CSL = Te ” Mak Ze w —_ u ct fee: LNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS SaIMvugI7_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLMAILSNI_NVINOSHLIN he ss im Me a SK w z wW : a tu Zz g WN = “ = yt fp : g Z RK = E “647 ¢ < E VY, < = e = a “Ge om 2 (2) = o = d fo) = fo) ra SERIE Zz pr Zz =a) Fa NG RARIES_ SMITHSONIAN” INSTITUTION NOLLNLILSNINVINOSHLINS |S31¥¥¥ 811 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA ro) ee, = fo) yi re) — 5 Pe = 4 wo => » ia ow — Sp = 4%,2 = Na 5 g © Wy & OL e YN E S © = aS = Ns = _ fe 4g 7 BAe = a NS B = mee = o = SPS = wo z ALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3INVUGIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIM NVINOSHLINS S3I1y¥vudgs =z w : Zz Ne = ” — hy < = alee = = Oy = Ly, z = z re iN Sl 4, a yp jg fe) 35 2 Ww 8 NS a Ts B Wf UL jr a (o} ales a x BRON [e) Vf Mj eT 0 i = Z, S EO NAS 7 ee 3 2 ens Zi z RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S31YVYGI7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA re Z u e i z rf = a = 4 = gi = o., (al = x — fad = aA < oie = 4 > + ANS = > Ee; > = > zi = = ae a e cs m cae B Z # Z 2 SMITHSONIAN _ NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUSIT LIBRARIES z z z z < z x = = 2 ai re 2 wf fp % AS = 2 5 2 2 IGM 2S G g = : : 7 ue 3 g B 2 a . 2 ; ” Sty 5 LNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS $3 ryvyusiq_ Up MITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION | NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHILIM <= RE uw a = & = a . 4 AK z = =. wh fp z “ =i, WO = aiwpif < 3 = SY te = m “yy = ae 5 ~_ Ne = 4yY _ — a0 is : setae : pe RARIES_ SMITHSONIAN” INSTITUTION NOILMILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS —Sa1¥V4@11 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA S gh, o 2 oS 2 = So ff = Gy: 5 2 We 5 - 5 =e GL E 2 SNE = = Ee bey Be ees a = ANS re a e z oo z Ohi eas anes A z LOLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IUVUGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NWINOSHLIM z z us z aa Z : z jy z = Why, z = z * = Z YGF 3 B Ui Lk a B NSS B AD YF le. x S F., 2 ZF AWA So ie ve = Zyv% fs = Zz EIN = 5 : z z A= 3 RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | _NVINOSHLINS, S41UVYAIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA a Wh: # Ww = w mn uw = Ym,* = = E 4 z Ye ora c a SSOP ec cc YY fg: = fac =j EN o = ea m* zh = m S =\ rc) = mM: a z a 2 a a Z = LALILSNIT NVINOSHLINS S31YVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI” NVINOSHLIW ie = £ 5 = S BE yey, SYM = ve te) ASYM wo = “oO oO = Kea FY S ES EP? YS nyt Cs Hi > 3 Wy 4 = = 2s > VON 26E 98 = ei » : > NG < BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Sa1uvuaI7_LIBRARIES SMITHSONI/ NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI SIAR ARES VE Sa1u¥vudi1 LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI _NVINOSHLIt 5 5 a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI SJIYVYAIT LIBRARIES S us = = is o o = o Bs] ) ‘ = EN ag > > a = > S p) ee) ; = a WY = E i= S = S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1NYVNYSI7T_ LIBRARIES SMITHSON! a) = 7) = ” ; Zs 24) = < = = = s = 4 = 4 z 4 z : = : 8 Nw G 8 5 g Ng : 2) ro ACA O = fe} x NO Nie) z E QvY Z, E 2 Ee NO'z > =s NY 5° = > =. > z ” pie = ” Zz ” Loy z _NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLI | ‘ a Is rs _ NVI & = @ = @ - @ Yy -_- ~ — oc s, = fad = NS 2 2 < - : J NSN aN Si = z = 2 NS fe) NS = ag Ea fe) SS ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IuYvYaIT LIBRARIES SMITHSON = = = c x z is = = ow = oe Ns o = 5 2 = a NS E = 5 Pi : : = MK = : P@. = - = = <4 “4 tiff reams” Z ae : id _NVINOSHLINS $3 1YVUAIT_LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOUENLLLSNEENMINOSE Sf. o on z 5 “SW § EG 5 z 5 z EN FZ ZN FF yy z 2 By 2 RE 8 Ze 8 GFZ ? = 2 E NS 2 = WQ 2 Wy = a 2 . Fe \ 2 = = ils 5 , : ” ~ ARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHIINS Saluvugi7_LIBRARIES SMITHSON w om w 2 & & S ute Wy _ * mf —_ inl ”_ 4 — Stag A on = . = = = < Vf Yi, % = = c GL ie = fag = oe = ing “fy i : Se ee a UU ; Ej is z 4 = Se eer Zz ar INLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IMYVUSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN_INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NYINOSHLI m6 «(CS c a aes 3 c ao = o — o — o ; x NY = x = a 5 2 Ye > KS i > = , > = > \ OS = AA - = e, 2 = 2 NS m Wy 2 = Oe m = m SS 4 wn ee =— wn = uw = on ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NYINOSHLINS S31YVYSIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSO o ee ra) = 7) ; ae 7) = aa = : < ES = = = z = z = z =) 3 aN Se 7: 3 2 SANG 2 = Ze - 2 E Ne’ 2 . > = >’ = >" = SY Dd +P 2 7) z o 72 75) is a MANLILSNI = LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHL S = wo — ; i j ‘ i 2 ce = x nee te 5 : < < oe < : 2 5 5 ar a = 3 ° == fe) eae fo) = o NS r= 5 st z ain = = Zz JBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS SAU vaR TERI ERARTES< Senses me ~ z & / z= pie _ / ead = o QS = 2 = 7. SY $ a | ee a AYN = 5 1 yf GY = = a = > 2M = “be D = D Ns — 2 - Gee We ae AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 4 October 29, 1954 No. 43 SOOM tive “CONOMIC INSECT "REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions May have heavy general infestation of FALL ARMYWORM on small jrains in some Texas areas. Light infestation in northwestern Arkansas. (page 948). CLOVER ROOT BORER survey in Ohio. (page 948). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL causing heavy damage in Washington and Okaloosa Counties, Florida. (page 952). PINK BOLLWORM inspection reports. (page 953). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreaks continue in northern Alabama and southwest Mississippi. (page 954). FOREST INSECT outlook for late fall in Southern States. (page 954). Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 - in Nevada. (page 959). A WEEVIL (Mecinus pyraster) found in Maryland, First record for United States. (page 207). 2K ok ok kK ok KOK KKK KOK OK KKK OK KOK KKK KK NOTES received too late for inclusion in the body of this issue (page 958). Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 22, 1954, unless otherwise designated. - J46 - WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 26, 1904 Dry, Sunny weather, prevailing in most of the Country last week, was ideal for the fall harvest but continued the drouyht situation in the South (from Louisiana through western South Carolina) where fall planting was still delayed and water shortages continued critical in some sections. Streams in the upper Ohio Valley which were above flood staye as a result of heavy hurricane rains of the previous period had fallen to normal levels by the end of this week. Significant rainfall during the week was nearly all limited to parts of the Northwest and a belt extending southward from southeastern Kansas and southwestern Missouri to the Gulf Coast. Totals in the Northwest ranged up to more than 4 inches along the Pacific Coast and from a few hundredths up to more than an inch in eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and in Montana. In southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas totals ranged up to more than 4 inches and resulted in some flooding along the Sabine River in the latter State. The first part of the week was unseasonably cool in the eastern half of the Nation, with scattered light frost as far south as northern Mississippi in the Mississippi Valley and in northern Florida along the Atlantic Coast on the alst. Heavy frost was reported in parts of Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri. This cool period resulted in temperatures for the week averag- ing several degrees below normal in the area south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River. Rising temperatures during the latter part of the period reached above normal levels in most of this area over the weekend. Unseasonably high temperatures, with some record highs in the extreme south, prevailed in the far Western Interior until the week- end when the passage of a cold front resulted in a sharp drop. Minima dropped into the 30's in the southern valleys of Arizona for the first time since spring. Snowfall was rather general over the central and northern Rocky Mountain States, and also fell over parts of the Dakotas with ac- cumulations of an inch reported in the Black Hills. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). (- 947 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armijera) - ARKANSAS - Alfalfa fields in northwestern area being attacked by heavy infestations. Averaged 25 larvae to 20 sweeps of 12-inch net. Larvae ranged from newly-hatched to 3/4 grown. Fifty-six moths collected at Fayetteville October 21. (Warren). FLORIDA - Heliothis sp. larvae infesting 16 percent of 3-acre peanut field in Alachua County. (Van Pelt). ARIZONA - Severely injuring foliage of corn in Laveen area October 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Local heavy infestation on corn at Marfa. Larvae in stalk. (Cowger). A PYRALID - FLORIDA - Young plant-cane fields in Fellsmere area show 100 percent infestation with 3 to 5 leaves per plant showing injury. Infestation lighter in Belle Glade area. (Genung, Questel). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on wheat in Floyd County. Damaging seedlings by boring into stems. (Rodgers). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea jrandiosella) - ARIZONA - Feeding on ears of sweet corn at Mesa October 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ye CORN BORERS (Diatraea spp.) - KANSAS - Larvae, probably south- western corn borer, found in Cloud, Mitchell, Ottawa, Osborne, Salin> and Smith Counties. Winter larval forms in 4-20 percent of stalks in most fields surveyed. (Matthew). FALSE WIREWORMS - KANSAS - Eleodes spp. light to moderate in wheat fields and unplanted stubble fields of Cloud, Dickinson, Mitchell, Ottawa, Osborne and Saline Counties. From 1 to 5 larvae per square yard in most fields. No live beetles found in any field surveyed. (Matthew). UTAH - Larvae and adults numerous in one field of fall dryland wheat near Magna. (Knowlton). A CORIZID (prob. Liorhyssus hyalinus) - ARIZONA - Found in large numbers in sorghum heads in Salt River Valley October 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). A MEALYBUG ( Pseudococcus boninsis) - FLORIDA - Abundant in maturing cane at Belle Glade. (Genung, Questel). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - TENNESSEE - Severe injury to rye and other grasses in Clarksville area. (Scott). KANSAS - Larvae found in corn stalks in fields of Cloud, Mitchell, Osborne and Smith Counties. Most fields have 4-8% of ears on ground. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Infestations in winter yrain general but light over north- western counties, though economic damage not reported in this area. (Warren). FLORIDA - Serious injury in one corn plantiny where about 100 percent of stalks showed damage or young larvae. (Genung, Questel). ARIZONA - Numerous on heads of late sorghum in Salt River Valley October 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on pastures, oats, vetch, rye and clovers in several counties. Several reports state that entire or large portions of small grain fields have been eaten into the ground. This may indicate beginning of rather general heavy infes- tation, especially in areas that have recently received rain. (Cook, Garrett, Lindsey, Cook, Pfanstiel, Adams, Davis). Clover Root Borer Survey in Ohio - 1954 A survey of clover root borer, (Hylastinus obscurus )) infestation was conducted in 104 fields in 51 counties in Ohio in 1954. The procedure consisted of digging and dissecting the root borers from 30 roots ver field. All samples were taken in late July and early August. Only first harvest year fields were selected for sampling. With some exceptions, 4 fields were sampled in each county. Every field sampled had some root borers present. The percent of roots infested in individual fields ranged from 9.0 to 100.0 with an average of 67.4 percent. The number of individual borers per root in individual fields ranged from 0. 27 to 18. 68 with an average of 3.69. A jeneralized distribution map (see opposite page) has been constructed on the following basis. If less than 25 percent of roots were infested, the area was classified as low; 25 percent to 60 percent infested, moderate; 60 percent to 80 percent infested, high; over 80 percent infested, very high. (Weaver and Pruess). - 949 - CLOVER ROOT BORER INFESTATION - OHIO Piet ye ane HIGH — ve VERY HIGH neem / we HIGH Y MODERATE “Low Bs percent HIGH 60 - 80. percent MODERATE 265 - 60 percent VERY HIGH > 80 percent - 950 - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Very light numbers, two per 20 sweeps, in barley and oats. Average of 12 moths per night taken at Stuttgart between October 10-14. (Warren). WHITE GRUBS - KANSAS - Light infestations of Cyclocephala spp. and Phyllophaga spp. found in all wheat fields surveyed in Cloud, Dickinson, Mitchell, Ottawa, Osborne and Saline Counties. From 3-15 grubs per Square yard and a few fields contain dead plants. (Matthew). UTAH - Additional reports of infestations in lawns. (Knowlton). NORTH CARO- LINA - Infesting pastures in New Hanover County. (Baggett). GREENBUG AND HESSIAN FLY - KANSAS - No greenbugs found on wheat in any of fields surveyed in Cloud, Dickinson, Geary, Mitchell, Ottawa, Osborne, Saline and Smith Counties. Also no hessian fly found in wheat (either volunteer or drilled) in these counties or in Wabaunsee County. (Matthew). ERIOPHYID MITES - KANSAS - Very light infestations, probably Aceria tulipae, on volunteer wheat in Cloud, Mitchell, Ottawa, Osborne and Saline Counties. (Matthew). LEAP HOPPERS - UTAH - Dikraneura carneola very numerous in some dryland fall wheat fields in Salt Lake, Tooele, and Davis Counties and on grassy roadsides. Also numerous in some limited areas on alfalfa. In general, Aceratagallia arida dominant species in northern alfalfa fields. Populations very high some fields. (Knowlton). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - FLORIDA - Light to moderate injury on corn in the Everglades. (Genuny, Questel). A STINK BUG (Thyanta custator) - ARIZONA - Numerous in sorghum fields in Salt River Valley. Feeding on immature grain October 14. (Ariz, Coop. Rept. ). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Continued to build up in numerous alfalfa fields; however, most crops cut. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Heavy on alfalfa in upper Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). - 95] - LEAP HOPPERS - ARIZONA - Main cause of loss of 40 acres of soy- beans near Elfrida, (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - UTAH - More numerous in northern alfalfa fields than during most of the season. (Knowlton). ARKANSAS - Eight to 10 larvae per 20 sweeps in northwestern alfalfa fields. Parasites active. (Warren). A GRASSWORM (Mocis sp.) -GEORGIA - Heavy infestation on 25 acres of jrass in Irwin County, October 4. Severe defoliation to 20 acres Coastal Bermuda srass in Coffee County, October ll. (Geiger). Infesting oats in Screven County, October 20. (Jordan). FLORIDA - One to 24 larvae per square foot on grass at Eagle Lake, Polk County. (Wesson), A BURROWING CRICKET (Anurogryllus muticus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable concern to home owners because of numerous mounds in lawns after recent Heavy rains. (Mitchell). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA ~ Appearing in very light numbers on Pangola grass in the Everglades. (Genung, Cuestel). VELVETBEAN C4STERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - FLORIDaA - Infesting 15 percent of 2-acre peanut field in Alachua County, (Van Pelt). FRUIT INSECTS Peach Insect Activity in South Carolina - 1954: Losses were comparatively low during the season, Jarrings for PLUM CURCULIO indicated a small initial population in areas where a good spray program had been followed. Damage to twigs by ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH was not as heavy as in previous years. PEACH TREE BORERS remain the,most important and destructive insects to the peach industry in South Carolina. (Cochran, Goodwin, Oct. 14). - 952 - APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestation in apples in Avery County. (Turnipseed). APPLE SEED CHALCID (Torymus druparum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Generally distributed through Avery County, infestation light to moderate, (Turnipseed). TRUCK CROP INSECTS SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Infesting sweetpotatoes at Orange Hill, Washington County. Practically all of southern half of county infested. Very heavy some instances with near loss of crop. (Lamb). Also very heavy infestations around Laurel Hill, Okaloosa County. Considerable loss in many fields with some being abandoned. (Lamb, Frederic). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - Fly popu- lations continue light with no larval infestations in spinach buds. (Walton). LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORID. - Scattered infestations on tomato plants in Collier County. (Lander). HORNWORMS (Protoparce sp.) - FLORIDA - Twenty to 30 per plant in one tomato field in Collier County. Light in two other fields. (Lander). STINK BUGS - FLORIDA - Acrosternum hilare averaging 0-5 adults per plant on snap beans at Guincy. Moderate infestation of Nezara viridula. (May). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - FLORIDA - Light to moderate injury on beans in the Everglades. (Genung, Questel). CABBAGE .\PHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - MARYLAND - Light to heavy in cabbage in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). = 053% CABBAGE CATERPILLARS-SOUTH CAROLINA - Several species seriously infesting 50-acre collard plantiny at Lexington. (Nettles). NORTH CAROLINA - Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) reported infestin: some fields of turnips and collards 100 percent in Wake County. (Brett). FLORIDA - From 0-5 cabbage webworm larvae per plant on collards at Havana. (May). CALIFORNIA - Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapac) common in cabbage fields in Los Angeles County due to inadequate control and buildup in abandoned fields. Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) common during October in cole crops in Orange, Los Angeles, and Ventura Counties. (Elmore). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Abundant on alfalfa and migrating to bean land in Orange County. Ten per square foot along roadside and 2-5 per square yard in alfalfa fields and 25-100 per volunteer sugar beet plant. (Elmore). GARDEN CENTIPEDE (Scutigerella immaculata) - CALIFORNIA - Injuring turnips in fields near Norwalk, Los Angeles County. (Stone). SUGAR -BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - CALIFORNIA - Damage 67 percent of sweetpotatoes in untreated fields in Orange County. (Stone). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Between September 16-30, heavy movement of transient cotton pickers continued through some of the traffic inspection stations on the borders between TEXAS and LOUISIANA and OKLAHOMA and ARKANSAS, particularly at Fulton, Arkansas, where 83 pink bollworm larvae were detected in a small portion of intercepted contraband material. Twenty pink bollworms were intercepted in material at the Many, Louisiana station and 9 pink bollworms at the Garland, Arkansas station, At the Vicksburg, Mississippi station, 10 pink bollworms were intercepted in cotton bolls carried by a tourist. During the period October 1-15 gin trash inspections were completed for'season in GEORGIA and ALABAMA with negative results. Inspection ~ 954 - in the & quarantined counties of ARKANSAS also completed with six(Sevier, Little River, Howard, Hempstead, Miller and Lafayette) of the eight counties found infested this season, Although all of OKLAHOMA is under quarantine, three counties, Johnson, Marshall and Oxfuskee, have been found infested for first time. In counties previously infested, most are Showing a slightly higher infestation than heretofore. Gin trash inspection in northeast TEXAS completed with most counties having about same degree of infestation as last year. Most counties in South Plains area of Texas showing higher infestation than last year. (PBW Cont. Proj.). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - First instars have been identified as cause of widespread red spotting of cotton leaves in Elfrida area, Spots develop over the mines. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ): FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Serious outbreaks continuing in northern area. During second week of September, aerial reconnaissance showed infestations concentrated in national forest areas of northern Alabama with heaviest infestations in Clay, Talladega, Cleburne, Winston and Lawrence Counties. MISSISSIPPI - Infestations concentrated in southwest area, heaviest in Copiah and Lincoln Counties. Survey and control operations continue in both states. (So. For. Ins. & Dis. Rept. , Oct. 15). TEXAS = Areas suspected of being infested were investigated during September but no infestations caused by this beetle were found. (Tex. For. Serv.). Forest Insect Outlook for Late Fall, Southern States: In SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak areas, broods may be expected to scatter to single trees, thus making detection more difficult. IPS BEETLE attacks will probably increase near recent wildfire areas. PINE BARK WEEVILS, following aestivation, will renew activity near areas recently logged, burned, or otherwise disturbed. Heavy feeding by RED-HEADED SAWFLY in young pine plantations may result in occasional high mortality to trees. Scattered feeding by a SAWFLY (Neodiprion exitans) may be apparent in -~9f5 - mature shortleaf stands. Flight and eyg-layin, period of a LOBLOLLY SAWFLY (Neodiprion sp.) will take place in ’swuth Arkansas, Louisiana and near Daisetta, Texas. (So. For. Ins. and Dis. Rept., Oct. 15). IPS BARK BEETLES - Aerial reconnaisance over portions of Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana during second week of September showed infestation widespread throughout area surveyed but occurred mostly in scattered single trees or in small groups of trees. Attacks most numerous in Blount County, Alabama, and Shelby and Newton Counties, Texas. (So. For. Ins. & Dis: Rept., Oct. 15). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported on various trees and shrubs in Henderson, Lee and Vance Counties. (Jones). A LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus sp.) - ARIZONA - Adults have damaged ripening fruit of palms, pomegranate, tangerine and other ornamentals at Cave Creek and Tucson. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). WEBWORMS - TEXAS - Licht infestation on pines in east Texas. At- tacking both planted seedlings and natural reproduction. (Tex. For. Serv. ). A CURCULIO (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected from ivy in September at Media. (Menusan). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMsLS MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Annoyance in Logan arva has been by nedes vexans, Mansonia perturbans, Culex tarsalis, Anopheles freeborni, and Aedes nigromaculus in decreasing order. Because of subnormal temperatures and drought during summer, 1954 season is considered below normal in population. (Beadle). HOUSE FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Populations in buildings are higher in uncontrolled areas than at any time this year. (Howell). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - MARYLAND - Concern to householders in Prince Georyes County. (U. Md., Ent, Dept. ). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaging 75 adults per ani.nal in herd of 30 cattle at Jonesville. (Van Pelt). STORED-PRODUCTS INSECTS STORED-GRAIN i SECTS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Survey of stored grain on the farm/in the Federal 100, 000 bushel storage at Newberry disclosed low insect populations except for ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH. (Nettles, Oct. 12). TEXAS - Medium local infestation of confused flour beetles (Tribolium sp.) and fungus beetles (Typhaea stercorea) in Victoria County. (Fuller). ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cercalella) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestation in stored corn on two farms in Montgomery County. (U. Md., eae, IDSjores ))e DERMESTIDS - KANSAS - Dermestids (not khapra beetles) have been received from several counties throujhout the State. Populations in stored grain this year have been much higher than in past years. (Matthew). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reports indicate lower infestation in stored wheat than a year ago. Rather large numbers of weevils in fields of early maturing hybrid corn. (Jones). LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhizopertha dominica) - OKLAHOMA - Found in large percentage of stored grain bins in Garfield County. From 1 to 10 or 15 per probe sample of wheat. (Stiles). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 4, BAT BUG (Cimex pilosellus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infesting a house in Montgomery County, Oct. ll. (Menusan). A TINEID ( Choropleca___visaliella; - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected in house in Philadelphia. (Menusan). A WEEVIL (Mecinus pyraster (Hrbst. ))- MARYLAND - Two specimens found at Cockeysville in September have been determined by R. E, Warner as this species. According to Miss Warner this is the first record of this genus in the United States; however, this genus and species is quite common in Europe in galis of Plantago lanceolata, ‘The larvae of Mecinus attack the Scrophulareaceae and the Hantaginaceae. Three additional adults were found in plantain dug at the site of the original discovery. (Harding). . : BENEFICIAL INSECTS. A PARASITE (Anagyrus antoninae) - FLORIDA - This parasite of Rhodes-grass scale has become established in Clewiston area, Hendry County. (Genung, Questel). RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY Living specimens of the citrus black fly, Aleurocanthus woylumi, were intercepted recently on citrus leaves in baggage from Navajoa, Sonora, Mexico at Nogales, Arizone. (Darling). Five adults, 15 nymphs and many eggs were taken from two lots of leaves. This insect is considered an injurious nest of citrus in Mexico, and in parts of Central America, the West Indies and the Far East, More than 100 host plants have been recorded for the citrus black fly. A few of the more important reported are various species of citrus, mango, coffee and gardenia. Injury to citrus generally consists of a reduction in the vitality of the tree due to the feeding of the nymphs on the underside of the leaves and the development of sooty mold that mars the appearance of the foliage and fruit following an attack by this insect. Interceptions of the citrus black fly have increased considerably in recent years at Mexican border ports following the introduction and spread of the insect in Mexico. It is not yet known to occur in the United States. (Compiled by Peltier, PQ Branch). - 908 - ADDITIONAL NOTES WYOMING - GRASSHOPPERS - A few adults can still be found in areas Surrounding crop land in Platte and Goshen Counties. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) migration continues into buildings in Crook County. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) migration into dwellings Causing concern to property owners in Platte County. GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) causing damage to stored supers of honey in Goshen County. (Poyner). Cattle lice being found on cattle in Hot Springs County, though no control methods being used. ‘(Woody). - 959 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1994 NEVADA Reported by H. BE. Gallaway A summary of insect conditions throuyhout the State of Nevada during the period of January 1, to October 1, 1954, is as follows: Cereal and Foraje Insects: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - Infestations were averacve throughout the northern part of the State. Although all counties in the State are now infested, economic populations have developed only in the agricultural areas north of 38930! latitude. Weather conditions during the early spring disrupted adult weevil control throughout the western areas; however, excellent controls were obtained in the northeastern part of the State. Cool, windy weather also disrupted larvae control in the western regions. Economic in- festations of PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) developed on first-crop ’ alfalfa in the western regions. In Pershing County economic populations also appeared in second-crop alfalfa for the first time. In the southern regions severe infestations developed on second-crop. While the above infestations were localized, many individual farmers lost all or part of one cutting from some fields. Duriny September severe populations of the YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) developed on alfalfa in the Moapa Valley of Clark County. This is the first record of this insect in the State. Localized populations of ALFALFA CATER- PILLAR (Colias philgdicc eurythemy) required control in the southern part of the State. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - Infestations were general throughout grain fields in the western area; however, economic populations were mostly confined to wheat. Economic populations of cropland GRASSHOPPERS were mostly localized to individual farms and “=. in most cases to individual fields. Dominant species were Melanoplus mexicanus, M. femur-rubrum, M. bivittatus, and M._packardi. The exception to the above were severe populations of Camnula pellucida in the northeastern regions of the State where thousands of acres of native meadow hay and pasture lands were infested and required control. - 950 - Miscellaneous Forage Insects: Damayjing populations of LYGUS BUGS, ALFALFA LEAF MINER, THRIPS, and the VARIEGATED CUTWORM were present in localized infestations, but other than in seed alfalfa no control was undertaken. Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH, PEACH TWIG BORER, PEACH APHID & WOOLLY APPLE APHID were present in average numbers in most areas. Infestations of PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) were numerous and severe on both pear and cherry trees in the area around Reno, some trees being completely defoliated. Truck-Crop Insects: CORN EARWORM (Heliothis sp.) severely damajed sweet corn in Washoe and Churchill Counties. Most field corn plantings had economic populations. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) popu- lations were lighter than in recent years; however, Lyon County lost some acreage during May. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) populations were normal in all areas requiring two and in some instances three control treatments. Migrations from alfalfa hay fields to onion fields is very heavy during hay harvest. The BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) destroyed some onion acreaye in both Mason and Smith Valleys of Lyon County during early May. Cotton Insects: No serious insect pests of cotton developed on the cotton acreage in southern Nye and Clark Counties, but localized infestations of TWO-SPOTTED MITE, COTTON APHID, and ARMYWORMS did require limited control measures. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: The most serious pests of shade trees in Nevada are the ELM LEAF BEETLE, EUROPEAN ELM SCALE, WILLOW APHID, COTTONWOOD BORER, and WILLOW BORER. The degree of infestation and distribution of these insects is . becoming more general especially in the areas of western Nevada adjacent to Reno. The PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) is becoming more general with individual trees severely infested in Washoe County. The VIRGINIA CREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) again defoliated most of the Virginia creeper in western Nevada. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: LICE, HORN FLY, CATTLE GRUB, WOOL MAGGOT, SHEEP KED, STABLE FLIES, HOUSE FLIES AND EAR TICKS were present in average numbers considering the use of - 961 - control methods developed in recent years. MOSQUITO populations were lighter in all areas except around irrigated lands where populations were normal. Miscellaneous: Miscellaneous insects affecting household and home jardens received considerable attention, probably due in part to the rapid development of urban areas and drought conditions. CLOVER MITE and SPIDERS caused more trouble than in past years. Other insects of note were EARWIGS, APHIDS, CUTWORMS, MITES, LEAFHOPPERS, THRIPS, and BORERS. TERMITES received their usual attention and are becoming more general, especially in western Nevada. For the past few years two groups of insects have required increasing attention. MITES have d: 7Lloped severe populations on many agricultural crops and have become a Serious pest to the home gardener, while APHID infestations have become more general both to agricultural areas and home gardens throughout the State. Jaw OVE ‘. REPORT a. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT” OF AGRICULTURE rns AGRICULTURAL | RESEARCH SERVI | PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY ee ~ — ee The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does rey responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports arid inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: : & Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service ay United States Department of Agriculture 1 Washington 25, D. C. te Volume 4 November lz, 1954 No, 40 SOOPER! LIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions LESSER CORNSTALK BORER heavy in areas of Texas and South Carolina. (pages 985, 988). Light infestations of GREENBUG in Deaf Smith and Randall Counties, Texas. None found in Kansas. (page 985). VEGETABLE WEEVIL damage appearing at Charleston, South Carolina. (paye $88). Summary INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 ~ in Vermont. (page 998). FRUIT INSECT conditions - 1954 - in New York-New England. (Dae ADDITIONAL NOTES. (pages, 991, 992). KK KK OK OK KOK KOK KOK OK KK KOK K WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 8, 1904 Hard freezes and widespread snowfalls east of the Rocky Mts. more typical of mid-winter than early November is featured for the weather of the week. Temperatures for the week averaged 15 degrees below normal at Knoxville, Tenn.; Greenville, S.C. ; and Augusta, Ga., and 10 degrees below in most of the remainder of the south and in the Ohio Valley. Minimum temperatures were particularly low in the southeast on the 3rd when Charleston, S.C. and Apalachicola, Fla. reported early season lows of 27 degrees and 32 degrees, respectively. In extreme southeastern Georgia 17 degrees was recorded at Alma. Some crop damage was reported from Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi and in the vicinity of Eagle Pass, Texas. ee Snowfall was juneral over the central and uprer Mississippi Valley eastward almost to the Atlantic Coast. Heavy snow fell in the Appalachianswith tlurries as far south as Chattanooga, Tenn. On the 4th snow was on the ground one to two inches deep over much of Indiana, one to six inches in central and eastern Kentucky, 5 to 10 inches in several mountain areas of Pennsylvania where a small area near Pleasant Mount reported as much as 15 inches, and up to 9 inches at hiyher elevations in eastern New York State. In the far West the week was a few dejrees warmer than the previous week and slightly warmer than normal. Virtually no precipitation fell west of a line joining International Falls, Minn, ; Columbia, Mo.; Oklahoma City, Okla. and Del Rio, Texas, except along the north Pacific coast particularly in western Washington where frequent rain totalled up to more than 4 inches or more for the week, Amounts were mostly light in most of the remainder of Texas and Oklahoma, the central and upper Mississippi and Ohio valley and Lake Regions. Also in Florida, central and southern Georgia, South Carolina and the southern half of North Carolina. Amounts of over an inch fell in New England, New York, eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Louisiana and some adjacent areas of Surrounding states and lyz inch or more in extreme eastern Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, western Arkansas, Alabama, northern Georgia, eastern Tqinessee, northern North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. One to 3-inch rains relieved the drought Situation in Louisiana, and parts of Mississippi and light rain fur- nished some relief locally in the remainder of the southeast. Moisture is very Short in the western portion of the central and lower Great Plains and plowing dust was reported from extreme east-central Colorado. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). FE OK AR AE KK OK OK OK OK KK OK OK KOE Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 5, 1954, unless othcrwisc designated. CEREAL END FOR.GE INSECTS EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Infestations reported from Lee County, new county record. (Warren). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - KANSAS - No greenbugs found in fields of wheat examined in Riley, Pottawatomie and Shawnee Counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Very light local infestation on volunteer wheat clumps and few good wheat fields in Deaf Smith and Randall Counties. Many predators. (Daniels). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - KANSAS - Infestations observed this fall in Garden City and Hays area of southwestern Kansas appear non-economic on volunteer and drilled wheat. (DePew, Harvey). WHITE GRUBS - KANSAS - Reports from many counties in western two-thirds of State that localized infestations have been quite destruc- tive to fall-seed grain. From 1 to 8 jrubs per square foot in infested areas; however, colder weather apparently causing decline in feeding activity. (Matthew). Observations on Two Syotted Spider Mite on Corn in Nebraska and Colorado: Reports of infestation of two-spotted spider mite on corn have been received several times during the last three seasons, An outbreak occurred in the Kearney and Cozad, Nebraska area in 1962, Infestations were reported from northeastern Colorado in 1953 and ajain in 1954. In 1954 a survey was undertaken in areas of these two states by Cereal and Forage Insect Sections Examinations in fields along U. S. Highway 40 between Grand Island and North Platte, Nebraska, showed mite infestation was low in all fields examined and indications were that this had been the seasonal condition. Evidence of injury was not apparent and red plants attributable to heavy mite in- festation were not present. In Colorado infestations were observed at Brighton, Longmont, Greeley, Ft. Morgan and Brush. Significant yield reduction was noted in one field showing typical reddening and stunting at Longmont. Mites were present in fields examined at Greeley and Brush but stunting was not evident. The most severe infestation was observed at Ft. Moran, where reduction in yield in one field was estimated to exceed. 50 percent. (Dicke). “986 - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Moth flights at Tensas Parish light trap continued heavy through week of Oct. 24, during which time 733 moths taken, (Burns). ARKANSAS - Average of 11.5 moths per night taken in light trap at Stuttgart week of October 21 Only 13 taken for the week of October 28. (Warren). RICE STINK. BUG (Solubea pugnax) - ARKANSAS - Late report from Lonoke County shows estimated reduction in yield in some fields of 15 bushels per acre. (Warren). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Heavy overwintering population in shoots growing from cane cut early for seed and in early~planted cane. Condition due to high temperatures which extended late into the fall. (Dugas, Burns). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - ARKANSAS - Four to 5 per 20 sweeps of 12-inch net in alfalfa in Logan and Cross Counties. (Warren). UTAH - Infestations increased late in season in sweet corn at St. George and Santa Clara. (Hughes). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) = ARIZONA - Damajing old stands of alfalfa in Yuma area by eating into crown and upper roots. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). TEXAS - Heavy widespread in- festation on peanuts and grain sorghums in Llano County. Damage so great that many farmers harvesting peanuts for hay rather than nuts. Heaviest infestations generally where these 2 crops interplanted. (Davis). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - TEXAS - Medium wide- spread infestation on alfalfa in Pecos County. Have caused concern on alfalfa in this area throughout growing season. (Thompson). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - VIRGINIA - Increase since cool weather, 280 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net. (Muka). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucopitthalmus) - VIRGINIA - Eggs still present in many females November 1. (Muka). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Four to 5 per 20 sweeps of lz-inch net in Logan County alfalfa, 35-40 per 20 sweeps in Cross County. (Warren). VIRGINIA - Have been lightly damaging alfalfa fields over State, slight yellowing of some plants. (Fenne). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) - ARIZONA - Found in a few alfalfa fields in Yuma area, north Gila Valley and on Yuma Mesa. In two fields damage appears as severe as in June, but general infestation is much lighter than in June. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE - TENNESSEE - New infestation found in Hardeman County. This infestation was discovered by USDA and State Dept. of Agric. personnel (Mullett), A GRASSWORM - SOUTH CAROLINA - Many fields completely stripped in Charleston area, considerable injury to one pasture, (Cuthbert, Oct. 26). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - Scattered infestations, 2 to 10 per leaf, on pangola grass in Hardee County. (Hodges). A,SOD WEBWORM (Pachyzancla phaeopteralis) - FLORIDA - Fourteen per square foot on centipede grass at Palatka, Putnam County. (Maltby). ‘FRUIT INSECT APPLE SEED CHALCID (Torymus druparum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate infestation in about half of orchards examined in Haywood County. Also found in Henderson and Buncombe Counties. (Turnipseed). ° TWIG GIRDLERS - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on pecan and elm trees in Comal County. (Fuller). COTTONY=CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy local infestation on citrus in Goliad County. (Sorenson). - 988 - TRUCK CROP INSECTS TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) - ARIZONA - Damage in one field of tomatoes at Yuma where fruit just beginning to ripen. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.), TEXAS - Medium to heavy local infestation on lettuce in Zavala and Uvalde Counties. (Gunter). LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza sp,) FLORIDA - Heavy infestations on tomato plants at Immokalee, Collier County. (Lander). Under control in most pole beans fields in Dade County, 1 adult per 4 sweeps. (Wolfenbarger). GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - FLORIDA - Light infesta- tions on tomato plants at Immokalee, Collier County. (Lander). CABBAGE CATERPILLARS - FLORIDA - Light infestations, -7 per 350 plants, of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) on cabbage and cauliflower at Hastings.(Dobrovsky). Also light on fall collards at Havana. (May). NORTH CAROLINA - Unidentified species damaging cole crops in Duplin County. (Reid). TEXAS - Cabbage looper medium widespread on cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts in Zavala and Dimmit Counties, (Gunter). Insects on Lettuce, Yuma, Arizona: CABBAGE LOOPER found generally at about 1 to 2 per 10 plants on early fields October 29 and November 5. Insecticides being applied. Occasional GREEN PEACH APHID noted October 29 and a few SALT-MARSH CATERPILLARS found in a few early fields where protective bands neglected. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Have had very serious situation in Charleston County. If insect should continue damage it has been causinj, could be serious threat to the snap bean industry of Charleston County and South Carolina. Four of 5 farms, involving 250 acres of snap beans, in- spected showed injury ranging from 40 to 90 percent. (Keil, Oct. 28). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Slight damage to outer rows of turnip greens in Charleston area, (Cuthbert, Oct. 46). SQUASH BUGS - UTAH - Moderately abundant to abundant on squash in several counties. (Knowlton). . A LOOPER (Pseudoplusia roaationis) - LOUISIANA - The looper reported doing extensive damage to sweetpotato foliage August 28 (see CEIR, 4(35): 820, line 1) has been identified by H. W. Capps as above species. (Burns). LEAFHOPPERS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Abundant on sweetpotatoes in Charleston area, considerable foliage injury. (Cuthbert, Oct. 26). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Averaging 25 larvae and adults per plant on sweetpotatoes of Arcadia, DeSota County. Area surveyed not indicated. (Sealey). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - The first infestations of the season outside previously quarantined area were found in ARKANSAS between October 16-31. First findings were in Clark County October 18, followed by Logan County October 19 and Yell County October 21. (PBW Cont. Proj.). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Has practically defoliated some cotton fields at Yuma October 29, Five to 8 larvae per plant in some of heaviest fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ye FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SCALE INSECTS - VIRGINIA - Many reports of infestations on orna- mentals in Norfolk area, mostly wax scales and Unaspis euonymi involved. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). BG te PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread infestation on elm and hackberry trees in Brazos and Lee Counties. Causing very painful stings to children playing near these trees. (Davis, Spivey). CORRECTION - Vol. 4, No. 41, page 923, under FIR NEEDLE MINER - UTAH - should read "Infestation was especially heavy this year on white fir --", INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Now found in backs of animals in most areas. (Howell). HOG LICE - OKLAHOMA - Prevalent in many parts of the State. (Howell). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaging 75 per animal on oeef cattle at Immokalee, Collier County. (Lander). STORED--PRODUCTS INSECTS G Stored-Grain Insect Activity, Maryland: ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH heavily infesting one 2, 000 bushel bin of barley in Anne Arundel County, light in three other bins. LESSER GRAIN BORER, GRANARY WEEVIL and SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE also heavily infesting one bin in this county. Two out of four bins inspected infested with latter species while lignt infestation of CADELLE found in all bins examined. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe in- festation of recently -narvested early hybric seed corn in Nash County. (Jones), MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS Infestation of Apterona crenulella, Utah, 1954: Investigations of activities of this insect in northwest Box Elder County during late August indicated infestations were limited essentially to the Lynn area with some 5 to 5 sections of land moderately to heavily infested, and a light population extending south nearly to Grouse Creek. All of the specimens observed were on sage and radbit brush, mostly on sage. Sage was noticeably damaged, but injury to rabbit brush was very slight. Where the bagworm occurred essentially alone on sage, from 10 to 25 percent of each plant had dropped leaves, and some stems were dead. However, for several miles along the road between Grouse Creek and Lynn nearly all the sage was more severely to completely damayed by an unidentified leaf tier. Although A. crenulella has been noticed in this area since 1951, it was considerably more abundant in 1954, (Lieberman, Davis, Knowlton). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Still causing concern to householders in Raleigh. (Jones, Gast). WYOMING - Continues to cause concern to property owners in boxelder tree grow- ing areas. (Poyner). UTAH - Annoyance continues in many localities. Populations about normal. (Knowlton). SILVERFISH - OKLAHOMA - Larger numbers than usual in Oklahoma County. (Bower). ADDITIONAL NOTES PENNSYLVANIA - Numbers of MILLEPEDES entering homes locally in Centre and Clearfield Counties. (Adams). BOXELDER BUGS entering homes in central and southeastern Pennsylvania. (Menusan, Adams). ELM LEAF BEETLES very abundant in Blair County and numerous complaints of entering homes. (Udine). A HUMPED-BACK FLY found in abundance in a house in Chester County. A FLY (Scatopse notata) found in large numbers in a house in Bucks County. A CHEESE MITE (Tyrophagus sp.) heavily infesting cheese and dried ejgs in school lunch room in Mifflin County. (Menusan). + oy 2 PUERTO RICO - FALL ARMYWORM (Lavhycma frugiperda) and A GRASSWORM (Mocis repanda) - Scattered outbreaks in pastures and meadows of malojillo and Guinea grass, specifically at Trujillo Alto, Carolina, Bayamon, Hatillo, Camuy, Lajas and Guayama. Light infestations of GREEN PEACH APHID, specifically unidentified but believed to be persicae, on wild mustard and sweetpotato at Cidra; none on tobacco in seedbeds or on recently set plants. (Wolcott). - 993 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 VERMONT Reported by J. W. Scott A wet cold soring and summer apparently hampered the activity of most insects in Vermont last summer, as they generally all appeared ‘later than usual. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was the most outstanding on forage crops. It made its first appearance in numbers Since 1933. Dama je was not as great as first anticipated; although hay grasses, corn, oats and millet were damaged in some areas of the State, mostly the southern part. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG Philaenus leucophthalmus was fairly abundant but no noticeable damaje was reported. WIREWORMS (Melanotus spp.) were quite noticeable in various parts of the State; some losses were reported on newly-sprouted bean plants. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES (Acalymma vittata) were generally abundant, light damase. CUTWORMS prob. Amathes spp.) did some damage to garden crops and were more numerous. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) appeared later than usual but numbers were probably less than usual. SLUG populations were quite heavy in gardens, but annoyance was probably greater than damaJe sustained. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) infestation was jreater in Bennington and Burlington than in previous years but somewhat lighter in Brattleboro and Westminster. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) probably caused greatest defoliation in at least six decades, only the northeast section of the State escaped. GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) had a late hatch but was at a high peak in the southem part of the State. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLARS (Mala- cosoma americanum) were heavy at many points throughout the State and were a nuisance in apple orchards. Disease in this Jroup was apparent. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) outbreaks occurred at scattered points. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was the most outstanding insect for the apple producers, although the population was not at peak levels. Large numbers of sarcophagid flies were observed and reported. An abundance of mycetophilid flies in the woods and dwéllings was observed and reported during September and Cctober. ~ 994 - FRUIT INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 NEW YORK - NEW ENGLAND STATES New York - New England Fruit Spray Specialists’ Conference November 3, 1904 This summary has been compiled from reports submitted by cooperators in each state or area.(E. H. Wheeler and A. I. Bourne). Symbols: G - of general concern as contrasted to L - of local importance only. O - negligible; 1, slight (less than 5%losses and/or inju minimum effort gave satisfactory protection; 2, moderate (5-20% losses) satisfactory control required full program with good timing; 3, serious (20% up) special effort or emergency treatments required above and beyond a normal full program of preventive measures. : : : P : New York CROP AND PEST: Me.: N. H: Vt. : Mass.: :R, i, 3 : Conn: Hudson :Champ. APPLE : : : ; Se Grune: Plum curculio 2-0) Gel) SUSaevGa2 2G = 2eeGell G=l Apple maggot : : : Guilt: G-1 1Ga8 in GalisGsle iGede us We 7ee Gas le L-l Codling moth 5) Grol ee One: Re taieey Gres vale G-l1: G-0 L-l : é a Os eels 2 Gall L-2 Red-~banded lioilsg (Gok Sib SC 8b os iol) 8" Gall L-2 leafroller : ; ; eu Lanka : : Apple sawfly : : : ; : NG] 94 Bud moth Graz 9 (Cras Yip Ge oils AO) FIL, L-l ; ; OEMs: : 0-3 Rosy aphid uaa 2 Gels G-l iy G-2) (Gla): G=)? Gs ea : : ; Sele Oles me eA uias Green aphid | Gal = 2eiL-OuNGE S6-1G S2EN G3 anE L-2 é ; : oy Za : 22 2-2 : White apple sG=a: W=2> =O): 7 Ger G-0) ial leathopper : : : : oy Olle 2 : : Huropean red 1G iIG-l:) Ga seat Es sesieEs! : mite : : :O-1 : : : | SZ : G-2 : : 5 : : : : New York CROP AND PEST: Me. :N. H. ;Vt. :Mass.: R.I. :Conn.: Hudson :Champ. (Continued) : : : 2 : : : Valley : Valle Z2-Spotted mite : WMA even GeleG=l Gel 3 > L-2 : : -O-1: L-2: : eS Clover mite : ; : : -h-02G-0:. L=0 A yellow mite : Shia tdeeb Piya! Yk=0'; Red bug and : : : : : : : 2 Tarnished plant :L-1 : Boa witeteeal.s *G=l so L-l ; L-l bu : : : : : : : : San Jose scale G : : : pe retell es a, ystershell scale: L-l:L-2: - : L-O: Japanese _ Spotted tentiform : : : ; leafminer 3 Pear eS ; : ee PEAR ; : : Glee eG Pear midge Blister mite .; : : g : SG : = Ly: Codling moth L PEACH : ; : : : : : Plum -curculio : i @ alae -G-l : G1 :G-2 5; G-O fo. truit moth s) G-ae 1-1: Sit EAE URE GLC Vaan) Peach tree borer : ; ort Me sae © SL ; Gal ; TICS: »G-) 20-1 3 G-1 : Le3 2-Spotted mite : : ; Geli Or aes . . G European red : ; ot Wee : : : G-0 mite 3 : ; G-l : G=0.7 Gslanwitier oR New York CROP AND PEST: Me. :N. H Vt. Mass: Ite lo :Conn. Hudson : Champ. (Cont'd) wee : : : : g : Valley : Valle Plant bug ae Gee JG-1°2G-1 : G-l 2 G-0 : : : 2 Ibyes)"2 : : (CRUE EURO. Fruit fly Plum Curculio : L-l Black aphid : 3 : : een ie 2) Gai Leaf miner -0 PLUM & PRUNE : G Plum curculio sles Os : 1-2* : G-l_ :G-2 G-l Plum aphid Buropean red mite : : : all onlin ONG alles G-0: GRAPE Ruts eye ISIE. anOila 5 8 (Ga G~2 Cane Jirdler SNR aac : : G-0 L Leafhopper : Gre : : om Ge eines lea) ee G-2: Tomato & Blister: : é : G- galls L [BEIUUAISEIEUEIS. 2 (Cultivated) : Goes : G-1: L-O:; G-0: Cranberry fruit- : : : : ; : : worm : : : : : : : : Cranberry j : : Te Greall: 2 (Gal0' weevil 5 . 5 . ° 5 . . Stem borer : : : TGs 8 Geille NOs Fruit fly : : : :G- (maqgot) : SJL) 8 Cherry fruitworm: : * On Beach Plums : = : : c : 5 Ne : ork CROP AND PEST: Me. : N.H.:Vt. :B&ss: R. I. :Conn:Hudson : Champ. : : 3 : : oe euley Valley Currant fruit : c C : G-l: : : : weevil : : : : : : : z BLUEBERRY . 2 : : : : 5 : (Wild) : se es é : : Pail y (maggot) > G-3 : 1-2: Gears STRA VWBERRY : : : Weevil bs So Naan Bs cul ecole gi 5 : 5 ca Men ee lees aa ES ae b= 4: : G-O: G OE : or : weno: : Saye oce : : 5 eee _G » 1-2 : 2-spotted mite : : : Geils : G-O: G-O : : : : : ied ints onal lear : Cyclamen mite alba bie Leo ealciers ; Cutworm 5 a SS Gai Gal heseG-O Aphids (virus 5 : 2 : vector G-] RASPBERRY Fruitworm Cane‘borer 2-spotted mite Aphids : GENERAL FEEDERS Japanese beetle: Tent Caterpillar : : ea Received from Rhode Island - too late for proper entry. APPLE: Woolly apple aphid, Lo-1; PEAR: Oriental fruit moth, L-1; q Green aphid, G-1; Pear Slug, L-1; GRAPE: Phylloxera, L-1; BLUEBERRY (Cultivated): Fall webworm, L-O; Plum curculio, L-O; White grubs, L-1. Fruit Insect Conditions ~ 1954 New York - New England States New Distribution Records: CONNECTICUT - Apple sawfly extending range towards Massachusetts border; little or no extension of range toward Rhode Island. HUDSON VALLEY.(N. Y.) - Heavy infestation of spotted tentiform leaf miner occurring further from the original | center of infestation, Unusual Outbreaks: NEW HAMPSHIRE. - Strawberry weevil on blackberries (L-3); praying mantis unusually abundant. MASSACHUSETT Rosy apple aphid; first brood red-banded leafroller; wind '"C-AROL, " "EDNA, W EV AVR ! Abnormal Seasonal Occurrences: MAINE ~- Late fruit fly infestation on apples, NEW/ HAMPSHIRE - Late emercence of apple maggot flies; late activity by raspberry cane borer. MASSACHUSETTS - Extended period of activity of first brood codlins; moth, apple maggot, curculio, leafroller, Japanese beetle and blackberry fruit fly; early appearance of tarnished plant bug. HUDSON VALLEY (N. Y.)- Orchard mites unusually scarce during spring and early summer. Plum curculio much less abundant than in preceeding years. Probable third brood of red- banded leafroller in southern area. CHAMPLAIN VALLEY (N.Y.) - Insects and mites were less destructive and easier to control than usual, Unusual Contributing Factors! MAINE - Rain and cold weather. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Excessive rainfall. MASSACHUSETTS - Relatively cool season with frequent rains checked insect development; counter- balanced loss of spray deposit due to rains; unseasonably high temperatures for 3-4 days in April brouyht out hibernating insects; unseasonable high temperatures in October increased late leafroller injury. CONNECTICUT - Increase in San Jose scale probably due to destruction of natural enemies; red mite population kept down due to heavy rains and dampness. HUDSON VALLEY (N. Y. ) - Drought in Summer of 1953 apparently reduced plum curculio emergence from pupae in soil. CHAMPLAIN VALLEY (N.Y.) - Cool, wet season was perhaps responsible for decreased insect and mite activity. Unexpected and Unexplained Failures: NEW HAMPSHIRE - Light set of McIntosh likely due to weather unfavorable for polinatiny insects and for pollen tube growth. MASSACHUSETTS - Unsatisfactory kill of curculio jruos by soil treatments with several insecticides. 4 No. 46 oon, || ae: 4: he AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agrli- culture. {ts contentsare compiled from informa~ tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Se, bi Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 4 November 19, 1954 No. 46 SQOPHEATIVE-HCONOMICINSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions First record of an ALFALFA ROOT WEEVIL in Texas (page 1002). HESSIAN FLY survey in Kansas, summer 1954. (page 1003). WALNUT HUSK FLY found in Washington for the first time. ae i ‘ A rarely reported LACE BUG collected in South Orange, New Jersey. (page 1005), Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 - Michigan (page 1009), Wyoming (page 1012). SURVEY METHODS for potato-infesting aphids in Maine. (page 5) Uj). REE eR OK OK KOK OK KOK OK OK KK KK OK OK OK OK KK OK & Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 12, 1954, unless otherwise designated. - 1000 - WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK * Mid-November to mid-December 1954 The Weather Bureau's 30day outlook for the period from mid-November to mid-December calls for temperatures to average above normal in the eastern half of the United States except near normal in New England and much above normal in the Ohio Valley. Below normal temperatures are indicated west of the Continental Divide with greatest departures in northern California. Precipitation amounts are expected to equal or exceed normal over most of the nation except for subnormal amounts along the Atlantic Seaboard and in the extreme Southwest, *This report released by the Weather Bureau on November 16, 1954. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook," published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You Can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price: $4. 80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 16, 1954 Unseasonably warm, dry, sunny weather prevailed over most of the Country last week. Maximum temperatures were generally in the 70's in the southern portion of the Country and on a few days even in the north-central Interior where temperatures for the week averaged from 6° to 12° above normal. With clear skies favoring radiation nighttime temperatures were on the cool side, however, minima ranged in the 40's and 50's in the South and near or below freezing in the North. Measurable precipitation was nearly all limited to areas west of the Continental Divide, eastern Texas, extreme southern and western portions of Louisiana, and in Florida where rains were un- usually heavy in some localities. Red Bluff, Calif., had a weekly total of 6. 36 inches which was 5. 90 inches above normal, and Key West, Fla,, had 20,65 inches of which 19, 88 inches fell in a 24-hour period ending 7:30 a.m., the 13th. At the end of the period light to locally heavy rains were falling in the area extending from the lower Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic Coast, (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). - 1001 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Infestation found in corn fields of Cloud, Graham. Jewell, Lincoln, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Rooks, Russell and Smith Counties, Infestations in northern counties were generally light (1 to 4 percent of the stalks girdled); however, a field of northeast Russell County had 50 percent of the stalks lodged as result of girdling. (Matthew). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphyqma frugiperda) - KANSAS - During a survey of corn fields of Graham, Lincoln, Osborne, Phillips, Rooks Russell, Ottawa and Smith Counties, it was found that an average of 5 percent of the ears had dropped from the stalks as the result of prior feeding of this species in the shank. (Matthew). ARIZONA - Reported to have been the most serious pest of autumn planting of sweet corn in the State. It destroyed almost 300 acres in Maricopa County and growers gave up on control. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - KANSAS - None found in any of the wheat fields surveyed for insect infestations in following counties: Clay, Cloud, Decatur, Graham, Jewell, Lincoln, Norton, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Rooks, Russell, Sheridan, Smith, Thomas and Washington. (Matthew). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Still active on warim days. (Petty). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - VIRGINIA - Light in an alfalfa field of Henrico County. (Davis). LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Still active in alfalfa fields and on weeds during warm days. (Knowlton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Still numerous and laying eggs in some succulent alfalfa fields of the northern part of the State. (Knowlton). - 1002 - AN ALFALFA ROOT WEEVIL (Ophryastes sp., det. R. E. Warner). TEXAS - Medium to heavy local infestation on alfalfa in Ward County. Causing much of the alfalfa to die around the town of Barstow. This is the first record of this insect in Texas. (Harrison). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on "button clover" and oats in Hood County. (Hillman). WHITE GRUBS - KANSAS - Heavy infestation in a wheat field of Norton County. Heavy feeding had killed many of the plants, however, few grubs (2 per yard of drill row) were found. Numerous diggings throughout the field gave evidence that animal predators apparently had destroyed most of the grubs. (Matthew). AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum subterraneum) - KANSAS - Infestation found in one field of wheat in northeast Russell County. Some of the infested plants were wilted but this may have been the result of insufficient sub-soil moisture. (Matthew). A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - FLORIDA - Causing heavy infestations on St. Augustine jrass at several homes in the Lake Jessie area, Winter Haven.Control measures taken. (Wesson). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on St. Augustine grass in Bexar County, also damaging to lawns of this grass. (Tate). FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults averaged up to 25 per square foot on Bermuda grass in Miami. (Link). TERMITES - TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread infestation on pasture grasses in Wilson and Bexar Counties. Severe damage to pasture grasses. Spots up to 380 feet in diameter have been killed out. (Fuller, Davis). : ‘(souor ‘molyyeI\l) PISTF YoRe UT pouTMexe SmMA}S AjITY *payseqUr su1a3s quUso1ed efereae sunhbly M0}}0g ‘POUTMeXS SPTET} JO Jequinu sanbty doy, FG6I setmtng ‘apart m1 fan ma kr gt WeTrecatr - 1004 - FRUIT INSECTS WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - WASHINGTON - Found for first time late in October in black and Persian walnuts in the city of Yakima, where it is fairly common, and has evidently been there several years. Walnuts are not commercially produced in the Yakima Valley. (Newcomer). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on pecans in Bexar County. (Davis). WOOLLY APPLE APHIDErosoma lanigerum) - WASHINGTON - : Heavy infestation, especially on sucker growth, on apple at Pullman. . (Johansen). WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - UTAH - Moderately numerous on walnut foliage in Utah County. (Knowlton). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Medium local in- festation on cauliflower in Dimmit County. (Richardson). VIRGINIA - Moderate infestations on collards, kale and other crucifers where control measures were inadequate. (Morris). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM and CABBAGE APHID - VIRGINIA - In the eastern area the imported cabbageworm is relatively abundant : on untreated or inadequately treated cabbage, collards and kale, while the cabbage aphid seems to be on the increase on fall-grown crucifers. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - UTAH - Numerous in some squash patches. (Knowlton). ' A - 1005 - COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Found in Payne County, Oct. 21, 1954, for the first time, in a field 1-1/2 miles west of Stillwater. (Bryan). With the completion of gin trash ‘inspections in TENNESSEE and MISSISSIPPI no infestations were found in any State east of the Mississippi River. Six additional first- time infested counties reported from OKLAHOMA include Choctaw, ‘Haskell, Muskogee, Oklahoma, Pontotoc and Pottowatomie. Large scale trash examinations in Fresno, Kern, Kings, Riverside and Tulare Counties in CALIFORNIA were negative. (PBW Cont. Proj.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER - UTAH - Ecg masses numerous on many trees in Salt Lake County in the areas heavily damaged by larvae last spring. Another outbreak in 1955 seems a probability. (Knowlton). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis globulifera det R. I. Sailer) - NEW JERSEY - Causcd scrious injury to a large andromeda plant in South Orange, and killed one plant. Collected by Rose E. Warner, October 24, (Sailer). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults severcly damagin3 a mangrove in South Miami. (Link). A WOOLLY OAK GALL (Callirhytis lanata) - TEXAS - Medium wide- spread infestation on live oak trees in Fort Bend County. (Fuller). - 1006 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS FOWL TICK (Argas persicus) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on chickens in Gray County. (Thomas). STICKTIGHT FLEA (Echidnophaga gallinacea) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation in chicken and turkey houses in Parker County. (Davis). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Bdellonyssus sylviarum det. E. W. Baker) - ARIZONA ~ Found in large numbers in a ward of a local hospital during the weck of July 25, 1954, This mite is an ectoparasite of birds and its occurrence undcr these circumstances is unusual. It was suggested that birds must have congregated in or near the building. There were no reports of the mitcs feeding on man. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). HOUSE FLIES - UTAH - Still fairly numerous and annoying in many communities, (Knowlton). STORED- PRODUCTS INSECTS ARKANSAS - During weck of November 1, samples of grain were _ taken from the same bins in north Logan, Gross, north Arkansas “and Jefferson Countics that were visited week of October 27. As grain in 15 bins was sold or planted, samples were taken from only 35 of the original 50. Insects were infesting 30 bins and the number of bins in which they were found is as follows: (Number in parenthesis is the number of bins found previously) saw-toothed jrain dectle (Qryzacphilus surinamensis) 20 (33), flour beetles (Tribolium sp.) 14(22), grain beetles (Lacmophloeus sp.) 5(10), lesscr grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) 2(5), and cadelle (LTencbroides mauritanicus) 2(1). (Warren, Barnes). INDIAN-MEAT MOTH (Plodia interpunctclla) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on stored grain sorghum in Victoria County. (McCombs). - 1007 - MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Reports from Baltimore, Frederick and Montgomery Counties of nuisance from this insect. (U. Md., Ent. Dept). VIRGINIA - Moving into dwellings and causing concern in Montgomery, Roanoke and Bedford Counties and also in Fredericksburg. (Morris, Reynolds and Kash). UTAH - Continucs to be a household problem in many localities. (Knowlton). AN ORIBATID MITE (Family Galumidac det. G. Wharton) - MARYLAND - Mites in large numbers swarming in a house at Cambridge. Source unknown, (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - ARKANSAS - From November 4 to 10 at the Ricc Branch Station 15 armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) adults and 10 black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) moths were collected. At Fayetteville from Octobur 29 to November 12, adults of 8 corn earworm (Heliothis armigcera), 2 black cutworm, and 1 armyworm werc collccted. The last armyworm adult wes taken at Fayetteville on October 3]. Larval infestations of H. armigera averaged 22 per 100 sweeps of a 12-inch net November 10 on alfalfa in the northwestern area, (Warren, Barnes). RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY A living larva of the bean butterfly, Lampides boeticus (L.), (Lycacnidac) was intcrecpted recently in a flower lei (Canavalia sp. ) in ships' baggage from Hawaii at San Pedro, California (Reynolds). This insect has been reported injurious to various legumes in many parts of the world. It is said to occur throughout most of Africa Central and Southern Asia, Europe and the Pacific Islands, including Hawaii. It is not known to occur in the continental United States. The bean butterfly has been reported causing serious injury to leguminous crops in Lebanon, It is said to be a common pest of beans in Japan and a common butterlfy in Hawaii where it is thought to have been introduced before 1880. There the larvae feed on peas, beans, and - 1008 - other legumes, In many parts of its extensive range it is considered a minor pest occasionally becoming serious in local areas, Life history studies indicate that the adult butterflies deposit eggs in the flower pods and buds of the plant. The larvae feed on the flowers, seeds, and occasionally in the stalks. Pupation occurs in fallen leaves or trash on the soil or on leaves or stems. Two or more generations have been reported. Hibernation is said to occur in the egg stage in Japan. Larvae of the bean butterfly have been inter- cepted on numerous occasions in flower leis from Hawaii, a few times in beans and peas from Hawaii and once in soy beans from Japan at West Coast ports. (Compiled by Plant Quarantine Branch). - 1009 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 MIC HIGAN Reported by Ray Hutson The most notable entomological event in Michigan during the past season was the discovery of an infestation of first instar GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) larvae on the south side of the City of Lansing, May 19, 1954. Mobilization of USDA and State Control officials resulted in the scouting delimitation and spraying of an area in excess of 85,000 acres. This comprised the known infested area plus a barrier area surrounding it. Reports of moth trapping on approximately 1, 500, 000 acres show the finding of one egg mass in the sprayed area and three very localized infestations outside the sprayed area. Incidence of other insects deviated only in minor ways from the usual pattern, The active season began late and continued into October. GRASSHOPPERS, chiefly Melanoplus mexicanus and M. femur-rubrum, and CUTWORMS were slightly more numerous than usual. Peridroma margaritosa and Pseudaletia unipuncta infestations occurred along. with the usual cutworm species. Thrips, Frankliniella tritici, were annoying all over central Michigan at harvest. Fruit Infesting Insects and Mites PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was probably responsible for more damage than any other fruit infesting insect. While it was jenerally well controlled on peach, it caused noticeable damage on red tart cherries, sweet cherries, apples and blueberries wherever any slip-up in spray applications occurred. PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola), and ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) affecting apple were of no great consequence while CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) , with the help of a hot spell late in September, staged a small rally). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) due to the same September weather managed almost a full third brood but earlier control reduced numbers until only slight damage resulted. - 1010 - Damage in individual Amber Gem and Elberta peach orchards went as high as 18 percent from ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) as a result of the late hot spell. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was severe in poorly sprayed orchards while fewer infestations of blueberries by R. pomonella were observed due to better spray timing. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus bimaculatus) and EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) were normally abundant. Established cherry pests such as CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) and BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (R. fausta) were troublesome as usual in home plantings. A late season-mixed infestation of CHERRY FRUIT WORM (Grapholitha packardi) and the PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) were locally troublesome in the northern cherry growing area. Soil Infesting Insects ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua), SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. cilicrura) and CABBAGE MAGGOT (H, brassicae) were extremely numerous in early spring but dry hot weather came in early June and they disappeared. Control measures were effective where applied. WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga) of Brood A were moderately abundant. WIREWORMS, Chiefly Agriotes, were sporadically troublesome. Introductions of JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) required quarantine treatment on approximately 1, 000 acres in the State this year. Field Crop Insects KHUROPE AN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was slightly above normal in abundance as shown by fall survey while CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) was more numerous than in years. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was abundant on alfalfa and field beans in all sections of the State. POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) was common on potatoes, and tomatoes late in the summer. VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) was reported from all parts of the Lower Peninsula. MEXICAN BE. AN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) continued troublesome on snap beans for canning with a few infestations on field beans. - 1011 - Forest Insects EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana), WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) and the EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) were abundant over the Lower Peninsula. Pachystethus oblivia caused extensive defoliation.in Christmas tree, highway, and forest plantings and larvae became numerous about the roots of many red, jack, and scotch pine plantings in upper part of the Lower Peninsula. LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) was widespread in its occurrence while the LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) was reported only sparingly from a few small infestations in the Upper Peninsula and Higgins Lake in the Lower Peninsula, A JACKPINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion banksianae) was the most commonly reported sawfly, although N. lecontei was also widespread and Pikonema alaskensis reported. Moderate in- festations of SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) and FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) were scattered through the woodlots of the southern half of the Lower Peninsula. The seemingly endemic WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) infestation near West Branch was quite noticeable in the late summer. A noticeable increase in infestation by a western pitch ball moth (Petrova albi- ' cCapitana) was apparent in the northern areas both above and below the “ straits of Mackinac. Near Newberry, the BRONZE BIRCH BORER, '(Agrilus anxius) is beginning to appear in an area of about three square miles infested by BIRCH LBAFMINER (Fenusa pusilla). (Hutson). - 1012 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 WYOMING Reported by Martin M. Poyner Forage Crop Pests Legume insects caused an estimated $7, 248, 000. 00 damage to alfalfa and other legume forage crops during the growing season of 1954, ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused moderate to severe damage in alfalfa fields where early control measures were not used. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) caused an estimated $65, 000. 00 damage to the alfalfa seed-growing areas. Reports are that this insect was probably worse this year than in the past few years. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) was found to be causing considerable damage in the alfalfa seed-growing areas. Other insects that caused light to moderate damage to legume crops were as follows: aphids, pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) , armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), blister beetle Epicauta sp.j, spider mites, and grasshoppers. Vegetable Pests The most serious pest of vegetables was the MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) which caused moderate to severe damage to garden beans in the southeastern area. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) caused severe to very severe damage to sweet corn plantings. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) and IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) caused light damage to cabbage plant- ings. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) lightly damaged some squash plantings in southeastern area. Field Crop Insects EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was found to be more numerous in sweet corn plantings in Goshen County, than in field corn. In sweet corn plantings, the European corn borer infestation was found to be 5 larvae per 100 plants. A very light infestation which was found in Goshen and Platte Counties seemed to follow the water routes. POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) was throughout the potato growing areas. As hot weather approached the lower - 1013 - elevations, the psyllid appeared to seek cooler areas in higher elevations. Some damage occurred to early potatoes in Goshen County, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia_ unipuncta) adults migrated into the State from outside, causing moderate to severe damage to many crops, including bariey, oats, alfalfa, grass crops, other hay crops and sugar beets. Good control was obtained in some areas. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was found throughout the State wherever corn is grown. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer _temellus), in Goshen County, caused curly top in some areas. Moderate infestations of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) were in all corn fields that were surveyed for this insect. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was very abundant in some areas. FALSE WIREWORMS caused considerable damage to fall wheat in some Platte County areas, GRASSHOPPERS caused slight to moderate damage to cropland borders in some areas throughout the State and moderate damage to winter wheat borders in the southeastern part. Shade Tree, Fruit Tree, and Ornamental Insects EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) caused slight to severe damage to American elm wherever this tree is grown in the State. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was more numerous in some sections than usual, CHERRY-SLUG was quite numerous on both cherry trees and other closely related plants in some areas. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) caused moderate to severe damage to home apple orchards. A Cicada, abundant in some areas, damaged apples. Rose leafhopper was very numerous in some of.the areas on rose bushes. BOXELD#&R. BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was very numerous wherever this tree is grown. and migrated into houses. Livestock Insects The estimated losses to cattlemen from some of these insects are as follows: CATTLE LICE -- $2, 602, 300, CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) -- $6, 507,930.00, HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) -- $8,677, 280.00 and SHEEP KED(Melophaqus ovinus) -- $2, Oll, 460. 00. - 1014 - Insects Affecting Man Apparently HOUSE FLIES were more numcrous this year than last, and were annoying to residents in many areas. MOSQUITOES caused wide concern particularly in the western sections. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) was more numerous than usual in different localities in the State. Forest Insects BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dentroctonus ponderosae) infestation was checked in northern Johnson County. The balance of the county is under control. Woodpeckers, a natural predator, increased in numbers and attacked this beetle. Rangeland Insects 201, 559 acres of rangeland GRASSHOPPERS and 2,990 acres of MOR- MON CRICKETS were controlled in the State this year. Moder- ate to severe infestations of LEAF HOPPERS were found on many meadow land acres in northwestern arcas causing concern to livestockmen, Surveys show that there is a build up in GRASSHOPPER populations where control work was done a few years ago. - 1015 - SURVEY METHODS Populations of Potato-Infesting Aphids and of Aphid Eggs on Primary Hosts in Maine Since 1942 a study of the populations of winged and wingless aphids and of aphid eggs on the more important primary hosts of three _ species of potato-infesting aphids in northeastern Maine has been in progress, The potato-infesting species included in the study have been the buckthorn aphid (Aphis nasturtii Kltb. (=abbreviata Patch)), the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the potato aphid (Macrosiphum solanifolii). The more important primary hosts of these aphids, respectively, are alder-buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia) Canada plum (Prunus nigra) and wild roses (Rosa spp., chiefly swamp rose, R. palustris). During the course of this study some methods have been devised and tested which appear to provide estimates of populations of the aphids and of aphid eggs on the more important primary hosts. Some of these methods appear to be suitable while others are not entirely satisfactory. All can doubtless be improved upon. An outstanding result of the study has been the realization that except in the instance of the buckthorn aphid, fall and spring surveys of aphid egg abundance are of much reduced value without a knowledge of the size and com- position of the fall aphid populations on the primary hosts. A know- ledge of population trends of the aphids on these hosts in spring is also of value in anticipating the probable time and size of the spring migrations since the operation of many factors may tend to change the outlook for size of the spring migration. Populations of the Aphids The potato aphid: One hundred randomly located units are examined in determining the size of potato aphid population at each observation station of wild roses. Depending upon time of year and stage of plant growth three units of sample are employed. Two of these are used in the spring and the other one in the fall. Both units in the spring - 1015 - are located on the terminals of limbs, branches, or stems of the plant. The early-season unit is all new growth on the terminal 6 inches at these places on the plants. This unit is used from the time the eggs begin to hatch until the young leaves begin to unfold. From then until the spring migration of the aphid is complete the unit is all new growth on enough buds at branch or stem terminals to make a total of S inches of new growth. Records for each unit include the number of buds examined having new growth, the number of buds infested by the potato aphid, and the total number of potato aphids found. These data are essential in comparing potato aphid population sizes at dif- ferent places, and in determining population trends at any one place. Aphid populations are expressed as (1) the average numbers of winged and of wingless potato aphids per unit, per infested unit, per bud or new growth from single buds, and per infested bud; and (2) the per- centage of infested units or buds. The whole compound leaf is the unit of sample from the start of the fall migration until fall breeding is complete. Fall populations of the potato aphid are expressed as the average number of potato aphids per leaf and the percentage of leaves infested. After the leaves begin to fall an estimate is made of the percentage of leaves still attached. The green peach aphid; Populations of the green peach aphid on Canada plum are determined (1) at the spring peak of abundance of aphid colonies, and (2) from the beginning time of the fall migration until all of the leaves have fallen. The determination in spring is made at the time when the spring migration of the green peach aphid is at the peak, usually about the middle of June. This determination is based upon (1) the number of aphid colonies observed by two workers concurrently searching, for the same unit of time (usually 10 minuteg, in separate parts of the same plum thicket, and (2) collections ef a __ representative number of the colonies found. The workers must know how to recognize at a glance the presence of an aphid colony, as well as the locations and types of growth most likcly to be infested. Exam- ination of the collected specimens is made with a binocular microscope © to determine the numbcr of colonies containing the green peach aphid only, and the number with species in addition to the green peach aphid. Abundance of the aphid is expressed as the average number of aphid - 1017 - colonies found per minute of observation, the percentage of colonies infested only by the green peach aphid, and the percentage of green peach aphid colonies also containing other species of aphids. Fall populations of the aphid are determined by examining 100 randomly located leaves on plants of Canada plum in each thicket. Once the leaves begin to fall, an estimate is made of the percentage of leaves still attached to the plum trees. Fall populations of the aphid are expressed as the average numbers of winged and of wingless forms per leaf and per infested leaf. The buckthorn aphid: Populations of the buckthorn aphid are determined _Onalder buckthorn from the beginning time of the fall migra- tion until fall breeding is complete or until the apterous forms become so numerous that extensive movement of the aphid occurs over the plants. After the foliage begins to drop records are made to show the percentage of leaves still attached. At each location a count consists of examining 100 randomly-located, attached leaves. The population is expressed as the average numbers of winged and of wingless buckthorn aphids per leaf and the percentage of leaves infested, Because of the small size and the breeding habits of this aphid, no satisfactory method has becn devised to determine spring populations of the buckthorn aphid on its primary host. Some indication has been obtained at the spring peak of aphid abundance by examining for aphids all new growth of three or four terminal buds at the tips of branches or stems. Population size is expressed as average number of colonies per branch or stem terminal and the percentage of terminals infested. Populations of Aphid Eggs Populations of aphid cggs on the primary hosts are determined semi- annually, in the fall after egg deposition is complete and again in late spring just before hatching starts. These times usually are early in November and late in April. - 1018 - Canada plum and alder-buckthorn: Nine bunches of 10 twigs each are randomly cut from branch or stem terminals in 9 separate sections of each thicket of Canada plum or patch of buckthorn. The terminal 9 buds on each twig are then examined in the laboratory with the aid of a binocular microscope to determine the number of aphid eggs by each bud. Records by bud position or number are made to show for each the number of fully distended and the number of shrivelled eggs found. An egg is considered as being shrivelled if it is not perfectly distended. Populations are expressed as the average number of each kind of eggs per 100 buds. Wiid roses: Examinations of wild roses for aphid eggs are made in the field with the aid of a reading glass and a hand lens. Two units of sample are employed in each rose: patch, viz., the terminal 9 buds on each of 30 randomly located branch or stem terminals, and 270 individual crotches of branches and limbs. Records are made to show by bud position or crotch number the numbers of fully distended and shrivelled eggs. An egg is considered as being shrivelled if itis not perfectly distended. Populations are expressed as the numbers of fully distended and shrivelled eggs per 100 buds or crotches. Location of Sample Units Random location of sample units in all of these procedures is essential, both vertically on the plants and to include all parts of the area covered by the host at each station. The results of some observations of the potato aphid on swamp rose illustrate the importance of random sampling in any effort to compare between locations, populations of the aphid or of aphid eggs. Equally important considerations are involved for other species of aphids on their primary hosts. In the fall the potato aphid is more abundant on yellowing leaves than on green ones. Yellowing leaves are usually more abundant inside and near the base of the plants than at branch or stem terminals or outer parts of the plants. In the spring the aphids breed most commonly at the tip of new growth, irrespective of location on the plant. Frequently, the populations are larger than elsewhere on young rose - 1019 - shoots near the base of the plant and inside the rose patch. Popu- lations of the eggs and of the aphids are larger, both in fall and in spring, on rose plants growing inside hedgerows or narrow bands of trees than on similar plants growing outside or in unprotected places. The composition of the aphid population and of the aphid eggs may vary tremendously on rose plants within a small patch that appears to be very uniform as to sameness of environmental conditions. (W. A. Shands and G. W. Simpson). =! er seg ND : “as big wR al SA egy Main > Ua Tn oe ' our Dee PRE eee i Loita hae Ga com ue ahi tae io ane ) Wt ee bas } i), : ’ far vy y ¥* r Nv hae Wr : j 7 vi ) qV i i) J 1 Re i b?) i A Pet) \ : : v ' | 74 ae ey i fe . A ‘ rf a = oe & * a ¢ | - ¢ tf | : ‘ : C 0 0 | } i C ; Ay S E C iat a ‘ Re oi % * Us ie °. wr, \j iy >, f se . ; . = | , me _\ ’ ~ A ? Ca abs 2. Medias ITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE @%*» AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 4 Novemver 26, 1954 ‘No. 47 COP nna live BCONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions LESSER CORNSTALK BORER severe on corn in Boynton, Florida. Other reports. (pages 1023 and 1025). BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in South Carolina. (page 1028). PINK BOLLWORM Jin trash inspection results from Arkansas, Oklahoma and cther areas. (page 1028). PESTS collected from deer in Oklahoma. (page 1029). IPS BEETLES heavy and widespread on pines in east Texas. (page 1031). Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 - Indiana. (page 1032), North Dakota (page 1037). 2 KR RK OK RK OK ROR ROK RK Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 19, 1954, unless otherwise designated. = 1022 - WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 22, 1994 Last week's temperatures, averaging above normal everywhere xcept in the California Central Valley where they were slightly below, were unusually mild for the season in the northern two-thirds of the Country where weekly averages generally were 10 degrees or more above normal and as much as 17 degrees above at a few Stations in Montana. East of the Continental Divide the mildest temperatures occurred during the early part of the week when maxima rose into the 70's from Pennsylvania to South Dakota--Huron, South Dakota 70 and Keosauqua and Oskaloosa, Iowa 74° on the 16th, Chicago 70, Cleveland 72, and Pittsburg 71 on 17th. In the northern Rocky Mountain. States, however, highest maximum temperatures occurred at the end of the period reaching 72° at Cody, Wyoming and 70° at Havre, Montana near the Canddian Border. At the close of the period from the Mississippi Valley eastward general precipitation followed by cooler air from the north and west reduced temperatures to below normal in the extreme south and near normal levels elsewhere. An interesting reversal of the normal distribution of temperatures occurred at this time when minimum temperatures in the South were as low or lower than in the North. A good example of this occurred on the 22nd when minimum temperature at Alma, Georgia, a short distance above Jacksonville, Florida, was 30° while Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Caribou, Maine reported 32 and 34 degrees, respectively. The week's precipitation totalled over one-half inch in the Central Mississippi Valley, most of the South, the Atlantic Coastal States, Michigan, and a few sections along the western slopes of the Northern Rockies, most of central and northern California and western part of Washington and Oregon. Arizona and nearly all of the Great Plains received very little or none for the second consecutive week. In the lower Mississippi Valley and the southeast general, light to moderate rains at beginning of the period and again over the weekend greatly improved top soil moisture thereby benefitting fall-planted crops and pastures. Except in the Florida peninsula, more rain is still needed, however, to restore subsoil moisture and replenish water supplies (Weather continued on page Ne - 1023 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus ligncsellus) - FLORIDA - Noted on lupine at Gainesville. (Kuitert). Also on lupine at Quincy. (Rhoades, Webb). Severe on corn in Boynton area. Forty percent of stand infested in some plantings. Several hundred acres involved. Some crucifer plantings infested in Belle Glade area, also corn and peppers. (Genung, Thames, Cuestel). GEORGIA - Small larvae killing seedlings in experimental lupine in Tift County, Nov. 3.(Beck). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Survey at Stillwater, Payne County, made near sorghum gave average of 369 Per square foot in little blue stem. (Fenton). FALL ARMY WORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - CALIFORNIA - Approximately 50 percent of corn crop damaged in Riverside County during October. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA - Lighter infestation on Sugarcane than last year in Everglades area. (Genung, Thames, Questel). A GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Medium widespread infestation on oats in Falls County. Several fields showed typical Silvered leaves. (Atkins). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Abundant for time of year in Lipscomb County. Found in most volunteer fields of rank growth. (Daniels). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Found in extremely Small numbers in 8 fields in Randall, Deaf Smith, Swisher, Brisco and Floyd Counties. (Daniels), FLORIDA - Increasing on many grasses in the Everglades area; however, the parasite, Aphidius testaceipes, beginning to affect the aphids. (Genung, Thames, Guestel). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - Increasing On pangola grass in Everglades area. (Genung, Thames, Questel). - 1024 - RHODES GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - FLORIDA - Severe injury to St. Augustine grass at Pensacola, Escambia County where this pest reported for the first time. (Jackson). Adults averaged 79 per square foot and severe infestations found on Bermuda grass at Hollywood. (Link). COWPEA APHID (Arhis medicaginis) - FLORIDA - Average of several per plant infesting 80 -acre lupine field at Live Oak, Suwannee County. Det. Tissot. (Ritchey). LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - FLORIDA - Average of 3-5 adults per square yard on lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County. Adults first observed Nov. 8. (Kuitert). Eggs and larvae infesting lupine at Quincy. (Rhoades, Webb). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Medium heavy local infestation on alfalfa and clover in Brazos County. (Fuller, Randolph, Davis). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) - “CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in alfalfa in Borrego Valley, San Diego County during October. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in alfalfa in Stanislaus County during October. Medium in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). LEAF MINERS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to alfalfa in parts of Riverside County during Octover. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). ARMYWORM (Pscudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - ‘Total of 102 adults taken in light trap at Stuttgart November 16-17. (Warren). GEN SSEE - A few adults being taken at light traps in Knoxville. HRUERINSE Cams ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Brevipalpus lewisi caused fruit scarring in Kern County tangerine orchards. Metatetranychus ulmi was medium to severe on 25,000 acres of prunes and 5, 000 acres ~ 102-5 - of pears in Santa Clara County. Also caused some defoliation of pears in Sacramento County. Tetranychus bimaculatus also medium to severe in 25, 000 acres of prunes in Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coep., Ins. Hept.,; ‘Oct. ): GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) - FLORIDA - Heavy infestations of nymphs and adults on avocado fruit in Dade County. (Wolfenbarger). BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread infestation on figs in Val Verde County. Identified by V. A. Little. (Fuller). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy in walnut orchards in San Bernardino County during mctober. (Cal. Coop. Ins: Rept.). NAV EL ORANGE WORM (Myelois venipars) - CALIFORNIA - Damage as high as 11 percent to walnut crop in Tehama County during Oct. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - GEORGIA - Many nuts of Mobile variety ruined on trees at Fort Valley, Oct. 22. (Snapp. ). TRUCK CROP INSECTS LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA - Severe damage to beans in Coachella Valley, Riverside County during October. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept.). GEORGIA - Moderate tunneling damage to 20 acres of sweetpotatoes in Mitchell County, Oct. 22. (Crownover, Jones). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diatrotica balteata) - FLORIDA - Considerable injury to beans in gardens and experimental plantings in the Belle Glade area. (Genung, Thames, Cuestel). COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread infestation on peas in Rio Grande Valley. (Griffith). - 1026 - CCRN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - TEXAS - Light to medium widespread in Rio Grande Valley. Infesting lettuce, cadvage and broceodli. Larvae found in heads making control very difficult. (Griffith). Medium local infestation on spinach in Zavala County. Contamination stopped processing for a few days. Some garden webworm also involved. (Richardson). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light to heavy widespread on lettuce, caboage and broccoli in Rio Grande Valley. (Griffith). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults on cabsage at Sanford, Seminole County. In 7 fields, 1, 400 plants were examined with 0. 6 plants per 100 infested. Severe damage to plantings of garden crucifers in the Everglades area. (Wilson, Genung, Thames, Questel). CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - FLORIDA - Larvae infesting cabbage at Sanford, Seminole County. Of 7 fields examined, only one was infested and this at the rate of 3.5 percent of plants examined. (Wilson). Infesting about 25 percent of cauliflower plants near Belle Glade. (Genung, Thames, Cuestel). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - FLORIDA - Severely damaging garden crucifers in the Everglades area. (Genung, Thames, Cuestel). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - UTAH - Infested most tubers not well-covered with ‘soil in fields at Enterprise and Beryl. Infestations of harvested commercial potatoes in cellars varied from light to moderately severe. (Knowlton). LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza sp.) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread infestation on peppers and tomatoes in Rio Grande Valley. (Griffith). PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - TEXAS - Medium widespread infestation on bell peppers in Ric Grande Valley. No damage where .- control used. (Griffith). - 1027 - A LOOPER - TEXAS - Heavy lucal infestation attacking carrots in Dimmit County. Larvae and pupae on tops. (Richardson). SWEETPOTATO LEAF BEETLE (Typophorus viridicyaneus) - GEORGIA - Larvae did considerable tunneling damage prior to harvest in 6 acres of sweetpotatoes in Worth County, Oct. 12. (Blackwell). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Being found again in some areas of Charleston County. (Livingston). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - TEXAS - Light local infestation on spinach in Zavala County. Untreated spinach being damaged. (Richardson). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Light local infestation on spinach in Zavala County. (Richardson). A WHITEFLY - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to boysenberry plants in Stanislaus County during October. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). A BEETLE (Hoplia sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Damage from medium to heavy to strawberry plants in Santa Barbara County during October. (Cal. Coop. Ins. Rept. ). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ARKANSAS - Tanglefoot traps in Hempstead County for boll weevil collection produced no weevils prior to November 1. From November 1 to 15, 8&2 adults were collected from 2 of 11 traps. (Warren). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) ; ARIZONA - Severe on wild cotton in the Superstition Mountains Novemoer 14. teriz, Coop. Rept. ). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - CALIFORNIA - Serious damage to cotton in parts of Kern County during October. (Cal. Ceop. Ins. Rept. ). - 1022 - Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey - SOUTH CAROLINA - During the first two weeks of November 1954, 200 square yards of surface woods trash were examined from 20 farms in Florence County. These examinations showed live boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis) to be present at various rates per farm ranging from zero to 11,132 per acre. An average of 2, 299 live weevils per acre was found in the 1954 fall examinations. This compares with an average of 3, 533 per acre found in the fall of 1953. Only in two other years (1943 and 1951) were fewer weevils found in the fall examinations since these studies were started in 1942. During the 12-year period examinations made in the fall have disclosed the presence of weevils at average rates ranging from 1, 573 to 10,744 per acre. The average for Florence County for the 12-year period is 4, 355 per acre. Examinations made on six farms in Darlington County showed live boll weevils at various rates per farm ranging from zero to 4, 840 with an average of 2, 097 per acre. These fall examination records bear out late summer field observations which showed that a heavy build-up of the late summer broods of the boll weevil had been largely prevented due to considerable climatic control throughout the season. The following records were made on other insects found in surface woods trash curing the Florence County examinations. Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus godmani) was found in trash collected from 12 farms out of 20 from which collections were made. Counts ranged from 484 to 31,944 per acre with average of 4,921 per acre for the 12 farms. Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) was found in surface woods trash from two farms only, at rates of 484 and 968 per acre. Lady beetles were found in trash from three farms at rates of 484, 484, and 968 per acre. Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctats howardi) was found in trash from two farms at rates of 484 and 968 per acre. No other insects of economic importance were found in the examinations. These trash examinations have been rather unusual in the faunal. populations have been very limited and light. Perhaps this is to be expected as a result of the extreme drought conditions occurring during the summer months. (Walker). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Final tctals show 605 bushels of gin trash inspected from 7 southeast MISSOURI counties with negative results. The season's total in ARKANSAS i029) = is 3, 817 bushels of trash inspected, representing 56 counties, total of 19 pink bollworms found - these originated from 9 counties, 6 in old regulated areas and 3 (Clark, Logan and Yell) outside. The inspection in QKLA, ~ covered 51 counties and pink bollworm was found in 41. In 15 of the 41 counties the pest was found for the first time although the counties were already under regulation. Average for the State shows that the pink bollworm was found at rate of . 409 per bushel this season compared with 2021 in 1953 and .111in 1952. Specimens from the new counties were sent for confirmation, but the results for all the counties have not been received to Nov. 16. Gin trash inspection has been completed for the season in these three states. In west TEXAS, where all tabulations not completed, greater number of counties show increase over 1953 in pink bollworms per bushel. In El Paso Valley, Hudspeth County shows average of 6 pink bollworms per bushel this year compared with 2.50 in 1953 and 25 in 1952. The Juarez Valley, MEXICO, including Villa Ahumada, shows average of 853 pink bollworms per bushel this year compared to 503 in 1953 and 336 in 1952. El Paso County, TEXAS, shows average of 9. 71 per bushel this year compared with 2. 71 in 1953 and 7. 52 in 1952. Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, shows 2.53 this year compared with . 67 in 1953 and .21 in 1952. In both Dona Ana and El Paso Counties inspection still in progress. (PBW Cont. Proj., Nov. =d5); INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIMALS Pests Collected from Deer in Oklahoma: An examination of 120 deer from all parts of Oklahoma during the recent hunting season indicated that only TICKS were present on all deer. Species found in order of prevalence wereIxodes ricinus scapularis, Dermacentor albipictus, and Amblyomma americanum. Small numbers of LOUSE FLIES and MALLOPHAGA were found. (Howell). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Becoming injuriously abundant in herds throughout Utah. (Knowlton). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Continues to annoy householders in Carroll, Baltimore, Prince Georges and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). - 1030 - SPRINGTAILS - TENNESSEE - Large numbers being found locally in eastern area. (Mullett). BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEY BEES - TEXAS - According to the last "Report of Apiary Inspection in Texas", 49,067 colonies were inspected during the year beginning September 1, 1953, and ending August 31, 1954. These bees were distributed through 88 counties, were owned by 773 beekeepers, and 615 colonies or-1. 25 percent were found infected with American foulbrood. Positive samples of parafoulorood were diagnosed brom Brazos and Hunt Counties. A sample of brood affected with a fungus, Aspergillus flavus, was sent in from Hidalgo County. European foulbrood, sacbrood, and Nosema were not important. (Burgin). RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY A living larva of the so-called vine moth, Polychrosis botrana (Schiff. ), (Olethreutidae) was intercepted recently in grapes from France in airplane stores at Boston, Massachusetts. (Crump, Lantz). This insect is considered a very serious enemy of the grape in parts of Europe and Asia. It has been the subject of intensive entomological research in the Old World for over 60 years and much has been written regarding its injury, life history and habits. Injury to the grape is caused by the larvae feeding on the blossoms and the fruit. Losses as high as 25-40 percent of the crop have been reportcd. Observations on its life history indicate the vine moth hibernates in the pupal stage in cracks in the bark of the vines or on the ground. There are usually three generations a year. Moths from overwintering pupae deposit eggs on the flower buds. The first generation larvae feed on the blossom clusters and the young fruit. Larvae of the second generation attack the developing grapes and larvae of the third, the most destructive generation, attack the ripening grapes. In some regions a fourth generation develops. Varieties with heavy foliage and closely bunched grapes are said to be more severely injured. The vine moth is said to occur in France, Spain, Algeria, Italy, Yugoslavia, Transcaucasia, Hungary, Greece, Portugal, Luxembourg, Germany Switzerland, Palestine and Syria. It is not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled by - Plant Quarantine Branch). - 1031 - FOREST, ORNAMENT..L AND SHs.LDE TREE INSECTS ITS BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy widespread infestation causing mortality on pines throughout East Texas. Most serious in area burned by wildfire during summer and fall. Worst damage in Angelina, Jasper, Nacogdoches, Newton, Trinity and San Augustine Counties. (Young). FLORIDA - Average of 15 adults per plant on longleaf pines at Bratt, Escambia County. (Smith). TURPENTINE BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy infestation causing mortality to pines in Nacogdoches and Liberty Counties. (Young). A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Tenuipalpus anoplus) - FLORIDA - Averaging hundreds per tree on mahogany trees at Coral Gables, Dade County. Bronzing leaves. Many roadside trees affected in South Miami. (DeLeon). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS STORED-GRAIN INSECTS - WASHINGTON - Still in small numbers in Palouse area of Washington. High moisture wheat and mild weather are producing very favorable conditions for population increase. Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) are the most common at the present time. (Walker). FEE KK KA RK IK 2K a 2K 2K 2K 2 2K OK 2 KE OK 2K Weather Continued which are still very low in most of South Carolina. The second consecutive warm dry week contributed to the further decline of fall crops in the lower Great Plains and depleted soil moisture in the upper Great Plains and Minnesota to the extent that more rain is now needed before the winter freeze-up. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 1032 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CCNUITIONS - 1954 INDIANA Reported vy J. J. Davis Tne weather for 1954 provided extremes of temperatures and rainfall which had a marked effect on the apundance of many economic species of insects. For example, cool weather in the spring was responsible for armyworm outbreaks, while dry weather later in the season indirectly affected damage by grasshoppers, webworms, and others. Eicld Crop lmsects ARMY WORMS (Pseudaletia unipuncta) were again very abundant. They were exceptionally abundant in 1953 and it is unusual to have armyworm outbreaks two years in succession. The 1954 outbreak can be attributed to cool spring weather, the same as in 19938, which permitted development of the insects but was too cool to permit normal parasite development. First reports were from southern Indiana early in May. At that time, most of the larvae were small. Continuing into June damaging infestations developed throughout the State to the Michigan border. In many rye and wheat fields 00 percent of the heads were cut off. Thousands of acres of pasture were Cleaned of vegetation and it was sometimes difficult to find pasturage for feeder cattle. In many cases, migration from harvested grain fields resulted in heavy infestations in corn. By the middle of June many reports were coming in from northern Indiana and several county agents reported 30 to 50 percent of wheat destroyed. With the more general use of the newer insecticides and adequate ground and aerial equipment for application, at least $3, 000, 000 of crops were saved. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) appeared in unprecedented numbers, especially in southern Indiana, the last half of May and into June. The insects were especially abundant on alfalfa and cecause of their climbing habit they were frequently mistaken for armyworms. By early June, they were migrating into and damaging various adjoining crops. As far as known, this cutworm was more abundant on field crops than during the past forty years. During the latter part of August it was serious on tomato fruits. BLACK CUT WORMS (Agrotis ypsilon) were abundant in low spots in corn fields in many scattered places, but not as severe as in 1953. The latter part of June moths were exceptionally abundant and caused annoyance in homes. GRASSHOPPERS (principally Melanoplus femur-ruorum) began appearing in threatening num»vers last of June. All kinds of vegetation were attacked, especially corn and legumes. The infestation was less in southern Indiana where the heaviest populations occurred in 1953, but northward, especially from Indianapolis north,there occurred very heavy populations, heavier than for 15 or 20 years. Sprays with low pressure ground sprayers and airplanes proved very effective and profitable. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) was abundant in hibernating quarters in eastern and western counties, north of Lafayette, Williamsport, and Richmond, in April. They were migrating into corn the latter part of June. Farmers had advance advice regarding controls and did an excellent job of preventing what otherwise may have been large losses. EF. CORN. BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) wintered over in somewhat larger numbers than the winter before. First moths appeared at Orleans May 23 and at Lafayette June 7. The more or less universal planting of corn after the recommended date prevented heavy infestations. Damage for 1954 will not be serious. SOD WEBWORM (Crambus spp. ) caused. extensive damage to corn in several areas early in June. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) became very destructive to alfalfa in southern Indiana early in August. SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) was abundant in a number of localities the last of May and first of June, but apparently was not doing much damage. ENGLISH.GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was reported abundant in heads of wheat from many places, but no appreciable damage found. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) was common throughout State, especially central area, during June, attacking wheat, corn, and certain vegetable crops. WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) caused much loss toa large field of blue grass grown for seed. FLEA BEETLES (principally Chaetocnema pulicaria and Epitrix cucumeris) were abundant generally on corn and potatoes. Stewart's disease followed infes- tations on corn. - 1034 - Vis'l'CH RRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) heavily infested vetch seed in several south central areas. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias cniledice eurytheme) was abundant in many alfalfa fields. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) was normally abundant in. April and in some localities did noticeable damage. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrircstris) was common, infestations being rather general and in some cases 95 percent of buds showed damage. The infestations occurred largely in northern Indiana and damage was largely to the first crop of clover. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) built up to destructive numbers on alfalfa early in the season (April), ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) was conspicuously abundant at lights at Lafayette June 23. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) began hatching at Lafayette April 9. Cool weather in May kept development low on plants. Adults appeared in southern Indiana last of May, at Lafayette June 3 and were abundant in northern Indiana June 11. In general, more spraying was done and with excellent results. CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) was severe in some fields in northern Indiana, and in isolated fields the crop was completely destroyed. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) were generally abundant and destructive throughout the State. It might be noted that in Davies County soybeans were defoliated in areas where grasshoppers had been abundant the past few years. GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) grubs were abundant in the spring throughout the Southern area, from Indianapolis south, POTATO LEAFHCPPER (Empoasca fabae) has been especially abundant on alfalfa, snap beans and potatoes in the northern half of the state. GREEN CLOVER- WORM (Plathypena scabra) was abundant on soybeans and alfalfa in scattered locations. An annual WHITE GRUB (Cyclocephala sp. ) has been very abundant and destructive to lawns this fall in north- western Indiana. Vegetable Insects SCUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) built up to very large populations throughout the State by late August and early September, and has been responsible for heavy losses, especially in commercial plantings of squash and pumpkins. In Jackson County, for example, 20 percent of the canning pumpkin acreage was disked up because of this insect and another 20 percent was a total loss. - 1030 - RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) was damaging to rhubarb in many cases throughout the state. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tadaci) were very severe on untreated onions. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) caused considerable injury to soybeans in southern Indiana during the latter part of the season. In the truck garden area near Indianapolis, this species caused serious damage to pods and foliage of green beans and was especially sericus adjacent to maturing soybeans. Early in the season, it was a pest of garden beans generally. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) was abundant and injured pods of green beans and rind of squash early in September. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera ) adults first appeared at lights in Posey County May 25. It was a pest of corn over State and in commercial, as well as home plantings of tomatoes, it was a real problem. In tomatoes it became especially serious and many commercial canning tomato plantings were abandoned. Also damaged peppers, beans, and other vegetable crops late in the season. TOMATO HORN WORM (Protoparce sexta) was very abundant, especially in central Indiana, late in the season. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) became a serious pest throughout Indiana, especially over canning tomato area. This mite apparently does not winter over in Indiana. IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM (Pieris rapae) and CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) were serious pests of cabbage and related crops late in the season. Fruit Insects CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) was more abundant and widespread in northern Indiana than for several years. RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) was reported from many areas, although it is not a serious problem. Insects of Shade Trees and Ornamentals COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerablis)' was very abundant in northern Indiana. FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) and PUTNAM SCALE (A. ancylus) were rather common on shade trees in the Indianapolis area. - 1036 - JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) was very destructive to ornamental juniper plantings in many localities. SAWFLIES are becoming major problems on pine plantings. Most serious is the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) which occurs in the northern half of the State and is especially destructive to Christmas tree plantings. N. banksianae was common on Jack pine in the Indianapolis area and N. americanus 7 ’ was common on short leaf pine plantings in southern Indiana. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) was generally abundant in northern area, especially on red pine in Christmas tree and reforestation plantings. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was more generally abundant than for many years. BAGWORMS (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis), which were scarce in 1951 following years of abundance, are again building up to conspicuous and destructive numbers. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) is bec ming an increasingly important pest on Taxus. BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) reported more frequently than usual. This may be partly explained by the unusually dry years of 1953 and 1954. FLAT-HEFADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) was usually destructive. Perhaps a major cause was the dry seasons of 1953 and 1954. Household and Miscellaneous Pests LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia” ‘vanicularis ) was exceptionally abundant around poultry establishments in several sections. AMERICAN DOG TICK(Dermacentor variabilis) was commonly reported during May and June, and severe infestations of BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were reported from a gumber of localities during August and September. CHIGGERS (Eutrombicula alfreddujesi) were abundant in lawns. A damp-wood TERMITE (Zootermopsis anqusticollis) was found in a consignment of lumber at South Bend, shipped from Broadpent, Oregon. Although the damage was not great, T. E. Snyder advises that this termite possibly could become established in Indiana, and might become a serious problem. VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila melanogaster) were a serious problem in tomato canning plants, heavy infestations developing in the field because of the cracking of tomatoes before being picked. - 1037 - CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was again a serious annoying pest in homes, especially during April. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) contimes'as an annoying pest of first importance. BLACK WIDOW SPIDERS (Latrodectus mactans) were reported unusually abundant in several southern localities and HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) were again conspicuous annoyance in homes. SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 NORTH DAKOTA Reported by W. J. Colberg Weather conditions generally favored good crop growth. Moisture was adequate until mid-July. A brief hot and dry period during late July which continued into early August caused considerable crop damage in many areas. Insect problems throughout the State were no threat to crops at any time, consequently, there was little need for control. Cereal and Forage Insects WIRE WORMS which were considered a threat to small grains, potatoes, and corn, especially in the northwestern and northern Red River Valley counties, caused little crop injury. Farmers throughout the infested area did a considerable amount of seed treatment as a protective measure. Potato growers used a strip treatment alone or in combina- tion with fertilizers. Only a few grain fields throughout the area were destroyed oy the pests. WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) continues a major pest of wheat in the northwestern area. Adults appeared just a day or two later than usual. The infestation based upon limited field observations indicates that a slight increase in crop losses can be expected, possibly up to 10 percent. The ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) reached economic status for a short period during mid-July. The infestation was most severe in the Red River Valley counties and in parts of four southwestern counties which had been severely hailed out in mid-June. Over 100, 000 acres of grain were treated by airplane for the control of this pest. In many instances the treatment was unnecessary. Only a few fields in the extreme northeastern counties were severely damaged. - 1036 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was expected to be slightly worse in southeastern counties. Infestation of tassels in early-planted corn was extremely heavy; however, no serious damage to corn occurred. Egg laying which extended over a long period during first and second generation was expected to make the problem more serious. Second generation, however, was of little importance. Losses from corn borer during 1954 are expected to be slightly greater, not in severity but in total dollars lost due to the increased corn acreage. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) caused some concern during early spring. Primary worry was in newly-seeded sweetclover. The infestation of weevils necessitated only a few hundred acres of treatment. LYGUS BUGS were numerous in alfalfa somewhat later than usual with no actual damage reported. GRASSHOPPERS were no problem during the season. A few light to heavy infestations were observed in sweetclover and along road- sides. These areas were in the eastern 1/3 of the State. Melanoplus femur-rubrum dominant species. Fall egg surveys revealed that southeastern and south central North Dakota may have a slight build-up during 1955. Truck Crop Insects COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), which was somewhat difficult to control during 1953, was adequately controlled this past season. The SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT was found in the lighter soils of Walsh County. The infestation included over 6,000 acres of beets. A few fields were completely destroyed, others had yields reduced by 2 to 4 tons per acre. Man and Animal Insects MOS®@UITOES were a real menace to humans and livestock for a short period in July. However, after the initial outbreak, very little difficulty was experienced. FLIES generally were about the same as in past years. Control programs were somewhat more successful. CATTLE LICE during the early winter months were worse than in previous years. Mild weather aggravated the problem. However, spray operators were able to work most of the winter and several thousand head of cattle were sprayed for louse control. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is issued weekly as a service to American Agrli- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa~ tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 4 December 3, 1954 No. 48 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions Status of SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL in Washington. (page 1042). Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 - in Utah. (page 1046). Summary of GYPSY MOTH defoliation during summer of 1954. (page 1053). FRUIT INSECT conditions «1954 - in Yakima Valley, Washington. (page 1054). Survey methods for PLUM CURCULIO. (paye 1055). Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 23, 1954, unless otherwise designated. 2K KK kK Ok KK OK KOK OK KOK KOK OK KKK KK WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK December 1954 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for December calls for temperatures to average above normal in the eastern half of the United States with greatest departures in the Great Lakes region. In the western half of the country below normal temperatures are indicated with coldest weather in the Northwest. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in most of the country except for subnormal amounts in the extreme Southeast, Pacific Northwest, and Rio Grande Valley. This report released by the Weather Bureau on November 30, 1904. Weather forecast given here-is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook," published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price: $4.80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. - 104C - WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 13.4 Last wevk was unseasonably warm west of the Mississippi River and in the Northeast, particularly in the northern Rocky Mountain States where temperatures averaged as much as 15 degrees above normal for the second consecutive week. In contrast the week was abnormally cool in the Southeast where minima fell to 34 degrees as far south as Tallahassee, Fla., on Thursday and Friday. No precipitation ecurred in the lower Great Plains and Southwest, and was very light elsewhere west of the Mississippi River, except along the north Pacific Coast where amounts ranged up to 4 inches in northwestern Washington. Droughty conditions intensified in the western portions of the central and lower Great Plains where strong winds on a few days speeded soil moisture depletion and caused soil erosion in several areas, Precipitation, totaliny over one-half inch in nearly all areas east of the Mississippi River, occurred frequently north of the Ohio River and in the Northeast, and over all of the Hast the last 2 days of the period when moderate to heavy rains in the Southeast greatly improved topsoil moisture conditions in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, although the subsoil remained dry. Considerable snow fell in northern areas during the closing days of the period, covering the ground from -entral Montana to northern Wisconsin, with depths of 3 inches ieported in northeastern North Dakota, and northern portions of Minnesota and Wisconsin. In the East snow accumulations in the Appalachians ranged up to 6 inches or more from western Maryland northward through New York State. Foy was the main weather feature in parts of the far West, especially in California. In the Los Angeles area dense fog, persisting from the 25th through the 28th, hampered transportation and was responsibile ior many accidents. In California's Central Valley fog either prevented or jreatly hampered harvest operations. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). ~ 1041 CEREAL SND FORAGE INSECTS EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae found in corn near Asheville. Light infestation. (Jones). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - PENNSYLVANIA - Serious damaye to wheat in central area. Also reported heavy in barley. (Gesell). KANSAS - Light infestations on wheat plants in a few fields in Thomas, Sheridan, Osborne and Chase Counties. (Matthew). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) - ARIZONA - Has been causing heavy damage to alfalfa seedlinjs in some areas. In- festation has been severe enough to kill two-inch plants at Roll, Mesa, Tucson and at Parker where 200 acres replanted. Infestation reported general in Salt River V alley on alfalfa of all ages. Infestation in Yuma area has declined again. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Total of 65 adults collected in light trap at Stuttgart during week of November 22. (Warren). A SPIDER, MITE (‘Tetranychina apicalis) - FLORIDA - All stages infesting white clover at Gainesville. First report for 1954-55 season. (Zuitert), LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - FLORIDA - Al) stages in lupine at Gainesville. First appearance of season for eggs and larvae. (Kuitert). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - FLORIDA - Infesting corn in Dade County. (Wolfenbarger). (See next page for SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL). PRUE INSECTS A LEAF MINER (Ornix geminatella) - MARYLAND - This unspotted tentiform leaf miner infested apple trecs at Hancock in large numbers tice call, (U.. Md. Ent, Dept. ). SPIDER MITES - LOUISIANA - Large numbers of Tetranychus sp. hibernating under bark of peach trees in Claiborne Parish. (Newsom, Burns). SNeveeUeeDoenesenseone neo doeseeeDeceeeeReeDenes sa 000 DONT +UIO0gEE OG 24 7Pbe tEmTEORDE ta orerLrDErErT oes TPT PErt NOLONIHSVA | ee es ) Z X ee X oe : ( rc a : ' | l 4 2 | pats (ae ss : X | | | | BUN "PGBL UT PeJOSTIOD [IAS3IM TAAOTOJSEMS X i 4 | (Aug) “setjuncD ueuytyM pue aueyods Ul SUCT}BDOT = [EIAASVS }@ JaaoToyeams 07 Aanfut TIAeeM jeotdséy seyo pue Ayun0D UBIU}IUM Ul TeMVMEN WOT} SITTOolLpUurT[Ad ‘S sjaodez ussueyor ‘ejTejsTe pue TeAOTOJIEMS YOO WOT} PeyDeTIOD ‘ozam Aauy ‘Ayunoz) wreay ut ‘AaTTeoS JeaN “A@AOTOJEeMS WOT] USye] s19M STIAVOM ol} ‘AyunOD yueIyH ul ydeoxe seseo [Te ul °Z aaqmuaydag ‘AyunoD eWTYeA Ul opeW sam SUOTIETIOO }SBT oy} pUe ouNL Ajxea ut AyunoD uojusd Ul uaye} otom S}TNPe ysaly out, “(“yseM Jo “atuQ ‘YoxveEH “W Aq poutusezep suowutoels) “euITHeA pue Sey ued ‘ulyuerg ‘seTbnoq ‘ucjueg ‘surepy :SetjuNOd HuTMOT[O} oY} UT STIASeM T@AOTOJSEMS PUNO} Jol Iq pue Arq ‘“PpSG6l Jo gewuins Ayze9 94} Ul payzeys sem Avains Azeutuitjeid @ yoeSUT STY} Jo UOTINGTAISTP ou} autmMIsjep OL, “ZG6T Ut Aynog eueyods ‘Aeuoyz) weou uoyhutysem Woarj poysoded salty SBM (ST[[OOLIpuTpAo BUOI) [IAeM TEAOTOWEMS SUL pG6l - NOLONIHSVM NI AGAMNS TIAGEM BHAOTOLAYMS Ppt ee Ee Eee OR cen ot BS oe FO PT 5 EN ig pS nO ent a em aanneeennenseen - 1043 - LEAFHOPPERS (Empossca spp.) - ARIZONa - Scarring oranges and tanjerines in most areas of Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). THRIPS (prob. Franukliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Damagjin3 mature navel oranges in Salt River Valley by feeding on peel where fruits in contact, (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - ARIZONA - Very abundant on pecans in Phoenix area. Leaves and area under trees cavered with honeydew. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - ARIZONA - Abundant on figs in some areas near Mesa. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TRUCK. CROP INSECTS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - WASHINGTON ~ Moderate numbers in brussels sprouts in Sumner area, (Doucette). THRIPS - ARIZONA - Very abundant on lettuce in some fieldsiin Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). COTTON INSECTS SPIDER MITES - LOUISIANA - All stages active on cotton in Bossier Parish. Hibernating females small percenta,e of total population. (Newsom). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SADDLEBACK CATERPILLAR (Sibine stimulea) - FLORIDA - Severe damage to ixora (Ixora coccinea) at Hollywood. Twelve bushes completely defoliated. (Link). A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus n. sp) - CATIIPORNIA - Found in- festing 9, 600 Cattleya sp. in Marin County during September. Infestation heavy on leaves. (Armitaye). - 1044 - aN BNGRAVER BEETLE (Ips calligraphus)- FLORIDA ~ Killed about 400 5-year old slash nine trees in a tract in Escambia County. (Smith). A PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia prob. frustrana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting young pines in Wake County. (Spink). OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - VIRGINIA - Light vO Severe infestations on oaks at Warwick and Big Island during October. Twigs killed. (Plumb). A SCALE INSECT (Aspidiotus lataniae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting holly in Durham. (Jones). CYCLAMEN MITE (Tarsonemus pallidus) - WASHINGTON ~ In- festations noted on aralia, azalea and African violet in greenhouses in Puget Sound area. (Doucette). SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - WASHINGTON - Infestation on camellias in greenhouses in Seattle arca have caused considerable damage to blooms because of accompanying sooty mold. (Doucette). ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba_ rosa rosae ~ WASHINGTON - Adults numerous on foliage of roses in gardens in Sumner area. (Doucette). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN and ANIMALS TER TICK (Dermace albinic ctus) BaObe ISLAND - four engorce d temale ticks collected on 2 deer on Prudence Island, Portsmouth, October 24 by T. J. Grennan, Jr. (Mathewson). a)-=- STORED-PRODUCTS INSECTS STORED-GRAIN INSECTS - OKLAHOMA - Over half of wheat bins in Grant and Kay Counties infested. Most numerous insects are confused tlour beetle (Tribolium confusum) and flat grain beetle (Laemophloeus pusillus). (Stiles). - 1045 - MISCELL..NEOUS INSECTS OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - ILLINOIS - Collected in wood flooring of dwelling in Granite City. (Petty). SPIDERS - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous reports of infestations in homes from various sections. (Adams). CIGAR CASEBEARER -MARYLAND - Cases with larvae on doors and windows of houses in Cecil County, November 17. Somewhat of a nuisance. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.}. A SOLDIER FLY - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae reported infesting ensilage in Clay County. (Jones). RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS 4T PORTS OF ENTRY _A living larva, identified as a sp. of Olethreutidae, presumably _ Argyroploce leucotreta Meyr., (the false codling moth), was inter- cepted recently in an orange in plane stores from South Africa at Detroit, Michigan. (Gower). This insect has been reported injurious to oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, peaches, guavas, persimmons, avocadoes and other fruits in parts of Southerr: and Central Africa. Walnuts, litchi nuts and cotton bolls have also been attacked. It is known as the false codling moth because of its resemblance in appearance, habits and type of injury to the codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella). However it does not attack apples, pears, or quinces and is said to cause more premature fruit drop than the true codling moth. Annual estimates of damage to the orange crop in various areas varies from 2 to 50 percent. Life history studies on the false codling moth indicate pupation usually occurs on the ground but occasionally in fruit boxes or sacks. Eggs are generally deposited on the fruit but sometimes on leaves or twigs. Larvae burrow into the fruit and feed inside until mature. One larva per fruit is the usual number found. .Six generations a year have been reported in Rhodesia, Living larvae - of this insect have been intercepted on a number of occasions in grape- fruit, oranges and tangerines from the Union of South Africa, Gold Coast and Belyian Congo at various ports. (Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch). OAS SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1994 UTAH Reported by G. F. Knowlton, H. E. Dorst, H. F. Thornley, De We Davis) hay Ve iicbexmany lin Da miseadiles D. M. Rees, L. W. Orr, and County Agricultural Agents. Cereal and Forage Insects GRASSHOPPER outbreaks were severe in many parts of Utah. Range and crop lands were infested over large areas. Dominant Species were Melanoplus mexicanus, Camnula pellucida, Aulocara —— SS Ole Oedaleonotus enigma was one of the dominant species in range areas of Juab, Beaver and Iron Counties. Agenotettix deorum was damaging also in these areas and in the Bryce Canyon-Panguitch area. MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) occurred in widely scattered localities, including 39, 400 acres on range land in San Juan County, and outbreaks in Piute, Sanpete, Millard, Tooele, Juab, Uintah, and Box Elder Counties. Acreage baited (99 percent by aircraft) totaled 65, 000 acres. Total of 175,000 acres were treated for grasshopper and Mormon cricket control, combined. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica damaged a large percentage of alfalfa fields not treated in early spring. LYGUS BUGS (largely Lyqus elisus, L. hesperus, L. shulli) were damaging throughout season over most of Utah, on many crop and range plants. The SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) was found to occur in at least seven counties in Utah. Specimens collected at Wellsville during 1953, may be first records of this pest in Utah. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) and CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) were less injurious in alfalfa than previous season. The PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was generally much less abundant than normal. However, some damaging populations developed in spring and fall on alfalfa, and to ten percent of acreage in the Delta alfalfa seed-growing tract during July. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was rarely in outbreak numbers, but caused local injury to some fields of alfalfa and small grains. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMY WORM (Prodenia praefica) developed to outbreak numbers in alfalfa in several local areas of Cache, Box Elder, Millard, and in lesser abundance in parts of other counties. Southern outbreaks, including those in Millard, Sanpete, - 1047 - and Sevier Counties apparently were P. ornithovjalli, The CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) caused economic damage in alfalfa seed-growing areas. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armijera) caused moderate injury generally to both sweet corn and field corn, occasional fields 50 to 80 percent infested. No EUROPEAN CORN BORERS were found in Utah. SAP BEETLES caused very serious in- festations in much of the sweet corn in southern counties, with injury occurring in home jardens as far north as Utah and Salt Lake Counties. LEAFHOPPERS sometimes became injuriously abundant in alfalfa with Aceratagallia arida_ and occasionally Empoasca filamenta being most abundant. Dikraneura carneola became locally abundant in fall on alfalfa and dryland small grains. TREEHOPPERS (Spissistilus festinus and Publilia modesta) were extremely abundant in some alfalfa fields and orchards especially in Washington and Kane Counties. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) caused serious damage to dryland wheat and barley in Juab, Cache, Box Elder, Tooele, Salt Lake, Utah, San Juan and Washington Counties. Extent of injury varied from one or a few fields in some counties, to several thousand acres severely affected in others. Damage decreased in areas where late June or early July rains reduced drought conditions and brown wheat mite numbers, The MITES, Paratetranychus pratensis damaged corn at Provo and Penthaleus major did local damage in Salt Lake County.’ SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) and WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) were economically injurious in only a few scattered localities. In a few localities limited PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia_) crop injury occurred. Damage from this and other cutworms and from the armyworm to wheat was greatest in parts of Millard, Emery, Carbon, Sanpete and San Juan Counties. Less extensive damage to small grains occurred in several other counties. FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) populations were below normal, in yeneral. GRAIN APHIDS (Macrosiphum granarium, Rhopalosiphum maidis etc.) were generally below normal. Fruit Insects This was a season of below normal APHID populations, except during spring and late fall, when populations of several species sometimes became hiyh. Much less aphid curling of foliage was evident than during 1953. The WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) often required control in apple orchards. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) damage to stone fruits was general and about - 1048 - normal. In two commercial orchards at Holladay, 24 apple trees (about 28 years old) in two adjacent orchards were dying due to a heavy root attack of CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus). Some cherry trees in Davis, Weber and Salt Lake Counties have been killed by these large larval root borers during recent years. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) caused moderate to occasionally severe damage to pear-foliage in a number of counties; however, slug damage to cherries, pears and hawthorns was less extensive than that of 1953. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) caused greater crop damage than during the preceeding two years. Irregularities in moth emergence during the late egg-laying period suggested one reason for the in- creased damage. A LEAF-FOOTED PLANT BUG (Leptoglossus Clypealis) damaged ripening apricots, cherries, apples, raspberries, pears and also blossoming yucca in the most extensive and injurious outbreak to occur in many years. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetrany- chus ulmi) was more widely and commonly damaging, and the TWO- SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus bimaculatus) and CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) often less abundant on apple, pear, peach, cherry and prune foliage than during recent years. PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) injury occurred in Weber, Salt Lake, Utah and Washington Counties. Total mite damage to fruits over the State was below normal, though injury was severe in several areas. Hotetranychus willamettei damayed appie at Holladay and Centerville and cultivated roses at Magna. Tetranychus mcdanieli severely damaging raspberry foliage at Pleasant Grove and Orem during July. STRAWBERRY WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes packardi) was much less abundant than during 1953, generally. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus ovatus and B. rugosostriatus) damage was common while BLACK VINE WEEVIL (B. sulcatus) damage occurred to strawberry, raspberry and other plants in northern counties. Grape leafhopper (Erythroneura elegans, E. ziczac and spp.)damage was moderately severe to foliage of some varieties of grapes in scattered localities, and to Virginia creeper commonly throughout Utah. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) caused no economic damage during 1954, It evidently was controlled by the heavy parasite infesta- tion of 1953 and in spring of 1954. Damage by a SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera lawsoni) was present en from two to ten percent of the grape bunches in some vineyards in the Hurricane area. What appeared - 1049 - :rom larval examination to be yrape berry moth (Polychrosis viteana) infested from five to ninety-five percent of the bunches.of grapes in some vineyards at Hurricane. Currant APHIDS of several species, other than Capitophorus ribis on red currant, generally were below normal in injury and population. CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) attacked black currants generally. Veyetable Insects APHID populations were generally below normal on celery, potato, and on most vegetable crops during the season. Some Aphis gossypii damage occurred to watermelons, cantaloupes, cucumbers and squash. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) population in the desert breeding areas of southern Utah, southern Nevada, southeastern California, southern Arizona and western Arizona in mid-February 1953 averaged 0.005 per square foot in 270 stops made at 10 mile intervals. General distribution of host plants occurred in la percent of the stops; no hosts occurred in 40 percent of the stops. The host plant area was 50 percent less than in 1953 and the leat- hopper population averajed about one tenth as high. Precipitation - that occurred in February and March of 1954 in the southern breeding area germinated additional host plant acreage. A Survey conducted in late March over a part of the territory showed host plants were then present in 30 percent of the stops, an increase of 18 percent. In the local breeding areas of northern Utah, the population in 1954 was 0. 005 per square foot and was one fourth that of 1953. The viruliferous index of the leafhoppers in February and March averaged 3 compared with 14 percent in1903. The migration from the southern breeding area to northern Utah was first detected April 27 and averaged 0.30 per square foot of beet row from Tremonton to Payson and 0.77 from Salina to Joseph. The population in 1953 was similar to 1954 in the tomato growing area. Curly-top on tomatoes in northern Utah averaged about 4 percent with a range between 2 and 13 percent. In central Utah the leafhopper populations on sugar beets averaged 0.77 per square foot and was about sixty percent higher than tin 1953. » The leafhopper population in eastern Utah, averaged about . 79 per square foot on sugar beets, was similar to 1953. - 1050 - TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) infestation in tomatoes in 1954 was so small that insecticidal applications were not warranted. The egg population on tomato leaves during the time of the main fruit set averaged less than 0.01 egg per hundred leaves. CORN EARWORM (H, armigera) infestation on early market corn in northern Utah in July averaged about 10 percent and in canning corn in August and September about 30 percent. In southern Utah the infestation on market corn in September increased to 80 to 90 percent. Damage in all areas confined principally to tip injury. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) reported in only two tomato fields during 1954. A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) was much more abundant in 1954 than in 1953. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis ) damaged canning beans in several counties. POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza_cockerelli) did severe damage to several fields of potatoes in southern Utah. A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) became moderately abundant and sometimes caused foliage-bleach on potatoes and other garden plants. The six- spotted leafhopper generally was less abundant than during the previous season. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus bimaculatus) caused less economic damage to beans than during 1953. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) caused most severe damage to Sugar beet acreage in Sevier County. HORNWORM injury on potatoes and tomatoes generally was approximately ten percent of that of 1952. PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was about normal in numbers. Control was conducted on most canning acreage, except in higher uninfested areas. LYGUS BUGS (particularly Lygqus elisus and L, hesperus) moved from recently-cut alfalfa to damage tomato and potato plants in Davis County, and less seriously in other localities, Blossoms of cucurbits suffered from a SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) feeding in southern counties. ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris asparagi) and C. duodecimpunctata) caused less than normal damage, but the latter beetle now has spread to south of Farmington. A new outbreak of POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) developed in parts of Iron and Washington Counties, This is the first appearance of this pest in Utah for several years. The previous tuberworm out- break in these counties occurred approximately twenty years ago. - 10d) - Insects Affecting Man and Animals CATTLE LICE (Linognathus Vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus, Bovicola bovis) caused serious annoyance throughout Utah. Many thousands of cattle were either dipped or sprayed for lice ccntrol. HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus adventicius) was of common occurrence. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was of more than normal abundance, and troublesome generally. EAR TICK (Qtobius megninijis becoming more generally distributed with annoyance to cattle in several counties. Fly annoyance to livestock was widespread. CATTLE GRUB injury was general and about normal. POULTRY LICE AND MITES were commonly injurious in farm flocks and to a lesser degree were pests in commercial poultry housing. Owing to the prevailing drought, MOSCUITO abundance in Utah was slightly below norma? during 1954. However, high populations of certain species including Culex tarsalis, Aedes dorsalis, and A. vexans were found in irrigated areas. The improper management of water was responsible for the production of numerous broods of mosquitoes in certain areas. Broods were produced with irrigation waste water, irrigation flooding of pastures, from seepage and breaks in irrigation canals, and by flooding on gun Clubs and water fowl areas. Organized mosquito abatement activities were carried on in Box Elder, Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties. Shade Tree Insects GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis) attacked foliage of a large number of cottonwood and other trees along the Virgin River. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (M. disstria) and MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY larvae (Nymphalis antiopa) caused Some damage. BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundana) was severely destructive to boxelder foliage in the Salt Lake-Mill Creek area, and in some other nearby areas. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella zanthomelaena) caused moderate damage to elm foliage in several northern counties. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) was severely damaging through gall production on blue spruce in Ogden Valley, in particular. NOR WAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) was a minor pest, after being extremely abundant during 1953. A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca bipunctata) bleached and discolored elm foliage, and another Species (Opsius stactogalus) attacked tamarix, Sometimes very severely. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivitattus) was a common pest of porlders, attacked some ripening fruits and entered many homes. - 1052 - Pests of Ornamentals: SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) was conspicuously scarce, out an OLEANDER APHID (Aphis lutescens) again was injuriously abundant at St. George. Rose aphids, several species, were commonly injurious in spring, and in some cases during summer and fall. Range Insects Grasshoppers, Mormon cricket, lygus bugs, false chinch bugs, grassbugs, and other common pests again were numerous to damaging on many forage and ovrowse plants on range lands. A THRIPS (Haplothrips distalis) commonly was numerous wherever greasewood was examined. A tiny case-bearing lepidopterous larva Apterona crenulella of the family Psychidae damaged range plants over several thousand acres in Box Elder County. However, damage to sages often was appreciably more serious from a leaf-tying lepidopterous larva. This latter damage was severe in western Box Elder County and appeared in other parts of Utah. Forest Insects BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation in ponderosa pine on the Dixie National Forest and in Bryce Canyon National Park continued very aggressively in 1954. About 9, 000 infested trees were treated this year and there will be a considerable reduction in the number to be treated in 1955. Control work was begun in 1951 and it now appears that the outbreak may be vrought to an end within the next year or two. A localized infestation was also treated on the Fishlake National Forest, east of Beaver, Utah in 1954. A FIR NEEDLEMINER (Epinotia meritana) has caused rather severe damage to white fir in Bryce Canyon National Park during the past 6 or 8 years. Infestation was especially heavy this year and now is present in part of the adjacent Dixie National Forest. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (D. monticolae) appears to be increasing rapidly in Stands of lodgepole pine on the north slope of the Uinta Mountains on the Wasatch National Forest in northeastern Utah after two or three years of relatively light loss. APHIDS (Cinara spp. ) on bark, and needle-infesting aphids generally were velow normal in abundance. - 1053 ~ SUMMARY - GYPSY MOTH DEFOLIATION SUMMER OF 1904 (From aerial survey and ground observations) Number of Acres Defoliated and the Degree of Defoliation Less than State 75-100% 75% Total *Connecticut 5, 143 8,705 13, 848 Maine 163, 545 6, 940 170, 485 *\Viassachusetts 85,165 32, 930 118, 095 New Hampshire Pol 30 24,485 154, O15 New York 1, 385 2,970 10, 355 Rhode Island - - - Vermont 23, 040 1,10 24, 650 Total 436, 308 55, 140 491, 448 * The Connecticut State Entomologist's office conducted the aerial survey in that State ** In Massachusetts Federal personnel made aerial observations for defoliation in Barnstable and Plymouth Counties. The Massachusetts Department of Natural Resources conducted the surveys in the remainder of the State. (Gypsy & Brown-tail Moths Cont. Proj.). -1004- Fruit Insect Conditiui.s Yekima Valle,, Washington, 1954 Reportedbd E. J. Newcomer The yrowiag season of 1954 in the Yakima Valle y was the coolest on record, according to the U. S. Weather Bureau, whose records go back to 1910. Because of this, fruit insects were jenerally less injurious than usual. The CODLING MOTH, in most orchards, injured less than 0.5 percent of the fruit. ORCHARD MITES were easily controlled, and no damage was caused by them, The WOOLLY APPLE APHID was very scarce in orchards where phosphate insecticides were used, but developed to some extent in water sprouts where they were not used. In svch instances, Aphelinus parasitism at the end of the season was as high as 40 percent. ROSY APPLE APHID was not much in evidence, but APPLE APHID became quite numerous in some orchards in July and August. PEAR PSYLLA was guite scarce. Cherry growers sustained very little loss because of the CHERRY FRUIT FLY. The GREEN PEACH APHID was much scarcer than usual last spring, and no reports of injury by the PEACH TWIG BORER were received. The ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH was controlled better than in 1963, as jrowers made more effort to do so. The BERTHA ARMYWORM caused some injury to apricots on low branches hanging in the cover crop, and there was some injury by the pandemis. In October, the WALNUT HUSK FLY was discovered in black and Persian walnuts in the city of Yakima. However, walnuts are not grown commercially in this Valley. SURVEY METHODS Technioue in Jarrin Jarring trees to optein plum curculio adulis is an old and well established practice. It was considered at one time as a valuable supplementary control measure for plum curculio on peaches. Although no longer practiced as a control measure, it is still con- sidered 2 valuable tool particularly in research. Jarring is useful as a means of timing spr2y applications and for locating areas of heavy infestation. It may also be used as a criterion for evaluating effectiveness of spray applications. Equipment and technique for jarring are described in this paper. The method described has been used with satisfa ctory results during 1949 and 1950 in the peach belts in the Arkansas River valley centered around Clarksville and in the southwestern belt near Nashville. The sheet used in experiments in Arkansas i is 4 feet by 7 feet and is attached to 2 light wooden frame. The frame is h an tinged for folding to . Other equipment facilitete transporting from one orchard to er n mall bottle fitted with a includes 2 light rubber covered mallet and slit rubber top for collecting the beetles. The procedure involved in usiz | ieceiag sheet is to hold the Sheet in one hand and to ee ibs « one or two sharp biows with the mallet. No attempt is mede to jar nertire tree. The beeiles are usually collected at the oe of the pores period. If, due to high temperature, the veetles become active, they are captured and counted immediately. The unit of measurement of curculio eee is based on the amount of time spent jarring. In most cases 2 period of 5 minutes is used. If 2 complete record in an area is deatred, four units of 5 minutes each are taken. Usually the limbs on one side of 2 tree are j2rred and the operator then moves on to the next tree. jade fae ie) Li cr md @ Y 8 wy VS The principal disadvantage in using 2 small sheet to jar for 5 minute periods seems to be that it has been customery to think of curculio populations as the number per tree. Since this number is an arbitrary figure and is at best only an approximation, a different unit of expres- Sing density of population should be equally satisfactory. The number i! ea Ss = 5 a am ee es a tne Research paper No. 1021, Journal Series, Univ. of Ark. Published with permission of director of Ark. Agric. Exp Siation. O55)- of limos jarred in 5 minutes by different individuals will un- doubtedly vary somewhat, but this variation should not be nearly so great as the differences between individual trees. In the past jarring records have been on the basis of the number of curculios obtained per tree. This system has numerous disadvantages. The size of trees varies grcatly from one orchard to another because of differences in age and growing conditions. Curculio population varies greatly emong trees of fairly uniform size. This necessitates a large sample to obtain representative date. It is difficult to jar an entire tree especially if itis a large one. Unless considerable labor is available the sheets must be placed on the ground. Uneven terrain and weed growth make this impractical in many orchards. During the summer the temperature is too high in Arkansas for satisfactory jarring during most of the daylight hours. The beetles are more active and many of them fly upon being disturbed More records can be taken during that period of the day when conditions are favorable if thc small sheet is used to jar individual limbs rather than jarring entire trees. Also the small sheet cen be held close to the limbs where the curculios are located. Fewer beetles will fly before hitting a sheet held close to the limbs than one on the ground. Also more beetles can be recovered from the sheet on a rigid frame since they can be removed more quickly from it than from large sheets, Thus jarring can be done with the small sheet when high temperature would make the use of large sheets on the ground impractical. Sheets sufficiently large to cover th. area under a larye peach tree require several persons to hold them. The only alternative is to place them on the ground. In many Arkansas orchards the terrain is too rough to place the sheets on the ground satisfactorily. With the sheets on the ground it is difficult to jar the tree without walking on the sheets. If they are placed on bare ground they soon become soiled making it difficult to locate the curculios on them. The small sheet on a freme eliminates these difficulties. The advantages of considering the number of curculios jarred in a 5-minute period using 2 small shect on a rigid frame as the unit of measurement, may be summarized as follows: Only one person is needed to take the records. More records can be taken in the same time. Difficulties due to variations in tree size, uneveness of terrain, and high temperature are decreased or climinated. (W. D. Wylie). Reprinted December 7, 1351 from Journal of Hconomic Entomology 44: (5): 818 aS % \ via é 4 OR i y He ; i f it, in V A ” 1a ? ‘ny Me Te UNITED su on Aono URE “nisi pn a wn bat _4fi |. 4M A INR Ef \ fy \ ‘ - % : [ Yo | awed A A Teh Ba AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 4 December 10, 1954 No. 49 COCPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions CORN EAR WORM infestation and damage estimate to field corn in Indiana in 1954. (page 1059), A GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus m major) causing damage in some small grain fields’in north central area of Texas. (page 1059). WALNUT HUSK FLY found in northern California for first time. (page 1061). SHEEP BOT FLY taken from eye of boy at Blacksburg, Virginia. (page 1064). . Discovery of WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE and GYPSY MOTH in New Jersey announced. (pages 1065, 1066). Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 - in Delaware (page 1067) and South Dakota (page 1072), FER KEK OK OK KOK KOK KKK KKK KKK Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 3, 1954, unless Jtherwise designated. - 1058 - WEATHER FOR THE NEEK ENDING DECEMBER 6, 1904 East of the Mississippi River last week was unusually cold for the season. The coldest weather occurred in the Southeast on the 4th when freezing was reported in northern Florida and frost in the central interior portions of the State. In the remainder of tne region lowest temperatures were recorded on the 6th when minima fell to subzero levels in many northern sections. Pellston, Mich., reported -10 degrees. The week was also considerably cooler than normal in South Dakota and parts of surrounding states where the ground was snow-covered most of the week, and in central and northern areas west of the Continental Divide. The week was unusually warm in Arizona, New Mexico, and the lower Great Plains until the weekend. On the 4th the maximum temperature reached 89 degrees at Abilene, Texas, and equaled or exceeded 80 degrees in most of the remainder of the State. In Texas and Oklahoma another rainless week intensified the drought Situation, particularly in western Oklahoma and northwestern Texas where the soil moisture was further sapped by soil-blowing winds. Moderate to heavy rains fell in southern Missouri and in Kentucky, Tennessee, and most of the Southeast replenishing soil moisture and water supplies. Showers in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi were too light and scattered to check the increasing drought conditions there. Heavy snow fell during the passage of a storm from the central Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes region at the beginning of the period over a belt from South Dakota and northern Neoraska through southern Minnesota, northern Iowa, and southern Wisconsin. On the night of December 3 a low pressure area off Newfoundland was responsible for up to 5 inches of snow over Cape Cod-and the southern coast of Massachusetts; an inch remained on the ground at the end of the period at Cape Cod. Another storm moving across the Southern States on the 5th and 6th produced 1 to 4 inches of snow from North Carolina to New Jersey, and some heavier amounts in the mountains; most of this snow also remained on the ground at the end of the period. In northern areas snow cover at the end of the period extended from South Dakota and eastern North Dakota eastward through the Great Lakes, except southern Michigan was vare, with depths generally ranging from 1 to 4 inches. Snow also covered northern and central Pennsylvania, western and northern New York State and northern New England, with extreme depths of about a foot in northern New England. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). ; GeekIOeD = CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS A GRAIN MITE(Penthalews major) - TEXAS - Lignt to heavy local infestation on wheat, oats and »arley in Denton County. Some fields in north central area, especially’ north of Dallas and Fort worth, show considerable damage. (Chada). ‘ Medium to heavy widespread infestation in Refugio County. (Bredthauer). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (MyzZocallis trifolii) - CALIFORNIA - Found on alfalfa at Newberry in San Bernardino County. Nearest previously reported infestation at Nuevo, Riverside County, 75 miles distance. (Armitage). Corn Earworm Infestation ang Damage Estimate to Field Corn in Indiana - 1954 The corn earworm normally does not overwinter in Indiana north of the Ohio River. However, mild winters ana autumns have made it possitle for an increasing number to overwinter farther north the past two seasons. A high winter survival coupled with prolonged warm weather during the fall months are two factors which lea to heavy infestations and severe damage to dent corn during the past season. Summary of infestations and estimated loss* to field corn due to corn earworm in Indiana in 1954 is as follows: Percent infested 70, percent loss 3. 4, loss ou. /a. 2.0, loss total sushels 8, 984,974, loss estimate $10, 332, 720. The map (see next page) compares the infestation and damage in 20 Fepresentative counties surveyed. (Wilson, Schuder, Gould, Everly). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - FLORIDA - Averaging 3 larvae per square foot of lupine near Leesburg. Thirty percent reduction in stand of eighty acres. Det. L. C. Kuitert. (Helms). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Na sgreenvugs in 29 counties surveyed in north central, central and south Texas. (Chada). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - Some damage to 240 acres of grasses near Davie. (Link). * State losses computed from yield estimates supplied sy USDA Statisticians. Estimated average yield 53.0 dushels. ceteeeecneeceeersncaeenecseuenancanecactacwpemescucntaraanasessecseccneneccsessscsatsetccy cn tcticicttssan SURES aaa aee tae es te tatsaeeneersccctenctncnasavaneusenersstuarssemtennencene=s —:: —s- —-: ee amie = N. Peesaay cs « : | : 7 5 eph | 1 Uh Ser a oe | (cam | l | Soil San eee 3 J Allen | 3 l | 37-1 : —{ 386k | ‘Hunt. Fae =) ace ea ee 4 aera | jDecatu#73-i 30k | "84-4: ,\ 0 See (35k 4: 2) A bl | Corn Farworm Infestation and amage in Indiana 1954 ‘ i - indicates % ears infes ted | k - indicates average nc. | kernels destroyed per infested ear Decimal inuicates % loss to corn crop. : - 1061 - SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on grasses in Burleson County. (Burke, Sanchus). PRUETT INSECTS Walnut Huskfly Recorded in Northern California: Recently an in- festation of walnut huskfly (Rhagoletis completa) has been reported in Sonoma County. This is the first record of the occurrence of this important Persian walnut pest in northern California. For many years it has been of such abundance in southern counties as to require extensive and expensive remedial measures. The present finding comes at a time when the walnut industry is moving its headquarters to the novthern part of the State, production being practically crowded Out in the south by residential subdivisions. Whereas 80 percent of the producinz acrea ;e used to be in southern California, it is now in the north and the Walnut Growers Exchan‘e is in the process of movin ; their entire processiny plant facilities from Los Anjeles to Stockton. The reported infestation in Sonoma County was found too late to make an adequate survey this season to determine just how widely it miyht be distributed. This will be undertaken at the proper time this coming season. However, conditions as reported are such that we are afraid that it may be widespread in that particular area. (Armitage). SPIDER MITES (prob. Paratetranychus yothersi) - FLORIDA - Average of 1-4 per leaf on avocados in scattered infestations in Dade County. (Moser). SNOWY TREE CRICKET (OQecanthus niveus) - TEXAS - Evidence of heavy esy deposition in twigs of peach trees in local area of Erath County. (Denman). OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - TEXAS - Heavy wide- spread infestation on pecan trees near Menard. Killing trees. (King). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Had heavy local infestation on pecan trees in Harris County. (Davis). - 1062 - CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - TEXAS - Lijht to medium local infestation on pecan trees in Harris County. (Randolph). ‘ WEEVIL (Madarellus undulatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Found boring in stems of apples Sept. 24 in an orchard in Berks County causing fruit to drop prematurely. Only McIntosh variety affected. Det. by S. W. Frost. (Menusan). sir Correction: Vol. 4, No. 48, p. 1041, under A LEAF MINER should read Callisto geminatella. TRUCK CROP INSECTS BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on spinach in Dimmit County. The virus disease of Spinach thought to be carried by beet leafhopper, though obvious in several fields, not severe yet. (Richardson). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation on spinach in Dimmit County. Seedling spinach is being attacked, serious potential damage if insect increases. (Richardson). CABBAGEWORMS - FLORIDA - Twenty-six cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia ni) collected from 200 plants in each of 10 fields at Sanford, Seminole County, Nov. 29, and 2 imported cabbageworms (Pieris rapae) collected on 200 plants in each of 10 fields Nov. 28. No cabbage webworm or diamondoack moth noted. (Wilson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Only light populations at Charleston Nov. 24. (Cuthbert). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on turnips in Brazos County. (Little). FLORIDA - Appearing on turnips in Gadsden County but no damage yet. (May). SOUTH CAROLINA - Very abundant on turnips at Clemson around Nov. 2a. (Eleazer). Generally light in cabbage plant beds and in turnip plantings in Charleston area, Nov. 24. (Cuthbert). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on fall grown crucifers in Norfolk area. (Morris, Nov. 20). FLORIDA - Infesting 1.75 percent of 200 cabbage plants in each of 10 fields at Sanford, Nov. 24. By Nov. 29, 46 percent infested. (Wilson). - 1063 - FALL ARMYWORM and CORN EARWORM - FLORIDA - Infesting bell pepper at Immokalee, Collier County. About 10 percent of plants had corn earworm infested fruits in one 30-acre field. (Kelsheimer). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - SCUTH CAROLINA - Adults and larvae causing slight damage to tops of turnips in Charleston area Nov. 24. (Cuthbert). CUT WORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate injury on young spinach in Charleston area, Nov. 24. (Cuthbert). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL and SHADE TREE INSECTS FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Females abundant and laying eggs in northeastern area, November 24. (Gesell). PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA - On-5 percent of red pines and 1 percent of Scotch pines in a Christmas tree plantation in Clearfield County. (Adams). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus bimaculatus) - PENNSYLVANIA -'Causing serious injury on chrysanthemums in greenhouse in Erie County. (Adams). CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE (Diarthronomyia hypogaea) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation in a greenhouse in Centre County. (Adams). COTTON INSECTS A SCUTELLERID (Sphyrocoris' sp.) - ARIZONA - . Reported very numerous on open bolls of wild cotton (Gossypium thurberi) in Superstition Mountains, Maricopa County, Oct. 24, and Nov. 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). - 1064 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN and ANIMALS WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Great numbers engorged on horses in Pushmataha County. Many horses almost covered. (Goin). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - VIRGINIA - Specimens from Dinwiddie County. (Morris, Nov. 26). SHEEP BOT FLY (Qestms ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found in the eye of a 6 year old boy in Blacksburg area in early October, All larvae coula be removed from the eye. Determination by W. W. Wirth. (Morris). STORED-PRODUCTS INSECTS A RICE MOTH (Coreyra cephalonica) - TEXAS - Medium local in- festation stored grain sorghum in Calhoun County. (Cooke). MISCELLANEOUS OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Completely destroyed some pine boards in a house in Charlottesville. (Plumt). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - VIRGINIA - Continuing to cause concern in dwellings in some areas. (Morris, Nov. 26). UTAH - Continues to cause annoyance in homes, offices, and school rooms. (Knowlton). A STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - VIRGINIA - Found in a house at Gloucester Court House in early November and in a house in Richmond since that time. (Matheny). A GELECHID (Dichomeris rustica) - FLORIDA - Average 100 larvae per plant on hairy indigo at Range Cattle Station, Hardee County, in So ptemper. Det. J. F. G. Clarke, H. w. Capps. (Hodges): - 1065 - White-Fringed Beetle and Gypsy Moth Fcund in New Jersey The following announcement, dated December 3, 1954, has been released by F. A. Soraci, Chief, Bureau of Entomology, New Jersey Department of Agriculture. "To the Plant Pest Officials of the Forty-eight States: Please be advised that infestations of two economically important insects have been discovered in New Jersey recently. During the past summer a Sweet potato grower on the outskirts of Vineland, New Jersey, on the northern edge of Cumberland County discovered insect trouble in a field of sweet potatoes, , At digging time (about October 1) the potatoes were so badly tunneled that they were considered by the farmer to be unmarketable. Therefore, he didn't even attempt to dig the crop from that field. The farmer asked his county agent for advice and the agent did submit specimens to the Agricultural Extension Service which in turn forwarded them to the Insect Identification and Parasite Intro- duction Section of the Agricultural Research Service. We were informed on November 19 by Doctor Popham that the insect had been determined as WNhite-Fringed Beetle, Graphognathus leucoloma and since that time it has been determined that the specimens are of the race imitator, apparently of North Carolina origin. Technicians from the federal White-Fringed Beetle Project have been and are assisting this Department in determining the location and extent of infestation. The federal project is also studying the life history and habits of the insect in this northermost outbreak and a quarantine inspector who has worked in and around this community for some 20 years is currently studying regulatory needs. This Department will be anxious to take eradicative measures against the infestation. There is every indication that such measures are available and applicable. Concurrently in collaboration with the federal White-Fringed Beetle Project we will take any regulatory measures advisable for protection of the New Jersey farms in and around the present outbreak and for those areas in the remainder of this and other States. Likelihood of spread by man is small at this time of year and we are hopeful that the infestation might be considerably reduced, if not eradicated, by the time there is more likelihood of hazardous movement, in the spring and summer of 1955. We shall do everything possible to inform your State and other States as we progress with this problem. (continued on next page) - 1066 - On November 22 an egg mass of Gypsy Moth was discovered in the northermest tip of the State, within one-half mile of Port Jervis, New York. This area is currently being scouted and the neighboring States of Pennsylvania ana New York are also planning to scout in the vicinity to delimit the area of infestation. When the area in New Jersey has been delimited, we shall put down quarantine measures anda we shall also plan to eradicate the outbreak as quickly as possible. Again, as the work progresses and regulatory measures are taken, please be sure that you will be notified." 26K OK OK OK OK OK KK OK OK OK OK KOK KOK KOK KK KK RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY The living larva of a curculionid, Palaeopus costicollis Marshall, was intercepted recently in ginger root for propagation in the mails from Jamaica at Washington, D. C. (Gouldman ). This insect has been reported injurious to yams (Dioscorea sp. ) in Jamaica. Injury is caused by the larvae tunnelling in the roots. It has been intrcepted a numoer of times at various ports in yams from Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Antigua, St. Vincent, Honduras, British Guiana and Venezuela. Six adults of a curculionid, Tychius prob. flavicollis Steph. , were intercepted with Lotus sp. seed for propagation in the mails from Turkey also at Washington, D. C. (Gouldman). This weevil has been reported attacking the seed pods of Melilotus sp. in Germany. It is said to occur in parts of Europe, Algeria and Syria. Neither of these two insects is known to occur in the United States. (Compiled by - Plant Cuarantine Branch). - 1067 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 DELAWARE Reported D9, H. E. Milliron Corn Insects EUROPEAN CORN BORER (P;rausta nubilalis) nupation in Sussex County from 0-50 percent by April 12 with first adults emerging avout third week, and egg-masses common on volunteer corn Dy first week in May. Damage to early sweet corn jenerally heavy in Sussex County in June. Whorls of field corn trom Smyrna southward injured in late June and early July. However. losses during season much elow preceding year. Fall survey revealed 2 State-averaye of only 30 borers per 100 Stalks, or more than 30 percent fewer than in 1958; heaviest population and damage occurred in sovthern and western Sussex County. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armijera) tassel damage was prevalent from Smyrna southward, beginning about mid-June. Heavy ear infestations in sweet corn throughout July and August in southern area. In general, pest Somewhat less abundant than preceding season. A CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) adult activity beyan about July 1 in Sussex County. During remainder of season ear and tassel infestations were found generally, but most frequently throuyhout southern half of State, Especially in sweet corn. Economic importance of this species has increased annually during past several years. GRASS THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) occurred abundantly in mid-June in Kent and northern Sussex Counties, causing a pronounced silvery sheen on the lower leaves, SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) caused Severe losses in late May in Kent and Sussex Counties, necessitating extensive replanting. Adults were exceedingly numerous in weedy mar jins of infested fields and in cereals. Light BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) damage was encountered at many locations in Sussex County be- tween May 7 - 20. CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) was very abundant in lighter Soils, causing considerable damaye in June. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) during May and June was numerous everywhere and at places in Sussex County again in August. A heavy incidence of bacterial wilt in sweet corn plantings was noted jenerally, CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) first noted in mid-July, caused widespread injury to tassels and upper leaves in Kent and Sussex Counties. Damage was most severe in past several years. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda)caused serious ~ 1068 - Jamage to whorls and tassels of late corn in -\u,ust from Townsend southward. Much loss of ears of field corn was noted in September. The dejree and extent of injury jreatly exceeded that of 1953, oeing about comparable to that of 1950, Alfalfa_and Clover. Insects ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) became active early in March, and by mid-April had inflicted severe injury to first-yrowth alfalfa throughout State; in many instances total loss resulted. Considerable effort was devoted to control operations in Kent County. At some places where satisfactory control was not obtained second growth was greatly retarded. The weevil was tne most destructive since its discovery in 1952. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - Very heavy spring infestations. occurred generally on alfalfa and clovers, and persisted until the latter part of Avril, when a fungus disease became effective in reducing ~ populations 15 or more percent. However, severe damage to the first crop was the most consipicuous since 1952, POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was much less abundant than in 1953; no serious effects noted anywhere. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was about normal in abundance, except in a few localized areas. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) hatch began in early April and spittle masses were numerous yenerally in May, but not unusually so. Losses lar jely confined to southern Kent and Sussex Counties. ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) was less abundant than in 1953. Known distribution remained as given the previous season. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) heavily injured young stands of red clover during April in the southern half of the State. In general, however, it was somewhat less serious than in 1953, LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nijrirostris) was responsible for a serious reduction of red clover bloom jenerally. CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis oakeri) was very prevalent on red clover in Kent County in April; no perceptible injury was noted. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) was present in injurious numbers in Sussex County in August. Heretofore, not recorded as an economic pest in the State. Unusually large numbers of MEADOW PLANT BUG (Miris dolabratus) were encountered in red clover and clover-grass mixtures at many places in Kent and Sussex Counties. - 1069 - Veyetable Insects MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was less abundant and destructive generally than for several yrs. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) became very numerous in Sussex County, in late July and August, causing considerable retardation. GREEN CLOVERWORM infested lima beans in the southern area in about usual numbers. Some control necessary in Kent County. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus bimaculatus) infestations‘were moderate on snap beans from Frederica to Bridgeville in July, and on lima beans at Blackbird. Many lima bean plantings severely infested with STRAWBERRY SPIDER ‘MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) in late July and Avgust from Felton southward, resulting in much foliage damage. IMPORTED CABBAGE - WORM (Pieris rap2e) was abundant Jenerally, but not unusually destructive anywhere. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) caused much injury to crucifers generally, and severe damase in extensive Seedling beds of late cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower in the Dover - Milton areas, CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae} was more prevalent than usual on all crucifers throughout the season. An INTRODUCED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta Cruciferae) caused severe injury to radish, kale and cabbage from Townsend southward to Georgetown, and later to cauliflower at many locations. HORNED SCUASH BUG and SQUASH BUG (Anasa armijera and A. tristis) - The former, more abundant, Was a pest On cucumbers and Squash throughout Sussex County; the latter was numerous on pumpkins and Squash at some places but not especially destructive, SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) was generally less injurious than in 19 038. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) was a pest primarily on untreated potatoes in home gardens, Population on commercial] plantings generally somewhat below Preceding season. Tomatoes Suffered severe destruction from COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) particularly in Kent and Sussex Counties in July and August. Small, neglected Plantings of potatoes and eggplant also heavily attacked, TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici)occurred in same locations as reported in 1953, but infestations confined to Smaller areas and damage lighter. TOBACCO and TOMATO HORNWORMS (Protoparce sexta and P, quinquemaculata) - The former generally present on tomatoes, but less numerous and injurious than in 1953. The latter species caused some defoliation on Primehook Neck, the first record as a pest in the State since 1950: - 1070 - POTATO LEAFHOPPER was present in conspicuous numbers on limas from Dover southward in June and July. Injurious populations developed on snap beans, and particularly on blackeyed peas in the vicinities of Georgetown and Bridjeville. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp. ) partially defoliated lima beans and tomatoes at several places in Kent and Sussex Counties; about normal numbers. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults were very prevalent on all types of beans in May and June throughout southern half of State. ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata) were normally abundant in April and May; the former made control necessary in numerous plantings in Kent and Sussex Counties. FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici)severely damaged potatoes in the Smyrna - Leipsic and Milton areas, and attacked other vegetable crops, such as peans and seedling crucifers. Pest more destructive than at any time during the past several years. SWEET-POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) caused heavy damage to youn; dlantings in Sussex County. GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) occurred commonly on potatoes and tomatoes, but injury light in most cases. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - Two females captured in mid-summer at Newark. This is a new State record. SPOTTED and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and Acalymma vittata) - The first species was less abundant and troublesome generally than in 1953; the second was present in about the usual numbers. soybean Pests Severe infestations of STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE at numerous places in Sussex County were responsible for heavy leaf-droppage and yellowing of the foliage. BEAN LEAF BEETLE defoliated new plant- ings near Farmington in June. GREEN CLOVERWORM was a very active foliaye feeder throughout State. Moderately heavy injury reported in Milford - Primehook Neck area in August. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) present generally throughout season in about normal numbers. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) caused usual amount of damage at some locations in Sussex County, but was less abundant elsewhere than preceding season. ~ 1071 - Fruit Pests PLUM CURCULIO (Conetrachelus nenuphar) damaye to peaches less than in past several years. CODLING MOTH (Carpovapsa pomonella) first and second broods were about normal, out a third brood was troublesome during August - September in certain avple plantings in Kent County. APPLE and ROSY APPLE APHIDS (Aphis pomi and #nuraphis roseus) - The usual population of both species was present - until the first week of June when a state-wide outbreak occurred, which warranted control in several orchards. KUROPEAN RED and TWO- SPOTTED SPIDER MITES (Metatetranychus ulmi, and Tetranychus bimaculatus) increased on apples and peaches during June, July and August, out were not as numerous or as injurious as in preceding season. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) and ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) presented no problems except that larvae of latter species were common in apples in a Fent County orchard in late September, Ornamental Forest and Shade Tree Insects MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadanla albizziae) was nct more abundant or destructive on mimosa trees than in 19538, and rauch less so than in 1950-52. During the past few years, apparently this pest has shown an increasing preference for honey locust, which suffered a severe attack this season. A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) infested forsythia at Bridceville in July; previously, known only from Seaford. Several heavy infestations of SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) found from Smyrna southward to Bridgeville, all associated with dead or dying elms, some of which had been attacked in previous seasons. The distridution of the pest is now regarded as state-wide. An ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) caused conspicuous damage to numerous oaks in New Castle and Kent Counties in July. YELLOW -NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana_ Ministra) defoliated basswood in the area north of Dover. WO OLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) was common on American elm in June. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena)was very abundant and destructive on elms over entire State, especially southern half. Very little control was attempted. JAPANESE BEETLE generally less common than in 1953. Most severe dam aye to elms from Dover southward. SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - The usual heavy infestation throughout the State was apparent. - 1072 - BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformi;) damage was less than in 19°%3, and confined largely to black locust, sycamore and various conifers. WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostiyma) was somewhat more abundant than in recent previous years, causing only light defdiation. Found commonly on sycamores at several places in the vicinity of Smyrna. A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion americanus americanus) was especially destructive on red pine in the Redden State Forest, and elsewhere. WEBWORMS (Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanojrammos) - Severe state-wide outbreaks of both Species occurred on sweet gum, producing a scorched appearance. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was normally abundant. SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1954 SOUTH DAKOTA Reported by J. Lofgren Field Crop Insects The first ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unifuncta) infestations were reported July ©. In the followiny 3 or 4 weeks economic infestations were found in 29 counties. Most dama~e was to oats with some injury to barley, wheat, corn, and flax. By end of July damaje subsided with larvae pupating. Moths were numerous durin: Aujust but no outbreaks fol- lowed. Losses from armyworms was estimated at approximately $120, 000 and approximately 13, 000 acres were treated for armyworm control. BLACK CUTWORMS (Agrotis ypsilon) caused severe damage to a few late-planted corn fields in low areas in southeast counties. The EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) early spring Surveys indicated a winter survival of approximately 80 percent. Egg layinj conditions were favorable and yenerally heavy first brood infestations developed. Ejgs hatched duriny first part of July and shot hole injury was generally evident by July 10. Pupation started first of Auyust and reached 50 percent in southeast counties by Aust 14, Some eyjs were hatched by mid-August. The second brood did not develop as severely as anticipated except in southeast counties and 2 Small area in the northeastern part of State. Fall survey indicates avera e of 402.1 borers per 100 plants for counties surveyed. Hiyhest averaye infestation was 1,125 borers per 100 plants in Yankton Caunty. - 1073 - GRASSHOPPERS - By first week in June a good hatch of Melanoplus bivittatus had occurred. M, mexicanus eygs were starting to hatch by June *. Weather up until this time had been cool and unfavorable for egg development. After hatch Started, however, weather conditions in most areas were very favorable for jrasshopper development. This plus other factors resulted in a general state--wide build up of in- festations. By end of July there were economic infestations in crop land areas in central and some western counties and local scattered livht to severe infestations in le jJumes and field margins in eastern counties. In addition a range infestation, mainly Camnula pellucida, developed in a small aréa in the Black Hills. Conditions were generally favorable for egg deposition. The egg survey confirmed adult survey ratings in most cases. In some small areas ejg survey indicated lower ratings than those of adult survey. Losses due to yrasshoppers in 1954 were approximutely $470, 000 and there were approximately 31, 000 acres treated for srasshopper control. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) incidence was very high in 1954. In some fields practically 100 percent of the ears were infested. Lesume Insects ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) infestations were not as heavy as in 1953. Larvae were generally present in western counties by first week of June with injury evident in untreated fields. Acreage of alfalfa receiving early Spriny treatment for adult control increased Jreatly over 1953. This vest is present in economic numbers as far east as Cottonwood in Jackson County, south to the southern edye of Fall River County and north well into Butte County. BLISTER BEETLES caused some local injury to alfalfa in most Sections of the State. Most prevalent Species was Epicauta pennsylvanica. LEAFHOPPERS - Clover leafhoppers were abundant in alfalfa*throughcut State. Potato leafhoppers were first taken May 27 in southern counties. Most severe injury was observed in western counties where drought combined with leafhoppers to seriously reduce the second hay crop. There were high populations of PEA APHIDS (Macrosiphum pisi) in alfalfa up until mid-July. Infestations decreased with hot, dry weather. Aphids were not numerous enough in 1954 to cause noticeable injury to alfalfa. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) was not as humerous in 1954 as in previous years. ‘There was some early season damage to sweet clover seedlings in eastern counties. - 1074 - FLEA BEETLES ~- Most severe damaye to second growth alfalfa was occasioned by the striped flea beetle in southwestern South Dakota. Avera e populations of 8 per sweep in some fields. Soybeans, especially late planted fields, were injured by GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) in southeast counties. Some alfalfa was infested put no serious injury reported. Moths were very abundant throughout eastern counties about July 25. LYGUS BUGS were not as abundant as in previous years. Highest averaye infestations observed were about 7 per sweep. First nymphs were obtained by first of June. ALFALFA PLANT BUGS were generally less numerous than Lygus except in local areas. Vegetable Crop Pests The usual arden insects were present in damaving numbers in 1954. Aphids, striped cucumber beetles, flea beetles, imported cabbageworms, cabba ye loopers, European corn borers and corn earworms were the most troublesome. Pests of Shade Trees and Ornamentals SPIDER MITES were very damaging throughout the state on many dif- ferent hosts. Evergreens, mainly spruce and junipers, were sometimes © damaged severely. SPRING CANKERWORMS defoliated trees,. mainly American elm and apple, in several sections. Most severe damaye was alony the Missouri River in southeast counties and alony creeks in western counties. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) infestations were very troublesome especially on spruce. Insects of Man and Animals MOSQUITOES and BLACK FLIES were very troublesome early in the spring but annoyance decreased rapidly with warm dry weather in most sections. CATTLE LOUSE infestations built up rapidly in October and many untreated herds became heavily infested. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) and STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) numbers were about average duriny the summer. Stable flies decreased during the hot dry summer weather. HOUSE FLIES were more troublesome than usual especially late in the season. There is evidence of in- creasing incidence of resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti- cides in many areas. - 1075 - Fruit Pests APPLE MAGGOT (Rha yoletis pomonella) was, in most areas, the most important fruit pest. The fruit from many small home cr farm orchards was almost 100 percent infested. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was present in about normal numbers. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) infestations are heavy On many untreated trees. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) damage to apples is usually severe in South Dakota and ‘these pests were generally injurious in 1954. PLUM GOUGER (Anthonomus scutellaris) was one of the most important pests of plum during the year and a hijh incidence of PLUM TREE BORERS was evident. Stored Grain Pests There is evidently an increase in GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) infestations in some counties, especially in central and western areas. Much old grain stored on farms is infested with Indian meal moth, cadelle, and various"branbugs" mainly saw-tooth beetles, flat grain beetles, hairy fungus beetles and foreijn grain beetles. There have been many inquiries from housewives about the control of flour beetles, mainly ‘Lribolium confusum, in home stored foods. aa rer faba AS ca Ge DONC Oa AY heiress eet era a | tue Omari ih oarigpe poli Be SB eran alin si Hear andi | ‘oui Wes iat via iat ola enn Ning re DLS ceed dao Sia his A anh alae Rae OTe aver ener | Le eo 1s 054, RP TR PRE eh Soa eay ~ Se eb Ne cpoannt {aatnced) ie one eee ‘ i tome Ga | grasa Whar MOL to aangbiee aya fe wy wa ty peere! ' YY , 4 : es it bat (% ie tae “tthe Birpraer. oy sa TEN renin Oe Ret ude to sty Roe ee maT sates SIE: ob : ‘ibe Setar 2) cxrial os : fave aaleboreeebe ee. © ive tne Ti mite HLS Me wStGe Hae Saloe Tae 78 Rae ig’tax: Ba APR ana) pte Sa e4 Rotale Siro it (ara tiie alba A - f Ay éh\us 4 ‘ es : i ¥ ’ va 7% ; et ioe ’ hag} Fr ; i 1 ih Vi ey. ¥ ( ela | : v , i je? 4 . 4 : Ly Th £4 F = ‘ é Rice. ya Aa) ee TMENT OF AGRICULT ° , 967, » Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri) 176 198, 555, B75, 686, 968, 1697 Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) 254, 387, 1115 Click beetles 667 Clay-backed culwory we rotis gladiaria) 160, 340, 394 Clothes mots 95, > 738 lover aphid Anuraphis bakeri) 326, 400, 596, B08, 762, 863, 882, 1068, 110 Clover casebearer 785 Clover head caterpillar (Grapholitha interstinctana) 653 Clover baywort (Hypsopygia costalis) 3 Clover bead weevil (Tychius stephensi) 53 Clover leafhopper (Aceratagallia sanquinolenta) ash 288, 62, 3, 10é8 Clover leaf weevil (H ee unctata) 55, 12, 135; ozs 293, 230, 232, 243, 251, 268, 288, 308, 325, 340, 347, 372, 400, 426, 979, 1034, 1046, ee j Clover mite eT ao eee 17 13, 31, 51, 6 it , 184, ) 195, 520, 226, 239, "261, 275, 280, 301; 318, 319, 339, 364, 389, 524) 616, 855, 864, 942, 961, 1013, 1037, 1048, 1100, 1106 Clover root borer (Hylastinus obscurus) 3, 368, 3 653, 713, 736, 948, 1034, pos Or ox OH 2 1102 Clover root curculio (Sitona hispidula) 163, 230, Cc 71, 597, 627, 653, 785, 104 Clover seed en (mens haqus qibbus 95 BOB 207 (ish One, Oe Clover seed aie ’(Dasyneura legqumini- cola) 67 Clover weevils 67, eh 90, 326, 347, 506, 704, Cluster fly (Pollenla rudis) 184 Cockroaches 95, Coconut mealybug (pseudecsecte ae, Coconut oa aS (Aspidiotus destructor) Codling roth cs eee A Fis, fe, 202 215 291, 975, 979, 998, 1013, 1045, 1048, 1054, 4071, 1075, 1087, 1103, 1104, 11157 Collembola 333 Colorado potato beetle 7 tinotarsa decemlineata) 1 p 165, 88, 209, 258, 277, 296, 314, 3 0, 355, 379, 390, 409; aL 139) 441; 459, 484) 513, 541, 587, 603, 633, 661, 675, 720, 741, 770, 792, 811, 978, 1038, 1069, eoosuice poree (Papaipema purpuri Common cattle ub vs oderma lineatum aa cis eee Teets ta) 482, 531, Conenose bugs (Triatoma spp.) 493, [hans Confused flour beetle foriboiun con- : fusum) 131 74, toad,” 1100, 1118 Cooley spruce gall Peo (Chermes Cooperativ ave survey entomologists list Corn billbugs (Calendra spp.) 162, 346 473 ? 2 ? 7 Corn blotch leaf miner (Agromyza arvicornis) 502, Bat Corn oe Heliothis armigera) ae 70, ar a ee. 89, 2° 95, 134, 160, 166 82, 183 971, 975, 977, 986, 100 , 1010, 1012, 1013, 1026, 1035, 1047, 1050, 1060, 1063, 1067, 1087, 1101, 1111. 1113; 1115, 1121’ Corn flea beetle (Chaeto¢nema pulicaria) 72, 16 , 304, 346, 3170, 304, 423, 440, 473, 501, 569, 624, 733; 760, 784, 913, 932, 978, 1001, 1087,1101 Corn a ae (Rhop: osiphum maidis) 1 3 347, 375, 397, 502, 532, 568, ” 595, 683, 709, 733, 759, 783, 820, 827, 845, 862, 876, 881, 1013, 1067, 1079, 1088, 1106, 1114 Corn root aphid (Anuraphis maidi-radi- cis) 473, 651, 1087 Corn root webworm (Crambus caligi- nosellus) 162, Corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) 56, 162, 341, 595, 652, 683, 710, 734, 760, 839 Corn “ter 89, 134, 162, 777, 1 Cotton eal Aphi SS 86, ot 389 a15, 337, 412, eee’ Be 960, Cotton fleshopper (Psallus seriatus) 30, 171, 316, 338, 341, 385, 390, 413, 437, 465, 488, 522, 549, 582, 609, 640, 667, 698, 726, 746, 773, 816, 1117 Cotton leaf’ perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella) 2 », 852, 871, 889, 954) 972; 102' Cotton leafworm (aistena argillacea) 8, 3 87. 171 185, 206, 241, 282, 302, 465, 726, 746, 713, 795, 816, 834, 852, 871, 909; 972, 1118 Cotton stainers (Dysdercus spp. ) 302 Cotton stainer (Dysdercus suturellus) Cotton stern moth (Platyedra vilella) Cottonwood borer (Plectrodera scalator) 960 Cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) 301, 434, ate 23's Cottony - cushion scale (Icerya pur- oat ee 337, 415, S31, 987, 11 Cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria welt.) 65, 317, 519, 552, , 797, 873, 1035 owes aphid a (apt Ss pe 159, Cone aii (Chalcodermus aenus) 209, 674, 718, 786, 865, 969, 1025 Crab louse (Phthirus pubis) 891 Cranberry fruitworm (Mineola vaccinii) 97 Cranberry weevil (Anthonomus musculus) 33 cuane flies so erin 298, 349, 397 rapemyrtle aphid (Myzocallis Ee hapaluckaantt 584, 774 Crickets F Cross-striped cabbageworm (Evergestis rimosalis) 693 Cuban-laurel ee (Gynaikothrips ficorum) 31 Cucumber beetles 74, 82, 95, 166, 578, 602, ern 831, 870, 940, 977, 1050, 1116 Currant ania (Capitophorus ribis) 790 Caray peree (Ramosia tipuliformis) Currant fruit fly (Epochra canadensis) 50, 457, 104 Cutworms 11, 22, 45, 75, 82, 95, 100, 152, 155, 159, 165, 167, 186, 889, 939, 9 1009, 1063, eke 1080, 1103, 1105, 1114, Cylamen Oe (havgonemus allidus) 65, 410, 3, 798, 5 , 918, 869, 908, 980, 1044 ple Darkling beetles 82, 177, 222, 236,258, 337, 486, 1114, 1116 Dark mealworm (Tenebrio obscurus) 941 Date multe (Paratetranychus simplex) 7, Deer flies 466, 523, 614 Depressed flour beetle (Palorus subde- pressus) 103 Desert corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema ectypa) 827 Diamondback moth (Plutella maculi- ennis) 28, 47, 83, 88, 198, 340, 1, 976, 1116 Dictyospermum serie Ae somphalus dictyosperumi) Differentiol ST er or differentialis) 171, Dingy ee (Feltia subgothica) 268, Dog fsai(Gtsnocepieliise canis) 553, Saiwonineee (Thamnosphecia scitula) Dongle beetle (Dendroctonus pee Douglas-fir tussock moth (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) 701 Dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus) 38, 695 Sil Ear tick (Otobius megnini) 64, 94, 186, 318, 3 8, B75, 8, 1 960, 1 1051, 1120 Earwigs 95, 220, 486, 531, 644, 848, 85, 919, 961 Eastern field wireworm (Limonius agonus) Eastern larch beetle (Dendroctonus simplex)69 = Eastern lubber eee elas (Romalea microptera) 252 Eastern spruce gall aphid oleae abietis) 219, 414, 669, Eastern tent caterpillar ‘(falacosoma americanum) 71 09, $05,” 235, 254, 272, 293; 311, 330, 354, 365, 378, 413) 489, 517, 669, 886, 980, 993, 1072 108 Eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula) 430, 13, 63) Eggplant lace bug (Gargaphia solani) 771, eae Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera prune nnis) 104, 129, } 752 Bighted- sported forester (Alypia octo- maculata) 740 Elm borer (Saperda tridentata) 491 Elm eaigrepus Cailigrapha scalaris) Elm coskgcomt gall (Colopha ulmicola) 4 7 Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella xantho- melaena) 12, , 80, 95, 184, 210, 317, 364, 386, 414 463, 491) 561, 583, 611, 641, 669, 701, 722, 748, 775, 798, 821, 837, 857, 876, 910, 960, 980, 991, 1036, 1051, 1071, 1088, 1108, 1119 Elm leaf miner (Fenusa ulmi) 518 Elm Saw (Cimbex americana) 584, 610, 6 Hone flea beetle (Systena elongata) wigan spruce beetle (Dendroctonus engelmanni) 142 English grain aphid (Macrosiphum qra- narium) 22, 48, 52, BG; Oo. 152 2, 193, 215,’ 233, 252, 278, 291} 309, 323, 340, 351, 373, 400, 424° 452, 474, 503, 596, 625, 664, 959, 1033, 1114 Engraver beetles” 145, 299, 669, 774, 72, 1044 1112, 1119 Eriophyid mites 153, 219, 270, 309,339, 351, 451, 474, 503, 570, 739, 799, 846, Buonymus scale ’(Unaspis euonymi) 837, 10 European apple aan (Hoplocampa testudinea) 3 See SS er tee himallon majalis) 538, 613, 645, 702, a ate as borer (Pyrausta ‘pubilalis) 11, 15, 17, 29, 54) 66, 89, 72, 105, 134, “460, 168, 202, 203, 224, 262, 267, 305, 323, 345, 368, 369, 393, 417, 421 440, 449, 471, 483, 494, 500; 525, 530, 555, 567, 593, 622, 650, 660, 674, 675, 683, 703, 708, 732, 758, 777, 782, 801, 805, B20, 821, 825, EM 881, 977, 985, i010, 1012, 1033, 1038, 1041, 1047, 1067, 1072, 1086, 1087; 1101} 1121” European earwig (Forficula auricularia) 31 642, 672, 700, 717, 750, 777, 798, 819, 837, 873, 890, 1070, 1086 Eureee as elm scale (Gossyparia s pe) 19, 587, G43, 665, 360) 1013 European fruit lecanium (Lecanium corni) 13, 17, 65, 176, 259, 3ii, 457, » 920 Great European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) 75, 415, BIT. 5bl, 1011, 1036, 110 ie European pine shoot mot! acionia De iain 75, 184, 256. 259, 4 ' 551, 583, 587, 641, 670, 699, 753, 923, 1011, 1036, 1087, 1105 European red me (eee chus ulmi) 16, 73, 95 i371 164, 176, 215, a8, 292, tga" 310, 3287 341; 353, 418, 573, 600, 629, 658, 688, 716, 739, 788, 829, 849, 920, 967, 979, 1010, 1048, 1071, 1089 1103, 1105 European spruce sawfly (Diprion hercyniae) 890 European wheat stem sawfly (Cephus aeus) 397, 625 5188) GB Eye gnats lates ePP. Eye-spotted Tad moth (Spi ilonota ocellana) 378, 403, Sito Fall armyworm Fe hygma fruqi gran 91, 4, 161, "169, 206, 207, 83, 296 975, 977, 992, 1001, 1023, 1063, 1087, 1088, 1114 Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) 148, 462 494, 582, 6 (ooo F 980, 1011, 1063, 1099 Fall webworm aaa cunea) 12, 71, 92, 16 84, 203, 208, 225, 378, 588, 550, 583, 610, 670, 674, 701, 722° 790, 797, 836, 873, 910, 923; 1061 False chinch bugs (N sius spp.) 297, 314, 335, 338, » 300, 540, 599, 718, 742, 787, 807, 1114, 1115, 1116 False chinch Eig! Os sius ericae), Sp 83, 155, 216, 251, "384, 278, eee False pink bollworm (Sacadodes alis) 302 False merece 48, 169, 433, 485, 863, 902, 918, 932, 947, 1013 Field cricket (Acheta assimilis) 94, 397, 616, 674, 751, 819, 833, 839) 875, 942) 970 Filbertworm (Melissopus latiferreanus) ? 1 Fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) 416, Fir ga ee (Scolytus ventralis) 146 Fir needle miner (gate tia meritana) 923, 990, 105 Flat grain beetles 169, 874, 974, 1044, 1075, 1118 Flatheaded apple tree borer (Chrysobothris femorata) 93, 167, 254, BOU, 740, 6 7 ? Flatheaded borers 817, 1105, 1120 Fleas 31, 466, 615, 702, 750, 776, 798, 820, 838, 1120 Flea beetles 11, 17, 18, 49, 82, 95, 136, 177, 208, 206, 218, 226, 236, 255, 257, 289, 298) 305, 315, 355, 380, 404’ 417, 418° 430, 439, 440, 459) 473) 483° 501, 513, 531, 542) 587; 606, to) 661, 721, 723, T40, 744, 791 813, 885, 978, 1033, 1074, 1090, 1081, 1087, 1091, 1114, 1116 Fleahoppers 632, 667, 796 Fleeceworms 467 Fletcher scale toc fletcheri) 336 Flies 219, 293, 673, 855, 1030. Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum) 23, 62, 154, 312, 904 Florida wax scale’ (Ceroplastes flori- densis) 642 Flour beetles (Tribolium sp.) 924, 1006 Flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici) 278, Wr LOS Reais, Forage, Hee (Caenurgina erechtea) 71, 88 Orbe scale eases forbesi) 17, Lo, 165, 5 ' B74, 1035 Forest tent coer (Malacosoma disstria) 68, 65, 517, "350, 554, 582, 586, 641; 710, 836, 890, 993, 1051, 1122 Four-spotted tree cricket (Oecanthus ni ee quadripunctatus) 515, Bil 83 Fowl tek Aa rs persicus) 673, 728, Fruit Hee 702, 998 Fruit piercing ‘moths 968 Fruit tree age coer Areriee rospila) 65, 31 os 00, Fruitworms 979, 1115 Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus qodmani) 158, 612, 631, Fungus beetles 53, 942, 956, 1075, 1112, 1119 a@o Gall midges 723, 968 Garden centipede (Scutigerella imma- culata) 226, 953 Garden fleahopper (Halticus bracteatus) 314, 326, 513, 1070 Garden slugs 889, 913, 1086 Garden Sing (Limax maximus) ae Garden webworm (Loxostege similalis 163, 169, 269. 477, Be. 571, 595, 626, 653, 685, 713, 736, 761, 778, 784, 821, 828, 833, 847, 857, 864; 876, 918, 1033, 1074, 1117 German cockroach (Blattella germanica) 8 83 Giant African snail (Achatina fulica) 877 132 Giant hornet (Ves a crabro germana) 18, 8 ? > Gladiolus thrips (Taeniothrips simplex) 749, 753,. 798, 837 Glover reale (Lepidosaphes qloverii) Golden-eye lacewing (Chrysopa oculata) 4, 493 Golden nematode (Heterodera Tosto- chiensis) 239 Golden oak scale aces variolosum Grain beetles 103, 219, ” 1006, 1106 Grain eS 22, 5, cs 81, 99, 129, 105: ? Crary weevt 1 uaatas Game eet (Feltia subterranea) 3. Grape berry pioth (Polychrosis viteana) 16 905, 1040, 11 Grape Sains "423, 515, 592, 594, 627, ie ee 712, ae Ne rape flea beetle (Altica chalybea) 93, 275, 354 ne Grape leaf folder (Desmia funeralis) 15 Grape leafhoppers 235, 601, 690, 1115 Grape leaf skeletonizer (Harrisina jee ata) 830 Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus mari- timus) 311, Grasshoppers 14, 18, 29, 30, 48, 51, , 54, 66, 69, 73, 134, 135,” 921, 9. 959, 1009, 1013, 1014, 1033, 1038, 1046, 1070, 1073, 1089; 1102} 1104} 1114) 1115, 1116, 1121' Grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus) 1067 Grassworms 207, 865, 885, 903, 919, 951, 967, 987, 992 Great Basin tent caterpillar (Mala- cosoma fragilis) 149, 179, 335, iSepee traailis Great Basin wireworm (Ctenicera nyinina noxia) 350, 397 3, 22, Greenbug (Toxoptera graminum 1 5, BT 99, 129, ae 152% 62, 169, 192, "196, 214, 221, 233, 252) 268, 2917 309, 323, Sal, 374, 398, 424 473, 950, 985, 1001, 1023, 1059, 1079, 1097, 1100, 1113 ro paar no on Green cloverworm (Plathypena scabra) 2, 163, 207, i 505, 535, 554, 785, 809, 813, 829, 847, 876, 887, 1034, 1068, mite ie ae Greenhouse thrips iothrips haemorrhoidalis Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) 204 1 Green June beetle teatings nitida) 16, 165, 8, 223, 277, 314, 333, 354, 644, 689 729, 767, 893; 933, 1034, 1080 Green Beach a phi (M et eae 18, ih, ob7, 2h, 315, 329, 333, a aee 3a 408, 410, 429, 433) 461, 486, 515, 543, 579, 605, 635, 662, 695, 793, 812, 940, 978, 988, 992, 1015, 1016, 1054, 1090, 1091, 1098 Green scale (Coccus viridis) 574 Green shield scale (Pulvinaria psidii) 339 Green stink bug (Acrosternum hilare) ? , ’ Green-striped mapleworm (Anisota rubicunda) 166, 584, 611, 641, sepa mealybug (Rhizoecus falcifer) Ground pearls 88, 480, 644, 655, 764, Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum Gulf eeeeonm {Conoderus amplicollis) G moth (Porthetria dispar) 12, 19, one 3, 149, 6, rai 489; 516, 668, 748, 796, 817, 993, 1009, 1053, 1065, 1086 = Hie eerEe ey. engraver (Scolytus muticus) Hackberry nipple gall (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) 71 TE; 342, im. Hackberry psyllids 911, 1106 Saeed oar bug (Mur. antia histrionica) 62 3 431, B10, 539, 632, fe, 719, 791, 813, 1082, 1116 Heel flies (see ie ‘grubs) ful Hemlock borer anophila - voguttata) 258 Hecncgk ata) & 817 ne hed (Neodiprion tsuqae) 15 Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor)55, 162, 168-182, 20 : ” , ? Ts ? ? 533, 626, Be 827, 902, 950, 1003, 1041, Hickory cbsew oem (igsverresi caryana) ae 42} Hog lice 350. 1 Hog Louse Cfeemeto inus ae, a oe) 1 tah aaa 492, Horn fl a irritans) 58 94, 168 ee 238, 280, 2 28 927 523, 925, 956, 960, 973, 990, 1013, “tone, 1120 Homed sauasi bug (Anasa_ ce Hornworms (Pr oparce U5, rps} oo, 315, 1389, 459, 379, 410, 433, 515, 543, 554, 555, 578, 605, 835, 661, 694, 720, 744, 769, 793, 812, 868, 914, 952, 969, 978, 1050, 1000, 1118 Horse Ales 168, 170, 184, 300, 387, 435, 523, 614, 644, 775, B00; 1074 Ese Horseradish flea beetle (Phyllotreta armoraciae) 356 Suet en (Acheta domestica) 388, House flies 24, 52, 94, 157, 167, 170, 1 186, R a ; 10, 318, 338, 364, 413, 434) 523) 552, 585, 614, 644, 675, 701, 728, 750, 775, 800, ee 838, Human flea (Pulex ee 416 ois Imported er lease (Pieris rapae) 32, 53, 83, 88, 9 136, 166, 217, 25, 277, 314, 331, 383, 406, 431, 468, 510, 539, 632, 659, 693, 743, 752, 801; 831° 908} 921, 939, 953, 975, 976, 1004, 1012, 1035, 1062, 1069, 1091 impor ed currantworm (Nematus ribesii) v. richteri) 1 Imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versi¢olora) 775 Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) 88, 164, 169, 205, 210, yes 1008, 1075, 1106, 1118 ela flower bug 616 ntroduced pine aay (D Prin gums simile) 68 Imported fire ant Oo s saevissima , 71, 489, 670, To moth {Automeris io)’ 924 Ips bark beetles , 550, 611, 612 854, 941, 954, 955, 1031, 11/9 Iris borer (Macronoctua onusta} 671 Itch mite (Sarcoptes Scabiei) 168 Ivy aphid (Aphis. fedoras} 336 ale Jack pine budworm enone eos pinus) 518, 749, Jack pine sawfl (Neodiprion fale sianae, 463, TOI Jack pine shoot borer (Eucosma ss teal (Bo pila jap pe eetle (Popillia japonica) He cere 572, 573, boa : 604; 613, 635, 643, 654, 671, 689, 694; 703, 710, 723, 749, : 810, 827, 913, 993, 998, 1010, 1070, 1071, 1088, < og Do sj @ on £0 + Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jeffreyi) 144 June ieee Phyllophaga spp. ) 252, Juniper scale (Diaspis carueli) 75, 551, 1105 Juniper webworm Nar stmt: mar- ginella) 7, 317, sits Kermes scale 519, 554 Khapra beetle Sa ora narium) 2, 557 =. Lace bugs 18, 95, 700, a 1005 Lacewings (Chrysopa naa 818 Lady pean: 308, £53, , 863, Larch gene (Coleophora laricella) 415, 440, 1011 ; Larch sawfly (Pristi hora erichsonii 146, 462, 518, 587, , 010, 674, 699, 722, 748, 1011 Large chestnut weevil (Curculio pro- boscideus) 17 Larger canna leaf roller (Calpodes ethlius) 699, 837 Leaf beetles 422, 671 Leaf cutting ants (Atta spp. ) 302 Leaf-footed bugs (Leptoglossus spp. ) et 691, 717, 761, O55, 1048 e ~footed bug (ep to lossus phyllo- us) 165, Ol, 661 Leaf galls Nerereae spp. ) 63 Leafhoppers 11, 73, 81, 95, 129, 152, 162, 163, 167, 175, 196, "214, 961, 969, 989; 1014, 1043, 1047, 1050, 1051, 1073, 1081, 1114; 1116” Leaf miners 7, 24, 82, 88. 95, 171, 178, 217, 322,'227, 277,313, 357, 379, 437, 484) 510,518, 594, 630, 765, 769, 789, 791, 800, 819, 851, 870, 940, 952, 960, 969, 988, 1024, 1026, 1041, 1082, 1117 Leaf rollers 203, 312, 363, 575, 740, hee ee o5: 998 eaf roller Be stultana) 213, , 872, aed 889, 908, 940’ Leather jackets 18 Leek tg (Acrolepia assectella ) Lespedeza webworm (Tetralopha scortealis) 652 >, BBE, BOD Lesser maiseora (Gra holitha aa nivora) , 409, 657, Lesser ud ma =n Wee eneti) Lesser bulb a (Eumerus tuberculatus) 415, 492 Lesser clover leaf weevil (H ni pingsiris) oa 55, 2 196, 371, 440, ” 467, 476, 508; sae" 627, 785, 1034, 1068, 1087, 1112 206, 207, 214, 282, 283, 302, 369, 394, 495, 501, 572; T= for} one wo i= 907; 913, 917, 918, 932) 947; 986, 988, 1023, 1025, 1041, 1059, 1114 Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha do- minica) 64, 169, 505, 259, 874, 912, 924, 556, $90, 1008, 1118 Lesser migratory grasshopper (Melan- oplus mexicanus) 554 Lesser peach tree borer (S Tey, icti es) 74, 89, 100, 282, 594, 601, 850,” 979, i104, 1115 Lettuce aphids 130, 663, 694 Lice 46, 219, 238, 960, 1051 Lima-bean pod borer (Btiella zince- kenella) 938 Little house fly (Fannia canicularis) 364, 1036 Locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae) 797, 909, 108s, T105 ) Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dorsalis , 30, 184, 225, 671, F 723, 1088 Locust twig borer (Ecdytolopha insi- ticiana) 643 Lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria milleri) 149 Lone star tick Fae ccm ameri- canum) 1 , 304, 52, 702, 925 Loopers 87, 276, 770, 820, 851, 873, 938, 1027 , ? Louse flies 925, 1029 Lupine maggot (Hylemya lupini) 81, 100, 153, 6 001 O88, 24, 1041, 7 Lygus mts, 49, 67, 104, 129, 185, 186, 213 215, 234, 389, 308, 326, 3 938, 9 1046, 1050, 1074, 1114, 1116 a UNESS Maize tas (Calendra maidis) 87, 3 Maple bladder- aay mite (Vasates qua- dripedes) 583 Maple gall midge 95 Maple leaf scale (Pulvinaria aceri- cola) 909 yeaa ee 150, 179, aXe May beetles (Phyllo: ha a spp.) 317, 352, 564, a5 404, 414, 507 ' Meadow tee Aa (Miris dolabratus) 162, 8 Meadow spittlebug | Naor ome halmus) 3 978, 1068, 1089, 1102, 1121 Mealy bugs 5 601, 851, 947, 970, 1119, Mealy plug ahi (Hyalopterus arundinis) Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capi- tata) 104, 553, 702 @5, 17 Melon Sri (Aphis gossypii) 1 7 295, ips goss) 461, 578, 719, 791, 907, 940. 977" Melon fly (Dacus cuourbiiae| a oon Melonworm (Dia) a hyalinata 577, ae 111 Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) 4, 93; ag 135, 165, 186, 208, 208, 226, 282, 295, 313, 331, 3 968, 97 1010, 1012, 1060, 1069, ” 1091, * Mexican fruit fly Millipedes 20y, 991 Mimosa webworm (Homadaula albizziae) 30, 93, 137; 4, 584, 611, 643, 671, 700, 750, 799, 817, 1071, 1088 Mint flea beetle (Loni tarsus water- housei 7 Mirids 6: 1116 Mites 12,, is, 48, 95, 153, 183, 214 948, 253, 269, 543, 663, ane 697, 734, 751, 763, 786, 790, 836, 846; 867, 9047 961, 1047, 1061, 1084, 1100 oe Mormon cricket Anabrus sim lex 139, 1 ceed 421, 500, 567, 592, 622; 682, 1014, 1046 Mosquitoes 15, 54, 167, 318, 388, 415, 466, 493, 5238, 553, 586, 614, 643, 672, 726, 750, 776, 799, 875, 911, 943, 955, 961; 980, 1014, 1038, 1051, 1074 Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae) 143, 835, 1052 Mourning-cloak butt tterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) 300, 1051 Mushroom maggots 851 moni Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia a trana) 28 92 i 184, 209, 338, 335, 362, 463, 610 Navel orangeworm ir felois veni ipars) 24, 1025, 1087 *Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) 82, 130, Sey Negro bug (Corimelaena pulicaria) 598 New Guinea Sugarcane weevil (Rhab- doscelus obscurus) 92! Nitidulids Bs a 9, 358, 462, 718, 7 Northern fowl mite (Bdellonyssus sylviarum) 24, 59, B89, 1006, i100 Northern house mosquito (Culex ipiens) 1090 Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis) 75, 397, S18, O37 1088, 1103 Norway- maple aphid feaieema lyropictus) 49 775, that Nutgrass armyworm (Laphygma exempta) 339 “Oe Oak pruner (Hypermallus villosus) 699, Oak sksleenines (Bucculatrix ainsliella) Oak timberworm (Arrhenodes minutus) , Oblique -banded leaf roller (Archips rosaceana) 203 Obscure scale (Chrysomphalus ob- scurus) Old house borer (H. lotrupes ba: ajulus) 611, 729, 751, 1046, 1064 Olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae) 525 Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae) 23, 216, 464, CEO leat tier (Cnephasia longana) Onion magact, PSS oe toh 11, 32; 432, 440, 461, 485, 514, he, 587, 608, 960, 977, 1010 Onion thrips ’(Thri ps tabaci)” 11, 28, 82, 130, 155,198, 236, 295, 313, 332, 358, 407, 433° 461, 485, 612, 636, 663, 721, 742, J, 851, 960, 977, 1035, 1116 Orange -dog (Pa) ji1io cresphontes) 209, 484 11 ? Orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia citrana) : 690, 717, 489, 867 Orchard mites 225, 428, 480, 494, 508, 537, 573, 7600, "629, "656, 688, 716, 739), 765, 788, 810, 829° 849; 867, 885, 920, 998; 1024, a 1084, 1089, 1103, »_ 1104 SE rehid fly (Hur toma orchidearum) 33 Oriental fruit uly oes dorsalis) 524, 5 Oriental trutt moth (Grapholitha molesta) 82, Fe 3, 275, > ? , 310, 3 bg. 353, 376, 390, 401, 428, 457, 468, 508, 555, 574 600, 830, 657, 689, 704, 765, 789, 830, 849° 866, 885, 904} 919, 951, 979, 1010, 1054, 1071, 1104 aso 205, 208, 242 Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ne vit) 330, 481, 51 =5 Painted-lady (Vanessa cardui) 555 Pale-sided cutworm (Agrotis malefida) 510 Pale-striped apa beetle stena blanda) pe en aoe, SAO BOT Pale western Eos (A rotis ortho- pe) 194, 197, 3 395; 73, 533, 602, », 1047 Pales Beet (Hi lobius pales 491, et, 660, , 669, 690, 909, 972, 1119 Papaya fruit fl (Toxotrypana curvi- cauda) 330 Parsleyworm (Papilio ajax) 607 2 Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) 16, 17, 55, 70,72, BL, , 12, 81, 129, 135, 152, Gs} ales al 183, 196, 198 2 ? 2 6, 1001, ¢. 1012, 1034, 1046, 1068, 1073, 1087; 1100, 1102; 1114 Pea leaf miner (Lirlomyza langei) 255 Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineata) 479, 737, 2 Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) 459, 577 633, 1050 tile Peach Soyer mite (Vasates cornutus) Peach ee pone ES 89, 242, 716, 830, Peach tree borer ST exitosa) 376, 390, 439, 457, 616, 716,” 810, 886, 951, 979, 1047, 1104, 1115 Peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella) , 203, 376, 403, 89, 787, 789, 960. 1010, 1054, 1115 Pear Hoe mite (Eriophyes pyri) of Pear midge, (Contarinia pyrivora) 341, Pear Pay re3 (Psyll ricola) 74, 184, 354, 403, 457, 482) 689, 717; 740, 867; 1009, 1054 Pear- ree (Galiroa cerasi) 50, 457, 587, 0, 657, 690, 740, 867, 960, Pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens) 301, ia Pecan bud moth (Gretchena bolliana) 293, 429, 1115 2 L ; Pecan carpenter word (Cossula magnifica) ’ Pecan cigar casebearer (Coleophora caryae- foliella) 378 Pecan leaf casebearer (Acrobasis jug- landis) 208, 312, Pecan teas phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis) Pecan nut eeeecat (Acrobasis caryae) 254, 457, Pecan phylickera (Phylloxera devasta- Pecan wea (Curculio caryae) 8, 208, 0, 1025 Pepperarass beetle (Galeruca browni) 5 Pepper mage (Zonosemata electa) 637, Pepper ee (Anthonomus ee mii) 771, 3 116 2 Periodical cicada (Ma icicada septen- decim) 14 saith 31, 70, 137, 184, 209, Pickleworm (Dia it ania nitidalis) 17, 70, 89, 166, Bil, 540, 6 743, 793, B13, 832, 888, 905, 921" Pigeon ay ne canariensis) Pill bugs 616, 907 Pine bark aphid (Pineus strobi) 440 Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia) 147, 854 Pine chafer (Anomala oblivia) 698 Pine engraver (Ips pini! Pine needle miner (Exoteleia pinifoliae) 1 Pire needle scale ea, Be 61 foliae) yee 518, 550, 700, 774, 817, 854, 960, 1013, Tora 154, 202, 255, 293, 379, 458, 575, 586, 689, 703, 767, 866 Pine root collar weevil (Hylobius radicis) 71, 909, Pine sa ce 6, 517, 890, 1088, 111 Pine spittlebug (Aphrophora parallela) 336, 414-483 250 1 , ? Pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella numis- maticum) 71, 363, 386, 5 , 873, 910, 1063 Pine tube moth (Argyrotaenia pina- tubana) 1 ae en Pine webworms (Tetralopha sp. Pine webworm (Tetralo Ba robustella) 670. } TT19 91 Pink bollworm (Pectino hora qossy- iella) 8, 500, 202, 218, 237, 298, 384, 412, 436, 465, 488, 548) 667, 748, 815, 853, 889, 922, 953, 989, 1005, 1028, 1082, 1111, 1118 Pistol casebearer (Coleophora malivor- ella) 301 Pitch 2g (Petrova comstockiana) 6 Plant eo 48, 53, 95, 167, 216, 240, 53 75, 311, 313, 549, 582,639, 8667, 726, 796, 808, 938, 1074, ee ‘al oa Plum curculio (Conotrachelus — r 2 65, 2 > tJ 2. 164, 183, 205, 208, 225, 241, 275 630, 691, 716, 767, 849, 865, 913, 920, 951, 979, 998, 1009, 1055, 1071, 1075, 1089,’ 1103, 1104, 1115 Plum co (Anthonomus scutellaris) 30 15 Poplar borer (Saperda calcarata) 68 Poplar vagabond aphid (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) 336, 723 Popular ead Willow borer (Cryptorhyn- chus lapathi) 749, Potato aphid (Macrosiphum solanifolii) 31, 13 , ? , 5, , ? 409, 459, 483, 512, 832, 978, 1010, 1015 Potato flea beetles 31, 661, 675 Potato flea beetle (Eptrix cucumeris) 53, 74, 136, 1 , 409, 430, >, 575, 604, 634, 693, Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) 16 17 687-10. 73, Tt, 135, 137, 163, 182, 183, 262, 341, 349, 399, 427, 430, 440, 761, 770, 773, 777, 784, 808, 813, 820, 864, 902, 938, 979, 980, 1010, 1034, 1068, 1070, 1090, 1091, 1102, 1106, 1121 Potato St peed (Panairion cockerelli)7, 356, 380, 483, 512, 542, 5175, 604, 634, 660, 693, 720, 742, 770, 792, 1012, 1050 Potato rot mpraatode (Ditylenchus destruc+ tor) 7 Potato tuberworm (Gnorimoschema operculella) 7, 17, A 7 , 741, 752, 792, 832, 874, 822, 940; 970, 1026, 1050, Powder ae beetles 71, 95, 102, 167, 1 Prairie grain wireworm (Ctenicera aeripennis destructor Praying Sake 13 Psecids 701, 891 Purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii) 23 ios, Hb Si tee, Toe Puss caterpillar (Me alopyge opercu- Pu Jar) pcolatot ylus) 81 tnam scale idiotus ancylus 5 1035, 1080 ery fee =iRi= Raspberry cane borer (Oberea bima- Culata) 50, 637, 665, 794, 857, 03 Raspberry cane maggot (Peqomya rubivora) 665 Raspberry root borer (Bembecia mar- inata) 50 664 607, Raspberry sawfly (Mono hadnoides eniculatus) 337 Red backed cutworm (Euxoa ochro- aster) 49, 349, 355, 460, Red-banded leaf roller (Argyrotaenia velutinana) 16, 73, 74, 137, 164, 5 pend, 272, 310, 329; 341, 354, 377, 403, 457, 480, 508, 573, 601, 630, 691, 767, 830, 849, 920, 975, 979, 993, 998, 1009, 1071, 1089, 1103, cinctus) 10 Red flour pect (siouat castaneum) 1 ? Red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex bar- batus) 751 Red-headed ash borer (Neoclytus acumi- natus) 584 1104 Red-banded thrips (Selenothrips rubro- > Red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei) 68, 517, 7B 748, Red-humped caterpillar (Schizura con- cinna) 91 PetGa) ADE a beetle (Necrobia rufipes) Red-necked peanutworm (Stegasta bosquella) 207, 598, 655, 687, 714, is 763, 847, 884, 933 Red-pine sawfly (Neodivrion_ nanulus) 490, 517, 610 Rhodes-grass scale (Antonina graminis) 10248108100 ne 3 Rhododendron borer (Ramosia rhododendri) 11 Rhubarb cureule {Libs concavus) 432, 486, 1 Rice stink bug ae pugnax) 373, 764, 7 Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus simplex) 241, 401, 451, 473, 507, ia Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryza) 87, 164, 205, 210, 219, 282, 522, 751, 848, 924, 956, 990, 1099, 1100, 1118 Root maggots 74, 390 Root weevils 227, 1002 Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) 278 Rose Gears (kisceacaat lus subspinosus ” ? > , 7 Rose curculio (Rhynchites bicolor) 613 Te auc a 42, 7 Rose leafhopper ee rosae) 723 I 3 nid t phi ) i Rosy apple ap Anuraphis roseus 73, 164, 255, 002-3 (he ¢ 2 2 2 2 » 329, 353, 418, 429, 481, 494, 509, 574, 630, 998, 1009, 1054, 1071, 1089, 1103, 1104 Roundheaded apple tree borer (Saperda candida) 401, 415, 65 Site paddle ee (Sibine stimulea) 1 Saddled prominent (Heterocampa quitivina) 798 Salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 2 2 58, 269, 2 D 326, 331, 539, 546, 606, 637, 816, 835, 854, 870, 871, 889, 908, 933, 940, 953, 989, 1061, 1114 Salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) 673 {080 Sand flies (Culicoides sp. ) 300 Sand wireworm (Horistonotus uhlerii) 87 rniciosus) ? 2, 10 2 2 2 ? 254, 330, 690, 998, 1112, 1114 Sap beetles 341, 594, 625, 655, 664, 703, 710, 734, 759, 760, 807, 827, 917, 1047, 1088 Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora sara- togensis) 71, 150, 587, 670, San Jose scale (Aspidiotus Satin moth (Tue pes salicis) 12, 584, 641, 670, 617, 993, 1086 Sawfhies 91, 146, 162, 182,225, 253, 473, 515, 610, 854, 954, 1036, 1088, 1115 Saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) 64, 169, 210, 553, 644, 874, $24, 974, 990, 1006, 1031, 1112, 1118 Say stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi) 49 23 3 Rar, 684, , ? 2 712, 737, 1047 Scales 9, 89, 92,93, 95, 201, 227, 242, 282) 283, 294, 299, 335, 336, 337, 339, 386, 414; 440, 463, 519, 583, 612, 628, 643, 655, 738, 809, 873, 967, 972, 989, 1044, 1084, 1089, 1097, 1119 Scarabeids 221, 375, 536, 555, 801, 643, 923 Schoene mite (Tetranychus shoenei) 16, Seolytids 64, 386, 941,1112 ae ale crew-worm galliiroga hominivorax) 53, 5 2 , , ? ? 9, 387, 435, 465, 523, 553, 614, Bus 2 les 818, Ea 1120 curfy scale onaspis furfura) 354 583, 767, 3 Secondary screw-worm (Callitroga macellaria) 924 Seed-corn beetle (Agonoderus lecontei) 162, 271, OT 30a , 472, 610, 103 Seed-corn maggot (Hylemya cilicrura) 1 24, 29, 31, ? 2 2 » 161, 189, 182, 183, 197, 200, 209, 257, 271, 276, 288, 294° 541, 577, 603, 625, 636, 659, 862, 952, , 977, 1010, 102° 10862, 1067, 1114, 1116 Serpentine leaf miners 101, 226, 378, 510, 661, 811, 908, 1116 Sheep biting louse (Bovicola ovis) 204 Sheep bed We (Pestrus fait 168, 260. eep ke felo S Ovinus, I 960, 1013-105 : Short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus) 84 Shot-hole borers 93, { 904 eee (re isma saccharina)95, 991, Six-spotted leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons) 55, 309, 407, 454, 4 607, 976 ’ Six-spotted mite (Tetranychus sexma- culatus) 69 Slugs 182, 501, 814, 907, 993 Small chestnut weevil (Curculio auriger Smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus) 58, 16¢ 2 , ? 3 ’ ? 8, 50, 583, 610, 674, 698, 748, 799, 837, 1071 Snowball rps (Anuraphis viburnicola) Snowy bree cricket (Qecanthus niveus) Sod webworms 182, 426, 501, 555, 674, 738, 788, 789, 828, 903, 919, 937, 987, 1033, 1089 Soft scale (Coccus hesperidum) 23, 299, Sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola) 90, 207 Sorghum soe ae elamasordhiella) Southern pede (Prodenia ee dania) ese; 296, 484, 515, 633, 793, 969 Southern ev nee ae (Pieris rO- todice) 431, 831, 888, Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) 56, 369, 400, 451, 472, 501, 525, 532, 568, 595, 627, 1114 Southern cornstalk borers (Diatraea spp.) 623 Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides) 568, Southern fire ant Solenopsis xyloni ni) 234, 889 , Southern garden leafhopper (Empoasca solana) 969, 1082 Southern green stink bug (Nezara viri- dula) 375, 423, 459, 542, 578, 604, 661, 918° ( Southern masked chafer Cyclocephala immaculata) 58, Bae Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) 92, 145, 156, 200, 219; 278, 335, 414, 923, 954, 1112, 1119 Southern red mite (Baratetranychus ilicis) 980 Southwestern corn borer (Diatraea randiosella) 99, , Lol, 168, 5 , eel, 282, 241, 267, 289, 305, 345, 370, 389, 394, 421, 440, 472, 554, 568, 594, 623, 651, 675, 684, 709, 760, 84 862, 917, 935, 936, 947, 1001, 1114 Southwestern pine beetle (Dendroctonus barberi) 145 Spider beetles 18 Spider mites oes 18, 56, 57, 58, 86, 91, 10U, 159, 106,” 171, 175, 185, =3] @o as Aa) 64, 865, 869, 907, 1041, 1043, 1061, 1074, 1106, 1114, 1118, 1119 Spiders 961, 1045 Spinach leat oe (pe omya hyoscyami) Spirea aphid (a oar s Biraedola) 630, 1052 Soe rat 15, 5G, 251, 259, bea, 01, 308, 314, 328, 349, 358, 373° 383, 400, 477, 546, 575, 655, 712, 781, 935, 1048, 4 Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duo- decimpunctata) 17, Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howar 14, $52, 276, 204, 358, 431, 439, 485, 503, 555, 631, 719, 769, 889, 888, 905, 1028, 1035, 1070, 1091, 1114 Spotted cutworm (Amathes c-nigrum) 538 Spring cankerworm eacr: 8 ver- nata) 154, 184, 360, 434, 462, 494, 586, 980, 1011, 1074 Springtails 11, 87, 178, 338, 1030 Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumi- ferana) 1 » O41, 670, 698, 854, 1086 Spruce gall aphids 95, 226, 317 Spruce mites 75, 1105 Spruce spider mite (Paratetranychus ununguis) 226, 700, 738 Squash bee ne (E Ylachna borealis) 136, 383, 540 , 631, 692, LO Squash bug (Anasa tristis) rai = pole 5 295, 332, 358, B10, 08, a1, sigs 674, 692, 719, 743, 768, 790, 813, 832, 851, 857, 869, 977, 989, 1004, 1012, 1034, 1069, 1091, 1116 Squash vine borer (Melittia cucurbitae) 6, 4: 692, 719, 753, 771, 813, 905, 977. plane ee 492. 614, 701, 2 Ber oe Stable fly aS ealcitrans 2, 8 bY. en 128, 178 838, 891, ie 82, Ss orer (Papaipema nebris 1 532, B05, 624, 63 741, 777, 826, 1033 Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea) Stink bugs 166, 206, 274, 275, 311, 330, 339, 363, 429, 509, 586, 6 603, 651, 698, 726, 747, 708° 796, 950, 952, 1114, 1116 Strawberry aphid ( a ito horus fre qaefolii) 255, AIO, 432, 66: SteaWReEATiCEOn crown borer ( ee fragariae) 237, Strawberry crown miner (Aristotelia fragariae) 607 Strawberry crown moth (Ramosia bibionipennis) 721, Strawberry leaf roller (Aneylis com- tana fragariae) 315, 358, ER 3 432, 485, 837 Strawberry Toot aphid (Aphis forbes!) 297, 637, Lap) ? ? ? Strawberry toot w Do 546, 607, 742, 1064 Strawberry root ween Re rhinus ovatus) 71, , 004, TOT. 794, ’ Strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus atlanticus) 479, 742 753. 786, 1076, 1087 Strawberry weevil (Galan s So a esas 6, natus Strawberry area (Trialeurodes packardi) 721 Strepsipterons : Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata) 11, 17, 56° 136, 313, 4, 431, 440, 485, 510, 540, 555, 831, 858, 719, 790, 831, 993, 1070, 1081, 1105 Striped fee beetle (Phyllotreta striolata) Striped horge fly (Tabanus lineola) 94, Suckfly (Dieyphus minimus) 603, 635, Sugar-beet crown borer (Hulstia un- dulatella) 484, 719 Sugar-beet root maggot (Tetanops mygeacionmis) 50, BG, 636 ” Sugar-beet wireworm (Limonius_ cali- fornicus) 63, Sugercacey beetle (Euetheola rugiceps) 3, ooh, 440, 465, 473, 531, 624, 814, 2” Sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) 309, 370, 0, 532, are’ 752, 764, 807, 845, 986, 1023, 1114 Sunflower moth (Homoesoma electellum) Swaine jack-pine sawily (Neodiprion swainei) 722 Sweetclover FEE (Sitona aS 49 55, 67, 163, 348, "300, 426, 476, 506, 534,” 570, 828, 918, 1038, 1042, 1048, 1073, 1102 Sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema 8 confinis) 462, ee weetpotato hornworm rius cin latus) 209, 357 TOT. 321 Sweetpotato leaf beetle (gens viridicyaneus) 46%, Sweetpotato leaf roller (Pilocrocis tripunctata) 814, Sweetpotato weevil (C las formicarius ele se Is 989, "10277 1084, 1098, Soha Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata) 463, 670, 1071-1088 ~~ Sab e Tabanids 552, 584, 614, 728, 1120 Tarnished plant bug ig, lagu s lineolaris) 66, 254, ha, oh, 292, 306, 311, 330, 440; 462) 474) 485, 564, 609, 634, 770, 921, 966, 998, 1012, 1086, 1117 Tea scale (Fiorinia ‘ sp.) 775, 1119 Tent earl 12, 204, 299, 317, 363, Termites oe 18, 31, 51, 64, 102, a 301, 364, 389, 416, 553, 911) 961, 1002, 1036, 1090, aR i se Hee nig: ) errapin scale Lecanium rofasciatum 299, 574, 1119 Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana) 64, Thief 4 Solenas ae roles ) 45 ef ant (Solenopsis molesta) 1 Three-cornered alfalfa hoppe oe (Spissistilus festinus) 90, 175, 306. 570, 626, 2880, 712, 737, 808, 828, 884, 886, 933, 975, 987, 1001, 1024 Three-striped blister beetle (Epicauta lemniscata) 486 Thrips 30, , 81, 86, 91, 156, 163, 170 236, 240, , 742, 911, 937, 960, 961, eae 1052, 1091, 1114, 1116, Ticks 31, 242, 260, 364, 523, 584, 615, 1029, 1126 Tobacco Eu ig (Heliothis oP ais 87, 359, 382, 410, 418, 433 tae 515, 543, 579, 604; 635, 770, 971 Tobacco ee ae zee pees 32, "380, 188, 460, 486, 564, 379) 804, 635, 662, 694, 720, Tobacco gaa DCRR GAREL sexta) EF Tobacco moth ra hestia elutella 580, $82 Tobacco aaweal Prankliniells niella fusca) 4 Tobacco wiraworm, (Condens ves- pertinus) Tomato fruitworm ass armigera) 27, 380, 430, "513, 542, 603, 634, 662, 741, 769, 811, 832, 907, 969, 978, 988, 1050, 1091, 1105 Tomato hornworm (Protoparce quin- tees KR 183% 390, Tomato Evie (seen lycopersicella) 1 Tomato peyilis ( (Paratrioza cockerelli) a 811, 850, 1116 ) ‘omato russel mite Vasates eo a6, 3 7b, 7a, ‘169, 493, 811, 832, 850, 857, 868, 888, 907, 921, 978, 1035, 1050, 1069, 1091 Tortoise beetles 166, 461, 515, 664, 1091 Tortricids 331, 378, 405, 509, 632, 768, 807, 917 Treehoppers 104 Tropical po mite (Bdellonyssus bursa) ? 2 ? Tuber flea beetle (Epitrix tuberis) 57, 45 004, 68 ? 