rig oy en tated tad

edie tees
(

im AL

atte ant
of
When 3

Pour erent

rans
ire rv

eats Roos se
hie
nig.
eens
a

i

py magia

PUAN rA Na VT
Sacer nei

hacia
aia
heemit wit &

iy ay
i eal

We Bae
be Mis pene
eM te AEN Mth
serrata tanaitan eam Arete
Taosth nh

pines

Te taagmensr ator

a dy gate wag ne
MNase Oo

qian §
PaO a Sonn
ta acs

hs
Sy ght

remy
chat inte

seit

"ys os
im ecmita rm tet
Vs see

in

peat

vt

aegis OARS
Dita a te Saar a

Rofo ae seit

Dice:
wets
VW Uanlee Seals
Henin tere seein A
met Alecia ANE ALAS

Benin
rer ot

Scant

Pt oars

Tagig ea area ndtcene Batt

trangia

Ree vcr

de
oem ten S e
Rarer eat

*
SS rneeas
Reena enrul cane

ean
Peete

esa

Nesmamiinatayoa astaoam eM

Truro

Gelato bela sana te et

males

eg pet
The IND SS

Na ident pulaeaietas

Steines

Ae)
PE ele a me
3s Vine p ewe ep sen oth meta ee
Lat tye tisualelie i eoniese a
Yin pea nesiaate ogee
ane
Err

Govt lise by
SIR aan ern REA rn
eb

re SUAS aE sapR Sey BL
aera
woke
Prone nae)
eayers
Favs) pie
sacs be
PP ab ae ee
sete Gt
Spe
Cavin ey
Saye ASU Ne
Pertti one
UPA RG UIE CU CPHATESTLO TUN GSPN SO ae
Vad etycsdyi ss pe pioraa stasis a" hu
ye
AE hs
Parser

moan wana 1)
Hod srt bain

ae wet A ij
Wp ee
rye

ven y ded
yet
curator
BPO
oT RY ee
Fever ie 8 9 tad
TEE ey ee

evi
PET TS

Paain
oi]

Pep
Tish 0°84

oo vis ” = we =- ont un” cd BP aie
SONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNIL NVINOSHLINS Sa l YWYalT_LIBRAR TES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTI
< & § 2 = (ake 5 Ne
> WSs z = z ZW = “ss
ro) WS ef xr ro) a 8 9 XY. Ww =
an SS SS w 2 S ? ee \. 8
= 2 cS Z E 2
3 ~ 2 a S ; a . 3 %
saiyuvugiq LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS SASIYVHE

SHLIWS

z

a!

=

(e}

ow

=

ad

=

w

‘ 7) > ” 3S “” = ‘ 2p)

Kw a w oO uy 5 #

ae a ae a @ + ae =

~S < a < c < = he <

NY 5 Z co = = 5

2 re) = Z, re) = ro) 2

Spe ee = = z a] = SS ee
SONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31Y¥VY9E!I71 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTI

fy aa = oe 5 = Solr aie

Ly, rad = > SX =] = 5 =

nf = es \S - a =a 2

z Z NERA: Z -
SHLINS S3SIYVYSEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS saluvug

77) : rae 2) Ze (27) z a ’

= < = < = < =

oq z a ae si Zz =

= ro) Pa 5 N\ x Are) =

wo 7) 77) na ~~’ a7) AD a

re) xr fe) <r ™W! CANS OO = fe)

2 E Zz E S\S 2 E z

j = : = =

S a 2 eae 3 a 2

SONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS VY¥dil LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTI

_ wo = w _ ft) —
rr wl = uw z w Fe
Gly, © 2 Z : g : a
y foten <x al . < = < So
i fan Ss Cc S w Cc =
f? 7 = [og = N a = 5 o
rs) = Se A } = re}
z ay Zz =) z = =
SHLINS S3INYVUSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUE
z & z Uns z (rz : Zz
is fo) = 2 <0 ° = °
ON a= a wo —
5 = 5 PY ? 5 2 5
P > Rtg = E = e
y E 2 n WG = oD = D
Jez D Bae o z o or
SONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVHYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
= 3 22) = on = Se wn zm
< a ix = -s WS = <
5 ae 5 = 5 WS. z S
2 : 2 B ZR 2 2
= 2 E Zz Ee ee =
a ~ 2 a 3 a ». 2 A .
SHLINS SJ3I uvugiq_Ll BRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS Saluwvut
‘SS ws = vi = uu 2 AN i
Na = ” aa un” = 127) eis
< a < = <x 4 <
NK «= = a = ¢ oc
aie ro} a “G re) = rs) =
Pes. 25 2 =i) 2 _ z= at coe
ISONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUsIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUT!
Y/} ow _ o oat ow — ow
Ly 2 = x 5 2 = x
<> > r= > >
I E a e = E i
i 5 = 5 : Be =
o z D = 2 D z D
SHLINS SAIUYVUYAIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SAIYVUE
2) : un 2 Zee “ = no F
= < = a = < =
z 5 z 5 z .5 z
g 2 g g 8 2 8
Zz pd = E 2 = z
: ; ae eh tle 5 :
SONIAN INSTITUTION 3 —NVINOSHLINS S3 1YVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT!
na : w és 2)
i, 2 KG uw ~<am 6 u <r 2 wm wu F&F 6 Kae

ety nm “WE ote Me

i (o7) = =r wo wy = te in eg wy => wm
NI_NVINOSHLINS $31 YVUGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,, NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS
ss = ean \S = Ea ES = Z

z = Zz WN ; = Fa e 4 Fa =

3 a; BW ™ GF 9 Se) cs 3 a

= SE is XK fe) 2 \ fo) ar fo)

E Za)" = V2 = z [= z

Fe = = es = > = 5

= > :

n Zz wo te Nee rr) S
S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31NVYSIT_ SMITHSONIAN _

= iy aes = ip Ge B = By

Y % j — n Gal Feo pak y tty fr, at
26H = : : : : “Pap =

a Cyy a [a a QYy.

a “3 a a a : = Ug =

a ii z Lily 2 =F z ay if z
NI_NVINOSHLIWS (SaluvuaiT LIBRARIES i > NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS _

— > S ie 3 in 5 (ie iy z

> \o : : : g = Net
)= Wee z = se E > SS E

S WY Ee =, . = a A “SX 3

7 WS ; 5 : 5 2 WG

a) ar S w z a z a aS Zz
S$ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS, S31uWvu aly LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN |

ke 2) Fas no = Yn z
= Zan = wh, = = y, = = Zz
x =r tf, = / =

z 5 AY = lp, B a YY 5 = Zz
2 2 arts 7G ? 3 fol? f 2
= = INS Zs Vic V4 = z Sey F: = = E

= LES >" = > S Ss

a oO ne 2 Zz 7) “2 Ze =
NI_NVINOSHLINS, S31¥V4@17~ LIBRARIES. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT Oa eee ae eNOS

n a a Ww FA ul & uw

= fea = we el oc = cc
| oS lee 4 e AS < es (uae

% : oq Cc w a ~ S Ne wo

= SS o = 00 : a fon} 5 ‘ \\ oO

ies = = fe) = SS za

‘ ma 3 => = S a S =
-S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Sa1y¥VvYdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
= ‘ ° ia SK". ro) °o ;

Ee = a BS AS = 2 = e

5 4 E a = 2 = 2

Z li m 2 m aS n m o

= Z a m z= ™

= 7) = n . 2 2) = ip
NI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILALILSNI

= 2 = ere 22) a (ep) = wo

= = = WW = < S Z Z
a z S NS = = ar sti AZ =

7) oO 3 n Ns ‘, a Ons x WY 5 x

= oO 4 xz NG Oo 2 O Yt = re

= = = » 2 = 2 “iy E z

wn z ) 2 o Zz nw Zz

i ». a, of
ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSN! NVINOSHLINS Salu¥vugi7a LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN

2 2 “ = 7) = n s
a. S : G = g Shen Ae
4 a, = < =| & = & BUp =
] Zs = cc c = S a Gre C
n ~&Y 3 a = (x) 5 a ty S
a a z a 2 aj z a if Zz
NI _NVINOSHLINS S3l1uvudl ~ INSTITUTION NOILALILSNIT NVINOSHLINS
ee : z E 3 ee
wo = wo = a = ‘ =
\ 2 5 2 5 2 5 SS :
) > = > = = eB YON E
j 2 = 2 Ee . S F NS" e
m z m aS m g “wz
ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN

‘s

NOILNLILSN! NVINOSHLINS SAIYVYSIT LIBRARIES

NVINOSHLINS S31uVvudl

SIE

NVINOSHLIWS

SMITHSONIAN

NVINOSHLINS

SMITHSONIAN
/

NI_NVINOSHLINS S31YVYGIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS

ES SMITHSONIAN
Te,
NVINOSHLIWS

CC CAAITHCONIAN

z 2) ; 2

e”

ihe

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

oe a
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION ee g re

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

aoe :
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is iomed \ 4 "
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents bs i
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, ae

Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural — a ».
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as _ .
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-

curacy of the material.

tien ee a < ee Age BE hie
Reports and inquiries SiN em ie

should be mailed to:

Volume 7 July 5, 1957 Number 27
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER higher than for several years in Missouri, severe in corn in
northern Alabama but generally light in Indiana. Emergence complete
in most areas of Nebraska. (pp. 527, 542). GRASSHOPPER hatch about complete

in Kansas. Damage to alfalfa and pastures in Missouri. Light to threatening
some counties of North Dakota. Adult Melanoplus mexicanus in eastern Nebraska
and as far north as central Kansas. (p. 527). CHINCH BUG moderate to severe

on corn and sorghum in scattered areas of Missouri. Some local damage in
central Kansas. (p. 528).

FALL ARMYWORM damage heavy on corn in south central Oklahoma. (p. 528). High
populations of CORN LEAF APHID on sorghum and corn in Oklahoma, Missouri and
north central Texas. (p. 529).

PLANT BUGS continue abundant in legumes in several States. (p. 530). High
counts of POTATO LEAFHOPPER in Illinois alfalfa. Severe yellowing in Missouri.
Several States report problem on potatoes. Light to moderate in northeast
Nebraska and abundant in Delaware. (pp. 531, 533, 542).

EUROPEAN RED MITE continues to increase in southern areas of Illinois and
Indiana. ORCHARD MITES serious in southeast Pennsylvania. (pp. 532, 542).
Ten MEXICAN FRUIT FLY adults trapped in Tijuana, MEXICO. (p. 533).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER unusually heavy on vegetables in Wisconsin. Virus
transmitted by this insect appearing in Iowa. (p. 534). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM
and related species unusually troublesome on truck crops in Louisiana and
Mississippi. (p. 535).

BOLL WEEVIL threat serious in many North Carolina counties. Conditions favorable
for buildup in west Tennessee. Infestations continue lighter than usual in
Arkansas. First-generation weevils appearing in several States. (p. 537).
FLEAHOPPERS heavy in wide areas of Texas. (p. 537).

JAPANESE BEETLE outstanding insect pest in Virginia at this time. More abundant
than usual in Maryland and causing considerable injury in Delaware, Pennsylvania
and some North Carolina counties. Infestations reported from two north Georgia
counties. First adult at East St. Louis, Illinois, June 19. (p. 539).

HORN FLY populations high in Oklahoma and Iowa. (p. 540). MOSQUITOES abundant
in areas of Nevada, Nebraska, Idaho and Utah. (p. 540).

Revised SURVEY METHOD for adult GRASSHOPPERS. (p. 543) .

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 542). CORRECTION. (p. 542)..

Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 28 unless otherwise designated.

- 526 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JULY 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for July calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals over the southern half of the nation and also over the
Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States. Below normal temperatures are indicated
over the Northwestern quarter of the country. In other areas about normal tem-
peratures are predicted. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the
Pacific Northwest and Northern Plains as well as in extreme Southeast. Subnor-
mal amounts are indicated over Southern New England, Middle Atlantic States and
lower Ohio Valley. In the large remaining area of the nation near normal rain-
fall is indicated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook,"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super-
intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half
year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 1

A destructive hurricane, more wet weather and floods in the mid-continent area,
continued drought in sections along the northeastern coast, and a southwestern
heat wave were the week's weather highlights.

Audrey, the season's first and probably the worst June hurricane on record, de-
vastated southwestern Louisiana coastal areas and left a belt of heavy rainfall
along her path from the Texas-Louisiana border to central New York.

Heaviest casualties and greatest destruction from winds and tides extended from
Sabine Lake through Cameron, an inter-coastal city, to Cote Blanche Bay. Latest
estimates placed the death toll in this area at 400 and the list of injured at
1000; and an additional 10 deaths occurred in the Texas coastal area. Main pro-
perty losses included the destruction of or severe damage to 90-95 percent of
all buildings in Cameron and lower Vermillion Parishes and thousands of automo-
biles and much farm equipment destroyed;while farther inland roof damages,
shattered windows, downed trees, and power and communication lines were extensive.
Salt water inundating large rice acreage, corn blown down and a flooded cotton
field were the main crop losses. Several tornadoes fawned by Audrey killed one
person in Mississippi and destroyed several building there and in Louisiana,
Crop damage in Louisiana was preliminarily estimated at $5,000,000 and total
losses for Louisiana and Mississippi were roughly estimated at $50,000,000.

Winds reached 100 miles per hour at Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Orange, Texas.
The center was about 35 miles in diameter and passed near Vinton, Colfax, and
Monroe, Louisiana, and Greenville and Oxford, Mississippi. In Louisiana, tides
reached 11.9 feet at Cameron Court House and a combined high river stage and

hurricane tide reading of 11.4 feet at Morgan City, setting a new record there.

Audrey's history began with a week's circulation over the Bay of Campeche in the
southwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 24, Deepening as it moved northward, Navy
Aircraft Reconnaissance, at noon on the 25th, indicated the hurricane's intensity.
At the same time, a hurricane watch for the Texas and Louisiana coast was issued
by the New Orleans office of the Weather Bureau. At 1000 CST, on the 26th,
hurricane warnings were issued for the Louisiana coast and at 2200 CST, these
warnings were extended to High Island, Texas. At about 1000 CST, on June 27,
Audrey crossed the coast line about midway between Beaumont, Texas, and Lake
Charles, Louisiana. (Continued on p. 536).

- 927 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to hatch in
northernarea. (Adams) MD. - Larvae in sweet corn averaged 6.5 percent in Queen
Annes County and 58 percent in Frederick County. Third and fourth instars pre-
dominating.(U. Md.).DEL. Leaf and whorl injury on corn ranges from light at Summit
Bridge to moderately heavy many areas in Sussex County. Indications of less
damage generally. (Milliron). WEST VIRGINIA - Less than one percent infestation.
in Randolph and Hampshire Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Generally
light. Corn 40 inches tall 100 percent infested with 3-6 larvae per whorl in
Newton County. (Gould). ILLINOIS - Pupation and emergence complete except in
northeastern area where emergence is about 75 percent. Egg mass counts of 100-
400 per 100 plants on early fields. Hatch 75-100 percent except in northeastern
area where it is 50 percent. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Egg masses on about
25 percent of plants in one field of 30-36" corn (extended) in Grant County. Small
numbers elsewhere. Some mortality of newly-hatched larvae. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Percentage emergence: southwest 30, central 30, west central 25, south
central 50 (small sample). Up to 44 egg masses per 100 plants in southwest with
12 maximum count in south central. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Situation similar
over State. New egg masses still appearing. Leaf feeding showing up slowly.

_ Maximum egg counts were 500-700 per 100 plants in Perry area. (lowa Ins. Inf.).
ARKANSAS - Infestations reported from several east and northeast counties. Per-
eentage of stalks infested: Arkansas County 25 percent, Poinsett 25 percent,
Craighead 25-79 percent, Clay 20-30 percent and Independence 33 percent. (Barnes
et al.). ALABAMA - Severe in corn in north. (Eden). MISSISSIPPI - Infesting
corn in Tunica County; one large field had estimated yield reduction of 7 bushels
per acre. Specimens from Tippah County. (Ingram, Hutchins et al.). NEBRASKA -
Emergence completed in most areas. Due to stage of growth of most fields, first
brood will probably not require control measures. (Andersen). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Egg-laying underway in east central (10 masses per 100 plants) and southeast

(32 per 100). (Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - Over State as whole, numbers higher
than for several years. Borers entering stalks in southern and central areas but
still feeding in whorls in northern area. Situation ideal for heavy second and
third-generation damage in southeast. Early corn in central area heavily infested
with second to fourth instars. (Kyd, Thomas).

GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Nymphs per square yard: 1-4 in cheatgrass rangeland
area from Wishram to Alderdale, 5-6 in cheatgrass range and 5-40 in crop area south
of Ephrata, up to 5 in margins north of Davenport, up to 10 in range area north of
Wilbur. (Parkinson). NEVADA - Twelve Oedalenonotus enigma per square yard on 500
acres in northern Lander County, some migration. (Del Curto). Camnula pellucida
hatch completed at Deeth, Elko County. Hot dry weather producing some local mi-
gration of various species. (Gallaway, June 22). IDAHO - Heavy in grassy mar-
gins and roadsides Grangeville area. (Cook). Widespread, mostly young Melanoplus
mexicanus, with up to 100 per square yard in spots in Whitebird area. Average

20 per Square yard in Notch Butte area. In Malad area over 20 per square yard,
chiefly in roadsides; predominantly M. bivittatus, (Smith). Averaging 35 per
square yard on 15,000 acres of rangeland in Gem and Payette Counties. Of the
species about 40 percent O. enigma, 30 percent M. mexicanus. (Evans). UTAH -
Hatch continues generally. Damage to crops and range in Some areas. (Knowlton).
IOWA - Low, 2-10 per square yard, in central and southern areas. Hatch continues.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEBRASKA - M. mexicanus in adult stage in eastern area. Counts
of this species, M. bivittatus, M. differentialis and M. femur-rubrum from 83-

601 per 100 sweeps in southeast and 60-310 per 100 sweeps in northeast. (Andersen).
OKLAHOMA - Light for time year in central and southern counties. Most range areas
have 1-3 per square yard. Most abundant forms are fourth and fifth instar M.
differentialis, M. femur-rubrum, Mermeria sp. and adult Mel. occidentalis. Light

in alfalfa also. (Coppock). KANSAS - Melanoplus spp. hatch about complete and
adult M. mexicanus as far north as Dickinson County, central area. Many local
areas have 30-50 per square yard. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Melanoplus spp.
populations vary greatly, major species M. differentialis. In scattered areas of
northern half of State 3-20 per square in margins and 2-15 in cropland. Damage

to alfalfa, clovers, pastures and gardens. Nymphs mostly third and fourth

- 528 -

instars. No damage to row crops yet. (Kyd, Thomas). NORTH DAKOTA - Light to
threatening populations of M. bivittatus and M. mexicanus in areas of Benson,
Rolette and Pembina Counties; mostly third and fourth instars but some adults.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.). MINNESOTA - Heavy mortality of early-hatched M. bivittatus
in southeast, south central, central, north central and northwest districts.
Only a small hatch of M. femur-rubrum has occurred but should be complete soon
after first cutting of alfalfa. C. pellucida predominant in fields in areas of
Marshall and Kittson Counties with averages as high as 50 per square yard.
WISCONSIN - Major hatch expected after first hay crop removed. (Wist°Ins. Suxrt)-
ILLINOIS - Nymphs 0-54 per square yard in alfalfa. Heaviest in west. Also
abundant some roadsides and fence rows. (111. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Nymphs
and adults of Conocephalus brevipennis very abundant in alfalfa in New Castle
County. (Milliron).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Two percent infestation on corn in

whorl stage, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common in corn
whorls, Rising Sun southward. (Milliron). NORTH CAROLINA - Average of 0.6 egg
per corn silk in Duplin County. (Farrier). FLORIDA - Larvae averaged one or more
per ear on 20 acres of corn in Alachua County. (Hunter, June 15). ILLINOIS -
Moths as far north as Dekalb. (111. Ins. Rept.). TEXAS - Severe widespread on
corn in Red River County. (Herschler). ARKANSAS - Extremely light in silking
corn. Eggs difficult to find. Insidious flower bugs plentiful and probably
destroying eggs. Moth catches very light. (Barnes et al.). OKLAHOMA - Light

in south central area. Entering ears of early corn in Garvin and Carter Counties.
(Arbuthnot, Coppock, Gifford). UTAH - Reported only from Washington and Kane
Counties to June 24. (Hughes, Knowlton). ARIZONA - Medium on 40 acres of corn

in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ALABAMA - Damage to lawns in Dale and Covington
Counties. (Grimes.). KANSAS - Nymphs damaging a few milo fields in central
counties; margins adjacent to barley and wheat show discoloration and destruction
in some areas. Adults throughout some small grain sorghum fields. (Matthew).
MISSOURI - Scattered areas over northern half and west central areas have moderate
to severe populations in corn and grain sorghums. Migration from small grains
continues in northern third of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Threat remains. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
MINNESOTA — Small numbers of moths over State. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). MICHIGAN -
Appearing in Grand Haven and Bay City in fields of lodged small grain. Some
migration. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Two small outbreaks on oats in Franklin and
York Counties, June 20. Some spotted injury Lancaster County. (Pepper). IOWA -
Few in corn in Webster County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

CUTWORMS - ILLINOIS - Damage still occurring on corn, one field was 85 percent
destroyed. (111. Ins. Rept.). INDIANA - Destroying several hundred acres of
corn in Union County. (Gould). NEBRASKA - Euxoa detersa light and spotted in
corn in several counties. (Andersen). MISSOURI - Destroying stands of corn

and cotton in some overflow land in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas).
WASHINGTON - Crymodes devastator adults emerged in grass seed-growing areas near

Dishman. (Harwood).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - On corn over State. Last instar
larvae as far north aS Winnsboro. (Oliver). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation and
damage on corn in south central counties. Occurring in 30-90 percent of whorl-
stage corn. Up to 60 percent of later corn has larvae in silks. (Arbuthnot,
Coppock, Gifford).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - MARYLAND - Average of 7 percent
in corn, Prince Georges County, light in St. Marys and Caroline Counties. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Much damage to corn in Patrick County. (Amos,
Olinger). DELAWARE - Larvae common at Rising Sun to very numerous near Georgetown
in whorls of corn. (Milliron).

- 529 -

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - LOUISIANA - Damaging corn in
areas of Franklin Parish. (Oliver). ARIZONA - Light in June-planted sorghum in
Phoenix area, 335 plants damaged in 900 feet of row. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - Light on 80 acres
of sorghum and medium on 40 acres of corn in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
OKLAHOMA - Light on corn in Cleveland County. (Arbuthnot, Coppock, Gifford).
ARKANSAS - Infestation from 25-35 percent in Cleburne County. (Barnes et al.).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) -— LOUISIANA - Counts of second generation
borer on 2 sugarcane plantations averaged 270 per acre in St. Mary Parish and 162
per acre in Iberia Parish. (Oliver).

STALK BORERS - TEXAS - Medium on corn in Red River County. (Herschler).
DELAWARE - Papaipema nebris common in corn whorls near Georgetown. (Milliron).

NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - MISSOURI - Several fields of
early corn along Mississippi River, especially in Mississippi and New Madrid
Counties, show spots of severe lodging. (Kyd, Thomas).

SAP BEETLES —- MARYLAND - Over 4 percent of corn examined in Queen Annes County
infested. Building up. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Carpophilus spp. adults
in most early corn over State. (Kyd, Thomas).

WHITE GRUBS - ILLINOIS - Scattered damage to corn. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). NEVADA -
Aphodius sp. grubs range up to 100 per square foot in native pasture in Elko
County. Severe damage to principal grasses. (Menke).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -— DELAWARE - Unusual
number of adults active on corn in Georgetown-Bridgeville area. (Milliron).

SOD WEBWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Local replanting of corn in Lancaster and Somerset
Counties. (Pepper, Udine).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Adults feeding on corn in several
areas. Unusually abundant and destructive near Georgetown and Bridgeville.
(Milliron).

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - INDIANA - Injuring corn in Allen, Marshall, Pulaski
and Starke Counties. (Gould).

WIREWORMS - ILLINOIS - Occasional fields damaged. Up to 4 larvae per hill of corn.
(I11. Ins. Rept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaging corn in Grant County. (N. D. Ins. Rept.)
MISSOURI - Widely-scattered fields of small corn in extreme southeast have spots

up to 1 acre in size killed by Horistonotus uhlerii. (Kyd, Thomas).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - New infestation reported on lower
Sonoma Range, Pershing County. Copulation occurring. (Gallaway, June 22).
IDAHO - Scattered adults on range areas in Payette and Gem Counties. Most
females gravid. (Evans).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - Extremely light in wheat
fields in eastern area. (Mackie). Same in northern area but slowly building up
in some fields. (Gittins). WASHINGTON - Moderate infestation on grain heads

in Moses Lake area. Treatment in occasional field. (Landis).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread on grain sorghum
in Delta and Kaufman Counties. (Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Generally heavy on corn,
hundreds per tassel. (Arbuthnot, Coppock, Gifford). MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy
in whorls of corn and grain sorghum. Apparently no damage. (Kyd, Thomas).

- 530 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Widespread but generally moderate on
alfalfa in eastern area with Some severe infestation in Raft River Valley and

Ft. Hall areas. Early cutting of alfalfa hay to reduce losses general throughout
entire southern part or State. (Mackie, Smith). About 90 percent pupation in
Adams County. (Portman). UTAH - Retarding some second-crop alfalfa. (Knowlton).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae average 60 per 10 sweeps in uncut alfalfa, Lawrence County.
No economic loss to first hay crop in area. (Walstrom, Lofgren). PENNSYLVANIA -
Adults fairly plentiful on alfalfa in south central area where poor control
obtained earlier. (Pepper).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - IDAHO - Abundant on clovers in
Benewah, Kootenai and Bonner Counties. Counts often exceeding 5 per sweep.
(Mackie). Counts of 2-3 per sweep on clover in Grangeville area. (Cook, Portman).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium)maculata) - CALIFORNIA -
Appeared about 6 weeks earlier than in 1956 on Ryer Tsland, Solano County.

Light generally but populations ranged to heavy in Chino district of San
Bernardino County and general infestation ranging to severe in Tulare County.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., May). UTAH - Increasing in abundance in several southern
localities including Kane County. Present in 7 southern counties now. (Knowlton,
Rose). TEXAS - None found in Rockwall County. (Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Low in all
sections. Counts in central and southern fields 0-5 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).
KANSAS — None found in alfalfa fields in 7 central counties. Few found in

Marion County with counts of 10-25 per 25 sweeps. No populations of importance
in State at present. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - Light in 5 counties in southeast and
9 in northeast areas. (Andersen). ILLINOIS - Up to 30 per 100 sweeps in
Hancock, Adams, Pike and Calhoun Counties. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). VIRGINIA -
Widespread in Prince Edward County alfalfa fields but control not warranted.
(Striplin).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ILLINOIS - Up to 10,000 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa
in west and southwest sections. (111. Ins. Rept.). MINNESOTA - Counts high on
alfalfa in northwest. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant in alfalfa
fields of Clark area; 180 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Light to
moderate in northeast; 75-150 per 25 sweeps. Fungus disease effective.
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Light, fairly uniform populations in central and
southern alfalfa fields (10-50 aphids per 10 sweeps.). ARIZONA - Counts of
15-20 per sweep on alfalfa in areas of Maricopa County. Generally decreasing

in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Lygus bugs generally moderate to numerous, nymphs abundant.
Injury to alfalfa buds common to delayed-treated seed crop. (Knowlton).

ARIZONA - Lygus spp. found at 3-4 adults, 2-3 nymphs per sweep on 80 acres of
alfalfa in Maricopa County. Building up on alfalfa at Safford, Graham County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Adelphocoris lineolatus very abundant in alfalfa
in northeast with counts of 50-75 per 25 sweeps, A. rapidus adult counts of
7-15 adults per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in northeast. (Andersen). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Lygus sp. nymphs and adults averaged 28 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in east central
and northeast areas. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - A. lineolatus averaged 1.5

per sweep on birdsfoot trefoil in Norman and Clay Counties. Lygus sp. averaged
12 per sweep on alfalfa near Stephen and caused severe blasting of buds. (Minn.
Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Increasing in alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). ILLINOIS -
Plant bug nymphs counts of 10-640 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in west and south-
west sections. (Ill. Ins. Rept.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Large numbers in alfalfa
sweepings at Huntingdon. (Udine). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1-3 per sweep on
alfalfa in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Heaviest in
southwest area; 8-500 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa. (111. Ins. Rept.). LOUISIANA -
Heavy in alfalfa in Bossier Parish with counts of 300-400 per 100 sweeps in
several fields. (Oliver). MINNESOTA - Averaged 2.5 per sweep on birdsfoot
trefoil in Norman and Clay Counties. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Very
abundant most alfalfa fields. Counts of 25-80 per 25 sweeps in northeast. |
(Andersen). :

- 531 -

OKLAHOMA - Increasing in legumes in all areas. Counts of 20-30 adults per 10
sweeps in Garvin, McClain and Murray Counties (south-central); lower other areas.
(Coppock).

SPITTLEBUGS ~- GEORGIA - Moderate infestation on Coastal Bermuda grass in Burke
County. Grass apparently dying from attack. (Johnson). IDAHO - Very abundant
on a wide variety of wild and cultivated plants in northern area. Some red
clover fields near Coeur d'Alene moderately heavy infested, and considerable
"oumming" of flower heads. Bulk of population reached late instars or adult
stage. (Gittins).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - MINNESOTA - Marked increase from 1956 noted in
Epicauta sp. populations, some alfalfa fields averaging 1-2 per sweep. (Minn.
Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Some feeding of E. fabricii in alfalfa in northeast
counties. Counts average 11 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adults on most alfalfa and
clover fields throughout northern area. Counts seldom exceeding 1 per 2 sweeps.
(Gittins).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE - Larvae very common
in alfalfa generally. (Milliron). OKLAHOMA - Light in central counties, none in
southern counties. (Coppock).

A WEBWORM (Loxostege sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Building up rapidly in most central and
southern alfalfa fields. Counts of 8-15 larvae per 10 sweeps common. (Coppock).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - LOUISIANA - Appearing inalfalfa in Bossier
Parish, only an occasional larva found. (Oliver).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - NEBRASKA - Light to moderate in
alfalfa fields in northeast counties. Counts of 1-6 per 25 sweeps. Many larvae
parasitized. (Andersen). IOWA - Variegated cutworms and armyworms damaging
second growth alfalfa in Guthrie County. Average of 4 per plant or 15 per
square foot. Control warranted. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

A CLOVER BUD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha conversana) - IDAHO - Heavy in isolated
spots within a few fields of alsike clover northeast of Grangeville and destroying
90 percent of clover blossoms. (Cook, Portman).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ILLINOIS - Ten to 100 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in west and southwest sections. (111. Ins. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Common
in McClain County, 12-16 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). of

THRIPS - ALABAMA - Frankliniella fusca damaging peanuts in Houston County.
(Grimes). DELAWARE - Anaphothrips obScurus throughout State. Lower leaves of
corn heavily injured near Glasgow. (Milliron).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming more abundant in
alfalfa in south central but not much injury to second cutting expected. (Pepper).
About 3 per sweep on alfalfa, Huntingdon. (Udine). MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs
averaged 2—8 per sweep on alfalfa in Montgomery and Frederick Counties. Some
light injury. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Abundant in alfalfa at Summit
Bridge. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Counts of 500-6,000 adults per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in west, west southwest and southwest sections. Nymphs 300-8,900 per

100 sweeps. (I11. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Counts of 110 per 100 sweeps in
Dane County alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - On alfalfa at 1 per 100
sweeps at Stephen. Average of 11 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa at Rosemount. (Minn.
Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in east central alfalfa.
(Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Light to moderate in alfalfa in northeast. Counts

of 10-80 per 100 sweeps. Counts in panhandle area of 0-3 per 100 sweeps, high
count of 133 per 100 sweeps taken east of Lincoln. (Andersen).

- 532 -

KANSAS —- Populations vary greatly from field to field. "Hopper-burn" to alfalfa
in 6 central counties. Counts of 18-55 per sweep. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Severe
yellowing on alfalfa over State. Counts in central and southeast areas of

70-420 nymphs and adults per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa
throughout State. Counts of 10-40 per 10 sweeps generally. Causing yellows

in at least one field in Payne County. (Coppock).

FRUIT INSECTS

ORCHARD MITES - COLORADO - Populations in peach and apple orchards in Delta and
Mesa Counties reduced. (Exp. Sta.). ILLINOIS - Metatetranychus ulmi increasing
in untreated orchards in Carbondale area. (Chandler). INDIANA - General increase
of M. ulmi in Vincennes area. Leaves show some mottling. (Hamilton). Generally
low on apples at Orleans, increasing in localized areas. Damage to peaches at
minimum. (Marshall). MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on upper apple leaves in
Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Very serious in southeast.
(Asquith). M. ulmi and Tetranychus telarius increasing rapidly where uncontrolled
on apple in South central area, (Pepper). Appearing on cherry in Erie County.
(Adams) .

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - ILLINOIS - Numerous many orchards at Carbondale.
(Chandler). DELAWARE —- Prevalent all locations. (Kelsey). IDAHO - Moderate
infestations causing considerable leaf curling at Idaho Falls. (Mackie).

UTAH - Seriously infesting some northern home orchards. (Knowlton) .
PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on water sprouts in south central area. (Pepper).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Light most orchards in Mesa
County.) (Exp. Star

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Adult emergence from overwintering
larvae about complete at Vincennes. (Hamilton). Hatch building up toward second-
brood peak at Orleans. Peak of entries should occur in Orleans area around July

4 to 10. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - Hatch of second brood should begin July 1 at
Carbondale. (Chandler). WISCONSIN - Emergence extended in Door County. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). MICHIGAN — Peak egg-laying in Berrien County week of June 17.
(Hutson). MINNESOTA - Larvae 4 to 4 inch long in apples; development slow.

(Minn. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults still emerging, some larvae almost
mature in south central area. (Pepper).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotenia velutinana) - DELAWARE - Early instars active
at Rising Sun. (Kelsey). WISCONSIN - First generation becoming more evident

in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MICHIGAN - Ten percent emergence of adults and
more than 50 percent pupation . (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs hatching and

young larvae feeding on apple in south central area. (Pepper).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - About 8 percent of expected
number emerged at Waltham. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) -—- COLORADO - Pupation underway in Larimer,
Mesa and Delta Counties. Emergence earlier than realized. (Exp. Sta.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - First-brood activity peak
June 17 to 18 at Vincennes. Injury light except in localized orchards. (Hamilton).
ILLINOIS - New twig infestations starting some orchards at Carbondale. (Chandler).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - IDAHO - Damaging infestations on
plums at Bonners Ferry. (Portman).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) -— ILLINOIS — Second-brood adults emerging
at Carbondale. "Expected to be heavier than in past several years. (Chandler).

- 533 -

CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - WISCONSIN - Populations high some Door
County orchards. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

A CHERRY CURCULIO (Tachypterellus consors cerasi) - COLORADO - Heavy infestation,
70-80 percent damage, in sour cherries in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Three adults trapped at Tijuana,
Baja California, during the week ending June 19 and seven during week ending
June 28. These are the first trapped during 1957. The forty-third spray
application is in progress in area. (PPC, Mex. Reg.).

CURRANT BORER (Ramosia tipuliformis) - MICHIGAN - Very numerous in currants
in Eau Claire area. (Hutson).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Damaging pecan foliage. (Eden,
Grimes).

AN APHID (Monellia sp.) - FLORIDA - Unusually heavy infestations on pecans in
Monticello area, Jefferson County. (Phillips, June 17).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - FLORIDA - Moderate to heavy damage
from first-generation larvae to pecans in Monticello area, Jefferson County.
Second-generation larvae now active. (Phillips).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - VIRGINIA - Very heavy damage to tomatoes
in Westmoreland County. (Ptucha). DELAWARE - Larvae active earlier than
usual on green tomatoes. (Late News.). INDIANA - Populations low on early
tomatoes in Knox County. (Osmun).

A TORTOISE BEETLE (Deloyala vittata) - MICHIGAN - Common on tomatoes in
Traverse City area. utson).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - PENNSYLVANIA - Injury showing many
untreated potato fields in South central area. (Pepper).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MAINE - Populations generally light in Presque
Isle vicinity, moderate on potatoes one farm. (Shands).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming more abundant on
potatoes and beans in south central area. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Heavy on
potatoes in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Numerous at
Smyrna; very abundant at Harrington. (Milliron). WISCONSIN - Populations
building up, should be controlled. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NORTH DAKOTA - None
collected on potatoes to date. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Severely damaging
potato and bean plantings. (lowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - Continued damage to
beans and potatoes and other crops. (Kyd, Thomas).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adult counts on matrimonyvine

40 per 100 sweeps. Eggs and nymphs common. Some nymphs third instar. (Exp. Sta.).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - VIRGINIA - Very heavy damage to tomatoes in
Westmoreland County. (Ptucha). DELAWARE - Not numerous anywhere on tomatoes.
(Milliron).

FLEA BEETLES - MAINE - Populations of Epitrix cucumeris on potatoes generally
very light in Presque Isle vicinity, feeding injury spotted. (Shands).
PENNSYLVANIA - Adult Systena blanda feeding heavy on carrot foliage in York
County. Very abundant With serious injury to radish in south central area.
(Pepper). DELAWARE - E. cucumeris severe several areas. (Milliron).

- 534 -

MICHIGAN - E. cucumeris very numerous on solanaceous plants at Sodus, June 21.

S. blanda numerous on truck crops in Sodus, Stevensville, Niles and St. Joseph
areas and troublesome on some sugar beet fields in Munger area. (Hutson).
WISCONSIN - Populations of E. cucumeris high in most potato and tomato-growing
areas. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NORTH DAKOTA - Populations of E. cucumeris much below
normal for date. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). IDAHO - Heavy damage by Phyllotreta
pusilla to sugar beets and cabbages in two fields in Madison County. (Mackie).
E, subcrinita common in Bingham, Butte, Custer and Fremont Counties. Most
abundant on potatoes in Fremont County, several fields with 1-5 per plant.
(Bishop).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
abundant on untreated potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). DELAWARE -
Larvae and adults continue destructive on commercial tomatoes near Bridgeville.
(Milliron). NORTH DAKOTA - Extremely light infestations in Grand Forks and
northern Thraill Counties. Populations apparently lowest in 10 years. (N. D.
Ins. Rept.). COLORADO - Populations widespread through eastern area; lighter
than anticipated generally. (Bishop).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Populations higher
than for years many sections. Control warranted on lettuce, celery, carrots and
parsnips. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations average 12 per 10
sweeps in flax in northeastern area. (Hantsbarger). IOWA - Infected up to 6
percent of carrots with virus some fields in Clear Lake. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

ROOT MAGGOTS (Hylemya spp.) - WISCONSIN - H. antiqua and H. brassicae attacking
hosts some sections. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MICHIGAN - H. antiqua and H. cilicrura
adults emerging in numbers at Stockbridge, Bath and East Lansing. (Hutson).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults increasing on
collards in Duplin County. (Farrier).

CABBAGEWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to cause damage on untreated cabbage in
south central area. (Pepper).

CABBAGE CURCULIO (Ceutorhynchus rapae) — PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation 3
plantings of broccoli and cabbage in Clearfield County; less numerous on cabbage
with 20 per plant. (Adams).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - ALABAMA - Damaging squash in Covington
County. (Grimes).

SQUASH BUGS - DELAWARE - Anasa tristis and A. armigera adults and eggs numerous in
Harrington and Bridgeville-Georgetown areas. (Milliron).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - MICHIGAN - Diabrotica spp. continue troublesome in East Lansing
area, (Hutson). WEST VIRGINIA - Acalymma vittata light on cucumbers with some
wilting in Randolph County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - A. vittata abundant
on squash at Harrington. (Milliron). z

STINK BUGS - LOUISIANA - Euschistus bifibulus continues heavy on tomatoes in

St. Bernard and Plaquemine Parishes. Nezara viridula moderate on cowpeas in
Bossier Parish. TEXAS - Heavy local infestations on blackeyed peas in Van Zandt
County. (Hawkins).

SPIDER MITES - MASSACHUSETTS —- Serious some areas on beans, cucumbers and other
vegetables. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). MARYLAND - Tetranychus telarius moderate
to severe on raspberry in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Heavy infestations of Tetranychus sp. in commerical lima beans in Primehook Neck
area. (Milliron). ison oC oe

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ALABAMA - Severe damage to pole beans in
Cullman County. (Ruffin).

- 535 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Populations exceptionally low. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). IDAHO —- Very abundant on untreated fields in parts of Latah and Nez
Perce Counties. Light to moderate in Benewah, Kootenai and Bonner Counties.
(Gittins). Infestation continue generally heavy, ranging from 5-20 per tip

in Moscow area. Most fields require second treatment. (Portman).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Unusually prevalent on
lima beans north of Frederica. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Abundant and caused
total destruction of untreated beans some plantings in eastern area. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster). COLORADO - Activity increased with wide distribution in
Larimer, Weld, Adams and Boulder Counties. Egg numerous. Control warranted.
(Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Damaging in Kane County and appearing commonly with some
damage in central and northern areas. (Knowlton).

BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - LOUISIANA - Damaging beans in St. Bernard
and Plaquemine Parishes. (Oliver).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - LOUISIANA - Very heavy and damaging
to okra in St. Bernard and Plaquemine Parishes. Causing more damage to
vegetable crops and more widespread than any time during past decade. (Oliver).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - MICHIGAN - Numerous on onions at Sodus, spring
wheat at East Lansing and garden crops at Traverse City. (Hutson, June 21).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - MARYLAND - Heavy outbreaks of adults
in Salisbury area; homeowners alarmed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - MINNESOTA - Adults averaged
1-5 per 10 minute observation in sugar beet fields north of Crookston and
Stephen. Apparently less numerous than 1955 or 1956. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - WISCONSIN - Moderate to
heavy in several counties, more acute in untreated plantings. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - IDAHO - Moderate to severe root
damage in strawberry field northwest of Nezperce. (Mackie).

THRIPS - VIRGINIA - Heavy on raspberries in Westmoreland County. (Ptucha).

ARMYWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging in Lincoln, Neshoba, Perry and Stone Counties
to truck crops and gardens. (Kislanko, Hutchins). LOUISIANA - Laphygma
frugiperda, Prodenia ornithogalli, P. eridania and Prodenia sp. generally
troublesome on vegetables in St. Bernard and Plaquemine Parishes. (Oliver).

APHIDS ON POTATOES - MAINE - Spring migrations in progress in Presque Isle and
vicinity. Peaks of maturation of spring migrants of Aphis abbreviata and A.
solanifolii occurred soon after mid-June; still maturing but spring migration of

A. solanifolii ending. Populations on untreated potatoes rose sharply during

week. Approximately 5 percent of plants infested compared with 1 and 1/2

percent week ending June 22. A. abbreviata predominate, followed by A. solanifolii
and Myzus solani. (Shands). UTAH —- Myzus persicae generally moderate on

potatoes. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Seventy percent of early-potato crop

infested with winged and wingless forms of M. persicae in Babcock Ridge area

near Quincy. Require treatment. (Landis).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) -— MARYLAND - Light to moderate first brood damage to
tobacco in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Average 2-5 eggs and one first instar larvae per 50 plants generally. (Guthrie,
Barron).

- 536 -

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Very light on tobacco
in eastern area. (Guthrie, Barron).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Moderate infestations on
tobacco in Tift County. Moderate to heavy in Irwin, Coffee, Bacon, Ware and
Pierce Counties. (Johnson).

A TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus sp.) - VIRGINIA - Adults causing medium damage to
margins of 5 acre tobacco field in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH CAROLINA - General and very light on tobacco in eastern
area. (Guthrie, Barron).

RE AK IK OK EO 2 AE 2K og 2 2K 2 2 ok 2 2K a

Continued from page 526

Frontal rains were unusually heavy from east central Kansas to central Indiana
on the 27 and 28, Totals of 3-5 inches fell in east central Kansas and 3-7
inches in east central Missouri. In Illinois, a 30-50 mile wide belt extended
across Illinois from Carlinville to Paris where over 5 inches fell in 15 hours
with peak amounts of 9-11 inches from Pana to Paris, Severe flooding of farm
land resulted and many highways were under water for 1-3 days. A belt of heavy
rain extended into Indiana to above Indianapolis where 6-7 inches in 24 hours
caused much damage and several persons were drowned.

The week's rainfall exceeded two inches over much of the Ohio and lower Mississippi
Valleys, Alabama, southern Missouri, and eastern Kansas, The heavy rain and wet
soil caused a further decline in wheat, corn, soybean, and cotton prospects, except
in southern Alabama where the rains were generally beneficial.

Along the northeastern coast, drought continued in southern Maryland, most of New
Jersey, Rhode Island, parts of Connecticut, and Southeastern Massachusetts.

Rainfall generally was light in Arkansas and Texas and the western great plains.
West of the continental divide, rainfall was limited to some scattered showers in
Arizona and some northern sections, The dry, sunny weather favored crops in most
of the Far West.

In the Southwest, hot days were the rules. On the 24, Bakersfield, California,
recorded 111° equaling the airport record set there in 1933. At Presidio, Texas,
the mercury rose to 112° or above each day after the 24, and Yuma, Arizona, re-
corded 120° on the 24, Temperatures for the week averaged from 3-6 degrees above
normal in this area, while the coolest weather relative to normal occurred in

the north central interior, where weekly averages were 3-6° below normal.
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 537 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Serious threat in many
counties. High weevil populations in many Piedmont fields and high square counts
also reported. From 3 to 80 percent infestation in untreated cotton in 18
counties. Some high counts: 80 percent on 5 farms in Montgomery County, 66

on 1 in Richmond County, 61 on 4 in Hoke County, 49 on 3 in Scotland.Co. (Cott.
News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported increasing over State. (Cott. Lett.).
Fourteen percent infestation in untreated plots in 6 experimental fields,

Florence County. Thirty-two treated fields in Darlington County had 10 percent
punctured squares. First-generation weevils appearing most fields. (Walker et al.).
TENNESSEE - Weather ideal for buildup in southwestern counties, and overwintered
weevils very active in cotton having squares. Average square infestation in 5
counties was 19 percent compared with 17 at same time last year. Considerable
damage expected if rains continue. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Between generations
in delta counties; 2.6 percent square infestation in 30 fields. First-generation
weevils appearing. (Merkl et al.). ALABAMA - Twenty-four fields checked in 5
southeastern counties and all fields found infested at rate of 32 percent
punctured squares. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Squares examined in 75 fields in
Madison Parish and all fields infested. Forty untreated fields had 27 percent
and 35 treated fields had 18 percent infested. (Smith et al.). GEORGIA -— Average of
20 percent punctured squares in 32 fields in 17 middle and south Georgia counties.
(Johnson). ARKANSAS - A few first-generation weevils emerging in early cotton in
extreme southeast. Infestations continue lighter than usual. Of 2739 fields
scouted, 721 or 26 percent infested compared with 18 percent last week and 50
percent a year ago. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Migration underway in lower Rio
Grande Valley; considerable boll damage. (Deer). Light in coastal bend, south
central, east and central areas and light to medium in southwest area. (Turney,
Martin, June 21).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - GEORGIA - Of 32 fields checked in middle

and southern counties, 12 infested with average of 2 eggs and 1 larva per 100
terminals. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Found in 17 of 24 fields in 5 southeastern

counties; average infestations light to medium. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Between
generations in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Increasing in west
Tennessee with some fields requiring control. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Hardly

enough to warrant controls in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS -
Infestations light. Low moth catches indicate that infestation in cotton should
continue light for some time.(Barnes). TEX. - Generally light June 21.(Martin, Turney) .

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Heavy in many fields of lower Valley, coastal bend, south-
west, upper coastal and parts of south central and east areas. (Turney, Martin,
June 21). TENNESSEE - Some increase. (Locke).

PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Tarnished plant bugs causing light damage in a few
delta county fields. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Light damage to small squares
in Fayette County. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Fleahoppers and tarnished plant bug
more abundant in most fields in Madison Parish than usual. Thirty fleahopper
adults and 4 nymphs and 25 tarnished plant bug adults and 1 nymph per 100 sweeps
in one location. (Smith et al.). ARIZONA - Eight to 10 Lygus spp. per 100
sweeps and 10-12 Spanogonicus albofasciatus on scattered fields throughout Salt
River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Generally light, June 21. (Martin, Turney). ALABAMA -

Light on cotton in 5 southeastern counties. (Grimes). GEORGIA - Aphis gossypii
light on cotton in Twiggs, Bleckley and Pulaski Counties; moderate in Irwin
County. (Johnson).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Light over most of State. (Turney, Martin, June 21). ARIZONA -
Abundant in scattered fields in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Increased infestations in lower Rio

Grande Valley. (Deer).

- 538 -

SPIDER MITES - GEORGIA - Light on cotton in Irwin and Warren Counties. (Johnson).

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontiadacia) - TEXAS - Light in Waller County. (Turney,
Martin, June 21).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Damage in Schleicher County. (Martin, Turney, June 21).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - As high as 30
adults per pine tree in Venango, Warren, McKean, Crawford and Erie Counties.
(Adams).

SHOOT MOTHS - PENNSYLVANIA - Rhyacionia buoliana emerged evenly on pine in north-
east and southeastern areas. R. rigidana infesting new Scotch pine
shoots in Crawford and Somerset Counties. (Udine, Adams).

TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - VIRGINIA - Severe on trees and shrubs in
Greenville County, probably Malacosoma americanum. (Rogers). MINNESOTA - De-
foliation by M. disstria light to complete in St. Louis County, heaviest in
Brookston and Alborn areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs of M.
americanum very abundant in southwestern and northwestern areas. (Adams, Udine).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - Nests conspicuous throughout State.
(Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Webs easily noticed along roads on trees in south cen-
tral area. (Pepper).

MITES — NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations light to moderate on juniper and spruce.
(N.D. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Very severe infestation of Tetranychus telarius
on foxglove in Centre County. (Udine).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - PENNSYLVANIA - Small larvae very abundant in
pine stumps in Somerset County. (Udine).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - WEST VIRGINIA - Numerous adults on pine
in Mineral County. (W.Va. Ins. Surv.).

RED-HEADED ASH BORER (Neoclytus acuminatus) - IDAHO - Causing some mortality to

mountainash trees in Jerome area. (Wiswall).
PINE CHAFER (Anomala oblivia) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliated about 40 acres of

pine in Craven County. (McCambridge).

APHIDS - IDAHO - Light infestations on ponderosa pine and moderate to severe on
lupines in Spirit Lake area. (Gittins). Considerable numbers on willows in
Idaho Falls vicinity, damage not evident. (Mackie). UTAH - Problem many locali-
ties on shade trees. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Cinara watsoni quite heavy,
15-20 per 18 inch leader, in Scotch pine plantations in northeastern area.
(Adams). Few on all Scotch pines in southeastern area. (Udine).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous damage
from Smyrna southward. (Milliron).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - MICHIGAN - Widespread outbreak on
oak and other deciduous trees in RoScommon and Grayling vicinities of Crawford
and Montmorency Counties. (Hutson).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Injury to black locust in-
creasing in central area. Adults and larvae present. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - MARYLAND - Heavy on deciduous magnolia
in Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). :

- 539 -

A TENTHREDINID (Caliroa sp.) - DELAWARE - Larvae and damage common on oak at
Greenwood. (MilTiron).

WEBWORMS (Salebria afflictella, Tetralopha melanogrammos) -— DELAWARE - Larval in-
jury to sweetgums most abundant in Sussex and Kent Counties. (Milliron).

ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - NEBRASKA - Damaging elms in south cen-
tral area. (Hagen).

A CEDAR SCALE (Cryptaspidiotus shastae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestations some
localities in central counties; crawlers active. (Apt.).

BAGWORM (Thryridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - General throughout State.
Some spruces and junipers almost defoliated in areas of Kent County. (Milliron).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - UTAH - Elms severely attacked at Logan
and Salt Lake. (Knowlton).

LACE BUGS - MARYLAND - Heavy injury to white oaks in Howard County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

A LEAF BEETLE - IDAHO - Abundant larvae and adults causing severe defoliation to
willows at Idaho Falls. (Mackie).

MAGNOLIA SCALE (Neolecanium cornuparvum) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation most
magnolia trees in Westmoreland County. (Udine).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Webbing in mimosa apparent in
southern counties. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First instars active at
Smyrna and Harrington. (Milliron).

MOURNING CLOAK BUTTERFLIES - NEVADA - Larvae numerous throughout northern area;
damaging willows and cottonwoods. (Burge, Gallaway). UTAH - Nymphalis antiopa
damaging elm and willow foliage in several northern areas. (Knowlton).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - MINNESOTA - Very numerous in New Brighton-
Circle Pines area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor) - NEBRASKA - Populations higher than recent
years. (Pruess).

A LEAFHOPPER (Macropsis fumipennis) - DELAWARE - Adults numerous on honeylocust
at Smyrna. (Milliron).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Causing more concern than any
other pest at present in State. Infestations light to severe many hosts. Newly-
infested areas reported in Smyth, Halifax and Prince Edward Counties. (Morris et
al.). MARYLAND - More abundant than usual most sections. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Several heavy infestations in Pender, Rowan and Pitt Counties.
(Honeycutt, Corriher, Mobly). ILLINOIS - First adult East St. Louis, June 19.
(111. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Very abundant and destructive in New Castle County
to ornamentals. (Milliron). GEORGIA - Feeding on shade trees in Clayton and Hall
Counties. (Ga. Dept. of Ent.). WEST VIRGINIA - Populations from light to medium
in northern,eastern and central areas. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
very abundant generally causing considerable injury. (Pepper, Udine).

- 540 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Populations very high throughout native meadowland in
northern area, (Gallaway). MINNESOTA - Brood of Aedes vexans emerged. Another
brood expected about July 5. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Heavy population of
Aedes dorsalis in northern Dawes and Sioux Counties and the upper Platte Valley.
TRapp). IDAHO - More abundant than usual throughout northern area, causing con-
siderable annoyance. (Gittins). UTAH - Abundant and very annoying in many coun-
ties. (Knowlton).

FLIES - IOWA - Attacking cattle and more numerous this year than in the past 6
years. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations remain high all areas,
(Howell). “IOWA - Numbers range up to an estimated 5,000 per animal, averaging
1,000 per animal in some herds in southern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Slight increase in Stillwater area.
(Howell).

BITING MIDGES - UTAH - Annoying in some areas in scattered counties. (Knowlton).

SAND FLIES (Culicoides spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Causing considerable annoyance in north-
eastern area; Larvae prevalent. (Howell).

CHIGGERS - INDIANA - Serious on turkeys in Jasper County; rejected for market.
(Gould). Becoming abundant in yards in Tippecanoe County. (Osmun).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - Damaging in Houston County.
(Grimes).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - VIRGINIA - Building up on untreated beef cattle
in Montgomery County, averaging 5-10 per animal. (Turner). OKLAHOMA - Decrease
slightly in Stillwater area. (Howell). IOWA - Average of nearly 100 per animal.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.).

TABANIDS - VIRGINIA - Heavy and troublesome in Scottsville area on cattle. (Amos).
LOUISIANA - Heavy populations of Chrysops spp. in Plaquemine and St. Bernard Par-
ishes. Tabanus spp. abundant around cattle in Pointe Coupee Parish. (Oliver).
OKLAHOMA — Becoming prevalent in low areas in eastern part of State. Most pre-
valent are Tabanus equalis, T. atratus and T. lineola complex with up to 15-20

per animal. (Howell).

TICKS- UTAH - On people and infesting cattle and horses especially at high ele-
vations; (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Dermacentor variabilis very abundant in northern
Dawes and northeastern Sioux Counties, and a moderate population along Niobrara
River Valley and lower reaches of Platte River. Small population of D. andersoni
in northwestern Dawes County on Fort Robinson Timber Reserve. (Rapp).

VIRGINIA - D. variabilis numerous, attacking man in Mineral County. . (W.Va. Ins.
Surv.). Pa

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PARASITES AND PREDATORS - CALIFORNIA - Effective control of spotted alfalfa aphid
by Praon sp. and Trioxys sp. with help of lady beetle releases in Riverside
County. Reduced populations of the aphid in many fields of Orange County due

to natural enemies. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May).

LADY BEETLES - IDAHO - Extremely heavy flights in northern Latah County with
general activity in many crops. (Gittins).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud.
unip.

ounties
Baldwin 6/19, 20, 21
DeKalb 6/22, 25, 27
Lee 6/22,25,27
FLORIDA
Gainesville 6/20,25
Quincy 6/17
Monticello 6/19,25
GEORGIA (County)
Spalding i
LOUISIANA peta ed
Baton Rouge 6/22-28
Curtis 6/19-26
Franklin 6/19-26
ARKANSAS
Hope 6/20-26
*Morrillton 6/20-26
Varner 6/19-25
Fayetteville 6/22-28
Clarksville 6/11-27
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 6/28

2

1

Johnston 6/28 1
SOUTH CAROLINA (County)

Oconee 6/22-28 7
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Madison 6/18-24 21

Lawrence 8

Maury 34

Robertson 12

Cumberland 3

Knox 42

Greene 32

Johnson 85
TEXAS

Brownsville 6/19-21

Waco 6/22-28 5
ILLINOIS

Urbana 6/20-26 184
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 6/17-24 166

Tippecanoe 6/20-26 22
KANSAS

Manhattan 6/23-26 162

Hays 6/21-25 113
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Lancaster 6/17-22 1565

Lincoln 6/13-19 755
WISCONSIN

Arlington 6/19-25 564

Eau Claire 6/9,17,19, 36

20 , 23-25

La Crosse 6/18-20,24 50

Platteville 6/24 72
MARYLAND (County)

Montgomery 6/21-26 14

* Two traps Morrillton

- 541 -

Agrot.
yps.

a
=

JANE NAAO NWN

=
ew
Xe}

for)
NA

19

971
20

Prod,
orn.

5
8

277

170
172
70

Perid.
marg.

2

6

27

163

Feltia Heliothis Protoparce

subt. zea vires. sexta quin.
4 1 12 4
12 1
3 2
6
22
6
205 70 alts) 4 1
88 14 13
12 8 32
21 3
8 11 2
1 8 2 1
65 105 1 13 3
56 7
6 13 4
12 14 3
6 14 6
1 23 3
43
Mal 2 3
3
160 564 16
62 106
4 8
1 26 7
2
19 2
13
125
2
2 1 5

- 542 -

LIGHT TRAPS COLLECTIONS

(Continued)
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce
unip. yps. orn. marg. subt. zea vires. sexta quin.

Brookings 6/27 133 10 4

MISSISSIPPI

*Stoneville 6/21-27 19 20 403 3 38 99 14 i

Grenada 6/21-26 3 5 6 12

Senatobia 6/26 6 5 1 4 2

State College 6/21-26 118 2 176 3) 26 ay! 2 1

* Four traps Stoneville.

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CARPENTER BEES - KANSAS - Damage to farm buildings in several southeast Kansas
areas. (Knutson).

PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - IDAHO - Infestations on thistles in southern
area. If build-ups continue damage to home gardens may occur. Extremely
abundant on Canadian-thistle in Lincolm County. (Manning). Many adults and pu-
pae found in field near Howe, Butte County. (Mackie). Defoliating thistles in
Aberdeen area. (Bishop).

CORRECTION:

CEIR 7(25): 494 under BOLL WEEVIL - LOUISIANA - should read "Some fields with up
to 25 per 100 feet of row in Rapides, Pointe Coupee and St. Landry Parishes."

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - APPLE MAGGOT emergence started June 10 which is the earliest on record
for the Hudson Valley. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER sericus some orchards in Orleans
County. EUROPEAN RED MITE has shown sharp buildup in some prune and apple orchards
of Niagara County. ORCHARD MITES heavy in Ulster County. APPLE APHID heavy in
Ulster County orchards. Adults of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE heavy in bean fields in
Allegany County. POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy on beans in Allegany County. EUROPEAN
CORN BORER may be severe in Erie County. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE plentiful on
tomatoes in Monroe and Niagara Counties. ARMYWORM caused extensive damage to.
wheat and corn in Delaware and Orleans Counties. (N. Y. Wkly. News).

- 543 -

SURVEY METHODS

GRASSHOPPERS

Adult Survey (Revised Instructions) *

Soon after grasshoppers have dispersed from nymphal concentrations and have
reached the adult stage all infested areas should be surveyed. This survey
should be timed to coincide with peak populations, enabling completion of the
survey before appreciable decline in grasshopper numbersoccurs, Known infesta-

tions and new infestations should be classified and mapped according to the
following table.

Grasshopper Adult Infestations
No. of Adults

Per Square Yard Map
Field ln aMargin Rating Color
0-2 5-10 1.0 White
3-7 11-20 2.0 Green
8-14 21-40 3.0 Orange
15-28 41-80 4.0 Blue
Over 28 Over 80 5.0 Red

Evaluation of Adult Populations

To obtain an estimate of the number of adult grasshoppers per square yard, a
system of multiple estimates should be used. This involves a series of actual
counts of grasshoppers as they leave a square foot, selected by the surveyor
well ahead of his line of march. Eighteen counts should be made 15-20 paces
apart through the range, field or margin being sampled. At the completion

of the count, the total number of grasshoppers from the 18 square feet should
be computed. This total divided by 2 will convert this figure to the number
of grasshoppers per square yard. It is advisable to occasionally lay off a
square foot on the ground to keep the size of this unit area fixed in mind.
The time of day, temperature, density and height of vegetation all affect
grasshopper activity and should be considered in making counts of grasshoppers.

Where hatching has been irregular and where populations of mixed species exist,
nymphs may be present with adult grasshoppers. In making the adult survey, if
the nymphs are in the fourth or fifth instars, they should be counted as adults.
If the occurrence of large numbers of first to third instars of nymphs of
economic importance is encountered frequently in an area, it is advisable to
delay the survey until a later date. If a delay is impractical and this
situation involves only an occasional stop, reduce the count of first to third
instar nymphs to one-third before the figure in terms of adults is recorded

on the record sheet.

In large field areas where fields consist of 80 acres or more and in range
areas where the vegetation is uniform only one habitat need be examined at
each stop.

* This replaces instructions for adult survey in Cooperative Economic Insect
Report Survey Methods (Reissued September 1955), page 5.

- 544 -

In diversified crop areas where fields are usually less than 40 acres, or in
range areas where several vegetative types exist, two or more fields, and in
range, each of the habitats should be sampled. The population in each crop and
habitat should be determined. These populations should be averaged to determine
a population for the stop. This average population of all fields or habitats
sampled is used to rate the stop.

In all cases, the observer should walk sufficiently far into each field to insure
that the count of grasshoppers represents an average value for the field examined.
Likewise, on the margin, a sufficient length of the margin should be examined to
insure an average count. Population counts on the margin should also represent
an average value for the entire width, from the edge of the road to the edge of
the field. Most margins will be 2 or more rods wide and for all such margins,
the population count should be recorded as an average for the entire width and
the length examined. However, for narrow margins of less than 2 rods, the
population count should be reduced proportionately. For example, the population
count on a one-rod margin would be reduced one-half. When there is no distinct
vegetative difference between the field and the margin and there is no concentra-—
tion of grasshoppers along the margin, the field count should be recorded for

the stop. No separate margin count need be made. This would apply to some
ungraded roads or to roads through crops.

After the number of grasshoppers per square yard has been determined for any
stop, a rating for that stop is recorded on Form GC 67 from the adult rating
table found on p, 543. When marginal and field ratings differ, the higher rating
should be assigned to the stop. The field counts are not to be combined with the
marginal counts and averaged to obtain stop ratings.

The stops in the various crops and range should be well distributed and in
approximate proportion to their relative county acreage.

The adult survey should be started in each state at the earliest possible time,
determined by the maturity and behavior of the grasshoppers, and completed,
where possible, within a period of two weeks. Actually the best survey is
that which is the culmination of a whole season's observation of grasshopper
development by the surveyor who had the opportunity to observe them in given
areas. From 5 to 15 stops should be made in each county, depending on the
nature of the infestation, the supervisor's knowledge of the infestation, and
the size of the county. Fewer survey stops are required in an area which is
lightly and evenly infested than in an area which is heavily and irregularly
infested. In small counties and in counties where the supervisor is familiar
with the infestation, 5 stops will usually be adequate. Areas in which infestations
are of doubtful degrees of intensity, and areas which border known heavy
infestations should be given more attention, and as many as 10 stops may be
needed. Only in large counties or ones with extremely irregular infestations
should it be necessary to make as many as 15 stops. In order to locate the
boundaries of infestations more definitely, exploratory examinations, which |
need not be formally recorded, may be made in addition to the regular stops.
(PPC Regional Survey Entomologists).

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — sc ing

PLANT PEST eh _ SECTION

* ' 7
AR yk op Ta ke ae
i

top

s
es inhet et
bag:
ge nth D
ee

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report ‘is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its outenta
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural i
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as :
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- ;
curacy of the material. ;

ii i oiterecey aes
Reports and inquiries pertaipinsytgvthae re

should be mailed to:

Aeeaineel Restacch. eaixing :

United States Department of Agriculture 7 s
Washington ss ce a
. Bae

Volume 7 July 12, 1957 Number 28
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS major insect threat to North Dakota crops, continue to increase in
Utah but heavy mortality of nymphs in Minnesota. Several additional States
report grasshopper problems. (p. 547). MORMON CRICKET buildup in Nevada.

(p. 549).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER heavy in early corn in Iowa and central Missouri. Light
populations in Indiana, Wisconsin and some other areas. (p. 547). CORN
EARWORM appearing in corn as far north as South Dakota. More abundant than
normal in northern Utah. (p. 548).

ARMYWORM outbreaks in central Michigan. Moths at light traps in Minnesota and
Wisconsin. (p. 548). CORN LEAF APHID building up in north central Kansas and
heavy in Missouri. (p. 548). FALL ARMYWORM active in corn in Kansas, Missouri,
Illinois and Arkansas. (p. 549).

ALFALFA WEEVIL reported from Massachusetts for first time. (p. 550). POTATO
LEAFHOPPER damage to alfalfa continues in Missouri and other areas; higher than
usual on peanuts in Virginia. (p. 550). PLANT BUGS continue abundant in
legumes in several States. (p. 551).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY adults trapped in San Diego County, California. (p. 554).
APPLE MAGGOT adult emergence continues in northeastern areas. (p. 553).

Epidemic populations of POTATO PSYLLID in western Nebreaska and areas of Colorado.
(p. 554). POTATO FLEA BEETLE increasing on potatoes in eastern North Dakota

and prevalent in northeastern South Dakota. (p. 555). j

BOLL WEEVIL square infestations high in areas of North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. (p. 557). COTTON LEAFWORM adults taken at

Baton Rouge, Louisiana, July 2. (pp. 558, 562).

SPRUCE BUDWORM heavier than last year in parts of Minnesota and large areas of
fir threatened in northern Maine. (p. 558).

SCREW-WORM reported heavy in southeastern Alabama and active in South Carolina.
(p. 561). MOSQUITOES more abundant than usual in east central Alabama. Heavy
in South Dakota and seriously annoying in Utah. (p. 560).

INSECTS not known to occur in United States. (p. 563).

CORRECTION. (p. 556).

FOI IO I IK A I AK KK AK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 5 unless otherwise designated.

- 546 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 8

Fair weather occurred over large portions of the country on most days as high
pressure generally dominated the northwestern and southeastern sections during
the week. The primary frontal systems, located between these air masses, extended
mainly from the central Rocky Mountains to the western Lakes Region with one
major storm developing over the latter area on the 4th, but moving northward into
Canada by the Sth. In connection with a squall line accompanying this disturbance,
severe thunderstorms and tornadoes developed to mar the Fourth of July holiday in
sections of Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio. On this day, a tornado
at Bryan, Ohio, resulted in damage to property estimated at a half-million
dollars but no fatalities; another in Barron County, Wis., injured 4 persons and
damaged some farm property; still another in Livingston and Oakland Counties of
Michigan brought some crop destruction; and severe thunderstorms and tornadoes

in Marion, Johnson, and Shelby Counties of Indiana injured 27 persons and

caused an estimated 3 million dollars property damage.

Hot weather continued in the Southwest with maximum temperatures reaching over
100° in southern sections of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas on all
days, and the warmest weather of the season was observed within the Plain States
with Bismarck, N. Dak., recording a 95° reading on Saturday. In contrast, on the
first 2 days of the period the Northeast experienced unseasonably cool weather

as nighttime minima dropped into the 40's and 50's in Pennsylvania, New York,

and New England. A 48° observed at Buffalo, N. Y., on the 2nd broke a 72 year
record for the date at that location, and a 48° at Hartford, Conn., and 50° and
Providence, R. I., established new station records for July 3.

Temperatures averaged from 4° to over 6° above normal in extreme southern portions
of the Southwest. Elsewhere weekly departures were generally within 3° of
seasonal values with the Northwest and East experiencing slightly cooler, and the
rest of the country slightly warmer than normal conditions.

Precipitation totals were moderate to heavy this week in three general areas
which included eastern Alabama, central and southern Georgia, coastal South ‘-
Carolina, and all of Florida; central sections of the lower Mississippi Valley
and southern portions of the middle Mississippi Valley; and the middle Missouri
Valley eastward through the southern areas of upper Mississippi Valley, Great
Lakes region including much of Indiana and Ohio and extending eastward to
incorporate New York and the northern New England States. Without measurable
precipitation this week were coastal Washington, western Oregon and Nevada;
most of California and Texas, eastern portions of North Carolina and Virginia,
Maryland, Delaware, southern New Jersey, eastern Connecticut, and southern
Rhode Island,

On July 3, high winds flattened crops from Sully to McCook County in South
Dakota, and 97 m.p.h. gusts were recorded at Huron. High winds were also
observed in Minnesota this day, and a hailstorm did considerable damage in the
southwestern quarter of the State. Strong winds on the 7th and 8th in Wisconsin
were responsible for 1 death and much property damage.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- S47 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - COLORADO - Less than one per square yard in Las Animas and Baca
Counties where heavy populations expected earlier. Late spring snow probably
eliminated the infestations. (Ext. Serv.). CALIFORNIA - Potentially damaging
populations, mainly Melanoplus devastator, Contra Costa County. Same species
heavy in northeastern Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., June 28). OREGON -
Estimated 2,000 acres near Enterprise, Wallowa County infested with Camnula
pellucida. Counts of 50 per square yard on 3,200 acres in Horse Creek area,
mainly Melanoplus mexicanus and M. bivittatus. (Capizzi, July 1). Counts of
50-75 nymphs per square yard of M. mexicanus, M. bivittatus, Aulocara elliotti
and M. foedus in areas of Wallowa County. (Chinn). NEBRASKA —- M. bivittatus
and M. differentialis nearly adults in southeast, south central and southwest
areas. M. femur-rubrum in second and third instar. Counts in alfalfa fields
per 100 Sweeps as follows: southwest 11-259, south central 2-162, southeast
276-591. (Hill, Andersen). KANSAS - Threatening to severe in several localized
areas of 5 north central counties. Counts of 12-60 per square yard generally

in field margin areas and 5-36 in the fields. M. mexicanus the predominant
species. Feeding injury severe along fence rows of Some alfalfa fields in Clay,
Cloud and Republic Counties, and adults moving out into corn fields. Counts

of 4-36 per square yard in some pastures of these counties and predominant
species is Ageneotettix deorum. Few adult M. bivittatus found as far north as
Republic and Washington Counties. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Melanoplus spp.
population vary greatly over State. Local economic populations only in northern
half of State and some parts of west central area. Damage primarily to legumes,
pastures and gardens. From O-17 per square yard in margins and O-12 in cropland.
Many second and third instars in northeast. (Kyd, Thomas). IDAHO - Spotted
light to heavy along roadsides and field margins in Idaho County; 2-30 per square

yard. M. bivittatus and M. mexicanus dominant species. (Portman). High
populations, 35-50 per square yard on cheatgrass range, east of Weiser, Washington
County. Dominant species M. mexicanus in third to fifth instars. (Evans).

UTAH - Continue to increase in many areas, especially numerous in parts of Cache

and Salt Lake Counties. Control on over 33,000 acres of rangeland completed.
(Thornley, Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Major insect pest threatening North Dakota
crops. About 40,000 acres of rangeland requiring controls in Ransom and Richland
Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Beginning to migrate into soybeans.

(Iowa Ins. Inf.). MINNESOTA - Indications infestation very light in south central
and most of southeast districts, heaviest in Dodge and Mower Counties. M. femur-
rubrum hatch late. Very heavy motality during past three weeks, mostly early-hatched
M. bivittatus. Because of the heavy motality, populations generally will not be

as high as predicted and will come during mid and late summer. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).
ILLINOIS - Still concentrated in fencerows, roadsides, and other such situations

in many areas. (111. Ins. Rept.). LOUISIANA - Long-horned grasshoppers at 75-

200 per 100 sweeps in rice in Acadia and Vermillion Parishes. (Oliver). DELAWARE -
Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus nymphs and adults abundant in alfalfa at Cedar
Creek. Nymphs of Melanoplus spp. common in alfalfa, generally. Light damage to
corn many areas. (Mailiiron).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Active throughout State.
Corn in some areas 100 percent infested. (Ins.-Dis. News., June 25). DELAWARE -
Light to moderate injury to corn, generally. Eggs scarce. (Milliron). MARYLAND -
Infestation in corn averaged 6 percent in Queen Annes County and 24 percent in
Frederick County. Heaviest in early-planted corn. Pupation underway in Queen
Annes County. Light on corn in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Moth emergence nearly complete. Egg deposition very light

in Wooster area, many larvae in late instars in Columbus area. (C. R. Neiswander,
Guthrie, June 28). INDIANA - Generally light and restricted to early corn, 50-

75 inches high. Infested plants with 1-6 borers each but not yet entering stalks.
(Osmun). ILLINOIS - Only a few scattered unhatched egg masses north of Route 6.
Infestation generally light in this area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Moth
emergence complete in Dane County July 2 and probably in most of principal corn
growing areas of State. Appears that small populations of first-—brood borer will
occur in small acreage and treatment (if any) will be warranted mainly on advanced
sweet corn. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

- 548 -

MINNESOTA - Moth emergence complete in three southern districts and should be
complete other areas by July 8. Egg-laying probably reached peak. Egg masses
per 100 plants, tallest corn, by region: southwest 36, south central 36, central
20, west central 38. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). ARKANSAS - Moths beginning to appear.
(Barnes et al.). IOWA - Newly-hatched to full-grown larvae in southern half of
State. Populations in tall, early-planted corn heavy. In Wapello County, 60
inch corn 100 percent infested with 600 borers per 100 plant Random fields in
Boone County showed 75 egg masses per 100 plants. Larvae mostly second and

third instars. Moth flight about over. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Egg-laying underway in southeastern area, 12 masses per 100 plants (2.5 feet
extended) in some fields. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses average
21 per 100 plants on 22-30 inch corn (extended) in central and north central
areas. Seventeen masses per 100 plants on 26 inch corn (extended) in east
central. (Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - About 5 percent emergence in southeast, first
second-—brood egg mass found during week. (Thompson). Early corn in central

area has 36 to 96 percent of stalks infested. Sweetcorn heavily infested and
beginning to show stalk breakage. From 64 to 88 percent of early corn infested
in northeast and 60-90 percent in northwest. Two to 21 larvae per infested
stalk. (Peters).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - On silks in Middlesex County, June
28. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MARYLAND - Light on corn in Queen Annes County. Few
eggs as yet. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Few larvae active in whorls of
field corn at most places. Common in commercial sweet corn at Middletown and
east of Bridgeville. (Milliron). NORTH CAROLINA - Average of .7 egg per

sweet corn silk, Duplin County. Injury below normal. (Farrier). KANSAS -
Moths increasing in light trap collections and larvae feeding in whorls.
Infestation in corn in 5 north central counties and infestation levels averaged
2-24 percent. (Matthew). UTAH - Eggs more abundant than normal in northern
area early sweet corn. (Dorst, Maughan). Moderately severe in Washington
County. (Hughes). SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae appearing in some corn in central and
east central areas. (Hantsbarger). IOWA - Beginning to oviposit on early corn.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Infestations beginning to appear in corn.

(Barnes et al.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy on corn in Waller County.
(Weaver). KANSAS - Light to moderate in few fields of 5 north central counties.
Destruction of milo seedlings in one area of Cloud County. Destructive
populations only in localized areas along field margins adjacent to small grain
fields. Counts of 2-65 nymphs per milo seedling. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Damage
to corn and grain sorghums continues in scattered fields over northern half of
State. Damage still rm szly in margins. Migration to corn complete except in
northern tier of coy.. .es. (Kyd, Thomas). PENNSYLVANIA - Severe infestation

on oats in Perry C~2usy. (Pepper).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging
as far north as Faulkner County where infestations as high as 80 percent.
Infestations from 20-60 percent in Conway and Johnson Counties. (Barnes et al.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MICHIGAN - The outbreak reported during last
week of June from Grand Haven and Bay City has affected an area through the
central part of the State in 24 counties. Scattered infestations outside the
area. (Hutson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Small larvae on alfalfa in scattered localities.
No damage. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA ~ Moderate numbers of moths in light traps.
(Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Moths continue present in light traps. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - From 0-80 per 100 sweeps in grass and grain fields in
northern area. (111. Ins. Rept.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Building up in north central
counties in fields of milo, sorghum and corn. Counts of 4-70 per plant in

several fields. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Heavy numbers continue on grain sorghums
over State; 85-100 percent of plants with 35 to over 1000 aphids per plant. Little
or no leaf discoloration, Predators numerous but failing to reduce populations.
(Kyd, Thomas).

- 349 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Larvae in few corn fields in Clay
and Cloud Counties, north central. Infestations of 2-8 percent. Infestations
also in Greenwood County, southeast. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Few moths at Columbia.
Small larvae in corn whorls in Saline County. (Kyd, Thomas). ILLINOIS - Damaging
corn in spots throughout southern half of State. (111. Ins. Rept.). ARKANSAS -
Appearing in whorls of corn. Nearly full-grown larvae as far north as Faulkner
County. Infestations as high as 80 percent. (Barnes et al.).

CUTWORMS - MICHIGAN - An outbreak of Nephelodes emmedonia on corn at St. Johns.
(Hutson). MISSOURI - Feltia subgothica and Agrotis ypsilon on damage continues in
southeast on small corn, cotton, soybeans and Some grain sorghum. F. subgothica
destroying 1 to 7 percent of corn stand in scattered fields in east central area.
(Kyd, Thomas). NORTH DAKOTA - Fifteen acres of flax destroyed in Cass County.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - DELAWARE - Numerous on corn in Smyrna-
Clayton area. Bacterial wilt common. (Milliron).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - Considerable buildup throughout State.
Present indications are that control will be required on over 30,000 acres in
Pershing and Lander Counties in 1958 to prevent large scale outbreak. (Del
Cuerto, June 28). UTAH - Infestation on 700 acres west of Monticello. Two other
small infestations in Tooele County. (Thonley, Knowlton).

A CRICKET - CALIFORNIA - Idiostatus sp. (near hermanii) medium on range and grain
land in vicinity of Artois, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., June 28).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - MISSOURI - Some fields of small corn heavily
infested and damaged in Southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - OREGON - Infestations which developed in the
Willamette Valley this spring and summer on wheat and barley are considered the
worst in over 20 years. (Every).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Becoming more

abundant on small grain in some areas; 20 per 10 sweeps on oats and wheat in
Clark and Potter Counties. (Hantsbarger). Up to six per plant on spring grains

in Bennett County. (Wiedmeier).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Few adults active on corn several
areas. Noticeable injury to marginal rows in fields at Andrewsville. Destructive
to soybeans two areas and numerous on alfalfa at Cedar Creek. (Milliron).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Heavily infesting maize in San
Patricio County. (Garner).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEVADA - Light larval damage to grain in
western Humboldt County. (Gallaway, June 28).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - MISSOURI - Light damage to
corn, soybeans and small cotton over most of State; 1-3 per 100 feet of small
corn in northeast. (Kyd, Thomas).

WIREWORMS - MISSOURI —- From 1 to 8 percent of corn stand destroyed in river bottom
fields of Pike and Lincoln Counties. (Kyd, Thomas). IOWA - Damage showing up even
in fairly tall corn. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Adults numerous in corn with
short husks or those injured by other pests, from Middletown to Bridgeville.
(Milliron).

RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) - TEXAS - Infestations averaged 24
per row foot of rice in one field of Jefferson and 15 per row foot in Orange
County. (Reeves, Bowling).

- 550 -

RICE STINK BUG(Solubea pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Continues to buildup in grasses
adjacent to rice fields, 40-100 per 100 sweeps in Acadia and Vermillion Parishes.
(Oliver).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Reported for first time in
State. Collected June II, in an alfalfa field in Ashley Falls, Berkshire County.
Also found in small numbers in fields at Sheffield, Stockbridge and Ashley Falls
in the same county. Both larvae and adults in alfalfa in Hampden County, June
14 at Southwick and Feeding Hills. (Lavigne). DELAWARE - Few full-grown larvae
at Kenton and Cedar Creek. (Milliron). NEBRASKA - Very active in panhandle
counties. Found in small numbers in Chase County. This is new county record.

(Hill). IDAHO - Adults occasionally found in crowns of alfalfa and clover in
Canyon and Washington Counties. (Portman). Small numbers of larvae in alfalfa
in Canyon County. (Waters). UTAH - Injury moderately severe in many fields

of south central area where control not applied. Also in Washington, Tooele and
Salt Lake Counties. (County Agents, Knowlton).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Larvae swept at

rate of 5-10 per 100 Sweeps in some alfalfa fields at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
IDAHO - What appeared to be a mixture of larvae of this species, Autographa
californica and possibly another looper were migrating in large numbers June 17-19
from alfalfa fields in Twin Falls area where first cutting of hay had been
removed. Extensive feeding on adjacent vegetable crops. Migration, for the

most part, appeared over by June 21. (Gibson). OKLAHOMA - On alfalfa in Major
County (northwest) at 2-3 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). SOUTH DAKOTA - Average of

1 larvaper 10 sweeps in alfalfa in northwest and north central regions.
(Hantsbarger).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - CALIFORNIA - First
record for Lassen County made on volunteer alfalfa plants at Susanville.
Infestation light. None found in Plumas, Sierra, Alpine and Mono Counties.

(Cal. Coop. Rept., June 28). NEVADA - Population at very low point, counts of
3-4 per 10 sweeps, Clark and Nye Counties. Predator population high. (Gallaway,
June 28). ARIZONA - Generally low on alfalfa at Yuma but in few spots causing
noticeable amount of honeydew. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Serious in parts of
Kane, Iron and Washington Counties. (Knowlton, Hughes, Sjoblom). COLORADO -
None to June 29. (Exp.Sta.). TEXAS - Light on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson
Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Low in northwestern and panhandle counties
(0-25 per 10 sweeps). Exception was one field in Texas County with 200-300 per
10 sweeps. (Coppock). KANSAS - Although found in nearly every alfalfa field
examined in 5 north central counties, populations practically nonexistent. Counts
of 3-15 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - Found in Webster, Nuckolls, Thayer
and Jefferson in lower Republican River Valley area for first time this season.
Counts of 1-20 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman). ARKANSAS - Infestation light this
year and numbers much below that of a year ago. Slightly on the increase in
Mississippi County with 25-30 per square foot. (Barnes et al.). VIRGINIA -
Populations in one alfalfa field in following counties per sweep: Albemarle 11,
Nelson 1, and Amherst 1. (Morris).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Moderately heavy, 200 per 50
sweeps. (Lavigne). UTAH - Severely abundant in parts of Duchesne and Iron
Counties. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts of 100 per 10 sweeps in many alfal-
fa fields throughout northwest, north central and central regions. (Hantsbarger).
ILLINOIS - From 0-1200/100 sweeps northern half. (111. Ins. Rept.). OKLAHOMA -
Heavy in areas of Caddo County. Light generally in northwestern and panhandle
areas. (Coppock, Hudson).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Averaged 2-12 per sweep on alfalfa
in Montgomery, Frederick and Talbot Counties. Some fields showing injury.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Common in alfalfa fields in 5 north central
counties. Counts of 8-22 per sweep. Only minor leaf burn damage in infested
fields. (Matthew). VIRGINIA - Heavy in spots in peanut fields in southeast and
generally above average for this time of year. Control underway. (Boush).

- 551 -

Counts of 3 per sweep on alfalfa in Albemarle County field, 4 in Amherst County
field and 77 per 100 sweeps in Nelson County field. (Morris). MISSOURI - Very
high numbers and yellowing continues on alfalfa over State. Counts of 200-400
nymphs and adults per sweep in central third; in southern and northern thirds
counts of 20-370 nymphs and adults per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA —- Light
in alfalfa. (Coppock). ILLINOIS - From 220-1000 adults and 0-300 nymphs per
100 sweeps in northern half of State. (111. Ins. Rept.).

THRIPS - OREGON - Large numbers on alfalfa in Umatilla County. (Bierman).

NEW JERSEY - Numerous on corn. (Ins.-Dis. News., June 25). DELAWARE —- Anapho-
thrips obscurus active on corn from Summit Bridge southward, and caused
conspicuous injury to corn in Clayton-Smyrna area. Hercothrips fasciatus
prevalent in some soybean field, Smyrna-Clayton area. (MfilTiron). VIRGINIA -
Generally present on peanuts in Holland area of southeast and heavy in spots.
Plants growing out of damage. (Boush) .

A WEBWORM (Loxostege sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Building up rapidly in Garfield and Major
Counties, counts of 7-40 larvae per 10 sweeps. No webbing yet. Light in other
northwestern counties. (Coppock).

PLANT BUGS - OREGON - Extensive damage by blasting of blooms of alfalfa by Lygus
sp. in Umapine area of Umatilla County; 4 adults and 2 nymphs per sweep, week of
June 16. (Stephen). IDAHO - Lygus bugs general but not abundant in alfalfa in
Adams County. (Portman). Average of 7 per sweep on 300 acres of alfalfa seed,
Elmore County. (Edwards). UTAH - Lygus bugs (largely L. elisus and L. hesperus)
abundant to moderately abundant in numerous alfalfa areas. Control warranted on
alfalfa seed crop. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Lygus spp. populations much higher
than usual on seed alfalfa and on hay alfalfa in green bud stage on Yuma Mesa,
5-10 per sweep. Little bloom in untreated fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

COLORADO - High lygus populations on alfalfa in Arkansas River drainage. (Exp.
Sta.). OKLAHOMA - Lygus becoming abundant in scattered fields over State,

40-70 per 10 sweeps in some fields. (Coppock). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lygus spp. numerous
in alfalfa in Corson and Dewey Counties. Populations of 50 nymphs and adults per
10 sweeps. Adelphocoris lineolatus numerous in same counties. Counts of 30
adults and nymphs per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). DELAWARE - A. rapidus abundant
in alfalfa in Middletown and red clover at Kenton. Trigonotylus brevipes
prevalent on corn near Clayton. lL. lineolaris abundant in alfalfa at Middletown
and in red clover at Kenton. (Milliron). MASSACHUSETTS - L. lineolaris commonly
present in fields checked. (Lavigne). in

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Larvae common in red clover and
alfalfa, Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Counts on legumes per
100 sweeps were 3-400 in central area. (111. Ins. Surv.).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - NEBRASKA - Heavy in alfalfa fields
in upper Republican River Valley and Frenchman Creek area, Hitchcock, Dundy and
Chase Counties and Lincoln County area. (Hill, Preuss).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Emerging from this year's seed crop
in Kaufman, Van Zandt and Leon Counties. (Randolph).

WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) - NEVADA - Averaged
3-4 per sweep in alfalfa, Clark and southern Nye Counties. (Gallaway, June 28).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on red clover at Crows
Landing, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - Low populations but
up to 95 percent of heads infested in some red clover fields, Canyon County.
(Waters).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - IDAHO - Widespread in Canyon
County and general in clover fields in Washington County. (Portman, Waters).
DELAWARE — Adults numerous in red clover at Kenton. (Milliron).

- 552 -

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSOURI - Few fields of soybeans with
light to moderate leaf feeding damage in scattered areas of northeast and east
central. Counts of 1-8 beetles per foot of row. (Kyd, Thomas).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - DELAWARE - On soybeans and alfalfa. (Milliron).
KANSAS - Counts of 15-100 adults per 25 sweeps in alfalfa fields in 5 north
central counties. (Matthew).

BUFFALOTREE HOPPER (Stictocephala bubalus) - IOWA - Nymphs causing break-over
in soybeans next to trees in west Pottawattamie and Warren Counties. (Iowa Ins.
118 Be) fers

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - MISSOURI - Soybeans, planted after lespedeza, show
light to moderate injury in scattered fields over northeast quarter of State.
Counts of 1-5 beetles per foot of row. (Kyd, Thomas).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Counts of 4-16 adults per crown
in many alfalfa fields of Canyon County. (Portman).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Abundant on alfalfa in Yuma area,
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MASSACHUSETTS - More abundant
this year in alfalfa fields than in previous years. (Lavigne). DELAWARE -
Adults abundant in alfalfa near Middletown. (Milliron).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - LOUISIANA - Counts of 5-10 per 100
sweeps on white clover in Jefferson Davis and Acadia Parishes. (Oliver).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - CALIFORNIA - Light on sweetclover
at Coleville, Mono County. First report for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Counts of 1-2
per sweep in alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). LOUISIANA -
Counts of 30-50 per 100 sweeps in Acadia and Jefferson Davis Parishes. (Oliver).

SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - IDAHO - Severe on sagebrush on at least
1,000 acres southwest of Minidoka. Heavy defoliation and some sagebrush
mortality evident. (Heller).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Causing more damage than in
1956. First-brood entries ceased. (Ins.-Dis. News.). OHIO - First larvae under
bands June 24, (Cutright). INDIANA - Peak second-brood larval activity expected
week of July 7, Vincennes. (Hamilton). Second-brood hatch well underway at
Orleans. (Marshall). MICHIGAN - Larvae largely third instar in Stevensville,
Benton Harbor and St. Joseph areas. (Hutson). ILLINOIS - Infestations low at
Carbondale with control generally good. Hatch of second brood should increase.
(Chandler). MISSOURI - Heavy pupation in Columbia area; peak of second brood
expected to appear between July 10 and 15. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.).

ORCHARD MITES - INDIANA - Control of Metatetranychus ulmi warranted several
orchards in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). Populations in orchards at Orleans lower
than at any time in past 10 years for date. (Marshall). ILLINOIS —- M. ulmi
continues to increase in Carbondale area. Few Tetranychus telarius yet.
(Chandler). MISSOURI - Infestations appearing over State June 30; generally

down following rains. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). VIRGINIA - M. ulmi numerous on
peach and apple trees in Albemarle County, especially on trees not treated early.
(Bobb). CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus punicae heavy on avocado leaves at Rivera,

Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

- 553 -

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - MISSOURI - Troublesome in
southwestern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). MARYLAND - Very heavy in commercial
apple orchard near Frederick; emergence 100 percent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LEAF ROLLERS - OREGON - Causing substantial damage to apples at La Grande.
(Every). Archips rosaceana moths appear unusually abundant in Benton County.
(Every, Jones). Egg deposition by A. rosana complete in Willamette Valley.

Egg masses abundant on filbert. Infestations may be heavy in 1958. (Capizzi).
NEW JERSEY - Second-brood Argyrotaenia velutinana eggs in some orchards, some
control applied. (Ins.-Dis. News.). VIRGINIA -— Second-brood A. velutinana heavy
one area of Albemarle County and one orchard at Hampton. Many egg masses about
90 percent hatched in Albemarle County; small larvae numerous some apple trees.
(Bobb) .

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Emergence continues strong.
(Stoner). MASSACHUSETTS - Emergence of adults estimated 50-60 percent at
Waltham. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Heavy emergence since June 18.
Trap collections 3 to 5 times as great up to July 1 as in 1956. May be bad year
on blueberries. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MICHIGAN - Adults found as far north as
Muskegon; numerous south of line from Bay City to Muskegon. (Hutson).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Second-brood larvae still
active at Vincennes. (Hamilton). Very active in peaches at Orleans, twig
injury about over. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - More severe than 1956 in southern
third of State. (Chandler). MISSOURI - Second-brood active over southeastern
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). VIRGINIA - Second-brood adults emerging, third-
brood eggs being deposited which is unusually early. (Bobb).

WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - IDAHO - Pupation
general in Washington County. Infestations as high as 2-3 maggots per cherry
on untreated trees. (Portman).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - INDIANA - Second-brood activity expected
in Vincennes area July 8. (Hamilton). MISSOURI - Some activity in southeast
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). VIRGINIA - Peak second-brood emergence expected
July 8-14, probably not heavy. (Bobb). GEORGIA - Moths depositing second-
generation eggs June 21 at Fort Valley. (Snapp).

PEAR- SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - NEVADA - Economic populations appeari~g on pear and
cherry in western area. (Gallaway, June 28).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - IDAHO - Infestations general, occasionally
heavy, in Canyon County. (Portman).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestation of forest
and fruit trees about over in Centre and Clearfield Counties. Damage moderate to
heavy. (Adams).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OHIO - Severe infestations in several treated
orchards near Wooster. (Cutright) .

APHIDS - OREGON - Continued very heavy populations of Myzocallis coryli in filbert
orchards in Willamette Valley. Counts up to 100 per leaf. (Capizzi). Aphis pomi
in economic numbers in apple orchards in Benton County and serious some orchards
in Willamette Valley. (Jones).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting pecan

trees in Pointe Coupee, West Baton Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parishes. Some small
trees completely defoliated. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Active on pecans and walnuts
locally. (Barnes et al.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Generally present on pecan trees
in Florence area. (Nettles).

- 554 -

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - NEW JERSEY - Troublesome some
peach orchards. (Ins.-Dis. News.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Five specimens, 3 females and
2 males, reported from San Ysidro, San Diego County. No larval infestations
found. No egg development in females. Total of 9 adults trapped since August
1954 on California side of border. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Building up on citrus at Yuma,
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - RHODE ISLAND - All stages
active at Kingston. Somewhat more severe than usual. (Poland, Stoner, June 28).
MISSOURI - Destructive to tomatoes in Columbia area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.).
IDAHO - Pupation of first generation in Canyon County with infestations general
throughout Boise Valley area, (Portman). Adults scarce in Butte and Custer
Counties. (Bishop).

LEAFHOPPERS - IDAHO - Empoasca filamenta numerous on potato plants in Bingham,
Custer, Butte and Fremont Counties. Considerable feeding some cases. (Bishop).
NORTH DAKOTA - Counts 4 adult E. fabae per 50 sweeps on potato plants near
Kindred. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Serious on untreated potatoes and carrots.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). MARYLAND-E. fabae light to moderate on beans on Eastern
Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. DELAWARE - Macrosteles fascifrons very abundant on
crucifers and potatoes at Little Creek. (Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - E. fabae
heavy on early potatoes in Clearfield County. (Adams). RHODE ISLAND - Endria
inimica adults abundant on wild grape and brambles bordering potato fields at
Matunuck. (Stoner).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults and eggs
numerous on potato at Matunuck. (Stoner).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Counts up to 71 eggs per 100
tomato leaves in Otero County, less in Bent, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Adults
and nymphs abundant on matrimonyvine and bindweed in Las Animas and Baca Counties,
adults 300-400 per 100 sweeps. Highest counts per 100 sweeps on matrimonyvine in
other counties were 45 in Saguache, 20 in Rio Grande, 40 in Alamosa and 55 in
Conejos. (Exp. Sta.).

Potato Psyllid Survey, July 1 to 5: Final survey for season east of mountains
showed general decline in psyllid population. Nebraska area averaged 459 per
iGO sweeps ; Colorado, Ault-Greeley area averaged 70, Pueblo-La Junta 102,
Salida 5, Grand Junction 2. Area west of mountains slight but insignificant
increase, Provo-Salt Lake averaged 2.54 per 100 sweeps. Wyoming, Laramie area 3.4
and Greenriver, Rocksprings 6.2. (PPC, States Cooperating). The infestation in
western Nebraska is still of epidemic proportions and highest on record for

July 1. Counts in Pueblo-La Junta, Colorado, area are highest on record for
July 1. Also populations of 70 per 100 sweeps for northern Colorado are high
for that area. These epidemic populations east of the mountains indicate at
least five applications of insecticide will be necessary. (Wallis).

POTATO APHIDS - IDAHO - Myzus persicae light on potatoes in Canyon County.
(Portman). MAINE - Populations of Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii and
Myzus solani rose sharply in Presque Isle area. Average of 3.3 percent of plants
infested compared with 1.4 same time in 1956. A. abbreviata population 2.66
times greater than M. solanifolii and M. solanifolii 4 times greater than M.
solani. (Shands). — a =)

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) -— MICHIGAN - Common in new growth of brambles and
currants at Eau Claire. (Hutson). MAINE — Populations on potatoes in Presque
Isle area generally spotted and light. (Shands).

- 555 -

A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - DELAWARE - Heavy infestation on potatoes
east of Dover and conspicuous near Canterbury. (Milliron).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Potato stalks infested
generally, heaviest damage at Middletown and Hartly. (Milliron).

FLEA BEETLES - MAINE - No serious infestations of Epitrix cucumeris on potatoes
in Presque Isle area. Generally very light. (Shands). DELAWARE — Chaetocnema
denticulata light and Systena blanda prevalent on lima beans at Middletown.
(Milliron). NORTH DAKOTA — E. cucumeris increasing on potatoes in Grafton area.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - E. cucumeris prevalent in potato fields in

northeastern area. Some leaf-feeding apparent. (Hantsbarger). IDAHO - General
infestation of Phyllotreta pusilla in home gardens in Elmore County. (Edwards).

BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Epicauta sp. damaging tomatoes and alfalfa in Lee,
Clay and Shelby Counties. (Arant, Ruffin).

HORNWORMS - MISSOURI - Destructive to tomatoes in Columbia area. (Wkly. Rept.
ine, | Cze4))

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults moderately heavy on cucurbits.
No eggs to June 25. (Stoner).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - ALABAMA - Infestations very heavy in Lee
County. (Guyton). IOWA — Moths appearing at Ames. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - RHODE ISLAND - Feeding heavily on all
cucurbits. (Stoner).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Heavy damage to commercial
beans,Middletown. (Milliron). ALABAMA - Causing considerable damage at
Cullman. (Blake). COLORADO - General in northeastern and western counties. First
eggs in Montrose County June 25. (Exp. Sta.).

LOOPERS (Autographa sp.) - OREGON - Heavy concentrations feeding on leaves of peas
in Washington, Marion and Clackamas Counties June 11-19. Populations most
serious Washington County where larvae averaged one per square foot. (Hanna).

STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Damaging blackeyed and field peas in Henderson County.
(Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Nezara viridula nymphs injuring lima beans in Lauderdale
County. (Hutchins).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Adults common on lima beans
at Middletown. (Milliron).

SNAILS - ALABAMA - Unusually heavy damage to beans in Lee County. (Guyton).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Populations lower than for several
years. No treatment needed to July 5. Relatively small acreage will be treated
in Sauk County. Peas apparently slightly behind normal seasonal development.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Numerous on lima beans at
Middletown. (Milliron).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ALABAMA - Total loss many cowpea pods in
Lee County, heaviest damage ever recorded. (Guyton).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Damage unusually heavy to field
peas in Lee County. Guyton).

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - DELAWARE - Appearing on lima beans several places.
(Milliron).

- 556 -

CABBAGEWORMS - DELAWARE - Trichoplusia ni, Pieris rapae and Plutella maculipennis
damaging to crucifers several places. (Milliron). COLORADO — Counts 1-3 of T. ni
per lettuce plant in Alamosa and Costilla Counties, 15 per 100 infested. (Exp.Sta.).

WEBWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Moths numerous on sugar beets in Grafton area; no eggs
found. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). COLORADO - Loxostege sticticalis and possibly L.
commixtalis in head lettuce in Costilla and Alamosa Counties. (Exp. Sta.).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - IDAHO - Moderate damage to sugar beets
in Bingham County and at American Falls. Heavy egg deposition, indicating that
severe injury may result. (Bishop, Schow).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Counts 4-16 on Amaranthus sp.
in Dimmit County. (Richardson).

THRIPS - NEW JERSEY - Onions infested many areas and numerous on tomatoes, (Ins.=
Dis. News., June 25). COLORADO - Thrips tabaci building up on onions. Adult
counts per plant averaged 2-3 in Montrose County, 6-10 in Bent and 10-60 in

Otero County. Treatment recommended. (Exp. Sta.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Emergence of second-generation about 75
percent complete in southwestern area; becoming quite severe some areas. (Scott).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae heavy on
garden crops and flowers in Bennett County, 2 to 6 per plant. (Wiedmeier).

ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - DELAWARE - Heavy infestation at Rising
Sun. (Milliron).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - MARYLAND - Crioceris asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata

abundant on asparagus in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
C. asparagi destructive near Slaughter Beach. (Milliron). RHODE ISLAND - All
stages of C. asparagi severe on untreated asparagus many areas. (Keegan).

ALABAMA - Infestations of C. asparagi very heavy in Lee County. (Guyton).

MITES - ALABAMA — Tremendous numbers on pole beans and sweet corn in Lee County.
(Guyton). IDAHO - Petrobia latens infesting onions generally in Parma area,
some severely attacked. (Waters, Scott). ARIZONA - Very serious on most water-
melon plantings at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - ALABAMA - Infestations very light in Lee
County for time of year. (Guyton).

A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza guytoni) - ALABAMA - Increasing on squash, lima beans,
tomatoes, cucumbers and cantaloups in Lee County. (Guyton).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - IDAHO - Populations high in
commercial strawberry fields. (Waters).

TOBACCO INSECTS

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe defoliation spotty
on tobacco in Pitt County. (Mobly)

STINK BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging tobacco. (Nettles).

CORRECTION

CEIR 7(26):517 - Cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) should read cottony-
maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis). (Manis). Name of reporter should read
Mackie instead of Machie.

- 557 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Very little change in activity
over last week. First-generation weevils active. Twenty-nine percent square
infestation on 13 treated farms in Anson County, 32 percent on 10 treated farms
in Montgomery County. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Average infestation
in 40 counties: 14 percent in treated fields, 41 in untreated fields. This
compares with 8 and 27 percent last year at this time. (Cott. Lett.). Twelve
treated fields in Florence County had 13 percent infestation. Thirty-four of
39 fields in Darlington County had 7 percent infestation for all fields. First-
generation weevils in large numbers in many fields. (Walker et al.). GEORGIA -
Thirty-one fields in 10 northeast and northwest counties had range of 8-84
percent punctured squares and average of 31 percent punctured squares. (Johnson).
TENNESSEE - Conditions ideal for buildup. Square counts in southern tier of
counties showed 31 percent infestation compared with 35 percent a year ago.
Some fields still have only a few squares. Heaviest infestations in southern
counties with lighter populations extending up to the Hatchie River and east
through Jackson. Some light, spotted infestations north of Jackson. (Locke) .
ALABAMA —- Generally lower than last week. Average infestation of 27 percent in
24 fields in five southeastern and central counties. All fields examined infested.
(Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - About same as last week in delta counties. Average of
6.9 percent infestation in 25 fields. Anticipated high populations of first-
generation weevils have not appeared. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Squares examined
in 81 fields in Madison Parish, all infested. Nineteen percent infestation in
31 untreated fields and 18 in 50 treated fields. Controls increasing. (Smith
J 9 et al.). Eighty-two percent square
: infestation in one field in St.
Landry Parish. (Oliver). ARKANSAS -
Infestations vary over State, mainly
due to variation in age of cotton.
First-generation weevils in earliest
cotton in all areas. In general,
infestations of first-generation
weevils lower than last year. Forty-
two percent of 2914 fields scouted
infested compared with 26 percent last
° week and 70 percent last year.
*treated (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Average of
10 percent infestation in 8 fields in
McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia
et al.). Infestations heavy in
coastal bend and light to heavy in
southwest, central, upper coastal,
south central and east areas. (Turney,
Martin, June 28). Migration continues to increase in lower Rio Grande Valley.
(Deer).

Square Infestation Counts as of July 5

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Appearing in fields throughout
Coastal Plains and scattered upper Piedmont fields. (Cott. Lett.). Larvae in most
fields in Florence County. (Walker et al.). GEORGIA - Most fields examined in
northeast and northwest counties without eggs or larvae. Three fields had 4-12
eggs and 1 had 4 larvae per 100 terminals. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Increasing in
older cotton, especially where insecticides for weevil control applied. One
moderate infestation in Lake County. (Locke). ALABAMA - Heavy in Montgomery
County. Light in Russell, Barbour, Lee and Henry Counties. Average infestation
for the 5 counties was 4.2 percent. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Very light in many
delta fields, up to 3 larvae per 100 terminals. No indication of buildup.

(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Square damage in most fields in Madison Parish but
hardly enough to warrant general control measures. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS -
Eggs being found in large numbers. Larvae difficult to find indicating abundance
of beneficial insects. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Scattered infestations in

several areas. (Turney, Martin, June 28). ARIZONA - Eggs and larvae in a number
of fields but not warranting control June 28. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

- 558 -

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - LOUISIANA - Two adults in Baton Rouge light
trap July 2. (Oliver). TEXAS - Infestation found as far north as Freestone
County, eastern area. (Turney, Martin, June 28).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Bloom infestation averaged .7
percent in 14 fields in McLennan County, .9 in 8 fields in Milam County, .4 in
12 fields in Williamson County and .2 in 9 fields in Ellis County. (Parencia

et, aly.

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported from several counties, no damage.
(Cott. News Lett.). GEORGIA - Spotty infestations in most fields in northern
counties. (Johnson).

FLEAHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Light damage some fields in delta counties. (Merk1
et al.). TEXAS - Average of 12 per 100 terminals in 25 treated fields and 16

per 100 in 13 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.).
Heavy in coastal bend, southwest and central areas; light to medium in west
central, northeast, north central and other areas. (Turney, Martin, June 28).

ARIZONA - Spanogonicus albofasciatus and or Rhinacloa forticornis range from
0-20 per 100 sweeps on cotton from Maricopa to Pima Counties, June 28. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light infestations in 5 counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Light
in Henry and Barbour Counties. (Grimes). TEXAS - Increasing. Light in east,
north central and central areas. (Turney, Martin June 28).

PLANT BUGS - LOUISIANA - Tarnished plant bugs abundant some cotton fields in
Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Some increase in tarnished plant

bugs and fleahoppers. (Barnes et al.). ARIZONA - Lygus bugs generally increasing,
June 28. One to 30 per 100 sweeps in Buckeye area, Maricopa County. (Ariz.

Coop. Rept.).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Populations remain high in some fields, Maricopa to Pima
Counties, June 28. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Treatment of about 27,000
acres of forest land in Oneida and northwestern counties completed on June 25.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Pupation from 5-10 percent completed in Crow,
Wing and Hubbard Counties. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Surveys indicate that
defoliation in Superior National Forest will be heavier than in 1956. Pupation
nearly complete. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). MAINE - Light to heavy populations on over
3,000,000 acres in northern area. Large areas of fir threatened. (Northeastern
For. Pest Rept.).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Infestating cedars at Auburn.
(Dusi). VIRGINIA - Killing some cedars in Nansemond County. (Boush). DELAWARE -
Light infestations generally. (Milliron). IOWA - Hatched in southern area.

(Iowa Ins. Inf.). INDIANA - Abundant throughout State. (Schuder).

PINE SAWFLIES - MARYLAND - Aerial survey in eastern Maryland showed about 210,000
acres with evidence of defoliation by Neodiprion pratti. This is considerable
consolidation and spread of 1956 infestation. Some tree mortality in spots.

NEW JERSEY - N. pratti paradoxicus continues abundant in southern area. Pines
defoliated over wide area. Southern CONNECTICUT and southeastern NEW YORK - N.
sertifer appears to be increasing in severity and extent. (NE For. Pest Rept.).

PINE TIP MOTHS - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting pine forest in Tangipahoa Parish.
(Oliver).

- 559 -

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults nearly all

emerged. Counts 5-40 per tree on 50 acres of Christmas trees in Clearfield and
Venango Counties. Nymphs present on number of hosts. (Adams ).

SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Severe damage to ornamental evergreens in Washoe County.
(Gallaway, June 28). DELAWARE - Oligonychus ununguis severely injured spruces
several areas, and O. bicolor severe on oaks from Newark to Petersburg. (Mill-
iron).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Apparently 95
percent of moths had emerged in Milwaukee County by July 2 but none had been
observed in Manitowoc County up to June 24. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - RHODE ISLAND - Continued wide-
spread on maple, more numerous and Somewhat heavier infestations than usual.
(Chistopher).

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MINNESOTA - Fourth-instar feeding in
north central area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - DELAWARE - Defoliating
sycamore at Smyrna, Dover and elSewhere. (Milliron).

SYCAMORE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota harrisii) - DELAWARE - Prevalent south of
Dover. (Milliron).

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) - VIRGINIA - Light damage to maples
in Henrico County. (Rowell, Davis).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - MISSOURI - Catalpa trees in central area
range from 10 to 100 percent defoliated. Larvae range from half to full-grown.
Very little parasitism evident. (Kyd, Thomas).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MISSOURI - Caused severe injury in
southeastern area. (Wkly. Rept.Fr. Gr., Jume 30). INDIANA - Unusually abundant
on elm in central and southern areas. (Schuder). ARKANSAS - Larvae moderately
severe on elms several places. (Barnes et al.). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate larval
damage at Kingston. (Keegan).

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate
damage to oaks by adults in Salisbury area. QUieeMdasEnites Depiteis

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Injury to locust most sections,
heaviest in central area... (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - General on mimosa in eastern
and central areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Quite heavy some
mimosa trees in Nansemond, Southampton, Isle of Wight and Sussex Counties.
(Boush).

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - MINNESOTA - Moderate infestation north of
Princeton on hazel and oaks by Second-instar larvae. Population very low at
Gull Lake. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

EIGHT-SPOTTED FORESTER (Alypia octomaculata) - MICHIGAN - Larval feeding general
on ivy and grapes in Detroit. (Hutson).

APHIDS - UTAH - Populations abundant on trees and shrubs in areas. (Knowlton).
RHODE ISLAND - Chermes cooleyi and C. abietis causing extremely heavy damage to
ornamental spruces over State. (Mathewson, Stoner, June 28).

- 560 -

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Continues major insect pest in
State; damage to ornamentals, fruit trees, field crops and gardens in all areas.
(Morris et al.). MARYLAND - Continues abundant on ornamentals most sections.

More than usual number of inquiries. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Injurious
to trees and shrubs in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron), PENNSYLVANIA -

Very heavy, causing much defoliation, at State College. (Pepper). RHODE ISLAND -
Emergence well underway. Adults numerous. (Howard et al.).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - VIRGINIA - Severe on chrysanthemums
in areas of Richmond, numerous requests for information. (Willey). RHODE
ISLAND - First adult collected at Kingston June 26, somewhat early. (Hyland).

SCARABS - NEW JERSEY - Japanese beetle, Asiatic garden beetle, and masked chafer
adults locally abundant. (Ins.-Dis. News).

ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor)- SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant southeastern area.
(Hantsbarger).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults, increasing, may
be approaching peak. onery amne a

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavier than usual
on flowers in Clearfield and McKean Counties. (Adams).

HEMISPHERICAL SCALE (Saissetia hemisphaerica) - OREGON - Heavy infestations on
camellia, azalea and yew in Lane County nurseries. Scale in crawler stage.
(Bock).

A SCALE (Asterolecanium minus) - OREGON - Very heavy infestation on oak in.
Eugene. oc

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED CORN INSECTS - VIRGINIA - Sitotroga cerealella and Plodia interpunctella
very heavy in corn in steel bins in Holland area. (Boush).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in stored
barley in Imperial County. New infestation in county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Populations of Culex tarsalis increasing. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., June 28). Aedes nigromaculis general in Sacramento and San Joaquin
Valleys, populations vary. Generally small numbers of Anopheles freeborni in
Sacramento Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). ALABAMA - More abundant in east central
area than usual for time of year. (Arant). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans
biting 4 per minute at night in Dare County. Large numbers of Anopheles crucians
trapped in Pamlico County. (Cromroy). Numerous Anopheles quadrimaculatus adults
present in Kerr Lake area; (Ashton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant throughout State,
primarily Aedes spp. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Annoyances serious in number of coun-
ties. (Knowlton et al.).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA - Counts per animal on untreated beef cattle
in Montgomery County averaged 231 on June 25 and 120 on:July 2. (Hargett).

IOWA - Continue to increase on untreated cattle. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Common
most areas, counts sometimes high. (Knowlton).

HOUSE FLIES - MISSOURI - Apparently more troublesome than in 1956 in southeastern
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr., Jume 30). RHODE ISLAND - Populations of Musca
domestica increasing and annoying at Kingston. (Stoner, June 27).

- 561 -

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Attacking beef cattle,

dogs and sheep. (Nettles). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations in several southeastern
counties. (Grimes).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - VIRGINIA - Counts per animal on untreated beef
cattle in Montgomery County averaged 2 on June 25 and 6 July 2. (Hargett).

TABANIDS - VIRGINIA - Horse flies and deer flies unusually heavy on livestock in
Holland area (Boush) and present in Montgomery County (Hargett). NORTH

CAROLINA - Deer flies (Chrysops spp.) abundant in Dare County. (Cromroy).

SOUTH DAKOTA - Chrysops spp. prevalent many localities eastern area. (Hantsbarger).
UTAH - Becoming more abundant in some areas. (Knowlton).

SAND FLIES - UTAH - More severe and widespread than normal. (Knowlton).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 649 of 1,731 sheep
inspected during May, 628 dipped. (Va. Livestock Health Bul.),

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEW JERSEY - Locally abundant. (Ins.
Dis. News.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaging 2 Hippodamia spp. per 10 sweeps many al-
falfa fields in northwest, north central and central areas. (Hantsbarger).
OKLAHOMA —- Populations of Hippodamia convergens increasing some northwestern al-
falfa fields; 6-15 larvae and adults common. (Coppock).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Widespread, causing con-
siderable annoyance. (Stoner).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.

OU DAKOT:

Brookings 7/5 28 52 120 4
WISCONSIN

Arlington 6/26-7/1 140 6

DeForest 6/25-7/1 6

LaCrosse 6/26-7/1 83

Platteville 6/24-7/1 114 1 il
ILLINOIS

Urbana 6/27-7/3 43 10 4 15
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 6/25-27 55 al 1 1 5

Tippecanoe 6/27-7/3 220 16 17 9
MISSOURI

Columbia 7/2-6 5 57 33 11 1 9
KANSAS

Manhattan 6/27-7/2 251 147 53 26 1

Hays 6/27-7/1 166 48

Garden City 6/20-26 180 115 15 24 14

(LIGHT TRAPS Continued

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

(Continued)
Pseud.
unip.
Whe
Beaumont 6/16-30 2
Brownsville 6/26-30
Winter Haven 6/16-30 5
Waco 6/29-7/5 13
ARKANSAS
Hope 6/26-7/3
Stuttgart 6/26-7/3 il
*Morrillton 6/27-7/3
Varner 6/2112 10

Fayetteville 6/29-7/5 i
LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge 6/29-7/3
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 6/28-7/5

Senatobia 7/4

State College 6/30-7/5 74

*Stoneville 6/28-7/4 4
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Lauderdale 6/25-7/1 32
Madison 210
Lawrence 10
Maury 8
Robertson 84
Cumberland 8
Knox 29
Greene 12
Blount 2
Monroe 8
ALABAMA (Counties)
Lee 6/29,7/2 ,4 il

DeKalb 6/29,7/2 ,4
GEORGIA (Counties)

Tift 6/25,26,28 al
Spalding 6/28-7/4 39
FLORIDA

Gainesville 7/2
Quincy 6/25
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Florence 6/29-7/5 645
Oconee 6/29-7/5 25
Charleston 6/24-30 1

NORTH CAROLINA (County)
Duplin 7/3
VIRGINIA (County)
*Pittsylvania 6/23-29

Additional Collections:

TEXAS - (Brownsville, 6/26-30); Alabama argillacea - 4376

* Two traps Morrillton and Pittsylvania County; four traps Stoneville.

- 562 -

Agrot. Prod.
yps. orn,
99
56 96
5 25
32
al
18
3}
130
ti
4 5
80
12 124
24 68
42 490
8 22
128
80 80
il 7
14 135
dl 47
46
2 34
7
3 61
5 14
2
14 158
2 89
1 47
26

Perid.

marg.

lee) Nrr

48

23

Laphyg.
frug.

852
fs)

80

780

32

ras

rae

i}

tbo
© OPORPRrPNONN

101

Heliothis
zea vires.

48

Protoparce
sexta quin.

NH

i

hR
awn woou

26

Oprr

- 563 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
TURNIP SAWFLY, BEET SAWFLY (Athalia colibri (Christ) )

Economic Importance: This sawfly is the most important pest of mustard in U.S.S.R.
as well as a serious pest of rape in that country, Switzerland and Poland. It is
responsible for severe injury to rape, mustard and flax in Germany and cabbage in
Spain. Leaves of radish are frequently destroyed in France and Iran and late rape
fields in Switzerland have been devastated within a few days. In addition to wide-
spread damage to crucifers, the pest sometimes causes loss to sugar beet in Europe.
Populations intensities of 32 and 42 larvae per plant have been recorded on mustard
in Italy and U.S.S.R., respectively. The larva through its feeding perforates and
skeletonizes the plant foliage. The second generation, which occurs in the fall,
is more serious than the first.

~¢
\

phon Losin, A
\

A. colibri Damage to Crucifers

Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Europe, Asiatic part of U.S.S.R., China,
Japan, Korea, Formosa, Iran, Turkey and Morocco.

General Distribution of Turnip Sawfly

- 564 -
Hosts: Cultivated and wild crucifers, sugar beet, carrot, flax and grape.

Life History and Habits: There are normally two generations a year in Germany
and Italy, but three generations are reported in Switzerland. The first adults
appear in May and deposit eggs in incisions in the lower surface of the leaves,
up to 4 eggs per leaf. Each female may lay 10 to 23 eggs a day and survive for
about 14 days. The eggs hatch in 4 to 7 days in Germany. The newly-hatched
larvae feed on lower surface of leaves, but migrate to upper surface as they
mature and feed on the edges. Larvae become full-grown in 20 to 25 days. After
fifth molt, they spin cocoons in the soil in which they overwinter. Pupation,
lasting 4 to 8 days, occurs in the spring. Pupation in the summer generation
requires from 15 to 20 days. Either second or third generation overwinters.

Description: The adults are relatively slim, averaging 6 to 8 mm. in length.

The males are invariably smaller than the females. The body is usually bright
orange, with the brillant color of the abdomen partly concealed normally by the
wings. The head is black with the exception of the mouth parts, which are
yellowish. The coloration of the thorax is an important characteristic of the
species. The pronotum and areas of the mesothorax are reddish-yellow with a
transition to the more yellowish abdomen. The mesonotum is black and the
metathorax is largely black. The wings are smoky-yellow brown, especially
towards the body. The terminalia are also important taxonomic characters.
Newly-deposited eggs are bean-shaped and whitish-yellow, later turning dirty-
gray; average 0.42 mm. to 0.84 mm. in length. The larvae are without pubescence,
predominantly blue-black in later instars with an especially darkly-marked
median dorsal line, which is bordered on either side by a strong black stripe.
The ventral surface is generally gray-black. Fifth-instar larvae measure

14 to 16 mm. The cocoon is oval and varies between 7 and 11 mm. The pupal
extremities, shortly after molting, are transparent; the thorax gray-yellow

and the abdomen gray-green. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation
with other ARS agencies). CEIR 7(28) 7-12-57.

A. colibri Adult and Larval Stages

Figure of damage to mature plants from Martelli, M. 1946. Istit. di Ent. Bol.
15: 184-202.

Other figures(except map)from Riggert, E. 1939. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 26(3):
462-516.

JULY 19, 1957

om

Ry?

Geen SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION =

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is . issued a
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as _
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining epee aes ois

should be mailed to:

Ee te "Plant Pest Survey Sec a we i ‘G
f or: Plant Pest Control Div ay he i oe
Agricultural Research sauce an ‘

United States Department of Apetcoliuane pte:
‘ Washingwon pee Cc sy

Nt " e ~
PS at x
7 oe, 2! y= oa,

Volume 7 July 19, 1957 Number 29

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

Heavy GRASSHOPPER infestations damaging crops in central Kansas. Damage to corn
and alfalfa also in eastern Nebraska. Economic populations also reported from
parts of California, Washington, Idaho, South Dakota, Illinois and other areas.
(pp. 567, 586).

Second-generation EUROPEAN CORN BORER expected high in central Missouri. Earliest
pupation for second generation at Ankeny, Iowa, in 9 years. (p. 567). CORN
EARWORM unusually heavy in Utah, medium to heavy in New Mexico. Several other
States report activity. (p. 568). FALL ARMYWORM widespread in corn in Kansas,
Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas. (p. 568). Second heavy brood in Louisiana.

Gpe 5855)!

CLOVER APHID building up in Columbia Basin of Washington and in northern Idaho.
(p. 571). POTATO LEAFHOPPER building up in alfalfa in New York and Pennsylvania.
Damage to alfalfa in southern Iowa, northern Missouri, southeast Nebraska, and
southern and central Illinois. (p. 571). WEBWORMS increasing in alfalfa in
Kansas, appearing in South Dakota and widespread and damaging in Oklahoma. Active
in several other States. (p. 570).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in Oklahoma, southeast South Dakota, central
New Mexico and Bossier Parish, Louisiana. High counts in some areas of Virginia
and Illinois. (p. 570).

NEW RECORDS: An APHID (Asiphonella dactylonii) on Bermuda grass in New Mexico,
new to United States. (p. 570). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE reported from Mississippi.
(G5) BS) o

ORCHARD MITES continue problem in several areas. (p. 573). Second-brood RED-
BANDED LEAF ROLLER may be serious in New York. (p. 574). CITRUS INSECT and
MITE outlook in Florida. (p. 575).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER unusually abundant in truck crops Wisconsin and very heavy
in areas of Michigan. (p. 575). ONION MAGGOT populations very high in
Wisconsin. Still troublesome in Michigan. (p. 576). Outbreak of LOOPERS on
mint in northern Indiana; very active in areas of Michigan also. (p. 576).
BOLLWORMS increasing in South Carolina, western Tennessee and Arkansas. Heavy
infestations in three Georgia counties. (p. 580). SPIDER MITES building up in

cotton in Kern County, California; appearing in North Carolina and light to
moderate in southern Georgia. (p. 581).

GYPSY MOTH eradication program spray totals. (p. 582).
HORN FLY heavy in Arkansas; increasing in Iowa. pe 5S83) ir
SUMMARY INSECTS CONDITIONS - 1956 - Lebanon. (p. 588).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 12 unless otherwise designated.

- 566 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-JULY TO MID-AUGUST 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-July to mid-August
calls for temperatures to average above normal in the central part of the United
States from the Rockies to the Appalachians and also in the far Southwest. In
the remainder of the nation below normal averages are indicated. Precipitation
is predicted to exceed normal in the Northern Plains, Rocky Mountain States,
Pacific Northwest, and extreme Southeast. Subnormal amounts are expected to pre-
vail in the remainder of the country.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook,"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super-
intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half
year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 15

Heavy downpours of rain brought severe local flooding to sections of several
Midwestern States during the week as a series of low pressure centers, with
frontal systems Shee el aligned in a near east-west direction, moved across
the northern half of the country. Severe flash floods were reported in Kansas
from southern Topeka southward to Lawrence as showers on the 9th and 10th dropped
3 to 5 inches of rain from Pottawatomie to Miami County; heavy rains in lower
Michigan on the 1lth and 12th and on the 9th of last period, caused flooding
which resulted in serious damage to crops; and record flood rains of 6 to 10 in-
ches occurred in Cook and Du Page Counties southward to Iroquois in Illinois on
the 12th and 13th. Near the end of the period, on the evening of the 15th,
heavy thundershowers occurred in Minnesota with unofficial amounts of 6 to 8
inches of rain reported in a very short time at Belgrade and Paynesville.

In contrast, dry weather continued to prevail in southern California where fire
danger is reported to be high, and also in eastern sections of the Middle Atlantic
States southwestward into the southern Appalachians and northeastward along the
coast into northern Connecticut and central and eastern Massachusetts where
significant rains are needed over most of the area to relieve drought conditions.
Major portions of Texas and Oklahoma likewise received no significant precipi-
tation.

Weekly precipitation amounts were moderate to heavy mainly in the area extending
from the upper Mississippi Valley eastward through the Lake region, thence south-
ward into the Ohio Valley and including middle and northern portions of the
Appalachian region. Similar amounts were received elsewhere in small areas which
included coastal Washington, northeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, central
Missouri, and Florida northward to incorporate southern portions of adjacent
states.

Hot weather prevailed over the Great Plains with temperatures reaching the mid-90's

to over 100° at many locations from Wednesday through the week-end. Maxima of

100° or more were observed in northeastern Montana on Wednesday, and in North

Dakota on Wednesday and Thursday, and were common to Southwestern desert areas

on all days. Cooler conditions prevailed in the Northeast with daytime highs

generally in the mid-80's in the Lake region and not rising above the mid-70's

in New York and lower 60's in northern New England on several days. On the morn-

ing of the 16th, a cool air mass dropped minima into the 50's as far south as
(Continued on page 579)

- 567 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Camnula pellucida heavy in pastureland at Santa Maria,
San Luis Obispo County. Melanoplus devastator damaging permanent pasture in
Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). WASHINGTON - General infestation in Ferry
County from Republic to north and west of Curlew; 5-25 per square yard, mostly

M. mexicanus. Heaviest infestation in Stevens County south of Kettle Falls; up
to 25 per square yard. From 15-25 per square yard in area one-half mile in size
near Nespelem, Okanogan County. (Parkinson). Numerous calls on grasshopper
damage to crops near Wenatchee. (Ballard). Moderate damage to roadside sweet-—
clover Wenatchee to Trinidad, mostly M. parkardi involved. (Dailey, Telford).
IDAHO - Common in fence rows, ditch banks and waste areas in most agricultural
areas sampled; heaviest in Bingham County with 30 per square yard in legume
margins. (Gittins). kemhi County has 14,000 acres with 25-300 per square yard.
Custer County has 6,000 acres with 15-500 per square yard. Hatch not well under-
way in Fremont County due to weather. Grasshoppers in lower elevations along
Salmon and Snake Rivers becoming adult. (Evans). KANSAS - Extremely heavy
populations causing crop destruction to alfalfa, corn and sorghum in many areas
of central region. Nymphs rapidly becoming adults and migrating from hatching
areas into cropland. Control started in several areas. Counts of more than

100 per square yard for some marginal areas. Non-economic to light infestations
in a survey of southeastern counties. Melanoplus mexicanus and M. bivittatus
dominant species. (Matthew). SOUTH DAKOTA — Fairly abundant on alfalfa in Clay,
Lincoln and Union Counties; 9 per square yard. About 80 percent Melanoplus
femur-rubrum nymphs. (Hantsbarger). IOWA - Range of 2 per square yard in hay
fields, gardens and fencerows in northern Iowa to 25 in southern area. (lowa
Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - Nymphs appearing in Milwaukee County, July 2. Weather
has not been favorable for development and reports do not indicate large numbers
except locally in Waushara County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light to
severe scattered infestations in southwestern area, heaviest in alfalfa. About
50 percent of M. bivittattus and M. mexicanus adults in southwest area. Some
leaf stripping in margins of a few small grain fields. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).
ILLINOIS - Up to 6 per square yard in southern area. Abundant in some hay
fields in northern half of State. (111. Ins. Rept.). NEW YORK - Melanoplus spp.
in large numbers in Oswego and Cayuga Counties. Some early-cut fields showing
injury. Greater damage may occur in August. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8).

NEW JERSEY - In several areas of State. (Ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Light to
moderate leaf injury on sweet corn. (Milliron, Conrad).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Larvae in early corn averaged
11 percent in Queen Annes County and 29 percent in Frederick County. Light in
late-planted corn. Pupation underway, Frederick County. Qi Md. jj. Ent. Depij.»))-
RHODE ISLAND - Severe tassel infestation on early corn in widely-separated areas.
(Stoner et al.). PENNSYLVANIA - Generally heavy (Pepper) but less than last

year in Fulton County (Udine). DELAWARE - Situation as previously reported:
light in New Castle County, moderate in Kent and Sussex with some spotty, extensive
whorl and tassel damage. (Milliron, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy, 21 percent
infestation in 2 fields, in Greenbrier County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN -
Young larvae numerous in Grand Rapids and Greenville vicinities. (Hutson).
INDIANA - About 50 percent of sweet corn ears infested in Vigo County. (Deay).
OHIO - Fairly light in sweet corn. Approximately 25 percent of first generation
now in pupation at Columbus. (C. R. Neiswander). WISCONSIN - Eighty to 90
percent of plants in early-May-planted corn in Rock County infested. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). ARKANSAS - Moth emergence continues. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI -
Second-generation egg masses range from 0-40 per 100 plants in southeast. Second
generation expected to be high in this area. Considerable leaf, tassel and stalk
breakage in central area where 40-92 percent of oider corn infested. From 36-88
percent of older corn infested in northwest. (Kyd, Thomas). ILLINOIS - At East
St. Louis 23 percent pupation on sweet corn, 1 percent emergence. In field corn
in southwest pupation was 11 percent and in central area pupation just beginning.
(111. Ins. Rept.).

- 568 -

SOUTH DAKOTA - Average infestation and average number of larvae per 100 plants:
east central area 37 percent and 107, central area 28 percent and 128, southeast
area 46 percent and 226. Egg masses per 100 plants average 5 in east central,
4 in central. Hatch nearly complete in southeast area. (Hantsbarger). IOWA -
First pupation at Ankeny, July 10. This is earliest in 9 years of detailed
records. Infestation in 27 fields in west central, southwest and north central
areas ranged 57.3 to 67.6 percent and larvae per 100 plants in west central,
southwest and north central averaged 506, 185 and 222 respectively. Some
infestation of first-brood larvae in grain sorghum. Second-brood larvae may be
more serious in sorghum and harder to control on corn. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
KANSAS - Four to 28 percent infestation with about 50 percent pupation in east
central area. (Matthew).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Eggs averaged 3.5 per 10 silks on early
corn in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Mature larva
found in whorl of corn in Fulton County. (Udine). DELAWARE - Damage to whorls
of corn. Moderate injury to ears some areas. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH
CAROLINA - Less than 1 egg per 15 sweet corn silks in Duplin County and very
small catch in light trap for time of year. (Neunzig, Farrier). WEST VIRGINIA -
Eggs numerous on silks in Greenbrier County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA -
About 15 percent of sweet corn ears infested in Vigo County. (Deay). ILLINOIS -
Feeding in whorl in southern half of State. (111. Ins. Rept.). OHIO - Sixty
percent of ears infested in early sweet corn at Marietta, southern area, (Ga Rs
Neiswander). ARKANSAS - Active in corn whorls. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI -
Whorl infestation remains low over most of State. Most ears of early sweet corn
in central area 75-100 percent infested. Moth flight remains very low over
State. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Up to 12 larvae of this species and Celama
sorghiella in grain sorghum in Victoria, Matagorda, Wharton, Jackson, Calhoun

and Brazos Counties. (Turney, Chase). NEW MEXICO - Generally medium to heavy

in corn. Ears damaged in southern areas and immature tassels in northern areas.
(Durkin, July 6). UTAH - Unusually heavy in corn; 75 percent of silks at

Brigham have eggs. (Knowlton, Maughan).

CUTWORMS - NEW YORK - Injuring corn and wheat in Niagara County. Some fields
one-third damaged. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). MISSOURI - Feltia subgothica
and A. ypsilon still severely damaging small corn in northeast and east central
areas; 5-70 percent damage in most fields, a few destroyed. (Kyd, Thomas).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Widespread in corn fields in east
central and southeast area; 4-56 percent plant infestation with higher counts in
late planted fields. Moderate to heavy in Republic and Jackson Counties. Heavy
in several late-planted fields in Neosho and Labette Counties. (Matthew).
ILLINOIS - Feeding in whorl in southern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rept.).
MISSOURI - Small corn in southwestern area has 10-95 percent whorl infestation.
(Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Considerable activity on corn whorls over State.
(Barnes et al.).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - RHODE ISLAND - Damage heavy and statewide. Many
reports on corn. (Stoner et al.).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - DELAWARE - Moderate damage to
field corn some areas. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Larvae, probably
this species, in Crawford, Cherokee, Labette and Neosho Counties where infestation
level averaged about 4 percent. (Matthew). MISSOURI - One to 18 percent of corn
stalks infested with 1-5 larvae per stalk in southwest corner of State. Infesta-—
tions higher than expected since almost no live overwintering larvae found in

area earlier. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Egg deposition high in Arkansas River
Valley. (Barnes et al.).

- 569 -

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - IDAHO - Spot checks show 15 per leaf or less
in Pocatello Valley. (Grover).

ARMYWORMS - IOWA - Moving from oats to corn in Boone and Marion Counties. (Iowa
Ins. Inf.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ILLINOIS - Stripping leaves in 400 acres of
weedy corn in northern area. Maximum 120 per plant. (111. Ins. Rept.). NEW
YORK - Light in field corn near Oswego. Heavy infestation in Mexico (N. Y.).
Heavy injury to barley, wheat, meadows and corn. Control applied to corn. (N.
Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). MICHIGAN - Subsiding in main areas of outbreak which
were along line from Grand Haven to Bay City. Secondary outbreak from Lansing,
Mt. Pleasant and Adrian. (Hutson).

‘BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - ARIZONA - Severe on 40 acres of sorghum, Pinal
County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Populations vary greatly throughout
central and eastern counties. Few of economic importance in southeastern area.
Severe injury and loss of milo in central counties. Counts of 200 nymphs and
adults per milo plant. (Burkhardt). IOWA - Nymphs migrating from wheat to corn
in Mills and Taylor Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - Scattered infesta-
tions in corn and grain sorghums continue problem in southwest, west central,
northwest and north central areas. First-generation nymphs mostly last instars.
(Kyd, Thomas). INDIANA - Slight damage to corn in Tippecanoe County. (Gould).
PENNSYLVANIA - Considerable damage to corn on several farms in York and Mont-
gomery Counties. (Gesell, Menusan).

CORN SAP BEETLES - MARYLAND - Carpophilus lugubris heavy in corn ears damaged by
European corn borer, Montgomery County. (UV. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI -
Carpophilus spp. adults continue very numerous in corn; 10-50 percent of ears of
early Sweet corn have larvae and adults. (Kyd, Thomas). WEST VIRGINIA - Corn
sap beetle numerous in borer-infested stalks in Greenbrier County. (W. Va. Ins.
Sur.). DELAWARE - C. lugubris widespread on corn, numerous !some areas. (Mill-
iron, Conrad). OHIO - Carpophilus sp. and Glischrochilus fasciatus fairly abun-
dant in injured ears of Sweet corn at Columbus and Marietta. (C. R. Neiswander).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Heavy with extensive plant
discoloration in milo fields in Cowley and Clark Counties. Light to moderate in
milo and corn in central and southeast. (Matthew). IOWA - Showing up on corn
and sorghum, may increase rapidly. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - Moderate to
heavy in whorls of grain sorghums, some leaf discoloration in central and north-
west areas. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Hundreds per plant in isolated corn and
sorghum plantings over State. (Coppock). WEST VIRGINIA - Four percent infesta-
tion in corn in Greenbrier County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Decreasing

in grain sorghum. (Eden). :

CORN ROOTWORMS - IOWA - Where populations are heavy (20 or more per plant) root
damage severe. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OHIO - Budworm-type larval injury to corn by
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi greater than usual. (C.R.Neiswander). NORTH
CAROLINA - D. und. howardi adults unusually numerous in corn fields and at a light
trap in Duplin County. (Farrier).

GRAIN APHIDS - MAINE - Macrosiphum granarium and Rhopalosiphum fitchii light on
oats at Presque Isle. (Shands). WISCONSIN - Trapping at Madison indicates
decreasing migration of M. granarium and R. fitchii. Colonies of M. granarium
remain small. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IDAHO - Infestations of Macrosiphum granarium
general in northern area; about 80 percent of heads infested with 5-15 per head.
Two to three percent parasitism. (Smith et al.).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in sorghum grown for
seed in Washington County. (Bennett).

- 570 -

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - KANSAS - Increasing throughout many areas of State,
heaviest in southeastern area. Destructive populations on alfalfa, soybeans and
corn. Some corn acreages in Labette and Neosho Counties with 60-90 percent plant
infestation. Numerous Laphygma frugiperda larvae associated with webworms in
fields. Some control applied. Counts of 4-28 larvae per sweep in alfalfa.

Moths abundant in most alfalfa fields in Shawnee, Osage and Franklin Counties,
(Matthew). SOUTH DAKOTA - Appearing in alfalfa fields in southeast. Counts of 1
larva per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - A few fields of small corn in
southwestern area still being severely damaged by L. similalis. Pupation under-
way. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - L. similalis heavy on alfalfa in Kaufman County.
(Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Loxostege sp. heavy to very heavy in southern and central
areas. Defoliation severe in many fields. Up to 80 larvae per 10 sweeps in
McCurtain and Choctaw Counties. From 80-90 percent of some fields defoliated

in Stillwater area. Some spraying in Beckham and Kiowa Counties. (Coppock et al.).
ARKANSAS - L, similalis scattered over State. (Barnes et al.).

THRIPS - DELAWARE - Frankliniella tritici causing noticeable injury to soybeans
in Milford and Laurel-Seaford areas. (Milliron, Conrad). IOWA — Abundant on
corn, (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NORTH DAKOTA - Barley thrips distributed in barley
fields in central and southern North Dakota. Nearly 100 percent of plants
infested in fields fully headed. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Anaphothrips
obscurus injury to lower leaves of field corn light to moderate some areas.

(Milliron, Conrad).

A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - FLORIDA - Averaging several
hundred per square yard on St. Augustine grass at Winter Haven. Five lawns in
area had medium to heavy infestations. (Wesson, July 1).

AN APHID (Asiphonella dactylonii Theobald) - NEW MEXICO - Unidentified aphid
reported on Bermuda grass (CEIR 7(14):251) has been identified by entomologists
at British Museum as above species. Believed to be first collection of the aphid
in North America. Injury seems moderate; however, it will take another season's
observations to determine the extent lawns are damaged. (Durkin, July 6).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax)* - LOUISIANA - Continues to increase in wild
grasses adjacent to rice fields: 20-40 per 100 sweeps in 4 parishes. (Oliver).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium)maculata) - NEW MEXICO -
Generally light across southern third of State with scattered heavy infestations
some fields. Light to medium buildup in central area. (Durkin, July 6).
COLORADO - First taken in Bent County this season in Arkansas River drainage,

5 per 100 sweeps. (Colo. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Slightly increased in Delta area.

(Bunker, Davis). OKLAHOMA - Increasing in southeastern and southwestern counties
and in scattered fields of the central section. Counts of 30-175 per 10 sweeps
in McCurtain, Choctaw and Pottawatomie Counties. (Coppock, Goin). Control

applied in northern Tillman and southern Kiowa Counties. (Hatfield). TEXAS -
Medium to heavy in several alfalfa fields in Burleson County. (Randolph).
KANSAS - In nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in southeast counties, but no
economic populations in any area of State. Counts usually averaged about 15-35
per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). IOWA -— Found in Monona and Fremont Counties for
first time this year; 2 per sweep in thin stands. (lowa Ins. Inf.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Appearing in Brule, Davison, Hanson and Douglas Counties; 2 per 10
sweeps. Evidence of buildup in southeastern border counties where populations
reach 6 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). ILLINOIS - Up to 2,100 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in northwestern and western areas. (I1l. Ins. Rept.). LOUISIANA -
Increasing in alfalfa in Bossier Parish. (Oliver). WEST VIRGINIA - One winged
adult and one nymph from Monroe County on alfalfa. Specimens being submitted
for identification. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). VIRGINIA - Averaged 19 per sweep in
a Southampton County alfalfa field. (Boush, Morris). Averaged 5000, 25, 100 and
30 per sweep in 4 Princess Anne County alfalfa fields. (Hofmaster, Morris).

* Sailer, R. I. 1957. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 59(1):41.

- S571 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Some localized damage to second crop
alfalfa. (Gallaway, July 6). DELAWARE - Larvae population low over State.
(Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Adults and larvae averaged 3-4 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in Patrick County. (Evans). NEBRASKA - Fifty-seven larvae per 100
sweeps. Population reduced in Scottsbluff area due to first cutting. (Hagen).
IDAHO -— Pupation general in south central area but regrowth in some fields delayed
at least 7-10 days. Second-cutting hay retarded also in Power and Bingham
Counties and northward. (Gittins).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MARYLAND - From 25-50 percent of corn silks
infested in Wye Mills area of Queen Annes County. Populations decreasing.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Destructive to soybeans near Bridgeville, and
extensive damage at Centerville. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Severe on corn

and soybeans over Essex County, most extensive for past 5 years. (Little).
Severe on soybeans over Goochland County. (Truett). Causing concern in
Grayson County on corn and soybeans. (Simpson).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Massive infestation
with very severe damage on Ladino clover seed field near Quincy. Few predators.
(Dailey, Telford). IDAHO - Large numbers in a red clover seed field near

Nampa. (Waters).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - IDAHO - Surveys indicate insect
generally spread over southern area and beginning to increase. (Gittins).
Generally abundant in Jerome County. (Cross).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - WASHINGTON - Building up on red clover in
Columbia Basin. Averages of 55 per head near Quincy. First adults of the
parasite, Aphelinus lapisligni, in four red clover seed fields in Columbia
Basin. Predators increasing near Moses Lake and Quincy. (Johansen, July 8).
IDAHO - Extremely heavy populations in clovers in northern area. Controls being
applied in these heavily infested fields. (Manis).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) trifolii) - ILLINOIS —- From
200-460 per 100 sweeps in legumes in southern half of area. (111. Ins. Rept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusual and heavy
damage to soybeans in Hampton County. (Nettles, July 3).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - COLORADO - Counts of 200 per 100 sweeps. (Colo.
Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS — From 50-16,000 per 100 sweeps in southern area. (111.
Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations increasing some areas. One McCook
County alfalfa field averaged 300 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). WASHINGTON -
Average counts of 265 and 134 per sweep in 2 alfalfa fields near Quincy.
Average of 5.2 per sweep in alfalfa field north of Yakima. (Dailey).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEW YORK - Building up in numbers. Apparent-—
ly causing more injury and in larger numbers than last year. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.,
July 8). PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing rapidly on alfalfa generally. (Pepper).
Counts of 2-5 per 5 sweeps in Bedford County and 8-10 per 5 sweeps in Fulton
County. (Udine). DELAWARE - No increase on alfalfa. Numerous on soybeans in
Milton area. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs average 1-13

per sweep on alfalfa in Allegany, Garrett, Frederick and Montgomery Counties.

Some fields show yellowing. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Nymphs in most
fields in the peanut producing area of southeast. Average about 1 for every

5 or 6 leaflets. Few adults. (Boush). Averaged 3 per sweep in Southampton
County alfalfa field and 3-5 in 3 Princess Anne County fields. (Morris, Hofmast-
er). ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps in legumes in southern area as follows: adults
50-8,400 and nymphs 10 to 22,400. (111. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Counts of 2-50 per
sweep in second crop alfalfa and causing damage in southern half of State.

(Iowa Ins. Inf.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Average of 6 adults and nymphs per 10 sweeps on
alfalfa, Lincoln County. (Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - Populations sharply decreased
over southern half of State and sweep counts in alfalfa ranged 7-26 nymphs and

- 572 -

adults per sweep. Heavy and severe yellowing continues over northern area. (Kyd,
Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Light, rather uniform populations in alfalfa in southeastern
and south central counties (8-20 per 10 sweeps). (Coppock). NEBRASKA - Damage to
alfalfa in southeast area. (Andersen).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2-10 per
sweep on alfalfa in Allegany County. Nymphs abundant, Carroll County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Adults 20-500 per 100 sweeps in legumes in southern
area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on alfalfa in Butler
County (Adams); 75 per 5 sweeps, in Bedford County. (Udine). OKLAHOMA - Adults
common in alfalfa but generally light (5-40 per 10 sweeps). (Coppock).

PLANT BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Lygus elisus and L. hesperus generally heavy in alfalfa
in Dona Ana, Eddy, and Chavez Counties. (Durkin, July 6). KANSAS - Adelphocoris
lineolatus nymphs and adults common in alfalfa in east central area; 4-12 per
sweep. (Matthew). ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps in legumes in southern area: rapid
plant bug adults 6-200, alfalfa plant bug adults 0-400, plant bug nymphs 20-

600. (111. Ins. Rept.). ARIZONA - Lygus spp. found at 3-4 adults, 2-3 nymphs
per sweep on 80 acres alfalfa in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
WASHINGTON - Up to 1 adult per sweep in Quincy area. (Dailey).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN - Adults in larger
numbers in many sections. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts of 380-1,360
per sweeps in second-growth alfalfa in northwestern section. (Ill. Ins. Rept.,
July 5).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Average of 2
larvae per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Southeast. (Hantsbarger). IDAHO - Adults
abundant in Owyhee County, common in Twin Falls and Jerome areas. (Gittins).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - General but
light in alfalfa, Dona Ana County. (Durkin, July 6).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on
peanuts in 15 counties. (Johnson, July F

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - New infestations during the month
include: ALABAMA - 33 properties comprising about 1,632 acres; FLORIDA - 43
properties comprising 1,888 acres; GEORGIA - 2,095 acres, mostly around Fitz-—
gerald, Eastman and Macon; LOUISIANA - 30 acres; MISSISSIPPI - De Soto County
found infested for first time, 1,200 acres of farmland involved; NORTH CAROLINA -
2 new properties involving 115 acres in Cumberland County. (PPC, So. Reg., June
Rept.).

ALFALFA LOOPERS - IOWA - Abundant in alfalfa, averaging 2-3 per sweep. (Iowa Ins.
Tae) ys

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - NEBRASKA - Damaging alfalfa in
Morrill and Garden Counties, middle Platte Valley and southwest areas.
(Andersen).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ILLINOIS - Six to 100 per 100 sweeps
on legumes in southern area. (III. Ins. Rept.).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa
and red clover many areas. (Milliron, Conrad).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - ILLINOIS - Up to 40 per 100 sweeps in legumes
in southern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA - Damaging alfalfa in Lawrence
County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - E. pestifera causing noticeable damage to soybeans
at Milford. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH DAKOTA - In soybeans and alfalfa but no
crop injury observed. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

- 573 -

A CASEMAKER (Apterona crenulella) - UTAH - Very numerous on range plants in areas
of Cache, Rich, Box Elder and Utah Counties. (Davis, Knowlton).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ARKANSAS - Crittenden County found
infested for first time, one additional property found infested in Mississippi
County. NORTH CAROLINA - One new property found infested in Pender County.
TENNESSEE - Four new infestations in Dyer County and one in Lauderdale County:
209 acres involved. Surveys in LOUISIANA, ALABAMA, GEORGIA and OKLAHOMA
negative. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rept.). MISSOURI - At end of June, infestations
totaled 35 fields in Pemiscot County comprising 1,855 acres, and one field of

8 acres in New Madrid County. (PPC, Cent. Reg.). MISSISSIPPI - Reported on
soybeans in De Soto County. (Cochran). New State record. First infestation
confirmed July 10 from specimens collected June 20 on farm in De Soto County.
Specimens from 20 other counties during June negative. (PPC, So. Reg., June
Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

ORCHARD MITES - NEW YORK - Metatetranychus ulmi and Tetranychus telarius heavy
some orchards in Columbia County and building up some orchards in Niagara

County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). INDIANA - Severe bronzing on apples where
mites uncontrolled in Vincennes area. M. ulmi predominant, although T. telarius
building up. (Hamilton). Counts on treated apple foliage 150 per leaf at
Orleans, mostly M. ulmi. Populations may bronze foliage in untreated orchards.
(Marshall). MARYLAND — Building up some orchards at Hancock. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia praetiosa and Tetranychus mcdanieli medium to heavy
in apple orchards in Sandoval County. Control applied most orchards. (Durkin,
July 6). KANSAS - Small numbers of Tetranychus spp. most orchards. (Eshbaugh).
MISSOURI - M. ulmi and T. telarius building up in central area. Some bronzing of
leaves apparent. Some B. praetiosa present. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). DELAWARE.-
M. ulmi persists on apple in Kent and Sussex Counties, under control generally.
(MacCreary). WEST VIRGINIA - Prevalent on apple, causing damage, in Jefferson
and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). OHIO - Infestations of M. ulmi
increasing. (Cutright). WASHINGTON - M. ulmi increasing on fruit trees in
Yakima area. (Dean). Vasates schlechtendali, V. fockeui and Epitrimerus pyri
rapidly increasing on apple, pear and cherry respectively in Wenatchee area.
(Ballard, July 8). NEVADA - Moderate infestation of Eriophyes pyri on apple in
Douglas County. (Lauderdale, July 6). PENNSYLVANIA - T. telarius building up
rapidly on apples in Beaver County. (Adams). WISCONSIN - Populations of M. ulmi
vary in Door County, but increasing. Average 10-15 per leaf some orchards.

(Wis. Ins. Surv.). UTAH - V. fockeui damage common on cherry foliage in Utah,
Davis and Weber Counties; most severe at Orem. (Davis). M. ulmi damaging apple
at Orem. Species only occasionally damaging past three years in State. (Davis,

Knowlton). Bryobia praetiosa damaging apple tree foliage in Carbon and Emery
Counties. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Eriophyes pyri common on backyard apple trees in
central and eastern areas, one very severe infestation at American Falls.
(Schow, Gittins).

APHIDS - MINNESOTA - Populations building up some orchards. (Fr. Pest Inf.
Lett.). DELAWARE - Aphis pomi persistent locally, not serious. (MacCreary).
RHODE ISLAND - Populations of A. pomi high on apple trees in Greenville-Harmony
area. (Tibbetts, Stoner). WEST VIRGINIA - A. pomi prevalent, feeding mainly on
sprouts, in Jefferson and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). WASHINGTON -
Heavy infestations of Chromaphis juglandicola caused severe damage to walnut
trees in Union Gap area and through Yakima County. (Landis). WISCONSIN -
Populations of Myzus persicae increasing rapidly most apple orchards in Door

County. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) - NEW YORK - Populations heaviest in
years in Columbia County, damage slight. Heavy bait trap catches at Sodus,
Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8).

- 574 -

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Large numbers emerging at
Vincennes, with peak between July 1 and 4. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - Second-brood
infestation increased in Carbondale area. (Chandler). MARYLAND - Second-brood
adults emerging at Hancock. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Second-brood underway
in northeastern area; considerable overlapping of broods. (Eshbaugh). MISSOURI -
Second-brood entries expected by July 14. (Wkly Rept. Fr. Gr.). DELAWARE -

First second-brood larvae observed July 9. (MacCreary). RHODE ISLAND - First
report of season. (Stoner). WEST VIRGINIA - Injury light on apples in Jefferson
and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). OHIO - First second-brood adults at
Wooster July 8. (Cutright). WISCONSIN - Emergence continues in Door County.

(Wis. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Adults active in northern area, five percent of orchard
apples infested at Price. (Davis, Knowlton).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESUTA - Adults emerged July 4 and 5 in
southern area and July 7 in Twin Cities area. (Fr. Pest Inf. Lett.). RHODE
ISLAND - High populations in Greenville-Harmony area. Emergence leveling-off

at Kingston. Considerable damage may occur if nov treated. (Stoner, Tibbetts).
OHIO - First adults in orchard July 9. (Cutright). MASSACHUSETTS - About 75
percent emergence at Waltham. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). WISCONSIN - First report
June 29 in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK - Second-brood may be
serious problem many orchards. Favorable conditions in early spring allowed heavy
moth flight and heavy egg deposition. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). ILLINOIS -
Attacks on fruit increasing in Carbondale area. (Chandler). RHODE ISLAND -
Larvae active on apple in Greenville-Harmony area, Little fruit and foliage
injury. (Tibbetts, Stoner). MICHIGAN - First adults will begin to appear in
southwestern area. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Populations medium most orchards in
Door County, but more found in cherries than in 1956. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - WISCONSIN - Populations higher
than 1956 some orchards in Door County; pupation complete. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - MARYLAND - Third-brood
eggs and some small larvae found at Hancock. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS -
New-brood adults emerging in northeastern area. (Eshbaugh).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ILLINOIS - Considerable numbers jarred on
peach trees in Carbondale area. (Chandler). RHODE ISLAND - Considerable injury
to fruit from earlier activity. (Tibbetts, Stoner).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on Sutter Island,
Courtland, Sacramento County; first record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).
WASHINGTON - Activity low in Yakima and Wenatchee areas. Increased abundance and
damage anticipated with cooler weather. (Dean, Anthon).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW YORK - Second-brood adults at
peak in Rockland County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). INDIANA - Severe infesta-
tions several orchards in southern area. Third brood active. Peak flights at
Decker July 1 and 2. (Hamilton). Attack severe at Orleans, both twigs and fruit
more heavily infested than most years. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - Entering fruit
some orchards. (Chandler). RHODE ISLAND - Considerable tip damage on peach in
Greenville-Harmony area. (Mathewson).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Scattered heavy infestations
on walnut and pecans in Stillwater area (Bieberdorf) and beginning in Pontotoc
County (Meharg).

AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca americana) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 125
per tree on 200 inspected: nymphs averaged 24 per square foot on five acres in
orange grove at Orange Lake, Marion County. (Denmark, July 4).

- 575 -

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Two females trapped July 9
and 10 at San Ysidro, San Diego County,making 7 taken in 1957. No egg
development any of 5 females trapped. Currently 1226 traps on 338 properties in
San Ysidro area. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - During last two weeks of
June, 4 new infestations found, one each in Lake, Pasco, Pinellas and Polk
Counties.. All infestations light. Pinellas and Lake Counties first two counties
to become reinfested after all regulatory activities had been discontinued.
Aggregate acreage treated since beginning of program with bait sprays totals
6,572,925 with sprays being applied to 31,100 acres by June 30. (PPC, So. Reg.,
June Rept.).

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - During June, 16 properties
totaling 30 acres found infested, of which 23 were citrus groves. (PPC, So.
Reg.).

Quarterly Insect and Mite Outlook, Lake Alfred Florida: Infestations of PURPLE
SCALE were at peak end of June and will decline through September. Populations
will increase from October and will be above average until May, 1958. FLORIDA
RED SCALE infestations will decline sharply in July and August. Average for
rest of year will be below average with no general outbreak this fall. CITRUS
RED MITE infestations will decline through July and August and will be below aver.
this fall. CITRUS RUST MITE will reach peak about end of July, with declining
trend through August and September, followed by increase to second peak in late
November or early December. level for rest of season will be above average.
MEALYBUG infestations will decline sharply to low level through July and August.
(Pratt, July 1).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

LEAFHOPPERS - MARYLAND - Empoasca fabae moderate on beans in eastern Allegany
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WASHINGTON - Empoasca filamenta nymphs abundant
on potatoes throughout Columbia Basin; damage very light. (Landis). COLORADO -
Counts of Macrosteles fascifrons 14-20 per 100 sweeps in Weld County. (Colo.
Econ. Ins. Rept.). MICHIGAN - M. fascifrons very abundant at Beulah, Bath,
Stockbridge and Whitehall. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - M. fascifrons more abundant
than for over decade for time of year. Aster -yellows virus appearing earlier than
usual in Kenosha County and elsewhere on carrots, celery and lettuce where not
treated. E. fabae abundant on untreated potatoes. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

LOUISIANA = Counts of Empoasca spp. 30 per 100 sweeps on sweetpotatoes in
Evangeline Parish. (Oliver).

FLEA BEETLES —- MARYLAND —- Heavy on cabbage at Woodmore, Prince Georges County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA - Very heavy on eggplant. (lowa Ins. Inf.).

COLORADO - Systena blanda damaged beans in Delta County, especially in weedy
fields. (Exp. Sta.). MICHIGAN - S. blanda very numerous in Battle Creek area.
(Hutson). NEBRASKA - Epitrix cucumeris averaged 56.8 per 100 sweeps on potatoes
in Scottsbluff area. (Hagen). WISCONSIN - Second generation E. cucumeris may
be a problem. (Wis. Ins. Rept.). IDAHO - Adults of Phyllotreta pusilla prevalent
with light injury some sugar beet fieldsin Boise Valley area. (Gittins).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEW YORK - Adults heavier than

usual in Livingston County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept., July 8). NEW JERSEY - Light to
severe damage to beans in southern area. (Ins.-Dis. News.). ALABAMA — Damaging
beans over State. (Grimes, Arant). DELAWARE - Heavy damage to beans near Milford.
(Milliron). RHODE ISLAND - Reports of damage from Providence; first of season.
(Stoner). UTAH - Damage begun in several northern counties. (Knowlton).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - MARYLAND - Abundant on beans, potatoes
and tomatoes in eastern Allegany County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 576 -

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aenus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Injurious to crowder peas
in Pitt, Halifax and Wilson Counties. (Scott).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO —- Adults 5-10 per plant in Montrose
County; nymphs as high as 40-50 per plant. Buildup rapid, control recommended.
(Exp. Sta.). NEVADA - Heavy migration to onion fields from first cutting of
alfalfa. (Gallaway, July 6).

THRIPS - NEW YORK - Heavy on onions in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - MICHIGAN - Still troublesome in Stockbridge,
Munith and Bath areas. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Populations very high, over 90
percent some commercial fields infested in Kenosha County. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).
IDAHO - Injury to commercial onions in Twin Falls area,larvae nearly mature.
(Gibson). Damage by second-generation larvae not as severe as first in
southwestern area. (Scott).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - WISCONSIN - Damaged radishes in Shawano
County, probably more damage than reported. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - WASHINGTON - Severe damage several
asparagus fields near Sunnyside. (Landis, July 8).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Second-generation Crioceris duodecimpunctata and
C. asparagi fairly numerous in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Rept.). UTAH -C.
asparagi numerous in Utah County. (Davis, Knowlton). IDAHO - C. asparagi
greatly reduced in Boise Valley, lower than past two years. (Gittins).

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - WISCONSIN - Populations light though punctures
somewhat more numerous in rhubarb than 1956 in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) - ALABAMA - Collected in
Walker County. (Davis).

A MINT LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - INDIANA - Serious outbreak on spearmint and
peppermint in 16 mint-—producing counties. Serious defoliation on row and meadow
mint. Some migration into corn and soybean fields. Det. H. W. Capps. (Gould,
Osmun). MICHIGAN - Very active on mint at St. Johns, Marlett and Stockbridge.
(Hutson).

LOOPERS - NEW JERSEY - Light to severe damage to beans in southern area. (Ins.-
Dis. News.).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) -— WISCONSIN - Have been abundant on beets
in Kenosha County, now pupating. (Wis. Ins. Rept.). IDAHO - Damage more severe
than past few years in Minidoka, Cassia, Bingham, Power and Bannock Counties
with heaviest damage in Bingham County. (Gittins).

ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) - WASHINGTON - Infested areas up to 10 feet
in diameter in sugar beets near Moses Lake. (Johansen, July 8). Negligible
damage to potatoes generally in Adams and Grant Counties. (Landis).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NEBRASKA - Larvae beginning to damage

sugar beets in panhandle area. Spray applied. (Hagen, Hill). UTAH - Populations
of adults generally moderate in northern area. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Damage may
occur to sugar beets in Murtaugh-Pocatello-Sugar City areas. Larvae abundant on
wild hosts in area. (Gittins).

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Considerable pea acreage
treated to eliminate larvae which were causing trouble in processing plants.
(Johansen).

- 577 -

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - ILLINOIS - Counts averaged one per 1000
sweeps on horseradish in East St. Louis area. (111. Ins. Rept.). CALIFORNIA -
As high as 15 per 10 sweeps in Coalinga area. Only three tomato plants with
curly top in 55 fields examined in Tulare, Fresno, Madera and Merced Counties;
survey completed. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). WASHINGTON - All susceptible beans in
Columbia Basin heavily infected, 90-98 percent, with curly top. Most fields
being plowed up and replanted with resistant varieties. (Johansen, July 8).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WASHINGTON - Counts averaged 30 per tip on dry
peas in Pullman area, populations built up with approximately 5,000 acres
treated. Unusual abundance probably due to cool spring and late maturing of
peas. (Johansen). WISCONSIN - Populations building up some late peas. Some
treatment being applied with more probably needed in late fields. Average
counts about 25 per sweep. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudoletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Outbreak numbers observed one
Green Lake County pea field and some fields in Columbia and Rock Counties.
Counts ranged from 2 to 10 per square foot. Larvae largely one-third grown.
Parasitism by Apanteles militaris very low. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - LOUISIANA - Counts 150 larvae per 100
sweeps on cowpeas in St. John the Baptist and Tangipahoa Parishes and heavily
infesting sweetpotateos in several fields in East Baton Rouge Parish. Control
necessary some sweetpotato fields. (Oliver).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) -— COLORADO - Counts per 100 sweeps on
potatoes in Weld County were 10-20 adults and O-6 nymphs, and in La Junta area,
Otero County, 80 adults with few nymphs. Control recommended. (Exp. Sta.).
NEBRASKA - Averaged 10.5 per 100 sweeps on early potatoes. Some fields severely
damaged. (Hill, Hagen).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Severe damage to
potatoes and tomatoes some localities. Milliron). WASHINGTON - Damage to
potatoes in Grant and Adams Counties abated; nearly all larvae matured. (Landis).
IDAHO - Infestations developing in warmer areas though no outbreak appears
evident; infestations generally spotty with some treatment of entire fields.
(Gittins). Heavier infestation in Jerome County than during 1956 with many
fields sprayed. (Cross).

APHIDS - DELAWARE - Macrosiphum solanifolii abundant on potatoes in Seaford
area. (Milliron). WASHINGTON - Extremely heavy migration of Myzus persicae to
potatoes in western Adams County. Moderate to heavy on bell peppers near
Wapato, scattered over considerable acreage. (Landis).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy infestation in
Greenville-Harmony area on potatoes. (Tibbets, Stoner).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - VIRGINIA - Large numbers present
in potato vines on Eastern Shore; none in foliage. Two fields over 50 percent
tubers damaged. (Hofmaster).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) -— DELAWARE - Common on peppers in Milford-Greenwood
area, moderate defoliation on tomatoes at Lincoln. (Milliron). MARYLAND -
Moderate on tomatoes and peppers in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly common on tomatoes in south central area. (Pepper).

A TORTOISE BEETLE (Agroiconota bivittata) - ALABAMA - Damaging sweetpotatoes in
Cullman County. (Grimes) .

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - ALABAMA — Damaging squash throughout
State. ( Grimes). MICHIGAN — First adults at Howell July 2. (Hutson).
WISCONSIN - Newly-hatched larvae July 6 in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 578 -

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - MARYLAND - All stages abundant on squash, in Frederick
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - All stages numerous on squash at
Milton. (Milliron).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging cucumbers in
Abbeville County. (Nettles, July 3). Severely damaging squash at Clemson and
Seneca. (Nettles). ALABAMA - Infestations on cantaloups and squash severe in
Lee County. (Guyton).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Severe on 500 acres of melons near
Fleetwood in Jefferson County. (Hatfield). Light in Idabel vicinity of
southeastern area. (Coppock, Goin).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - DELAWARE - Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and Acalymma
vittata numerous on cucurbits at Milton and Smyrna. (Milliron). RHODE ISLAND -
Severe damage by A. vittata to cucurbits at Johnson; some economic damage
statewide. (Stoner). NORTH DAKOTA - Medium infestations of A. vittata on
cucumbers in southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - A. vittata

and D. undecimpunctata howardi as numerous and generally prevalent as in 1956.

(Wise is wekeptepr

CABBAGWORMS - WISCONSIN - Tricholpusia ni numerous for time of year. (Wis. Ins.
Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - T. ni abundant in eastern areas; heavily damaging many
garden crops. (Lofgren). CAL. - T. ni Unusually abundant on cabbage in Orange
County, as many as 5 per plant. Caused damage to celery hearts several adjacent
fields. (Campbell, Elmore). DELAWARE - Pieris rapae destructive to kale at Delmar,
(Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - One to four larvae and up to 20 eggs of P. rape

per plant on cabbage and broccoli in Elk and Butler Counties. (Adams).

RASPBERRY PESTS - WISCONSIN - Obera bimaculata adults numerous and Agrilus rufi-
collis adults moderately numerous on untreated plantings week of June 24. Aphids
numerous, spreading mosaic virus which is more prevalent than past few years.
(Wis. Ins. Rept.).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Damaging strawberry plantings
in Door County, July I and feeding on raspberries in Waupaca and Portage
Counties. Populations moderate some counties, but generally lighter than for
several years in areas where usually abundant. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

f
STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - WISCONSIN - Heavy populations
on untreated strawberries in Door County June 25. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).
LOUISIANA - Forty percent of strawberry plants infested in 2 fields in Tangipahoa
Parish. (Oliver).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WISCONSIN - Increasing in Door
County on strawberries. Counts averaged3.2 per leaf July 1. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

WHITEFLIES - RHODE ISLAND - Thousands per strawberry plant on half-acre field
at Tuckertown. Worst ever noted. (Stoner).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce Spp.) MARYLAND - Generally light on tobacco most sections.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - About 6 percent untreated plants in tobacco
fields infested in Jefferson County. (Deay). NORTH CAROLINA - Averages per 50
plants: 11.2 eggs and 15.1 larvae in Whiteville area; 17.6 eggs and 10.5 larvae
in Clayton area. (Guthrie, Barron). Occasional larvae on tobacco in Granville
County. (Chamberlin).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Very light on tobacco in Prince
Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestations light in
Pittsylvania County; declined last 10 days. (Dominick, July 5).

- 579 -

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MARYLAND - Infestations averaged 6 per

100 tobacco plants in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -
Generally light on tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, July 5).

NORTH CAROLINA - Average 0.85 larva per 50 tobacco plants in Johnston County.

(Guthrie, Barron). Light in Granville County. (Chamberlin).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Generally light in
Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, July - NORTH CAROLINA - Scarce on tobacco
in Granville County. (Chamberlin).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - MARYLAND - Lightly infesting bottom
leaves of late tobacco. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GRASSHOPPERS - MASSACHUSETTS - More numerous than usual, may need control along
tobacco fields and other crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

2 5 2 6 2 EE 2 2 2K 6 2K 2 2K 2K 2k 28 2 OK 2 2 2k 2 2 2 CE KKK

Continued from page 560

Delaware and Maryland, with the 40's general in Michigan, and Phillipsburg, Pa.,
experiencing a reading of 39°

Temperatures for the week averaged near to below normal over most of the north-
eastern quarter of the Nation, and also in Washington, Oregon and extending south-
ward into western California and the Great Basin, and thence eastward over the
central Rocky Mountain region. Elsewhere averages were generally above normal,
with greatest plus anomalies observed in the northern Plains where +5° to +7°
departures were recorded.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 580 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - VIRGINIA - Square counts 30-54 percent in
Mecklenburg County, 50-62 percent in Brunswick County, 37-50 percent in Greens-
ville County, 3-16 in Southampton and 5 in one field in Nansemond County.
Controls in some Greensville and Southampton fields. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA -
Squares examined in 172 fields in 20 counties. Sixty-three treated and 20
untreated fields had less than 10 percent square damage. (Cott. News Lett.).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Average infestation in 38 counties: treated fields 17 percent,
untreated fields 46 percent. This compares with ’8 and 25 percent a year ago.
Situation is serious. Much of bottom crop has been lost in Coastal Plains.
(Cott. Lett.). Thirteen treated fields in Florence County had 13 percent
infestation and 44 treated fields in Darlington County examined June 27-29

had 11 percent infestation. (Walker et al.). TENNESSEE - Considerable damage
in southern counties with light spotted damage as far as Lauderdale County.
Heaviest infestations are south of Jackson. Peak emergence of first-generation
weevils expected by July 19. Average percent punctured squares was 18 compared
with 31 last week and 28 a year ago. (Locke). GEORGIA - Fifty-five fields
examined in 23 southern counties showed range of 5-80 percent infestation with
average of 35 percent for all fields. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Forty-seven fields
checked in 7 northern and 1 southern county and all fields infested at rate of
30.7 percent. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Twenty-two fields in delta counties had
square infestation of 12.4 percent. Older cotton has trapped early weevils and
much of early crop has been lost. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Overall square
infestation average for 92 fields was 21 percent in Madison Parish: 69 treated
fields had 20 percent and 23 untreated had 25 percent. (Smith et al.).

ARKANSAS - Control of first-generation weevils needed in most early fields in
southwest area. Young cotton rather free of infestation. Total of 3307 fields
scouted and 59 percent found infested compared with 47 last week and 68 last
year. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Average of 9.7 percent infestation in

fifty-two fields in McLennan and Falts Counties. Light in late-planted fields.
(Parencia et al.). Migration continues in the lower Rio Grande Valley.
Infestations increased in southwest and coastal bend areas; however infestations
light in central, east , south central, upper coastal and north central areas.
(Turney, Martin, July 5). MISSOURI - Very light and scattered marginal infesta-
tions, 1 to 3 percent, in 19 fields in southern Dunklin County. First-generation
weevils emerging. (Kyd, Thomas).

*treated

Boll Weevil Square Infestation Counts as of July 12

CABBAGE LOOPERS - TEXAS - Increasing in south plains, northwest and lower Rio
Grande Valley. (Turney, Martin, July 5).

- 581 -

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - VIRGINIA - None found in southeastern area.
(Morris). SOUTH CAROLINA - Increases reported. Some damage in Piedmont. (Cott.
Lett.). Remains low in Florence County. (Walker et al.). TENNESSEE - Building
up in rank cotton with some fields requiring controls. Average of 2 larvae per
100 terminals. (Locke). GEORGIA - Heavy in Grady, Thomas and Colquitt Counties.
Six eggs per 100 terminals in Jenkins County and 9 eggs per 100 terminals in
Warren County. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Light in 7 counties. (Grimes).

MISSISSIPPI - Generally not a pest of cotton at this time in delta counties.
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Not present in most fields in Madison Parish.

(Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Increasing slightly. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Egg
deposition increased sharply over last week in McLennan and Falls Counties.

Eggs averaged 7.8 and larvae 1.1 per 100 terminals in 85 fields. (Parencia

et al.). Light in most areas, July 5. (Turney, Martin). ARIZONA - Reported

in scattered fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Light and spotty in
Dona Ana County. (Durkin, July 6). MISSOURI - Very light in 24 of 567 fields
scouted. (Kyd, Thomas).

STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Appearing in light numbers in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima
Counties; 5-6 per 100 sweeps on 80 acres at Tolleson. Mostly Chlorochroa sayi
and Euschistus impictiventris. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Light generally in lower Rio
Grande Valley, coastal bend, upper coastal, central and west area. (Turney,
Martin, July 5). CALIFORNIA - Cooperative pink bollworm blossom survey continuing
in Imperial County where 92,311 blooms from 38 properties inspected with no
infestations being found. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PLANT BUGS - TENNESSEE - Some loss of small squares in southern counties. (Locke).
LOUISIANA - Tarnished plant bug nymphs abundant in some fields in Madison Parish.
(Smith et al.). TEXAS - Twenty-two cotton fleahoppers per 100 terminals in 85
fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Heavy in untreated fields. (Parencia

et al.). ARIZONA - Lygus bugs range from 16-70 per 100 sweeps in several areas;
16-18 in Salt River Valley. Up to 70 Psallus seriatus per 100 sweeps in scattered
fields in Pima County. Fourteen to 16 Spanogonicus sp. per 100 sweeps in
scattered fields in Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Lygus
bugs building up in most cotton fields in Kern County. Nymphs increasing but
predators active. (Cal. Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO - Lygus elisus light to

medium in cotton in Dona Ana County, moderate damage in scattered fields.

(Durkin, July 6). MISSOURI - Of 567 fields scouted, 445 fields had 1-29 nymphs
per 100 terminals. Fleahoppers and plant bugs (mainly L. lineolaris) involved.

No damage. (Kyd, Thomas). ae

APHIDS - VIRGINIA - Light in cotton in Mecklenburg, Brunswick, Greensville,
Nansemond and Southampton. (Morris, Boush). NORTH CAROLINA - Occurring in

many fields, no damage. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Appearing in all
sections. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Of 55 fields examined in southern counties,
all were infested. Light in 5 counties, moderate in 7 and heavy in 9. (Johnson) .
MISSOURI - From 50-60 percent of fields have scattered infestations. Generally
light and gradually decreasing. (Kyd, Thomas).

WHITEFLIES - ARIZONA - Numerous in scattered cotton fields throughout Salt River
Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - CALIFORNIA — Problem on
cotton where adjacent alfalfa cut for hay in parts of Kern County. (Cal. Cott.
Lett.).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Appearing in scattered fields over a wide area,
(Cott. News Lett.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate in southern areas. (Johnson).
ALABAMA — Light in Cullman County. (Grimes). TEXAS - Reported from lower valley,
central, north central and northwest areas. (Turney, Martin, July 5).

CALIFORNIA - Building up generally in Kern County. (Cal. Cott. Lett.).

- 582 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - MARYLAND - Heavy defoliation on junipers
and sycamores in Prince Georges County. Damage quite severe. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
KANSAS - Populations economic on juniper, oak and apple at Manhattan, Riley

County. (Thompson). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe injury to cedar and juniper some
areas of Bertie, Wake and Iredell Counties. (Scott). DELAWARE - Severe
defoliation of trees in areas. (Milliron). MISSOURI - Damage general over State;
some cedars and evergreens killed. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Heavy on sycamore
trees in Brazos County. (Monk).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Emerged at Escanabe
on July 1. (Hutson):

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - INDIANA - Abundant in Owen County.
(Schuder).

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Considerable
injury from 1956 on Scotch pine in Fayette County. Every branch on some trees
flagged. Acres affected. Adults now abundant on new growth. (Udine).

Gypsy Moth Eradication Program - The 1957 cooperative Federal-State gypsy moth
eradication program in the Northeast began April 22 and was completed June 14.

A total of 2,902,507 acres were sprayed with 2,484,494 gallons of DDT oil

solution in the New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania area under Federal contract...
The breakdown was as follows: New Jersey 193,140 acres; Pennsylvania 130,015
acres; New York 2,579,362 acres. Spraying under State contracts has been
completed on 105,820 acres in Pennsylvania, 200,000 acres in New York, 53,874
acres in Connecticut, 120,000 acres in Massachusetts, 16,300 acres in Rhode

Island, 100 acres in Maine, 18,880 acres in Michigan, 20 acres in Vermont and

10 acres in New Hampshire. (PPC)

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - During June approximately 3,800
traps were placed in ten counties. (PPC, Cent. Reg.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - FLORIDA - Larvae fairly abundant on pecan and
woodland trees in Alachua County. (Hetrick, July 1).

A NYMPHALID (Polygonia interrogationis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae feeding heavily
on elm in Washington County. Udine).

AN OECOPHORID (Psilocorsis faginella) - DELAWARE - Severe on beech in Newark area;
destroyed 30 percent of foliage Some cases. (Milliron).

TENT CATERPILLARS - UTAH - Defoliated maple in large range area above Mantua.
(Knowlton).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Damaging mimosa trees some
locations. (Rowell, Dominick, Sutphin). INDIANA - Abundant on locust in
Indianapolis area. (Schuder). MISSOURI - Heavy webbing occurring in southeastern
area and scattered central areas. (Kyd, Thomas).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Damage conspicuous in most
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy on locust near Smyrna.
(Milliron).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Severe damage to
untreated areas. (Gallaway, July 6). VIRGINIA - Damaging elms all areas of
Loudoun County. (Brown). WASHINGTON - Moderate damage to elm at Wenatchee and
Yakima. (Dailey, Telford).

- 583 -

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Emergence
began around May 20 at Madison. As of July 10, Specimens collected from 32 elms
infested with Dutch elm disease, all in known infested areas with exception of Elm
Grove which reported first case. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

MITES - IOWA ~- Tetranychus telarius abundant, 10 per leaf, on young pin oak at

Ames. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage to oak by Oligonychus sp.
in Alamance County and injuring numerous oaks in Person County. (Reams, Farrier).

DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor widespread on oaks. (Milliron).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - DELAWARE - Much less common and destruc-
tive in natural stands than expected. (Milliron).

COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - WASHINGTON - Severe damage on

maple trees in Wenatchee. (Ballard, July 8). Crawlers on leaves and twigs at
Pullman. (Telford, July 8).

APHIDS - UTAH - Poplars severely infested by Thecabius populi-conduplifolius and T.
populi-monilis in Prince-Helper area of Carbon County. Birch trees sometimes Be)
heavily infested in northern area and willows heavily infested in local areas of
Logan Canyon. Heavy infestation of Periphyllus lyropictus at Logan controlled by
predators. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - P. lyropictus very heavy at Wenatchee.
Honeydew heavy. (Dailey). “Re

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous at Rocky Bottom.
(Berly). INDIANA — First adults in Kentland area June 27. Populations generally
low and scattered July 9. (Gould). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults decreasing rapidly
in New Hanover and Pender Counties and increasing in western counties. (Kelley).
DELAWARE - Continues destructive to trees and shrubs in Kent and Sussex Counties.
(Milliron). RHODE ISLAND - Large numbers in southern area (Stoner) and emerging
strongly in Greenville and Harmony in northern area. (Tibbets, Stoner).
PENNSYLVANIA - Generally very abundant; heaviest ever seen in Washington County.
(Pepper, Udine). VIRGINIA - Continue to damage many ornamental plants, fruit
trees, garden crops, and some species of trees in all infested areas of State.
Infestations severe generally and or locally in Shenandoah , Loudoun, Gloucester,
Caroline, Patrick, Montgomery and Nansemond Counties. (Morris et al.).

RHODODENDRON LACE BUG (Stephanitis rhododendri) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults abundant
and causing injury to rhododendron at West Kingston. (Poland). PENNSYLVANIA -
Numerous in Scranton area of Lackawanna County on rhododendron. (Gesell).

SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - MARYLAND - Heavy on sycamores in Allegany
County. Light in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common near
Delaware City. (Milliron).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults plentiful many
areas. (Stoner).

PINE INSECTS - OKLAHOMA - Ips avulsus and I. grandicollis generally heavy in logged
over areas in Pushmataha and McCurtain Counties. Light to medium populations in
recent windfall areas. Dendroctonus terebrans heavy some trees same area.
(Coppock, Goin).

CARPENTERWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy damage in scattered poplar, elm and ash
trees many locations. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - IOWA - Populations increasing rapidly; only 20 percent

of cattle herds treated. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Heavy on cattle over most
of State. (Barnes et al.).

- 584 -

MOSQUITOES - ALABAMA - Species prevalent are Culex erraticus, C. quinquefasciatus,
Psorophora confinnis and P, cyanescens. (Bargren). FLORIDA - Aedes tormentor
adults biting at rate of 48 per 10 minutes and A. infirmatus 1 per 10 minutes
near White Spring, Hamilton County, June 25. (Mead). Psorophora ciliata and

P. confinnisheavily attacking man at Haines City, Polk County, April 16.
(Sistrunk). RHODE ISLAND - First report of equine encephalomyelitis from horse
at Kingston June 30. Disease early in relation to other years. Virus not
recovered, but symptoms were definite. (Grennan, Helmboldt). UTAH - Populations
heavy on shore line of Great Salt Lake in Weber County; largely Aedes dorsalis.
Control generally good in County, best since 1954. (Fronk). Troublesome many
other areas. Culex tarsalis more abundant than past week in western area.
Acreage controlled include 14,700 by aircraft spray and 6,000 by ground

spray. (Fronk, Knowlton).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Becoming abundant in eastern area,
(Lofgren).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Several cases reported in
Anderson County, June 22 and numerous in Colleton County. (Nettles et al.,
July 3). ALABAMA - Infesting hogs in Lee County. (Arant, Guyton).

TABANIDS - DELAWARE - Deer flies, Chrysops spp., very abundant and annoying
throughout State. (Milliron, Conra

FLEAS - RHODE ISLAND - One extremely heavy infestation of Pulex irritans in
home in Wakefield. (Stoner). OKLAHOMA - Infesting homes throughout State.
(Bower).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - DELAWARE - Very prevalent in wood-
lands. (Milliron, Conrad).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - IOWA - Very abundant in stored corn.
Clowa. Ins. Int.)

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - ILLINOIS - Counts per 100 sweeps in legumes in southern area:
damsel bugs 4-400; lacewing adults 0-20, larvae 0-60; lady beetle adults 0-40,
larvae 0-140. (I11. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damsel bugs and lady
beetles increasing in alfalfa tields in east central and south central areas.
Nabis sp. counts average 7 per 10 sweeps and Hippodamia spp. counts average

6 larvae and adults per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NORTH DAKOTA - Syrphid
larvae on 1 percent of barley plants. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Lady
beetles, nabids, collops and lacewings abundant in alfalfa and cotton fields.
(Durkin, July 6). ARIZONA - Lacewings 20-30 per 100 sweeps and lady beetles
50-80 per 100 sweeps in cotton at Solomon, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - High populations
Statewide. (Stoner).

A LONGHORN BEETLE (Derobrachus geminatus) - ARIZONA - Emerging in numbers in
Tucson area. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.)

- 585 -

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima v. richteri) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestations
in Lowndes, Clay, Otibbeha, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence and Lincoln Counties more
general than previously determined. GEORGIA - During June, 95.5 acres of infested
nursery land generally treated and 65 acres spot treated. ALABAMA - Six acres

of potatoes badly damaged in Escambia County. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rept.).

SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected May 14 in nursery at Orangeburg; previously infested
County. Det. M. R. Smith (Berly).

CICADAS - IDAHO - Adults abundant on desert shrubs in south central and south-
western areas. (Gittins). Adults common in Moscow area. (Manis).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

OREGON -— CATALPA SPHINX has been unusually abundant, defoliating catalpa trees at
McDermitt. (Stephen). THRIPS damaging watermelon blooms at Hermiston, July 7.
(Every). ALKALI BEE reached peak of emergence July 14-20 in Malheur County.
(Stephen). BEAN APHID building up in Willamette Valley, appears heavier than
normal, (Every). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH specimen collected in a bait pan the week
of July 1 at Portland. (Larson). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE second generation coming
in advance of 1956 in Malheur County, generally lower than last year. (Bond) .
ONION THRIPS building up in the Ontario area. (Bond). A WHEAT-STEM MAGGOT
(Meromyza sp.) has caused limited damage to spring wheat in central Oregon.
Abundance definitely greater than any time in past six years in this area.
(Every). PEA APHID remains low in the Ontario area but building up in alfalfa
near Adrian. Lygus sp. populations remain above normal in Malheur, Baker and
Umatilla Counties. Nabids,-lady beetles, and lacewings were abundant in alfalfa
fields in Umatilla and Malheur Counties. PEA LEAF WEEVIL extending range south-
ward, has built up in Marion and Yamhill Counties with control indicated in many
red clover fields. (Dickason, Newell). A LEAF MINER caused loss of new-growth
foliage on 3000 young birch trees in a Portland nursery. (Capizzi). GRASSHOPPERS
in Wallowa County, Zumwalt vicinity, 2000 acres of heavy but scattered infestations
of Camnula pellucida are present. (Busdicker). Grasshoppers heavy in the Long
Creek Area of Grant County with nemestrinids, beeflies, sarcophagids and blister
beetles plentiful. (Prescott).

LOUISIANA - General, widespread outbreak of FALL ARMYWORM. Second major brood
this year. Heavy populations in wild grasses in 10 parishes. Control warranted
in corn fields. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER abundant in seedling corn, Ouachita
Parish. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER markedly increasing in alfalfa, 400-700
per 100 sweeps in Tensas Parish. GARDEN WEBWORM rapidly building up in alfalfa
in Bossier Parish. TARNISHED PLANT BUG decreased on alfalfa in Bossier Parish,
200 per 100 sweeps. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG heavy in localized corn areas of
St. John the Baptist Parish, 1-10 per ear and stalk. BOLL WEEVIL infestations in
66 fields in 9 parishes with averages ranging from 2 to 80 percent. BOLLWORMS -
Of 14 fields in Richland Parish, less than 2 percent of terminals infested with
eggs or larvae and of 28 fields in Ouachita Parish about 1 percent. Infestations
low in Concordia, Tensas, Bossier and Evangeline Parishes. Mature COTTON LEAF-
WORM larvae taken on cotton in East Baton Rouge and Acadia Parishes. LOOPERS
very numerous on cotton one field in Acadia Parish. (Oliver).

NORTH DAKOTA - High populations of SPIDER MITES on small spruce and juniper
plantings several areas. (N. D. Ins. Rept., July 12)

OKLAHOMA — Up to 10-12 percent of squares damaged by BOLLWORMS in McCurtain
County. Eggs light, up to 5 percent of terminals infested. Thrips, aphids
and fleahoppers light in southeastern counties. Two fields in Beckham County
heavily infested with APHIDS. (Coppock, Goin, Hudson)

IDAHO - EUROPEAN EARWIG a pest around houses and yards. (Gibson, July 12). ELM
LEAF BEETLE damage to elms general in Canyon County. Severe skeletonization on
untreated trees. (Scott, Waters).

- 586 -

NEBRASKA - Average of 15-25 first to third-instar ARMYWORM larvae per foot of
row in lodged wheat, Lincoln County. (Preuss). GRASSHOPPER (crop species)
damaging corn and alfalfa in 50 counties of eastern area. Counts of 5-100 per
square yard in field margins. (Roselle).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Counties
DeKalb 7/6,9,11
Lee 7/6,9,11
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville 7/6-12
*Morrillton 7/4-10
Varner 7/3-9
GEORGIA (Counties)
Ie V/A NS
Spalding 7/5-11
ILLINOIS (County)
Champaign 7/4-10
INDIANA (Counties)
Orange 6/28-7/8
Tippecanoe 7/4-10
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge 7/4-12
Curtis 7/3-9
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 7/5-11
MISSISSIPPI
Grenada 7/5-11
Senatobia 7/6-11

Pseud.
unip.

1

16

1

State College 7/6-12 37

NEBRASKA (County)
Lincoln 6/20-26

752

NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Duplin 7/11
Johnston 7/11

SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 7/8-14
Florence 7/6-12
Oconee 7/6-12
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 7/11
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 7/1-8
Lawrence
Maury
Robertson
Cumberland
Knox
Greene
Blount
Monroe
TEXAS
Greenville 6/16-30
Waco 7/5-12
WISCONSIN
Arlington 7/5-8
LaCrosse 7/2-4
Oakfield 7/2-8
Platteville 7/3-7
KANSAS
Hays 7/3 - 8
Manhattan 7/3-12

3
10
17

* Two traps Morrillton.

Agrot.
yps.

10
18

ial
12

172
15

- 587 -

Prod.
orn.

15

Perid.
marg.

lee) wo

31

No Ww

161

22
23

Laphyg. Heliothis
frug. zea vires.
4 32
7
1
PH
23 14 20
aL 9 4 38
4
21
3
130 ty
48 15
5
2
10
4
4
16 1
36 8 58
1 26
7
16
2 9
4 7
ial
49 3
12 16
8 6
4 8
217
2
6
4

Protoparce
sexta quin.

21

at

27
20

© © 0

- 588 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1956 IN LEBANON

Reported by E. R. Millet

Cereal and Forage Insects:

A MOTH (Syringopais temperatella) caused some damage to wheat in South Lebanon in
March. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was quite numerous in alfalfa in the
Bekaa Valley during April and considerable damage occurred later during the
summer. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was noted on alfalfa in the Bekaa Valley in
April. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) again in 1956 caused much damage
to corn plots on the experiment stations at both Aabde and Tyre. Damage from the
SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) was not serious to wheat in Lebanon in 1956.

Olive Insects:

The most important insect in Lebanon is OLIVE FLY (Dacus oleae). Infestations in
the two large olive sections, at Zghorta in the north, and at Choueifat near
Beirut, were estimated to be 10 to 15 percent for the season. This is considered
low by the Lebanese. The low population was due to a complete lack of crop in
1955, which prevented a population carry-over. Only in isolated regions were
populations over 15 percent. Other insects which caused minor damage on olive
trees in spot locations were OLIVE MOTH (Prays oleellus) and A SCOLYTID
(Phloeotribus scarabaeoides) .

Apple Insects:

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was again heavy in Lebanon in 1956 in orchards
where no systematic spray programs were followed. APHIDS and the EUROPEAN RED
MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) were also abundant in locations where spraying was
neglected. An unusually heavy infestation of PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips
inconsequens) was found on apple blossoms at Laklouk at 5200 feet elevation
@uring the last of May. Approximately only about a 10 percent crop of apples
was saved in this vicinity this year because of this pest. WOOLLY APPLE APHID
(Eriosoma lanigerum) was also found in abundance in some sections, and damage
from the larva of the LEOPARD MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) was also reported by several
farmers.

Other Fruit Insects:

During the season VINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana) was observed as the most serious
pest in grapes and widespread damage was reported. The MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
(Ceratitis capitata) apparently does its greatest damage to pomegranates in
Lebanon every year, and in 1956 again reports were numerous.

Citrus Insects:

A heavy infestation of the COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) occurred in a
citrus grove in south Lebanon in May. However, the predator (Rodolia

cardinalis) appeared to have completely controlled the infestation by the end of
June. Both the CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) and the FLORIDA RED
SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) were fairly abundant again in Lebanon's citrus crop,
particularly in the northern region. The CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) was heavy in the southern part of the coastal area. A very heavy
infestation of the CITRUS BUD MITE (probably Aceria sheldoni) was found in an
orchard at Adloun in south Lebanon, and in this orchard the rust mite was also
moderate and sometimes found on the same fruit with the pud mite. The
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY, is apparently not too much feared in Lebanon because
most farmers think they harvest the citrus crops before the fly causes much damage.
Nevertheless, considerable puntured fruit and stings were noted this year in
several orchards.

- 589 -

Truck Crop Insects:

APHIDS in general were observed damaging cucumbers and other truck crops, and the
BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) again did considerable damage to bush beans in the Jib-
Jinnine village section. Heavy damage was observed on a 5 acre tract of small
ornamental nursery and olive stock, being caused by MOLE CRICKETS (Gryllotalpaypro-
bably gryllotalpa) and WHITE GRUBS (Melolontha melolontha and PolyphylIla fulld0). A
Small dark orange CHRYSOMELID, genus and species yet undetermined, was observed
doing severe damage to Persian melons at the Tyre station in south Lebanon in
July. Considerable damage was caused to the melon crop in Lebanon this year

by the BALUCHISTAN MELON FLY (Myiopardalis pardalina).

Forest Insects:

A large FLAT-HEAD BORER, identified as Capnodis miliaris, was found causing excess
damage to all poplar plantings throughout the Bekaa Valley. Effect of the

damage was particularly bad on small or new plantings. A related species, Capnodis
tenebrionis is found frequently in apple trees in Lebanon.

Tobacco Insects:

The three apparently main insects in tobacco, ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) , BLACK
CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) and WHITE GRUBS (Melolontha melolontha and/or
Polyphylla fullo) again caused considerable trouble to the tobacco crop in south-
eastern Lebanon.

Household Insects:

As usual every Summer HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was heavy around barns, dairies,
and particularly, the poorer villages and towns. The tree main species of ROACHES
(Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, and Supella supellectilium) were all
very annoying, especially to the American residents of Beirut. MOSQUITOES in
general were not too annoying in Lebanon and malaria cases are relatively low for
the area. BED BUGS (Cimex lectularis) were reported in several instances.

(Ole. SiON Td a pe ted od ote Ovilo Soa

wyWaeas |, 1 844 1.060 i095 eb aMDBY, re

a7 ott 7 wal ogee. onyal l Awe percents Rae

bun. erokryocy getyeced bovidada eroe, Laz
fatebsendo bth miegd ondiad elds
tht) watw epasl Yvaort. Sart oi

vel
—_
oi G2 Og ak OM) Ss AAO ANIRM ah tet: | hen

wire cf; oot. Tanenwdor na beats TT ekaaane bh,
“2 m OS aéehat or wapeh: wédeawhiagy

Gl tabu pt teh geo vi) Tt CNM MAD EIEN

. ¥ ‘ Dade e

P tana 2

tectiiw atboinms) #4 Daltisuebs * anou “Wai Tho
Saiol oF Thastgheady egniteeiq xaiqogq fia
A “iitnsly, ven: ve (dereono bad vive lout?seqem

nol ofp ae sleqge oly vf Yom eae bees ate

one
“5s ae

igdpge

MEY. UAT oD ” 44 ’ nt er sais nd oe 24 peng '

iapeolels omlao, AF LAN gone (od da ag AN Bho Le
oy poge7 ¢(veweltarup) bouvees eRe horeee: eee
sad

" atoeen! 2

148%GOD: A Nw (dd BSUOR, 1 onel GS We Pr

ry,

1%. ban .Aud¢gampoy effariose ‘inde cagee :
a ro ert rr FIaRAS reas oes x {fel aodeer «| a " i
ol coh pando: Alyuee ‘Ceara ceed oe or

} r exew (aanglusteolox soe) Ug oa
AMY At

> sect. one and
parted wv

a

Ved ae the moet
Gino) TAR
icy fo leone a temte

tht
b
ig? fof or, i a. pubes b> ong
ha | fad 71 “THA tie
iw) wt bet 4 tufexvtatian
HY a% SMP OeNTL A) She
¥ roe VOINPMAA YT ste “| | ahead ae
4 lage 4 a se “ Mr) As ;
oy ahem toedital Mw s ves
uy ' Sey AowPie whe pu ote jam?
(Aptis A * &
or ativk i Nil a [7n iva Lar a< on te.

‘ oa CKOTY, 2645 Che Vwt ete

uy pervent.p ol eo Mi Zeapec «

4 he @17)ee, OPObe re | Ae iF
wins tured: fyuat cad wt ewse votes

Mar)
NT,
aie

ah
:

a

Ay
ay
ij

>) 1 a * sae vl

bats some 3") 4 a
t wih ae pes, ; wi 7

‘ co a ts ; ai _ ea) Aut thus " } r i tar

hee

ee
We SRE:
CAN

NTMENT OF AGRICULTURE \

GC €.

Caer: 82 it ee. | fe
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

Sunes 5 ogg

Ses A ae

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a sefvice to American Agriculture. fy te
are compiled from information supplied by cooperati g State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural aa
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves. as :
a clearing house and does not assume tesponsibility for ac-

ew
Ws
a

curacy of the material.

wotzivid., ome 24 |

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this Paleaes Riot 3

should be mailed Pivege csc

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Ky Control Peyeieoste 1c ONT

ALIN Aas

ited State Deja merit |

Ae

— - vee 1 ~
4 ~ an ayes,
d = ait. : rt hs Sy
yf : es = togtcaneay cS
4 rae, , ae, MIA, 14 4 1 eee ah

he a +

Volume 7 July 26, 1957 Number 30

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS continue light to severe in wide areas of Kansas and still potential
problem in Illinois. (p. 593). FALL ARMYWORM remains heavy in Louisiana and
damage to corn continues in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri. Illinois, Colorado
and North Carolina also report injury to corn. (p. 594). CHINCH BUG light to
medium on late sorghum in northeastern Oklahoma and damage continues in scattered
areas of Missouri. (p. 594).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID of concern in northern Idaho and Lovelock County, Nevada.
(p. 595). JAPANESE BEETLE destructive to corn in Maryland and Delaware.
Increasing in infested area of Indiana and western North Carolina. (p. 595).
Extension of infestations in Georgia. (p. 605).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER seriously damaging alfalfa in Illinois. Injury also in south-
east Iowa and Maryland. Buildup continues in Wisconsin. (p. 596). Increasing

on potatoes in Pennsylvania and South Dakota. Very abundant in Michigan. (p. 602).
Slight increase of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Kansas and western Illinois. Build-
ing up also in areas of Utah and Louisiana. (p. 596). WEBWORMS light to severe

on alfalfa and soybeans in Oklahoma. Damaging numbers in wide areas of Kansas.
Building up in Louisiana and requiring some control in Red River Valley,

Minnesota. (p. 597).

ORCHARD MITES increasing in Delaware, Missouri, Ohio, N. Mexico and Iowa. (p. 598).

PEA APHID built up to higher than normal numbers on peas at Walla Walla, Washington.
Treatment may be necessary in some fields in Wisconsin. (p. 599). MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE in new area of Iowa. (p. 599). PICKLEWORM beginning to cause injury in
eastern Virginia. (p. 600).

Report on SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM damage in South Carolina. (p. 601). TOMATO
RUSSET MITE appearing in Maryland and New Jersey. (p. 601). POTATO PSYLLID
infestations reported from western Kansas. Populations increasing in northeastern
Colorado. (p. 602).

HORNWORM eggs increasing on tobacco in North Carolina. Some tobacco infested in
Vernon County, Wisconsin. (p. 602).

Large number of BOLL WEEVILS in many fields in North Carolina and conditions remain
favorable for buildup in Tennessee. (p. 603). BOLLWORMS increasing in Tennessee,
Arkansas, Texas and Alabama. (p. 603). SPIDER MITES building up in cotton in
North Carolina. (p. 604).

LARCH SAWFLY causing widespread defoliation in northern Wisconsin. (p. 604).
DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH very heavy in Jefferson County, Colorado. (p. 604).
Survey of forest plantation INSECTS in West Virginia. (p. 605).

SCREW-WORM unusually heavy in Union County, South Carolina; severe in Avery,
McDowell and Burke Counties, North Carolina and heavy in 7 west central Texas
counties. (p. 607).

INSECTS not known to occur in United States. (p. 611).

CORRECTION and ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 609).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 19 unless otherwise designated.

- 592 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 22

The drought situation, extending along the Atlantic coast from eastern Virginia
into the southern New England States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachu-
setts, intensified during the week as practically no rain fell on the area and
weekend temperatures reached the mid-90's to over 100°. Within this section,
crops declined, water restrictions were placed on many urban communities, forest-
fire hazard increased, and water tables in eastern and southeastern Massachusetts
were near or at record-low stages. The Carolinas received general showers dur-
ing the first-half of the week which brought them beneficial moisture and some
relief.

Dry conditions also prevailed over most of California, Nevada, eastern Oregon,
southeastern Washington, and in southern Texas. In contrast, nearly 4 inches of
rain fell at Monticello,Ind., and as much as 6 inches in some sections, causing
flooding of the Tippecanoe River; 8.7 inches falling in 4 days at Vandalia, I1l.,
brought flooding along the Kaskaskia River; and the heavy rains of the 15th and
16th resulted in minor flash floods in extreme southeastern Minnesota. A weekly
total of 9.71 inches was observed at Emory University Station in Baker County, Ga.

Areas receiving moderate to heavy weekly precipitation totals included the major
portion of the central and northern Plains States, the western Lakes region, nor-
thern Maine, and the Gulf States from extreme eastern Texas eastward through
Florida and thence northward into the Carolinas. Significant showers are falling
on the western Lakes region and northern New England at the close of the period.

