Strong winds caused blowing snow and drifting snow hampering travel in those areas. Nine inches of new snow fell in central Arizona and 6 inches fell at Los Alamos, New Mexico, Thursday night and early Friday morning. Sixteen inches of snow lay on the ground in Flagstaff, Arizona, Friday morning. A low centered over Nevada early Sunday produced heavy snow over the mountains of California, Nevada, and Utah. Wet weather persisted over the eastern half of the Nation. Severe thunderstorms struck eastern Texas and the lower Mississippi River Valley Saturday. Tornadoes occurred near Waco, Texas, and Dogpatch, Arkansas, Saturday forenoon. A tornadoe struck Hubbard, Texas, a town of 1,500 population, killing 4 persons, injuring 80,and damaging one-third of the town. Other severe storms occurred in the afternoon and evening. Early Sunday morning, a tornadoe damaged homes, power lines, trees, and injured several persons at Mendenhall, Mississippi. Heavy rains fell over much of the Southeast. Jacksonville, Florida, measured 4.90 inches in 24 hours ending Saturday morning. TEMPERATURE: Temperatures below freezing were common over the Great Basin, Rocky Mountains, and much of the northern and central Great Plains several mornings early in the week. After- noon temperatures remained below freezing in spots in northern Minnesota and northern Michigan one or two days. Escanaba, Michigan, warmed only to 30 degrees Monday. Other extremes: Fort Myers, Florida,and Cotulla, Texas, warmed to the upper 80's several days. Maximums over the Great Plains ranged from the 30's and 40's in the Dakotas to the 70's and 80's in Texas and Louisiana. Afternoon temperatures in the West ranged generally from the 30's to the 50's in the north and to the 60's along the Mexican border. Subzero temperatures occurred in the higher Rocky Mountains on one or two mornings. Southerly winds brought unusual warmth to the eastern half of the Nation late in the week and over the weekend. Youngstown, Ohio, registered 69 degrees Saturday and Sunday afternoons. It had never before been so warm so early in the season at Youngstown. London and Pikes- ville, both in Kentucky, recorded 82 degrees Friday afternoon. Traverse City, Michigan, warmed to 71 degrees Sunday afternoon. The entire Nation, except the Far Southwest, averaged warmer than normal last week. A large area from the Great Lakes to Tennessee averaged 15 to 25 degrees warmer than normal. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MARCH TO MID-APRIL 1973 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals from the Continental Divide to the Appalachian Mountains. Sub- normal temperatures are indicated for the western quarter of the Nation. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in pro- spect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the West Coast States, the Great Basin,and the Midwest. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Gulf and south Atlantic Coast States as well as the central and southern Plains. Elsewhere near normal pre- cipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 162 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 Caen CVT TST VOL. 23 NO. 12 March 23, 1973 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, andindustrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 March 23, 1973 Number 12 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER winter survival low in northwest Illinois and southwest Kansas. (p. 165). DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH expected to cause heavy defoliation in eastern Oregon. CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER severely damaged Jeffrey pines on Cleveland National Forest in southern Cailesroirnda. 1p. G67) There were no confirmed SCREWWORM cases reported in continental WS. taal jocrestowls Gog Sey s CEREAL LEAF BEETLE active earlier than usual in southwest Michigan due to unseasonably warm weather. (p. 170). Detection New State records include 2 APHIDS and a EULOPHID parasite of leaiminerstltes: 1 idaho (pp. 167) W68 9169) an, ETCH M—iEy ana California (p. 169), and STRIPED MEALYBUG in Arizona (p. 165). For new county records see page 171. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Forest Insect Highlights (pp. 173-177). Distribution of Giant Hornet. Map. (p. 172). Some First Occurrences of the Season EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR larvae in Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, and Oklahoma. SPRING CANKERWORM male and female moths in Minnesota. ELM LEAF BEETLE overwintered adults in Kentucky and Colorado. Adults and nymphs of a TREEHOPPER on oak in Florida. HORN FLY adults in southern Mississippi. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE swarms in Delaware. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 16 unless other- wise indicated. - 163 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... gsr suae el clear ete, Insects Affecting Corn; Sovehum) Sugarcane. 65) ) Ornamentals feucae eis icretereeenL OMG Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..165 Forest and Shade Trees....167 HOLace We SUMES sy deliciereseeelone - 166): Manvand* Animals (222) cies eos Sugar Beets ci en. 0 -167 Households and Structures.169 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppersl67 Miscellaneous Wild Plants.169 General Vegetables......... 167 Stored Products 2 ye ae Og Benetvedia seEnSsecitsSr eau cu etsi or ciciieasneneneie lnetenauck onenene avis ech monet LOS, Federal and State Plant Protection Programs slic lager sustpemon seodey oven eh le) linplyerlalie MbpeEyoy (CfoslilkeveiesWonion 5 6 oso 6c miodepe ey aie ghia s) etshie. <0! suagsl: es siecle -skeuee ey eeeeneas 170 Nawal eins eete Hep Otitersersene era onerous ele aileries shel oe tenentel Sites eine: latte Ceo keto te SEO DEES CrlO Maen cccyesucrepomeusace Meee Saini Pe eo AG OOlon See tO blavevedana ce depage ances only(lk Corrections. SHOMO ROO OGD GOOD OO DOD Oot OOO DG shee’ ermaekionon ch shel onenoe lege Distripetion: OF Giant Hornet. “Map Sie "Gro GIO a Ole OG bra Gd Golo su elisp one lepencuerlane Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Honest) Insecit sao hr onl Suey Sivan see aenis eel eitcie rele del ahee auoreue RoemehCenemnmete eS WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 19 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, PRECIPITATION: Flagstaff, Arizona, began Monday, March 12, with 6 inches of snow bringing the total from the storm extending back to the previous week to 9 inches. Monday's snow brought the Flagstaff total to an incredible 140 inches since October 1. A storm developing in the Southwest caused widespread precipitation from southern California into the Plateau region. It rained in the valleys and snowed at higher elevations. While the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and New England remained cloudy, the southern Plains area, across Tennessee and the Atlantic States enjoyed sunshine. Early Tuesday a vigorous late winter storm crossed the Rockies and blanketed northern Arizona and southern Utah with snow. Salt Lake City recorded 3 inches. At higher elevations over one foot of snow accumulated. A dangerous storm moved into the Plains; southerly winds gusted up to 40 m.p.h. Thunderstorms developed in an explosive manner Tuesday morning in the central and southern Plains. Wind damage occurred at Lees Summit, Missouri, about noon. A tornado hit Newkirk, Oklahoma, in mid- afternoon. The path of the storm measured 30 miles long and one to two blocks wide as it tore through the center of the town damaging the courthouse, schools, businesses, cars, and homes. Ahead of the severe storm, heavy rain fell in places. Part of Kansas City, Missouri, received 1 inch of rain in an hour, at Quincy, Illinois 2 inches. Most of the East and South remained sunny and warm. By Wednesday an enormous storm centered in the central.Plains moved slowly to the northeast. Tropical air flowing across the Mississippi Valley provided heat and moisture to trigger violent thunderstorms. Late Wednesday, 21 tornadoes were sighted from Texas to Illinois. North of the storm, a blizzard shaped up in the North Central States. Cheyenne, Wyoming, reported 13 inches of snow driven by wind gusts up to 60 m.p.h. Weather of the week continued on page 178. - 164 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per linear foot in wheat checked in Washita and Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Light, ranged 0-10 per row foot in wheat throughout southwest area. (Munson). ARKANSAS - Averaged less than 100 per 100 sweeps in small wheat in northwest area. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - This grain pest and other aphids light in wheat field in Noxubee County week ending March 9; no damage seen. (Robinson). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Preliminary overwintering survival survey indicates survival much lower than normal (less than 50 percent) in Henderson and Knox Counties. This area had heaviest second-generation population in State in 1972. Survival appears normal (80-85 percent) in east district. (Cooley). KANSAS - Larval winter survival generally less than 25 percent in cornfields checked in Stevens County. (Bell). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - WISCONSIN - Collected August 18, 1970, near Mauston, Juneau County, and August 20, 1970, near Nabob, Washington County. Determinations confirmed by R.E. White. These are new county records. (Wis. Ins. Sur 2): A WIREWORM (Melanotus communis) - FLORIDA - All larval instars on sugarcane; more pupae and adults present than larvae, which is unusual for so early in season. Pupae and adults usually do not develope until May and June on sugarcane in Palm Beach County. Galan Coop. sur. ). GRASS THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) - IDAHO - This species and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) collected in cornfield near Shoshgpne, Lincoln County, August 3, 1968, by R. Portman. Determined by K. O'Neill. These are new county records. (Portman). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Annual winter survey, including 57 counties, completed March 9. Total of 219 bunch grass samples taken. Samples generally indicated non- economic infestations. Moderate to near severe populations found in at least one sample in McPherson and Montgomery Counties. Heaviest count, 914 per square foot, taken in little bluestem from Montgomery County. Number of bugs surviving until early March 1973 generally lower than 1971 and 1972 in north-central and central districts. Counts in 1973 remained about same as 1972 in northeast and south-central districts, counts slightly higher in east-central and southeast districts. (Bell). AN ANTHOCORID BUG (Orius tristicolor) - IDAHO - Collected from bluegrass at Post Falls, Kootenai County, July 1, 1970, by R. Portman. Determined by J.L. Herring. This is a new county record. (Portman). STRIPED MEALYBUG (Ferrisia virgata) - ARIZONA - Collected on Texas sage at Mesa, Maricopa County, by R. Toth February 9, 1973. Determined by T. Halstead. This is a new State record. (Ariz. Coop suas»). - 165 - FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA - Percent terminal infestations in alfalfa in south-central counties ranged as follows (number of fields in parenthesis): Bryan 11 (2); Marshall 48 (1); Johnston 92 (1); Carter 52°(1)5 Murray SSHG@ar Garvin 30-48 (3); and Pontotoc 24 (1). Adults light in most fields, some fields in Bryan County treated. Foliage damage averaged less than 10 percent except in Bryan County where loss ranged 15-20 percent. Larvae ranged 20-30 and adults 6-8 per square foot in Caddo, Washita, Grady, and Garvin Counties; larvae ranged 30-40 per square foot in Stephens County. Adults averaged 15 and larvae 1 per 25 sweeps in Wagoner County; 16 percent of terminals infested in Lincoln County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey continued negative in Washington County. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Larvae observed in all alfalfa in southern areas. Counts in southwest ranged 3-11 larvae per 10 stems. Infested plants averaged 30 percent in south- central area. (Munson). INDIANA - H. postica egg counts ranged 200-300 per square foot in some alfalfa in Knox and Harrison Counties. Larvae ranged 0-4 per 50 stems in Daviess, Dubois, Spencer, Crawford, Harrison, and Washington Counties. First through third instars predominant. One field with 20 percent feeding damage in Spencer County. (Wilson, Meyer). KENTUCKY - Larvae, mostly first instar, and adults active in alfalfa in Warren and Barren Counties. Larvae infested 75 percent of alfalfa tips. Adults averaged 68 per 100 sweeps. (Barnett, Parr). VIRGINIA - Survey conducted on 9 fields of alfalfa (51 acres) in Washington, Powhatan, Roanoke, Bedford, Wythe, and Hanover Counties. Based on 5 samples of 10 tips from each field, infestation averaged 12.6 percent. Defoliation less than one percent. (Allen et al.). TENNESSEE - Surveys in western part of State indicate H. postica major "hatchout" not yet occurred. Counts per 50 tips per field by county as follows: Madison (1 field) - larvae 2, tips infested 2, no damage; Tipton (3 fields) - larvae 4, tips infested 4, no damage; Lauderdale (1 field) - larvae averaged 2.5, 80 percent of tips infested 65 percent damaged; Franklin - 10 percent of tips infested. (Cagle). MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum samples from alfalfa near Scott, Bolivar County, indicated 3,500 adults and 8,700 immatures per acre week ending March 9. (Schuster). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Counts in alfalfa in southwest area ranged 0-8 larvae (averaged 3.5) per square foot. (Munson). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-25 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Bryan County and 10-12 per linear foot in Caddo, Washita, Grady, and Garvin Counties. Very light (less than 5 per square foot) in Murray, Carter, Marshall, Johnston, Pontotoc, Lincoln, and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers remain low, 100-150 per 100 sweeps, in alfalfa in Washing- ton County. (Boyer). ALABAMA —- Light, 5-15 per 5 sweeps of bur and crimson clovers in lawns and fields in Lee County. (McQueen). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 1 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in most south-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sure. - 166 - SUGAR BEETS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae ranged 0-30 per 100 whorls in sugar beets in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - FLORIDA - Heavy on tomatoes at Homestead, Dade County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - FLORIDA - Averaged about 1 late-instar larva per row foot in unsprayed bell peppers at Deteave Beach, Palm Beach) County. (la. Coop, Sur.) - GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Required controls to maintain quality standards on some lettuce in Salt River Vallliev Maracopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Required controls on lembuce in, partsmoi ee wunagcounty. |) (Ariz. Coop. Sux.) . ORNAMENTALS APHIDS - IDAHO - Nasonovia pallida and Capitophorus elaeagni collected September 12, 1972, at Paris, Bear Lake County, by Johnson. Determined by L.M. Russell. N. pallida is a new State record, C. elaeagni a new county record. (Portman). FOREST AND SHADE TREES DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - OREGON - Incidence of polyhedrosis virus in first-instar larvae low (averaged less than 1 percent) throughout infested area in eastern counties. Heavy defoliation expected this season. (Larsen). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Survey of 183 randomly selected pines in Hermiston, Umatilla County, revealed 30 trees attacked; 6 of total trees sampled contained live larvae. Based on above data, winter mortality appears near 80 percent. Lowest temperature was -1l degrees F. for week of December 8-15. Infestations difficult to find in Hermiston due to extremely small size of tents and pitch exudations. Larvae easily found at McNary Dam. (Larson, Bowman). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Additional groups of 2-10 pine trees observed dying along highways in Cleburne, Randolph, Chambers, and Lee Counties. Nature of recent mortality indicates D. frontalis and Ips spp. (engraver beetles) active. Woodpeckers very active on Several recently dead trees feeding on larvae, pupae, and adults. (Barwood et al.). CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER (Melanophila californica) - CALIFORNIA - Population explosion of this pest of Jeffrey pine observed on private and forest land in vicinity of Cleveland National Forest, San Diego County. About 6,000 trees severely damaged. Salvage operations planned. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 167 - PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on white pine in 2 Nashville locations. (Schmitt). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - KENTUCKY - Egg hatch noted in southern areas of State and as far north as Wood- ford, Fayette, Franklin, and Shelby Counties. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI -—- Eggs hatched in most counties in lower two-thirds of State. Webs noted with young larvae feeding on wild plum, peach, and apple trees. (Robinson). ALABAMA - First hatch of season noted on black cherry trees in Lee County; 8-10 days earlier than usual. First-instar larvae and 3 to 5-inch tents present. (McQueen). FLORIDA - Larvae nearly full grown on wild plum at Gainesville, Alachua County, March 16. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA — First larvae of season noted on wild plum in Love County March 13. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MINNESOTA - Male and female moths reported from several locations in St. Paul and Minneapolis in areas where infestations moderate to heavy during L972. (Mann. ;Pesit Rpts): ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - KENTUCKY - Adults emerged from hibernation and nuisance to homeowners in Washington County. (Barnett, Scheibner). COLORADO - Overwintering adults active in Loveland area, Larimer County. (Fronk). NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - MINNESOTA - Survey of elm along St. Croix River north of Stillwater, Washington County, and along Crow River in Hennepin and Wright Counties revealed that only galleries of this species were numerous, especially in areas where Dutch elm disease had killed many trees. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). AN APHID (Chaitophorus populifolii) - IDAHO - Collected by Edmiston on black cottonwood at Mackay, Custer County, August 18, 1972. Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (Edmiston). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged live oak trees in Stephens and Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sune ie A TREEHOPPER (Platycotis vittata) - FLORIDA - Adults and full- grown nymphs collected on water oak at Gainesville, Alachua County, March 13. First report of season. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - There were no confirmed cases reported in the continental United States during the period March 4-10. Light case incidence in previous weeks of 1973 provides indication that confirmed cases are still at low ebb. Total of 52 confirmed cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 70,956,000, all in Texas. Total of 192,372,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 2.1 on backs of untreated Holstein dairy cows of various ages, 11 on calves (300-600 lbs), 8.4 on bred heifers, and 46 on five Holstein heifers in Fayette County. Of those observed, 41 percent were H. lineatum and 59 percent were H. bovis. (Barnett, Knapp). - 168 - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - First emergence in State noted March 4-10 in Southern counties. Infestation in Forrest County ranged 15-20 per head on 25 beef cattle. First emergence noted in Oktibbeha and Monroe Counties March 12. Counts in 4 beef herds ranged up to 15 per animal. (Robinson). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Overwintering adults located in late February currently observed on nearby beef cattle; herd of 50 head with up to 5 (average 2) flies per animal. (Robinson). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), still heavy on several cattle herds in Payne County; moderate in Coal County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN ITCH MITE (Cheyletiella yasguri) - CALIFORNIA - Taken on dog at Stockton, San Joaquin County, during March 1973. Collected and determined by D.C. Olin, confirmed by Ben Keh. This ectoparasite of dogs has been known to cause dermatitis of man in Europe and the Midwest and Northeast United States, as was the case with this dog owner. This is a new State record. (Cal. Coopmeipite):. HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - DELAWARE - First adult swarms of season noted in New Castle County. (Burbutis). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS A NYMPHALID BUTTERFLY (Vanessa carye) - ARIZONA —- Adults heavy from Yuma, Yuma County, to Tucson, Pima County. Food source, Malva parviflora (cheeseweed), abundant throughout area. (Ariz. Coops Sure. STORED PRODUCTS RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Checks at 10 feed mills (30 bins sampled) in Sampson, Lenoir, Pitt, Franklin, -and Person Counties indicate this pest is of primary concern in stored corn. Weevils ranged 5-100 per cup of corn near bottoms of bins in 8 of 10 feed mills. Bins swept and treated prior to it bib Ibsivayes , (Catone. | We eel 2) 6 BENEFICIAL INSECTS A EULOPHID WASP (Diglyphus intermedius) - IDAHO - This parasite of Liriomyza spp. (leafminer flies), collected from bluegrass at Rathdrum, Kootenai County, June 1, 1970, by R. Portman. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. (Portman). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Overwintering mortality light in eastern area. Honey stocks expected to be lower than normal, due in part to mild winter. Supplemental feeding probably will be necessary earlier than usual to keep bee losses at minimum. (Walstrom, Mar. 9). OKLAHOMA - Active about wild plum blossoms in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). -A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy over- wintered adult populations in Delta counties dispersing; vacuum samples in Bolivar County indicated 58,000 per acre in alfalfa. (Schuster). 169 DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged light to moderate in wheat and alfalfa in Washita County. Some adults seen in alfalfa in south-central counties. (Okla. Coop. SEO SG) FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS BLACK IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis richteri) - ALABAMA - Winged mating forms reported from 25-30 percent of mounds in Randolph and Chambers Counties for first flights of season. Flights also observed in Crenshaw County. (Barwood et al.). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - MICHIGAN - Activity due to unseasonably warm weather observed in southwest area week ending March 11. Feeding Signs on wild grasses at these sites also observed. This is about 30 days earlier than normal. (Berger). TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - CALIFORNIA - Two pro- perties found infested in survey in San Leandro area, Alameda County. All other inspections negative. (Cail... CoopayRpee es LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/9-15, BL, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) 42, YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 2. KENTUCKY - Lexington, 3/13-15, BL, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) 1, YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM 1. HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) moderate on mature sweet corn at Omaopio, Maui; one or more young larvae in 30 percent of ears. Eggs heavy on silks; one or more eggs on about 100 percent of ears. (Miyahira). General Vegetables - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) caused light damage to nearly mature and seedling bush beans at Hoolehua, Molokai. BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) light in bush bean planting at Hoolehua; infested 7 percent of petioles. Negligible in adjacent nearly mature and seedling bush beans. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) nymphs and adults ranged 3-11 (light) per plant in planting of bulb onions at Pulehu, Maui. Also light in 10 acres at Kaunakakai, Molokai; ranged O-14 per plant. Older leaves show effect of previous heavy infestation. BEAN POD BORER (Maruca testulalis) larval activity heavy in snap beans at Kurtistown, Hawaii Island; about 75 percent of pods affected. Trace in bush beans at Hoolehua, Molokai; adults light. (Matayoshi, Kawamura). GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) , LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.), and CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) trace in snap beans at Haleiwa, Oahu; greenhouse whitefly and larval mines of Liriomyza spp. light in adjacent plantings of seequa and bittermelon. Larval mines of Liriomyza spp. heavy in greenhouse tomatoes at Pupukea, Oahu. (Kawamura). - 170 - DETECTION New State Records -—- APHIDS - Chaitophorus populifolii - IDAHO - Custer County (p. 168). Nasonovia pallida - IDAHO - Bear Lake County (p. 167). A EULOPHID WASP (Diglyphus intermedius) - IDAHO Kootenai County (p. 169). AN ITCH MITE (Cheyletiella yasguri) - CALIFORNIA - San Joaquin County (p. 169). STRIPED MEALYBUG (Ferrisia virgata) - ARIZONA - Maricopa County (p. 165). New County Records - AN ANTHOCORID BUG (Orius tristicolor) IDAHO Kootenai (p. 165). AN APHID (Capitophorus elaeagni) IDAHC - Bean Lake Conran (p. 167). GRASS THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) IDAHO Lincoln (p. 165). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) IDAHO - Lincoln (p. 165). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) WISCONSIN - Juneau, Washington (p. 165). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(49-52):781 - AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus fumipennis) - ARIZONA - Line 3: "Determined by D.R. Miller," should read "Determined by B.D. Burks.” CEIR 23(7):72 - SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORGHICAROMUINA T= kine 5: 2.) maliion boardmrestms. s2nshould KeAGm Lee chouSsand: iboands teen 5G CEIR 23(7): CENTERFOLD —- JAPANESE BEETLE QUARANTINES (map) - ILLINOIS - Delete red dot in Kane County; not a regulated area. Red dots in Rock Island, Madison, and St. Clair Counties should be changed to green dots; these counties are not regulated, but are suppressive areas. INDIANA - Delete red dot in Blackford County; this is not a regulated area. (PPQ). CEIR 23(10):129 - MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS - A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus minimus) - VIRGINIA - " ... Carduus mutans (bristlethistle) ..." should read " ... Carduus acanthoides (bristlethistle) ..." (Allen). CEIR 23(11):148 and 149 - NEW UNITED STATES RECORDS and NEW STATE RECORDS, respectively - Callosobruchus albocallosus Pic should read Callosobruchus pulcher Pic. (Kawamura). - 171 - ELG6T ‘ZL: (@t) &% *ydy ‘sur *‘uoog *doop ‘ady *ydoq ‘*s'n Fe Zz a sae: Cae: DUDWAIH O4QD49 DdsSa, 49UIOH 4JUDIQ, yO UOIENQIANSIG @L6L ‘TE staquoooq VasnN ‘eo7Aueg uoTyoodsuy UVTVOH JueTq puv peupuy suvtdoag our ,UeIENy pur UOF}OO}LOIA LUVTA FJVIS JAtoddng [Leopzuyooy, puv AdAANg 4sS0q Aq poavdoag 172 SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1972 (Continued from page 161) FOREST INSECT HIGHLIGHTS lef Situation in the West BARK BEETLES were probably the most damaging forest insects in the Western States in 1972. Major epidemics were reported for mountain pine beetle, Douglas-fir beetle, and spruce beetle. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) activity was reported in WASHINGTON, OREGON, CALIFORNIA, IDAHO, MONTANA, WYOMING, UTAH, SOUTH DAKOTA, and COLORADO. Greatest losses occurred on the Targhee National Forest of IDAHO and WYOMING where more than 200 million board feet of prime timber is dying. This infestation already has destroyed several hundred million board feet of timber over the past decade. It has now spread deep into Yellowstone National Park and is progressing into the Gallatin and Beaverhead National Forests of MONTANA. A mountain pine beetle outbreak has killed nearly 25 million board feet of timber on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in OREGON. Also in Oregon significant lodgepole pine killing occurred on the Deschutes, Fremont, Umatilla, and Winema National Forests and Crater Lake National Park. Heavy losses to western white pine occurred on the Clearwater, St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, and Kaniksu National Forests of northern IDAHO. Here mountain pine beetle activity seems to be enhanced by white pine blister rust weakened trees. Dense, second growth ponderosa pine stands near Missoula, MONTANA, sustained epidemic beetle populations for the third consecutive year. Some control is being realized by silvicultural thinning, a practice that reduces stand susceptibility to attack. Over- stocked second-growth ponderosa pine also is being attacked in the Black Hills of SOUTH DAKOTA. Over 400,000 trees were reported as killed in 1972 in this area. Smaller centers of mountain pine beetle activity occurred throughout the western host type. DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) activity was ata high level in 1972. The massive outbreak in the North Fork Clear- water River area of IDAHO continued at an epidemic level killing an additional 24 million board feet of prime sawtimber. An estimated 22 million board feet was killed in OREGON and WASHING-— TON. A spotty but extensive infestation occurred on the Targhee National Forest in IDAHO and WYOMING. This outbreak probably resulted from storm damaged trees. Scattered patches of Douglas fir beetle activity were common in most western regions. A pheromone, methylcyclohexanone, was field tested in WASHINGTON, OREGON, and IDAHO to repel Douglas fir beetle from selected trees and areas. Though test results have not been completely evaluated, it appears this may be a usable tool in manipulating beetle populations. 17 The following summary is the highlights section of the "Forest Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972" which was compiled and published by the Forest Service, U.S. Depar tment of Agriculture. Copies of the complete annual summary are available upon request from the Regional Forester or Area Director in your area. Addresses of the regional offices may be found on page 177 in this issue of the CEIR. - 173 - SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus rufipennis) damage was at a lower level in most western forests than the level reported in 1971. An exception was ALASKA where heavy mortality on approximately 70,000 acres, near Grading Bay, was detected. Smaller outbreaks (5,000-6,000 acres) occurred near Cook Inlet. An estimated gross volume of 1.7 billion board feet was killed in 1972 in the Cook Inlet basin. Most of this was on State and private land and the Kenai National Moose Range. An infestation on the Kenai Peninsula has increased tenfold since 1970 and now encompasses 60,000 acres. An estimated one million board feet of timber was killed in high elevation spruce stands in OREGON and WASHINGTON. A high percentage of the merchantable spruce volume in the Manti- LaSal National Forest, UTAH, has been destroyed by an outbreak that has persisted since 1969. It is expected to continue until most of the larger trees are killed. Outbreaks in WYOMING, COLORADO, and NEW MEXICO decreased dramatically in 1972 from natural factors. However, recent windstorms have created conditions that may enhance new outbreak centers next year in these States. WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) was very active in parts of CALIFORNIA; specifically on the Shasta-Trinity, Sequoia, Mendocino, and Lassen National Forests. Some increased activity was also reported on the Ochoco, Fremont, and Malheur National Forests of OREGON. Major defoliation problems in the West were caused by the WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, PINE BUTTERFLY, LARCH CASEBEARER, and HEMLOCK SAWFLY. WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura occidentalis) infested areas increased significantly in size throughout most of its range. In MONTANA and northern IDAHO over 4.5 million acres are infested. A survey on the Nezperce National Forest showed 138,000 acres have been permanently damaged (top kill and/or tree mortality). Regeneration is being seriously impaired by budworm injury that prevents cone production or causes cone destruction. In eastern WASHINGTON, defoliation spread from 18,000 acres in 1971 to over 200,000 acres in 1972. Outbreaks are continuing in OREGON, southern IDAHO, western WYOMING, COLORADO, and northern NEW MEXICO. The most acute defoliation problem in the West is the DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata). This insect is capable of killing trees in one or two years. The situation in OREGON and WASHINGTON is critical. Visible detoliation was observed on 196,000 acres. Surveys made during fall 1972 indicate the infesta- tion may approach 500,000 acres in 1973. It's estimated that up to one billion board feet of timber may be killed as a result of this outbreak. Increased activity is also reported in IDAHO, NEVADA, and parts of CALIFORNIA. Isolated reports of Douglas fir tussock moth also came from COLORADO, MONTANA, NEW MEXICO, and ARIZONA. PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) severely defoliated ponderosa pine in MONTANA and IDAHO. About 40,000 acres of defoliation occurred in the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana. Another 36,000 acres were defoliated on the Nezperce and Payette National Forests in IDAHO. =— lia LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) continued to inflict heavy damage, primarily growth reduction, throughout northern IDAHO. It is continuing to spread in OREGON and WASHINGTON and is expected to eventually infest a4 larch stands in these States. Attempts at biological control were accelerated in 1972 by the release of two new species of parasites in OREGON, WASHINGTON, IDAHO, and MONTANA. An outbreak of HEMLOCK SAWFLY (Neodiprion tsugae) has spread to 23,000 acres in southeast ALASKA. One season of defoliation has caused hemlock and spruce mortality on some acres. Evaluations indicate the outbreak will persist through 1973. Some mortality of true firs occurred on 82,000 acres in OREGON and WASHINGTON from BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) injury. WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa) caused noticeable defoliation on 10,000 acres of grand fir in IDAHO. This is the first documented report of this insect building up in Idaho since a devastating outbreak in the late 1930's An ADELGID (Pineus pini), introduced into HAWAII in 1970, is threatening pine plantations throughout the State. Attempts at control are underway using chemicals and biological agents. Situation in the East SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE in the South, and GYPSY MOTH and SPRUCE BUDWORM in the North are the most damaging insects in the Eastern United States. Other major insects include ENGRAVER BEETLES, BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE, BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, SAWFLIES, OAKWORMS, TENT CATERPILLARS, VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR, LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX, and a PINE LOOPER, SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) increased in intensity and area throughout most of the South. Control efforts largely were directed at removal and salvage of infested trees. Evaluations indicate the infestation will continue in 1973. The table on the following page shows the reported acreages infested and volumes salvaged. Additional tree mortality due to the southern pine beetle was reported occurring in TENNESSEE, MARYLAND, and DELAWARE. ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) caused an estimated loss of 2 million trees in northern FLORIDA. Increased activity was also noted in NORTH CAROLINA, TEXAS, AND ARKANSAS. The range of established GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) infesta- tions increased somewhat to the west and south of the 1971 boundary of infestation. However, total acreages defoliated by the gypsy moth in 1972 were slightly less than in 1971. Male moths were trapped as far west as MICHIGAN, IOWA, and MISSOURI and south into NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, and TENNESSEE, Small spot infestations have been located in southern MICHIGAN and northern OHIO. Chemical control, primarily with carbaryl, was applied to 174,180 acres in cooperative projects with the States of NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, and PENNSYLVANIA. This was about half the area treated in 1971. - 175 - State Alabama Arkansas Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas Virginia Acres infested 15,000,000 400,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 1,600,000 6,700,000 4,300,000 8,685,000 4,600,000 *From Federal lands only. SPRUCE BUDWORM Volume salvaged in 1972 through September 17,000,000 bd. ft. 600,000 bd. ft. 3,000,000 bd. ft. 31,800,000 bd. ft. and 32,000 cords 4,005,000 bd. ft. 3,600,000 bd. ft. 3,000,000 bd. ft.* 18,200,000 bd. ft. 1,600 cords (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks intensified in 1972. About 2.5 million acres of spruce-fir type were defoli- ated in MAINE, areas in MICHIGAN also were damaged. sprayed on 500,000 acres of spruce budworm infested forests in Maine with satisfactory control. and another 1.5 million acres in MINNESOTA. Sizable Mexacarbate was aerially Additional acreage will require treatment in 1973 to prevent significant losses. Balsam fir saplings and reproduction have been killed over a 10,000-acre area on the Superior National Forest, MINNESOTA, due to 3 to 5 years of defoliation. A BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) infestation continued in the 60,000 acres of Fraser fir type in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Suppression measures were carried out in high-use, high-value acreages on the Pisgah National Forest and Mount Mitchell State Park in NORTH CAROLINA. SAWFLIES defoliated several species of conifers in both the North and South. JACK PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti banksianae) defoliated about 30,000 acres of jack pine in upper MICHIGAN. EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) was found for the first time in WISCONSIN. MICHIGAN, ILLINOIS, OHIO, It was responsible for defoliation in and MISSOURI in 1972. A LOBLOLLY PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) caused damage in portions of MISSOURI and ILLINOIS. REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) defoliated over 3,000 acres of red pine in NEW YORK as well as some in VERMONT, MICHIGAN, and WISCONSIN. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) was epidemic throughout much of the East. The most extensive outbreaks occurred in the Southern States. About 415,000 acres were defoliated in LOUISIANA and another 30,000-50,000 acres of heavy defoliation occurred in the Tensaw and Mobile River Basins of ALABAMA. Smaller outbreaks occurred in FLORIDA, KENTUCKY, NORTH CAROLINA, and TEXAS. Forest tent caterpillar activity declined greatly in the Northeastern States in 1972. The largest outbreak reported was in PENNSYLVANIA where 22,000 acres were moderately defoliated. eNO hee A REDHUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista canicosta) caused defoliation on 600,000 acres of oak in MICHIGAN. This is the third consecutive year for this outbreak in some areas. A smaller outbreak in IOWA increased from 1,000 acres in 1971 to 5,000 acres in 1972. LARGE ASPEN TORTIX (Choristoneura conflictana) caused moderate to severe defoliation of aspen in the northern part of the Lake States and MAINE. The gross area affected in the Lake States is about 2 million acres. Although the outbreak is in its fourth year in some areas, no tree mortality has occurred. REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICE ADDRESSES U.S. FOREST SERVICE Region Region IL U.S. Forest Service 6 U.S. Forest Service Federal Building PO. Box 3623 Missoula, Montana 59801 Portland, Oregon 97208 2 U.S. Forest Service Federal Center, Building 85 10 U.S. Forest Service Denver, Colorado 80225 Federal Office Bldg. P.O. Box 1628 3 U.S. Forest Service Juneau, Alaska Federal Building 99801 517 Gold Avenue, S.W. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87101 Area 4 U.S. Forest Service NA Northeastern Area Federal Office Building U.S. Forest Service 324 - 25th Street 6816 Market Street Ogden, Utah 84401 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19082 5 U.S. Forest Service 630 Sansome Street SA Southeastern Area San Francisco, California 94111 U.S. Forest Service Suite 800 1720 Peachtree Road, N.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Sa LIT = Weather of the week continued from page 164. The blizzard raged across the Dakotas leaving 4 feet of new snow in the Black Hills. Rapid City, South Dakota, and Lander, Wyoming, had 14 inches of snow. Later Wednesday, the storm sub- sided but not before it picked up a large quantity of dust in western Texas and carried it to the shores of Lake Michigan. Wednesday visibility at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was 5 miles due to Texas dust that the storm brought. While fair skies graced much of the Nation Thursday, a cold front strung along the southern Appalachians generated heavy rains and thunderstorms throughout the lower Mississippi Valley eastward into the northern and central Atlantic States. Local heavy rains resulted in the lower Mississippi Valley of Tennessee. Early Friday, several tornadoes ripped through Alabama and Mississippi downing trees and power lines. The storm dumped torrential rains throughout northern Mississippi and Alabama and northward through Tennessee and Virginia. Significant rainfalls on Friday included: Greenwood, Mississippi, 6.46 inches; Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and Chattanooga, Tennessee, 4.49 inches. Flash floods occurred from Mississippi to Virginia. The storm's main fury moved over the Atlantic but rainfall continued along portions of the Atlantic coast to New York and New England. Another Low intensified early Saturday, moving northeast across southern Ohio toward Pennsylvania. Early Saturday, snow fell over southern Michigan and Indiana. By late Saturday, 15 inches had accumulated at Jackson, Michigan, and paralyzed much of Lower Michigan. The Low moved into Upstate New York causing high waves on Lakes Erie and Ontario. Sunday brought flooding to Tennessee at Chattanooga. The Low in New York brought snow there and to Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and western Maryland. Snow also fell in the West. Sunday evening, the Low moved northeast but left 4 inches of snow at Binghampton, New York,.3 inches at Wilmington, Vermont. TEMPERATURE: Temperatures averaged up to 15 degrees above normal in eastern and central parts of the Nation. West of the Rockies went from slightly below normal along the west coast to 9 degrees below average around Flagstaff, Arizona. Monday brought fair weather to much of the lower Mississippi Valley and was like spring over most of the east-central area. Temperatures were in the 80's as far north as Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Virginia. To the west, winter maintained its grip. Temperatures remained low in the West on Tuesday. In Colorado another cold front stretched through New Mexico south into Mexico. To the east, warmer weather prevailed. The east coast continued springlike as did the Midwest Tuesday and Wednesday. Wednesday, temperatures hit 87 degrees in Richmond, Virginia, and 71 degrees in Nebraska, Missouri, and southeast Texas. Thursday it reached Wisconsin and extended across Lake Huron. Meanwhile, record high temperatures occurred in New York and Ohio. As the Low moved into Canada Thursday and Friday, the cold front extended along the Appalachians and the middle Gulf States into Texas. Cold took over the east coast Friday and Saturday. Freeze warnings were issued in Georgia, northern Alabama, and western Pennsylvania. Cold continued in the West, with freezing temperatures over most of the Midwest. Saturday an intense Low pressure system encompassing the eastern third of the Nation ended early spring for the east coast. Temperatures registered in the high 30's and low 40's east of the Appalachians Sunday, but fell below freezing to the west. Further west, winter prevailed all week with a nationwide low of 10 degrees. - 178 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 37 9001 rsm1Aiz2 340 sTITUT [ON LIBR- POSTAGE AND FEES PAID VOL. 23 NO. 13 March 30, 1973 SB §25 G77 Ent. Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 March 30, 1973 Number 13 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ALFALFA WEEVIL activity increased in Rolling Plains of Texas, infestation heavy in south-central Oklahoma; populations lighter than expected in southern Illinois. EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL built up in alfalfa on west side of Salt River Valley in Arizona. (pp. 181-182). CITRUS RED MITE buildup heavy on citrus in southwest Arizona. reeds): For second consecutive week, no confirmed SCREWWORM cases reported in continental Us. (Cp. 184): Prediction FALL CANKERWORM expected to cause heavy defoliation of forest trees in Dolly Sods area of West Virginia this season. (p. 184). Detection New State records include CUBAN LAURAL THRIPS in New Mexico (p. 183) and two SOFT SCALES in Hawaii (p. 187). For new county records see page 186. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs (pp. 188-194). Contributors (pp. 194-195). Distribution of Cereal Leaf Beetle. Map. (p. 189). Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States Red Pumpkin Bug (Coridius janus (Fabricius)). (pp. 197-198). Some First Occurrences of the Season ARMY CUTWORM larvae in Kansas. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL in Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae in Wisconsin. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO adults in Kansas. WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM adults in Washington. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR larva in Idaho. Adults of several FRUITWORMS in Ohio. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR larvae in Kentucky. SPRING CANKERWORM female and male moths in Kansas. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 23 unless other- wise indicated. 179 CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Sion LeCaAnGe nc) eis euoecnetenetsy oocienele Bog sdk Insects Affecting Corn;; sorghum, Sugarcane... lel. sma Rau aic Sys oie aise oe eee 183 SMa Grass olsssne teu seveteccden ste L8T Ornamentals eens. aie 183 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..181 Forest and Shade Trees..... 184 Horace) WMeCuUuMeS ee sysmis ccc steers TS8is Mane and? (Ana maulisyrocesicocner mee 184 COMMS NCE ODS ieee wus reveneveusteueeoeauacens 183 Households and Structures..185 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..183 Calimesa Pores ode S60 OOS OOO SOF 183 Bene Prerad “MNSSCGUS Tare ciate oie oicenecetccedelie’ sesuc olor [elke lc) cas iemereder cue nemo Roe nee 185 Kederal and State Plant Protection Programs... 2.21.0 c. eee 185 DOTS SUMO Scie roves o wileiencera euserieile coucRerslic 2c) bie oiteder treyenelie Canoes sei e eae ee Renee .186 hight Tralp™ COWS CONS in vs.e cite, sci e 6 es acetelerel ates © ste ene aroma oT Reo ree ee 186 Hawa “bnNS Sil SREP OL FE rors ors, ove oie kel osece alec e ecerane tuo eoler akstoies Doe eee Fesegults3?/ Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1972 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs................0. 188 COME TEDUTON Sera io esis sis teue stele one ehenire Sel Suehs lec stare onetn chet etn nie ee 194 Distributvon of Cereal Leat Beetlew Map. 2... wee. ce ae ee 189 Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States Red Pumpkin Bug (Coridius janus (Fabricius) )...... oo2e cee 197 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 26 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Four inches of rain soaked the already wet soils of the lower Mississippi River Delta late last week and Sunday, March 25. The same storm dumped 2 to 4 inches in sections of Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Further north, Missouri recorded almost record amounts of rainfall for this time of year. Meanwhile, Flagstaff, Arizona, set a new snowfall record; 177 inches of snow so far this winter topping the old record of 167 inches in the winter of 1948-49. Nationwide, the first week of spring was moderate precipitation wise. Monday, three storms highlighted the last day of winter. One Low, northeast of Maine, caused 6 foot waves in Lake Ontario and spread clouds over the East. A second Low spread rain and thunderstorms over much of the middle Mississippi River Valley and the Plains. A third dumped rain from central California through western Washington. Spring began on a rainy Tuesday. A Low moving from Oklahoma to Tennessee brought over 2 inches of rain to the Mississippi River Valley, thunderstorms to the gulf coast, saturated soils, and flooded rivers to northern Georgia. Mobile, Alabama, reported 1.42 inches of rain. Over the Rockies and the Plains, high pressures maintained fair skies. Wednesday, a Low brought rain and snow to the West. The Nation's midsection enjoyed a fair Canadian High. A rainy Low passed through the Carolinas into the Atlantic. Thursday, a large complex storm covered the West. Winds gusted to 45 m.p.h. over the western Great Plains. Ogden, Utah, accumulated 13 inches of snow. Friday,’a storm gave Flagstaff, Arizona, 12 inches of new snow. A cold front scattered showers and thunderstorms over the northern Plains and the Mississippi Valley. Weather of the week continued on page 196. - 180 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - KANSAS - Larvae ranged 0-2 per drill row foot in wheat in Finney County for first report of season. (Bell). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Light, O-6 per linear foot on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. Heavy populations appeared on barley near Cotton City, Hidalgo County, week ending March 16. Built up in few small grain fields in Curry and Roosevelt Counties week ending March 23. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Populations very light in most small grain fields in Rolling Plains area. Ranged 5-12 per row foot in Knox, Archer, Haskell, Throckmorton, Wilbarger, and Foard Counties. Spiders, nabids, and green lacewing larvae important in keeping pest populations in check. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Very light (4-5 per linear foot) in wheat in Washita and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Wingless forms averaged 0.6 per row foot in field of 6-inch wheat in Cherokee County. None found in two other fields nor in Labette, Montgomery and Finney Counties. (Bell). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Over- wintering survival survey completed. Of 4 main areas surveyed Survival low in west district, 52 percent. Average "normal" range is 70-90 percent. Survival in northeast, east, and southwest districts averaged 79, 89, and 82 percent, respectively. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Pupation expected to start within next 21 days; none to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SMALL GRAINS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Activity continued to decrease throughout Rolling Plains area. Populations ranged 1-3 per row foot in Haskell, Throckmorton, Archer, and Foard Counties. Light populations present in most fields in Archer and Young Counties. (Boring). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Eriophyes cynodoniensis) - FLORIDA - All stages heavy and severely damaged Bermuda grass in isolated spots in Pompano Beach area, Palm Beach County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Activity increased in Rolling Plains area past 2 weeks. March 9 survey showed Wilbarger, Foard, and Hardeman Counties with 1-10 percent of terminals infested in most fields with 12-20 percent damage in occasional fields. Wilbarger and Foard Counties averaged 30 percent terminal damage with up to 70 percent in some fields March 23. Controls applied. Larvae collected in Harris and Austin Counties March 4-16. Determined by E.E. Latham. Hardeman, Harris, and Austin are new county records. (Boring, Green, Latham). OKLAHOMA - Terminal infestations averaged 12 and 20 percent in 2 fields in Mayes County. Infestation heavy in south-central counties. Moderate (31 larvae per square foot) in McCurtain County. Light (4-5 larvae per square foot), scattered, and spotted in Lincoln, Garfield, Jackson, Muskogee, and Wagoner Counties. Terminal damage ranged - 181 - 10-40 percent in Washita and Beckham Counties. Adults moderate in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - H. postica present in alfalfa in all areas. Larvae first detected March 8 in Miller County, March 22 in Washington County. First adults in east-central area detected March 13, first larvae March 16. Treat- ments underway in Chicot County. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum samples indicate 4,360 adults and 47,500 larvae per acre of alfalfa in Bolivar County. Light damage evident. (Schuster). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 0-5 (average 2.1) per 10 stems and adults 0-6 (average 2.7) per 10 sweeps in southwest area. (Munson). ILLINOIS - Populations in southern area alfalfa slightly lower than expected. Heaviest infested field (Hardin County) showed 20 percent tip feeding and 4 larvae per 100 stems. Alfalfa height ranged 5-8 inches. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Average number of H. postica larvae per 100 stems by county as follows: Daviess 48, Dubois 45, Harrison 15, Washing- ton 9. First-instar larvae still slightly predominant. (Meyer). KENTUCKY - Alfalfa ranged 6-8 inches in height with 45 percent of tips infested in Simpson County. Larvae averaged 1.4 per tip. In Warren County, 35 percent of tips infested with larvae averaging 1.3 per infested tip. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Larvae continued to damage alfalfa in Knox County field. No damage seen on other fields checked in county. (Bennett). NORTH CAROLINA - Larval threshold levels noted in scattered alfalfa throughout Piedmont area second week of March. Current cold weather caused larvae to retreat to litter, but light mortality expected. Where warrented, controls should be applied about April 1. (Kimbrough). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Populations built up in alfalfa on west side of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. Ranged 200-500 larvae per 100 sweeps at Dome Valley. “vumasCounty. (Ariz. Coop... Sur.):. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - KANSAS - Larvae averaged 1 per square foot in alfalfa field in Montgomery County, zero and 1.3 per square foot, respectively, in two fields in Elk County. Adults averaged 0.3 per square foot in Elk County field. (Bell). MISSOURI - Very light in southwest area; ranged 0-4 (average less than 1) larvae per square foot. (Munson). ILLINOIS - First and second-instar larvae averaged one per 10 sweeps in 3-inch alfalfa in Adams County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Few first-instar larvae observed in alfalfa in Grant County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - WISCONSIN - Few first-instar larvae observed in Grant County alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Suni CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidulus) - KANSAS - Adults active in alfalfa in Elk and Montgomery Counties. (Bell). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 30-40 per terminal in Beckham County, averaged 10 per terminal in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations ranged 50-200 per square foot in several alfalfa fields in Wilbarger County. (Boring). ARKANSAS - Active in alfalfa in all areas; ranged 700- 800 per 100 sweeps March 22. (Boyer). WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - WASHINGTON - First adults of season trapped March 14 in central and northeast areas. (Halfhill). - 182 - ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO —- Late-instar larva and chrysalis found in 15-acre alfalfa seed fields at Weiser, Washington County, March 16. (Bolz). COLE CROPS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected on cabbage November 4, 1972, near Wagram, Scotland County, by D.L. Stephan and near Weeksville, Pasquotank County, on September 20, 1972, by K.A. Sorensen. Both determined by D.L. Stephan. These are new county records. (Hunt). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Largest overwintered populations of adults noted since 1965 (no previous records) in Chelan, Douglas,and Okanogan Counties; up to 1,800 per 25 trap sample. (Burts). FRUITWORMS - OHIO - Adults taken in blacklight trap at Wooster County, March 8-15; Orthosia hibisci 16, Lithophane laticinerea 1, L. unimoda 1. (Rings). CITRUS CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy and rapid buildup in progress on citrus with treatments underway at Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy on new flush of growth and in blooms at Yuma Mesa, Yuma County; prebloom treatments underway. Salt River Valley citrus groves should be watched during next few weeks. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SMALL FRUITS A LEAFHOPPER (Scaphytopius magdalensis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected on cultivated blueberries near Charity, Duplin County, on July 27, 1972, by T.N. Hunt. Determined by D.A. Young. Taken on same host August 15, 1972, near White Lake, Balden County. Collected and determined by T.N. Hunt. These are new county records. (Hunt). ORNAMENTALS OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - OREGON - Heavy on Pachysandra sp. in Salem, Marion County, many parasitized. Occurrence on ornamentals, particularly in heavy numbers, uncommon in State. This is first record on this host in State. (Long, Westcott). AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) - ALABAMA - Infestations problem on 1,000+ palm plants in containers at nursery in Mobile County. (Lockhart). CUBAN LAURAL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate on Ficus nitida at wholesale florist in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. Collected January 12, 1973, by D.C. Heninger. Determined by K. O'Neill. This is a new State record. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). - 183 - FOREST AND SHADE TREES EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) -— NORTH CAROLINA - First larvae and tents of season observed in Winston- Salem, Forsyth County, March 15 and at Raleigh, Wake County, March 19. Hatch above 2,000 feet usually 2-3 weeks later than in Piedmont. (Bowers, Hunt). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae present thoughout State; continued to increase in southern counties. First larvae of season found in Clay, Benton, Grenada, Lafayette, Montgomery, Pontotoc, and Webster Counties feeding on wild hosts; few webs on peach and pear trees around houses. (Robinson). TENNESSEE - Egg hatch occurred with large populations present in central area during week ending March 16. (Jennings). ARKANSAS - Eggs hatched in northern areas week of March 11; second and third-instar larvae observed same period in southern part of State. (Boyer). KANSAS - Most eggs hatched on black cherry in Cherokee County with up to 8 small webs per tree. Little foliage available for food at present. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Larvae on plum trees as far north as Mayes County by March 18. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - KENTUCKY - Egg hatch 50 percent in McLean County; should continue next 7 days. (Barnett, Nordin). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Caused about 1,900 acres of moderate to heavy defoliation in Dolly Sods area of Grant County during 1972. Egg sampling survey based on Fall Cankerworm Sequential Plan conducted during February showed about 2,000 acres will be heavily defoliated in 1973. Defolation predicted to be concentrated in north-south direction along eastern front of Dolly Sods area. (Miller). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - KANSAS - Females active in Butler County; males in flight past 14 days in Barton County; males still flying to lights in Riley County. (Bell). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - For second consecutive week (March 11-17) no confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. Total of 120 confirmed cases reported from Mexico; more than twice number reported previous period. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 68,456,000, all in Texas. Total of 150,091,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 20-30 per head on cattle in Oktibbeha and Monroe Counties due to cool weather. First of season in Grenada and Lafayette Counties, up to 30 per animal seen on pastured beef stock. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-20 per animal in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged less than 2 per head on pastured beef animals in Chickasaw County. First of season in Monroe County ranged 1-2 on 6 of 50 pastured beef cattle. (Robinson). - 184 - CATTLE LICE - TEXAS - Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse) and Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) heavy on cattle in several Rolling Plains counties during week ending March 16. Light to moderate infestations continued in Wilbarger County. Controls being applied. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Infestations, mainly H. eurysternus remain scattered and heavy in Mayes County. Heavy in Comanche and Craig Counties, moderate in Lincoln County. (Olea. Coop. “Sur... GULF COAST TICK (Amblyomma maculatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 3-8 per ear on 3 calves in Chouteau area, Mayes County. Light, 2-5 per head on 3 of 60 cows checked at sales barn in Mayes County. Mostly males with some unengorged females found. (Okla. Coop. SUe:. )) « LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per animal on 2 dogs in Locust Grove area, Mayes County. (Okla. Coopee sur) BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Caused much concern in homes in north-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MARYLAND - Swarms reported throughout State. Season peak expected within 14 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Swarming observed in school building in Blount County. First report of season. (Conway). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum samples indicate heavy popula- - tions of Coleomegilla maculata in Bolivar County alfalfa; estimated 27,500 adults per acre. Probably feeding on heavy population of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid). C. maculata first- generation eggs noted. (Schuster). ARIZONA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) very heavy in plum, apricot, and peach trees at Queen Creek, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS BLACK IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis richteri) - ALABAMA - Winged mating forms emerged from about 30 percent of mounds in Clay County area; flights heavy. (Barker). GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Collected Ageneotettix deorum in Big Creek Canyon at 6,700 feet, Lander County, August 25, 1972; Cratypedes neglectus neglectus taken 16 miles southeast of Yerrington, Lyon County, August 2, 1972; Trachyrhachys kiowa kiowa taken at Red Rock, Washoe County, August 10, 1972; Trimerotropis gracilis gracilis taken in Big Creek Canyon at 6,700 feet, Lander County, August 25, 1972, and in Mineral County September 2, 1972; T. latifasciata taken at Panaca, Lincoln County, August 23, 1972, and at Major's Place, White Pine County, August 24, 1972. All collected by G.M. Nishida. T. latifasciata collected at Diana's Punch Bowl, Nye County, September 7, 1972, by R.C. Bechtel and G.M. Nishida. These are all new county records. (Bechtel). - 185 - WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Total of 125 infested properties found near Carlsbad, San Diego County. Control operations now in progress. Survey moving into Oceanside area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION New State-Records -— CUBAN LAURAL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) - NEW MEXICO -— Bernalillo County (p. 183). SOFT SCALES - HAWAII - Saissetia neglecta on Oahu and Hawaii Islands, S. oleae on Hawaii Island (p. 187). New County Records - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) NORTH CAROLINA -— Scotland, Pasquotank (p. 183). GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum Lander, Cratypedes n. neglectus Lyon; Trachyrhachys k. kiowa Washoe; Trimerotropis g. gracilis Lander and Mineral; T. latifasciata Lincoln, White Pine, and Nye (p. 185). A LEAFHOPPER (Scaphytopius magdalensis) NORTH CAROLINA - Duplin, Baldin (p. 183)% LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/16-22, BL, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) 2, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) 9, YELLOW- STRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 1. KENTUCKY - Lexington, 3/16-23, BL, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) l, yellowstriped armyworm 1. TEXAS - Waco, 3/9-15, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 38, BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm 1, BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) 5, granulate cutworm 9, variegated cutworm 48, yellowstriped armyworm 29; 3/16-21, BL, armyworm 25, black cutworm 2, granulate cutworm 1, variegated cutworm 80, yellowstriped armyworm 7. - 186 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Records - BLACK SCALES (Saissetia spp.) - In a 1971 paper, G. DeLotto (Bull. Entomol. Res. 61(2):325-326) pointed out that the "black scale" of North and Central America is a complex of three species - S. miranda (Cockerell and Parrott), S. neglecta DeLotto, and S. oleae (Olivier). These three species all posses the characteristic raised dorsal "H" mark formerly thought to be diagnostic of S. oleae (black scale). Re-examination of slide-mounted specimens of Hawaiian S. oleae material by J.W. Beardsley, using DeLotto's paper, revealed S. miranda and S. neglecta, as well as S. oleae, occur in the State. Based on specimens examined by J.W. Beardsley and S. Nakahara, distribution and host records for these species in Hawaii are as follows: S. miranda - Oahu and Molokai Islands on Erythrina sp., E. sandwicensis, Agave sisalana, Amaranthus spinosus, Crotalaria sp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Diospyros ferrea, Nerium sp., and Schinus terebinthifolius lius. S. neglecta - Oahu and Hawaii Islands on Stephanotis floribunda, "orchid," and "tree fern." S. oleae - Hawaii Island on Vaccinium sp. and Dodonaea sp. S. miranda and S. neglecta are new State records. (Beardsley). Fruits and Nuts - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) heavy on Several virus-infected papaya trees at Pahala, Hawaii. Infected trees being destroyed to prevent spread of disease. (Yoshioka). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus cervinus) caused heavy foliar damage to 25+ backyard citrus trees at Olinda, Maui. (Miyahira). Man and Animals - Mosquito collections during February from 58 Tight traps on Oahu totaled 214 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 7,094 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches ranged 0-105 at Sunset Beach, Culex catches ranged 0-4,872 at Waipahu. (Mosq. Control Br., State Dept. Health), Beneficial Insects - LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) moderate to heavy on 1,000+ acres of lantana at Hana and Ulupalakua, Maui. Defoliation ranged up to 50 percent at Hana. LANTANA HISPID (Uroplata girardi) moderate in same host situation at both areas. (Miyahira). Field examination of Malastoma malabathricum at various locales on Hawaii showed 36 and 61 per- cent infestation of terminals and fruits, respectively, by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella). (Yoshioka). Miscellaneous Pests - Due to abnormally dry conditions during February no GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity observed in infested areas on Hawaii and Kauai. Preparations progressing for air drop of bait at Poipu, Kauai. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). 187 SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1972 (Continued from page 177) FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS e Due to 3 years of negative surveys regulations for BROWNTAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhaea) will be amended to remove New Hampshire from the list of States quarantined for this pest. BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) detection surveys con- ducted on 12,129 acres in FLORIDA, mainly at the request of grove owners, revealed initial infestations on 246 acres. A total of 109,883 root samples were processed at the laboratory at Winter Haven. State personnel pushed and treated 383 acres of citrus, and established 32,463 linear feet of barriers. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) was found for the first time in MISSOURI and TENNESSEE during May. During spring surveys ending June 30, this leaf beetle had been detected in 7 Tennessee Counties and in 3 Missouri Counties. These counties border infestations in Kentucky and Illinois. The find in St. Charles County, Missouri, is the first known infestation west of the Mississippi River. Cereal leaf beetle is generally but lightly distributed in all but 14 of the 102 counts in ILLINOIS. Minor extensions of infested areas were detected in INDIANA, KENTUCKY, MARYLAND, MICHIGAN (one county in the Upper Peninsula), NEW YORK, TENNESSEE, VIRGINIA, and WEST VIRGINIA. Release of parasites to suppress cereal leaf beetle populations continued during the year. In an attempt to increase parasite production, 13 new field insectaries were established and seeded with larval parasites of this leaf beetle. This brought the total to 17. Attempts to produce large numbers of these parasites in the laboratory were unsuccessful. Of five species of parasites released in recent years four are now established. These include a MYMARID WASP (Anaphes flavipes), an egg parasite of cereal leaf beetle, and 3 larval parasites--a EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) and 2 ICHNEUMONID WASPS (Diaparsis carinifer and Lemophagus curtus). In 1972, A. flavipes was released at 112 sites in 52 counties over an 8-State area. In this same general area, the larval parasites were released as follows: T. julis at 62 sites in, 43 counties, D..carinifer .at.12) sites .in\.02 counties uand a curtus at 4 sites in Sycounties: oF Eradication treatments against CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus. woglumi) have been underway in the lower Rio Grand Valley area of TEXAS and in Tamaulipas, Mexico, since April 1971. In September 1972, infestations were found near Los Fresnos in Cameron County, Texas, and in October throughout the city of Mission in Hidalgo County. Trees on infested and adjacent properties were treated. An intensive biometric survey was initiated in southern Texas and border areas of Mexico in November to detect any new citrus black- fly infestations that may have existed. A new infestation was found November 30 on one leaf of a sour lime tree in a dooryard planting at San Benito in Cameron County, Texas. A second tree, with 80 :nfested leaves, was found in San Benito December 8, about 0.8 mile southeast of the original infestation. All life stages were present. Control measures were immediately initiated on the 9 city blocks surrounding each find. Infestations were detected in Harlingen, Cameron County, Texas, and in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Delimiting surveys are still in progress. : - 188 - ELET ‘681: (EL) &% *qdy ‘sur ‘uoog ‘doo *a3y *3dedq “s‘*n ZLOL ‘TE Laqueseq yasn ‘ao0tAteg uotzyoedsul yyTeeH JUeTd pue TeUTuy suevis0ig euT}UeAIeNy pue uoT09z,0Ig JUPTd JyeIS yatoddng [votuyoey, pue AsAIng 4Sed Aq paaedaitg DI ajsaog ee ipsa sndoun ,aw ybay jpaiay 40° DuUajno uolngiysig 189 EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) continued to infest some pasture and lawn areas near Blaine in Whatcom County, WASHINGTON, during 1972. An adult male taken at a golf course near Renton, King County, September 7 was a new county record and constitutes the southernmost collection of this pest in the State. GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) infestations were detected at two locations in the greater Miami area of Dade County, FLORIDA, as a result of an intensive survey and publicity program. Surveys have been negative in 4 of the 8 areas found infested in the Miami area since the beginning of the program in September 1969. Surveys have been negative for 16 months at the site of the original infestation. The number of properties being treated has decreased from 759 to 81. GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) was found in 22 potato fields totaling 935 acres on Long Island, NEW YORK. Soil fumigant was applied to 932 acres at the rate of 20 gallons per acre. Post- fumigation sampling revealed viable cysts in 11 fields. Portions of 10 of these fields were retreated. Damage by GRASS BUGS of native and introduced grasses in UTAH ranged from occasional feeding spots to complete destruction of leaves. Infestations were variable on most range areas from 4,000 to 10,000 feet elevation, although no damage was reported ina few northern areas of the State. Labops spp. and Irbisia spp. damaged several thousand acres of planted grass ranges over much of Utah. Labops hirtus caused extensive damage to wet meadow grass and sedges. Stenodema spp. and Leptopterna spp. caused much spotting of planted grasses and small grains in agricultural Valley areas of Utah. Irbisia brachycera caused heavy damage to a large acreage of crested wheatgrass in White Pine County, NEVADA, and severely CEE: bluegrass lawns in southern Washoe County in May. Adult GRASSHOPPER surveys made in the fall of 1971 indicated heavy infestations could occur in 1972. The infested rangeland areas totaled approximately 11 million acres in 15 Western and Mid- western States where economic populations of 8 or more grasshoppers per square yard were found. Delimiting surveys conducted in the spring of 1972 revealed that extensive acreages could require control. A total of approximately 2,205,000 acres of rangeland was treated in 7 Western States in calendar year 1972, IDAHO and OREGON accounted for approximately 2 million acres. Control was generally good. Melanoplus sanquinipes, M. bivittatus, Oedaleonotus enigma, Camnula pellucida, and several other species were severe pests of gardens during the late spring, summer, and early fall throughout central and eastern WASHINGTON. Surveys showed 1,044,780 acres of rangeland heavily infested throughout 16 central and eastern counties. Due to heavy populations and a very mild fall in 1972, populations may reach high levels in 1973. Egg hatch began in eastern OREGON in mid-May and economic populations were present in parts of Grant, Baker, and Malheur Counties by late May. By mid-June economic numbers had been found on 2.7 million acres. The fall adult survey revealed economic Poput atten on more than 2 million acres. - 190 - Populations were generally below economic levels in NEVADA except in areas of Elko, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, and Washoe Counties. In these areas populations were comprised mostly of Melanoplus bivittatus and M. sanguinipes on cropland and Aulocara elliotti, Oedaleonotus enigma, and M. sanguinipes on rangeland. Infestations were up Sharply from 1970 and I97I Ievels. Cropland infestations averaged up to 70 grasshoppers per square yard. Chemical controls were applied to 61,705 acres of cropland and 16,600 acres of rangeland. The 1972 adult grasshopper survey indicated potential infestations on 8,300 acres of rangeland and 750 acres of crop- land. First hatch was observed in Adams County, IDAHO, on April 30. Cool, dry, spring weather throughout the State set back general egg hatch and reduced host plant growth but by the end of June populations ranging up to 200 per square yard developed. Over 1,200,000 acres were treated this year. The 1972 fall surveys indicate that over 2 million acres will require control treatments in 1973. The infested areas extend throughout the Snake River plains. Populations and damage were below average in UTAH with only spotty range injury in several counties. Fall adult surveys indicated 213,760 acres of rangeland economically infested in WYOMING. Egg hatch started in mid-May in most areas of NORTH DAKOTA, about 14 days later than in 1971. First damage occurred to sunflowers, sugar beets, and small grains during late May in Pembina County. Heavy infestations occurred in untilled stubble fields in Bottineau and McHenry Counties with up to 50 grasshoppers per square yard. Economic populations developed on about 139,000 acres of cropland in parts of Williams, McHenry, Morton, Grant, Emmons, Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties. About 16,000 acres of rangeland had economic infestations in Richland and Ransom Counties. The dominant cropland species were Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, and M. femurrubrum, and the principal rangeland Species was M. sanguinipes. Infestations are expected to increase again over much of the State next season. Grasshoppers were non- economic in most parts of NEBRASKA, but some locally intense concentrations were observed. Nymphs ranged up to 25 per square yard in field margins and roadside ditches in eastern counties in June and July. By August 3 from 40 to 50 grasshoppers per square yard were observed on alfalfa in several central counties, but lush growth stimulated by above average rainfall, held them in ditches and waste areas surrounding most fields. Some damage to field margins of row crops was reported in Dodge, Burt, and Thurston Counties by August 29. Statewide annual fall grasshopper surveys indicated infestations were heaviest along the North Platte River Valley from Hershey, Keith County, west to Oshkosh, Garden County, and in southern Dundy County. No widespread problems are anticipated in 1973. Grasshoppers caused economic damage on 200,000 acres of rangeland in southern Meade and southeast Seward Counties, KANSAS, during late June. Agenotettix deorum, Aulocara ellioti, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, and Dissosteira longipennis were the dominant species. Localized economic infestations involving 150,000 acres were found in Commanche, Barber, Kiowa, and Edwards Counties. Egg hatch began in the south-central and southwest areas of OKLAHOMA in mid-March and in the Panhandle in mid-April. Heavy numbers were present in most areas by mid-May. Fall surveys showed 1,485, 000 acres of rangeland in 31 counties were economically infested. Dominant species were Drepanopterna femoratum, Ageneotettix deorum, Aulocara elliotti, and Melanoplus occidentalis. - 191 - An expanded GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) detection survey was used in noninfested areas. Disparlure baited traps were placed in biometrically designed grid arrays in 17 States. This was supplemented by selected trapping at suspect introduction sites in 34 States. About 120,000 traps were involved in this effort. Male moths were caught for the first time in 55 counties in NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, OHIO, MICHIGAN, and IOWA. Established infestations were found in Isabella County, MICHIGAN, and Lorain County, OHIO. Treatments for IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis spp.) were continued in those areas where these vests are troublesome and where there is State and/or local financial interest in a cooperative control program. During calendar year 1972, 18,688,000 acres were treated in 8 of the 9 infested States. Six new counties came under the JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) regulated area in ALABAMA, one county and the City of St. Louis in MISSOURI, and 6 counties in GEORGIA. A single gravid female MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) was trapped in Sarasota County, FLORIDA, February 23, 1972, and an intensified trapping program was placed into effect immediately. Trapping continued long enough to span 3 life cycles but no additional specimens were collected. Since October 10, six native females and 3 native males have been trapped in southwest CALIFORNIA in 5 different areas between National City and La Jolla. Fifty additional traps were set around each of the areas where native flies had been trapped. One female and one male were trapped in San Diego November 27. Fruit cutting was conducted through the area, but no larvae were detected. To protect California from infestation, approximately 700,000 sterile flies per week are released between May and November each year in the Tijuana, Baja California, MEXICO, area to mate with any native Mexican fruit flies that cross the regulatory barriers. In TEXAS, Jim Hogg and Zapata Counties were added to the regulated areas. A single male ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) was taken in a trap in Tustin, Orange County, CALIFORNIA, October 10, 1972. The fly was estimated to be 3 to 7 days old. The last oriental fruit fly found in California was trapped in Santa Barbara June l, 1972. An attractant and insecticidal baiting program was con- ducted at Santa Barbara, California, during the period July 10 to August 8, following the trapping of a single male fly June l. The area covered by this program was 9 square miles. Four applica- tions of bait were applied at weekly intervals. With the initial catch site as the center, 340 traps were placed in an 81-square mile trapping area. The traps were placed 2 weeks before the baiting began and were operated for 3 months. Other than the original catch, no additional flies were found. Large-scale testing of the sterile moth technique for eradication or control of PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) in the San Joaquin Valley of CALIFORNIA continued promising. In June 1972, about 44,000 traps was placed in the cotton-growing area ‘at the rate of one trap per 20 acres of cotton. As of November 10, 1972, when the sterile releases were completed, 31 native moths had been trapped in Kern County and 5 in Tulare County. Limited - 192 - boll examinations were made at 3 of the most highly suspect sites. No larvae were found. The numbers of moths and locations exceeded previous seasonal totals. This was expected with the increased trap density and uniformity of placement throughout the valley. Sterile Moth production was increased to 1,250,000 moths per day. This resulted in the release of about 100 million sterile moths in the San Joaquin Valley in 1972. The sterile insect technique was substituted for the destruction of wild cotton in FLORIDA to prevent spread of pink bollworm to the Southeastern States. Releases of sterile moths began November 13 in Everglades National Park and the Florida Keys. A total of 2,400,000 moths were dropped each week. A trapping survey has been initiated in the wild cotton areas to monitor the effectiveness of the program. RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) infested about one million acres of rangeland in Union, Harding, Colfax, Chaves, and Lincoln Counties, NEW MEXICO. During 1972, only 51 new properties were found to be infested with SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines); however, one of these properties was a new State record for ALABAMA, WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) larval damage to citrus trees in the Apopka area of Orange County, FLORIDA, was on the decline during 1972. Only 20 trees required removal. This compares with about 1,600 trees which showed serious decline symptoms or mortality during the first three years of the program. However, there was some spread of the infestation. In the Apopka area, 49 properties, totaling 404 acres were found infested for the first time during the period January 1 through October 25. Also, three dooryard properties were found infested. Of the properties found infested, 5 totaling 61 acres were outside of the regulated area. There are now 14,600 acres within the regulated area of which 6,196 acres are in citrus production. Adult West Indian sugarcane root borers have been detected in 238 groves comprising 2,146 acres since the beginning of the program. Surveys in 1972 were conducted within and outside the regulated area on a total of 18,614 acres. Adults were found on 1,466 acres. Adults were found on nine species of plants during the September survey conducted on alternate hosts. These were hackberry, laurel oak, live oak, pignut hickory, Hercules club, winged sumac, blackberry, gallberry, and wax myrtle. These plants ranged up to 0.3 mile from infested citrus groves. There is no way to check the tops of some of the taller trees such as oak and hackberry. It is felt that since the adults prefer to feed in the tops of citrus trees, this may also be true with other hosts. WHITEFRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus spp.) infestations have now been recorded in all 67 counties in ALABAMA. Estimated damage by these pests in 1972 to selected crops are as follows: Cotton $100,000, peanuts $300,000, corn $352,000, soybeans $180,000, home and commercial vegetables $210,000. Cost of insecticides and application is estimated at $280,000 or a total loss estimated at $1,422,000 for 1972. First damage of the year was reported in a large greenhouse in Houston County February 4 where larvae damaged - 193 - root systems of tomato plants. Whitefringed beetles were collected for first time in Pierce County, GEORGIA; McCracken County, KENTUCKY; Vernon, Winn, Red River, and Natchitoches Parishes, LOUISIANA; Barnwell County, SOUTH CAROLINA; and Hardin County, TEXAS during 1972. The following quarantines were revoked during the past year: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) July 2; EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) July 30; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) September 30, and EUROPEAN CRANEFLY (Tipula paludosa) December 7, 1972. CONTRIBUTORS ALABAMA MARYLAND H.F. McQueen J.L. Hellman ARIZONA MASSACHUSETTS J.E. May G.L. Jensen ARKANSAS MICHIGAN W.P. Boyer R.J. Sauer et al. CALIFORNIA MINNESOTA R.M. Hawthorne J.E. Sandve COLORADO MISSISSIPPI W.M. Hantsbarger J. Robinson DELAWARE MISSOURI P.P. Burbutis R.E. Munson FLORIDA MONTANA F.W. Mead CR Prakue HAWAII NEBRASKA K.F. Kawamura D.L. Keith IDAHO NEVADA R.W. Portman R.C. Bechtel ILLINOIS NEW HAMPSHIRE T. Cooley R.L. Blickle INDIANA NEW MEXICO R.W. Meyer G.L. Nielsen IOWA NORTH CAROLINA J.R. DeWitt ONS Humkte KANSAS NORTH DAKOTA K.O. Bell W.J. Brandvik KENTUCKY OHIO D.E. Barnett R.W. Rings P.R. Fox MAINE Ae Gael: - 194 - CONTRIBUTORS (Cont. ) OKLAHOMA UTAH D.C. Arnold G.F. Knowlton OREGON VERMONT R. Penrose P.R. Benedict PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA K.C. Kim W.A. Allen et al. RHODE ISLAND WASHINGTON G. Field R.F. Harwood SOUTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA V.H. McCaskill J.D. Hacker SOUTH DAKOTA WISCONSIN P.A. Jones M.S. Conrad TENNESSEE WYOMING C.D. Gordon W.H. Patch TEXAS L.R. Green - 195 - Weather of the week continued from page 180. Pushing into the warm moist air over the southern Plains, it unleased heavy rains and tornadoes. Golf-ball sized hail struck Galveston, Texas, which also received nearly 2.50 inches of rain in an hour and 3 inches in 24 hours. The upper Coastal Plain of Texas received rainfall ranging from 1.25 to 3.25 inches. Saturday, tornadoes struck northwest and southeast Texas. North- ward, Dodge City, Kansas received 2.05 inches of rain. A contrast to the springlike weather graced the Nation's eastern and western thirds. Sunday, torrential rains spread from Texas into the Deep South. Excessive rainfall aggravated the existing flood conditions there. Mobile, Alabama, reported 2.53 inches rain. A storm moved into the middle Mississippi River Valley where it weakened and calmed somewhat. TEMPERATURE: Warmer temperatures than average prevailed over the Midwest and central United States last week while in the northern Great Plains, temperatures averaged as much as 15 degrees above normal. Most of the east-coast temperatures averaged lower than the seasonal normal with daily highs in the 40's and 50's. The west coast also stayed on the cooler side with daily highs mainly in the 40's and 50's. A mild Monday started the week. Temperatures remained below freezing at midday in only a few areas and shot into the 70's along the gulf coast. Tuesday morning, temperatures dropped below freezing over much of the northern Midwest, the Plains, and the Mountain States. However, a cold front extending out of the Low in Nevada made it a colder day than Monday in much of the Nation's center. Wednesday morning saw the mercury dip below 32 degrees across the northern half of the Nation from southern Pennsylvania through the Corn Belt and Plains into Nevada and eastern California and Oregon. The northeast stayed fairly cold throughout the day. The national low at Bradford, Pennsylvania, was 10 degrees while it averaged warmer in the West. Thursday morning much of the western Corn Belt parts of the Plains saw their last freezing temperatures for the week. Friday through Sunday, many locations recorded daily lows in the mid and high 30's and low 40's. Winter reigned in New England and Upstate New York. Temperatures there generally fell below freezing every night through Sunday. The mid-Atlantic region had lows in the 30's and 40's and highs in the 50's and 60's. Late in the week, temperatures in the western Plains and Rockies dropped to the 20's and 30's and peaked in the 40's and 50's. = 196; = INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES RED PUMPKIN BUG (Coridius janus (Fabricius) ) Economic Importance - This pentatomid has caused severe damage to pumpkins in India, pumpkins and gourds in Burma, and is a major pest of several cucurbits in West Pakistan. It also attacks egg- plant, melon, and beans. The nymphs and adults are gregarious and often become so numerous as to almost cover the host plant. A heavily infested plant wilts and may die due to the large amount of sap sucked from the stem and leafstalks by both nymphs and adults. Distribution - Burma, India, Ceylon, and West Pakistan. General Distribution of Red Pumpkin Bug Hosts - Principally a pest of cucurbits including pumpkin, gourd, melon, and cucumber. It has also been recorded on eggplant and beans. Life History and Habits - These bugs overwinter as adults, emerg- ing around mid-May. Mating takes place only once a year, this occuring during the rainy season, July to September. Oviposition begins 3-4 days after mating, with each female capable of pro- ducing up to 100 eggs. The eggs are laid in strings of 18-20 on the ventral surface of the leaves of the host plant. The ventral side of the leaves are rough and hairy which probably aids in keeping the eggs from falling to the ground. The average incuba- tion period is 5-6 days. There are 5 nymphal instars which require a total of 23-29 days to mature. The adults do not fly extensively and congregate on the host with the nymphs. Both stages suck the sap from the plant causing it to wilt and die. Hemiptera: Pentatomidae No. 194 of Series = IY = Description - The eggs are barrel-shaped, 1.78 mm long, with fine, Spiny, surface projections. First instar nymphs are almost oval, 1.8-2.0 mm in length and deep red in color. There is an increase in size with each molt, the fifth instar nymph reaching 11.5-15 mm. The adults average 20.0-22.2 mm in length, the females being slightly larger. The thorax and abdomen are orange-red with the eyes and head black. The basal portions of the hemelytra are yellow and the membranes black. The head is broader than long and the antennae are 5 segmented. The pronotum has a transverse black band near the anterior margin. (Prepared in Pest Survey and Technical Support in cooperation with other agencies). CEIR 23:13) 197-198 19 7s:. Adult of Coridius janus Major references: Gentry, J.W. 1965. Crop insects of Northeast Africa-Southwest Asia. U.S.D.A. Agr. Handbook No. 273. p. 147. Rastogi, S.C. and Krishna Kumari, 1962. Observations on the life- history of the red pumpkin bug, Coridius janus (F.). Heteroptera: Dinidorinae. Zool. Pol. 12(1):69. - 198 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OCOL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 SA 28 Ore Ext Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VOL. 23 WA 14 April 6, 19.5 ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should: be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 Ayowestil (5 INS) Number 14 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions Conditions for BEET LEAFHOPPER reproduction appear favorable in breeding areas in California. (p. 201). HESSIAN FLY flaxseeds heavy in volunteer wheat in western areas of Kansas. (p. 201). ALFALFA WEEVIL larval and adult activity increased in southern Illinois alfalfa; infestation above economic level in areas of Virginia. PEA APHID heavy on legumes in southeastern New Mexico. (pp. 201-202). GREEN PEACH APHID overwintering eggs on peach heavier than in 1972 on Western Slope of Colorado. (p. 202). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE moderate to heavy with outbreaks expanding in already affected areas of the South. (p. 203). Detection New State records include a CONOPID FLY in Nevada (p. 205) and a WEEVIL in Ohio (p. 204). For new county records see page 205. Some First Occurrences of the Season ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae in Maryland. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae in Illinois. Larvae of a PINE SAWFLY in Arkansas. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR larvae in New Jersey and Maryland. MOSQUITO larvae in Minnesota and Maryland. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES in Idaho, Kansas, and Tennessee; activity in Idaho earliest recorded in State. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 30 unless other- wise indicated. - 199 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance. 5 2... <2. «ce semere menemeOne Insects Affecting Small Grains’... )< os. oho. 2 Od 4 Ornamentals. are eee eee POS Forage Legumes...... neuer -201 Forest and Shade Trees.....203 Cole: Crops es eee abs #.202°* Man: and, Anamal’s\yani cers oO Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..202 Households and Structures. .204 G@aGGrUIS 4 ons sve ec remecsueulons suet eens ...203 Miscellaneous Wild Plants. .204 Smaw asaya tse eee ae erences OS Beneficial Insects... .... : SEs mck a oR AEN GL oh eken eis élocbitete tartete Mens BOEeeES -204 Federal and State Plant Protection PROSTAMS so) sees ndarelsisme tomepa Oo Detection sis oi arate heihae ladscatia ater leilatalentetietel siaseitetiomemetts sheave eve enters » 205 Lich tcrap Collections ne. Boa eahist ate ajaP haat jeder is reece neers enone): wires lone Iaeeuen een OS CORRES CIEAION'S ceaverer a elke veto teremove nile Suetieliseats On anemehet sews Big Vor avers oo Novis SiensiNeeC OO Hawaii Insect Report BcwelonoceSereiler sneer ete rsielie ei ohvetacretrel once sree svete ZOO WEATHER OF WEEK ENDING APRIL 2 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, PRECIPITATION: Rain drenched the Deep South, the western half of the Corn Belt, Kansas, and the Wheat Belt this week. From 2 to 4 inches of rain soaked soils and flooded rivers from northern Florida to Virginia west to the Mississippi. Torrents of rain turned fields to mud in Kansas, western Missouri, and Oklahoma. The week brought from 2 to over 2.50 inches of rain. A pleasant springlike day graced most of the Nations interior Monday March 25 while coastal areas received scattered showers. Tuesday began with generally fair weather--cloudy, dry. Rain returned to the Plains during the afternoon. A Low pushed showers into west- central Texas, showers later spread into the Mississippi Valley. Snow fell in Colorado and northern New Mexico. TEMPERATURE: Temperatures warmer than average covered the East, Midwest, and North Central United States last week. The area around Buffalo, New York, averaged 10 degrees or more above normal while large sections of the Atlantic coast, Deep South, Corn Belt, and Northwest ran from normal to 6 degrees above normal. Much of the central and western Corn Belt remained frost free all week. The west coast remained cooler than normal for the second week in a row. Some mountain State areas were as much as 9 to 12 degrees below normal. The week began on the mild side..Midday temperatures were in the high 40's, 50's, and 60's all along the Canadian border. Tuesday was cooler due to a cold front moving across the North Central States and northerly winds blowing into New England. Wednesday morning the freeze line moved into the western Plains and as far south as North Carolina in the east. Thursday's frost line embraced only the Rockies and northern Plains. However, midday Highs along the Canadian border ranged in the 30's and 40's in the Nation's midsection, the 40's and 50's closer to the coasts. Friday's temperature story was almost the same. The day's high at St. Petersburg, Florida was 86 degrees, the low at Lander, Wyoming 9 degrees. Weather of the week continued on page 206. - 200 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spring nymphal emergence progressing in Kern County. Gravid adult females still present throughout most overwintering areas. Conditions for beet leafhopper reproduction appears favorable in Elk Hills Range, Buena Vista Hills, Twenty-five Hills, and Symria area near Taft and McKittrick, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Dita) ive GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy populations in most smalI grain fields required chemical controls at Clovos, Curry County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light on small grains in Reeves and Pecos Counties. Ranged 5-10 per row foot in barley and wheat. Light, ranged 1-8 per row foot in small grains in Martin County. Populations of 2-40 per row foot seen in Archer, Throckmorton, Haskell, Knox, Wilbarger, and Foard Counties. (Neeb, Boring). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in wheat in Washington County. (Boyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARKANSAS - Survey negative in northwest areas. No infestations expected under extremely wet conditions. (Boyer). SMALL GRAINS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light, 5-8 per row foot, reported from few small grain fields in Archer and Foard Counties. (Boring). HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - KANSAS - Heavy flaxseed infestations found in large volunteer wheat in Russell, Sheridan, and Wichita Counties. Flaxseeds ranged 10-12 per plant in Russell (2 fields) and Sheridan (3 fields) and 6-7 per plant in Wichita County field. No flaxseeds found in planted or small volunteer wheat in these counties nor in large and small volunteer and planted wheat in Sherman, Wallace, and Greeley Counties. (Bell). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Damaged alfalfa in Wilbarger County where controls not applied. Terminal damage ranged 50-80 percent in many fields. Damage also reported from Clay County; about 50 percent terminal damage reported from one field. (Boring). ARKANSAS - Increase light in northern area. In Boone County, 20 adults and 13 larvae taken in 10 sweeps in one field. In Washington County field one adult and 20 larvae taken in 10 sweeps. (Boyer). KANSAS - Larvae infested 48 percent of alfalfa terminals in one field in Chautauqua County. In Montgomery County field, 4 percent of green stems contained fresh egg masses. (Bell). MISSOURI - Larval counts decreased in southwest area due to heavy rain and hail; averaged less than 1 per alfalfa stem. No adult counts made because of moisture. (Munson). ILLINOIS - Larval and adult activity increased noticeably during past week in alfalfa in southern third of State. Stem tip feeding averaged 21 percent, adults and larvae averaged 17 and 25 per 100 sweeps, respectively. Most larvae were first and second instar with some third. Alfalfa ranged 6-8 inches in height. (111. Ins. Rpt.). ’ KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 1.23 per alfalfa tip in Caldwell County, 90 per square foot in Barren County, and 125 per square - 201 - foot in Warren County. Eggs averaged 13 and 26 per square foot at 2 locations in Fayette County, and 72 per square foot in Barren County. (Barnett, Parr). TENNESSEE - Up to 63 larvae per 50 tips with 90 percent tip damage in Franklin County; 70 per 50 tips (no tip damage) in Crockett County. Controls needed when larvae number one per tip or with 50 percent tip damage. (Gordon). MARYLAND - First larvae of season collected in Harford and Frederick Counties. First instar larval counts averaged 1 per 50 tips. Larval surveys in Howard, Baltimore, Prince Georges, and Carroll Counties negative. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestation exceeded economic threshold (25 of 50 tips infested) in following counties: Hanover 36, Powhatan 42, and Roanoke 29. (Allen). SOUTH CAROLINA - Appeared on old alfalfa in all counties; damage 50+ percent in most fields. Tip damage ranged 5-20 percent on newly seeded stands. Parasitism negative. (Thomas, March 23). | EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 500 per 100 sweeps in fields of wet alfalfa at Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. Ranged 30-100 per 100 sweeps at Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (McHenry). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS - Light in red clover and alfalfa in southern areas. Larvae averaged 2 per square foot in 2 Pulaski County red clover fields. Up to 10 larvae per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Johnson County. (111. Ins. Rpt. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Averaged 50 per sweep in alfalfa in Las Vegas area of Clark County. (Joy). NEW MEXICO - Populations very heavy on legume crops in Eddy and Chaves Counties. Controls applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Ranged 10-25 per square foot in alfalfa fields in Glasscock, Martin, and Midland Counties. Moderate to heavy in some fields in Wilbarger County. (Neeb, Boring). ARKANSAS - Counts stable, 700-800 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in northwest area. (Boyer). ILLINOIS - Averaged 50 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern areas. Occasional winged OEMs; Found. Ghia. Ins. pits). WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - WASHINGTON - Adult flight general in lower Yakima Valley; 14 taken in 8 of 10 pheromone traps week ending March 21. In Walla Walla County, adults averaged 9 (range 1-37) per trap in 29 of 50 traps. (Hanphas) REDLEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femurrubrum) - MINNESOTA - Egg pods ranged 4-5 per square foot along State Highway 25 in Sibley County. No egg development indicated. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). COLE CROPS VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MISSIS- SIPPI - Immatures damaged 15 acres of commercial cabbage in Lamar County. Controls applied. (Robinson). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Overwintering egg counts on peach show increase over 1972. Eggs and nymphs averaged 20 per 100 fruiting buds; 33 percent of eggs hatched by March 12 compared to 95 percent in 1972. Sixty percent hatched to date with all fruits still in dormant stage going into delayed dormant stage. (Bulla). - 202 - CITRUS CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Treatments underway at Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. Spread more general in groves than in past years. (Ariz. Coop. Suse SMALL FRUITS BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Acalitus vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesta- tions slightly heavier than winter of 1971-1972. Damaging numbers observed in untreated blueberries in Pender and Bladen Counties. Counts during November 1972, January, and March 1973 averaged 51 percent of terminal buds infested. (Hunt). ORNAMENTALS ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Adults of Lepidosaphes maskelli and Carulaspis minima moderate on 2,000 Juniperus sp. plants at Hudson, Pasco County. Collected March 20, BLOTS ae by Der. Dilekson All stages of Duplaspidiotus tesseratus and MINING SCALE (Howardia biclavis) collected on Camellia japonica by G.P. Lamb at Arcadia, De Soto County on March los, 1973. These are all new county records. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - Activity and population levels remained moderate to heavy with outbreaks expanding in areas already affected. Although salvage efforts hampered by very wet fall and winter suppression efforts continued to stress removal of infested trees before beetles become active in spring. Beetle populations little affected by mild winter throughout the South; increase in size and intensity of outbreaks expected during spring and summer. Suppression efforts included 108.4 million board feet and 195,351 cords of timber salvaged since July 1972. (South. For. Pest. Rptr., March). BLACK PINELEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis californica) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting pine trees, 5 scales per needle, in Vacaville, Solano County. Infestation increased in native pines over past 2 years. KCalseCoop. Rpt .). A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Hatch began in south-central counties about 2 and one half weeks later than normal. (Boyer). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NEW JERSEY - First hatch of season observed March 28 in crab apple trees at New Brunswick, Middlesex County. Few larvae observed on each egg mass. First hatch of 1972 season occurred April 14. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - First larvae of season reported from Mont- gomery County. Most egg hatch expected to be completed in 7~14 days in central area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae moderate to severe in most central and Piedmont counties. (King, Pollet). FLORIDA - Larvae abandoning most tents in Prunus spp. in search of pupation sites at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavier in southern area than for many years. (Boyer). = 203 - MAN AND ANIMALS HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Populations stable on beef cattle in Oktibbeha County; averaged 30 per head. (Robinson). TEXAS - Light on cattle in Pecos County. (Neeb). MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - First Aedes spp. larvae of season collected March 21 by personnel of Metropolitan Mosquito Control District (Minneapolis, St. Paul, and 6 surrounding counties). Field collection of larvae on March 29 revealed mostly second instar with occasional third. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). MARYLAND - Larvae heavy in roadside ditches along Susquehanna River near Havre de Grace, Harford County. A. canadensis second and third instar larvae ranged 12-20 per dipper. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - During the period March 18- 24 there were 4 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. as follows: Texas - Jim Hogg 2, Brooks 1, Hidalgo 1. Total of 97 confirmed cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. Totaled 76,715,000, all in Texas. Total of 116,199,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - IDAHO - Alates collected from home in Moscow, Latah County, March 28. This is earliest alate activity recorded in State. (Futter). KANSAS - First swarms of season reported March 12 and March 21 in Topeka, Shawnee County. (Bell). TENNESSEE - R. flavipes (eastern sub- terranean termite) swarmed in Bradley County for first report of season. (Mullett). MISSOURI - R. flavipes swarmed at several locations in southwest area. (Munson). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS A WEEVIL (Polydrusus sericeus) - OHIO - Collected from nettle at Oak Openings Park, part of Toledo Metropolitan Park System in Lucas County, June 25, 1972, by G. Firebaugh. Trees in area include oaks, black cherry, sassafrass, pines, spruce, fir, and witchhazel. Determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (Firebaugh). BENEFICIAL INSECTS CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - ARIZONA - Heavy in small grains in Cochise County and one field of wheat in Yuma County.) (Ariz. ‘Coops.;Sur—):. ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - Emergence of Meloe sp. (a blister beetle) adults heavy from N. melanderi nesting sites in Lowden and Touchet area, Walla Walla County. Emergence apparently began first week of March. Up to 15 adult emergence holes per square foot noted in one bee bed; up to 10 Meloe sp. adults per square foot in concentrated areas along edges of bed sites. Bee beds in Lowden and Touchet area heavily infested; few beeties in beds on west and north fringes of area. Small numbers of Meloe sp. adults noted emerging from N. melanderi beds in Touchet area in April 1972. It is strongly Suspected Meloe sp. is adapting to alkali bee as a host. (Johansen). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - FLORIDA - Alate- producing broods appeared for first time this season in Gadsden County; 68 percent of mounds have sexual larvae and 17 percent have sexual pupae. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Collected in Brazos County February 8 by W.T. Williamson, in Washington County February 15 by B.B. Smith, and in Wilson County March 6 by H.C. Massey. Determined by D.R. Smith. These are new county records. (PPQ) . WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Infesta- tion spread into Oceanside area, San Diego County. Counts averaged 4 nymphs per leaf. Area to be included in treatment program in progress. Two properties found infested at San Clemente, Orange County, for a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION New State Records - A CONOPID FLY (Dalmannia pacifica) -— NEVADA - Adults collected at Reno, Washoe County, on June 1, 1964, by R.C. Bechtel. Determined by R.C. Bechtel. (Bechtel). A WEEVIL (Polydrusus sericeus) - OHIO - Lucas County. (p. 204). New County Records - A CONOPID FLY (Dalmannia picta) NEVADA - Adults collected at Reno, Washoe County, June 27, 1960 by F.D. Parker; Cave Valley, Lincoln County, June 2, 1962 by R.C. Bechtel; Gardnerville, Douglas County, May 9, 1969 by C.A. Heringer; Preston, White Pine County, May 20, 1969 by C.A. Heringer; Kingston Canyon, Lander County, July 1, 1971 by R.C. Bechtel and P.C. Martinelli. Determined by R.C. Bechtel. (Bechtel). ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Lepidosaphes maskelli, Carulaspis minima Pasco, Duplaspidiotus tesseratus, MINING SCALE (Howardia bicavis) De Soto (p. 203). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - TEXAS - Brazos, Washington, Wilson (p. 205). WOOLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) CALIFORNIA - Orange (p. 205). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/23-29, BL, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) 2, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) 2, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) 13, TOBACCO BUDWORM (H. virescens) 1, YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (S. ornithogalli) 2. TEXAS - Waco, 3/22-30, BL, Armyworm 82, beet armyworm 1, black cutworm 2, bollworm 6, granulate cutworm 2, SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) 3, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) 53, yellowstriped armyworm Gy. CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(12):169 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS - HONEY BEE (Apis melifera) should read (Apis mellifera). CEIR 23(13):186 - DETECTION - New State Records - SOFT SCALES should read BLACK SCALES. Also, S. oleae should read S. miranda. i CPPQ) . - 205 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) damage generally Tight in 3-foot tall corn seedlings at Waimanalo, Oahu; moderate on 50 percent of older leaves. Plants nearest perimeter most adversely affected. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) light in adjacent nearly mature corn; about 15 percent of ears infested with young larvae. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza Spp.) very heavy in mature cucumber at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 50 i percent of older leaves affected. Many leaves with 10+ adults per leaf. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) heavy on young leaves. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) increased on LOO+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; colonies light and spotty in late November 1972 and in early February 1973 now at moderate levels. Nymphs and adults of Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle) light amid scale colonies. (Kawamura). Weather of the week continued from page 200. Late in the week a Pacific cold front pushed into Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Late Sunday, it embraced the whole of western third of the Nation. Sunday afternoon tempera- tures ranged from 77 degrees at Key West, Florida, to 20 degrees at Laramie, Wyoming. Wednesday, a poorly organized Low extending from the upper Great Lakes to the southern Plains generated showers and thundershowers over the mid-Mississippi Valley. Warm, | moist air flowing toward the emerging storm caused thundershowers © over southern Texas and the Louisiana coast. Thursday, Lows centered over Illinois, the Rockies, and one south of New Mexico stirred up weather over much of the Nation. Heavy rains swelled flooded rivers from the gulf coast to the mid-Mississippi Valley. Flagstaff, Arizona, added 13 inches of snow to its already record snowfall for the year. Friday, snow fell in the central Rockies east into Colorado. Goodland, Kansas, recorded 1 inch of new snow. Severe weather extended eastward. Baseball sized hail fell near Texarkana, Arkansas. Montgomery, Alabama, had 1.83 inches of rain. Tornadoes hit near Durant, Oklahoma, Friday night, the storm dumped 4 to 6 inches of rain on southern Alabama and 1.50 inches over parts of Georgia and South Carolina. Saturday, nine tornadoes touched down in central Missouri, five in northern Georgia, three in Illinois. In northern Georgia several people were killed and a large number injured. Sunday, rains caused flooding in the Carolinas. Tornadoes touched down in central Florida, Lower Michigan, and the Washington, D.C., suburbs. The tornado in Washington destroyed a shopping center, tore roofs off a school, and an apartment house. - 206 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 ge 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 COO] SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LITBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 23 NO. 19 April 13, 1973 SVs) S23 eg cut. Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 Avorcsila Se LOMS Number 15 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM severely damaged seedling grain sorghum in Coastal Bend area of Texas. (p. 209). ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae exceeded economic threshold in Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas of Virginia and in western and central areas of Tennessee. Infestations increasing in other areas of Nation. (pp. 209-210). VEGETABLE WEEVIL infested spearmint and peppermint in Oregon TOV anew state record. (po. 201). WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS moderate to heavy in citrus groves in Salt Raver Valley of Arizona. (p. 212). NORTHERN FOWL MITE moderate on large chicken flock in Mississippi, heavy on large flock in Oklahoma. (p. 214). Prediction SPRING CANKERWORM problems expected to increase in Nebraska. Spring cankerworm and FALL CANKERWORM expected to cause severe defoliation of trees in North Dakota. (p. 212). Detection New State records include VEGETABLE WEEVIL in Oregon (p. 211), a BRACONID WASP parasite of alfalfa weevil adults in Ohio (p. 214), and a EULOPHID WASP parasite of scale insects in Colorado (pe 24).- For new county and island records see page 215. Some First Occurrences of the Season BLACK CUTWORM moths in Ohio. BOLL WEEVIL adults in Texas. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR in Delaware. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE adults and eggs in West Virginia. A GRASS BUG in Nebraska. GRASSHOPPER nymphs in Oklahoma. Special Reports Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1929-1949. (pp. 217- 220) . Reports in this issue are for week ending April 6 unless other- wise indicated. - 207 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........ eiietawarleicecets Serene aS Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..209 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..211 SMa Gia ers cienekeneneewenenels ZO9O> o CRERUSIH so. eceinisticiteln. oo nL eeren omens 22 Forage LegumesS.......e...6 se 2 OO) aw) oma es Tors Wiel SS) ope lesa eles ieee ene 22 COUUODRGooodooacCODUUODOOCD 211 Forest and Shade Trees.....212 Miscellaneous Field Crops.211 Man and Animals........... .213 Collen Cropsirers cies crrciee -..-.-e2l1l Households and Structures. .214 Bene tie PATI ENS SC CHU Soe) e010 1a) cs: at wl ete site ole sien oifeiiens) cue oh else onelicdeaehotouciememen mene nens 214 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs.............ceee0.% .214 Hawartarlnseet pREp OL Tire cic. siebeue tele tole islets eeme eters cure ee dis cos sot(shoneustrensMeite Als 6 AILS) IDYERESYON Es OlNAcd Gena geo nian Gio CO DODO on CoG toMouoonasoob 6 od elene oo vehi Dray COMVSGe ON Sisters aciete che ie cs crenee none eben ole usiiete ovencucconee menos Sletewevects 216 Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected Reference 1929-1949........ PHA fe WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 9 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, PRECIPITATION: The eastern Corn Belt and a strip extending from Kentucky through Arkansas into East Texas received heavy rains ranging from 0.8 to 2 inches which worsened the already bad flood situation. Throughout parts of the Deep South and northern Florida 2 to 4 inches of torrential rain soaked soils. By con- trast, most of the west coast and almost all areas west of the Rockies received no precipitation. The Mountain States and western Great Plains had unseasonal snow and blizzards due to frigid arctic air. Monday brought one inch of snow to Wisconsin, Iowa, eastern Nebraska, and Kansas. Rain increased flooding from Illinois to Louisiana. The Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois, crested at 16 feet above flood stage, less than 4 feet below the record of 1937 crest. Tuesday, rain fell over most of the Nation. A Low in southeastern Louisiana set off intense thundershowers over the Gulf States. These reached severe proportions as the storm traveled east. Torrential rains struck southern Georgia and northern Florida. Wednesday morning, Jacksonville, Florida, had received 7.57 inches of rain, Brunswick, Georgia, 2.33 inches. Scattered showers continued all day Wednesday throughout the South- east, extremely heavy showers throughout Florida. Sun City, 17 miles north of Tampa, Florida, received 5.50 inches of rain ina 2-hour period. Locally heavy rains caused flash flooding in Georgia. Late Wednesday and early Thursday, the Mississippi flood crest moved into lower Mississippi. The river was 6.5 feet above flood stage as it passed through Memphis, Tennessee. A near record flood of 7 feet above flood stage raged along the Suwannee River in northern Florida. Thursday, the storm brought winter back to New England blanketing Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire with snow. The storm also spread rain down the Ohio Valley, otherwise most of the Nation enjoyed fair weather. Friday, light rains and snows fell over New England, the Applachians, and westward into Minnesota. Heavier snows prevailed over Montana and North Dakota. Weather of the week continued on page 216. - 208 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Threatening numbers on roadside Chenopodium, April 1. Treatments necessary to protect Imperial Valley croplands from damaging populations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Generally light throughout Rolling Plains. Ranged 1-10 per row foot of small grains in Knox, Haskell, Throckmorton, Wilbarger, and Foard Counties. Ranged 20- 34 per row foot in some fields in Haskell and Wilbarger Counties. Little or no activity reported from Young and Baylor Counties. Some controls applied in Hall County. Beneficial species, mainly spiders and nabids, still active in small grains in Wilbarger County. (Boring). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-10 per square foot in alfalfa near Carlsbad, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabiotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Heavy populations caused severe damage to seedling grain sorghum in Calhoun, Victoria, and Matagorda Counties. (Cole). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - OHIO - Adults collected in blacklight traps on March 30 for first emergence of season. (Rings). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - OHIO - Populations of overwintering larvae generally lower than past 2 years. Heavy populations may develop in some isolated fields. (Musick). SMALL GRAINS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light, ranged 3-11 per row foot in small grains in Knox and Foard Counties. In Haskell County, 28 per row foot taken from one field. Number of infested fields and populations remained light in Rolling Plains area. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Present in most wheat fields in Logan and Kingfisher Counties; ranged up to 15 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults taken as follows: 75 per 100 sweeps of wheat and 140 per 100 sweeps of oats (both hosts in green seedhead stage) at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A LEAFHOPPER (Dikraneura carneola) - UTAH - Active in margins of winter wheat at Petersboro, Cache County. (Knowlton). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Infestations heavy on roadside clover in Wood County. This is a new county record. Also noted on burr clover 4 miles west of Marble Falls and active in Donley and Collingsworth Counties. Larvae caused some terminal damage to alfalfa in Fisher County. Terminal damage ranged 5-10 percent in several fields near Roby, Fisher County. (Tapscott et al.). OKLAHOMA - Terminal infestations ranged 25-75 percent - 209 - in alfalfa in Washita, Caddo, and Beckham Counties, and averaged 44 percent in Logan County and 14 percent in Washington County. Larvae ranged 60-100 per square foot in Tulsa County, 60-75 in Greer County, and 1-20 in Roger Mills County. Heavy in Payne and Bryan Counties and light in Pawnee and Pontotoc Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Development slow in northwest area, probably due to low temperatures. One adult and 31 larvae taken in 10 sweeps in Washington County fields. Expected to increase rapidly with warm weather. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Larvae infested alfalfa throughout State. Ranged 0.5-2.1 per stem in southwest area. Terminal damage ranged 5-30 percent. (Munson). INDIANA - All H. postica eggs laid prior to March 1 now hatched in southern third of State. No hatch to date in northern half of State but expected to begin as far north as Indianapolis next 7 days. Larvae per 100 stems by county as follows: Daviess 58, Dubois 127, Harrison 63. (Huber, Meyer). OHIO - Egg counts taken in 2 to 4-inch tall alfalfa in southwestern and central areas showed average of 11 per square foot in Clinton County and 36 per square foot in Franklin County. No larvae seen. (Horn, Flessel). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 3.4 per alfalfa tip in Warren and Barren Counties; 78 percent of tips infested. In Nelson County, 40-50 percent of tips infested with average of 1.2 larvae per tip; damage evident on 90 percent of tips. In northern areas, 20-30 percent of tips infested; larvae averaged less than one per tip. (Barnett). MARYLAND - H. postica larval surveys negative in Cecil, Kent, and Queen Annes Counties. Egg hatch continued in Baltimore, Frederick, Carroll, and Prince Georges Counties, but larvae likely to be killed by frosts. Peak hatch expected within next 2 weeks. (U2) MdteSrnt Depts): VIRGINIA - Survey conducted on 138 acres of alfalfa in 15 fields in 8 counties showed infestations exceeded economic threshold (25 of 50 tips infested) in 7 fields. Defoliation by H. postica averaged 10.1 percent. Larvae growing rapidly; growers in Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas should treat soon. (Allen). TENNESSEE - Infestations exceeded economic threshold in 6 counties; Warren, Grundy, Obion, Franklin, Fayette, and Hardeman. (Gordon, Bruer). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae averaged 5 per alfalfa plant in 3 Rowan County fields. About 80 percent of foliage damaged. Total loss expected if fields not treated. (Bowers). MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum sample of 100 square feet of alfalfa in Bolivar County yielded estimated 197,000+ larvae per acre. This is 5-fold increase in last 14 days. Averaged 1+ larvae per plant. Ragging of terminals evident. (Schuster). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae per 100 sweeps of alfalfa ranged 10-200 in Yuma Valley and 10-80 at Wellton, Yuma County; averaged 131 in Maricopa County. (Ariz. CoOOp\. SUE D ELT EMT. VOL. 23 NO. 17 April 27, 1973 Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4 fi e Ni Wi ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: © CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 April 27, 1973 Number 17 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions BEET LEAFHOPPER nymphs heavy throughout overwintering areas in central California with possibility of additional hatch. HESSIAN FLY very heavy and damaging on wheat in central and south Alabama; some areas with 50-80 percent loss of stems. (p. 235). PEA APHID infestations heavy in parts of New Mexico and Alabama; moderate to heavy in Oklahoma and increasing in Kansas. (p. 236). ASPARAGUS BEETLE adults active in 1,500 acres of asparagus in Maryland; controls to be applied. (p. 238). GYPSY MOTH reported hatching in Bucks County, Pennsylvania; egg parasites abundant in Schuylkill County. (p. 239). Detection A CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLE and a SEPSID FLY reported for @ first time from Hawaii. These are new United States records, but neither species is known to occur in continental United States. (p. 241). For new county records see page 240. Special Report Boll Weevil Survival Survey. Spring 1973. (pp. 243-246). Reports in this issue are for week ending April 20 unless other- wise indicated. - 233 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance..........+2..e2ee-eee 239 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...235 General Vegetables..... B66 OZamU Smawll Grea Siayapesiereieener cit ....225 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .237 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..236 Ornamentals................ 238 Forage Legumes............- .236 Forest and Shade Trees..... 238 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers237 Man and Animals........... 4 ee} GuCUEDHES yee romeiere enotoncnsr sa onenonel< 237 Households and Structures. .239 Bene teva TIASSCESK cs) cheer ccc eielicl cucle elles. 6) sie) ois) oelielonelii-t sien-MeNcReMoR- iN -a- ae 239 Federal and State Pliant Protection Programs ov sits o> aneure eeeoene sisceneloieur eo Dewte Cito cnecrenetens) one eel ove ifauouesaccusrieveteiaueh cleuciicusucuenchinen sic) one keNeRCR CR CMR aANAu 240 COLLECTIONS crepe edie okch ene kek on Mocnscs NOUN Cacheh nenchorehcdeeeate etelenene Meee OAL Light Trap Collections. Ee ee PEEL SIRO PSEA ROSS Ob 0.010 0006.0 240 Hawadt MinSe eit Rep OV tere escis cise ralsieteuel ole cic «ever ciel onoloucive) ole ten monde Sean ae Boll Weevil Survival Survey. Spring 1972. a Bearers ausverate s eneeeaeme asteemtens 243 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 23 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Monday a sprawling low extending from the Texas sulf coast to the Great Lakes drew moisture-laden tropical air into the central States and dropped heavy rains on the Nation's already water-logged midsection. Jackson, Mississippi was drenched with 5 inches of rain. Severe thunderstorms accompanied by tornadoes and high winds plagued the lower Great Lakes region. The Nation's eastern third enjoyed mostly fair skies as a result of a strong High centered over the middle Atlantic coast. On the Pacific coast there were showers in the north and clear skies in the south. Tuesday and Wednesday saw a lingering low pressure system continuing to dump rains on the Nation's central portion. Rainfall totaled nearly 12 inches at Beaumont, Texas and Morgan City, Louisiana, This excessive rainfall further aggravated the threat of flooding along almost all rivers and streams from eastern Texas through the lower Mississippi Valley. Tides 3 to 5 feet above normal along the north-central gulf coast produced some tidal flooding and slowed the flow of several rivers already at flood stage. Wednesday morning saw a spring snowstorm develop in the centrcl Rockies. A Low centered over Utah supported a wide band of rain and snow from Arizona to Wyoming. By day's end Lander, Wyoming received 6 inches of snow to make a total of 12 inches on the ground. Thursday, cold air behind a front associated with a spring snowstorm in the northern Plains began colliding with a warm moist front located over the central States resulting in even more rain for the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys plus a tornado area where the two fronts met. The northern Plains snowstorm intensified into a full-scale blizzard by night- fall. Snow up to 1 foot deep closed some roads in southwestern Montana. Friday, rains continued in the Midwest with severe thunderstorms stretching from Arkansas northward over Missouri to eastern Iowa and the western Great Lakes. A tornado ripped through northeast Arkansas near Harrison resulting in 1 death and 22 injuries. Weather of the week continued on page 242, - 234 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light in most wheat fields in Cimarron and Texas Counties. Seldom average over 2 per 10 linear feet; larvae range half to full grown. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Survey negative in wheat in Washington County. Infestations not expected to develop under current wet conditions. (Boyer). TEXAS - Remained light in fields in Rolling Plains area. Ranged O-41 per row foot in Archer, Knox, Haskell, Throckmorton, Wilbarger, and Foard Counties. Popula- tions considered low since 300-800 greenbugs per row foot necessary in small grains 6-16 inches tall before control measures required. Increased activity of nabids, lady beetles, lacewings, and spiders reported from fields in Archer, Wilbarger, and Foard Counties. (Boring). NEW MEXICG - Moderate to heavy in wheat fields in Cutty, Roosevelt, and Quay Counties. Controls applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.) . BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - First and second-instar nymphs heavy throughout overwintering areas in Kern, Kings, and Fresno Counties. Hatch still uneven with possibility of later hatch in next 14-21 days. Spring nymphal treatment began April 12 in Kern and Fresno Counties. Treatment of 800 miles of roadside hosts completed in Imperial Valley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Averaged 0.258 per square foot from total of 488 samples taken in Washakie County. Averaged 0.092 in 1972 and 0.13 in 1971. (Daiss). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - WISCONSIN - Overwinter- ing survival ranged 80-85 percent in central, southwestern, and southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Pupation begun on Eastern Shore; approximately 20 percent complete in Talbot, Dorchester, and Queen Annes Counties. No pupation west of Chesa- peake Bay to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ~ SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults ranged 3-5 per sweep in oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - ALABAMA —- Very heavy and damaging on certain wheat varieties at several south and central area locations. Some varieties in Research Variety Test at Head- land, Henry County and Prattville, Autauga County with 10-100 larvae and pupae per clump of plants and estimated 50-80 percent loss of stems. Larvae and pupae moderate to high in large field in Geneva County. (Teems et al.). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-3 per linear foot in many wheat fields in Keyes area and up to l per linear foot in Boise City area, Cimarron County. Lighter numbers found in western parts of Cimarron and Texas Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 235 - TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Eriophyes cynodoniensis) - ARIZONA - Becoming a problem in many Bermuda grass lawns at Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) - NEVADA - Larvae heavy, 1-15 per plant, on various forbs, especially lupine and fiddleneck, on several thousand acres of rangeland in southern Clark County, especially in vicinity of and south of State Highway 77. Some host plants defoliated and larvae moving across highway in large numbers. Thousands of adults present in area and migrating, generally northward. (Bechtel, Zoller). FORAGE LEGUMES TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ALABAMA - First genera-— tion adults and nymphs ranged 2-10 per 10 sweeps in hundreds of acres of full-blooming crimson clover in fields and along high- ways in Lee, Macon, Montgomery, and Autauga Counties. (McQueen). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in alfalfa in Eddy and Chaves Counties. Controls applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Populations in alfalfa increased past 14 days in south- east district; still generally light. Highest infestations found in Elk, Montgomery, and Wilson Counties where counts ranged 400- 1,100 per 100 sweeps. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in Roger Mills County, light to moderate in Garvin County, and light and scattered in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Heavy in crimson clover in Montgomery and Autauga Counties; ranged several hundred per 5 sweeps. (McQueen). FLORIDA - About 5 nymphs and adults taken per sweep of 10-inch second-growth alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Adults taken in pheromone trap at Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County, April 4 for first report of the season. (Burkhart). ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE (Otiorhynchus ligustici) - NEW YORK - Adults ranged 0-18 per square foot in Wayne County alfalfa,week ending April 13. Alfalfa ranged 2-4 inches in height. (York, Gyrisco). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KANSAS - Larval infestations at or near economic levels common in southeast district. Some fields with 80-100 percent terminal feeding damage. One Montgomery County field with 15 percent defoliation and 5.7 larvae per terminal. Lightest infestations in Woodson and Allen Counties with maximum of 8 larvae per 100 sweeps. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy infestations in untreated alfalfa in all areas of State except northwest and Panhandle. Terminal infestations ranged 60-90 percent in Kay County and up to 100 percent in Payne and Lincoln Counties. Larvae ranged 75-100 per square foot in Osage County, 200-300 in Washita, Beckham, and Caddo Counties, and 75-150 in Roger Mills County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infestations heavy in Dickens, Wilbarger, and Hardeman Counties. One Dickens County farm with 90 percent of terminals infested with up to 6 larvae per terminal. Control measures applied in Wilbarger and Hardeman Counties. (Boring). ARKANSAS - Counts increasing due to warmer weather. In Washington County research field, counts rangec 44-160 per 10 sweeps. Treatments general in all alfalfa producing areas of State. (Boyer). - 236 - MISSOURI - H. postica adults active in all fields checked in southeast, south-central, and southwest areas. Counts ranged 5-40 per 10 sweeps. Larval counts ranged 0.5-3.5 per plant. Rain and cool evening temperatures preventing any extensive larval damage in southern areas. (Munson). INDIANA - Mean percent infestations by county as follows: Daviess 39, Dubois 41, Harrison 35. Controls necessary in several southwest district fields. (Meyer). OHIO - Egg hatch begun in southwestern and central areas. Adults averaged 1 per sweep in Franklin County and 3 per 50 sweeps in Butler County alfalfa. (Fox). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 130 per square foot in Barren County. In Fayette County, eggs averaged 46 and 9 per square foot in 2 separate fields. Larval damage economic 14-21 days ago in south-central regions; 50-75 percent of alfalfa treated. Counts lower in central region this year than 1972. (Barnett, Parr). TENNESSEE - Percentage of tips infested by alfalfa weevil by county as follows: Madison 20-100, Hardeman 68, Carroll 60, Henry 11-56. (Gordon). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults averaged 30 per 100 sweeps in Jackson County. Larval infestations reached 58 and 52 percent in Mason and Jackson Counties, respectively. (Hacker). MARYLAND - Larval counts remain light statewide. Heaviest counts in central area with 2-8 larvae per sweep. Most fields ranged 0-4 larvae per Sweep with first through third instars present in Harford, Frederick, Kent, Cecil, and Queen Annes Counties. Tip damage remains below 5 percent levels statewide but expected to increase rapidly in next 14 days. DELAWARE - Young larvae on alfalfa in western Kent County; feeding injury very light. (Burbutis). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS GREAT BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera pruinina) - IDAHO - Infesting over 95 percent of potato seed pieces in 6,000 acre track at _Sailer Creek, Owyhee County. This area was formerly sagebrush- cheatgrass range plowed in 1973 and planted with potatoes for first time. (Homan). CUCURBITS SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - FLORIDA - Larvae heavily infested watermelon stems in 25-acre planting at Marianna, Jackson County; plants dying. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - MARYLAND - Adults active and laying eggs in 1,500 acres of asparagus in Kent County. Beetle counts ranged 8-30 per 50 spears. Controls to be applied this ‘week. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS BROWN MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - CALIFORNIA - Infested prune and almond orchards. Damage began to show as yellow leaves in some areas. Many orchards unable to be treated at proper time due to wet conditions. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - ALABAMA - First and second-instar nymphs heavy on numerous low limbs of 50 pecan trees at 5 locations in Macon and Montgomery Counties. (McQueen). a 2a 2 EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged peach trees in Major County. Infestations on wild plum lighter than usual in most areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Numerous adults taken in pheromone traps in pear and apple orchards. Some treatment to be applied in next 10 days. Eggs deposited, but cool weather and rain have delayed hatch. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORNAMENTALS BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - About 50 percent of eggs hatched on trees and Shrubs examined along Highway I-85 in Lee, Macon, and Montgomery Counties. First- instar larvae very heavy on juniper and cedars; expected to destroy plants. (McQueen). COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - ALABAMA - First larvae of season noted feeding in groups Of 10-40 on willow trees used as ornamentals along Highway I-85 in Macon and Montgomery Counties. (McQueen). HOLLY LEAFMINER (Phytomyza ilicis) - WASHINGTON - Blotch mining damage moderate on holly leaves in Seattle, King County. All mines contained pupae with no evidence of adult emergence as of April 8. (Collman). FOREST AND SHADE TREES OAK LECANIUM (Lecanium quercifex) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in Delta Counties of Humphries, Sunflower, and Quitman. Crawlers emerged and young scales present. Damage heavy on oaks in some areas. (Robinson). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Total of 57 egg masses taken from one 25-foot oak tree and 59 taken from a 25-foot maple tree in Grant County. (Miller). PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - OHIO - Severely damaged Scotch pine Christmas trees in Columbiana County tree farm. Three-year- old liners showed heaviest damage with about 450 of 500 trees destroyed. (Kelly). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - During period April 8-14, there were 4 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S., all from Texas. Total of 313 confirmed cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. totaled 58,818,000 as follows: Texas 55,878,000 and Arizona 2,940,000. Total of 112,173,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 40 per cow and 1,000 per bull in Payne County and 20 per cow and 100 per bull in Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - First adults of season found on dairy cattle in Kent, Cecil, Harford, Baltimore, and Frederick Counties. Ranged moderate to heavy (10-50 per head). (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - About 12 adults collected - 238 - April 9, 1973, by Mark Kostielney in building at San Juan Bautista, San Benito County. This is a new county record. (Cale Coop. Rpt.) .- MOSQUITOES - KENTUCKY - Culex restuans larvae collected on May 15, 1972, by D. Barnett.in Morgan County. Determined by D. Barnett and confirmed by P.H. Freytag. This is a new county record. (Barnett). MINNESOTA - Metropolitan Mosquito Control District, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and 6 surrounding counties, reported first pupation on April 17. Through April 18, 3,500 acres of mosquito breeding area treated with ground equipment and 1,500 acres by air. In selected Aedes breeding sites, 188,000 flathead minnows released. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestation remains stable on 3,000 Leghorn chickens in housed operations in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - OKLAHOMA —- Adult reproductives swarming in several areas of Payne and Washita Counties for first reports of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AMERICAN BLACK FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium audax) - NEBRASKA - Collected by J. Engebretsen infesting house in Harrison, Sioux County. Determined by S.D. Koinzan. This is a new county record. (Keith). BENEFICIAL INSECTS CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa in Roger Mills County. Numbers not increasing - fast enough to control Acyrthosiphum pisum (pea aphid). (Okla. Coop. Sur.) . FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Infested 300+ properties at Carlsbad, San Diego County and 4 properties at San Clemente, Orange County. All infestations treated including buffer zones of 17 properties and 70 hosts. (Cal. Coop; Rpt.) . COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Survey located 544 infested properties on 131 blocks in Delano, Kern County. Eggs hatched with second-instar crawlers present in Porterville, Tulare County. Preparations and survey for release of beneficial insects in biological control program underway. (Gaile Coop’. Rpt.)i. GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Egg hatch observed under roof edge in Upper Black Eddy, Bucks County on April 16. No hatch observed in Schuylkill County by April 16; adults of Ooencyrtus kuwanai (an egg parasite) abundant on egg masses in this area. (Buzzard). - 239 - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - One larva collected on wild cotton at Plantation Key, Monroe County March 28. (la. . Coop. Sur). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Eggs per square foot and adults per 100 sweeps by county as follows: Mason 1 and 7 (wheat); Jackson 3 and 6 (barley). Eggs averaged 1 per square yard in wheat in Wood County. (Hacker). MICHIGAN - Adults and eggs observed on wild grasses in Berrien County, April 18. (Berger). DETECTION New United States Records - A CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLE (Penthelispa rufipennis) - HAWAII - Oahu. SEPSID FLY (Sepsis thoracica) - HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 241). New County Records - A PENTATOMID (Thyanta yerma) ARIZONA - Collected by S. Kozloski in black light trap at Willcox, Cochise County, August 10, 1970. Determined by Rolston. (Ariz. Coop. Suc.) 5 AMERICAN BLACK FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium audax) NEBRASKA —- Sioux (p. 239). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) CALIFORNIA - San Benito (p. 239). A MOSQUITO (Culex restuans restuans) KENTUCKY - Morgan (p. 239). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(10):129 -—- MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS - A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus minimus) - VIRGINIA - Collected on Carduus mutans (bristlethistle) ... should read "'Collected on Carduus acanthoides (plumeless thistle) ..." CEIR 23(13):190, 191 - Make following changes in GRASSHOPPERS: Melanoplus sanguinipes (190); bottom page 191 - Ageneotettix deorum and Aulocara elliotti. z LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS ARKANSAS - Mississippi (County), 4/11-17, BL - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 63, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) 8, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) 4. FLORIDA - Gainesville, 4/13-19, BL - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) 1, CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) 2, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia sSubterranea) 2. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 3/1-4/19, 2BL -— Armyworm 120, black cutworm 16, granulate cutworm 4, SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) 4, variegated cutworm 15. OHIO - Wooster, 4/13-21, BL - Black cutworm 1. TEXAS - Waco, 4/16-19, BL - Armyworm 72, granulate cutworm 7, variegated cutworm 48, YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 4. - 240 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Records - A CYLINDRICAL BARK BEETLE (Penthelispa rufipennis) Eight adults collected February 10, 1972, by C.J. Davis under bark of Eucalyptus tree at Honouliuli Forest Reserve, Oahu. Determined by R.D. Pope. This is a new United States record but is not known to occur in the continental U.S. (Funasaki). A SEPSID FLY (Sepsis thoracica) numerous Specimens collected by G. Toyama at Kahua Ranch, Honouliuli, Oahu March 2, 1973. This species is widespread over Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions. Larvae of sepsids live in excrement, carrion, and -other kinds of decaying animal and vegetable matter. Determined by D.E. Hardy. This is a new United States record but is not known to occur in continental U.S. (D.E. Hardy). General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) extremely heavy in greenhouse tomatoes and see-qua a Pupukea; unusually light in 8 acres of watermelon at Waianae; less than five percent of foliage lightly affected. (Kawamura). Fruits - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) generally light in 100+ acres of passion fruit at Kahului, Maui; about 70-80 percent of leaves with 2-6 mines, one per- cent of leaves with as many as 30 mines. Infestation in this planting gradually increasing in the past 2 years. (Miyahira). General Pests - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) infestation light in 8 acres of nearly mature Sweet corn at Pupukea, Oahu; less than 10 percent of ears with early instar larvae. Trace in 6 acres of roses at Waianae, Oahu; approximately 2-3 percent of buds with eggs or early instar larvae. - 241 - Weather of the week continued from page 234. Snow extended southwards over the central and southern Rockies and portions of adjacent Plateau regions. Snowstorms brought more | than 5 feet of snow during the week to an Alta, Utah ski area. Saturday, thunderstorms and tornadoes continued to ravage the Midwest. Large hail pellets struck eastern Kansas, northern and | western Missouri and eastern Iowa. Three-inch hail struck Liberty, in west-central Missouri. A persistent weather front, Seemingly anchored to the central States touched off another episode of violent thunderstorms Easter Sunday. Lower and middle Mississippi Rivers were on the rise again as a result of the persistent rains. A crest of 42.5 feet at St. Louis expected Thursday would establish a new flood stage record, surpassing the all time high of 42.0 feet April 1785. TEMPERATURE: Warmer temperatures than average prevailed over the eastern half of the Nation last week while in the western half readings were as much as 12 degrees colder than normal. A strong high pressure system centered over the middle Atlantic coast brought unseasonably mild temperatures from New England to Florida on Monday, April 16. Temperatures in the eastern third of the Nation held in the 60's as far north as Michigan. Record high readings for the date were recorded in many parts of the northern Atlantic States, including 79 degrees at Buffalo, New York, Boston, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut. In the West a cold front extended from northern Idaho to northwestern California whild another cold front dipped from the western end of Lake Erie to extreme southern Texas. Tuesday saw a continuation of the unseasonably mild temperatures from the eastern Gulf to New England. Portland, Maine recorded a record high temperature for the second consecutive day. In the West the mercury continued to drop below freezing in the Rockies and stayed ccoler than average in most other spots. Wednesday, cold air flowing into the Northwest behind a snowstorm resulted in below freezing temperatures from Oregon and Nevada to Montana. The coldest spot in the Nation Wednesday morning was Reno, Nevada with 19 degrees. Mild to warm weather prevailed from the Mississippi River Valley to the Atlantic coast. The high of 70 degrees at International Falls, Minnesota was 22 degrees above normal. Seventy-degree temperatures reported as far north as northern New England. Thurs- day, freezing temperatures extended through most of the northern Plains region with the mercury dipping into the teens in parts of Colorado. Warm air had spread from Mexico into the southern Plains. The temperature reached 101 degrees at Laredo, Texas. Hot winds blowing dust reduced visibility from the Texas Panhandle across Oklahoma. to eastern Kansas. Friday and Saturday saw a continuation of the cold spell in the western portion of the Nation and an extension of the heat wave in the East. Saturday an unseasonably warm reading of 80 degrees was recorded in scattered locations in the eastern half of the Country. The 87 degree reading at Rochester, New York set a new record high for the day. Easter Sunday was almost too hot for spring bonnets in the East while ear muffs were necessary in parts of the West. New record high readings were recorded on April 22 at Albany, New York, 86 degrees, Boston, Massachusetts, 84 degrees, and Providence, Rhode Island, 83 degrees. Meanwhile temperatures aropped below freezing over much of the northern Plains and Rocky Mountain area. - 242 - Boll Weevil Survival Survey Spring 1973 Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per sample) have been completed in three Southern States. Wherever possible, samples were taken from the same loca- tions that were sampled in fall 1972. The number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults per acre of ground trash examined and the percent survival are reported in the following paragraphs. For details of the fall (1972) hibernation survey in these three States, see CEIR 23(7):75-78. Collections in MISSISSIPPI were started February 26 and all exam- inations completed by March 2. Three samples were taken from each location, and 7 or 8 locations were sampled in each county. Two counties made up each area and the State was divided into the following areas: South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties), Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties), North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties), and Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties). Forty-five samples were taken from 15 locations in each of the four areas. The average number of weevils per acre was 270 in the South Delta, 108 in the Central Delta, 216 in the North Delta, and 5940 in the Hill Section. The State average for 1973 was 283 compared with 783 in 1972, 864 in 1971, 229 in 1970, 810 in 1969, and 540 in 1968. Percent survival in 1973 by area was 55.56 in the South Delta, 200 in the Central Delta, 8 in the North Delta and 19.60 in the Hill Section. These are all higher than the Survival rates for the same areas in spring 1972. The winter of 1972-1973 was relatively mild and wet in the area. The lowest temperature recorded at Stoneville was 21 degrees F. on January 11 and 12. Total precipitation at Stoneville during the period November 1, 1972, through February 28, 1973, was 29.50 inches, about 9.5 inches above normal for this period. (Pfrimmer). Survey in northeast LOUISIANA was March 6-20. Collections were made at 45 locations in the 5-parish area as follows: Madison 20 locations, Tensas 10 locations, and 5 locations each in East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. A total of 135 samples was taken. The average number of weevils per acre of trash by parish was Madison 323, Tensas 732, East Carroll 1,290, West Carroll 484, and Richland 1,290. This is an average of 645 boll weevils per acre for the 5-parish area. Winter survival for the area is 25.69 percent compared with 40.05 percent in Spring 1972. In Madison Parish, where these records have been maintained for the past 38 years, there have been only six years when the number of weevils surviving the winter was less than in spring 1973. The 323 weevils per acre is an 8.8-percent survival of the 3,670 weevils per acre entering hibernation in fall 1972. Rain occurred on 33 days during the period December 8, 1972, through March 6, 1973. Total rainfall during this period was 24.10 inches, with 7.27 inches recorded March 6-20 when ground trash samples were collected. The largest amount recorded during a 24- hour period was 3.26 inches January 21. There were 26 days during this period when temperatures were 32 degrees F. or less. On seven of these days the temperature was 25 degrees or lower. There were - 243 - five days when the temperature did not exceed 32 degrees, one day when the temperature did not rise above 25 degrees. The lowest temperature recorded was 20 degrees on January 13. (Cleveland et awe). In central TEXAS, spring trash collections were begun March 5 and all examinations completed by March 15 in Falls, Hill, Lime- stone, and McLennan Counties. Three samples were taken from each location, and 6 or 7 locations were sampled in each county; 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in these 4 counties. The average number of weevils found per acre was 134 in Falls County, 134 in Hill County, 134 in Limestone County, and 115 in McLennan County, with an area average of 129 per acre in spring 1973. The percent survival was 17.4. This compares with 23.3 percent in 1972, 59.8 percent in 1971, and 15.7 percent in spring 1970. In the 14 years the survey has been conducted, only in 1964 has there been an indicated lower spring survival (average of 97 weevils per acre) than in 1973. Percent survival was lower in 1973 than any year except 1968 and 1970. Winter weather in the area was colder than normal. Subfreezing temperatures occurred on 38 days with a minimum of 4 degrees recorded January 12. For the period November 1, 1972, through March 15, 1973, total rainfall was 10.16 inches which is normal. (Cowan). See table and map on following pages. - 244 - BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEY - SPRING 1973 Area (State and County) Number of Weevils per Acre 197 197 MISSISSIPPI South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties 918 270 (area 1)). Central Delta (Washington and Leflore 324 108 Counties (area 2)). North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties 432 216 (area 3)). Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties 1,458 540 (area 4)). LOUISIANA Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East 2,456 645 Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes). TEXAS Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and 969 129 McLennan Counties). - 245 - ySei} punoarzs Jo azoe I3ad STTAXAM [TTLOqG AAT = EL6L ‘9VS-EPZS: (LT) ES = SdOINsty f “ady ‘suzy ‘uooq ‘doog ‘a3y ‘ideq *gs'n ovs . = 91Z EZ6T DNIUdS AGAUNS ‘IVATAUNS ‘TIAZHM 'T'IOd 246 . ae . - ie U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE YA 20782 PV ATT SMICCE “MARY ANID) 2078 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 A ARLES SMITHSONIAN INST eee Cooler Crops. owes: O OG. 610.0 ; 253 Hawaii Insect Report......:.. eRe snoenencacKen sitet hota sisiienerave shone Monene sj stot DEG CieVOnipenerencr neteio so ene oceans Spensueore Aiicroiainsow c.ucor0 Cc HoodadDoG° Papen 740% « Beneficial Insects DOO HINDU GeG Dob OGD UD UU OO ODDO OC cibood0o000 Sole 6ABe Federal and State Plant Protection PrOSrams .lai. > i aA I We ESS ~ ns { ° om 1 Gaye ts! oN 6st } (e) o I Sse oA Wwe qwooN i Oo nN ~ SY BIG ES 0 O Pt ow ! aN ~ oa on +s fe tS) govt GP) Nw SOI Saw ed 3mNO SS { a rom | o ed 3 N oNW mM 19 ; 1 © qo cans! N 4 Ow IN I | < ON 4 Ss HO OM too YY od © i a AN cal o AP LN ten a0 AQ ' = St > Pp Ar oD SS ay VS Ho ws S j n+ NM Po HE a o Fo AHtO ~ a elie i 1 = [on] =| & fol <3 & ea & " = <= & 1 = a a is) HB 2 OHIO ! iw) QQ Periodical Cicadas - Outlook for 1973 3rood XIII of periodical cicadas (17-year race) is scheduled to appear this year in the northern half of Illinois, the eastern quarter of Iowa, the extreme southern portions of Wisconsin and Michigan, and the northwestern corner of Indiana. Cicadas should appear suddenly in late May, and for about 6 weeks will fill the contryside with their remarkable song, mate, lay eggs in twigs, and pass away as suddenly as they appeared. Brood XX, the 13-year race of periodical cicadas, is also cheduled to appear at scattered locations in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. This brood has not been collected in recent years and is thought by some entomologists to be non- existant. This gives anyone in the areas indicated on the map on the next page the opportunity to contribute to the knowledge of this brood. As these insects are difficult to determine since the group was revised, Dr. R.C. Froeschner, Federal taxonomist, is anxious to receive specimens for determination. These may be sent to Dr. Froeschner, Department of Entomology, U.S. National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 90560. We are interested in obtaining all records possible, particularly the date of appearance, and your help will be appreciated. If you hear or see this insect, please submit the record of the exact. location and date to Dr. Froeschner. Please include specimens if possible. For maps on occurrences of Broods XIII and XX, see following page. Table of Coincidence of Broods of Periodical Cicadas XXII 1962 1949 1936 1923 XXIII 1963 i 1950 1937 1924 ee | Ea XXV 1978 q 1965 1952) 1939 1926 Ta | === Bale XXVI 1979 | 196 9\ 6 1953 1940 XXVII 1980 1967 1954 1941 2 ER Rae ae Heat Ee XXVIII 1981 1968 a 1955 1942 — XXIx |1995 i982) | 1969 1956 1943 a + XXX 1996 1983 1970 1957 —— i + XVIII | 1997 1984 1971 1958 mene iva | aes ale XIX | 1998 1985 1972 1959 ae in Al — 2001 1988 1975 a “| XXI 2013 | 2880 | 1987 1974 oe a XXII | 2014 ——___;—__+_— =; XXIII 2015 2002) 1989 1976 | wee XXV 2030 2017 2004 1991] pease + XXVI 2031 2018 ii 2005 1992 a ieee ae XXVII 2032 2019 2006 1993 ——} XXVIII | 2046 2033 2020) 2007 1994 [es sae | XXIX a 9 Xxx 2048 te 2035 2022 2009 13-year race 17-year race t—_-=— / Ne co ‘ f—--— f = We =) “f y tL ---=-- Ne iararrinnesi pete to---~------) { ‘ ‘ ' J ' ‘ 1 1 4 4 he--------- t i t Periodical Cicadas > --4 WC 7-- os Brood XIII Brood XX Agr. Ins. Rpt. 1973 Dept. 277-278, U.S. Coop. Econ. 23:(19) : Prepared by Pest Survey and Technical PPQ, APHIS. Support Staff, —_ SS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 20782 HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 2078 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 7 0001 0004 SMINLISMIA122 3403 SMITHSONTAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 A lol. 23 NO. 20 May 18, 1973 ge ae! me? Ln. Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QU &4&RANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 May 18, 1973 Number 20 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMY CUTWORM caused moderate to heavy damage to alfalfa in south- west and south-central Oklahoma. (p. 281). EUROPEAN CORN BORER first-generation population potentially heavy in west-central Minnesota; few adults in blacklight traps in Delaware. (p. 281). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM damage to sorghum decreased in south-central Texas. (p. 282). ALFALFA WEEVIL heavy and damaging alfalfa in southern Oklahoma, southeast and central Kansas,and southern Missouri; increased in western areas of Illinois and throughout New Jersey. (pp. 283- 284). SPRING CANKERWORM larvae active in shade trees in Nebraska, damage moderate to heavy in south-central Oklahoma. (p. 288). MOSQUITO larvae moderate to heavy in Minnesota; very heavy in backwaters in western Tennessee. (p. 289). Detection A THRIPS reported in Florida is a new Continental United States record. Previously known in Hawaii. (p. 287). New State records include a GALL MIDGE in Pennsylvania (p. 288), THRIPS in New Jersey (p. 285) and Georgia (p. 287), a TORTRICID MOTH in Pennsylvania (p. 287), and two WEEVILS in Georgia (pp. 280, 290). For new county records see page 291. Special Reports Whitefringed Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending May 11 unless otherwise indicated. - 279 - CONTENTS Speciale insects) of Regional) (Silomast veanCern. ieiers ccieneeraien eee cic 281 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...281 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.285 Smarel Gr aan Sears eke cene eisicrer sees 282 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...286 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..282 Ornamentals............. ste eae Forage Legumes....... os coe 282 Forest and Shade Trees......287 COEOMN «Cobb OSG Ont Sree sos aes 284 7Man- and Animals. o..5 2-28 BO oe) Sugar Beets..... Godonadood -285 Miscellaneous Wild Plants...289 -Miscellaneous Field Crops..285 Bene£ieciad. IMSS CUS ossisvsusiens iter snes suse ia ope leveusideucysuskonene’ sfsasseueiue seceepegevenenee 290 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs < ij..c:c...6s sence ero 290 DEC CEPOM ESS sas a ana sevad susler ee, Sues Chee waaele ferent Sivcher cue aio selte ver, Ste. eae Weeents + oheite waters 291 Light Trap Collections Sea saber o does AGosoo gas ecmes ashes deEe encterche genes 292 Hawadd (PnSeel REPO espe ae sescleuewey sys uencneolla: Sueieuelelecenccencn en ineeneaee ee OLS Corrections. osiicd gordskel gegevens teysialtants Rowe! she nate tel euedewoewereusmcie aeons aol sone cackouses 293 Whitefringed “Beetle Quarantines. Map. ‘Centerfold. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MAY TO MID-JUNE 1973 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-May to mid- June is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in the upper Mississippi Valley, the Great Plains and central and southern portions of the Plateau region. Below normal temperatures are indicated for the central and south Atlantic Coast States. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the south Atlantic Coast States and northern New England. Subnormal totals are indicated for the southern Plains, the Plateau region, and the south Pacific coast. Elsewhere near normal amounts are in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 14 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: West of the Rockies, precipitation was either totally lacking or very light. The flooded Mississippi Valley, where 13.6 million acres lay under a flood last Monday, received from 0.8 to 2 inches of rain and hail. Areas in the water-logged Deep South got from 2 to 4 inches of unneeded and unwanted rain plus some hail. Monday, a Low Overs Iowa created a front that situated itself about over Mississippi. While it rained in the Mississippi Valley's northern half, severe thunderstorms, large hail, tornadoes, and damaging winds struck southeast Texas, Touisiane. Arkansas, and western Tennessee. Weather of the week continued on page 294. =) PATS SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Larvae ranged 3-95 per plant in 5,000 acres of alfalfa in Madison and Beaverhead Counties; 50 percent of larvae less than one-half inch in length. This is same area infested in 1972. (Pratt). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy and damaged alfalfa in several southwest and south-central counties. Moderate in small grains in Jefferson and Love Counties and in gardens in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OKLAHOMA - Light in wheat in Walters area, Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Small larvae very light in orchard grass in southwest area. Averaged less than 0.5 larva per square foot in all fields checked. (Munson). OHIO - Moths increased sharply in light traps. Only 10 percent as many moths caught in 1973 as in same period in 1972. (Rings). MARYLAND - First larvae of season found in Dorchester County; second instars in lodged areas of wheat. No infestations found outside this area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults ranged 2-3 per night in blacklight trap collections in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Reported on sorghum in Karnes, Wilson, and Guadalupe Counties. Light activity noted on grain sorghum in Falls County. No economic damage reported. (Cole, Vahalic). KANSAS - None found in wheat or volunteer sorghum seedlings checked in Ellis County or in wheat in Greeley County. (Bell). MISSOURI - Light in orchard grass in southwest area. Ranged 1-2 small colonies per plant in spots within 3 of 7 fields checked. (Munson). MINNESOTA - Averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in blue- grass alleys between field plots at St. Paul. All were apterous and ranged from second instar to nearly mature. Some overwintering eggs began hatching about April 4. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Overwinter- ing populations much lighter than in 1972. Potentially heavy first- generation populations exist mainly in west-central district. June weather conditions will influence density. Overwintering mortality generally light, but pest should not be as serious a threat as in recent years. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae pupating in sandier soiled areas of western Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Pupation about 50 percent complete in cornfield in Tippecanoe County. (Hogg). DELAWARE - Few adults, less than 1 per night, in blacklight traps in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). ALABAMA - Pupation occurred in all corn stalks examined in several fields in Blount and Morgan Counties. (Houston et al.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ALABAMA - Surveys for this pest and D. crambidoides (Southern cornstalk borer) showed about 12 percent of larvae survived the winter in old corn stubble in Blount and Morgan Counties. No pupation to May 11. From 10 to 20 percent of stalks infested. (Houston et ale) CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND - First adults of season found in early corn near Salisbury, Wicomico County. About 200 acres of newly emerged corn with 1-3 adults per 50 pillamibsecCUir. Midi.) Emit), Dept») - 281 - CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MINNESOTA - Caused estimated $7,232,700 loss to 1972 corn crop in State. Statewide populations and damage should be about same as in 1972. Populations will again be heaviest in southeast district and to lesser extent in southwest district. Fields with cropping history of corn for 2 years or more will most likely have problems. In 1972, 30 percent of corn acreage grown for grain in State was treated with soil insecticide for corn rootworm control. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Damage to sorghum in south-central area south of Austin decreased. (Cole). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NORTH DAKOTA - One alate per 100 sweeps of winter rye in Richland County; first of season. (Brandvik). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per head in wheat in Cotton County. Very light and scattered in northwest counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Population levels well below economic levels; expected to remain so. Counts throughout State ranged 1-15 per 10 sweeps in barley and wheat. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Larvae ranged 0-6 per linear foot on wheat in Kiowa County. No visible damage except where counts heaviest. (Hogan). OKLAHOMA - Remained light to moderate in wheat in Cimarron County. Few fields still being treated. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - TENNESSEE - Surveys in McMinn County negative in area of severe damage in 1972. (Mullett). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA - Ranged up to 66 adults per square foot in sod field near Omaha, Douglas County, May 4. (Kindler). WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum) - UTAH - Infested antelope bush and other wild shrubs in range area between St. George and Hurricane and north of Santa Clara in Washington County. (Davis). Caused spotty damage to shade trees in some areas along Virgin River. (Hubner). FORAGE LEGUMES PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Ranged 240-800 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 400-2,000 per 10 sweeps in untreated alfalfa in northwest area. Light in southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - No economic infestations seen in al’ alfa. Few significant populations reported in some fields in Sumnez: and Harper Counties. (Bell). ARKANSAS —- Counts remained at extremely low level for time of year. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Ranged 20-300 »ver 10 sweeps in untreated alfalfa in south-central and southwest areas. Most counts 20-40 per 10 sweeps with only 2 fields in high range. (Munson). ILLINOIS - Populations still light and noneconomic throughout area surveyed. Heaviest counts averaged 50 per sweep in Greene County. (Glia Ins pit) - 282 - ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults totaled 4 and 471 per 100 Sweeps on alfalfa in 2 fields in Nazareth area of Northampton County April 25. Pinholes found in small number of leaflets; few eggs also found. (Valley). NEW JERSEY - Adults present in many alfalfa fields. Counts of one adult per Sweep common in Burlington County May 3 and Hunterdon County May 4. Many oviposition punctures noted in leaves. (Ins.- Dis. Newsltr.). VERMONT - No evidence of presence in alfalfa found to May 9. (MacCollom). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Ten pheromone traps in lower Yakima Valley averaged 2.9 adults (range 1-6). In Walla Walla area 170 adults taken in 45 of 49 traps; averaged 26 each (range 1-336). (Halfhill). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larvae increased in alfalfa in Fallon area, Churchill County; highest counts ranged 25-30 per sweep and damage apparent. Ranged O-2 per sweep in Lovelock area, Pershing County. (Arnett). UTAH - Light to moderate in alfalfa in St. George and Hurricane areas of Washington County. (Hubner). Average counts per square foot in Cache County: Adults 1, eggs 244, and larvae 48 at Richmond; eggs 300 and larvae 92 at North Logan. (Davis, Nebeker). WYOMING - Adult activity very light in alfalfa in Powell and Heart Mountain areas of Park County. (Burkhardt). TEXAS - H. postica larvae, pupae, and adults found in alfalfa in Wichita and Wilbarger Counties. Larval populations heavy in some fields. Damaged hay crops in Motley and Fisher Counties. Some growers treating. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Most alfalfa in southern half of State cut; reports indicate larvae heavy and destroying all regrowth in many areas. Many producers treated stubble. Newly emerged adults heavy in southwest area. Infestations continue heavy in northeast and north-central counties, some producers cutting early. In northwest counties, larvae ranged 700-2,050 per 10 sweeps in untreated alfalfa; many fields being treated. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Larval counts heaviest of season on alfalfa; estimated at 4,000-5,000 per 100 sweeps in untreated check plot on University farm in Washington County. (Boyer). KANSAS - Damaging infestations common in alfalfa in southeast district except in Greenwood, Butler, Woodson, and Allen Counties. Early cutting common in Sumner and Harper Counties in south- central district where 25-30 percent defoliation common. Occasional damaging infestations noted in alfalfa surveyed in Miami, Linn, Anderson, and Coffey Counties in east-central district. Large number of pupae seen in cut fields in Sumner and Harper Counties; in one cut field larvae ranged 3-4 per stem in stubble between windrows. Counts lighter under alfalfa in windrows. (Bell). MISSOURI - Heavy populations reported throughout southern areas; most untreated alfalfa has been completely defoliated. All stages found in fields checked in southeast, south-central, and south- west areas. (Munson). WISCONSIN - Hypera postica egg hatch well underway, but oviposi- tion somewhat curtailed. No eggs found on second-growth alfalfa. Few second-instar larvae swept from some fields; occasional adults taken by daytime sweeping. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Populations in alfalfa increased greatly in some areas, especially in west and west-southwest districts. In untreated fields where larvae ranged 1-10 per sweep 7 days ago currently ranged 30-50 - 283 - per sweep; most evident in Adams and Scott Counties. In fields in Champaign, Livingston, and Ford Counties, directly east of Adams County, Hypera postica larvae ranged 0-12 per 100 sweeps. Area of potential damage is south of line from Henderson County to Douglas County. Alfalfa in this area ranged up to 20 inches in height and within 14 days of cutting. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Adults ranged 4-10 per 20 sweeps May 4 with first larvae reported on May 9, both in Ingham County. (Ruppel, Kaiser). INDIANA - Based on 35 fields sampled in 5 counties, leaf surface of alfalfa lost to feeding estimated to range from average of 15 percent in Harrison, Washington, and Jackson Counties in south-central district to 30 percent in Dubois County. Overall range from less than one percent to 80 percent loss per field. In northern districts, most fields had fewer than 30 percent of terminals showing feeding. Damage light, however, as most larvae second instar or younger. (Huber et al.). KENTUCKY - H. postica larvae averaged 400 and 600 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at 2 locations in Pendleton County. Alfalfa about 10 inches high; foliar loss ranged 20-25 percent. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Based on 11 fields sampled in 9 counties, infested tips ranged 1-50 per 50 tips sampled. (Robinson et al.). VIRGINIA - Based on 13 fields sampled (104 acres) in 6 counties, tip infestation of alfalfa less than 6 inches tall 97 percent. Average estimated defoliation 22.5 percent. Two fields of those sampled exceeded economic threshold of infestation (25 of 50 tips infested or 50 percent defoliation). Alfalfa 7 inches in height or above averaged 22 percent defoliation with 45 percent of fields exceeding threshold of 20 percent defoliation. (Allen et al.). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults 5 and larvae 12 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Randolf County. In 20 acres sampled in Pleasants County, infestation averaged 74 percent with 10 percent defoliation noted. (Cutlip). MARYLAND - Heaviest infestations still restricted to Frederick, Carroll, and Howard Counties. Damage above economic thresholds (50 percent) observed in 150 acres of 600 acres surveyed. Some sprays applied in these counties. Most alfalfa acreage over State remains lightly infested; larvae ranged 50-200 per 10 sweeps with tip injury of 5-30 percent. However, damage expected to increase due to abundance of early instars in fields. First cuttings have begun in several counties with remainder to occur next 21 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Appears to be on increase in alfalfa in State. Larvae ranged 3-5 per sweep in many Burlington County fields May 3. Warning of heavy infesta- tions made in Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland County area. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate in vetch in early bloom in Jefferson and Love Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - MISSISSIPPI - Leggett trap catches increased in nondiapause program area of Webster County; averaged 34.7 per trap for 18 traps. In diapause control program area, catches averaged 4.8 per trap (16 traps) in Grenada County and 4.5 per trap (19 traps) in Yalobusha County. (Robinson). ALABAMA - Live weevils plentiful in Leggett traps during week ending May 4 in Macon and Lee Counties. Counts appear heavy for this time of year compared to most previous years. (Gilliland et alae) ae - 284 - SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - WYOMING - Pupation 90 percent complete in Powell area and 70 percent in Heart Mountain area of Park County. No adult emergence in these areas or in Worland area of Washakie County as of May 10. (Burkhardt). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - OREGON - Populations again heavy and caused economic loss to peppermint in central area. Surveys indicate varying population densities in most plantings in Jefferson and Crook Counties. Heavier infestations generally located south of Madras and in Culver City area of Jefferson County. Sampling around periphery of weak spots in unplowed mint revealed average larval counts of 3-6 per square foot (range 0-15) with 4 per square foot common. Small percentage of larvae in Madras area appear about full grown. (Penrose, Bowman). A THRIPS (Taeniothrips frici) - NEW JERSEY - Collected in suction trap from asparagus at Mullica Hill, Gloucester County, June 17, 1971, by D.J. Prostak. Determined by K. O'Neill. This is a new State record. (Prostak). T. frici occurs in California, Oregon, Washington, and Hawaii in the U.S. Also known from Australia, New Zealand, Madeira Islands, Uruguay, Chile, Portugal, Romania, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Italy, U.S.S.R., Palestine, and central Asia. Hosts include calla lily, calendra, false dandelion, and dandelion in U.S. T. frici feeds on Chondrilla ambigua, C. pauciflora, and C. brevirostris in U.S.S.R. As far as is known, this thrips does not damage agricultural crops. (PPQ). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - WASHINGTON - Adults found in home garden at Washougal, Clark County, April 26. Presence not noted in area for 25 years; believed by home gardener to have been present on potatoes in 1972. (Wessler et al.). MARYLAND - Eggs deposited in Prince Georges, Somerset, and Worcester Counties. Heaviest adult counts in commercial potatoes ranged 1-3 per 100 plant tips. Feeding on newly emerged sprouts ranged 0-2 percent in all fields surveyed in Somerset and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Very heavy larval populations defoliated potato plantings in Bakersfield area, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 285 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - OREGON - Adults collected in pheromone traps at Corvallis, Benton County, Hood River, Hood River County; and The Dalles, Wasco County. Collections about 30 days earlier than in 1972. First cover spray should not be applied before 90 percent petal fall. (Penrose). OHIO - First adults of season caught in pheromone trap during period May 1-5. This is about 10 days earlier than in 1972. (Hall). REDBANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MICHIGAN - Moth activity declined rapidly since April 28; trap catches decreased from 150+ per trap to 10-20 moths per trap through May 2. Probably due to variable weather rather than peak emergence. Egg masses observed. (Sauer). MASSACHUSETTS - Male adults ranged 8-11 per trap in treated and abandoned orchards in Easthampton and 6-57 per trap at Belchertown. (Jensen). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations in some peach, prune, and plum orchards developed into problems as result of weather conditions that prevented dormant treatment. Crawlers emerged and needed control in some serious infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Eggs began to hatch by May 7; few adults still laying eggs. (Bowman). CONNECTICUT - Nymphs easily found on pear trees in New Haven. (Savos, May 8). MICHIGAN - First-generation nymphs active on pear since April 30 in southwest counties. Hatch began in Grand Rapids area, Kent County, May 2. (Sauer). WASHINGTON - Summer adults appeared May 2 at Wapato and Donald, Yakima County. (Johnson et al.). Eggs and first and second-instar nymphs appeared at Green Bluff, Spokane County, May 3. (Eves, Chandler). EUROPEAN APPLY SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Adults very heavy on apple blossoms at Storrs; also seen at New Haven. (Savos, May 8). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MAINE - Overwintering eggs began hatch May 3, about 2 weeks earlier than in 1972. (Gall). CONNETICUT - Adults on fruit trees at Woodstock, East Lyme, New Haven, and Storrs. No eggs seen. (Savos, May 8). NEW JERSEY - Summer eggs found May 7 in several southern area apple orchards. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - CONNECTICUT - Adults and eggs abundant on fruit trees in Storrs; some foliar damage evident. Few found in trees at New Haven. (Savos, May 8). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Activity increased in south-central area. Treatments in counties south of a line from Brazos to Travis Counties should be applied between May 12-18. Eggs, larvae, and few nutlet entries observed in Bastrop County. In Rolling Plains area, heavy damage by A. caryae overwintered larvae noted on pecan trees in Clay County. Larvae heavy in pecan trees in Wichita County near Iowa Park. Inspection of pecan trees in Wilbarger County showed large numbers of larvae present. (Boring et al.). - 286 - *sUTTpUueY poqRmosord ZoyIO IO SUTUBSTI L91Ze UOTIVISEFUT 03 posodxs jou FT Adwoxg xxx LoVDedsut ue WOLF pouTeigo oq Aew SoeTIOJZeLTOGeT poAOoAdde 02 se UOT}eEWAOFUT yy ‘OPIS 9SIOAST 9} uO ,,SOTITIy peLe[Nsey Fo JUSWSAOW UO posoduy sUOTIITIASEY,, 99S *poTZtT}JOU OS us0q SeY FOSITSY UOTSSesSsod uT Uuosied 93y. pue ‘soTI90q posutzzo Tym FO peords Fo pxrezey e jyUussead Ady. 3eY? I0}D0edsuUT Ue Aq POUTWI9Z9p ST JT UsYyM S9AOGe 9Y4} AG PEeTOAOD OU ‘SISASOS}ZEYM LOIeILYS Aue JO sdueADAUOD FO SUvOW IO ‘SdTITIAIe *SzZONpord I9yZ0 Auy °*¢ *[TOs po.oedwuosuoU ‘dsoOoT [Te Fo poues,Ts Ft ydwexs st yuowdtnbo B3UTAOW-[TOS peztTueYyoou pos *quowdtnbs SUTAOU-[TOS pozTUeYydOW posn °Z “Ttos yng ‘T * -GHLVOIGNI SV LIddOxd dNnouw TUVAA LIWYHd YO ALVOISILYSO V auINOAY SvaUuV (ANTA) GYLVINOAY ALVIS GNV (NH3Y9D) AAISSHYddNS WOU GHAON SHTOILYV GSLVINOTY ONIMOTION SHL *petFt}ou Os useq sey FOOLEY. UOTSsSessod uT uoszZed 9y. pue ‘sdTI90q pesutzzeitym Fo peords Fo pzezey e yuosoad Ady ey TOJDedsuUT Ue Kq PeuTUISZOp ST ZT USYyM foAOqGe OY. Aq POTSAOD JOU ‘ISASOSIEYM TODeITeYS Aue JO 9dueX9AUOD FO suvOW IO ‘soTOTIIe ‘szONpord ZeYy0 AUy = °ZT *[TOS po.oeduosuOU ‘asoOoT TIe FO pouvets Jt yduexs st yUowdtnbe Sutaouw-[tos paztueysou poesn er Arann nr RIT rer cen A ee ewan en. COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED; COUNTIES WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. GENERALLY INFESTED AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. (ERADICATION TREATMENTS NOT IN PROGRESS OR PLANNED. ) SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS. ) STATE REGULATIONS ONLY. (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS. ) ERADICATED--REGULATIONS REMOVED. z RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON THE MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: 16s RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE, OR WHITE. GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. w Shr GREEN INTO GREEN. 4. GREEN WITHIN GREEN®. Da BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA, ° WHEN IT IS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD OF SPREAD EXISTS. °°ONLY WHEN REQUIRED BY STATE QUARANTINE REGULATIONS OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR L' INSPECTOR OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES. E QUARANTINES TION SERVICE P e Beri es he N Ma Q 2 m Rea, 2i 2 »,* SS: > 5 RY 5 es ISB 3 s gf ‘ CBSE, Bek ft) ees See aT ee E Se iS iA (ee ie & 2 oe Soy ay Net el \ BSS es ee Re ne NL a —Mowms pus key" s *poos ownsoT[ pue ‘utTers ‘ssezs3 poueoToun °3g *sznueod peyseor Io potTtoq ydeoxe ‘s—TToeys ynueed pue sTToys ut sqynuesg °/ *poqsoarey ATYSorTy UsyM (YSTI[) s90}7e30g °9 *poinoun IO pazsearey ATYSeTFZ usym SzueTd [Te}JUoweUIO FO SXOqn}, pue ‘soWwOZTYI ‘swIOD ‘sqrng onzry, °s *uotzesedord LOZ S}OOT pue SUMOID YURTGg ‘LP ey GG "pos sserg °S}00I YIM SiURTYG *SLOUTeUOD TeBUTSTIO ut poddtys pue ‘poseyoed ‘poredoid ATTetsTOWMMIOD FIT ydwexe st [TOS 3UTI10g *possorduods 10 ‘poztzeatnd ‘punor3 ‘pojyerpAyop FT xxx 2dWoXS ore Zeod pue ‘snuny ‘ornuew posodwodep ‘4soduo0j xx °PIULOd IO 92BOTFTIIOD FO YUOWYDeIIe OAITNbor JOU Op soT1o0oZeLIOGeT porvoxrdde 03 peddtys sotdwes [tos *ssUTY} TOYO YIM IO ATOeIedES qeod pue ‘yonw ‘snumy ‘ornuew posodwosep ‘ysodwod ‘TtIos °T x ?QHLVOIGNI SV LddOxXd GNNOY-YVAA LIWNYHd YO ALVOIATLYSO V aumnody Cag SVAUV GHLSHANI ATTIVYENED WOUA GHAOW SHTOILYV GALVINOFA ONIMOTIOA FHL o PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Relatively large numbers of larvae and 2 adults found in soil under pecan trees in Clay County orchard about 1 mile northwest of Henrietta. (Boring). ORNAMENTALS A THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) - FLORIDA - Collected on 7 occasions at 5 locations in Volusia County from rose, Pittosporum tobira, Ligustrum japonica, blackberry, and viburnum by J.N. Pott. Earliest collection from rose at Daytona Beach April 19, 1967. Determined by S. Nakahara. This is a new United States record, (Mead). GEORGIA - Collected 5 times in Spaulding County during 1970 as follows: On sasangua October 23 and 31, and on camellia October 23 by H.H. Tippins; on blue sticky board August 11 and September 22 by R.J. BeShear. Determined by S. Nakahara. This is a new State record. (BesShear). These are the only known infestations in North America. Species is polyphagus and widely distributed in the Orient, southeast Asia, India, Pacific Islands, and Hawaii. T. hawaiiensis has been reported damaging orchids and as a minor pest of garden beans in Hawaii. (PPQ). A TORTRICID MOTH (Clepsis fucans) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae collected on azalea at Wind Gap, Northampton County, January 3, 1973, by L. Semmel. Pupated January 15, adults emerged January 24, Determined by R.W. Hodges. This is a new State record and first record for eastern North America. (Valley). AN ARMORED SCALE (Aonidomytilus solidaginis) - FLORIDA - Taken February 7, 1973, on Iva imbricata in nursery at Hobe Sound, Martin County, by E.W. Campbell. This is a new county record. Cilla, Coos Sires) 4 FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Epidemic which began upSwing in August 1972, damaged estimated 12 million board feet and 72,000 cords of pine timber in central and southern Piedmont to April 1, 1973. Salvage to date limited to 30 percent due to excessively wet soils. Current outbreak extends from Virginia southward to Georgia and Alabama and westward to Texas, and constitutes worst in many years in Southeast. (Va. Div. For., March Rpt.). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and eggs collected on Douglas-fir in Upper Mifflin, Cumberland County, May 3. Woolly masses abundant and noticeable on about 100 percent of 2 acres of trees in Christmas tree plantation. Eggs also present. (Wert). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - PENNSYLVANIA - Spittle masses evident in 200-acre overgrown Christmas tree plantation of Scotch pines 15 feet tall near Yellow Creek State Park east of Indiana, Indiana County; 25-50 percent of twigs infested. (Simons). Nymoh collected on Scotch pine in Camp Hill, Cumberland County, May 1. (Wheeler). TENNESSEE - Light on loblolly pine in Fayette County; very heavy on Scotch pine in Same area. (Locke). = ANS) A GALL MIDGE (Thecodiplosis pinirigidae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Galls collected from pitch pine in Mont Alto, Franklin County, March 8, 1973, by B. Towers. About 1 percent of trees six feet tall with 70 percent of needles deformed in 2-acre infestation. Determined by R.J. Gagne. This is a new State record. (Kim). A PSILID FLY (Chyliza annulipes) - VIRGINIA - Twenty-six puparia collected from under pitch tubes on Pinus virginiana (Virginia pine) in Smyth County, January 16, 1973, by J. Severt. Puparia held in laboratory until adults emerged January 30. Determined by | G.C. Steyskal. (Copony). Species known from North America only by | record from Massachusetts dated 1920 and one from Virginia, the | source of which is unknown. Larvae of the family Psilidae are phytophagus, living in roots and stems of plants and under bark of trees, gaining access through wounds. Known wild hosts in North America are Lupinus, Pinus, and Ulmus, and in Europe, Carex, Juncus, Neottia, Orobanche, Scabiosa, and Spiraea, Adults rest on foliage and herbage, mostly in Shady Situations. Psila rosae (carrot rust fly) is the most injurious species in the Family. (PPQ) . SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - NEBRASKA - Treatment underway in Boone and Nance Counties. (Hames). Activity on shade trees increased in Lincoln, Lancaster County. Larvae ranged third to fourth instar May 11. (Keith). OKLAHOMA - Damage moderate to heavy to elm, hackberry, and sycamore in Cleveland, McClain, Garvin, Murray, Carter, Marshall, and Love Counties past 14 days. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) - MICHIGAN - Adult emergence about 15 percent during late April in Genesee County. Severe infestations on oak in Ingham County appear to be heavily parasitized. (Sauer). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NEBRASKA - Tents common in southeast, central, and northern crop districts on wild Prunus spp. and on occasional fruit trees. Numerous on Prunus spp. in Thomas County May 5. Determined by L.L. Peters. This is a new county record. (Barber). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - KENTUCKY - Damaged trees over about 2,000 acres in Muhlenberg, McLean, and Hopkins Counties. (Nordin). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - KANSAS - Few adults and egg masses noted on Siberian elms in Shawnee County. None found on elms checked in Riley County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Eggs numerous on Siberian elms in Payne and Major Counties, larvae appeared in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Stenoscelis brevis) - GEORGIA - Collected on Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) in Clarke County June 24, 1967, by R.T. Franklin. Determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (Franklin). Recorded hosts include bay, dogwood, elder, gum, hickory, ironwood, maple, oak, poplar, and other deciduous species. (PPQ). AN ARMORED SCALE (Hemiberlesia diffinis) - FLORIDA - Adults collect- ed March 6, 1973, on Persea Sp. (red bay) in Palm Beach County by W.H. Pierce. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sure ic - 288 - MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochiomyia hominivorax) - Total of 28 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. during period April 29-May 5 as follows: Texas 13, Arizona 15. Total of 208 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. during this period totaled 85,416,250 as follows: Texas 71,140,000; New Mexico 2,962,500; and Arizona 11,313,750. Total of 83,629,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - Larvae, mostly H. bovis (northern cattle grub), averaged 1.9 per animal on backs of Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Annoying cattle in all areas west of Kent and Prince Georges Counties. Counts increased Slightly; heaviest counts ranged 10-40 per head. Most dairy herds- men applying chemicals to dairy stock. Horses and beef cattle host heaviest counts. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSISSIPPI - Populations still at low levels with less than 1 per face in Lee and Monroe Counties. (Robinson). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Population slightly below 1972 records for time of year; averaged 50 per cow in Oktibbeha, Clay, Monroe, and Lee Counties. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per head on cattle in Payne and Major Counties. Moderate in Comanche County and light in Beckham, Pawnee, Nowata, and Oklahoma Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - WYOMING - Ranged 19-152 (averaged 73.6) per head on ewes and 7-18 (averaged 12.6) per head on lambs in Albany County. (Pfadt et al.). MOSQUITOES - WYOMING - Aedes spp. larvae hatching in temporary pools in Albany County. (Forcum). TEXAS - Adults of Culex sgalinarius, Psorophora confinnis, and P. ciliata taken at Pleasure Island, Jefferson County. (Thompson). MINNESOTA - Rains of April 30 to May 2 resulted in moderate to heavy brood of A. vexans, most prolific and troublesome species in State. Now in second and third instars. Control efforts during past few weeks all but eliminated early single-brood Aedes in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District. Controls now directed toward eliminating present brood of A. vexans. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Larvae of various Species very heavy in backwaters of western area. (Locke). A BLACK FLY (Simulium venustum) - NORTH DAKOTA - Annoyed horses along Sheyenne River in Cass County; averaged 25 per ear on 8 head during sunny periods of day. (Brandvik). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - NEBRASKA - Migratory flight observed May 10 in Hamilton County moving south to southeast. Counts ranged 10-30 per mile while observer traveled at speed of 60 miles per hour across flight pattern. (Roselle). UTAH - Migration caused much interest throughout State past 21 days. Flight very heavy through Salt Lake, Weber, Tooele, Davis, Box Elder, and Cache. Counties May 5. (Knowlton). Flight continued May 8 from Utah County through Box Elder and Cache Counties, but was much lighter. (Bohart et al.). This was heaviest adult spring —) Ashe) = migration through Utah County in 20 years. (Phillips). IDAHO - Large numbers of adults observed in vicinity of American Falls, Power County, May 5. Had disappeared by May 7. (Schow, Sandvol). NEVADA - Larval infestations heavy on various plants in yards and gardens in Las Vegas and Boulder City areas, Clark County. Larvae migrated into business establishments from depleted or drying food supplies and caused concern in Las Vegas area, Clark County. (Zoller). A WEEVIL (Perigaster obscura) - GEORGIA - Adults taken in light trap at Robins Air Force Base, Houston County, March 16, 1973, by J: Horvath. Determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (Owens). This weevil has been recorded from Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. (PPQ). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A MYMARID WASP (Anaphes flavipes) - MICHIGAN - This egg parasitoid of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) collected in Berrien County May 10, 1973, by P.R. De Witt. Recovery made from host eggs found on wild grasses. This represents the sixth consecutive year for recovery of A. flavipes after release in Berrien: County, (Burger). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Adults present in most northwest area alfalfa. Ranged up to 4 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur's): CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and larvae common in most untreated alfalfa in northwest area. Ranged up to 10 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Qulema melanopus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Three adults per 100 sweeps on wheat in Peters Township, Franklin County, May 2 and in North Woodbury, Blair County. (Maxwell). WEST VIRGINIA - Averaged 2 eggs and 2 second-instar larvae per square foot of oats and 4 adults per 100 sweeps of wheat in Mason County. Averaged 1 egg per square foot in oats in Upshur County. Adults 4 per 100 sweeps, larvae 1, and eggs 2 per square foot of oats in Cabelle County. (Hacker). MICHIGAN - Eggs ranged 2-3 per 10 wheat stems in field near Berrien Springs, Berrien County, May 3; wheat in 4 to 5-leaf stage and 12-14 inches high. Adult activity deterred by cold weather; no larvae seen. (Webster). First and second-instar larvae observed on wild grasses near Niles, Berrien County, May 9. (Burger). GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops hesperius egg hatch heavy with 100-200 nymphs per square foot in Wanrhodes Canyon, Utah County, ranged from second instar to full grown May 8. (Haws). NEVADA - Nymphs and adults of Irbisia brachycera ranged 30+ per clump of wild rye and wheatgrass on rangeland in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Light hatch occurred in Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties. First-instar nymphs of Melanoplus bivittatus and M. sanguinipes averaged less than 1 per square yard in roadsides. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Expected to be moderate to heavy in small areas of east-central, central, - 290 = west-central, and south-central districts. Alfalfa and other forage crops will be primary host plants. Late April egg mass survey in Kittson and Marshall Counties revealed some heavy roadside and field margin concentrations of egg pods. Certain areas in western parts of these counties can expect substantial numbers of grasshoppers to emerge. Farmers Should be prepared to treat to prevent infestation of nearby grain crops. Primary species in area will again be Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper). Egg development indicated major hatch will start in late May. Adverse weather could influence hatch and early nymphal development modifying the outlook somewhat in all areas. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ARIZONA - Migration of Trimerotropis pallidipennis from desert areas at Willcox, Cochise County, increased. Adults numerous at lighted windows of retail establishments at Nogales, Santa Cruz County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Few first-instar grasshopper nymphs swept from alfalfa May 8 at Lewiston, Nez Perce County, and at Manns Creek, Washington County. (Gross, Kambitsch). WASHINGTON,- Cool weather slowed hatch and development of M. Sanguinipes, M. bivitattus, and Oedaleonotus enigma in eastern areas but economic populations still developed in some areas. Rangelands in Franklin and southern Benton Counties show first and second-instar nymphs ranged 8-50 per square yard. Infestation covers about 80,000 acres from Plymouth west to Alder Creek. Hatch continued in Walla Walla, Whitman, and Adams Counties. Economic counts noted only in Penawawa Canyon of Whitman County. (PPQ). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - First egg hatch April 19 in Providence County, April 30 in Washington County ; 90 percent of larvae feeding in Providence County and 50 percent in Washington County May 1. (LaFrance). CONNETICUT - Larvae ballooning in large numbers in eastern area. Many nuisance complaints. Second-instar larvae noted feeding on trees and blueberry blossoms in Storrs area. (Schroeder, Savos). DETECTION New Continental United States Record —- A THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) — FLORIDA -— Volusia County. (p. 287). New State Records - A GALL MIDGE (Thecodiplosis pinirigidae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Franklin County. (p. 288). THRIPS - Taeniothrips frici —- NEW JERSEY - Gloucester County. (p. 285). Taeniothrips hawaiiensis - GEORGIA - Spaulding County. (p. 287). A TORTRICID MOTH (Clepsis fucans) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Northampton County. (p. 287). WEEVILS - GEORGIA - Perigaster obscura - Houston County (p. 290); Stenoscelis brevis -— Clark County (p. 288). New County Records - ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Aonidomytilus . solidaginis - Martin (p. 287); Hemiberlesia diffinis - Palm Beach (p. 288). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Ma lacosoma americanum) NEBRASKA - Thomas (p. 288). = 2b TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT ARKANSAS Kelso 5/3-9 Gainesville 5/7-11 FLORIDA MISSISSIPPI (County) Washington 5/4-10 NEBRASKA (County) Clay 5/4-10 OHIO Wooster 5/4-10 TENNESSEE (Counties) Hardeman 5/7-11 Haywood 5/7-11 Washington 5/7-11 292 - Waco 5/7-11 TEXAS | | | | | | HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pastures - Larvae of GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) caused light, spotty damage in few pastures at Haiku, Haiku, Maui; ranged up to 5 per square foot in infested spots but overall average less than one per square foot. Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly) parasitized 2 percent of larvae, Casinaria infesta (an ichneumon wasp) parasitized another 2 percent of larvae. Pastures in other areas on Maui free of H. licarsisalis activity. (Miyahira). vs Fruit and Nuts - Larvae of a BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) heavy in wild and backyard avocado trees in Honaunau, Hawaii; 50+ percent of terminals infested on many trees. Mortality of avocado seedlings and saplings observed. Infestations also noted in twigs of coffee, litchi, cashew, avocado, and Euphoria longan at experiment station in Kainaliu. (Davis, Yoshioka). LITCHI FRUIT MOTH (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) larvae moderate in half-ripe litchi fruits in Kaimuki, Oahu. Larvae feeding within soft seed of fruit. (Funasaki). Man and Animals - MOSQUITO collections from 58 light traps operated on Oahu during April totaled 314 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 619 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches heaviest (168) at Kahaluu, Culex catches heaviest (94) at Kahana. (Vector Control Br., State Dept. Health). Beneficial Insects - A LADY BEETLE (Harmonia conformis) recovered along Mauna Loa Strip Road, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and appears to be established in Acacia koaia Sanctuary, Kohala, Hawaii. Larvae noted on young Acacia terminals heavily infested with Psylla uncatoides (a psyllid) in these areas. H. conformis first released in Kohala in January 1973 and at Volcanoes National Park in February 1973 to aid in control of P. uncatoides. (Yoshioka). Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) remained under good control on Maui and Kauai. One hundred percent of bean fly pupae collected from various beans at Puunene and Waikapu, Maui, parasitized by a BRACONID WASP (Opius importatus) and a PTEROMALID WASP (Halticoptera patellana). On Kauai, 38-100 percent of bean fly pupal samplings from snap beans and cow peas from 5 localities parasitized by H. patellana, 0. importatus, or O. phaseoli. (Miyahira, Sugawa). MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella arvae infested 33 of 100 fruits of Melastoma malabathricum (a noxious weed) inspected; 500 terminals revealed larval infestation of 28 percent. On Kauai, fruit examined showed 41 percent larval infesta- tion at Hanahanapuni, 21 percent at Knudsen Gap, and 34 percent at Kapahi. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(18):256 - PINE FALSE WEBWORM (Acantholyda erythrocephala) PENNSYLVANIA - “Egg masses and single male moth collected ..." should read "Egg masses and single male collected ..." A. erythrocephala is a webspinning sawfly (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae). This was an editorial error. (PPQ) CEIR 23(19):275 -— HAWAII INSECT REPORT - General Vegetables - line seven "... a TORTRICID MOTH (Amorbia emigratella) ..." should read "... MEXICAN LEAFROLLER (Amorbia emigratella).. = BS) = Weather of the week continued from page 280. Trimble, Mississippi, reported 3 inches of,rain in 12 hours. In Poplar Bluff, Missouri, a tornado overturned boxcars and winds up to 90 m.p.h. were reported. Tuesday, thunderstorms spread into the Ohio Valley and the Eastern Gulf States. In Geraldine, Alabama, a © tornado touched down and killed one and injured 18. Portions of Georgia and Alabama had flash floods. Late Tuesday the storm moved on to the East Coast and dumped more rain while it cleared over the Corn Belt. The Corn Belt enjoyed one clear day before the whole show repeated itself. A strong system developed and intensified over the northern Rockies early Wednesday. Late Wednesday, severe weather returned to the upper Mississippi Valley. In St. Wendell, Minnesota, a tornado touched down and caused one death, 1l injuries, and ravaged a trailer camp. A mid- western Low continued to drift east until it reached the Missis- sippi where it broke up into a freak collection of small High and Low pressure systems which scattered around the Nations midsection. Omaha, Nebraska, reported winds up to 60 m.p.h. Golf-ball sized hail pelted Columbia, Missouri, 0.75 inch of rain fell in Missis- sippi flood area, at St. Louis, 3 inch hail struck Bernie, Missouri. Afternoon tornadoes struck three States. At Mansfield, Ohio, a tornado killed one person and damaged a motel and homes. Friday, violent thunderstorms reached south into Kentucky and Tennessee. Two tornadoes visited each State. Marble-size hail pelted an area near Harrison, Arkansas, where winds of almost 50 m.p.h. were reported. Winds of 89 m.p.h. were clocked at the Birmingham, Alabama, airport. The Corn Belt remained cloudy all day; rain was light and scattered. Saturday, a large High over the northern Rockies brought clear weather to the Central States. Sunday, clear, cool weather extended to the Appalachians. Cloud- iness remained over the upper Mississippi Valley. Light rain fell over Lakes Erie and Ontario, light snow blanketed upper Michigan. Otherwise thunderstorms were widely scattered across the Nation, notably the Florida Peninsula and across the central and southern Rockies. TEMPERATURE: Most of the Nations midsection and the Northwest spent a cooler than average week mainly due to a High moving south from Canada into the Dakotas. Higher than average tempera-— tures prevailed over most of the east and west coasts, gulf areas, the Deep South, and parts of the Corn Belt and the Southwest. Monday and Tuesday morning temperatures were mild. A few scattered areas fell below freezing, mainly near the Canadian border and higher Rocky Mountain elevations. Wednesday was fair and pleasant over the Nation, it did get cold enough to snow in western Washington. During the night, temperatures dipped to 29 at Butte and Lewistown, Montana; Douglas, Wyoming; and Salmon, Idaho, because cold air pushed in from Canada. In the Nations southern third, however, Thursday temperatures reached the 80's and 90's. They pushed above the 100 mark in the California desert. Miami Beach, reported a record for May of 96 degrees. Friday, cool Canadian air streamed into a tier of States from the Pacific Northwest to the northern Appalachians. Afternoon highs reached the 40's and 50's from North Dakota to the upper Great Lakes. Saturday, cold air was centered east of the northern Rockies where the thermometer fell into the 20's around sunrise. The cool air spread east. Marquette, Michigan had a high of 38 Saturday, 29 below normal. Sunday was unseasonably cool with readings in the 40's as far south as northern Louisiana. The Pacific Northwest was unseasonably warm. Portland, Oregon, recorded 92 degrees, 24 above the normal high for the date. OA Ae Tf U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 SM. SMIA122 34n9 ABIES Smtmmsens Tf TUTTON Lio WASHING Ton SEN INST C 20560 Moles23 NO. 21 S77 May 25, 1973 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE is DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, andindustrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 May 25, 1973 Number 21 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions En ce Pt aig ARMYWORM larvae damaging et grains in central and east-central areas of Georgia. GREENBUG heavy on sorghum seedlings in central Oklahoma, appearing on sorghum in south-central Texas. (p. 297). CORN FLEA BEETLE infestations on newly emerged corn heaviest in several years on central Eastern Shore of Maryland. DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE heavily damaged young corn and sorghum in extreme southwestern Utah. MAIZE BILLBUG and another billbug damaged field corn throughout southern South Carolina. (p. 298). ALFALFA WEEVIL development slow in some areas due to cold, wet weather. Damaging alfalfa in Texas and Oklahoma; populations heavy in Oklahoma and western Illinois; treatment and cutting reported in several areas. (pp. 300-302). BOLL WEEVIL emergence heavy in Alabama and southern Georgia. kp. 302). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE still serious problem in North Carolina. Damage by a CONIFER SAWFLY very light in Kentucky and Tennessee due to unusual weather conditions and resulting high mortality of immatures. (p. 305). ¢ PAINTED LADY adult migration continued heavy in Western States. Coeeao7 ya Detection New State records include a SOFT SCALE in Delaware (p. 304) and a WEEVIL in Maine (p. 306). For new county records see page 310. Reports in this issue are for week ending May 18 unless other- wise indicated. - 295 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance............. o, ei esreetenotone 5ST Insects Affecting Corn; Sorghum, Sugarcane... 298, Colle) Crops). a-i: 5 eo een 303 Sma da Gran Sys scree sues ers eden 298 (CWCUrbDiLtS'. eis cece ere 303 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...299 General Vegetables........ A520} Horace Me sumMe Sic a seer uicerore 299 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...304 CORTON a ey ahes. eve: tayie e ahiouo te: ebemenehonars 302) Ornamen\ta sii aver A as clomOes MODACCOM ac ieencrekederG susvaleescueueneush 302 Forest and Shade Trees...... 305 Miscellaneous Field Crops. ..302 Man /and Animals su. s4 oe ase 306 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.303 Miscellaneous Wild Plants...307 Beans and) (Pealsi. . ei. a cies eter scene 303 Stored Products...... Miresen sc 6 308 Beneficial: TINS CS 6 (Fox)? MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 46 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. during period May 6-12 aS follows: Texas 13, Arizona 27, New Mexico 5, and California 1 (reported from Riverside County, first case of the calendar year) .| Total of 634 cases confirmed from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. during this period totaled 91,453,800 as follows: Texas 76,813,800; New Mexico 2,850,000; Arizona 11,790,000. Total of 85,533,500 sterile flies released in Mexico, (Anim, Health). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - Larvae, mostly H. bovis| (northern cattle grub), averaged 2 per animal on backs of Holstein! dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). 4 FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Still most annoying livestock fly species in central area. Counts ranged 10-40 per head on beef and dairy stock. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA - Ranged 1-3 per head on beef livestock in Boone County. (DeWitt). IDAHO - Annoying herd of Hereford cattle in Moscow area, Latah County., Above normal pinkeye incidence reported in area. (Hagedorn). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Increased to 100-300 per head on untreated beef and dairy herds throughout southern area, Reported increasing in Wilcox County. (Farquar et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 200+ per head on beef cattle in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Activity increased in Throckmorton and Wilbarger Counties. Light to moderate infestations of 50-200 per animal observed on cattle in these counties. Very heavy on cattle in Brazos County; averaged 2,000 per animal. (Boring, Green). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 250 per head on cows and 1,000 per head on bulls in Payne County. Moderate in Nowata, Pawnee, and Oklahoma Counties and light in Blaine and Tillman Counties. (Okla. | Coop. Sur.)., NEBRASKA - Averaged 50 per animal in Lincoln, Logan, and McPherson Counties. (Campbell). UTAH - Moderate on cattle in warmer areas of Washington County. (Huber). MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - Moderate to heavy brood resulting from rains of April 30-May 2 now mostly third instar with some fourth instars. If nights continue cool, adults will emerge in about 7 days. Metropolitan Mosquito Control District reports larvae heaviest in Scott and Dakota Counties, (Minn. Pest Rpt.). KANSAS - Adults abundant in certain areas of Manhattan, Riley County. (Bell). UTAH - Troublesome to man and livestock in St. George, Bloomington, and Washington areas and along Virgin River in Washington County. (Huber), - 306 - BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Severe on livestock and man May 10 in Addison County prior to heavy rains. "Clouds" of flies drove woodsman from work. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND - Adult females biting humans, numerous in vicinity of breeding streams in Washington and Providence Counties. (Field, Stelle). KANSAS - Adults heavy in certain areas of Wellington, Sumner County, and caused much annoyance to residents; some treating reported. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Heavy along Mississippi River and along streams in Gentral area, but not biting. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - WYOMING - Ranged 9-34 (averaged 25) per head on lambs, 7-161 (averaged 88) per head on ewes on one flock; on second flock, ranged 16-82 (averaged 40) on lambs and 2-24 (averaged 10) on ewes in Laramie County. (Pfadt et al.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on flock of laying hens in Greer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in McCurtain County, light on dogs in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) GULF COAST TICK (Amblyomma maculatum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in ears of cattle in several areas of Nowata County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - WASHINGTON - Adult migration heavy at several locations; no larval damage to thistle reported. Heavy flights noted at Vancouver, Clark County. About 20 adults per mile of road travel observed in Benton County. C. cardui also observed in Spokane and Whitman Counties. (Harwood et al.). OREGON - First adults noted in West Salem, Polk County, indicating species northward migration reached north-central area. In subsequent days, reports widespread in Willamette Valley. Motorists reported "clouds" of butterflies along Interstate Highway 5 between Wood- burn and Wilsonville afternoon of May 15. Adults also seen east of the Cascades near Culver, Jefferson County, May 16 and observed laying eggs on upper leaves of peppermint. C. cardui is generally considered beneficial since its primary hosts are thistles. Occasionally, however, when occurring in heavy numbers, larvae can cause local damage to artichoke, mint, beans, and ornamentals. (Westcott, Penrose). NEVADA - Larvae heavy, migrating into yards and cultivated fields in Dixie Valley, Churchill County, and in Silver Springs area, Lyon County. (Bechtel). IDAHO - Adult flight of 7-10 miles wide occurred May 14 between Rigby, Jefferson County, and Idaho Falls, Bonneville County. Forced motorists to have windshields washed for safe driving. (Gooch). UTAH - Adult migration sporadically noticeable throughout northern and central areas. (Knighton et al.). MONTANA - Flight widely spread over east side of Gallatin Valley near Bozeman, Gallatin County. (Pratt). WYOMING - Flight heavy in Albany County. (Spackman). COLORADO - Mass migration moving north in northern part of State. (Colo. Pest Sur.). = B00 STORED PRODUCTS RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Taken from home in Lincoln County. Identified by B. Kantack. This is a new county record. Previously collected at Chester, Lake County (1929), and Vermillion, Clay County (1940). (Jones). BENEFICIAL INSECTS CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - NEBRASKA - Adults of this species and Coleomaegilla maculata ranged 0-12 (averaged 3.7) per 100 sweeps in 8 alfalfa fields in Dawson County. (Manglitz). A MYMARID WASP (Patasson luna) - OHIO - Parasitized 25 percent of all alfalfa weevil eggs sampled in Wayne County. (Horn). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - ILLINOIS - Adults of this alfalfa weevil parasite averaged 150 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Douglas County. (111. Ins. Rpt. HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - UTAH - Winter colony losses ranged 8-60 percent in commercial bee yards; averaged about 40 percent. (Nye). Orchardists in central and northern areas concerned about inadequate fruit pollination as A. mellifera and wild bees less numerous than normal. (Davis). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS BEET LEAFHOPPER (Curculifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spring nymphal treatment completed. About 27,177 acres sprayed on west side of Kern County, about 29,751 acres treated in Kings, Merced, and Fresno Counties. Treatment of roadsides underway in Kern County. Leafhoppers moved to lower areas adjacent to cultivated erops., (Cals «Coops Rpts); CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Averages of larvae and eggs, respectively, per square foot by county (host in parentheses): Pleasants 5, 2 (wheat); Putman 2, 4 (oats); Cabell 3, 2 (oats). (Tustin, Hacker). KENTUCKY - Surveys negative in Christian, Logan, Todd, Trigg, and Warren Counties. (Greene). TENNESSEE - All surveys to date within State negative. (Gordon). GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Egg masses in Sibley County in coagulated stage. Melanoplus femurrubrum and M. sanguinipes dominant. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Nymphs per square yard ranged up to 9 in Burleigh County, up to 4 in Morton County, and 12 in Williams County field margins. Development ranged from first through third instar. M. Ssanguinipes, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii dominant species. (Brankvik). SOUTH DAKOTA - Generally light hatch began in warmer and drier areas in southwestern part of State. Some M. confusus taken in Custer, Fall River, and Shannon Counties. In Gregory County, first-instar nymphs of M. Sanguinipes and M. bivittatus light, less than 2 per square yard. East of Missouri River, in Charles Mix, Douglas, and Hutchinson Counties, M. bivittatus just began to hatch, less than 1 first- instar nymph per square yard. (Zimmerman). =) 308 i= NEW MEXICO - First-instar nymphs on rangeland between Artesia and Carlsbad, Eddy County, averaged 13 per square yard week ending May 11. Heavy on rangeland 5 miles east of Tatum, Lea County. Nymphs averaged 15 per square yard and adults 8 per square yard. Lighter on rangeland in Cottonwood area, southern Chaves County, and 5 miles north of Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Scattered egg hatch and some scattered overwintered adult activity observed in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Huber). OREGON - Rangeland grasshopper survey May 9-11 showed possible economic levels at Several areas in northern Morrow and north- western Umatilla Counties. Nymphs averaged 19 per square yard on about 19,800 acres on Umatilla Ordinance Depot in Umatilla and Morrow Counties. Also heavy on portions of northeastern sector of Boardman Naval Bombing Range, Morrow County. (Brown). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MAINE - In spite of general presence in 1972, populations appear light this year. Egg hatch began in southern and central areas in late April and early May. Only few reports of infestations received. (Gall). RHODE ISLAND - First and Ssecond-instar larvae feeding and damaged emerging oak leaves in Providence County. (Field et al.). PENNSYLVANIA - Hundreds of wind-swept first and second-instar larvae observed at Kutztown Airport, Berks County, on aircraft and glider wings and on several hundred feet of paper placed on ground for calibrating insecticide coverage by aircraft. Early instar larvae also swept from. wheat in Lehigh County May 10. (PPQ). On May 10, 970 acres, mainly oak forest, treated in Bucks County for larval control. Treatment also applied in Berks County. (Blippey). DELAWARE - First and second-stage larvae on birch and beech in northern New Castle County. (Burbutis). MICHIGAN - Egg hatch 50+ percent complete in 200-acre core area of high egg mass density in Isabella County. This area treated for third time May 15. (Smith, Menzloff). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae fed on grass roots within one-quarter inch of crown in Providence County, damaged turf in Kent County week ending May 11. (Relli). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Caused light to moderate damage to Colquitt County tobacco. (French, Belisle). ALABAMA - Larvae damaged stands of corn and peanuts in several fields in Geneva County. (Reynolds). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Second treatment of infested areas in Carlsbad, San Diego County, and in San Clemente, Orange County, completed. Five infestations now known in Orange County. Surveys continue in these areas. (Cal. Coope rapt.) « = 309) = HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) adults moderate on eggplant fruits and larvae moderate on bell pepper fruits at Waikapu and Kahului, Maui. (Miyahira). Nymphs and adults of a MEMBRACID (Antianthe expansa) heavy on stems of Cestrum nocturnum (night cestrum) in Lanikai, and heavy on Tomato plants at Ewa, Kaneohe, Lanikai, and Honolulu (Palolo), Oahu. (Davis et al.). LEEK MOTH (Acrolepia assectella) larvae . infested about 25 percent of green onion leaves in older planting ~ and 5-10 percent of leaves in younger planting at Waikapu, Maui. (Miyahira). Fruits - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) moderate _ (averaged 2 per terminal) on 6 mountain apple trees in Kaneohe | and Nuuanu, Oahu. Defoliation of terminal foliage very evident. | WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) nymphs heavy on stems and © twigs of Osteomeles anthyllidfolia (ulei), a native shrub with | edible fruits, at Polipoli Springs, Kula, Maui, at elevation of 2,000 meters. (Miyahira). Beneficial Insects - A LADY BEETLE (Coccinella septempunctata) , purposely introduced from Okinawa in 1958, becoming one of most common predators of aphids on Oahu. Adults and larvae heavy in various areas on variety of aphid infested plants. Known to occur only on Oahu, two lots recently released on Hawaii Island in three macadamia orchards to aid in control of Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid), which is heavy on macadamia racemes. (Kawamura). Miscellaneous Insects - Several adults of an ICHNEUMON WASP (Pachysomoides stupidus),,a parasite of Polistes wasps, collected on mustard cabbage leaves at Kahului, Maui. P. stupidus first reported in State on Oahu in 1970. (Kawamura). DETECTION New State Records - A SOFT SCALE (Pulvinaria fioccifera) - DELAWARE - New Castle County. (p. 304). A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus aristatus) - MAINE - Knox County. (p. 306). New County Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonida paeoniae) SOUTH CAROLINA —- Richland (p. 305). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) VIRGINIA - Culpeper (p. 304). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG BUG (Philaenus spumarius) TENNESSEE - Campbell, Claiborne, Fentress, Morgan, Scott (p. 299). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) SOUTH DAKOTA - Lincoln (p. 308). - 310 - TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT Dell 5/9-15 Kelso 5/9-15 ARKANSAS ioe) q ! wt q SS ite) o = q “d > n Oo fa “A Gs} oO FLORIDA ILLINOIS (County) Ogle 5/8-14 INDIANA (County) Lawrence 5/3-9 KENTUCKY Lexington 5/12-17 = 7) (ie) Pein P| aa 2) el om ow Rw oO as Ok mS mo On pa = 311 Oceana 5/11-18 MISSISSIPPI Stoneville 5/11-17 MISSOURI Platte City 5/10-16 NEBRASKA (County ) Clay 5/9-17 OHIO Wooster 5/11-18 OREGON (Counties) Linn 5/10-16 Marion 5/10-16 Washington 5/10-16 Hardeman 5/14-18 Lake 5/14-18 TENNESSEE (Counties) Washington 5 /14-18 *4Sv0U} ION eyd ynoysnoarzy} 9pts ATTTYyO ey uo peuUTeUot 1t ynq ‘Svore FINS ySoOW paeodeaique jeoy ‘Seaasap ZO OTesuy ueg pue seerisep POT peyoredt OTY Ted ‘sexaL, ut ATQeaaptsuod pe yeay aeyzVeM 9Yy} ‘pus -YO9OM OY} TOAO *pueTUT paysnd ate oTyToOeq usyM ayoriq uos919 pue uozySuTYysSeM ut [Teds yoy ay} ‘Y}ZAOU 94} OL *SeTpeeN pue syyATA pTp se ‘soorsep GOT 18 pexeq TeuseyL ‘etuatoytpTed ul *penutyuoo yVoy aesuezUT ‘4Say OY} UT ‘wW'd Z 4B Soorsep OF pey vovyYI ‘plod poutewot vote ayy uooUurTe,septu Ul “SeuTT aeMod pue sdaaitz pouMop yotym MOUS FO SayouT 9g pey ‘HAIOK MON ‘eZUOCSUO ‘pa&ty}z usozSeo S,uUOTJEN OY} YNOYSnNoOAYy} saanyz -vizoduo} MOT paooaxr uo poumMep AvpTaq *S,0g8 OF $,09 94} UT Soanzeredus}, ucoUTEyFe YYTM ABp ayttTsutads e pekofue yseayyznog oyL, “Ap TTe ‘yaoXK MAN fasnoearhS Le YAVU Surzoory sy. Avou peteaoy Aanoazow 9y4y ! plod peuTeUat 7Seoyz,AON eyL *a1ep 24} TOF MOT paODIT Mou vB SOSROTYO ye soorsoap peg 03 peddtp Aanoazow 94} AvpsanyL ‘soorsap OOT Ssutddo}, eruasogzttTeg ut sevaare yI9Sep YIM £}4S9OM 94} poyreu yeoy owaazxa eTtym SyyNog sy} pe},eUTWOp AeYyZVEeM OYTTSuTaAds OLOW "MOUS 9T}}TIT & AOF YSNoue uvstTyotTH ugey}yaou FJO BSuTTTTYO ‘uUOTYeN 94} FO SpaTyy -OM} UtTa1Sev9 94} YdOMS S}ZUOTF pTOo FO Setaas e ‘Vp oy} UT JazVT ‘Saeersep PE ‘eTUTSATA ‘ayouvoy ‘eTUTSATA 1S9M ‘SUTYTH “Seeasep GZ se MOT Sve ‘Sjutod Aueuw 7B papsodaeT aTeM SAIN, -eiedua} MOT paooey “MOT S,UOTLEN OY ATOZ ‘ABP -Soupoy Soor8ep gz yy ‘etueATASuUag ‘pazoypearg cow “diab remmiste 4 *pie@azSeoa penut}Uuod prod sul *seomsep 6G peyAT0dea SyAOq puery yyZAOU SeTTu Og 2TTYM ‘*u'd zg 4e Soorsap Tg pe,ATOdet OSAIey *ucoUtaLFeptTu Sutanp v,OHReG YYAON YSsnorzy, pessed yuoAy oy, *“APTTLeA tddtsstsstyw atoddn ay} OFUT ATe pTOo eAOCAp ‘epeurD IeAO UOT} VUTqUOD UT ‘MOT pue YSTH wv ‘YZAOU 9Y4} OF *uOSvaS 94} UT 24¥T OS TOF ABAD }YSAMOT OY} ‘SeaAtsap 8g peptooea ‘sesueysy ‘Y}TUS “44 "ATPPTW S, UOT LEN ey} FO ySOW TOAO pPTOD Avepsony, dey Ssutetd 944 JOAO patez,ue, YSTH Vy ‘TeVwtou sAoqe saeersep OZ ‘S,08 ey} OUT paatvos S8utpeart uoouteyFe aTAYM £}SeMY.AON OTFTOVgd 94} poOpeAUT S}AEeSAap UTSZSOMYZNOS 9Y} WOAT SuIMOTJ Ate TowreM *S,09 pue S,OG 94} UT pouTeMeTr pue[Ssuq MON 0} 219Y} WOTF Semmyzereduay uwooussz TV *soorsep cg 4ITy ‘Sexay ‘yooqqny 3e YySsty uocoUTeLs;eV eyuL ‘TeVutou mMoTeq Seovtsap OF eTpueyUeq SexXd], 9yy urT Svore ydaey SpnotTo AAvoyH ‘ABpuo_ poyrew uotynqt.14 -STp oanjzerzedusy arieztq y “Avepsanyy, etueaTAsuusdg pue 410K MON FO Szyaed ut TTeF MOUS FO SayouT 9 01 Gg woag ‘AepsoupoM ‘eTsaz005 ‘ej,UReT}Y 1B Sesuadap 6g pue ‘euetTstnoyT ‘suvaeTaio MON 7B SeeTSep OP TLIF soanjvdsoduay, *Tewxzou MoTeq SearTsep ZIT 0} Saaadap 9 poutewasr TddTSSTSSTW ey} FO 7Sed UOTIVN 94} FO YSOW *YO9OM OYT[T4IOLUTM 4YSouTe ‘ppToo we paouetazedxe 4seq oy. 1Se1,U09 UL *S,06 MOT pue S,0g 94} UT Sainz, esedus, ysty ATTensnun paepszo0sae1 uose19 pue u0oz.SUTYSeM ureysem {Sseaie .AASap sWOS UT S2edAsap OOT AeAO 4ty Aanoszow oyL *‘TeMITOU sAOGe SaarTsap ZI 0} Seaasap 9 WOIt poSuet votre oy} FO YSOW *paATy} ust9zSaM S,UOT7TEN Oy} UT waeM ATQeuoSseesunN SVM JI -AUNLVYAdMNAL ‘96g OSed wory panut}uod. Yyoom oy} FO T9Y VOM 91-8/g Mooouey NISNOOSIM SNO1I1L931105 N ra ise) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE A 207 HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 82 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 dy 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR— ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20569 “77 VOL. 23 NO. 22 June 1, 1973 Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QU “RANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does notassume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 June 1, 1973 Number 22 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM larvae heavy and damaged sorghum in coastal area of Texas; some controls applied in central Oklahoma, ASTER LEAFHOPPER reported in small grains in North Dakota and Minnesota for first time this season; populations lightest in 20 years in Minnesota. (pe y315)). ALFALFA WEEVIL caused most severe damage to alfalfa ever recorded in Iowa. Damage beyond economic threshold in west-central Maryland. Populations in other areas of Nation increased with damage appearing. Some control by parasites reported. (pp. 317- 318). An ALFALFA WEEVIL complex developed damaging situation on cherries in California. Also damaged apricots and beans in State. (p. 321). BOLL WEEVIL adults increased in some cotton areas. (p. 319). PAINTED LADY adult flights still heavy in western area; reported from South Dakota and North Dakota this period. (p. 324). GRASS BUGS damaged wheatgrass in Utah, Colorado, and Nebraska. GRASSHOPPERS heavy on rangelands in some Western States. (pp. 325- 326). Detection A THRIPS reported for first time in California is a new State record. (p. 326). For new county records see page 326. Special Reports A Leafminer of Ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.), Calycomyza ambrosiae (Frick) (Diptera, Agromyzidae). (pp. 329-330). The Genus Emmesomyia Malloch in North America (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). (pp. 331-332). Reports in this issue are for week enuing May 25 unless otherwise indicated. - 313 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........... Dodo b das soeoke Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...316 General Vegetables......... 320 Smads Gradn Stocae clekereneeseon enone yer. 316 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..321 Forage She SUMES ss «owls cee lekonelons SL7* Smadd) bruises: 34 races 22 322 Coon eigenen ehcualiaielerenel oteuehens 319 Forest and Shade Trees..... 322 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers320 Man and Animals............323 COTEHCLOPS HIM s sus saleteneloreretele 320 Miscellaneous Wild Plants. .324 CucGumDailSrunewene wushereneie tele rencnerens 320 Bene ii Ci ali UNSSC CUSI . cocic: wisn ers crovers jonelonere cia) ) ene, . ambrosiae, are by Frick (1956, 1959). Other pertinent keys, such as those by Spencer (1963, neotropical; 1969, Canada and \laska), do not include C. ambrosiae. The group of species to which >. ambrosiae belongs has been termed the "malvae group." Species o£ that group cannot be determined satisfactorily on external pharacters, but characters of the leaf-mine in association with [he species of host plant or those of the male postabdomen are heeded. esnuch as no figure of the male postabdomen of C. ambrosiae has been published, a male from Otay, California, was prepared and compared with the postabdomen of the type specimen from Tennessee. Vo differences were noted. The postabdomen of the California specimen is shown in the accompanying figure. | Literature Cited Prick, K.E. 1956. Revision of the North American Calycomyza species north of Mexico (Phytobia: Agromyzidae: Diptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 49:284-300. - 1959. Synopsis of the species of agromyzid leaf miners described from North America (Diptera). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 108 :347-465. Spencer, K.A. 1963. A synopsis of the neotropical Agromyzidae (Diptera). Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 115:291-389. 1969. The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 64:1-311. b/ Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, D.C. Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. - 329 - Stegmaier, C.E., Jr. 1967. Notes on the biology and distribution of Florida leaf-mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy, subgenus Calycomyza Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae). Fla. Entomol. 50:13-26. Calycomyza ambrosiae (Frick). Left lateral view of male post- abdomen. U.S. Dept. Agi. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 23 (22) :329-330, 1973 - 330 - The Genus Emmesomyia Malloch in North America (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) George C. Steyskal 1/ Two species of the genus Emmesomyia are listed in the North American catalogue of Diptera (Stone et al., 1965:858): E. apicalis Malloch, 1917, and E. socialis (Stein), 1898. It has become evident recently that these are merely color varieties and that E. apicalis should be considered a junior synonym of E. socialis. 7 Another species, E. socia (Fallen), was recorded for the first time from North America in this journal (1971, CEIR 21:5). In the latest fascicle on the palaearctic species of Anthomyiidae (Hennig, 1972:450) it is shown that 2 species have been confused under the name E. socia for a long time. Reexamination of the specimens recorded as E. socia from North America shows that they are not the true E. socia, but a species that should be called Emmesomyia villica (Meigen). The 2 species of Emmesomyia now known to occur in North America may be distinguished as follows: (a) Femora at least in considerable part yellowish; Sth sternum of male with posteriorly directed lobes (fig. 13) Selon oe socialis (Stein). (b) Femora black, only extreme apex yellowish; 5th sternum of male with downcurved apical lobes (fig. Becca be) Vala ca | (Medzen)): The only available data on the biology of species of Emmesomyia consist in the record of the rearing of E. villica from cells of the wasp Oxybelus uniglumis quadrinotatus cited previously in these Reports and some notes cited by Hennig (1972:453) indicating that either socia or villica or both may develop in human feces in Europe. Literature Cited Hennig, W. 1972. Anthomyiidae. In Lindner, E., Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, Fam. 63a (Lfg. 294):425-472, pls. 56-61, cont, Stone, A., et al., eds. 1965. A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Agr. Handbook no. 276:i-iv, 1-1696. For illustrations see page 332. 17 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, D.C. ~ Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington D.C. 20560. - 331 - Lateral view of lefthand side of 5th sternum of males of Emmesomyia species. A - E. sgcialis (Stein); B - E. villica (Meigen). U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 23 (22) :331-332, 1973 =) 332) 5— U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 d 2a 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OOOl Ks SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- 2&= VOL. 23 NO. 23 June 8, 1973 SYD Gs | mGwy, La. Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as- a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 June 8, 1973 Number 23 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM heavy and scattered on small grains in western Oklahoma and south-central Kansas; moth collections increased sharpley in Michigan. Armyworm not expected to be widespread problem in Illinois this season; infestations below economic levels in Maryland. (p. 335). See Light Trap Collections, pages 350 and 351. POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy for time of year in alfalfa in east- central Illinois. (p. 336). ALFALFA WEEVIL damaged alfalfa in eastern two-thirds of Kansas. Damage and larval populations light in Wisconsin, generally lighter than 1972 in Ohio. Predation continued to reduce ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE populations in infested areas of New York. (pp. 338- 339). An ALFALFA WEEVIL COMPLEX in California damaged strawberry fruit. Controls in cherry orchards effective. (p. 343). BOLL WEEVIL feeding on small cotton squares in Texas. BEET ARMY- WORM larvae heavily damaged 1,900 acres of seedling cotton in Pahrump Valley of Nevada. (p. 340). DARKSIDED CUTWORM required some controls in sugar beets in Minnesota. (p. 341). COMMON CATTLE GRUB adult incidence and FACE FLY heavier than normal in California; STABLE FLY epidemic in some northern areas of State. MOSQUITO adults and larvae reported heavy in several areas. (pp. 345, 346). PAINTED LADY larvae moving into crops in some Western States. (p.w346))\2 GRASS BUGS damaged range grasses in some Western States. (pp. 347- 348). Detection New State records include two DROSOPHILID FLIES in Hawaii ‘ (p. 349), a LECANODIASPIDID SCALE in South Carolina (p. 344), and TUMID SPIDER MITE in Delaware (p. 343). For new county records see page 349. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 1 unless otherwise indicated. 333 CONTENTS special Insects, of Regional: Sisnitivcance... 45. 02s ee BS) Insects Affecting Corn, “Sorghum Sugarcane....336 Beans and Peas...,...05 0088 342. small Grains. 23.2 L Seaeenoier sehen 337 ‘Cucurbits t.5 7 oks eee 342 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..338 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .343 Forage: legumes. «524. )3 22: 338.Small. Frudts... ..0 oe + ae 343 SOY DEANS ewes ys tevaischeucy cae vale ons Cede 340;Ornamentals... .... 2. =e 343 COULTON rate 2 cisco ele eis O16 oe 340 Forest and Shade Trees..... 344 MODAIC CORewege: s s\cseqsievare suoieieerccee 341 Man and Animals.) 33 344 SUPATIGBE CIES. cease cusne) teeter le utes 341 Miscellaneous Wild Plants. .346 Miscellaneous Field Crops..341 Beneficial Insects). secj.i sie. flee Here Jie ek. Sn 347 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs ;.\, ->)) ai -s.nee 347 Hawait IMSect Report occ sie cce/e sie 6 cess! eels clei s/ciete stele aia en eee A DE CECE LOM ere retells: act stetarkh siete eiatenedehe: Beech homeheacm rere slelie: eee ‘ee! eer eletateea OL bight. Trap (Collections ek nos sieelere's aieatePevionentenen ese oilae ‘a eho eh el oho onel ae O WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 4 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, HIGHLIGHTS: The Pacific Northwest remained dry, as did California.) A Low charted a rainy, sometimes destructive, course across the Nation's eastern half early in the’week. A rather confusing conglomeration of weather systems brought some storms, some Sunshine east of the Rockies during midweek. A huge Low deepened | in Canada north of the Dakotas over the weekend, spreading violent) weather over the Nation's midsection. PRECIPITATION: Early in the week the weather was dominated by a Low that made things wet and sometimes dangerous east of the Rockies. Monday through Wednesday the Low drifted from the central) Corn Belt northeastwards into Labrador, with a cold front trailing) through roughly the Nation's eastern third. Saturday the 26th through Tuesday the 29th, at least 195 tornadoes occurred which were associated with this storm system, mostly in the South, Illinois, and Indiana. Cloudy and wet Memorial Day weather affectec most of the Nation's eastern half. North Georgia had 5.58 to 5.91 inches of rain that morning. A strip extending from south-central North Carolina through Georgia's southwestern tip was deluged with 2.10 to 3.39 inches of rain. The storm wove an erratic pattern of destruction throughout the South into Tuesday. It generated rain and drizzle elsewhere east of the Mississippi. Behind the storm, the sun shone Tuesday afternoon over the Mississippi Valley, the Plains, the southern Rockies, and the intermountain region, as a High moved in from Canada. Through midweek, clear weather pre- vailed through most of the Nation. New England and eastern areas did, however, receive some rain caused by a Low which had moved north of Labrador. A midweek Low intensified over northern Ohio, generating some light precipitation and cloudiness Wednesday and Thursday, before it filled and dissipated. Local midweek thunder- Weather of the week continued on page 352. = obs — SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate larval populations continued to damage alfalfa in Woodward County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - First-generation moths in flight in Barton, Finney, and Greeley Counties. (Bell). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OKLAHOMA - Scattered, heavy infestations in wheat and barley in Blaine, Washita, Beckham, Custer, Caddo, Grady, Kingfisher, Canadian, Garfield, and Kay Counties. Ranged 0.2-5 per linear foot and up to 50 per square foot in blown-down areas. Head clipping light to date with most feeding on awns and leaves, but many fields being treated. Damage more common in barley than in wheat in Garfield and Kingfisher Counties. Moderate in spots in wheat in Garvin and Alfalfa Counties and in barley in Jackson County. Scattered, heavy infestations reported in Bermuda grass pastures in Comanche County; moderate in lawn checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Damaging infestations reported in barley from Cowley County and in wheat in Sedgwick and Harvey Counties. (Bell). ILLINOIS - P. unipuncta overall populations very light week ending May 25, although small larvae found in roadside grasses as far north as Champaign County. Species not expected to be widespread problem in State in 1973. Current populations up to 3 per plant in field of 6 to 8-inch corn in Calhoun County; treatment required. Second field in Calhoun County averaged 3 small larvae per 100 plants. Larvae generally light in wheat throughout southern half of State. Larvae averaged one per 10 row feet in 2 fields in Washington County. Heaviest infested wheat field surveyed averaged 3 larvae per 10 feet in Calhoun County. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Adult collections increased sharply in all blacklight traps; total of 123 taken in Lenawee County week ending June l. ' Larvae can be expected in fields next 14-21 days. (Sauer). VIRGINIA - P. unipuncta damage to corn began in Wythe, Montgomery, Roanoke, and Pulaski Counties; some fields required treatment. Damage light in Franklin County even with high percentage of infested plants. Control critical in first 21 days following planting of no-til corn. (Allen). MARYLAND - Remained below economic levels in all sections. Heaviest larval counts ranged 3-4 per square foot in Dorchester County barley; counts taken in lodged areas only. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Slight increase in small grains noted. About one adult per 200 sweeps taken in eastern Sauk and northern Grant Counties, 2 per 200 sweeps near Spring Green, southern Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts in alfalfa over State increased; ranged 30-40 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OHIO - First adult of season collected May 27 in blacklight trap at Wooster, Wayne County. This is unusually early for State as first moths normally not collected until early August. Possibly carried in by high winds from more southern region, or may have overwintered in area. (Rings). GEORGIA - Fed in whorls of corn in Louisville area, Jefferson County. (Jordan). - 335 - CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Present in many grain sorghum and cornfields in Calhoun County; no economic damage noted. Moderate on grain sorghum in Erath and surrounding counties in Blacklands area. Light to moderate on older grain sorghum in Knox County. (Cole et al.). KANSAS - Light in 10 per- cent of whorls of 2-inch sorghum in Wabaunsee County. (Bell). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Survey indicated light, scattered populations on grain sorghum in Calhoun County; no economic damage reported. Light to moderate infestations reported from Knox County on grain sorghum. (Cole, Boring). OKLAHOMA - Destroyed stands of Sudan grass,and sorghum and Sudan crosses in Garfield and Noble Counties. Also discoloring leaves of seedling sorghum in several areas of Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Alates, along with small colonies of immatures, noted on lower leaves of 20 percent of 2-inch sorghum plants in field in Pottawatomie County and on 30 percent of 3-inch plants in Wabaunsee County field. None found in newly emerged sorghum field in Shawnee County. No serious infestations on sorghum reported; however, all fields where seedlings emerged require frequent checking for damaging buildups. (Bell). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MINNESOTA - Few found on alfalfa in Red River Valley, but some heavy concentrations found in roadsides. Ranged 10-20 per 100 sweeps, with 70 per 100 sweeps found at one location, in Marshall County. Some yellowing noted in occasional alfalfa field. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults being collected more frequently in alfalfa; averaged up to 3 per 25 sweeps in some fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts per 100 sweeps, week ending May 25, by county as follows: Ogle 60, Grundy 40, Champaign 400, Ford 100, Livingston 320, Adams 125. Champaign and Livingston Counties considered heavy for time of year. (Ill. Ins. Rpt...) SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Caused light to moderate damage to alfalfa in Hardeman County. (Boring). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - TENNESSEE - Immatures damaged whorls of corn in several western area fields. (White). DELAWARE - Adult collections in Kent and Sussex County light traps ranged 4-5 per night. (Burbutis). OHIO - First-generation moths emerging in northeast area. Mating and oviposition will occur soon, (Rings). MICHIGAN - First female moth of season taken in blacklight trap May 24 in Lenawee County. (Sauer). KANSAS - Light trap catches indicate moths flying in Finney and Brown Counties. (Bell). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - Larvae found in damaging populations in two Salt River Valley area, Maricopa County, sorghum fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - This Species and Euetheola rugiceps (sugarcane beetle) damaged 50-acre field of 18-inch corn in Henry County. Most damage occurred in sandier soils where 70 percent of plants badly damaged. (Bond et ale): - 336 - BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - ILLINOIS - Moderate in some ‘corn in St. Clair County; widespread in Cass County; treatment applied in selected areas of heaviest infested fields. Damage reported in Clay, Montgomery, and Pike Counties. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Heavy infestation reported on corn in Boone County; field will probably be replanted. (Keaster). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Caused light damage in most cornfields in west-southwest and southwest districts. Field of 8-inch field corn in Calhoun County averaged 50 beetles per 100 plants; damage noneconomic. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults present in all corn checked in southern districts; averaged less than one per plant on corn in 2 to 4-leaf stage. (Meyer). OHIO - Caused extensive damage to seedling corn in Huron County; adult damage heavy on all of 50 plants examined in one 10- acre planting. Lighter damage to 2-inch corn observed in Clark and Preble Counties with minor damage on less than 30 percent of plants. (Fox). MARYLAND - Damage levels decreased in Talbot, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Caroline Counties due to good growing conditions. Counts ranged 3-10 per corn plant statewide. (U. Md., © Eee Demi.) . DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - UTAH - Damaged young corn and sorghum throughout southern Washington County. (Huber). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy population damaged corn about 3 miles northwest of Beeville, Bee County. Corn lodged and heavy populations of adults noted cutting silks off ears of corn. (Deer). CORN BLOTCH LEAFMINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused blade damage to scattered cornfields in Coastal Plain. Damage noted in 8 fields in Sampson, Bladen, and Duplin Counties; 60-acre field in Sampson County hosted general infesta- tion. Yield reduction rare except in cases of extreme foliar damage. (Heath, Hunt). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS —- Populations appeared in some sorghum fields in Calhoun County. (Cole). SMALL GRAINS RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) - ARKANSAS —- Due to late rice crop, only small percent of fields flooded in Lonoke and Prairie Counties. Feeding signs found on average of 35 per- cent of new leaves in 20 fields checked; ranged zero to 90 per- cent with only 2 fields ranked zero. Heaviest count 3 adults per square foot. Weevils found in ground trash samples in most fields, indicated some weevils still in hibernation; however, counts low and feeding signs light in oldest rice. (Barnes, Boyer). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA —- Continued moderate in wheat heads in Garfield and Kingfisher Counties. (Okday. ACoop ; | Sur’.|)’; HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - GEORGIA - Pupae heavy on wheat in Dougherty County. (Hays, Harris). - 337 - TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND TWOLINED SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) - ALABAMA - First adult emergence of season occurred on [awn in Lee County with 1-5 adults per 500 square feet. Controls applied. (Henderson). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larvae ranged 20-30 per sweep with up to 70 per Sweep in Orovada, Humboldt County, alfalfa seed fields. Treatments completed or to be completed this period in Churchill, Douglas, Lyon, and Pershing Counties. (Hilbig et al.). UTAH - Development slowed by late spring and cool weather. Much control expected after first alfalfa crop harvested. (Davis). Some damage apparent in Utah County alfalfa, (Daniels). COLORADO - Erratic in occurrence; ranged 20-1,200 larvae per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Otero County. (Schweissing). TEXAS - H. postica infestations reported in northern Panhandle in Hansford, Lipscomb, Ochiltree, and Donley Counties. In Donley County, adults ranged 1-2 per sweep. Hansford is a new county record,. (Clymer). OKLAHOMA - Still light in alfalfa in southern half of the State. Larvae still damaging in few west-central and northwest counties; adults moderate to heavy in many counties in these 2 areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larval counts per 100 alfalfa stems by county: Adair 160, Marion 361, and Schuyler 281. (Munson). KANSAS - Damaging infestations common in alfalfa in many areas of eastern two-thirds of State, especially in cut fields where regrowth delayed. Infestations generally Wien Gain fields surveyed in southwest district; ranged about 50-100 larvae per 100 sweeps. Some damaging infestations reported in some fields | of Clark County. (Bell). NEBRASKA - H. postica larvae ranged 12-97 (averaged 53.9) and adults 0-3 (averaged 0.3) per 100 Sweeps in 23 alfalfa’ tields am Otoe County week of May 23. Larvae 28 and one adult per 100 sweeps taken in one field at Mead, Saunders County. In Gothenburg and Cozad areas of Dawson County, larvae ranged 14-2,095 (averaged 261.9) per 100 sweeps in 11 fields; adults ranged 1-39 (averaged 6.5). Counts in Lexington and Overton ranged 0-520 larvae (averaged 114.8) and 0-8 adults (averaged 2.6) per 100 sweeps in 10 fields. (Manglitz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Moderate in alfalfa near Spearfish, Lawrence County, week ending May 25. Adults ranged 32-225 per 100 sweeps. (Walstrom). WISCONSIN - H. postica damage and larval survey underway; completed) in some areas. Data indicate light damage and very low larval ! counts in alfalfa due to fact many eggs still being laid. Females |} heavy with eggs but warm evenings needed for Oviposition. Hatch i will not occur for about 7 days. Most alfalfa probably will be cut | prior to significant feeding. Hatch underway in some sandier soiled | areas and in fields with southern exposure. Increased numbers of first instars noted in such fields but alfalfa in hard-bud stage, some laying in progress. Some cocoons of Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) appeared where larvae from overwintered eggs pupated. Heaviest H. postica larval counts reached 5 per 25 sweeps with comparable number of adults taken. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). S358." ILLINOIS - Hypera postica larval counts per 100 sweeps, week ending May 25, by county as follows: Ogle 60, Grundy 40, Champaigne 400, Ford 140, Livingston 120, Adams 10,000. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Larvae active in northernmost counties. In 29 fields checked in northernmost tier of counties, average | infestation ranged 53-77 percent and larvae per terminal ranged _ from 1-2.5 to 1-3. Infestation much heavier in northernmost tier of counties than in tier immediately south. Damage to alfalfa | reported in counties south of Indianapolis. (Huber, Meyer). | MICHIGAN - Egg hatch rapid in Lansing area alfalfa May 28 and larvae common in southern part of State. (Sauer). OHIO - Larval counts and damage generally lighter in alfalfa and clover than in 1972. First cutting of alfalfa underway; anticipated that hay will be cut before damage occurs in many areas. Some economic damage reported in Knox, Franklin, and Pickaway Counties, however. (Fox). WEST VIRGINIA - H. postica tip infestation 88 percent with 20 percent defoliation to alfalfa in Pleasants County May 23. | (Cutlip). VIRGINIA - Defoliation 50 percent on 5 acres of alfalfa at one Montgomery County location and 95 percent on 10 acres at another location. (Surles). MARYLAND - Damage levels declined statewide, pupation underway. First cuttings of alfalfa underway throughout central area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). { “ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE (Otiorhynchus ligustici) - NEW YORK -— 'Predation continued to reduce populations as this pest entered /Oviposition period. First eggs of season found in Wayne County May 25. Controls can still be made where necessary with expecta- tions of success as egg laying proceeds slowly. Beetles continued to move about in northern areas of Jefferson County infestation. VQ... Wkly. Rpt., May 29). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) -— OREGON - Very heavy in Many parts of State. Adults 150+ nightly in light. traps. at Ontario, Malheur County; 75+ per night taken in blacklight trap at Hermiston, Umatilla County. Total of 252 adults taken in Pheromone traps at university vegetable farm in Linn County, May 22-29. (Brown et al.). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae continued to damage alfalfa in Washita and Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop. pur. ). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Averaged 5 per sweep in Reese River, Lander County, alfalfa seed fields and 100 per Sweep in Virgin Valley, Clark County, alfalfa hay. (Zoller et al.). ARIZONA - Ranged 200-400 per 100 Sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma Valley, Yuma County, and 50 in western area of Phoenix, Maricopa Moumty (Ariz, Coop. Sur. )). TARN ISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum Samples in Bolivar County alfalfa indicate 10,000 adults per acre. (Schuster). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Adults - 339 - BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Occasional specimens | taken from alfalfa at Reese River, Lander County. This is a new - | county record. (Bechtel, Peters). | SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Over- wintered adults active throughout Eastern Shore and southern area. Light, less than 6 adults per 20 row feet in newly emerged soybeans. Egg laying underway in Somerset, Worcester, Wicomico, and Dorchester Counties. Overwintered populations appear to be moderate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TENNESSEE - Fed on soybeans in Franklin County. (Cagle). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Overwintered adults feeding in small squares in Calhoun County; infestation appears very light. Pheromone traps continued to catch weevils in Black- lands area. In McLennan County, catch of 14 weevils from 6 traps reported. In Hill County weevils averaged 2 per trap; Coryell averaged 3.5. In Rolling Plains, 37 weevils captured on pheromone trap in Cottle County and 10 each in Hardeman and Wilbarger Counties. Nine weevils trapped in Childress County; 3 in Haskell County. None taken in Jones, Knox, and Hall Counties. (Cole et al.). OKLAHOMA - Leggett trap collections showed 3 adults in Jackson County and one adult in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Total weevils taken in Leggett traps increased over previous period. Generally, numbers heavier in northern area than in southern area, except in Phillips County in east-central area where 230 weevils taken in 10 traps this period. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Leggett traps indicate weevils emerged in many counties where no diapause control used. Average trap catches by county: Holmes 3.8 per trap (10 traps); Bolivar 3 per 173 traps; Grenada 9.4 per trap (19 traps); Webster 28.4 per trap (17 traps); Panola 27.6 per trap (8 traps); Tallahatchie 18.8 per trap (6 traps; Yalobusha 5.55 per trap (31 traps, 41 acres), 8.58 per trap (26 traps, 47.5 acres), 4.31 per trap (26 traps, 24 acres), 3.84 per trap (31 traps, 28 acres). (Robinson). ALABAMA - Live weevil counts on presquare cotton in 3 to 5-leaf stage in Covington County much heaiver than previous weeks. None found on 4 farms in Monroe County and several farms in Shelby and Limestone Counties. (Pike et al.). GEORGIA - Up to 155 adults per Leggett trap taken in southern area; adults feeding on seedlings and caused "black flagging.'' (Womack, Barry). TENNESSEE - One weevil . found in cotton terminal in Fayette County. Survey limited due to excesSive rains. (Locke). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Fed on seedlings in southern area. (Womack). ARKANSAS - Due to lateness of cotton crop, sugar | lines being operated primarily on vetch. Few H. zea (bollworm) moths observed in Lonoke and Mississippi Counties, none seen on vetch in Jackson County. (Boyer). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEVADA - Larvae heavily damaged about 1,900 acres of Seedling cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. Treatments applied. (Hoff, Zoller). .- 340 - FLEAHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Spanogonicus albofasciatus averaged 2 per plant in one cotton field on west side of Maricopa County. Some fields treated at Yuma, Yuma County. Averaged 5 per 100 sweeps in 2 cotton fields at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (cotton fleahopper) heavy on horsemint in south-central area. Some adults: may be found in cotton fields but no reproduction noted. Slight damage recorded in some cotton. (Cole). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - Sweep samples from Erigeron annus (annual fleabane), a wild host, indicate this plant bug developing in large numbers. Total of 128 adults and 253 nymphs taken in 100 sweeps of 12-inch net in Monroe County. (Robinson). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - ALABAMA - Heavy in field borders on vetch and cotton in 5 cotton fields examined in Limeston County. Controls applied on one field border. (McDonald mets aussie, TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults on newly transplanted tobacco ranged 3-8 per plant in northern Prince Georges County. Damage subeconomic to date. Recent rains promoted good growth, plants outgrowing injury. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reached threshold levels in about 25 percent of tobacco fields in Bladen and Robeson Counties. Fields with plants “buttoning" or near this stage usually have higher percentage of plants infested. (Robertson, Hunt). SUGAR BEETS ~DARKSIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) - MINNESOTA - Present in sugar beet fields in Norman and Clay Counties. Damage noticeable enough in some fields to start controls. Situation expected to become more serious; growers advised to watch fields closely next 7-14 days. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Most larvae have pupated; fly emergence about 10 percent in Walsh and Pembina Counties. Flies moved into new beet fields, up to 25 eggs per plant present on beets. Most beets in 4-leaf stage. (Kaatz). MINNESOTA - Adults very active in 1972 beet fields in Norman and Clay Counties. Egg laying probably underway in area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). _ MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS _REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - OREGON - Larvae pupating ,in Culver City area, Jefferson County, mint fields. First pupae (3) found May 30. It is estimated that about 1 percent of popula- | tion pupated. (Berry). - 341 - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEVADA - Larvae of this species and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) caused moderate damage to about 300 acres of mint and required treatment in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Hoff). WHITELINED SPHINX (Hyles lineata) - NEVADA - Larval migrations heavy into cropland and across roads in Fallon area, Churchill County, and Schurz, Mineral County. (Knous et al.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Heavy populations defoliated potatoes near Munday, Knox County. Also damaged lettuce, beans, and tomatoes in home gardens in Brazos County. (Boring et al.). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - TEXAS - Light to moderate populations attacked tomatoes at several locations in Fi Brazos County. Tomatoes averaged 2 infested leaves per plant in j two gardens examined. (Green). 4 POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Field infestations in central area not evident at present. Suspect that populations greatly reduced by sudden cold conditions in late fall. (Landis). BEANS AND PEAS PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - WASHINGTON - Population levels, based on damage to young peas, much lower in Whitman County than in previous 2 years; suspect cold dry conditions last winter and early spring responsible. (Landis, Entenmann). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on pea plantings in Fayette County. (Gordon). COLE CROPS IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae of this pierid and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) moderate on 100 acres of cabbage in Copiah County. (Ray). CUCURBITS STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - MARYLAND - Adults active in watermelon and cantaloupe fields in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Damage light to date. Most growers held off sprays due to rain. Sprays expected in all fields within next 7 days. .(@U. Md’., “Ent... Dept.). we 2 SBAge= | DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS ALFALFA WEEVIL COMPLEX (Hypera spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Still entering ‘cherry and apricot orchards in several areas; damaged ripening fruit and stems of cherries. Treatment applied by many cherry growers very effective. Weevils still moving from alfalfa in unusual numbers. Even in areas far from alfalfa, homeowners ‘complained about weevils entering homes. Bur clover hard hit this ‘spring and widespread in occurrence. Due to plentiful rainfall, clover unusually succulent. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Pheromone trap eatches indicate moth emergence underway throughout western area fruit belt. Moths appeared in northern counties about May 23. (Sauer). CALIFORNIA PEARSLUG (Pristiphora abbreviata) - CALIFORNIA - Active in northern pear-growing areas; defoliated pear orchards. Treat- ment required. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying unusually light in all areas checked through May. White eggs found as far north as southern Pottawatomie County by May 31; red and white eggs present in south-central counties. Infestations averaged 1 or 2 percent in most areas but ranged up to 6 percent in few areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Based on moth emergence, control measures indicated for Cottle County and counties farther north during period June 4-9. Moths continue to emerge in Wichita, Wilbarger, Young, and Baylor Counties in Rolling Plains. Producers in Hill, Limestone, and other counties urged to continue checking trees in central area. (Boring, Hoelscher). PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - TENNESSEE - Caused light to severe damage to wild and cultivated pecans in several western counties. (H.D. Gordon, C.D. Gordon). SMALL FRUITS ALFALFA WEEVIL COMPLEX (Hypera spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Adult weevils damaged strawberry fruit in 30-acre planting in Sanol, Alameda County. Damage occurred in dooryard strawberry patches and commercial plantings in San Joaquin County. Also reported on cherries, apricots, and beans. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). See CEIR 23(22): 3771 We EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Overwintering eggs in one Concord grape vineyard averaged 33 per nodal area. Eggs hatched, larvae and nymphs appeared on grape leaves. Motile forms averaged 3 per leaf in one vineyard. (Jubb, May 25). ORNAMENTALS -TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) - DELAWARE - Very common on philodendron house plant in Newark, New Castle County, May 23, °1973. Collected and determined by G. Ide. Confirmed by E. Baker. This is a new State record. (Burbutis). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults severely infested 90 percent of 7,450 juniper plants (Juniperus excelsa) and 90 percent of 81,000 arborvitae plants at nursery in Baker County May 24. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). — 343)— TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infested sasanqua in Greenville County May 17, 1973. This is a new county record. (McCaskill). AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia paeoniae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderately infested camellia plants in Greenville County May 17, 1973. Collected and determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new county record. (McCaskill). : A LECANODIASPIDID SCALE (Lecanodiaspis prosopidis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy infestation on wild azalea in Oconee County April 30, 1973. Collected and determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new State record. (McCaskill). A SOFT SCALE (Ceroplastes ceriferus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light on camellias in Pickens County nursery. Moderate to heavy on sasanqua at Same nursery. Controls applied. (McCaskill). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy on pine at several locations in Madison County. (Boone). PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - MASSACHUSETTS - Several larval infestations of N. sertifer (European pine sawfly) noted on pines at Longmeadow, Hampden County; pines almost totally defoliated. (Jensen). WEST VIRGINIA - N. pratti pratti heavily defoliated one Virginia pine in Doddridge County, May 27, 1973. Collected and determined by A.R. Miller. This is a new county record. (Hacker). TENNESSEE - N. taedae linearis defoliated 50 percent of year-old needles in pine stand in Haywood County. (Gordon). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae defoliated Siberian elm single-row shelterbelts in Mayville area, Traill County. Some trees now 80 percent defoliated. Additional defoliation will occur; some shelterbelts expected to be 100 percent defoliated. (Brandvik). ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - KANSAS - Light larval infestations on American elm were found in Macksville, Stafford County, and heavier than usual infestations found on elms in McPherson, McPherson County, where significant defoliation observed, (Bell). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 148 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. during period May 20-26 as follows: Texas 10, New Mexico 11, Arizona 123, California 4. Total of 220 cases confirmed from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. during this period totaled 100,971,900 as follows: | Texas 81,641,400; New Mexico 3,630,000; Arizona 14,800,500; | California 900,000. Total of 82,222,800 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). - 344 - | SATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - Larvae, mostly H. bovis ‘northern cattle grub), averaged 0.8 per animal on backs of Iolstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). SALIFORNIA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) still running cattle; season late with plenty of moisture. Fly incidence heavier than jormal; will result in many infested animals. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). — CALIFORNIA - Occurred in heavier than usual numbers in infested counties. Infestations more general than oast years; livestock owners who previously escaped infestation now feeling brunt of this pest. Mountain areas especially bad; calf sopulations suffering from attacks. Pinkeye increased, previous control materials inadequate due to resistance to phosphate naterials. Livestock on irrigated pastures annoyed more than those on open range due to lack of shade or protection. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 6 per face on cattle in Monroe and Chickasaw Counties. (Robinson). INDIANA - Averaged 20 per head on some horses in Warren County. (Chandler). OHIO - counts variable on beef and dairy cattle; ranged from 9 per face in Richland County to less than one per face in Butler County. (Fox). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) OSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes sollicitans adults active in Wicomico and Prince Georges Counties. Landing counts ranged up to 23 females per 5 minutes. A. canadensis active in central area with landing counts in range of 2-4 per 5 minutes. (Md. Dept. mor.; U. Md., Ent. Dept.) .GEORGIA - Mosquitoes heavy, annoyed residents throughout State. (Nolan). TENNESSEE - Adults of various species heavy in flooded areas of western part of State. (Locke). INDIANA - Second and third-instar larvae of Culex restuans collected in Warren County May 25. Determined by D.A. Shroyer. (Meyer). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes heavy in wooded lowlands. Cool, wet weather retarded activity; biting not as serious as could be, or as it will be. Light annoyance to dairy cattle reported in some areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Very heavy brood of Aedes vexans that hatched as result of rains May 21-25 now mostly third instar. Other important species in larval collections in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District include A. cinereus and Culiseta inornata. Light trap collections week ending May 25 totaled 382 females from 16 light traps; C. inornata comprised 30 percent of catch; remainder composed of 10 species of early spring Aedes spp. Daytime bite ‘collections totaled 106 females; Aedes abserratus most frequently ‘taken. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Psorophora Cidiaital Bo BeLuOx and P. cyanescens larvae ranged up to 60 per dip in temporary pools ‘in Payne County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Aedes dorsalis land A. nigromaculis larvae heavy in irrigated pastures in Weber ‘County; varied 0-500 per dip. (Fronk). NEVADA - Aedes spp. adults very heavy in McDermitt area, Humblodt County, and Virgin Valley, ‘Clark County. (Lauderdale, Zoller). ‘HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Increased on cattle ‘throughout State. (Nolan). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 300 per cow in Monroe, Chickasaw, and Lee Counties; 200 per head in Newton ‘County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Heavy on livestock throughout south- ‘central area; heavy in Brazos County. Heavy numbers attacked untreated cattle in Blacklands counties near Stephenville. “Moderate infestations reported from Wilbarger, Wichita, Knox, and Clay Counties in Rolling Plains. Built up throughout Panhandle on ~ 345 7- cattle. (Cole et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 700-750 per head on cattle checked in Payne County; moderate in southwest counties and in Pontotoc County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.),. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - GEORGIA - Increased on cattle and horses throughout State. (Nolan). ILLINOIS - Averaged 43.5 per animal in two pastured herds in Jersey County 2) (EEE: Stns Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per head on dairy cattle checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Almost epidemic in some valley areas in northern part of State. Wet winter and poor sanitation contributing factors to this situation. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - WYOMING - Ranged 2-21 and 2-39 on ewes in two Platte County flocks; ranged 108-242 and 19-54 on lambs in same flocks. Ranged 0-21, 24-37, and 1-17 on lambs in 3 Goshen County flocks. (Pfadt et al.). BLACK FLIES - GEORGIA - Attacked horses in Clarke County and humans in Banks County. (Nolan, Jordan). WISCONSIN - Populations. very heavy in some areas, i.e. Vilas, Iron, Lincoln, Fond du Lac, Juneau, Wood, and Portage Counties. In most areas, no biting reported, but heavy biting reported in Vilas County; probably due to species differences in various areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BITING MIDGES (Culicoides spp.) - INDIANA - Adults very annoying at dusk in Warren County; stopped field work in several instances May 26-27. (Chandler). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OHIO - Infested about half of 525 feeder pigs in Preble County and 2 Duroc sows and 7 young pigs in Morrow County. (Deacon). / HEAD LOUSE (Pediculus humanus capitis) - CALIFORNIA - Several school buses treated in Sacramento, Sacramento County. "Gray backs" crawling over seats and bus interiors. Such infestations not seen for many years. (Cal. Coop. Rpts TICKS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations very heavy in many sections of State. One death contributed to Rocky Mountain spotted fever to date. (McCaskill). GEORGIA - Large numbers of Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) and Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) collected on tick drags in coastal recreational areas. D. variabilis infested horses in Clarke County. (Nolan). MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - MONTANA - Present in all western counties of State east to Yellowstone County, from Beaverhead County to Canadian border. (Pratt). IDAHO - Larvae moved from several patches of stripped Canadian thistle to peppermint plants in a 20-acre mint field at Boise, Ada County. (Peterson). OREGON - Larvae very numerous, caused heavy damage to foliage of bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) in Dixie Creek area (near Lime) of Baker County. (Brown). NEVADA - Heavy larval migrations occurred in Seven Troughs area, Pershing County; Eureka, Eureka County ; Crescent Valley, Elko County; and Lake Valley, Lincoln County. In some areaS migrating into alfalfa and barley. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). Heavy larval infestations noted on musk thistle in Verdi area, Washoe County, (Adams, Martinelli), UTAH — Adults very abundant - 346 - | ) on warm days; may be second generation from southern range areas. Appear to be smaller and browner (less orange) than earlier Plvehtsic. (Davis et al!) . BENEFICIAL INSECTS -ICHNEUMON WASPS - MICHIGAN - Lemophagus curtus and Diaparsis n. ‘sp. parasitized Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) larvae up to 28 percent in a field insectary in Berrien County. (Berger). WEST VIRGINIA - Diaparsis spp. released May 22-24 in Putnan, ‘Cabell, and Jackson Counties. (Hacker). MISSISSIPPI - Bathyplectes -curculionis, a parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), averaged 1,300 per acre in alfalfa in Bolivar County. (Schuster). A CHALCID WASP (Brachymeria intermedia) - WEST VIRGINIA - This pupal parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released May 25 ‘in Kanawha County. (Coffman). Adults released in Jefferson, Berkeley, Hampshire, Pocahontas, and Hardy Counties. (Hacker). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) - OHIO - This larval -parasatoid of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) recovered for first time in Fairfield, Jackson, and Muskingum Counties. These ‘are new county records. WEST VIRGINIA - Recovered for first time in Mason, Wood, and Pleasants Counties. These are new county records. (Berger). A MYMARID WASP (Anaphes flavipes) - WEST VIRGINIA - This egg “parasitoid of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) released in following counties (number of release sites in parentheses): |Jackson (2), Roane (1), Tyler (6), Preston (11), Taylor (4), ‘Monroe (14), Raleigh (3), Summers (4), Mercer (2), Fayette (1), Nicholas (1). (Brooks et al.). A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 16,000 adults and 25,000 larvae per acre in alfalfa in Bolivar ‘County. (Schuster). _FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults collected from winter wheat at West Sparta, Livingston County, April 30 by pR.E. Maire, and from wheat at Ulysses, Tomkins County, May 11 by P.E. Gerber. VIRGINIA - Adult collected on wheat at Purcellville, ‘Loudoun County, May 6 by R.H. Morris. Larvae collected on barley at Orange, Orange County, May 14 and on barley and rye at Ruckersville, Greene County, May 16 by R.H. Morris and E.L. ‘Thompson; and on wheat near Bassett, Henry County, May 23 by W.D. ‘Jones. All determined by R.E. White. These are new county records. '(PPQ). WEST VIRGINIA - Average counts per square foot in oats by county: Monroe - larvae 2, eggs 3; Pleasants - larvae 6, eggs 7; ‘Putnam - larvae 2, 1 egg; Mason - larvae 11, eggs 5; Roane - larvae 2, eggs 3; Jackson - 1 larva, 3 eggs. (Besticm, Hacker). KENTUCKY - Completed surveys negative in Christian, Webster, and ‘Union Counties. (Greene). MICHIGAN - Adults active in oats and eggs found in native grasses in Osceola County May 25. (Krich). GRASS BUGS - NEVADA - Irbisia pacifica ranged from 9 per plant on small plants to 19+ per plant on large plants of ryegrass in McDermitt area, Humboldt County. (Lauderdale). IDAHO - Labops spp. = BE and Irbisia spp. present in spotted areas of about 400 acres of rangeland near Donnelly, Valley County; removed chlorophyll from grass leaves. (Olsen). UTAH - Labops spp. and Irbisia spp. ranged 200-300 per square foot in areas from Cedar City to Kanarraville, Iron County; grasses, mostly crested wheat-— grass, badly bleached. Counts, mostly L. hesperius (90 percent adults), ranged 175-796 (average 470) per Sweep in Wanrhodes Canyon, Utah County; 90 percent of grass leaf surfaces yellow. Damaged range areaS will produce no seed. Other areas of damage observed in Sanpete, Sevier, and Garfield Counties. (Haws). WYOMING - L. hesperius ranged 75-100 per square yard on wheat-— grasses in Laramie County. (Hardy, Patch). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations in field margins, drainage ditches, and roadsides ranged up to 10 (averaged less than 1) per Square yard in northern Cass and southern Traill Counties. Development first through third instar. Melanoplus bivittatus dominant Species. Damaged sunflowers in Grandin and Drayton areas. Only scattered economic infestations expected in eastern counties this season. (Brandvik). WYOMING - Aulocara elliotti, Amphitornus coloradus, Ageneotettix deorum, and Melanoplus spp. ranged 2-6 per square yard in Hot Sorines and Sheridan Counties. (Hardy). IDAHO - Grasshopper egg hatch well underway May 24, some second instars present; population not as heavy aS one year ago north of Gooding, Gooding County. (Koester) | GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MAINE - Larvae produced minor but noticeable defoliation of elm at Augusta, Kennebeck County, | and may have caused like symptoms on other hardwoods, such as oak) in southern area. (Gall). VERMONT - Controls applied to 800 acres | in residential and recreation areas in Burlington, Chittenden ! County, May 30. Larvae began entering Second instar May 25. Defoliation apparent in some larger oaks in spray block. About 100 percent defoliation expected in some areas of block where no controls applied. (Benedict). MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae heavy on foliage of abandoned apple trees at Easthampton, Hampshire County. (Jensen). RHODE ISLAND - Some third-instar larvae found in Washington and Providence Counties. Heavy infestation of oaks in home grounds and adjacent areas reported from Washington, Kent, and Providence Counties. (Relli et al., May 23). NEW JERSEY - Larvae easy to find in blueberry fields in some Burlington and Ocean County areas. Controls recommended. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Treatment for this pest totaled 8,596 acres in Bucks, Berks, Lebanon, Lehigh, Northampton, Schuylkill, and Carbon Counties. Treatment completed by May 28 in all but Berks, Carbon, and Schuylkill Counties. (Pa. Dept. Env. Res.). | | JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - GEORGIA - First adult of season collected from trap May 22 in Richmond County. (Fortson). ! WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults damaged corn, grass in pastures, and peanuts on farm in Henry County. First report of adult emergence for 1973. (Burns | et: al.) . — 348 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Records - One male and one female of Drosophila virilis Sturtevent taken at bait at Kihei, Maui, in June 1971. Leucophenga maculosa Coquillett, first collected during 1971 in Pohakuloa area on Hawaii, has since been collected at Kamuela, Hawaii, and several localities on Maui, Lanai, and Oahu. Determinations by M.R. Wheeler. These drosophilid flies are common over North and South America. (Kaneshiro). General Vegetables - TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) adults heavy on foliage of eggplants in Pearl City and in some fields at Waimanalo, Oahu. "Shothole"' damage conspicuous on many leaves. (Kawamura). Ornamentals - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) heavy on foliage of commercial roses in Waianae, Oahu. (Haramoto). Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) heavy under bark and under debris at bases of kiawe trees at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu; 800+ larvae collected from 5 trees by 2 men in less than 30 minutes. (Kahale, Kumashiro). Light buildup of CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) occurred on Chinese banyan trees in Honolulu, Pearl City, Kaneohe, and many other areas on Oahu. Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug), a purposely introduced predator, numerous in curled leaves and preyed on eggs, nymphs, and adults of G. ficorum in the areas. (Kawamura). Miscellaneous Insects - Nymphs and adults of a small BANDEDWING GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) heavy in large weedy area adjacent to new stadium site at Halawa, Oahu; up to 10 individuals per Square foot. (Kawamura). DETECTION New State Records - Two DROSOPHILIS FLIES - HAWAII - Drosophila virilis —- Maui; Leucophenga maculosa - Hawaii. (p. 349). A LECANODIASPIDID SCALE (Lecanodiaspis prosopis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Oconee County. (p. 344). TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) - DELAWARE - New Castle County. (p. 343). New County Records - HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) VIRGINIA - Adults taken in Roanoke, Franklin, Pittsylvania, Campbell, and Bedford Counties May 30, 1973. (Allen). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) TEXAS - Hansford (p. 338). AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia paeoniae) SOUTH CAROLINA - Greenville (p. 344). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) NEVADA - Lander (p. 340). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) VIRGINIA -. Loudoun, Orange, Greene, Henry (p. 347). A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) WEST VIRGINIA - Doddridge (p. 334). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) OHIO - Fairfield, Jackson, Muskingum; WEST VIRGINIA - Mason, Wood, Pleasants. (p. 347). TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) SOUTH CAROLINA - Greenville (p. 344). - 349 - COLLECTIONS TRAP LIGHT Canby 5/24-30 Southeast 5/20-30 Dever 5/24-30 Central 5/20-30 Hollis 5/4 PENNSYLVANIA (Districts) = rio ™ © ol 1 an = A™ isp) NW 1 w ite) S N Os SS PE w ro ov ° > u no oa =< s ke x= & a) NEW HAMPSHIRE TENNESSEE (Counties) OREGON x) ce) cane N nN nN © ta ° aN S re =) Sr) ° o - 350 14 26 Kanawha 5/29 Monroe 5/22, 29 Darien 5/14 WEST VIRGINIA (Counties) WISCONSIN =) se) N 4 4 N o>) N aN On ord on Y~ ise} N al - ite) oD q 4 N fea} qo N i o ise) o or isp) a ~ = I SN oP) ca ot cD Se) ite) mao ot I ~O ost i N (e) ° Clea noAr N wm 1 IN Ton = Oo 9 S § Old NO ite) tN aN ma te) ol w - A~™ XN an NW S PN ct 0 PW oN on S 1D) el o a IN o BN i= w ow wns ot r tN gq oO 319 © ee) 4 ) o On 2 < Nite) =| OQ ©. & Sas Sys] sep HH ON 3 a S aA VN OOS Os () ob Ad VN 4 } = 0 Ww > N Vos ar wp tPe Aa fav j a fi n nw SEO poRsSkh HUH HP HO s zoo a0 H atoo pe MAE OFT NO RH ict ~ Lines Taliep OO) neh cide OG iet IA Bic eS Slo leo SHO) Ele tae SEO ao Dew HOR Gey eg oe = 3) Os Se Hh Han Wue HOO ZxHO NP NAA HO | rU) 4A Ob WO AHH BOS 2H ZOF QH OM MSA = fon] 4 4 2 s ie H m [| = = ea) 4 a 1 = = = Z 3ol Weather of the week continued from page 334. storms broke out over the Nation's midsection. The wettest band dumped from 1 to 2.25 inches of rain over central Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas Wednesday and Thursday. A Low situated in Mexico caused considerable cloudiness over the west coast, and scattered thundershowers erupted in northern California and Oregon. Also, a tornado was sighted 27 miles north of San Francisc Francisco. Friday was again clear over most of the Nation; however a few thundershowers lingered over Dixie. One storm dropped 4.20 inches of rain in southern Alabama. Friday, a Low drifted south from Canada and sat in the vicinity western North Dakota till mid- Saturday. East of its cold front, and south of an occluded front stretching from the Dakotas to Maine, muggy weather, peppered with thunderstorms and tornadoes, prevailed. Saturday and Sunday this system intensified. Sunday it deepended into a massive Low centeret in Canada just north of the Dakotas. Severe weather returned to the Plains; thunderstorms erupted from Texas to the Great Lakes; winds gusted from 50 mph in Oklahoma and 62 mph near Ft. Worth, Texas; Hebron, Nebraska, got 2.82 inches of rain. Late Sunday and | early Monday, warm, moist gulf air proceeded north to meet the system, resulting in numerous thunderstorms. TEMPERATURE: The East recovered from last week's cold snap: Temperatures east of the Appalachians averaged mostly from 1 degree to 3 degrees above normal. Some of New England and eastern New Yor] did, however, average from 1 degree to 3 degrees below normal. From the Appalachians through the Rockies, temperatures mainly averaged from 1 degree to 3 degrees below normal, with just a few pockets averaging 6 degrees below normal. The exception here was the northwéstern Corn Belt and parts of the Dakotas and Montan: which averaged from 1 degree to as much as 6 degrees above average Southern California west into central Arizona had temperatures from 1 degree to 6 degrees above normal. This band of higher than. usual temperatures extended inland into Canada, while the northern part of California's coastline and Washington and Oregon coastal areas averaged from 1 degree to 6 degrees below normal. East of the Mississippi, a Low kept the mercury down most of the week. Late in the week a High in the Atlantic off the Carolinas pumped moist, hot air into the East, first warming things up, then making ‘muggy and miserable. Early in the week, morning lows along the gulf were in the high 60's and low 70's; however, warm, moist air pushed inland around Thursday. Morning lows thereafter were in the 60's to high 70's, with afternoon highs in the 80's and 90's. In the Pacific Northwest, Highs in the Pacific kept coastal temperatures relatively normal. While in the interior, some desert air did get north and raise some midweek temperatures as high as 90 degrees. Soe U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST é WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 23 NO. 24 June 19, 1973 SB F253 Gen fp) £ ar: Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 June 15, 1973 Number 24 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM economic on barley in localized areas of Kansas and very spotted outbreak reported on orchard grass in Arkansas. Some controls applied to small grains in Virginia. GREENBUG flights into seedling sorghum heavy in south-central Kansas, killed seedling sorghum plants in isolated areas of Oklahoma. (pp. 355, 356, 369-370). EUROPEAN CORN BORER moth emergence underway in corn-—producing areas, some egg laying and damage to corn reported; infestations expected to be heavy this season in Maryland due to favorable overwintering conditions past winter. (pp. 356-357). ALFALFA WEEVIL infestations variable; larval populations decreased in some areas, adults increased in other areas. Eggs hatched in North Dakota, larvae and damage increased in southern and central Wisconsin and in southeastern and southern Iowa. (pp. 358-359). PAINTED LADY larvae damaged crops in some Western States. (pp. 360, 361, 363, 366). BOLL WEEVIL damage to cotton increased in lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (p. 360). Moth flights of HEMLOCK LOOPER and a GEOMETRID MOTH heavy in hemlock in western Pennsylvania. (p. 364). Weekly SCREWWORM confirmed cases indicate spring buildup in progress. (pp. 364- 365). Prediction SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE epidemic expected in Virginia which will exceed 1972 record damage in State. (p. 364). Detection New State records include a SEPSID FLY and a TACHINA FLY in aac 5 Go5 SEA) For new county and island records see page 368. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 8 unless other- wise indicated. - 353 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........... jietlei-o Melee terete OOS Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....356 Miscellaneous Field Crops. .361 SipMlilyGrenshasageeceu dob oc ...307 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers361 Forage Legumes...... eS ne --308 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .363 Soybeans....... Se Slipieate ona S - 360" “Small UPrudtsie. cles sete eos Cotton.) ... eiey ie et shewex au cee alice ....360 Forest and Shade Trees.....364 AKO EVO E BGO Ooo BORD ODO OM AHO 361 Man and Animals...... Sie ebeltedel OL SUSALMBCCUS ereteree ce oiclensteielemore Or: Hawaii “InsectuRepor ti5 cc atte Seis cicidie were: edensh ereyazehete slledonsyede le euaene a mean Beneficial Insects..... SP 2 SCH HOE I OOO. e old aie ehreqehel SeeyseeteneeeNene pO Federal and State Plant Protection PROGVAMS!. sho teuaretezsl noes Boe oode< 367 Dee SELON A Aiieroiaversuttete: x ahs) stoned sions edalerons BEC acne Eo Ole a) disvekooayemep oregon OS COEGME CUA ONS ey crate) oie) ooevererepnnenenenellorens aierenenene de SR Blois aaa oie uialo.0 0:0 « Bhsksie eee OS Lviohti Pap mCowlec talon Shy. ersten e.cicustensye Saenelouerelsmenetegs SheWalnstone Ree aro Oe, WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 11 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, HIGHLIGHTS: The eastern Corn Belt got 2 inches of unwanted rain early in the week; however, clear weather late in the week allowed farmers to get back into their fields. The rest of the East's precipitation was due to a slow moving cold front that took most of the week to cross the Nation. It was warmer than normal over most of the Nation, and uncomfortable in the East because of high humidity. PRECIPITATION: The western two-fifths of the Nation received virtually no rain, Scattered areas did get 0.30 inch, while daily showers brought coastal areas up to 0.80 inch. In contrast, areas from the Corn Belt to the Atlantic were peppered with thunderstorms. |. Areas in Texas, South Carolina, and Georgia got 4 inches or more of rain, while a large area in the eastern Corn Belt got 2 inches or more. Severe thunderstorms struck the Nation's midsection Monday. An intense Low, centered over Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, spread them from the central Plains to the Appalachians. In 6 hours Monday afternoon, Lafayette, Indiana, had 1.81 inches of rain, Martinsburg, West Virginia, 1.80 inches; Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1.12 inches. Twenty tornadoes tore into seven States and Louis-— ville, Kentucky, had a 70 m.p.h. wind gust. Tuesday, the cold front extending from the Manitoba Low divided the Nation weather- wise from Michigan to Texas. To the west, the sun shone and dry weather prevailed; to the east, it was hot and humid with locally heavy rains. Findlay, Ohio, got 1.42 inches of rain,an_the aiter— noon. The front slowly crept eastwards. It reached the Appalachians on Thursday, and sat alorg the mountains, stretching north through New York. On Friday, the front finally dissipated over New England. Along its way it had distributed heavy thunderstorms from the Great Lakes to the gulf. Tuesday and Wednesday Muscle Shoals, Alabama, got 2.50 inches of rain. On Thursday, another cold front moved southwards from Canada into Montana, Minnesota, and the Dakotas, bringing gloomy skies and some thundershowers to the Dakotas. Weather of the week continued on page 371. - 354 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - KANSAS - Economic infestations common in Cowley County barley. Some severely damaged barley with large proportion of heads clipped reported southeast of Arkansas City. Light to economic in wheat in Cowley, Chautauqua, Sumner, Harper, Sedgwick, and Harvey Counties; heaviest and only damaging infestations seemed confined to rank, thick stands of wheat, especially downed wheat. Infestations absent to light in wheat and barley in Greenwood, Butler, Wilson, Marion, and Coffey Counties. Large acreage of wheat and barley treated in Cowley County. Some treatments made in Labette County where infestations in wheat generally light. Treatments planned in some Sedgwick and Harvey County fields. Much rank and downed wheat and heavy popula- tions noted in some fields in area. (Bell). OKLAHOMA ~ Numbers declined in most areas as wheat matured but some fields still treated in northern counties. Larvae ranged third instar to full grown in Garfield County. Some movement to young sorghum noted in Garfield and Grant Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Very spotted P. unipuncta outbreak occurred in orchard grass in Benton County. Larvae present about 14 days before detected June 6; in one field no small larvae and only few full- grown larvae found. Heavy undetected feeding resulted in all leaves being destroyed. In another fieid, small to full-grown larvae and few pupae present; larvae ranged up to 10-12 per square foot, all leaves destroyed. Field cut for hay; quality reduced as bulk of forage harvested mostly stems and heads. Some fields with active infestations treated. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Larvae averaged 2 per plant in-no-till corn in central area; 2 or 3 fields involved (Craig). Larvae also damaged field of barley in central area, clipped heads noted. .(Thomas). NORTH CAROLINA - P. unipuncta larvae damaged no-till corn, conventional corn, small grains, and pastures in Rowan County. Stand loss very severe in several fields and treatments applied. (McNeely). VIRGINIA - Larval spraying began on about 500 acres of small grain in Lancaster County pricr to June 5. Treatment applied to 70 acres of small grain in Page County and an estimated 100 acres of small grain in Amelia County by June 5. (McSwain et al.). Growers should check small grains for this pest now. Popula- tions should build up next 21 days in no-till corn, (Allen). MARYLAND - Infestations generally well below past 3 years moderate to heavy levels. About 2,000 acres of barley sprayed past 2 weeks. Infestations well below 1 percent level in most small grains. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae present on field corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 12 per 10 sweeps in wheat and oats in Cass County. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Populations in grain fields still light; ranged trace to 140 per 100 sweeps, averaged 30. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Heaviest in southwest area, about 4 per 100 sweeps in oats. Lighter in central counties, averaged one per 200 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA —- Aduits 18 per 100 sweeps in maturing alfalfa at Gaines- ville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - This species and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) exerted maximum pressure on sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County; growers required to treat silks daily to produce marketable crop. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). - 355 - CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light on grain sorghum in Travis, Victoria, CaThoun, Tom Green, McCulloch, and Blanco Counties. Ranged light to moderate on grain sorghum in Knox County, light in Reeves and Pecos Counties. (Boring et al.). KANSAS - Light in whorls of sorghum in Coffey, Greenwood, Wilson, Montgomery, and Marion Counties. (Bell). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - KANSAS - Flights heavy into seedling sorghum in Harper County. Some fields treated May 31 and June 1 reinfested June 8 with heavy numbers of reproducing, winged forms; required second treatment. Most eastern areas pro- tected from damaging buildups on seedling sorghum due to control effects of frequent beating rains. In fields of 3 to 8-inch plants in Coffey, Greenwood, Wilson, and Montgomery Counties, counts ranged trace to 5.4 per plant with 2-95 percent of plants infested. Spotty infestations in other southeast district counties observed; no treating reported. Damaging infestation noted in Marion County near Peabody in field of 6-inch sorghum; populations averaged about 150 per plant with 100 percent of plants infested. About 25 percent of S. graminum found in whorls and caused characteristic yellow mottling of growing leaves emerging from whorls. Buildups in seedling sorghum reported in Sedgwick, Harvey, and Clay Counties. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - S. graminum killed seedling sorghum plants in isolated fields in Garfield, Grant, Kay, and Wagoner Counties. Controls underway. Some fields replanted. Very light numbers found in Caddo, Washita, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Generally light on grain sorghum in Travis, Victoria, Calhoun, Tom Green, McCulloch, and Blanco Counties. In Knox County, in Rolling Plains area, infestations ranged light to moderate. (Neeb et al.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa in Ogle County, 5 per sweep in Champaign County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Varied considerably, usually showing only as trace. Averaged 45 per 100 sweeps in one McLeod County alfalfa field. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Overwintering generation moths flying in Riley County in light numbers according to recent light trap catch. (Bell). IOWA - First mated female and egg mass found in Polk County. Adult emergence increased.- Adults abundant in grass near cornfields but most corn too small to attract ovipositing females. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Over- wintering larvae pupating in southern area. Overwintering mortality seems higher than normal, ranged 4-90 percent. High mortality and low overwintering populations indicate possible small first- generation brood. Trace populations of newly emerged moths observed in south-central, west-central, and central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Moths emerging throughout State; complete in southern area. Emergence 15 percent in central area, egg laying underway. Pupation 72 percent, moth emergence 4 per- cent in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adult emergence 80 percent complete in Tippicanoe County cornfield. (Hogg). OHIO - First-generation moths flying in Wooster area, Wayne County. Oviposition began June 3. (Rings). - 356 - MASSACHUSETTS - First O. nubilalis adult of season taken May 30 in light trap at West Bridgewater, Plymouth County. (Marini). NEW YORK - First moths taken in blacklight trap at Geneva, Ontario County, May 28 and 29; catches at low level since. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Moths increased in light traps in southern area, egg masses present in corn, (Ins.-Dis. Newslitr.). MARYLAND - First injury of season feund in earliest planted corn in Wicomico, Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester Counties. First and second-instar damage in 18-inch corn ranged 2-5 percent; about 900 acres damaged in these counties. Populations this season expected to be heavy due to favorable overwintering conditions past winter. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - First-brood moth flight ended; most egg masses hatched. Controls not necessary after June 7 in Northampton County and after mid-June in upper Accomack County on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Larval damage localized in cornfields throughout Coastal Plain. Infested fields observed in Hyde, Johnston, Wilson, Lenoir, and Sampson Counties. Checks in 5 infested Coastal Plain fields showed 15 percent of plants observed were infested. Damage similar to corn earworm damage in whorl; close observations reveal secretions or frass on stalk or midribs. (O'Neal). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - MISSOURI - Damaged corn in most areas of State. Damage observed in several fields in northeast area; 5-23 percent of plants cut off in 3 fields in area. (Keaster). Damaged 2 fields in southwest area; confined to small areas within fields and treatment applied. Damaged several fields in central area. (Munson). ILLINOIS - Continued number one pest of field corn this season due to extreme wet conditions. One field in Shelby County averaged 7 damaged plants per 100 plants, with 35 larvae per 100 ’damaged plants found. Larvae about half grown, will feed 7-10 days longer; feeding closer to soil surface due to wet conditions, corn still small. Most plants being cut above growing point will recover. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN — Caused light damage to corn in Richland and Adams Counties. Damage expected to’ increase as more Seedlings emerge. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged 200-acre corn planting in Delta area, Sacramento County; 3-4 larvae per plant common. Area in floodland earlier this spring. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND —- Damage to corn remained stable on Eastern Shore; adults ranged 6-15 per plant. Corn ahead of damage. Central area corn showed heavier feeding injury; counts ranged 4-12 adults per plant. Corn in central area just emerging. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Damage to corn light statewide. Minor foliar damage observed in Shelby, Nelson, and Spencer Counties on regular tillage corn; light to moderate on no-till corn in Bullitt County. Corn 4-6 inches high. (Barnett). SUGARBEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - IDAHO - Severely cut 135 acres of corn at Wilder, Canyon County, and heavily damaged stand of corn at Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. (Homa, Youtz). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NEVADA - Heavy on barley and required controls in Mason Vailey, Lyon County. (Guenthner). NORTH DAKOTA —- Winged and wingless forms in wheat and oats ranged 2-20 per 100 sweeps in Cass County. (Brandvik). WISCONSIN - Still relatively light in small grains; averaged about 15 per 100 sweeps, occasionally up to 50 per 100 sweeps taken. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 357 - PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - MONTANA - Infested spring wheat and barley in Jefferson County; large areas in fields bare. Grain about 3-4 inches high where not infested. (Pratt). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Adults ranged 5-15 per sweep throughout 75,000 acres of alfalfa at Fairfield Valley, Camas County. First larvae of season collected June 4. Treatment expected within 10 days unless frost sets back alfalfa. (Hazen). UTAH - Caused some conspicuous damage to alfalfa about State. Damage generally less than normal at time 10 percent of first crop harvested. Damage to date generally light to moderate. (Davis et al.). COLORADO - Larvae in second and third instars in Larimer County with first cutting of alfalfa progressing, damage still light. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Old adults declined to low levels in most areas, egg counts decreased to 2 or 3 per square foot in fields checked in Stephens, Grady, and Payne Counties. New adults common in many areas especially in northern counties. Larvae ranged 30-100 per 10 sweeps in panhandle counties and 150-200 per 10 sweeps in one uncut field in Alfalfa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Still active in northwest area alfalfa, but counts declined. Ratio of adults to larvae increased. (Boyer). KANSAS - Larvae decreased rapidly in alfalfa in southern two tiers of counties in south-central and southeast districts with only adults found in some fields in southernmost counties. Further north, some significant stubble feeding occurred, Treating noted in stubble in Osage County in east- central district. Treatment probably applied in scattered areas where damaging infestations occurred in northeast, central, and north-central districts. (Bell). NEBRASKA - H. postica population neared peak in Otoe County; larvae ranged 14-396 (average 150.3) per 100 sweeps and adults ranged 0-3 (average 0.45) per 100 sweeps. (Manglitz, Stevens, June 1). In 3 fields each in Antelope, Boone, Boyd, Colfax, Garfield, Knox, Madison, Pierce, Platte, Stanton, Wayne, and Wheeler Counties, larvae ranged 0-10 (average 2) per 100 sweeps; adults ranged O-1 (average 0.06) per 100 sweeps. These are new county records. (Keith, Koinzan, May 30). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults increased 2-fold in alfalfa near Spearfish, Lawrence County, week ending June l. Larvae just appearing, most in first instar. Adults averaged 321 (range 268-504) and larvae 28 (range 9-43) per 100 sweeps in field of 14-inch alfalfa; in 2 other fields in same area, adults averaged 228 (range 115-375) and larvae 52 (range 5-75) per 100 sweeps. No weevils observed in dryland alfalfa field east of Hot Springs, Fall River County; in irrigated field with heavier stand, adults averaged 104 (range 40-154) per 100 sweeps. Adults averaged 16 and larvae 41 per 100 sweeps in light stand of alfalfa near Wicksville in eastern Pennington County. West of Murdo, Jones County, 6 adults taken in 400 sweeps and larvae averaged 5 (range 2-8) per 100 sweeps. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - H. postica eggs hatched in McKenzie County alfalfa. Early larvae present June 5 averaged 300 per 100 sweeps in field near Cartwright, McKenzie County; adults 10 per 100 sweeps. Increased to 600 larvae and 60 adults per 100 sweeps by June 7. (Knudsen). WISCONSIN - Larvae and damage increased greatly in some southern and central county fields. Up to 25 per sweep taken in some; range of 1-2 per sweep common. Damage noted on 25+ percent - 358 - Sees of alfalfa tips in several fields. Growers not harvesting next 10 days should check to see if treatment will be necessary before harvest. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Larvae increased in alfalfa in southeastern and southern counties week ending June 1. Counts per sweep ranged 32-65 in Decatur County field, 4-8 in Lucas and Ringgold County fields; averaged less than one per sweep in Polk County field. Damage severe in some Decatur, Lee, and Van Buren County fields. (iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Hypera postica larval damage observed in fields of regrowth alfalfa after first cutting harvested in central area. (Munson). INDIANA - Percent infestation by county (number of fields in parentheses): Steuben (7) 28-100, Lagrange (6) 64-92, Noble (6) 12-72, Elkhart (8) 24-100, Kosciusko (3) 12-64, Marshall (7) 12-96, La Porte (6) 24-96. Larvae mostly third or fourth instar. Little activity noted in central and west-central districts north of Indianapolis through season; economic in southernmost portions of both districts and all of southeast district. Damage present, but noneconomic, as far north as Randolph County. (Huber, Meyer). KENTUCKY - Larval populations on alfalfa declined in northern areas. Averaged less than 10 per 100 sweeps in most fields. (Barnett). OHIO - Heaviest damage to alfalfa occurred generally in central and southern areas. Many fields severely damaged. Regrowth should be closely watched as soon as alfalfa is harvested. (Blair, Fox). MARYLAND - H. postica larval populations declined statewide. Pupation underway in all counties. Infestations on second-growth alfalfa remain below economic levels statewide. Larvae ranged 2-6 per sweep in most fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Damage light in alfalfa checked in Tompkins and Livingston Counties week ending June 4. Alfalfa 20 inches tall, ready for cutting. Eggs of Microctonus aethiops (a braconid wasp) found in female H. postica adults collected in ‘'ompkins County May 25. No M. aethiops Tarvae found. Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) recovered from H. postica samples from Niagara and Madison Counties; M. aethiops recovered in Madison County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Light H. postica infestations scattered on alfalfa throughout southern area; not economic, no treatment necessary. (Bowman). ALFALFA WEEVIL COMPLEX (Hypera spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Adults caused noticeable damage to alfalfa in several areas. Stands 10-12 inches high appear gray; caused by stem feeding of adults, resulting in stem collapse. Normally, weevils would have left fields for summer aestivation by now. Unusual populations at this time and continued feeding probably due to poor timing of treatment. Many fields treated early during heavy rain periods. Burclover also very abundant and succulent this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpite) is ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - NEVADA - Ranged 15-20 per sweep on 120 acres of alfalfa hay in Kings River Valley, Humboldt County. (Rose). Averaged 5 per sweep in several Orovada, Humboldt County, alfalfa seed fields. (Stitt). IDAHO - Larvae, about one inch in length, averaged about 1 per sweep throughout 75,000 acres of alfalfa at Fairfield Valley, Camas County. (Hazen) - 359 - PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - UTAH - Larvae damaged alfalfa at Richland, Sevier County, and Delta,Millard County. (Roberts et al.). COLORADO - Larvae damaged alfalfa in one area of Weld County. Treatment applied. (Rothman). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT —- Adult population decreased in alfalfa in Champlain Valley; increased in remainder of State with about 40 percent of leaflets showing mines. (MacCollom). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First-brood larvae heavy and feeding on alfalfa at Stratham, Rockingham County. (Bowman). MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae infested 2-4 percent of alfalfa leaflets in Hampshire County. Pupation about 50 percent. Feeding and oviposition punctures very numerous on mature alfalfa. (Jensen). SOYBEANS SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - MISSOURI - Extensive damage to: seedling soybeans reported from Audrain County; field will probably be replanted. (Thomas). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - KANSAS - Adults of this Species and Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle) caused light foliar damage in 6-inch soybeans in Greenwood County. (Bell). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults caused light injury to newly emerged soybeans in Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester Counties. Several hundred acres sprayed. (U. Md, “Ent 2 Dept:)- COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Punctured squares in lower Rio Grand areas of Brownsville, Primera, Mercedes, Weslaco, and Edinburg ranged 20-30 percent. Activity increased in Edinburg area; ranged up to 52 percent punctured squares. Catches in pheromone traps increased in Blacklands area. McLennan County reported 46 weevils from 6 traps in Elm Mott area. Hill County averaged 9.6 weevils per trap. Coryell County reported 4 weevils per trap. In Fisher County, 175 taken on one trap; Wilbarger 12, Cottle 9, Hardeman 8, Knox 4, and none taken in Jones, Hall, and Haskell Counties. Heavy activity reported past 2-3 weeks near Rule in Haskell and Stonewall Counties. Weevils found in fields in Nolan County. Overwintered weevils trapped in Runnels and Tom Green Counties continued to increase. In south-central area, pheromone trap catches declined significantly indicating emergence of overwintering weevils about complete. (Deer et al.). ARKANSAS - A. grandis counts continued heavy in Clay and Phillips Counties: In 10 traps each, 239 taken in Clay, 183 taken in Phillips. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Average weevil catches per Leggett trap by county: Grenada 14.64 (17 traps); Webster 31.52 (19 traps); Yalobusha 15.40 (20 traps); Bolivar 0.04 (176 traps). (Moody, Andrews). ALABAMA - Live weevils per acre on 5 to 7-leaf cotton in 3 Covington County fields averaged 45, 144, and 336. Counts in 10+ fields in Macon, Elmore, and Lee Counties ranged 50-550 per acre. None taken on 3 farms in Monroe County. (Pike et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Adult collections in Leggett traps doubled in most counties during period May 27-June 2. Due primarily to warm weather. (Hunt). - 360 - SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Damaged cotton in Baylor and Jones Counties in Rolling Plains. Moderate to heavy around field margins bordering native pastureland in Pecos and Reeves Counties. (Boring, Neeb). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - Light in Coryell County on older cotton. Infestations ranged 10-15 terminals infested in fields in Fisher County. Generally heavy on cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley but treatment not anticipated. Fleahoppers increased over entire south-central area. Little economic damage observed to date. Plants setting very well even where populations exceed 25 per 100 terminals. (Deer et al.). TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults on newly set tobacco ranged 2-8 (average 3) per plant. About 20 per- cent of crop planted to date in Prince Georges, St. Marys, and Charles Counties. Damage light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Light damage observed on tobacco in Bullitt, Anderson, Spencer, and Nelson Counties. (Barnett). SUGAR BEETS AN EPHYDRID FLY (Psilopa leucostoma) - WASHINGTON - First eggs of season appeared on sugar beets in Toppenish area of Yakima County. About 80,000 acres of sugar beets in area for potential infesta- tions; no damage yet observed. (Landis). PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - COLORADO - Larvae damaged sugar- beets in one area of Weld County, up to 10 per plant. Treatments applied. (Rothman). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - OREGON - Larvae light on pepper- mint leaves at scattered localities in Willamette Valley. Reports of larval activity received from Benton, Linn, Marion, and Polk Counties. Larvae prefer thistles but will feed on nearby crops; problems may develop where waste areas near crops have heavy thistle growth. As preferred food supply becomes scarce, heavy movement into cropland may occur. (Penrose). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Larvae ranged 2-3 per sweep in peppermint at Junction City, Lane County. Other larvae found in these fields include Spodoptera praefica (western yellowstriped armyworm), Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm), and an unidentified subterranean species. (Berry). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MARYLAND - Adults still active in Worcester, Somerset, and Wicomico Counties. Counts below 2-3 adults per 50 feet of row in potatoes and tomatoes; slightly heavier in potatoes. Larvae in first to third instars in most fields but damage light. Egg laying continued in aiblsecttonss (Up odie Ent.) Dept.) EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix fuscula) - INDIANA - Light, increas- ing on potatoes; heavy on Ssolanaceous weeds in Warren County. (Chandler). - 361. - TOMATO HORNWORM (Manduca quinquemaculata) - NEW MEXICO —- Adult flights very heavy at Albuquerque, Bernalilio County; nuisance to residents in city. (N.M. Coop. Rpt., June 1). GENERAL VEGETABLES SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Aduits active on newly set sweetpotatoes in Wicomico County; about 30 percent of acreage pianted to date. Adults ranged 1-3 per shoot with feeding injury weil below economic levels. Popula- tions should increase next 2 weeks. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Records - One female of a TACHINA FLY (Euvespivora sp., prob. decipiens Walker) found on window of home in Honolulu, Oahu, by F.G. Howarth in June 1972. Another female taken in light trap at Halawa, Oahu, in March 1973 by G. Toyama. Species is a parasite of Polistes wasps. Additional specimens, especially males, needed for more specific identification. Determined by R. Crosskey. (Hardy). A SEPSID FLY (Sepsis lateralis Wiedemann) first observed in State on University of Hawaii campus, Oahu, April 17, 1973, by R. Tsuda and J. Fujii. Adults attracted to odor of decaying stump of kukyi nut tree. Numerous specimens since collected from and observed on dog dung in Palolo and Manoa areas of Honolulu. Species is widespread over Palaearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions. Determined by D.E. Hardy. (Hardy). General Vegetables ~ Larvae of a LEAFMINER FLY (Phytobia maculosa) heavily mined Romaine lettuce in small backyard planting at Kahului, Maui. No infestation in adjacent planting of Manoa lettuce, This is first occurrence of species on Maui. Previously reported only from Oahu and Hawaii. (Miyahira). Man and Animals —- MOSQUITO coliections during May from 57 light traps operated on Oahu totaled 206 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 1,209 Culex pipien quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches were heaviest at Waiahole (total 163). Heaviest Culex catches occurred at Kawailoa (total 348). (Vect. Cont. Br., Environ, Health Div., State Dept. Health). - 362 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Eggs found in all pecan-producing areas of State, hatched in southern areas. Infestations still light in most areas except for 25 percent larval infestation in one Love County grove; moderate in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged light to moderate on pecan trees in Tom Green, Runnels, and McCulloch Counties. Egg laying and light feeding reported in Ward, Ector, and Midland Counties. Growers in Winkler, Martin, Upton, Reagan, and Glasscock Counties should watch closely for signs of activity. (Neeb et al.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Widespread and heavy on pecans in Llano County; some controls applied. Also heavy in Blanco County. (McWhorter). A DUSKY-VEINED WALNUT APHID (Panaphis juglandis) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations Spreading this season; heavy buildups required treatment. Infestations noted on walnuts in Merced, Merced County. This is a new county record. Biocontrol of Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut aphid) took species out of competition; walnut foliage now succulent and attractive to P. juglandis. C. juglandicola, when present, may have conditioned foliage so it was unattractive to PP.) jgugiandis. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Some adults noted on pears in Glastonbury, Hartford County; nymphs and adults numerous in New Haven, New Haven County. (Savos, June 5). UTAH - Adults heavy May 30 in pear orchard at Orem, Utah County. This is a new county record. (Davis, Barlow). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Alates active in apple orchards. (Rochette). CONNECTICUT - Eggs laid by first generation hatched in New Haven, New Haven County. Kggs found in East Lyme, New London County; adults trace in Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, June 5). UTAH - More numerous than for many years in orchards at Payson, Utah County; moderate in other orchards in county. (Davis, Barlow). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - CONNECTICUT - Migration heavy from mowed ground cover into fruit trees in New Haven, New Haven County; trace in Woodstock, Windham County, and Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, June 5). SMALL FRUITS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - UTAH - Larvae infested strawberries and other crops at Fillmore and elsewhere in Millard County. (Chapman et al.). CURRANT APHID (Cryptomyzus ribis) - WISCONSIN - Severely infested red currant leaves at some Dane County sites. Infestation expected to reduce yield significantly at one location. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) - NORTH CAROLINA - First adult of season collected from sticky traps near Burgaw, Pender County. Treatment underway in most fields. (Weaver). = 303i) — FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Heavy April rains, lower than normal salvage through May, and heavier than normal overwintering survival in brood trees portend potential problem. Based on past experience, an epidemic is expected which will surpass 1972 record damage in State. Area involved will expand beyond central Piedmont into Coastal Plain by Late 1973... (Va. Divi. MOG.) BOI. Pest Suv. Rpt.) SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Development still slow. In central Aroostook County area, around Oxbow and Ashland and in the Telos Lake country, about 90+ percent of larvae in third instar. Development more advanced with more larvae in fourth instar at St. Francis and Fort Kent and in eastern areas into Washington County. Spraying operations proceeded in experi- mental blocks. Treatment of principal area not begun. (Gall). HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moths heavy on hemlock at McConnels Mill State Park, Lawrence County, May 31; collected 263 in single light trap. Total of 885 moths taken in light trap 3 miles south of Rimersburg, Clarion County, on same date. Determined by E.E. Simons. (Haehn, Williams). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina athasaria athasaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moth flight heavy over area of about 1.5-mile radius two miles east of Clymer, Indiana County, June 1. Most larger hemlocks dead over area of 1l-mile radius. Determined by E.E. Simons. (Leach). LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae moderate May 31 on Larix decidua (European larch) at Dresher, Montgomery County; 12 larvae per branch on 40-foot tree. (Stimmel, Wheeler). Larvae ranged 4-5 per beat in 10 by 12-inch beating tray at Harrisonburg, Dauphin County, on same date. (Henry). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - SOUTH DAKOTA- Completely defoliated some American elm trees along Sheyenne River from Fargo to Kindred in Cass County. Larvae about full grown; some have Spun out to pupate. (Brandvik). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - MARYLAND - Larval defoliation ranged 30-90 percent on about 60 acres of hardwood forest on Sugarloaf Mountain in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OAK LEAFTIER (Croesia albicomana) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae almost completely defoliated oaks in some areas of Hampshire and Hampden Counties. (Mankowsky, Jensen). SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - MAINE - Heavy on poplars in Farmington area, Franklin County. (Gall). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Weekly confirmations indicate spring buildup in progress. Total of 211 confirmed cases reported in the continental U.S. during period May 27-June 2 as follows: Texas 26, Arizona 156, New Mexico 22, California 7. Total of 478 cases confirmed from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in - 364 - U.S. during this period totaled 105,352,800 as follows: Texas 74,662,800; New Mexico 5,236,500; Arizona 24,328,500; California 1,125,000. Total of 82,084,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VIRGINIA - Ranged up to 25 per face on horses and cattle in Montgomery County area. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Increased, but generally light on beef and dairy cattle in north- central area. Average counts per head by county as follows: Woodford 7.2, Anderson 7.5, Spencer 3.4, Shelby 3.0, Bullitt 1.2. (Barnett). OHIO - Heaviest counts to date, up to 19 per face, occurred on Charolais and Angus cattle in Noble County; caused some annoyance. (Fox). ILLINOIS - Averaged 0.4 per face on pastured cattle herd in Livingston County. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). MOSQUITOES - VERMONT - Adult populations increased in State. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND - Aedes spp. adult annoyance increased in Providence and Washington Counties May 28-31. (King, Field). Females heavy and biting residents in most areas of State. (Field). OHIO - Identifications and counts from light trap at Belpre, Washington County, showed: Aedes trivittatus 650, A. vexans 240, Culex spp. 100. Bite collections in Knox County revealed presence of A. stimulans. (Ohio Dept. Health, Encephalitis Unit). WISCONSIN - Populations and biting increased greatly due to warm weather. Problem not expected to improve due to abundance of suitable breeding pools. Annoyance to dairy and beef cattle moderate near lowlands or woods. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Aedes vexans present in 90 percent of larval collections made by Metropolitan Mosquito Control District week ending June 2. Brood of A. vexans resulting from rains May 21-25 emerged; nuisance levels very low. A. 3bserratus most important species in light trap collections week ending’: June 1. Trap collections light June 2-7. A. stimulans predominant in daytime bite collections. (Minn. Pest Rpt). INDIANA - Adults of Aedes canadensis canadensis, A. sticticus, A. stimulans, A. trivittatus, and A. vexans collected from woods in Tippecanoe County May 31. (Shroyer). A. sticticus adults also taken in Vigo County and A. canadensis canadensis taken in Jennings County. (Meyer). WYOMING - Aedes spp. adults active at Powell, Park County, and Worland, Washakie County. Larval controls applied in Albany County. (Spackman, Forcum). UTAH - A. dorsalis dominant species in Weber County; caused no Serious annoyance to date due to controls. A. vexans and A. nigromaculis present in most Kanesville and Taylor area pastures. Culex tarsalis appeared in light numbers. Controls applied tec 3,000 acres during May. Control generally good in Weber County. (Fronk). Mosquito annoyance Serious in Delta, Sutherland, and Deseret area; adults very heavy at Topaz, Millard County. (Chapman, Roberts). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Ranged 400-600 per animal on untreated cattle in Palm Beach County and averaged 292 per untreated beef animal at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur,). TENNESSEE - Ranged 30-50 per animal on dairy herd in Warren County. (Eisler). OHIO - Ranged 25-300+ per one side of back on 28 Charolais and Angus cattle (2-7 years old) in Noble County. Most of animals hosted infestations of 150-300+ per one side of back; heavier than at this time in 1972, (Fox). ILLINOIS - Averaged 8.3 per head on pastured cattle herd in Livingston County. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - H. irritans averaged 100 per - 365 - head on untreated cattle in Lincoln County. (Campbell). OKLAHOMA - Counts per head averaged 750 on cows, 850 on steers, and 3,000 on bulls in Payne County. Moderate in Pawnee, Comanche, Pontotoc, and Coal Counties; light in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in Tom Green County area. Heavy infestations reported from Archer County in Rolling Plains; some treatments applied. Moderate, 200-500 per animal, on cattle in Brewster, Jeff Davis, Midland, and Andrews Counties. Light on sheep in Midland and Glasscock Counties. (Boring et al.). BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Severe in most areas of State. (MacCollom). IOWA - Simulium spp. annoying in Plymouth, Scott, Dubuque, John- son, Des Moines, and Lee Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Unspecified species very heavy; annoyed humans and livestock along Platte Valley in Garden County, and in Cheyenne County. (Roselle). NEVADA - Simulium spp. adults heavy along Humboldt River in Humboldt County. (Rowe). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - WASHINGTON - Adults common, many first and second instars on Canada thistle in Ambay area, Clark County. (Shanks). Adults abundant near Sprague, Adams County. (Ericksom). IDAHO - Larvae infested musk thistle, Canada thistle, and related species throughout southern area. Caused minor damage to wheat, alfalfa, sugar beets, and beans when thistle depleted. (Church et al.). MONTANA - Common and not decreasing throughout western area. Larvae abundant on Canada thistle. (Pratt). KANSAS - Heavy larval infestations reported defoliating musk thistle in Cloud, Clay, and Riley Counties. (Bell). A CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae) - WASHINGTON - Several adults but no eggs or larvae Seen on tansy ragwort. At Ambay, Clark County, adults emerged 3-4 weeks earlier than normal. (Shanks). LADY BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Vacuum samples indicated averages of 6,525 adults and 10,000 larvae of Coleomegilla maculata per acre of alfalfa in Bolivar County. (Schuster). INDIANA - Adults of Adalia bipunctata (twospotted lady beetle) present in tuliptrees with infestations of Macrosiphum liriodendri (tuliptree aphid). Up to 5 adults noted on undersides of lower canopy of leaves of one tree in Tippecanoe County. (Meyer). KANSAS - Adults and larvae of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) heavy in wheat surveyed in some counties of southeast and south-central districts, especially where infestations of Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid) and some Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) found. Immature Nabis spp. (damsel bugs) common and some larvae of Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings) seen in aphid infested wheat. (Bell). ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE (Megachile rotundata) - WASHINGTON - Heavy male activity in earliest alfalfa seed localities, few females emerged. Parasitic species of Leucospis and Spayga seen flying around field shelters north of Pasco, Franklin County. (Johansen). ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - Mostly white pupae with colored eyes in late beds, many fully colored pupae and emerging bees in early beds in Touchet area of Walla Walla County. Few females starting to renest; male flight heavy on earliest beds 20 miles north of Pasco, Franklin County. (Johansen). - 366 - AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - INDIANA - Pupation occurred in alfalfa fields as far north as Steuben County. (Klingman). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - VIRGINIA - Immatures collected on oats near Gretna, Pittsylvania County, May 31, 1973, by W.D. Jones. Determined by R.E, White. This is a new county record. (PPQ). OHIO -— Adults conmon in wheat and oat fields. Species prefers spring seeded oats to fall-seeded wheat for Oviposition. Late oat planting forced adults to stay on wheat longer than usual; prolonged feeding damaged several wheat fields. Frosting reported in Perry County. (Blair). Mating and Oviposition occurred on oats in Tuscarawas and Stark Counties. Adult counts per 50 sweeps on oats by county: Stark 25, Jefferson 15, Carroll 5, Muskingum 21, Tuscarawas 36, Belmont 11, Coshocton 14. All plants in Tuscarawas County field heavily damaged by adult and larval feeding. (Fox). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs averaged about 10 per row foot in oats at West Sunbury, Butler County, week ending June 1. (Lilley). Averaged 3 adults and 2 eggs per row foot at 3 locations on university farm in Centre County, June 1. (Keim). GRASS BUGS - WYOMING - Labops hesperius ranged 1-300 per square yard on roadside plantings of crested wheatgrass throughout Laramie, Goshen, and Platte Counties. Damaged wheat at several locations east of Chugwater, Platte County. (Hardy). UTAH - Irbisia spp. moderate, caused some discoloration of giant ryegrass and other planted grasses in Logan Canyon, Cache County. Some green and tan species numerous, 10-40 percent adults. (Knowlton). GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Ranged light to moderate around edges of cotton fields in Hardeman County in Rolling Plains. Moderate to heavy activity noted in isolated cotton fields of Glasscock County in Trans-Pecos area. (Boring, Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Nymphal surveys in areas where economic adult populations found during 1972 showed general hatch underway in southwest and south-central counties week of May 7. Surveys week of May 14 in 10 west-central and northwest counties showed 5-8 species hatched in all rangeland areas checked; 90 percent first and second instars. Surveys week of May 21 in areas of expected economic populations showed threat-— ening nymphal populations in selected habitats. These surveys indicate major hatch and nymphal development about 10 days later than in 1972. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy, averaged about 20 per Square yard, on rangeland southwest of Artesia, Eddy County; heavily damaged sparse grass. (Perry). WYOMING - Ageneotettix deorum, Melanoplus spp., Amphitornus coloradus, and Cordillacris occipitalis ranged 20-30 per square yard on 15 sections of rangeland in Hot Springs County. (Patch). MONTANA - Psoloessa delicatula ranged up to 6 per Square yard on rangeland in Blaine County. (Pratt, June 1.). WASHINGTON - Cooperative grasshopper control programs planned for about 895,000 acres of rangeland in eastern part of State. Treatment started in Franklin County. Much private spraying being done. Controls applied in Benton, Walla Walla, and Franklin Counties. Counts generally heavier than in 1972 with development most advanced in southern Benton County; few Oedaleonotus enigma in adult stage. Grasshopper eggs still hatching in Doutlas, Okanogan, - 367 - and eastern Whitman Counties. (PP). NEVADA - Aulocara elliotti (35 percent), Melanoplus sanguinipes (15 percent), and Oedaleonotus enigma (50 percent) ranged 6-12 (average 8) per square yard on 12,000 acres of rangeland’ near Upper Clover Ranch, Elko County. (Giles, Wilson). M. bivittatus and O. enigma ranged 6-12 per square yard on 100 acres in northern Kings River Valley, Humboldt County, O. enigma ranged 4-5 per square yard on east side of valley. (Corta, Rowe). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Parasites released by State Forest Pest Management personnel during May at several eastern locations included 1,100 Apanteles melanoscelus (a braconid wasp) and 1,000 Brachymeria intermedia (a chalcid wasp). (Rhoads, Simons). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae in lawns in Washington County June 6. (Hannah). VIRGINIA - First adult of season found in Southampton County June 2 by H.L. Smith. (Allen). OHIO - Larvae maturing at rate similar to 1972. Surveys at 2 Akron locations showed up to 18 and 33 larvae per square foot, most in last instar. Some specimens in prepupal stage. Favorable turf growing weaker prevented damage from being visible. (Lawrence). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - First-instar larvae appeared in range areas of Union, Colfax, and Harding Counties. (Liesher). DETECTION New State Records - A SEPSID FLY (Sepsis lateralis) - HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 362). A TACHINA FLY (Euvespivora sp., prob. decipiens) - HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 362). New County and Island Records - MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) TENNESSEE - Observed June 1, 1973, in Anderson, Cumberland, Union, Loudon, Roane, Putnam, and White Counties. (Snodgrass). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) NEBRASKA - Antelope, Boone, Boyd, Colfax, Garfield, Knox, Madison, Pierce, Platte, Stanton, Wayne, Wheeler (p. 358). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) VIRGINIA - Pittsylvania (p. 367). A DUSKY-VEINED WALNUT APHID (Panaphis juglandis) CALIFORNIA - Merced (p. 363). A LEAFMINER FLY (Phytobia maculosa) HAWAII - Maui (p. 362). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) UTAH - Utah (p. 363). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(22):322 - "CURRANT BORER (Syanthedon tipuliformis) ..." should read "CURRANT BORER (Synanthedon tipuliformis) ..." CEIR 23(23):349 - Detection - ''TWO DROSOPHILIS FLIES ..." should read "TWO DROSOPHILID FLIES ..." (PPQ). - 368 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS oO tte no © co N oA KR o q (selon er) nN an A KERR | | Ow q q NAN Nao q (ey) .] q ~ A (oe) (sp) eo) | © | qd Ge) S j io) (sp) SS COMMAS i bt Se) I Ko) No 1 > st Xe) 1 >So! Te) 1 Onn Pht XS sS< cq = noo st Nan qo 1om sl el oO } oo SS OLIN se lise) 3) Hin 3A S I i Si oO pt Attn msi S&S Selenite) Oo“ © {op} | orn sn PANW ote) in ON iGo) Ooo N { 1o o 30 s>S> BTNN Xo LOSS Ss Hr SS a™~ qo O14 319M oO aNN ofc) oye) fl (8) (SI ite) 0 10 FOS ° fe) onwm ‘| Ss Ss P HO Huo | SS “4 VN Ooosg “1 Oa a oom AY =O ce) | on > SS S52) 0G) Hor gar =apPposg AWM NA » i n t=] n nw 4a Oo so4 pH & WO Qe (Sl (S| a, Mp St ©) > ey OS xsooo ono Paa OMOGD NH SH HO AunuxM AS CHO 42AH a @) Elder tel YES ders ele) Rd a ts] Sa Gy 1S) Zoo ed 2d ze Q& ce Qe aoaa Hoax HN x > ~o 3 Oa eae Ho Hatt aosoH NAHdAae B2Haoo Nea ° aa Mm AL oRe) Ho Axe =Mav Zote ZOn= n= =A == | [on] = 4 a fe) = Lan} lanl <3) & x & Lea! b=! Lol <2] = = Z a ! wo top} © | TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT OHIO Wooster 6/1-7 Clackamas 5/31-6/6 Linn 5/31-6/6 Marion 5/31-6/6 OREGON (Counties) PENNSYLVANIS (Districts) ise) tt Oo ac) i 2S Yn om t ooo © o mw 1o { MP ea I “di No 1 i muw jo) Pe ONO ‘ NNN isp) foo fos) - ise) } SSeS aS on ! Ww wom i nowuw WwW oN ON © isp) w i = ORO M ON i SO | ey) EAU) SACO) oO oA wo nun O s™ ise) aed ! aoe oO ma Hao pm aS Zand & } OVO vetieriy eS o Nom HOSS { aac Ax no rnd NONE | fae be oO NTH o 2oO00d Hos moO RHan no Osan | (omome) BH Barer’ ~ = non n no a¥o a0 Ho 2Oon AS OO 2Z2eaun tied Ze r= a On fa + oD 24 H= O00 HO ro) [o<1 =| 4 —_ = ics | _ 49 1 | 102 30 24 Randolph 5/31-6/6 Tippecanoe 5/31-6/6 INDIANA (Counties) 44 100 2 31 176 & 1 = ~~ © io komm | oe o™ AO oH n+ au oo 0 2 ar Sad ie) — - 390 KANSAS 6/8 Garden City 6/5,7,12 Tribune 5/30-31, Shakopee 6/7-13 MINNESOTA Worthington 6/7-13 MISSISSIPPI 67-93] 0.42 Stoneville 6/8-14 67 96 2BL q al en Ine,2) oa™ ~ 0 =xao & bo} Ox = OO ous Aga EY mane Eri O =oOmM © a 11 | 235 232 Wooster 6/8-14 OHIO OREGON (Counties) 92 53 Linn 6/7-13 Marion 6/7-13 a ” : 74 5° 2 SS = & » 7] Ont uy “A re = _ Hod™ n ay PHO t~ oO ont dq vn Ww (e) AO (ieee gu) O AIM o sini bt On SOS ~ 3H SS ae Gente) © O1A CO et SS a aN x OAN 1 HOO HWM Pp Bun wnHo q a < Ze UO) GD SS Ge) tt fet! (4 Goes Mo Wop SONS: — =>eco to ) mo BN Hua (apes Dre Hee O Spp oO nH o FHD ray TANS tn Sie) callie) us Zoo Be Zoo age Had = ZOg (ea) es els yy ES | priest (se rG) =| ° S| ie] cal = A n aa ia = ~ - 391 Darien 6/4-10 Jamesville 6/4-10 WISCONSIN HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pastures - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) generally trace in pastures at Kaupakulua, Maui; light in spots with 6+ larvae per Square foot. Four percent of larvae parasitized by Casinaria infesta (an ichneumonid wasp). (Miyahira). Forest and Shade Trees - Nymphs of a CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolin light and spotty on terminals of about 20 percent of trees on 25+ acres of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) at Olinda, Maui. (Miyahira). Beneficial Insects - Adults of a SCYOMYZID FLY (Sepedon sauteri) moderate in Swampy pasture areas at Waihee, Maui, and at Kalaupapa Molokai. Last release of this liver fluke snail predator made in April 1970. Larval activity of a TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) moderate on 100+ acres of wild blackberry at Waikamoi, Maui; 795 percent of terminals infested. Larvae of a HELIODINID MOTH (Schreckensteinia festaliella) light in this host situation. (Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests - On Kauai, no GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity noted during May in previous areas of infestation at Poipu and Wahiawa. Baiting and surveillance continued at Wahiaw, but curtailed temporalily at Poipu due to extreme drought during most of spring. On Hawaii, 8 specimens up to 2 inches in length collected in subdivision at Kona. (Sugawa, Yoshioka). Larvae of a GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa santaremaria) light to moderate and fed on foliage of wayside monkey pod trees at Ka'u, Hawaii. i (Matayoshi). | Weather of the week continued from page 374. | Later Thursday, it reached as far south as the Carolinas dumping | 1.26 inches of rain on Charleston. Friday, tne Low deepened over — Saskatchewan. Saturday, its front extended across the Great Lakes | into New England. Saturday and Sunday, the front moved east and south scattering rain over the eastern half of the Nation. Tornadoes appeared along the Ohio Valley and in many eastern cities, such as Baltimore and Richmond where tornadoes are uncommon. TEMPERATURE: The West, plus most of Texas and bordering States enjoyed temperatures from 1 degree to 9 degrees subnormal, The northern Plains, western Corn Belt, and the East stayed 1 degree to 6 degrees above normal. The East began with a heat wave; around midweek things became decidedly pleasant; and weekend temperatures in the Northeast turned cool--with highs from the- mid-60's to mid-70's on Sunday. Monday, numerous record highs wert set. Hartford, Connecticut, 98 degrees; Boston, Massachusetts, 995 degrees; Concord, New Hampshire, 91 degrees. Most of the heat was brought by the Bermuda High which pumped warm, moist air into the Nation's eastern half. A stationary front stretched from the northern Plains into the Great Lakes then through New England. Temperatures to the northwest of the front remained cool. Tuesday brought record lows to Bismark (34 degrees) and Fargo (39 degrees North Dakota. The front drifted slowly southeastward. Midday Wednesday, it sat along the Appalachians in the Northeast then through Kentucky. Early Thursday it swung over the Atlantic bringing pleasant temperatures as far south as the Carolinas. } Over the weekend, a Newfoundland Low deepened, extending a cold front as far south as North Carolina, sending shivering weekender home from Atlantic beaches with temperatures from the low 50'S the low 70's. ESQ?! = 1 ] iW Sey ae = ae: a 8 eh = rH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR= ARTES SMITHSGNIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 Th hae VOL. 23 NO. 26 June 29, 1973 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS | PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 23 June 29, 1973 Number 26 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM larvae damaged fescue for seed in Missouri; moth collections increased in blacklight traps in Kansas, Minnesota, and Michigan. (pp. 395, 411-412). GREENBUG heavy on sorghum in southwest Texas, increased generally in southeast, central, and southern Nebraska but mostly below economic levels. (pp. 396- 397). VARIEGATED CUTWORM unusually heavy and damaging on several thousand acres of alfalfa in western Nevada. (p. 399). VARIEGATED CUTWORM and ALFALFA LOOPER may require controls on mint in Oregon and Washington. (pp. 401-402). HORN FLY heavy on untreated cattle in Mississippi and throughout most areas of Texas. FACE FLY increased on cattle in Illinois, continued heavy in Mississippi. (pp. 405-406). PAINTED LADY larvae damaged soybeans in Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, sunflowers in Minnesota and North Dakota, several crops in Washington, and light damage to ornamentals and gardens in Willamette Valley of Oregon. (pp. 400, 402, 407). Detection For new county records see page 410. Special Reports Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States Gray Corn Weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal) (pp. 413- 414). Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 22 unless otherwise indicated. - 393 - CONTENTS Special amsects of Regional Siena van eye esesiene- cholerae sl eheeo oe Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..397 Potatoes, Tomatoes, SmavhleGrasinsmreraa ae ieee ele OS PepPerSiti. i... cheteae ee, (6,0) tueeeeee 402 Turt, Pastures, Rangeland .398) IColle (Grops aso soe -.-403 horace, legumes. «4. cs as. en 399- Cucurbitts>. 2 eee Bio receoio < 403 SOY DeanSice. = Sttsieaae ahs cia ---400 General Vegetables.......... 403 Cotton ig ies cus ealcks akeneneece 400 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...404 TODACC ORE Wee, peretel cre ene ncnston: 401 (Ornamentals 320 2s Sa ... 404 Sugar BEC tS visi. «css eiccioiie ee 401 Forest and Shade Trees...... 405 Miscellaneous Field Crops.401 Man and Animals............. 405 Benetveial? TINSSCUS yc cls cteleie ciere eniOI OOO OO ClO S66 6 00% 0 Sido 6 a EW Federal and State Plant Protection Programs...... BobodonoCCoOOT 407 Hawaii Insect Report....... Bs actos aed te eneey selec! bilepstzeteteceienenetene nemente Peete eye LO, DETTE CERO Ms Ss OS eS eee Raid Sao Re CmeMuOeia Rates Hote hd occ 410 Glo) is of Tou tp No) EN Diao Ee Hes ON OT OG OOP no noc t.6 so: Socodo Do 410 | Lights traps Col VEC CMON. sete eee toro he eu cione canoe ie ever tee Bre skal | Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States | Gray Corn Weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal)....... 4138) Weathers of “themweekiieiic ssi ee ve eiels lle) cielo ie \e/ehene oie feo eyeirecl eel onomei mene -.415 Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. - 394 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - KANSAS - Infestations in maturing wheat in many central and north-central counties generally very light, mostly confined to downed wheat. Heaviest infestation found in Rice County, averaged about 2.5 per drill row foot in downed wheat with upright wheat in same field with only trace ‘numbers. Parasitism by braconid wasps heavy; pupation of P. ‘unipuncta larvae well underway. Recent increases in blacklight ‘trap moth catches in Brown and Riley Counties indicate some ‘first-generation emergence. (Bell). MISSOURI - Severely damaged total of 1,600 acres of fescue for seed in Douglas County. Pupae averaged 13 per square foot with moths emerging (Huggans). MINNESOTA - P. unipuncta moth collections increased in all light traps; more moths observed in fields. Heavy stands of grain, particularly lodged areas over damp ground, will be particularly attractive for egg laying and should be checked for larvae next few weeks. Hatch and larval survival very much dependent on optimum weather conditions. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Damaged corn in Sheboygan County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Larvae appeared on no-till corn, particularily corn on sod. (Sur. Bull). MICHIGAN - Blacklight collections increased considerably with abundant moisture and warmer temperatures. Rate of infestation in small grains far below normal for time of growing season. (Sauer). MARYLAND - Infestations still below normal in wheat and corn. Larvae in most infested fields ranged 1-2 per 300-400 plants. Heaviest damage reported from 10-acre field near Bel Air, Harford County, where 20 percent of plants damaged. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae light on corn in most Piedmont counties; damage light due to lateness of season. In mountains and mountain valleys damage still spotty. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Infested no-till corn planting in Johnson County; 3 plants out of 10 damaged. Larvae averaged 1.5 per plant. (Gregory). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Absent in all but youngest oat fields in southwest; about 1 per 100 sweeps noted in one Green County field. Samples taken in line across State from Hudson, St. Croix County, to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, ‘Show heavier infestations. Lowest count 8 per 100 sweeps near River Falls, Pierce County; heaviest counts 25-30 per 100 sweeps ‘between Mondovi, Buffalo County, and Marshfield, Wood County. In Waushara and Winnebago Counties, near lettuce-growing areas, 11-20 ‘per 100 sweeps noted. (Wis. ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Decreased markedly from high counts reported in central district last period \(CEIR 23(25):376). May be due in part to strong, cool winds. Counts lusually higher in sheltered areas than in open fields; generally ranged 20-200 per 100 sweeps with most counts ranging 90-140 per (100 sweeps in southwest, south-central, and central districts. Only trace numbers found in southeast district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Treatment of roadside weed hosts and abandoned cultivated fields completed ‘in Merced and western Fresno Counties. Preliminary checks indicate very low incidence of curly-top infection. Curly top ranged zero to 2 percent in tomato fields in western Fresno County; curly top damage averaged less than one percent in tomatoes and sugar beets in Merced County. Leafhopper counts ranged 5-10 adults per 10 Sweeps of mustard along roadsides and creek bottoms in Newman, Gustine, and San Luis Forebay areas. Curly-top infection as high - 395 - as 3 percent in tomato fields near Blackwells Corner, southern San Joaquin County. Infection relatively high in field of table beets in same area. Curly top found in tomatoes in Famosa, Wasco, and Shafter areas of Kern County; heaviest infection (6 percent) found in field of sugar beets in county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Reported from all grain sorghum-producing areas of State. Generally light in south- central, Blacklands, north-central, Rolling Plains, and High Plains areas. (Boring et al.). OKLAHOMA - Present in most sorghum in Major, Alfalfa, and Ellis Counties; ranged up to 100 per plant in some older fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Light on small sorghum; should increase rapidly next few weeks. No Significant damage anticipated. Averaged 0.8 per plant in 173 Clay County fields surveyed June 18-21. (Keith et al.). INDIANA - Few alate and apterous specimens observed on corn in Tippecanoe County. (Sillings). In Kosciusko County, infestations ranged 0-28 percent in corn grown for grain. (Engelberth). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum in Uvalde area. Heavy in several sorghum fields of Uvalde, Medina, and Frio Counties. Treatments recommended in all but 2 fields and also on forage sorghum where S. graminum had severely damaged portion of field. Generally light in south-central and Blacklands areas. Increased in San Angelo area, Blanco County. Light on seedling grain sorghum in Moore, Hale, Floyd, Lamb, Hutchinson, Hansford, and Sherman Counties. Populations generally well below economic threshold levels. Beneficial insects heavy in fields. S. graminum common in all Hale County fields. Ranged less than one to 8 per plant. (Stuart et al.). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in Conway, Franklin, and Johnson Counties. Absence may be due to heavy rainfall and high humidity. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - S. graminum moderate in young sorghum in Pawnee County, light in Texas County. Surveys in Ellis County showed one field of 8-inch sorghum with 1-20 per plant on scattered plants, one field (3 inches) with 1-10 per plant on scattered plants, and one field (5 inches) with 1-20 per plant on most plants and up to 80 per plant on occasional plants. Survey negative in 4 fields in Major and Alfalfa Counties, but two showed damage from earlier infestations. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Generally light on sorghum over most of State. Threatening infestations reported in 3 fields in Stevens County where counts averaged about 47 per plant on 6 to 7-inch plants June 18; increased to average of 117 per plant by June 21; parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) less than 1 percent. Parasitism by this wasp ranged up to 35 percent in greenbug infested (light to moderate) sorghum in Marion County and 10 percent in field in Ottawa County. Lady beetle adults generally abundant in sorghum checked in central and north-central counties and exerting some control. (Bell). NEBRASKA - S. graminum increased generally on sorghum in south- east, central, and southern crop districts. Most field populations well below economic levels and sorghum growing rapidly, reducing possibility of seedling damage. Late-planted fields must be watched closely. Flights very light--only 5 caught in 4 yellow pan traps in Clay County, June 15-21 (Roselle, Gary). Very light in Clay County wheat, ranged 5-6 per 50 sweeps June 15. Wheat beginning to ripen. (Danielson, Meyer). In 3 Jefferson County grain sorghum - 396 - fields, greenbug ranged 0-144 (average 91) per 10 plants. Light damage noted in small sorghum. In Saline County, ranged 0-48 (average 24) per 10 plants. No economic infestations observed June 18-21 in Clay County; 173 fields surveyed. S. graminum averaged 0.9 per plant over county. (Keith et al.