512, 1, ? ? Tuliptree scele (Toumeyella liriodendri) 78, 491 Turnip aphid (Rhopalosiphum mel brassicnc) 63, ToL 1026, 1062 Turpentine beetles 201, 238, 298, 335, 550, 611, 748, 797, 872, 941, Lost, 1119 vere Twi rdler (Oncideres cingula Tar 86, 938, 11 ; Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus i t 1 F 73, 74, 75, 86, 136, 167, 170, Wt, alt, oo, 78, 282. 985, 1010, loss, "Toso, 1063,” 1069, 1071, 1089, 1091, 1108, 1105’ Hie Ugly nest caterpillar ih rchips cerasi- vorana) 58, Unspotted tentiform leat miner (Callisto geminatella) 1089 eV = Variable oak leaf caterpillar (Hetero- campa manteo) 30, 92, 148, Varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci) 184 Variegated cutworm (Pi marqgaritosa) 13, 49, 52, 56, 161, 17, 213, $52,'258, 267, 514, 525, 533, 735, 741, 762, 769, 801, 918, 960, 1032 Vegetable weevil ti oderes costiro- Qbliguus) 7, 24, ft 87, 94, 101, 177, 200, , 209, 518, DoT, 596, 314, 353° 337, 359, 382; 409; 460, 486, 988, 1063, 1080, 1116 Velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia lemmatilis) 88, 282, 54, 686, "714, "738, ” 786, 809, 820, 839; 846, 884 ‘ 903; 913, 919° 932) 1 oot 5 184, Vetch bruchid Bruchus brac is) 16 453, 536, 715, 5 A 1010, 1034, 1119 ‘a Vinegar flies 17, 907, 1036, 1050, 1091 Vine moth (Polychrosis botrana) 1030 Virburnum aaa ig Anuraphis viburni- Virginia creeper pee peSr (Erythro- neura ziczac) =e pats a spares era aT a, ich, 1088 a ie Walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandico s 968, 1004 Walnut caterpillars 242, Re 831 ) Walnut caterpillar Datana integerrima 165, 166, 208, 575, Sar, bye 741, 831, 905° Walnut husily — completa) Walnut Gee Blasio juglanse egiae) 259 Wax moths 891 Webworms 75, 349, 375, 394, 472, 532, 554 , 598, 626, 685, 712, 726, 747, 785, 848, 989, 939, 955, 1072, 1103, 1114 =9i= Weevils 94, 158, 169, 181, 198, 209, 335, 426, 489, 524, 655, 737, 748, 911, 912 957, 1062 Western bean cutworm i Loxai rotis al- bicosta) 742, Western corn Sean (Diabrotica vir- gifera) 56, 168 Western grape leaf skeletonizer (Har- risina brillians) 482, 631, 850, {048 Western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) 76 Western peach tree borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) 311, 354, 403 Western pine Pons Dendroctonus bre- vicomis) 14 Western pitch ball moth (Betrova al- bicapitana) 1011 °—™S Western spotted cucumber beetle (Diab Egtica pndecimpune tata) Western oar Eo thar (Malacosoma pluviale) Be 554 Western tussock moth (ieee a vetusta) 404, iy ee Western y ellow- =striped armyworm = den npesnia. raefica) 869, 1046 est Indian fruit fly (Anastre ha. mom binpracoptans) oa. 703 Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae)’ 192, 194 Wheat head armywam (Protoleucania ebuimes! 684, 787 Wheat jointworm Harmolita tritici) 49, ? 10 T Wheat stem maggot (Meromyza ameri- cana) 397 an B54 598, 1033 Wheat stem s sawfly (Cephus cinctus) 49, 452, 1037 Wheat wireworm (Agriotes mancus) 907 Wheel bug (Arilus cristatus) 751 White apple Teafhopper (Typhlocyba omaria) . 481 White flies 1, 338, 361, 386, 413, an 548, 640, 816, 848, 1027, 116 White-frin ed beetles 89, 94, 234, ‘282, dGt, 455, 479, 489, 655, 764, 788, 820, 848) 937, 987, 1065 White grubs 3) 153, 155, 169, 196, 218, 257, 352, 374, 389, 395, 424, 480, 484, 703, 863, 885, 893, 903, 917, 932, 950, 967, 979, 985, 1002, 1010, 1034, 1103, 1114, 1121 White-lined sphinx (Celerio lineata) 363, by 729, 852, 1120 White-marked tussock moth ence compa seams) 69, 642, White peach aes (uae is pentagona) 7, 765 aes White-pine weevil vo — strobi) eat, “104, 777, 909, 1011 Willow borer 960 ( ) Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major 13 , , Winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) nls lh 064 Wiepuans 28° 48, 53, 63, 81, bo, i101, 155, 178, 182, 257 993, 978, 1010, 1037, 1087, 1081, 1098, 1114, 1 116, 1117 Woolly alder aphid (Prociphilus tessellatus) 210 Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma a Emes 82, a II, 463, 494, 537, 612, "360, 1004, 1047, 1054 Woolly eae caterpillars 56, 57, 486, Woolly elm aphid (Eriosoma ameri- canum) 519, ve Yellow clover aphid iM zocallis trifolii) 53 tat. 933, 959, 9 We "1624, 1041, 1059,” 1079, Yellow-headed male sees (Pikonema alaskensis) 583, 674, 698 Yellow-margined leaf beetle (Micro- theca ochroloma) 382 Yellow-necked caterpillar (Datana ministra) 137, 165, ce 749, 774, 811, 1071 Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina)23, 689 Yellow-striped Saad rodenia ornitho aa Vay . , 200, 234, 24 40, "241, 271, 325, 332 386, 418 851, 864, 919 939; 1003, Yellow sugarcane qrug (Sipha oS 2 2 401, 440, 532, 951, 987, 1023, 1059 BARS Zebra caterpillar (Ceramica picta) 908 Zimmerman pine moth (Di Dioryctria zimmermani) 7 Aue Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber beetic) ii ily, Beh alee, Bulg}, Shieh, 404, 431, 485, 510, 540, 578, 631, 658, 719, 790, 831, 870 940, 977, 993, 1070, 1091, 1105 Acantholyda zappei (a pine sawfly) 258 Aceratagallia spp. (leafhoppers) 597 Aceratagallia arida 932, 950, 1047 Aceratagallia curvata 570, 712, 738 Aceratagallia sanquinolenta (clover leaf- Lopper) 214, 5 , 288, 372, 427, 477, 570, 629, 762, 785, 864, 1068 Aceratagallia uhleri 597, 629 Aceria camelliae (a mite) 219 Aceria paradianthi 237 Aceria fai ae 192, 194, 270, 309, 351, 451, 570, 846, 950 Achaea janata (a moth) 158 Achaetoneura archippivora (a parasite) Sea Ones Achatina fulica (giant African snail) 132, 877 Acheta assimilis (field cricket) 94, ~ 397, 616, 751, 819, 833, 839, 875, 942, 970 Acheta domestica (house cricket) 280, Acleris variana (black-headed budworm) Roan age Acontia dacia (brown cotton leafworm) 7, 726, 820, 876, 972, 1117 Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut casebearer) 208, 254, 331, 457, 538, 905, 1115 Acrobasis caryivorella (a casebearer) Acrobasis ed (pecan leaf casebearer) Acrolepia assectella (leek moth) 819 Acronicta rumicis (phalaenid) 494 Acrosternum hilare (eeentetink bug) 165, 403, 60 8 2 5 ? ? Actebia fennica (black army cutworm) 481 Adelphocoris spp. (plant bugs) 535 Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) , vo, 67, , 399, 535, 598, 639, 1034, 1068, 1102 Adelphocoris superbus 639, 726, 796 Adoretus sp. (a Scarabaeid) 159 Adoxophyes orana a tortricid) 417 Adoxophyes prana 157 Aedes spp. (mosquitoes) 167, 776, 943 Aedes canadensis 388, 493 Aedes cinereus 466, 493 Aedes dorsalis 911, 1051 Aedes infirmatus 726 Aedes intrudens 523 Aedes nigromaculus 911, 955 Aedes punctor 523 Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosquito) 643, 673, es 875, 1090 Mos Aedes sticticus (floodwater mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus 875 Aedes trichurus 523 Aedes trivittatus 15 Aedes vexans 415, 493, 643, 911, 955, 1051 Ageneotettix deorum (grasshopper) 421 494, 629, 104 B ‘ Agonoderus lecontei (seed-corn beetle 162, 271, 290, 291, 394, 472, 616, 1033 Agonoderus lineolus 616 Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer) 491, 750, 873, 909, 1011, 1036 = 10 < SCIENTIFIC NAMES Agriotes sp. (wireworm) 390, 1010 Agriotes lineatus 247, 390 Agriotes mancus (wheat wireworm) 375, 7 Agriotes obscurus 247 “Agrius aoe (sweetpotato horn- monn , 307, 390, 407, 418, Agroiconota bivittata (a sweetpotato beetle) 461, 515, 546, 637 Aqromyza parvicornis (corn blotch leaf miner, q ei ein ; ) Agrotis qladiaria (clay-backed cutworm 8 325, 340, 346, 374, 385, 394, 425, 454 Agrotis malefida (pale-sided cutworm) pee 18, eh ant ae 510 qrotis orthogonia (pale western cut- worm) 184, 197, 350, 426, 454, 473, 507, 533, 602, 1047 Agrotis ypsilon (black cutworm) 50, 55, 159, 160, 197, 217, 233, 268, 271, 290, 295, 306, 325, 355, Alabama arqillacea (cotton leafworm) 8 lof Saree , 131, 167, 171, 185, 206, 241, 282, 302, 465, 726, 746, 773, 795, 816, 834, 835, 852, 871, 909, Oe 1118 ‘ Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly, 738, O57 Aleurocybotus n. Sp. (a whitefly) 848 Aleurolobus rhododendri (aleyrodid) ae Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm 148, 462, 582, 612, 699, 1011, 1063, 1099 Altica sp. (a fen beetle) 404, a) 5 Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle) 93 aS i Alypia octomaculata (eight-spotted forester) 740 _ Amathes spp. (cutworms) 993 Amathes ee (spotted cutworm) 418, 466 8 ? a Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) , 236, 260, 318, 364, 435, 552, 584; 702) 925, 1029 Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) (a amit nasutus (a bug) 352 Amphimallon majalis (European chafer) 479, 538, 613, 645, 702, 828 Am ~— hora azaleae (an azalea aphid) Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket) 48,195, Se ia 393, 421, 439, 500, 567, 592, 622, 682, 1046 Se pergracilis (a geometrid) ? Anadyrus antoninae (a parasite) 957 Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips) 1067 Anaphothrips striatus 615 Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer) 164, , 376, 403, 537, 689, 767, 789, 1010, a ye Anasa armigera (horned squash bug) ; 1069 Anasa tristis (squash bug) 11, 17, 89, 93, 136, 166, 186, 295, 332, 358, 510, 602, 631, 692, 719, 768, 790, 813, 832, 851, 869, 977, 1004, 1012, 1034, 1069, 1091, 1116 Anastrepha sp. (a fruit fly) 586, 703 Anastrepha fraterculus 586 nastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) 27, 82, , 154, 202, 255, 293, 379) 458, 575, 586, 689, 703, 767, 866, 893 Anastrepha mombinpraeoptans 293, 586, 703 Anastrepha Serpentina 293, Anastrepha Sua 293 ( Ancylis com a fragariae (strawberry leaf roller) 315, 358. 383, 411, 432, 485, Anicla infecta (a cutworm) 301 Anisodactylus sp, (a carabid) 926 Anisolabis maritima (an earwig) 486, 546 Anisota rubicunda (green-striped maple- : worm 5 a a 611, 641, oe ee Anobium punctatum (a powder post beetle: Tee Anomaea laticlavia (a leaf beetle) 671 Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 698 Anopheles freeborni (a mosquito) 955 Anoplodera nitens (a cerambycid) 336 Anormenis septentrionalis (a fulgorid) 458 Anthonomus sp. (a weevil) 979 Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil) 771, 833, ake ak GS Anthonomus qrandis (boll weevil) 29, 86, 91. aA tite 206, 240, 282,'298; ” 302, 316, 337, 360, 383, 384, 41 436, 484) 487, 488, 519, 520, 546, 547, 579, 580, 607, 608, 637, 638, 865, 668, 695, 698, 724, 744; 771, 772, 794; 814, 833, 834, 852 871, 908, 922’ 970, 10247, 1028, 1/18 Anthonomus musculus (cranberry weevil) 330 Anthonomus scutellaris (plum gouger) (Oy ? Anthonomus signatus (strawberry weevil) » 297, 314, 358, 515, 800 Anthophila pariana (apple and thorn skeletonizer) 886, 1081 Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle) SEELLOO Anthrenus verbasci (varied carpet beetle) 184, Anticarsia gemmatilis (velvetbean cater- pul a) 88, 206, 282, 572, 654, 686, 714, 738, 786, 809, 846, 884, 903, 919, 932, En 4 ) Antonina graminis (Rhodes-grass scale, 572, 628, 655, 687, 809, 937, 966, 1002, Near ae) SER, AG Anuraphis bakeri (clover aphid ere 737, 762, 863, 882, 1068, 1100 Arirappls maidi-radicis (Corn root aphid) 4 Anuraphis ersicae-ni er (black peach y onid) 225, 235 ? Anuraphis roseus (rosy apple aphid) 16,73, Ted. , 292, 310, 329, 353, 402, 456, 509, 574, 630, 717, 1009, 1071, 1089, 1103 Anuraphis viburnicola (snowball aphid) 492 Anuraphis viburniphila (virburnum aphid) sume muticus (a burrowing cricket) Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale) , 1bd, 216, 312, 403, 601,967 Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) 23, 689 Onidiella orientalis 336 Apanteles sp. (a parasite) 424 Apanteles marqiniventris 340 anteles militaris Aphelinus (parasite) 1054 Aphidius testaceipes (a parasite) 348,438, Aphis sp. 271, 307, 663 ’ Aphis abbreviata (buckthorn aphid) 408, Aphis fabae (bean aphid) 135, 603, 659, Aphis forbesi (strawberry root aphid) 1 4 ? , 7 Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid, melon aphid) 65, 167, 170, 177, 185, 1 206, 257, 259, 280, 295, 313, 412, 437, 461, 464, 488, 521° 548, 578, 668, 698, 719, 747, 791, 888, 907, 940, 977, 1049, 1 OP Aphis hederae (ivy aphid) 336 fable his lutescens 336, 1052 phis medicaginis (cowpea pana) 159, 235, 361, y , , 437, 464, 488, 1024 Aphis nasturtii (also called abbreviata) Aphi ates pia) 18 73, 164 s pomi (apple ap Ser 273. 292, 310, 456, 481,” 537, 599, 630, 717, 885, 1071, 1088, 1103 Aphis sepfaescs (spirea aphid) 630, see sp. (a scarabaeid) 375,536 us pardalis (a scarabaeid) 536 ora parallela bine spittlebug) 5 ; , 490, 516, 698 Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga Spittlebug) rT 150, 670, 748 Aphthona coerulea (a chrysomelid) 776 Apion longirostre (a weevil) 524 pis mellifers (honey bee) 283 pterona crenulella (a psychid) 764, , Archips argyrospila (fruit tree leaf 28 er) 60, , 329, 403, 600, 7 Archips rosaceana (oblique-banded leaf 9 Ee (a filbert 1 lier) Archips rosana (a filbert leaf roller tae ( ) 340 Arch: cirphis (a parasite. rdis sp. (a Se tad ne Argas persicus (fowl tic 108 1090 ae re Arge rosae (a sawfly) 417 resthia sp. (a hyponomeutid) 494 Argyresthia cupressella (a leaf miner) Argyroploce leucotreta (an olethreutid) oF, 1045 Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix) 690, 717, 759, aay ; Argyrotaenia pinatubana (pine tube moth) RPA 517 Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded leaf roller) 16, 70, 137, 164, 183, 225, 254, 272, 329, 354, 377, 403, 457, 480, 508, 574, 601, 630, 691, 767, 830, 849, 920, 979, 993, 1009, 1071, 1089, 1103 Arilus cristatus (wheel bug) 751 Aristotelia fragariae (strawberry crown miner) 607 Arrhenodes minutus (oak timberworm) Ascia monuste (a cabbage caterpillar) Asciodes gordialis pevrzaiio) ore a Aspidiotus ane us tnam scale n Aspidiotus californicus (black Pine leaf scale) 491 ( ae Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale Aspidiotus forbesi (Forbes scale) 17 , 165, 208, 215, 481, 509, 574, 790, 1035, 1089, ee ast Aspidiotus juglans-regiae (walnut scale; Aspidiotus lataniae xa Be Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale 62 ob 100, 125, 208, 216, 254, 330, 690, 1097, 1112, 1114 Aspidiotus taxodii 873 Sahl = Aspidiotus uvae 830 Asterolecanium arabidis (a scale) 227 Asterolecanium minus 643 Asterolecanium puteanum 185 Asterolecanium variolosum (golden oak scale! Atta spp. (leaf cutting ants) 302 Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting ant) a 64, 213, ay, 967, San ttagenus alfierii (a dermestid) 777 Attagenus piceus (black carpet beetle) Pf 184 Atteva aurea (ailanthus webworm) 439, Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper) 529, ~~ 565, 501, 621, 731, 805, 1046 Autographa sp. eae: ae Autographa biloba (a looper) 439, 493 Autographa californica (alfalfa looper) F r 7 86, a 1027 a simplex (a looper) 466, Automeris io (io moth) 924 Autoplusia eqena (bean leaf skele- tonizer 8 Autoserica castanea (Asiatic garden eetle. 184, 514, 771 = Be Barathra brassicae (a cabbage moth) 856 Baris lepidii (a weevil) 85, 390 Bdellonyssus bursa (tropical fowl mite) Bdellonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl mite) 24, 59, iat 1006, 1100 Bembecia marginata (raspberry root orer) 50. 607, 664 Benacus griseus (a water bug) 524 Bigonicheta setipennis (earwig parasite) Blapstinus spp. (darkling beetles) 177 —SPSTED. 337, 385, 486 : Blapstinus castaneus (a darkling beetle) wee. germanica (German cockroach) ? Blissus n. near occiduus (a chinch Blis Rte (chinch bug) 45, 88 sus leucopterus (chinch bug, meen, te 169; , 182, 207, 241, 267, 305, 324, 345, 374, 375, 398, 451 474, 502, 532, 569, 596, 624, 653, 684, 734, 783, 806, 845, 902, 932, 1023, 1033, 1101 =) ag Blissus leucopterus insularis (a chine bu 64 271 ; , , 422, 455, 507, 629, 715, 738, 759, 783, 848, 1002 Bovicola bovis ae biting louse) 59, Bovicola ovis (sheep biting louse) 204 Brachycerus albidentatus (a weevil) aa algirus 46 rachycolus tritici (an aphid) 49 rachyrhinus sp. (curculionid) 301, , COV, 742 Brachyrhinys ligustici (alfalfa snout beetle) a8 Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry root weevil) 71, 411, 607, 613, 664, 721, 794, 800, 941, 1048 Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus ( a straw- ae root weevil) 607, 1048, 1064 Brachyrhinus sulcatus (black vine weevil) 411, 4 , 333, 411, 492, 607, 793, 980, 1036, 1048 Brachystola magna ene grasshopper) , , 681, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) 7, SE oS, a7 OS , 83, 101, 131, 138, 165, 183, 198, 222, 255, 276, 332, 356, 410, 602, 659, 693, 791, 812, 831, 869, 921, 939, 952, 976, 1012, 1026, 1043, 1062, 1089 Brevipalpus lewisi (a mite) 1024 Brachidins incarnatus (a bruchid) 319, SCOR. Bruchophagus gibbus (clover seed atu chalcid) 67, 195, 506. 627, 713, 1012, 1047 Bruchus brachialis (vetch bruchid) 164, 3, ' , 786, 918, 1010, 1034, 1119 Bruchus dentipes 752 Bruchus ervi 751 Bruchus lentis 751, 752 Bruel pisorum (pea weevil) 459, 577, ? Bruchus siqnaticornis 751 Bruchus tristis Bryobia sp. (a mite) 185, 186, 215, 573 Bryobia praetiosa( clover mite) 51, 62, 81, 90, 155, 175, 184, 195, 220, 226, 239, 261, 275, 280, 301, 318, 319, 328, 364, 389, 402, 428, 456, 524, 616, 629, 716, 855, 864, 942, 958, 1013, 1037, 1048, 1100, 1106 Bucculatrix sp, (a cotton leaf perforator) Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak skeletonizer) (i ? Bucculatrix canadensisella (birch skele- tonizer, Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton leaf per- orator, > 301, 386, 639, 698,746, 798, 852, 871, 889, 954, 972, 1627 sich Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper) 271 == 880, 308, 403, 882 ‘ aalacatus adornatus S ate) 219 endra spp. (billbugs) 162, 207, 346 "0005, (304), 421, 5b02 a aman Calendra maidis (maize billbug) 87, 308, Calendra minima 626 Calendra ochreus 531 alendra pa a 502, 865, 919 Calendra phoeniciensis 301, 687 Calepitrimerus muesebecki (a rust mite) Caliroa cerasi (pear-slug) 50, 457, 537, ~~ 600, 657, 690, 740, 867, 960, 1048 Callidium sp. (a round-headed borer) 1084 Callirhytis lanata (a woolly oak gall) 1005 Callisto geminatella (a leaf miner) 1062, Callitroqa hominivorax (screw-worm) 53, 58 ot 170, S19, 387, 435, 465, 523, 553, 614, 727, 775, 818, 838, 875 Callitroga macellaria (secondary screw- worm i) Calocalp undulata (a moth) 690 Calomycterus setarius (a weevil) 737, 839 Calosoma scrutator (a carabid) 388 Calpodes ethlius (larger canna leaf roller) 699, 837 — , Camnula pellucida (clear-winged grasshopper) 66, ITT, 529, 565, 567, 591, 592, 621, 649, 681, 707, 731, 757, 805, 825, 959, 1046, 1073 Camponotus herculeanus. v. a (black carpenter a ) Capitophorus fragaefolii (strawberry aphid) as 410, 235 664 Capitophorus ribis (currant aphid) 790, 1049 arneocephala triguttata (a leafhopper} 534 Carpocapsa eraonelia Coe iec 16, 65, 73, 136, 164, 183, 203, 215, 225, 241, 253, 291, 310, 328, 352, 376, 389, 402, 428, 456, 481, 508, 536, 573, 599, 629, 656, 688, 715, 739, 765, 789, 810, 829, 849, 865, 885, 920, 979, 1009, 1013, 10465, . 6 1048, 1071, Le ee ane ae arpophilus dimidiatus (corn sap beetle! res, 625, 710, oF 760 . Carpophilus hemipterus (dried-fruit c Sone 5 a ( ) arpophilus lugubris (a corn sap beetle. 134, 782, 106 Carposina sasakii (a peach fruit borer) 646 Caryomyia caryaecola (a gall midge) 968 Caryomyia tubicola 968 Cassida sp. (a chrysomelid) 159 Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm) 29 349, 685, 714, 736, 760, eye Boon 848, 864) 882, 918) 951, 959, 965, Colletes Sp. (a bee) 176 Collops sp. (a predaceous beetle) 818 Collops vittatus 891 9. phe ulmicola (elm cockscomb gall) 74 Compsus auricephalus (a weevil) 489 Comstockiella sabalis (a scale insect) al Conoderus amplicollis (Gulf wireworm) Conoderus aversus 1098 Conoderus bellus 246, 1099 Conoderus exsul 245, 246 Conoderus laurenti 244 Conoderus lividus 1098 Conoderus rudis 246, 1099 Conoderus vagus 90, 101, 178, 244, 245, 513, 1098, 1099 ( Conoderus vespertinus (tobacco wire- porn) a7, 333, 359, 410, 433, 1091 Conotelus mexicanus (a nitidulid) 972 Conotrachelus aguacate (an avocado wee eee nenuphar (plum curculio) 3, 3, 137, 164, 183, 7. 206,” 208, 225,’ 241,’ 273,’ 275, 292, 310, 329, 353, 377, 402, 428, 456, 480, 508; 537, 574, 600, 630, 691, 767, 849° 865, 1009, 1055, 1071, 1075, 1089, 1103, 111 4 Conozoa Sp. (a grasshopper) 565 Contarinia Conlarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge) Corcure ee eplalonica (a rice moth) 1064, Ganistiees spinicornis (a cerambycid) Corimelaena pulicaria (negro bug) 598 Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) 463, 670, 1071, 1088 Corythucha marmorata (chrysanthemum a lace bug) 93 ossula ma fica pecan carpenter- SSeRRT OTN 354 Cotinis nitida (green June pectle) 16, 88, 65, 207, 218, 277, 314, 644, 689; 729° 767, 933, 1034 Cotinis texana (a fig beetle) 280, 717, Eco Saaea Crambus spp. (webworms) 472, 919, 1033 Crambus bonifatellus (a sod webworm) 788 Crambus caliginosellus (corn root web- worm) 183, 346, 473 Crambus teterrellus (bluegrass webworm) 176, 480, 827 Crematogaster lineolata (an ant) 94 Cremnops vulgaris (a braconid) 839 ae spp. (asparagus beetles) 11, 87 356, 417, Criscgnis aspara i (asparag. mee) iis 56, 487, 514, 7 o0e: 663, ee 976, 1050, 1040, Crioceris duodecimpunctata (eee asparagus beste) at 487, 578, 870, 976, 1050, Cryptoblabes qnidiella ta, Freie) 261 ye (e] orhynchus a (poplar and willow borer) 749 Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (prairie grain wireworm) 51 Ctenicera pruinina noxia (Great Basin wireworm ten ee aes canis (dog flea) 553, 615, Gtenocephalides felis felis (cat flea) 435, 615, Culex sp. (a mosquito) 524 Culex pi piens 980, 1090 Culex quin uefasciatus (southern house "mosquito Culex restuans 388 Culex farsalis” arsalis 91h, 955, eae icoides spp. (sand flies 300 Curculio™ auragee (smali chestnut weevil) Curculio sur cure aeuae (pecan weevil) 8, 208, Curculio robosideus (large chestnut weevil) 1 Cycloce bala sp. (chafers) 710, 903, 950, 1034 Cyclocephala borealis (northern masked ciate) 75, 397, 919, 937, 1088, Cyclocephala immaculata (southern masked chafer) 58, 169, 536 Cylas formicarius (a weevil) 9 Cylas formicarius elegantulus (sweet- potato weevil) 606, 637, 870, 952, 968, 1027, 1084, 1098 Cylas puncticollis 9’ Cyrtepistomus castaneus (a weevil) 226, 7, 799, 1071 Cyrtopeltis modesta (a mirid) 635 Czenspinskia lordi (a mite) 18 =p Dactylopius tomentosus (a scale) 9 Dacus sp. (a fruit fly) 524 Dacus cucurbitae (melon fly) 524, 703 Dacus dorsalis (oriental fruit fly) 27,524, Dacus_ oleae (olive fruit fly) 525 Dasyneura gentneri (a midge) 884 Dasyneura lequminicola (clover seed —mmidge) 67, 657 Datana Datana ptegeerina (w (wate! caterpillar) a3 905° Bisset (a Datana major (azalea caterpillar) 210, ang malar : Datana ministra (yellow-necked cater- pillar) 16, 137, 165, 699, 717, 749, 774, 07 Dendroctonus spp. $01, 238, 641, 748, 872, 111 Dendroctonus barberi (southwestern pine eetle) 1 Dendroctonus brevicomis (western pine beetle) 143° ( , Dendrotonus engelmanni (Engelmann spruce beetle’ we frontalis souere pine 19,278, eetle) 92, 145, 156, 365, 414, 872, 923, *96d. “ial, 111 Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine beetle) aol aan Dendroctonus monticolae (mountain pine eetle) 1 Dendroctonus onderosae (Black Hills beetle) 1 5, 1014, 1052 Dendroctonus me ae (Douglas-fir i beetle) 120: DDL Dendroctonus simplex (eastern larch beetle ae terebrans (black turpen- tine beetle) 92, 145, 209, 299, 335, 414, 700, 872 Dendrothrips ornatus 301, 1088 Derelomus basalis (a weevil) 748 Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) 131, i ac60; Qe, 1559 1029, 1044, 1064 Dermacentor variabilis (American do ic 5 , 363, 388, 416, 493, 523, 584, 615, 855, 980, 1036 Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite) Dermatobia hominis (human bot fly) 302 Desmia funeralis lGrape leaf folder)657, 717, 740, 830, 968, 1115 Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworms) 162, 604, , 760 Diabrotica balteata (banded cucumber eetle) 3, 569, 632, 814, 851, 888, 907, 950, ee 1025 ; Diabrotica longicornis (corn rootworm ee 595, em 683, 684, 710, 734, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (western spotted cucumber beetle) 159, 203, a 503, 602, 737 i ; Diabrotica un Sea owardi (spotted 159, 168, 198, 214, 276, ‘290, 294, 305, 346, 358, 369, 400, 431; 451, 472, 485, 501, 532; 568, 595, 6277 631, 652, 683, 684, 710, 719, 760, 769, 869, 870, 888, 905, 940, 977, Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella 1050 Diabrotica viegit era (western corn root- worm fF , 652, 710, 734 Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) 254, 387 Diaphania spp. (pickleworms) 793 Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm) 295, 577, Diaphania nitidalis (pickleworm) 17,70, 89, Se , Dil, 540, 658, 743; 813, 888, 905, 921 Diapheromera femorata (walkingstick) 68, 71, 149, 699, 837, 910, 1011, 1088 ? 2. Diarthronomyia h aea (chrysanthemum gall cites) Toa Diaspis carueli (juniper scale) 75, 551 Seales ° Diaspis simmondsiae (a scale) 9 Diaspis townsendi Diatraea spp. (cornstalk borers) 623, 760, 826, 917, 947, 965 Diatraea crambidoides (southern corn- s borer Tat ee, 6 Diatraea grandiose southwestern corn- s oa) 99, 153, 161, 168 186,197, 221, 232, 241, 267, S89, 305, 344, 376, 389, 394, 421, 450, 472, 568, 594, 623, 651, 684, 709 760, 784, 845, 862, 917, 935, 936, 947, 1001, 1114 Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer) 7 : , 370, 401, 450, 532, 764, 807, 845, 986, 1023, 1114 Dichomeris marginella (juniper web- worm) 7, > 415, 1036 Dichomeris rustica (a gelechid) 1064 Dichromorpha viridis (a grasshopper) Dicyphus minimus (suckfly ) 603, 635, Dikraneura sp. (a leafhopper) 234 Dikraneura carneola 214, 271, 455, ? , 7 Dinoderus minutus (a bostrichid) 912 a a (a cone moth) 836 Diprion hercyniae (European spruce : sawily) B00- Diprion simile (introduced pine saw- fly) 68, 70, 489, 670, 837, 890 Dissosteira carolina (Carolina grass- Paneisie Gecteietor (potato rot Ditylenchus destructor (po ro! ‘ nematode) 70 Dracaenura sp. (a pyraustid) 159 Drepanoplerna sp. (grasshoppers) eres sp. (a vinegar gnat) 17,438 hile mel 1036 ue , Drosophila melanogaster Dyscinetus trachypyqus (a rice beetle) Dysdercus spp. eee atainers) 302 Dysdercus suturellus (cotton s er 74 Dyspessa ulula (a cossid) 281 =-13- =< Ecdytolopha insiticiana (locust twi borer) 643 2 Echidnophaga gallinacea (sticktight flea) Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser corn- stalk baron 15, 88, 90, 99, 206, 734, 763, 787, 793, 809, 826, 847, 864, 868, 882, 887, 901, 907, 9177 918, 932, 947, 986, 988, 1023, 1025, 1041, 1059, 1114 Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers) 459, 505 seers, 576, 606, 969, 1043 pmpoasca pl unctata (a leafhopper) 1051 mpoasca bas (potato leafhopper) 16 ae Bree ppe 2 2, 2 , 2 2 4, ? 847, 864, 902) 938; 979, 980, 1010, 1034, 1068, 1090, 1103, 1121 Empoasca filamenta (a leafhopper) 632 tte 770, 85 50, 1047, 1680 : mpoasca Solana (southern garden leafhopper) 726, 969, 1082 Endria inimica (a leafhopper) 828 Eomenacanthus stramineus (chicken ody louse! Botetranychus tiliarum (a linden mite) 836 Eotetranychus willamettei (spider mite ) Ephestia sp. 210 Ephestia cautella (almond moth) 874 Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth) 668 Epicaerus sp. (a2 weevil) 18, 181 Epicauta spp. (blister beetles) 163 165, 183, 209, 314, 380, 542, 543, 578, 597, 654, 662, 686, 694, 700, 713, 720, 738, 763, 774, 786, 813, 873, 888, 1012, 1034, 1070 Epicauta cinerea (clematis blister beetle Epicauta conferta 604 Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister beetles) 627 “Sh Epicauta lemniscata (three-striped blister beetle) 486 Epicauta longicollis 572 Epicauta faaeinka (spotted blister beetle ) 627 Epicauta pennsylvanica (black blister eetie ? Epicauta pestifera (margined blister beetle ) 694, ite Epicauta strigosa 738, 748 Epichorista ionophela (a tortricid) 417 Epilachna borealis (squash beetle) 136, a 540, 631, 658, 692, 790, 1069 Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) 11, 17, 30, 31, 57, 88, 93, 135, 165, 186, 209, 282, 295, 313, 331, 357, 381, 406, 429, 458, 482, 511, 541, 576, 603, 633, 659, 692, 714, 718, 743, 768, 791, 813, 851, 887, 905, 938, 966, 976, 993, 1010, 1012, 1050, 1069, 1091, 1105 Epinotia meritana (fir needle miner) Epinotia nanana (a spruce needle miner) 492 Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite)688 Epitrix spp.(flea beetles) 49, 226, 483, 13 Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) 53, 74, 136, 183, 355, 380, 409, 430, 483, 542, 575, 604, 634, 693, 741, 978, 1033, 1069 Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) tHe ( beetle) Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea beetle 87, 136, 205, 258, 315, 333, 359, 380, 404, 433, 460, 486, 579, 604, 635, 662, 694, 720, 811 Epitrix subcrinita (western potato flea beetle) 404 Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle) 57, 459 = , 661, 693, 720, 812°” ? -Epochra canadensis (currant fruit fly) 50 Ma eons ates Ereta sp. (a pyraustid) 159 Eriococcus n. sp, (a scale) 972 Eriococcus azaleae (azalea bark scale) cee pyri (pear leaf blister mite) 50, Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm aphid) [10 1 , Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) 6h 154, 315 , 272, 311, 463, 537, 612, 1004, 1047 Erythroneura spp. (leafhoppers) 354, 601, Erythroneura elegans 1048 Erythroneura elegantula 690 Erythroneura lawsoniana 328 Erythroneura variabillis 235, 886 Erythroneura ziczac (Virginia-creeper a Teafhopper) pt 960, 1048 stigmene acrea (salt-marsh caterpillar) 5 47, 269, 296, 302, 326, 331, 394, 466, 493, 546, 606, 637, 816, 835, 854, 870, 871, 889, 908, 933, ae Pt aba, ae 1061 iella zinckenella (lima-bean pod borer) 938 Euborellia cincticollis (an earwig) 220 uborellia S Eucoptus depressus (a coconut weevil) Eucosma conomana (a shoot borer) 68 Eucosoma sp. uetheola rugiceps (sugarcane beetle ) 88, 2 71, 305, 346, 369, 394,. 450, 465, 473, 531, 624, 814, 962 Eulia sp. (a tortricid) 365 ee aniercues laingi (a ground pearl) Eumerus tuberculatus (lesser bulb fly) 4 2 Euphoria inda (bumble flower beetle) 301 Euphoria sepulcaralis 301 Euplectrus plathypenae (a parasite) 340 Eurygaster integriceps (a pentatomid) 912 Eurytoma orchidearum (orchidfly) 339 Euscepes postfasciatus (West Indian Sweetpotato weevil) 9 Euschistus sp, (a pentatomid) 655 Euschistus servus (a stink bug) 433, 509, ol oe Euschistus tristigmus 311, 829 Euschistus variolarius 311, 829 Eutetranychus banksi (a spider mite) 404 Euthyrhynchus floridanus (a stink bug)536 Eutrom Sans alfreddugesi (chigger) 58, ae ok Euxoa detersa (a Sy aetay 507 Euxoa ochrogaster (red-backed cutworm 49, aaa 355, 405, 460, 484 Everes comyntas (a butterfly) 163 Evergestis rimosalis (cross-striped cabbageworm) 356, 693 Exenterus canadensis (sawfly parasite) ie sui Exorista sp. (a tachinid) 47 Exoteleia pinifoliella (pine needle miner) 12 Sie Fannia spp. (house flies) 981 Fannia canicularis (little house fly) 364, 4 3 > Feltia subgothica (dingy cutworm) 268, 306, 374 , Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm) 5 , 197, 217, 290, 295, 331, 355, 405, 418, 439, 466, 493, 970 Fenusa pusilla (birch leaf miner) 362, 51, , 668, 817, 872, 910, 1011 Fenusa ulmi (elm leaf miner) 518 Filatina sp. (a gelechiid) 317 Fiorinia sp. (a tea scale) 775, 1119 Fiorinia theae 180, 386 Forficula auricularia (European earwig) 13, » 319, 364, 551, 584, 642, 672, 700, 717, 750, 777, 819, 837, 873, 890, 1070, 1086 Frankliniella spp. (thrips) 170, 178, 296, Race CH ce abbl? 3 ies Frankliniella formosae 417 Heliothis armigera (corn earworm, boll- Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) 455, worm) Te 15, 17, 28, 29, 32, 49, 56, weevil) Tor 129, 11, 213, 287308 ~ oe BONG eas) 70, 74, 86, 87, 89, 90, 94, 134, 160, Hypera meles (a clover weevil) 88, 90, Frankliniella insularis 271 166, 167, 171, 176, 177, 182, 185, 203, 207, 326, 347, 1102 Frankliniella moultoni 47, 217 205, 206, 209, 219, 234, 253, 267, 277, Hypera niqrirostris (lesser clover leaf Frankliniella occidentalis 62, 81, 196, 279, 280, 282, 288, 289, 290, 294, 302, weevil) 49, 55, 88, 196, 207, 232 TREES} 306, 324) 345, 360, 370, 380, 390,395, 326, 347, 371, 476, 506, 535, 627, Frankliniella tritici (flower thrips) 278, 418, 422, 430, 439, 450, 466, 472, 493, 785, 1034, 1068, 1087, 1102, 1112 , B77, 660, 1009, 1070, 1105 500, 530, 542, 568, 594, 603, 623, 634, Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) 14, 52, 55, 650, 662, 683, 709, 733, 741, 758,769, as Ne 175, 182, 195, 213, 291, 332, 782, 806, 811, 815, 825, 826, 832, 834, 242, 251, 269, 288, 308, 326, 347, =@c 845, 847, 861, 868, 881, 887, 901,907, 371, 399, 426, 453, 478, 506, 535, 917, 931, 939, 947, 965, 969, 971,977, 598, 628, 653, 713, 736, 902, 918, Galerucella xanthomelaena (elm leaf 986, 988, 1007, 1010 1012, 1013, 1026, 978, 1012, 1046, 1068, eetle) 12, 30, 85, , 166, 184, 210, 258, 317, 364, 386, 414, 463, 491) 551, 583, 611, 641, 669, 701, 722, 748, 775, 798, 837, 876, 910, 980, 1036. 1051, 1071, 1088, 111 Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) 958 Garqaphia solani (eggplant lace bug) 771, Gastrophysa cyanea (a leaf beetle) 94 Geceonis Sp. ‘a nabid) 891 Gibbium psylliodes (a spider beetle) 18 nominee bern operculella (potato yo 17, Bal, 604, 693, uberworm) 9, 5 741, 792, 832, 874, 922, 940, 970, 1026, 1050, 1091 Gonodonta bidens (a fruit piercing moth) SENOS Gossyparia spuria (European elm scale) aaa £3, 6 69, 799, 1013 Gracilaria nequndella (boxelder leaf roller) 399. 463, 1051 3 Graphognathus spp. (white-fringed beetles) 89, 94, 282, 401, 455, 479, 489, 655, 788, 1086 Grapholitha interstinctana (clover e Gaterptae) 653 Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit tebe moth) 89, 99, 164, 203, 205, 208, 242, 275, 310, 329, 353, 376, 401, 428) 457; 508, 574, 600, 630, 689, 765, 789, 830, 849, 866, 867, 885, 904 919; $79, 1010, 1071, 1104 Grapholitha packardi (cherry fruitworm) pholith : se eeal (ies 1 Grapho. a prunivora (lesser apple- worm) ' , 904 Gretchena bolliana (pecan bud moth) Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (an olethreutid) 9 Gynaikothrips ficorum (a thrips)259,318 = Hie Haematopinus spp. (cattle lice) 59, 776 Haematopinus adventicius (hog louse) » 416, 492, 750, 800, 1051, 1090 » 8, , 206, 278, 289, 297, eet 359, 439, 466, 493, a eliothrips haemorrhoidalis (greenhouse thrips) 1025 Hellula rogatalis (cabbage webworm) 405 ease, 059, 063, 1036 : Hemerocampa leucostigma (white-marked Biseock moth) 69, 642, 670, 699, 1072 Hemerocampa pseudotsugata (Douglas- ir tussock moth) "ot Hemerocampa vetusta (western tussock moth) TA, 537 Hemicrepidius memnonius (a wireworm) Hepialus sp. (a moth) 390 Hepialus humuli 390 Hepialus Tupulinus 390 eterotermes convexinotatus (a termite) Heterocampa guttivitta (saddled pro- toinent) 738 Heterocampa manteo (variable oak leaf caterpillar) 30, 92, 148, 836 Heterodera rostochiensis (golden nema- tode) 23 Heterodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nema- ode. Heteroderes nicholsi 244 Hexagenia Sp. (an ephemerid) 672 Hippelates collusor (an eye gnat) 180 Hippodamia ee, (convergent lady beetle) 47, » 348, 438 Hippopsis lemniscata (a cerambycid) 788, Homadaula albizziae (mimosa webworm) F , 210, 434, 584, 611, 643, 6171, 700, 750, 799, 817, 1071, 1088 Homoesoma electellum (Sunflower moth) Sabrapree Hoplia sp. (a beetle) 1027 Hoplia trifasciata (a beetle) 481 Hoplocampa cookei (cherry fruit sawfly) Hoplocampa testudinea (European apple sawfly) 354 Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wireworm) 87 , 966, 978, e 1073, 1080, 1086 ’ lypera punctata (clover leaf weevil) 55, 172, 136, 150, 163, 182, 221, 232, 243, 251, 268, 288, 308, 325, 347, 372, 400, 426, 979, ee 1046, pues ‘ Hypermallus villosus (an oak pruner) 69) ee eee 3 Hyperodes sp. (a weevil)181 Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) 12, 71, a 165, 166, 184, 203, 208, 225, 378, 538, 550, 583, 610, 670, 722, im que 797, foe ae . aren ypoderma spp. (cattle gurbs 1120 gut ’ ? 7 5 " Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub) 5 » 156, 168, 280, 300. 416, 701, 800, 891, 1013, 1064 Hyposoter exiquae (a parasite) 340 == costalis (clover hayworm) Tee Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion scale) 208, [;415, 631, 987, 1084 Ichneumon cupitus (a parasite) 340 Ichneumon laetus 340 Idiarthron astrispinum (a long horned grasshopper) 3502 Imma sp. (a glyphipterygid) 159 Ips spp. (bark beetles) 209, 238, 278, 99, 317, 335, 641, 669, 748, 797, 872, 941, 1112 Ips cailigraphus ieee beetle) 92, 612, Ips pini (pine engraver) 516° Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) 202, Ischiodontus qranosus (a wireworm) 1098 Ishnapsis longirostris (black thread scale Ixodes ricinus scapularis (black-legged tick) 364, Tope) Bees Keiferia jucopersicella (tomato pinworm) Ki Jubescens (a scale) 92, 335 ermes pubescens (a scale eed, 463, 58 5 583, 612 Gata Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed satis Touse) 64, , 1051 Haemolaelaps megaventralis (a para- orer) 484, 719 Sitic mite’ Hyalopteroides dactylidis (an aphid) 225, 301 -L- Halisidota argentata (a tussock moth) 317 Hyalopterus arundinis (mealy plum aphid)655 Halticus bracteatus (garden fleahopper) ish arellia riseola (a rice leaf miner) 536 314, 5 » 1070 Hylastinus obscurus (clover root borer) 73, Hamamelistes spinosus (an aphid) 414 182, dla, 653, 713, 736, 948, Labops hesperus (a plant bug) 48 Haplothrips distalis (a thrips) 1052 949, 1034, 1102 macho us floridanus (a weevil) 655 Harmolita tritici (wheat jointworm) 49, Hylemya antiqua (onion maggot) 11, 31,50, Lachnus sp. (a willow aphid) 873 162, 503, 1047 203, 209, 357, 407, 432, 461, Lachnus saliqnus (a willow aphid)68, 722 Hulstia undulatella (sugar-beet crown Labia minor (an earwig) 644 Labidura riparia (an earwig) 885, 919 2 2 2 oe Harrisina americana (grape leaf skele- 485, 514, 546, 606, 960, 977, 1010 Lacinipolia renigera (a moth) 493 tonizer) 830 Hylemya brassicae (cabbage maggot) 11, 31, Laemo GEE Sp. (a grain beetle) 924, Harrisina brillians (western grape leaf 3, 6 0, 209, 331, 356, 382, 1008 skeletonizer) 482, 631, 850, 1048. 405, 509, 539, 577, 602, 832, 744, Harrisina metallica 867 791, 976, 1010 = (an avocado seed weevil) Hylemya cilicrura (seed-corn maggot) 17, Laemophloeus pusillus (flat grain weetpestie) 1044 Lambdina sp. (a pine looper) 836 1 24, 29, 31, 55, 93, 130, 131, 169, Lampides boeticus (a lycaenid) 417, 1007 Heliothis spp. 30, 86, 91, 241, 315, 182, 197, 200, 209, 257, 271, 276, Lap. — exempta (nutgrass armyworm) 337, 359, 360, 382, 384, 410, 288, 290, 294, 305, 313, 346, 362, 9 ; 412, 433, 436, 465, 486, b 375, 383, 385, 389, 395, 409, 412, Laphygma exiqua (beet armyworm) 170, 520, 521, 543, 548, 568, 579, 581, 432, 450, 459, 472, 484, 501, 541, aoa , 361, 370, 585, 413, 418, 605, 609, 635, 638, 639, 666, 696, 577, 608, 625, 636, 659, 862, 952, 438, 439, 582, 691, 821, 847, 888, 798, B16; O94 61% 68, 881,887, vlemye lupin ping maggot) GL, 100 Laphugnd feugiperda (al 13 5 5 , 861, F . 5 Hylemya lupini (lupine maggot) 81, 100, E} a frugiperda armyworm 901, 921, 947, 960, 971 3, 176, 291, 966, 1024, 1041, 1097 720, 8/90, 995 134, 1161; 169; Hylobius pales (pales weevil) 92, 491, 611, 206, 282, 290,302, 347, 370, 422 369, 800, 909, 972, 1119 501, 531, 568, , 624, 651, 684, Hylobius radicis (pine root collar weevil) 711, 733, 759, 783, 806, 807, 826, 71, 909 844, 845, 862, 868, 882, 901, 917, > Hylot bajul Id h db 438. 931, 941, 948, 965, 977, 992, 1001 Seat 759, 15: ee toeeutaeaee : 1023, 1067, 1088, 1114, Hylurgopinus rufipes (a bark beetle) 890 Lasioderma serricorne felgeretie beetle) D, 926 . > > Lasius niger alienus americanus (corn- ield ant, Laspeyresia caryana (hickory shuck- worm) 308-29 1004 Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider) F , 911, 942, 956, 1014, 1037, 1090 Lecanium corni (European fruit lecanium) ach 17, 65, 176, 259, 311, 457, 519, Lecanium fletcheri (Fletcher scale) 336, Lecanium nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) Tee yt , Lecanium quercifex 92, 299 Lechriops floridanus (a beetle) 317 fonie teiineata (three-lined potato beetle ) idee ae Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) 23, 154, a 312, 538, 1081 Lepidosaphes piperis 494 Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) 330, > “ToL 5B 1, 1075 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado pota- to beetle) 17, , 02, 97, 93 136, 165, 183, 209, 258, 277, 286, 314, 332, 355, 379, 409, 431, 459, 484, 513, 541, 576, 603, 633, 661 720, 741, 770, 792, 811, 978, 1038, 1069, 1091 Leptocoris trivittatus (boxelder bug) 12, 31, 54, 132, 220, 261, , 04, , 184 301, 664, 671, 701,855, 876, 910, 926, 942, 958, 973, 991, 1007, 1013, 1029, 1037, 1051,’ 1064, 1087 Leptoglosus EP. (a leaf-footed bug) 691, , Leptoglossus clypealis 717, 767, 1048 Leptoglossus ‘5 1G us (leaf-footed bug) 61 , ? ’ Leptotes marinus (a lycaenid) 505 Leueania sp. (a phalaenid) 159 Leucania latiuscula (an armyworm) 214 Ligyr us gibbosus (carrot beetle) 531 Limax maximus (garden slug) 495 Limonius sp. (elaterid) 221 Limonius agonus (eastern field wire- worm 5 978 Limonius californicus (sugar-beet wire- worm) 63, ; ee vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) Liophloeus tessulatus (a curculionid) Bo hyalinus (a corizid) 522, riomyza spp. (leaf miners) 24, 101, ee 226, 257, 277, 357, 379, 510, 819, 870, 908, 952, 969, 988, 1026, seers? 