Exceptionally hot weather continued to prevail over the Plains States until the
weekend. Weekly departures were +8° or more in Iowa and some maximum temperature
readings in this area included 107° at Philip Wagner, S. Dak.; 104° at Valentine,
Nebr. , Hot Springs, Ark., and in southwestern Iowa; and 103° at Tarkio, Mo. West
of the Divide average departures were generally below normal, except in coastal
sections of Washington where they were slightly above and California where they
were aS much as +5° at San Francisco, Minus departures for the week were 7° in
eastern Oregon and western Idaho. In the eastern third of the country, tempera—
tures in general averaged within 3° of seasonal values, but were as much as 5°
above in northeastern New York.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 593 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Camnula pellucida adults in Elko County. (Del Curto,

July 13). COLORADO - Range populations vary from 25-100 per square yard; heaviest
in Logan County. Estimated 15,000 acres involved. General population on range

in Phillips and Yuma Counties. Populations in margins of crops about 30 per
square yard in northeastern area. (Ext. Serv.). IDAHO - Near Kooskia, Melanoplus
mexicanus and M. bivittatus at 30 per square yard with 10 percent adult. Near
Stites field counts from 25 to.30 per square yard. West of Lucille, C. pellucida
population run up to 50-75 per square yard at higher elevations. North of
Riggins, heavy in road margins, 50-60 per square yard, and 15-30 in range areas.
(Nonini). UTAH - Three to 6 percent adult in some Juab and Millard County areas.
Outbreaks below normal. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Moderate populations of M.
femur-rubrum in Rock County; 6-7 per square yard. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS -
Light to severe in most counties of west central and southwestern areas.
Threatening to severe infestations continue in most central counties where heavy
spraying underway. In western area dominant species in crops are M. mexicanus

and M. bivittatus. Most dominant roadside species along field margins are
Aeoloplides turnbulli, Aulocara elliotti, and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum.

Counts in fields margins ranged from 8-40 per square yard in local areas. Fourteen
to 35 per square yard in some creek-bottom fields. (Matthew, Roan, Sutherland).
OKLAHOMA - Range and roadside populations light to very light in northern and
eastern areas. (Coppock). MINNESOTA - Up to 35-40 nymphs, mostly Melanoplus
femur-rubrum, per square yard in Stearns County. Some fields in Todd County with
15-30 per square yard. Some heavy infestation in margins in Mower County and in
soybeans in McLeod County. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light to threaten-
ing in some fields in northwestern area, mostly M. bivittatus and about 75 percent
adults. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Population of 35 per square yard found
in Brookings County; about 90 percent M. femur-rubrum. (Hantsbarger). ILLINOIS -
Continue a potential problem in many areas. (111. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Five to

20 per square yard in alfalfa and pastures in Story County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
DELAWARE - Melanoplus spp. causing light to moderate damage to corn in some areas.
Numerous in red clover also some locations. Dissosteira carolina defoliating

corn at Summit Bridge and soybeans at Leipsic. (Milliron, Conrad).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - First generation in field
corn at least as heavy as 1956. Large second brood expected. (Ins.-Dis. News.).
DELAWARE - Light injury to field corn. First-generation adults emerging in
southern Sussex County. Sweet corn stalks heavily infested south of Farmington.
(Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Light to moderate in early sweet corn in most
sections. Light in corn planted after May 10. Pupation over 80 percent in
Queen Annes County. Light numbers of egg masses appearing on corn in Wicomico
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Survival in field corn low with few
infested stalks having more than one borer each. (Osmun). MICHIGAN - First-
brood still noticeable in corn around Lansing. Hatch largely complete in most
places. (Hutson). ILLINOIS - Pupation 50-75 percent in southern and 10-15

in north central area. (111. Ins. Rept.). MINNESOTA - Egg-laying about over.
Hatch progressing rapidly and conditions ideal for borer survival. Some fields
in southwest area have 100 percent infestation. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). NORTH
DAKOTA - Hatch near completion in Traill, Cass and Richland Counties; 38-96
percent of stalks infested. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Fifty-eight %
infestation with average of 202 borers per 100 plants in east central region;

50 percent in second instar. Forty-three percent infestation with 194 borers

per 100 plants; 77 percent in first instar. (Hantsbarger). Twenty percent of
oats affected in one field in Sanborn County. (Maher). IOWA - Nine fields in
southeast area had 70 percent of plants infested with 164 borers per 100 plants.
Dissections in Boone County, July 19, showed 65 percent in fifth instar and 10
percent pupae. Infestation at Ankeny from 72-100 percent, depending on age of
corn, and borers per 100 plants range from 158-586, Most corn infested in
central Iowa. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - In southeast, emergence 90-95 percent.
Egg-laying light in most fields. Second generation much lower than expected.
(Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - From 0-56 percent infestation in Douglas and Jefferson
Counties with 46 percent of fields infested; however, practically no late-planted

- 594 -

corn infested. (Burkhardt). OKLAHOMA - One pupa in approximately 800 stalks near
Perkins, second account of insect in Payne County. (Arbuthnot, Gifford).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy in corn. (Durkin,
July 13). WASHINGTON - First adult of season in trap at Walla Walla, July 15.
Also one report of larvae in sweet corn. (Cook). OKLAHOMA - Whorl damage
generally light in northeastern counties. Up to 100 percent of new silks in
Wagoner County contained eggs. (Coppock). ARKANSAS - Still causing concern in
corn whorls. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Heavy widespread in whorls of young
corn in Delta County. (Hawkins). ALABAMA - Light in Lee County. (Grimes).
MARYLAND - Moth activity increasing in Wicomico County and eggs increasing on
sweet corn in Frederick County. Larval infestation in sweet corn for canning
heavier than usual in Queen Annes County with over 50 percent of ear showing
damage. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Numerous in ears of sweet corn some
areas. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Light trap catches and ovipositing
on continue extremely light. (Farrier).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - LOUISIANA - Heavy in some
young corn in Caddo Parish; 75-90 percent of stalks infested with 1-3 pupae
and last-instar larvae. (Oliver). KANSAS - About 12 percent infestation in
Stafford and Reno Counties, south central area. (Painter).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - COLORADO - Injuring barley and young alfalfa
in barley fields in Otero and Crowley Counties. Migration observed. (Ext.
Serv., Exp. Sta.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae in scattered locations but no economic
damage discovered. (Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Problem past peak in Rock County.
Appears earlier hatching heavier in Rock County area than northward. Pea-
growing areas other than Rock County continue to have infestation but these

not uniform. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - MISSOURI - Feltia subgothica and Agrotis ypsilon damage continued on
small corn over northeast quarter of State but declined to non-economic levels
in most fields by end of week. (Kyd, Thomas).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - COLORADO - Injuring corn whorls in south-
eastern area and in Adams County. (Exp. Sta.). OKLAHOMA - Damaging young corn
and sorghums; 15-85 percent whorl infestation in late-planted fields in north-
eastern area. Damage to early-planted corn and sorghums light. (Coppock).

NORTH CAROLINA - Devastating some corn fields in Harnett County, 7-8 per stalk.
(Williams, Jones). LOUISIANA - Remains heavy and threatening to forages over
State. Several young cornfields have 80-100 percent stalks infested. Rice and
sugarcane heavily infested in southern areas. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - Average of
10.5 percent of plants infested in southwestern areas. Corn 24-50 inches
extended. (111. Ins. Rept.). ARKANSAS - Still causing concern in corn whorls.
Also attacking stalks.~ Stand reduced by one-third in some fields. (Barnes

et al.). TEXAS - Four to 14 per sweep on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph). MISSOURI - Light to heavy damage to small corn continues over much of
southern third of State. Five to 80 percent of plants have 1 to 3 larvae per
plant. In a few fields 5-20 percent of stand killed. Light to moderate moth
flight continues. (Kyd, Thomas).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Again appearing in Forshea mountain
area of Piute County. (Buc

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium damage to late-
planted sorghum in northeastern counties. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Heavy
infestations continue to cause damage in scattered fields in west central and
northwest quarter of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN BEETLE (Cathartus quadricollis) - ALABAMA - High counts in
silks of field corn. (Guyton).

- 595 -

WHITE GRUBS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaging golf greens in Sisseton area, 2 per
square foot. (Hantsbarger). VIRGINIA - Phyllophaga hirticula heavy and destroying
roots on 2 acres of 15 acres of alfalfa in Floyd County. (Evans, Fenne).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - Common to abundant on spring
grains in northern counties, 8 per head on spring wheat in Moscow area with 6
percent parasitism. Predators and parasites building up in northern area.
(Gittins). NEVADA - Economic populations in Lovelock County. Controls applied.
(Gallaway, July 13).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in most
sorghum in northeastern area. (Coppock). IOWA - Building up in corn and grain
sorghum. (Iowa Ins. Inf). MAINE - Trace on oats at Presque Isle. (Shands).

UTAH - Severely attacking late barley in Cache County. Reports of damage from
other counties. (Knowlton). MISSOURI - Decreased considerably over much of State.
(Kyd, Thomas).

CORN SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugubris adults and larvae abundant in
ears of untreated sweet corn over State. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Abundant
in ears of early sweet corn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPIDER MITES - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on corn in Dona Ana County, severe damage to
lower leaves. (Durkin, July 13). DELAWARE - Tetranychus telarius severe on sweet
corn at Newark and some other locations. Tetranychus sp. heavy on soybeans some
areas. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Increasing on soybeans on Eastern Shore.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO - Appearing in red clover fields in Canyon County;
very heavy one field south of Nampa. (Waters).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Larval counts of 10 per sweep in some
alfalfa fields in Canyon County. (Waters). Scattered infestations in alfalfa
following first cutting. (Gibson). NEVADA - Damage to second-crop alfalfa more
severe than in past 5 years in Lyon County. (Lauderdale, July 13). UTAH -
Becoming scarce in most localities. (Knowlton). WEST VIRGINIA - No larvae,
adults scarce on alfalfa in Jefferson and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adult population high in many
red clover fields in Canyon County. (Waters). Average of about 1 per sweep on
alfalfa in Bonner and Kootenai Counties. (Gittins).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Adults abundant in center of
infested area; populations increasing. Many on clover blossoms and soybeans.
(Gould). DELAWARE - Destructive to field corn and feeding on soybeans in several
areas. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy in silks of corn in
Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Adult activity ceased
in eastern areas but increasing in western areas, especially southern Henderson
County. Locally severe roadside infestations and almost complete destruction of
tassels and corn silks near Horseshoe. (Kelley).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - INDIANA - Infesting soybeans in LaPorte
County. (Lehker). ILLINOIS - Average of 27 per 100 sweeps on soybeans in
southwest. (111. Ins. Rept.). 3

BLISTER BEETLES - MINNESOTA - Numerous in west in alfalfa and moving into soybeans.
(Minn. Ins. Rept.).

LEAFHOPPERS - PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing rapidly on alfalfa in south central area.
(Pepper). ALABAMA - Leafhoppers in combination with aphids damaging alfalfa in
St. Clair and Cherokee Counties. (Grimes).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Averaged 1-7 per
“sweep on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Showing
up in light numbers in alfalfa throughout State. (Coppock). LOUISIANA - Heavy in
alfalfa in Bossier and Caddo Parishes with up to 600 per 100 sweeps in older

- 596 -

alfalfa. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Light on alfalfa but extremely heavy on white clover.
(Guyton).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MISSOURI - Counts declining over much of
State. Occasionally an isolated field with very heavy population in scattered
areas of northwest. (Kyd, Thomas). IOWA - Causing yellowing in alfalfa in south-

east. Counts of 25 to over 50 per sweep. (Iowa Ins. Inf). ILLINOIS - Adults

in legumes per 100 sweeps averaged 1,025 in east and 939 in west while nymphs
averaged 3,800 in east and 675 in west. Seriously damaging many alfalfa fields
throughout State. Damage expected to continue to increase until cold weather.
(111. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Continued rapid buildup in alfalfa. Counts
averaged 8 adults per sweep in Columbia, Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties. Reports
indicate medium to high populations throughout alfalfa growing areas of State.
Increase expected. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Averaged 2-8 per sweep on
third-growth alfalfa in Queen Annes and Calvert Counties. Yellowing noticeable
in some fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - ALABAMA - Taken for first time
this year in Lee County on alfalfa. (Guyton).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - CALIFORNIA -
Light to heavy throughout Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Enlarging
area with buildups becoming noticeable in the Uintah Basin as far north as
Millard County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Light throughout most of the State
with widely scattered heavy infestations in some areas. (Durkin, July 13).
COLORADO - Five to 10 per 100 sweeps, in Prowers, Bent, Otero and Pueblo Counties.
(Colo. Ins. Rept.). TEXAS - Light, widespread on alfalfa in Delta County.
(Hawkins). Medium in a few alfalfa fields in Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Very low to non-existent in northern and eastern areas.
Heavy in few fields in southwest. (Coppock). KANSAS - Slight increase in
nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in 12 western counties. Counts of 15-650
per 25 sweeps. Definite increase in Stafford and Reno Counties where counts
ranged up to 25 per square inch. (Painter). Increased slightly in Riley
County. (Burkhardt). LOUISIANA - Markedly increased in alfalfa in Bossier
and Caddo Parishes. Counts of 50-500 per sweep. Little biological control
occurring. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Light on alfalfa in Lee County. This was the
same area where it was taken for first time in State last fall. (Guyton).
ILLINOIS - None found in east, average of 629 per 100 sweeps in west. No
commercial damage noted. Some slight buildup in several southwestern and
western counties. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). VIRGINIA - Ten per sweep in two acres
alfalfa in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - DELAWARE - Numerous on red clover at Summit
Ridge and Nassau. (Milliron, Conrad). WASHINGTON - Up to 850 per 10 heads in
red clover seed fields near Moses Lake, 1400 per 10 near Quincy. Infestation
increased 28-fold in Columbia Basin since mid-June. (Johansen). IDAHO - Very
uniformly distributed in southwest but in low numbers. (Waters).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WASHINGTON - Counts made in 8 blooming alfalfa
fields from Pomeroy to Prosser on July 17 averaged 0.4 to 2.4 per sweep.

Control applied to alfalfa seed fields in areas west of Wapato first part of
July. Two untreated alfalfa fields in the area had 54 and 71 per sweep.
(Dailey). UTAH - Damaging alfalfa in some Kanab fields. (Knowlton). COLORADO -
Average 100/100 sweeps in alfalfa in northeast and 1,000 per 100 sweeps in
southeast. (Colo. Ins. Rept.). Increasing in alfalfa in west. (Ext. Serv.,
Exp. Sta.). MINNESOTA - Counts in alfalfa fields in south central and southwest
areas showed an increase over last week. Counts of 15-106 per 10 sweeps.

(Minn. Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps, average of 670, on legumes in
east and 5,083 in west. (111. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA - Fairly common on alfalfa.
(Guyton).

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps in legumes: 100 in east
and 25 in west. (Ill. Ins. Rept.).

- 597 -

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - Adults ranging 1-4 per sweep
in most red clover seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters).

PLANT BUGS - WASHINGTON - Lygus hesperus and L. elisus adults in 11 fields of
blooming alfalfa between Clarkston and Wapato on July 16-18 averaged 2.2 to 9.6
per sweep and nymphal counts with 0.5 to 13.7 per sweep. (Dailey). MINNESOTA -
Adelphocoris spp. and L. lineolaris ranged 2-8 per 10 sweeps in south central and
southwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). IDAHO - L. elisus and L. hesperus
numerous many alfalfa seed fields in Canyon County, mostly nymphs. In many
untreated fields averaged 10-37 per sweep. (Waters). Predominantly L. hesperus
common on legume crops though northern area. Counts occasionally exceeding 4
per sweep in alfalfa fields in Kootenai and Bonner Counties. Populations

mostly adult. (Gittins). COLORADO - Lygus bugs increasing in alfalfa in west.
(Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Lygus bug nymphs and adults extremely numerous
in unsprayed seed fields in Uintah Basin. Conspicuous bud damage has occurred
where control delayed. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - A. rapidus adults and nymphs
common to numerous in alfalfa and red clover throughout State. (Milliron,
Conrad). ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps adults of Adelphocoris lineolatus in legumes
averaged 300 in east and 106 in west; A. rapidus 70 in east and 85 in west.
Plant bug nymphs per 100 sweeps in legumes averaged 700 in east and 123 in

west. (111. Ins. Rept.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Adults common in alfalfa,
generally. (Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA - Common in sweepings from clover and
alfalfa. (Guyton). ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps in legumes adults averaged 30 in
east and 196 in west. (111. Ins. Rept.).

SPITTLEBUGS - IDAHO - Adults extremely common on a great variety of crops
particularly alfalfa and potatoes throughout northern area. (Gittins).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - ILLINOIS - Adults in legumes

average 187 per 100 Sweeps in east. (TiI. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Large
populations of adults in alfalfa in Rock and Grant Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - IDAHO - Few adults of L. sticticalis in light trap
collection at Parma. (Waters). TEXAS - Medium infestations of L. similalis in
alfalfa in Rockwall County. (Hawkins) .* OKLAHOMA - Light to severe damage to
scattered alfalfa fields and soybeans throughout State. Many of soybeans in
northeast too young to show damage but situation may be serious later. Control
applied. Also on corn, sorghum and peanuts. (Coppock et al.). Heavy on
soybeans and alfalfa in Sequoyah County. (Washum). Control applied to alfalfa.
(Hatfield). KANSAS - Loxostege sp. in damaging numbers in Republic, Cloud, Reno
and Stafford Counties. In Riley County, moth counts of 12-15 per square yard.
Both garden and beet webworms throughout west central and southwest counties along
Arkansas River. Counts of 2-15 per square yard in alfalfa fields. Feeding in
corn, sorghum and soybeans readily observed in Stafford County. (Burkhardt).
MISSOURI - Scattered, light to moderate infestations in alfalfa over western
half of State. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - L. similalis building up in alfalfa
Bossier and Caddo Parishes, (Oliver). MINNESOTA - L. sticticalis general in
Red River Valley area but populations not heavy. Control applied. (Minn. Ins.
Rept.). *20-40 per sweep in alfalfa,Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - TEXAS - Averaged 1-3 per
sweep on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - COLORADO - General in Sedgwick,
Phillips and Yuma Counties. Some damage to alfalfa. Counts of 5-10 larvae
per square foot but areas are spotty. (Ext. Serv.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts of
2 larvae per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields in Washabaugh County. (Lofgren,
Hantsbarger).

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally
on alfalfa in Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

- 598 -

PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - MINNESOTA - Larvae on thistle in Wilkin County and
moving from thistle to soybeans in thistle-infested soybean fields. (Minn. Ins.
Rept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae moving from weedy field margins into soybean fields
in southeastern counties. Severe defoliation along margins in few fields.

(N. D. Ins. Rept.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MINNESOTA - Severe damage to soybean and
alfalfa fields in South central, west central and east central areas of State.
Some soybeans completely defoliated, as well as seedling alfalfa in oats near
Silver Lake, McLeod County. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

ORCHARD MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus telarius and Metatetranychus ulmi increasing
in apple orchards generally. (Kelsey). MISSOURI - T. telarius becoming more
prevalent. Weather favorable for buildup. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). ILLINOIS -
Generally under control in Carbondale area. (Chandler). OHIO - Populations

of M. ulmi inereasing most orchards; severe some. (Cutright, Rings). NEW

MEXICO - Tetranychus mcdanieli building up on apple trees in San Juan, Rio

Arriba, Sandoval, Bernalillo and Valencia County, considerable damage in Rio

Arriba County. (Durkin, July 13). IOWA - T. telarius increasing rapidly in
southeastern orchards. Populations up to 200 per leaf, averaged 75. (Iowa Ins.
Int .)is

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - ILLINOIS - Second-brood hatch past peak.
Infestations not as severe as normal years in Jackson, Union, Jefferson and Marion
Counties. (Chandler). NEW JERSEY - Second-brood moths active. (Ins.-Dis. News.).
OHIO - Moths emerging in numbers at Wooster. No second-brood entries, July 17.
(Cutright). INDIANA - Adults active in Vincennes area, control warranted.
(Hamilton). Hatch expected to decline in central area. (Marshall). DELAWARE -
First second-brood adult emerged July 14. (MacCreary). MISSOURI - Second-brood
present July 15, larvae plentiful in orchards not properly treated. (Wkly.

Rept. ©§r. Gr).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae present

many orchards. (Ins.-Dis. News.). OHIO — First second-brood larva July 12.
(Cutright). INDIANA - Some larval feeding in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

IOWA - General in southern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). PENNSYLVANIA - Second-
generation very abundant. (Pepper). MISSOURI - Injury in orchards in central

and west central areas. Larvae mostly mature. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). MICHIGAN -
Second-brood adults as far north as Benzonia. Larvae appearing in Pontiac and
Wayne. (Hutson).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - DELAWARE - Building up in
untreated orchards in Sussex County, small larvae observed. (Kelsey).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - OHIO - Infestations light. (Cutright). MICHIGAN =
Appearing in troublesome numbers in scattered orchards at Sodus, Pontiac,
Lansing, Grand Rapids, Sparta and Hart. (Hutson).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - IOWA - Common on apples in southeastern
areas. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - New peak reach from July
10 to 13 in peach orchard near Decker. Entries in fruit expected until July

26. (Hamilton). Heavy hatch expected same time as early peach harvest in
Orleans area. (Marshall). RHODE ISLAND - Damage continued heavy on peach twigs
and fruit. (Stoner, Yost). DELAWARE - Adults emerged July 18. (MacCreary).
MISSOURI - Some injury to ripe peaches in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr.
Gr.). OREGON - Three collected in bait traps in Willamette Valley within or
adjacent to known infestations. (Larson).

- 599 -

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ILLINOIS - Populations relatively
numerous; totals jarred weekly equal approximately two-thirds as many for
entire 1956 season in Carbondale area. (Chandler). OHIO - First-brood adults
emerged at Wooster July 16; larval emergence from infested fruits almost ceased.
(Rings). FLORIDA - Adults and larvae averaged 1-2 per peach on 50 inspected at
Lawtey, Bradford County. (Read, May 28).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - WASHINGTON - Moderate damage on
apricots in Wenatchee area. (Anthon).

OLIVE FRUIT FLY (Dacus oleae) - MEXICO - Trapping discontinued in Baja California
June 30 with no flies trapped over a period of approximately 9 months operation.
(PPC, Mex. Reg., June Rept.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Soil sifting under trees in
San Diego County where adults recently trapped revealed no puparia. (Cal.

Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - During first week of June, 16 traps operated in Brazoria
County and 27 in Galveston County showed no A. ludens. (PPC, So. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Inspections on 9,436 trees on

46 properties in Cameron County and 21,460 trees on 375 properties in Hidalgo
County were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg., June Rept.). MEXICO - Infested properties
in eastern area totaled 33 near Montemorelos, 30 at Linares and 22 in 5 small
villages in Municipio of Hidalgo. Inspections in Sabinas Hidalgo, Monterrey and
additional groves in Linares area were negative. In western area, 5 trees found
lightly infested in Hermosillo. (PPC, Mex. Reg., June Rept.).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Five adults, first of
season, trapped in Sonoma area. No extension of known range. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - Infesting black walnut in Whitesville-
Gumboro area. (Milliron, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - Light infestation on black
cherry and apple in Mineral and Jefferson Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

MICHIGAN - First larvae on cherry trees at Hart, July 12. (Hutson).

A BUPRESTID (Psiloptera drummondi) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging pecan trees in Dona
Ana County, clipping off terminals. (Durkin, July 13).

CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) - WISCONSIN - Hatching continues and
early-hatched larvae entering first berries. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - WISCONSIN - Lighter in cranberries
than in 1956. Second-brood larvae active. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Requiring control in few pea fields in
Cache Valley. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Populations built up to higher than
normal on peas from relatively low numbers on alfalfa. Greatest amount of
chemical control on peas in Walla Walla area since 1954. Virus incidence on
peas low, less than 1 percent. (Cook). Thirty per sweep near Albion.
Treatment continues at Pullman. (Johansen). WISCONSIN - Populations in some
late pea fields in Dane, Dodge, Fond du Lac and Rock Counties reached season's
high. Treatment may be necessary. Counts average 32 per sweep. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - IOWA - First record from Appanoose
County, recorded for years from Mississippi River Counties up to Clayton County.
(lowa Ins. Inf.). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate infestation on beans at West Kingston.
(Yost, Stoner). VIRGINIA - Infestations about as heavy on beans in Norfolk area
as for several years. Severe injury where not properly treated. Adults of
summer brood at peak with oviposition heavy. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster) .

- 600 -

ALABAMA - Heavy in Lee County. (Guyton). MISSOURI - Troublesome many home
gardens. (Kyd, Thomas).

LYGUS BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Populations twice as high as this time in 1956 on lima
beans. (Campbell, Elmore).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - IOWA - Larvae in squash vines. (Iowa
Ins. Inf.). RHODE ISLAND - Larvae, averaging 3 per plant, infesting squash at
West Kingston. First report of season. (Yost, Stoner).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - IOWA - Increasing rapidly. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
RHODE ISLAND - Infesting squash at West Kingston. (Yost, Stomer). OKLAHOMA -
Building up in Payne County. (Howell). MISSOURI - Troublesome on pumpkins in
southeastern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - IOWA - Abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). RHODE ISLAND - Damage by
Acalymma vittata particularly severe on untreated cucurbits over State, heaviest
on cucumber and cantaloup. (Yost, Stoner).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - VIRGINIA - Beginning to cause considerable
injury to cantaloups in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).
ALABAMA - Damaging cantaloups in St. Clair County. (Grimes).

CABBAGEWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Pieris rapae common in southern area cabbage fields,
control required. (Elmore, Campbell). NEW JERSEY - P. rapae larvae very numer-
ous. (Ins.-Dis. News.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations of Trichoplusia ni and

P. rapae in May caused approximately 88 to 97 percent cabbage in untreated plots
to be ineligible for U. S. Grade 1 in Charleston County. Damage about same as
May 1956. (Reid, Cuthbert, Day). UTAH - Damaging where not controlled. P.
rapae dominant species. (Knowlton). OREGON - Adults and larvae of P. rapae
scattered on broccoli, cauliflower in Washington, Marion, Multnomah and Clackamas
Counties. (Hanna, July 7).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - OREGON - Scattered but persistent infestations
in Marion, Washington and Multnomah Counties. Adults and larvae common in
broccoli fields. (Hanna).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Common and requiring control
in southern area cabbage fields. (Campbell, Elmore). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate to
very heavy on heading cabbage at West Kingston. (Yost, Stoner). UTAH - Moderately
damaging cabbage in Weber and Davis Counties. (Knowlton). OREGON - Moderate
numbers infesting broccoli and cauliflower in Washington, Marion and Multnomah
Counties. (Hanna, July 7).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - About 10 percent damage to
beets in Sedgwick, Logan and Morgan Counties. Control effective. (Ext. Serv.).
NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered larval infestations in sugar beets in eastern area,
ranging from non-economic to heavy. Infestation peak expected before July 29.
Some control warranted. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WASHINGTON - Severe curly top on early
varieties of tomatoes in Yakima and west Wapato areas; incidence 60 to 100
percent, some fields disced. Late varieties show less curly top. (Dailey).

MITES - NEVADA - Damaging onions in Lyon County. (Batchelder, July 13).

DELAWARE - Infestations moderate to heavy, Tetranychus atlanticus and T. telarius,
on lima beans some areas. Tetranychus sp. moderately abundant on sweetpotatoes
at Riverdale. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Spider mites severe on beans and
other vegetable crops. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). MISSISSIPPI - Infesting
tomato and marigold plants in Jackson and Oktibbeha Counties. (Hutchins).
OKLAHOMA - Common on garden crops in central area; appearing on tomatoes in
Pontotoc County. (Howell, Meharg). CALIFORNIA - T. telarius injurious on lima
beans in Orange County. (Campbell, Elmore). KANSAS - Spider mites heavy in

home gardens in central area. (Matthew). ‘

- 601 -

LOOPERS - INDIANA - Larval feeding on mint practically ceased, many pupae and
adults present. Losses to untreated mint about 50 percent. Destructive to
carrots in LaPorte and Steuben Counties. Species principally Rachiplusia ou.
Some migration to corn and soybean fields but feeding slight. (Gould). Fos
WISCONSIN - Observed on several crops, numerous enough on peas in Sheboygan
County to warrant control. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

A MINT APHID (Phorodon menthae) - WASHINGTON - Heavy infestation on spearmint,
moderate on peppermint in Roza area. (Menke).

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - CALIFORNIA - Light to
medium infestations on strawberries some areas in Santa Cruz County. (Cal.
Coop. Rept.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - IDAHO - Newly-hatched
larvae appearing in commercial strawberry fields in Canyon County. (Waters).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - MICHIGAN - Completed second brood at Stockbridge,
Bath and Munith. (Hutson). IDAHO - Pupation well underway, about 20 percent

in southwestern area. Area of heavy damage to onion from Boise to Payette in
Boise Valley. Damage at present about 50 percent. Damage in Weiser area
comparatively low, about 10 percent. (Scott).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - High numbers on onions in southeastern
and western areas. Ninety percent control on Western Slope. (Exp. Sta.).

A NITIDULID (Glischrochilus sp.) - INDIANA - Generally abundant. Economically
important in picked strawberries and raspberries readied for market. (Osmun) .

ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in Woodside-
Felton area. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extensive and
serious damage to potatoes in untreated plantings in Charleston area during

May and June. Populations averaged 9 larvae per square foot (6 inches ¢ ep)
during midwinter, 6 in March and April, 5 in mid-May, and 2 during harvest in

late May and early June. Very few specimens of other wireworms or other

injurious insects were found in plots. Injury to different potato fields ranged
from 9 to 92 percent and damage from 1 to 43 percent. Damage to untreated plots
was higher than any year since 1952 in area. (Reid, Cuthbert, Day).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - MARYLAND - First infestation of season
on tomatoes at Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY -
Two tomato plants infested in Bridgeton area. (Ins.-Dis. News.).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Incidence on
potatoes statewide with feeding heavy. Populations causing as much or more
damage than Colorado potato beetle. Ordinarily this species not very important.
Counts average 6 adults per sweep at Tuckertown. (Yost, Stoner).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) RHODE ISLAND - Damage more severe than usual,
attacking potato, corn and pepper several areas. (Yost, Stoner).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - WASHINGTON - Light larval damage most
fields of summer onions in Walla Walla area. Adults abundant, but damage low
due to lack of oviposition. Winter onions 30 percent culled; adults abundant
in fields and maggots damaging younger plants. (Woodworth) .

PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NEW JERSEY - Many egg punctures on pepper in
Cumberland County July II. (ins.-Dis. News).

LESSER BULB FLY (Eumerus tuberculatus) - WASHINGTON - Becoming abundant in onion
fields in Walla Walla area. Larvae primary invaders of young onions and secondary
in older plants. (Woodworth).

- 602 -

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Building up on untreated
potatoes and tomatoes in northeastern area, counts average 30 per 100 sweeps.
Some nymphs found. (Ext. Serv.). Counts on matrimonyvine in San Luis Valley
varied from 10 to 600 per 100 sweeps. Adults averaged 1-2 per 100 sweeps on
potatoes through Saguache, Rio Grande, Alamosa and Conejos Counties. Few

nymphs some fields. (Exp. Sta.). KANSAS - Infestations in garden and commercial
acreages of tomatoes in Finney, Gray, Hamilton and Scott Counties. Just
beginning in commercial fields; however, home gardens show definite "yellows".
This may be new record for State. (DePew, Matthew).

LEAFHOPPERS - COLORADO - Macrosteles fascifrons and Empoasca fabae 2 per 100
sweeps on potatoes in San Luis Valley. (Exp. Sta.). PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing
rapidly on potato in south central area. (Pepper). SOUTH DAKOTA - E. fabae
becoming abundant on potatoes in Clark County. One field averaged 15 per
sweep. (Hantsbarger). NORTH DAKOTA - Migrations to potato fields begun.

(N. D. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - E. fabae common on lima beans and potatoes some
areas. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - E. fabae heavy on beans most sections.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - E. fabae very abundant all potato-growing
areas. (Hutson). -

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy infestations of
P. quinquemaculata on tomatoes. (Durkin, July 13). MARYLAND - Light on
tomatoes on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Considerable
injury to tomatoes on Eastern Shore. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).
OKLAHOMA - Common on tomatoes in Oklahoma City area. (Rogers). MISSOURI -

Troublesome on tomatoes in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Migrants abundant in Yakima
area from early potatoes and weeds in western foothills. Heavy damage to
tomato plants fruiting heavily. (Landis).

FLEA BEETLES - PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing on potatoes in south central area.
(Pepper). RHODE ISLAND - Second-brood adults of Epitrix cucumeris greatly
increased, counts numbering hundreds per leaf locally on potato. Also
attacking tomato and eggplant heavily. (Stoner). MICHIGAN - E. cucumeris
more abundant at Bath, Lake City and Stockbridge than for several year.
(Hutson).

APHIDS ON POTATOES - COLORADO - Macrosiphum sp. and Myzus sp. 2 per 100 sweeps
on potatoes; four per 100 leaves in San Luis Valley. (Colo. Eco. Ins. Rept.).
MAINE - Populations increased sharply on untreated potatoes, averages on 3
leaves per plant tripled and percent of plants infested doubled. Overall
populations still very small. Aphis abbreviata predominates, followed by
Macrosiphum solanifolii 2nd M. solani, with trace of Myzus persicae. (Shands).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco most sections; few
eggs noted. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Marked general increase
egg-laying throughout Coastal Plains and Piedmont. Heaviest infestations
averaging near 5 eggs per plant. (Rabb, Guthrie). WISCONSIN - Present some
Vernon County tobacco fields. Some larvae two-thirds mature. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -—- MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in
Calvert and Prince Georges Counties. Some control applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Spotted heavy in 5 acre field in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).
Light in Halifax County field; under control by syrphid larvae. (Pittard).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MARYLAND - Averaged 1-3 per 25 tobacco
plants in Calvert County. Heavier than usual. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 603 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Statewide average percent
squares infested week ending July 12-treated 15.8, untreated 29.8; week ending
July 19-treated 12.0, untreated 41.5. (Farrier). Large numbers in many fields
across State, heaviest in lower southeast counties. (Cott. News Lett.).
TENNESSEE - Increasing from Shelby County along Mississippi River to Lauderdale
County. Damaging populations extend up Tennessee River from Harding to
Henderson and Decatur Counties. Average square infestation 19 percent compared
with 18 last week and 19 a year ago. Conditions remain very favorable for
weevil buildup. First-generation weevils emerging. Good control results.
(Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation in 43 fields in Darlington County was

27 percent. Infestation in untreated plots in 8 fields in Florence County

ran 60 percent compared with 40 last week. (Walker et al.). Average infestation
in 42 counties: treated fields 16 percent, untreated 49 percent. This compares
with 20 and 62 percent a year ago. First-
generation weevils appearing over State.
(Cott. Lett.). ARKANSAS - Emergence in
several fields. Infestations very light
in younger cotton. Of 3022 fields in-
spected, 67 percent found infested
compared with 59 last year and 82 a year
ago. (Barnes et al.). MISSISSIPPI -
Infestation medium to heavy in most areas
of State. (Hutchins). Infestations
remain spotty in delta counties, 30 fields
had 9.1 percent infestation. (Merkl et
al.). LOUISIANA - Examinations in 97
treated fields in Madison Parish showed
23 percent infestation. Twenty-two un--
treated had 40 percent infestation.
Overall infestation was 26 percent for
119 fields. (Smith et al.). Fifty-
three fields in Ouachita Parish had 9
percent infestation, 66 in Franklin had 16, 40 in Tensas had 15 and 16 in
Concordia had 24. (Oliver). TEXAS - Weather continues unfavorable for buildup
in McLennan and Falls Counties. Average of 9.6 percent infestation in 30 fields.
(Parencia et al.). Light in most areas. (Turney, Martin, July 12). Heavy
damage to squares and immature bolls in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

ALABAMA - Of 31 fields checked in 6 northeast counties, 29 found infested at
rate of 14 percent. (Grimes).

Square Infestations as of July 19

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - TENNESSEE - Some increase in treated cotton;
two larvae per 100terminals. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Remain low in Florence
area. (Walker et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Eggs appearing in fieldsin delta counties.
Few larvae. Moths remain low at light traps. (Merkl et al.). ARKANSAS -
Activity increased over State. Natural control effective in most untreated
fields. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Egg deposition increased sharply by July 12.
Light to medium in several areas, heavy in upper coastal section. (Turney,
Martin). Heavy infestations in Waco area in irrigated and other succulent
cotton, Square injury 5 percent in 30 fields and boll injury 4.5 percent in

7 fields. (Parencia et al.). ALABAMA - Infestation generally light in

northeast counties; however, increased infestations indicate buildup could occur.
Three percent infestation in this area. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Remain low over
State in most fields. One to 5 percent infestation in Tensas, Ouachita and
Franklin Parishes. Two fields in Concordia Parish had 33 and 20 percent infesta-
tions. Increase in moth activity in Shreveport area. (Oliver).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARKANSAS - Light infestations. (Barnes
et al.).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium on cotton in
El Centro area. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

- 604 -

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - MEXICO - Five percent infestation in
mature bolls at Rio Bravo, Tamps. At Torreon, some areas show heavy infestations,
from 5 to 15 percent. (PPC, Mex. Reg., June Rept.). TEXAS - Infestation
generally light over State. (Turney, Martin, July 12). CALIFORNIA - Over
200,000 blooms inspected in Imperial, Fresno, Kings and Tulare Counties without
finding pink bollworm. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Some cotton fields have
4 percent bloom infestation in southern Dona Ana County. (Durkin, July 13).

PLANT BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Lygus elisus and L. hesperus medium to heavy in cotton
in Hidalgo, Luna, Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. Heaviest in Hidalgo and
Dona Ana Counties where infestations 60-80 per 100 sweeps. (Durkin, July 13).
TENNESSEE - Some increase in rank cotton with light injury to small squares.
(Locke). TEXAS - Light to medium in several areas. (Turney, Martin, July 12).
Little change in infestations in Waco area. (Parencia et al.). TEXAS - Lygus
bugs causing some damage to cotton in northwest, north and south plains area.
(Turney, Martin July 12).

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Some damage in northwest, north and south plains areas.
(Turney, Martin, July 12).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Defoliating cotton in Dooly, Miller,
Early and Crisp Counties. (Jordan).

THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Reports indicate thrips predominant insect in cotton July 12.
(Flora).

WEBWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Appearing in cotton in Sequoyah County. (Washum).

SPIDER MITES -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Building up. Slight to severe damage in some
fields in 7 counties. (Cott. News Lett.). ALABAMA - Light in Madison, De Kalb,
and Cherokee Counties. (Grimes).

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Moderate populations in Tillman and Grady Counties. (Flora).
GEORGIA - Heavy infestations reported in southern area. (Jordan).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Medium widespread infestation
on evergreens in Red River and Brazos Counties. (Herschler). ALABAMA - Damaging
evergreens in Jackson County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Common on arborvitae in
Atoka, Pittsburg and Pontotoc Counties. (Maharg). MISSOURI - Damage to ever-
greens over State. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.).

DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - COLORADO - Populations
extremely heavy in Jefferson County. Some trees rapidly defoliated. (ARS,
Ext. Serv.).

PINE TIP MOTHS - ARKANSAS - Very active in Union County, some economic damage
occurring. (Barnes et al.).

JACK-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti banksianae) - WISCONSIN - Medium defoliation
on a 40-acre tract in Marathon County, but light and scattered in Marinette County.
Qs Inss Surv. July 13)).

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - WISCONSIN - Trees being stripped in many
larch stands across northern part of State. Defoliation heavy especially in
Douglas, Marinette, Florence, Oconto, Oneida and Shawano Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Surya, Julys US)ic

PINE CHAFER (Anomala oblivia) - PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliation light on new Virginia
pine needles in Bedford County. (Drooz).

- 605 -

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - WISCONSIN - Hatching in northwest
counties. Larvae in late instars in Iowa County. Red pines 4-5 feet tall
severely defoliated in Tower Hill State Park area. (Wis. Ins. Sur., July 13).

WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Pupation beginning in northwest
area. Weeviling of red pine plantations heavy in Douglas County. (Wis. Ins.
Sur., July 13).

RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - PENNSYLVANIA - Killing few
mechanically injured Virginia pines near Piketown, Dauphin County. (Drooz).

SPITTLEBUGS - WISCONSIN - Little treatment needed for Aphrophora saratogensis in
northwestern counties. A. parallela adults emerged in Washburn County. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.).

Forest Plantation Insect Survey, West Virginia, Spring 1957

From March to June, 1957, approximately 800 acres of forest plantation on 190
properties were surveyed for insect infestation. The following conditions were
found. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) was medium to heavy in 12
counties, heavier in northern panhandle. NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (R. frustrana)
was medium in 11 counties. Only a few light infestationsof R. rigidiana were
found. An ANT (Lasius umbratus) was killing red pine in Lewis County by girdling
near ground. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was light in 3 counties.
PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) was prevalent on young white pine in 7 counties.
A PINE BUD GALL MIDGE (Janetiella coloradensis) was light but general in one
Virginia pine plantation in Mineral County. Very heavy infestations of an

APHID (Cinara sp.) were observed in Monroe County. Dense general populations of
PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) were killing some Virginia pine in
Mineral County but by June 26 predators and parasites had eliminated infestation.
WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) severely damaged 3 white pine plantations.
Generally light infestations of PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) occurred
in 5 counties in June. Light infestations of PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia
pinatubana) was found in Greenbrier County, no appreciable damage. All above
infestations involved pines. PINE SPITTLEBUG was also taken on Norway spruce.
LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) caused severe damage to black locust in many
locations over the State. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Adult feeding heavy statewide
on wide host range. (Stoner). DELAWARE - Extensive foliate injury to various
trees, especially pin oak from Glasgow southward. (Milliron, Conrad). WEST
VIRGINIA - Feeding damage very heavy on Virginia creeper, persimmon, grape and
apple in Mineral, Jefferson and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

ALABAMA - Forty traps in operation in Mobile County, and visual inspections make
on 64 properties in 11 counties. GEORGIA - Large extension of infestations in
Dahlonega and infestation around Atlanta airport. Total of 726 traps set over
State, most of which concentrated around known infestations in vicinity of
Atlanta, Dahlonega and other towns in counties adjoining North and South Carolina.
(PPC, So. Reg., Jume Rept.). WISCONSIN - In southeastern area, 400 traps placed.
On July 15, an adult collected in Milwaukee County. This is same location where
trapped in 1956. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Damaging elm trees and lawns in Pontotoc County, common
on sycamore and elms throughout State. Chiefly Erythroneura spp. (Coppock,
Meharg) .

GARDEN SYMPHYLIDS - OREGON - Several spots in 20 acres of maple seedlings at
Gresham show severe injury. (Capizzi).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae infesting
elm in Bennet County. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Numerous mature
larvae defoliated some elms at Madison. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - WISCONSIN - Caused considerable
- defoliation of trees in Menominee Indian Reservation. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 606 -

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliating black walnut
in Dauphin County, July 1 De (rooz).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NORTH CAROLINA - Tree injury general
and moderate to heavy, some limbs damaged 4-5 feet from tip at Asheville,
Hendersonville and Lake Lure areas. (Kelley).

OAK LACE BUG (Corythucha arcuata) - KANSAS - Discoloring and wilting leaves of
oaks in northeastern area. (Matthew). :

ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on elms in Oklahoma
City. (Bower). aaa

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS -— Second-brood larvae
causing some damage in areas over State. (Barnes et al.). RHODE ISLAND -
Infestations appear heavier than 1956. (Mathewson). MICHIGAN - Abundant at
Battle Creek. Nearest troublesome infestation 100 miles away. (Hutson).

BIRCH SAWFLY (Arge pectoralis) - WISCONSIN - Larvae defoliating white birch in
Milwaukee County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - IDAHO - Two severe infestations
at Twin Falls. Large masses of eggs on Maple trees. Leaves turning yellow.
(Gibson). WISCONSIN - Relatively abundant in Jefferson County on elms; eggs
beginning to hatch. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Mimosa and honeylocust
leaves generally riddled in south central. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Heavy damage

to mimosa many places; honeylocusts severely injured most locations. (Milliron,
Conrad). MARYLAND - Severe on mimosa in southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APHIDS - IDAHO - Severe infestations on flowering quince and black locust trees
in Twin Falls. (Gibson).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Generally severe on black
locust. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults flying at Shrewsbury,
July 15.) \@rooz))-

OAK LEAF MINERS (Cameraria hamadryadella and C. cincinnatiella) - RHODE ISLAND -
Heavy on various oaks over ate. Pupation Starting. (Yost, Stoner).

A HACKBERRY PSYLLID (Pachypsylla sp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Galls abundant on hackberry
over State. (Drooz).

SPIDER MITES - MINNESOTA = Tetranychus telarius and Metatetranychus ulmi building
up rapidly on evergreens, raspberry, phlox and ornamental shrubs. (Minn. Ins.
Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - T. telarius generally increasing on garden flowers.
(Udine). DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor severe on oaks throughout State.
(Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - T. telarius damaging boxwoods in Caroline County.
(Rowell, Eager). WISCONSIN - Very heavy some ornamental evergreens; control
advisable. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). .

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy scattered infestations
on spiraea in Stillwater area. Considerable number of young present. (Bieberdorf).

LILAC BORER (Podosesia syringae syringae) - WISCONSIN - Infestations in Milwaukee
County ; apparently populations building up. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

~ 607 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations earlier and

heavier than previous years in Union County. (Cochran, July 10). NORTH CAROLINA
Severe in navels of new born calves, sheep and injured dogs in known infested
areas of Avery, McDowell and Burke Counties. First cases June 17. (Lind,

Donahue, Dogger). Activity increased in Catawba County. (Giles). TEXAS -
Heavy infestations on cattle, goats and sheep in Mason, Hamilton and Mills
Counties (Morgan) and goats, sheep, cattle and horses in Kimble, Sutton, Edward,
Schleicher and Menard Counties (Turney).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1.1 per animal on 2
Montgomery County herds. Heaviest on animals near feed lot and barns. (Hargett).
KANSAS - Populations increasing, particularly heavy infestations in central and
south central areas. (Matthew). MICHIGAN - Populations greater than usual
because of excessive rains. (Hutson).

TABANIDS - RHODE ISLAND - Chrysops sp. annoying in Kingston and West Kingston
areas. (Stoner). NORTH CAROLINA - Chrysops spp. abundant in Cedar Island area,
Carteret County. (Cromroy). OKLAHOMA - Counts in northeastern and north central
areas: up to 50 Tabanus mularis per animal, up to 10 T. sulcifrons per animal,
up to 3-4 T. abactor per animal in favorable areas; T. venustus in small numbers;
Chrysops spp. in localized areas. (Howell). UTAH - Annoying Tivestock in Rich
County. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Heavy some counties, moderate several others.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

A CALLIPHORID - VIRGINIA - Larvae found in ear of man at Ladford. He had slept
out-of-doors with a cut on ear. Tentatively identified as Phaenicia sericata by E.
C. Turner. (Morris).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - MICHIGAN - Building up rapidly. (Hutson).
WISCONSIN - Populations increasing. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 72.5 per head on untreated
animals in 2 herds on July 9 and 154.1 per head on July 16 in Montgomery County.
(Hargett). KANSAS - Populations increasing, particularly heavy infestations in
central and southern areas. (Matthew). WISCONSIN - Populations building up.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

FLEECEWORMS - TEXAS - Heavy on cattle, sheep and goats in Mills, Mason and
Hamilton Counties. (Morgan).

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Aedes nigromaculis general throughout San Joaquin and
Sacramento Valleys. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). IOWA - Being controlled many localities.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). NORTH DAKOTA - Moderately severe on cattle. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).
NORTH CAROLINA —- Populations of Aedes sollicitans very low in coastal areas.
(Cromroy). ALABAMA - Aedes vexans prevalent and biting after dusk in Lee County.
(Bargren). UTAH - Annoying livestock in Rich County. Serious many areas in
Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Troublesome in widespread
areas, apparently will continue to be. Cattle avoiding some pasture areas where
populations high. Species principally A. vexans. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

SAND FLIES - ALABAMA - Annoying on Gulf Coast in Baldwin County. (Arant).
WISCONSIN - Troublesome in Vernon County June 19. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SIMULIDS - UTAH - Annoying cattle, horses and sheep in Clarkston. (Knowlton).

GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - ALABAMA - Infestations hard to control
with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. (Arant) .

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - WISCONSIN - Populations apparently built
up. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

- 608 -

FLEAS - IOWA - Bothersome. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OKLAHOMA - Troublesome in homes
with pets. (Bower). CALIFORNIA - Ctenocephalides felis causing more complaints
from householders in San Francisco Bay area than in previous years. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.).

BROWN DOG TICK (Ambylomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae active many areas in
eastern one-third of State. Howe :

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A BIG-EYED BUG (Orius tristicolor) - IDAHO - Average 10 per sweeps in red clover
seed field south of Nampa with high population of two-spotted spider mite.
(Waters).

AN ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - Establishing nest sites near
Quincy and Moses Lake in Columbia Basin. Adults emerging first week of July.
(Johansen) .

SYRPHIDS - WASHINGTON - Abundant in red clover fields near Moses Lake. (Johansen).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED-CORN PESTS - LOUISIANA - Of 32 cribs examined over State, tremendous

populations of Sitophilus oryza, Sitotroga cerealella and several species of
beetles present in all cribs, those in southern are more severely infested.

(Oliver).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EARWIGS - UTAH - Troublesome in Salt Lake, Cache, Weber and other counties.
(Knowlton).

MILLIPEDES - PENNSYLVANIA - Large numbers in homes in south central and south-
western areas. (Udine).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanae) - RHODE ISLAND - Emergence continues
heavy. Attracted to lights at Kingston. (Hyland). PENNSYLVANIA - Many at
lights in Chester County. (Thomas).

CORRECTION

CEIR 7(29) :575 under Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook, Lake Alfred, Florida,
should read "citrus red mite —- - — — will be about average this fall. Citrus
rust mite - - -.- level for rest of the year will be above average."

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - Second-brood RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER larvae active generally. SPIDER
MITES are becoming more prevalent in orchards. Second-brood ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
adults heavy in bait traps in Rockland County. Peak emergence of APPLE MAGGOT
apparently reached July 17 in emergence cages in Wayne County. MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE heavily infesting many fields though spotty throughout State. EUROPEAN
CORN BORER and CORN EARWORM are infesting ears of sweet and field corn. May be a
big year for both species on Long Island, and serious injury could develop in
western area, European corn borer chief pest of corn ears in Hudson Valley with
corn earworms of various instars in about 1-4 percent of harvested ears. Corn
earworm situation resembles that in 1955, a bad year. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

- 609 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.

ALABAMA (Counties)

De Kalb 7/13,16,18 10 46 22

Lee 7/13,16,18 15 3 5 1
ARKANSAS

Clarksville 6/29-7/11 16 18 8

Fayetteville 7/13-19 7 88

Hope 7/4-17 2 9 al /

*Morrillton 7/11-17 6 3 2

Osceola 7/3-17 12)

Stuttgart 7/5-17 9

Varner 7/10-16 21 43 44
ILLINOIS

Urbana 7/11-17 4 14 3 16 3
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 7/9-16 ; 5 5 16 6

Tippecanoe 7/11-17 57 26 13 7 5
KANSAS

Garden City 7/10-16 16 40 6

Hays 7/9-12 20 56 1

Manhattan 7/14-19 5 15 84 AL 2

Wathena 7/10-16 10 26 24 iol
LOUISIANA j

Baton Rouge 7/11-16 12 66 134 68 8 20

Curtis 7/13-19 5 4 290 156 24 104
MARYLAND (Counties)

Montgomery 7/12-18 4 ie, 3 il 3

Wicomico 7/10-15 26 i 8 2 19 9 1
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 7/12-18 20 3 3

Senatobia 7/185 | 3 5

State College 7/13-19 25 2 95 2 1 al 1

*Stoneville 7/12-18 6 6 39 4 2
MISSOURI

Columbia 7/15-19 11 16 4 4

Sikeston 7/16-18 34 4 37 21 14

NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 7/18
Johnston 7/18

SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 7/19

TEXAS

iL 37 10
2
3
Brownsville 6/30-7/13 2 144 304 2300 433 48
}

16 7

Greenville 7/1-15

Waco 7/13-19 1
WISCONSIN

Arlington 7/9-15

De Forest 7/9-15

Janesville 7/6,9,10,12 64 al

Platteville 7/8-14 19 2
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Florence 7/13-19 24 9 260 24 18 400 65 66 1

Oconee 7/13-19 12 4 13 8 5 39 8

225 27 1620 2

rou

Additional Collections
TEXAS — (Alabama argillacea) ; Brownsville 6/30-7/13 -- 5352; Waco 7/13-19 -- 38.

*Two traps Morrillton; 4 traps Stoneville.

4
vila
a
yr ‘
*hy ty
i : . es Tat fo
m whb te
(ved Voie a
a: “7% t
Ys ht ¥ ag
= Al S46) i
ot) a
‘ { Ci'T weal
: 106457 _
4 ~ piesa
i Py & Aid dead.
era) “ie
A 4 / i «
( i] ; g Ore
a es oe
| # : eI hy ;
, ) 4 witb = Tz * “wh
a
i
om 22, 08,8
, CRS. os ‘
vel E ae 4-1 1? ag
i nh ul’,s & ‘. Ye a ¢ or Bes gmt ou
_ 0 so ham ® ma Va nd Souter,
ner Whe tsuue® 2portp vereuphaas) BieF
‘s »* : ecu . Low stn Gf Gamat. en? the ;

4,

asa aarioune iuyus CULGe A:

n ~

a6 ra pel x — wean. went LOutt oii

(ey * oJ a abipew iv «
ns Ps aes a M.

- 611 -
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
VINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana (Schiff.))*

Economic Importance: This olethreutid is a serious pest of grapes in many parts
of Europe and Asia. The larvae feed on flower buds, developing berries and,
finally and most destructively, on the ripening fruit. Loss of as much as one-
third of the vintage has often occurred in areas of Syria, Israel, U.S.S.R. and
Yugoslavia. Infestations up to 75 percent have been observed in the Astrakhan
region of U.S.S.R. and an outbreak in the Touraine section of France in 1913
was so severe that only a few growers were able to save their crops. In France
the moth was only of local importance around 1890 but by 1920 it was a serious
menace to practically all vineyards in the country. Outbreaks were unusually
severe in many districts of central Europe in 1925 and in Germany in 1927. In
addition to primary damage to the grapes, the wounds made by L. botrana attract
other insects and predispose the fruit to pathogenic fungi. ~

Vine Moth Damage to Grapes

Distribution: Southern and middle Europe, northern Africa, Near East and
Japan.

General Distribution of Lobesia botrana

* Formerly Polychrosis botrana.

- 612 -

Hosts: Although L. botrana is primarily a pest of grape, it has been recorded
from many other hosts. Among these are currant, blackberry, plum, gooseberry,
jujube, dogwood, privet, sumac, viburnum, Virginia creeper, strawberry madrone
and spurgeflax daphne. The last two plants seem to be preferred hosts in some
areas.

Life History and Habits: Under conditions in Georgia, U.S.S.R., adults from
overwintering pupae emerge by end of April. The eggs are deposited on flower
buds of grape and generally hatch in 5 to 6 days. Before feeding on a cluster
of buds the young larva spins a web around it. The larva feeds on the buds for
about three weeks, then pupates in the bud clusters or under rolled edges of
leaves. The pupal stage lasts 12-15 days. Adults from this brood oviposit on
fruit in the second half of July, the eggs being laid singly. Larvae hatch in
4-5 days and penetrate the grapes, one to each fruit, preferably on the shady
side of the bunch. The infested berries shrivel or become rotten. These larvae
pupate generally inside the dried berries. Larvae of the third generation, the
most damaging, feed on the ripening grapes, migrating from one to another and
spinning webs. Few of these larvae pupate before harvest and many are gathered
with the grapes. Pupation and hibernation occur in cocoons among fallen leaves,
in berries or cracks of the soil or under vine bark. Observations show that the
insect can resist intense cold but warm, wet winters are detrimental.

Description: On hatching the larva is about 1 mm. long and greenish in color.
The full-grown larva is 9 to 11 mm. long by about 2 mm. wide. Color is very
variable, being shades of green, rose, red or brownish-red. Head capsule is
honey-yellow colored with black eye spots. The larva is noted for its agile

and lively behavior. Adult has wing expanse of 11.5 mm. to 13 mm. The general
coloring is reddish-gray. When the moth is at rest the wings are folded. There
are three transverse bands on the forewing. Toward the extremity of each wing
is a black triangular spot. The hindwing is grayish-brown. The larvae and pupae
of this species resembles those of the native Paralobesia viteana very closely.
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with Other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7(30) 7-26-57.

Lobesia botrana Larvae, Adult and Pupa
(Enlarged)

Figure of adult from Florence(Italy) Stazione d'Entomologia Agraria, page 326,
1915.

Other figures, except map, from Ruiz Castro, A. 1943. Fauna entomologica de la
vid en Espana. Estudio sistematico-biologico de las especies de mayor importancia
economica. Part I., 150 pp.

Bh oS 3

ry
rons

eur saand
Deer Wit)

A

“ ee ha

=o Vs
PAS
cA

STATES. DE

pi Pome a 2

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture

Washington 25, D. C.

a, 9 SS
ad ae aks Se Cees
Pe ee eS eee FP eee

nts «

Volume 7 August 2, 1957 Number 31

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPER outbreak in Nebraska most severe since the 1930's. Crop damage
increasing in north central Kansas. Several other States report infestations of
concern. (p. 615). Second-brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths active over wide

areas. (p. 616). FALL ARMYWORM damage to corn and sorghum continues. Populations
higher than last year in Kansas and may be serious later in Illinois. (p. 616).

CORN LEAF APHID damaging sorghum in South Dakota, Kansas and Missouri and barley
in Utah. Rapid buildup in Iowa. (p. 617). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in
south central Kansas, southern Oklahoma and southern Nevada. Moderate to heavy
in small areas of Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Utah, Arizona and
California. (p. 618).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR numerous in southern Louisiana. (p. 619). About 50
percent WHEAT STEM SAWFLY infestations in areas of North Dakota. (p. 619).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER more abundant in alfalfa than for several years in Wisconsin.
(p. 619). Damage in central Ohio. (p. 632). WEBWORM damage to alfalfa continues
in Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. (p. 620).

CODLING MOTH causing more trouble than usual in some northern Virginia orchards,
moderate to serious in several Wisconsin counties. (p. 621). ORCHARD MITES
threatening in Massachusetts, increases reported in other areas. (p. 621).

POTATO PSYLLID continues most critical pest of potatoes and tomatoes in areas
of Colorado. (p. 623). SQUASH BUGS increasing in Rhode Island, abundant in

Iowa and southern Utah. (p.623). ONION MAGGOT damage serious some areas of

Wisconsin. (p. 623). PEA APHID heaviest in Palouse area of Washington since
1954. Increased in late peas in Wisconsin. (p. 624).

BOLL WEEVIL situation continues serious in the Carolinas and Tennessee. High
Square infestations in these States and in Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana.

(p. 625). BOLLWORMS increasing in areas of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Arizona
and California. (p. 625). LYGUS BUGS building up in cotton areas of Arizona

and California. (p. 627).

HORNWORM moths increasing in tobacco areas of Maryland and Virginia. (p. 627).
Heavy populations of WHITE-PINE WEEVIL in northern Wisconsin. (p. 627).

SCREW-WORM activity increased in several Alabama counties. Infestations in
Spalding County, Georgia and Custer County, Oklahoma. (p. 629).

CORRECTIONS. (p. 630). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 632).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 26 unless otherwise designated.

- 614 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 29

A cold front, in advance of a Polar air mass moving in over the eastern third of
the country early in the period, brought some moisture to the Atlantic coastal
drought area. Although heavy showers were reported locally, relief was mainly
temporary and the situation remains critical in many sections. For the 16-week
period ending July 28, precipitation was less than 50 percent of normal along the
coast from just north of Richmond, Va., to south of Boston, Mass., and less than
75 percent of normal throughout most of Virginia, and east of a line extending
from south-central West Virginia to south-central Maine. Weekend showers brought
additionalrain to the New England area, but again beneficial amounts were local.
For example, South Bridgeport, Mass., received over 3 inches while nearby New
Bedford, which has had less than 16 percent of normal since April 10, received
none.

As dry weather continued in the Far West, forest fire danger was reported excep-
tionally high in northern California, Idaho, and Montana. Precipitation amounts
were light or none, except for local heavy showers, west of the Divide, and also
in the northern Plains and western Lakes region, and over most of western Texas.
Heavy to moderate totals were observed in New Mexico, the central Plains States,
and most of the country east of the Mississippi, excluding mainly the southern
Appalachian region and the northeastern coastal areas. Totals for the week were
in excess of 6 inches in local areas of west-central Florida, southeastern
Louisiana, and in the vicinity of Dodge City, Kans. Savannah, Ga., reported
8.47 inches for the week and 5.38 inches for the 24 hours ending Sunday morning.
On the afternoon of the 26th, 5.50 inches fell at Akron, Colo., in 3 hours,
while in southwestern portions of the State on the same day heavy showers caused
local flooding along streams in the San Juan Basin. Flooding also occurred

in Indiana as a result of 4 to 5 inch rains which fell at Lafayette and Fowler,
in El Paso, Tex., where over 2 inches fell during the week, and at Fowler, Kans.

Maximum temperatures in the eastern third of the Nation were generally less than
90° from Wednesday through Sunday, and minima dropped into the 40's on the 23rd
and 24th in Wisconsin with Cranmoor in the cranberry bogs observing a low of 33°
on the latter date. In contrast, temperatures reached the upper 90's and lower
100's on Thursday through Saturday in the extreme north just west of the Divide.
At the same time southern Arizona and New Mexico were experiencing somewhat
cooler than normal weather with maximum readings in the mid 80's and upper 70's.

Weekly temperatures averaged below normal over most of the Nation, but were above
normal along the California coast, in Southern portions of the Gulf States, and in
the northern Plains. However, they were mainly within a few degrees of seasonal
averages except in eastern Montana and western North Dakota where departures
averaged 6 to 8° above, and in Southern Nevada and along the Utah-Colorado border
where they were 6 to 7° below normal.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 615 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Damage to grain and other crops in 25 counties during
June. Melanoplus devastator, M. differentialis, and Oedaleonotus enigma principal
species involved. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). WYOMING - Infestations developed about

as expected. Control started June 24 in Converse County. MONTANA - Control
applied on over 500,000 acres in 5 counties. (PPC, Western Region, June Rept.).
UTAH - In Box Elder County 7,618 acres sprayed. Counts of 100 to 200 per square
yard in parts of Sanpete, Sevier and Wayne Counties. Range outbreak over about
27,000 acres. (Thornley, Knowlton). ARIZONA - Serious infestation of mainly
Camnula pellucida in Alpine area, Apache County. Oviposition starting. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - Control initiated on 19,522 acres in Lemhi County and
4,960 in Custer County. A small, intense infestation, 1,000 acres with 15-150
per square yard, moving into crop areas from desert range west of Artesian in
Twin Falls County. Severe damage on potato and wheat field margins. Dominant
species Oedaleonotus enigma, M. packardii and M. bivittatus. (Evans).

OKLAHOMA - Very light throughout State; 0-2 per square yard on range in southern
and southwestern areas. (Coppock, Stiles). NEBRASKA - Infestation of Melanoplus
spp. most extensive and severe since the "30's". M. bivittatus and M. different—
ialis about 30 to 40 percent adults. Moving into center of corn fields. Some
corn and alfalfa fields already ruined. Counts of 80-90 per square yard in
margins and 10-15 in fields of corn. Populations in alfalfa ranging 15-90 in
margins and 15-25 per square yard in the fields. Controls underway. In Keith
and Garden Counties 99,940 acres of rangeland sprayed and over 20,000 acres of
cropland sprayed in Fillmore County. (Bell, Andersen). KANSAS - Activity and
crop damage increasing in most areas of north central and central counties.
Rather widespread and severe stripping of alfalfa and corn where control not
applied in these counties. In some alfalfa and corn fields counts of 18 to 27
per square yard. M. differentialis, M. bivittatus and M. mexicanus dominant crop
species. (Matthew, Somsen). Damage continues in localized areas of west central
counties where control not applied. Destructive to some truck garden crops in
irrigated areas. Margin and roadside counts of 6-25 per square yard and
grasshoppers moving out into cropland. Dominant species M. mexicanus and
Aeoloplides turnbulli (Gates). SOUTH DAKOTA - Fifteen per square yard in
most alfalfa fields of southeast and east central regions; M. femur-rubrum and

M. mexicanus dominant species. Considerable damage in margins of corn in one
Tocality of Clay County. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - Of 11 counties checked,
counts per square yard ranged from 4-5 to 90-100. In general M. femur-rubrum
mostly in first to third instars. Heavy hatch may occur in alfalfa fields.
(Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Main hatch of M. femur-rubrum appears uniform

in south, west and central areas. In alfalfa-red clover fields in 4 counties
nymphs average 4-27 per square yard. Moderate to heavy grasshopper populations
in 9 counties. (Wis. Ins. -Surv.). ILLINOIS - Still abundant in some hay crop
fields and along fencerows, roadsides and ditch banks. (111. Ins. Surv.).
VIRGINIA - Stripped leaves on 13 acres of red clover in Hanover County. (Sanders,
Willey). DELAWARE - Melanoplus spp. nymphs numerous in alfalfa at some places,
New Castle County. Injuring corn Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - COLORADO - Damage in small grains in Otero and
Crowley Counties. In a few cases numbers were very high, with evidence of
Migration. (Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Ranging from 46 to 58 per. square foot

(July 20) under shocks of barley and oats in Garden County. Out in the open, —
counts ranged from 6 to 12 per square foot. (Andersen).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Light infestations
in corn in south central counties where infestations ranged less than 8 percent.
(Matthew, Somsen).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS (Prodenia sp.) - UTAH - Difficult to control over
several hundred acres of alfalfa intended for seed in eastern Millard County.
(Rickenbach, Knowlton).

- 616 -

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Second-brood moths, Trenton
July 10. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MARYLAND - Damage to early sweet corn heavy in
Carroll County. Second-generation oviposition increasing in Frederick County with
counts of 16 egg masses per 100 plants in one field. Egg deposition on Eastern
Shore light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Damage to corn increasing.
Stalk and cob boring in addition to tassel damage. In some cases sweet corn
abandoned with no control applied. (Stoner). PENNSYLVANIA - Generally heavier
on corn than last year in Erie, Butler and Beaver Counties. (Adams). ILLINOIS -
Pupation of first generation expected to be complete in early August from East
St. Louis northward to about Jacksonville. About 50 percent of moths emerged in
this vicinity. Moths emerging in eastern, central and western areas. Pupation
well started in northern area. (111. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - First brood
larvae numerous enough in few advanced corn fields to warrant control. Larvae
nearly mature and pupation expected around first of August. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
ALABAMA - Second generation infesting grain sorghum on Sand Mountain. (Eden).
MISSOURI - Emergence complete in southeast. Egg mass counts of 0-40 per 100
plants. Pupation complete and moth emergence 90 to 95 percent complete in
central area. Counts of 0-12 egg masses per 100 plants. Some hatching underway.
(Kyd, Thomas). MINNESOTA - Percent of plants infested and larvae per 100 plants:
south central 47, 140;southwest 64, 227; central 40, 160; and west central 68,
371. Larval to pupal stages found. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Second-brood
moths flying and new eggs found July 20 at Ankeny. Counts of 56.8 larvae per

100 plants in Boone County and 288 in northwest area. At Ankeny 45 percent
pupation has occurred. In Boone County 65 percent larvae in fifth instar. Peak
of second-brood moth emergence expected August 4-11. Severe on sweet corn.

(Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEBRASKA - In Hall and Cuming Counties average percent
infestation was 13.75 and 17.25. (Hill).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in San Bernardino County,
light in Yolo County, medium in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., June). UTAH -
Moderately severe on sweet corn, Washington County. Infestation in Cache County
averaged 33 percent. (Dorst, Knowlton). In Utah and Salt Lake Counties 50
percent of corn silks containing 1 or 2 eggs each. Control underway at Spanish
Fork. (Dorst). OKLAHOMA - Scattered populations in corn, sorghums, alfalfa

and peanuts throughout State. (Coppock). KANSAS - Approaching seasonal

highs. Some fields in central and south central counties have 40 to 96 percent

of ears infested. Associated with fall armyworm in central and south central
counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Light widespread populations on grain sorghum in
Kaufman County. (Hawkins). IOWA - Abundant in early sweet corn. (Iowa Ins.
Inf.). NORTH CAROLINA - Average of 6.2 eggs per silk on sweet corn in Duplin
County. (Farrier). PENNSYLVANIA - Counts of 1-3 per 100 ears in sweet corn, Erie
Co. (Adams). ALABAMA - Damaging heads of grain sorghum in Houston County,

3 to 8 per head. (Grimes). Infesting peanuts in Henry County. (Eden).

MARYLAND - In Queen Annes County damage to sweet corn ears coming into canneries
ranges 7-12 percent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Damage to silks and ear
tips of corn throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Damage to young corn and sorghums.
Up to 8 per whorl in corn in Garvin County. (Coppock, Stiles). KANSAS -
Infestations in whorl of corn and sorghums more abundant than last year and
individual fields have higher populations. Light to heavy localized infestations
in counties throughout eastern two-thirds of State; 16-75 percent of plants
infested in many fields. Larvae beginning to feed in shanks and stalks.
(Matthew). ARKANSAS - Damage to whorls heavy in some fields. (Barnes et al.).
LOUISIANA - Heavy and damaging over most of State. Young corn in 5 counties

in northern area with 90-100 percent of stalks infested. Alfalfa heavily infes-
ted in Bossier and Caddo Parishes. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Completely destroyed a
15-acre field of young corn. Two to 6 larvae per plant. (Grimes). Infesting
peanuts in Henry County and grain sorghum on Sand Mountain. (Eden). ILLINOIS -
Egg masses collected as far north as Carlinville. There may be serious trouble
with this pest. (111. Ins. Rept.). TENNESSEE - Of the budworms serious in late
corn and widespread across the State, L. frugiperda predominated. (Mullett).
NORTH CAROLINA -Larvae damaging milo in Iredell County. (Franklin, Farrier).

- 617 -

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Moderate to severe
damage to young plantings of Soybeans throughout Mobile County. (Shotts et al.).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - WYOMING - Total of 31,375 acres baited with
excellent results in Natrona, Crook and Converse Counties. One small band of
crickets moved into Natrona, Pine Ridge area after baiting. (PPC, Western Region,
June Rept.). UTAH - Appeared in small numbers in Juab County. (Knowlton).

CORN SAP BEETLES - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant in ears and in corn borer tunnels,
Blair County. (Udine). MARYLAND - Adults and larvae abundant in ears of sweet
corn in Queen Annes and Frederick Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Carpophilus lugubris adults common in silks of corn generally. Larvae common in
advanced ears of sweet corn, statewide. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - On corn
in Loudoun County. (Morris, Brown). NORTH CAROLINA - C. antiquus on milo in
Iredell County. (Franklin, Weisman). UTAH - Abundant in sweet corn at Toquerville.
(Hughes, Knowlton).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - UTAH - Population very high in Washington and
St. George grain stubble fields and some alfalfa fields. (Hughes).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Statewide depredations by
adults on a wide range of hosts, particularly on corn silks. Populations seem
higher than usual. (Mathewson, Stoner).

SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - NEVADA - Increasing on wheat in Orovada area.
(Bechtel, Gallaway, July 20).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Generally present on corn
in west-southwest. From 0-100 percent of plants infested with up to 6 per plant.
(111. Ins. Rept.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy damage in
scattered fields of corn and grain sorghums in west central and northwest
quarter of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - This species in combination with
Macrosiphum granarium and R. fitchii increased on untreated oats locally at
Presque Isle. Overall numbers smalI to moderate. (Shands). DELAWARE - Common
in tassels and whorls some areas Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Light on field corn in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
INDIANA - Infesting tassel¢ in north central area. (Wilson). WISCONSIN - Large
colonies in some corn fields and now commonly found in tassels in many areas.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). KANSAS - Light to heavy in Clark County north to Jewell
County and throughout remainder of eastern Kansas. Populations up to several
thousand per milo plant. In some fields 25-60 percent of plants with dis-
coloration. (Matthew). IOWA - Building up rapidly in grain sorghum. (Iowa
Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - Light to heavy in whorls of grain sorghums over most

of State. Some leaf discoloration in widely scattered fields in west central
and northwest areas. In central area 10-76 percent of plants infested with few
to several hundred aphids per plant. (Kyd, Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging
infestations in several sorghum fields in southeast. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA: -
Heavy in scattered fields of young broomcorn in Pauls Valley area (thousands per
plant). (Coppock, Stiles). UTAH - Many fields of spring barley severely infested
in northern area where spreading is occurring and control underway. (Knowlton).
NEVADA - Light, spotted infestations on barley, Washoe County. (Bechtel,
Gallaway, July 20).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - Infestation in northern
Idaho on spring grains now in rapid decline. (Gittins). Moderate on spring-
seeded cereal crops in several areas of Nez Perce County. (Kambitsch).

- 618 -

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Situation as Reported July 26

ME Moderate to heavy
Ul, Yncreasing

Present to light

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - VIRGINIA - Eight
per sweep in a Floyd County alfalfa field and 300 plus per sweep in 2 Botetourt
County fields. (Evans, Morris). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations in Madison County.
(Ruffin, July 20). GEORGIA - Total 2500 per 100 sweeps in Hancock County alfalfa
fields. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Low numbers across State. Apparently

beginning to build up for fall as last year. (Mullett). UTAH - Now present in
Sanpete County. Control necessary in some fields in Millard County. (Knowlton).
LOUISIANA - Populations remain moderate to heavy in alfalfa in Bossier and Caddo
Parishes. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - No infestations warranting treatment, but aphid
has been collected in counties bordering the Mississippi River as far north as
Quincy. (111. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Single specimens found in Polk and Marion
Counties, bringing to 9 number of counties infested this year. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Found for first time this year in McCook County, making 15 known
infested counties. No evidence of major buildup. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA -
Remains low; 3 per 100 sweeps in southeast area with scattered areas up to 25 aphids
per 100 sweeps. (Andersen, Weekman). KANSAS - Beginning to buildup in alfalfa

in south central area, heaviest infestations in Harvey, Reno and Sedgwick Counties
with 600-1500 per net sweep in a few fields. Elsewhere counts generally ranged
from 1 to 30 aphids per sweep. Predator populations varied as greatly as aphid
populations. (Matthew, Somsen). OKLAHOMA - Populations building up in scattered
fields in southern half but remain light. (Coppock, Stiles). COLORADO - Only
traces in western Prowers, eastern Otero, Bent and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.).
NEVADA - Winged adult collected near Dayton, Lyon County. (Gallaway). Populations
increasing in southern area. (Lauderdale, July 20). ARIZONA - High populations in
Salt River Valley where not treated. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CAL. - Medium to heavy
locally in Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus atlanticus, T. telarius, and Tetranychus sp.
occurring in destructive numbers on soybeans in Kent and Sussex Counties.
(Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy on soybeans in sections of Wicomico and
Caroline Counties.

- 619 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Building up in Republican Valley,

averaging 860 per 100 sweeps. Population very low in eastern counties.
(Andersen, Weekman). UTAH - Population increased in many succulent fields in

Millard, Uintah, and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Light on alfalfa
seed fields in Orovada area. (Bechtel, Gallaway, July 20). WASHINGTON - Four
fields between Pullman and Palouse averaged 48.0 to 390 per sweep. (Dailey).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - LOUISIANA - Very numerous on weeds,
soybeans, and grasses over southern area. (Oliver).

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in northwestern
counties completed. Most severe infestations in northern McLean, southwestern
Ward, and southern Mountrail Counties where about 50 percent of the stems infested.
Some fields in Williams, Divide, Burke, Renville, and Bottineau Counties also

have heavy infestations. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Moving into heading rice fields in
4 central parishes with 20-50 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).
TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on rice in Fort Bend County. (Bowling).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy flights
of adults in alfalfa fields throughout east central and southeast regions.
(Lofgren). NEBRASKA - From 5-7 adults per square yard in alfalfa while larvae
range from 800-1200 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman) .

LEAFHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Agallia constricta prevalent on alfalfa and clover
generally. (Milliron, Conrad). ILLINOIS - So plentiful that serious damage to
third growth alfalfa likely. (111. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Damage is increasing
over State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common at one place in New Castle
County. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Three and 5 per sweep in 2 Botetourt
County alfalfa fields and 2 per sweep in Floyd County. (Morris). WISCONSIN -
Populations in alfalfa higher in many fields than for several years. Yellowing
appearing in untreated second crop. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Continues to
decline in all areas except in some fields in northwest. Sweep counts average

1 to 3 per sweep in most fields. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Declining in legumes
throughout State. Counts above 20-30 per 10 sweeps uncommon. (Coppock, Stiles).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSOURI - Light numbers of adults
causing noticeable but non-economic leaf injury in most soybean fields in

central and east central areas; counts range 1 to 3 per linear foot of row.

(Kyd, Thomas). IOWA - Leaf-feeding on soybeans in Henry County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta spp.) - KANSAS - One to 7 per sweep in alfalfa fields of
central and south central counties. (Matthew). Destructive feeding on sugar beet
leaves at one stop in Wichita County. (Gates). NEBRASKA - Population very high
in alfalfa in southeast and in Republican Valley, averaging 100 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen, Weekman). MINNESOTA - Some blossom feeding in west central area.
(Minn. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA - Damage to alfalfa in Henry County. (Grimes).

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - Average 2-6 per sweep in
many red clover seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - IDAHO - Adult populations 25-30
per sweep in northern Lemhi County in clover. Clover seed weevil now appears to
be distributed over entire State. (Manis).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on
soybeans in Bryan County. Johnson).

- 620 -

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common on clover one location
Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA - Infesting peanuts, Henry County.
(Eden). MINNESOTA - Damage still being reported from south and west central
areas; in some cases complete defoliation of seedling alfalfa. (Minn. Ins.
Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Prevalent in alfalfa throughout eastern area, up to 5
larvae per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - IOWA - Abundant on thistles and soybean. (Iowa
Ins. Inf.). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae common on thistles and causing almost complete
defoliation in many large patches in eastern areas. Several sunflower fields in
Northwood area averaged 4 to 5 larvae per plant. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Larval infestations on soybeans in several localities in northeast
region. (Lofgren). MINN. - Migration to soybeans continues. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - IDAHO - Adults common on sweetclovers
in southern area. Feeding damage appearing throughout. (Portman).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Unusually high
populations during June considered responsible for transmitting aster yellows in
flax in eastern areas. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Heavy in several
fields of alfalfa and soybeans over the State. Girdling of stems severe in a few
fields. Nymphs more numerous. Control difficult. (Barnes et al.). LOUISIANA -
From 250-400 per 100 sweeps on soybeans in East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge and
Pointe Coupee Parishes. (Oliver).

THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Damaging peanuts in Atoka County. (Coppock, Stiles).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - LOUISIANA - Light but not threaten-
ing in soybeans in East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee and Iberville
Parishes. (Oliver).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - OKLAHOMA - Light infestations in vetch in
southern area. (Coppock, Stiles).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) -— ARKANSAS - Heavy foliage loss in spots of some
alfalfa. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI - Infestation and damage in alfalfa increased
over western half of State. From 2-12 larvae per sweep in central area. Small
soybeans damaged in scattered southwest, west central and central areas. (Kyd,
Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Damage continues to scattered alfalfa fields and soybeans
throughout State. (Coppock). Heavy on alfalfa in northern Alfalfa County.
(Owens). Soybeans heavily infested in southern Craig County. (Campbell).
Unidentified webworms destroying commercial plantings of sunflowers in Stillwater
area, hundreds per head. (Arbuthnot).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Fairly numerous in scattered
fields of alfalfa throughout State; 20-30 nymphs and adults per 10 sweeps common.
(Coppock, Stiles). NEBRASKA - Building up again in Republican Valley and south-
east areas. Counts average 800 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman).

PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus prevalent on alfalfa in lower New
Castle County and on clover generally. Lygus spp. generally common on clovers
and alfalfa. A. lineolatus statewide. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - A.
lineolatus again building up in southeast and Republican Valley. Counts of
260-1200 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman). NEVADA - Lygus spp. on alfalfa seed fields
in Orovada and Dayton areas. Control warranted Dayton area. (Bechtel, Gallaway,
July 20). IDAHO - Lygus bugs becoming numerous in alfalfa seed fields in Gooding
County. Control warranted. (Koester). WASHINGTON - In four alfalfa fields
between Pullman and Palouse, L. hesperus and L. elisus averaged 6.2 adults and
0.1 nymph per sweep. (Dailey). a

- 621 -

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on
peanuts in 10 counties. (Johnson).

SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATORS - UTAH - Leaf tiers and other caterpillars combined have
caused a loss of 5-65 percent of big sage leaves generally over State this
season. (Knowlton).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Larval infestations of fruit
high at Kingston. (Stoner). MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood entries appearing.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Second-brood entries noted July 15 southern
area, earlier than usual. May have partial third brood. (Ins.-Dis. News.).
VIRGINIA - Causing more than usual trouble in scattered apple orchards. (Hill).
WISCONSIN - Moderate to serious problem in several counties, adults emerging in
Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Second-generation entries in

La Crescent area July 21. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Moderately severe on

apple trees at Hurricane and Santa Clara and in Juab County. (Hughes, Burten-
shaw).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - VIRGINIA - Troublesome in northern area apple orchards,
normally decline this period of season. (Hill). ALABAMA - Heavy on water sprouts
of apples in Lee County. (Guyton). WISCONSIN - Populations high and continue to
increase in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Emergence complete at
Kingston. Early varieties heaviest infested. Population apparently larger than
usual. (Stoner). MASSACHUSETTS - Emergence continues, migration into orchards ~
underway. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). DELAWARE - Numerous one location in New
Castle County on untreated fruits. (MacCreary). WISCONSIN - Adults trapped since
first week of July in Door County. (Wis, Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Continues to
emerge; high numbers some neglected orchards in southern area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

ORCHARD MITES - MASSACHUSETTS - Tetranychus telarius, and sometimes Metatetranychus
ulmi, are threats on apple trees. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). INDIANA - Degree of

control varies from orchard to orchard in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). Populations
active, largest of season at Orleans. Tetranychus spp. multiplying very rapidly
and predominating. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - First severe infestation of T. telarius

this season in orchard in Jackson County. (Chandler). COLORADO - Populations of
T. telarius and Bryobia praetiosa building up in some orchards in Delta County.
Exp )

Control recommended. . Sta.). DELAWARE - Increased on apples and peaches.
(Kelsey). WISCONSIN - M. ulmi averaged 22 per leaf on untreated apple trees in
Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Generally not serious in apples.

(Minn. Ins. Rept.). VIRGINIA - M. ulmi normal in northern area apple orchards,

T. schoenei not a problem but expected to be early in August. (Hill). UTAH -
Moderately severe on apple trees at Hurricane and Santa Clara, and in Juab County.
(Hughes, Burtenshaw).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - UTAH - Moderately severe in Washington
County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - First adult taken July 14 in trapped trees in
Mesa County. Emergence 10 days later than past years. (Exp. Sta.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ILLINOIS - Jarring records from 5 trees
at Mounds for 1956 and 1957 indicate than ratio will be at least 10 times greater
in 1957. Weather conditions favorable for second brood and carry-over to next
season. Continued fresh second-brood feeding and egg-laying on apples with
initial infestation. (Chandler).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - WISCONSIN —- Adults numerous in
Door County 75-80 trapped per night in cherry orchards. Heavier than 1956 some
orchards. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 622 -

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood well
started, may need control on early varieties. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). INDIANA -
Degree of control needed varies from orchard to orchard in Vincennes area.
(Hamilton). VIRGINIA - More difficult to control in some northern area apple
orchards. (Hill). ILLINOIS - Considerable increase in fruit attacked at
Carbondale. May be serious some orchards at picking time. (Chandler).

WISCONSIN - Adults numerous many orchards in Door County; quite heavy on sour
cherries. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatch expected soon in Erie County

on apples. (Adams).

WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - CALIFORNIA - Eight
third instar larvae taken from pie cherries 22 miles north of Montague,
Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - VIRGINIA - Defoliating some young
apple orchards in northern area. 1 .

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Two severe
infestations on grape at Phoenix. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - One adult trapped in San
Ysidro on July 23. This brings total to 8 trapped in area in 1957; 3 males and
5 females. Twelve adults have been trapped since the find of August 9, 1954,
(Harper)..

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - WISCONSIN - Observed on pears, cherries and flower-
ing crabapple in Brown, Dane and Racine Counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

MINNESOTA - Damage in Twin City area on cotoneaster and cherry trees. Another
generation will probably cause damage in August. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Heavier than for last 3-4 years
in northern area orchards. (Hill).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Extremely scarce past
4 weeks in Lee County, now light on pecan leaves. (Guyton).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Defoliating pecans in
Okemah area. (Bower).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - More damage to bean fields,
particularly west of Jerome and Twin Falls, than for several years. (Peay).

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - DELAWARE - Numerous on lima beans some areas.
(Milliron, Conrad).

APHIDS ON POTATOES - MAINE - Populations 8 times those of week ago and nearly 3
times those of same time 1956. Summer dispersal forms of Macrosiphum solanifolii
and Myzus solani observed first time this season. Aphis abbreviata predominates
followed by M. sSolanifolii, M. solani and Myzus persicae. (Shands). COLORADO -
Populations developing in Weld County in certified—potato-growing areas of Rio
Grande and Alamosa Counties. (Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - Populations of Myzus persicae
low in potato seed fields in eastern area. (Bishop).

APHIDS - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on garden crops and ornamentals in northern
area, St. Anthony area and at Twin Falls. Parasites and predators building up.
(Manis, Gittins).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Numbers increased.
Trap collections 364 July 7 and 104 July 10 at Rocky Ford, 416 July 10 at
Longmont, and 64 July 10 at Greeley. (Exp. Sta.).

- 623 -

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ALABAMA - Damaging tomatoes,
cotton and other crops in southern area. (Arant) .

WIREWORMS - TEXAS - Continue to damage young peppers and tomatoes in lower Rio
Grande Valley in conjunction with darling beetles and leaf miners. (Deer).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - DELAWARE - Moderately extensive
infestation at Columbia. (MacCreary).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - UTAH - Egg counts on tomatoes low in Box Elder,
Davis, Weber, Salt Lake and Utah Counties. (Dorst). Moderate infestation at
Santa Clara. (Hughes).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Continues most critical pest
in eastern counties and in San Luis Valley on tomatoes and potatoes. Nymphs
appearing. (Exp. Sta.). KANSAS - Light infestations on commercial tomato fields

near Ulysses, Grant County. Heavy infestations in home gardens this area.
ee: Infesting potatoes in home gardens in Wallace County, west central area.
Gates).

LEAFHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Macrosteles fascifrons generally outnumbers Empoasca
fabae 8 to 1 in potato fields. Purple top higher than any time during past 10
years. (N.D.Ins. Rept.).

HORNWORMS - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae widespread on tomatoes, damaging particularly
at West Kingston and Newport. (Stoner). KANSAS - Controlled in commercial
plantings of tomatoes in Wichita County. (Gates). UTAH - Spotted local damage
to tomatoes and potatoes. (Knowlton).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Light to moderate damage to
potatoes in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Heavy on potatoes
some places, light on tomatoes in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). WISCONSIN -
Moderate numbers in several counties, heavy some Green Lake County potatoes.
(Wis.Ins.Surv.).

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Damaged a few fields of pepper near Mission. (Deer).

BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Epicauta sp. damaging tomatoes in Henry County.
(Grimes). TENNESSEE - Considerable damage to truck crops in western area. .
(Locke). DELAWARE - Destructive to tomatoes and potatoes one place New Castle
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - RHODE ISLAND - Activity increasing, as
many as 10 larvae per stem in Summer Squash at West Kingston, averaging 4.
(Stoner). WISCONSIN - One heavy infestation in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SQUASH BUGS - RHODE ISLAND - Populations of Anasa tristis greatly increasing, par-
ticularly at West Kingston and Tuckerton. (Stoner.). IOWA - All stages abundant
on Hubbard squash in all areas. (Iowa Ins.Inf.). WISCONSIN — A heavy infestation
in Jackson County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). UTAH - A. tristis damage moderate in
Weber, Davis, Salt Lake and Cache Counties. Abundant in Washington County.
(Knowlton, Hughes).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - UTAH - Moderately severe on cantaloups in Washing-
ton County. (Knowlton, Hughes).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - WISCONSIN - Damage appears to be widespread and
serious some areas. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). IDAHO - Third-generation adults emerging
in southwestern area. Pupation of second generation about 60 percent complete;
but second-generation adults present and egg-laying continuing. (Scott). UTAH -
Some damage in Salt Lake, Box Elder, Cache and Sanpete Counties. (Knowlton).

- 624 -

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Very high in commercial plantings of
onions in Pueblo and Bent Counties. Control recommended. (Exp. Sta.). KANSAS -
On commercial plantings of onions in Wichita County. (Gates).

RASPBERRY INSECTS - WISCONSIN - Raspberry cane borer (Oberea bimaculata) and
raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides geniculatus) populations much lighter than in
1956 in northwestern counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus telarius and T. atlanticus damaging to sweet-
potatoes and lima beans in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). WISCONSIN - One
planting of strawberries ruined by Steneotarsonemus pallidus. (Wis.Ins.Surv.).
WASHINGTON - T. telarius caused moderate to severe damage to spearmint at Rosa.
Built up just prior to harvest. Populations of S. pallidus unusually low on straw-
berries in Snohomish, Skagit and Whatcom Counties. (Breakey, Eide).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLERS - TENNESSEE - Appearing generally over State. (Mullett).

CABBAGE APHIDS - RHODE ISLAND - Brevicoryne brassicae heavy on crucifers generally.
(Stoner). MASSACHUSETTS - Becoming more numerous. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

CABBAGEWORMS - RHODE ISLAND - Infestations of Pieris rapae heavy on neglected cru-
cifers. (Stoner). MASSACHUSETTS - Present and may become serious if high tem-
perature continues. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Looper eggs numerous
on broccoli in Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. News.). WISCONSIN - Infestations of
Trichoplusia ni and P. rapae medium to heavy in several counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - IDAHO - Adults emerging in moderate
numbers at Rupert but no larvae found feeding on beans. (Peay).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Populations increased many unharvested
late pea fields ; treatments being applied. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). WASHINGTON -
Heaviest on peas in Palouse area since 1954. Nearly all fields received treat-—
ment. Adults averaged 76.3 per sweep in 4 fields between Pullman and Palouse.
(Dailey).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - WASHINGTON - Decreased on peas in Palouse area;
little treatment. (Telford).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - RHODE ISLAND - Extremely heavy on
neglected beans, complete defoliation. Pupation started at West Kingston.
(Stoner). COLORADO - Damaging canning beans, control applied. Larvae hatching

in Montrose County, control on early plantings advised. (Exp. Sta.). TENNESSEE -
Heavier than usual in western area, (Locke). ALABAMA - Unusually active in

Lee County. (Arant).

LOOPERS - WASHINGTON - Larvae of Autographa californica reported causing difficulty
in packing plants in shelled peas from Walla Walla area in CEIR 7 (29) :576.

Adults indicate that Anagrapha falcifera was predominant species with fewer larvae
of A. californica. (Cook) .

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Serious infestation on watermelons
at Cashion and Buckeye, Maricopa County. Some not marketable. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

- 625 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Statewide average square
infestation in 140 treated fields was 18.6 percent and in untreated fields 43.8
percent. (Jones et al.). Serious threat in many fields. (Ins. Notes). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Reports from 40 counties indicate infestation in treated fields 19
percent, untreated fields 52 percent. This compares with 16 and 49 for previous
week. Situation continues serious. (Cott. Lett.). Thirteen treated fields in
Florence County had 40 percent infestation and 45 treated fields in Darlington
County averaged 19 percent compared with 27 percent previous week. (Walker et
al.). TENNESSEE - Slight increase in most fields, heaviest in upland fields.
Average infestation was 22 percent compared with 19 last week and 35 at this time
last year. Continuing rains still favor buildup. (Locke). GEORGIA - Counts in
27 fields in 13 southern counties showed 52 percent punctured squares. Fourteen
additional fields in Sumter, Lee, Tift, Coffee and Emanuel Counties were heavily
infested though no counts made due to scarcity of squares. (Johnson). ALABAMA -
Increasing. Twenty-four fields in 6 south and southeastern counties had 47.5
percent infestation. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Average of 13.6 percent infestation
in delta counties. Infestations remain spotty but becoming more widespread.
(Merkl1 et al.). LOUISIANA - Average infestation in 104 fields in Madison Parish
was 21 percent. (Smith et al.). Twenty-two rields examined in 10 parishes had
4-90 percent infestation. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Increasing in many fields over
State. Conditions for development more favorable. Twenty to 30 percent increase
in infestations in several fields in southern half of State. Still light in
young cotton. Of 4017 fields inspected, 78 percent infested compared with 67
last week and 85 a year ago. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Continues low in
McLennan and Falls Counties, 9.6 percent infestation in 38 fields. (Parencia

et al.). Infestations light to medium in various areas, July 19. (Turney,.
Martin). Were near normal in lower valley this year. (Deer). OKLAHOMA - Very
low in southwestern Oklahoma; occasional puncture. (Bryan). Reported only from

eastern and southeastern counties, July 20; from 1-20 percent infestation.
(Flora). MISSOURI - Four percent of 545 fields had 1-10 percent of squares
infested. (Kyd, Thomas).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.). - SOUTH CAROLINA - Continues low in Florence
area. (Walker etal.). NORTH CAROLINA - Not increasing. (Cott. News Lett.).

TENNESSEE - Still increasing. Infestations higher (3 larvae per 100 terminals)
in areas treated for boll weevil. (Locke). GEORGIA - Moderate on cotton in
Candler and Emanuel Counties. Heavy in Sumter, Tift, Coffee and Johnson Counties.

Boll Weevil and Bollworm Highlights as of July 26

MDW = Bollworms increasing

*Untreated

- 626 -

Twenty-seven eggs per 100 terminals in Candler County. (Johnson). ALABAMA -
Generally lighter than previous week. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Light egg
deposition in some fields in delta counties, 2.6 eggs per 100 terminals.
Conditions favorable for buildup. Medium moth flight indicated by light traps.
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Damage generally light in Madison Parish. (Smith
et al.). No fields examined over State had heavy infestations. Marked increase
in moths at light trap at Shreveport. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Increased some
fields. Natural control effective in most untreated fields. (Barnes et al.).
TEXAS - Heavy egg deposition continues in more succulent fields in McLennan and
Falls Counties, 40.8 eggs and 3.3 per 100 terminals in 50 fields. (Parencia

et al.). Infestations medium in coastal bend and upper coastal areas; light to
medium in south central, east, central, west central areas; and light in several
other areas. (Turney, Martin, July 19). OKLAHOMA - Generally light in south-
western areas but one field had 10-15 percent of bolls damaged. Egg deposition
generally light. (Coppock, Stiles). MISSOURI - Rapid buildup, 24 percent of
545 fields infested with 1-10 per 100 terminals. Predators keeping most
infestations under control. (Kyd, Thomas). ARIZONA - Generally increased;

1-8 per 100 plants in Buckeye area. About 700 acres treated in Pinal County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Increasing in San Joaquin Valley and Imperial
County although still below economic levels. Predators keeping populations

down in Imperial and Kern Counties. (Cal. Cott. Lett.). NEVADA - Spotted and
still low in Pahrump Valley. (Lauderdale).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Heavy in some sections of
lower Rio’ Grande Valley. Light in coastal bend and central areas. (Turney,
Martin, July 19). The 1957 season notable for surprisingly heavy infestations

in local areas of lower valley. (Deer). CALIFORNIA - Bloom inspection completed
in Kern, Merced and Madera Counties. No pink bollworm found. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Light on cotton in 5 counties,
moderate in Washington County and heavy in Tift County. (Johnson). ALABAMA -
Defoliating cotton in Geneva County. (Grimes). Damage also in several central
counties. (Arant). OKLAHOMA - One to 5 per plant in Greer and Caddo Counties.
(Bryan). Light widespread in most southwestern counties. (Coppock, Stiles).
ARIZONA - Heavy damage on 400 acres in Pinal County. Two to 3 per 100 sweeps
in Litchfield Park area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - LOUISIANA - Moth activity increasing over
western half of State. Larvae found as far north as Hico, Lincoln Parish.
(Oliver). ARKANSAS - Some light infestations. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Light
to heavy in coastal bend, southwest, upper coastal and south central areas and
light in several other areas. (Turney, Martin, July 19). OKLAHOMA - Activity
beginning in southern and southwestern fields. (Coppock, Stiles).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Light in western Maricopa
County. Egg masses indicate high potential population in Pinal County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on cotton and other
plants in Jones County. (Pepper).

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) - LOUISIANA - Moths very active in cotton
in Natchitoches and Red River Parishes. No larvae. (Oliver).

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Seven acres 75 percent infested with Aphis gossypii
in Bertie County. (Simmons, Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Increasing in upper
Coastal Plains and in sandhill counties. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Light in

2 counties, moderate in 9 and heavy in 6. (Johnson). ALABAMA - A. gossypii
medium to heavy in south and southeast. (Grimes). Reports from several areas
indicate general buildup. (Arant). OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy in many fields
in southern and southwestern areas. Spraying underway (Coppock, et al.).

— 627 -

SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Found in all sections. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA -
Light to moderate in all fields examined. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Light in Geneva
and Escambia Counties. (Grimes). MISSOURI - Marginal infestations in 5 percent
of 545 fields. (Kyd, Thomas). ARIZONA - Heavy on 160 acres of cotton in Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

PLANT BUGS - TENNESSEE - Some light damage in rank cotton.. (Locke). OKLAHOMA -
Reported from several southwestern counties, as high as 30-35 per 100 terminals.
(Flora, July 20). TEXAS - In lower Rio Grande Valley, 1957 season notable for
large numbers of fleahoppers which caused serious damage. (Deer). MISSOURI -
Fleahoppers in 95 percent of 545 fields, 0-34 nymphs and adults per 100 terminals.
(Kyd, Thomas). ARIZONA - Lygus spp. built up rapidly on cotton in all areas.
Economic levels in most of Maricopa County and many fields treated. Economic
populations also in Pinal and Pima Counties. Fleahoppers declined. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Lygus bugs increasing in San Joaquin Valley and Imperial
County with heavy population near recently-cut alfalfa in Imperial County.

Six to 30 adults and 6-8 nymphs per 50 sweeps in Fresno County. (Cal. Cott.
Lett.).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Light in Maricopa
County. Increasing in Pinal County, some mild defoliation. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - High in most cotton fields from Maricopa to Pima County. Some
damage in blossoms and squares. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Scattered marginal damage to cotton in Washita and
Roger Mills Counties by lubber grasshoppers. (Flora, July 20).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Moths numerous at light traps, few newly-
hatched larvae July 25. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Adults increased
approximately 9-12 times during week in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on older tobacco in
Calvert and Prince Georges Counties. Aerial spraying started. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on tobacco
some Pittsylvania County fields. Counts from 10-20 per plant. (Dominick).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - WISCONSIN - Heavy to complete defoliation
apparent most larch stands northwestern area, pupation observed July 16. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy to complete defoliation on Japanese larch in
Clinton County. (Drooz).