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs appeared in alfalfa; up to 10 per sweep in one Green County field. Adults still dominant and increased. Up to 26 per 100 sweeps noted in Bayfield County; counts rarely over 5 per 10 sweeps in southern part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Adults ranged 2-3 per Sweep in southern district alfalfa; generally less than one per sweep in northern districts. Nymphs still rare. Adults occasionally common on soybeans. (Meyer). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - VIRGINIA - Damage noted on newly set tobacco. Economic in several fields in which tobacco well advanced for season in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick; June 15). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Very light in field of 30-inch corn in Republic County, no eggs found and 4 per- cent of plants "shotholed" (largest corn in area). Field of 26- inch corn in Riley County showed 24 percent "Shotholed"” whorls, ho eggs. Although some larval mortality indicated, few first and second instars found. Recent blacklight trap catches indicate moth flights decreased in northeast and north-central districts. (Bell). MISSOURI - Larvae, first through third instar, ranged 3.3-7 per plant in 38 to 4l-inch-tall northeast area corn. Leaf feeding on 94-98 percent of plants. Corn 26-32 inches tall in same area showed 20-40 percent of plants with leaf feeding and larvae, first and second instar, 2 per plant. In east-central area, 38 to 45- inch corn showed leaf feeding on 53-91 percent of plants. Larvae, first to fourth instar, ranged 2-5 per plant in these fields. (Thomas). NEBRASKA - Few problems observed or expected with first-generation borers of O. nubilalis. Most corn much smaller than normal for late June; should be well protected by resistance factor. Light trap catches decreased sharply at all locations. (Roselle et al.). NORTH DAKOTA - Borer development in continuous irrigated corn in Dickey County 20 percent larvae, 80 percent pupation. Thirty per- cent of pupae emerged. In La Moure County, 40 percent larvae, 60 percent pupae, and 10 percent of pupae emerged. Irrigated corn in these counties 12 inches tall. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Pupation about complete; adult emergence ranged from 20 percent in south- west and west-central districts to 90 percent in southeast district. Eggs and larvae trace in southeast district; 2 egg masses and 7 first and second instars found on 16 to 22-inch corn. No egg masses or larvae reported from other districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). INDIANA - O. nubilalis larvae heavy in isolated fields of corn. One field in Jackson County with corn 50 inches tall, 100 percent infested, and several fields of 27 to 32-inch corn in southeast district 80 percent infested. However, corn generally too short for large populations. Larvae ranged first to third instar (third instars uncommon) in southern and central districts in corn grown for grain. (Sillings, Meyer). Egg masses ranged O-7 per 100 plants - 397 - in Kosciusko County. (Engelberth). TENNESSEE - Ostrinia nubilalis larvae damaged corn in about 1 percent of fields surveyed in central area. Damage in infested fields in many areas localized, but heavy. Light trap catches indicate no large general population. | (Gordon). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - Larvae infested some sorghum fields at Avra Valley, Pima County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - This species and Heliothis zea (corn earworm) caused some light ragging of leaves on older corn in Panhandle area. Damage confined to foliage and noneconomic. (Clymer). ALABAMA —- Scattered first-generation D. grandiosella larval infestations (second to third instar) occurred in 30-acre corn- field in Cullman County. (McQueen). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - NEVADA - Caused medium to heavy damage to silage corn in Fallon area, Churchill County. (Roze). NEBRASKA - Scattered, mostly light damage observed in Clay County corn (238 fields surveyed); economic in 3 fields; 13-43 percent of plants damaged. Most larvae fourth instar to full grown. | (Helzer et al.). | YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) - KANSAS - Some heavy infestations in sorghum in Harvey County, treatments made. Small larvae infested about 10 percent of seedling sorghum plants along border of field in Saline County. Very light along borders of second field in Saline County and in cornfield in Mitchell County. (Bell). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEBRASKA - First D. virgifera and D. longicornis larval activity observed at Mead, Saunders County, June 15. First larvae detected in Clay County June 20. (Tiedje, Gary). One Adams County cornfield examined June 21 had 50 percent of plants (24 inches extended leaf) infested with 1-5 small larvae. (Peters). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Built up in grain sorghum in much of south-central area. Adults noted in Temple area, Bell County, Hillsboro area, Hill County in Blacklands area. Late sorghum in south-central, Blacklands, and north-central areas should be checked for damaging infestations as fields head out. (Cole et al.). SMALL GRAINS YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) - ARKANSAS - Infested rice field in AShley County. Infestations of lepidopterous caterpillars in rice very rare in State. S. ornithogalli common pest in State, more so than usual. (Boyer). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND CICADAS - NEVADA - Okanagana spp. and Platypedia sp. adults unusually heavy on rangeland and adjacent land in areas of Carson City and Douglas, Esmeralda, Lyon, Storey, and southern Washoe Counties. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). - 398 - y FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING — Counts per 5 sweeps of alfalfa week ending June I5 by county: Goshen, 34-97 at Torrington; Sheridan, 8-80 at Sheridan; Park, 16-319 at Powell. (Pike, Burkhardt). UTAH - Damaged scattered alfalfa forage fields in Delta, Sutherland, Desert, and Fillmore areas of Millard County. Seed fields and many stubble fields treated when first crop removed. Most alfalfa treated in Sevier County, or stubble to be treated. (Knowlton). Much stubble treated in northern and central counties after severely damaged first-crop alfalfa removed. (Davis, Roberts). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on alfalfa at Waterflow, Farmington, and Bloomfield in San Juan County. Uncut alfalfa peas, damaged. (Heninger, Patterson). TEXAS - Activity generally decreased with no major problems evident in Panhandle area. (Clymer). WISCONSIN - Most H. postica larvae pupated; adult emergence occurred in some areas. Larvae will continue feeding through summer. Larvae, 25 per 10 sweeps, caused noticeable damage to regrowth of early cut alfalfa in Iowa County; no serious loss expected. Counts unchanged with some decrease due to pupation. Some Door County fields show 30-35 percent leaf feeding; some noticeable damage reported from Wood County. Treatments applied in southern Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Collected by N.D. Miller as follows: Woodbury June 11, Plymouth June 13, Ida June 11, Cherokee June 12, Sac June 12, O'Brien June 13, Clay June 14, Monona June 11, Buena Vista June 12, Lyon June 14, Sioux June 14. These are new county records. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Severe damage noted in unprotected alfalfa test plots in Ingham County. Migrating into plots that had been protected by sprays. Populations and damage extremely heavy this year. (Ruppel). ILLINOIS - H. postica damage decreased rapidly. Larvae pupated, adults emerged. Adult feeding decreased. (Sur. Bull.). INDIANA - Larvae generally uncommon in southern district alfalfa; averaged 4 per sweep in 2 southeast district fields. (Meyer). KENTUCKY - Larval populations very light statewide. About 90 percent of adults in diapause in central area. (Parr, Gregory). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - Larvae averaged one per 2 sweeps in alfalfa field in Ada County. (Peterson). UTAH - A. californica and related species ranged 5-12 per sweep and damaged alfalfa in many parts of Sevier County and few scattered fields in Millard County. (Knowlton). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NEVADA - Unusually heavy, damaging larval population of alt instars ranged up to 10 per crown on several thousand acres of alfalfa in Douglas, Esmeralda, Lincoln, and Lyon Counties. Plant regrowth completely stopped, all green tissue stripped from stubble in many fields. Seedling fields completely destroyed. In some instances controls ineffective, possibly due to improper dosage and cold weather. Treatments being started or continued. (Arnett et al.). GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Hatch of Melanoplus bivittatus and M. differentialis about complete in all districts. Less than anticipated populations appeared in Kittson and Marshall Counties in roadsides and field margins. Drier than normal weather and heavy deposits of windblown silt on roadside ditchbanks probable - 399 - factor in depressing hatch. Some roadside and field margin spraying reported in Wilkin and Clay Counties. Trace numbers in most districts. Averaged 70 per 100 sweeps in one west-central district alfalfa field, ranged 2-8 per square yard in another field. Ranged 175-200 per 100 sweeps in one Sibley County roadside. M. bivittatus and M. differentialis dominant. M. femurrubrum and M. sanguinipes first and second instars appeared in trace numbers. (Minn. Pest _ Rpt.). INDIANA - Early instars of several short-horned species ranged 0-8 per 5 sweeps in southern district alfalfa. (Meyer). PLANT BUGS - WYOMING - Counts per 5 sweeps on alfalfa ranged 18-119 at Torrington, Goshen County, and 16-185 at Sheridan, Sheridan County, week ending June 15. (Pike, Burkhardt). OKLAHOMA - Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) adults need 2-11 per 10 sweeps in Major, Harper, Alfalfa, Ellis, and Woodward County alfalfa. Reproduction occurring, nymphs about twice as common as adults in most fields. Moderate in west-central counties. (OKla. Coop. Sur.) ; ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Heavy on first-cut alfalfa in Addison County, adults declining rapidly. (MacCollom). SOYBEANS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - MINNESOTA - Significant damage reported in scattered fields in Traverse, Big Stone, Stevens, Grant, Lac qui Parle, and Yellow Medicine Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Larvae moved from thistle and weeds to soybeans in western and northwestern areas; feeding evident. (Sur. Bull.). IOWA - Larvae fed on soybeans. Infestations appear to be state- wide, but only few fields show severe defoliation. Some spraying on portions of fields reported. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Very light numbers fed on foliage of soybeans in Wabaunsee County field. Larvae nearing full growth, some pupated. (Bell). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Based on reports, adults present on seedling soybeans in some Lancaster County fields and controls applied. (McSwain). Adults 2-3 per row foot on 2,000 acres in King George County. Hot, dry weather may cause problem if reproduction starts soon. No problem yet. (Hall, June 12). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KANSAS - Heavy numbers of first- generation adults caused significant girdling and defoliation of seedling soybeans in small Morris County field following cutting of adjacent alfalfa. (Bell). GRASSHOPPERS - OHIO - Cool, wet weather retarded nymphal develop- ment in central area. Specimens up to one-fourth inch long common. Populations in soybeans generally light, no heavy feeding observed to date. (Fox). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ARKANSAS - Leggett trap catches declined, but still relatively high at some locations. Following counts for 5 weeks per 10 traps by county: Clay 476, Craighead 41, St. Francis 4, Phillips 110, Chicot 27, Pulaski 12, Lafayette and Miller 8, Mississippi (10 traps first 2 weeks, 7 last 3 weeks) 43. Significant that heavier counts taken in north delta than in south delta. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Adults continued to emerge from - 400 - hibernation in Grady County; 1-4 weevils of Anthonomus grandis taken per night in one Leggett trap at Chickasha. (Okla. Coop. Sy.) BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - MISSISSIPPI - Light trap catches indicate reduction of moth activity. Some terminal damage oceurred in older Delta area cotton. Some treatments applied. (Robinson). TENNESSEE - Few eggs found in some fields, but beneficial insects sufficient to contain them at this time. (Patrick). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - This species and Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (cotton fleahopper) increased in many cotton fields in State. Samples from Bolivar County show 2,600 L. lineolaris and 1,700 P. seriatus per acre. L. lineolaris averaged 4 per 100 terminals in Rankin County. (Schuster, Barker). FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged edges of cotton fields in many areas of Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Damage to newly set tobacco by overwintered adults light to moderate. Damage generally subeconomic in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, June 15). SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Peak fly emergence occurred June 13 in Walsh and Pembina Counties. Eggs and flies now in all beet fields in these counties. (Kaatz). WYOMING - Adult counts decreased slightly at Powell, Park County, week ending June 15; counts heavy at Heart Mountain, up to 2,000 per 3-day trap catch. Mating and oviposition continued in these areas. Many eggs hatche” 7 days or more before June 15; larvae damaged sugar beets. (Burkhardt). SPINACH LEAFMINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - MICHIGAN - Severely damaged sugarbeet field in Bay County. Larvae mined leaf petioles and damaged new growth. Amount of damage unusual as pest considered minor and usually found. near home gardens. (Ruppel et al.). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Larvae ranged 1-2 per sweep in Dever area peppermint, Linn County, June 21. : Damage evident in many fields but not excessive. Estimated 50 percent of larvae in first instar; controls may be necessary as larvae increase in size. (Penrose). About 45 percent of larvae taken from mint at various locations in Willamette Valley and Grants Pass area of Douglas County parasitized; next generation may be much reduced. (Berry). WASHINGTON - Larvae of all sizes ranged 1-6 per sweep in mint at Prosser, Benton County; up to one- third of leaves destroyed. (Klostermeyer). Moth catches totaled 1,797 from several pheromone traps in Snohomish, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties. Since June 11, large numbers of small larvae found on several crops;mostly spinach and corn. Damage extensive, especially on corn. Larvae not yet found on crops in immediate vicinity of traps, except one larva on alfalfa. Few half-grown larvae collected from peas. (Eide, Byrn). - 401 - VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - OREGON - Larvae ranged 3-5 per sweep in peppermint planting near Marion, Marion County. (Berry). Larvae ranged O-1.5 per sweep in peppermint fields in Dever area, Linn County. Population levels generally increased in Willamette Valley plantings; fields with higher counts will require controls to prevent economic loss. (Penrose). REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - OREGON - First adults of season taken in blacklight traps near Metolius (5) and Culver (2), Jefferson County, during period June 13-19. (Berry). PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - MINNESOTA - Larvae caused significant damage to scattered fields of sunflower in Traverse, Big Stone, Stevens, Grant, Lac qui Parle, and Yellow Medicine Counties. In heavily infested fields, sunflower plants completely stripped of leaves. Outbreak believed to be declining; most larvae will complete feeding within next 7 days. In fields with small larvae, damage will continue. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae and feeding evident on up to 70 percent of sunflower plants in Walsh and Pembina County fields. (Kaatz). WASHINGTON - Larval infestations in Okanogan, Stevens, Yakima, and Spokane Counties damaged blue grass, clover, thistle, cocklebur, weeds, beans, alfalfa, and other crops. Larvae of all sizes present, but full grown more prevalent. (Woodrow et al.). SUNFLOWER BEETLE (Zygogramma exclamationis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Up to 7 (average 3) adults per plant in several sunflower fields in Pembina County. (Kaatz). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - OREGON - Built up in peppermint plantings at Grants Pass, Douglas County; controls applied. Also heavy in mint fields in central part of State. (Berry). . POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - VIRGINIA - Many adults emerged, fed heavily on potato vines in Accomack and Northampton Counties. Crops harvested early and left overnight in fields subject to adult feeding damage. Those harvested later not as likely to be injured, many adults will have died or entered summer aestivation. (Hofmaster). MICHIGAN - All stages found at experiment station and in 3 commercial fields in Montcalm County. Treatments should be applied now while vines still fairly small as population beginning to build. (Sauer). POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - WISCONSIN - Caused heavy damage to potatoes in Wood County. Complex of flea beetles other than this species damaged cabbage plants in same county. (Wis. Ins.) ‘Su..)i EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Three adults taken, many larvae entered pupal stage. Damage to untreated potato vines heavier than for several years in Accomack and Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster). - 402 - COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - VIRGINIA - Adults (123) collected in light trap; excellent condition indicates local emergence. Development much ahead of 1971 and 1972 when 3 and 4, respectively, collected for same period. Recent heavy rains may have curtailed development by killing newly emerged individuals. All growers in Accomack and Northampton Counties should keep close check. (Hofmaster). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cabbage in Cleveland County and leaf lettuce in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OHIO - Most seriously damaged cabbage in central and southeastern areas observed in home gardens. Heavy feeding often occurred on 100 percent of plants. Commercial plantings frequently showed only minor damage; in three southeastern cabbage fields, less than 40 percent of plants ready for harvest Showed noneconomic injury. (Fox). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - OHIO - Adults observed on cabbage in Ross, Pickaway, Delaware, and Vinton Counties. Populations up to one beetle per plant found in localized areas of commercial plantings, but one adult per 4-8 plants more common. Damage noneconomic. (Fox). CUCURBITS SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on watermelons in Comanche County, moderate on cucumbers in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). , GENERAL VEGETABLES ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Built up on onions in Delta and Montrose Counties; ranged 15-20 per plant. (Bulla). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Larvae averaged 16 per row foot in 45-acre carrot planting at Milton- Freewater, Umatilla County, June 14. (Burkhart). Larvae very light June 20 in single carrot planting in southern Marion County. (Penrose). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - OREGON - Larvae prevalent in table beet plantings in Willamette Valley; treatments necessary. (Penrose). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MICHIGAN - Adults taken in blacklight trap in Oceana County, about 3 weeks earlier than usual. Fields should be checked carefully. Early control critical. Larvae over one-half grown hard to control. (Sauer). - 403 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Peak emergence occurred Statewide. Pheromone trap catches decreased since June 15 by average of 6-8 adults per trap. Fresh larval stings and entries noted on fruit. (Sauer). COLORADO - Pheromone trap catches indicate | reduction in moth population since end of May and first cover Spray in Mesa County. Ranged 2-10 moths per trap per 7 days. (Bulla). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - First adults of season taken in Northboro area of Worcester County; averaged 28 per trap. This is 7 days earlier than in 1972 and exceeds heaviest catch of that year by three. (Costante). NEW JERSEY - First adult emergence expected in central area apple orchards during last week of June. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - Light to moderate in Scattered apple orchard blocks in southern counties. This situation expected for time of year. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). OHIO - Populations long suppressed by cool, wet weather, now exhibit Significant increases in Wayne County; not yet economic. (Halll)i% PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae entered pecan nuts throughout State. Infestations moderate in Pontotoc and Bryan Counties but light in most other areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy damage to small pecan nutlets by first generation noted in Wilbarger County where no treatment applied. Second treatment applied in several counties in Rolling Plains area. Light damage to young pecan nutlets noted in Ward and Midland Counties. Damage in Midland County commercial orchards averaged less than one percent. (Boring, Neeb). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on pecan trees in Pontotoc County, larvae appeared in Payne and Latimer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). YELLOW PECAN APHIDS (Monellia spp.) - TEXAS - Light on foliage of pecan trees in most counties of Trans-Pecos area. Heavy infestations reported from Baylor, Hardeman, and Wilbarger Counties of the Rolling Plains. Honeydew collecting on cars, lawn FUT ALEEES 2 and sidewalks in area. (Neeb, Boring). ORNAMENTALS BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Extremely heavy populations noted on evergreens in Brazos County. Populations up to 10 per branch. Heavy populations also noted on live oaks and pecan trees in same area. (Cole, Green). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Severe infestation noted in one localized ornamental spruce planting at Concord, Merrimack County. Pupation began and some adult emergence noted. (Mason, Keating). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - VIRGINIA - Adults taken from hollyhock in Botetourt and Hanover Counties and in Independent | City of Richmond June 20, 1973. These are new county records. (Allen). NEVADA - Collected on hollyhock at Hawthorne, Mineral County. This is a new county record. 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(ER) Geveratiy INFESTED AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. SUPPRESSIVE AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. (GRR) STATE REGULATIONS ONLY - SUPPRESSIVE AREA. RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: CONSULT YOUR) |. RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE OR WHITE. AGENT FOR AS AREAS UNDER 2.GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. FOR MOVING R q | PROTECTION ‘ 3.GREEN INTO GREEN. 4. WITHIN GREEN ° (See Reverse sig, 5.BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA. | ° IF IT IS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD OF SPREAD EXISTS. oo IF REQUIRED BY STATE REGULATIONS OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. QUARANTINES |, AGRICULTURE INSPECTION SERVICE RANTIN GRAMS ED STATES ee eee —_ _ eens bo ee — oe ees — = Sa “4yUUus YLOLlLO AVA Spunoad ee” JO WNUTUTU e@ OF pesseiduiod JT ydwexe exe sxz9qUTT *“STOQUTT U0940D = °9 *quoudtys IOJ adeyoed S[TSULS @ UT peTquesse oq Aew soTdwes ouy, *qduexo ore aZTS eperq Tensn 934} JO YUTT u04400 Jo sotdueg *pouTequtew ST JUTT U0Z{Z0D peTeq ayy Jo AQTQUapPT ou} peptaoad ‘suTuUuTS Toy eore peysazut ATTerdues ayy 0% peAOW pues eorTe sATSSoaddns 3yuy UT pednpoard U0 1400 poas WOLF ST QUTT 944 JT ydwexe Sst eoze asatssoermddns oyy oqUuT eore paysajut AT [eLoues ayy Wort SuTAOW 4UTT 04900 peTeg *qyooys Otqno zad spunod zg2 JO unuwTUTW e@ 04 pessozduos jt ydwoxe ST QUTT 09400 poeTeg "OUiET UO7R00" - “STINY paesuoq}0g = *h "pessuoyq09 «6° € °u09409 pesg °¢ *squetd yons jo sqazed [Te Sutpnpout ‘u04400 pT IM pue u0990D = °T *CHLVOLGNI SV IdHOXaH GNNOW-YVAA LINYAd YO ALVOIMIINGO VW GNINOEY SHIOLLYV GALVINDAY DNIMOTION FHL FOREST AND SHADE TREES WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Wilting of pines observed in northern portions of State due to larval activity dyring third week in June. (Hutchins). PINE COLASPIS (Colaspis pini) - ARKANSAS - Found on 4 and 5-year- old pine plantations in Calhoun and Ouachita Counties. Frequently heavy on clumps or spots of several trees. Feeding damage evident and some loss of foliage expected. (Boyer). A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion excitans) - ARKANSAS - Caused concern on pine in Pulaski County. This species, a multi-generation pest, caused more concern than some other species of sawflies. (Boyer). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy numbers and heavy damage to foliage of elm trees reported from ‘Andrews, Winkler, and Ward Counties. Damage increased on Chinese elm trees in Baylor, Foard, Hardeman, Wilbarger, and Wichita Counties. (Neeb, Boring). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - All trees except black locust on about 100 acres of forest in Dolly Sods area of Grant County 100 percent defoliated. (Miller). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - WISCONSIN - Heavy in southwestern Grant, Iowa, Green, Rock, Walworth, Richland, and Sauk CountieS. Predation by birds heavy; fungus disease noted on some Specimens. Heavy populations expected to diminish in next few weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 320 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period June 10-16 as follows: Texas 37, Arizona 226, New Mexico 54, California 3. Total of 1,475 cases confirmed from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. during this period totaled 113,437,000 as follows: Texas 79,718,500; New Mexico 5,395,500; Arizona 27,048,000; California 1,275,000. Total of 71,900,500 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - WISCONSIN - Light to moderate annoyance to dairy cattle in Chippewa, Rock, Columbia, and Polk Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Populations on cattle increased two-fold past 14 days. (Sur. Bull.). INDIANA - Ranged 0-21 (average 7) per face on 5 bulls and 0-30 (average 6.8) per face on 9 steers in Tippecanoe County. Counts made on 4 ‘days. (Christiansen). KENTUCKY - Averaged 20 per face on horses and 30 per face on cattle in Pulaski County. (Knapp, Scheibner). TENNESSEE - Surveys negative to date in Henderson and Dyer Counties. Population on cattle herd checked weekly in Washington County light to date. (Turpen et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Still heavy (see CEIR 23(25):386), up to 500 per head noted on face and body of some cows. Observed in Clay County for first time since 1969 (15 per face noted). Averaged 6 per face in one Calhoun County herd. This is a new county record. (Robinson). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Populations on treated cattle at 4 locations near Gainesville, Alachua County, per half body count averaged 11.4, 6.9, 127.6, and 106.6. Determined by - 405 - E. Head. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on untreated cattle in State. Counts per head averaged 1,500 in Lincoln County, 600 in Tallahatchie County, and 1,000 on untreated herds in Chickawaw, Lee, Monroe, Clay, and Oktibbeha Counties. (Robinson). TENNESSEE - Averaged 25+ per head on untreated cattle herd in Dyer County; ranged 1-5 per head on treated herd with back rubber available. Ranged 30-50 per head on cattle herd in Henderson County. (Stafford, Turpen). INDIANA - Ranged 12-40 (average 30) per head on 5 Angus cows in early morning in Tippecanoe County. (Christiansen). TEXAS - Heavy throughout most areas of State. Extremely heavy on untreated cattle in Coryell, Bell, and Falls Counties. Heavy on herds where no treatment applied in Archer, Knox, Wichita, and Wilbarger Counties. Treatments applied in several counties. Caused concern to livestock producers in San Angelo area where heavy infestations treated. Light to moderate | populations reported on cattle in Glasscock, Midland, Ward, and | Winkler Counties. Populations near feedlots increased sharply | 7 | | | with warmer weather. (Hoelscher et al.). UTAH - Annoyed livestock in meadow and farm areas of Washington County along Virgin River and at Shivwits Indian Reservation. (Hubner, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 300-500 per head on cattle in Noble County. Heavy in Comanche, Marshall, and Coal Counties. Moderate to heavy in Adair County, moderate in Pawnee County. Light to moderate in Cleveland and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). : MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Larval collections in Lorain County June 1 yielded primarily Culex restuans and Aedes trivittatus. Similar collections in Huron County, June 18-19, showed Aedes vexans most common species, followed by Culex restuans, C. pipiens pipiens, and Aedes trivittatus. Larval development in these counties mostly third to fourth instar. Pupae and earlier instar larvae uncommon. Heavy breeding of A. trivittatus and A. sticticus predicated in regions experiencing recent heavy rains. Emergence of A. trivittatus just beginning in some localities. (Ohio Dept. Health, Encephalitis Unit). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes still heavy in wooded lowlands. Bite problem scattered throughout State but not real problem in many well drained areas. Problems varied on dairy cattle; (Wis). Ins... Sur... MINNESOTA - Light trap catches peaked June 11-15 throughout Metropolitan Mosquito Control District. Present Aedes vexans population now about 14 days old, catches should decline substantially. Light trap and bite collections of Coquillettidia perturbans increased substantially week ending June 22. Populations expected to be heavier than normal this season as heavy rains during July and August 1972 made conditions very favorable for C. perturbans during egg-laying and overwintering periods. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Psorophora confinnis adults becoming pestiferous in Arkansas and Lonoke Counties with landing rates of 10-20 per minute recorded on outskirts of town. (Boyer). TEXAS - Mosquito adults appeared in large numbers in Panhandle area near Amarillo, Potter County. Caused irritation and nuisance, especially to golfers forced from golf courses. (Clymer). UTAH - Very annoying at Boulder, Garfield County; in Deseret, Delta, and Topaz area, Millard County; Bloomington, St. George, and Washington areas, Washington County; very annoying in area west of Moab, Grand County. (Matthews et al.). NEVADA - Aedes spp. adults heavy in Battle Mountain area, Lander County. (Hilbig). - 406 - BLACKFLIES (Simulium spp.) - NEVADA - Adults heavy at Winnemucca and along Humboldt River, Humboldt County; controls ineffective. (Gallaway). A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) - MICHIGAN - Native female taken from home in wooded area, 5 miles west of Mt. Pleasant, Isabella County, June 11, 1973, by P. Marshall. Identi- fied by R.G. Bland. This is a new county record. (Sauer). Species also taken June 15, 1973, by S. Poppy near residence at Kalkaska, Kalkaska County. Identified by R.J. Sauer. Bite can be serious medical problem. (Sauer). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PAINTED LADY (Cynthia cardui) - OREGON - Larval movement increased in northwestern area aS thistle hosts depleted and larvae seek pupation sites. Several heavy movements in central Willamette Valley caused much concern to rural residents. Damage to ornamentals and gardens minimal in Such areas; light damage to bush beans reported. (Penrose, Westcott). IDAHO - Peak larval activity occurred in northern part of State; population general in southwestern area. (Portman et al.). UTAH - Damaged thistles (Carduus spp.) in Cache County and musk thistle in Henefer, Summit County. (Daniels et al.). DRIEDFRUIT MOTH (Vitula edmandsae serratilineella) - IDAHO - Severe in nesting site of Megachile rotundata (alfalfa leafcutter bee) near Blackfoot, Bingham County. (Portman). A BRACONID WASP (Microctonus aethiops) - WEST VIRGINIA - Released 130 adults of this parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) at Reedsville, Preston County, June 14, 1973. (Weaver). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus incertus) - OHIO - This larval parasitoid of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) collected in Fair- field County May 19, 1973. (Horn). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae light, one per row foot of oats in 4 fields in Cumberland County. Very light on oats in Lycoming County, less than one per row foot. Light on oats at Summerhill and Spring Townships, Crawford County. Averaged 4 eggs, less than 1 larva, 4 adults per 2 row feet for 3 locations. Averaged less than one larva and one adult per 2 row feet for 3 locations on 2 to 10-inch oats in Springfield Township, Bradford County. (Kline et al.). WEST VIRGINIA - Average counts per Square foot in oats by county: Pleasants - 2 eggs, 7 larvae (oats headed); Wetzel - 1 egg, 4 larvae; Ohio - 24 larvae. (Hacker). GRASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - NEBRASKA - Heavy populations of L. hesperius reported in late May in Dawes County, declined; adults (all females) ranged 7-8 per 10 sweeps in crested wheatgrass pastures June 20 and 21. (Hagen). NEW MEXICO - Labops sp. caused extensive damage to crested wheatgrass in Rio Arriba and Sandoval Counties. (Trujillo, Marcus). - 407 - GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Melanoplus bivittatus nymphs, third through fifth instars, up to 40 per square yard in field margin near Grand Rapids, La Moure County. Other fields in area with less than one per square yard. (Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. ranged 4-5 per square yard on rangeland in Sioux and Dawes Counties. (Hagen). NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species ranged 12-20 per yard on rangeland in Lincoln and Chaves Counties. Ranchers have 290,000-acre block ready for spraying, will treat 600,000 | acres next period. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Hatch of rangeland species light in scattered areas of Cache, Box Elder, Utah, and Millard Counties. Some nymphs half grown, no winged forms noted. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Treatment completed June 21 on 55,296 acres of rangeland in Wilson Creek area, Grant County, and June 19 on 216,000 acres of rangeland in Franklin, Benton, and Walla | Walla Counties. Species in latter area 40 percent Oedaleonotus | enigma, 30 percent Melanoplus sanguinipes, and 30 percent miscellaneous species. (PPQ). i | GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Treatments completed on 41,000 acres in 9 eastern counties. Some first instars noted on egg masses on black walnut 9 miles south of Reading in | Brecknock Township, Berks County. Other larvae up to 2.5 inches | long. Total defoliation of Blue Mountain in Lebanon, Berks, and | Schuylkill Counties along about 20-mile stretch between U.S. | Interstate 81 and State Route 183. About 60 percent of larvae | in early to mid-fifth instar and remainder still in fourth. Massive biological decrease in population expected in area. Moderate to total defoliation experienced on parallel ridges north | and south of mountain in these counties, especially at 750+ foot elevations. Total defoliation of Blue Mountain east of State Route 183 as far as State Route 61 expected within next 10 days, with regard to all Quercus spp. (Quinter). NEW JERSEY - Larvae pupating; many still feeding and will continue | defoliation for another 7 days in central and northern counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - First confirmed larvae (fourth instar) of season collected near North East, Cecil County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept,). CONNECTICUT - Many larvae full grown, with some pupation at Storrs, Tolland County. Defoliation moderate in Storrs area but severe (near 100 percent) along State Route 15 from State Route 195 westward to Vernon Circle. Many larvae killed by virus- wilt disease observed on sides of houses and plant foliage. ~— (Kersting). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Ranged 3-4 | adults per rose plant and other ornamentals near Lexington and | Columbia Metropolitan Airport in Lexington County. (Boozer). WEST VIRGINIA - First adults of season obServed June 18 in Kanawha County. (Moore). OHIO - Adult found beneath ground surface in Akron vicinity June 19. (Lawrence). Two adults observed on surface of turf in one localized area of Jackson County June 20, no others found. (Fox). VIRGINIA - Adults damaged 0.1 acre of grapes in Fluvanna County week ending June 15. Also present in Prince Edward and Appomattox Counties and the Independent City of Richmond. (Allen). TENNESSEE - Adults observed June 20 in Holston Valley of Sullivan County. Populations very light in Loudon County. Adults moderate to heavy in Cocke County. (Walker et al.). =~ 408) — WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae infested cherry fruit in Hoopa, Humboldt County. This Species occurs in northern border counties periodically; infestations under eradication status. This is not commercial cherry-growing area, but many dooryard trees present in area. (Cals Coop. Rpt.) < WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA - Survey indicated eggs and larvae at one location at Klamath River, Siskiyou County. Survey 50 percent complete in quarantine zone at Clovis, negative at Biola in Fresno County; treatment began June 11 in these areas. At San Jose, Santa Clara County, survey 65 percent complete with treatment underway in quarantine area; populations heavy. First survey in Sacramento County began June 5. Several moths and egg masses found on backyard grapes at El Modena, Orange County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpts )< = 40) = HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) extremely heavy on recently harvested sweet corn planting at Waianae, Oahu. Also heavy on adjacent planting. Ranged 50-250 nymphs and adults per square inch on heavily infested leaves. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) larvae heavily damaged 1,000 coconut trees in resort area at Kahuku, Oahu; 100 percent of fronds on most trees on golf course proper affected. Damage moderate on trees surrounding resort residential area. Except for brief period of larval inactivity, these palm trees under sustained attack since opening of resort about 12 months ago. Larval parasitism very. light during this period. On Hawaii Island, larvae collected from 100 moderately to heavily infested coconut trees at Kawaihae during February parasitized; | 32 percent by tachina flies, 20 percent by Trathala flavo-orbitalis: (an ichneumon wasp). (Kawamura). Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) and MONKEYPOD MOTH (Polydesma umbricola) light under carpet bands on trunks of monkeypod trees at Ka'u, Hawaii; P. umbricola dominant. On Maui, both species heavy on 30 monkeypod trees in residential areas at Kuau and Sprecklesville; foliar damage heavy, treatment recommended. Light trap collections on Oahu indicate decrease in M. indomita moths during late March through April; 228 and 70 collected respectively in 4 traps. Collections during May (502) showed pronounced increase; | collections first 2 weeks of June (448) indicate further increase may occur. Hundreds of adults taken during May in trap at Mt. Kaala Oahu... Coshtoka. et) alt) ee SB Beneficial Insects - Larvae of an ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella) infested average of 37 percent of fruits and 26 percent of terminals of field collected Melastoma malabathricum at Hilo, Hawaii. (Kawamura). DETECTION New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) IOWA - Woodbury, Plymouth, Ida, Cherokee, Sac, O'Brien, Clay, Monona, | Buena Vista, Lyon, Sioux (p: 399). A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latro- dectus variolus) MICHIGAN - Isabella (p. 407). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) MISSISSIPPI - Calhoun (p. 405). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) VIRGINIA - Botetourt, Hanover, Independent City of Richmond. NEVADA - Mineral (p. 404). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) CALIFORNIA - Orange (p. 409). CORRECTIONS CEIR 23(24):363 - EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Delete " Alates active in apple orchards. (Rochette)." "Alates" referred to apple aphid (Aphis pomi) - 410 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Kelso 6/14-20 Pickens 6/14-20 ARKANSAS Gainesville 6/15-21 FLORIDA INDIANA (Counties) Lawrence 6/7-13 Randolph 6/7-13 Beaconsfield 6/15 Gilbert 6/15 IOWA Hiawatha 6/14, 20 Manhattan 6/20 KANSAS - 411 KENTUCKY Lexington 6/15-22 MINNESOTA Crookston 6/14-20 Rochester 6/14-20 MISSISSIPPI ei N Leal I N wo | co ite} S ie] © SS © o eS cc) do td cal al > ord oO > me oo oO Xow s Pr o O48 Pp no n nA aa = 68-95 0.17 |2BL 14 Concord 5/31, 6/7 Plymouth 6/7, NEBRASKA NEW HAMPSHIRE Dover 6/15 NORTH DAKOTA 17 Bottineau 6/15, Fargo 6/18, 21 Wooster 6/15-21 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS OHIO OREGON (Counties) Linn 6/14-20 Marion 6/14-20 PENNSYLVANIA (Districts Northwest 6/8-19 Southeast 6/8-19 TENNESSEE (Counties) Franklin 6/18-22 Madison 6/18-22 Painter 6/13-19 Warsaw 6/13-19 VIRGINIA 412 Randolph 6/19 WEST VIRGINIA (Counties Monroe 6/18 & 0 dea Lbeel} selise) dea Seas ow HO O-n +s noe ae [Se aN Ba H= WISCONSIN ——————— INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES GRAY CORN WEEVIL (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal) Economic Importance - This weevil is a serious pest of corn, sugar beets, cereal crops, and fruit trees. It is the principal pest of corn in Romania and annually threatens from 30 to 50 thousand acres in Bulgaria. Losses in sprouting grain have ranged from 50 to 100 percent in northern Turkey. It has caused extensive damage to corn and sunflowers in the U.S.S.R. and is one of the_major pests of sugar beets in Romania and Hungary. The adults have severely defoliated fruit trees in Turkey and Hungary. __ Hosts - The preferred hosts are corn and sorghum but it bas been recorded as feeding on 70 species of plants including sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, melons, sunflowers, peach, almond, and apple. Distribution - Southern U.S.S.R., southern Europe, Turkey, and Cyprus. General Distribution of Gray Corn Weevil Life History and Habits - This species overwinters as adults, buried in the ground at depths of up to 1 meter. They emerge in early spring and feed intensively for 1-2 weeks before mating and egg deposition begins. During this period they may strip the foliage from fruit trees and completely destroy fields of sprout- ing grain. The eggs are placed just beneath the surface of the soil, singly or in groups, and require from 10 to 12 days to ‘hatch. Each female deposits about 60 eggs. The larvae feed on the ‘roots of the host and often kill young plants. They require about (45 days to complete development and then pupate in the soil. The ‘pupal stage lasts for about 3 weeks but the new adults do not ‘emerge from the soil until the following spring. Coleoptera : Curculionidae No. 195 of Series - 413 - Description - The adults measure from 5 to 8 mm in length and 2 to 3 mm in width. The general body color is gray. The rostrum | is slightly broader than long with a sharp carina down the center. | The head, thorax, and elytra are covered with moderately dense, oval, white or gray scales intermixed with sparser, suberect, elongate, brown setae. The scales are slightly more dense on the elytra, especially down the midline, while the long setae are more concentrated down the middle of the pronotum. There are several partially denuded spots on the elytra which give them a somewhat mottled appearance. Elytral striae are narrow and distinct with small punctures. This species may be easily dis- tinguished from all other members of the genus by the very dis- tinctive shape of the prothorax which is strongly constricted at the base and apex. The several domestic species all have a much more parallel-sided or evenly rounded prothorax. (Prepared in Pest Survey and Technical Support in cooperation with other agencies). CEIR 23(22):413-414, 1973. Adult of Tanymecus dilaticollis Major references: Camprag, Dusan. 1963. Another contribution to the knowledge of Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. Zast. Bilja. 14(76):615. Stoichev, O.A. et al. 1963. The southern gray weevil. Zashch., Rast. 8(3):16. Yurten, O. 1957. Tanymecus dilaticollis. Tomurcuk. 6(64):4. - 414 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 25 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. HIGHLIGHTS: Rains of 2 inches or more last week hurt crops in Georgia and South Carolina while a welcome 2 inches fell in northern North Dakota. The West remained hot and dry. The eastern half of the Nation had a cooler, wetter week than normal. PRECIPITATION: Cold front which took most of the week to cross the Nation's eastern half brought considerable rain, with 4 inches in scattered areas. Southern Texas and parts of the Carolinas got 4 inches while areas neighboring them had 2 inches or more. Florida, southern Georgia, and sections of the Corn Belt got 2 inches of rain. In contrast, much of the Plains and most of the Nation from the Rockies west received little or no rain. The exception was parts of Washington and areas bordering Canada. Early Monday a cold front moved into the central United States spreading thunderstorms from eastern Oklahoma to Illinois and Wisconsin. Springfield, Illinois, received 1.65 inches early Monday, while Minot AFB, North Dakota, reported 2.10 inches. The front met warm, moist air pumped by a High over the gulf and violent weather erupted. Baseball-size hail pounded Iowa Park, Texas, while 2-inch hail hit Abilene. Springfield, Illinois-had 80 m.p.h. winds and 1.5-inch hail. By 9:00 a.m. Tuesday, Quincy, Illinois, received 5.26 inches of rain in 24 hours. Tuesday, thunderstorms continued over the south-central and southeastern sections. Charleston, South Carolina, gct 4.50 inches of rain bringing the June total there to 24.70 inches which is more than 8 inches over the previous record set in June 1893. Carollton, Texas, got almost 2 inches of rain in a 30-minute down- pour. New Orleans, Louisiana, got 1.90 inches over 6 hours. Wednesday, thunderstorm activity continued but the main storm, an intense Low that had been situated over North Dakota, waned as it drifted over Manitoba. A slow moving cold front extended from Lake Huron and the Ohio Valley into Texas. Thursday, the first day of Summer, began warm and clear in the West, and warm and humid in the East which suffered from fog and haze. Thunderstorms rampaged through Texas and over the east coast. Hebronville, Texas, got 8 inches of rain which left a highway under 4 feet of water. More than 1 inch of rain fell at Syracuse, New York, Washington, D.C., and Tallahassee, Florida. Friday was mostly sunny throughout the Nation. Much of the rain was confined to the east coast. Hampton, Virginia, was drenched with 3.50 inches. La Guardia Airport, New York, recorded 3.66 inches from 9:00 p.m. Thursday to 9:00 p.m. Friday as Atlantic City and Colombia, New Jersey, received 2.66 inches over the same time. A cold front ruined Saturday along many Atlantic beaches as fog from the ocean drifted inland and 2 inches of rain hit Miami, Florida. However, most of the Nation enjoyed a pleasant summer weekend. Sunday another cold front entered the north-central section and local thunderstorms erupted in the Dakotas and Iowa. ' TEMPERATURE: Southern California broiled in a heat wave. In the Los Angeles area where temperatures averaged 9 degrees above normal last week, temperatures broke 100 degrees several days. Tuesday the mercury hit 106 degrees at the civic center, a record for June. States bordering California, the Pacific Northwest and Canadian border areas stretching east to Minnesota also stayed above average. Cascade areas and part of Idaho were 6 degrees above norm. New England, Upstate New York, western Pennsylvania, and some Great Lake - 415 - areas remained slightly to 6 degrees above normal. Successive cold fronts kept most of the Nation east of the Rockies cooler than average. Large areas of Texas and neighboring States averaged 6 degrees to 9 degrees subnormal. Also, an area mostly in the Dakotas and Nebraska averaged 6 degrees subnormal. A rapidly moving cold front engulfed the Plains and parts of the Midwest on Monday causing Snow in higher Rocky Mountain elevations. Record lows were recorded at Reno, Nevada, and Casper, Wyoming, 33 degrees and Boise, Idaho, 36 degrees. Tuesday, a cold front stretched from Texas to Wisconsin with a Low centered in North Dakota. This, together with a High over Idaho, pulled cold Canadiar air into the Nations midsection. After that, a cold front moved ) slowly and by Friday it stretched along the Appalachians to Georgia into the gulf. As it moved it caused record lows from Texas to Wyoming on Wednesday and record lows in Texas Thursday. | Lubbock, Texas,had 49 degrees Wednesday morning while Midland had | 53 degrees on Thursday. 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