1117 a subpusilla ssorhoptrus simplex (rice water weevil) PS 40 rst 473, 507, 655 Listroderes costirostris obliquus vegetable weevil) 7, 24, 30, 82, 87, 94, 101, 177, 200, 206, 209, 218, 257, 296, 314, 333, 337, 359, 382, 409, 460, 486, 988, 1063, 1090 Listronotus oregonensis (carrot weevil) 637, 976 Lithocolletis sp. (a leaf miner) 765 _ Lithocolletis crataegella 658, 765, 789, —aaoO Lixus sp. (a weevil) 181 Lixus concavus (rhubarb curculio) 432, , 1035 Lobiopa insularis (a nitidulid) 358, 462 Congitarsus waterhousei (a mint flea eetle) » 063 Lophocateres pusillus (a grain beetle) 103 Loxaqrotis albicosta (western bean cut- ee 0, 394 418, 439 Loxostege spp. 39 r ONS TB, 403, 685’ pases a ' Loxostege commixtalis a webworm Bab » 063, 736, 839, 863 ? alae Loxostege. similalis (_ garden webworm) / , 477, 571, 595, 626, 653, 685, 713, 736, 747, 761, 784, 821, 828, 833, 847, 864, 918, 1033, 1074, 1117 Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm) 50. 56, 372, 606, 691, 785,839, 8 Lucilia sp. (a blowfly) 416 Lyctus spp. (powder post beetles) 102 ella stabulans grisescens (corn A ices ae » 000, 825 ygidea mendax (apple red bug) 73 Lyqus spp. 51, 53, 104, 129 315 400, 427, 455, 549, 583, 639, 654, 667, 726, 747, 796, 835, Lygus elisus (a lygus bug) 215, 234 336, 627, est, 663, 1046, 1050 Lyqus hesperus 627, 654, 663, 685, rae; , 762, 864, 938, 1046, 1050 Lyqus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) 66, , 163, 171, 183, 213, 234, 252, 254, 274, 275, 306, 330, 370, 427, 462, 474, 485, 505, 535, 571, 597, 609, 634, 770, 829, 921, 966, 1012, 1086, 1117 Lygus shill 1046 Lytta mutillata (a blister beetle) 713 Lytta nuttalli (Nuttall blister beetle) = Macremphytus varianus (a dogwood Saati 895 Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose chafer) 432, 5 , 642,671 Macronoctua onusta (iris borer) 671 Macrosiphum spp. (aphids) 410 Macrosiphum barri (a lettuce aphid) Macrosiphum granarium (English ~aotSrrain aptid) 22, 48, 52 60, 99, 52, 162, 175, 193, 215, 233, 252, 270, 291, 309, 323, 351, 373, 400, 424, 452, 474, 503, 596, 625, 654, 737, 959, 1033, 1047 Macrosiphum pisi (pea aphid) 16, 17, bb, 70, 72, 81, 129, 135, 152, 163, 169, 175, 18 t] 214, 2397 243’ 251; 257; 270, 950, 959, 966, 977, 986, 1001, 1012, 1034, 1046, 1068, 1073, 1087, 1100, 1102 Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) 278 Macrosiphum solanifolii (potato aphid) 2 A OILS 339, , 380, 408, 409, 459, 484, 512, 634, 663, 832, 978, 1010, 1015 Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted leafhopper) 55, 309, 427, 454, 477, 541, 576, 607, 976 Madarellus undulatus (a weevil) 1062 Megaselia sp. (a mushroom maggot) Magicicada septendecim (periodical Cicada) tr 31, 70, 137, 184, 209, 224 Malacosoma sp. (a tent caterpillar) 50, 2 Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent caterpillar ' ; 2 216, 225, 235, 254, 272, 293 311, 330, 354, 365, 378, 413, 440, 462, 517, 669, 886, 980, 993, 1072, 1086 Malacosoma disstria (forest tent cater- pillar) 68, 70, 148, 278, 365, 413, 440, 462, 517, 518, 582, 641, 710, 836, 890, 993, 1051, 1122 Malacosoma fragilis Great Basin tent cater- L 1 Pillar F ' Malacosoma pviale (western tent cater- pillar Mamestra confiqurata (bertha armyworm) Pe ENE Mansonia perturbans (a mosquito) 318, Margarodes Sp. (a ground pearl) 480, 919 argarodes meridionalis (a ground pearl) ae: na 6455010 mana u a Margarodes rileyi (a ground pearl) 644 Maruca testulalis (a pyraustid) 417 Mecinus pyraster (a weevil) 957 Megacyllene robiniae (locust borer) 797, 300 84, Ii 1084 05 ? , Megalopyge opercularis (puss caterpillar) ee ns, OTe SCO : Melanagromyza simplex (asparagus miner) 976 Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan aphid) 208, 768, 790, 850 Melanolophia imitata a looper) 149 Melanoptila fulvoguttata (hemlock borer) Melanoplus spp. (geassioppers) 134; 135, cPER 369, 393, 449, 471, 499 529, 530, 565, 567, 592, 601, Melanoplus bruneri 825 Melanoplus confusus 160, 449, 529 Melanoplus devastator (devastating Mel ST a Glioee tiald cite al elanoplus differentialis (differenti Greene) 53, 66, 160, 169, 71, 182, 357, 407, 449, 529, 530, 565, 591, 621, 649, 675, 681, 682, 695, 707, 732, 757, ieee 805, 825, 844, 861, 931, Melanoplus femur-rubrum (red-legged grasshopper) 53, 66, 69, 73, 160, 182, 340, 449, 580, 592, 621, 622, 649, 658, 682, 707, 708, 731, 732, 757, 777, 781, ; ; , 861, 901, 921, ie B08 1009, OSS aoeee 1046 elanoplus mexicanus (lesser migra- a Stary Gmeshc peer Roca tain grasshopper) 53, 66, 69, 160, 169, 449, 471, 494, 499, 529,530, 565, 567, 591, 592, 621, 649,675, 681, 682, 707, 731, 732, 757, 781, 805, 825, 844, 901, 921, 959, 1003, 1046, 1073 a lus a 529 elanoplus packardii (Packard grass- hopper) 591, 649, 731, 757,959, Melanoplus paradalinus 621 Melanotus spp. (wireworms) 993 Melanotus communis 513, 651 eligethes seminulum (a nitidulid) 203, foe} w oO iv) or rar , 2 , Melissopus latiferreanus (filbertworm) 17, 203, 658, , 1098 Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine borer) , 136, 431, 577, 602, 658, 692, 719, 813, 905, 977 Melophaqus ovinus (sheep ked) 168,260, eae ile ; ? Meromyza americana (wheat stem maggot) 397, 451, 598, 1033 Mesagroicus herricki (a weevil) 94 Metatetranychus citri (citrus red mite) = 3 TSE, 216, 312, 689, 1097 Metatetranychus ulmi (European red ~——mite) 16, 23, 73, 137, 164, 176, 215, 275, 292, 294, 310, 328, 353, 537, 600, 629, 656, 688, 716, 739, 765, 788, 810, 849, 867, 967, 979, 1010, 1024, 1048, 1071, 1089, 1103 Meteorus laphyqmae (a parasite) 340 Metriona bicolor (golden tortoise beetle) Miccotrogus picirostris (a clover seed weevil) BT, 506 Microtheca ochroloma (yellow-margined eetle Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) Mie eA Mineola vaccinii (cranberry fruitworm) ? Miris dolabratus (meadow plant bug) 162, Mocis sp. (a Graseworny 865, 885, 903, 919, 951, 967 Mocis latipes $67 ocis repanda 90, 207, 992 Monarthropalpus buxi (ooxwood leaf miner) Te8, 415, 1088 Monellia costalis oP a aphid) 9; 482, 831, 875, 1043 Monocrepidius difformis (a wireworm) Monocrepidius fuscosus 244 Onocrepidius planidiscus 244 Monophadnoides geniculatus (raspberry sawtly, 7 Mordwilkoja vaqgabunda (poplar vaga- bond aphid) 336, 723 s Mormidea pictiventris (a stink bug) 536, : ( Murgantia histrionica (harlequin bug) "87, 166, 282, 313, 382, 431, 510, 539, 632, 659, 719, 791, 813, 1082, 1091 Musca domestica (house fly) 24, 52, 94, 157, > 170, 184, 205, 282, 300, 318, 338, 364, 388, 434, 523, 552, 585, 614, 644, 701, 750, 800, 891, 981, 1090, 1120 Myelois venipars (navel orangeworm) 24, TOoE, 1097 Myochrous denticollis (a leaf beetle) 422 Myodocha serripes (a lygaeid) 664 Myzocallis corti (a filbert aphid) 378, Myzocallis kahawaluokalani (crapemyrtle hid) 584, 774 ap: , Myzocallis tiliae (an aphid) 18 Myzocallis trifolii (yellow clover aphid) eae , 685, 714, 784, 848, 933, 959, 965, 986, 1024, 1041, 1059, 1079, 1097, (see also Therioaphis ononidis) ee ack cherry aphid) 330, Myzus persicae (green peach epiid) 31, en Aa , 130, 155, 198, 206, 217, 257, 272, 277, 297, 301, 310, 315, 33, 337, 359, 382, 402, 408, 410, 429, 433, 461, 486, 515, 516, 543, 579, 605, 634, 635, 662, 663 695, 793, 812, 940, 978, 992, 1015, 1016, 1091, 1098 Myzus solani (foxglove aphid) 634, 663 wo 0 0 wo wo -N- Nabis spp. (predators) 616 Nabis ferus 974 Necrobia rufipes (red-legged ham beetle)157 Nematus ribesii (imported currantworm) Neoborus amoenus (ash plant bug) 50,797 eoborus s 552 ( . ae acuminatus (red-headed as sont a ) 57, 237, 278 Neodiprion spp. ( sawflies 5 7 Secs 90, 641, 955 Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir sawfly) 91 Neodiprion americanus 610, 1036, 1072, ee banksianae (jack-pine sawfly) Neodiprion exitans 954 eodiprion fabricii 147 Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed pine can 88, 517, 722, 748, 890, , 101 Vea nanulus (red-pine sawfly) 490, 17, 610 2 Neodipricn pinetum (white-pine sawfly) Neodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly) 75, 415, 517, 551, 1011, 1036,1105 2 ilo Neodiprion swainei (Swaine jack-pine sawtil ( ) Neodiprion tsugae (hemlock sawfly) 150 Neokolla hieroglyphica (a leafhopper) 167 menapia ( Neophasia pine butterfly) 147, Nepticula Slingerlandella (a plum leaf miner Neuroterus spp. (leaf gall insects) 63 Neuroterus saltatorius 722 Nezara viridula (southern green stink uu , 423, 459, 542, 578, 604, 661, 918, 952 Nicentrus saccarinus (a curculionid) 302, N ia phaeorrhoea (brown-tail moth) 668 Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak utterfly) B00, yet ) Nymphula diminutalis (a glyphipterygid Nysius spp. (false chinch bugs) 297, 314, 35, 338, 339, 540, 599, 718, 742, 787, 807, 116 Nysius californicus 355 Nysius ericae (false chinch bug) 28, 83, 155, 159, 177, 196, 198, 216, 251, 2547 276, 787, 1047 Nysius qroenlandicus (a lygaeid) 13 S06 Oberea sp. (a cerambycid) 941 Oberea bimaculata eas eben cane borer) 4 ? ’ , , Oberea tripunctata (dogwood twig borer) p ( ) QOdonaspis penicillata (a scale) 339 donaspis ruthae , 699, 809 Oecanthus_nigricornis quadripunctatus our-spotted tree cricket ; 721, 833 Oecanthus niveus (snowy tree cricket) ils Oechalia kaonohi (a predator) 340 Oedaleonotus enigma (a apres topper 393, tPA Be F365 , 621, 681, 805, 1046 Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) 1064 Olla abdominalis (coccinellid) 47 Omophoita interjectionis (a flea beetle) Oncideres cingulata (twig girdler) 810 cnegbe, BaC, O36 ? Ophionyssus natricis (a snake mite) 1100 Ophryastes sp.( 4 root weevil) 1002 Opsius stactogalus (a leafhopper) 1051 Orius sp. 0, 438 Orius insidiosus (a flower bug) 594 Orius tristicolor (a predatory bug) 974 Ornix geminatella (a leaf miner) 1041, (see also Callisto geminatella) Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw-toothed rain beetle) 64, 88, 164, 210, 53, 644, 874, 924,’1006, 1031 Otobius megnini (ear tick) 64, $4, 318, , 368, 818, 875, 1051, 1120 Otosema odorata ( a phalaenid) 973 Oxypleurites spp. (eriophyid mites) 799 Si) 6 Pachybrachius bilobatus (lygaeid ) 655 Pachylobius picivorus (a weevil) 209 Pachynematus sporax (a sawfly) 253, 2 Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma (hackberry nipple gi ; , 942, 1037 Pachystethus oblivia (a scarabeid) 643 11 Pachyzan¢la phaeopteralis (a sod web- worm) Bp BE 903, 987 Palaeopus sp. (a weevi Palaeopus costicollis (a curculionid) 1066 Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) , 164, 276, 363, 462, 680, 1011 Palorus ratzburgi (a flour beetle) 103 Palorus subdepressus depressed flour is ug dis (a walnut aphid) 810 Panaphis juglandis (a walnut ap Pandemis albaniana (a moth) 658 Pangaeus bilineatus (a bug) 655 Panscopus torpidus (a root weevil) 227 Pantomorus godmani (Fuller rose beetle) aI B31, 700, 955, 1028, 1083 Papaipema nebris (stalk borer) 56, 182 eee eD, B93, 624, 635, 651, 693, 741, 826, 1033 Papalpema purpurifascia (columbine borer) Papilio ajax (parsleyworm) 607 - Papilio cresphontes (orange-dog) 209, 484, Paraneotermes simplicicornis (a ter- mite) 911 Paratetranychus sp. (a spider mite) 492 Paratetranychus bicolor 643 Paratetranychus ilicis (southern red mite) 380 Paratetranychus milleri sn 434 Paratetranychus Pods 49, 194, 339, D , Paratetranychus simplex 790 Paratetranychus Sickel 628 Paratetranychus ununguis (spruce spider mite cia 700: 798 Paratetranychus yothersi (avocado red mite) tO6T. 1082 Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) 687 Paratrioza cockerelli (potato psyllid, to- mato psyllid) 7, 49, 57, 155, 236, 256, 296, 332, 356, 380, 409, 430, 460, 483, 512, 542, 575, 604, 634, 660, 693, 720, 742, 770, 792, 811, 850, 1012, 1050 Paria sp. (a chrysomelid) 221, 237 Parisochoemus sp. (a curculionid) 301 Parlatoria oleae (ouive scale) 23, 216, 464 Paromius longulus ( a lygaeid) 655 Parornix geminatella (a leaf miner) 790, see also Callisto geminatella) ; Pectinophora goss ‘elke (pink bollworm 8, 5. 84, 101, 171, 200, 202, 218, 237, 208, 384, 412, 436, 465, 488, 548, 667, 746, 815, 853, 889, 922, 953, 954, 989, 1005, 1028, 1082, 1111, 1118 ( ) Pegomya hyoscyami (spinach leaf miner 67 10 Bia B17 ’ 2 Pegomya rubivora (raspberry cane maggot) 665 _ Penthaleus major (a winter grain mite)3, , 45, 62, 81,:90, 99, 129, 175, 154, 195, 214, 1023, 1047, 1059, 1081, 1113 : Peranabrus scabricollis (coulee cricket) 682 Periodroma margaritosa (variegated cut- worm) 13, co 52, 56, 159, 161,175, 197, 213, 233, 252, 258, 267, ‘27 290, 295, 306, 325, 351, 362, 374, 382, 387, 390, 397, 405, 413, 418, 425, 439, 454, 460, 465, 466, 477, 479, 493, 507, 514, 533, 572, 695, 713, 741, 762, 769, 792, 918, 1009, 2 Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway-maple Ephid) AST. Bit, 775, 836, 105: Periphyllus nequndinis (boxelder aphid) 4 Periplaneta americana (American cock- roach) 239 17 268; 309; 323, 351, 398, } 474, 596, 848, 863, 882, 985, 1023, 1047, 1079, 1113 eens Petrova albicapitana (a pitch mot —— ont ‘] Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig moth) meccon Phalonia zephrana (a stem borer) 439 Bhenacaspis sp. (a scale) 91 Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale) , 414, 463, 518, 550, 700, 774, 817, 854, 960, 1013, 1074 Philaenus leucophthalmus (meadow spittle- bug) 70, 75, 135, 163, 182, 243, 269,278, 287, 308, 327, 333, 349, h 1) 411, 427, 454, 477, 505, 534, 652, 685, 712, 737, 808, 828, 903, 918, , 978, 986, 993, 1034, 1068, 1089, 1102, 1121 Phloeosinus sp. (a scolytid) 386, 774 Phioeosinus rubicundulus 434 Phloeosinus Sequorae jae 434 Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (a scolytid) 1112 Phlyctinus callosus (a weevil) 672- Phormia regina (black blow fly) 434 Phryganidia californica (California oak- worm) 972 Phthirus pubis (crab louse) 891 Phyllocoptes sp. ( a rust mite) 739 Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite) Phyllophaga Spp. (June beetles white eb) 258, 317, 374, 395, 507, 03, 950, 1010, 1103 Phyllo: haga fusca 484, 536 Phyllophags lanceolata 863, 932 a rugosa 464, 863, 903 Payllophacs tristis 507 otreta armoraciae (hcrseradish flea Beetle) 356. eetle} Phyllotreta cruciferae 136, 404, 483, 78, 1069 1 ? ’ ? , Phyllotreta striolata (striped flea beetle) a sp. 331 ylloxera devastatrix (pecan phylloxera) Phylloxera notabilis (pecan leaf phylloxera) Phytomyza rufipes (a leaf miner) 800 Phyto’ Saree destructor (hessian fl 333, 5b: 68, 182, 207, 397, 503 533, 626; 654, 827’ 902) 1041, wiaeia: a 856 Pieris Teel Meeesia gs cabbageworm) Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm) 32, Pps 3, 88, 93, 130, 136, 166, 217, 274, 314, 331, 356, 406, 431, 461, 510, 577, 602? 632, 659, 693, 831, 870, 908; 921, 953, 976, 1012, 1035, 1062, 1069, 1 Pikonema alaskensis (yellow- headed Spruce Sawily) 583, 698, 1011 Piletocera sp. (a pyraustid) 159 Pilocrocis tripunctata (sweetpotato leaf roller) era. 369 Pineus similis (a gall aphid) 226 Pinnaspis strachani (a scale) 93 Pissodes approximatus (a weevil) 335 Pissodes strobi eS weevil) 71, a es 490, 641, 774, 909, Pityogenes chalcographus (a scolytid) 64 Pl fade ra _versicolora (imported wilbw Teaf beetle) 775 Plagiotrichus chrysolepidicola (a gall insect) 203 Planococcus citri (citrus mealy bug) ” Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm) ey 195. 103, O07, 252, 288, 307, 505, 535, 785, 803, 813, 8297 847, 887; 1034, 1068 Platyedra vilella (cotton stem moth) ? Platynota sp. (a tortricid) 632, 862 Platynota flavedana (a leaf roller) 575, Platynota stultana (a leaf roller) 213, 68, 796, 835, 847, 852) 872° 884, 889) 908} 923° 940 Plat tilia carduidact la artichoke’ plume eri, ee 177, 218, 314, 405, 540, Platypus eee (an ambrosia beatle) 32, 258 Pleocoma minor (a beetle) 830, 938 Pleocoma oregonensis 93 Plodia eRe set (Indian-meal mot , 164, 169, 210, 874, 1006 Plutella maculi ennis (diamondback r 88, 198, 383, 406, 461, 510, 539, 556, 577, 602 831, 76. Pogonomyrmex barbatus (red har- vester ant) 751 Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (western arvester ant) 704 Pollenis rudis (cluster fly ) 184 Polychrosis botrana (a vine moth)1030 Polychrosis viteana (grape berry moth) 165, 631, 905, 1049, 1105 , ( a Polymerus basalis fuscatus (a miri Polyphylia decemlineata (a scarabaeid) Saline Pomphopoea aenea (a meloid) 330 Bo itis} japonica (Japanese beetle) 12, 18, 7, fat 159, 225, 443, 444, 445, 491, 515, 543, 572, 573, 594, 604; 613, 635, 643, 654, 671, 689; 694, 710, 723, 749, 785, 799, 810, 811, 827, 993, 1010, 1070, 1088, 1103 Borcellio laevis laevis (a sowbug) 64, 907 Forthetria - ria dispar (gypsy moth) 12, 19, 149, 362, 386, 415, 468, mask 518" 668, 748, 796, 797, 817; 993; 1009, 1052, 1086 Premnotrypes sp. (curculionid ) Besiiuotdpee latithorax 974 Premnotrypes solani Premnotrypes vorax 974 Prionoxystus robiniae (carpenterworm) 7M 434, 612, 8 1062 ? 7 2 Prionus californicus (California prionus ; Pristiphora erichsonii (larch sawfly) 128. 462, 518, 610, 670, 699, 722, 748, 1011 Pristomerus acificus appalachianus a parasite) 320- Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder aphid) 210 Prodenia spp. (armyworms) 390, 418 Seek 493, 870 arr » , , Prodenia dolichos 100, 217, 405 Prodenia eridania (southern armyworm) [ 84, 515, 572, 633, 793, 969 Prodenia latifascia 302 Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow-striped _ armyworm 161, 177, 200, 234, 240, 271, ” 290, 306, 325, 332) 386, 423° 439) 461, 466, 493, 737, 763, 785, 851, 864, 908; 919° 939, 1002, 1047 Prodenia ‘praefica western yellow- striped armyworm) 763, 869,1046 Prosopothrips cognatus (a thrips) 352, 427 Protaetia fusca (a beetle) 158 Protoleucania albilinea (wheat head army- parce (h ) 165, 205, Protoparce spp. (hornworms) 1 , 297, 315, 332, 359, 379, 410, 433, 515, 543) 578, 605, 635, 661, 694, 720, 744, 769, 793, 812, 868, 952, 969, 978, 1091 Protoparce quini uemaculata (tomato TSSS 18, 136, 183, 297, 379, 390, 466, 493, 515, 1068 8, Protoparce sexta {tobacco hornworm 1 aT 315, 379, 390, 418, 436, "38, 298, 1035, 1069 Proto ulvinaria oyriformis (pyriform scale) 612, 7 Proxys punctulatus (a stink bug) 536 Peon pneu Psallus seriatus (cotton fleahopper)30, 1, 171, 316, 338, 361, 385, 413, 437, 465, 488, 522, 549, 582, 609, 640, 667, 698, 726, 746, 773, 816, 1117 Pseudaletia unipuncta army worm) 14, Ty ese 90, 134, 159, 161, 176, 188, 197, 205, , 882, 993, 1007, 1009, 1012, 1013, 1024, 1032, 1037, 1041; 1072, 1086, 1088, 1097, 1121 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale) 7, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (a rasa nese weevil F Pseudococcus n. sp. (a meélybug)1043 Pseudococcus boninsis 947 Pseudococcus gahani (citrophilus mealybug) 867 Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealy- ug) 311, 789, Secuiee eos nipae (coconut mealy- bug Pseudolynchia brunnea (a louse fly) 035 ene canariensis (pigeon fly) Pseudopityo nthorous minutissimus (an = sues bark beetle) 612 seudoplusia rogationis (a looper) 989 Bains rosae (carrot rust fly) 31, 182, 663 optera drummondi (a wood borer)800 Bsorophora spp. (mosqui toes) 672 Psorophora Ciliata 614 Psorophora confinis ee) 614 Psorophora ferox Psylla pwd (Soxood psyllid) 137, 185, Psylla Pevlappbeaa (pe Meee ee 74, 184, 311, 354, 403, 497, 482) a0? 717, 740, 867, 009 Psylla acaaael 494 SELDEN MEE SS spider beetle) Ptinus hirtellus (brown spider beetle)202 Pulex irritans (human flea) 416 Pulvinaria spp. (scale insects) 612 Pulvinaria acericola 909 Pulvinaria floccifera 612 vinaria innumerabilis (cottony maple scale) 65, 317, 552, 583, 669, 797, ls 873, 1035 ; vinaria psidii (green shield scale) Pulvinaria vitis (see P. innumerabilis) Pyrausta nubilalis (European corn orer) Ii, 15, 17, 29, 32, 49, 51,52, 54, 66, 69, 72, 105- 126, 134, 160; 168, 202, 503, 224, 262; 267, 305, 323, 345, 369, 393, 417, 421, 449 471, 483, 493, 500, 530, 567, 593, 622, 623, 650, 660, 683, 708, 709, 732, 733, 758, 782, 805, 806, 825 844, 861, 881, 921, 977, 985,1010, 1012, 1033, 1038, 1041, 1067, 1072 1086, 1087, 1101, 1121 Pyrophorus atlanticus (a wireworm) = Ramosia bibionipennis (strawberry crown moth) 7 Tel, 1098 Ramosia rhododendri ‘chatoleies orer Ramosia tipuliformis (currant borer) 7 eay/ Raphignathus sp. (a mite) 1084 Recurvaria milleri (lodgepole needle miner Recurvaria nanella (lesser bud moth) joc Ome Reticulitermes a (a termite) 103 Reticulitermes. weg inicus 201 Rhabdophaga sp. (an itonidid) 221 Sa Soe abdoscelus obscurus (New Guinea Sugarcane weevil) 926 Rhagoletis ate (a cherry fruit fly) hagoletis sla ( (cheney fru an 509) 657, 1010, 17088 ; Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly. 1004, 1025, 1061 Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry fruit fly) 50, 184, 657, 1010 aan pomonella (apple ab, eae. 3, , p 715, 740, 789, 810, 830, 849, 886, 904° 937, 952, 979, 1010, 1075, 1089, 1105, 1122 Rhinacloa sp. (a plant bug) 549 Rhipicephalus sanquineus (brown dog tick) 615, 1, 925, 981, 1036 Rhizoecus falcifer (ground mealybug) i CHE Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) 3, 26. 161, 169, 193, 233, 291, 347, 375, 597, 502, 532, 568, 595, 683, 709, 733, 759, 783, 827, B45, oe 1013, 1047, 1067, 1079, Rhopalosi ae a wes hae aphid) 99, 292, 310, io? Rhopalosiphum oe (turnip aphid) 63, 101, 1026, 1062 Rhopalosiphum rufomaculata 93 Rhopalosiphum subterraneum 277, 464, Rhyacionia sp. (a tip moth) 975 Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine Shoot moth) 75, 184, 226, 259, 414, 518, 551, 583, 641, 670, 699, 923, 1011, 1036, 1087,1105 Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket pine moth) 58, 92, 166, 184, 209, 238, ne 335, 362, 463, ou Lee ene chites bicolor (rose curculio eee, 750 ‘ Rhynohophorus palmarum (a weevil) Rhyssomatus sp. (a wecvs) 9 Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) 64, 259, 874, 912, 924, 956, 1006 ( Romalea microptera (eastern lubber grasshopper) 252, 259, 613 sic Sacadodes pyralis (a phalaenid) 302 Saissetia oleae (black scale) 642, , L048 Salebria afflictella (a webworm) 1072 Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree borer) mos ' , 197, 208, 294, 376, 457, 616, 716, 810, 830, 886, 1047, 1104, 1115 Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi (western peach tree borer , 304, 403, Saperda calcarata (poplar borer) 68 Saperda candida (roundheaded apple tree borer) 401, 415, 658 Saperda tridentata (elm borer) 491 Sarcophaga spp. (parasitic flies) 731 Sarcophaga aldrichi 517, 550, 1121 Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite) 168 Scatopse notata (a fly) 991 Schistocerca americana (American grasshopper) 301, 393, 529, 881 Schizolachnus pini-radiatae (an aphid) aEeee OME en Schizotetranychus schizopus (a spider mite) 12 Schizura concinna (red-humped cater- pillar 6 Schizura impomoea 690 Scleroderma macrogaster (a bethylid) Olo Sciara spp: fou oom eee Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) 176 soe, 83 335, 575, 886, 938, 1097 Scolytus multistriatus (smaller Euro- pean elm bark beetle) 58, 166, 299, 362, 386, 490, 519, 550, 583, 610, 698, 748, 799, 837, 890, 1071 ) os muticus (hackberry engraver Scolytus ventralis (fir en aver) 146 Scutigerella immaculata (garden centi- pede) 226, 953 Selenis monotropa (a caterpillar) 876, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (red- panded thrips) 100, 691 Semiothisa ocellinata (a looper) 873 Sesamia cretica (a stem borer) 132, 37 10) Sibine stimulea (saddleback cater- pillar 3 Silvius pollinosis (a tabanid) 584 Simplinyehus buxi (a spider mite) 749, 11 Simulium spp. (black flies) 552 Sinea confusa (a reduvid) 891 Sinoxylon anale (a bostrichid) 64 Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid) 3, 99, 271, 289, 310, 352, 401, 450, 532, ie 987, Nae Oe Siphona irritans (horn fly) 58, 9 b St, DOL, 220, 260, 280, 284, 306, 319, 338, 363, 387, 416, 435, 466, 492, 523, 552, 585, 614, 644, 701, 728, 775, 818, 838, 855, 875, 912, 925, 956, 973, 990, 1013, 1074, 1120 Sitona hispidula (clover root curculio) 23 T, 906, 571, 597, 627, 653, 785, 1046 Sitona cylindricollis (sweetclover weevil) 49, 53, 55, 67, 163, 169, 327, 348, 399, 426, 476, 506, 534, 570, 828, 918, 1038, 1042, 1046, 1073, 1102 = iS Sitona lineata (pea leaf weevil) 479, 1 Sitona scissifrons 426 , Sitophilus granarius (granary weevil 164, B74. 941, 1075 Sitophilus oryza (rice weevil) 87, 164, seen IO, B10, 282, 522, 846, 956, 990, 1099 Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain ° moth) 67, 90, 164, 210, 282, 882, B91, 902, 924, 956, 981, 1090, 1 Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) 416, 687, Solenopsis molesta (thief ant) 451 Solenopsis Saevissima v. richteri (im- pon fire ant) 181, 262, 301, 438 Solenopsis a (southern fire ant) Solubea pugnax (rice stink bug) 373, , 764, 787, 809, 986 Spanogonicus albofasciata (a fleahopper) B35 640, 726 Sparganothis sulfurana (a tortricid) 917, Sphecius speciosus (cicada killer) 702, seme 759, B10 Sphyrocoris sp. io eeeeaen 1063 Spilonota ocellana (eye-spotted bud moth) 378, 403, 429 Spissistilus festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper) 90, 175, 207, 296, 474, 503, 570, 597, 626, 687, 712, 737, 808, 828, 864, 884, 886, 933, 987, 1001, 1024, 1047 Spodoptera mauritia (a phalaenid) 158 Stegasta bosquella (red-necked peanut- worm) 207, 598, 655, 687, 714, 738, 763, 847, 884, 933 Systena taeniata 721 Stenoma catenifer (a seed moth) 728 Stephenitis globulifera (a lace bug) : ( Stephanitis joides (azalea lace bug) 137, » 210, 336, 387, Sternochetus magiferae (a weevil) 158, Tine clan: , 943 Stictoptera signifera (a phalaenid) 158 Stilpnotia salicis (satin moth) 12, 584, 641, 670, 817, 993, 1086 Stiretrus anchorago ie stink Br Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly 58, 168; 4, » bo2, 582, 701, 728, 775, 838, 1074 Strigoderma arboricola (a beetle) 587 Strigodermella knausi (a scarabaeid) Supella supellectilium (brown-banded Sach) 157, 260, 911, 1084 Sylepta balteata (a pyraustid) 616 Sympiesis viridula (European corn borer parasite) 54, 417 Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peach tree borer) 89, 100, 183, 197, 208, 235, 292, 294, 601, 830, 850, 979, 1104, 1115 Systena blanda (pale-striped flea beetle) 177, 357, 438, 522, 540, 597 Systena elongata (elongate flea beetle) B47 Systena hudsonias 473 =a Tabanus spp. (horse flies) 184, 416 Tabanus aequalis (a tabanid) 584 Tabanus atratus (black horse fly) 94, 387, 584 Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly) 2 ? Tabanus nigrovittatus 701 Tabanus stygius 523 Tabanus sulcifrons 94 Tachypterellus quadrigibbus magna an apple curculio) 6 Taeniothrips inconsequens (pear thrips) 301, a 403 Taeniothrips simplex (gladiolus thrips) 642, 742, 749, 798,837 Targionia sacchari (a sugarcane scale) 655, 738, 809, 967 Tarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen mite) 65. ; G , 794, 798, 869, 908, 980, 1044 Tenebrio obscurus (dark mealworm) 941 Tenebroides sp. (an ostomid) 157 Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle) 88, 157, 164, 522, 644, 1006 Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Chinese mantis 6 Tenuipalpus anoplus (a mite) 1031 Tenuipalpus pacificus 2 59 Tetanops myopaeformis (ougay beet root maggot) 50, 576, 63 Tetralopha sp. (a pine webworm) 975 perslbes melanogrammos 1072 etralopha robustella (pine webworm) 670, 910,1119 Tetralopha scortealis (lespedeza web- z worm) 652, @ 902 etranychina apicalis (a spider mite 159, 175, 196, 220, 269, 289, 352, 1041 Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) 57,08, 65, 164, 215, 217, 328, 430, 487, 537, 549, 629, 656, 663, 638, 700, 721, 723, 739, 765, 798, net See ee 865, fae 907, 1041 etranychus atlanticus (strawberry Spider mite) 479, 763, 795, 808, 865, 884, 1069, 1087 Tetranychus bimaculatus (two-spotted spider mite) 16, 17, 63, 65, 73, 74, 86, 1386, 167, 170, 177, 185, aap b17, 255, 276, 890, 976, 985, 1010, 1025, 1048, 1050, 1063, 1068, 1071, 1089, 1103 Tetranychus canadensis 12 eteanvehus desertorum 86, 206, 795, Tetranychus hicoriae 867 Tetranychus mcdanieli 1048 Te hi tranychus sexmaculatus (six-spotted mite) 691 Tetranychus shoenei 16, 156, 739,765 Tetranychus yumenensis 100, 216, 292 Uheumosplecks scitula (dogwood borer) Thaumatopsis pectinifer (a webworm) Thecabius populi-conduplifolius (an aphid Thecabius milis 226 Therioaphis 504, 534, 570, 628, 71 opuli-mo ononidis cee Ges te ey (see also zocallis trifolii Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) 11, 28, 82, 130, 5, ? 23 ? ? ’ 332, 358, 407, 433, 461, 475, 485, 578, 606, 612, 636, 663, 742, 798, 851, 960, 977, 1035, Thyanta sp. (a stink bug) 536 Thyanta brevis 698 Thyanta custator 166, 311, 950 Thyridopteryx ephe_meraeformis bagworm) 58, 137, 166, 210, 225, 387, 491, 551, 613, 642, 671, 701, 723, 749, 775, 798, 910, 1036, ee 1120 5 cE Thyrillus pacificus (a grass bug, Tibicen linnei (a cicada) 702 Tinea fucipunctella (a tineid) 942 Tipula cunctans (a crane fly) 288 Tomas bicincta (a iroqhenien Eg Tomaspis bicincta (a spittlebug, 400, 655, 787 Tortrix sp. (a caterpillar) 1081 Tortrix ivana (a toririeid) 405 3 Torymus druparum apple see! Chalcid) 830, oat 952, 987 Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale) 278, 491 Toumeyella numismaticum (pine tor- ne scale) 71, 363, 386, 552, 669, 873, 210, 985, 1063 5 Toxoptera graminum (greenbug) 3, 22, Bl, 55, 67, 99, 129, 152, 162, 169, 192, 196, 207, 214, 233, 252, 268, 291, 309, 323, 351, 374, 398, 424, 473, 1001, 1023, 1059, 1079, 1097, 1113 Toxotrypana curvicauda (a fruit fly) 293, ’ Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus (a weevil) Trialeurodes sp. (a white fly) 91 Trialeurodes abutilonea 86, 386 Trialeurodes packardi (strawberry whitefly) 721, 1048 Trialeurodes vaporariorum (green house whitety} 204, 635, 851 Triatoma sp. (a bloodsucking conenose) 238, 875, 1120 Triatoma gerstaeckeri 553, Une Triatoma sanquisuga (bloodsucking conenose) ZB, 615, 644, 751, 800, 838 Triatoma uhleri 493 Tribolium spp. 210, 924, 956, 1006 ribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) a Tribolium confusum (confused flour eetle , 164, 874, 941, 1044, 1100 Trichoclea edwardsi (a phalaenid) ee 6 Trichogramma sp. (A parasite) = 19 a ramma minutum 965 richoplusia ni (cabbage looper) 17, 38 32, 47, 63, 83, 88, 130, 171 214, 217, 236, 295, 335, 372, 383, 406, 431, 437, 439, 461, 466, 493, 539, 602, 693, 835, 870, 872, 887, 908, 939, 953, 970, 976, 988, 1004, 1026, 1035, 1062? ees 1082, 1091, 1098, 1115, Trimerotropis bgliipennis pallidi- pennis 8 Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) 9, 85, 103, 131, a 557-562 ? Tychius sp. (a curculionid) 1066 Tychius stephensi (clover head weevil) = wo > = oO > - I , Tyloderma frayariae (strawberry crown borer) a7. 297, 462, 1083 Typhaea sp. (a fungus beetle) 942 Typhaea stercorea 956, 1119 Typhlocyba pomaria (white apple leaf- hopper) 481 Typhlocyba rosae (rose leafhopper)723 cio. 837-1044 : Typophorus viridicyaneus (sweetpotato eaf beetle) PR 1027 Tyrophaqus sp. (a cheese ° mite) 991 Tyrophagus castellanii 751 == Udea rubigalis (celery leaf tier) 872 Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus scale) 837, 360. 1088 Urbanus proteus (bean leaf roller) 331 921 , ? ? Zyis Vacusus confinis (an anthicid beetle) Sa OCOL gas « Vasates sp. (a rust mite) 656, 688 Vasates cornutus (peach silver mite) YLT ESES ? 2 Vasates fockeui 790, 904, 920 Yasates fycopersici (tomato russet mite) Id, 3I, 74, 136, 183, 430, 460, 719, 741, 769, 793, 811, 832, 850, 868, 888, 907, 921, 978, 1035, 1050, 1069, 1091 Yasates quadripedes (maple bladder - gall mite) 583 Vespa crabo germana (giant hornet) 89, 892, 904 Vinsonia stellifera (a scale) 201, 300 exe Xyleborus morstatti (a scolytid) 941 Xyletinus peltatus (an anobiid) 615 Xylobiops basilaris (a shot hole borer) Xylostera globosa (a cerambycid) 64 aA Ss Zonosemata electa (pepper maggot) 3 ? Zootermopsis angusticollis (a damp wood termite » 1036 RH He HH I KF OK KK OK KK KK KK Kk Kk Kok Armyworm outbreaks in the United States- 1953 - 33 Beet leafhopper conditions - 1953 - in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon 187; Outlook for Western States - 1954 - 334; distribution in N.M., Col., Texas, Okla. and Kan. 906 Chinch bug outlook for 1954 - 138 European corn borer, status in 1953 - ae damage estimates for 1953- 62 European red mite distribution in United States - 92 ; Forest insects - 1953 summary 141 Fruit piercing moth activity in Mexico- 1953-54 - 968 Grasshopper outlook for 1954 - 138 Gypsy moth defoliation summer of 1953 - 19, discovery in Mich. 468, spraying records 796, defoliation 19/4 - 1053, dis- covery in N.J. 1066 Heliothis spp., relative abundance on cotton in 1954 in Arkansas 971 Hornworm moth flight studies 5 Important insects for 1953 - a list 210, in Alabama 282 Insect pests in Nicaragua 302 SPECIAL REPORTS Japanese beetle survey summary - 1953 - 443 Khapra beetle, status in Western States - 557 Matsucoccus scale - status in North- east - 1953 - 179 Mormon cricket outlook for 1954 - 138 Screw-worm survey for 1953 - 76, overwintering survey in south- east 435 Smaller European elm bark beetle distribution in the United States 490 Stored tobacco insects abundance in Virginia and the Carolinas 585 Summary insect conditions - 1953 - Arkansas 240, Delaware 134, Georgia 206, Kansas 168, Maryland 14, Massachusetts 11, Minnesota 65, Mississippi 90, Missouri 160, Montana 48, Nebraska 54, New Mexico 185, New York (veg. ins.) 31, North Carolina 204, North Dakota 51, Ohio 72, Oregon 203, Pennsyl- vania 182, Rhode Island 95, South Carolina 86, South Dakota 52, Tennessee 29, Texas (cotton ins.) 170, West Virginia 224, Wisconsin 69 --_1954 - Delaware 1067, Indiana 1032, Maine 1086, Maryland 1086, Michigan 1009, Nevada 959, New Jersey 976, New York - N.E. fruit cond. 994, North Dakota 1037, Ohio 1101, South Dakota 1072, Texas 1113, Utah 1046, Vermont 993, Wiscorsin 1121, Wyoming 1012 Survey methods - potato- infesting aphids in Maine 1015, plum curculio 1055, cattle lice 1093, mosquito larvae 1094, apple maggot 1107 mopecee eye ematoce survey - 1951- Vegetable weevil - distribution in the United States 62 White-fringed beetle discovery in New Jersey 1065 Wireworms, distribution of several in- troduced species 243 DReeads te wlares21 5 Ai Fond, SIO sis chic aia Ah ato al ay ere . 3 aN gh ane » pe ae % ayy Whe, at ye T the pore Vxtcraans LEY _ ae eet ae, ® kale “ Pe aN hides 3 a i ea : Wavas webs 3 Ve a i , s af = ny i ia i ue Foal ‘ we ¥ 7 Pr viet " “hi i : ¥ ‘ i x eit " wate Gned ; a shh pny ; (He ney oe i 4 i { . FATES Aes UMad heRe icllt WME we. RAC beeen ete 2 eee ee nee ee oy edd ¥; hi Te x gem nt vent | pili ’ my es hoe mt 2 Sar 1b wok yee 2b eral ps ee tbe iu & SOW Adee Erg “k an nee UAT HS Garter Ue Maan OF Sayre asf eal a ett lag 4 aves *t ‘ met mas by Hie ch tbe F el Fie iG WEES = TSS Ae eae Ae cb as My oy ition ae ice peat tan | i ji , j t} 8 : | s A Le EE SY a A ee ee i nah ‘a fyP a hi “xi 1 ) von Aue A . \ re v ; ay a An ai i Le f f my iy ; ‘ iy ining ysl Pi) ee We y “ait iW i ee t ip | i i Oya ie Roan f y Ai j ain ay 1! rah ' nt NMDA i fa | vie uy rt 4 hi : 7 nh ' f i) | ie ay ity f nan 7 be C PUA eet | Pe ey witwie § ON oe i aD ay oy iy 1 : } if La A ; ft i ‘* Y ' 1 1 ls ry { We / i ge i i i 3 Pa */« \l nn rf . * | ' i iF | r : Lae ‘ : rf Ay ' Wes : is i \ , ht nb a } { { ie i) 1a Vian i I ae Ay) | nee an (A Lae i) ee? , ih ; z iS — a = Liz re is e o 2 mes) iS) ow ° : nD [= Po) =, a S 1) i= SEONG > = > = ae = S be = iB = a os re iz o z o z a aale? HSONIAN NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN z oe = z z WE g z = = = = = NS = = = = = = = Ws NY. =a) z re) SEs ro) ath! fe) ANG Cigna ro) : s : g | ENC 2 = = 2 = 2 Ee ee e = > = > = > = a ful tb ; 77) 2 ao Alea = a OSHLIWNS SSIUVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN MINSTITUTION: NOILALITSNI NVINOSHLINS Sal aval es wy = 2 S ae x Ww lu Ww NS WW WE = = = = 4 WS SKN = <% = < a WC < AN oc S Ge 5 oc = XN a Yo 5 a 5 = é * a Se et z = z = z Sl HSONIAN” INSTITUTION as NOILALILSNI ~S4 luyvyd bays LIBRARI SSMS tao ATT WS 7017 = = = S a iS = ow = ao — ow — Vs ies) 20 = a 5 20 = Gy 2 > = > = > = te YS “dS = 2 — x = Vf Ga = 5 = z a = A 2 a = Cae Filed = o z o | OSHLINS |S lyvygi7 a BRAR | BOPP SLU OLSEN SOc NVINOSHLINS Sa 1Yvd: = a = aa = ; = Spy, = Wy = 2 2X i & 5 YZ 2 pl = S Di SS B BE: zg Y S ‘ fo Vi = 2 = A Ss S 7 J 7 2 449) > = Bad = x = > Fa ” = 7) Ree 2 Zz HSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES INSTITUT LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN = n” > o = a ty oh ws CHa, Sane a a Guy, 3 & = « = et Yt fo < = RQ. < = al Y Mie Si BS SN oc S e fF? aa ec = SN SS = bar iS) 2 MSS ities 5 = =e =) = - me ea OSHLINS SJIYVYUGIIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI _NVINOSHEINS S31uVvy : z tas 5 = Es s z Ne 2) w = me) S) ° \ \S = 2 = 5) = es = Se > 2 s : 2 5 S — Po) r= cad = =) = WS = a F = FE 2 ~S ep) m z m = m e ois 7) = a = n S HSONIAN INSTITUTION NOM EIESN ES NVINOSHTINS (oa Uv ea TE BR ARTES SMIliSoniaD INSTITUT z ee 22) seer =z Xs NS = - Mee Pi kj 2 AYE 2 =. 2 : = SS wn’ : (Bane = a 2 a JOSHLINS S3iuvYgiq LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YV ¥ XX NVINOSHLIWS mR \ NVINOSHLIWS IVINOSHLINNS wr SMITHSONIAN IWINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN \ SS ¥ C = ,o = ow = oO = oes = = 5 = = x 5 » e; Ey = - > a > ey > {s =i = res a = 2 me a NG z Hs z fe pie i z 4 NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3 z Z =e Sa a z g 2 = 2 WN SE z Sal ‘S =| fe) Ev, oe Ne 3 eee Fe) = 4 a a n Be Oo a 7 a a x = ay = Z z g = g SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS $3 IYVYGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INS a a ul Fa We = o = a ees fin = + AS =F a ae ge ec Z y _— ec = ON q x — cies ‘4b = <¥ — < a BSN < = ) \ EK — i > = ‘3 = > VANS E 6 os E eS a = ie is MS EX oN aes m ra a z GC. — w —_ —_ — _ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S3iuvugit_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN_ INS iw a 7) z 2) ew wn z = a = = = NS = < = = = 5 = .& = Gp. o zs 5 a -S 72 re) iy . re) Ba | = =a E 2 oy ia s = E 2 5 - z 2 Dee z |_ NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3 ae ht} 2 ” z ” Zz Ce = ze + = 4 = = z a4 , = & cas 2 4 x =A re Se = < me Cc Ss sy oe =I = oc = c a NS = a = mn: = a = > co Oo a fo) =a oO SS = = = md a eS) ay 2 a) - ay | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVYS!T_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INS a, ~ 2 c : =2 Ge Fa! ~ eS o iS) = ° = ° 2 - = Ee = x0 = » fz = 5 2. = 2 = E a = > = > =: > |b E 2 F s : 3 5 a 2 ve oe m z m a m _ —_ (77) % = w pa nn |_NVINOSHLIWS S31YVYGIT_ LIBRARIES | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | NOLLMLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS $3 x = ae eae re < = 2 = Zz S\ Ss oF zs \\ S = z a, oO cea DO We. & oe fe) SR a oO aoe z g z BW ke oN g 3 2 BY = 2 Ee WO 2 : 2 fa a4 z Mae te _ 2 ; Ni a g $ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ IN: ni 2 * = no zz wn = = Paz) uw Fr uw a ss phase < 5 = 5 c 3 «By = (s < LiY Z % ac = « = o = fee “yy = < ae - ae : ee x onl —_ JNVINOSHLIWS (S31YVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS | S3 = * 3 Ge z ae z eo z = = w = ow = w uy zw 5 x - Sg - es) 5 f > - > z > = > = (9 2 = 2 = “20 = x EX ~ — Ww — uw — wn _ 3 SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI ByINGSH Nee se huge) 2+ B RBIRLES! SMITHSONIAN = z \ Ed = he aan - < = pa = ee = Yip, Zz a z (2) . ae © 38) Hye os oO = (e} ou Vy ‘. 6 “e 2 S lp, C4. a x : oO 2 E Wy Zz, = By TES z = 2 NY = = >" = ae. = = OSHLINS SJINVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS S3 HAIMA 01271 7328 | 3.908 n Y z < « a =| z fe} = 5) = = 7) = z < Zz fo} a = E = 7) SS — ——