SAWFLIES -— WISCONSIN - Neodiprion lecontei feeding in shade of hardwoods in
Taylor County and scattered in Sawyer and Douglas Counties. Pikonema alaskensis
defoliating ornamental spruce in Price and Douglas Counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Populations were quite heavy in
northern area on pine, damaged terminals now apparent. Some pupation and adult
emergence. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - Transformation to
adult stage nearly complete in northwestern courties. About 4000 acres in
northeastern areas aerially treated. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

APHIDS - PENNSYLVANIA - Cinara watsonii still present in plantations on Scotch
pine in Indiana County. Udine).

- 628 -

BUDWORMS - MINNESOTA - Choristoneura pinus in small stands in Superior National
Forest north of Virginia and Trout Lake and south of Warroad. First defoliation
these areas recent years. Defoliation north of Chisholm. C. fumiferana
defoliation increased in Superior National Forest in areas with heaviest
defoliation in 1956. Area of heavy defoliation expanded in easterly direction.
Egg mass survey began July 23. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

PINE TIP MOTHS - TENNESSEE - Causing considerable injury to young pines in
western area. (Locke).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - NEW JERSEY - Severe damage to spruce

some areas. (ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Damage on sycamore increased various
locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Damaging
evergreens in Lincoln area, as many as 7 inquiries per hour. (Andersen).

KANSAS - Actively feeding at Wellington, Sumner County and reported several
northeastern counties. (Matthew).

TENT CATERPILLARS - WASHINGTON - Few focal points of infestations of Malacosoma
disstria on willow and M. pluviale on alder between Olympia and Everett. Heavy
parasitism of cocoons by Tachinomyia similis and Rileymyia americana with larvae
of Sarcophaga houghi and §. aldrichi numerous. Egg masses frequent on hosts with
parasites active. Apparently tent caterpillars slowly recovering following sharp
reduction in 1955 population. (Dailey).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - ILLINOIS - Defoliating many deciduous
trees in central and western areas. (iil. Ins. Rept.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - MINNESOTA - Defoliation reported in
Taylors Falls area. Minn. Ins. Rept.).

MOURNING- CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - IDAHO - Outbreak occurring in
Lewiston area on willow; a control initiated. (Kambitsch).

A MOTH (Calocalpe undulata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae webbed wild cherry leaves many
areas. Heavy populations some areas Columbia County; most damage past. Larvae
3-5 instar July 14. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Feeding heavy on catalpa in
Hardy County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - RHODE ISLAND - Early and middle instars wide-
spread on wild cherry and apple, on elm and maple in areas. (Stoner, Wallace).
DELAWARE - Common on hickory some places in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).
WASHINGTON - Very light population from Olympia to Everett. (Dailey).

POPLAR VAGABOND APHID (Mordvilkoja vagabunda) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation
on cottonwood in Camp Cook area of Harding County. (Spawn).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - IDAHO - Moderate infestation
developed on maple trees in Lewiston area. (Kambitsch) .

HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) - RHODE ISLAND - Galls parti-
cularly numerous on hackberry at Newport and Kingston. (Stoner).

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) -— WISCONSIN - Numerous in eastern Ashland
County. (Wis. =instusurv®)).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy emergence in Adams
and York Counties. (Drooz).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Entirely skeletonized elm
foliage in Bowmont area of Canyon County. Pupation now general. (Waters).

- 629 -

SYCAMORE LACEBUG (Corythucha ciliata) - NEW JERSEY - Abundant. (Ins.-Dis. News.).

a
OAK WEEVILS - WEST VIRGINIA - Cyrtepistomus castaneus attacking oak in Boone
County and Pandeleteius hilaris in Boone and Logan Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Summer
emergence begun. Found for first time on native elm in Crawford County. As of
July 25, 141 trees diagnosed as having Dutch elm disease. To July 26, 1957,
disease found in 12 communities in 6 counties; Jefferson County only new county.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Populations generally lighter
than 1956 in northwestern counties, one heavy infestation in Manitowoc County.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Collected on rose bush in East
Chicago July 22. (Osmun, Campau). WISCONSIN - Two adults trapped to July 26,
one each in Milwaukee and Racine Counties. About 510 traps placed in scattered
southeastern locations. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

SPIDER MITES - OKLAHOMA - Destroying privet shrubbery in central area. (Stiles).

A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus juniperi) - KANSAS - Abundant on juniper in localized
areas in Sedgwick, Sumner, Kingman and Barton Counties. City spraying in
Wellington, Sumner County. (Calkins).

A SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pittosporum at Palo
Alto, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 12 per plant
on 10,000 inspected on azalea at South Jacksonville, Duval County. (King, June
24).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on chrysan-
themums in Kanawha County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in Spalding
County on castrated calves. Minter, Dupree). ALABAMA - Increased activity in
Houston, Henry, Covington and Geneva Counties. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Number of
infestations in Custer County. (Bower).

MOSQUITOES - ALABAMA - Species prevalent in Lee County are Culex territans,

Aedes triseriatus, A. canadensis canadensis, Anopheles punctipennis and
Toxorhynchites rutilus. (Bargren). ARIZONA - Increasing some areas Pinal County.
Treated at Casa Grande. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Severe several parts of
Sanpete County. (Funk). Troublesome many localities including Rich and Cache
Counties. (Knowlton).

HOUSE FLIES - UTAH - Troublesome to livestock in Washington County. Extensive
community control programs in Sanpete County, Fayette and Ephraim. (Knowlton).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) -— MARYLAND - Abundant on cattle in southern areas.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Populations up slightly in Stillwater area.
(Howell). UTAH - Troublesome to livestock in several counties. (Knowlton).

TABANIDS - OKLAHOMA - Tabanus atratus and T. abactor average 10-20 per animal in

central and eastern areas. (Howell). IOWA - Horse flies worse than usual.
(lowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Numerous on livestock in several areas. (Knowlton).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA — Populations lower in Stillwater
area. (Howe 5

- 630 -

COCKROACHES - VIRGINIA - More than usual Supella supellectilium at Richmond.
(Willey). DELAWARE - S. supellectilium troublesome in business establishment,
New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). UTAH - Blattella germanica and Blatta
orientalis serious problems in Washington County. (Knowlton) .

BLACK FLIES - TEXAS - Heavy feeding on cattle in Bell County. (Decker).

CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe infestation large
flock in Rowan County. (Pate, Farrier).

FLEAS - TENNESSEE - Serious in and around homes all areas in State. (Mullett).
ALABAMA —- Abundant several counties of State. (Arant).

TICKS - CONNECTICUT - Single female specimen of Amblyomma (probably americana)
taken from back of small buoy at Torrington. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Heavier than

usual western area. (Locke). WISCONSIN - Unusually high populations of
Dermacentor variabilis for time of year. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

BEES - NEVADA - Native bee populations moderate to heavy, pollinating seed fields
in Orovada area. (Bechtel, Gallaway, July 20).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris sp.) - IDAHO - Abundant many red clover fields in Canyon

County. Average 2-3 per sweep many fields, with larger population on ground.
(Waters).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEVADA - Populations increasing to
economic level, numerous calls on control in western area. (Gallaway, July 20).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - ARIZONA - Invaded homes locally at Tucson, caused
much annoyance. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - ARIZONA - Nuisance most homes in Pinal County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) - IDAHO - Extremely heavy in potato storage in Bingham
County. Mites entered storage area from straw layer used as roof cover.
(Portman).

SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - TENNESSEE - Infesting several properties
in Memphis. (Locke).

SPRINGTAILS - CONNECTICUT - Migrating into homes from plant beds. (Johnson).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 7(29):570 under SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - VIRGINIA - should read "Averaged
500 plus, 25, 100 and 30 per sweep in 4 Princess Anne County alfalfa fields".

CEIR 7(28) :553 under PLUM CURCULIO - GEORGIA - should read "New first-generation
females depositing second-generation eggs June 21 at Fort Valley".

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud.
unip.
A (Counties
Baldwin 7/18,19,25 3
DeKalb 7/20 ,23,25
Lee 7/25 19
ARKANSAS
Hope 7/18-24
Stuttgart 7/18-24
*Morrillton 7/18-24 2
Varner 7/17-23 6
Fayetteville 7/20-26 20

Osceola 7/18-23

COLORADO

Rocky Ford 7/10 84
GEORGIA (Counties)

Spalding 7/19-25 69

Tift 7/15,17,19 40
KANSAS

Hays 7/19-23

Manhattan 7/21-26 76

Wathena 7/17-23 14
ILLINOIS

Urbana 7/18-24 38
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 7/17-22 75

Tippecanoe 7/18-25 351
LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge 7/20-25 33

Curtis 7/17-24 156
MISSOURI

Columbia 7/22-26

Sikeston 7/24-25
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 7/19-24 9

Senatobia 7/20-25

State College 7/20-26 44

*Stoneville 7/19-25 113
NEBRASKA

Lincoln 7/11-17 58
Lancaster 7/15-20 354
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 7/25 2
Johnson 7/25 4
MARYLAND (Counties)
Wicomico 7/16-22 12
Montgomery 7/19-25 6
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Florence 7/20-26 135
Charleston 7/22-28 4
Oconee 7/20-26 37
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 7/25 11
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Lauderdale 7/16-22 48
Madison 56
Lawrence 12
Maury 12
Robertson 104
Knox 120
Greene 208

*Two traps Morrillton; four traps Stoneville.

Agrot.
yps.

17
25

22
27

20

- 631 -

Prod.
orn.

15

71

168

Perid.
marg.

2

1

15

20

36

288

Laphyg. Heliothis
frug. zea vires.

82 9

202 14

15 610 11
95 439 45

20

164

24

5

5
368 12 9

625 645

101 al

18 52

10
5 27 2
98 171 13

3

34

14

3 16

2 11
57 2464 53
34 75 2

3 37

8

2

4

10

8
(Continued)

Protoparce
sexta quin.

16
78
9

37
34

60
41

23

3
23
1

45
12

- 632 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

(Continued)
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce
unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.
E E on ;
Blount 24 126 4 19 9
Monroe 3 3 8 1 4
Johnson 246 154 82 66 6 8
TEXAS
Brownsville 7/14-20 16 225 336 920 353 48 38 1
Waco 7/20-26 43 156 38 1430
VIRGINIA (County)
Pittsylvania 7/12-20 269 510

Additional Collections

Alabama argillacea: TEXAS - Brownsville (7/14-20)- 32,904; Waco (7/20-26) --373;

LOUISIANA - Baton Rouge (7/20-25)--35; Curtis (7/17-24) --74.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - May have heavy second brood of RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLERS in Rockland
County. CODLING MOTH second brood serious in some orchards in Columbia County,
numerous in light traps in Rockland County. APPLE MAGGOT flies continue to
emerge in substantial numbers in Wayne County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg laying
for second brood will be decidedly earlier this year in Hudson Valley. CORN
EARWORM present in all stages in this area. Infestation of ears 25-30 percent.
CABBAGEWORMS and CABBAGE LOOPERS considerable problem on cabbage and cauli-
flower in Rockland County. APHIDS in large numbers on potatoes in Erie County,
earlier than usual. CABBAGE APHIDS building up in many crucifer fields over
State. (N. Y. Wkly. Lett.).

OHIO - Second-brood injuries of CODLING MOTH in northern area. RED-BANDED
LEAF ROLLER infestations variable, mostly light. Severe but controllable in-
festations of EUROPEAN RED MITE. POTATO LEAFHOPPER causing yellowing and
stunting in central area. Many reports of JAPANESE BEETLE damage in eastern

counties. CORN SAP BEETLE damage commonly reported. (C. R. Neiswander et al.).

sy) SP
ae 7
<a

Sa
Wies

a
Ps

a)

“tate,
A

aay

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,

Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural |

workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material. |

4 is we!
pe 2S HAM
eu Sr

Reports and inquiries pertaining ge thie gest
should be mailed to: ba inh Teer F
Plant Pest Survey Section Chee
Plant Pest Control Division = ay wie
Agricultural Research Service / ; “ae
United States Department of Agriculture “'
Washington 25, D.C. fs

Volume 7 August 9, 1957 Number 32

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS number one insect problem in Kansas. Of concern in crops in other
States. (p. 635). Eggs and larvae of second generation EUROPEAN CORN BORER
appearing in eastern United States and Missouri. Larvae of first generation still
active in midwest. Pupation started in Nebraska and Kansas. (p. 636). CORN
EARWORM may heavily damage soybeans in Virginia and is unusually severe in early
corn in Ohio. Serious in Utah. (p. 636). SPIDER MITES troublesome on soybeans
in mid-Atlantic States. (p. 640).

FALL ARMYWORM outbreaks may occur on soybeans in eastern Virginia. Heavy in
Louisiana on grasses and light to heavy on corn in Missouri, Kansas and other
areas. (pp. 637, 652). SAP BEETLES abundant on sweet corn in Delaware, Maryland
and Ohio. (p. 637). CORN LEAF APHID numerous and widespread with damage greatest
in midwest generally. (p. 637).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID counts high in Georgia. Generally low but increasing other
areas. (p. 638). POTATO LEAFHOPPER nymphs extremely high in Nebraska. Damaging
other areas. (p. 638). PLANT BUGS numerous on alfalfa severai areas. (p. 639,
652).

ORCHARD MITES remain troublesome many areas. (p. 641). One male MEXICAN FRUIT
FLY trapped at San Ysidro California. (p. 642).

BOLL WEEVIL counts increasing in southeastern States. Migration underway in
Carolinas. (p. 645). BOLLWORM counts low generally in southeast, increasing

in Arizona and California. Heavy populations may occur in Oklahoma. (p. 646,
652). SPIDER MITES becoming more apparent on cotton generally. (p. 647).

COTTON LEAFWORMS warrant control in Texas. Medium to heavy in Oklahoma and moths
abundant in Louisiana. First larvae taken in Missouri. (pp. 647, 652). PINK
BOLLWORM continues heavy in parts of lower valley in Texas. (p. 649).

Heavy defoliation by LARCH SAWFLY occurred in northern Wisconsin. (p. 649).
JAPANESE BEETLES trapped at Ft. Madison Iowa. (p. 650).

A DRY WOOD TERMITE collected for first time in Oklahoma. (p. 651).
SCREW-WORM appearing in Wapello County Iowa. (p. 651).

ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 652).

Status of PINK BOLLWORM infestations as of January 1957. (p. 648).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 655).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 2 unless otherwise designated.

- 634 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-AUGUST TO MID-SEPTEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for August calls for temperatures to
average below seasonal normals from the Ohio and Lower Mississippi Valleys
eastward to the Atlantic Seaboard. Below normal is also predicted for central
and northern areas west of the Continental Divide. Above normal temperatures
are in prospect for the central third of the nation with greatest departures
over the Northern Plains. In areas not Specified near normal is indicated.
Precipitation amounts for the month as a whole are expected to equal or exceed
normal over most areas east of the Appalachians and provide relief from the
drought which has prevailed over much of this area. Above normal rainfall

is also anticipated over the Southern Plateau and coastal areas of the Pacific
Northwest. Sub-normal rainfall is indicated over the Central /and Southern
Plains. In areas not specified about normal amounts are predicted.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook,'' published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a
year, $2.40 a half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 5

An extensive mass of cold air moving into the country east of the Divide, near
and over the weekend, brought a radical change in the temperature conditions
which prevailed earlier in the period, while the frontal boundary which preceded
it, was accompanied with considerable storm activity and furnished beneficial
rains to some of the eastern drought areas, as well as to other sections in its
wake.

Afternoon showers during the first part of the week, in addition to the weekend
frontal storms, provided some locations in the eastern coastal drought area
with as much as 3 inches of moisture, yet at other stations the accumulations
were less than 3 inch. Soil-soaking rains in Barnstable County, Massachusetts,
relieved the drought there for the time, but additional precipitation is

needed throughout the entire area. Portland, Maine, ended July with the eighth
consecutive month of below-normal precipitation and a resulting 12.64-inch
deficit. A cursory review of 50 years of record indicates this to be the driest
July in that period of time for a selected group of stations. For example,
Atlantic City, N.J., received a total of 0.30 inches as compared to the previous
low total of 0.70 inches in July 1935; Philadelphia, Pa., 0.64 as to 1.04 in
1955; Washington, D.C., 1.05 as to 1.29 in 1929; Greenville, S. Carolina, 0.58
as to 1.62 in 1929; and Chattanooga, Tenn., 0.20 as to 1.40 inches in 1930.

Weekly precipitation totals were moderate to heavy mainly in the lower, eastern
middle, and southern upper Mississippi Valleys; lower Lakes region; extreme
Southeast; Texas-Oklahoma Panhandle; and isolated locations in the West.
Without measurable precipitation were California, Nevada, southeastern Oregon,
and southwestern Idaho, where forest fire danger was already reported high

last week. Fire danger is also becoming hazardous in northern counties of
Wisconsin.

Maximum temperatures ranged in the 90's and lower 100's over a large portion
of the country through Friday. The main areas excluded were the extreme
Northwest, the eastern Lakes region, and the extreme Northeast. At Vivian,
S. Dakota, 106° was observed on Thursday, but by Friday maxima in that State
generally registered in the 80's. Minima in the 40's were common in the
northern Plains States and upper Lakes region Saturday and Sunday morning. On
the latter day, a low of 39° was observed at Bemidji, Minn., and one of 26° in
the Cranmoor cranberry bog in Wisconsin. Average temperatures for the week
were Slightly above to near normal over most of the country, except in the
Northwest where departures were as much as 5° to 7° below in central Washington
(Continued on page 652)

- 635 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Camnula pellucida and Melanoplus devastator heavy,
av.35 per square yard on 2,000 acres around Wildlife Refuge area in Tulelake.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Abundant in Fairview Canyon and meadow area west of
Manti. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Approximately 1,800 acres in Stanley Basin area
infested with over 100 per square yard, 75 percent C. pellucida. Up to 25
percent of cultivated grass pasture lost through feeding. Coyote Grade area of
Nez Perce County 100 per square yard, mostly M. mexicanus, M. bivittatus, and

M. foedus. Control warranted on about 3,000-3,500 acres in Cape Horn area and
1,500-2,000 acres infested at Bruce Meadows with 50 per square yard, M. mexicanus
predominating. Per square yard counts: Boundary County, 5-20; Clearwater
County 50-75; Idaho County 5-25. (Gittins). NORTH DAKOTA - Adult movement from
small grain fields to corn, soybeans, alfalfa and flax in eastern area.
Infestation threatening to severe in many fields indicating possibility of severe
crop damage unless controlled. In soybeans mostly concentrated in outer rows.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations up to 12 per square yard in
alfalfa fields in north central and northeast. Melanoplus femur-rubrum dominant
species ranging from third to fifth instar and few adults. (Hantsbarger) .
NEBRASKA - Infestations of 4 important species of Melanoplus continue at high
levels. In many areas, especially in south central, counts of more than 10 per
Square yard in entire corn fields. Alfalfa fields with average of more than 25
per square yard in generally infested areas. Counts as high as 90 per square
yard in field margins. M. differentialis and M. bivittatus more than 90 percent
adults, nymphs of M. femur-rubrum in most alfalfa fields, and second-brood M.:
mexicanus likely to occur. Damage by all species very heavy in eastern one-third
of State, heaviest in south central counties. Control applied. (Roselle).
KANSAS - Grasshoppers, particularly crop species, number one insect problem in
State. Generally, central and northern areas with threatening to severe
populations many localized areas, and spreading through many corn, milo and
alfalfa fields. Rapidly stripping untreated corn and alfalfa. (Matthew).
Threatening to moderately severe infestations locaily in west central and south-
west counties. (DePew). TEXAS - Medium widespread on “rangeland in Moore and
Potter Counties. Widespread populations some crops in Dallas County. (Russell).
MINNESOTA - M. femur-rubrum predominant species in 19 counties in southwest,
west central and central districts, varying from non-economic to threatening,
with a scattering of M. bivittatus. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Counts of
3-9 nymphs in Green, Rock, Dane and Walworth Counties appear lower than in

many other sections. Most M. femur-rubrum eggs hatched within short period in
July. Considerable defoliation expected on untreated alfalfa and adults may
damage tobacco, new alfalfa and red clover seedlings. Moderate numbers of M.
bivittatus in Portage County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MISSOURI - M. differentialis
Causing very light marginal injury to corn in widely scattered areas and
individual fields in southwest quarter of State. (Kyd, Thomas). IOWA -
Populations up to 20 per square yard some southwest counties, Melanoplus spp.
predominating. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MARYLAND - Undetermined nymphs averaged 2-21
per sweep on alfalfa and clover in central counties. M. differentialis adults
causing light injury to corn on lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Dissosteira carolina causing light injury on field corn, New Castle
County, moderate damage to soybeans in Kent County. M. bivittatus common in
alfalfa and soybeans, parts of Kent County. Melanoplus spp. nymphs prevalent

in alfalfa and clovers, Kent and Sussex Counties. Light feeding on sweet corn
at places, Kent and Sussex Counties, soybeans at one location, central area.
(Milliron, Conrad).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOTS (Meromyza spp.) - OREGON - Caused an undetermined amount of
damage to wheat and barley in Ontario-Nyssa area. (Capizzi).

CHINCH BUGS - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Heavy in lawns and some gardens in Rockingham and
Stafford Counties. New adults appearing week of July 29. (Conklin). MISSOURI -
Light to moderate damage to corn and sorghums by Blissus leucopterus in west
central and northwest areas of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

- 636 -

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - First-brood more
destructive in southern half of State than in 1956. Mature larvae found week of
July 29. (Conklin). DELAWARE - Second-generation larvae in whorls and entering
stalks of younger corn in southern New Castle, Kent and Sussex Counties. Few
larvae damaging ears some areas. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs found
on sweet corn, but not abundant, York County. (Pepper). NEW JERSEY - Eggs of
second generation appearing in small numbers in southern area. (Ins-Dis. News.).
MARYLAND - First generation pupation nearly complete all sections. Second-
generation egg masses very light. Light second brood expected due to drought.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Second brood emergence beginning at Platte-
ville. In general larvae scarce in late planted fields. Pupation on July 31
in advanced field corn was 7-8 percent complete in Green, Dane, Rock and
Walworth Counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Average percent of plants
infested and larvae per 100 plants: south central 48, 104; southwest 48, 109;
central 56, 127; west central 58, 193. Most of larvae in fourth and fifth
instars. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS - First-generation larval populations
per 100 corn stalks in 6 areas ranged from 1.2-38.0 and percent moth emergence
in 4 areas ranged from 0-60. Moth emergence expected to be complete week of
August 5 in several counties from East St. Louis northward to Jacksonville and
Springfield. In west-southwest, average egg counts of 30-50 per 100 stalks
many fields. (111. Ins. Rept.). OHIO - First generation light on corn.

(C. R. Neiswander). IOWA — Light trap catches at Ankeny increased from 110

on July 29 to over 400 on August 1. Peak flight expected August 4-10.
Pupation at Ankeny was 80 percent August 2. Three commercial corn fields at
Ankeny averaged 50 egg masses per 100 plants and 32 fields in Boone County
averaged 4 egg masses per 100 plants. (Iowa Ins. Inf). MISSOURI - Heavy
damage expected from second brood failed to materialize to August 3. Egg
masses per 100 stalks in southeast 0-30, in central and northwest each 0-20.
Moths very abundant in corn and grain sorghum in central area. In southeast

4 to about 70 percent of stalks infested with early instar larvae. (Kyd,
Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 55 percent, with average of

199 larvae per 100 plants in north central region. In northeast infestation
averaged 66 percent with 146 larvae per 100 plants. In both regions 5 and 9
percent respectively, in pupal stage. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Pupation
underway throughout eastern portion of State. Second-generation moths
emerging and ovipositing. (Andersen). KANSAS - All larvae pupated in corn
fields checked in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Wabaunsee and Riley Counties and

moth emergence has begun. Numerous adults taken at light trap at Wathena.
(Matthew) .

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Some damage to sweet corn in
Hillsboro County, July 29. (Conklin). RHODE ISLAND - Various early instar
larvae in sweet corn, West Kingston. (Stoner). DELAWARE - Numerous in corn
throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - In Lycoming County 25
percent of corn whorls in 3 acres severely damaged. (Gesell). MARYLAND -
Over 50 percent of sweet corn ears coming into canneries in Frederick and
Montgomery Counties infested; 10 percent in Queen Annes County. Heavier than
usual in early sweet corn. Corn whorls also infested. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - May heavily damage soybeans. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Average
of 9.3 eggs per silk in Duplin County. (Farrier, Neunzig.). LOUISIANA -
Heavy in corn in Avoyelles and Rapides Parishes. Some fields with 80 percent
of ears infested. (Oliver). OHIO - Unusually severe in early plantings of
market garden corn throughout State. (C. R. Neiswander). ILLINOIS -
Occasional eggs on silks in west-southwest. No eggs observed on silks in
eastern and northern areas. (I11. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Serious in Utah, Salt
Lake, Weber, Cache and Box Elder Counties for early in the season. Control
applied to canning cern in Spanish Fork area. (Knowlton). COLORADO - This
species in combination with Laphygma frugiperda in corn in Mesa County. Counts
of 10-15 per 100 plants. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Local on young grain sorghum
in Coryell County. (Hoermann).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis} - LOUISIANA - Heavy in corn in St.
Landry, Avoyelles and Rapides Parishes. (Oliver).

- 637 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) -— MARYLAND - Light larval infestations in
whorls of field corn in Talbot and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Damaging corn in eastern area. (Hofmaster). Damage very heavy to

8 acres of corn in Mecklenburg County. Outbreaks may occur in soybeans during
August. (Morris). TENNESSEE - Causing primary budworm damage to late corn

with some corn earworm involved. (Mullett). LOUISIANA - Heavy and damaging
throughout State on corn, pastures and lawns. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - Up to 75
percent of plants infested in west-southwest, 1-6 larvae per plant. Infestation
primarily in very late corn. All stages present. Growth of corn may be
retarded. (111. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Light to heavy damage to corn and

few fields of grain sorghum over much of southern and central third of State.
From 5-55 percent of stand infested with 1-5 larvae in many fields. Moth

flight moderate in much of State. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - With L. exigua
infesting alfalfa at 50-150 per 100 sweeps in Red River, Bossier and Natchitoches
Parishes. (Oliver). KANSAS - Light to heavy in late-planted corn in
Pottawatomie and Jackson Counties. Larvae, all instars, in some heaviest
infested fields ranged 8-16 per plant. Some fields 100 percent infested.
(Burkhardt). Light to moderate in west central counties. (DePew). Light to
moderate in corn in 6 northeastern counties. (Matthew) .

CORN SAP BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Present but not numerous on sweetcorn. (Ins.-
Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugubris adults and larvae heavy on sweet
corn throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Abundant in sweet corn
ears. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - C. lugubris larvae and adults fairly
abundant in early sweet corn. (C. R. Neiswander, Triplehorn). UTAH - Infesting
sweet corn in southern localities. (Knowlton).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.)- KANSAS - Adults in several corn fields of 5
northeast counties. Counts of 1-7 beetles per plant with D. virgifera dominant
species. Few fields in Washington County with moderate lodging of stalks.
(Matthew). MISSOURI - Adults of D. longicornis common in silks and tassels of
corn and in heads of grain sorghums in central area especially along Missouri
River bottoms. (Kyd, Thomas). WISCONSIN - D. longicornis adults emerging in
southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). LOUISIANA —- Heavy infestation of D.
undecimpunctata howardi in corn in Avoyelles Parish. (Oliver). OREGON - D.
tndecimpunctata more numerous this year than in 1956 in WilTamette Valley.
Infestations on variety of hosts. Feeding damage to corn silks. (Capizzi,
July 29).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - This species in combination with
Macrosiphum granarium and R. fitchii on foliage of untreated oats at Presque Isle,
reduced in abundance by parasites and predators. (Shands). DELAWARE - Spotty in
whorls and tassels in New Castle County. Numerous many places, Kent and Sussex
Counties, involving field and sweet corn. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND -

Spotty infestations on corn in sections of Queen Annes and Baltimore Counties.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Medium on corn,spotted areas of Shenandoah
County. (Coiner). INDIANA - Abundant on corn and grain sorghum in Marshall,
Fountain and Morgan Counties. Some fields 10-15 percent infested. (Everly).
WISCONSIN - Rapidly increasing but somewhat less numerous than same time last
year in Rock, Dane, Green and Walworth Counties. About same number of plants
infested (32 percent). (Wis. Ins. Surv.). ARKANSAS - Infestations of possibly
R. maidis heavy in several grain sorghum fields over State. (Barnes et EltG)) 6
MISSoOuRI - On decline in heading grain sorghum. Later planted fields high
percent of plants infested, counts 50 to well over 1,000 per plant. Predators
reducing numbers some areas. (Munson). NEBRASKA - Heavy population most sorghum
and corn fields eastern and south central areas. (Andersen). KANSAS - Although
seemingly heavy in sorghum plant whorls, generally numbers decreasing throughout
State. (Matthew). UTAH - Damaging some fields of late spring barley in Sanpete
County. (Knowlton). IOWA - Reduced on corn and sorghum in southern area. More
numerous in northern area but expected to decline due to parasites and predators.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.).

- 638 -

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate general infestation on milo, Rowan County.
(Jones). WISCONSIN - Yellow pan traps indicate increase in populations of several
species. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). IDAHO - Parasites and predators have reduced
populations of Macrosiphum granarium below economic levels on most spring grains
throughout northern counties. (Waters, Gittins). Anuraphis bakeri rapidly
increasing in heads of red clover, Canyon County. (Waters).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Very heavy on witchgrass in
Claiborne Parish; counts 100-125 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - VIRGINIA - Damaging corn in eastern area.
(Hofmaster). TEXAS — Attacking sorghums and Sudangrass in Polk County.
(O'Brien).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Caused widespread damage
earlier in season. Conklin)

FLEA BEETLES - MARYLAND - Average over 10 per plant on sweet corn in Queen
Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Chaetocnema pulicaria heavy
on late sweet corn lower New Castle County. Wilt incidence high. Present on
much field corn in New Castle and northern Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
PENNSYLVANIA - Adults of C. pulicaria plentiful and feeding injury on corn
easily seen in York County. (Pepper).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - VIRGINIA - About
300 per sweep of alfalfa in a field in Albemarle County. (Scott). Present in
alfalfa in Henrico and Charlotte Counties. Predators in large numbers. (Morris,
Davis, Barbous). TENNESSEE - Low numbers across State on alfalfa. Conditions
similar to 1956 with a gradual buildup apparent. Serious infestations may
develop on newly sprouting alfalfa. (Mullett). GEORGIA - High counts in

Hart, Oconee and Cherokee Counties. (Johnson, July 26). ALABAMA —- In Marengo,
Pickens, Greene Counties. First time reported from this area. Counts 5-10

per sweep. (Grimes). ILLINOIS - None reported. (111. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI -
Slowly increasing in areas where heavy rains have not occurred in last two
weeks. Counts of 1-5 in central third of State. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA -
Moderately heavy in alfalfa in Red River and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver).
NEBRASKA - Building up in eastern counties with 180 per 100 sweeps in Lancaster
County. (Weekman). KANSAS - General increase, but no economically important
infestations found in northeast and north central counties. (Matthew). UTAH -
Present in Juab, Sanpete and Sevier Counties in moderate numbers; damage to
alfalfa in Beaver, Kane and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Increased
in Powers, Bent, Otero, and Crowley Counties. Taken at Fruita, Mesa County.

(Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). ARIZONA - No increase on alfalfa in Pinal County.

High predator counts. (AYriz. Coop. Rept.).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Moderately abundant in most succulent
alfalfa fields examined, Cache, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Beaver and Sevier Counties.
(Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Counts low on legumes in Republican Valley area,
averaging 160 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman, Andersen). IDAHO - Range 1-6 per
sweep on alfalfa in Powder and Bingham Counties. (Bishop) .

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) -— DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa, New Castle
County and increasing elsewhere. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Numbers
increasing on alfalfa and are rather heavy in Wyoming County. ((Gesell).
MARYLAND - Averaged 2-14 per sweep in third growth alfalfa in central area and
on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Severe damage to second and
third cutting alfalfa in northeastern counties. Counts of 0.5 to 2 per sweep.
(Weaver). WISCONSIN - Populations high and yellowing present many sections on
alfalfa. Counts average 12 adults and 7 nymphs per sweep in southern counties.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). MISSOURI - Populations declining all areas on alfalfa.
Counts of 1-3 nymphs and adults per sweep in central and northwest areas.
(Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA - Nymphal population on legumes extremely high in
eastern area, counts of 220-280 per 100 sweeps. Adults average. 320 per 100
sweeps in Republican Valley. (Andersen, Weekman) .

- 639 -

LEAFHOPPERS - ALABAMA —- Damaging alfalfa in Marengo County. (Grimes). LOUISIANA -
Intesting Bermudagrass at about 5,000 per 100 sweeps in Claiborne Parish.
(Oliver).

PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus nymphs and adults, and Lygus
lineolaris and Lygus sp. abundant in clovers and alfalfa, New Castle and Kent
Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Recent hatch of L. lineolaris, adults
and nymphs of A. rapidus and A. lineatus numerous most alfalfa fields. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - A. lineolatus building up in Republican Valley,
averaging 220 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman). IDAHO - Lygus bugs numerous all
untreated alfalfa fields, Canyon County. (Waters). Populations remain at or
below 3 per sweep in alfalfa seed fields in Custer, Bingham and Power Counties.
(Bishop). UTAH - Lygus bugs extremely abundant on alfalfa in Juab, Sanpete,
Sevier, Beaver and Utah Counties, causing some damage to seed crops. (Knowlton).
SOUTH DAKOTA - A. lineolatus abundant on alfalfa in east central region,
especially on fields left for seed and not treated. Populations up to 20

adults and nymphs per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). OREGON - High populations of
Lygus sp. in Josephine and Jackson Counties, counts averaged 35 per 10 sweeps
near Grants Pass 25 per 10 sweeps near Gold Hill and 75 per 10 sweeps in

Phoenix area. (Larson, July 29).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Larval populations 1-5 per sweep on
alfalfa in Power and Bingham Counties. Adult counts of 1 per sweep, or less.
Slight injury some fields. (Bishop). Larval populations declining in Idaho
Falls area. (Kohl). OREGON - Populations low in Josephine and Jackson
Counties. (Larson, July 29).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - DELAWARE - Abundant in alfalfa central Kent
County, E. pestifera causing light injury to soybeans some areas, Kent County.
(Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA - Damaging alfalfa in Dallas and Marengo Counties.
(Hays, Grimes).

A CHALCID - (Bruchophagus sp.) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting alfalfa seed
heads in Bossier Parish, many 100 percent infested. (Oliver).

WEBWORMS - ILLINOIS - Loxostege spp. webbing alfalfa in west and west-southwest,
areas. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). IOWA - Large numbers on alfalfa in Guthrie County.

- Heavy moth flight indicates wide infestation. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). KANSAS -
Loxostege similalis injuring alfalfa in north central and northeastern counties.
(Matthew). MISSOURI - L. similalis heavy and damaging on alfalfa over much

of western half of State. In west central area entire fields almost totally
destroyed. Counts of 1-15 per sweep. Heavy damage to weedy fields of small
soybeans in west central area. Moth flight heavy over western and northern
areas. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - L. similalis heavy in alfalfa with 100-200
per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches, Red River and Bossier Parishes. Celama
sorghiella infesting grain sorghum in Franklin Parish; averaging 4 larvae per
head. (Oliver).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE - Larvae and adults
numerous in alfalfa, Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). LOUISIANA - Taken with
Heliothis zea and Trichoplusia ni from alfalfa at 20-50 per 100 sweeps in Red
River and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver). NEBRASKA - Heavy population continues in
alfalfa fields in eastern area, counts 600-750 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Abundant in alfalfa and clovers,
generally. Destructive to soybeans, Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) —- DELAWARE - Adults numerous in
alfalfa and clovers, New Castle County. (@Milliron, Conrad).

FIELD CRICKETS - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations along roadsides and in some
alfalfa fields in northern Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

- 640 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - GEORGIA - On alfalfa in
Oconee County at 120 per 100 sweeps. (July 26, Johnson). ALABAMA — Damaging
alfalfa in Dallas County. Counts 46 per 100 sweeps. (Hays). ARKANSAS -
Migrating from alfalfa at the University Farm. Damage still apparent. (Barnes,
et al.). LOUISIANA - In alfalfa and soybeans at 50-500 per 100 sweeps in East
Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, Avoyelles, Bossier and Red River Parishes. (Oliver).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - MINNESOTA - Summer brood emergence
during mid July from fallow fields in Red River Valley. Migration to new
seedling sweetclover. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Causing economic damage to red clover
fields in Yamhill and Polk Counties. (Every).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adults continue high some red
clover fields, Canyon County. (Waters). Populations generally high on new
seedling alfalfa in Burley and Rupert areas; preventing regrowth of second
cutting alfalfa for hay. Damage moderate to heavy. (Barr).

CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - IDAHO - Counts of 10-15 larvae and
pupae per root some fields. Eggs and adults also present. (Waters).

A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Migrating into red clover in
Willamette Valley. Control warranted many fields. (Every, July 29).

SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus atlanticus severe numerous places and

T. telarius heavy some locations on Soybeans in Kent and Sussex Counties.
(Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Continue to be a problem on soybeans on

Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light to severe on soybeans
in Northampton County fields. (Nottingham). NORTH CAROLINA —- General moderate
infestation on peanuts in Hertford County. (Ballentine). T. telarius moderate
to severe generally on peanuts in Bertie County. (Dogger, Farrier). IDAHO -
T. telarius appearing almost all red clover fields in small numbers and in

Tew isolated fields in large numbers throughout Canyon County. (Waters).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - Severe on soybeans and
county-wide problem in Norfolk County (Wood). Heavy damage to soybeans some
sections around Great Bridge. (Wood, Hofmaster). DELAWARE - Moderate to
extensive damage on soybeans, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). INDIANA -
Common on soybeans in Newton County. (Gould).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Damaging soybeans in New Castle
and Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). INDIANA - In Newton County, small
numbers on soybeans and silks of corn; population lower than previous week.
(Gould).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaged 300
acres of soybeans in Hampton County. (Nettles, July 24).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - LOUISIANA - Building up on
soybeans in southern area, as far north as Bunkie. (Oliver).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting soybeans
in Avoyelles and Rapides Parishes. (Oliver).

- 641 -

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Emergence increased, very high
numbers trapped in neglected orchards. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Popula-
tions light at Grays Mills in Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) - OREGON - Light infestation near Albany
July 25. Infestation 25-30 miles from previously known infestation near Gervais.
(Thompson) .

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Becoming active some orchards

in central area. (Ins.-Dis. News.). PENNSYLVANIA - Entering apples in York and
Adams Counties. (Pepper). INDIANA - Third-brood larval entries on apples
expected about August 1 in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - Entries in

fruit reduced in Carbondale area. (Chandler). MICHIGAN - Summer brood peak
flight in 5 southwestern counties July 22, in Ionia-Kent area July 26-31 and
emerged in Grand Traverse County area July 29 with 70 percent pupation.
(Hutson). MISSOURI - No reports of activity, control apparently good. (Wkly.
Rept. Fr. Gr.). WISCONSIN - Populations light with occasional new entries at
Grays Mills, Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). OREGON - Second-brood adults
emerging in Willamette Valley July 23. (Jones).

ORCHARD MITES - INDIANA - Panonychus ulmi* abundant emough to damage many apple
orchards before harvest in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). Considerable populations
at Orleans. (Marshall). IOWA - Spider mites approaching peak populations in
untreated fruit plantings. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - P. ulmi present but
appparantly outnumbered by predators at Grays Mills, Crawford County. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.). DELAWARE -— Continued troublesome some apple orchards generally.
(MacCreary). PENNSYLVANIA - Still present many apple orchards in York and Adams
Counties. (Pepper). UTAH - Tetranychus mcdanieli becoming very numerous,
primarily on apple trees. (Davis). P. ulmi damaging some Cache County apple
orchards. (Nielsen). CALIFORNIA - Epitrimerus pyri heavy two Bartlett pear
orchards El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

A MILKWEED BEETLE (Tetraopes femoratus) - OREGON - Beetles severely infested one
block of 700 apple trees at Milton-Freewater. Foliage and terminals of branches
cut off July 18. (Brown).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ILLINOIS - First brood feeding. Egg
laying continues on apples in Carbondale area. Very noticeable in unsprayed
orchards. Reduction in numbers jarred from untreated peach orchard, but
decidedly more than 1956. (Chandler).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MASSACHUSETTS - Second brood
active earlier than usual. Third brood may appear in late varieties of applies.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae present some orchards in York
and Adams Counties. (Pepper). ILLINOIS - Another brood will start soon in
Carbondale area; many moths and pupae. Very severe infestation in Jersey County
near Elsah. (Chandler). MICHIGAN - Heavy spotted populations in orchards from
Indiana line to Frankfort where control not complete in first brood. (Hutson,
July 26). MISSOURI - Numbers of pupae in orchards and adults around lights.
(Wkly. Rept. Fr. Gr.). WISCONSIN - Populations light at Grays Mills, Crawford
County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - OREGON - Larvae infesting up to
5 percent of apple, cherry and prune trees many orchards at Milton-Freewater
in mid-July. Foliage heavily damaged. (Brown, July 29). IOWA - Defoliating
walnuts and apple trees over State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - INDIANA - Clustering on ripe peaches at
Vincennes. (Hamilton).

*Ehara, S. 1956. Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Sci. 6, Zool. 12: 499-500.

- 642 -

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Numbers trapped daily in
heavily infested orchard at Vincennes decreasing. Counts in 5 traps 148 from
July 22 to 28 compared with 572 from July 15 to 21. (Hamilton). Larval entries
in twigs increased about July 27 at Orleans. (Marshall).

PEAR SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - IDAHO - Common on pear and cherry trees in south-
eastern area. Serious damage few cases. (Bishop). One 15 acre commercial

pear orchard near Pocatello 50 percent defoliated.

WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - OREGON - Thirty-
five adults picked up on sticky board traps in Malheur County near Weiser,
Idaho, in mid-June. New county record. (Larson).

CICADAS - UTAH - Moderately abundant many localities; occasional damage to young
fruit trees in central and southern orchards. (Knowlton).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Two adults trapped in
Sonoma and Napa areas, 22nd and 23rd of season. One first collection of year in
Napa County and one from an area not previously known infested. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae widespread on various
hosts. (Stoner). Particularly noted on apple at Kingston (Lenartorwicz).
DELAWARE - Activity conspicuous on wild cherry in northern New Castle County.
(Milliron, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Larvae, about third instar, relatively light

on several species of trees in widespread areas. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NORTH
DAKOTA - Scattered widespread infestations on fruit and shade trees. (N. D. Ins.
Rept.). LOUISIANA - Numerous on pecan over State; up to 6 clusters per tree.
(Oliver). TEXAS - Light to medium widespread populations on pecan trees in

Red R.ver County. (Herschler). OREGON - Common in backyard trees in Willamette
Valley, particularly walnut. (Goeden, July 29).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - IOWA - Defoliating walnut and apple trees
over State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

A PECAN SPITTLEBUG - ILLINOIS - Moderate infestation in old trees in Union County
after several years of absence. (Chandler).

GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - MICHIGAN - Second brood practically
complete in Lawton-Matteawan-Paw Paw area. (Hutson, July 26).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Adult male trapped 2 miles
east of San Ysidro border gate ,One quarter mile north of International line.
No pupae or fruit infestation found. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations
spreading from peppertree to lemon trees in Moorpark and Camarillo area of Ventura
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida - Activity of PURPLE SCALE declined
with further reduction expected. New hatch will begin about August 5. Further
reduction of FLORIDA RED SCALE activity with new hatch beginning during first

week of August. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)* activity continued to decline
with further reduction expected. CITRUS RUST MITE activity increased to record
high level on leaves and fruit. A declining trend will begin first two weeks of
August but level will remain very high until mid-September. (Pratt, Thompson,
Johnson, July 29).

*Ehara, S. 1956 Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Sci. 6, Zool. 12: 499-500.

643 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGEWORMS - MASSACHUSETTS - Building up on cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). WISCONSIN - Populations of Trichoplusia ni quite
numerous earlier, second generation may cause considerable trouble. Pieris

rapae caused heavy damage and loss in Outagamie and other counties where controls
not applied. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - DELAWARE - Severe injury caused by Acalymma vittata to
squash and cantaloup several places in Kent and Sussex Counties, and prevalent
On pumpkin-squash same general area. Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi common
on asparagus places in New Castle and Kent Counties. Feeding on peppers some
places in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SQUASH BUGS - DELAWARE - All stages of Anasa tristis and A. armigera numerous
on squash in Sussex County. Eggs of A. armigera abundant on cantaloup and
watermelon same area. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - A. tristis more abundant
than usual on curcubits most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - DELAWARE - Severe on squash at numerous
places in southern half of State. (Milliron, Conrad).

APHIDS - MASSACHUSETTS - Building up on cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and vine
crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). MAINE - Populations of Aphis abbreviata,
Macrosiphum solanifolii, Myzus persicae and Myzus solani/ continued to increase
sharply on untreated plantings at Presque Isle. Numbers appreciable some early
plantings. Natural control agencies increased materially in untreated plantings.
(Shands). COLORADO - Populations beginning to develop in certified potato fields
in Rio Grande, Alamosa and Costilla Counties. Control should be improved.

(Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - Brevicoryne brassicae abundant on 5,000 acres of rape in
Lewis County; damage minor. (Dailey). Severely infesting tomato plantings in
Moscow area. (Barr). M. pisi general on 10,000 acres peas, Lewis Co. (Dailey).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - High populations on tomatoes in
Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). DELAWARE - Numerous in commercial pepper planting,
Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - DELAWARE - Common on tomatoes central
Kent County; spotty some places Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Second-generation eggs
appearing in southern area on field crops. (Ins.-Dis. News.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Adults plentiful most potato fields in York County. (Pepper).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) -— WISCONSIN - Low populations
in Portage and Outagamie Counties. Larvae in fourth instar. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
DELAWARE - Active some tomatoes in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
IDAHO - Adults appearing at Aberdeen. Scattered infestations northern Bingham
County. Infestations in Butte and Custer Counties rare. (Bishop). Late
instars active some fields Idaho Falls area; some spraying in progress. (Kohl).

POTATO PYSLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults abundant in Conejos,
Costilla, Alamosa and Rio Grande Counties. Evidence of first generation emerging.
Control recommended. (Exp. Sta.).

FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Damaging some potato fields in Sanpete and Sevier Counties.
(Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Second-generation larvae of E. cucumeris building up and
fairly heavy in Waupaca County. Conditions may be similar elsewhere. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.). IDAHO - Populations of E. subcrinita range from 1-10 per sweep in

potato fields in southeastern area. Higher counts in Custer County. (Bishop).
MAINE - Few summer brood Epitrix cucumeris observed one field near Presque Isle.
(Shands) .

- 644 -

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy populations on potatoes
in east central area. Considerable "hopper-burn" noted. (Hantsbarger).

WISCONSIN - "Hopper-burn" worst observed on potatoes for long time in untreated
southeastern area. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - Continues prevalent on potatoes
some places, and on beans in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous reports
of aster yellows in flax in northeast. (Lofgren). MICHIGAN - Collections high
with widespread disease infection of head lettuce and celery; apparently a good
year. (Hutson, July 25). WISCONSIN - Continued unusually abundant with much
loss in carrots, lettuce and celery caused by aster yellows virus. Purple top
also a problem in potatoes. Problems resulting from six-spotted leafhopper most
serious in many years, over a decade at least. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

LEAFHOPPERS - VIRGINIA - More numerous than for some time in Norfolk area,
especially on beans. Species primarily Empoasca fabae. (Hofmaster).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey in northern tomato
fields completed. Curly top damage very slight. Highest loss 5 percent in field
at Newman, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Second-generation adults
emerging in Morgan and Otero Counties. Eggs numerous. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.).
IDAHO,- Adults increasing at Parma. (Waters). Adults common in alfalfa field
margins bordering sugar beet fields in Power County. Some egg laying commencing
on sugar beets with approximately 5 percent hatched. (Schow et al.). No
infestations in Bingham County. (Bishop).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) -—- NEW JERSEY - Injury appearing on
tomatoes. (Ins.-Dis. News.). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Heavy infestations on raspberry
Plantings in Durham July 22. (Conklin). VIRGINIA - Infestations light to severe
many tomato fields in Northumerland County. (Nottingham). DELAWARE - Severe on
beans generally. Very destructive on cucurbits some locations in Sussex County.
(Milliron, Conrad). OREGON - Building up on hops in Willamette Valley, July 29.
(Brown).

SPIDER MITES - VIRGINIA - Still heavy on truck crops in Norfolk area. (Hofmaster).
DELAWARE - Tetranychus atlanticus heavy on lima beans in southern half of State;
spotty northward. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Building up on lima beans on
Lower Shore. Watermelons and vine crops hard hit. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO -
Infestations spotty several hosts in Idaho Falls areas. Damage to potatoes

light. (Kohl, Peay).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - MICHIGAN - Attacking tomatoes at Sodus, Baroda
and Stevensville, July 22. (Hutson).

TORTOISE BEETLES - DELAWARE - Metriona bicolor moderately destructive on sweet-
potatoes in association with M. bivittata in Southern Sussex County. (Milliron,
Conrad). : =

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ALABAMA - Damaging sweetpotatoes
in Geneva County. (Grimes).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Crioceris asparagi abundant many sections with
C. duodecimpunctata present and less numerous. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE -
Common throughout State. (Late News).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common on lima beans several
locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

SERPENTINE LEAF MINERS - VIRGINIA - Numbers temporarily decreased but increasing
again on beans, field peas, cucumbers, cantaloups and tomatoes in Norfolk area.
(Hofmaster).

- 645 -

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs and larvae of
second brood present. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). DELAWARE - Destructive on lima

beans in southern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). UTAH - Severe damage many
gardens and some commercial beans in several counties. (Knowlton). MICHIGAN -
Adults emerging in numbers at Sodus. (Hutson). COLORADO - Control difficult,
populations getting out of hand some areas. (Exp. Sta.).

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - OREGON - Populations continue higher than normal in
Willamette Valley on beans; control necessary. (Every, July 29). DELAWARE -
Injurious generally on lima beans. (Milliron, Conrad).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - WISCONSIN - Moderate to severe on onions and
persistant on cabbage. Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - OREGON - Infestations appear light in Lake
Labish area of Marion County. (Crowell, July 29). WISCONSIN - Caused nearly
total losses some fields even when some treatments applied. Damage widespread.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). IDAHO - Third-generation adults numerous in untreated fields
in Canyon County. Eggs and first instar larvae appearing. (Scott).

A MINT LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - INDIANA - Few second-generation larvae present
on row mint. (Gould).

HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - OREGON - Economic infestations most hop fields in
Willamette Valley. (Morrison, July 29).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - VIRGINIA - Outbreak occurred

on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). WISCONSIN - Considerably less numerous than in
1956 in central area. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

STRAWBERRY ROOTWORM (Paria fragariae) - ARKANSAS - Adults heavy some fields of
strawberries. Heavy foliage damage occurred few fields. (Barnes et al.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Infestations general all tobacco
growing counties. Heavy some fields. Aerial treatment continuing. Mortality
from heat and predators increasing. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - VIRGINIA - Counts dropped slightly in light traps
in Pittsylvania County. Larvae hatching and control being applied. (Dominick).
PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate damage to 20 percent of tobacco on 3 acres in Lycoming
County. Larvae mature and left plants. (Gesell).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Noticeably active in
Beaufort and Green Counties week of July 19. (Scott).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthomonus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Average percent infestation
12.6 in treated fields and 58.9 in untreated fields. (Jones et ale) peeIay;
numerous in lower southeastern areas. Migration well underway in Scotland }
County. (Ins. Notes). GEORGIA - Infested squares ranged from 8-89 percent with
average of 38 percent in 49 fields in 15 northeast, northwest and northern counties.
All fields infested. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Migration begun in Coastal
Plain counties. Infestation counts more than doubled some fields. (Cott. Lett.).
Infestations in 3 experimental fields in Florence County averaged 86 percent in
untreated plots compared with 65 last week and 46 percent in treated plots
compared with 33 percent last week. General migration apparently not underway.
(Walker et al.). ALABAMA - Percent infestations increased considerably in

State. Average square infestation 67.2 percent in 31 fields checked in 6 west

- 646 -

central counties. (Grimes). TENNESSEE -
Some increase in western area. Average
in infested fields 27 percent compared
with 22 percent last week. Some local
migration. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI -
Infestations average 5.2 percent in 19
treated fields in delta counties.
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Infestat-
ions averaged 29 percent in treated
fields and 55 percent in untreated fields
at Tallulah, with overall infestation
31 percent. Infestations averaged 14
percent in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.).
Square infestations were 27 percent in
Concordia Parish, 32 percent in Catahoula
Parish, 13 percent in Ouachita Parish,
20 percent in Bossier Parish, 26 percent
in Caddo Parish, 25 percent in Natchi-
Square Infestations as of July 26 toches Parish and 21 percent in Rapides
Parish. (Oliver).
ARKANSAS - Infestations increasing most areas. Overall picture good for first of
August. Activity expected to continue to increase. Of 2830 fields inspected,
80.9 percent infested compared with 78.4 last week and 85.7 percent a year ago.
Highest average infestations 26.8 percent in Hempstead and Miller Counties.
(Barnes et al.). MISSOURI - Light marginal infestations from 1-5 percent Squares
punctured in 24 of 476 fields scouted. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Average infesta-
tion low, 1.8 in treated fields and 6.2 in untreated fields, with average of 3.7
percent in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.) .Light to medium generally.
(Turney, July 26). OKLAHOMA - Low populations most areas. Some fields as much
as 12 percent damage in McCurtain County. No more than 5 percent other counties.
(Flora, July 27).

1 1-5% \ 27% fovagenaae AES,

~ 1 “
ee
AAPA } ‘

are cl ! \ _
31g, 5% 67%\38%

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - TEXAS - Light to heavy infestations several
areas. (Turney, Martin, July 26). Eggs averaged 26.5 and larvae 7.9 per 100 ter-
minals in irrigated or succulent fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Square
damage averaged 10.8 percent. (Parencia et al.). GEORGIA - Six to 9 eggs per
100 terminals in Madison and Oconee Counties. Moderate infestations in Elbert,
Walton, Oconee and Coweta Counties; and heavy in Newton County. (Johnson).

NORTH CAROLINA - Increasing, 8 larvae per 100 terminals one area in Union County.
(Ins.Notes). SOUTH CAROLINA - Increasing in eastern half of State. (Cott.Lett.).
Slight increase in Florence area. (Walker et al.). ALABAMA - Infestations
spotty. Percent infestation averaged 2.3 in 24 infested fields in 6 west cen-
tral counties. (Grimes). TENNESSEE - Some damage most fields in western area.
(Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Extremely spotted infestations in delta counties. Eggs
averaged 3.7 and larvae 1.2 per 100 terminals. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA -
Eggs and larvae appearing most fields at Tallulah. (Smith et al.). Infestations
generally low over State. Increased moth activity very apparent. Heaviest
population in Bossier Parish where 20 eggs and 5 larvae per 100 terminals and
squares found. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Generally light infestations. (Barnes

et al.). MISSOURI - Egg and larval counts increased. Of 476 fields inspected,
166 infested. Counts ranged from 0-7 eggs and O-7 larvae per 100 terminals.
Predators active and effective. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA —- Light bollworm

counts generally. Egg counts high some areas. As many as 60 or 70 per 100 ter-
minals some areas. Heavy populations may occur. (Flora, July 27). ARIZONA -
Populations generally increasing most areas, Maricopa to Pima County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept., July 26). CALIFORNIA - Damage becoming more apparent with counts
ranging from 1-6 per 100 terminals in San Joaquin Valley. Some injury to
squares, but generally below economic level. Predators remain active. (Cal.
Cott. Lett.)

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Infestations moderate to heavy in 15 counties, (Johnson) .
NORTH CAROLINA - Appearing some fields many areas. (Ins. Notes). ALABAMA -
Light infestations of Aphis gossypii most fields over State. (Grimes).

- 647 -

TENNESSEE - Heavy on single plants within field in western area. (Locke).
MISSISSIPPI - Medium to heavy infestation in 2 of 20 fields in delta counties.
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Infestations generally light in Madison Parish.
(Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Populations slightly above normal this season. Few
heavy infestations in scattered areas. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Infestations
increased several fields under heavy treatment for bollworm control in McLennan
and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Populations generally light.
(Flora, July 27).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - General and widespread damage to cotton by

Tetranychus telarius in Cleveland County. (Mistric). Generally increased.
Extensive damage areas in Union, Johnson, and Hertford Counties. (Ins. Notes).

GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy infestations in 15 counties. (Johnson). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Spotted infestations in several fields in Florence area. (Walker

et al.). Active most counties. (Cott. Lett.). ALABAMA - Infestations on
cotton increasing in 6 west central counties. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Light
in 3 of 20 fields examined in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). ARKANSAS - Very
few light infestations, some heavy spots in northeastern area. (Barnes et al.).
TEXAS - Infestations increased in several fields under heavy treatment for
bollworm in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy
populations in Harmon and Cotton Counties. Control applied. (Flora, July 27).
ARIZONA - Light to moderate infestations appearing in Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept., July 26). CAL.-Generally increasing in San Joaquin Valley. (Cal.Cott.Lett.)

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light in central, south plains and
northwest areas and medium to heavy in coastal bend and upper coastal areas.
(Turney, Martin, July 26). SOUTH CAROLINA - Activity increased some. (Cott.
Lett.). ALABAMA - Defoliating cotton in southern and central areas. (Grimes) .
LOUISIANA - Considerable numbers in cotton in southwest area. (Oliver).
ARIZONA - Heavily infesting 3 fields in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations several areas. (Turney,
Martin, July 26). Infestations low in treated fields; heavy enough to warrant
control in very few untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia
et al.). OKLAHOMA - Populations range from very light to very heavy all areas.
Some fields from 20 to 60 or 70 per 100 terminals. Most fields show minimum of
blasted squares. (Flora, July 27). ARIZ.-Decided decrease. (Ariz.Coop.Rept.).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Populations generally light. (Turney, Martin, July 26).
ARIZONA - Populations high number of fields from Maricopa to Pima County.
Visible damage to small squares and blooms. (Ariz. Coop. Rept., July 26).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Numbers increasing
on cotton in Pinal County, heavy damage in center of some fields. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept.).

PLANT BUGS - TENNESSEE - Considerable increase many fields; some injury to young
Squares in western area. (Locke). ARIZONA - Lygus spp. populations from 30-40
per 100 sweeps in Maricopa County, 5-18 in Pinal County and 2-35 in Pima County
week ending July 26. Damaging in Duncan area, Greenlee County and probably
moderate to high all growing areas. Over 11,000 acres treated in Pinal County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Populations of Lygus bugs generally higher
because of increase of nymphs in San Joaquin Valley. Flower injury common.
Populations continue heavy many fields in southeastern desert area. (Cal. Cott.
Lett.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Present in Walterboro-St.
George area, defoliating plants. (Cott. Lett.). LOUISIANA - Found over western
half of State. No heavy populations, but moth activity indicates may be problem
later. (Oliver). MISSOURI - First larvae taken during week. (Adkisson). TEXAS -
Infestations heavy enough to warrant control few scattered fields in McLennan and
Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.).

(queTeAtnbs ito sdurtdwes yser} uta uo pasrg)

. 9ATZCSON - GALOTdSNI *
zs6t ‘tT Atne ‘yasn ‘suv ‘uotstata :
[O1}U0D 4Sed jUeTd UT peredead dep SeTdmes 003409 PITM - LHDIT AWTA 03 FOVUL wexXKXx

Teysnq ted ssatT 10 -vAreT aud - LHOIT 03 ZOVUL ———

Teysng tad avAreT OT 0} 900 - ONINGLVSUHL “i
Teysnq rad avAreT oot 07 ven - quaass GF
Teysng tad avArIe—T OOT 19A0 - (SSOT OTWOU[Dq) - AAVAH ae

- 648 -

2S6l AYVANVF AO SV SNOILVLSA4SNI WYOM11098 ANid 4O SNLVLS

- 649 -

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestations continued heavy
parts of lower valley and light in coastal bend and southwest areas. (Turney ,
Martin, July 26). Inspections in McLennan and Falls Counties resulted in 9 and
1.6 percent infested bolls respectively. Larvae per boll averaged 1.4 in

McLennan County and 1.2 in Falls County. (Parencia et al.). ARIZONA - Inspection
of approximately 111,000 blooms on over 1300 acres in Cochise, Graham and
Greenlee Counties was negative. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - WISCONSIN - Infestations were heavy in
Sheboygan County and light in Fond du Lac, Portage and Waushara Counties, but
heavy defoliation occurred in larch stands across northern part of State.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - TEXAS - Medium local infestation
on pine in Marion County. (Fuiler).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - KANSAS - Activity generally ceased.
Active feeding continues many areas of eastern third of State (Brady, Calkins)
and on few elm trees in Pottawatomie and Leavenworth Counties. (Thompson) .
VIRGINIA - Damage to evergreens very heavy this summer in Norfolk area.
(Hofmaster). DELAWARE - Severely defoliating sycamore at several places in Kent
and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy on evergreens and
deciduous trees and shrubs most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudosugata) - COLORADO - Seriously
defoliating Colorado spruce in Denver. (Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - Larvae collected

in Craters of the Moon National Monument area. Extends range of known distribution
in State. (Barr).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Larvae completing first
instar as far north as Manton. (Hutson, July 26).

ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - INDIANA - Adults emerged August 1
at LaPorte. (Schuder).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Populations heavy in red and
white pine plantations in northeast with few adults emerging. Populations in
Monroe County in white pine shelterbelt were 47 percent larvae, 47 percent pupae
and 6 percent adults on July 20. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SPRUCE APHID (Aphis abietina) - OREGON - Damage extensive in Gold Beach area.
(Every, July 29).

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - WISCONSIN - Numerous in southwestern and
eastern parts of Menominee Indian Reservation. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor continues destructive on various
oaks throughout State. Various ornamental spruces severely infested by O.
ununguis throughout southern Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
INDIANA - O. milleri infesting red pine at LaPorte. (Schuder). PENNSYLVANIA -
Numbers of Tetranychus telarius increasing generally on many hosts. Severe on
roses in Westmoreland County. (Udine, July 23).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy infestation
of adults on tulip tree at Scituate. (Mathewson).

SPITTLEBUGS - COLORADO - Clastoptera arborina and C. osborni abundant on juniper
and oak at Air Academy Site in El Paso County. (Colo. Ins. Det. Comm.).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - MICHIGAN - Summer brood
appearing in numbers July 24. (Hutson) .

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OREGON - Infestations prevalent
throughout Willamette Valley. Severe skeletonization many trees. Control applied
many trees. (Loring, Sprowls, July 29).

LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Thousands on side of
house in Rowan County. (Corriher, Weisman). FLORIDA - All stages averaged 1000
per tree on elm at Bradenton, Manatee County. (Kelsheimer, July 17).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on mimosa and honeylocust
in southern counties and on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GALL WASPS - OREGON - Killing twigs of oak in Wasco County, species probably
Bassettia ligni. Extensive damage in Willamette Valley. (Goeden, Every, July 29).

SAWFLIES -— OREGON - Adults of possibly Fenusa pusilla emerging in large numbers
from birch in Portland area. Additional nursery and home planted birch now
infested. (Larson, Goeden, July 29).

COTTONWOOD BORER (Plectrodora scalator) - KANSAS - Causing serious injury to
poplar trees several counties in southwestern area. Beetles numerous some areas.
(Thompson) .

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Present in very small
numbers as result of webb cutting program and weather conditions. (Conklin).

IO MOTH (Automeris io) - COLORADO - Numbers of larvae on mountain mahogany in
Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Destructive some areas in
Shenandoah County (Coiner) and damage is heavy in southeastern area but decreasing
(Rowell). Very severe damage cuased locally to sycamore, blackberry and grapes

in Sydnorsville area of Franklin County and one area in Wise Céunty. (Dickson,
McCormick). RHODE ISLAND - Numbers and damage increasing over State. (Hannah,
Stoner). IOWA - Collected in number of traps at Ft. Madison. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Oncometopia undata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliation of ornamental
trees locally in Martin County. (Eason, Young).

A MIDGE (Oligotrophus betheli) - OREGON - Damaged ornamental juniper in Portland
area in fall 1956. Det. R. H. Foote. (Goeden).

LESSER BULB FLY (Eumerus tuberculatus) - IDAHO - Larvae appearing in commercial
bulbs in Canyon County. (Scott).

A LEAF TIER (Pyrausta thestealis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to violet beds in
Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

CHAIN-SPOTTED GEOMETER (Cingilia catenaria) - RHODE ISLAND - Important local
infestation at Matunuck on many hosts. (Caroselli).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

ag! - Pa ae coat - Numerous reports attacking people in homes and yards. (Minn.
ns. Rept.

MOSQUITOES - ALABAMA - Following species prevalent in Lee County: Culex quinque-
fasciatus, C. salinarius, C. pilosus, Aedes vexans, Psorophora confinnis, P.

discolor and Anopheles crucians. (Bargren) .

- 651 -

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 153 per head on untreated cattle
in 2 Montgomery County herds on July 23 and 151 on July 30. (Hargett).

STABLE FLY (Stomxys calcitrans) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Severe in east central area.
(Rogoff). VIRGINIA - Averaged 3 per head on cattle in 2 Montgomery County herds on
July 23 and 5 on July 30. (Hargett).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations in coastal
counties, including Hampton County. (Nettles, July 24). NORTH CAROLINA -
Severely infested calf in Lincoln County. Slaughtering necessary. (Yoder).
IOWA - Appeared in Wapello County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

A SARCOPHAGID (Wohlfahrtia vigil) - MINNESOTA - Larvae excised by physician from
pustules on side of child’s neck in Twin City area. Det. by Dept. of Ent.,
U. of Minn. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

TABANIDS - UTAH - Annoyance increased several counties. Condition developed
later than usual. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Tabanus sulcifrons appearing on cattle
many central areas. (Matthew).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting 150
bushels of stored potatoes in Pitt County. (Winchester).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A LACEWING - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on wild cherry in Westmoreland County.
(Udine).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Orius insidiosus) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 1 per 50 sweeps
on cotton at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, July 10).

PREDATORS (Collops quadrimaculatis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Beetles common on alfalfa
in east central and northeastern areas. Populations from 1-2 per 10 sweeps.
(Hantsbarger).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CARPENTER ANTS -— NEW HAMPSHIRE - Particularly troublesome in houses throughout
State this season. (Conklin).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Increasingly trouble-
some in Rockingham and Strafford Counties, especially at Dover and Portsmouth.
(Conklin). COLORADO - Damaging numbers in Boulder County. (Exp. Sta.).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - ARIZONA - Continuing numerous and annoying in
Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A DRY WOOD TERMITE (Kalotermes minor) - OKLAHOMA - Taken from several rooms in a
house in Guthrie. First report for State. Det. T. E. Snyder. (Bieberdorf).

- 652 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

SOUTH CAROLINA - CABBAGE LOOPER damaging terminal foliage of cotton in 5 west
central counties. SPIDER MITES especially damaging cotton in Anderson,
Spartanburg and Pickens Counties. APHIDS moderate to heavy on cotton in
Edgefield, Aiken and Saluda Counties, July 22. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - First
real damage noted at Clemson. BILLBUG damage to corn in large acreage in
Florence County. Poor stands due to this insect in Marion County; in combina-
tion with corn rootworms cuased considerable loss to stands in Williamsburg
County. LACE BUGS heavily infesting pecan trees at Dillon. (Nettles).

NEW YORK - SPIDER MITES building up substantially in peach, prune and apple
orchards, Niagara County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths readily flushed from
corn in field in Ulster and Columbia Counties. FALL ARMYWORM in whorl-stage
corn north of Kinderhook in Hudson Valley. CORN EARWORM in all stages in
Hudson Valley without marked increase. Ears from some fields ranged up to
about 30 percent infested. ARMYWORM moths collected for 2 nights in Hudson
Valley totaled 1,140, an unusually high figure. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

OKLAHOMA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in northwestern area. Scattered
fields with counts of 100-400 per 10 sweeps. One field Grant County with
700-1000 per 10 sweeps. Predators abundant most areas. (Coppock, Hudson).
Control applied in Durant area. (Meharg). Range populations of GRASSHOPPERS
generally light in northwestern and panhandle counties. Marginal damage to
sorghums and alfalfa noticeable in many areas. Control applied some areas.
(Coppock, Hudson, Owens). Very low populations of Loxostege spp. in panhandle
and light to medium in other northwestern counties with some damage most fields.
CORN EARWORM almost non-exsistent on sorghum in the panhandle, very light on
corn and alfalfa in northwestern counties. FALL ARMYWORM generally light in corn,
sorghum and alfalfa in northwest. (Coppock, Hudson, Owens). CORN LEAF APHID
generally heavy. Up to thousands per whorl on sorghums in northwestern and
panhandle counties. Predators and dry weather reducing populations. TARNISHED
PLANT BUG common in most alfalfa throughout State. Counts of 10-40 nymphs and
adults per 10 sweeps common. BLISTER BEETLES increasing in alfalfa fields.
(Coppock, Hudson). Anacentrinus deplanatus on broom corn in Garvin County.
Larvae, pupae, adults found; 10 percent of plants damaged. (Henderson).

MELON APHID heavy on cucumbers in Stillwater area. (Bieberdorf). LEAFWORMS
medium heavy on cotton in Caddo, Kiowa and surrounding counties. Averaged over
3 larvae per leaf in field near Anadarko, damage severe. All instars present.
(Bryan). Increasing in Bryan County. (Vick). LOOPERS on cotton light,
widespread and increasing. BOLLWORM egg counts in Anadarko area low. APHIDS on
cotton generally light but widespread in all areas. BOLL WEEVIL Less than one
percent punctures in Caddo County. MITES on cotton generally light in scattered
fields in southwest. (Bryan). HORN FLY decreasing rapidly in northwestern
area. (Coppock).

FRI IR RK IRI I OK I A OK KK OK

(Weather Continued from Page 634)

and Oregon. Heavy hail, rain and strong winds caused an estimated 1 million dollar
damage to crops in Lac Qui Parle County, Minnesota, on the lst, while on the 3lst
violent local thunderstorms in Massachusetts brought hail and lightning damage to
some areas in that State.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud.

unip.

ALABAMA (Counties) _
De Kalb 7/27 ,30;8/1/57 PAs)

Lee 7/27 ,30;8/1/57 83
ARKANSAS

Clarksville 7/16-27/57

Hope 7/25-31/57 1

*Morrillton7/25-31/57 3

Varner 7/25-31/57 17
GEORGIA (Counties)

Spalding 7/26-8/1/57 122

Tift 7/22 ,24,26/57 30
ILLINOIS

Urbana 7/25-31/57 425
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 7/23-29/57 252

Tippecanoe 7/26-31/57 675
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge 7/26-8/1/57 112

Curtis 7/25-30/57 98
MARYLAND (Counties)

Montgomery 7/26-8/1/57 8

Wicomico 7/23-29/57 2
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 7/26-31/57 16

Senatobia 7/27-8/2/57 it

State College 7/27-8/2 118
*Stoneville 7/26-8/1/57 192
MISSOURI
Columbia 7/29-8/3
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Lancaster 7/22-27/57 1051

Lincoln 7/18-24/57 98
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Duplin 8/1/57 78

Johnston 8/1/57
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Florence 7/27-8/2/57 70
Oconee 7/27-8/2/57 80
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Blount 7/22-29/57 33
Cumberland 6
Greene 220
Johnson 768
Knox 346
Lawrence 40
Madison 54
Maury 24
Robertson 238

VIRGINIA (County)
Pittsylvania 7/20-27/57
TEXAS
Brownsville 7/21-27/57
Greenville 7/16-31/57 78
Waco 7/27-8/2/57 47

- 653 -

Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis

yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires.
16 500
63 5 28 801 20
13 3
8
3 1
31
2a 214 11 29 787 5
3 91 260 491 29
32 165 51 9
41 87 10
193 364 102 3
232 788 382
8 94 274 294
9 25 3
2 1 8 21
9 8 1
3 3 2 1
3 55 1 5 110 1
38 74 104 225 if
3 8 3 108 10
22 33
29 289 6
3 57 327 3
il 438
18 193 25 29 5094 34
8 101 3 12 58 1
15 80 16
5 iL
24 200 12 16 24
240 96 28 12
65 1069 14 99
4 48 4 12 48
8 120
4 32
36 76 6
48 128 1340 64 32
42 53 6 1 601 al
253 38 2361 al

¥2traps Morriliton; 4 traps Stoneville.

Protoparce
sexta quin.

23
28

34
8

10

11

ie

“lh, nee

, . a. BIS otc RO ah ook le

: my A
=F
1 e Mii
f] ba ) eu
t {od A
; A Y ane
i ¢ BAA
Le Lh §
i pf nt A
4 qi | é
c a
al X
, T3\8 a be ea

Bt ; f Sebo EN OR
<1 pris A siiet & ite’ i) aR oa

§
s
-

ng et a ee
UG. 9 ae
twor ‘
_ ac AR . a eh-Bieg
oon seen td Sanahoey oan
TD ial» heeds ry
' aa

P ¢ Pr
ei ' a¢ % E
He Gedy wall 4 (rire
ge)
A 4 qe al $j 4 Oe
afr ° op 4
ie 3 gi) ye h& DE
“) Ae a OP 8At
fe ‘ Buss oer ee) aig
a) 5 ’ ae

54, OER .
ery ie ee gia = Bh uaa
GES « ; S >

- 655 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
A LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta sexdens (L.))

Economic Importance: The Atta leaf-cutting ants, of which A. sexdens is the
chief economic species, are reported to be the most destructive insects in
Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America. In Brazil, A. sexdens is responsible
for large losses on crops, particularly cotton, citrus, eucalyptus and rose.
Much farm land has been abandoned where control failed or was not applied.
Citrus and avocado trees have been defoliated overnight in Peru. The pest is
also seriously destructive to ornamental shrubs and trees in the Canal Zone
and other areas. Damage to plants occurs through removal of succulent parts
which are used in construction of fungus beds. The ant subsists entirely on
fungi. The mounds may extend over an area covering as much as 14,000 square
yards.

Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Canal Zone, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Dutch Guiana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

60”

t60"__140" 120" _100" __ a0"
TTT

ala

Ro
Aas
ESOS
Cen 3

General Distribution of Atta sexdens

Plants Attacked: Defoliates many plants including citrus, cotton, rose, apple,
avocado, cacao, ornamental shrubs and trees as well as wheat, rice and other
grasses. Grains in storage are sometimes carried into nests.

Life Histor’ and Habits: Ants of this genus, after mating, drop to the ground
and the male dies. The queen loses her wings and begins a new colony, usually
in cultivated soil. The first eggs are deposited in the enlarged end of a 6-8
inch gallery. A small portion of fungus brought from the old nest is deposited
with the eggs. The contents of these eggs, which the queen breaks and mixes
with fecal matter, serve as a medium for the growing fungus. Later, more eggs
are laid and the first castes attend the fungus. Other castes soon appear and
begin further excavation. Finally, foraging ants, those responsible for

=6'56\ =

gathering plant material for the fungus substrate, appear in the colony. As the
colony grows the ants build larger fungus gardens. Large nests may contain as
many as a thousand chambers. The nests begin with one opening but later there
may be numbers, some of which are several hundred yards removed from the original.
Under Brazilian conditions, incubation requires 14-40 days, larval period 12-15
days or longer and pupal 2-3 weeks. Queens may live for 12 years.

Description: Size of workers range from 1.5 - 12 mm. Largest workers with major
part pilose. At least two lateral frontal areas without erect hairs. Pro- and
mesopleura almost without sutures, with a fine delicate reticulation. Body
unicolor, clear light castaneous color, reddish castaneous or reddish brown;

the gaster sometimes a little darker. Anterior mesonotal spines conical and
thick about same length as those of epinotum which are spiniform, elongate and
directed upward. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other
ARS agencies.) CEIR 7(32) 8-9-57.

(enlarged)

Workers (enlarged)

Figures, except map, from Oliveira Filho, M. L., de. 1934. Bol. de Agr. (Sao
Paulo) 35:541-610.

ie)

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION =

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued s
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material. -

te

fikis
es Haw

71 he

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release “a
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section — b)
Plant Pest Control Division eet
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture a
‘ Washington 25, D. Gq

i a
at
Se
oo
oe?

ay

Volume 7 August 16, 1957 Number 33
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

Greater injury from EUROPEAN CORN BORER expected this year in Minnesota. (p. 659).
GRASSHOPPERS destroying many alfalfa fields in Nebraska. Continue very abundant
in spotted areas of several Idaho counties. (pp. 659,675). Heavy CORN EARWORM
emcees. expected in late corn in Maryland. Severe damage in southern Utah.

p. 660).

FALL ARMYWORM damage continues on corn in several areas. (p. 660). CORN LEAF
APHID of concern in Wisconsin, Ohio and some other States. (p. 660). SPOTTED
ALFALFA APHID still causing damage in New Mexico counties but light in most other
areas. (p. 661).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE damage unusually heavy on soybeans in South Carolina. (p. 661).
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR heavy on peanuts and soybeans in several Georgia counties.
(p. 662).

PEAR PSYLLA unusually abundant at Hood River, Oregon. (p. 663).

GREEN PEACH APHID heavy on lettuce in Santa Cruz County, California; light to
moderate on potatoes some areas of Washington and Idaho (p. 666); moderate to
heavy on tobacco in Maryland (p. 668). CUCUMBER BEETLES abundant on cucurbits
in Delaware and Maryland. (p. 667). Serious numbers of LOOPERS on lettuce in
several Colorado counties. (p. 668).

TOBACCO BUDWORM heaviest in years on tobacco in Maryland. (p. 668).
BOLL WEEVIL continues to buildup in Tennessee and Arkansas. (p. 669). One of

worst BOLLWORM infestasions on record in New Mexico. (p. 669). Damaging
infestations also in Georgia, Tennessee and areas of Texas. Increases reported

from Arizona, Arkansas, Missouri and Fresno County, California. (p. 669).
COTTON LEAFWORM may be problem in Oklahoma. Very heavy in areas of Louisiana
and requiring controls in some locations in Arkansas. (p. 669). APHIDS and

SPIDER MITES causing trouble on cotton in some States. (p. 670).

GYPSY MOTH reported from new area of Pennsylvania. (p. 670). LARCH SAWFLY
caused heavy defoliation in northern areas of Wisconsin and Minnesota. (Gas Gri) 5
EUROPEAN ALDER LEAF MINER and BIRCH LEAF MINER reported from Oregon. (Go), Brad) ¢

SCREW-WORM continues to cause concern in areas of the Carolinas, Texas and
Alabama. (p. 672).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 675).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 9 unless otherwise designated.

- 658 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 12

A tropical storm in the north central Gulf of Mexico was given the name of Bertha
and became the second hurricane of the season late Thursday as winds in its
circulation pattern were estimated at 65 to 75 m.p.h. Taking a somewhat similar
path to that of Audrey in its early stages, it entered the mainland with dying
intensity near the southwestern Louisiana and adjacent Texas border. Winds
reached 65 m.p.h. along the Louisiana coast and gusts exceeding 40 m.p.h. were
recorded at Galveston, Texas. Heavy rains were confined to the extreme west
coast of Louisiana and a narrow strip of eastern Texas with official reports over
the area ranging from 2 to 4 inches. Flooding developed along the Trinity River
in Texas.

The primary frontal system extended generally from the western central plateau
region east, and northeastward, through the central and northern Plains, the

Lakes region, and New England. Local showers along the front brought moderate

to heavy precipitation to areas in Colorado, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Indiana, Kentucky, and to southeastern Maine. Elsewhere, and in
addition to area covered by the hurricane, weekly totals were significant along
the north Pacific coast, throughout Florida, and southern portions of Georgia and
the Gulf States. On Monday, the 12th, torrential rains in Arkansas, from Garland
County westward, brought amounts of over 5 inches to Booneville, and over 4 inches
to Daisy and Waldron. California, Nevada, and southern portions of Oregon, Idaho,
and Arizona continued to have dry weather with fire danger reported low to aver-
age except in southern Idaho where it is extreme. Also without measurable pre-
cipitation this week was a large area covering most of Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee,
the northern half of the Gulf States and eastward to the southern North Carolina
coast. In the latter State, forest fires were reported burning over an 18- to
22-thousand acre area during the week.

Drought conditions continued to intensify from northern Georgia and South Carolina
northward along the coast where only light rains were reported when precipitation
was received.

The high pressure area which was prevailing over the eastern half of the Nation
late last period continued to bring cool weather to the area until near the
weekend. On the 5th, some local freeze damage was reported in central and nor-
thern lowlands of Wisconsin, where record lows of 32° were observed at Danbury
and Necedah and readings in the 20's were given for a few locations. On the 6th,
minima in the upper 30's were common in central mountain regions of New York

and Pennsylvania and record low temperatures for the date were equalled or ex-
ceeded at several stations. As the center penetrated southward, the effects were
felt as far as the Gulf coast, and on the 8th, Augusta,Georgia, reported 55.0°
which exceeded the 83-year station record low of 55.3° for the month.

West of the Divide and over the eastern-half of the country weekly temperatures
generally averaged below normal, while in the intervening area they were above
average. Anomalies for the week ranged from greater than +6° in north-central
Wyoming to greater than -6° in central sections of the Pacific Coastal States

and in northwestern Louisiana. Utah was the site of several severe storms during
the period with heavy rains bringing thousands of dollars worth of damage to
homes, roads, and crops in Emery and Duchesne Counties on the 5th, a windstorm
damaging crops in Sevier and Sanpete Counties on the 7th, and a small tornado
striking Salina on the same day. In Hubbardston, Massachusetts, on the 12th, the
ground was covered with 14 inch hailstones and some wires were downed by strong
winds.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 663 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISIANA - Heavy in
alfalfa in Bossier, Caddo, Red River and Natchitoches Parishes. Counts of 200-
300 per 100 sweeps common. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Light damage to alfalfa in
Limestone County. (Grimes).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Infestations on soybeans in
Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Most abundant in eastern
area, up to 10 per linear foot in occasional soybean fields. (111. Ins. Rept.).
INDIANA - Common on soybeans in west central area. Feeding extensive but not

economically serious. (Gould). DELAWARE - Common and abundant on soybeans
generally. Severe defoliation at several places in Sussex County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Common in alfalfa fields statewide.
(Coppock). DELAWARE - Attacking soybeans some areas in New Castle and Kent
Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA - Damaging alfalfa in Limestone County.
Heavy spotty infestations. (Grimes).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Heavy on soybeans in Emanuel,
Burke and Warren Counties and heavy on peanuts in Ben Hill, Telfair and Emanuel
Counties. (Johnson).

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - Six per sweep in southern
Canyon County red clover seed fields. (Waters).

THRIPS - IDAHO - Damaging Sudangrass in Canyon County, 5-10 percent of leaf acres
damaged. (Scott).

SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Soybeans generally infested on Eastern Shore. Control
applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO - Oligonychus stickneyi heavy on field
corn, Dona Ana County. (Durkin, Aug. 3).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adults very abundant
some places on Yuma Mesa and 15-20 larvae per 100 sweeps some alfalfa fields.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Light to moderate generally. Some damage in
Washington County. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Larvae abundant in alfalfa at many
areas in southern Kent and northern Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - ARIZONA - Appears on increase on alfalfa on
Yuma Mesa; 10-20 per 100 sweeps some fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Second brood still active

in problem orchards. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Second-brood activity
essentially over in southern areas; may have third brood, southern area, late
August, if present weather continues; activity slowing down, central area.
(Ins.-Dis. News). DELAWARE - Apples with fresh stings, some orchards, Kent County.
(MacCreary). INDIANA - Third-brood activity just begun. At present, populations
lowest since 1952. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - Third brood making no special
impression. (Chandler). WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy populations in Door
County. First brood light in Dane and Crawford Counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

NEW MEXICO - Causing severe damage where orchard spray schedules have been poor.
Second-generation heavy in Chaves, Lincoln and Grant Counties. (Durkin, Aug. 3).
UTAH - Commercial apple and pear orchard control generally good. (Knowlton).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - ILLINOIS - Increase over last year.
(Chandler). NEW YORK - Continues to emerge, Rockland County. (Clark).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Unusually abundant at Hood River.
May need post-harvest insecticide application. (Every, Ellertson).

- 664 -

ORCHARD MITES - INDIANA - Considerable populations on apples, despite current cool
period. Bronzing will occur soon if not controlled. (Marshall). NEW MEXICO -
Tetranychus mcdanieli and Bryobia praetiosa damaging apple orchards throughout
State. (Durkin, Aug. 3). UTAH - Vasates schlechtendali heavily infesting apple

foliage at Sunset, July 17. (Det. H. H. Keifer). (Nielsen). Mites moderate to
serious in orchards and berry crops in several counties. (Knowlton) .

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Populations building up
economically in gooseberry plantings in Polk, Washington, Benton Counties.
(Rosenstiel, Aug. 5). MASSACHUSETTS - Remains threat in many apple orchards.
Serious yellowing of foliage and fruit drop has resulted in some susceptible

early varieties. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW YORK - General problem necessitating
frequent control, Niagara County. (McNicholas).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium in apple
orchards in Chaves, Lincoln, and Rio Arriba Counties. (Durkin, Aug. 3).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - NEW JERSEY - Found in
large numbers, one orchard, Burlington County. On increase, some damage
expected next year. (Ins.-Dis. News).

SCALE INSECTS - WASHINGTON - Moderate infestations of Lecanium corni on apricots
Wenatchee area. (Anthon, Aug. 2). NEW MEXICO - Aspidiotus perniciosus heavy on
apple and apricot trees in few orchards, Rio Arriba County. (Durkin, Aug. 3).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - WISCONSIN - Adult populations
medium to heavy. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - ALABAMA - Damaging grapes in Madison County.
(Grimes).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy feeding on grape in
Randolph, Monongalia, Hampshire and Berkeley Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

LEAFHOPPERS - OREGON - Nymphs spotting apple leaves near Grand Island, July 31.
(Heinus). UTAH - Damage conspicuous to severe on grapes in several counties.
(Knowlton).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - OREGON - Injury continues in orchards, Benton County.
Buildup after control has been rapid in favorable weather, Willamette Valley.
(Jones). WISCONSIN - Heavy populations continue serious problem in apple orchards,
Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Emergence decreasing in

La Crescent area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Moderate population in Door
County. Light emergence up to August 4, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NEW

YORK - Populations up, one orchard heavily infested August 7, Rockland County.

(N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - MINNESOTA - Defoliating young apple
trees, mostly in Twin City area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA - Inquiries indicate
still present large enough numbers cause injury to fruit in several orchards.
(Hamilton). NEW JERSEY - Second brood feeding appreciable in many orchards.
(Ins.-Dis. News). WISCONSIN - Populations medium to heavy, with second
generation adults emerged. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NEW YORK - First fruit feeding
by second brood, August 5, Niagara County. (McNicholas).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - WISCONSIN - Populations light in apple
orchards, medium to heavy in cherry orchards, Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 665 -

CATFACING INSECTS - ILLINOIS - Increase over last year. (Chandler).

CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) - WISCONSIN - Light in cranberry bogs.
Hatch complete, early larvae in the second berry. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

A TIPWORM (Dasyneura vaccinii) - WISCONSIN - Light in cranberry bogs. Second
brood complete. Wis. Ins. Surv.).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - WASHINGTON - Severe in several
neglected cranberry bogs, Pacific and Grays Harbor area. (Tidrick, Aug. 2).
WISCONSIN - Light in cranberry bogs. Second-brood active. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - INDIANA - Locally heavy on apple
in Lafayette area. Severe on experimental plantings of multiflora rose in
Montgomery County. Controls used. (Schuder).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy previous infestations,
eastern half of State on pecans and walnuts. (Coppock, Owens). TEXAS - Attacking
pecan trees, San Saba County. (Lindsey).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - GEORGIA - Heavier than normal infestations on
pecan trees in southwest. Some trees in Barwick almost completely covered.
(Johnson). TEXAS - Light to medium infestations on pecan trees, Llano County.
(Morgan) . f

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Damage to nuts approximately
9-7 percent in several groves, Okfuskee County. (Coppock, Owens).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy on
beans, Torrance County, damage moderate. (Durkin, Aug. 3). UTAH - Damaging in
at least 8 northern counties, and at Kanab. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Light in
bean fields, Scotts Bluff County, 2-5 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). RHODE ISLAND -
Second-brood adult emergence noted particularly on lima beans, Kingston.
(Caroselli, Stoner). DELAWARE - Light infestations on lima beans, several places,
Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

PEA LEAF MINER (Liriomyza langei) - CALIFORNIA - Excessively heavy on vegetables,
Salinas Valley, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Heavy damage to lima beans in
Baltimore and Caroline Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae
common to numerous in lima beans, most locations, Sussex and Kent Counties.
Heavy feeding in many areas and requiring control, Sussex County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Populations higher than in past 5
years. Economic damage to beans, Benton County. (Capizzi, Aug. 5).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Moderately abundant,
five bean fields, Quincy-Winchester area. (Dailey, Aug. 2). Light on potatoes,
Quincy. (Landis, Aug. 2). RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy infestation , particularly
damaging to lima beans and corn, Tuckertown. (Stoner). DELAWARE - Continues
troublesome on lima beans throughout State. Injuring tomatoes, some locations,
Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Some tomato fields showing
injury, Lancaster County. (Pepper).

SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - General on snap and lima beans, most sections. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Numerous heavy infestations, Tetranychus atlanticus
on lima beans throughout Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 666 -

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae)-CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lettuce at Watsonville,
Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). WASHINGTON - Light to moderate on
potatoes, Yakima County. (Landis, Aug. 2). IDAHO - Light to moderate on
potatoes, Canyon County. (Scott). DELAWARE - Increasing on peppers, Sussex
County. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Light to moderate on tomatoes,

Erie County. (Adams).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - With hornworms medium to

heavy in Dona Ana and Luna Counties, where no control was used. (Durkin,

Aug. 3). MARYLAND - Heavy to moderate on tomatoes, upper Anne Arundel County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Pushmataha County. (Goin).

UTAH - Moderately severe at Santa Clara, generally scarce elsewhere. (Hughes,
Knowlton).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Damaging potatoes in south central
portion, Washington County. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Causing considerable purple
top and yellows, potato fields, Scotts Bluff County, 10 adults per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen).

APHIDS - WASHINGTON - Phorodon menthae moderate, peppermint fields, Toppenish.
(Landis, Aug. 2). IDAHO - Noticeable increase in winged adults of several
species in potato fields since August 1. Not more than 6 per 100 sweeps.
(Gittins). COLORADO - Populations on certified potatoes increasing, Rio
Grande, Alamosa, Costilla and Conejos Counties. In potatoes, Weld County.
(Exp. Sta.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Pemphigus betae causing scattered local infestations
some sugar beet fields, Butte and Fall River Counties. (Hantsbarger). MAINE -
Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii, Myzus persicae, M. solani increased
sharply at Presque Isle. Treated commercial plantings show appreciable to
moderate populations, central and southern Aroostook County. (Shands). NEW
YORK - Populations remain high on unsprayed tomatoes and potatoes, Erie County.
(Royer) . DELAWARE - Turnip aphid in commercial cabbage, Kent County, Cabbage
aphid heavy on cabbage, one location, NewCastle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - General on snap and lima beans,
most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Increasing on lima beans
generally. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Causing "hopperburn" on potatoes,
western Platte Valley and northeast region. (Andersen).

LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Empoasca spp. numerous, causing leaf damage to castor-
bean, Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - E. filamenta abundant on potatoes ,
Canyon County, with feeding damage up to 10 percent of leaf areas. (Scott).
WASHINGTON - Light and moderate infestation of E. filamenta nymphs and adults
on potatoes, Columbia Basin. (Landis, Aug. 2). COLORADO - High incidence of
aster yellows showing on carrots, calendulas, and zinnias, Fort Collins.
Macrosteles fascifrons involved. (Exp. Sta.). NEW JERSEY - Very numerous on

fall lettuce. Ins.-Dis. News.).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO - Egg masses and
young larvae common, Fremont County. (Bishop). Light on potatoes and tomatoes,
Canyon County. (Scott, Waters). UTAH - Flared up all over Davis County.
(Stokes). DELAWARE - Adults and larvae feeding, some tomato plantings, Kent
and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - DELAWARE - E. pestifera heavy on potatoes,
one location, New Castle County. Epicauta sp. numerous on tomatoes, one
location, Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MAINE - Summer brood continues to
emerge; trace to very small numbers on potato foliage, Aroostook County.
(Shands). DELAWARE - Moderately heavy damage on potatoes, one place, Kent
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 667 -

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - PENNSYLVANIA - Spot damage to tomatoes,
several fields, Lancaster County. (Pepper).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis)
need protection.
(Ins.-Dis. News).

: - NEW JERSEY - Late crop potatoes will
First eggs of new generation now hatching, Cumberland County.

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Increasing on tomatoes throughout
State, noticeable feeding. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Commercial
fields show 1-2 per 100 plants, Erie County. (Adams). NEW JERSEY - Activity
increasing. (Ins.-Dis. News.). UTAH - Damaging potato fields, Milford area,
(Knowlton). IDAHO - Approximately 1 per plant in a field, Canyon County.
(Scott).

IRIS WHITEFLY - WASHINGTON - Light damage to potatoes, but every leaf infested
at Othello. Widely distributed, likely to increase. (Landis, Aug. 2).

PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus nymphs and adults prevalent, Lygus
lineolaris in unusual numbers. Both on lima beans throughout State.

(Mitliron, Conrad). UTAH - Some light damage to potatoes by lygus in 4 counties.
(Knowlton). WASHINGTON - L. hesperus and L. elisus adults damaging sugar
beets, Toppenish. (Landis, Aug. 2). ve

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - RHODE ISLAND - Light feeding on
cucumber blossoms, West Kingston. (Caroselli, Stoner). DELAWARE - Prevalent
in pumpkinsquash flowers, New Castle, Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Abundant on cantaloups, Glen Burnie section, Anne Arundel County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE -
Numbers conspicuous on pumpkinsquash and lima beans, one place, Kent County,
and on lima beans, various areas, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Abundant on cantaloups, Glen Burnie section, Anne Arundel County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SQUASH BUGS (Anasa tristis) - UTAH - Very serious in Washington County.
(Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Greatly increasing, spotty infestations. Severe
injury, summer-type squash, West Kingston. (Caroselli, Stoner).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Moderate damage to onions and
negligible damage to potatoes, Smith Valley, Lyon County. Growers estimate
possible loss, 2-3 tons per acre. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). NEW MEXICO - Light
on potatoes in Torrance County. (Durkin, Aug. 3). NEW JERSEY - Plentiful

on treated broccoli, southern area, July 31. (Ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE -
Heavy injury to commercial cabbage and cauliflower, Kent County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

PURPLE-BACKED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis pallidata (Hufn.))* - WEST VIRGINIA -
Heavy feeding, 30 percent destruction of 5 acres of cabbage in Monongalia
County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv., Aug. 2).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - IDAHO - Adults abundant in cabbage fields
near Parma. (Scott). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate to heavy damage in neglected
cabbage, West Kingston. Pupation started. (Stoner). DELAWARE - Damage to
untreated crucifers throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

PARSLEYWORM (Papilio polyxenes asterius) - FLORIDA - Averaging 8-10 larvae per
plant on parsley, Gadsden County. (Tappan, July 29).

*Beirne, B. P. 1952. British Pyralid and Plume Moths. p. 135. London and
New York.

- 668 -

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Averaging 25-30 larvae per
plant on sweetpotato, Gadsden County. Larvae averaged 10-15 per plant on
cowpea at Quincy, Gadsden County. (Tappan, July 26, 29).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - COLORADO - Causing damage up to 10 percent in
commercial plantings, Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - NEW YORK - Very heavy, seriously reduced yields,
Orange County. (Langlois) .

LOOPERS - COLORADO - Serious numbers on head lettuce during last of July in
Rio Grande, Alamosa and Grand Counties, now causing heavy damage, Routt and
Grand Counties. Control applied. (Exp. Sta., Ext. Serv.). INDIANA -
Rachiplusia ou in second generation causing damage to row mint and second
cutting meadow mint. Not as abundant as first generation. (Gould) .

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NEBRASKA - New generation appearing in
beet fields, panhandle area, 80-400 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - UTAH - Extremely abundant in some sugar beet
fields, Washington County. (Knowlton).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Some tomatoes with 5 percent
curly top, early-market varieties in southern areas with 25-30 percent. Curly
top on sugar beets less than one percent. (Dorst.)

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MARYLAND - Has been heaviest in years
on tobacco. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -MARYLAND- Moderate to heavy on tobacco.
Weather conditions apparently very favorable for development. Over 2000 acres
treated. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate damage to
tobacco in Forsyth County. (Scott).

TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate on
tobacco in Forsyth County. (Scott). MARYLAND - Second-brood eggs and young
larvae on tobacco in St. Marys and Anne Arundel Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Statewide average of 22.6
percent of squares punctured in 57 treated fields. Scotland County reported 100
percent of squares punctured. (Jones et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Most growers
have ceased applying insecticides in Florence area. (Walker et al.). Fifteen
percent infestation in treated fields and 51 percent in untreated fields in
Piedmont County. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - No square counts due to scarcity

of squares but heavy population noted in 8 counties. (Johnson). TENNESSEE -
Average infestation in 16 counties was 30 percent compared with 27 last week.
Sharp buildup and conditions continue favorable. Considerable damage.

Several spot infestations as far north as Obion County indicate considerable
number of weevils overwintered in some sections of northern counties. (Locke).
TEXAS - Heavy in coastal bend, medium in southwest, upper coastal and light in
several other areas week ending August 2. (Turney, Martin). Continues low,

3.3 percent infestation, in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Reports indicate most areas relatively safe to August 3,0-3 % infesta-
tion. (Flora). LOUISIANA - Twenty-seven fields examined in 9 parishes had

from 2 to 74 percent infestation. (Oliver). Average of 37 percent infestation
in 105 fields in Madison Parish. Migration underway. (Smith et al.).

- 669 -

ARKANSAS - Infestations continue to increase, rapidly in many cases. Control
measures effective when properly applied. Under this year's conditions control
will be needed later in season than most years. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI -
Some increase, especially in southern Dunklin County. One to 15 percent
infestation in 73 of 552 fields inspected. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Average
infestation was 38 percent in 5 north and north central counties. (Grimes).
MISSISSIPPI - Infestations continue extremely spotty in delta counties.

Average infestations rose in experimental fields indicating "hatch out"
beginning. (Merkl et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.). -— NORTH CAROLINA - First appearance in cotton
this year in Scotland and Montgomery Counties. (Caudill, Garris). Continue
spotty elsewhere. (Cot. News Lett.). GEORGIA - Heavy on cotton in Tift,

Irwin, Ben Hill, Treutlen, Emanuel and Burke Counties. (Johnson). TENNESSEE -
Considerable damage to older bolls. (Locke). TEXAS - Heavy in central area.
Light to medium in several other areas. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 2). In succulent
cotton in Waco area, 22 eggs and 3.6 larvae per 100 terminals in 25 fields.
(Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Most reports indicate some damage. (Flora, Aug. 3).
MISSISSIPPI - H. virescens and H. zea attacking cotton bolls in Adams County.
(Hutchins). ARIZONA —- Increasing from Maricopa to Pima County, August 2.
General infestations apparently underway. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA -
Remain generally low throughout State. Five to 8 larvae per 100 terminals and
Squares about average infestation. Some difficulty in controlling reported.
(Oliver). ARKANSAS - Continue to increase as expected but not alarming. Eggs
being laid on all parts of plant. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI - Rapid increase
in Pemiscot, Dunklin and New Madrid Counties; 0-50 eggs and 0-16 larvae per 100
plants, 412 of 552 fields infested. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Light in non-
irrigated cotton. From 4-8 percent infestation in irrigated cotton. (Grimes) .
MISSISSIPPI - Widely scattered light infestation in delta counties. Egg
deposition light. (Merkl et al.). NEW MEXICO - One of the worst general
bollworm infestations that most growers have seen in State. Extensive damage

in most cotton areas. Losses heavy in many fields in Eddy County. Widespread
use of controls. (Durkin, Aug. 3). CALIFORNIA - Increasing in Fresno County
although most counts still below economic level. Continue extremely low in

most fields in Imperial County. QUEiCa Cotte ehetitn Auch 5)

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Heavy in some parts of lower
Rio Grande Valley, light to medium in upper coastal and coastal bend areas and
light in west area. Buildup in scattered fields in Nueces and San Patricio
Counties.(Turney, Martin). One percent infestation in 8 fields in McLennan and
Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Infestation confined to a

few fields in southern Dona Ana County; mostly very light, only two fields have
infestations which may cause some loss. (Durkin, Aug. 3).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported in Jasper,
Colleton, Dorchester, Berkeley and Clarendon Counties. (Cott. ENSIBG)) 6

TENNESSEE - First of season. (Locke). TEXAS - Light to heavy over most of
State. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 2). OKLAHOMA - Appearing early and could cause
heavy damage. Reports range from very light to extremely heavy in Caddo-

Grady County area. (Flora, Aug. 3). LOUISIANA - Very heavy in Vermillion,
Acadia and St. Landry Parishes. Three fields at Rayne completely defoliated and
many fields threatened if controls not applied. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Second
brood appeared in many areas. Control necessary in Some cases. (Barnes et al.).
NEW MEXICO - Light and spotty in cotton in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, Aug. %)))

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous reports. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Becoming serious in widely scattered counties. (Cott. Lett.).
GEORGIA - Heavy in six counties. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Increased sharply and
control needed in many fields. Conditions favorable for further buildup.
(Locke). OKLAHOMA - Populations declining. (Flora, Aug. 3). ARKANSAS -
Building up in many fields in nearly all areas. Beneficial insects effectively
controlling in most untreated fields. (Barnes et al.).

- 670 -

ALABAMA - Light to medium infestation general over northern part of State. (Grimes).
MISSISSIPPI - General over delta area. Heavy infestations requiring control in
north delta area. (Merkl et al.).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate to severe generally on cotton. (Jones
et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Becoming serious in widely scattered counties.

(Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Light. (Locke). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy in
several counties. (Johnson). MISSOURI - Marginal infestations beginning to
spread into fields in drier counties; 75 of 552 fields had such infestations.
(Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Severe damage to cotton in Madison County but not so
severe in surrounding counties. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Requiring controls

in a few isolated fields in delta area. (Merkl et al.). NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus
desertorum and T. telarius very light and spotty in Dona Ana and Chaves Counties.
(Durkin, Aug. 3). CALIFORNIA - Buildup has been less and slower than for past
several years in Tulare County. Infestations vary in Fresno County. CUSTGE
Cott. Lett... Aug. .5)).

COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium and spotty
in cotton in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, Aug. 3).

STINK BUGS - NORTH CAROLINA - Acrosternum hilare and Chlorochroa ligata light to
heavy and spotty in cotton in Hidalgo, Luna, Dona Ana and Chaves Counties.
Heaviest in Hidalgo County, especially in fields interplanted with beans.
(Durkin, Aug. 3). CALIFORNIA - Generally increasing and injuring some fields in
Imperial Valley. (U. C. Cott. Lett., Aug. 5).

LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Continue principal pests of cotton in Arizona week ending
August 2. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Generally medium to heavy in

most cotton fields, 80 adults per 100 sweeps some counties. Damage heavy

in untreated fields. (Durkin, Aug. 3). CALIFORNIA - Many fields in Imperial
Valley continue heavily infested, primarily with adults. (U. C. Cott. Lett.
Aue D)i-

CABBAGE LOOPERS - OKLAHOMA - Reported from about one-third of fields surveyed.
Very light in southwest counties to heavy in McCurtain County, extreme southeast.
(Flora, Aug. 3). LOUISIANA -Trichoplusia ni moderately heavy in some cotton in
Lafayette and Rayne areas. Also infesting cotton as far north as Shreveport.
Control in many fields but good control not obtained generally. (Oliver).

NEW MEXICO —- T. ni generally light most areas. No damage reported. (Durkin,
iNeh25 &})) a

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliation on about 20 acres
discovered near White Haven on Yeager Mountain, Lucerne County, by a forest
ranger July 3. The area is about eight air miles outside sprayed townships.
Nearest spraying was done in 1948. Efforts are being made to delineate the
spread from this spot, and as soon as this is concluded, the State of
Pennsylvania will establish a quarantine over the known infested district.
(Guyton) . :

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TENNESSEE - Continues to destroy
pine timber in mountains of eastern areas. NORTH CAROLINA - Some indication of
buildup in early summer. SOUTH CAROLINA - Treating effort has greatly reduced
size of infested spots in northern area but recent observations show some
re-attacks as well as some general renewed activity. GEORGIA - Appears to be
increasing in northeast area. (FS, Southeastern Exp. Sta.).

WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Up to 20 percent injury in
Scotch pine terminals in Clarion and Centre Counties. Adults emerging August 1.
(Adams) .

- 675 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEBRASKA - ALFALFA WEBWORM numerous in northeast, eastern, central Platte Valley
and Republican Valley areas. Counts 10-25 per 10 sweeps. PEA APHID very light
in several areas. ALFALFA WEEVIL averages 5 adults per 10 sweeps in Scotts Bluff
County. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in northeast, 500-800 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen, Weekman). PLAINS FALSE WIREWORM very abundant in southwestern areas
and southern panhandle area. GRASSHOPPERS, about 100 percent adult, moving
rapidly from margins with many alfalfa fields destroyed. Fungus and sSarcophagid
parasitism light. Many BLISTER BEETLES general over eastern area. (Bell).

i ivr ‘ ' \ weve OW re 7
qe ' i d i winueg oon qohlay. rin kel

& uagites i Jam od’ 4 SL eee hs ahh ati ano fAap
7 am Hal i ee Cine Ce ee AVA? caro

. 1 waren 99 (NRA NR BOI Caan

HUM 4 iii aay V1ey iar Pere AN is AD ae
b j ' js Move ; 4 oy, @tlLy wisn Oi Agies “ate we
te iad aid i ¢ nh LUTSLiF be 3 cpa

es
4
iy ne é } rT j
iat "
hie ‘ Aid ' ie |
e meh te nae
. ~ ‘ = wR al
. 7 Ve win y oe i y le a
: np pete Ppit ie Os UL oe,
: . A, Lae , y de hy ht Cog iia. Aay

and * a § fay \ pa) eR G Bi Maa
y eT avi) i spr oy) eg @ Oy CT Te
rd . hol wae i ‘ :
. ’ ; ae whe > durin, Bite) aie LAD / a eis
j . i@ Hig >: orom ie ees | - Piaghiiee hehe, 4 fj % ;

Tr wy. 4a] Tae! aes M aa? 4 nc aeninina wy ttle om
. fi

eV PaY ® thee, 5A ay se in Cre @ voters Ach ia ale
ds ne oa
Pol is Ss iy
i ie My ’
G fl 7 at) i
So : - | ab il '
j as

a)

BMT PEST CON

re

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION =

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as —
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

4 ao
pee “

Plant Pest Survey Section Peo, Sie! wae ’ + -
Plant Pest Control Division ai iS a?
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture 2
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 August 23, 1957 Number 34
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

Large number of EUROPEAN CORN BORER eggs in eastern Arkansas but counts remain
low in Illinois. Egg-laying expected to be prolonged in Minnesota. (p. 679).
CORN LEAF APHID continues severe on corn in northern Ohio. Heavy Michigan,
Wisconsin and Delaware. (p. 680).

FALL ARMYWORM damage continues in many States. (p. 681). EUROPEAN CHAFER sur-
vey report. (p. 681).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up to high levels in southern Kansas and slowly
increasing in eastern Missouri. General infestation in central and western
North Carolina. Also reported from other States. (p. 681).

Widespread damaging infestation of RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM in Oklahoma. (p. 682).
GARDEN WEBWORM damage to alfalfa severe in Missouri. Abundant in areas of
Illinois. (p. 682). POTATO LEAFHOPPER causing greater reduction in alfalfa
yields in Wisconsin than any other insect. Populations continue high in areas
of Illinois and Nebraska. (p. 683). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR active as far
north as South Carolina. (p. 684).

ORCHARD MITES still causing trouble in some States. (pp. 684, 685). PEAR-SLUG
infestation in western Washington most extensive in several years. (p. 685).

HORNWORMS heavier than usual on tomatoes in Maryland, light to moderate in
Delaware. (p. 686).

BOLL WEEVIL situation continues serious in Tennessee. Infestations increasing
in Arkansas and Missouri. (p. 688). BOLLWORMS also increasing in some areas.
Heavy egg deposition in Oklahoma. (p. 689). PINK BOLLWORM continues to build
up in late cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley and Corpus Christi areas of Texas.
Bloom inspection in several Oklahoma counties negative. (p. 689).

BALSAM WOOLLY APHID outbreak continues on fir in Washington. (p. 690).
EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH abundant in some Northeastern States. (p. 690). FALL
WEBWORM very heavy in northern Indiana (p. 692); apparently more abundant than
usual in Willamette Valley, Oregon. (p. 685).

High populations of STABLE FLY, HORN FLY and HOUSE FLY in Nebraska. HORSE
FLIES unusually abundant in Ohio and troublesome on cattle in Kansas. (p. 693).

Distribution of MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE. (p. 691).
CORRECTIONS. (p. 694). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 696).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 697).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 16 unless otherwise designated.

- 678 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-AUGUST TO MID-SEPTEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-August to mid-Septem-
ber calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the Pacific
Northwest, Great Lakes area, andnorthernNew England. Above normal temperatures
are expected in the southern half of the nation from the Rocky Mountains to the
Atlantic Coast, with greatest departures in the Central Plains. In other areas
near normal averages are anticipated. Rainfall is predicted to exceed normal

in the Great Lakes region, upper Mississippi Valley, far Southwest, and Florida.
Subnormal amounts are indicated in the Northwest, Southern Plains, and Middle
Atlantic States. Elsewhere precipitation is expected to be not far from normal.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook,"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super-
intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half
year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 19

A relatively cold high pressure cell gradually made its entry via the Northern
Plains States early Thursday and by Sunday had overspread most of the Nation
west of the Divide. Major frontal activity during the week was that which pre-
ceeded the oncoming of this air mass. As this front settled over the South-
eastern Gulf States, a cyclonic circulation pattern developed along it bringing
beneficial rain to this area, and lesser amounts northeastward into sections of
the Middle Atlantic States. Temporary relief was felt in parts of coastal
drought area as a result of these rains and the earlier falls accompanying the
southward movement of the system. For example, in Tennessee the drought was
reported broken in the eastern portion, in North Carolina the soil moisture is
now adequate in most places but too late to benefit crops, and in Virginia the
rains of the 18th and 19th relieved drought in all areas except the North
Valley. Northern Georgia and South Carolina received relief but additional
moisture is needed here, as in all sections of the drought area, due the ex-
treme dryness which has prevailed. Block Island received 2.79 inches of mois—
ture on the 15th with 2.11 inches of this amount falling in 15 minutes, while
on the 17th and 18th Richmond, Va., collected over 4 inches, but most of the
area from eastern Kentucky through New Jersey and northeastern Connecticut and
Rhode Island into Maine received less than a half inch.

Remaining traces of hurricane Bertha were observed in Arkansas, and bordering
edges of adjacent States to the northeast early in the week as excessive rains
fell on the area. Here weekly totals exceeded 2 inches and amounts of over 8
inches were reported in central Arkansas. Other sections with heavy to moderate
weekly falls were eastern North Dakota, most of Minnesota and Iowa, western
Wisconsin, southern Nebraska and isolated locations in western Texas and the
Ohio Valley. West of the Divide, the weather was mainly dry with no measurable
precipitation reported from most stations. However, El Centro in the southern
desert of California reported 0.40 inch on the 18th. The area of maximum tem-
perature exceeding 90° was confined to the Gulf coast, western Texas, and the
western Plateau States on Saturday and Sunday after the advection of the cold
air mass. Earlier during the week temperatures reached near 100° as far north
as South Dakota, and on the 13th a reading of 110° in Kansas was the highest ob-
served this summer in that State. For the third consecutive week, record daily
low temperatures were broken at some Stations in the Northeast as minima dropped
into the 30's and 40's, and a 32° was observed at Lake Saranac, N.Y., on the 17th.

(Continued on page 696)

- 679 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - MARYLAND - Light to moderate populations on alfalfa. Melanoplus
femur-rubrum and M. differentialis doing moderate damage to soybeans, Queen Annes
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - On soybeans, Edgecombe County.
(Jones). Fewer than usual, locally, Granville County. (Chamberlin). WISCONSIN -
M. femur-rubrum now numerous in many alfalfa and red clover fields throughout
State, causing damage in some. Damage expected to increase as insects mature.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - In 8 southeastern counties population mostly
immature; up to 12 percent adults noted. Populations quite spotty. Heavy
infestations common but may be found adjacent to noneconomic infestation. (Minn.
Ins. Rept.). MICHIGAN - In Upper Peninsula M. femur-rubrum numbers down, result-
ing in lower general grasshopper populations. Camnula pellucida spotted. (Janes) .
IOWA - Moving into grain sorghum and corn. Threatening new seedings, especially
in dry area. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Survey of 15 western counties shows
numbers below those of past few years. (Barnes, et al.). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey
indicates that flax fields with more than 8 per square yard require complete spray
coverage for control. Light to threatening infestations in some soybeans, Cass
County. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Scattered infestations throughout
southeast area on alfalfa some fields with 12 per square yard. M. femur-rubrum
and M. mexicanus dominant. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Adult populations
much lower, south central counties, than a year ago. Counts of 1-9 per square
yard, Ageneotettix deorum dominant. Crop species generally light, few widely
scattered threatening infestations in localized creek bottom areas. Counts
generally 2-8 per square yard, few of 21 in alfalfa and corn. (Matthew). M.
mexicanus second generation nymphs observed, Barton County. (Gates). OKLAHOMA -
Non-—economic to very light populations on crops and range. Very low in extreme
southwest counties. Marginal damage to cotton, Dewey County. (Burke). Adult
populations non-economic to very light, south-central counties. Common species
are Mermeria maculipennis, Mermeria sp., M. differentialis. (Pela). TEXAS -
Adult populations threaten to be severe, Carson County. Noneconomic in Hardeman
and Wilbarger Counties and in central area. (White). UTAH - Now 30-60 percent
winged, many localities. Entering home gardens. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Heavy
in some alfalfa, Columbia County. (Auderland, Aug. 9). Light on alfalfa, Lincoln
County. (L. Brown, Aug. 9). Moving into alfalfa and gardens, Garfield County.

Heavy in scattered spots. (D. Brown, Aug. 9). Variable damage on field crops,
lawns and young fruit trees, Wenatchee vicinity. Damage and numbers greater than
for five years. (Bartram). Light infestation in cheatgrass and alfalfa, Franklin

County. (Deming).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - RHODE ISLAND -Late instar larvae boring
tassels, Block Island. (Mathewson, Stoner). DELAWARE - Second-generation
increasing all locations. Numerous in tassels and stalks of sweet corn, some
places, Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Second-generation infestations
generally light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Second-brood moths present,
largest flights at Platteville. Second-brood activity greatest in southern
counties. Survey in 6 east central counties showed borers 67 percent in fifth
instar. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MINNESOTA - Egg mass counts per 100 plants average

18 in southwest and 9 in central areas, with rather steady development. Moth
emergence and egg-laying expected to continue over prolonged period. Eggs laid

up to about first week of September will be of consequence to corn injury because
of lateness of crop. Stalk breakage general, resulting from first-generation
injury. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS - First-generation pupation approached 100
percent in central and southwestern areas, only 70-80 percent in northern areas.
Moth emergence nearly complete in southern areas, 30-75 percent in north. Egg
hatch just beginning in north. Egg counts remain low most areas. (111. Ins. Rept.)
IOWA - Counts of unhatched egg masses range from 50-208 per 100 plants in various
areas. Fourth-instar second-brood larvae found in field at Ankeny during past
week. Catches of adults in light traps have been above 200 per night since Aug.
10. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - Second-generation pupation occurring with 10-
20 percent emergence, extreme southeastern area. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Eggs
have appeared in large numbers on young corn in infested eastern counties.

(Barnes, et al.).

- 680 -

SOUTH DAKOTA - Second-brood flight and egg-laying underway, east central area.
First-brood infestation in approximately 60 percent of plants with approximately
200 larvae per 100 plants. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger).

CHINCH BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Blissus leucopterus causing severe damage to
several late plantings of sorghum, Saluda County, Aug. 8. (Nettles, et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Chinch bugs reported in CEIR 7(33) :660 are B. leucopterus insularis.
(Hutchins). ILLINOIS - New generation appearing and infestations noted in inbred
seed corn fields. (I11l. Ins. Surv.). ALABAMA - B. leucopterus insularis severely
damaging lawns in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. (Arant, et al., July 27).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs numerous on corn. (Ins.-Dis.
News.). MARYLAND - Damage to 47 percent of ears at cannery in Frederick.
Expected to be heavy in late sweet corn, all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Heavy ear injury, various locations, Sussex County. Prevalent in
tassels and silks, Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). SOUTH CAROLINA - Catch
highest of season and higher than any week in 1956, Charleston. (Reid). Showing
increase at Clemson. (Cochran). Decreasing at Florence. (Walker). GEORGIA -
Moderate on grain sorghum, Jackson County. (Johnson, Aug. 12). ALABAMA - Light
infestations on heads of grain sorghum, Lee County. (Maddox). WISCONSIN - Adults
present, normal buildup expected next few weeks. Larvae quite numerous in some
green market sweet corn. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). INDIANA - Common on field and sweet
corn, many parts of State. (Gould). MISSOURI - All larval stages in grain
sorghum heads, southeast area, averaging 3 per head. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS -
Light infestations in heads of milo and sorghum, south central counties, with
4-20 percent of heads infested with 1-3 larvae. Corn infestations generally

100 percent. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Numerous some peanut fields over State,
damaging up to 50 percent of terminals. (Walton). UTAH - Eggs for second
generation being laid. Preparations for general control underway. (Dorst).
Damaging corn in south and central areas. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on
field corn over State. (Durkin, Aug. 3). NEW YORK - Activity has been slowed
down by cool weather the last two weeks. (Muka).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - On corn adults average
120-1520 per 100 plantstem(@lLliwins:) Surv.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - RHODE ISLAND - Moderate infestation of
sweet corn, Block Island. (Mathewson, Stoner). DELAWARE - Destructive to corn
throughout State. Virtually 100 percent infestation, southern Kent County.
Infesting Sudan grass generally. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Light to
moderate injury to tassels and top leaves, all sections. Predators active.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - High populations in Lower Peninsula. Sweet
corn needing treatment at Grand Rapids, Detroit and Battle Creek. Very prevalent,
Hillsdale County. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Over 80 percent infestation in many
fields, southern counties. Infestations of 92-100 percent in fields in six
east central counties. Damage observed on leaves. Increase in flight activity
and population size indicated at Madison. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO —- Continues
severe on corn over much of northern portions of State. (C. R. Neiswander).
KANSAS - No economic infestations found in central and south central areas.
(Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue to decline in sorghum over the
State. (Henderson).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - WASHINGTON - Few in west central Ferry County.
New infestation according to recent survey records. (Parkinson, Aug. 9).

DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Adult and larval infestations
in corn continue light to moderate, most places. (Milliron, Conrad).

A GRASSWORM (Mocis sp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on corn, Sudan grass, crab-
grass and millet, Tift County. (McGill, Aug. 9).

WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - WISCONSIN - Several reports of damage to lawns.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 681 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - All larval stages causing moderate
to heavy damage to corn throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND -—
Infestations in whorls of late corn general but spotty. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Severe local damage to sweet corn, Stanly and Wake Counties.
(Scott). MISSOURI - Damage to late corn and small grain sorghums continues over
State. Larvae range one-half to full-grown, central and northern thirds of State.
Corn infested 95-100 percent with 3-11 larvae per plant and.small grain sorghum
5-45 percent with 1-4 per plant in southeastern area. Very few larvae in ears of
late corn. Alfalfa has 1-2 larvae per sweep. Moth flight moderate over State.
(Kyd, Thomas). WISCONSIN - Seen in corn in 5 east central counties, never over

8 percent of plants infested. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).' ILLINOIS - Damaging 0-64 percent
of corn plants in western and west-southwestern sections. (I11]1. Ins. Surv.).
INDIANA - Serious feeding on leaves of field corn, southern portions. Damage on
late corn not in tassel, Aug. 9. (Gould). OHIO - Severe infestation on corn
throughout State. (C. R. Neiswander). KANSAS - Infestations continue in late-
planted sorghum and corn. In south central counties 20-96 percent infestation
averaging 1-3 larvae per infested plant. Moth flights still evident. (Matthew) .
OKLAHOMA —- Locally heavy in sorghum areas. (Vick, Henderson). LOUISIANA -— Remains
heavy over State, damaging corn, alfalfa and pasture grasses. (Oliver).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - In addition to the find in
Buffalo reported in June, four newly-infested locations found outside regulated
area: City of Lockport, Niagara County; towns of Camillus and Manlius, Onondaga
County and town of Waterloo, Seneca County. Scouting in regulated areas revealed
some spread in Monroe and Ontario Counties and rather extensive spread in Onondaga
County. No chafers reported from previously-infested areas of Niagara Falls,
Elmira, Minette and treated areas of Buffalo and Camillus. CONNECTICUT - In
Meriden area, continued increase and a slight outward spread. Scouting and
trapping at numerous selected locations in all other Eastern Region States,
including the Capon Bridge, WEST VIRGINIA infested location, gave negative results.
(PPC, E. Reg., July Rept.).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ALABAMA - Doing 15-20 percent head damage
on tight variety, Tennessee Valley Substation. (Guyton). Attacking 10 percent
of heads of grain sorghum, Camden. (Hays). MISSOURI - Light to moderate numbers
of larvae in grain sorghums southeast area, averaging 4 per head. Future
generations expected to cause increasing amount of damage. (Kyd, Thomas).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Aggrevating drought damage, one-half to one-third lower leaves lost on

alfalfa, some fields Franklin and Wake Counties. (Farrier). Average 65 per
sweep, Haywood County. General throughout Piedmont and mountain counties.
(Dogger). MICHIGAN - None reported from Upper Peninsula. (Janes). ILLINOIS -
On legumes in western and west-southwestern sections, 0-60 per 100 sweeps.
Present as far north as Hancock County in the Mississippi Valley. (igi, WKS, wea.)
MISSOURI - Slow buildup over eastern half of State, most pronounced in extreme
southeast area with 4-95 aphids per sweep. Heavier counts in southern Pemiscot
County probably reduced to noneconomic levels by heavy rains. (Kyd, Thomas).
NEBRASKA - Very light population in McCook area, Red Willow County. (Andersen).
KANSAS - Populations building up to high levels in southern counties. In

south central areas counts were 200-1200 per sweep, lower populations in central
area. Alfalfa with new growth heavily infested, honeydew abundant. Predator
populations vary, 3-40 lady beetles per sweep. (Matthew). TEXAS - Very light to
light on alfalfa, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). UTAH - Required
substantial spray program Millard County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Winged and
wingless specimens collected, west side Pyramid Lake, and northeast of Gerlach,
Washoe County. Latter area most northern record for this county. (Bechtel,
Hilbig, Aug. 9).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) trifolii) - IOWA - Damaging
new seedings of red clover. (fowa Ins. In

- 682 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Population fairly high in some alfalfa
and red clover fields. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). MICHIGAN - Alfalfa fields show low
populations, Upper Peninsula. (Janes). NEBRASKA - Slight increase over last
week, western Republican Valley area; 160-180 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

UTAH — Control needed in some alfalfa fields, Millard County. (Knowlton).

NEVADA - From 150-300 per sweep in alfalfa areas of Nye County. (Parker, Aug.
9). WASHINGTON - In 24 fields in 5 counties populations averaged 1.2-850

per sweep. (Dailey, Aug. 9).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - Some severe infestation on clover
fields, Twin Falls County. Control initiated. (Gibson). Numbers decreased in
southwestern areas by predators and parasites. (Waters).

LYGUS BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris numerous in alfalfa, several places

New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - L. lineolaris light to
moderate on alfalfa. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO - Lygus spp. remain high
enough on alfalfa, Canyon County, to warrant control. (Waters). UTAH - Abundant
in alfalfa, sometimes orchard undercover plants. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON -

L. hesperus and L. elisus in 24 fields in 5 counties averaged 0-23.5 nymphs,
0.1-12.8 adults per sweep. (Dailey, Aug. 9).

PLANT BUGS - WISCONSIN - Adelphocoris lineolatus populations very high in many
fields of alfalfa, will greatly reduce seed yield. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
ILLINOIS - On legumes in western and west-southwestern sections, 0-560 adults
and 10-1240 nymphs per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - A. rapidus
numerous in alfalfa, New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). a

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Unusual
numbers in alfalfa several locations, New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) - WASHINGTON -
Fifteen adults per 25 sweeps in red clover near Chehalis. (Johansen, Aug. 9).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Drastic
population reduction in alfalfa fields for past week. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) -— UTAH - Infesting seed alfalfa, scattered areas.
(Knowlton). NEVADA - Alfalfa seed crop complete loss one field near Baker,
White Pine County. (Parker, Aug. 9).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella (Chamb.))* -— OKLAHOMA —- Attacked 96
percent of terminals, several fields, Caddo County, with 85 percent infested.
Second-generation pupation beginning, Aug. 3. Second generation on peanuts
almost completed. Infestation widespread over State, 80-100 percent of current
shoots damaged. Moths numerous in fields. (Walton).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ILLINOIS —- Abundant on legumes in western
and west-southwestern sections, 0-240 larvae per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Surv.).
LOUISIANA - Continues in alfalfa, 50-150 per 100 sweeps, Bossier, Caddo and Red
River Parishes. (Oliver). MISSOURI - Severe damage to alfalfa over much of
State with counts of 3-21 larvae per sweep central and southeastern areas.
Damage to small soybeans continues, widely-scattered fields, northern half of
State. (Kyd, Thomas).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - WASHINGTON - Up to 75 per 25 sweeps in seed
red clover near Chehalis. Considerable foliage notching. (Johansen, Aug. 9).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damage light to
moderate on soybeans, approaching severe, some areas Craven and Lenoir Counties.
(Scott). SOUTH CAROLINA - Considerable damage to soybeans, Clarendon County.
(Nettles, et al.).

*V. T. Chambers (Canad. Ent. 7:92, 1875) originally described the species as
basqueella, not bosqueella as listed in the Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 1(4) :12,29,1955.

- 683 -

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Averaged 2-23 per sweep on alfalfa,
Montgomery and Frederick Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Populations
remain high in alfalfa, causing greater reduction in yield than other forage
insects. Movement to new seedings continues. Reports in many counties indicate
high populations severely damaged unsprayed plantings. (Wis. Ins. Surv.)

ILLINOIS - On legumes in western and west-southwestern sections, 60-600 adults,
0-400 nymphs per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - Populations remain
high, Republican Valley area, 180-360 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Feeding on soybeans, some on
silks of corn in Newton County. Grubs averaged 10 per foot of row in soybeans,
under corn hills, averaged 18 larvae, 15 eggs. (Gould).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEW JERSEY - Some injury to soybean
leaves. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MARYLAND - Light to moderate on alfalfa. Moderate
to heavy on Eastern Shore on soybeans, over 20 per sweep, one field, Queen Annes
County. Pupation underway, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Light to moderate soybean damage, Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).
ILLINOIS - On legumes in western and west-southwestern sections 0-340 per 100
sweeps,on soybeans 0-120 per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Surv.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Damaging many alfalfa fields, east central and southeast areas, with up to 34
larvae per 10 sweeps. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger).

BLISTER BEETLES - ILLINOIS - From 0-100 per 100 sweeps on legumes in western

and west-southwestern sections. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Noticeable leaf
injury to soybeans by Epicauta sp., Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

MINNESOTA - Epicauta spp. numerous on alfalfa, Renville, Chippewa, Kandiyohi and
Meeker Counties. Minn. Ins. Rept.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Averaged 2-3 per sweep on alfalfa,
Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph) .

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ILLINOIS - From 0-220 per 100 sweeps
on soybeans in western and west-southwestern sections. (Ill. Ins. Surv.).
LOUISIANA - Considerable numbers in soybeans in southern areas, up to 50 per
100 sweeps in some fields. (Oliver).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEBRASKA — Counts of 1-2 adults per 100 sweeps,
Arthur County. New county record. (Andersen).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations increasing
in alfalfa, east central and southeast areas. Some fields show 30 per 10 sweeps.
(Lofgren, Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Counts of 60-160 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa,
southwestern areas. (Andersen). TEXAS - Heavy locally on alfalfa, Denton
County. (Petty).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate
on alfalfa. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — Common on soybeans locally Kent
County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Larval counts of 60 per 100 sweeps,
Republican Valley area. (Andersen). TEXAS - Averaged 1-2 per sweep on alfalfa,
Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - To July 31, 2,351 fields

sampled in six states in PPC Central Region involving 102 counties. Positive finds
have been recorded in 53 fields involving 2,603 acres. Fifty of the positive
samples, representing 2,403 acres, from MISSOURI: 48 Pemiscot County, 1 New Madrid
County and 1 Stoddard County. Three infested fields comprising 200 acres were
located in Fulton County, KENTUCKY. (PPC, Cent. Reg.).

WEBWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Populations locally heavy in sorghums, Garvin County.
(Henderson). IOWA - Threatening new seedings, especially in dry areas. Moving
from alfalfa to soybeans, Decatur County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

- 684 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults
on soybeans, Edgecombe County. (Jones, Dogger). LOUISIANA -Remains in alfalfa,
up to 500 per 100 sweeps, Bossier, Caddo and Red River Parishes. (Oliver).
TEXAS - Averaged 2-4 per sweep on alfalfa, Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph).

SPIDER MITES - NEW JERSEY - Causing defoliation of soybeans in widespread areas.
(Ins.-Dis. News.). MARYLAND - General on soybeans, Wicomico, Dorchester,

Talbot and Queen Annes Counties. Injury in some fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Severe damage to soybeans and limas by Tetranychus atlanticus, many
places, southern half of State. Up to 50 percent foliage drop common,
especially on soybeans. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Tetranychus sp.
severe on peanuts, Martin County. (Scott, Farrier).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS - UTAH - Damaging alfalfa in some fields, Sanpete
County. (Knowlton). Still serious in alfalfa, Millard and other counties.
(Rickenbach, Knowlton).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Became active
on soybeans, Saluda County Aug. 8. (Nettles, et al.). ALABAMA - Damaging
soybeans, Mobile County. (Shotts). LOUISIANA - Continues to buildup in soybeans,
damaging populations as far north as Tensas Parish. (Oliver). GEORGIA -
Moderate to heavy on velvetbeans and peanuts, Coffee County. (Davenport,

Aug. 12).

FRUIT INSECTS

APHIDS - IDAHO - Heavy on black walnut trees at Parma. (Waters). Aphis pomi
injuring new growth on apple trees in many parts of southeast where control
measures omitted. (Bishop).

APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - OREGON - Becoming more
troublesome in backyard plantings of apple trees throughout the Willamette
Valley. (Capizzi, Jones).

APPLE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Psorosina hammondi) - WASHINGTON - Larvae and cocoons
on apple and flowering crab apple in Puyallup and Tacoma areas. Damage heavy

and becoming severe. Infestation this season exceptionally heavy. (Breakey,

Aug. 9).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) -— MICHIGAN - Adult populations lower than a
year ago in Lansing, Stockbridge, St. Johns and Ionia areas. (Hutson, Aug. 8).
WISCONSIN - Although population is light, adults and occasional oviposition
punctures in apples. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO - Large numbers of larvae
emerging from unsprayed early apples. (Cutright).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Reported heavy on peaches in
Modesto area of Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - OREGON - Second-brood infestations
quite heavy in neglected cranberry bogs in ClatsopCounty, August 14. (Goeden).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Very heavy infestation
on pecans, Lee County. (Guyton).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Inspections continue to be
negative. (White).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - WISCONSIN - Moderate population in Door
County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - Heavy on apple foliage in south central
Sussex County. (Kelsey). OHIO - Infestations starting to decline but still
serious. (Cutright). IDAHO - In high numbers in a prune orchard, Canyon County.
(Scott).

- 685 -

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Summer brood emerged in Traverse
City-Cheboygan area. Control may be needed in September. (Hutson). INDIANA -
Second-brood entrances approaching peak on apples, Orleans area. (Marshall).

NEW JERSEY - Third-brood appearing in southern area. Not all orchards affected.
(Merrill). WISCONSIN - Moderate populations in Crawford County where second-
brood moths and new entries observed. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - New entries
indicate continued activity in apple orchards, Sussex County. (Kelsey). OHIO -
Infestations generally below normal. (Cutright).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Eggs and adults moderate
to abundant in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Statewide on pecan, persimmon and
plum trees. (Oliver). OREGON - Infestations on a variety of host trees appear
more abundant than normal in Willamette Valley. Up to 5 tents per tree in
Marion County. Infestation in prune trees at Dundee. (Stephenson).

A GRAPE LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura elegantula) - WASHINGTON - More prevalent than
for several years. (Frick, Aug. 9)

GRAPE CURCULIO (Craponius inaequalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting muscadine
grape Wake County, one larva per berry. (Scott, Dogger).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - WASHINGTON - Troublesome on grape from
Kennewick to Grandview. Control applied. Very light in Sunnyside area.
(Johansen, Frick, Aug. 9). Light to heavy on grapes. Honeydew over fruit and
foliage. Concern whether or not crop will be accepted by processors. (Yakima
Co., Keene).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults numerous in
infested areas. Attacking many fruits and truck crops in Pickens County.
(Nettles). RHODE ISLAND - Adults feeding on many hosts, Block Island.
(Mathewson, Stoner).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - TEXAS - Inspections continue to
be negative. (White).

ORCHARD MITES - UTAH - Serious problem in many Salt Lake County orchards.
(Knowlton). IDAHO -— Moderate numbers of Bryobia sp. found in a prune orchard.
(Scott). WASHINGTON - A usual late summer flare-up of Tetranychus telarius
in Wenatchee and Wenatchee River areas resulted in moderate damage to apple.
(Ballard, Aug. 9). INDIANA - Spider mites showing no tendency to slow down
on apples for the season, Orleans area. (Marshall). DELAWARE - Tetranychus
schoenei numerous in apple orchards, south central Sussex County. (Kelsey,
Mailliron).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MICHIGAN - Extremely low in early-
ripening peaches in Benton Harbor-South Haven area, August 6. (Hutson).

PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on apples
in Fresno area of Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - WASHINGTON - Mature second-generation larvae causing
moderate to severe damage to pear, cherry and hawthorn in several areas.
Infestation throughout western Washington is most extensive noted in several
years. (Breakey, Aug. 9).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - First report for Contra Costa
County, south of Alamo. Medium infestation on 20-30 acres. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

SHOT-HOLE BORERS - UTAH —- Severely damaging young cherry trees at Hurricane and
in an orchard at Orem. (Knowlton).

- 686 -

RED-BANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - A heavy flight occur-
red in Crawford County. Heavy feeding on skins of not recently-sprayed apples.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO -— Injury by second-generation larvae not as heavy as
expected. (Cutright).

A STINK BUG - WASHINGTON - Severe. Damaging entire clusters of grapes in
vineyard at Grandview. (Keene).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - LOUISIANA - Infesting pecans over
southern area. Many trees completely defoliated in areas of St. Landry and
West Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Sixteen adults taken in
Sonoma Valley, evidently from 4 trees missed by sprays, August 9. Heavy infesta-
tion on walnuts in Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County. First report of a
commercial grove infested in county. A total of 400 adults taken in traps.

(Cal. Coop. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

APHIDS - DELAWARE - M. solanifolii light to moderate on tomatoes some areas of
Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEW JERSEY - Cabbage aphids severe in Cape
May area. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MAINE - Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii,
Myzus persicae and M. solani continue to increase, Moderate to very large
populations on potatoes, Presque Isle. (Shands).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Populations declining rapidly
on crops;scarce in Columbia Basin and Yakima areas. A small buildup expected in
September. An extremely large and sustained migration originated in Babcock
Ridge area west of Quincy. (Landis, Aug. 9). DELAWARE - Decreased on peppers
at most places. Numerous on pumpkin-squash some areas Sussex County and on

same host in Kent and New Castle Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - UTAH - At least 12 fields now infested
in Davis, Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Dorst). DELAWARE - About one half of a
two-acre planting infested, south central Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

MITES - NEW JERSEY - Damage to tomato plantings. (Ins.-Dis. News.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults taken on potato
showing severe "hopperburn"™, Block Island. (Mathewson, Stoner). DELAWARE -
Prevalent on potatoes one location, Kent County and on castorbeans in Sussex
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Eggs and larvae increasing on tomatoes
in all sections. Heavier than usual on tomatoes. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE — Light to moderate damage by P. sexta to tomatoes, generally. Light
feeding on peppers, some areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs hatching on potatoes
in southern area. (Ins.-Dis. News.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate damage to
tomato foliage in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - DELAWARE - Abundant on untreated
tomatoes, New Castle County. Numerous on late potatoes, one place, Kent County.
(Milliron, Conrad).

GARDEN SYMPHYLID (Scutigerella immaculata) - WASHINGTON - Heavy damage to tomatoes,
beans and peppermint at Longview. Spreading over about 1,000 acres. (Adlard).

- 687 -

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Troublesome on
late potatoes, Kent County and on tomatoes, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

FLEA BEETLES - IDAHO — Extremely abundant on mustard in Bingham, Custer, Butte,
Bonneville and Fremont Counties. In some cases, plants completely defoliated.
(Bishop). MAINE - Epitrix cucumeris light on potato foliage, Presque Isle.
(Shands). DELAWARE — E. cucumeris common in late potatoes at one place, Kent
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - DELAWARE - Common on tomatoes, central Kent
County. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - E. pestifera causing severe damage
to tomatoes locally in Vance and Wake Counties and other areas. (Scott).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Increasing on
potatoes in Quincy area of Columbia Basin. Control applied some fields. Found
in all early hops in 20 yards examined near Moxee and area west of Wapato.
Counts of 1-15 mites per 10 leaves. Control applied. Heavy on one yard of hops
at Sunnyside, profuse webbing. (Landis, Dailey, Johansen, Aug. 9). This species
and Aphis fabae heavy and yellowing foliage of sugar beets near Quincy.
(Johansen). IDAHO - Infestations on beans and potatoes in fields near Hazelton
and Rupert. (Gibson). MINNESOTA - Mites, mainly this species, serious on
raspberry plants and evergreens in Thief River Falls area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate injury on bean leaves with 6 to 8 mites per
leaf in Wake County. (Jones, Farrier).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - RHODE ISLAND - Pupae and larvae on
beans, Block Island. (Mathewson, Stoner). WEST VIRGINIA - Light to mediun,
statewide, on beans. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA — Population increased on
beans and some damage occurred. Counts in panhandle area of 5-8 per 25 sweeps.
(Andersen) .

THRIPS - IDAHO -— A number of moderate infestations on beans in Twin Falls area.
(Gibson).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Moderate leaf and pod injury
to lima beans at several locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron,
Conrad).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - INDIANA - Not abundant this year. (Gould).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - INDIANA -Adults
common on beans, squash, melons and cucumbers, especially in the blossoms and
common in flowers of gladioli. (Gould).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Considerable damage to
cantaloups in Anderson County. (Nettles).

CABBAGEWORMS - NEW YORK - Cabbageworms, particularly loopers, building up.
(N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Populations on onions still high in
Smith Valley, Lyon County. Continued hatching of loopers is indicated by first
instar larvae. (Lauderdale, Aug. 9.). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate infestations of
larvae on cabbage in two areas. (Mathewson, Stoner). DELAWARE - Injuring
cabbage and tomatoes generally. Common on pumpkin-squash, northwest Sussex
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - RHODE ISLAND - Moderate on cabbage, Block
Island. (Mathewson, Stoner).

PURPLE-BACKED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis pallidata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on
cabbage, Monongalia County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

- 688 -

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - MISSISSIPPI - Reported to haye destroyec
every garden in a small community of Sharkey County. (Hutchins).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - LOUISIANA - Infesting sweetpotatoes in St.
Landry Parish area, control applied some fields. (Oliver).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Infesting sweetpotatoes, with up to
300 per 100 sweeps in fields in St. Landry and Lafayette Parishes. (Oliver).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Third-generation adult emergence reaching
peak in southwest with maggot activity at a low point between generations. About
90 percent of onions damaged in untreated fields and 20-80 percent in treated
fields. (Scott).

A LYCAENID BUTTERFLY - IDAHO - Larvae in large numbers on hops, Canyon County.
Feeding confined to clusters with considerable cluster drop. (Scott).

CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) - WASHINGTON - Larvae caused severe damage to
300 acres of carrots in Sammamish Valley area of northwestern King County.
(Howitt) July 26).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - RHODE ISLAND - Light on beets, 2-3 per
leaf burrow, Block Island. (Mathewson, Stoner).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - Three to 40 larvae per plant in
a sugar beet field in Power County, considerable defoliation. (Schow, Bishop).

WESTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus bakeri) - OREGON - Beetles collected this
spring on blooms of thimbleberry and blackberries at Mohler and Elsie have been
determined as the above species by T. J. Spilman. (Larson).

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - WASHINGTON - Severe on strawberries
near Puyallup August Ll. Many plants badly stunted. Infestation slow in develop-
ing. (Breakey).

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) - DELAWARE - Causing severe foliage
discoloration, distortion and droppage in lima bean plantings at several places
in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

TOBACCO INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on tobacco. Control
applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Average infestation in
treated fields in Piedmont area 18 percent, untreated 45 percent. Migration
underway in counties from lower Piedmont to coast. (Cott. Lett.). During sea-
son no reports received from growers in Florence area of trouble with any

cotton insect except boll weevil. This insect was only pest causing economic
damage to any fields planted at normal time in which field tests were conducted.
(Walker et al.). TENNESSEE - Cotton maturing rapidly but conditions remain ideal
for further buildup and situation continues serious. Heavy migrations from some
older fields. Considerable damage to older bolls in many southern counties.
Several heavy infestations in Lake, Obion and Dyer Counties where usually prac-
tically no weevils. Weevils overwintered in some parts of these counties. Aver—
age square infestation in 83 fields was 44 percent for infested fields compared
with 30 last week. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Average of 34 percent infestation in
119 fields in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). Four fields in St. Landry Parish
had 11 percent infestation, 30 in Bossier had 18, 320 in Caddo had 17, 67 in

- 689 -

Ouachita had 12 and 72 in Tensas had 18. High infestations in 15 fields in Rich-
land Parish. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Activity decreasing somewhat from dry weather.
Infestations in 2 areas of Elmore County varied from 10-26 percent in treated
cotton and 40-48 percent in untreated cotton. (Arant). ARKANSAS - Third-
generation emergence underway in old cotton over State. Sharp rises in infesta-
tions with some local migration. Infestation increase normal for time of year.
(Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Continues at low level in treated irrigated fields in
McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parenecia et al.). Light in most areas where in-
sect occurs but some medium to heavy populations in south central and east

areas. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 9). OKLAHOMA - A parasite apparently reducing
boll weevils in one case at Duke, Jackson County. (Burke). MISSOURI - Consider-
able increase in percentage of punctured squares; 58 of 402 fields had infesta-
tions of 1-46 percent. (Kyd, Thomas).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Increasing in areas having
second growth in mature cotton. (Cott. Lett.). Experimental field planted

June 27 in Florence area had 36 percent of square damage in untreated plots with
average of 10 larvae per 100 squares. (Walker et al.). TENNESSEE - General
infestation with control needed in many fields. Considerable boll injury.
(Locke). LOUISIANA -— Average of 19.4 eggs and .6 larva per 100 terminals in

10 fields in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). Some very heavy infestations,

up to 30 percent of bolls infested, in St. Landry Parish. Average of 5 larvae
per 100 boils, squares and terminals in 350 fields in Caddo and Bossier Parishes.
(Oliver). ALABAMA - Some damage. (Arant). ARKANSAS - Still present in many
fields, heavy in a few. (Barnes et al.). TEXAS - Light to heavy over most of
State. Egg deposition heavy in areas where cotton succulent. (Turney, Martin,
Aug. 9). Decrease in eggs in succulent cotton by August 16 in Waco area.

Average of 15.9 eggs and 3.8 larvae per 100 terminals in 34 such fields.
(Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Increasing in all cotton areas. Heavy egg
deposition continuing in most areas. (Meharg, Stoner). CALIFORNIA - Eggs and
small larvae becoming more abundant in some areas near Bakersfield, Kern County.
Beneficial insects continue effective in some cases. Similar situation in
Fresno area. Counts continue low in Imperial County except in some treated
fields; predators numerous most fields. (Cal. Cott. Lett.). MISSOURI - Light
to heavy scattered over cotton area; 338 of 402fields had 0-9 eggs andj1-75 larvae
per 100 plants. Heaviest infestation and damage in Pemiscot, southern half of
Dunklin and southern third of New Madrid Counties. (Kyd, Thomas).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Boll inspection in 6 fields
in Falls County showed average of 3.7 percent infestation with average of 1
larva per infested boll. Eleven moths in light trap week ending August 16; high
for season. (Parencia et al.). Populations continue to build up in late-
maturing fields in Rio Grande Valley and Corpus Christi areas. Very light in
upper coastal and east Texas areas. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 9). OKLAHOMA - Over
28,000 blooms inspected in 20 fields in Beckham, Dewey, Greer, Jackson, Washita
and Wagoner Counties and no pink bollworm found. (Burke, Robinson).

LOOPERS - LOUISIANA —- Trichoplusia ni and other species have been heavy in many
fields in southern areas. Control measures generally not too good. Very high
percentage of heavy population diseased and parasitized in St. Landry and
Acadia Parishes. Light populations in cotton as far north as Shreveport.
(Oliver). ALABAMA — Defoliation by T. ni in Dallas County. (Arant). Injury
in Coffee and Geneva Counties. (Stephenson). OKLAHOMA - Cabbage loopers
appearing in greater numbers than last week especially in Jackson County.
(Stiles, Meharg).

SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Serious in many fields where bolls not mature.
(Cott. Lett.). Some of most serious damage to cotton in 30 years at Clemson.
(Nettles). TENNESSEE - Some heavy infestations but spotted within fields. Heavier
following weevil and bollworm control. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Increased in many
fields. Still occurring in spots in most fields. (Barnes et al.).

- 690 - .

OKLAHOMA - Widespread light infestation, locally heavy in parts of Caddo, Kiowa
and Jackson Counties. (Stoner).

LEAFWORMS —- OKLAHOMA —- Damaging numbers in eastern, southern and western cotton-
growing counties. (Vick, Hudson, Stiles). Seem main threat to cotton in south-
west areas. (Burke). "Ragging" cotton in south central counties, controls not
adequate in some cases. (Pela).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Has been controlled and
caused little damage in most cases. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Small numbers

in southern counties. (Locke). LOUISIANA — Defoliated many cotton fields in
Acadia, St. Landry and Evangeline Parishes with infestations north to Shreveport.
Very little trouble where routine control practiced. (Oliver). TEXAS -

Seemed to be major insect damaging cotton in most areas, Aug. 9. Heavy infestation
in coastal bend, north and west to the plains area. (Turney, Martin).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue to build up in lower Piedmont cotton fields.
(Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Continue to increase. Control in many fields.
(Locke). LOUISIANA - A few fields show honeydew conditions in Madison Parish
but mostly where calcium arsenate alone has been used. (Smith et al.).
ARKANSAS - Continue to increase in many fields. (Barnes et al.).

WHITEFLIES - TEXAS - Heavy in Cottle, Baylor and Hardeman Counties but unlikely
to cause economic damage. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 9).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light to heavy, but in most areas cotton sufficiently
advanced to suffer little damage. (Turney, Martin Aug. 9).

PLANT BUGS - TENNESSEE - Increasing with some damage in rank cotton. (Locke).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - MICHIGAN - Defoliated about

100,000 acres of oak in Crawford, Roscommon and Montmorency Counties. This is

a considerable reduction from last year. (Hutson, Aug. 8). WISCONSIN -
Infestations have been light in maple in Shawano, Langlade and Marinette Counties,
where complete defoliation occurred past two years. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

WHITE-PINE CONE BEETLE (Conophthorus coniperda) - WISCONSIN — Many immature white
pine cones have dropped in Iowa County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - WASHINGTON - Heavy on true firs covering
around 400,000 acres at Castle Rock, Cowlitz County. (Adlard).

SAWFLIES - WEST VIRGINIA - Cephalica marginata heavy on Colorado blue spruce in
Tucker County. Neodiprion sp. medium to heavy on red pine Raleigh County.
(W. Va. Ins. Sur.

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA —- Attacking pines in east
central area. (Hyche).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - Again abundant in DELAWARE,
PENNSYLVANIA, WEST VIRGINIA, southern CONNECTICUT and NEW YORK and northern
NEW JERSEY. (NE For. Pest Rept.). INDIANA —- Invading buds of Scotch and red
pine at LaPorte. (Schuder).

PINE TIP MOTHS - ARKANSAS - Considerable activity throughout southern pine belt
and some other areas. (Ark. State For. Comm. Aug. 1).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on red pine in
Pocahontas County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Occurring on native spruce
near Middle River. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

- 691 -

DISTRIBUTION OF

MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus mon

t Pest Leaflet 2, Jume 1955

USDA Fores

- 692 -

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - WISCONSIN - Light defoliation of oak,
basswood and birch in Marathon, Door, Shawano and Oconto Counties. Insect mostly
mature, Heavy populations reported south of Iron River, Bayfield County;
moderate in Washburn and Sawyer Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - NEW YORK - Heavy on white and Scotch
pines in Essex County. (NE For. Pest Rept.).

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Higher populations and more
severe defoliation occurred in generally-infested area in northeastern Maine.
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Light populations found in Coos County during late June. (NE
For. Pest Rept., Aug. 10).

IPS BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Occurrence and damage slightly heavier in southwest than
in other areas. (Ark. Sta. For. Comm., Aug. 1).

MAPLE LEAF CUTTER (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) - VERMONT - Continuing serious
problem. MASSACHUSETTS - Scattered, small infestation in northwestern area.
(NE For. Pest Rept.).

OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) — MASSACHUSETTS - Prevalent in eastern
area. (NE For. Pest Rept.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - WISCONSIN - Complete defoliation of
some walnut trees in Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - DELAWARE - Heavy most areas, noticeable
discoloration of foliage. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Injuring sycamore
in Durham, Orange and Wake Counties. (Scott).

COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - IDAHO - Continues abundant on
maples in Twin Falls. (Gibson).

BAGWORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Serious damage to spruce and other related ornamentals
at Seneca. Stripping roses, Anderson County. (Nettles). MARYLAND - Thyridopteryx
ephemeraeformis heavy on arborvitae, cedar and deciduous trees and shrubs in all
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Bagworm infesting juniper in

Fargo area. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - DELAWARE - Moderate to heavy injury
to elms southern Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). IDAHO - Second-
generation larvae appearing. Very heavy some locations. (Waters). ALABAMA -
Unusually severe for Lee County, complete skeletonization on elms. (Arant).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - RHODE ISLAND - Generally distributed on Block
Island, particularly on bayberry. (Mathewson, Stoner). INDIANA - Extremely
heavy in northern area on black walnut, hickory, wild cherry and oak. (Schuder).

SYCAMORE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota harrisii) - INDIANA - Unusually abundant at
Lafayette. Defoliation of many Sycamores almost complete. (Schuder).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - INDIANA - Defoliation catalpa trees in
northern area. (Gould).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - INDIANA - Heavily damaging black locust
over State. (Schuder).

TENT CATERPILLARS - NEVADA - Moderate to heavy damage to shrubs in Reno area and
sections of Lyon County. (Parker, Aug. 9).

RHODODENDRON LACE BUG (Stephanitis rhododendri) - WEST VIRGINIA -— Medium on
rhododendron in Raleigh County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.).

- 693 -

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ILLINOIS - Found in 3 new locations near
former boundary of old infestations at East St. Louis and Chicago. MISSOURI -
Seven beetles trapped in St. Louis. MICHIGAN - Total of 81 beetles taken in

8 towns in Wayne County. Beetles found in city of Wayne for first time.
WISCONSIN - Two beetles collected: One in Mitchell Park (Milwaukee) area
adjacent to Milawukee Railroad yards, approximately 800 yards from where only
beetle trapped in 1956; the other collected in Milawukee Railroad yards at
Sturtevant in Racine County. Heavy emergence in untreated areas near Sheldon,
ILLINOIS and in parts of INDIANA near Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Plymouth and
South Bend. (PPC, Cent. Reg., July Rept.).

LILAC LEAF MINER (Gracilaria syringella) - WASHINGTON - Severe damage to lilacs
and privets at Bellingham, Ferndale, Mcunt Vernon and Puyallup; many plants
defoliated. More abundant in western Washington than for several years.
(Breakey). Also severe at Elma, Montesano and Aberdeen. (Weyrich).

A LACEBUG - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on buckeye in Pocahontas County. (W. Va. Ins.
Surv.).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - CALIFORNIA - Adults reared from Poinciana
gilliesii on which heavy larval populations had developed, Sacramento County.

(Cal. Coop. Rept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA - For week ending August 9 light trap in Onslow
County collected 605 Aedes taeniorhynchus and 1040 A. sollicitans. (Ashton).
CALIFORNIA - Cal. Dept. Public Health reports Culex stigmatosoma is second in
abundance to Culex tarsalis in most reporting districts of State. Four species
prevalent in San Joaquin Valley: A. nigromaculis, C. quinquefasciatus, Anopheles
freeborni and C. tarsalis, the first three surpass the latter in abundance in
some cases. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - Serious population on dairy and
beef animals over State, 20-40 per animal. Considerable annoyance common.
(Jones).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Fifty to 60 larvae in
wound of dog in Craven County, July 31. (Cooperrider, Dogger).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - UTAH - Becoming greater problem in several counties.
(Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Very abundant on untreated animals in northwestern area.
(Jones). IOWA - Increasing after period of low numbers. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

KANSAS - From 200-800 per animal in south central and central counties.

(Matthew) .

HOUSE FLIES —- MARYLAND - Musca domestica heavy around dairy barns and hog pens
on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Becoming more of a problem in
several counties. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - High population of M. domestica
throughout State. Counts on cloth strips (2'x1") laid out for 3 minutes ranged
from 200-500 per strip. (Jones).

HORSE FLIES - KANSAS - eee sulcifrons bothering cattle in pastures of several
central and south central counties. (Matthew). OHIO - Horse flies unusually
abundant throughout State. (Goleman).

FLEAS — KANSAS - Great discomfort to humans in several areas. (Gates).

- 694 -

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - TEXAS - Inspections continue negative.
(White).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Fifty to 60
bushels infested in New Hanover County. Infestation also in Wake County.
(Scott).

ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - MARYLAND - Heavy in earcorn in
cribs in Frederick and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Much annoyance in many
communities. (Knowlton)

LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - MARYLAND —-— Adults and larvae
extremely abundant in corn cob litter of brooder house at Easton. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

A GIANT WATERBUG - GEORGIA - Heavy populations on streets of Douglas, July 29.
(Davenport).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps in legumes in western and west-south—
western areas: Damsel bugs 0-300, lacewing larvae 0-40, lady beetle adults
0-160, lady beetle larvae 0-40. (111. Ins. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Lacewing

eggs very abundant in Fresno County cotton fields. (U. C. Cott. Lett., Aug. 5).
NEBRASKA —- Moderate population of various predators in alfalfa in Republican
Valley area. Per 100 sweeps: nabids 60-220, Orius 60-160, Geocoris 20-35,
lacewings 20-25, lady beetles 20-40. Lady beetle and lacewing populations

down. (Andersen).

APHID PARASITES AND PREDATORS - WASHINGTON - Aphelinus lapisligni controlled
clover aphid in red clover seed fields in Columbia Basin. Populations
averaging 100-150 aphids per head reduced to 5-10 in last two weeks. Up to
80 aphid mummies per clover head. (Johansen). IDAHO - Previous infestation
on crops, trees and home gardens in Moscow area almost completely destroyed
by abundance of parasites and predators. Flights of lacewings and lady
beetles very common in area. (Manis, Portman, Gittins).

Natural Control of Cotton Pests in California

Natural control of cotton pests has been better this season than since introduc-—
tion of new organic insecticides (about 1945) and continues to look promising for
remainder of season. (U. C. Cott. Lett., Aug. 5).

A MINUTE PIRATE BUG (Orius tristicolor) - IDAHO - Populations very high in most
red clover fields in Canyon County. (Waters).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - IDAHO - All stages ex@remely abundant in
alfalfa, hops, clover, potato and onion fields, Canyon County. (Waters, Scott).

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis ferus) - WASHINGTON - More abundant in alfalfa than earlier
in season. (Dailey, Aug. 9).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 7(30):608. BROWN DOG TICK should read LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) .
CEIR 7(33):670. Under STINK BUGS should read NEW MEXICO for NORTH CAROLINA.

- 695 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. lLaphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.

ALABAMA (Counties)

DeKalb 8/10-15 71 399 3 2

Lee 8/10-15 160 35 85 3 4
ARKANSAS

Clarksville 7/30-8/10 9 1

Fayetteville 8/10-16 aL 5 LG)

Hope 8/8-14 2 3

Stuttgart 8/8-14 9

Varner 8/7-13 37 57
FLORIDA

Gainesville 7/18-8/8 ak 26 4

Quiney 7/15 21 82
GEORGIA (Counties)

Spalding 8/9-15 454 84 74 iG 93 384 5 16 2

Tift 8/3-9 76 3 15 67 166 2) Al 1
ILLINOIS

Urbana 8/8-14 117 78 66 63 8 15
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 8/6-10 24 15 32 3 1 6 9

Tippecanoe 8/8-14 90 14 84 5 2 4 2
KANSAS

Garden City 7/25-30 76 50 80 80 29

Hays 7/27-29 16 28 12 20

Manhattan 7/28-8/2, 4-

9,11-16 103 103 1018 105 28

Wathena 7/25-8/10 34 66 121 US) 101
LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge 8/10-16 78 164 2070 515 20

Curtis 8/9-14 80 68 160 56 20
MARYLAND (County)

Wicomico 8/7-12 6 4 PX 16 9
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 8/9-14 43 6 2 iLak 2

Senatobia 8/13 iL Th

State College 8/10-16 40 8 14 3 30 2 6

*Stoneville 8/9-15 243 69 344 325 51 Uf 34
MISSOURI (County)

Boone 7/13-16 48 13 35
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Lancaster 8/5-10 148 316 1 140 29 6 2

Lincoln 8/1-7 757 48 305 24 14 1 11
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Duplin 8/15 30 8 14 69 49 6

Johnston 8/15 34 27 33 105 44
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 8/5-11 42 2 57 41 273 10 1

Florence 8/3-16 527 62 169 We 140 1786 15 105 1

Oconee 8/10-16 39 12 18
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Blount 8/5-12 16 4 44 4 112 40 10 3

Cumberland 17 12 U 1 8 10 12

Greene 50 20 34 4 2 12 3 4

Johnson 84 40 36 20 12 1 3

Knox 114 64 146 4 70 4

Lauderdale 80 4 148 176 76 4 il

Lawrence 48 52 96 88 40

Madison 140 28 35 7 126 4 2,

Monroe 100 108 164 4 36 136 9 7

Robertson 36 8 60 4 96 4 146

*Four traps Stoneville.

- 696 -

LIGHT TRAPS (Continued)

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.

TEXA

Brownsville 8/9-10 16 104 3
WISCONSIN

*Arlington 7/31-8/13 418 3

DeForest 8/6-12 14

Eau Claire 7/25-8/6 2 ie

LaCrosse 8/6 iit 3

Platteville 8/11,12 78 1

Sturgeon Bay 7/31-8/4 77
*Theresa 8/6-12 267 i

*Two traps Arlington; 3 traps Theresa. Other Collections Of Interest: Anticarsia
gemmatilis, Baton Rouge, La., 210; Charleston, S. C., 11; Spalding County, Gawnmes
GaineSville, Fla., 6.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

ARIZONA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID is being controlled by beneficial insects in Pinal
County. Increasing on 20 acres of alfalfa at Solomon, Graham County, Aug. 5.
LYGUS BUGS 2-5 per sweep on alfalfa, Graham County, Aug. 5. Continue to be prin-
cipal pest of cotton, 50 or more per 100 sweeps, from Maricopa to Sta. Cruz Counties
August 9. Decreasing in Pinal County, due to heavy insecticide program, Aug.
12. CABBAGE LOOPER reported 5-8 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Graham County,

and damaging 245 acres of cotton in Pinal County, Aug. 5. BOLLWORMS increasing

in a number of fields from Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties. High infestation

of STINK BUGS in few fields in same area, but general level down. THRIPS con-
tinue high, Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties, Aug. 9. Low numbers of COTTON
LEAFWORM larvae on cotton in Santa Cruz Valley, being first infestation for
several years, Aug. 16. COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR in Pinal County increasing on
cotton. MOSQUITOES abundant in irrigated areas and FIELD CRICKET on decrease

in Pinal County, Aug. 5. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

KOK OK KK KOK KK KK OK KOK OK OK XK

(Weather Continued)

Weekly temperatures for the most part averaged within 4° of normal, except in
northern New York and New England where they were -8° or more below, and in
extreme southern coastal California where they were +6° or more above. Damage
to crops was estimated at $1,000,000 in the Beardsley area of Minnesota as the

result of a wind and hailstorm which struck on the 14th.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 697 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

YELLOW PEACH MOTH* (Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen.)

Economic Importance: This pyraustid is one of the most destructive pests of
peaches in China and cotton in Australia where it causes serious injury to the
bolls. Boll infestations of 27 percent are reported from Queensland. Corn,
grain sorghum, peaches, bananas, papaya and other fruits are damaged also in
Australia. Larval feeding on heads of grain sorghum is sometimes responsible

for almost complete loss of crop in coastal areas of the country. In southern
India and Ceylon D. punctiferalis is a serious pest of castorbean and fruit,
though more important on castorbean causing loss of seed capsules and terminals.
It is also apparently of some significance on pine in Japan as it is occasionally
intercepted at ports of entry on Pinus spp. from that country.

Distribution: Southern and eastern Asia including India, Ceylon, Burma, Malaya,
China, Formosa, Japan and Korea; Australia; Indonesia and New Guinea.

General Distribution of Dichocrocis punctiferalis

*Also called spotted maize moth in Australia and castor seed caterpillar in India.

- 698 -

Hosts: General feeder on foliage and fruits of many plants, though typically a
pod borer. Among hosts are fruits (including citrus), castorbean, soybean, corn,
sorghum, cotton, chestnut, pine and teak.

Life History and Habits: This pest breeds throughout the year in India and parts
of Australia. The small, oval eggs are laid on or near fruit or seeds of hosts.
Larvae feed on or in seed, seed capsules or young shoots. In Australia the larvae
mature in approximately 3 weeks in summer and pupation lasts for 2 to 3 weeks;
however in winter pupation may be prolonged to eight weeks or more. In severe
attacks on sorghum in Australia, plant heads touching each other are bound to-
gether in a tight mass of webbing. The pest also bores into and tunnels the
stalk, although this type of damage is less common in grain sorghum than in corn,

Description: The adult is conspicuous having orange wings with numerous black

spots and a wing expanse of approximately 25 mm. Full-grown larva is 15 to 25 mm.

long, rather stout, pale or reddish brown with numerous flattened horny warts

from which arise short bristly hairs; head red-brown, prothoracic shield large.

The pupa is brown and about 11 mm. long and is enclosed by a white silken cocoon.

(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7(34) 8-23-57

D. punctiferalis Moth, Pupa and Larva (enlarged)

Figures, except map, by W. Manley. Queensland Agr. Jour. 61(4):225. 1945.

7
7
Peec TA ° . -
‘ aval! ao oy * Geegees 9 =4 e )
4,
jie,

SSE
-

WN
SS
SL

ET-

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-

curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

‘
4
7
:

Volume 7 August 30, 1957 Number 35

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS still serious in uncontrolled infestations in Nebraska. Damage to
range in Idaho. Note use of name Melanoplus bilituratus for M. mexicanus.

(p. 701). EUROPEAN CORN BORER outlook continues serious in many areas of
Minnesota; first brood more numerous in northern Wisconsin than last year and
second generation heavier than anticipated in Nebraska. (p. 702).

FALL ARMYWORM damage continues in many States. (p. 702). LESSER CORNSTALK
BORER serious on peanuts some parts of Oklahoma and Texas. (p. 704).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in North Carolina, Kansas and in a few fields
in southwestern Illinois. Building up to severe proportions in northeast
Nebraska. Light to medium in New Mexico. (p. 704). SPIDER MITES serious on
soybeans in Delaware and in eastern Maryland. (p. 705).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM continues of concern in areas of Oklahoma, Georgia and
Texas. (p. 705). GREEN CLOVERWORM damage to soybeans in Delaware and eastern
Nebraska. (p. 706). HARVESTER ANTS building up on rangeland in some New Mexico
counties. (p. 706).

Status of CITRUS BLACKFLY control (map). (p. 708).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE more damaging than for several years in Utah. Infestation in
Juniata County, Pennsylvania. (p. 709). POTATO PSYLLID damaging potatoes and
tomatoes in several Colorado counties. (p. 710).

BOLLWORMS one of main insect problems on cotton in Texas; eggs general in most
southwestern Oklahoma fields; controls applied in Missouri cotton and infestation
heavy in several New Mexico counties. (p. 711). COTTON LEAFWORM continues of
concern in some areas. (p. 712).

MOSQUITOES heavy in some areas of Maryland, Nevada and Utah but unusually low in
California. (p. 714). SCREW-WORM reported from central Kansas. Heavy in Greene
County, Georgia. (p. 714).

KHAPRA BEETLE survey report. (p. 715).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 23 unless otherwise designated.

- 700 -

WEATHER OF WEEK ENDING AUGUST 26

The drought situation of the eastern coastal plains was interrupted over the
weekend as a low pressure disturbance developed off the southeastern coast and
moved northward along the Atlantic shoreline. For the first time this season,
steady, soil-soaking rains, yielding about 1 to over 5 inches of moisture, fell
on the area east of the Appalachians from Georgia to southern New England. Some
stations reported the heaviest falls in nearly a year and the 3.36 inches which
fell at Philadelphia, Pa., was the greatest 24-hour amount observed at that
location since November 1956.

Heavy to moderate precipitation amounts were observed in sections of the nor-
mally dry desert regions of the Southwest as a result of shower activity which
prevailed over that area Several days early in the’ period. At Las Vegas, Nev.,
where the average rainfall for the summer season is only 1.12 inches, 2.55
inches fell in a 6-hour period on Wednesday. A frontal system moving over the
Lakes region on Friday and Saturday accounted for heavy to moderate amounts
observed in southern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and sections southeast of
Lake Erie, while in Florida, totals ranged from 1 to over 6 inches as a result
of a slow-progressing system which took most of the week to move over the
Peninsula. Most of California, Oregon, Washington, and the western Gulf States
were without measurable precipitation, and in the Far West forest fire danger
is reported severe to explosive in Idaho, normal in northern California, and
high in southern sections of the lat*er State.

Cold air masses continued to push into the country from Canada causing a fluc-
tuation in temperatures in the Plains States, and again dropping minimum
readings into the 30's and 40's at higher elevations in the Northeast. Freezing
temperatures caused some damage to home gardens in susceptible areas of south-
western Rhode Island on the 23d, and effects were also reported at Presque Isle,
Maine, on the 21st, 22d, and 23d.

Weekly temperatures averaged near normal west of the Mississippi, generally
ranging above normal in the Northwest, and below in the South. The only excep-
tion being that they were as much as 7° below in southern Nevada. In the East,
departures for the week were below normal with the greatest anomalies being
observed in the Middle Atlantic States where they were -6° to as much as -9°
below the seasonal averages.

(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 701 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Conocephalus brevipennis numerous in alfalfa, some
locations, New Castle County, and Soybeans, one area, Kent County. Nymphs of
Melanoplus spp. numerous in alfalfa, some locations New Castle County, and
feeding on soybeans, some places, Kent and Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).
NORTH CAROLINA - Light damage in many areas. Likely to cause more damage than
usual from Guilford County west. (Jones et al.). MINNESOTA - In 5 southeast
counties populations range from 12-35 per square yard. M. femur-rubrum mostly

in third and fourth instars with few adults. This species predominates with
scattering of M. bivittatus in fourth instar and adult stage. In 15 northwest
counties infestations mostly threatening to light, ranging from 3-14 per square
yard, with 15-28 per square yard in Cass, Hubbard and Clearwater Counties,

mostly M. bivittatus. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Hatching uniform with
high survival. Populations in legumes up to 45 per square yard in several areas.
M. femur-rubrum dominant species in legumes but adults of M. bilituratus* present
in areas and may be dominant species in northern areas. M. femur-rubrum
becoming mature. M. bivittatus and Schistocerca alutacea fairly high in Adams,
Marathon, Waushara and Portage Counties. Few M. differentialis reported.

(Wis. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - Second-generation M. bilituratus in southern
counties. M. differentialis and M. bivittatus mating. Few M. differentialis
nymphs found. Situation still serious in areas using no controls. (Andersen).
KANSAS - Adult populations lower in east central area than last year at this
time; 1-7 per square yard. Threatening to severe populations, 7-18 per square
yard, in northern Marshall County caused serious stripping of corn. Dominant
species are M. differentialis, M. bivittatus, and M. bilituratus. Range species
varied 2-12 per Square yard. Ageneotettix deorum and Mermiria sp. dominated in
surveyed areas of Wabaunsee, Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Osage and Morris Counties.
(Matthew). MONTANA - All programs completed except at Malta, Phillips County.
Control covered 148,994 acres with good results. (PPC, Western Region, July
Rept.). WYOMING - All economic species were adult by July 20. Few early
maturing species deposited some eggs in lower areas. Grass damage evident in
most areas as temperatures increased and vegetation matured. In July 361,938
acres of rangeland were sprayed with results generally good. (PPC, Western
Region, July). COLORADO - Populations attracted attention on rangeland in
Washington, Yuma, Elbert, Lincoln, Kit Carson and Cheyenne Counties, running over
20 per square yard in many areas. Species in order of abundance - M. bilituratus,
M. differentialis, M. packardii, M. bivittatus and Aeoloplus turnbulli. (ARS,
Ext. Serv.). IDAHO - Over 12,000 acres of cropland and 150,000 acres of range-
land infested, Adams, Boise, Gem, Idaho, Payette and Washington Counties. M.
bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum, M. foedus , M. oregonensis, Phoetaliotes
nebrascensis, ~Camnula pellucida, Oedaleonotusm enigma igma and Aulocara elliotti are
dominant species, running 10 to over 50 per Square yard . “Range grasses show
spotted, heavy damage along canyon bottoms, benches and high ridges. Some damage
to alfalfa along margins. (Nonini). Over 100 per square yard in 600 acres of
crop and pasture, Lewis County. (Dailey). UTAH - Now largely adults with egg-
laying underway for some time. (Knowlton et al.).

*The name Melanoplus bilituratus (Walker) is being adopted for the grasshopper
which in recent years has been known widely in the United States and Canada as

M. mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure). A manuscript, embodying this and other
conclusions resulting from a revisionary study of the Mexicanus Group of Melanoplus,
has been completed recently by Ashley B. Gurney (Entomology Research Division,

U. S. D. A., Washington, D. C.) and A. R. Brooks (Canada Dept. of Agriculture,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Francis Walker first applied bilituratus to material
from Vancouver Island, and the species is widespread in Canada and the United
States. M. mexicanus is still considered a valid species; it occurs primarily in
Mexico, though it has been taken in the Big Bend region of Texas. Specimens

from Canada and most of those from the United States which have been called
mexicanus are now shown to have been misidentified. M. devastator Scudder and

M. spretus (Walsh) are both considered distinct species. (Gurney).

- 702 -

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - RHODE ISLAND - Light injury by second-
brood larvae in whorls of late Sweet corn, Kingston Aug. 22. (Caroselli, Stoner).
DELAWARE - Small larvae common in silks, ear tips and whorls of field corn Kent
and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Light in sweet corn,
Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - First generation pupation
complete. Moth emergence nearing completion, northern areas. Egg-laying remains
low but will continue for 10-14 days in northern section. (Ill. Ins. Surv.).
MINNESOTA - Approximately one-third to one-half of first generation borers have
emerged as adults with egg mass counts of 100 per 100 plants in southwest district,
ranging from 72-172 in southwest, south central and west central districts.

Heavy second-generation borer population superimposed on the first generation
ranging 66-210 per 100 plants in south central, southwest, west central and central
districts means extensive and possibly severe damage in many areas. (Minn. Ins.
Rept.). WISCONSIN - Pupation was 13.7 percent in Waupaca, Wood and Portage
Counties, August 14. First-brood borers more numerous than last year in northern
three-quarters of State, lighter in southern counties. First-brood pupation

may be limited in northern portions by recent cooler weather but second-brood
moth numbers in light traps range up to very abundant. Hatching slowed by

cooler weather. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO - Eggs being deposited for second
generation but infestation appears light. (C. R. Neiswander). IOWA - Moth
emergence reached 100 percent, August 23, Boone County, with 92 percent first-
brood borers pupating. An accumulative total of 138 egg masses per 100 plants
has been received by 32 fields. Very few egg masses expected remainder of season.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Small third-generation larvae now appearing.

(Barnes et al.). MISSOURI - Third-generation egg mass counts up sharply,

80-320 per 100 stalks in southeast area. First and second-instar larvae in some
fields. (Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA - Second generation heavier than anticipated.
Egg mass counts in northeast, 50-240 per 100 plants. (Weekman, Andersen).

CORN SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugubris in destructive numbers on
field and sweet corn ears, some locations, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).
UTAH - Carpophilus sp. infestations common to severe in many southern and central

counties. (Knowlton et al.).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Generally active in field corn,
numerous in late sweet corn whorls locally in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).
VIRGINIA - Have not appeared in numbers expected in southeastern soybean fields.
(Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage to late sweet corn, milo and field
corn. (Jones et al.). GEORGIA - Heavy on grain sorghum, Tattnall County and
on millet, Burke County. (Johnson). OHIO - Severe in very late plantings of
field and sweet corn. (C. R. Neiswander). WISCONSIN - Populations scattered,
mature larvae in corn, Columbia County. Moths laying eggs for new brood. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). ILLINOIS - Continues to increase on late-maturing corn throughout
State. Heaviest in southwest and west. All stages in most fields, egg counts
as high as 4 per 20 plants. Highest infestations on corn not yet tasseled and
on medium-to-early mature corn with 10-20 percent ear infestation. (I11. Ins.
Surv.). MISSOURI - Late corn 100 percent infested in southeast area, with 1-6
larvae per plant in whorls and 1-3 per ear. Late sorghums 5-55 percent infested
with 1-3 larvae per whorl. Early sorghum with 0-4 larvae per 100 heads. (Kyd,
Thomas). NEBRASKA - Light to moderate in late-planted corn in southeast; 1-4
per plant in some areas. (Andersen). KANSAS - Continue to damage late-planted
corn and some sorghums. Infestations moderate to severe, some fields 100
percent infested; 1-7 per stalk. All stages present, moth flight continues.
Some tunneling and shank feeding in early-planted corn. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA -
Decreasing in south central areas. (Henderson). TEXAS - Heavy on pastures and
yards in Cherokee and Brazos Counties. (Young, Turney).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Counts range from 0.4-12
per plant in southern-half of State. (111. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE - Prevalent on
late field corn, some places, New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 703 -

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - DELAWARE - Infests sweet and late field
corn throughout State, increase in Several areas, New Castle County. (Milliron,
Conrad). MARYLAND - Abundant on sweet corn, Montgomery County. Lady beetles
quite numerous. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on sweet corn,
Randolph County. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). OHIO - Subsiding after approaching 100
percent infestation of plants in some fields. (C. R. Neiswander). WISCONSIN -
Populations declining. Heavy flights continued in Madison area; 110 winged
adults per trap. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - Populations very low in most
headed sorghum fields. Predators, particularly Hippodamia convergens, very
abundant. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Populations decreasing in south central
areas. (Henderson). TEXAS - Medium and widespread on grain sorghum, Delta
County. (Hawkins).

CORN ROOTWORMS - INDIANA - Diabrotica longicornis adults common, feeding on silks
and exposed tips of corn ears in some fields. (Gould). COLORADO - High
Diabrotica sp. population in corn fields, Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.).
WISCONSIN - D. longicornis feeding in corn silks very numerous in some fields.

A few adults of D. wndecimpunctata howardi also. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). KANSAS -
Light to heavy infestations in several corn fields Marshall County. Infestations
also in Shawnee and Nemaha Counties. (Matthew).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Larvae prevalent in ears of mid-season
and late field corn throughout State. Adults in most fields. (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Heavy on field corn, St. Marys County, sweet corn, Montgomery County.
Sweet corn ears 27 percent infested at canneries, Frederick and Queen Annes
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Averaged 25 larvae per sample in
one blooming soybean field, with some eggs and adults noted, eastern area.

Quite numerous on peanuts. Damaged several plantings of milo. (Hofmaster).
NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae attacking some soybeans, Carteret and Jones Counties.
(Williams et al.). Light to heavy on peanuts throughout northeastern counties.
(Dogger). GEORGIA - Infestations on grain sorghum and millet heavy, Tift,
Colquitt, Brooks, Jenkins and Burke Counties. (Johnson). ILLINOIS - In
southern-half of State 0-50 percent of ears infested. (111. Ins. Surv.).
MISSOURI - Headed grain sorghums have 10-158 feeding larvae per 100 heads in
southeast area. Larvae in all stages, moth flight high. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS -
Infestations in sorghum heads lighter than previous years, 4-16 percent with

1-2 larvae per head. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Populations building up in heads of
sorghum. (Henderson) .TEXAS - Medium and widespread on grain sorghum heads,
Delta County. (Hawkins). Light to heavy on grain sorghum, Lubbock, Dawson,
Yokum and Hale Counties. (Turney). WISCONSIN - Moths still present in light
traps. First moth caught at Stevens Point on August 15. Expected to be on
increase from now on. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). IDAHO - Less than 1 percent of sweet
corn ears show larval damage of only 2-3 kernels. (Scott). UTAH - Common and
serious problem in sweet corn throughout State where control has not been
practiced. Peak of catches in black-light traps occurred August 16-18.
(Knowlton et al.). COLORADO - Infestations heavy, Montrose and Delta Counties.
(Exp. Sta., Aug. 12). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in field corn and broomcorn throughout
State. Severe damage in Quay and Curry Counties. (Durkin).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate to
heavy damage, one field of field corn, Quay County. (Durkin). ARKANSAS - Third-
generation eggs appearing in abundance. (Barnes et al.).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - GEORGIA - Heavy on grain sorghum in Tift,
Colquitt. Brooks, Jenkins and Burke Counties. (Johnson). ARKANSAS - On sorghum
in some areas. (Barnes et al.). MISSOURI - Grain sorghum averages 30-310
larvae per 100 heads, southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas).

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - ALABAMA - Damaging early corn in Wilcox County.
(Hays).

- 704 -

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA - Low populations on
sorghum and broomcorn. (Henderson). Seriously damaged underground portions of
90-100 percent of peanut plants at Stratford. (Walton). TEXAS - Infestations on
peanuts heavy and widespread, Mason County. (Garrett).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - WYOMING - Baiting for control completed in
June except for limited baiting by ranchers. Effective control obtained in
several areas sprayed for grasshoppers. (PPC, Western Region, July).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - General infestation,
3-60 per head in late maturing wheat, Custer County. (Bishop).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - COLORADO - Very high numbers taken in light
traps first half of August at Rocky Ford, Otero County. (Exp. Sta.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEBRASKA - Populations remain
high in most alfalfa fields in eastern and Republican Valley areas; 60-95 per
100 sweeps. (Andersen).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - GEORGIA - Infestations on
soybeans light in 4 counties, moderate in 3 and heavy in 3 (Chandler, Bulloch
and Burke). On peanuts, light in 4, moderate in 2, heavy in 4. (Colquitt,

aii ELLA) ALABAMA - Adults collected in Lee County. (Guyton). VIRGINIA - Few
noted on soybeans in southeastern areas. (Hofmaster).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS - UTAH - Still a pest, particularly of alfalfa, several
scattered localities. (Knowlton et al.). VIRGINIA - Prodenia ornithogalli very
serious on peanuts, Waverly area, Sussex County. Scattered on soybeans in
southeastern areas. (Hofmaster).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - UTAH - Occasional light to moderate damage to
alfalfa seed field blossoms. (Knowlton et al.). ALABAMA - Continue to be
abundant on alfalfa and other crops in many areas. (Arant, Ruffin).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ILLINOIS - Seriously defoliating some
soybean fields in northern half and Southeastern areas of State. Counts range
from 0-9 per sweep in southern-half of State. (111. Ins. Surv.). INDIANA -
Common on soybeans in Newton County. (Gould). MISSOURI - Damage non-economic
with 1-2 beetles per linear foot of soybeans, southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas).
VIRGINIA - Not as numerous as previous week in southeastern area. (Hofmaster).

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Serious damage to
soybeans, Bamberg County. Ne es et al.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - VIRGINIA - Light
on alfalfa in Northampton County, Aug. 16. (Hofmaster). WEST VIRGINIA - Only a
single specimen found in alfalfa during intensive search, Monroe County and
vicinity. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). NORTH CAROLINA - Has shown evidence of increasing.
A population justifying treatment found in one area of Wake County. Other areas
show low populations. (Jones et al.). ALABAMA - Heavy infestation in north
Auburn. (Hays). ILLINOIS - Building up to damaging numbers in a few fields in
southwestern area. Counts of 0-200 per sweep, heaviest in southern half of

State. (I1l. Ins. Surv.). KANSAS - General increase continues throughout

State, although very few found in Douglas and Johnson Counties, east central area
and few reported from northeastern counties. Some fields in central areas had
counts of 35-600 per sweep. Predator populations vary as greatly as infestations.
(Matthew). Heavy spotted flights in Pottawatomie, Waubansee and Riley Counties.
(Burkhardt). NEBRASKA - Building up to severe proportions on legumes in northeast,
with counts up to 6392 per 100 sweeps, including all stages. Continue to increase
very slowly in southeast and Republican Valley areas, with counts of 50-150 per

100 sweeps in southeast to 240 per 100 sweeps in the Republican Valley.

(Andersen, Weekman). COLORADO - In 11 counties in the eastern half of State,
averaged 0-10,000 per 100 sweeps. In 4 western counties, averaged 0-20 per 100

- 705 -

sweeps; high counts in Montezuma County. (Exp. Sta., Aug. 10). NEW MEXICO -
Generally light to medium throughout State, scattered heavy infestations Eddy
and Chaves Counties. Damage very light most areas. One light infestation,
Colfax County, medium-to-heavy infestations, Union County; new county records.
(Durkin). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy, higher than same time last year, Fallon
area, Churchill County. Many fields need treatment before cutting. (York,
Aug. 16). Light in Fernley area and sections of Mason Valley, Lyon County.
(Bechtel, Parker, Aug. 16). CALIFORNIA - Light to medium in Sonoma Valley,
Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) trifolii) - ILLINOIS - In
southern half of State counts were [0-20 per sweep. Ge inser Suave) ie

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - High population in few red clover
fields, Canyon County. Earlier high numbers drastically reduced by predators
and parasites. (Waters).

SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus atlanticus abundant and destructive on
soybeans throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Serious on soybeans
on Eastern Shore, many fields with sections nearly defoliated due to leaf

drop. (Hofmaster). Peanuts have been defoliated in a few cases in Greensville
County. (Rogers). NEW MEXICO - Oligonychus stickneyi building up on field
corn, Torrance County. (Durkin).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - UTAH - Causing spotted damage

to sweet and field corn in several counties. (Knowlton et al.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Locally 15-20 per leaf on peanuts, Halifax County. (Scott, Farrier).

WASHINGTON - In 50 corn fields in the Columbia Basin, Yakima Valley, Pasco area,
and Walla Walla area infestations generally moderate, small amount of webbing
confined to less than one-third total area of lower leaf surfaces. (Dailey).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous numbers of
larvae on alfalfa Iocally New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA -
Remains abundant in eastern, central and south central portions of State;

60-270 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). UTAH - About normal for season. Moderate
numbers of moths commonly in light traps for past nine weeks. (Knowlton et al.).

WEBWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Building up in heads of sorghum. (Henderson).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ILLINOIS - Abundant in many alfalfa fields
in western area, may continue for rest of season. Smaller numbers in southern
areas. (I1l. Ins. Surv.).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - ILLINOIS - From 0-160 per sweep in some
alfalfa fields in southern portions. (111. Ins. Surv.).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations in many fields
through eastern area. Some injury to flax bolls. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - GEORGIA - Infestations on peanuts
heavy in 9 counties. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Third generation damaging 100 percent
of peanut plants throughout production areas of State. (Walton). TEXAS -
Medium, widespread on peanut terminal buds, Mason County. (Garrett).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - NEBRASKA - Considerable damage to
soybeans northeast area, 1.6 per 10 plant count. (Andersen).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - GEORGIA - Infestations light in
soybeans in Tift, Lowndes, Coffee and Tattnall Counties, moderate in Bacon and
Appling Counties, and heavy in Colquitt, Candler, Bulloch and Burke Counties.
(Johnson).

- 706 -

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) -— DELAWARE - Continue to damage alfalfa and
soybeans throughout State, adults common. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA -
Declining on soybeans in southeastern areas. (Hofmaster). ILLINOIS - Present

in many soybean fields throughout southern two-thirds of State. Most larvae
newly-hatched indicating populations could increase rapidly next week or two.
Counts of 0-213 per foot of row, with 10 percent killed by disease and parasites.
(I1l. Ins. Surv.). MISSOURI - On soybeans in southeast area, 1-4 small larvae
per linear foot of row. Larger larvae 20-40 percent parasitized by undetermined
fly. Damage non-economic. (Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA - Counts high, 46-185 per
100 sweeps, in most alfalfa fields eastern areas; considerable damage to soybeans,
same area; 4.2 per 10 plants. (Andersen).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - About 8 per sweep on alfalfa,
injury evident, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Appear to
be on decline in southern counties. May be high northward where alfalfa
yellowed and stunted. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). INDIANA - Populations much lower on
third-cutting alfalfa than on second. (Wilson). ILLINOIS —- Adult counts of

0-5 per sweep in southern half of State. (111. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - Counts
remain high in eastern portion of State on legumes, 110-250 adults and nymphs
per 100 sweeps common. (Andersen).

LOOPERS - COLORADO - Reported causing heavy damage in alfalfa in some areas.
(Exp. Sta., Ext. ‘Serv.

PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - MARYLAND - Numerous in alfalfa and
red clover fields, Montgomery County. Possibly on ragweed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Unusually prevalent in alfalfa, one location, New Castle County.
(Milliron, Conrad).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Showing in some alfalfa fields in
northeast, 6-10 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). VIRGINIA - Unusually heavy on
alfalfa in Warwick City area for this season of year. Many natural enemies
present and expected to control. (Rowell, Sedivy).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Adults common in
alfalfa, some locations, New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

PLANT BUGS —- DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris adults and Adelphocoris lineolatus and

A. rapidus adults and nymphs common. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - L. Tineolaris
Common in red clover field, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS —

A. lineolatus light to moderate in several alfalfa fields in Shawnee, Douglas,
Johnson and Pottawatomie Counties, 1-7 adults per sweep. Other species also
present. (Matthew). NEBRASKA —- A. lineolatus counts averaging 120 per 100

sweeps in Republican Valley area. (Andersen). UTAH - Lygus bugs moderate to
severely abundant in alfalfa seed fields, Duchesne, Box Elder and Cache

Counties. L. elisus, L. hesperus and A. superbus causing damage to alfalfa in
number of localities. (Knowlton et al.).

SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - MINNESOTA - Trial plots of sunflowers
at Mapleton almost completely destroyed by this and several other species.
(Minn. Ins. Rept.).

HARVESTER ANTS (Pogonomyrmex spp.) -— NEW MEXICO - Building up on rangeland in
Hidalgo, San Miguel, Catron, Colfax and Harding Counties. In some areas, 250
or more nests per acre, with 15-20 foot cleared areas around nests. (Durkin).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) = New infestations found during July
included 509 acres on 11 properties in Mississippi County, ARKANSAS. In TENNESSEE
infestations were found on 68 acres on 4 properties in Dyer County; 35 acres

on 2 properties in Lake County; 240 acres on 3 properties in Obion County. No
additional infestations found in NORTH CAROLINA and MISSISSIPPI. (PPC, So. Reg.,
July Rept.).

- 707 -

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy damage to apples in
untreated orchards and where mid-Summer sprays not applied. Heaviest damage in
Grant, Lincoln, Rio Arriba and Bernalillo Counties. (Durkin). OREGON — Heavy
infestation on 10 acres of apples and pears north of Ashland. All fruit damaged
by early-instar larvae. (Steinhauer). DELAWARE - Destructive in neglected
orchards in central Kent and New Castle Counties. Third-brood activity noted
generally. (Kelsey). NEW YORK - Flurry of activity in mid-August resulted in
number of fresh entries in few orchards in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy
populations in Door County orchards August 16. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE -
Adults and larvae active in apple orchards some places in Kent and New Castle
Counties. (Milliron, Kelsey).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - WISCONSIN - Large populations some apple trees at
Madison. Moderate to heavy in Door County but decreasing. (Wis. Ins. Rept.).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations spotty in
Rio Arriba, Lincoln, San Juan, Bernalillo, Valencia and Sandoval Counties.
(Durkin).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Adults continue to emerge in
all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Adults, eggs and early-instar
larvae in moderate numbers in Door County orchards. (Wis. Ins. Surv., Aug. 16).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - IOWA - Severely damaged
foliage many orchards along Missouri River. Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEBRASKA - One
apple orchard in Otoe County severely damaged. (Bare, Andersen). DELAWARE -
Activity continues throughout State. More severe in northern half. (Kelsey).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Populations of adults,
eggs and early-instar Tarvae moderate generally in Door County orchards August 16,
abundant some. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

CAT-FACING INSECTS - OHIO - Injury to harvested peaches averaged 1.5 percent in
Erie County, mostly due to stink bugs. (Rings). PENNSYLVANIA - Lygus lineolaris
heavy on nursery peach stock in Adams County. (Negley).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OHIO - Injury to Halehaven peaches
lower than any time past 10 years in Erie County; less than 0.1 percent. (Rings).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - OHIO — Lighter injury to harvested
Halehaven peaches than 1956 in Erie County. (Rings).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO - Heavy but spotty in Rio Arriba, San Juan, Lincoln
Sandoval Counties. (Durkin). INDIANA - Populations of Tetranychus spp. great

on apples in Orleans area. (Marshall). DELAWARE - Panonychus ulmi increased in
central Kent County. Decreased on apple. (Kelsey). COLORADO - Bryobia praetiosa
and Tetranychus telarius building up on orchard cover crops in Mesa County,
beginning to move into trees. (Exp. Sta.). NEW YORK - T. telarius and P. ulmi
still problem some orchards in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.). a

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - During July, approximately
2,354 acres were inspected in 14 counties. Infestations were found on
approximately 28 acres on 19 properties in Polk, Highlands, Orange, Palm Beach
and Seminole Counties. (PPC, So. Reg.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 91 adults trapped on 39
properties in July. In Tijuana 41 females (2 gravid) and 48 males trapped and in
Ensenada, 1 female and 1 male. Largest daily catch was 14. Spraying operations
continued through July in Ensenada, Tijuana and Tecate,Baja California. (PPC, Mex.
Reg.).

Z2S61-Eb6] $exog u! uo!JONpowH sn4yio jonuuD LG6T ‘Og Sune
@6010AD 1D0A-C| OYODIpU!l seyoys u} seunBIl4:3ION

SuY ‘Odd UT peredeag

SV3YV ONIMOYS-SNYLID IWIDSYAWWOD EEE

SALVLS G3LINN
SHL OL GV3u¥dS LN3SA3Yd OL
3344 1d3yM 38 O01 Sv3uV Y34snN8 MM

G31iS34NI vay"v EES)

el es
as i 5:
\ 000 122

val

a
0o00‘09S £6 é

- 708

000‘28'9!

Ny
fe 000'922'b

TOYLNOD AlSZMOV1E SNYLIO

000'1§9'19

yonente

Ox ork
8

- 709 -

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - During July 4 adults were
identified from traps near or in a spray area in Polk County. During July 47,612
traps were in operation in State and 1,266 in other areas of Southern Region. At
end of July, approximately 7,500 acres still under aerial treatment and treatment
has been applied one or more times to 798,257 acres. Treatments were discontinued
in Orange County July 10, in Manatee County July 11 and Hillsborough County July
18. (PPC, So. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - In State of Tamaulipas and
Nuevo Leon in eastern area, 58,539 trees were inspected on 3,040 properties with
1,318 found infested on 303 properties. Eradication spray operations generally
satisfactory. Inspection of 22,694 trees on 240 properties in western area were
negative. Spraying completed on infestations found in June in western area.
(PPC, Mex. Reg., July Rept.).

GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - DELAWARE - Considerable damage in
neglected vineyards in New Castle County. (Milliron).

A SAWFLY - IDAHO - Heavy larval infestation in huckleberries throughout Latah
County. Approximately two-thirds of berries infested. (Manis, Verner).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - GEORGIA - Infestations heavier than normal in
Fort Valley area, many neSts in pecans and persimmons at Chauncey and McRae
respectively. (Snapp, August 15).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Medium widespread on pecans in Mason County. (Garrett).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations on
pecans in Mason County. (Garrett).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - First larvae taken from
untreated walnut trees at Boyles Springs, Sonoma County. Five adults collected on
4 properties along western border of Napa County. No larvae taken. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - H. zea and Protoparce quinquemacu-
lata heavy on commercial tomato plantings in Luna County. Approximately

percent of crops lost in untreated fields. Home gardens heavily infested in Dona
Ana County. (Durkin). NEVADA - Damaging tomatoes in Reno area. (Lauderdale,
August 16). DELAWARE - Some tomato fruits injured several locations in New Castle
and Kent Counties. Common in lima beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron,
Conrad).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Protoparce quinquemaculata and tomato
fruitworm heavy on commercial plantings of tomatoes in Luna County. Approximately
30 percent lost in untreated fields. Home gardens heavily damage in Dona Ana
County. (Durkin). DELAWARE - Injury decreased generally. Parasitism noted
generally. Maximum damage light to moderate. (Conrad, Milliron).

LEAF MINERS —- DELAWARE —- Leaf injury common several locations on tomatoes in Kent
and Sussex Counties. Liriomyza brassicae prevalent on cabbage in central Kent

County. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA — Apparently unusually bad this year in
eastern area. Noted in all fall crops. (Hofmaster).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - UTAH -— More damaging than for several
years. Growers and canners concerned, control programs active. (Knowlton).
Total of 125 acres of tomatoes infested with almost complete loss in

spots because of "sun scald". (Dorst). PENNSYLVANIA - Three or four acres of
tomatoes infested in eastern Juniata County. (Adams, Aug. 14).

- 710 -

SPIDER MITES - WASHINGTON - Populations of Tetranychus telarius increased rapidly
on potatoes in Columbia Basin. Control applied many fields. (Landis). Heavy
populations many bean fields in Quincy-Moses Lake area. (Dull, Dailey).

DELAWARE - T. atlanticus destructive to lima beans many locations in Sussex and
Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - High populations causing
yellows in tomato and potato fields, particularly in Conejos, Costilla, Alamosa
and Rio Grande Counties. Yields will be affected. (Exp. Sta.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Numerous on snap and lima beans
some areas in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA -
Untreated potatoes completely browned in northeastern area. (Gesell, Aug. 13).

POTATO APHIDS - COLORADO - Populations of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum solanifolii
increasing in potato-growing areas of northeastern counties and in San Luis Valley
where counts up to 200 per 100 sweeps and 150 per 100 leaves were made. Treat—
ment recommended. (Exp. Sta.). MAINE - Populations of Aphis abbreviata, M.
solanifolii, Myzus solani and M. persicae increased considerably some plantings

at Presque Isle. Overall level about stable. Abundance in many commercial
plantings still considerably above normal for time of year. Lady beetle adults
and larvae active; fungus diseases decreased sharply. Migrant forms of A.
abbreviata present. (Shands). WASHINGTON - Populations of M. persicae increased
rapidly on potatoes in Columbia Basin. Control required many fields. (Landis).
WISCONSIN - Populations of M. solanifolii quite high and difficult to control some
commercial potato acreage. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO —- General infestations
in northern Bingham County and in Fremont and Bonneville Counties. Third control
treatment anticipated some fields. (Bishop).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - IDAHO - Damage quite apparent in
poorly-treated fields near Idaho Falls. (Gibson).

AN ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Causing heavy damage to truck
crops in Mora County. Most growers using control. (Durkin).

MFXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - UTAH - First apparent record of
damage in Morgan County. (Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Second-brood injury severe
on lima beans at West Kingston. (Stoner).

EUROPEAN CORN BOER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults conspicuous in lima
beans some areas of Sussex and Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) -— WASHINGTON - Winged forms on beans and sugar beets at
Quincy. Migration from beans near peak. (Landis).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - VIRGINIA - Heavy
on fall cucumbers in eastern area. (Hofmaster).

FLEA BEETLES- IDAHO - Adults of Phyllotreta pusilla extremely abundant on broccoli
in home gardens in Moscow area. (Manis). Adult emergence of Epitrix subcrinita
increased from 3 to about 130 per sweep from August 10 to 17 in Butte County.
(Bishop). MAINE - Populations of Epitrix cucumeris on potatoes and foliage

injury continue very light at Presque Isle. (Shands).

CABBAGEWORMS - DELAWARE - Trichoplusia ni light to moderately heavy leaf damage
to tomatoes generally, and destructive to cabbage and cauliflower and severe on
potatoes in central Kent County. Pieris rapae troublesome on cabbage and
cauliflower in central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). RHODE ISLAND - Larval
damage by P. rapae increasing in neglected cabbage and cauliflower, particularly
at East Greenwich and Kingston. (Stoner).

- 711 -

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate on cabbage in
‘Snyder County; very heavy in area of Luzerne County. (Gesell).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Populations high in Pueblo and Otero
Counties. (Exp. Sta., August 12).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Populations in Canyon County lowest
since early spring. Third-generation adults high level. Several fields attacked
early,disked under. (Scott).

WATERCRESS LEAF BEETLE (Phaedon aeruginosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation
on watercress in Bedford and Cumberland Counties. (Jeffrey).

A MINT APHID (Phorodon menthae) - WASHINGTON - Population decreased several
peppermint fields in Roza district north of Sunnyside due to disease. Control
recommendations delayed in area. (Menke).

TOBACCO INSECTS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -— MARYLAND - Abundant tops of tobacco plants

St. Marys County. Causing some damage bottom leaves. Hippodamia convergens and
other predators quite numerous. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

HORNWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Eggs and larvae light to moderate in tobacco fields
in Granville County, July 23. (Chamberlin).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Counts 30 per plant in 5
acre field in Pittsylvania County August 15. (Dominick).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA Average infestation in

Piedmont counties: treated 21 percent, untreated 57 percent. Activity con-
tinues to increases as crop matures. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Serious

damage continues over most of west Tennessee with migrating weevils infesting
new fields. Very light to heavy damage in northern counties. Average of 51
percent punctured squares in 71 fields compared with 44 last week. (Locke).
MISSISSIPPI - Migration underway in delta counties, but no large general migra-
tion expected. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA —- Average infestation in 105 fields
was 47 percent. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Infestations have been unusually low
this season in Waco area. (Parencia et al.). Generally light although some
irrigated fields require treatment. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 16). OKLAHOMA -
From 2-8 percent damage in eastern counties, week ending August 17. (Flora).
MISSOURI - Migration underway and some weevils in all cotton counties. Rapid
increase in percentage of punctured squares. Of 526 fields, 175 fields had
infestation ranging from 1-50 percent. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Increasing
sharply in many fields; above 50 percent infestation in several fields. Rapid
emergence and migration normal. (Barnes et al.). F

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.)- TENNESSEE - Considerable injury continues
on large bolls. Control needed many fields. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Activity
light in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Overall square infesta-
tion in 105 fields in Madison Parish was 1 percent. Danger of damage should
be on decline. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Eggs averaged 7.7 and larvae 2 per
100 terminals in 19 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.).
One of main insect problems on cotton, Aug. 16. (Turney, Martin). OKLAHOMA -
Eggs general in most fields in southwest, few small larvae. (Bryan).

Damaging cotton in Harmon County. (Hatfield). MISSOURI - Total of 518 of 526
fields had 0-20 eggs and 1-65 larvae per 100 plants. Controls underway in
most cotton counties. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Under control in most fields.

- 712 -

(Barnes et al.). CALIFORNIA - Populations vary in San Joaquin Valley. Consider-
able treatment in Tulare district. Larval counts continue high in Fresno area,
eggs numerous. No increase in southeastern desert area; situation attributed to
beneficial insects. (Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy in cotton in
Eddy, Chaves, Dona Ana and Luna Counties; severe damage many fields. Controls
hampered by rains. Infestations generally light to medium with spotty heavy in-
festations in Hidalgo, Curry, Roosevelt and Quay Counties. (Durkin, Aug. 24.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— Bloom inspection in 11 LOUISIANA
parishes, 7 west and southwest ARKANSAS counties and bloom and boll inspection
in 16 ALABAMA counties showed no pink bollworm. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rept.).
TEXAS - Twelve fields in McLennan County had 7.2 percent infested bolls and 13
fields in Falls County had 1.7 percent. Intensive controls keeping infestation
in irrigated fields at low level. Total of 145 moths in light traps compared

with 11 last week. (Parencia et al.). Infestations continue to build up in
coastal bend area but remain light in upper coastal, central, east and west
areas. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 16). MEXICO - Gin trash inspection completed in

eastern area. Total of 314,091 larvae found in 497 bushels of trash, repre-
senting 3,392 bales, averaging 632 larvae per bushel of trash and 92.6 per

bale. In Torreon district, in 7 municipios, 163 fields inspected and found
infested, averaging 4,833 pink bollworms per 100,000 blossoms inspected. In
Delicias district, 13 inspections showed 49 of 65 fields averaged 565 larvae
per 100,000 inspected blooms. In Juarez district, in 3 municipios, there were
9 infested fields in 25 inspected, averaging 588 larvae per 100,000 blooms
inspected, Green boll inspection indicates light infestation. In western area,
trash inspection is in progress, with negative results to date. All bloom
inspections have also been negative. (PPC, Mexican Region, July Rept.).

LEAFWORMS - TEXAS - One of main insect problems on cotton. (Turney, Martin,

Aug. 16). OKLAHOMA —- Up to 4-6 eggs and 4 small larvae per leaf in some

fields in Grady, Kiowa, Caddo, Jackson and Tillman Counties. (Bryan). Moderate
damage in McCurtain County. (Goin). MISSOURI - Alabama argillacea appearing

in many fields. Light, 1-7 larvae per 100 plants. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA -

A. argillacea causing considerable damage to foliage in Baldwin and Elmore Coun-—
ties. New generation of moths depositing eggs. (Arant, Burkhalter). ARKANSAS -
Present in many fields. (Barnes et al.). NEW MEXICO - A. argillacea heavy in
most fields in Otero, Quay and Hidalgo Counties. Damage severe in untreated
fields. (Durkin, Aug. 24).

CABBAGE LOOPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy populations "ragging" cotton,
especially in south delta. (Merkl et al.). TEXAS - One of the main insect
problems on cotton. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 16). OKLAHOMA - Up to 3 eggs per
leaf in some fields in Grady, Caddo and Jackson Counties. (Bryan). NEW
MEXICO - Trichoplusia ni light to medium and spotty in most cotton-growing

areas. (Durkin, Aug. 24.).

SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue serious in areas where cotton still
growing. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Becoming heavier in treated fields.
(Locke). TEXAS - Building up in some fields. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 16).
ALABAMA - Some defoliation but damage slight as much of cotton mature. (Arant).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Building up in Fairfield and York Counties. (Cott.
Lett.). TENNESSEE - Some control needed, especially in fields with opening
bolls. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - High population still reported from untreated
fields. (Merkl et al.). OKLAHOMA - Numerous on cotton in McCurtain County.
(Goin). ARKANSAS - Continue to cause trouble in mat fields. (Barnes et al.).

WHITEFLIES - OKLAHOMA - Large populations on cotton in Garvin and Tillman
Counties. (Bryan, Hatfield).

PLANT BUGS - TENNESSEE - Still increasing in rank late cotton. (Locke).

- 713 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - TEXAS - Activity widespread in
Bowie, Cass, Harrison, Marion, Polk, Rusk, Sabine and San Augustine Counties
on natural and planted stands of loblolly and slash pines. (Young).

TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus sp.) - TEXAS - Active on weakened pines in
Cherokee, Rusk, Sabine and Walker Counties and along recently flooded area of
Trinity River in Liberty County. (Young).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severely damaging
ornamental plantings of pine in Duplin County and 75 percent injury to 75
seedlings planted in 1956 in Cumberland County. (Scott, Farrier). MISSISSIPPI -
Specimens received from Coahoma County. (Hutchins).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND - Late instar larvae
causing moderate damage many oaks generally. Estimate 30 percent defoliation
bottom branches many cases, particularly at East Greenwich and Kingston.
(Stoner). PENNSYLVANIA - Medium to heavy defoliation of oaks in Adams, Franklin,
Perry and Cumberland Counties. (Drooz, Aug. 7).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite heavy on
Scotch pine tips in Clinton County. (Gesell, Aug. 7).

PITCH MASS BORER (Vespamima pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Averaged 1-5 per tree on 100
Norway spruce in Mercer County. (Adams, Aug. 15).

OAK LACE BUG (Corythucha arcuata) —- PENNSYLVANIA - Causing browning of oak
leaves some areas in Perry County. (Drooz, Aug. 12).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on honeylocust in
south central and central areas; Occasionally on mimosa. (Sleesman).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - INDIANA —- Second-generation larvae
damaging Chinese elm at Lafayette. (Schuder). NEVADA - Caused almost complete
defoliation on untreated elms most areas where it occurs. (Bechtel, August 16).
VIRGINIA - Damaging elms in Gloucester County. (Rowell , Birdsall).

DELAWARE - Adults and larvae damaging ornamental elms in Kent and Sussex
Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - GEORGIA - During July, 715 traps were
operated in State, mostly in Atlanta and Dahlonega areas. Surveys in

Dahlonega area show the infestation to extend over approximately two-thirds

of Lumpkin County, southwest edge of White County, southeast edge of Dawson
County and northwest edge of Hall County. In addition, 5 blocks found infested
in Gainesville and a recurring infestation at Toccoa. Several adults were
trapped in Waycross area during last of June, apparently transient. Delimiting
of infestation at Atlanta airport not complete as of July 31. TENNESSEE -
Total of 82 traps operated in 7 eastern counties. One initial infestations found
in Sevier County 19 recurring infestations in Jefferson County and 5 recurring
infestations in Cocke County. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rept.). RHODE ISLAND -
Damage by adults more noticeable as season progresses. (Stoner).

IO MOTH (Automeris io) -—- PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliating flowering dogwood in
Dauphin County. (Drooz, Aug. 13).

IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - OHIO - Very heavy
infestations on willow in Wayne, Holmes and Knox Counties during July and
early August resulted in high degree of defoliation and uniform browning of
foliage in mid-August. (Griswold).

- 714 -

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEBRASKA - Appearing on elm, poplar and roadside
shrubs in southeast and in Loup Valley area. (Bare, Andersen). RHODE ISLAND -
Pupation started over State. Damage ceased. (Stoner).

COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - WASH.Hatch complete. Several
silver maple trees dying from attack. Considerable yellowing and defoliation
in Pullman area. Lady beetles abundant. (Telford).

BORERS - NEBRASKA - Damage by Podosesia syringae syringae, Anarsia lineatella
and a flathead borer appearing in trees and shrubs. (Andersen) .

APHIDS - OREGON - Decline in orchard and ornamental trees in Willamette Valley
following hot, dry weather. (Capizzi).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Bureau of Vector Control reports indicate that
mosquitoes, including Culex tarsalis, generally lower than for several years
with Anopheles freeborni locally abundant in northern Sacramento Valley. (Cal.
Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Serious some areas. Aedes dorsalis extremely abundant and
annoying in areas of Daggett County August 10. Larvae of C. tarsalis numerous
in same area. A. dorsalis moderately abundant and annoying in Vernal area of
Uintah County. (Harmston). NEVADA - Heavy populations of Aedes sp. in irrigated
areas of Churchill, Lyon and Washoe Counties. (Bechtel, August 16). MARYLAND -
Aedes sollicitans abundant and troublesome on bay front, St. Marys County,
August 13-17. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Culex pipiens: Larvae and
adults very light East Providence, larvae in large numbers Westerly (Aug. 19),
larvae moderate Warwick (Aug. 16). (Panone).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - UTAH - Serious problem on cattle many areas.
Considerable control applied. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Populations high in
central and western areas, ranging from 100-250 on cattle. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).
VIRGINIA - Averaged 262 per head on untreated cattle in 2 herds in Montgomery
County August 13, and 223 per head on August 20. (Hargett).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Few cases reported from
Pender County. oneycut). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on livestock in Greene
County. (Shurling). KANSAS - Infestations in three locations in Russell County,
central area. (Gates).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1.4 per head on cattle in
2 Montgomery County herds on August 13, and 3.5 per head on August 20. (Hargett) .

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - IOWA - Appearing in laying flocks
in central area. Killed 20 birds in one flock before infestation discovered.
(Iowa Ins. Inf.).

TABANIDS - UTAH - Still abundant and troublesome in Duchesne and Rich Counties.
(Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Average 8-10 per animal in Atoka County. (Frye).

BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA —- Several reports of death to young chickens from eating
large numbers of blister beetles. (Arant, Ruffin).

FLEAS - MARYLAND - Troublesome to dogs and humans at College Park, August 17 and
20, (US Md., Ent. Dept).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae populations greater than
any time past 3 years in Atoka County. (Frye).

PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - NORTH CAROLINA —- Young child stung
severely in Davidson County. ray

- 715 =

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

Khapra Beetle Survey: Inspections conducted in ALABAMA, OKLAHOMA, and TEXAS
during July were negative. (PPC, So. Reg.). Total of 48 initial and 15
repeat inspections were made in Mexicali district of Western MEXICO during
July. All specimens submitted were negative. Fumigations completed on all
infested properties. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). Four properties found infested in
ARIZONA and one in CALIFORNIA during July. Total number infested properties
in ARIZONA now 159 and in CALIFORNIA 297. No infestations found in other
western States surveyed during July. (PPC. West. Reg.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - Severe reduction of activity due to
inclement weather resulted in estimated 20-40 percent reduction in alfalfa seed
yield in areas of normally low bee populations in West Wapato area of Yakima
Valley. Fields with normally high populations near nesting sites set estimated
1,000 pounds of seed per acre. (Menke).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - UTAH - Numerous in alfalfa at Mantua.
(Knowlton et al.).

SARCOPHAGIDS - UTAH - Fairly abundant some areas of Box Elder County where
grasshoppers abundant. (Knowlton).

LACEWINGS (Chrysopa sp.) - IDAHO —- All stages very abundant in northern area.
(Manis).

DAMSEL BUGS - ILLINOIS —- Counts of O-1.4 per sweep taken in southern areas on
clover and alfalfa. (111. Ins. Surv.).

LADY BEETLES - WASHINGTON - Hippodamia convergens particularly abundant on
silver maple heavily infested with cottony—-maple scale at Pullman. (Telford).

A PREDACEOUS MITE (Typhlodromus sp.) - IDAHO — Populations up to 30 per leaf on
red clover in Canyon County, only occasional Tetranychus telarius remaining.
(Waters).

A MINING BEE (Agapostemon cockerelli) - WASHINGTON - Greater numbers in alfalfa
fields this season than past 3-4 years. (Menke) .

PREDATORS - UTAH - Holding pea aphid populations in alfalfa fields below economic
levels. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Damsel bugs, green lacewings, lady beetles,

minute pirate bugs and syrphids moderate to heavy in numerous alfalfa and clover
fields in northern and central areas. (Bechtel, August 16).

A WASP (Scolia dubia) - MARYLAND - Abundant on lawns in Princess Anne August 16,
Wheaton August 21. Pupal cases plentiful at Wheaton. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Large numbers present over lawns in Fairfax and Prince Edward Counties.
(Morris et al.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER PARASITE (Horogenes punctorius) - WISCONSIN - Killed about
20 percent of first-brood corn borers in two Grant County fields. First record
for Grant County although parasite was released in adjacent areas. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.).

A PHYCITID (Luetilla coccidivora) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae fairly numerous and
feeding on pine tortoise scale, Clinton County. Det. H. W. Capps. (Gesell).

- 716 -

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - LOUISIANA - New infestation
reported just south of Winnfield in Winn Parish. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rept.).

SOUTHERN PINE SAWYER (Monochamus titillator) - ALABAMA - Emerging from timbers
in new houses in Huntsville, causing damage. (Arant). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults
emerged from wall of home in Edgecombe County. (Jones, Weisman).

CRICKETS - TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations over Mason, Mason County.
(Garrett).

TERMITES - MINNESOTA —- Infestation of Reticulitermes sp. in warehouse in St.
Paul. Eradication planned. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEW MEXICO - Caterpillars migrating in

large numbers across highways many sections. (Durkin).
CORRECTION

CEIR 7(34) :686 - GREEN PEACH APHID - DELAWARE - Insert MELON APHID before
"Numerous on pumpkin-squash some areas, etc."

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK — FALL ARMYWORM on corn foliage more abundant in Hudson Valley than
usual for this date. (Adams).

- 717 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires sexta quin.

ALABAMA (Counties

DeKalb 8/17-22 43 28 220 55 19

Lee 8/17-22 155 88 64 110 7 3
ARKANSAS

Fayetteville 8/17-23 aS

Hope 8/15-21 8 4 4

*Morrillton 8/8-21 65 17 2

Stuttgart 8/15-21 3 14 4
FLORIDA

Gainesville 8/22 4

Monticello 8/13-20 4 6

Quincy 8/5-19 686 9
GEORGIA (Counties)

Spalding 8/16-22 536 301 208 17 144 2471 20 23 10

Tift 8/12,14,16 102 3 15 54 257 18 46 4
ILLINOIS

Urbana 8/15-21 103 69 51 33 8 72
KANSAS

Garden City 8/14-20 80 60 96 44 12 39

Hays 8/12-14, 18-21 150 177 212 142

Manhattan 8/18-22 20 48 155 55

Wathena 8/14-20 67 48 59 48 49 104
MARYLAND

Salisbury 8/11-17 95
MISSISSIPPI

Grenada 8/16-24 53 3 5 4 2

State College 8/17-23 103 11 18 1 4 39 1 4

*Stoneville 8/16-22 332 258 458 2 353 523 32 76
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Lancaster 8/12-17 345 159 5 105 13 21 10

Lincoln 8/8-14 427 21 115 6 20 2 9

Scotts Bluff 8/12-18 177 22 114
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Duplin 8/22 11 12 24 41 1 22 19

Johnston 8/22 6 1 11 17 6 al
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 8/12-18 52 4 45 27 321 1 41 il

Florence 8/17-23 869 154 699 72 686 3600 35 192 21

Oconee 8/17-23 318 48 990 11 59 96 1 14 3
TEXAS

Brownsville 8/9-17 24 9 334 12 1

Greenville 8/1-15 15 3 11 30

Waco 8/17-23 138 206 367 1119 10
VIRGINIA (County)

Pittsylvania 8/4-10 77 +106
WISCONSIN

*Arlington 8/14-20 159 102 38

DeForest 8/13-19 19 15

Green Bay 8/13-19 11 13

*Oakfield 8/13-19 5

Platteville 8/13-18 127 1 8

Ripon 8/13-19 14

Rosendale 8/13-18 21

Stevens Point 8/13-18 1

*Theresa 8/13-19 124 6

*Two traps Morrillton; 4 traps Stoneville; 3 traps Theresa; 2 traps Arlington
and Oakfield.

LL

eo

mA

-

Lay

nuraniith sqart & , aera? ages 4

ie
¥
» {
j G
is
pe}
® ib
&
o \4
a as
aS ft
of
. ¢
Wgea bel
# 44
4
«
WLA

‘ealtamea) &

i ee
exOrienh 5 ak it

ae
- aoe oewW

aw oF} At

at
whi
74s
a 7
oon
Pass:
“pa
oa f=
rT
a’
»
‘t)
"
“"
i
ot
rLt
Bhi
2s |
, i
T%2 i
(eel?
ne
.

&RYB!
ese ae

it oe od

CinS rH 4 ' ‘
ef. TS

; —
su2 » nes!
velitvenetT® = ‘ .

t
oe |
5

¥
4

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued ;
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

a it
‘ 3 a "se

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pe Survey Section (ee ae es sg cea “J
Plant poche Pirvinaae’: ok be 3 tee ‘nae
Agricultural Research Service

United States Department of Agriculture =
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 September 6, 1957 Number 36

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

CORN EARWORM very heavy corn in eastern Maryland and areas of Louisiana. Serious
in south and central areas of Utah. (p. 721).

HESSIAN FLY continues relatively low in Missouri but may have damage in some
counties next year. (p. 721).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOTS more abundant than for several years in areas of Oregon.
(p. 722).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID abundant in some Utah counties, increasing in Nebraska,
Missouri and central Oklahoma. Appearing in Indiana. (p. 723). VELVETBEAN

CATERPILLAR heavy on soybeans in eastern South Carolina, southern Alabama and
several Louisiana parishes. (p. 724).

ORCHARD MITES threat continues in Orleans, Indiana, area; heavy populations in
Montrose and Delta Counties , Colorado. (p. 725).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER has been unusually abundant in Michigan and Wisconsin.
(p. 727).

BOLLWORMS continue potential threat in Arizona. Counts high in some Louisiana
areas. (p. 727). COTTON LEAFWORMS still active in several States. (p. 728).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY unusually destructive in young pines in areas of Texas,
Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. (p. 728).

CHIGGERS caused heavy damage on turkeys in Rockingham County, Virginia. Annoying
to humans in Cochise and Pima Counties, Arizona. (p. 730).

A MITE not known to occur in the United States. (p. 733).

CORRECTIONS (p. 731).

ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 731).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 30 unless otherwise designated.

- 720 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK, SEPTEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for September calls for temperatures to average
below normal over most areas west of the Continental Divide as well as along the
extreme northern border of the country, and in the far Southeast. Above normal
temperatures are anticipated over the remainder of the nation and along the
California Coast. Precipitation is predicted to be above normal in the Western
Mountain States, the Northern and Central Plains, the Great Lakes Region, and
also in the extreme Southeast. Subnormal rainfall is expected over a broad

band extending from Texas northeastward through the Ohio Valley. In unspecified
areas near normal amounts are in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook",
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40

a half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 2

Relatively cool, generally dry weather prevailed over the Far West. Warm, sultry
conditions existed from the Central Plains southward and eastward and unseasonably
cool day-time temperatures were experienced along the Northern Border with daily
rains falling in the North Central portions. These conditions resulted from a
weather ‘situation that existed for the major portion of the week and which was
characterized by a stationary front extending out of a low pressure trough in

the Southwest and orientated in an east-west direction from the Great Basin
through the Lake Regions to the Middle-Atlantic Coast. Near the end of the
period cyclonic circulation developed along the front in the Plains States and
moved northeastward to combine with another low pressure cell and developed into
an intense storm area now covering most of the Northeast. Parts of the Southwest,
Gulf Coast, all of Florida and large portion of the Mid-west received weekly
precipitation amounts that were moderate to heavy. While in California, western
Oregon, Nevada, south central Texas and the area surrounding the southern
Appalachian region, little or no precipitation fell. Fire danger in forests and
ranges of Idaho remain high to severe while average conditions exist throughout
California with a few small fires reported in some sections. Rainfall along the
Atlantic Coast except for a few isolated areas was not significant and soil
moisture is reported inadequate in sections of Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee,
the Virginias and lower New England with West Virginia indicating that water is
now being hauled to many farms.

On Wednesday temperature minima reached near freezing in the New York mountain
valleys and a few degrees- below 32° in the Adirondacks. Similar readings were
noted in Vermont on the same date. Below freezing temperatures were also observed
in the California mountain areas but no damage to crops was reported. Tempera-—
tures in general averaged below normal from the Divide westward. To the east of
the Divide they were below normal in the extreme northern tier of States. Near

to slightly below along the Coast, and above elsewhere.

Severe storm reports included a tornado with little damage at Aberdeen, South
Dakota on Sunday; hail and electrical storm with considerable damage to grain
in southeastern Idaho and a thunderstorm at Blackstone Airport, Virginia
accompanied by one-half inch hail and wind with gusts to 90 mph. (Summary
Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 721 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Populations higher than expected in several areas.
Feeding has been checked:by cooler weather and precipitation. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
IDAHO - In alfalfa fields, 2-10 per sweep, Franklin and Powers Counties.
(Waters). MICHIGAN - Late in acquiring wings, particularly Melanoplus femur-
rubrum, in the Cadillac, Gaylord and Cheboygan area. (Hutson). UTAH - Local
damage in fields and gardens, Uintah County. Damaging gardens at Duchesne.
(Knowlton et al.). OKLAHOMA - Non-economic to very light, southwestern counties.
Range survey shows non-economic numbers, Comanche, Cotton and Tillman Counties.
(Burke, Pela). Non-economic in range areas, southern and south central counties.
Light ragging, margin of sorghums, some southern counties. (Coppock).

CHINCH BUGS - ALABAMA —- Heavy infestations of Blissus leucopterus insularis in
lawns, Clarke and Monroe Counties. (Lemons). OKLAHOMA - Common to very
abundant in sorghum fields, Bryan County. Up to thousands per plant, some
fields. Shrunken kernels suggest damage. (Coppock). Light infestation on
sorghum, Marshall County. (Bower).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Sweet corn infestation on Eastern
Shore very heavy, 29 fields averaging 65 percent infestation. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation of soybeans, Camden County.

(Tuten). Reported on peanuts, Martin County. (Scott, Farrier). VIRGINIA -
Damaging soybean some fields, Northumberland County. (Saville). Damaging few
soybean pods present and averaged 1 per 3-4 heads of milo, Gloucester County.
(Amos). Severe damage to developing soybean pods, Surry County, Aug. 23.
(Rowell). SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate on soybeans in Charleston area. (Cuthbert).
ILLINOIS - Ear infestations ranged 0-60 percent. Some fields with 3 larvae per
ear. (I11. Ins. Surv.). ALABAMA - Large number of adults in fields of young
soybeans, Baldwin County. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Very heavy in corn and grain
sorghum, Tensas, Madison, Richland and Claiborne Parishes. (Oliver). WISCONSIN -
Continue to be caught in blacklight traps, no marked increase in flight activity.
Retarded first-brood larvae in small numbers in unharvested canning sweet corn.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). MISSOURI - Over most of State no great damage to sorghum
heads. Severe damage in sections of extreme southeast. (Kyd, Thomas).

OKLAHOMA - Common in late corn, southeastern counties. Building up in alfalfa,
southern area. (Bower, Coppock). Attacking grain sorghum heads, Kiowa County.
(Pela). UTAH - Damaged 90 percent of early sweet corn in Duchesne County.
Serious generally, Uintah County, and south and central areas of State. Much
above average this season, but lighter recently in some localities. (Knowlton
et al.). COLORADO - Field corn 100 percent infested in Arkansas Valley and
western slope. (Exp. Sta.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - LOUISIANA - Taken from corn
in Claiborne Parish for first time. This makes total of five parishes infested.
(Oliver).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on kafir-
corn in Blythe, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.): OKLAHOMA - Considerable
damage to nuts and underground stems of peanuts, Stratford area. Some plants
killed. (Coppock).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - MISSOURI - Summer survey completed.
Numbers still relatively low over State, although/in Lincoln, Franklin, Perry,
Cape Girardeau and Scott Counties, counts high enough to indicate possibility
of damage next year. (Kyd, Thomas).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEBRASKA - O¢casional cricket observed in
Keith and Arthur Counties. (Andersen, Bell, Aug. 23).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ARKANSAS) - Continues to infest heads of
sorghum, many areas. (Barnes et al.).

- 722 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present most hegari
plantings in Charleston area, causing serious injury in some. (Cuthbert).
VIRGINIA - Present in some soybean fields, Northumberland County. (Saville).
ILLINOIS - Field corn in whorl stage 0-92 percent infested. Corn in fresh

silk 4-50 percent infested and corn in dry silk 0-20 percent infested. Egg
counts of O-3 per 25 plants on late-maturing corn. All stages in most fields.
(Ill. Ins. Surv.). ALABAMA - Medium to heavy infestation in buds of grain
sorghum, Geneva County. (Grimes). MARYLAND - Active in late corn fields.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Only slight damage to sorghum heads over most
of State. Severe damage only in extreme southeast. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA -
Remain in young corn and alfalfa throughout State. Considerable corn damage
where control was not applied. (Oliver). OKLAHOMA - Damage continues to
late-planted sorghum and corn in most sections. Numerous in whorl-stage
broomcorn, Garvin County. (Coppock). One field late corn abandoned because of
damage, Bryan County. (Bower). COLORADO - Infestations have reached 100
percent in field corn in Arkansas Valley and western slope. (Exp. Sta.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Infestation 40-100 percent
in 5 northeast counties. Moth flight heavy at North Platte; a single days catch
of 524. (Pruess). WISCONSIN - Mostly in last larval stage, Dodge, Fond du Lac,
Sheboygan and Winnebago Counties. Adults emerged for second brood, Dodge County.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO -— Egg deposition for second generation on decline. Low
fall population expected. (C. R. Neiswander).

VARLEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - NEBRASKA —- Appearing again, central
Platte Valley area. Some alfalfa fields average 4 per square foot. (Pruess).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOTS - OREGON - Meromyza pratorum and M. saltatrix more abundant
than for past 6-7 years. Common in Jefferson and Deschutes Counties. Infesta-
tion reported in Yamhill County. Determinations by C. W. Sabrosky. (Every).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) -— LOUISIANA - Twenty to 70 per 100 sweeps of
rice, St. Landry, Acadia, Vermillion and Jefferson Davis Parishes. (Oliver).

GRASS LOOPERS (Mocis spp.) - FLORIDA - Some damage to pastures and cover crops.
Second generation beginning to pupate. (H. Denmark).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WISCONSIN - Populations have dissipated
and major migration of winged adults completed. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). OHIO -
Declining as corn reached maturity. Damage severe in some fields. (C. R.
Neiswander). MARYLAND - Conspicuous in spots. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LOUISIANA - Heavy on corn and sorghum, Madison, Tensas and Richland Parishes.
(Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Building up and sometimes damaging,
Duchesne, Sanpete, Salt Lake and Millard Counties. Damaging many second-crop
alfalfa seed fields, Millard County. (Knowlton et al.). COLORADO - Populations
increasing in Montrose and Otero Counties. (Exp. Sta.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEBRASKA - Soybean field populations
decreased in northeast due to pupation and parasitism averaging 2.6 larvae per
10 plants. (Andersen). ILLINOIS - On soybeans in southern-half of State, 0-24
per 100 sweeps. Many diseased larvae. In southern-half of State, 0-0.2

per sweep on clover and alfalfa. (Ill. Ins. Surv.).

A LEAF MINER - UTAH - Serious damage to alfalfa, particularly in seed fields,
Millard County. Sometimes 60-80 percent of leaves conspicuously mined.
(Knowlton et al.).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - ILLINUIS - In southern-half of State,
0-7 per sweep on clover and alfalfa. (111. Ins. Surv.).

- 723 -

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Situation as Reported =- August 30

,

f

ZZ

MM - Heavy
Yj, = Iacreasing

SLES = Present to economic

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - UTAH - Abundant
in sections of Garfield, Millard, Beaver, Iron and Kane Counties. (Knowlton
et al.). NEVADA - Very light in Lovelock area, Pershing County. (Bechtel,
Lauderdale). Spotted, heavy infestation, one field south of Lovelock. (Burge,
Sebbas, Aug. 23). NEBRASKA - Populations in Republican Valley building up,
averaging 620 per 100 sweeps. Numbers increasing, 60-123 per 100 sweeps, in
Boone, Antelope, Madison, Stanton, Pierce and Wayne Counties. (Andersen).
ILLINOIS - From 1-300 per sweep in southern half of State. Heaviest in
southwestern sections. (I11l. Ins. Surv.). MISSOURI - Populations beginning
to build up during dry weather. (Kyd, Thomas). INDIANA - First specimens of
year collected August 26-28 in 10 southern and southwestern counties, in Ohio
and Wabash River Valleys. Infestation apparently coming from south, rather
than west. First records for Crawford, Harrison and Floyd Counties. (Wilson).
LOUISIANA - Very light populations in alfalfa Bossier and Red River Parishes.
(Oliver). COLORADO - Predation may be holding populations in check. (Exp.
Sta.). OKLAHOMA - Increasing in fields saved for seed, central counties. Up
to 1500 per 10 sweeps, one field, Cleveland County. Predators numerous most
fields. (Coppock).

PLANT BUGS - NEBRASKA - Lygus lineolaris counts in alfalfa fields left for seed
32-85 per 100 sweeps, in northeast, 80 per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley.
Adelphocoris lineolatus 80 per 100 sweeps and A. rapidus 20 per 100 sweeps,
Republican Valley area. (Andersen). INDIANA = Adelphocoris lineolatus popula-
tions remain high in southern areas. (Wilson).

LYGUS BUGS - IDAHO - In southern counties, 10-50 per sweep in untreated red

clover and alfalfa fields. Early seed-set 95 percent destroyed in one alfalfa
field at Rupert. (Waters). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy on alfalfa, most fields,
Maricopa County. Adults 400-500 per 100 sweeps in one field. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

- 724 -

INDIANA - Populations remain high. Particularly heavy infestation first-instar
nymphs, southern third of State. (Wilson).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Present in large number of soybean fields,
Webber Falls area, Muskogee County. (Robinson).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adults 1-14 per sweep in red
clover seed fields, southern areas. (Waters).

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO — One to 5 adults in red clover
and alfalfa seed fields in southern counties. (Waters).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - Damaging red clover in Twin Falls and
Canyon Counties, much lighter in remainder of southern areas. (Waters).

CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - IDAHO —- In all red clover fields in
southern counties. Up to 20 adults, pupae and larvae in a single root in a second-
crop-year field in Gooding County. (Waters).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ALABAMA - Damaging soybeans, Baldwin and Escambia
Counties. (Grimes).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - LOUISIANA - From 30-75 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
Bossier and Red River Parishes. (Oliver).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Adults and larvae present in southern area
in small numbers, all untreated alfalfa fields. (Waters).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - NEBRASKA - Declined in Republican Valley
area, 20 per 100 sweeps but remains high in northeast area, 66 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEBRASKA —- Adult population high,
larval counts 27 per 100 sweeps, northeast area. Larval counts 100 per 100 sweeps,
Republican Valley area. (Andersen). COLORADO - In Mesa County, 100 larvae per

100 sweeps. Damage in new alfalfa plantings. (Exp. Sta.).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS (Prodenia sp.) - - UTAH - Damage has greatly reduced
alfalfa seed prospects, particularly in second=crop seed, large number of fields,
Millard County. (Knowlton et al.).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Seriously damaging
some plantings of soybeans in Charleston area. (Cuthbert). ALABAMA - Severely
damaging soybeans, Baldwin and Escambia Counties. Damaging peanut foliage, Covington,
Coffee, Escambia, Geneva, Henry and Houston Counties. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Heavy
populations in soybeans, Acadia, St. Landry, Lafayette, Pointe Coupee, Concordia

and Tensas Parishes. Control obtained in most fields treated. (Oliver).

MITES - UTAH - Damaging corn in number of fields, Weber County. (Knowlton et al.).
MARYLAND - Spider mite damage shows in a few soybean fields and mites are still
active. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NORTH CAROLINA —- Locally severe on
peanuts, Edgecombe County. (Scott, Farrier). NEBRASKA - Light to moderate infesta-
tion in Platte Valley area from York County west and in northeast areas. (Andersen,
Pruess).

SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) —- NEVADA - Extensive damage, one field
cultivated sunflowers south of Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale,
Snyder).

SPITTLEBUGS - ILLINOIS - Adults now concentrating in legume seedings. (111. Ins.
Surv.).

- 725 -

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Damaging pods of young
soybeans, Baldwin and Escambia Counties. (Grimes).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Very high population in
Republican Valley area, averaging 380 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). ILLINOIS -
Counts of 0.1-2 per sweep on alfalfa and clover in southern-half of State.
(I1l. Ins. Surv.). WISCONSIN - Populations continue to decline. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.). INDIANA - Heavy nymphal infestations developing in southern counties.
Considerable loss expected. (Wilson).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate to heavy
damage to soybeans, Dorchester County. (Reid). UTAH —- Still damaging in
number of counties, including first recorded outbreak, Morgan County. (Knowlton
et al.). ALABAMA —- Damaging soybeans, Baldwin County. (Grimes).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ILLINOIS —- On soybeans in southern
half of State, 4-20 per 100 sweeps. (I11. Ins. Surv.).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Lignt damage in almost
all terminals, commercial peanut areas, Bryan and Garvin Counties. (Coppock).
Abundant, north portion, Stephens County. (Hatfield, Pennington).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - OKLAHOMA - Symptom-type survey made
in Haskell, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties in 15 fields, 420 acres of soybeans.
No soybean cyst nematode found. (Robinson).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Damage at minimum most
commercial orchards. (Hutson). WISCONSIN — Populations light in Dane County
and most other areas of State. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). WEST VIRGINIA - First
infestation of season on apple at Gauley Bridge in Fayette County. (W. Va. Ins.
Surv.).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA — Entries increasing as third-
brood stragglers increase egg-laying in Orleans area. (Marshall). UTAH -
Causing moderate to severe damage in home orchards in Duchesne, Millard, San
Juan and Garfield Counties. (Knowlton). MICHIGAN - Adults continue to emerge
0-3 per day in cages in principal areas along Lake Michigan. Condition
indicates possibility of increased damage should warm period develop in early
September. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Second-brood populations high in Dane County
areas. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ORCHARD MITES - INDIANA - Threat as great as any time during current season at
Orleans. Tetranychus spp. as high as 6.95 per leaf on apples. (Marshall).

UTAH - Tetranychus spp. damaging many orchards in Salt Lake County (Knowlton)
and T. mcdanieli damaging several apple orchards in Weber County. (Burningham) .
MICHIGAN - Populations of Tetranychus telarius and Panonychus ulmi decreasing in
Benton Harbor - South Haven area. (Hutson). COLORADO —- Populations heavy in
apple orchards in Montrose and Delta Counties. Vasates cornutus increasing in
Palisades area in Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - OREGON - More common than usual.
Damage greater particularly where dormant spray omitted. (Every).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - First record from Berkeley, Alameda
County. Degree of infestation not recorded. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - COLORADO - Heavy damage in commercial plantings of
sour cherries in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).

- 726 -

FLANNEL MOTHS - ALABAMA - Larvae defoliating apple trees in Morgan County.
Infestation very light. (Grimes).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on apple in
Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELTONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Infestation on
grape lightest in Graham and Greenlee Counties Since outbreak several years
ago. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - NEBRASKA - Heavy population on walnut
trees in northeast; leaves stripped some areas. (Andersen). FLORIDA - Feeding
on hickory and pecans in several areas of south Florida. (Denmark). LOUISIANA -
Continue to defoliate pecans over southern area; many completely defoliated.
(Oliver).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Damaging newly-emerged cucumbers locally in Duplin County. (Reid).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - WISCONSIN - Loss nearly complete in
Dane County where not treated. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - RHODE ISLAND - Injury increasing, particularly on
late-planted squash. (Stoner).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA — Abundant on unprotected
cucurbits in Charleston County. (Cuthbert). ARKANSAS - Attacking squash and
cantaloups in northwest area. (Ralston).

MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestation on
volunteer cucumbers in Charleston County. (Cuthbert)..

LEAF MINERS - SOUTH CAROLINA — Requiring control in cucumber fields in
Charleston County. (Cuthbert).

CABBAGEWORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Trichoplusia ni caused varying degrees of damage
to collards, cabbage, tomatoes and cucumbers and Pieris rapae moderate on early-
fall collards in Charleston County. (Cuthbert). VIRGINIA - Loopers appear
heavier on broccoli than other truck crops in southeastern area. Growers
treating regularly. (Hofmaster).

FLEA BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Especially numerous on young cole crops in southeastern
area; particularly heavy on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). OREGON - Caused economic
damage to commercial horseradish plantings in Columbia County; probably
Phyllotreta sp. (Every). IDAHO - Phyllotreta pusilla extremely abundant on
untreated crucifers in home gardens in Moscow area. Severe feeding damage
occurring. (Manis). LOUISIANA - Chaetocnema confinis counts 200-400 per 100
sweeps in several sweetpotato fields in Acadia and St. Landry Parishes.

(Oliver). COLORADO - Populations of Epitrix tuberis high on potatoes in

Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.). .

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - UTAH - Serious in several tomato
canning counties. (Knowlton et al.).

ONE-SPOT STINK BUG (Euschistus variolarius) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on
several hosts in gardens at Lenore and Peck. Damage very severe on tomatoes and
bean pods. (Manis, Portman).

HORNWCRMS (Protoparce spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light on tomatoes and eggplant in
Charleston County. (Cuthbert).

- 727 -

POTATO APHIDS —- MAINE - Populations of Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii,
Myzus persicae and M. solani showed slight to sharp drops on Aroostook Farm at
Presque Isle, ranging in size from very small to large. Predators and parasites
largely responsible for declines in untreated plantings. (Shands). COLORADO -
Increasing populations on potatoes of concern in northeastern area and in

San Luis Valley counties. (Exp. Sta.).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - LOUISIANA —- Severely defoliating
sweetpotatoes in Tensas, St. Landry, Acadia and Lafayette Parishes. (Oliver).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MICHIGAN - Has been unusually
abundant with more than usual prevalence of aster yellows virus on susceptible
crops. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Exceptionally high populations this season

caused extensive infections of aster yellows virus on lettuce, carrots and
celery. Much lettuce acreage abandoned. Many infections 100 percent. Infection
of carrots some Oconto County commercial acreage about 96 percent with estimated
tonnage reduction of 50 percent. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - OREGON - Preliminary estimate of onion crop loss
set at 20 percent. ond).

A MINT LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - MICHIGAN - Second generation reported from
Wellston, Millburg and Stockbridge. Pupae annoying between veining on ripe
cantaloup at Millburg. (Hutson).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Emerging on green
beans, light to moderate damage locally in Duplin County. (Reid).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Counts 150-300 per 100 sweeps on sweet—
potatoes in St. Landry and Acadia Parishes. (Oliver).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Due to rapidly increasing
populations unprotected young bolls being punctured. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE -
Migration to northern counties continues, considerable damage. Controls applied
in more-heavily infested fields. Boll damage in older cotton. Square infestation
in infested fields was 45 percent. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - All fields infested
in delta counties but cotton maturing. Control good to excellent over area.
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Twenty-seven percent infestation in 3700 acres of
cotton in Concordia and Catahoula Parishes. Four fields in Bossier Parish had

18 percent infestation. Counts in Caddo Parish low. (Oliver). Average infesta-
tion in 79 treated fields in Madison Parish was 35 percent. (Smith et al.).
ALABAMA — Spot checks in southern part of State show almost 100 percent
infestation but only a few squares remain in tops of plants. (Grimes).

ARKANSAS - Rapid emergence and migration continue in all areas. Overall average
infestations increased slightly over last week while some infestations declined.
(Barnes et al.). TEXAS -— Light except in a few irrigated fields. (Turney,
Martin, Aug. 23).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Increasing in several
counties. Large bolls attacked in Allendale County. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE -
Considerable injury to older bolls. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Light egg deposition
in more succulent fields. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Counts high in some
fields, 4-12 larvae per 100 bolls, squares and terminals. Moth activity heavy.
(Oliver). Average square infestation in 79 treated fields in Madison Parish was
1 percent. Average of 18 eggs and .9 larvae per 100 terminals in 10 fields.
(Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Declined some in most areas. (Barnes et al.).
TEXAS - Continue to cause considerable damage, especially in south plains area.
(Turney, Martin, Aug. 23). ARIZONA - Continue potential threat to cotton in most
areas from Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA -
Occurring in all fields in eastern area. Up to 24 percent damage in one field in
Bryan County but average much lower. (Coppock, Robinson).

- 728 -

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestations remain light in
coastal bend, upper coastal, southwest, central and west areas but increased in
some fields. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 23). OKLAHOMA - Bloom inspection in 37
fields in 12 counties showed no pink bollworm. (Burke et al.).

CABBAGE LOOPERS - TEXAS - Continue to cause considerable damage, especially in
south plains area. (Turney, Martin, Aug. 23). ARIZONA - Trichoplusia ni
populations have been high on cotton from Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties but
disease decreasing population. Adults numerous in Tempe area and near Tucson.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA - Light in most fields of cotton. Moth activity
heavy at light traps at Baton Rouge and Curtis. (Oliver).

LEAFWORMS — ALABAMA —- Alabama argiilacea defoliating cotton in Covington, Escambia
and Geneva Counties. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Continue present in some untreated
fields in northeast area. (Barnes et al.). LOUISIANA - Most cotton in extreme
southern area defoliated. Infestations range north to Arkansas. (Oliver).
OKLAHOMA - Widespread in all cotton areas, light to very heavy. Considerable
control in south central and southwestern counties. (Coppock et al.).

Decreasing in eastern counties but controls continued. (Robinson). TEXAS -
Continue to cause considerable damage, especially in south plains area.

(Turney, Martin, Aug. 23). ARIZONA - A. argillacea occurring in several areas.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). i

APHIDS - TENNESSEE - Infestations general with control needed in many fields.
Lint damage could result from honeydew. Predators numerous and effective in
untreated fields. (Locke).

SPIDER MITES -— ARKANSAS - Heavy enough to require treatment in some northeast
areas. Light in many fields in all sections. (Barnes et al.). TENNESSEE -
Becoming heavier but little damage expected. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Light to
heavy along roads and ditch banks in delta counties. (Merkl et al.).

LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Decreased in most cotton fields from Maricopa to Santa
Cruz Counties, but remain fairly high in some fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA — Some damage to cotton squares in Graham County; 25-30
adults per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Building up on cotton, some damage in Graham and Greenlee
Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Increasing on cotton
in parts of Yuma, Pinal and Pima Counties. Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - MICHIGAN Larvae found at Elmira July 26
and at Battle Creek on August 23. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Has not appeared in numbers
anticipated in northwestern counties. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - Unusually destructive in young
plantation pines in southeast TEXAS, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI and west FLORIDA. Most
damage spotty and localized. (Sou. For. Pest Rep., Aug. 19).

SAWFLIES - RHODE ISLAND -— Numerous on white pine at Burrillville. (Deion, Mathewson).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - Continued destructive following
cutting operations throughout South. Heavy populations developed on Sam Houston
National Forest in TEXAS and in floodwater and logging areas on the Kisatchie
National Forest in LOUISIANA. (Sou. For. Pest Rep., Aug. 19).

- 729 -

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Becoming increasingly
active in Chesterfield, Hanover and Goochland Counties. Damage increasing in
Princess Anne and Accomac Counties. (For. Pest Summ. J\\y Rept.). During June
and July populations increased sharply in MISSISSIPPi anc ALABAMA, Numerous

small infestations developed in southwest MISSISSIPPI and persistent control
measures were necessary in ALABAMA National forests. In east TEXAS and LOUISIANA
localized outbreaks brought under control. No indication of beetle in other
Midsouth States. (Sou. For. Pest Rep., Aug. 19).

TURPENTINE BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Damage definitely on increase in pines in Prince
Edward, Lunenburg and Nottoway Counties. Continued problem on Eastern Shore.
(For. Pest Summ. July Rept.).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - VIRGINIA - Heavy local damage in Sussex, Amherst,
and King and Queen Counties. (For. Pest Summ., July Rept.).

BAGWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Third infestation found in 1957 reported from Fargo area.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WASHINGTON - Damaging wide range of
conifer ornamentals, especially pine at Pullman. (Telford).

SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy infestation of adults
on white spruce at Cranston. (Caroselli).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - ALABAMA - Heavily infesting Photinia.
(Guyton). FLORIDA - Larvae averaged I per stem on 15 Photinia at Macclenny, Baker
County. (Holder, July 1).

A PHALAENID (Anomis erosa) - FLORIDA —- Feeding on hibiscus throughout State. Adults
at light traps. (H. Denmark) .

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEBRASKA - Continues active on poplar and elm in
southeast and northeast areas. (Andersen). VIRGINIA - Heavy on host shade trees

and untreated apple trees throughout State. (Amos). FLORIDA - Continues to infest
fruit and forest trees throughout State. (H. Denmark). LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting
pecan, persimmon, willow and cherry trees over State. (Oliver).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Severe on mimosa trees in Gate
City and vicinity of Scott County. (Delp).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - VIRGINIA — Seventy-five traps in operation in
northern area and in northern section of Shenandoah National Park along Skyline Drive.
No gypsy moth found. (For. Pest Summ., July Rept.).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - ALABAMA - Heavy population of larvae on catalpa
trees in Butler County. Many larvae parasitized. (Arant).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - WISCONSIN - Larvae defoliated elm in
Wisconsin Dells. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND —- Defoliation increasing
on lower branches of oaks. (Stoner).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO —- Pupating in city park, Twin
Falls. (Gibson). ALABAMA — Defoliating elm trees in Lee County. (Arant). RHODE
ISLAND - Moderate infestation on elms at Cranston. (Caroselli).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - WISCONSIN - Third adult of season taken in
trap at transport terminal in Milwaukee County. All beetles trapped at different
locations near transportation centers but two were not far apart. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - OKLAHOMA - Killing locust trees near Valliant.
Leafhoppers also present on foliage. (Goin).

- 730 -

A LEAF TIER (Nephopteryx uvinella) - MARYLAND - Larvae abundant on few sweetgum
trees in Lexington Park, July 4, and University Park, July 9, and from Anne Arundel
County. Det. H. W. Capps. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A LEAF MINER - WASHINGTON —- Severe blotching of leaves of silver poplar by possibly
Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella at Pullman. (Telford).

APHIDS - NEVADA - Heavy populations with mites on Populus in Fallon, Churchill County.
(Lauderdale, York; Aug. 23). CALIFORNIA — Myzocallis walshii heavy on scarlet oak

in Sacramento County, Capitol Park. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate
infestation of Myzocallis ulmifolii on elm at Cranston. (Caroselli).

MITES -— WASHINGTON - Tetranychus telarius caused linden leaves to drop at Hooper.
Rust mites building up where not controlled in Okanogan County. An eriophyid
mite caused severe bronzing of lilac foliage at Pullman. (Telford, Law).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - MICHIGAN - Very apparent on euonymus and pachysandra
at East Lansing. (Hutson). MARYLAND - Abundant now. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CHIGGERS - ARIZONA - Annoying to humans in Fort Huachuca area, Cochise County
and at Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County. Pest prevalent only in
years of good summer rainfall. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). VIRGINIA - Eutrombicula
alfreddugesiheavily damaged legs of turkeys being marketed in Rockingham County
last of July. One farmer lost approximately 1,500 dollars because of lowering
of grade. (Raffensperger).

CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - ALABAMA — Houses in east central area heavily-in-
fested. (Arant).

BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - UTAH —- Heavy infestation in home at
Vernal. Believed to be first record in Uintah Basin area. (Knowlton).

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Continue troublesome much of Duchesne County; outbreaks unusually
persistent this season. Serious in parts of Sanpete, Uintah and Garfield Counties.
(Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans general along coast; severe from
Carteret County south. (Ashton).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - Activity as far north as Morgan
County. Only light infestations in east central area. Activity in southern area
increasing. (Grimes).

TABANIDS - OKLAHOMA - Horse flies heavy in wooded areas of Ottawa, Craig and Mayes
Counties. (Campbell).
STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

A DERMESTID (Trogoderma sternale) — MISSISSIPPI - Collected in large numbers at
State College. Det. W. H. Anderson. (Hutchins).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - New infestation at Arvin, Kern
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA —- Increasing in Republican Valley. Counts per 100 sweeps are:

nabids - 280; Orius - 180; Geocoris - 40; lacewings - 60; and lady beetles - 80.
(Andersen).

- 731 -

IDAHO -— POPULATIONS OF Orius tristicolor range from 2-20 per sweep in alfalfa and
red clover seed fields in southern area. Syrphid larvae averaged 2-3 per sweep in
red clover north of American Falis; feeding on aphids. Lady beetle iarvae and
pupae averaged 20 per square foct in red clover field in Gooding County. (Waters).
ILLINOIS - Counts 0-0.4 per sweep on clover and alfalfa in southern half of State.
(111. Ins. Rept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - OKLAHOMA —- Abundant around lights in Pontotoc
County. (Bower).

CAMEL CRICKETS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations in basements many sections of State.
(N.D. Ins. Rept.).

CLOVER MITES - NORTH DAKOTA - Several infestations in homes. (N.D. Ins. Rept.).

AN EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) - NORTH CAROLINA —- Severe infestation in
earthworm beds in Gates County. (Arts, Farrier).

EARWIGS - ALABAMA — Reports of invasions of dwellings numerous in Montgomery.
Specimens submitted identified as Labidura riparia. (Lemons).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Increasing rapidly in
numbers since first found in 1952; particularly in southeastern area of State.
(Conklin). IDAHO - Attacks on ornamentals and invasion of houses in Twin Falls
continue. (Gibson).

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation annoying
householders in Susanville, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Reports of infestations
in homes increasing. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 7(35):715 - In Khapra Beetle Survey, total number infested properties in
ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA refers to cumulative totals since beginning of program.

CEIR 7(28):551 - Species of thrips on soybeans erroneously reported as Hercothrips
fasciatus have been identified as Sericothrips variabilis by K. O'Neill.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

DELAWARE - CORN EARWORM, EUROPEAN CORN BORER and FALL ARMYWORM continue to infest

late and mid-season corn in State. GREEN CLOVERWORM larvae continue active on soybean
but much reduced. Adults numerous on lima beans generally. Adults of MEADOW SPITTLE-
BUG and nymphs and adults of PLANT BUGS continue prevalent in New Castle County on
alfalfa. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE continues principal pest of soybeans in State.

CABBAGE LOOPER destructive to several truck crops and CABBAGE APHID unusually injurious
to cabbage and broccoli at one location in New Castle County. Extensive damage by
TOMATO RUSSET MITE noted one place in central Kent County, with light infestations

some areas of Sussex County. FLEA BEETLES are numerous and destructive to late
potatoes in Kent County. POTATO LEAFHOPPER common on beans in Kent and Sussex Counties
and numerous on late potatoes in Kent County. Adult CUCUMBER BEETLES common on
pumpkin-squash some areas of Kent and Sussex Counties and SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE
prevalent on late potatoes in central Kent County. SQUASH BUG common on pumpkin-
squash some areas of Kent County. Second-generation ELM LEAF BEETLE larvae

destructive in southwestern Kent and southern Sussex Counties and MIMOSA WEBWORM

damage heavy on mimosa many places in State. (Milliron, Conrad). EUROPEAN RED

MITE and Tetranychus schoenei increasing in apple orchards. (Kelsey).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Counties
DeKalb 8/24,27,29
Lee 8/24, 27, 29
ARKANSAS
Clarksville 8/13-24
Fayetteville 8/24-30
Hope 8/23-29
*Morrillton 8/22-28
Stuttgart 8/22-28
Varner 8/21-27
FLORIDA
Gainesville 8/28
Monticello 8/27
Quincy 8/26
GEORGIA (Counties)
Spalding 8/23-29
Tift 8/20, 21, 23
ILLINOIS
Urbana 8/22-28
INDIANA (Counties)
Orange 8/18-23
Tippecanoe 8/24-29
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge 8/17-30
Curtis 8/15-28
MISSISSIPPI
Grenada 8/23-28
State College 8/24-30
*Stoneville 8/23-29
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Box Butte 8/13-18
Lancaster 8/19-24
Lincoln 8/15-21
Scotts Bluff 8/19-25

NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Duplin 8/29
Johnston 8/29

SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 8/19-25

Florence 8/24-30

Oconee 8/24-30
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Blount 8/20-26

Cumberland

Greene

Johnson

Knox

Lawrence

Madison

Monroe

Robertson
TEXAS

Waco 8/24-30
WISCONSIN

*Arlington 8/20-26

peheress 8728-38

¥Two traps Morrillton; 4 traps Stoneville; 2 traps Arlington; 3 traps Theresa.

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis
zea vires.

unip.

54

23
60

252
242

28
124
228

A473
1000
597
148

7

23
116

yps.

48

29

74

- 732 -

orn.

marg,.

26

rPNN

112

frug.

ll
47

109

149
123

1

35
9

88 103

Fou
re
oa

Protoparce
sexta quin.

12
1

91
60

No oF

- 733 -

A MITE NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

BEE MITE (Acarapis woodi Rennie)

Economic Importance: Acarine disease of adult honey bees was found to be caused
by this scutacarid mite in England in 1920 and was called at that time "Isle
of Wight Disease."' It causes heavy
losses of bees in various countries in
Europe. Immediately preceding and
following World War I, the disease
practically decimated bees in England,
and during World War II because of the
disruption in the bee inspection service,
it greatly increased and has continued
to spread in Europe since that time.
An infested colony steadily declines
until it become unproductive or dies.
Drones, workers, and queens may be
attacked. If introduced into North
America, the causative mite would be a
particular menace because of the large
number of colonies used for pollination
purposes. In 1922, Congress invoked
legislation known as the Honeybee Act
that prohibits the importation of adult
honey bees from all countries except
: countries found free of the mite and

ef? excepting bees imported by the U. S.

antes Department of Agriculture for experi-

mental or scientific purposes. The

Discolored Trachea from Infested Bee only country so far excepted is Canada.

Distribution: Acarine disease has been reported from many countries in Europe,
and on the British Isles. It also occurs in Argentina, Uruguay and India.

General Distribution of Acarapis woodi

- 734 -

Hosts: Only known hosts are Apis mellifera and A. indica.

Life History and Habits: The species has been divided into two subspecies,

A. woodi woodi living within the tracheae and on the wing bases, and A. woodi
externus living externally on the ventral side of the neck. No apparent injury
is caused by A. w. externus. There are egg, larval, resting, and adult stages,
but no 8-legged nymphal stage. The mites enter the anterior thoracic tracheae
through the first pair of spiracles. They may spend their entire life within
the tracheae puncturing the tracheal walls in feeding and causing them to turn
brown or black. The tracheae of healthy bees are white. Entry into the tracheae
takes place only in bees 8 to 9 days old or younger. Damage to the wing muscles
is caused by the activity of the mites. On older bees the A. woodi woodi form
attaches to the base of the wings, producing injury. When the bees die, the
mite seeks a new host since it cannot long survive otherwise. The disease is
transmitted by drifting of infested workers and by robber bees.

Description: The adult's body is divided into propodosoma and hysterosoma, and
the hysterosoma is divided into sections by transverse sutures; the dorsal
surface bearing long setae. The mites from bees may be easily recognized in that
tarsi IV of the female have no claws or empodia, ending only in long whiplike
setae; tarsi II and III have claws and membranous pulvilli; tarsi I have clawlike
empodia but no claws. The larval stage is usually egg-shaped and elongated.

The egg is unusually large measuring 110 to 128 microns in length and 54 to 67
microns in width. The adult female is 123 to 180 microns by 76 to 100 microns.
Male is 96 to 102 by 62 microns. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in
cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 7(36) 9-6-57

Adult Female

Figure of mite after Hirst, S. 1921. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 8(42, 9th
series) :509-516.

Figure of acarine disease from Burnside, C. E. and Sturtevant, A. P. 1936.
Uae. Dept. Agr. Cir. 392,34 pp. (Photograph by Rennie).

Sy Rep)

ao Bes
‘ Sas

sat rai

<
&
»
Ss
Ny

Ss

ited Shor GS Sea

Meet tee oe od

Ve

ARCH SERVICE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents —
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 4
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

“

Reports and inquiries penta ac this
should be are to:

Site ‘ Plant Pest Survey Section —
be ie} Lie, ie Plant Pest Control Division a4 ae. fs
Agricultural Research ‘Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C. =

mh 4) ee if A , =
ae BS lees ee rs. . oe
a > ms wd ‘ ow

Volume 7 September 13, 1957 Number 37

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

CORN EARWORM damage to soybeans continues in Virginia. Corn damage above normal
in Utah. (p. 737).

FALL ARMYWORM has been unusually severe in Arkansas. Damage continues in several
other States. (p. 738).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID causing extensive damage to sugarcane in Palm Beach County,
Florida. (p. 738).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE found in new area of North Carolina. (p. 741).

BLACK SCALE requiring control in citrus orchards in new areas of California.
(p. 743).

APHIDS continue to build up on truck crops in New York. Abundant on cabbage in
New Jersey and Delaware. (p. 743).

POTATO PSYLLID yellows severe in many potato and tomato fields in Colorado.
(p. 744).

GYPSY MOTH survey and control report from Connecticut. (p. 746).

SPIDER MITE outbreaks widespread on Douglas-fir in areas of Montana. (p. 747).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE conditions in Wisconsin. (p. 747).

SCREW-WORM activity still increasing in Alabama; outbreak in Corson and Dewey
Counties, South Dakota. (p. 748).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE control program (map). (p. 739). Survey report. (p. 738).

INSECTS not known to occur in United States. (p. 751).

FE A 2 2 EE 2 2 2 26 2 2 EK 2

Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 6 unless otherwise
designated.

- 736 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 9

Hurricane Carrie, now located some 900 miles off the east-northeast coast of
Puerto Rico with maximum winds of about 160 m.p.h., first received mention in
the weather picture on Friday; while short-lived Debbie, a tropical storm which
will be remembered mainly for the heavy rains it dumped on Florida and other
southeastern Gulf and Atlantic States, developed rapidly in the northeastern
Gulf of Mexico on Saturday. Under the influence of this latter disturbance, the
upper western coast of Florida experienced winds with gusts exceeding 50 m.p.h.,
and rains which produced over a 9-inch fall at Crawford. Totals of 2 to 4
inches were common in northern Florida and southern portions of Alabama,
Georgia, and South Carolina; while lesser heavy to moderate amounts were
received northward into the Middle Atlantic States.

On the other side of the Nation and to the west of the Divide, dry, warm weather
prevailed. Here some 75 forest and brush fires were reported in California over
the weekend. Forest fire danger was reported extremely serious in Oregon,
extreme on grazing lands in Idaho, and increasing in Washington. Also, fire
danger was noted to be extreme in north-central Minnesota where this was the

8th consecutive week with below normal precipitation.

In addition to the area covered by the tropical disturbance, weekly precipitation
amounts were moderate to heavy in extreme northwestern Washington; eastern Texas
and throughout Louisiana; southeastern Kansas, northeastern Oklahoma, southwestern
Missouri and northern Arkansas; eastern sections of the Dakotas, central Minnesota,
and northern Wisconsin and Michigan; and northern portions of the New England
States. Elsewhere in central and eastern portions of the country, weekly totals
were generally light.

As cold Canadian air masses continued to push into the country, freezing
temperatures were reported in the northern and central lowlands of Wisconsin on
the 5th and subsequent dates, with a reading as low as 23° observed at Cranmoor.
Temperatures of 32° or less were also observed on the 6th at higher elevations

in the northern mountains of the East, with northwestern counties in Pennsylvania
reporting some damage to corn. East of the Divide, maximum temperatures ranged
in the upper 60's and mid 70's in north-central sections most of the week, and
over the weekend ranged from the upper 60's to low 80's as far south as the

Gulf coast.

In general, weekly temperatures averaged above normal from the Divide westward
and from the Appalachians eastward, with below normal anomalies reported in the
intervening area. Greatest below normal departures exceeded -6° and were observ-
ed in sections of the central Great Plains and southeast of the Lakes region,

and greatest above normal departures of +6° to 7° occurred in Montana.

Other noteworthy weather events of the week included snow at Lander, Wyo., on
the 10th, field flooding in northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Wisconsin,
and local hail and windstorms in Logan and Thomas Counties of Kansas and at
Stockbridge, Mass.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW YORK - In late plantings begin-
ningto tassel in Hudson Valley about 6 percent of plants infested. (Adams) .
RHODE ISLAND - Light damage to late sweet corn, Exeter, Sept. 2. (Stoner).

NEW JERSEY - Second generation not serious on corn. (Ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE -
Moderate to heavy injury to late field corn some locations in Kent and New
Castle Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA —- Third-generation larvae appear-
ing in grain sorghum, Sand Mountain. (Eden). WISCONSIN - First-brood pupation
averaged 15.7 percent in Waupaca, Wood, Portage and Marathon Counties. Moths
have emerged and all but 5 percent of larvae in last stage, except Marathon
County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). ARKANSAS - Found for first time this year in
Newton, Van Buren and Cleburne Counties. (Barnes et al.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Second-generation egg masses averaged 14 per 100 plants, Cass County. Cold,

wet weather interfered with moth flights and egg laying. (N. D.. Ins. Rept.).
SOUTH DAKOTA - In southeast, 82 percent infestation, 540 larvae per 100 -plants;
east central region infestation 67 percent, 307 larvae per 100 plants.
(Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - North Platte light trap moth catch 860, single day
high 237. Alliance, catch 340, single day high 387. (Pruess).

GRASSHOPPERS - OREGON - Infestation, predominantly Melanoplus bilituratus,
threatening in Starkey area, Union County; approximately 9 per Square yard.
(Stewart). WASHINGTON - Scattered light to threatening populations of M. femur-
rubrum and M. bilituratus in clover fields, Willamette Valley. (Every). UTAH -
Populations decreasing most areas. Still damaging home garden and alfalfa
locally. (Knowlton et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Scattered economic infestations
throughout northeast area. Heaviest infestation centered in Day County, up to

20 per square yard in alfalfa. Melanoplus femur- rubrum and M. bivittatus
dominant species. (Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Populations in northeast and east
central counties lower than same time last year. Counts generally light, but
with very localized threatening counts; 1-8 per square yard in field crops,

1-7 in rangeland areas. Mating and egg deposition in progress, most areas.
Second-generation M. bilituratus throughout northeastern area. Marginal
populations generally very light. Counts indicate possible marginal feeding

in fall wheat and alfalfa. (Bell, Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Light range populations,
western and southwestern counties, 4 or less per square yard. M. bilituratus,
Ageneottetix deorum and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum most abundant species.
(Coppock). WISCONSIN - Feeding continues on forage crops and corn. Large numbers
and damage, various locations. Migrations in Waushara County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
ALABAMA - Unusually high numbers in Dallas and Wilcox Counties. (Hays).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW YORK - In Hudson Valley moth catches averaged
15 per night at Stone Ridge. Half of silks, one untreated field, carried up to

5 eggs per silk. Unsprayed ears in a late variety were 37 percent infested.
(Adams). RHODE ISLAND - Moderate infestation of late sweet corn at Exeter, 1
larva per 3-4 ears, Sept. 2. (Stoner). DELAWARE - All larval stages common

in late field corn and sweet corn ears, various localities, New Castle and Kent
Counties. Larvae in alfalfa locally in Sussex County, and adults numerous in
same crop, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damage to
soybeans continues, infestations spotted, eastern and southeastern areas, ranging
light to severe. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation of peanuts and
soybeans, Pender County. (Scott, Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Moths numerous,
Orangeburg and Clarendon Counties. Larvae damaging crops, Aug. 21,Chesterfield
County. Moderate infestation on soybeans. (Nettles et al.). ALABAMA - Light
damage on grain sorghum in Lee and DeKalb Counties. (Grimes, Eden). WISCONSIN -
Major moth flight Aug. 27-28, Platteville and Arlington. Relatively small
numbers in light traps since. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Destructive to
corn some areas. One field with 20 percent ear damage, Moody County. (Hantsbar-
ger). KANSAS - No economic infestations of sorghum or milo, 25 northeast and
east central counties. (Matthew). UTAH - Moths still appearing in light traps
in Utah, Weber and Cache Counties. Corn damage above normal, throughout State.
Severe, many locations. (Knowlton et al.).

- 738 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW YORK - In latest plantings beginning
to tassel in Hudson Valley, infestation 6 percent. (Adams). DELAWARE - Larvae
in moderate numbers continue to attack late field corn in parts of New Castle and
Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Not in outbreak proportions in
soybeans. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation on peanuts and soybeans,
Pender County. (Scott, Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting most hegari plant-
ings, in Charleston area considerable injury, some cases. (Reid). ARKANSAS -
This years infestation probably worst State has ever had. Corn principal host,
sorghum ranked second. (Barnes et al.). KANSAS. - Below economic level in
sorghum and milo, numerous in late-planted corn, 25 northeast and east central
counties. Severe feeding damage to newly-emerged rye, Brown County. Counts up
to 15 larvae per linear foot of row. (Matthew). TEXAS - Decreased populations
on lawns and pastures, Brazos County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Whorl damage to
late-planted sorghum throughout State. Light infestations in early sorghum
heads, southwestern counties. Corn shows tunneling and shank feeding. Building
up in scattered alfalfa fields. (Coppock). COLORADO - Apparently dominates in
ear damage over corn earworm in some areas Prowers, Bent, Otero and Pueblo
Counties. (Exp. Sta.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Found for first
time this year in Columbia, Nevada, Pike, Hot Springs and Jackson Counties.
(Barnes et al.).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Light in sorghum, Burleson County.
(Turney).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - Extensive damage to sugarcane in
Palm Beach County. (Questel).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Light on soybeans, Centerville. Those collected June 5 from
Caroline County, determined as Sericothrips variabilis by K. O'Neill. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

WEBWORMS - OREGON - Crambus sp. larval populations light in fescue fields, though
adults numerous during harvest period, Benton County. (Dickason). VIRGINIA -
Acrolophus sp. and Crambus sp. heavily damaged lawn, Amelia County, July 19.
(Morris, Holmes). ALABAMA - Undetermined species prevalent in Mobile County

on lawns. (Winkler, Lockhart, Seibels).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Infestations found for
first time in Butler & Tuscaloosa Counties during period June through August.
Each infestation less than 5 acres. Extensions of infestations totaled 102
properties on 6,987 acres during period. (Owen). FLORIDA - Surveys during
August revealed 3 new infestations in Santa Rosa County; 1 in Walton County,
with two extensions;and 3 in Okaloosa County, with 16 extensions. In Gadsden,
Holmes, Washington and Calhoun Counties extensions were revealed where any
appreciable survey work was conducted. Beetles found for first time in and
around Graceville, Jackson County. Total of 804 properties inspected, of which
95 were infested, involving 6,633 acres. (PPC So. Reg., Aug. Rept.).

A BILLBUG (Calendra venatus vestita) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 40 per 300
square feet, Zoysia sod, Duval County. (Mayeux).

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - FLORIDA - Adults heavily infesting 30 acres
of newly-harvested corn, Marion County. Averaging 1-3 per ear, 25 acre field,
Alachua County. (Hunter).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - TEXAS - Light infestations on rice in Wharton,
Jefferson, Matagorda, Fort Bend and Brazoria Counties. (Turney, Bowling).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - TEXAS - Infesting grain sorghum in Hale County.
(Linner).

LG6T ‘Og eunr

7 SUV ‘Odd UT peisderg SYND9O NOILVLS34NI HOIHM NI. S3ILNNOS Gey
000‘0Z/ —— Sjuaujoo4 pegis9sesd
Buimojjoy s409A esow 4O 884144 4JOJ punos
ue8g eADY sejje9eq OU YoIYM Uo BbDBsIDY

99% '019 — S/0104 pejseju) eboei9Iy

NOILVLS3INI
g3iv10sI

- 739 -

‘SM Eu JO YOnW jnoYyBnoiy}) seAjesweyy jdopD
upd $6|jeeg “0990q0} puD ‘euDoiDBns ‘se04D4}
-odjaems ‘synuoed ‘pzapedse| ‘D4)Dj|D ‘u0}yoo ‘us09
$80 sdoso juojsodwi! yons Buipnjous ‘syudjd yo
seloeds Aunw uo pee} sejjeeq pebulsj-o}1uM

TOYULNOD 31LSSEd GSONIYS-S3LIHM

- 740 -

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Large numbers infesting grain
sorghum, Lee County. (Grimes). SOUTH CAROLINA - Few on legumes, Lee County.
Aug. 21. (Nettles et al.).

WOOLLYBEARS -— SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant in southeast and east central areas. Up
to one larva per linear foot of row on soybeans, Clay County. (Hantsbarger).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Numerous in alfalfa in eastern Sussex
County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Building up with counts in northeast
ranging from 100-300 per 100 sweeps; Republican Valley area, 100 per 100 sweeps;
Platte Valley area, 125 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen, Weekman). WISCONSIN - In
much of alfalfa and red clover throughout State. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). UTAH -
More abundant on alfalfa than earlier in many areas. Damaging locally.
(Knowlton et al.).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - Throughout eastern area red clover
seed fields. (Waters).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - VIRGINIA - Feeding on maturing peanuts, some
fields, Surry County, Aug. 23. (Rowell).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - VIRGINIA - Feeding on maturing peanuts in
some fields, Surry County, Aug. 23. (Rowell).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS - DELAWARE —- Prodenia ornithogalli larvae numerous in
alfalfa, eastern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). UTAH - Seriously reduced
second-crop alfalfa seed prospects, Millard County. (Knowlton et al.).

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - In most red clover seed fields,
eastern counties, 1-6 adults per sweep. (Waters).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - KANSAS - Common in alfalfa, 1-3 per sweep,
northeast counties. (Matthew). UTAH - E. pennsylvanica damaging alfalfa seed
field blossoms, Duchesne County. (Knowlton).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in
alfalfa, southwestern counties. (Coppock).

STINK BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in alfalfa, light in sorghum heads, southwestern
counties. (Coppock).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - DELAWARE - Adults prevalent in alfalfa
generally, larvae common to abundant locally, occasionally throughout fields in
Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae infesting
peanuts in Martin County. (Scott, Rabb).

SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Causing alfalfa seed reductions in
number of fields, Millard County. (Knowlton et al.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - In second cutting alfalfa, 4 adults,
15 larvae per sweep, Bingham County. (Waters).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs common
in older alfalfa, some areas, Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Especially
numerous, Richland County, Aug. 30. (NettIes et al.). Seriously damaging some
soybean plantings in Charleston area. (Reid). NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting peanuts
and soybeans locally Pender County. (Scott, Farrier).

SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Heavy on soybeans at Centerville. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
COLORADO - Tetranychus telarius problem on corn much less than last year. Very
little injury to corn, Some injury to sorghums. (Exp. Sta.).

- 741 -

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Situation as Reported - September 6

titers Present to Economic

WInereasing

eR

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
No major buildup yet, in southeast area. One heavy infestation, Clay County,

5 per sweep. Infestation averaging 2 per 50 sweeps, Moody County. New county
record for year. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Populations dropping northeast area,
100-300 per 100 sweeps. In southeast building up, counts up to 800 per 100
sweeps. Central Platte Valley area, 20-60 per 100 sweeps. Continue to increase,
Republican Valley area, counts up to 920 per 100 sweeps. (Weekman, Andersen).
KANSAS - Light to heavy populations in localized areas, Greenwood and Lyons
Counties. Light infestations in east central counties and northeast counties.
More numerous on new plant growth than on plants growing for seed or where
cutting has been delayed. Counts 5-140 per 25 sweeps. Heavy populations some
localized areas, south central counties. (Matthew). CALIFORNIA - Numbers general-
ly lighter than year ago. Some late increase, Antelope Valley, Los Angeles
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). COLORADO - Situation static, no change past 3
weeks, Sept. 3. (Exp. Sta.). WISCONSIN - No evidence of presence in alfalfa
thus far. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). UTAH - Small numbers as far north as Tooele and
Utah Counties this season. (Knowlton et al.). OKLAHOMA - Buildup continues

in southwest irrigated alfalfa, up to 1100 per 10 sweeps. Dry land populations
variable, light numbers in crops saved for seed. Predator populations variable,
general buildup of lady beetles, most fields. (Coppock).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA = Soil sampled from 126
properties and plant inspections on 429 properties involved 21,000 acres of
soybeans in commercial growing areas. No soybean cyst nematode found. (Owen).
FLORIDA - Surveys in 6 northwest counties on 108 properties comprised 5,718
acres. No soybean cyst nematode found. (PPC, So. Reg. Aug. Rept.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Specimens determined from South Mills, Camden County, northeast area.
One property involved. (PPC).

- 742 -

WHITEFLIES - ALABAMA - Heavy infestation on soybeans, Baldwin County. (Wilson).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - NEBRASKA - Adult and nymphal
populations high, averaging 400 per 100 sweeps in southeast, 178 per 100 sweeps
in Platte Valley area, and 280 per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley area.
(Andersen).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE -. Increasing in alfalfa Sussex
County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Populations remain high in northeast,
200-300 per 100 sweeps. In Republican Valley area, 320 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen, Weekman). WISCONSIN - Populations continue to decline. (Wis. Ins.
Surv.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Adults common locally,
Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

LYGUS BUGS - IDAHO - Numerous all untreated alfalfa fields, eastern and southern
areas. (Waters). UTAH - Still numerous in many alfalfa fields throughout State.
(Knowlton et al.).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Infesting peanuts,
McCulloch, Mason and Frio Counties. (Spears). VIRGINIA - Infestations on
peanuts on 2 farms Sussex County. Expected to become worse. (Pearson).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Larvae common in alfalfa, central
Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Present most soybean fields

surveyed. (Morris). OKLAHOMA - In alfalfa throughout State generally, 0-4

per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).

LEAF MINERS - DELAWARE - Liriomyza sp. injury common to alfalfa foliage locally,
eastern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) -—- PENNSYLVANIA - Severe on unsprayed apples
in Centre County. ine).

SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfura) - MARYLAND - Heavy on crabapple at Silver
Spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) ,

PEACH TREE BORERS - UTAH - Some peach and prune trees in Box Elder and Tooele
Counties severely affected. (Knowlton).

SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging peaches in Valyermo
section of Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

GRAPE GALL INSECTS - RHODE ISLAND - Galls of Lasioptera vitis abundant on wild
and cultivated grapes at Kingston with Phylloxera vitifoliae and Asteromyia
petiolicola present on cultivated grapes. (Stoner).

GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - NEW YORK - Damage substantial in unsprayed
vineyards in Chautauqua County; non-existent where 2 or 3 spray program followed.
(N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).

FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) - OREGON - First larvae observed leaving
nuts August 28 near Corvallis. Number of exit holes increased sharply by
September 6. (Every).

TORTRICIDS - DELAWARE - Noticeable leaf and fruit injury in apple orchards in
Sussex County. (Kelsey).

- 743 -

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Severely defoliated some
walnut trees in southeastern area. (Hantsbarger) .

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - ALABAMA —- Inspections of traps
operated in Chilton County peach-growing Section and in south Baldwin and Mobile
Counties during June, July and August, were negative. (Owen). FLORIDA - During
August only one adult trapped in State. This find 3 miles northeast of Plant
City in Midway Community in Hillsborough County. Approximately 36,978 traps

in operation in State at close of August. By early October, acreage under
regulation will be reduced to approximately 2,000 acres if no additional finds
are made. (PPC, Fla. Area, Aug. Rept.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - CALIFORNIA - More numerous than usual in
1957, still numerous in Some southern San Joaquin Valley citrus orchards.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.).

Citrus Insect and Mite Situation, Lake Alfred,Florida - Activity of PURPLE SCALE
declined but increasing trend, with beginning of new hatch, will start about
Sept. 10. Activity of FLORIDA RED SCALE continued to decline. Increased
hatching in one to two weeks, but little increase in activity expected. CITRUS
RED MITE activity increased slightly with slow continuing increase expected
through September. CITRUS RUST MITE activity slightly reduced with some further
reduction expected with increasing trend to begin in about two weeks. (Pratt,
Thompson, Johnson, Sept. 3).

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA —- Found in several commercial citrus
orchards in central area at population levels requiring treatment. Heretofore

black scale has not required treatment in citrus in San Joaquin and Sacramento

Valleys nor in the Coachella and Imperial Valleys. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - General increase, often not serious,
in southern San Joaquin Valley citrus orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Second-brood crawlers
appearing on pears since last of August in Jackson County. First-brood crawlers
appeared week to 10 days earlier than normal and second-brood more than month
early this season. (Gentner).

MITES — NEW YORK —- Problem on currants during summer in Chautauqua County.
Moderately heavy in sour cherry orchards since harvest and light to moderate
many apple orchards in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.). DELAWARE -
Increase of Tetranychus schoenei in apple orchards in Sussex County. No change
in abundance of Panonychu s ulmi noted. (Kelsey). UTAH - Discoloring apple
foliage in several counties. B oo praetiosa most common but some serious
injury caused by Tetranychus sp (Knowlton). OREGON - Eriophyes Pyri caused
economic injury to Polk County Baie orchards that did not receive dormant
sprays. (Every). P. ulmi damaged pear foliage several orchards in Hood River
(Ellertson) and control required on 40 acres of apple in Polk County in mid-
‘August (Every). Populations of Tetranychus mcdanieli building up very slowly
this summer in The Dalles on cherries and peaches. (Burts) .

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

APHIDS - NEW YORK - Populations continue to build up over State on cabbage,
broccoli, brussels sprouts, tomatoes, potatoes and melons. Worst infestations
in tomato fields since late 1940's in Chautauqua County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rept.).
NEW JERSEY - Numerous on cabbage. (Ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Brevicoryne
brassicae severe on commercial cabbage and cauliflower many locations in Kent
County. Appearing on large acreage or cabbage in New Castle County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

- 744 -

CABBAGEWORMS - DELAWARE - Trichoplusia ni troublesome and damaging cabbage,
cauliflower, pepper plants and fruit and foliage of tomatoes. Plutella maculi-
pennis pupae common on cabbage in central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTH CAROLINA - T. ni seriously damaging young cucumbers one farm, injuring some
tomato plantings, heavy on early collards and appearing on fall cabbage. Moderate
infestations of Pieris rapae on fall collards. (Nettles).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Adults and larvae common in Kent
and Sussex Counties on beans. (Milliron, Conrad).

POTATO APHIDS - MAINE —- Populations of Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii,
Myzus solani and M. persicae continued rapid decline in untreated plantings at
Presque Isle. Few plantings with moderate to large populations. Maturation of fall
migrants and large populations of lady beetles chiefly responsible for decline. Fall
migration of M. solanifolii and M. persicae began about August 25 and September 2
respectively. (Shands). NEW JERSEY -— Myzus persicae infesting late potatoes. (Ins.-
Dis. News.). COLORADO - Effective control of aphids on certified potatoes. (Exp. Sta.)

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Yellows in potatoes and tomatoes
severe many fields, particularly in San Luis Valley. Mild to severe symptoms evident
in scattered fields from southern to northern counties in eastern area, depending on
how effective control applied. (Exp. Sta.).

BLISTER BEETLES - RHODE ISLAND —- Moderate populations of Epicauta pennsylvanica adults
on potatoes at Wakefield. (Poland). Adults of Meloe americanus collected on potatoes
at Wakefield. (Stoner, Poland).

FLEA BEETLES - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 1-4 per plant in 20 acres of eggplant inspected
at Eviston, Alachua County. (Hunter). RHODE ISLAND - Adults of Epitrix cucumeris
markedly decreased on potatoes at Wakefield. (Poland).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Large population of late-instar larvae
almost completely defoliated abandoned tomato plantings at West Kingston. (Stoner).
DELAWARE - Injury increasing on tomatoes in Kent County generally,and places in
Sussex County. Heavy damage one location each in New Castle and Sussex Counties
despite heavy parasitism. (Milliron, Conrad). UTAH - Damaging potatoes and tomatoes
several localities. (Knowlton).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - PENNSYLVANIA - Spotty, not serious, on
tomatoes in York County. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Extensive infestation one tomato field
southwestern Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). UTAH - Outbreak most severe ever to
occur in State. Mites present many fields sprayed once for control. (Knowlton).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) -— DELAWARE - Severe injury to tomato
foliage locally, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). OREGON - Caused severe damage
to 70 acres of peppermint near Hermiston. Estimated 65 percent of leaf surface
damaged and yield reduced 35 percent. (Every).

VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) -— DELAWARE - Abundant in tomato fields generally.
(Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Populations in tomato fields at Beltsville low.
Heavy in fruit at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A WHITEFLY — DELAWARE - Prevalent on beans some locations and occurs on potatoes in
west central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

LEAFHOPPERS —- NEW YORK - Continue heavy on lettuce in Orange County. Some untreated
fields total loss. (N.Y. Wkly. Rept.). DELAWARE - Empoasca fabae common on lima beans
many locations in Kent and Sussex Counties, and few places in New Castle County.
Increasing on untreated late potatoes, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - DELAWARE - Adults common generally in lima bean
fields; feeding on calyx end of peppers one place in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 745 -

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Damaging pepper fruits and
stems several locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. Estimated percent fruit
infestation ranges from less than 1 to 10,depending on location. (Milliron, Conrad) .

COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - DELAWARE - Larvae damaging lima bean pods
one area of Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations on watermelons in Panola
County. (McKay). MARYLAND - At peak on snap and lima beans most sections. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - RHODE ISLAND - Abundant and causing
severe defoliation on abandoned bean plantings at West Kingston and Tuckertown.
(Stoner). DELAWARE - Continues troublesome on beans some places in Kent and Sussex
Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). COLORADO - Damage spotty, some areas severe, generally
not as serious as 1956. (Exp. Sta.).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - MARYLAND - C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata
larvae very low on asparagus at Elkton and Beltsville compared with previous years.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - RHODE ISLAND - Severe infestation late instar
larvae on chard at West Kingston; 4 burrows per leaf with as Many as 6 larvae per
burrow. (Stoner).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - MISSISSIPPI - Defoliated large sweetpotato
fields in Aberdeen district of State. (Goodgame) .

RASPBERRY PESTS - WISCONSIN - About 20 percent of canes in Dane County infested with
Obera bimaculata and about 10 percent had swellings caused by Agrilus ruficollis,
both of which are quite general in southwestern counties, especially where treatments
not applied at proper time of season. Yields may be reduced next season as result of
damage. Larvae of Monophadnoides geniculatus present in fair numbers some plantings.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.) UTAH - Cane borers and girdlers causing unusual amounts of damage
in Box Elder, Weber, Davis, Salt Lake and Utah Counties this season, particularly to
raspberries. Mites damaging foliage in number of communities. (Knowlton).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ARKANSAS - Little change in situation over last
week. In general, all insecticides have given good results when properly applied.
(Barnes et al.). TENNESSEE - Migration continues in northern counties. Cotton
maturing rapidly so further damage expected to be light. More weevils in fields all
over west Tennessee than since 1950. First time in many years that weevils have
caused damage as far as northern counties. (Locke). OKLAHOMA —- Square infestation up
to 8 percent and over in some fields of southwest area. Up to 4 percent of young
bolls show larvae. (Coppock).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARIZONA - Populations generally low from Maricopa
to Santa Cruz Counties, August 30. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). ARKANSAS - Eggs and larvae
continue in many fields. Little damage from thesepests because of successful
control. (Barnes et al.). TENNESSEE - Slight increase and damage still occurring

in late cotton. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Very little current damage to squares in
southwestern area; however, previously up to 8 percent of bolls destroyed. Eggs
light in most fields. (Coppock).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ALABAMA - Bloom and boll inspections
completed in 15 counties at widely—distributed points over State. No pink bollworm
found. (Owens).

LOOPERS - OKLAHOMA - Widespread, heavy populations in southwestern area. Light to
medium defoliation. Insecticidal treatments have generally given poor control.
(Coppock) .

- 746 -

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - General, light population in all
areas. (Coppock).

SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Becoming heavier but not expected to damage late
cotton. (Locke).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Populations greatly reduced by
virus but moths abundant in many areas. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Required controls
in number of fields from Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties, August 30. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARIZONA - Occurring in cotton in six
counties, August 30. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NORTH CAROLINA —- Attacking
regrowth on 20 acres in Hoke County. (Mistric). Numerous adults in light
traps Johnston and Duplin Counties. (Farrier).

WHITEFLIES - OKLAHOMA - Heavy numbers in most cotton fields in southwest counties.
(Coppock).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Continue problem in some areas, August 30.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - VIRGINIA —- Killing and heavily damaging pine trees in
association with Monochamus titillator at Richmond (Willey) and heavily damaged
pine trees around new homes in Holland on July 10; species at Holland determined
as I. calligraphus by W. H. Anderson (Boush, Harris).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Scouting during winter of 1956-
1957 located approximately 63,000 acres of woodland heavily infested. About
8,000 acres in State forests and 46,000 acres on privately owned land were
sprayed during 1957 season at cost of 30,265 dollars to State and 23,055 dollars
to towns. Scouting for defoliation located 4,200 acres, 50 percent or more
defoliated, in 12 towns. Practically all heavy infestations were in towns not
sprayed since outbreak started. These towns are Burlington, Harwinton, Plymouth,
Torrington, Watertown and Wolcott. Heaviest infestation nearest to New York
State Line is near Waterbury which is about 25 miles from State line. (Cooke,
Sept. 5)i-

GRAPE SCALE (Aspidiotus uvae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on elms in Westmoreland
County in August. (Udine).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae infesting
pine locally in Nash County. (Scott, Farrier).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Third instars
heavily infesting red pine at Bailey's Harbor in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

ENGELMANN SPRUCE WEEVIL (Pissodes engelmanni) - MONTANA —- Prevalent in y
reproduction Engelmann spruce stands in Lolo National Forest near Missoula.
(Missoula For. Ins. Lab.).

DUSKY BIRCH SAWFLY (Croesus latitarsus) - WISCONSIN - Second-generation larvae
in later instars and somewhat more numerous than 1956 on birch in Dane County.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Feeding on
elms in Bon Homme County. (Lofgren).

- 747 -

A LOOPER (Semiothisa sexmaculata) - MONTANA — IDAHO - Heavy larval populations
found in larch stands in States during August. Little damage expected due to
lateness of season. (Missoula For. Ins. Lab.).

APHIDS - PENNSYLVANIA — Myzocallis bella causing leaf drop on red oak and
Periphyllus lyropictus causing very heavy honeydew on Norway maple in Centre
County. (Pepper, Udine). MONTANA - Infestations of Chermes cooleyi in Douglas-
fir Christmas tree stands near Eureka caused much concern. (Missoula For. Ins.
Lab.). FLORIDA - Cinara carolina adults averaged 500 per square inch of limb on
25 pine trees at St. Augustine, St. Johns County. (King, Aug. 19). IDAHO -
Populations increasing on rose bushes in Twin Falls. (Gibson).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - CONNECTICUT - Defoliation up to 90
percent on oaks in small areas of central Connecticut, including East Haddam, ~
Chester and Haddam. (Bingham, Cooke). Complete defoliation in small areas of
towns of Mansfield, Scotland and Windham. (Slater). RHODE ISLAND - Pupation
started. Observed many locations, particularly at Charlestown. Defoliation of
lower branches almost 100 percent many locations with total defoliation about
35 percent. (Stoner).

RED-HUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista albifrons) - RHODE ISLAND - Several colonies late-
instar larvae observed on various oaks West Kingston and Exeter. Considerable
defoliation of lower branches. Believed to be first report of season. (Stoner).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN — Summer
emergence continues. Thus far this season 365 trees in 7 counties and 46
communities diagnosed with Dutch elm disease as of September 4, compared with
total of 63 trees in 6 counties and 14 communities in 1956. Jefferson County
only new county where disease found in 1957 to date. All counties in south-
eastern area. Sheboygan and Crawford Counties new to list where S. multistriatus
found infesting native elm. Heavy beetle populations some trees at Madison.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

SPIDER MITES - MONTANA - Widespread outbreaks of Tetranychus spp. on approximately
25,000 acres of Douglas-fir forests that were sprayed in 1956 to control spruce
budworm found in Helena, Lewis and Clark and Beaverhead National Forests.
(Missoula For. Ins. Lab.). RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy on azalea in nursery.
(Mathewson) .

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - VIRGINIA - Defoliated oaks
along State Route 168 about center of Warwick County. Infestation extended
about 2 miles on both sides of highway with almost complete defoliation of trees.
(Willey, Matheny).

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - WISCONSIN - Heavy defoliation by high
populations along Thunder River east of Blue Mountain in Marinette County.
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

WHITEFLIES - ALABAMA — Numerous on privet and gardenia in Lee County. (Grimes),

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) -— PENNSYLVANIA —- Larvae feeding on mimosa at
Philadelphia, August 25. (Drooz). DELAWARE — Severe locally throughout State

on mimosa. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaging locust in Alexandria July 31.
Det. H. W. Capps. (Morris).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Populations generally lower
than usual. (Stoner). ALABAMA — Traps operated in 14 counties showed negative

result during June, July and August. (Owen).

HACKBERRY LACE BUG (Corythucha celtidis) - INDIANA - Abundant at Columbus and
Fort Wayne. (Schuder).

- 748 -

HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation on
cotoneaster in York County. (Pepper).

ALLEGHENY MOUND ANT (Formica exsectoides) -— INDIANA - Several different sites
found in white pine plantation at LaPorte. Trees 3-12 feet tall killed in
radius of 15 feet of mound. (Schuder).

FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) - FLORIDA - Infesting wide range of
ornamental plants in Duval County. (H. Denmark).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Second-generation larvae
completely skeletonized great numbers of elm trees in Canyon, Payette and
Washington Counties. (Waters). UTAH - Damaging in Salt Lake City area.
(Knowlton).

SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) - WISCONSIN - Populations quite high some
localities. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

AN OLEANDER CATERPILLAR (Syntomeida epilais jucundissima) - FLORIDA - Generally
infesting oleander in central and northern areas of State. (H. Denmark).

A NOCTUID (Apamea keiferi) - OREGON - Boring into iris bulbs at Portland nursery.
Det. S. E. Crumb. (Larson).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - ALABAMA - Numerous on dogs in Lee
County. (Grimes).

CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - ALABAMA - Large numbers infesting houses and
lawns in east central area. (Grimes).

HOUSE FLIES - UTAH - Continue a problem in scattered localities. (Knowlton).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - RHODE ISLAND —- Increasing and annoying in homes
in West Kingston. (Stoner) .

MOSQUITOES - RHODE ISLAND - Moderate numbers of Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens
adults biting at Kingston August 27. (Hyland). SOUTH DAKOTA - Very abundant
in northern portions of Marshall and Roberts Counties, predominately A. vexans.
(Hantsbarger). UTAH - Continue annoying number of locations. (Knowlton).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA —- Activity continues to increase
in State. Heaviest infestation north of Auburn, east of U. S. Highway 31.
(Grimes). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe on domestic animals throughout Hoke County.
(Williford). SOUTH CAROLINA - Many cases and some deaths of animals suspected
in Lee County. (Nettles). SOUTH DAKOTA - Outbreak occurred in Corson and
Dewey Counties; control underway. (Hantsbarger).

PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged many
per tree on Chinese elm at Marianna, Jackson County. Poisonous hairs caused
irritation on woman's arm that required medical attention. (Alexander, Aug. 21).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ALABAMA - Initial and repeat inspections
during June, July and August were negative. (Owen).

- 749 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WISCONSIN - Apparently many colonies will enter
winter with high populations and inadequate winter stores. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA — Numerous in Republican Valley with counts per 100
sweeps as follows: nabids-220, Orius-140, Geocoris-40, lacewings-40, lady
beetles-40. (Andersen). IDAHO - Orius tristicolor nymphs very numerous most
red clover fields in eastern area. (Waters).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID PARASITE (Praons palitans) - CALIFORNIA - Greater numbers
reported in alfalfa fields in Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, than ever
before. This is sudden buildup preceded by considerable damage by spotted
alfalfa aphid. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - UTAH — Larval abundance above normal.
Movements across highways common. (Knowlton).

A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Reproductive forms began
migrating week of August 26 in western area. Numerous inquiries received.
(Every).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forificula auricularia) - PENNSYLVANIA - Several specimens

collected in Clinton County. (Gessell). UTAH - Still a problem many communities.
Some decrease in numbers. (Knowlton).

AN EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) - IDAHO - Populations very abundant
in commercial beds at Boise. (Hilfiker).

- 750 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires sexta quin.
Counties

Lee 8/31, 9/3 87 38 132 13 6

De Kalb 8/31, 9/3, 9/6 10 16 12 Se e2il5 35 19
ARKANSAS

Fayetteville 8/30-9/5 16 17 3 122

Hope 8/29-9/4 6 L 1 10

Stuttgart 8/29-9/4 7 10

Varner 8/28-9/3 75 136 163
COLORADO

Rocky Ford 8/21 100 72 64 8

Greeley 8/23 39 17

New Liberty 8/24 6
FLORIDA

Gainesville 9/5 i 1
GEORGIA (County)

Titteo72zonmal. 130 118 57 479 781 15 46 3
ILLINOIS

Urbana 8/29-9/4 113} 7 266 27 9 42 31
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 8/24-9/3 6 8 40 7 13 191

Tippecanoe 8/30-9/5 19 48 15 9 143 10
KANSAS

Garden City 8/29-9/ 2 48 33 16

Hays 8/29-9/4 15 9 40

Wathena 8/28-9/3 12 61 374 158 124
MARYLAND (County)

Wicomico 9/3-9 53 118 74
MISSISSIPPI

*Stoneville 8/30-9/5 169 348 668 460 860 36 65
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Box Butte 8/19-26 681 11 201 S 35 1 3

Lincoln 8/22-28 456 23 40 15 45 ai 11

Scotts Bluff 8/26-9/1 45 3 60 1
SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston 8/26-9/1 26 8 45 51 328 2 13 4

Oconee 8/31-9/6 31 34 61 2 35 83 1 8 1
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Lauderdale 8/28-9/3 35 15 28 63 3

Madison 56 144 64 8 32 636 56

Lawrence 32 80 16 56 724 32

Maury 4 12 12 8 132 116 28

Robertson 32 152 104 16 48 536 88 40

Cumberland 6 4 6 2 82 14 4

Knox 76 36 76 4 36 428 28

Greene 64 24 72 8 168 72 8

Blount 40 32 16 56 24 8

Monroe 89 24 79 8 2 72

Johnson 64 154 244 40 40 132
TEXAS

Waco 8/31-9/6 66 69 80 649 1

Brownsville 8/19-23 4 24 124 78 4 5

Additional collections: Pectinophora gossypiella: Texas-Brownsville (8/19-23) -
1,254; Waco (8/31-9/16) - ; i. ari

* 4 traps Stoneville

- 751 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli (Coquillett) )

Economic Importance: This leaf miner frequently causes total loss of the bean
crop in a number of tropical and sub-tropical countries. In Australia it is
largely responsible for restriction of the bean-growing season to the cooler
months and even then can cause serious losses if the winter is mild. New
South Wales rates the fly as the most important pest of beans. Infestations
up to 100 percent are recorded in Kenya and Tanganyika with resultant losses
of 50 to 100 percent. Replanting of the bean crop has been necessary in Egypt
and heavy damage occurs in Belgian Congo. Soybeans are severely damaged in
China and Java, though usually following a green manure crop. Considerable
reduction in stand of cowpeas is reported from Ceylon.

Distribution: In Africa known to occur in Tanganyika, Union South Africa,
Kenya, Uganda, Rhodesia, Belgian Congo, and Egypt. Areas infested in Asia
include East India, Burma,Malaya, Ceylon, Singapore, Indonesia, New Guinea,
China and Philippines. Also recorded in Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia,
New Zealand, Guam and Samoa.

.M. phaseoli Damage to Beans
(egg-laying punctures, larval mining, stem injury)

General Distribution of Bean Fly

- 752 -

Hosts: Principally a pest of beans including snap and lima beans, but also an
important pest of cowpeas and soybeans in areas. Other reported hosts include
nightshade, chick peas, Dolichos sp. and crotalaria.

Life History and Habits: Eggs are deposited in the upper leaf surface. The
base of the blade seems preferable. Punctures may be very numerous but
frequently only small numbers contain eggs. Hatching occurs in 2-4 days in
warm weather and the larva mines in the leaf and eventually finds its way to
a vein and thence down to the stem. Larval stage requires about 9 days.
Pupation, lasting from 9 to 12 days, occurs in the main stem though sometimes
in lateral stems. Complete life cycle requires 17 days during peak season in
Egypt; however, it varies from 21 to 47 days, according to temperature and
altitude, in Java. M. phaseoli is primarily a pest of seedling beans. An
acute infestation of young plants is characterized by drooping of first two
leaves and yellowing. If plants survive initial attack, the stems burst
(normally at the ground level) where the pupae and larvae congregate and large
rusty-red calloused areas develop.

Description: The adult is small, measuring about 2.5 mm. in length, shiny
black with reddish eyes. Body strongly tinged with blue, polished, not
light-colored, pruinose. Thorax bearing two pairs of dorso-central macrochaetae,
Wings nearly transparent, costa strongly thickened beyond apex first vein,

small cross-vein distinctly beyond middle of discal cell, hind cross-vein at
three-fourths of its length beyond small apex of third vein midway between
apices of second and fourth veins. Tibial and tarsal joints not noticeably
dilated or swollen. The egg is white, oval and measuring 175 by 345 microns.
Mature larvae creamy white, 4.25 mm. long. Pupa yellow to brown and about 3 mm.
in length. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other
ARS agencies.) CEIR 7(37) 9-13-57

Larva Adult Puparium

(figures greatly enlarged)

Figures of damage from Caldwell, N. E. H. 1939. Queensland Agr. Jour. 52(4):
393-396.

Figures of life stages from Hassan, A. S. 1947. Soc. Fouad 1©7 D'Ent. Bul.
41: 217-224,

UTA enna RATS Eset
aii RH a Wi ae
Rar is Ves oa ay
1M bi
is 4
i

Ve eg
SNe Ost

ay

ate
reeetes
mth 7
Ine Wa)

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

gee GOOLE A ,.
i =
en ie

fis au se
; ee eS Wer
e, ZG ISOS /

we

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 September 20, 1957 Number 38

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions
EUROPEAN CORN BORER reported in three Louisiana parishes. (p. 755).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID requiring control in some Nevada counties but. declining
to near non-economic levels in Kansas. New county records from Indiana and
Alabama. (p. 756).

PLANT BUGS continue unusually heavy in legumes in areas of Indiana and Utah.
(p. 757).

New county records for PEAR PSYLLA in California. (p. 758).

TOMATO FRUITWORM causing heavy loss on tomatoes in some fields in New Mexico.
Very destructive to lima beans in Delaware. (p. 758).

BOLLWORMS continue to cause heavy damage in several New Mexico counties.
Increasing in California and Pinal County, Arizona. (p. 760).

LARCH CASEBEARER reported from Idaho for first time. (p. 765).
PINE TIP MOTHS unusually severe in Arkansas. (p. 761).

MOSQUITO populations increasing in California. Seriously abundant in some
Utah counties. (p. 763).

A TENEBRIONID (Tribolium destructor) recorded in State of Washington for first
time. (p. 763).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL control (map). (p. 759).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 767).
Distribution of JACK-PINE BUDWORM in Lake States. (p. 762).
Family designation for certain MOTHS. (p. 765).

CORRECTIONS (p. 764).

ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 764).

FO OR I IO I OK OK OR A kk

Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 13 unless otherwise
designated.

- 754 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-SEPTEMBER TO MID-OCTOBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-September to mid-October
calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals east of the Appalachians
with greatest departures along the North and Middle Atlantic Coast. Below normal
temperatures are expected to prevail from the lower Mississippi Valley and western
Great Lakes Region westward to the Plateau States. In unspecified areas, near
normal temperatures are in prospect, except for above normal along the West Coast.
Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the eastern third of the nation,
but be subnormal west of the Continental Divide. About normal amounts are
indicated in the central third of the country.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook,"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a
half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 16

An almost continuous flow of Polar air over central and western interior regions
kept temperatures below normal in those areas, while a warm, moist flow of air
from the Gulf resulted in several hot, humid days in the eastern Unitted States.
Average temperatures for the week ranged from 10° below normal at Cheyenne, Wyo.,
to 7° above at Baltimore, Md. In New England hot weather was preceded by a cold
snap on the 10th when below-freezing minima were recorded at many mountain
stations and Greenville, Maine, reported 29°. Maxima in the 90's extended into
southern New England by the 13th when Boston's 93° set a new record there for the
date. Frost and freezing were reported from numerous places in the Rocky Moun-
tains and northern Great Plains and the extreme upper Mississippi Valley. In
Utah the freeze damaged potatoes in Garfield and Piute Counties, and some alfalfa
seed and corn in Millard County, and some scattered damage was reported from
western Colorado, but elsewhere little or no damage occurred. West of the
Continental Divide another rainless week continued the dry weather regime there.
In Washington and Oregon the dry weather with above-normal temperatures and low
relative humidity created an extreme fire hazard, and logging operations were
suspended in western Washington. Precipitation was spotted and mostly light in
the Rocky Mountains, the western and extreme northern and southern Great Plains,
and extreme upper Mississippi Valley. Rain turned to snow in southeastern
Wyoming on the 10th and again on the 13th with 1- to 3-inch falls melting rapidly.
On the latter date up to 5 inches of snow also fell in the northern mountains of
Colorado.

Rather general moderate to heavy rains fell over the central Great Plains and the
area from the Mississippi Basin to the Atlantic Coast, except that amounts were
light in upper New England. These rains restored adequate soil moisture for fall
planting, germination, and growth in sections of the Great Plains and South, and
further improved moisture conditions along the East coast. Weekly totals general-
ly ranged from 1-1/2 to 3 inches in Kansas, 1 to 3 inches in Oklahoma and 1 to
locally over 6 inches in the South. Along the middle Atlantic coast amounts
generally ranged from 1/2 inch to locally over 2 inches, and general rains were
falling east of the Appalachians at the close of the period. Local hail and wind
damage occurred in Thomas County, Kans., and on the 10th a small tornado was
reported in the Bridgeville, Del., area. Hurricane Carrie at 5 a.m., e.s.t., on
the 17th was about 200 miles north-northeast of Bermuda, moving northward about
16 m.p.h., and was expected to turn more to the northeast. Another tropical
storm, Esther, was located about 350 miles south of the west Louisiana coast at

4 a.m., c.s.t., September 17. Highest winds near the center were estimated at

45 m.p.h., and the storm was moving northward at 10 m.p.h. (Summary supplied by
U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 755 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH CAROLINA - Most important pest of soybeans in Edgecombe
County. (Dogger). INDIANA - Mixed species, predominantly Melanoplus femur-
rubrum and M. differentialis, 5 per square yard in Pike, Martin, Dubois, Orange
and Washington Counties. (Wilson). KANSAS - Survey completed in northeast
counties. Counts noticeably less than last year, few localized areas may

cause trouble next year. Counts of 1-6.5 per square yard in corn, alfalfa, red
clover and sorghum. In weedy areas and some pastures, 1-12 per square yard.
Dominant crop species are Melanoplus differentialis, M. bilituratus, M.
bivittatus and M. femur-rubrum, with Ageneotettix deorum dominant in pastures.
Few grasshoppers parasitized with fly larvae and some have died of a fungus
disease. Localized marginal infestations could cause damage to fall wheat and
alfalfa in northwest and west central counties. Several counties in this area
baiting extensively to give crop protection. (Matthew).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) -— LOUISIANA - Specimens collected in
one corn field in Madison Parish and one in Richland Parish (August 30).

Also taken from corn in East Carroll Parish, making 3 parishes infested.
(Oliver). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestations in north central and central regions
average 66 and 70 percent, with 299 and 292 borers per 100 plants, respectively.
(Hantsbarger). DELAWARE - Field corn populations approximately half of last
season. Small larvae unusually common at this time. (Milliron, Conrad).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate damage to
millet, Lea County. Infestation heavy before control was applied Sept. 7.
(Durkin). TEXAS - Infesting golf greens in Brazos County. (Turney). LOUISIANA -
Remains in alfalfa in Bossier Parish. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Infesting grain
sorghum in Sumter County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Light to moderate in most of
Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Moderate to heavy in several sorghum
fields in Washington County, with highs of several thousand per plant.
(Matthew) .

WHITE GRUBS - UTAH - Damaging a number of lawns in Salt Lake County (Lindsay)
and at Richfield and Cedar City (Knowlton et al.).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - UTAH - Injury still serious, generally. (Knowlton
et al.). NEW MEXICO — Very heavy in field corn, popcorn and broomcorn in Curry,
Quay and Roosevelt Counties. Approximately 50-70 percent loss in one field of
popcorn, Curry County, Sept. 7. (Durkin). NORTH CAROLINA - General infestation
on soybeans throughout Wayne County. (Jones, Farrier). TEXAS - In grain

sorghum heads, several localities in the panhandle. (Daniels). LOUISIANA -
High populations infesting late sorghum in Morehouse and Tensas Parishes.
(Oliver). WASHINGTON - Infestations of 3-100 percent in 50 cornfields sampled

in Yakima-Prosser area, August 15-19. Most fields showed over 60 percent
infested ears. (Dailey). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in Yolo County. (Cal.
Coop. Rept.). ALABAMA - Light damage to grain sorghum in Geneva and Sumter
Counties. (Grimes). MARYLAND - Considerable damage to pods in 9 fields of
soybeans, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae prevalent
generally in ears of field corn. Destroying soybean pods, eastern Sussex

County. Adults common in soybeans locally. (Milliron, Conrad). ARIZONA -
Averaged 80 per 100 ears in one 30-acre field of sweet corn, Graham County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) -— NEW MEXICO - Building up on corn and
sorghum, most areas of State. Heavy infestations on sorghum heads in Lea

County, Sept. 7. (Durkin). TEXAS - Infestations generally light and widespread
over the panhandle area. (Daniels). LOUISIANA - Late sorghum heavily infested
in Morehouse and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver).

- 756 -

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - DELAWARE - Light infestation in
field corn, Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - One heavy
infestation on corn, Quay County. Generally light in sorghum, Lea, Chaves and
Quay Counties, Sept. 7. (Durkin).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - LOUISIANA - Heavy populations in late
sorghum, Morehouse and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Numerous in heads
of grain sorghum in Geneva and Sumter Counties. (Grimes).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Damaging grain sorghum in some areas

of the panhandle. (Daniels).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Mostly moderate in
field corn, Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley. Light to moderate in 10 yards of
late hops in Moxee area. (Dailey).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - In several rice fields at 30-90 per
100 sweeps, St. Landry, Acadia, Vermillion and Lafayette Parishes. (Oliver).

NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) -— MARYLAND - Feeding on grass roots
and spot-killing, College Park area, with 6-9 per square foot in one lawn. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on lawns in Dona Ana
and Bernalillo Counties. Spotty infestations on alfalfa in Dona Ana County,
Sept. 7. (Durkin).

A WEEVIL (Centrinaspis sp.) - DELAWARE - Common in cornstalks throughout Kent and
Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy and spotty in corn in
Torrance County, Sept. 7. (Durkin).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG-TEXAS= Nysius sp. infesting grain sorghum in Hale, Swisher,
Castro, Deaf Smith, Carson and Grey Counties. Infestations light to heavy.
(Daniels).

DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Abundant in ears of field
corn, Sussex County. Less numerous northward. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHERN BEET WEBWORM (Pachyzancla bipunctalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae feeding on
grass in Jackson County, September 6. (Bond).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata) - UTAH - Now as far
north as Salt Lake’ County and present in at least 15 counties. (Knowlton et al.).
NEVADA -— Moderate to heavy in Esmeralda, Mineral and Nye Counties. Many fields
being treated, Sept. 6. (Parker). Increasing to economic level in dry fields
northwest of Gerlach, Washoe County. New infestations located north of Gerlach,
Sept. 6. (Bechtel). Populations higher than last year in Yerington area, Lyon
County. Control being applied, Sept. 6. (Lauderdale). INDIANA - Has moved 50
miles eastward up Ohio River to Madison and 50 miles north of the river. Only
apparent damaging populations are in Spencer and Perry Counties. New records

for Clark, Jefferson, Washington, Orange, Lawrence and Dubois Counties. (Wilson).
COLORADO - Taken between New Castle and Glenwood Springs, Garfield County. Las
Animas County, 29 per sweep (Sept. 7); Prowers County, 35 per sweep; Otero County,
21 per sweep (Sept. 3-7). (Exp. Sta.). ALABAMA - Found for first time in Macon
County. Infestation light. (Grimes). KANSAS - Populations down to near non-
economic levels. No reports of infestations requiring control. (Matthew).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA - Continues damage to alfalfa in
southern third of State. (Wilson).

- 757 -

LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Numerous on alfalfa, 100-130 per 100 sweeps, Graham County.
Damaging Lippia and Dichondra lawns in Casa Grande area, Pinal County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.).

PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Adelphocoris superbus above normal in alfalfa seed fields,
Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton et-al.). INDIANA - Adelphocoris
lineolatus,A. rapidus and Lygus spp. continue unusually heavy in southern areas.
(Wilson). OREGON — Low numbers of Lygus spp. in alfalfa, 0-3 adults and nymphs
per 10 sweeps in Malheur. (Capizzi). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lygus spp. averaging 10
per 10 sweeps in some central region alfalfa fields. (Hantsbarger). ARIZONA -
Lygus spp. 160-180 per 100 sweeps in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OREGON - Populations low, 3-5 per 10 sweeps, in 8
surveyed alfalfa fields, Malheur County. (Capizzi). UTAH — Moderate local
injury to alfalfa for hay in several counties, increasing many localities.
(Knowlton et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations building up in eastern alfalfa
fields with counts of 20 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NEVADA - Counts of
200-400 per sweep, Washoe County, Sept. 6. (Bechtel). Averaging 100-200

per sweep, Mineral County, Sept. 6. (Parker).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Damaging peanuts
in Geneva County. (Grimes).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - COLORADO - Larval numbers
decreasing (300 per 100 sweeps, Aug. 30; 40 per 100 sweeps, Sept. 5.). (Exp.
Sta.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) — LOUISIANA - Infesting alfalfa in Bossier Parish.
(Oliver).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) = UTAH - Common in alfalfa and red clover
fields. (Knowlton et al.).

A PYGMY MOLE-CRICKET (Tridactylus minutus) - UTAH - Collected under rocks in a
home lot, Logan, June 1. (et. A. B. Gurney). Apparently new record for State.
(Knowlton et al.).

STINK BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Thyanta spp. and Peribalus limbolarius up to 3
nymphs and adults per 10 sweeps in central region alfalfa fields. (Hantsbarger).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) = LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting
alfalfa, up to 150 larvae per 100 sweeps, Tensas Parish. Remains in soybeans at
25-100 per 100 sweeps in Pointe Coupee, St. Landry and West Baton Rouge Parishes.
(Oliver).

THRIPS - UTAH - Abundant in blossoming alfalfa in Box Elder, Millard, Duchesne
and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton et al.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Light infestation
in alfalfa in Macon County. (Grimes) .

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Few adults feeding on soybeans,
Sussex County, Sept. 10. (Milliron, Conrad).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Larvae active on soybean
foliage, generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Ten percent of apples in-

fested in untreated orchard in Clinton County. (Gesell). Growers with poor
spraying programs experiencing most difficulties in northwestern area. (Adams).

- 758 -

OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - DELAWARE - Causing moderate
amount of foliage damage in apple orchards, central Kent County. (Kelsey).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) -— DELAWARE - Active in apple
orchards in central Kent County. Small to full-grown larvae causing foliage
and fruit injury. (Kelsey).

A LEAF ROLLER - DELAWARE - Caused conspicuous amount of foliage injury in apple
orchards in central Kent County. Tentatively identified as Platynota sp.
(Kelsey).

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy larval
infestation of early instars on apple leaves locally in Duplin County and
skeletonizing apple leaves locally in Wake County. (Farrier, Reid).

ORCHARD MITES —- DELAWARE - Decline in activity of Tetranychus schoenei and
Panonychus ulmi on apples. (Kelsey). UTAH - Bryobia praetiosa damaging
orchards in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO —- Bryobia praetiosa and
Tetranychus mcdanieli heavy many unsprayed orchards in Lincoln, Otero, Santa Fe,
Bernalillo, Torrance, Rio Arriba and San Juan Counties. (Durkin, Sept. 7).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Some heavy infestations
apple orchards with incomplete Spray programs in Juniata and Blair Counties.
(Udine). Persisting and common in smaller commercial orchards in northwestern
area. (Adams). MARYLAND - Heavy on apples at Towson. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) -— CALIFORNIA - First reports from Santa Clara,
Alameda and Yolo Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - WASHINGTON - Severe infestations on
Concord grapes in Grandview-Sunnyside area causing concern in processing plants.
(Frick).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Causing
considerable damage to home plantings of grapes in Coolidge area, Pinal County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations found in new
locations in Santa Clara, Stanislaus and Mendocino Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy on pecans in
Kaufman, Hunt, Delta, Rockwall and Van Zandt Counties (Hawkins) and in Red River
County (Herschler).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) — NEW MEXICO - Generally light to heavy on
tomatoes in Luna and Dona Ana Counties with heavy loss some fields where control
not applied. (Durkin, Sept. 7). UTAH —- Damage moderate in home gardens in
Beaver, Kane and Iron Counties. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Very destructive to late
lima beans numerous locations southern Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron,
Conrad). Also recorded in pepper fruits. (MacCreary).

TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) -—- NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on
tomatoes in Dona Ana, Lea and Luna Counties,depending on control. (Durkin,
Sept. 7).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Several large patches
in 70 acre field of tomatoes in Snyder County. (Gesell).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Few found in pepper fruits,
Sussex County. (MacCreary).

759

000'eSv's
aa
Y)
/Y wv ey
., y ‘of
76 ooo'zce’t jooo'see'y/ = 000'ssa'y
( pe
i sf.
H f
ooo'cer'!
= A : 000'zbs
y 000'v vee H
‘ a 900'088'9
; 4
Lape ‘
4 . coo'lv! | ‘
7 c00'e92 2 ne? . 000'86S
“ pe 6
aS ee “
000'21z'i—3t" : . as
\
wW is Ss Se
o00'9sz'z
swe
2 iu Co
b a
,
4 4)
U ) . “UY
oe
4
~
ee 2
4

FOYULNOD WASSM OLVLOdLAaMS

OS6I-Iv6! uoljonpoid a6b1eA0 4pekQ| MOYS SO4DJS UI} seun6i4 :3LON

96004590 OJDJOdjoomMsS |OdIDUIdG ESS

euljuosonb sepun speiD y40M-uoU— pejsejul Ky

Komsepun u0l}02|pose 40 (04jU0d— pe}SejU| E233

000*zsI'l

ce

- 760 -

CUTWORMS - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy damage to sweetpotatoes in Salisbury area.
Estimated loss nearly 200 bushels one farm. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on beans in
Torrance County. Many fields severely damaged with as much as 50 percent loss.
(Durkin, Sept. 7). UTAH — Still damaging at Kanab and home gardens several
northern counties. (Knowlton).

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Severe infestation on lima beans in Lee County.
(Guyton). e

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - About 50 acres of banana
squash total loss due to curly top in Los Angeles County. Heavy rains in
mid-May kept filaree alive long enough for leafhopper migrations from drying
plants in June to infect local squash. (Gall. -Coops Rept...

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Very heavy some commercial cantaloup
fields in Major County. (Owens).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - UTAH - Damaging in Beaver, Sevier and Salt
Lake Counties. (Knowlton).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - OREGON - Damage to onions in Malheur County
fell off abruptly about mid-August. Early estimate of 20 percent loss of crop
now considered high. (Bond).

CABBAGEWORMS = NEW MEXICO - Trichoplusia ni medium to heavy in fall lettuce in
Eddy, Lea, Dona Ana, Bernalillo, Valencia and Sandoval Counties. Control being
applied. (Durkin, Sept. 7). RHODE ISLAND - Late-instar Pieris rapae causing

moderate damage to abandoned cabbage and broccoli at West Kingston. (Stoner).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - WASHINGTON - Severe damage to
peppermint roots by mature larvae one field near Prosser. (Frick).

STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) - UTAH —- Larvae damaging many
dewberry canes at Providence, July 12. Det. J. F. G. Clark and H. W. Capps.
(Davis, Knowlton).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARIZONA - Increased in Pinal County but
controlled by insecticides for lygus bugs and cotton leaf perforators. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA -— Populations increased considerably and some fields
heavily damaged. Predators continue very active in most fields. (Cal. Cott.
Lett.). NEW MEXICO - Continue to cause heavy damage in most fields in Dona
Ana, Eddy, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. Generally light to medium with scattered
heavy infestation in several other counties. (Durkin, Sept. 7). OKLAHOMA -
Activity decreasing in southwest, infestations generally less than 5 percent.
(Bryan).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Increasing on cotton in many fields
in Pinal County; as many as 4 per leaf. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO -
General but light in several counties. (Durkin, Sept. 7). OKLAHOMA - Looper
damage decreasing in southwest. (Bryan).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) = NEW MEXICO —- Generally heavy in cotton

in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt, Lea, Otero and Hidalgo Counties. Many untreated fields
severely damaged. (Durkin, Sept. 7). OKLAHOMA —- One field in Major County had
20-25 larvae per plant. (Owens).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA — Increasing but not at level
warranting controls. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

- 761 -

LYGUS BUGS —- ARIZONA - Some damage continues but decreasing in most areas.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Moderate to heavy populations persisting in
some fields in Imperial County but generally declining. (Cal. Cott. Lett.).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Severe damage to
1756 acres of cotton in Eloy area of Pinal County. One 10-acre field completely
defoliated. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

SPIDER MITES —- NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus telarius and T. desertorum light to
heavy and very spotty in cotton in Chaves, Lea and Dona Ana Counties. (Durkin,
Sept. 7).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BAGWORMS - NEW MEXICO - Thyridopteryx sp. very heavy on spruce, juniper,
arborvitae, elm and other trees in Curry and Chaves Counties. (Durkin, Sept. 7).
ARKANSAS = Severe infestations on cedar in Boone and Fulton Counties. (Ark.

For. Comm., Sept. 1).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae numerous on
twigs and small pine trees in Choctaw County. (Hutchins). NORTH CAROLINA -
Larvae infesting terminal growth of pine locally in Person County. (Scott,
Farrier). ALABAMA — Light infestation in Coffee County. (Grimes).

PINE TIP MOTHS= ARKANSAS —- Reports indicate most severe infestations in many
years, ranging from east delta through southern pine belt to the north Arkansas
mountains. Occasional trees forty feet or more in height being attacked.

(Ark. For. Comm., Sept. 1).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy infesta-
tion on pine at Charlestown. (Mathewson). UTAH - Damaging blue spruce and
pine needles at Salt Lake City. (Knowlton).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - CALIFORNIA - Intensive survey negative
in other areas of Modoc County. No live insects found on previously infested
trees in Alturas. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

WHITE-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pinetum) - INDIANA - Locally abundant in commercial
Christmas tree and private ornamental plantings at Bristol and Rochester.
(Schuder) .

IPS BEETLES — ARKANSAS - Slightly more active than one month ago, particularly in
south central and west central areas. (Ark. For. Comm., Sept. 1).

WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) — LOUISIANA — Infesting pine seedling nursery at
Homer. Considerable damage resulted. Control applied. (Oliver).

ROSE-SLUG (Endelomyia aethiops) = UTAH —- Damaging roses at Logan, June 1, Det.
B. D. Burks. Seldom reported in State. (Knowlton).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) = LOUISIANA — Infestations remain on pecan,
persimmon, willow and plum throughout State. (Oliver). WASHINGTON - Severe
infestations near Chelan in abandoned apple orchards. Numerous webs observed
principally on wild cherry in area. (Dailey, Ballard). Numerous webs in
Puyallup Valley area on alder, cottonwood, cherry and apple. Webs abundant

on wild cherry, alder and willow in Ellensburg and along the Yakima River towards
Yakima for about five miles. Webs frequent from Yakima to Moxee City and south
to Toppenish. Some neglected apple trees severely defoliated in Wapato area.
Scarce in Goldendale area. (Dailey).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND - Late-instar larvae
defoliating oaks in considerable numbers with pupation beginning. (Mathewson).

gc6t AeW ‘2 FETEVOT 3Sed 3Se10T VSN

- 762 -

SULVLS ANVI FHL NI WHOmand ANId-wOwr’ JO NOILINALULSIG

- 763 -

A CATERPILLAR (Allononyma vicarialis) - UTAH - Folding many leaves on birch trees
between Sevier and Big Rock Candy Mountain during mid-June. Det. H. W. Capps.
Unusual record for State. (Knowlton).

RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) — OKLAHOMA — Defoliating native sumac
in Red Oak area of Latimer County. Heavy infestation on scattered plants.
(Coppock, Latham).

PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - NORTH CAROLINA —- On roses locally
in Forsyth County and specimens identified from Surry, Guilford and Cabarrus
Counties. (Scott, Jones, Farrier).

ELM BORER (Saperda tridentata) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae burrowing in injured elm
limbs. (Beckman).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - RHODE ISLAND - Populations building up on
elm at Kingston. (Stoner).

PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) - DELAWARE - Very abundant on
maple, especially Norway maple, causing foliage-drop at many places in New
Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Seriously abundant at Kanab, Heber City, parts of Sevier,
Uintah, Tooele andMillardCounties. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Becoming a nuisance
in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, Sept. 6). CALIFORNIA - Bureau
of Vector Control reports indicate gradual but definite increase in populations
in coastal, San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. Anopheles freeborni continues
numerous in parts of northern Sacramento Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rep

TABANIDS —- ALABAMA —- Horse flies moderate on cattle in Wilcox County. (Hays).
HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - RHODE ISLAND - Adult populations increased in
West Kingston area. (Stoner). SOUTH DAKOTA - Prevalent in Brookings area.
(Hantsbarger).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - UTAH - Continues to bother livestock in Salt Lake
and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - ALABAMA - Numerous in Lee County.
(Grimes).

CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Basement infestations numerous
in many sections of State. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

WING LOUSE (Lipeurus caponis) - PENNSYLVANIA = Heavy infestation on poultry in
poultry plant in Juniata County. (Udine).
STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - ARIZONA — Numbers increasing most
stored grain. Some storage treated in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A TENEBRIONID (Tribolium destructor) = WASHINGTON - Single specimen found
infesting food in home in Seattle on September 12. New record for State.
(Hatch).

- 764 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LACEWINGS - UTAH - Adults and larvae abundant in northern and central areas.
(Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Adults 7-20 per 10 sweeps in northern and eastern
alfalfa fields. (Coppock, Latham).

DAMSEL BUGS - UTAH — Moderately numerous in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton).
SYRPHIDS - UTAH - Larvae often numerous in alfalfa fields in central and Uintah
Basin where pea aphid is abundant. (Knowlton, Sept. 5).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BOXELDER BUGS (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Numerous infestations in

several western area localities. Invasion of some homes reported. (Ni) De Inst
Rept.).
CARPET BEETLES - NORTH DAKOTA — Home infestations continue to be reported from
many sections. Inquiries more numerous this year than previously. (N. D. Ins.
Rept.).

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Two infestations reported
in houses in Allegheny County. (Arnold, Mallis).

AN ANT (Lasius claviger claviger) - CONNECTICUT - Many square miles of water
surface between Welch's Point and Pond Point on Long Island Sound covered with
winged forms. Counts 35 to 50 per square foot. (Loosanoff, Johnson).

WHITE LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) -—- ARIZONA - Larvae present in large
numbers some areas of Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
CORRECTION

CEIR 7(24): 470 - WHITE PINE SAWFLY should be RED-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion
nanulus).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

OKLAHOMA - GRASSHOPPER populations remain non-economic all areas of State.
Second-generation Melanoplus bilituratus typically fifth instar in the eastern
section. M. differentialis, M. bilituratus and Brachystola magna seen mating.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID populations generally light in eastern and northeastern
counties, up to 400-500 per 10 sweeps some fields with young growth. FALL
ARMYWORM becoming more common in sorghum heads in the central and eastern
sections; up to 4 larvae per sorghum head in Hughes County (eastern); lighter in
Payne County (north central). Heaviest CORN EARWORM infestation noted in Hughes
County (0-7 per sorghum head with an average of 2-3). Averaged less than one
per head elsewhere. Eighteen per cent of corn plants in a field in Ottawa
County contain overwintering larvae of SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER. Thousands to
tens of thousands of CHINCH BUG per mature corn plant in Ottawa County (north-
west); lighter in central and eastern counties. Light infestation of CORN LEAF
APHID (up to hundreds per plant) on young sorghum in the eastern section.
(Coppock, Latham). EUROPEAN CORN BORER infesting approximately 5 percent of
corn plants in a field in Nowata County; 1-3 larvae per plant. (Arbuthnot).

Up to 3 WEBWORM larvae per sorghum head in Hughes County. (Coppock, Latham).

- 765 -

IDAHO - Scattered areas, totaling several thousand acres, of hemlock and grand
fir forests, have been heavily defoliated by BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM in the Kaniksu
National Forest. LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) found infesting
approximately 2500 acres in vicinity of St. Maries. This is first record of
appearance in western forests. (Miss. For. Ins. Lab.). Continued high popul-
tions of PEA APHID in analfalfa seed field near Marsing, Owyhee County.

(Waters). Populations in alfalfa seed fields in southeastern area vary
considerably, but generally lower than southwestern areas. (Gittins). LYGUS
BUGS, Predominantly Lygus hesperus, common on uncut alfalfa seed fields
throughout southeastern area, occasionally abundant. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID
surveys in Malad area of Oneida County indicate pest not established. (Gittins).
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE causing economic damage to 2 red clover fields north

of Nampa. No beneficial Typhlodromus mites present. Populations of CLOVER

ROOT BORER damaging in many red clover seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters).
Numerous reports of ANTS becoming nuisance in homes in Twin Falls area.
(Gibson).

FAMILY DESIGNATIONS FOR CERTAIN MOTHS

Recent actions by the International Commission or Zoological Nomenclature fix the
scientific designations of two families of moths for which there has been lack of
uniformity in the past. In keeping with Insect Identification and Parasite
Introduction Laboratories' policy of adhering to the International Rules of
Zoological Nomenclature, the names indicated below for the appropriate groups of
moths will be used.

NOCTUIDAE (Owlet and Underwing Moths) - Heretofore referred to as Phalaenidae or,
prior to 1937, as Noctuidae. The use of Phalaenidae was based on the decision of
the International Commission set forth in Opinion 124 (1936) in which it was
stated that the various sub-divisions of genera (of which Noctua was one),
published by Linnaeus in 1758, were not to be accepted as of that date as having
sub-generic status. With Noctua not available as of 1758, the technically correct
family name became Phalaenidae, based on the generic name Phalaena. Because of
lack of uniformity in the application of the family name Phalaenidae among
taxonomists in different parts of the world, the International Commission under
its plenary powers has taken the following actions as announced in Opinion 450.
(See Opinions, Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., v. 15, pt. 15, 1957):

Phalaenidae declared invalid because its type genus, Phalaena, is suppressed
under the plenary powers. Phalaenidae placed on the Official Index of Re-
jected Family-Group Names.

Noctuidae, with type genus Noctua, reinstated under the plenary powers,
declared the family name for the Owlet Moths, and placed on the Official
List of Family-Group Names.

PYRALIDAE (Pyralid Moths) - Heretofore referred to as Pyralididae. The Inter-
national Commission, under its plenary powers, has taken the following action:

Pyralidae, type genus Pyralis, is placed on the Offical List of Family-
Group Names.

Pyralididae is suppressed, and placed on the Offical Index of Rejected
Family-Group Names.

—- 766 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce
unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.

ALABAMA (Counties) sea

Lee 9/7, 10, 12 48 13 68 5 3

De Kalb 9/7, 10, 12 1 4 ll 18 9

Baldwin 9/5, 7 2 1 aL 16
COLORADO

Greeley 8/27, 29 52 39

Rocky Ford 8/24, 28 142 42 93 25
FLORIDA

Quincy 9/3 42 10
ILLINOIS

Urbana 9/5-11 14 13 42 18 37 17 4
INDIANA (Counties)

Orange 9/4-9 2 S 8 9 3

Tippecanoe 9/6-12 27 5 96 2 52 8
KANSAS

Garden City 9/9-10 2 4 10 1

Hays 8/22-28 132 60 108 144

Manhattan 9/9-10 3 1 33 70 3

Wathena 8/23-27 74 277 97 95
LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge 9/1-13 Bye 82 158 564 532

Curtis 9/1-12: 96 88 252 220 176 50
MARYLAND (County)

Wicomico 9/3-9 4 22 33 alah
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Scotts Bluff 8/26-9/1 45 3 60 1

Box Butte 8/27-9/2 197 5 160 6 35

Lincoln 8/29-9/4 161 ial 34 @ 98 6 27
NORTH CAROLINA

Duplin 9/12 1 tf nls) 7 6

Johnston 9/12 8 af 28 30 1 Bt
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 9/2-8 18 7 38 47 165 6 2

Florence 9/7-13 68 4 80 2 150 244 22 5

Oconee 9/7-13 23 13 62 2 12 28 2 2
SOUTH DAKOTA

Brookings 9/13 2
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Lauderdale 9/3-9 64 40 48 16 320 28 4

Madison 192 96 160 56 590 24 5

Lawrence 24 48 24 8 208 48 8

Maury 13 8 8 4 124 24 8

Robertson 4 40 44 20 188 31 3

Cumberland 26 46 140 1 50 122 6 Ss

Knox 60 iy 68 104 76 6 6

Greene 8 28 120 20 64 10 4

Blount ils! 8 28 60 32 6 2

Monroe 32 92 208 36 96 40 20

Johnson 48 28 260 36 40 140 16 4
TEXAS

Waco 9/7-13 49 89 61 109

———

- 767 -
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

ORIENTAL BLACK CITRUS APHID* (Aphis citricidus (Kirkaldy) )

Economic Importance: Although this aphid has been known for many years as a
destructive pest Of citrus, its economic status was elevated sharply in 1946
when Brazilian research discovered that it transmitted the devastating tristeza
disease of citrus. The disease caused loss of 7 million orange trees in the
State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, alone between 1936-46. It is responsible for
premature decline of grapefruit in South Africa and Australia and is a limiting
factor in small sour lime production in West Africa. Millions of citrus trees
have been attacked or are threatened in other countries. Aphis citricidus
reportedly accounted for the rapid spread of tristeza in Brazil and Argentina
following introduction of the disease into those countries. The insect has
been confirmed as a vector also in Africa and Australia. As an agent of
primary damage, it is most injurious to the young growth of citrus causing
arrested development. The pest was rated as one of the five most important
insects in Rhodesia in 1925 following a season of serious infestations. Severe
damage is also reported from Formosa, Mauritius, New Zealand and other areas.

Although A. citricidus has not been recorded in the United States, strains of
tristeza, or quick decline, virus occur in citrus in areas of California,
Florida and Louisiana. Spread and intensity of the disease in this country,
however, have been much less than in countries where the aphid is present.

Gin

Aphis citricidus Tristeza Disease
Infesting Citrus Twig in Orange Tree

Distribution: Most of Asia, Africa (generally south of the Sahara), Mauritius,
Samoa, Fiji, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and
Trinidad. Although A. citricidus has been reported from the Mediterranean region,
records from that area have not been verified.

* Also called brown citrus aphid, tropical citrus aphid.

Figures: Infested twig from Cottier, W. 1938. New Zealand Jour. Agr. 57(4):
332-333. Tristeza disease of orange from Wallace, J. M. 1956. FAO Plant
Protect. Bul. 4(6): 77-87. Aphid (drawn by Abernathy) from Zimmerman, E. C.
1948. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 5, 464 pp. Honolulu.

- 768 -

General Distribution of Aphis citricidus

a ol, ( Te

§ (? Be aN HEE) ~e e

Hosts: Citrus including orange, lemon, grapefruit and lime. Also reported on
cotton, azalea and Evodia hupehensis.

L f Z
20" a > 60" Ca

f
5)
z
3
&
3
&
3
3

Life History and Habits: A. citricidus is viviparous. Development to maturity
requires around 12 days. In New Zealand small colonies are found on terminals
of citrus during the winter and the summer form of reproduction continues the
year round although greatly slowed in the dormant season. Winged forms appear
intermittently in the colony and these serve to disperse the population. As
spring begins the colonies increase rapidly with the young growth. Severe host
deformation occurs in heavy infestations. The pest is most prevalent in spring
and early summer.

Description: Apterous form is black and about 2 mm, long. Base of antennae

lighter, usually brownish. Parts of legs also not as dark as body. The winged

aphid has same general coloring and is about the same length. The wings are

transparent and colorless. Taxonomic details are shown in the illustration.

(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7(38) 9-20-57

BOT R
AR i

uc

Oriental Black Citrus Aphid (Aphis citricidus)

——_—

Neral
Nay, i
ne y
sues
Testi Seance

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued —
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents —
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume seepomtly for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and pate pe sears to this peti he
should be mailed to: y a : 2 aes

"at >
‘

Plant Pest Survey Section
iia Plant Pest Control: Division 7} Wes
Agricultural Research Service “AS LTS ig
United States Department of Agriculture
- Washington 25, D. C. ~

Volume 7 September 27, 1957 Number 39

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS causing severe damage to borders of winter wheat in Texas and
Cimarron Counties, Oklahoma. Light to medium damage to alfalfa in areas of New
Mexico. (p. 771).

FALL ARMYWORM outbreaks in eastern Virginia. Severe infestations also in
Louisiana, Alabama and Delaware. (p. 771).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR damage to soybeans in Maryland unusual. (p. 775).

NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER causing turf damage in east central Ohio; severe
infestations in southwestern Nebraska. (p. 773).

CODLING MOTH damage heavy in some New Mexico orchards. (p. 775).
No CITRUS BLACKFLY found in Texas during past year. (p. 776).

CABBAGE LOOPER building up on cabbage in New Mexico; active on crucifers in
other areas. (p. 777).

PINK BOLLWORM survey shows increases in infestations in south Texas and
infested areas of Louisiana. (p. 780).

JAPANESE BEETLE larval populations in southeastern Ohio less than half as high
as fall of 1956. Survey report from other areas. (p. 781).

MIMOSA WEBWORM reported from Illinois for first time. (p. 780).

SCREW-WORM problem on livestock in some areas of North Carolina, New Mexico
and Georgia. (p. 782).

Two new infestations of KHAPRA BEETLE in Mohave and Maricopa Counties, Arizona,
and two in Kern County, California. (p. 782).

Distribution of some PLATYNOTA LEAF ROLLERS. (p. 779).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 785).

FOC OIG IC IRA I IR IK ak ak a

Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 20 unless otherwise
designated.

- 770 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 23

The Nation's weather this week was characterized by tropical storm Esther which
entered the mainland over southeastern Louisiana; a cold air mass which, moving
slowly in from the Northwest to cover most of the country by the end of the
period, pushed out the warm, moist conditions prevailing in the East; and the
frontal activity preceding this advection of cold air.

Events arising out of this latter situation were the season's first significant
snowfalls in the northern Rocky Mountain regions with Helena, Mont., observing
a record breaking 24-hour accumulation of 9 inches and a record September total
of 13.4 inches; tornadoes at Hillsboro, Wis., and Flint, Mich.; a thunderstorm
with l-inch hailstones and gusty winds of 52 m.p.h., at North Platte, Neb.;

and heavy weekend rains with totals of as much as 11 inches falling on Oklahoma
and eastern Texas resulting in local flooding. Esther was responsible for
torrential rains with falls exceeding 5 to 14 inches and winds with gust to 60
m.p.h., at some locations along the Gulf coast from southeastern Louisiana into
northwestern Florida, and also for influencing precipitation amounts as far
north as the Ohio Valley.

Weekly precipitation totals were generally moderate or heavy in the eastern half
of the Nation. The main exceptions being southern Wisconsin, northeastern Iowa,
the lower Ohio Valley, coastal New England, western Louisiana, and southeastern
Florida where amounts were light. In the West, precipitation was generally
light, but with little or none falling in the southern sections of the Southwest,
and locally moderate to occasionally heavy falls in Wyoming, Montana, and New
Mexico.

Temperatures dropped to below freezing on one or more nights at locations in the
western and central northern Border States and as far southward as New Mexico
at higher altitudes, and into Nebraska and northwestern Kansas at lower elevations.

Reports of minima reaching the lower or mid-20's came from Washington, the
Dakotas, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Weekly temperature departures averaged above
normal from the Mississippi Valley eastward and were also slightly above in
southern Texas and along the Pacific Coast, and were below normal elsewhere.
Average departures were greatest in northern New England where they were +9° or
greater and in portions of the northern Plains where they were -9° or more.

Noteworthy events occurring outside the United States this week included the
record-breaking world temperature of -102.1°F. recorded on Tuesday in Antarctica
near the South Pole and the presumable sinking of the 52-year-old, German wind-
jammer, Pamir, which was hit by hurricane Carrie on Saturday some 600 to 900
miles west of the Azores.

Reports today indicate tropical storm Frieda is centered about 550 miles east
of Jacksonville, Fla., moving north at 12 m.p.h. Highest winds are estimated
at 35 to 50 m.p.h.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 771 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Melanoplus femur-rubrum adults common in alfalfa,
southern New Castle County. Nymphs of Melanoplus spp. partially defoliating
soybeans, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Development has
been slow in several areas. Few females of Melanoplus femur-rubrum and M.
differentialis ready to lay eggs in several areas. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). COLORADO -
Very heavy damage to fall plantings of wheat in west Logan County by Melanoplus
spp. (ARS). OKLAHOMA - Populations low in rangeland, field margins and road-
Sides generally, 1-2 per square yard. Numbers in field margins in the panhandle
threatening to severe, up to 25 per square yard. Severe damage to borders of
winter wheat in Texas and Cimarron Counties. Heaviest baiting program in years
in Texas County. Females of many species gravid. Several species mating.

Fifth-instar nymphs of M. bilituratus common for second time. (Coppock,
Pennington). NEW MEXICO - On crops in Taos, Bernalillo, San Juan and Valencia

Counties; mostly light to medium with moderate damage to alfalfa, most areas.
Light to heavy on rangeland in Colfax, Harding, Union, Sandoval and Valencia
Counties. Range grasses damaged in some sections. (Durkin, September 14).
KANSAS - Damage to sorghum heads in local areas of Ellis County; a few fields
sprayed. (Harvey).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Severe in late field corn,
one area, southwestern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad). MICHIGAN - Low
populations on field corn in southeastern areas may be result of heavy

and continued. rains in early July, as egg surveys indicated normal populations
of 4-5 larvae per 100 stalks. (Hutson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Moths in Clemson light
trap, collected by D. Dunavan on May 17, July 20 and September 20, 1955,
determined by H. W. Capps as this species. New county record. (McAlister).
VIRGINIA - Heavily damaged corn in some Surry and Sussex County fields. (Morris,
Parson). ALABAMA - Surveys show light infestations in previously uninfested
counties of Jefferson, St. Clair, Calhoun and Cleburne. Of thirty fields
inspected, 18 infested. (Grimes). NEBRASKA - Infestations in late-planted corn
average 70 percent in east central counties, with 350 larvae per 100 plants.
(Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation in south central area averages 46 percent,
with 301 larvae per 100 plants. All larval stages present, mostly in third
stage. (Hantsbarger).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Severe in late field corn, central
and southern Kent County. Prevalent in mid-season field corn ears, many places

in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Outbreaks occurring in pastures,
peanuts, small grains, soybeans and milo in eastern and southeastern counties.
(Morris). ALABAMA - Severely damaging pastures and young clover in Conecuh County.
(Ruffin). Very heavy infestation in late sweet corn, with up to 100 percent
destruction, Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Generally light in sorghum heads,
scattered fields in northwestern and panhandle areas. Up to 12 percent of heads
infested in Alfalfa County. Infestation rate much lower in other counties.

Stalk and shank infestation approximately 100 percent, 8-12 larvae per plant with
heavy tunneling in one field of late irrigated corn, Beaver County. Up to 3

larvae per 10 sweeps in alfalfa, Woodward County. (Coppock, Pennington).

LOUISIANA - Populations remain heavy in several areas of East Baton Rouge, St.
Landry and Acadia Parishes. Infesting millet, corn, sorghum, crabgrass and

lawns. (Oliver).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - RHODE ISLAND - Moths in relatively large. numbers

at lights in West Kingston. (Stoner). DELAWARE - Destructive to soybeans in
many places in Sussex County, pod damage light to 75 percent locally. Infesting
ears of field corn generally. (Milliron, Conrad). TEXAS - Light infestations in
grain sorghum in Burleson County. (Randolph). OREGON - Populations of 0-5
percent in the Ontario area in late August and early September. (Capizzi, Bond).
WISCONSIN - Development has been retarded by weather conditions, but adults being
caught in blacklight traps. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). VIRGINIA - Continuing to damage
soybeans in some fields in eastern and southeastern areas (Morris). Damaging milo

- 772 -

in Sussex County (Parson) and heavy in a field in James City County (Bryant).
UTAH - Infesting 85 percent of untreated and treated corn going to two canning
factories in Utah County. (Knowlton et al.). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations in
late field corn and light damage to grain sorghum in Cleburne County. (Grimes).
MARYLAND - Continues moderate to heavy damage to soybean pods, Dorchester,
Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Generally
light, scattered fields of sorghum, northwestern and panhandle areas; heaviest
in Alfalfa County, up to 12 percent of heads with larvae. Lower rate in all
other counties. In Woodward County alfalfa, up to 3 larvae per 10 sweeps.
(Coppock, Pennington).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Corn at Columbus
Experiment Station, Cherokee County, Showed 15 percent infestation. (Matthew).

DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Active in ears of field
corn, generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

CUTWORMS - WISCONSIN - Feltia subgothica adults continue to appear in large
numbers in traps, but larval appearance indicated peak flight is past. (Wis.
Ins. Surv.). COLORADO - Cutworm mothsin light traps in relatively small numbers
in eastern counties. Agrotis orthogonia first taken August 26 in Saguache
County, low numbers in Weld County, first week of September. (Exp. Sta.).

NEW MEXICO -Chorizagrotis auxiliaris pupating in Dona Ana County. Many
lawns severely damaged, some alfalfa fields moderately damaged. Parasitism
heavy in most areas. (Durkin, September 14). UTAH - Damaging occasional lawns
in northern areas. (Knowlton et al.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Sorghum fields in northwest
and panhandle areas with light populations. Few fields with hundreds per plant.
None in heads. (Coppock, Pennington).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA - Reducing recently-
planted stands of corn by one-third, at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). VIRGINIA -
Damaging peanut plants in Toano area of James City County (Bryant) and in
Sussex County (Evans, Parson).

Summary of 1957 Summer Survey for Hessian Fly in Kansas

Figures show percent stem infestation based on examination of stubble samples
collected from the counties listed. (Matthew, E. T. Jones).

cael
Spee

- 773 -

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Severely damaging rice in
several fields, Avoyelles and St. Landry Parishes, 25-65 percent of plants
infested. Egg masses numerous, parasitism heavy, about 60 percent. Infesting
about 15 percent of grain sorghum plants in 2 fields, Acadia Parish. Infested
100 percent of corn examined in 2 fields in Acadia Parish, reducing yield
markedly. (Oliver).

SPIDER MITES - NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus telarius and T. desertorum building up
spotty infestations in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. Some spots heavy.
(Durkin, September 14). UTAH - T. telarius damaged Sweet and field corn in
scattered fields in northern areas. (Knowlton et al.).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorgiella) - TEXAS - Counts of 5-50 per head in young
grain sorghum in Burleson County. (Randolph). ALABAMA - Light damage to
grain sorghum in Cleburne County. (Grimes) .

WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) - KANSAS - Examination of wheat-stubble
samples showed infestations in Johnson and Miami Counties. (E. T. Jones).

NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - NEBRASKA - Corn damage light
to moderate in northeast areas. Counts of 20-50 adults per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa. (Roselle).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - All stages on newly-emerged, fall-
planted wheat and volunteer plants in Salt Lake and Cedar Valleys. Adults
Ovipositing. Abundance, 0-30 per linear foot of drilled row, most fields
averaging 1-2. (Cox).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - LOUISIANA - Five per plant in one field of
millet, East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

GRAIN SORGHUM INSECTS - LOUISIANA - Heliothis zea, Celama sorghiella and
Sitophilus oryza infesting grain sorghum in Morehouse, Franklin and Tensas
Parishes. Nearly .100 percent of plants of closed-head variety infested.
(Oliver).

CRANBERRY GIRDLER (Crambus topiarus) - WASHINGTON - Heavy to severe larval damage
to roots of various grasses at crown level, especially Merion bluegrass, non-
irrigated fields near Dishman, Spokane County. (Harwood).

NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - OHIO - Larvae causing some turf
damage throughout east central parts of State. (Polivka). NEBRASKA - Lawn
damage light to moderate in eastern areas. Some severe infestations in
southwestern localities. (Roselle).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Infesting a Bermuda grass
lawn at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A GELECHID (Chionodes psiloptera) - WASHINGTON - Larval damage moderate to heavy,
feeding on roots and boring into base of stem, older stands of Merion bluegrass
and first-year plantings of creeping red fescue in higher elevations, non-
irrigated fields near Dishman, Spokane County. (Harwood).

GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) - WASHINGTON — Various grasses, especially
Merion bluegrass, moderately damaged by larvae in irrigated fields and those at
lower elevations, near Dishman, Spokane County. (Harwood).

THRIPS - ARIZONA -Numbering 2-4 per head in most of Bermuda grass seed crop in
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A SOD WEBWORM — NEBRASKA —- Damaging infestations general in Lincoln and Omaha
areas. (Roselle). LOUISIANA - Infesting lawns in New Orleans area. (Oliver).

- 774 -

WHITEFLIES - ARIZONA - Numerous and damaging in late-planted fields of Bermuda
grass for seed crop; 200-300 per sweep, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - Found for first time at Barnesville,
Lamar County, GEORGIA. In other infested states, extensions and other new
infestations found during August totaled approximately 17,000 acres. (PPC,

So. Reg., Aug. Rept.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Ranged 3-40 per
sweep in alfalfa in Burleson County. (Randolph).

BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) -— NEBRASKA - Light infestations on
legumes in northeast counties. (Roselle)

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - ARIZONA - Averaging 2-30 per 100 sweeps in
many alfalfa fields on Yuma Mesa. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WEST VIRGINIA - Scarce in infested alfalfa.
CW: Va. Ins. Surv=):.

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adults prevalent in

alfalfa bloom at Yuma. Ariz. Coop. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 5 larvae per
10 sweeps in alfalfa fields of east central region. (Hantsbarger).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Average 1 larva per 10
sweeps on alfalfa in east central region. (Hantsbarger).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Principal leaf feeder on
soybeans throughout southern areas. (Milliron, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - From 8-12
per 10 sweeps, one alfalfa field, Texas County. Lighter elsewhere. (Coppock,
Pennington).

PLANT BUGS —- DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus and Lygus lineolaris nymphs and
adults prevalent in alfalfa in Kent and Sussex Counties. Adults of A. rapidus on
soybeans in central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Adelphocoris
lineolaris populations on legumes increased slightly in northeast areas and
Republican Valley. Counts average 50-80 per 100 sweeps in northeast to 80

per 100 sweeps in southwest. (Roselle). OKLAHOMA —- Lygus lineolaris common on

alfalfa in northwest, 4-8 in Kay County, lighter elsewhere. (Coppock, Pennington).

UTAH - Lygus bugs moderately numerous in some alfalfa fields. (Knowlton et al.).
ARIZONA - Numbers of Lygus spp. declining on alfalfa at Yuma for first time in
several weeks. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Tying up terminals and stopping
growth in some fields of alfalfa on Yuma Mesa. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Adults common in
alfalfa in central areas. (Milliron, Conrad).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Much more abundant
than usual on soybeans in Charleston area. (Reid, Cuthbert).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa locally, Kent and
Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). MARYLAND - Averaged 5 per sweep on alfalfa
at Spencerville. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEBRASKA - Slight population increases
on legumes in northeast and south central counties, with 200-400 per 100 sweeps
in northeast to 70 per 100 sweeps in southwest. (Roselle). UTAH - Local damage
to alfalfa in Kane, Iron and Beaver Counties. Building up in Emery, Kane and
Millard Counties and in scattered localities throughout State. (Knowlton et al.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Counts on legumes in northeast
decreasing, 20-50 per 100 sweeps. Republican Valley populations static.
(Roselle). ;

——— nn eee

- 775 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Tripp County a new
record, with populations averaging I per 10 sweeps. Noticeable population increase
in Gregory County, with 500 per 10 sweeps in one alfalfa field. (Hantsbarger).
NEBRASKA - Populations on legumes in northeast continue to decrease, 0-100 per
100 sweeps. Populations in southwest on increase, up to 850 per 100 sweeps.
(Roselle). KANSAS - Populations remain at non-economic levels throughout the
State. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Light to non-existent in alfalfa, northwestern
and panhandle counties, up to 20 per 10 sweeps. Up to 40 per 10 sweeps, Kay
County. Lady beetle populations fairly static, 0-10 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock,
Pennington). TEXAS - Populations remain low in alfalfa in Burleson County.
(Randolph). UTAH - Damaging fourth-crop alfalfa in some fields, Washington
County. Local damage in Kane, Iron and Beaver Counties. Twenty acres killed

in Minersville area, Beaver County. (Knowlton et al.). Occasional alfalfa
field severely damaged, Millard County. (Davis). NEVADA - Extremely heavy
infestations in Fallon area, Churchill County, with many growers treating fields.
(Lauderdale). Found in new areas in Elko, Humbolt and Eureka Counties. All
infestations very light. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, September 13). ARIZONA -
Populations on alfalfa at lowest ebb for the summer in Yuma area. Beginning to
appear in few fields in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). :

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Populations very heavy on barn-
yardgrass , St. Landry and Acadia Parishes. Up to 250 per 100 sweeps in
several areas. (Oliver).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy
infestations on soybeans and velvetbeans in Grady County. (Galbreath, September
3). MARYLAND - Infesting soybeans in Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties.
About 10 percent leaf damage on one field. Both larvae and adults present.
Damage very unusual in Maryland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - Surveys continued in all Southern
Region areas except Texas. Camden County, NORTH CAROLINA, was only new county
reported infested during August. New infestations were found in the following
previously known-infested counties: ARKANSAS - Mississippi County, 7 properties
totaling 335 acres; TENNESSEE - Dyer County, 5 properties with 135 acres, Lake
County, 37 properties with 1,985 acres, Lauderdale County, 5 properties with

206 acres, Obion County, 1 property of 10 acres. (PPC, So. Reg. Aug. Rept.).

Six additional fields found infested in Pemiscot County, MISSOURI - Known infesta-
tions to end of August in MISSOURI: Pemiscot County 54, Stoddard County 1,

New Madrid County 1. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae seriously infested
neglected home plantings at Kingston and Warwick. (Stoner). WISCONSIN - Adult
and second and third-instar larvae light to moderate in Door County orchards.
(Wis. Ins. Surv., Sept. 6) PENNSYLVANIA - Light to heavy infestations all
unsprayed apple orchards in northeast. Difficult to find in sprayed orchards
same area. (Gesell).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WISCONSIN - Second brood light in Door
County apple orchards. (Wis. Ins. Surv., Sept. 6). NEW MEXICO - Damage running
high as 50 percent in apples being graded from some orchards in Santa Fe and
Rio Arriba Counties. Average of 25-30 percent "wormy" apples common many
orchards. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - Second-brood
populations have been heavy in Door County orchards. (Wis. Ins. Surv., Sept. 6).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - VIRGINIA - Damage becoming
problem in apple orchards in Rappahannock County. Infestations increasing
annually. (Rollins).

- 776 -

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - MICHIGAN - Injury to pears, in tops of
trees, noticeable in areas around South Haven, Benton Harbor and Stevensville.
(Hutson). NEW MEXICO - Building up to heavy infestations in orchards in Santa
Fe and Rio Arriba Counties. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Buildup in many pear orchards in Jackson
County during harvest period. (Larson, Goeden).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MICHIGAN - Spotted in commercial
peach orchards in Benton Harbor, Stevensville, Coloma and Hartford areas.
(Hutson).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on grapes
in Coffee County. Some vineyards as high as 75 percent of fruit ruined.
(Davenport, Sept. 13).

ORCHARD MITES - MICHIGAN - Populations decreasing generally. Few problems in
orchards in Grand Rapids and Fennville areas, with damaging numbers of
Tetranychus telarius still present. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Overwintering eggs
and adults of Panonychus ulmi present in Door County orchards. (Wis. Ins.

Surv., Sept. 6). NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus mcdanieli building up many orchards
during harvest in Lincoln, Rio Arriba, Santa Fe, Bernalillo, Valencia and
Sandoval Counties. (Durkin, Sept. 14). OREGON - Buildup of Tetranychus telarius,
Eriophyes pyri and Eotetranychus carpini borealis in many pear orchards in

Jackson County during harvest period. (Larson, Goeden). UTAH — Remain active
in northern area where early season control not applied. Foliage damage severe.
P. ulmi damaging some orchards at Orem. (Davis). E. pyri severe on pears one

orchard in Salt Lake City. (Knowlton).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Populations heavy on pecan trees
throughout State. (Oliver). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy infestations on pecan
trees in Grady and Thomas Counties. (Gallbreath, Sept. 3).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - NEBRASKA - Severe infestations defoliated
many walnut trees in eastern and central areas. (Roselle).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Collected in Merced County
at Le Grand. Extension of range into new area. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - In August, 5 adults (4 male and |
1 female, not gravid) were trapped on 4 properties in Tijuana, Baja California. .
This is quite a reduction compared with 91 adults trapped in July. In operation

during month were 791 traps on 417 properties. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). CALIFORNIA - ;
No flies trapped during August. (PPC, West. Reg.). .

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Almost 14,000 trees on 69
properties inspected during August with negative results. Twelve months passed {
without finding infestation in Texas. (PPC, So. Reg.). MEXICO —- Total of
70,235 trees inspected on 2,255 properties, of which 466 trees on 37 properties
found infested in States of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon during part of July and
August. Spray operation in full progress in all infested zones. (PPC, Mex.
Reg., Aug. Rept.).

HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) -— CALIFORNIA - Inspections conducted in Rath area
northwest of Chico during August; all negative. Some 262 volunteer host
seedlings were removed during period. (PPC, West. Reg.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Abundant on new growth of citrus
several areas at Yuma. AS many as 25 reported on young terminals. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept.).

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - During August, 12,705 samples
were collected of which 741 were positive. (PPC, So. Reg.).

- 117 -

Citrus Insect and Mite Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida - Small increase in activity
of PURPLE SCALE with the general trend upward until November. Activity of FLORIDA
RED SCALE and CITRUS RED MITE increased with some further increase expected.

CITRUS RUST MITE started to increase on leaves and fruit with increasing trend
continuing until peak is reached, at high level, about end of October. GRASSHOPPERS
may be pest of some young groves this fall, especially after cover crop cut.

(Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, Sept. 16).

STINK BUG - WASHINGTON - Reported on grapes (CEIR 7(34): 686, August 23) identified
as Euschistus conspersus. (Wash. Coop. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Infestation in pepper fruits
increased various fields in southern area. Losses 15 or more percent some

places. Fruit droppage and rot conspicuous some plantings. (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Heavy in peppers in Snow Hill area. Over 75 percent of peppers one
field infested. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Damaging sweetpotatoes in
Cullman County. (Thompson).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce sp.) — DELAWARE - Moderately severe defoliation some tomato
fields in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad). NEW MEXICO -
Damaging tomatoes and chile in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MICHIGAN - Several potato fields in
Stanton show tuber damage where inadequate treatments applied. (Hutson).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MICHIGAN - Has been more
abundant than usual over lower two-thirds of lower peninsula. Aster yellows
infection found on tomatoes, onions, lettuce, celery and carrots. (Hutson).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) —- PENNSYLVANIA - Light and spotty damage
in numerous tomato fields in Columbia County. No control applied as dry weather
ruined crop. (Gesell).

VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) - DELAWARE - Continue prevalent in tomato fields
generally and in pepper plantings infested with European corn borer some places.
(Milliron, Conrad).

CABBAGWORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate to heavy general infestation of Trichoplusia
ni on untreated cole crops in Charleston area. Considerable injury to commercial
planting of tomatoes. (Cuthbert). DELAWARE - Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae

injurious to cabbage and T. ni active on other crops some places. Milliron,
Conrad). NEW MEXICO - T. ni building up on lettuce in Dona Ana, Eddy, Valencia,
Bernallilo and Lea Counties. Poor control some fields. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

MARYLAND - Light to moderate on mature spinach at Galena, probably T. ni. P., rapae
heavy on cabbage and other crucifers in Allegany and Garrett Counties. (U. Md. ,
Ent. Dept.).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderately abundant on
cabbage in Charleston area. (Reid, Cuthbert).

FLEA BEETLES - LOUISIANA - Heavy infestations on mustard and turnip foliage in
St. John the Baptist Parish with up to 200 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

TURNIP APHIDS - VIRGINIA — Heavy infestations on greens in eastern area.
(Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 12).

WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - IDAHO - Infestations on beans failed
to materialize during past Summer in southern area. (Gibson).

- 778 -

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderately abundant on fall
cabbage and tomatoes in Charleston area. (Cuthbert). DELAWARE - Larval damage
continues on beans in southern area. Control required most cases. Light to
moderate injury to tomatoes several places in southern area, (Milliron, Conrad).
MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on snap beans at Sparrows Point and lima beans in
Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous on
snap beans, northeastern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Light numbers on snap
beans in eastern area. Beginning to Oviposit. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster,
Sept. 12). SOUTH CAROLINA - More abundant than usual on soybeans in Charleston
area and moving to fall snap beans, some receiving considerable injury. (Reid,
Cuthbert). DELAWARE - Adults common on snap beans, northeastern Sussex County.
(Milliron, Conrad).

LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza spp.)- VIRGINIA - Severe injury to first true leaves on
beans some plantings in Norfolk area and injurious on Eastern Shore. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 12). DELAWARE - Causing. conspicuous foliage injury
to pumpkin-squash in southern New Castle and southwestern Kent Counties.
(Milliron, Conrad). ALABAMA - Serious damage to squash foliage in Lee County.
(Guyton).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - SOUTHERN REGION - During
August, 5,425 inspections in 67 counties and parishes with 87 new infestations
found, but no new areas were involved. (PPG SO. ReEee) i

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca spp.) -— LOUISIANA - Counts 50-250 per 100 sweeps in sweet-—
potatoes in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

GARDEN SYMPHYLID (Scutigerella immaculata) - OREGON - General infestation causing
economic damage to 650 acres of asparagus near Independence. (Morrison).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Acreage of Russian-thistle very

much smaller than same time in 1956. Leafhopper populations vary greatly
according to area and range from sparse to quite heavy. (Gibson).

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - LOUISIANA - Infesting squash,
about one per plant, in St. John the Baptist Parish. (Oliver).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Serious damage to unadequately
protected fall cucurbits, especially squash and cantaloups, in Charleston area.
(Reid, Cuthbert).

STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) - OREGON - Causing serious damage
to 4 acre planting near Salem. (Stephenson). :

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) — NORTH CAROLINA - Number 1-5 larvae under
40-50 percent of grass clumps in 2 fields of strawberries over 2 acres each in
Faison area. (Reid, Farrier).

POTATO ROT NEMATODE (Ditylenchus destructor) - WISCONSIN - Identifications made
from 2 fields where not previously found. One field on farm where nematode has
not been recovered before. These are only 2 new infestations found this year and
are in Langdale County where other infestations occurred prior to 1957. :
(Wis. Ins. Surv.).

COTTON INSECTS

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Increasing in Salt River
Valley but not yet at economic Tevel. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

Re! = AN SduOOTU JO NOILYOOT TVYENAD - SUaLLaT

, AS6I ‘Of LSA\AY OL sauoogy Suv Wour ‘suy
Odd “NOLLOGS ATAUNS Lsaa LNVId AG GaTIANOO

ounyjns —g§
OuDsjJSO4 —Yy
outas9I04161U —N
syosneop! — |
DuDpeADjY —4

SY3T10Y¥ JV31 VLONALY7d SWOS JO NOILNEIYLSIC aN

- 780 -

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Inspections have shown sub-
stantial infestation increases in south Texas counties. LOUISIANA - Increase
in this State also. Vermilion, St. Martin and Iberia Parishes found infested
to end of August. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug.). MEXICO - In the eastern area:
Infestations building up in late-fruiting fields and in top bolls of maturing
field in Torreon district; generally low, 1.2 percent infestation, in green
bolls in Delicias, Chihuahua subdistrict; building up in Juarez, Chihuahua
subdistrict, 7.2 percent of green bolls infested. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Aug.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - CALIFORNIA — One to six per 100 terminals in
Fresno County. Some late plantings still susceptible to damage. (Cal = Coittr.
Lett.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy in scattered fields in Crosby, Floyd, Hale and
Lubbock Counties. (Owen). ARIZONA - Increasing in Pinal County, 4062 acres
treated. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Still generally heavy in Dona Ana,
Eddy, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. Light to medium in Chaves County with

buildups in Lea, Roosevelt and Curry Counties. Control erratic some areas

due to improper application and rains. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

CABBAGE LOOPERS — TEXAS - Heavy in cotton in south plains area. (Owen).
ARIZONA - Populations still high in many fields throughout cotton areas.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Common in Fresno area, control necessary in many instances.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Heavy in Hale and Howard Counties. (Owen).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Increasing in

several cotton fields in Yuma area. Beneficial insects have apparently been
effective in this area. Considerable damage to 3175 acres in Pinal County.

(Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - TEXAS - Heavy on cotton in Floyd, Hockley,
Swisher and Howard Counties. Heavy leaf damage in some fields in Crosby and
Lubbock Counties. (Owen). ARIZONA - Very noticeable in 15 acres of cotton in
Graham County, 50-140 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO -
Generally heavy in all cotton growing areas. Many untreated fields severely
damaged. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Causing heavy defoliation
of larch in southern area. (Drooz) .

PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) - OREGON - Common on pine and fir forests of
Cascade Mountains from August 28 through September 15. No host damage reported.
(Capizzi, Goeden).

SPIDER MITES - NEVADA —- Causing heavy damage to evergreen trees in Reno-Sparks
area, Washoe County. (Ting, Sept. 13).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - MARYLAND - Heavy in Virginia
pines at Silver Spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) -— MICHIGAN - Trapping of 11 central counties
continued with no moths found in more than 4,900 traps used during August.
First time no male moths recovered during trapping program since first found
in 1954. (PPC, Cent. Reg.).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ILLINOIS - Specimens identified from
Metropolis, Massac County. First record in State. (111. Ins. Surv., Sept. 6).

A LEAF MINER (Phyllocnistis populiella) - UTAH - Severely infested aspen foliage
during late June and early July in Logan Canyon and many other mountain areas in
State. Det. H. W. Capps. (Knowlton).

- 781 -

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA - All stages
present in most dead or declining elms in Omaha. (Roselle).

ELM BORER (Saperda tridentata) - NEBRASKA - Dead and dying elms and branches
heavily infested in eastern area. (Roselle).

AN OAKWORM (Symmerista spp.) - MICHIGAN - Defoliated noticeable acreage of oak
in Stanton, Baldwin and Six Lakes areas. (Hutson).

ELM CASEBEARER (Coleophora limosipennella) - DELAWARE - Common on ornamental
English elm one Tocation southern Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

APHIDS - RHODE ISLAND - Populations high generally with Myzocallis ulmifolii
heavy on elm at Warwick, Periphyllus lyropictus on Norway maple at Warwick and
Macrosiphum rosae heavy on rose at Kingston and West Kingston. (Monell, Kess,
Stoner).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - Trapped for first time in recent years in
Augusta, GEORGIA, during August and during same period 23 initial infestations
found in Ashe, Avery and Caldwell Counties, NORTH CAROLINA; 4 in Greenville
County, SOUTH CAROLINA; and 3 in Johnson County, TENNESSEE. Recurrences
reported in Coke and Jefferson Counties, TENNESSEE. (PPC, So. Reg.., Aug. Rept.).
Onebeetle trapped at Milwaukee, WISCONSIN, bringing total of season to 3. Six
additional beetles trapped at Fort Madison, IOWA, bring total in State to 55.
Apparently infestation at Fort Madison covers at least 2 square miles. In
INDIANA, one new infestation found in Remington, Jasper County, and 4 new
locations found near former boundaries of old infestations at East St. Louis

and Chicago, ILLINOIS. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rept.). OHIO - Larval populations
in southeastern areas less than 50 percent of 1956 fall populations. (Polivka).

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - VIRGINIA - Considerable foliage
damage to oaks on lawn in Mineral, August 17. Det. R. E. Warner, (Rowell,
Andrews) .

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing serious damage to camellias
in Dorchester County. (Nettles).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Very high incidence
reported in asters, petunias, marigolds, annual phlox and other plants in

Denver. This coincides with extremely high populations trapped throughout eastern
area during season. (Exp. Sta.).

SCALES - FLORIDA - Moderately infesting ornamentals generally over State. (Denmark).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation of Chionaspis salisis-nigrae on weeping willow

in Davidson County. (Lofgren). MARYLAND = Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy locally on
weeping willow in Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LYGUS BUGS - NORTH DAKOTA - Injury to rose buds observed several plantings eastern
area. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - MARYLAND - Stripping bark from lilac at
College Park. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - OREGON - Heavy infestation on 6,000
azalea plants in nursery near Salem. Now in last larval or pupal stage.
(Goeden, Bock, Sept. 19).

AN AMBROSIA BEETLE (Corthylus sp.) - COLORADO - Killing birch-leaf mahogany in
foothills area west of Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).

- 782 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - VIRGINIA - Very heavy and annoying to poultry, animals and humans on
Eastern Shore. (Raffensperger). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans very severe
along coastal areas of Pamlico and Carteret Counties and Hollyridge area of
Pender and Onslow Counties. Some decrease noted in Brunswick, New Hanover and
Dare Counties. Aedes taeniorynchus increasing in coastal areas. (Ashton).
CALIFORNIA -— Moderate increase ceased. Populations of Culex tarsalis and other
species reverted to reduced numbers of previous weeks. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

UTAH - Continue troublesome numerous farm areas. (Knowlton).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA -— Counts on untreated cattle herd in
Montgomery County averaged 615 per animal on August 27, 365 on September 3

and 250 on September 10. (Hargett). LOUISIANA - Populations averaged 70 per
head on 250 cattle in Livingston and Ascension Parishes. (Oliver). NEW MEXICO -
Infestations very heavy on range cattle throughout State. Counts several

hundred per head some areas. (Durkin, Sept. 14).

HOUSE FLIES - NORTH DAKOTA - Numerous and annoying in Fargo vicinity. (N. D.
Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Populations of Musca domestica increased. (Roselle).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Outbreak in Montgomery
County on all livestock and especially young calves. (Garris). NEW MEXICO -
Problem on range cattle in San Miguel County. (Durkin, Sept. 14). GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations on cattle in Lincoln County. (McGee, Sept. 16).

TABANIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Black horse flies numerous in Georgetown County on
livestock. (DuRant). LOUISIANA — Tabanus atratus, T. americanus and T. spp.
very heavy on cattle in Livingston and Ascension Parishes, with counts
averaging 25-105 per 15 minute period in herds of 10 to 25 cattle. (Oliver).

FLEAS - GEORGIA -— More abundant than usual. Infestations in homes, yards and
animals. (Snapp, Sept. 16).

PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Boy stung on leg,
causing so much pain and swelling that hospitalization required. (Goodgame).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - Inspections made in Grady, Seminole and
Worth Counties, GEORGIA; 11 properties in Baldwin, Madison and Wilcox Counties,
ALABAMA; 10 establishments in Memphis, TENNESSEE, and a grain elevator in
Galveston, TEXAS. All inspections negative. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rept.).
During August, 4 new infestations totaling approximately 1,106,000 cubic feet
were found in ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA. Two in ARIZONA totaled about 706,000
cubic feet and two in CALIFORNIA approximately 400,000 cubic feet. Inspections
in NEW MEXICO were negative. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rept.). Plans have been
completed for the treatment of all known infestations in both California and
Arizona,

A DERMESTID (Trogoderma parabile) - NEVADA - Medium infestation in stored products
in local market, Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Sept. 13).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - COLORADO - Heavy infestation in stored
shelled corn in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS

VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) - CALIFORNIA - Controlling maine Trp ae scale in
Riverside County, Coachella Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

- 783 -

PREDATORS - CALIFORNIA - Big-eyed bugs, pirate bugs, damsel bugs and assassin

bugs not numerous but lacewings plentiful in Fresno County cotton fields. (Cotton
Letter). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of lacewings, 4-6 per 10 sweeps, in Kay

County. (Coppock, Pennington). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lady beetles, Hippodamia spp.,
prevalent in alfalfa fields in eastern region; counts up to 4 per 10 sweeps.
(Hantsbarger). UTAH - Lacewings numerous in several alfalfa areas seriously
infested with pea aphid. (Knowlton).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Yield of honey from colonies at East
Greenwich low. Stores should be sufficient to overwinter if season not too
severe. (Hannah, Stoner).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Current information indicates
the States in order of acres infested are: Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Texas, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. In Union County, Arkansas, 11,153
infested acres have been treated. There are no known infestations in North
Carolina, Oklahoma or Tennessee. Of approximately 185 counties infested in the
Southern Region, some 75 counties have infestations of less than 1,000 acres

and 60 counties have in excess of 100,000 acres. (PPC, So. Reg. August Rept.).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - WISCONSIN - Infestations
observed in Sheboygan County. (Wis. Ins. Rept., Sept. 6).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - MARYLAND - Annoying householders in Annapolis,
Towson and Chestertown. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MILLIPEDES AND SOWBUGS - NEBRASKA - Large numbers invading homes in eastern
area. (Roselle).

- 784 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.
ALABAMA (Counties
De Kalb 9/%¥4, 17, 19 2 4 21 ff 3
Lee 9/14, 17, 19 Gl 10 58 76 3 6 4
ARKANSAS
Stuttgart 9/5-13 1 18 7
Fayetteville 9/6-12 5 5 9 KS
FLORIDA
Gainesville 9/18 5
Quincy 9/16 2 i
GEORGIA (County)
TiEtt 9/9) ask e ls 43 2 67 386 Bi 26 1
ILLINOIS
Urbana 9/12-18 34 6 52 3 Sileel7s 4
INDIANA (County)
Orange 9/10-17 24 7 16 7 9 ut
KANSAS
Manhattan 9/16-18 12 61
Hays 9/7-16 5 1 54
LOUISIANA
Franklin 9/14-18 250 60
Baton Rouge 9/14-20 16 30 74 154 76 30
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Perkins 9/8, 10 2 2 1
Lincoln 9/5-11 22 5 14 6 15 2
Box Butte 9/3-9 25 il 23 15 al
Scotts Bluff 10 17 1 ail
NORTH CAROLINA (County)
Johnston 9/19 16 iL 3 4
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 9/9-15 4 34 28 36 2 6
Florence 9/14-20 490 5 142 1 170 422 6 8 1
Oconee 9/14-20 97 124 il 20 45 2 1 1
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 9/20 2
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Lauderdale 9/10-16 8 6 2 6 LS il 34 2
Madison 28 4 20 8 80 4 25 2
Lawrence 37 16 12 8 64 4 12
Maury 14 12 tf 12 18 40 2 13
Robertson 22 8 iy 8 20 108 10 34
Cumberland 10 6 38 18 18 4 2 4
Knox 84 8 108 16 116 104 8 4 9
Greene 26 16 66 2 16 ie, 4 20 10
Blount 12 20 4 12 4 8 8
Johnson 84 20 130 42 42 100 6 2
TEXAS
Waco 9/14-20 204 124 104 1046 {6

Additional collections: SOUTH CAROLINA, Florence (9/14-20), Alabama argillacea —
18,106; Anticarsia gemmatilis - 4,462.

- 785 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

PINE LAPPET (Dendrolimus pini L.)

Economic Importance: Outbreaks of this moth occur periodically in Europe causing
severe defoliation to pine, its primary host. Serious buildups take place about
every six years in Poland. The outbreak of 1938 on Lussin Island in the northern
Adriatic caused complete defoliation of 60,000 trees. Damage was also severe at
this time in Elbe Valley in Bohemia, Germany. Many thousand acres were treated
in Germany in 1948, 1949 and 1950 for control of this pest. In heavy infestations
complete destruction of foliage may occur within a period of a few days.
Successive defoliations or defoliations followed by drought often cause death of
the trees.

Defoliation of Pine Cocoons on Host

Distribution: Spain, France, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Norway, Finland,
Italy, Sweden, Poland, U.S.S.R., Switzerland, Bulgaria, Greece, Czechoslovakia,
China, Korea, Japan and Morocco.

160" 180" "40" 120" 100" _60"__ 60"
TaLenom

160"
EV UU TAA

General Distribution of Dendrolimus pini

Lasiocampidae, Lepidoptera)

- 786 -

Hosts: Pine, Atlas cedar and larch, with pine being the most important host.

Life History and Habits: Moth flights occur from late May to August with the mass
flights in the middle of July. There is normally only one generation a year but
some larvae may overwinter twice. Females deposit from 200 to 300 eggs in

batches of 20 to 150 on pine needles, thin twigs and in other locations, especially
when moths are abundant. Larvae hatch in 1 to 5 weeks, depending on area, and
begin feeding on the needles. There are usually 5 instars in Italy and the

larval period lasts from 50 - 70 days. Observations near Potsdam, Germany,
indicate the larvae feed regularly, night or day, within temperature range of

42 to 75° F. The larvae may crawl for comparatively long distances. In Bohemia
they hibernate in the ground under moss and are not affected by temperatures as
low as -22° F. On Lussin Island they overwinter on the trees. The larvae emerge
from hibernation over a period of about two weeks in the early spring and

pupation occurs in early summer. The pupal stage lasts from 20 to 30 days,
generally.

Description: Adult female expanse is 70 to 80 mm. with male 50 to 60 mm. Color-
ing is greatly variable. Forewing is mostly reddish-gray with a gray, yellow or
red-brown sinuous crossband and a crescent-shaped white spot. Hindwing is reddish-
gray to red-brown. Male generally darker than female and has pectinate antennae.
The elliptical eggs are blue-green at first, later turning gray-brown. Ground
color of larva is varied: black-brown, brown, yellow, gray or white with heavy
pubescence. Two velvety steel-blue vertical stripes are on middle of second- and
third-thoracic segments and a light saddle spot on fourth and fifth abdominal
segments are typical of the species. Black, white and brown markings are drawn
along the body. Larvae overwintering the first time average 26 to 30 mm. in
length while those passing through a second winter measure 50 to 80 mm. Pupation
takes place in spindle-shaped, dirty gray-white to yellowish-brown cocoons.
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7 (39) 9-27-57

Female Male

Larva Eggs
Figures, except map, from Melis, A. 1940. Redia 26:73-175, 23 plates.

ie

ae

ie

i

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is jasmedy
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents —
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, ;
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

“a be r 4
Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release

should be mailed to: } aR oe Ta

Plant Pest Survey Section
7) ; ___ Plant Pest Control Division he % a)
2 ate pels Ag! "Agricultural Research ‘Service Ze : i +< il
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C. =

Volume 7 October 4, 1957 Number 40

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

FALL ARMYWORM damaging small grains in some Kansas and Georgia areas. Severe on
late corn in southern Ohio, Missouri and Alabama. (p. 789).

CORN EARWORM continues active in soybeans in Virginia, Maryland and Delaware.
Severe in late sweet corn in Ohio. Damaginggrain sorghum in several areas.

(p. 790).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found in new areas of Indiana, California, South Dakota.
Populations increasing in southwest Nebraska but, in general, infestations light
in most areas. (pp. 791, 797).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG outlook in Illinois. (p. 792).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR reported from Delaware for first time. This pest is
causing unusually heavy damage from Georgia to Delaware. (p. 791).

APHIDS heavy on fall tomatoes in Alabama and very numerous on potatoes in southern
Utah during late season. (p. 794).

SCREW-WORM infestation severe in Beaufort County, North Carolina and in several
South Carolina counties. (p. 796).

CADELLE infestation in stored wheat in Nebraska more general than in past two
years. (p. 796).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT reported in Hillsborough County, Florida. New area for State.
(p. 797).

INSECTSnot known to occur in the United States. (pp. 799, 800).

Statement on SOIL BANK PROGRAM. (p. 801). Your attention is directed to the
program from standpoint of its possible effect on insect populations. Emphasis
should be placed on observations of these lands to determine changes in the insect
fauna.

CORRECTIONS (p. 797). ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 797).

FI I RI RIO IO IRI IRR A AK EI AK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 27 unless otherwise
designated.

- 788 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

OCTOBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for October calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals over the western half of the nation and also in the
western Great Lakes region and upper Mississippi Valley. Below normal tempera-
tures are expected to prevail in the Middle and South Atlantic States and along
the Gulf Coast. In other areas about normal October temperatures are predicted.
Precipitation is expected to be subnormal over much of the country lying between
the Mississippi and the Rockies, but above normal amounts are indicated east of
the Appalachians and along central and southern portions of the West Coast. In
unspecified areas, about normal precipitation is anticipated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook,"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a
half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 30

Fair, sunny weather in most of the country was very favorable for harvesting,
seeding, and other agricultural activities. Temperatures were unusually cool in
the East, averaging 10° below normal in several sections; but they were unseason-
ably warm in the Far West, particularly in the upper Rocky Mountain region where
weekly averages were as much as 10° above normal. Heavy rainfall was limited to
northern California and the Gulf and South Atlantic States. As a cold air mass
overspread the entire area east of the Rockies the latter part of the week,
freezing occurred over northern areas and temperatures in the South dropped to
their lowest levels of the month. Freeze damage generally was minor since most
crops were mature. Damage was mostly to corn in extreme north-central areas

and cranberries in the East. Temperatures fell below 20°-in the northeastern
cranberry bogs and some heavy losses were reported from Rhode Island and New
Jersey, due to insufficient water for protective flooding as a result of the
recent drought. Some small losses occurred in Massachusetts for the same reason
Rochester, N. ¥., reported 31.1° on the 27th, the lowest temperature there for
so early in the autumn.

Heavy rains began in southeastern Texas on the 25th and spread slowly eastward
and northeastward reaching Virginia and the southern Appalachian region by the
end of the period. Totals ranged from 2 to over 4 inches in most of the Gulf
coastal area, except that amounts ranged from 1 to 1-1/2 inches in Florida.
Wilmington, N. C., reported over 9 inches for the greatest amount. These rains
delayed harvesting and caused some crop losses.

Rains were unusually heavy in northern California the last few days of the period.
Several stations reported the heaviest early-season rains on record. San
Francisco measured 1.15 inches on the 28th, the greatest one-day fall there for
September since 1918, and 4.85 inches at Mt. Shasta and 4.17 inches at Crescent
City on the same date were the greatest daily September amounts on record for
those places.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 789 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - KANSAS - Damaging wheat field margins in north central counties.
Greatest plant loss adjacent to idle ground containing large sunflowers and other
weeds. (Gates). Melanoplus differentialis dominant species. (Matthew).
NEBRASKA - In legume fields infestations concentrated in margins for egg deposi-
tion, numbers rapidly declining most areas. Counts average 2-10 per square yard
in southeastern counties. Melanoplus differentialis and M. bivittatus females
gravid. Marginal damage to winter wheat in southeast and south central counties.
(Roselle). OKLAHOMA - Numbers in rangeland and roadsides remain low in south-
western and southern areas. Populations exceeding 3 adults per square yard
uncommon. No migration into field margins in southern areas as in the panhandle.
(Coppock, Vick).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS * Fall abundance survey begun.
Indications in Kansas River Valley that infestations higher than last year,
ranging 16-100 percent with 1-4 larvae per stalk. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - Light
infestations causing minor damage in grain sorghum in southeastern areas. Some
hybrids appear more susceptible than others. (Roselle). NORTH DAKOTA - Fall
survey in 6 southeastern counties shows a 20 percent increase in number of
infested plants and a 50 percent increase in number of borers per 100 plants,
compared with 1956 survey. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Light to heavy stalk
breakage of early corn in scattered fields throughout northern two-thirds of State
and extreme southeastern area, with 88-100 percent of stalks with 1-7 borers per
stalk. Third-brood larvae mature with some pupation and emergence. (Kyd, Thomas).
ALABAMA - Found in Walker, Marion and Lamar Counties. New county records.
(Grimes). WEST VIRGINIA - Survey of 107 fields in 15 counties averaged 40.2
borers per 100 plants. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). VIRGINIA - Severely damaged corn
in southeastern counties and lodging will be severe if winds are strong before
harvesting. (Boush). Damaging corn in Franklin County. (Rowell, Tucker).
RHODE ISLAND - Early to middle instar larvae boring stalks and cobs of late
forage field corn in Kingston area. (Stoner). LOUISIANA - Taken from two other
parishes, Concordia and Tensas, making total of 5 parishes known to be infested.
OKLAHOMA - Two larvae recovered from 1,000 corn plants examined at Stillwater.
(Arbuthnot) .

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Damaging newly emerged wheat in
Jewell and Osborne Counties. Control may be required. (Gates). OHIO - Severe
in late sweet corn in southern areas, abundant on late corn throughout State,
most destructive in southern portions. (C. R. Neiswander). MISSOURI - Heavy
damage to late corn continues, with 1-6 larvae per plant in both stalks and ears.
Damaging occasional field of early seeded barley or rye; total destruction of one
field in Pettis County. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Severely damaging late sweet
corn in Walker, Winston, Marion and Lamar Counties. Damaging grain sorghum in
Walker and Winston Counties. (Grimes). Infesting small grains and grasses in
epidemic proportions in Wilcox, Lowndes and Dallas Counties. (Hays). GEORGIA -
Heavy on small grain inTaliaferro County and heavy damage in Wilkes and Lincoln
Counties. (Carter, McGee, Johnson). Moderate on Coastal Bermuda grass in
Hancock County. (Johnson). VIRGINIA - Outbreaks continue to occur in small grains,
grasses, milo and other crops in many parts of the State. Rye and grass mixtures
for winter pastures are being severely damaged. Infestations are spotted in the
various counties infested. (Morris et al.). DELAWARE - Generally common in late
field corn. Prevalent in Sudan grass, some places in central Kent County.
(Milliron, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Spotty infestation of sorghum heads throughout
State. Approximately 10 percent of heads infested in one field of milo and
shank feeding on late corn in Kingfisher County. (Coppock, Vick).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - MISSOURI - Common in most corn and grain
sorghum throughout southwestern area, ranging 6-32 nymphs and adults per stalk.
(Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Large numbers on corn in northeast areas. (Oliver).

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - VIRGINIA - Very heavy in southeastern corn fields.
(Boush) .

- 790 -

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OHIO - Very severe infestation in late sweet corn.

(C. R. Neiswander). ALABAMA - Damaging grain sorghum in Walker and Winston
Counties. (Grimes). VIRGINIA - Present in many peanut and soybean fields in

eastern and southeastern areas. Damaging milo where seeds are still in dough
state. Infesting 5-6 thousand acres of soybeans in Westmoreland County. (Morris
et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous on heads of grain sorghum in Orangeburg
County. (Nettles et al.). DELAWARE - Continues to feed on soybeans in Sussex
County. Common in alfalfa locally in southern areas. Generally prevalent in
late field corn. Active in Sudan grass in central localities. (Milliron,
Conrad). RHODE ISLAND - Relatively large numbers of adults at West Kingston
light trap, September 22. Adults numerous in Quonset light trap, September 24.
(Stoner). MARYLAND - Moderate larval damage to soybeans in southern sections.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LOUISIANA - Heavy populations remain in grain sorghum in
Morehouse and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEBRASKA - Light infestations in most
grain sorghums. No indication of yield reduction. (Roselle). ALABAMA - A
light infestation on grain sorghum in Winston County. (Grimes). LOUISIANA -

Populations remain heavy in corn, sorghum and millet over State. (Oliver).
OKLAHOMA - Populations on sorghums have disappeared in most areas. This has
been heaviest, most prolonged infestation in years. (Coppock).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Infestation of 12
percent at one location in Wabaunsee County. This is farthest north for this
season. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Light in early corn, heavy in late corn through-
out southwestern counties. Stalk infestation in late corn ranges 2-50 percent.
(Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Heavy tunneling in corn, one field in Blaine County.
Overwintering larvae in tap roots. (Coppock, Vick).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - MISSOURI - Light to heavy in many fields
in extreme southeastern areas with counts of 0 to over 100 larvae per head.
Damage heavy in few fields. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Light damage to grain
sorghum in Winston and Walker Counties. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Populations
remain heavy in grain sorghum in Morehouse and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSOURI - Sorghum heavily damaged in
extreme southeast area. Set of grain reduced 75-95 percent in more heavily
infested fields. (Kyd, Thomas).

A GRASSWORM (Mocis sp.) - GEORGIA - Light on Coastal Bermuda grass in Colquitt,
Berrien and Bacon Counties, moderate in Hancock County. One 30 acre field
destroyed in Meriwether County. (Johnson, Buchanan).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Hundreds per plant, few fields of
milo in Kiowa County, numerous in heads. Light in one field in Tillman County.
(Coppock, Vick).

A CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus sp.) - VIRGINIA - Damaging corn in Franklin County.
(Rowell, Tucker).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Infesting approximately 90
percent of rice plants in 2 fields examined in Avoyelles Parish, destroying about
30 percent of heads. (Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Slight increases in all areas. Counts
non-economic, 16-80 per 10 sweeps. (Schick, Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continues
to build up in alfalfa in east central regions, with 100 per 10 sweeps.
(Hantsbarger). DELAWARE - Increased on alfalfa generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

A CUTWORM - VIRGINIA - Very heavy in 1 of 7 peanut fields surveyed in Nansemond
County. (Morris, Ward).

- 791 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Practically non-existent
in most fields, remaining at non-economic levels throughout State. (Matthew).
NEBRASKA —- Populations in legumes increased in southwest areas, averaging 200-
300 per 10 sweeps. Weather conditions in eastern localities unfavorable for
population increases. No important economic infestations reported. (Schick,
Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in Brookings County for first time this
season, 1 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - Generally light over State
with 1-15 per sweep in the southwest area and 3-20 per sweep in central
portions. (Kyd, Thomas). CALIFORNIA - Light to severe in 18 counties during
August. (Cal. Coop. Rept., August). Medium to heavy on scattered plants at
Montague, Siskiyou County. This is first record for this county. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.). INDIANA - Moved eastward to Ohio border, with new county records for
Switzerland, Ohio and Dearborn Counties. Found for first time this season in
Sullivan County September 26. Populations greatly diminished generally. |.
(Wilson). ILLINOIS - Survey of southern 4-5 tiers of counties shows populations
in alfalfa ranging from 0-30 per 100 sweeps. This is lower than in mid-August.
(111. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Light to moderate in most Millard, Beaver, Iron and
Washington County alfalfa fields recently examined. Occasional economic damage.
(Knowlton et al.). OKLAHOMA - Populations generally decreasing in southwestern
and south central areas, over 50 per 10 sweeps uncommon. Highest population
was 200 per 10 sweeps in Jackson County. Predators remain abundant; 3-15

lady beetles and Q-30 lacewings per 10 sweeps. (Coppock, Vick).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - GEORGIA - Heavy on alfalfa in
Oconee and Hancock Counties and heavy on soybeans in Colquitt, Bulloch and
Burke Counties. One field completely defoliated in Burke County. (Johnson).
NORTH CAROLINA - General in soybean and peanut fields throughout southeastern
areas and eating peanuts in stacks in some areas. (Jones, Rabb). VIRGINIA -
Heavy and feeding on foliage of soybeans in many fields and on foliage of
peanuts in some instances. Extremely numerous on soybeans on Eastern Shore and
quite numerous in Norfolk area. (Morris et al.). MARYLAND - Larvae abundant
and heavily damaging 50 acres of soybeans near Aquasco, Prince Georges County.
On soybeans at Ridge, controls applied. Adults in Salisbury light trap.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Attacking soybeans at several locations in
southern half of State. Light in lima and snap beans in southern Kent and
Sussex Counties. New State record. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults prevalent in alfalfa
and red clover in eastern region, ranging from 1-7 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

A LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - VIRGINIA - Quite numerous on ‘soybeans in
Westmoreland County fields. Det. W. G. Evans. (Morris, Dawson).

WEEVILS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations of Sitona hispidula in alfalfa up to 3
adults per 10 sweeps in east central region. (Hantsbarger). WASHINGTON -
Heavy adult populations of S. cylindricollis and §S. hispidula migrating during
July and August became household pests in Pullman area. (Johansen).

SOYBEAN INSECTS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Trichoplusia ni, Epilachna varivestis and
Epicauta spp. troublesome in Florence County. Heavy infestations of E. varivestis
and Epicauta spp. and large numbers of Pseudaletia unipuncta and Heliothis zea
present in Horry County. H. zea infestation heavy during last week of August

in Lee County and eating young pods in older fields in Marion County. T. ni

doing considerable damage in latter county. (Nettles et al.). a wea

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA — Counts averaged 18 per 10 sweeps
in alfalfa in southwest counties. (Schick). MARYLAND - Averaged 5-10 per sweep
on soybeans in southern Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PLANT BUGS - NEBRASKA —- Adelphocoris lineolatus infestations very light. Counts
of 0-12 per 10 sweeps in legumes. (Schick, Roselle). UTAH - Lygus spp. still
extremely abundant in alfalfa fields in Milford area, Beaver County, and often
abundant in fields of Millard, Beaver, Iron and Juab Counties. (Knowlton et al.).

- 792 -

Adult Spittlebug Survey, Illinois
August 26 to September 13

Very Severe

Severe

Moderate
Light

Non-economic

Numbers = County average; adults per sweep.

- 793 -

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Adults common in alfalfa
fields, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults in red
clover in northeast area with 2 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

LEAF MINERS - UTAH - Reduced seed yield in a number of alfalfa fields in Millard
County. (Knowlton et al.).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Severely damaging young alfalfa,
pasture and lawn in Scott County. (Delp).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous in some alfalfa
fields in east central region with up to 14 larvae per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).
DELAWARE - Unusual numbers persist in soybean and alfalfa fields generally,
especially Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - DELAWARE - Infesting alfalfa in Kent and
Sussex Counties, moderately heavy at one location in Kent County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Late-instar larvae infesting
almost 100 percent of abandoned apples in orchard at Usquepaug and all quince
fruits infested in orchard at Bristol. (Stoner, Caroselli). UTAH - Infestation
generally heavy-in Iron and Juab County apple orchards. (Knowlton).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae severe in unsprayed
orchards, 8-10 per fruit. A commercial orchard at Westerly with 75 percent of
fruits "wormy". (Stoner).

CRANBERRY PESTS - OREGON - Appreciable damage by Crambus topiarius in several
bogs in Bandon area. Serious damage by Brachyrhinus sulcatus appeared in one
bog. A tortricid (Acleris lipsiana) , first reported from State in 1956, has
increased in numbers in one 9-acre bog. Several adults were collected at widely
scattered locations on September 24 in this acreage. (Capizzi, Goeden)..

LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indigenella) -— CALIFORNIA - Heavy on plum in Chula Vista,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) - OREGON - Light to moderate infestations in
peach orchard in New Bridge area of Baker County. (Every, Sept. 20).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Late season activity very light,
below anticipated level in Yakima area. (Dean).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) -—- CALIFORNIA - Caused considerable damage to
apple foliage in Oak Glen area, San Bernardino County during August. New record
for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) = RHODE ISLAND - Large numbers of adults
and larvae injuring grapes at Kingston. (Stoner).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) — IDAHO —- Field migrations of winged
forms observed during past week in Moscow area. (Gittins).

TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable amount
of pecan twigs to fall in Spartanburg County. In several instances an entire tree
girdled. (Smith).

Mea

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria litchii) - FLORIDA - Infesting 6 lychee trees at
Nokomis. Eradication will be attempted since pest found only in this one plant-
ing. (H. Denmark).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in southern area,
particularly in parts of Ventura and Orange Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - CALIFORNIA - Common and abundant some
groves in Redlands-Riverside area. First record in area. Previously limited
to warmer parts of central valley and desert regions of State. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Some buildup with
possibly more to come, due to hot summer, in southern area. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Heavy infestation on fall tomatoes. (Morris). MARYLAND -
Macrosiphum solanifolii heavy on tomatoes at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
RHODE ISLAND - Extremely large populations of Aphis gossypii on young tips of
cucumber and squash vines at Kingston and West Kingston. (Stoner). DELAWARE -
Brevicoryne brassicae decreased on cruciferous crops generally. Aphis gossypii
increasing on pumpkKin-squash one location, central Kent County. (Milliron,
Conrad). UTAH - Potato aphids extremely numerous on certified and commercial
potatoes in Beryl-Enterprise area of southern Utah during late season. Many
fields treated once or twice. (Knowlton).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MARYLAND - Heavy on broccoli at Fairland.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Decreased on cruciferous crops generally.
Continues active on lima beans in northeastern Sussex and central Kent Counties.
(Milliron, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Trace infestation on tomato plantings locally
in Yolo County. Unusual host record for State. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEVADA -
Still infesting onions in Lyon County. (Lauderdale Sept. 13).

LOOPERS - OKLAHOMA — Defoliating sweetpotatoes in McCurtain County. (Goin).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Infesting potatoes on
Eastern Shore. Several inquiries on control received. (Brubaker, Greenwood,
Hofmaster). DELAWARE - Damage to peppers increased one area, central Kent
County. Elsewhere, fruit injury decreased, with greater tendency to stalk and
stem entry. (Milliron, Conrad).

FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Severely damaging potato foliage at American Fork.
(Knowlton).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - UTAH - Infesting some potato fields
in Beryl-Enterprise area of Iron and Washington Counties. (Knowlton).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) -—- UTAH -— Adults common, sometimes abundant,
on rubber rabbitbush blossoms wherever examined in Millard, Beaver, Iron and
Washington Counties. (Knowlton).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Enormous numbers of
adults congregating on wild husk tomato, averaging 15 per sweep. Concentration
probably due to early death of potatoes in Kingston area, (Stoner).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Continued infestations on beans
some places in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - MISSISSIPPI - Much damage to sweetpotatoes
left on ground over night in Panola County. (Smith).

———

i

- 795 -

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - VIRGINIA - Causing considerable injury to bean
foliage and to developing flower pods in eastern Virginia, and usual damage to
tomatoes where not controlled. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). DELAWARE —
Larvae common on beans many locations in southern area. Few feeding in pumpkin-—
squash flowers generally and fruits some places in Sussex County. Small numbers
in late cabbage, northern New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). OKLAHOMA -
Damaging sweetpotatoes vines lightly in McCurtain County. (Goin).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA — Light to moderate on snap
and lima beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). FLORIDA -
Infesting 50 acres of beans at Hague, Alachua County. (Hague). RHODE ISLAND -
Small numbers of adults present on beans. About 50 percent defoliation of

rather large untreated commereial planting at West Kingston. (Stoner).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Numerous in young sugar beet seed
plantings in St. George-Washington area. (Knowlton).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy injury to late
cucumbers, pumpkins and Squash in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster) .

CUCUMBER BEETLES - RHODE ISLAND - Adults of Acalymma vittata and Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi feeding on blossoms of Summer Squash at West Kingston.
Stoner).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Common on pumpkin-squash, one
place in New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Generally heavy on
strawberries in Clearfield County. (Adams). WASHINGTON - Heavy laté season
flare up on raspberries in Puyallup area. (Breakey).

COTTON INSECTS

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - GEORGIA —- Many fields of cotton defoliated
in south and middle Georgia. Defoliation beneficial at this time (September 25).
(Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - General throughout southern area. (Jones, Farrier,
Dogger). SOUTH CAROLINA - Completed defoliation of cotton during past 10 days

in Williamsburg County; saved hundreds of bales of cotton for many growers.
(Nettles, Sept. 25).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

AN ARCTIID (Halisidota argentata) - OREGON - Masses of first and second-instar
larvae noted on isolated Douglas-fir trees near Bandon. (Goeden, Capizzi).

PINE TIP MOTHS - ALABAMA - Damaging small pines in northern area. (Morris,
Thompson) .

TIGER SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio glaucus) — NEBRASKA —- Larval defoliation of many
ornamental and fruit trees occurring in central area. (Roselle).

SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) -— UTAH - Riddling foliage of young boxelder
trees at Glendale. (Knowlton)

HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Very severe infestation,
1-3 adults per leaf, on pyracantha locally in Rockingham County and infesting
pyracantha locally in Lincoln County. (Scott, Rabb).

FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) - FLORIDA - Populations of all stages
high on ornamentals over State. (H. Denmark).

- 796 -

AN APHID (Pentalonia nigronervosa) - OKLAHOMA — Found on Caladium sp. in green-
house in Tulsa week of August 12. Det. L. M. Russell. (Stiles).

A FLANNEL MOTH (Norape cretata)— NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae numerous on locust and
beech-nut trees in Vance County and on mimosa in Wilkes County. (Scott, Rabb).

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) — KANSAS - Second-generation larvae
feeding on soft maple trees most northeastern counties. Many trees infested
nearly defoliated. (Matthew).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO —- Pupation general in Twin
Falls area. Full-grown larvae and pupae present in considerable numbers around
bases of elm trees. (Gibson).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA - First
recorded from Nuckolls County. (Roselle).

AN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium sp.) — PENNSYLVANIA - Extensive branch destruction on
oak in Allegheny County. Damage accentuated by dry weather. (Udine).

PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) — DELAWARE - Prevalent on Norway
maple, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Still feeding on mimosa in
Perry County. (Pepper).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA —- Mansonia perturbans numerous on Orton Plantation in
Brunswick County. Aedes sollicitans quite abundant and Psorophora confinnis more
numerous in Carteret and Pamlico Counties. (Ashton). CALIFORNIA — Anopheles
freeborni still numerous in parts of northern Sacramento Valley. Aedes nigromaculis
trapped most of San Joaquin Valley, but generally in small numbers. Psorophora
confinnis decreased somewhat in south central Riverside County, but still numerous.
Culex tarsalis females taken in light traps in diminishing numbers. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe general infestation
in navels and vaginal areas of cattle and hogs at time of birth in Beaufort
County. (Williams). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations worst in many years in
Charleston County. Appeared in horses, cattle, hogs and a serious problem in

deer in Georgetown County. One reporter counted 25 deer dead with screw-worm and
several others affected in small area in one day. Causing considerable damage in
Marlboro County. Appearsto be spreading throughout York County with severe damage
to large number of livestock. (Nettles).

STABLE FLIES - OKLAHOMA — Populations average 50-100 per animal in Payne County.
(Howell).

GNATS -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Severe problem causing loss of efficiency of field hands
in Coastal Plains area. (Ashton).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Light on 30 head of sheep in
Clarke County. (Gerkin).

TICKS -— OKLAHOMA — Extremely serious in Atoka County. (Vick).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS ,

CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - NEBRASKA - Infestations in wheat more general
this fall than past two years. (Roselle). ‘

- 7197 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - RHODE ISLAND - Chrysopa oculata and Hippodamia convergens adults
feeding on Aphis gossypii at Kingston and West Kingston. (Stoner). SOUTH

DAKOTA - Nabis spp. abundant in alfalfa fields in eastern area; populations up

to 4 per 10 Sweeps. Orius insidiosus common in alfalfa fields in eastern area
with populations up to 7 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Lady beetles,
Nabis spp. and Chrysopa spp. extremely abundant in some Milford area alfalfa
fields. Severe infestations of pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid controlied

by these predators. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Lady beetles congregating in and around
hibernation quarters in Moscow area. Aphid populations on trees and shrubs in
Twin Falls greatly reduced by predation and parasitism. (Gibson).

A GORSE WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) - OREGON - Successfully completed a second year of
development in State, but has not dispersed further than 100 yards in any
direction from either of two locations in Bandon area that were original release
sites. (Capizzi).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Incipient infesta-
tion at Lutz, Hillsborough County, being treated in attempt to eradicate. Lutz
most southern point of infestation in State. (H. Denmark). ALABAMA — Reported
from Blount County. First record in county. (Hays).

ANTS - IDAHO - Swarms annoying to householders in Twin Falls area. (Gibson).

EARWIGS - UTAH - Numerous complaints from homeowners in several counties.
(Knowlton) .

HOUSE CRICKET (Acheta domestica) -— CALIFORNIA - First record from Imperial County.
One specimen taken in gin trash machine operating on cotton insect survey. (Cal.
€oop. Rept.).

A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) - OREGON - Entering homes in Coos County.
Apparently first record in county. (Every).
CORRECTIONS

CEIR 7(34): 684 - APPLE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Psorosina hammondi) reported for
WASHINGTON should be APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana).

CEIR 7(30): 611 - On map of VINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana) distribution add Libya.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEVADA —- Populations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID, September 13, low in Jiggs area,
Elko County (Lauderdale) and in Dayton area, Lyon County, increasing with 20-40
per stem (Bechtel).

MINNESOTA - GRASSHOPPERS show slow development and egg laying. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

County

Lee 9/21, 24, 26
ARKANSAS

Stuttgart 9/19-25

Fayetteville 9/14-27
FLORIDA

Gainesville 9/25
GEORGIA (County)

Tistt 9/16. os.) 20
ILLINOIS

Urbana 9/19-25
INDIANA (County)

Orange 9/18-22
KANSAS

Manhattan 9/19-26

Hays 9/17-25

Garden City 9/24-26
LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge
MARYLAND (County)

Wicomico 9/17-23
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Lincoln 9/12-18

Box Butte 9/10-13

Perkins 9/11-15

Scotts Bluff 9/9-15
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Johnston 9/26

Duplin 9/26
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 9/16-22

Florence 9/21-27

Oconee 9/21-27
SOUTH DAKOTA

Brookings 9/27
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Madison 9/17-23

Maury

Robertson

Cumberland

Knox

Greene

Blount

Johnson

Pseud. Agrot. Prad. Anticar.

unip.

165

136

GO bt 0

yps.
33

fi

le ole oli se) “I [o>]

36
74

- 798 -

orn.

22

106

gemm. frug.

199

38
270
22

480 144
22 17

zea vires. sexta quin.

24

Laphyg. Heliothis

53

32

12

Protoparce

3

10

Nw

POND UP

1

25

[a a

dete

- 799 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

RUTHERGLEN BUG (Nysius vinitor Bergroth)

Economic Importance: This lygaeid is considered one of the worst native pests of
southern Australia. In outbreaks it may be as injurious as the North American
chinch bug and its host preference is much greater, N. vinitor feeds on many
succulent plants causing damage to such crops as tomatoes, onions, wheat, cotton
and fruits. Observations show that one heavily-infested apricot orchard yielded
only 100 boxes of fruit compared with 3,000 boxes the following year when the
insect was properly controlled. Damaging infestations usually occur in hot dry
weather following rains although the pest appears in vast numbers only about

once in 10 years.

Distribution: Australia including Tasmania.

General Distribution of Nysius vinitor

Hosts: Wide host range including wheat, cotton, vegetables and fruits. On
vegetables it is most important on beans, tomatoes, beets and potatoes. Although
fruits, including citrus, are generally attacked, stone fruits are most susceptible.

Life History and Habits: Overwintering adults commence breeding in early spring
and lay eggs in the soil, in the glumes of grasses and in flower heads of weeds,
particularly composites. The adults are active when disturbed in warmer periods
and resemble flies in their movements. The eggs, placed in compact groups of

2 to 7, hatch in about 6 days. More than 400 eggs can be laid by a single female.
Nymphs mature in about three weeks passing through five molts. The young insects
do not migrate far from the food plants, but the adults will fly considerable
distances. The life cycle requires about four weeks.

Lygaeidae, Hemiptera

- 800 -

Description: Adult is about 5 mm. long, narrow-bodied and generally grayish-brown,
with darker brown markings. Eyes are black and prominent and two small ocelli are
visible on the top of the head. Antennae are four-segmented. Eggs are about

1 mm. long, creamy-white at first but becoming reddish-brown before hatching. The
nymphs are generally reddish-brown. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in ~
cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 7(40) 10-4-57

Adult

Nymphal Stages (first, third and fifth instars)

Figures of instars from Veitch, R. and Simmonds, J. H. 1929. Pests and Diseases
of Queensland Fruits and Vegetables. 198 pp. Brisbane.

Figure of adult from New South Wales Dept. Agr., Ent. Br., Div. Sci. Serv.
Insect Pest Leaf. No. 6, Rev. 1952, 2 pp.

- 801 -

STATEMENT ON THE EFFECT OF THE
SOIL BANK PROGRAM ON INSECT PROBLEMS*

The Soil Bank Program will effect rapid changes in agricultural practices in many
areas in the United States. New cropping practices and other changes in plant
and animal ecology in specific areas will in turn influence insect populations.
That the soil bank could result in significant increases or decreases in insect
populations in many areas was officially brought to the attention of the
Department of Agriculture by one of the western state experiment stations at the
suggestion of some of the entomologists in that area. This subject was also
discussed informally in the Department for some time. Accordingly, entomologists
have given consideration to the matter and are calling to the attention of those
interested certain changes that are likely to occur based on observations in the
past where new farming practices similar to the Soil Bank Program have been put
into effect.

Purpose of the Statement

The purpose of this statement is to: (1) provide general information on the
nature and scope of the Soil Bank Program as it may relate to potential insect
conditions; (2) cite examples of insect population changes that could take place
and (3) stress the importance of general surveillance on the part of research,
extension, and survey entomologists in State, Federal, and other services in
order to recognize and appraise the significance of any changes in insect
conditions that may be related to the program,

Nature and Scope of the Soil Bank Program

The Soil Bank Program was instituted to reduce production of basic crops and to
conserve resources of the future. The Soil Bank provides for two categories.
One, the acreage reserve, offers producers of "basic" crops an opportunity to
keep allotted acreages out of production and receive compensation for so doing.
The acreage reserve agreements are for one year only, but the same tract may be
designated for a second year under a new agreement. The "basic" crops involved
in the 1957 acreage reserve are wheat, upland cotton, corn, tobacco and rice.
Acreage taken out of production may be either rested or planted to an approved
cover crop. The second category is known as the conservation reserve which is
for a longer period of time. The minimum period is 3 years and may be 5 or 10
years and under certain conditions a longer period of time. The overall objective
is to retire general cropland from production that is not needed at the present
time, and to help conserve soil, water, forest, and wildlife resources. As

with acreage reserve, this land will remain idle. In addition, one or more
accepted soil conservation practices will be applied. The conservation practices
include dams to store water, planting of grass or legumes for vegetative cover,
tree or shrub planting, and practices of benefit to wildlife

The attached map shows the approximate acreage in the Soil Bank program by States
as of May 1, 1957. Figures are given for both the acreage reserve and conserva-
tion reserve.

* Prepared under the joint auspices of the Agricultural Research Service and the
Federal Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

- 802 -

Examples of Probable Effects on Insect Conditions

There is a general belief that insect populations will be affected by the Soil
Bank Program. These changes will be more often local or regional than national.
The effects may be harmful or beneficial, depending on whether the increase in
insect populations is a destructive or beneficial species. The kind of insect
involved will depend somewhat on the region and the use made of reserved
acreages. Under some circumstances, the buildup in populations may be rapid.

In others, it may be gradual and over a long period of time.

Specific examples of population changes that may arise are cited, based on
appraisals by entomologists in the State and Federal Governments.

Destructive Insects

Grasshoppers, especially (Melanoplus mexicanus*, M. bivittatus and M.
differentialis) would find in the reserved acreages an increased amount of more
favorable places for egg laying and a greater variety of desirable food plants.
The acres in the Soil Bank are likely to provide more generally desirable
habitats for a variety of species than would the individual crops that are
replaced.

A blister beetle problem is a natural accompaniment of the grasshopper
problem. Although the adult blister beetles are pests, the larval forms feed on
grasshopper eggs, and as such are beneficial.

Cutworms, wireworms, white grubs, Japanese beetle, European chafer, sod

webworms, and corn flea bee beeties, are are likely to build up in sod or fallow land,
and damage subsequent crops grown thereon.

Armyworms and certain flea beetles may develop in meadows and invade
cultivated crops when the meadows or pastures are mowed or dried up.

Thrips, aphids, spider mites, and Lygus bugs are likely to increase on
grasses and soil building legumes substituted for basic crops and then migrate
to and damage other crops. For example, the pea aphid develops on alfalfa and
may migrate to and severely damage peas through transmission of diseases.

LeafHoppers reproduce on alfalfa and a variety of other cultivated or non-
cultivated host plants and then migrate to other crops or into new areas. The
potato leafhopper may migrate to crops in areas where they develop or migrate
hundreds of miles into new areas. The beet leafhopper in the Western and Great
Plains area may develop on favorable host plants on retired areas and later
invade cultivated areas, to transmit curly top disease to a variety of vegetable
crops as well as sugar beets.

Stink bug populations are known to increase on legume crops and on certain
plants growing in idle lands. These often migrate to crops and damage then.

Nantucket tip moths, the pales weevil, and other forest insect pests will
increase on the additional trees planted under the program.

* Now M. bilituratus (in part). See CEIR 7(35):

- 803 -

Beneficial Insects

The undisturbed idle land will provide more favorable nesting sites for wild
pollinating bees. Replacing large acreages of single crops with diversified crops
or- multiple wild plants, will permit mixed populations of insects. Parasites and
predators that breed on them may migrate to crop lands and aid in control of
insect pests. Diversified crops and additional wild plants would help the bee-
keeping industry in the production of more honey and in strengthening colonies
for pollination of plants. In some instances, however, competing wild host
plants and seeded crops on reserved acreages might draw bees from colonies
intended to pollinate the cultivated crops.

Soil Bank acreages might serve as trap crop areas that could be sprayed for
control of migratory insects such as the alfalfa leafhopper when they have moved
in following the cutting of cultivated crops.

Importance of Nationwide Observations on
Insect Conditions as Related to the Soil Bank Program
and Need for Recording the Observations

The changes in land utilization brought about by the Soil Bank Program will have
an effect on insect populations. These changes will affect not only the land in
the soil bank but also adjacent areas. They will be different in different places
and may or may not have an appreciable effect on agricultural production.
Adequate observations to determine what significant changes are taking place in.
all areas as a result of the Soil Bank Program are necessary to provide facts on
which to base forecasts of insect population before destructive numbers of pests
including plant disease carriers have developed. Such observations will need to
be made for each farming area and records maintained that are readily available
and interpretable. These records will be of primary importance in the area in
which they are made but they should be in a form that could be readily summarized
on a regional basis.

Contributors to the Statement

This statement was prepared by’a small Department working group appointed by the
Deputy Administrator for Experiment Stations, Agricultural Research Service. It
is based on information and suggestions obtained from State and Federal
entomologists. Information on the nature and scope of the Soil Bank Programs
was supplied by the Soil Bank Division, Commodity Stabilization Service, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. Suggestions about this statement will be welcome by
the working group for consideration in the event additional statements are
prepared.

Kelvin Dorward

M. P. Jones

E. R. McGovran

E. F. Knipling, Chairman

- 804 -

fe 000‘EFt'sz “s'N NVA TIOS TVLOL
000‘ 992‘9 “s'n TVLOL
000‘ Z2e‘ tz *S'N TVLOL

GAWASAY NOILVAWASNOO - aUNDIA YAMOT
GAWASAY FOVANOV - AUNOIA udddn

000‘£9 a

000‘ 689‘ T
000‘ 262z‘z

000‘s9
000‘ Fz

000‘e9
000‘zsz@

000‘ 90T

000‘ FEZ
000'929 000‘8

000‘ Z9T 000‘Sr

000‘z8e
000682 ‘T

000‘ 002

000‘ 6z
000‘ 66z

000°9 ‘
000‘ 6z 000‘ 6£
“i 000‘ 96

000' zz
7
000 ae

aS

000‘ 922
000‘ Ist ‘r

( 000‘8z
000‘'89

000‘ £6F
000‘ oze‘T

h-

00021
000‘ zer

000‘Sz
000‘ 61

000‘ OTT

000‘ee
000‘ FELT

000‘ EFF

000‘Es
000‘ FLL

000‘ 611
000‘ OTe

000‘ ze
000‘ TF

000‘ OFT

000‘SST 000‘ tz

000‘ 216 000‘ SF

000‘S8T

000‘ zr
000‘ETT

000‘ 08S
000‘ LL

000‘ 06F
000‘ oze‘T

000‘ 18
000‘ 6LF

000‘8£
iY)

2S6| ‘I AV
WVY90Ud YNVE TOS - 39VINOV ALVWIXONddV

_
PS

Ast i ae

anh CVIAT RR Oh

ao

at}
Suita
fey \

MAR 2 ‘

So

RTMENT OF AGRICUE

q —

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 October 18, 1957 Number 42

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS causing serious injury in margins of wheat in fields in eastern
Colorado and in panhandle of Oklahoma. (pp. 823, 829).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in Arkansas Valley, Colorado. Increasing also
in areas of New Mexico on seedling alfalfa. (p. 824).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR severe on kudzu and alfalfa in some Alabama counties.
Damage continues in eastern Virginia and Delaware. (p. 824).

ORCHARD MITES continue to build up in New Mexico apple orchards. (p. 824).
LIMA-BEAN POD BORER infestation high in Orange County, California. (p. 825).

CABBAGE LOOPER numerous in southern California and continues destructive in
Delaware. (p. 826).

BOLL WEEVIL infestations reported from southern Illinois. (p. 827).

MAPLE LEAF CUTTER defoliation medium to heavy in northern New York and in
Franklin and Washington Counties, Vermont. (p. 828).

STORED GRAIN PEST infestations numerous in North Dakota. (p. 828).
INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 831).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 829).

J OK I 2 2 RE 2 I I IE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 i 2 aE 2 ak

Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 11 unless otherwise
designated.

- 822 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 14

Last week was unseasonably cool over virtually the entire country, with temper-
atures averaging as much as 6° below normal in a wide belt from the middle
Atlantic coast to the northern Great Plains. Precipitation, falling in nearly
all areas from the Great Plains westward, delayed harvesting in some sections and
damaged some mature crops in California. Rains east of the Mississippi River
were limited to the upper Great Lakes, the Northeast, and the southern tip of
Florida, while the remainder of the area enjoyed mild, sunny days and cool nights,
typical October weather which was very favorable for harvesting operations.
Freezing occurred over most northern areas, but little or no damage was reported.

Rains of the previous week continued through the 9th in the Northeast, providing
additional temporary relief to drought-stricken areas of Massachusetts, southern
New Hampshire, and southwestern Maine. Totals ranged from 1/2 to over 1 inch

in much of southern New England, east-central and southeastern New York State,
northeastern Pennsylvania, and northwestern New Jersey. More rain is now needed
to replenish topsoil moisture in the Ohio Valley and in some sections of the
central and extreme lower Mississippi Valley.

In the Great Plains rainfall was rather general both at the beginning and end

of the period. Totals exceeded an inch in much of Texas, the western two-
thirds of Oklahoma, the eastern third of Kansas, northwestern Missouri, and the
southwestern one-fourth of Iowa. Extremely heavy weekend rains, totaling up to
5 inches or more, in central Texas caused damaging floods. Cool, cloudy weather
in Minnesota and the northern Great Plains kept the moisture content of corn
unusually high.

Rains in Arizona and New Mexico, falling the last 3 or 4 days of the period,
totaled up to 2 inches at higher elevations. These rains benefited winter grains
and ranges and replenished stock water which was depleted by a dry September.

In California, rainfall was heavy in the north and moderate in the remainder
of the State, except for amounts under 0.10 inch at a few southeastern desert
stations. At San Francisco, the season's rainfall to-date is 4.27 inches, the
heaviest since 1904 and the second heaviest since 1849.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 823 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Schistocerca sp. more numerous in Moapa and Virgin Valleys,
Clark County, than in 1956. (Gallaway, Oct. 4). NEW MEXICO - Infestations cover
531,800 acres of range and cropland. Heaviest infestations on rangeland in Union,
Colfax and Harding Counties. (Durkin, Oct.5). COLORADO - Fall adult survey
indicates serious buildup of populations on crops and rangelands in much of State.
Heavy infestations present in northeastern, eastern and central areas of State.
Populations of Melanoplus bilituratus made greatest increase. Other important
species are M. femur-rubrum, M. bivitattus, M. differentialis, M. packardii,
Aeoloplus turnbulli, Drepanoptera femoratum and Camnula pellucida, all of which
are in economic numbers. Second-generation nympns of M. bilituratus observed in
Kit Carson, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Prowers and Baca Counties. If present weather
conditions continue, a heavy egg deposit is expected. Parasites and predators
appeared decreased. Many wheat field margins suffering serious injury in north-
eastern area with injury common throughout eastern area. Damage will result in a
heavy dollar loss. Control measures have been applied to more than 250,000 acres
with 100,000 acres treated in Cheyenne County alone. (ARS, Ext. Serv.).

MONTANA - Grasshoppers appeared numerous in grain-growing areas of Yellowstone and
Prairie Counties in September. (PPC, West. Reg.). ALABAMA - Many M. femur-rubrum
and M. differentialis on grasses and garden crops in Lee County. (Guyton).
DELAWARE — M. femur-rubrum causing heavy marginal injury to soybeans one area in
central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Damaging late sweet corn in Lee County.
(Guyton). VIRGINIA - Medium to severe damage from this species and velvetbean
caterpillar to late soybeans in 45-acre field in Stafford. Young pods eaten or
stems cut. Velvetbean caterpillar on foliage mainly. Yield reduced 40 to 50
percent. (Westing).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - VIRGINIA - Continues to damage small grains,
clover and alfalfa in widely separated parts of State. (Morris et al.).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 8
per 100 corn stalks in 10 acres field at Milville. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CORN PESTS - ILLINOIS - Average of 85 percent of corn ears in southeastern area
damaged by either Heliothis zea or Laphygma frugiperda. (111. Ins. Rept.).

PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Pyroderces rileyi) - ALABAMA - Numerous on corn in
Lee County. (Guyton).

A NOCTUID (Elasphia chalcedonia) - VIRGINIA - Damaged grass in an area in eastern
Virginia. First record of damage to grass by species. Cocoons of a parasite
(Apanteles sp.) also present. Det. H. W. Capps and C. F. W. Muesebeck. (Matheny).

A SPITTLEBUG (Tomaspis bicincta) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely numerous on dead or
dying coastal Bermuda grass, averaging 38 per 50 sweeps, in Spartanburg County.
(Hutchins, Ready, Wirwille, et al., Oct. 3).

FIELD CRICKETS - TEXAS - Acheta sp. feeding on small grains emerging in Hunt and
Denton Counties. (Turney).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous numbers of adults in
alfalfa, southern two-thirds of State. (Milliron, Conrad).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae and adults present but
scarce in alfalfa in all infested counties. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.). DELAWARE -
Adults common to numerous on alfalfa generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - VIRGINIA - Light in soybean
fields in Westmoreland County, Sept. 24. Some in Nansemond and Southampton
Counties. (Morris, Dawson).

- 824 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Building up in spotty
infestations on seedling alfalfa in Dona Ana, Lea and Eddy Counties. Several
growers applying controls. (Durkin, Oct. 5). ARKANSAS - Not found in alfalfa in
State for several weeks. (Boyer, Oct. 5). COLORADO - Populations increasing in
Arkansas Valley. Counts per 100 sweeps 4000 at Fowler, Otero County and 1800

at Vineland, Pueblo County. (Exp. Sta.). ILLINOIS - Maximum infestation 41 per
sweep in southeastern area. Average population in southeastern area was 12 per
sweep and 10 per sweep in southwestern area. (111. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA - Not
observed in fields heavily infested first of September. (Guyton). WEST VIRGINIA -
Infestation in alfalfa heavier than at this time 1956 in same fields in Monroe
County. Counts about 1 per sweep. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Causing severe damage
on kudzu and alfalfa in Chambers, Lee and Dallas Counties. (Grimes, Guyton,
Hays). VIRGINIA -Continues to damage late soybean foliage in eastern area.
(Morris et al.). DELAWARE - Principal current defoliator of soybeans and alfalfa’
in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Relatively
scarce on alfalfa compared with usual numbers this time of year. (Guyton).

SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEVADA - Moderate damage in Las Vegas
area, Clark County. (Bechtel, Oct. 4)

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSOURI - Two new infestations in
Pemiscot County, one in New Madrid. KENTUCKY - Four new infestations in Fulton
County. (PPC, Cent. Reg. Sept. Rept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage apparently
much more serious on soybeans in areas between Savannah and Santee Rivers than
north of the Santee. (Nettles et al., Sept. 25).

SITONA WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Relatively large numbers of all
stages of S. hispidula and S. flavescens under clovers at Kingston. Severe
feeding by adults on remaining foliage. (Stoner, Fitzpatrick, Wakefield).
DELAWARE - Adults of S. hispidula common in alfalfa several locations, southern
New Castle County and southward. (Milliron, Conrad).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ALABAMA - Light on alfalfa in Lee County.
(Guyton). DELAWARE — Some continued activity on soybeans in several areas of
Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - DELAWARE - Continues active on alfalfa
some locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

FRUIT INSECTS

ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO —- Bryobia praetiosa and Tetranychus mcdanieli continue
to buildup to heavy infestations in apple orchards during harvest in Rio Arriba,
Santa Fe, San Juan, Lincoln, Otero, Sandoval, Bernalillo and Valencia Counties.
(Durkin, Oct. 5). OREGON - Vasates cornutus abundant on peach foliage in Jackson
County causing silvery appearance of leaves and Eriophyes pyri still abundant in
blisters on leaves of pear trees with little migration to bud scales as of
October 9. (Gentner).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - MARYLAND - Heavy on cherry foliage at Cockeysville.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - RHODE ISLAND - Pupation increasing; expect
large numbers next spring in abandonded or neglected orchards at Kingston if there
is no appreciable winter kill. (Stoner).

- 825 -

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) — VIRGINIA - Considerable damage to apples
locally in Prince William County. (Rowell, Cox).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - No flies trapped since early
July. (PPC, West. Reg: , Sept. Rept.). MEXICO - No specimens taken in traps
operated in Baja California during September. (PPC, Mex. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - In the northeastern area,
inspections were made of 66,716 trees on 1,587 properties of which 228 were
infested on 42 properties. Infestations were found in municipios of Hidalgo
and Villagran, Tamaulipas; and at Linares, Hualahuises, Allende and northwest
of Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon. None were found at Neuvo Laredo and Mainero,
Tamaulipas, or at Monterrey and Buena Vista, Nuevo Leon. In western area,
inspections of 8,847 citrus trees on 347 properties in States of Sonora and
Baja California were negative. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Sept. Rept.).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - UTAH - Larvae abundant and maturing,
some leaving husks, in Ogden area. (Knowlton).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - FLORIDA - Larvae very severe; defoliating over
1000 pecan trees from Gainesville, Alachua County, to Pensacola, Escambia
County. (Tappan, Sept. 17).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) - CALIFORNIA - Infested as high as 60
percent of bean pods in Orange County fields. (USDA) .

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Reports indicate up to 15 percent of
lima bean pods damaged in Orange County. (USDA). COLORADO - Egg counts averaged
2 per 100 tomato leaves in Pueblo and Otero Counties on October 5. (Exp. Sta.).
DELAWARE —- Injurious to pumpkin-squash thoughout southern half of State and
destructive to peppers some places in Kent and Sussex Counties. Common on late
potatoes locally in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - ALABAMA - Numerous on pole beans in Lee
County. (Guyton).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - VIRGINIA - Identified from tomato field
in eastern area. (Hofmaster).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) -— DELAWARE - Infesting late potatoes locally
in Sussex County and common on pumpkin-squash in central Kent County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Numerous in injured and/or
diseased pepper fruits in central Kent and parts of Sussex County. (Milliron,
Conrad).

TORTOISE BEETLES - ALABAMA - Damage by Deloyala guttata and Metriona bicolor
prevalent in sweetpotatoes in Lee County. (Guyton).

STINKBUGS —- ALABAMA - Euschistus servus and Nezara viridula numerous on garden
crops in Lee County. (Guyton) .

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - MISSISSIPPI - Sweetpotatoes
infested with sweetpotato weevil received from Adams County on October 9.
(Hutchins).

SPOTTED GARDEN SLUG (Limax maximus) - DELAWARE - Numerous in pumpkin-squash field,
central Kent County. Destructive to squash and late cabbage some areas of New
Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 826 -

COLLARD PESTS - ALABAMA - Trichoplusia ni, Murgantia histrionica, Pieris rapae and
Hellula rogatalis numerous on collards in Lee County. (Guyton).

‘CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Numerous in southern area; damaging
cotton, lettuce, beans and cole crops. Considerable defoliation to beans in

Orange County and heavy infestations on cabbage and cauliflower. (USDA).

DELAWARE - Continues destructive to some cucurbits and crucifers in some areas of
New Castle and Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ALABAMA - Numerous on collards
and onions in Lee County. Guyton).

A NOCTUID (Zale lunata) — OREGON - Larvae feeding on blackberry foliage during
August. Det. S. E. Crumb. (Stephenson).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ILLINOIS - Infestations were present in Pulaski
and Alexander Counties and controls were applied. (111. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA -
Large numbers of adults on cotton in Lee County. (Guyton).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Damage moderate to heavy
in 4 cotton fields in southern Dona Ana County. Infestation not as heavy as 1956
and no spread reported. (Durkin, Oct. 5). MEXICO - Bloom and green boll
inspections indicate lightest infestations in several years in some eastern areas.
For example, in Juarez Chihuahua Valley in 1956 1.1 percent of blooms inspected
were infested while in 1957 0.3 percent were infested. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Sept.
Rept.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - NEW MEXICO - Active many fields in Dona Ana,
Eddy and Chaves Counties. Cotton lint stained many heavily infested fields.
(Durkin, Oct. 5). ALABAMA - Completely defoliated cotton in Lee and surrounding
counties. Considered beneficial this time of year. (Grimes, Guyton).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Estimated acreages showing
defoliation in northeastern area were as follows: Light - 1,310,000, medium -
707,000, and heavy - 272,000. Populations increased in northerly sections with
resultant defoliation more severe than in 1956, though generally there was a
decrease from 1956 populations, mostly in light feeding areas. (Northeastern
For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Bendroctonus terebrans) - Numerous in connection with
Ips attacks near New Bern and Rocky Mount, NORTH CAROLINA and most stumps and
bruised trees attacked in mountains near Clarksville, GEORGIA. Activity at low
level in FLORIDA. . (Southeastern For. Ins. & Dis. News., Sept. Rept.).

COLUMBIAN TIMBER BEETLE (Corthylus columbianus) - Yellow poplar apparently
suffering fewer attacks than previous years in Southeastern U. S. (Southeastern
For. Ins. & Dis. News., Sept. Rept.).

IPS BEETLES - An estimated one and one-quarter million board-feet of loblolly pine
were killed in 6 counties in eastern NORTH CAROLINA during late July and early
August and scattered mortality reported in Stanly County. Considerable loss
occurring in SOUTH CAROLINA east of Columbia. (Southeastern For. Ins. & Dis.
News., Sept. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA — About 30 Scotch and red pine trees killed

by Ips pini at Hyndman in BedfordCounty. Trees over 10 years old. Drought
conditions may be factor. (Udine).

- 827 -

BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Itonida balsamicola) - MAINE - Abundant many areas in eastern
area; heavy needle drop later in fall may affect Christmas tree market.
(Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - Activity and damage increasing in
Southeastern U. S. (Southeastern For. & Dis. News., Sept. Rept.).

PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) - OREGON - Adults appeared in large numbers
over Douglas-fir trees in late September in eastern Clackamas County. (Every)...

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) —- PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on ornamental white pines
in Mercer County. (Adams).

PINE LEAF APHID (Pineus pinifoliae) - MAINE - Populations noticeable in eastern
and western sections; injury to white pine not too prevalent, however. VERMONT -
Sharp drop in populations. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

SAWFLIES —- NEW YORK — Approximately 500 acres of aspen in Keene and Elizabethtown
moderately defoliated by Pontania sp. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

SCALE INSECTS - ALABAMA —- Icerya purchasi and Ceroplastes ceriferus not as
numerous in Auburn area as usual and Kermes galliformis and Lecanium quercifex
unusually light on water oaks in Lee County for time of year. Mealybugs heavy

on undersides of magnolia leaves in Lee County. (Guyton). FLORIDA - Eriococcus
azaleae averaged 10 per stem on 50 azalea at Pembrode, Polk County, (Snell,
Henderson, Sept. 26) and Fiorinia theae averaged 150 per leaf on 70 camellia at
Sanford, Seminole County. (Roberts,Sept. 30). PENNSYLVANIA - Twelve Scotch pine
trees heavily infested with Toumeyella numismaticum in 500 tree planting in
Centre County and 200 infested in planting in Beaver County. (Adams).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTHEASTERN STATES - Outbreak in
southern Appalachian Mountains continues, but infested areas grow smaller. Most
severe outbreak in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and extends more or less

in wedge shape to southwest and southeast. From January 1 to August 31 of 1957,
total of 35,200 trees have been killed in epidemic area. (Southeastern For. Ins. &
Dis. News., Sept. Rept.).

WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - CONNECTICUT - Serious many locations in
State. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) - NEW YORK - Defoliating |
scattered white spruces in St. Lawrence County. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept.,
@e@ib, 1) 6

A SPRUCE TIP MOTH (Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana) —- MAINE - Prevalent on spruce in
coastal areas and islands. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - NEW JERSEY — Heavy defoliation
reported at spots in Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland Counties. (Northeastern
For. Pest Rept., Oct. 1).

SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - ALABAMA - Causing severe damage to new shoots
of spirea in Lee County. (Guyton).

TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - OKLAHOMA —- Actively girdling elm in Stillwater
area. Not as heavy as in 1956. (Bieberdorf).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae
still quite active in dead and dying elms at Kingston. Expect considerable
development yet if fall temperature does not go too low. (Stoner).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - CONNECTICUT - Up to 90 percent
defoliation of small area in State. NEW YORK - Thirty acres on an island in Lake
George sprayed from air. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., OC 1) o

- 828 -

MAPLE LEAF CUTTER (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) - NEW YORK - Medium to heavy
defoliation on sugar maple at various location in northern area of State.

VERMONT — Expected defoliation of late July and early August did not occur,
Belated moderate to heavy defoliation appeared in Franklin and Washington Counties
but not considered very damaging to trees. (Northeastern For. Pest Rept., Oct. l).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - DELAWARE - Caused complete defoliation of
some trees locally in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA - Counts on untreated herd of cattle in
Montgomery County averaged 126 per head. (Hargett).

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Level of populations remains low with generally light
but scattered appearance of Culiseta spp., principally Culiseta inornata, in
all areas except the San Joaquin Valley. Aedes migromaculus still prevalent in
San Joaquin Valley and parts of Sacramento Valley, but generally in small
numbers. (Bur. of Vector Cont.).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - Causing severe damage to sheep in
Wilcox County. (Hays).

TABANIDS -— ALABAMA - Tabanus sulcifrons moderate on cattle in Wilcox County.
(Hays).

BLACK FLIES - UTAH - Abundant and annoying in parts of Logan Canyon. (Knowlton).

CRAB LOUSE (Phthirus pubis) - MARYLAND — Taken from human in Baltimore. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

BROWN BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - UTAH - Infesting number of homes
and apartments at Logan. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Infesting home in Baltimore.
(UE Md... ent. Dept.) .

BENEFICIAL INSECTS
HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - CALIFORNIA - Fall rains ended honeydew collections

from oaks in northern Sacramento Valley. A good honeyflow from this source in
Glenn, Tehama and Shasta Gounties. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PARASITES - CALIFORNIA — Pupae of western grape leaf skeletonizer infesting vine-
yard in El Cajon, San Diego County, show 63.3 percent parasitism by imported
parasites. Both Sturmia harrisinae and Apanteles harrisinae active. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED GRAIN PESTS - TEXAS - Three bins of milo grains in Robertson County infested
with rice weevil, Angoumois grain moth, Indian-meal moth, saw-toothed grain beetle
and confused flour beetle. (Gaines). NORTH DAKOTA - Numerous infestations of
branbugs, psocids and mites associated with high moisture content in stored

grains. Considerable fumigation of farm stored grain being done. Poor control

of mites and psocids with fumigants reported. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). ALABAMA -

Red flour beetle, slender-horned flour beetle (Gnathocerus maxillosus) and square-
necked grain beetle caused light damage to stored grain in Lee County. (Guyton).
PENNSYLVANIA — Light infestation of cadelle in stored wheat in Mercer County.
(Adams) .

- 829 -

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA -— Two new infestations on rice
and feed in Niland, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). MEXICO - Inspections
negative during September. (PPC, Mex. Reg.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Annoying homeowners in Charles
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA -— Abundant in some houses in
Cumberland County and heavy in home in Juniata County. (Pepper, Udine).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - PENNSYLVANIA — Beginning to enter homes in York
County. (Pepper). e ri

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage to
Barre in Edgefield County. First record in county. (Nettles). Det. M. R.
Smith.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

OKLAHOMA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHIDS range from 100-200 per 10 sweeps in Kiowa County
and are very light in northeastern area, 7-60 per 10 sweeps. Counts of adult
GRASSHOPPERS 0-3 per square yard in range areas of eastern counties. Most
abundant were Melanoplus spp., Syrbula sp. and Ageneotettix deorum, with roadside
populations slightly higher in this area. Extensive marginal feeding to newly
planted wheat continues in panhandle with damage in some fields extending inward
100 yards. Baiting program continuing. FALL ARMYWORM infesting small grains in
Bixby area; 0-7 early instars per linear foot of row. Damage light but could
become serious in near future. Damage severe many fields late planted corn all
areas of State, with heavy tunnelling in stalks, shanks and ears. Also common in
very late sorghum whorls. CORN EARWORM lightly damaging milo in Ottawa County;
0-7 larvae per head. Approximately 5 percent of corn stalks infested in one field
in Ottawa County with EUROPEAN CORN BORER. One larva collected from peppers at
Bixby. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER infesting O-9 percent of corn stalks in Ottawa

and Craig Counties with heaviest infestation in late corn. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID
infestations in fall-seeded small grains in Tulsa and Ottawa Counties run from

0-4 per linear foot of row. TARNISHED PLANT BUG adults 3-12 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa in northeastern counties and THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER common in
alfalfa throughout the State with 12-25 per 10 sweeps in northeast. An occasional
APPLE GRAIN APHID in winter wheat in Tulsa County and CORN LEAF APHID remains
light in few fields of late sorghum in northeastern counties. SPIDER MITES common
in cotton in Webber Falls area. (Coppock et al.).

MINNESOTA - AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH found in greenhouse in St. Paul. Unusual record
for State. HACKBERRY PSYLLID a problem to householders in and around Twin Cities

area. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

ounties
De Kalb 10/5, 8, 10
Lee 10/5, 8, 10

Baldwin 10/3, 4
ARKANSAS
Hope 9/5-10

Stuttgart 9/26-10/2

Fayetteville 9/28-10/4
COLORADO (Counties)

Yuma 9/27, 29, 30

Washington 9/27-29

Weld 9/27

Mesa 9/18-20
FLORIDA

Gainesville 10/10

Monticello 10/3

Quincy 10/7

Sanford 10/3
ILLINOIS

Urbana 10/3-9
MARYLAND (Counties)

Montgomery 10/4-10

Wicomico 10/1-6
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Cheyenne 9/26-30

Box Butte 9/25-28

Lincoln 9/26-10/2

Perkins 9/25-10/1

Scotts Bluff
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Florence 10/5-11

Charleston 9/30-10/6

Oconee 10/5-11
TEXAS

Brownsville 10/2-5

Waco 10/5-11
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Madison 10/1-7

Robertson

Cumberland

Knox

Greene

Blount

Johnson

Maury

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Anticar. Laphyg. Heliothis
frug.

unip.

10

yps.

11

10
3

iS)
PRNOP

52

- 830 -

orn.

gemm.
42

2

148
182

52

Protoparce

zea vires. sexta quin.

7
6

14

o or
ro} ie}

ed ee

P| RPO wrw

- 831 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

COTTON PLANT BUG (Horcias nobilellus (Berg))

Economic Importance: This pest has caused serious injury to cotton over a wide
area of Sao Paulo, Brazil since 1936. Destruction of as much as 40 percent of the
crop has been reported and the increase of mirids, especially H. nobilellus, in
recent years has raised losses from insects on untreated cotton from 40 to 70
percent. Losses from H. nobilellus in Sao Paulo in 1941-42 were estimated at
around $2,000,000. Infestations cause excessive shedding of squares and small
bolls and reduction of lateral branches. It is said that this species is more
destructive to cotton than the cotton fleahopper.

Damaged Cotton Bolls Plant Defoliated to Show Abnormal
Growth and Loss of Bolls

Distribution: Brazil, Argentina.

General Distribution of Horcias nobilettus

Miridae, Hemiptera

- 832 -
Hosts: Feeds on many plants but prefers cotton and other Malvaceae.

Life History and Habits: Reproduction is continuous throughout the summer with
no distinct generations. The insect overwinters in the egg stage. Adults live
from 15 to 30 days. Eggs are deposited in tender plant tissues in punctures made
by the ovipositor. As many as 130 eggs may be laid by a single female over a
period of 20 days. The eggs hatch in about 12 days and nymphs, passing through

5 instars, develop in about 15 days. An average life cycle involves around 27
days. Infestations increase in intensity during the season resulting in late-
planted cotton being more seriously attacked. Dispersal of populations is
accomplished through flight. Nymphs and adults are active feeders on terminals,
squares, blossoms and immature bolls.

Description: Adult brilliant colored, 5 mm. by 2 mm. or about the size of the
tarnished plant bug. Eyes red. Front of head, thorax and part of the
corium ochreous. Remainder of hemelytra mostly brownish-red. Scutellum varies
from pale to brillant yellow with central part brownish-red. Ventral surface
pale yellow or ochreous with irregular reddish spots. Nymph has light tan head
with red, prominent eyes. Prothorax greenish yellow, mesothorax dark red or
brown, metathorax yellowish-brown. Ventral surface of thorax greenish. First
and second abdominal segments greenish, third and fourth reddish with reddish
dorsal line extending posteriorly and widening into an inverted "Y". (Prepared
in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)

CEIR 7(42) 10-18-57

Adult and Nymphs of Horcias nobilellus

Figures of damage from Hambleton, E. J. 1938. Inst. Biologico Arq. 9(9): 85-96.

Figures of insect from Sauer, H. F. G. 1942. Inst. Biologico Arq. 13(6) :29-66.

ose

y
\
N
y

Y
N
\
¥
.

A of 150N

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION e
PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION = Qe

y . : ag = a
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued ; —
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents =
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

ares, yo

Samet
1 i ts

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release Ron: 738 AS
should be mailed to: =e
Plant Pest Survey Section =” . i
Plant Pest Control Division 3 Tag a
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 October 25, 1957 Number 43

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

LONGHORN GRASSHOPPERS damaging late rice in some Louisiana parishes. (p. 835)

FALL ARMYWORM causing considerable damage in wheat in Mitchell and Osborne Counties,
Kansas. Large populations in sorghum and corn in south central Kansas. (p. 835).

Survey shows unusually high population of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG adults in Ohio legume
fields. (p. 836).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID heavy in New Mexico. (p. 837).

No WALNUT HUSK FLY taken in Oregon trapping survey. (p. 838).

CABBAGE LOOPER remains serious in eastern Virginia. Troublesome on cauliflower
in Orange County, California,and on lettuce in New Mexico. (p. 839).

WHITE PINE APHID unusually abundant on white pine in Indiana. (p. 840).

SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN BEETLE numerous in corn in Louisiana. (p. 840).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 843).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 841).

FOO IO IC III I I I aK ak ack

Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 18 unless otherwise designated

- 834 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-OCTOBER TO MID-NOVEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-October to mid-
November calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the
southwestern quarter of the nation and also along the Gulf Coast. Prevailingly
above normal temperatures are predicted for the Atlantic Coast States, the Ohio
Valley, and the Great Lakes Region. In unspecified areas about normal temper-
atures are in prospect. Precipitation amounts are expected to exceed normal
over most of the country except for subnormal amounts in the Pacific Northwest
and near normal over the Northeast and Western Plateau.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook",
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40

a half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 21

The week was abnormally cool with widespread precipitation. Unseasonably cool
weather continued for the second consecutive week in the Great Plains and for the
third consecutive week in most of the eastern and western portions of the country,
with temperatures for the week averaging as much as 6° below normal in Texas and
the Great Basin of the Far West. Freezing, without serious damage, was general
over interior areas of the northern half of the country, occurring at many points
for the first time this season.

Widespread light to moderate to locally heavy rainfall with some snow in many
mountain areas in the course of the week, either maintained or restored ample soil
moisture, and generally benefited pastures and other fall-sown crops, but delayed
harvesting somewhat and helped keep the moisture content of corn too high for safe
cribbing in most of the Corn Belt.

Rains fell over most of the Far West and Great Plains on the 14th, all of the
Mississippi Basin on the 15th and 16th, over most areas east of the Mississippi

on the 17th, continuing in the Northeast until the end of the period. Rains which.
began again in the western Great Plains on the 17th and continued to the end of the
period, spread into the northern Rockies on the 19th, and on the 20th were falling
over most of California and all the Rocky Mountain States except Idaho.

Rainfall for the week totaled over 1/2 inch in most areas east of the Continental
Divide, and over an inch in Texas, the central and lower Mississippi Basin, and a
considerable portion of the Northeast.

The week's heaviest rains occurred in Texas where totals ranging up to more than
10 inches caused further flooding in central and eastern portions. In this State
rain and muddy fields held up work all week, except in the dry western portions
where heavy rains did not occur until the last 2 days of the period. The moisture
situation is generally good throughout the Southwest except for excessive amounts
in parts of Texas.

The Northeast was further benefited by rains on the 17th, 18th, and 19th. Amounts
in most of the area ranged from 1/2 to over an inch. In New England, the forest
fire hazard is now low, the soil is moist enough to plow, and water shortages

are less acute.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 835 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - NEBRASKA - Conditions for egg laying have been ideal with most
deposition now nearly complete with exception of few remaining Melanoplus femur-
rubrum and some early hatching second-generation M. bilituratus. Adult activity
greatly curtailed past 2 weeks by cool wet weather. (Bell). SOUTH DAKOTA -— Egg
surveys in southeastern area show most regions range from light to non-economic,
although few localities in Union County and one in Hanson County threatening.
Egg laying continuing some areas with grasshopper counts up to 7 per square yard
some alfalfa fields. Dominant species depositing eggs M. femur-rubrum.
(Hantsbarger). LOUISIANA - Neoconocephalus sp. and several other species of
longhorned grasshoppers severely damaging late rice in Acadia, Jefferson Davis,
Cameron and Calcasieu Parishes. Damaging rice in "boot" stage resulting in
deformed heads. Some localized areas in fields in Vinton area of Calcasieu
Parish about 90 percent damaged, with about 85 grasshoppers per 100 sweeps.
(Oliver, Oct. 11).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Fall abundance survey in
Nemaha County showed average of 45.5 borers per 100 plants with average percent
infestation 23.5 percent. (Matthew). NEBRASKA —- Percent infestation and borers
per 100 stalks in fall abundance survey was 65 and 135.4 in southeast, 91.79 and
318.75 in east central, and in partially completed northeast, 96.33 and 691.91.
(Andersen, Oct. 12). SOUTH DAKOTA - Fall surveys in southeast and east central
districts show increase in populations over 1956. In southeast, infestation
averaged 97 percent with average of 573 borers per 100 plants and in east central,
infestation averaged 92 percent with average of 428 borers per 100 plants.
(Hantsbarger). ALABAMA - Found in Tuscaloosa and Fayette Counties for first time.
(Grimes). DELAWARE - Continues numerous in ears and stalks of late field corn,
one area in southern New Castle County, and one field in central Kent County.
(Milliron, Conrad).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Larvae caused considerable damage
to wheat fields in Mitchell and Osborne Counties. Some earlier planted fields
destroyed and require reseeding. (Harvey). NEBRASKA - Large populations in
corn and sorghum fields in south central counties. From 90 to 95 percent of
corn plants in area infested with as high as 8 larvae per plant. Larvae vary
from half-grown to nearly mature. (Andersen). LOUISIANA - Populations light

in oats in West Feliciana, East Feliciana and East Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver,
Oct. 11). VIRGINIA - Light some rye fields in Culpeper County. Threat to rye
apparently almost gone. (Heltzel). Occasional larva in southwestern area corn
fields. (Morris). DELAWARE - Small larvae continue to infest cereals, Kent and
Sussex Counties. All instars common in late field corn, southern New Castle and
northern Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Young larvae in all north central and
northwestern alfalfa fields. Numbers light, 2-4 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).
DELAWARE — Small larvae common in alfalfa several places in New Castle County.
Destroying ears of late field corn locally in southern New Castle and central
Kent Counties. Continues active on soybeans generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Numerous on grain sorghum in
Lee County. (Guyton). DELAWARE - Common on rye and wheat generally. (Milliron,
Conrad).

DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - KANSAS - Causing extensive damage some wheat
fields in Wichita County. Some spraying anticipated in area. (Depew). Taken
from both milo and wheat in Wichita County area. (Gates).

WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - KANSAS - Apparently no mites on newly emerged
wheat in fields in 12 southeast counties; however, mites found in few uncultivated

volunteer fields. (Matthew).

- 836 -

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Estimated 10 percent
of corn infested in Lee County. (Guyton).

SOD WEBWORM - LOUISIANA - Damaging numbers remain in lawns in Baton Rouge area.

(Oliver, Oct. 11). Damaging numbers of Pachyzancla phaeopteralis remain on
lawns in East Baton Rouge, Iberville, Ascension, Assumption, Livingston, West
Feliciana and West Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Populations light in rice fields in
Acadia and Calcasieu Parishes. Counts 10-20 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver, Oct. 11).

A PLANT BUG (Trigonotylus brevipes) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous numbers occur locally
on wheat in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval damage to Bermuda
grass heavy in Calhoun and Allendale Counties. (Nettles et al.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Inspection showed 700 acres
infested at Barin Field, south Baldwin County. TENNESSEE - One infestation on
vacant lot in Bolivar, Hardeman County. MISSISSIPPI - Slight extensions in
infested areas of Clarke and Jasper Counties. GEORGIA - Several new infestations:
one in Clayton County, one in Fulton, one in Washington and one in Houston.
Extension of previously known infestations in Lamar, Troup and Bibb. Extensions
also in two SOUTH CAROLINA and four NORTH CAROLINA counties. (PPC, So. Reg.,
Sept. Rept.). NEW JERSEY - Intensive scouting by New Jersey State personnel
continued until middle of September in the Cumberland County area but results

were negative. (PPC, East. Reg., Sept. Rept.).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Heavy infestation on oats in Elmore County. Entire field
brownish, (Guyton). DELAWARE - Macrosiphum granarium occurs on rye and wheat
some locations southern half of State. (Milliron, Conrad).

Fall Survey of Meadow Spittlebug (Philaenus leucophthalmus) in Ohio

A survey of adult meadow spittlebug infestation was made during the first two
weeks in September. The general pattern of sampling was similar to that in 1955
(See CEIR 5(42):973). Infestation levels are the highest ever recorded in the 6
years that similar surveys have been made. Every region sampled, except the old
lake bed region, had many more adults than are necessary to produce an economic
infestation next year (1 adult per sweep). The old lake bed region (west edge
of Lake Erie) has never shown economic infestations; however, this year they
approach an economic level (.83 adults per sweep). Barring extremely unusual
dry conditions during the winter and early spring, the problem will be the
severest ever experienced. A summary of the adult spittlebugs per sweep in the
various regions sampled from 1954-57 follows:

Location -- Counties 1954 1955 1956 1957
Lake bed (Ottawa-Sandusky) 0.13 0.06 == 0.83
Northwest (Wood-Seneca-Hancock) 0.41 0.41 0.62 3.64
North central (Lorain) 0.57 0.43 1.40 1.47
Northeast (Trumbull-Mahoning-Portage) 2.51 0.98 2.14 4.57
Northeast central (Wayne-Medina-Holmes) 2.79 1.60 2.05 2.77
Central (Franklin-Delaware-Licking-Fairfield) On72 0.98 1.48 7.46
South central (Ross-Pickaway) 0.20 0.56 == 3.08
Southwest (Greene-Clark-Fayette-Clinton) 0.71 els ON95 3.33

(Weaver, Goleman).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Populations remain with counts of
100 to 120 per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Averaged
6-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (Fenton).

ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) - DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa,-one place in
New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 837 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in alfalfa
areas in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). ARIZONA - Increasing in old
stands of alfalfa in Pinal County. Control applied on 215 acres. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept., Oct. 7). KANSAS - Generally light infestations most fields north central,
central and southeastern counties. Populations in few fields in southeast corner
of State ranged to 300 per sweep. Elsewhere counts ranged from 7-40 per sweep.
Predators numerous all heavy infested fields. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - Counts in
Republican Valley range from 1520 to 1640 per 100 sweeps. Some damage noted in
fields. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Slight increase in numbers in Garfield and
Kingfisher Counties, northwest, and Logan County, north central. Counts ranged
from 30-100 per 10 sweeps. Higher numbers in alfalfa with recent growth.
(Coppock). Populations increasing in Payne County. Counts show increase from
4.5 to 19.5 times greater than 4 weeks earlier. (Bieberdorf, Oct. 8). NEW
MEXICO - Generally light and spotty over State. Medium to heavy but spotty on
seedling alfalfa in Dona Ana County. (Durkin).

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - Readily found on roadside
red clover in Canyon, Gem and Payette Counties. (Waters). OKLAHOMA - Averaged
6-10 per 100 sweeps. (Fenton).

CATERPILLARS - OKLAHOMA - Plathypena scabra and loopers averaged 1-3 and 3-5 per
10 sweeps respectively in scattered fields of north central and central counties.
(Coppock). DELAWARE - Trichoplusia ni common on soybeans some locations in

Sussex County and on alfalfa one place in New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging to alfalfa in
Grand Island, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Counts building
up some in Republican Valley, ranging from 180 to 380 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).
DELAWARE - Common to moderately abundant on alfalfa several places in New Castle
County. (Milliron).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage quite
noticeable to soybeans in parts of Calhoun, Orangeburg, and Hampton Counties
during September. (Nettles, et al.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Populations average 60 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa fields left for seed in Republican Valley. (Andersen).
OKLAHOMA - Common in alfalfa throughout State with heavier numbers in southern
half. (Coppock). L. lineolaris and Spissistilus festinus averaged 6-10 per 100
sweeps. (Fenton).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations
on alfalfa in Spalding County. Counts 2700 per 100 sweeps. (Tippins, Oct. 7).
OKLAHOMA - Lygus lineolaris and S. festinus averaged 6-10 per 100 sweeps. (Fenton).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 60 per
square foot of vine on velvetbean at Quincy, Gadsden County. (Tappan, Aug. 29).
VIRGINIA —- Still causing extensive damage to late varieties of soybeans in
eastern area October 11. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). Damaging peanuts
locally in Prince George, Oct. 5, and Nansemond Counties. (Matheny, Rowell).
DELAWARE - Continues active on soybeans several places in Kent and Sussex
Counties, and on alfalfa some areas of New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basquella) - OKLAHOMA - Remains in moderate
numbers. (Walton).

FRUIT INSECTS

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy many orchards in
Rio Arriba, Bernalillo, Valencia and Lincoln Counties. (Durkin).

- 838 -

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OREGON - Trapping during season in
Salem and Portland areas resulted in recovery of 177 adults. Fifteen premises
now known to be infested with number of moths from any one property ranging
from 1 to 57. No infested fruit found or reported. (Capizzi).

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in drought-stricken
deciduous fruit trees in El Cajon area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - Of 126 groves surveyed
during September, 16 were found infested for first time. (PPC, So. Reg.).

A JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis texana) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging soft fruits in Vista area
of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - No new infestations
found since September 17. H. Denmark).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - OREGON - Trapping in Willamette Valley
terminated for 1957. A total of 120 sticky-board traps were placed at random
throughout walnut-growing area of valley during August and September. No flies
were recovered. (Capizzi).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - VIRGINIA -Continues to infest beans where not
properly controlled and boring into unprotected late tomatoes in Norfolk area.
(Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ALABAMA - Moderate numbers on volunteer
field peas in Lee County. Guyton).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Populations decreasing on
beans in Norfolk area. Many adults probably going into hibernation. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster).

SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM - SOUTH CAROLINA - Rains reducing number of adults in
Charleston area October 6. (Reid).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light infestation
on turnips and Chinese cabbage in Spalding County. (Beckham).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Common in stalks of late
potatoes, central Kent County. Continues activity in pepper fruits throughout
the southern half of State. (Milliron, Conrad).

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - NEW YORK - Examination of samples
collected last spring in eastern Suffolk County failed to show any new infestations
in the eastern Long Island area. (PPC, East. Reg., Sept. Rept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Very few on spinach foliage.
(Walton).

ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - DELAWARE - Light to heavy injury to
asparagus ferns throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Few Diabrotica balteata taken in sweepings in Lee
County. (Guyton). DELAWARE - Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi attacking pumpkin-
squash and turnip locally in Sussex County and on asparagus locally in New Castle
County. Acalymma vittata destructive to squash and pumpkin in Sussex County.
(Milliron, Conrad).

—_——

- 839 -

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) -— DELAWARE - Common in squash one place,
southwestern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - DELAWARE - Common in squash one planting in
southwestern Sussex County. (Mfilliron, Conrad).

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Common on okra in Lee County.
(Guyton).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium and general on cauliflower’
in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). VIRGINIA- Remains serious on crucifers in
eastern area (October 11) and difficult to control on broccoli due in part to
insecticidal hazards. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). NEW MEXICO - Light to
medium on lettuce in Dona Ana, Eddy and Bernalillo Counties. Most growers
controlling infestation with damage light most fields. (Durkin).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) -— OKLAHOMA - Populations low on spinach,
averaging 12 larvae per 100 plants. (Walton).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Bloom inspection in 4 fields
in Lake County showed no infestation. Gin trash inspection in Santa Rosa County
also negative. GEORGIA - Gin trash inspection in 41 counties and lint cleaner
inspections in 19 counties showed no pink bollworm. TEXAS - Heavy infestation
developing in late planted fields in Winter Garden section. (PPC, So. Reg. Sept.
Rept.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - NEW MEXICO —Remains in cotton fields most
cotton areas. Adults numerous at lights. (Durkin).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Increasing on cotton in
Pinal County, many tops of plants defoliated. (Ariz. Coop. RINGS 5 OCs. 77) 6

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Continued high
populations on cotton in Pinal County; little or no control applied. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept., Oct. 7).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium and spotty in Dona
Ana and Luna Counties. Damage to lint from honeydew spotty. (Durkin).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus telarius, T. desertorum) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy and spotty
in cotton in Dona Ana County. No damage apparent. (Durkin).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA —- Counts on herd of untreated cattle in
Montgomery County averaged 58.5 per animal on October 15. Frost during early
part of week caused considerable reduction in population. (Hargett). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 50-100 on untreated animals. (Howell).

STABLE FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Populations in north central area much lower than in
previous weeks. Counts average less than 2 per animal. (Howell).

MOSQUITOES —- CALIFORNIA —- Aedes nigromaculis continues generally prevalent in
San Joaquin Valley and parts of Sacramento Valley in small numbers and Anopheles
freeborni continues numerous in parts of Sacramento Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

A PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge bissesa) - ARIZONA - Reported from San Manuel area,
Pinal County. Some children stung. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

- 840 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - INDIANA - Abundant on white pine in
Indianapolis area, (Schuder) .

BAGWORMS - ARKANSAS - Rather heavy infestations in localized areas on cedar in
Boone County area. (Ark. For. Comm. Oct. 1).

IPS BEETLES -— ARKANSAS - Apparently slight drop in activity at end of September
but presence very noticeable and potentially serious. (Ark. For. Comm.).

PINE BARK BEETLES - VIRGINIA — Activity showed tendency to increase sharply in
several areas of State during September with other areas fairly static; mainly
Ips but Dendroctonus frontalis killed scattered groups of trees. (Morris).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA —- High numbers on 83 acres of roses in commercial planting
in Pinal County. Chemically controlled. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). MARYLAND - Eggs
abundant on boxwood tree at Cambridge. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APHIDS - IDAHO - Becoming very numerous on late vegetables, flowers and ornamentals
at Parma. Sudden increase and rapid buildup apparently caused by release of
parasite-predator pressure due to cooler weather. (Waters). ARIZONA - Increasing
on commercial and home plantings of roses in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
INDIANA - Cinara strobi unusually abundant on white pine throughout State. Egg
deposition heavy. (Schuder).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - IDAHO — Migrating forms dense around elms
at Parma. (Waters).

SCALES - MARYLAND - Chrysomphalus obscurus heavy on oaks at Aberdeen, Unaspis
euonymi heavy on euonymus in Baltimore and Montgomery Counties and Phenacaspis
Pinifoliae moderate on pines in Baltimore and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

A TREEHOPPER (Platycotis vittata) - OREGON - Large numbers of nymphs on deciduous
trees in Grants Pass, October 10. (Hamon).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - FLORIDA - Inspections to date negative.
(H. Denmark). During September, one location inspected in Terrell County,
GEORGIA; two in MISSISSIPPI. Also five counties in TEXAS were surveyed. All
results negative. (PPC, So. Reg.).

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - LOUISIANA - Populations heavy in corn harvested
in Livingston Parish. (Oliver). i

SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN BEETLE (Cathartus quadricollis) - LOUISIANA - Large numbers
infesting corn over State. (Oliver).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA —- Populations in Republican Valley remain high. Counts per
100 sweeps are nabids-180, Orius-80, Chrysopa-160, and lady beetles-320.
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Lacewings and Collops much more numerous than usual for
time of year. (Fenton).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - CALIFORNIA - All colonies in San Diego County have
good winter stores and young bees in quantity. Number of colonies moved into
Antelope Valley of Los Angeles County increased past several years. Colonies left
in valley over winter increasing due to crowded conditions in areas south of the
Tehachapi mountains. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

= fal &

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Infestations
scattered over 10 square miles in Lutz area, Hillsborough County. Additional
scattered infestations in southeast residential area of Jacksonville, Duval
County. (H. Denmark). Indications infestations heavy in Escambia and Santa

Rosa Counties. ALABAMA - New mounds appearing in infested area; infestations

may be as great or probably greater than last year. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rept.).

MILLIPEDES - MARYLAND - Heavy infestations in homes in Baltimore and Montgomery
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

MINNESOTA - Populations of EUROPEAN CORN BORER high in important corn areas of
State. Second generation appears as high as expected with extensive shank
tunneling. Majority of borers in 4th and 5th instars with few in 2nd and 3rd
instars. Apparently losses will be higher than in 1956. During GRASSHOPPER
egg survey, predators as a rule were low, though hairworms were quite common in
Washington County and a fungus disease was unusually high in Melanoplus femur-
rubrum. Egg counts of FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR were high in northeast Carlton
and south central Saint Louis Counties. A NOCTUID was extremely abundant in
harvested wild rice in all areas where wild rice occurs. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

- 842 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Anticar. Laphyg. Heliothis Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. gemn. frug. zea vires. sexta quin.
ALABAMA (Counties -
Baldwin 10/10-11 10 4 3 il 5
De Kalb 10/12, 15, 17 130 5 40
Lee 10/12, 15, 17 123 27 125 39 38
ARKANSAS
Stuttgart 10/4-9 2
Fayetteville 24 18 59
FLORIDA
Monticello 10/15 2 3 3
GEORGIA (County)
Tift 10/5-11 16 3 1 7 1 il 1 1
ILLINOIS
Urbana 10/10-16 ilr/ 13 2 1 Dt
KANSAS
Manhattan 10/13-17 5 6 4 118
Hays 10/2-11 57 98 326
Garden City 10/9-15 12 20 230
Goodland 10/1-10 16 16 560
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge 10/5-18 64 8 30 198 72 78 32
Franklin 10/1-9 104 16 36 270 36 4
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 10/11-16 2 1 2
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Box Butte 9/29-10/13 79 95 3 47 1908
Cheyenne 10/1-8 5 3
Lincoln 10/3-9 413 209 88 405 2298 5
Perkins 10/2-13 321 37 23 65 1233 1
Scotts Bluff 10/7-13 ail 9 i)
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 10/7-13 23 18 4 20 6 9 1
Florence 10/12-18 IGA 13 9 103 44 312
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 10/3-14 8 2 2 6 sil
Maury 12 1 15 1
Robertson 10 i 39 at
Cumberland 13 4 2 10
Knox 40 4 4 20
Greene 8 il al 26 a
Blount 8 d 2 20 a
Johnson 27 15 16 3
TEXAS

Waco 10/12-18 182 56 328

- 843 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

TURNIP GALL WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma (Marsham) )

Economic Importance: This pest frequently causes considerable losses in crucifers
in Europe including the British Isles. Severe infestations were reported in

Wales in the mid-thirties. The larvae, which cause the major damage, attack the
roots retarding growth and inducing gall formation. In heavy infestations as
many as 40 larvae and 5 to 10 galls per cabbage plant have been recorded on 80

to 100 percent of the crop. The leaf-feeding adults cause only slight damage in
the spring and fall. C. pleurostigma larvae are frequently intercepted in turnips
from Europe at U. S. ports of entry.

Turnip Gall Weevil Damage

Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Europe.

180" __160"_140"_120" 100" 80" 60" __40"
T imma

FAA

General Distribution of Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma

Coleoptera, Curculionidae

Figures: . Adult, adult damage to leaf and larva from Pietri-Tonelli, P. de. 1950.
Redia 35:85-128. Larval damage from Frickhinger, H. W. 1955. Leitfaden der
Schadlingsbekampfung. Stuttgart, 505 pp. and from Rostrup. S. and Thomsen, M.
1931. Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbaues. Berlin, 367 pp.

- 844 -

Hosts: Most cultivated crucifers including cauliflower, rutabaga, kale, horse-
radish, radish, mustard, turnip, broccoli, brussels sprouts and cabbage. Charlock
is a favorite wild food plant.

Life History and Habits: Observations at Venice, Italy show life history as
follows. Adults emerge from soil at beginning of May, feed on wild and cultivated
crucifers and disappear in soil crevices and under debris by end of month. They
are not found again on plants until September when they resume feeding, mate and
begin laying eggs singly in the collar and underground parts of the stems.
Hatching occurs in 5 to 6 days and the larval feeding produces gall formations
which are enlarged as growth procedes. Several galls may be united into on large
protuberance. After cessation of activity from December to February, the larvae
feed again then leave the galls to pupate in earthen cells about 2 inches below
the soil surface. Pupation lasts about 15 days. There is only one generation

a year in the Venice area.

Description: Egg oval, almost transparent, 0.35 mm. by 0.25 mm. Larvae typically
curculionid in form, whitish and when mature about 4 mm. long. Head is small

and well-exserted; mouth parts hypognathous. The three thoracic and ten

abdominal segments are distinct, the last being minute. There is a lateral row
of tubercules on each segment, very pronounced on last segment; none on the
prothorax. Few spines over body, most prominent on basal prothorax and lateral
tubercules. Pupa is uniformly white and measures 3.7 mm. in length and 2.5 mn.

in width. Adult, oblong-ovate, convex. Brownish-black, shiny, above sparsely
clothed with yellowish to brown hair-like scales; beneath thickly clothed with

tan plumose scales, very dense on mesepimeron. Beak slender, longer than thorax,
striate on basal half. Antennae seven segmented with first to fourth segments
elongate. Prothorax deeply constricted near apex, disc densely, coarsely
punctate, dorsal channel entire, more deeply impressed near apex and base.

Elytra striae fine, deep, punctured, each puncture with yellowish plumose scale;
intervals wider, flat, rugose, with two-three rows of fine brownish hairs.

Femur with small acute tooth, claws with long tooth. Male with large oval
impression on last ventral segment. Length 2.5 to 2.7 mm. (Prepared in Plant
Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies). CEIR 7 (43) 10-25-57

Larva and Adult of Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma

~ 5

- \ ”
fe mete
ein WRITER Cech)

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 November 1, 1957 Number 44

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions
WHEAT CURL MITE prevalent on volunteer wheat in Kansas. (p. 848).
GREENBUG active in oats in Alabama. (p. 848).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM caused heavy damage to peanuts in Caddo and Payne Counties,
Oklahoma, (p.848).

No MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES trapped in Florida since middle of September.
(p. 849).

EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID overwintering population heavy in eastern Pennsylvania.
(p. 851).

A TERMITE (Kalotermes approximatus) reported from Texas for first time. (p. 853)

SCREW-WORM continues active in Oklahoma and North Carolina ( p. 852).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 855).
Map showing spread of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE in eastern United States. (p. 850).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 854).

FEE EERE EEEEEEPEEEEEEPEEEEEE EET

Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 25 unless otherwise
designated.

- 846 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 28

An unseasonably cold air mass, which on Saturday virtually covered the North
American Continent, captured the attention of the Nation this week. The wintry
blast of northerly air not only brought this season's coldest weather to most
sections east of the Divide, but in the South, from Oklahoma and Texas eastward
to the Atlantic coast, was also responsible for numerous record minimum tem-
peratures being equalled or exceeded so early in the season. Light snow flurries
and combinations of rain and snow, many the first of this autumn, preceded and
accompanied this air mass in the northern and central Plains, the Great Lakes
region, and from higher elevations in the central Appalachians to lower elevations
in the Northeast. Rain and snow were recorded as far south as Amarillo, Tex.;
the earliest snowfalls on record were reported in some central locations of
Oklahoma; and at Chicago, I1l., a 2-to-5-inch fall was observed on the 26th, and
5-to-7-inch falls in parts of northeastern Ohio on the 27th.

A subzero temperature reading was observed in northwestern North Dakota on the
25th, while subfreezing minima were recorded on one or more days at some locations
in all states, with coastal sections, the lower extremities of the southern tier

of states, and other protected localities being the main exceptions. Beginning

on the 27th in the central sections and continuing through the 29th in the East,
some of the lower readings observed in the Far South were 28° at Waco, Tex.,

and Jackson and Meridian, Miss.; 32° at Austin, Tex., Mobile, Ala., Savannah, Ga.,
and Charleston, S.C., and 35° at San Antonio, Tex., and Tallahassee, Fla. Reports
of light freeze damage were received from many sections, and of first hard freezes
from the central Plains and middle Mississippi Valley areas.

Although unseasonably warm temperatures were observed in eastern portions of the
country early in the week and over the Plains States near the end of the period,
resulting anomalies were generally below normal, with the greatest departure ,-15°
being observed in north-central Montana, and-9° or lower common throughout the
Great Plains. Weekly averages were near to above normal by 5° in California,
western Nevada, and southwestern Oregon.

A low pressure disturbance, which developed over the South Central States on
Wednesday and moved northeastward over the Lakes region and New England, was
responsible for the moderate to heavy weekly precipitation totals generally
observed this week in these and adjoining areas. Moderate to heavy amounts also
were observed this week in northern California, western Oregon, northern Idaho,
and in Washington. Elsewhere amounts were light, except for.a few isolated areas
in the San Joaquin Valley and along the coast from Los Angeles to Paso Robles in
California, where none was received.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 847 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Populations based on fall adult survey indicate only light
populations in 1958 except for northeastern section of State where range should be
from light to threatening. (Coop. Surv., Oct. 11.). OKLAHOMA - Extensive flights
noted in Beaver County, all moving in southwesterly direction. (Owen).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Fall infestation survey
completed in south central region. Infestation averaged 63 percent with 189
borers per 100 stalks. (Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Average number of borers per
100 stalks higher than in 1956. Ear shanks heavily infested in many fields in
southern area. (Wis. Ins. Surv.). ARKANSAS - Found for first time in Madison
County. Species previously recorded in surrounding counties. Sixteen percent of
stalks infested one field while in 4 other fields none found. (Boyer, Oct. 19).
DELAWARE - Common in sorghum and late field corn locally in New Castle and Kent
Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ARKANSAS - Early and late instars found in
green corn in northwest area. oyer, Oct. 19). VIRGINIA - Outbreak occurred in
seedling rye, ryegrass, oats and vetch in Louisa County on September 23, (Andrews)
‘and damaged pastures and hay in Norfolk County on October 4 (Wood). DELAWARE -
Heavy on sorghum and late field corn locally in New Castle and Kent Counties.
Infests wheat at two locations in Sussex County and rye and ryegrass in central
Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Found in one corn
field in southeast Nemaha County. (Eshbaugh). This is furthest northeast
distribution reported in state this season. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Infesting 5 of
6 fields surveyed in Madison County. Infestation from 4-26 percent with 0-14
percent of corn down. (Boyer, Oct. 19).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NORTH DAKOTA - Maggots infesting 6 percent
of stems in field of volunteer wheat in Adams County. Abundant fall moisture
promoted heavy stands of volunteer wheat in southwestern area, favorable for fly
development. (N.D. Ins. Rept.).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARKANSAS - Feeding in small numbers on heads of
sorghum in northwest area. (Boyer, Oct. 19). DELAWARE - Continues to infest
sorghum and late field corn, some areas in New Castle County. In alfalfa some
places in each county. (Milliron, Conrad).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARKANSAS - Continues active on late
corn. Infestations from few to 300 per plant. (Boyer, Oct. 19). DELAWARE -
Prevalent on sorghum, one area of New Castle County. Infests cereals and grass
cover crops at places in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Causing localized damage to wheat fields in Cotton and
Kay Counties. (Flora).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - DELAWARE - Infesting rye in central
Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

A SOD WEBWORM - PENNSYLVANIA - Destroying patches of lawn in Luzerne County.
(Gesell).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults emerging from heads
of milo in 60-acre field in Grenada County. (Douglass).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging 60 acres of milo in
Grenada County. (Douglass).

- 848 -

WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - KANSAS - Populations prevalent on volufiteer
plants in wheat fields from Dickinson and Geary Counties in central area to Cowley,
Sumner and Harper Counties of south central area. Heaviest infestations in Cowley,
Sumner and Harper Counties where mites were found on newly emerged seedlings in
few fields. No mites found in wheat fields surveyed in Barber, Comanche, Kiowa
and Pratt Counties. (Somsen, Matthew).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Populations greatly
reduced in Fallon area, Churchill County, in comparison to last year. (Bechtel,
Oct. 18). UTAH - Generally scarce in Iron County. (Knowlton, Oct. 18).

NEW MEXICO - General but light on alfalfa across southern one-fourth of State.
One. heavy infestation reported in Dona Ana County. (Durkin). OKLAHOMA - Counts
in Payne County slightly lower than last week. Hymenopterous parasites adults
common, (Bieberdorf). KANSAS - Non-economic to light populations in Butler,
Cowley, Sumner, Harper, Barber, Comanche, Kiowa, Pratt and Kingman Counties, south
central area. Counts ranged from 3 to 45 per sweep. Leaf injury evident in-
dicating earlier feeding of much higher populations. In Geary, Dickinson and
Marion Counties, central area, counts ranged from 5-90 per sweep. (Matthew,
Somsen). Heavy populations found near Glen Elder, Mitehell County. Counts
averaged around 1,000 per sweep. (Harvey). Very few found in any alfalfa fields
in northeast area. (Eshbaugh). ILLINOIS - Counts per 100 sweeps made during
surveys from September 19 to October 18 were as high as 1100 in Hancock County,
260 in Adams County, 3740 in Mason County, 820 in Calhoun County, 2460 in Jersey
County, 660 in Montgomery County, 1200 in Marion County, 4140 in Jefferson County,
1720 in Jackson County, 1500 in Union County, 3500 in Pulaski County, 1800 in
Pope County, 4120 in Gallatin County, 600 in Hardin County and 300 in Lawrence
County. (I11. Ins. Rept.). ARKANSAS - None collected in alfalfa in Washington
and Madison Counties. (Boyer, Oct. 19).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - ALABAMA - Causing light damage in oat fields.
(Guyton).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa some areas
of New Castle and Kent Counties. (Milliron, Conrad).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera unctata) - UTAH - Numerous adults in occasional
alfalfa field in northern area. Knowlton).

BLISTER BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Observed in alfalfa in scattered locations through-
out State. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala minerva) - NEW MEXICO - Very heavy in alfalfa in
Grant County. No damage apparent. (Durkin).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging peanuts
in McCurtain County. (Flora).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARKANSAS - Increased on alfalfa during past 2
weeks, Average Of 65 per 10 sweeps in northwestern fields. (Boyer, Oct. 19).
DELAWARE - Common to numerous on alfalfa, some places in each county. (Milliron,
Conrad).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Fourth and fifth gen-
eration damaged 84 percent Of buds in peanut fields in Caddo and Payne Counties.
(Walton).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Active in legume and stubble fields
in Washington County week of October 13. (Prescott).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Adults numerous in alfalfa over State. (W. Va. Ins. Surv.).

- 849 -

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 5 per 10 sweeps on
alfalfa in Washington and Madison Counties. (Boyer, Oct. 19).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Generally
medium to heavy, averaging 75-300 per 100 Sweeps, in Dona Ana, Grant and Luna
Counties. (Durkin). ARKANSAS - Slight buildup in northwest area. (Boyer).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - DELAWARE - Continues active in
alfalfa, northeastern Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE PESTS - ALABAMA - Eriosoma lanigerum, Aphis pomi and Scolytus rugulosus
causing light damage to apple trees in Lee County. (Guyton).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Migrating in large numbers;
infesting peaches, cherries and apricots in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County.
(Durkin).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Light damage to peach in Lee
County. (Guyton).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - ALABAMA - Numerous on plum trees in
Lee County. (Guyton).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - No flies found since
September 17. (H. Denmark).

Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida - PURPLE SCALE activity increased
with further increase expected with peak being reached in about two weeks. There
was an increase in activity of FLORIDA RED SCALE, but the-general trend is
expected to be down through December. CITRUS RED MITE activity declined but some
increase is expected in next three or four weeks. CITRUS RUST MITE activity
increased especially on leaves and the increasing trend is expected to continue
for several weeks. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, October 22).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous infestations
under some bud scales of blueberries in Pender County, October 2. (Jones,
Farrier).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS
CABBAGEWORMS - DELAWARE —- Trichoplusia ni continues active and Pieris rapae

common on late cabbage and cauliflower in central Kent County. " (Milliron,
Conrad).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - MARYLAND - Light on broccoli at Fairland.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Continues to damage peppers in central
Kent County and pumpkin-squash generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WISCONSIN - Damage to snap beans in
small area of Dane County more severe than for several years. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).
VIRGINIA - Remains on some late crops of beans in eastern area. Fresh injury not

severe. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - UTAH - Apparently not serious most
potato fields in Beryl area of Iron County. (Knowlton, Oct. 18).

- 850 -

SPREAD OF MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE IN EASTERN UNITED STATES

WM 1920-1925

1926-1935

Prepared in ARS,USDA

1947-1956

1936-1946

- 851 -

A MUSCID (Muscina assimilis) - CALIFORNIA - Reared from tomatoes in Yolo County.
Infestation medium in damaged fruit. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage some sweetpotatoes in Onslow County.
(Bryon).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Gin trash survey of 1,440
bushels of trash in Imperial, Kern and Riverside Counties was negative, In-
spection of bolls in Madera County nearly complete with no larvae noted. (Cal.
Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - In Grady County, inspection of 1 lint cleaner revealed

13 larvae and in one gin stand 8 larvae were found. (Pennington). In Tillman
County, inspections of lint cleaners and one gin stand found totals of 35 larvae
and one larva respectively. (Hatfield). Inspections in Choctaw, Marshall, Love
and Bryan Counties were negative. (Goin, Vick).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

DENDROCTONUS BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - OREGON - D. brevicomis and D. valens
damaging several farm woods lots of pine at low elevations near Medford. (Every).
TEXAS - D. frontalis found active on about 2 acres in Hardin County approximately
7 miles north of Sour Lake. A severe wildfire burned area about one year ago.
Turpentine beetles continue to cause mortality of sawlog size pine throughout all
of eastern area. (Young, Sept. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - D. valens killed a mature
white pine in Monroe County. (Drooz, Oct. 18). a

EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes abietis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Overwintering
nymphal population heavy in eastern area on spruce. (Drooz, Oct. 18).

IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - OREGON - Several farm wood lots of ponderosa pine in
Medford area damaged by I. oregoni. (Every). PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous Scotch
pine trees killed by I. pini in Bedford County. Examination of area showed many
stumps which served as breeding areas thus building up large populations that
attacked drought weakened trees. (Udine).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Over 90 percent of pine
twig terminals in Stillwater area infested with pupae. No larvae found during
past week while in previous week 10 percent were in larval stage. (Fenton).

A PITCH-MASS BORER (Parharmonia pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae causing consid-
erable damage to weevil injured pole-sized white pine in Pike County. (Drooz,
Oct. 18).

PITCH TWIG MOTH (Petrova comstockiana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite numerous on Scotch
pine plantation in Perry County. (Pepper).

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - PENNSYLVANIA - Population on Japanese
larch light in Pike County as evidenced by 1957 oviposition scars. (Drooz, Oct.
18).

PINE TIP MOTHS - TEXAS - Damage continued during September, most severe in
several years thoughout eastern area. (Young).

A SAWFLY (Neodiprion excitans) - TEXAS - Caused light defoliation sawlog size
pines during September in Montgomery and Sabine Counties. (Young).

RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femur-rubrum) - WISCONSIN - Caused 90 percent
defoliation and destruction Of a 2—year-o red-pine seedling plantation in
Columbia County. (Wis. Ins. Surv.).

- 852 -

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - WISCONSIN - Activity almost ceased
in Richland County. (Wis. Ims. Surv.). TEXAS - Continued to cause defoliation

during September on reproduction pine throughout most of eastern area. (Young).
MISSISSIPPI - Larvae feeding on loblolly pine in Clark County. (Bishop). FLORIDA -
Completely defoliated a 20-year-old slash pine tree near Dukes, Union County.
(Hetrick, Oct. 18).

ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - PENNSYLVANIA - Damage quite severe
generally on Scotch pine following Summer activity. Larvae determined by H.W.
Capps. (Udine).

A WOOLLY PINE SCALE (Pseudophilippia quaintancii) - ALABAMA - Scarce on young
pine in Lee County. (Guyton).

WHITE PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Locally injuring white pine
in Haywood County, October I8. (Southards, Farrier).

WHITE GRUBS - TEXAS - Killed one-year-old pine planting in Rusk County during
September. (Young).

WAX SCALES (Ceroplastes sp.) - VIRGINIA - Very heavy on some holly trees in
Warwick and Richmond. (Amos, Stump).

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - OKLAHOMA - Appearing on various ornamentals in
several greenhouses in State. (Stiles).

A PIT-MAKING SCALE (Asterolecanium sp.) - OREGON - Seriously damaging large
number of white oaks along Willamette River south of Milwaukie. Spider mites
also very numerous on these trees, which may have received drift-applications of
DDT from areas of mosquito control. Oaks half-mile from river not noticeably
infested. (Capizzi).

A BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on roses and chrysanthemums

in Las Cruces. (Durkin).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - MARYLAND - Infesting euonymus at various
localities in Baltimore and Montgomery Counties. (U.Md., Ent. Dept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations continue numerous
throughout State. (Flora). NORTH CAROLINA - Following number of cases reported
to State Veterinarian during September from following counties: Anson - 2,
Buncombe - 5, Cabarrus - 55, Cumberland - 59, Granville - 27, Henderson - 50,
Iredell - 58, Lee - 25,Lenoir - 100, McDowell - 10, Mecklenburg - 4, New Hanover -
9, Stanly - 48, Wake - 7. (Cooperrider) Also present in Randolph and Cleveland
Counties. (Jones).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma sp.) - KANSAS - None found in 60 head of cattle examined
at Manhattan, Riley County, (Matthew).

MOSQUITOES - Aedes sollicitans is abundant in Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow and
Carteret Counties. Few adults of Aedes taeniorynchus present in Brunswick County.
(Ashton).

BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - VIRGINIA - Infestation heavy in
homes in Roanoke (Amos) and in Amherst County (Rowell, Wilkins). PENNSYLVANIA -
Specimens identified from Centre County. (Adams),

ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - NEW MEXICO - Problem in many homes in
Las Cruces, (Durkin).

- 853 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - ARKANSAS - Geocoris punctipes and Orius insidiosus quite common in
most alfalfa fields. (Boyer, Oct. 19). 3

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Survey during week in ten
counties including over 500 properties, negative. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

STORED GRAIN PESTS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation of Laemophloeus sp, in stored
shelled corn in Lake County. Many pseudoscorpions present in Same infested grain.
(Lofgren). SOUTH CAROLINA - Indian-meal moth, some flour beetles and rice weevil,
present in 3,000 bushel bins of corn which were fumigated in Allendale County.
Several 3,200 bushel bins of oats infested with flour beetles fumigated in
Richland County. (Nettles et al.). VIRGINIA - Moths emerging by the hundreds
from corn stored in 1956 in cribs of several farmers in Grayson County. (Simpson).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - NEVADA - Light infestation on commercial
gladiolus corms in one Iocation in Reno, Washoe County. (Rebuffo, Oct. 11).

A DERMESTID (Thylodrias contractus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on cereal
products and fish food in town of Imperial, Imperial County. As far as known,
second record of State. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

TERMITES - OKLAHOMA - Swarming of Reticulitermes hageni reported from several
homes in Tulsa. (Bieberdorf). TEXAS - Kalotermes approximatus collected -in home
at Waco, September 30. First record in State. (Gaines).

BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus) - ALABAMA - Infesting
home in Elmore County. (Grimes). PENNSYLVANIA - Infesting house in Dauphin
County. (Drooz, Oct. 18).

AN ANT (Lasius occidentalis) - OREGON - Infesting home at Ontario. Det. M. R.
Smith. (Capizzi).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Disturbing in several
homes generally. (Udine Oct. 18).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - DELAWARE - Annoying homeowners in central
Kent County. (Hickman). MARYLAND -| Annoying homeowners on Eastern Shore. (U,
Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Annoying some Salt Lake and Cache County homes.
(Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Disturbing householders in Dauphin and Juniata
Counties. (Udine, Drooz, Oct. 18).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Adults collected
at North Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Stokes, Oct. 7). Positive finds from 53
locations in southeastern Jacksonville, Duval County, and 25 from Lutz area,
Hillsborough County. (Bittner, Oct. 2-17).

MILLIPEDES - MARYLAND - Annoying homeowners in Washington County. (U.Md., Ent.
Dept.).

- 854 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Anticar.. Laphyg. Hel, Ala. Protoparce

unip. yps. orn. gemm, frug. zea argil, sexta quin,.
ounties
Baldwin 10/15, 16, 18 60 3 6 5 3
Lee 10/19, 22, 24 90 17 222 29 82 5079
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville 10/12-17 67 Ci 183
Stuttgart 10/10-16 1
FLORIDA
Gainesville 10/23 16 153
KANSAS
Wathena 10/16-23 60 20 292
Manhattan 10/21-24 5 55
Hays 10/15-21 32 76 508
Garden City 10/21-23 32 4 LZ 308
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 10/17-24 6 7 5 5
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Scotts Bluff 10/14-20 29 24 2 36
Lincoln 10/10-16 433 163 6 48 698
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Oconee 10/12-25 165 9 26 6 20 99
Florence 10/19-25 afl 30 20 148 23 88 9835
Charleston 10/14-20 29 L2 2 110 15 19 466
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 10/15-21 132 12 20 240 1000 a
Robertson 10/15-21 40 16 4 108 16
Knox 10/15-21 40 6 14 4 30
Greene 10/15-21 38 12 54
Blount 10/15-21 8 2 6 34 6
Johnson 10/15-21 92 14 22 2 24
TEXAS
Brownsville 10/6-19 36 2 25 202 69 39
Waco 10/19-25 71 PH | 269 337

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEBRASKA - Infestation of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in 10 south central counties was
57.6 percent with average of 158.7 borers per 100 plants in 14 northern counties;
and 81.6 percent with 240 borers per 100 plants in 9 Loup Valley counties.
(Andersen). Survey in Cuming County reveals 97.3 percent infestation with average
of 5.5 borers per stalk and average of 57,304 per acre. (Hill, Andersen).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID population has decreased somewhat in Republican River Valley.
Counts average 1120 per 100 sweeps. Light population of PEA APHID continues in
Republican River Valley with counts averaging 280 per 100 sweeps. POTATO
LEAFHOPPER population decreased considerably in Republican Valley area with counts
averaging 40 per 100 sweeps. PREDATORS per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley area
were nabids-140, lady beetles-220 and lacewings-20. (Andersen).

MINNESOTA - Infestation of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in State averaged 83 borers per
100 plants compared with 58 borers per 100 plants in 1956. Averages in all
districts were higher in 1957 than in 1956 except in the east central. The
average of 69 borers per 100 stalks was much lower than expected in west central
district. The heavy egg deposition of the second generation in this district
apparently had low borer survival. Stalk breakage is much lower than anticipated
to date. A RED-HORNED GRAIN BEETLE (Platydema ruficorne) a problem in a south
central grain elevator. TOBACCO MOTH populations so heavy that milk sanitation
was difficult in a dairy in Nobles County. (Minn. Ins. Rept.).

ae

|

- 855 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

ASIATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis (Walker) )

Economic Importance: This crambid borer is a serious pest of rice in the Orient
and causes heavy damage to corn, sorghum and sugarcane in India, Iraq and Egypt.
In northern areas of Indochina, China, Formosa and Japan, the insect is respon-
sible for annual damage of 5 to 10 percent of rice crop with local damage up to
60 percent. Damage to rice was so heavy for several years in Hawaii that the
crop became unprofitable and much of the land was abandoned. Likewise, cultiva-
tion of corn was discontinued in the Mesopotamia area of Iraq in 1918 following
severe infestations in that region. Loss from Asiatic rice borer often parallels
that of durra stem borer (Sesamia cretica) in Egypt. Serious injury occurred on
rice in Spain in 1935 although the species was not known from that country until
1933. Severely infested rice has a high percentage of dead shoots and leaves and
fails to set grain. All parts of sugarcane, sorghum and corn plants are attacked
except the roots. Chilo suppressalis is frequently found in rice straw from
Japan at United States ports of entry.

Asiatic Rice Borer Damage

Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Asia including China, Japan, U.S.S.R.,
Malaya, Formosa, Philippines, Indonesia (Java), Indochina, Burma, India, Ceylon
and Iraq. Also recorded in Egypt, Nyasaland, Zanzibar, Spain, Portugal and Hawaii.

General Distribution of Chilo suppressalis

Crambidae, Lepidoptera

- 856 —

Hosts: Major hosts are rice, sorghum, sugarcane, corn and millet. Many other
Wild and cultivated grasses are attacked.

Life History and Habits: The life history on rice is quite variable according to
ecological conditions. The number of generations varies from 1 per year in
northern Japan and Manchuria to as many aS 5 per year in central and southwest
China. Two generations a year are most common in temperate climates. Adults of
the overwintered generation appear when the temperature is in the mid-60's and
continue to emerge over a considerable period, flying at dusk or at night. In
Japan adults usually emerge the second half of June. Rice seedlings are planted
in the fields at this time and are often severely damaged. Eggs are laid on
underside of leaves, usually over 100 per cluster. In Spain, at average temper-
tures of about 80°F. the eggs hatch in 5-6 days and the larvae pupate within
30-40 days with pupation lasting about a week in summer and between 10-20 days in
the spring. Larvae mature before hibernation and overwintering occurs in the
stalks of hosts.

Description: Eggs oval, flattened, about 1 mm. in length, creamy white when first
Taid and are deposited in two rows that overlap as a rule. Near hatching they
change to orange with a black spot in the middle. Newly-emerged larva is orange
with black head and about 2 mm. in length. Mature larva is 25 mm. long with
black or dark brown head and dirty white body. There is a conspicuous dark patch
behind head, and generally 2 dark longitudinal lines on each side. On each
segment there are small spines set on dark spots. Color is extremely variable;
hibernating larvae frequently lack spots and the spines are same color as skin.
Pupa brown, male smaller than female. Male forewings straw-colored, wholly
suffused with light brown, with minute, brown to rather dark specks dispersed
irregularly all over and sometimes forming small patches; terminal series of
spots dark brown to piceous; fringe not very shiny, of lighter color distally.
Hindwings whitish, with a shade of brown near the costa and apex; ridge on the
underside. Labial palpi a little over twice the length of the head. Female
forewings usually paler with fewer dark specks and hindwing uniformly whitish.
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7 (44) 11-1-57

f
{
|
ee
Larvae, Pupa and Adult of Chilo suppressalis

Figures (except map): Larvae and pupa from Fletcher, T. B. and Ghosh, C. C. 1919.
Report of the Proceedings of the Third Entomological Meeting, Pusa. Vol. 1;
354-417. Adult and damage from Gomez Clemente, F. 1940. Bol de Path. Vegetal y
Ent. Agr. 9:51-66.

_———

eet ee ec
ee sent h st ah ME

~ nOvEWden 8,198 z

ae ee ts es

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE.

4
4

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST ‘SURVEY SECTION ©

t ‘e qs it P 4 ; _ fi
The Cooperative Economic Insect Reporte Lanett 4 Ne
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents” om,
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

ne et
lees

prone Tits
Ko ASET OS eam

Xo? TAgeR\e:

Awe 1B6 TR) ee

Reports and inquiries pertain te tthea eer lease
should be mailed to:

(aT ae aang aa eee a

Plant Pest Control
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. c.

", '
é , . i he

o*. oaeg Orne ’.
3 A i ’

<
a }

ee

Volume 7 November 8, 1957 Number 45

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPER damage to small grains light to severe in some Oklahoma counties.
(p. 859).

First established record of RHODES-GRASS SCALE in California. (p. 859).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in some New Mexico counties; numerous in many
fields in north central Kansas. (p. 860).

CORN BORER survey in Arkansas shows European corn borer and southwestern corn
borer in new counties. (p. 860).

PEPPER WEEVIL has caused severe damage in Vineland, New Jersey, area. First report
of pest in State. (p. 861).

Distribution of JEFFREY PINE BEETLE (p. 864).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957 - Utah. (p. 865).

Insects not known to occur in the United States. (p. 869).

FHEEEETTEEEEEE EP EE ETE

Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 1 unless otherwise
designated.

- 858 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 4

The general circulation pattern associated with this week's weather was one

of high pressure in the Northwest and Southeast, and with principal frontal
activity and low pressure systems extending from the Southwest to the western
Lakes region. However, probably the most outstanding single storm was the
off-shore disturbance which came into the picture on Friday, bringing generous
rains to the central and northern Atlantic coastal plains. Lasting from the
lst through the 3d, this was the first extended storm period observed in
southern and eastern New England since April. A 2.75-inch total recorded at
Boston, Mass., was the heaviest single storm amount of this year at that
location, and exceeded individual monthly totals since May.

In contrast to last week, the precipitation picture was perhaps more significant
than that of the temperature. Weekly totals in southern California and eastward
into New Mexico, and from this section northward into portions of Utah, Colorado,
Wyoming, and Montana, exceeded 4 inch. Yuma, Ariz., observed over 2 inches,

and the 4 inches reported for the week at Flagstaff, in the same State, is a
greater amount than the combined October and November normals indicate for the
station. Precipitation accumulations for the week were also moderate to heavy
throughout Minnesota and adjacent southeastern North Dakota, eastern South

Dakota and northwestern Iowa, as well as in the Atlantic coastal areas previously
mentioned. Parts of the country without measurable falls this week include the
Florida Peninsula, Gulf sections of Texas, northern California, and eastern Oregon,

Heaviest snowfalls so far this season were reported at locations in the central
and northern Rocky Mountain and Plateau States. Up to 2 feet fell in mountain
sections of Utah, and at Lander, Wyo., 16 inches of snow was measured on the
ground on Monday morning. Considerable snow was reported in the southern high
Sierras of California on the 2d, but decreasing northward to 2 inches at Soda
Springs; while on the mountains near Los Angeles, 6 inches of snow was observed
at elevations above 7,000 feet.

Warm temperature conditions prevailed in the northern Rocky and northern and
central Plains States early, with a cooling trend toward the end of the period.
This was also the pattern in California, while in the central Plateau States and
in the Southeast the picture was reversed. Above-normal temperatures were
generally observed in the Great Lakes region and northeast where averages for
the week were +5° in northern Michigan and Wisconsin and +7° in Maine. Weekly
averages were also above normal in southwestern California, southwestern Texas,
in extreme northern sections of the Canadian Border States of the west, and in
an area incorporating northeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, eastern Utah,
south-central Wyoming, most of Colorado, and western Kansas. Elsewhere, they
averaged below normal, with -6° to -8° anomalies common to most of Florida.
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

AE ER FO EE 2 2 I EK oe 2 2 2K KK

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK
NOVEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for November calls for temperatures to average
below seasonal normals over the southern half of the nation except for near to

above normal over the far Southwest. Near normal temperatures are expected over
northern portions except for above normal over the Northeast. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal over the Northeast and also over the Great Plains.
Subnormal precipitation is predicted west of the Continental Divide and in the
extreme Southeast. In unspecified areas near normal amounts are indicated. (Weather
forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published
twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of
Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year."

—

ee

- 859 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Remain numerous and active on rangelands in Strawberry
Valley of northern area. (Knowlton, Oct. 26). CALIFORNIA - Early October
rains in Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley indicate probability of larger number
of Melanoplus devastator eggs being deposited than had been anticipated.

(Cal. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Fall populations of 3-14 adults per square
yard in panhandle counties, higher numbers in field margins and areas where

M. bilituratus were migrating. Heavy flights of latter in Beaver, Texas and
Cimmaron Counties. Damage to small grains light to severe, heavy re-planting
necessary most field margins. Field margin vegetation averaged 4-8 good egg
pods per square foot (light-threatening classification). Rangeland surveys
showed light-severe classification. Parasites and predators destroyed approx-
imately 17 percent of egg pods (October 21-24). (Fed.-State Grasshopper
Control Program). Heavy migration of M. bilituratus in western Harper and

_ eastern Beaver Counties, October 29-30, moving southwest. Most females gravid.
Populations in "resting area" generally 10-20 adults per square yard compared
to 2-5 per square yard for summer in same area. Mating common, egg-laying
continuing throughout panhandle counties. (Coppock, Goin).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation in 8
north central counties averaged 66 percent with 172 borers per 100 plants.
Infestation in 9 central counties averaged 84 percent with 414 borers per
100 plants .(Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - One larva found in 150 corn plants at
Stillwater,October 31. (Arbuthnot).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Activity in north central area
terminated by freeze of October 25. Heavy infestations and previous stalk

and shank feeding caused a high percentage of ear drop and stalk lodging in
Washington, Republic, Jewell, Mitchell and Cloud Counties. Some fields showed
40 to 60 percent shank feeding damage and averaged 20 percent ear drop.
(Matthew). TEXAS - Destroyed 15 acres of 300 acre field of winter oats in Van
Zandt County. (Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Freezing weather killed over 95 percent
of larvae in corn plants at Stillwater, October 25-26. (Arbuthnot). Occa-
sional to very light in scattered wheat fields, Alfalfa and Woods Counties.
(Coppock, Goin).

FALSE WIREWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Light damage to wheat, localized areas, Texas
County. (Owens).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on

St. Augustine grass on one property in El Centro, Imperial County. This first
established record for State made on October 13, 1957. Infestation currently
being investigated from an eradicative standpoint. Det. H. Morrison and

H. L. McKenzie. (Cal. Coop. Rep., October 29).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - None found in
corn fields in Washington, Republic, Jewell and Mitchell Counties. Previous
survey located borers in Cloud County, same general area. (Matthew).

A WHITE GRUB - NEVADA - The Aphodius sp. reported in CEIR 7(27) :529 has been
identified as Aphodius hamatus garmani by O. L. Cartwright. (Bechtel, Oct 25).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Medium
to heavy in all alfalfa fields in Dona Ana, Chaves, Eddy and Grant Counties.
Many fields have infestations as high as 500 per 100 sweeps. (Durkin).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - KANSAS - Numberous in alfalfa fields
in north central areas. Counts from 1-7 per sweep. (Matthew). NEBRASKA -
Population decreased somewhat from previous weeks counts of 160 per 100 sweeps
to an average of 100 per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley district. (Andersen) .
OKLAHOMA - Up to 50 per 10 sweeps, one irrigated alfalfa field, Cimmaron
County. Lighter elsewhere. (Coppock, Goin).

- 860 -

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG(Nezara viridula) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults observed
on several thousand acres Of soybeans in Dade County. Estimated 15 and 50 bugs
per bushel at two locations. (Wolfenbarger, Oct. 29).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Building up in alfalfa
in spotty infestation in Chaves, Eddy and Dona Ana Counties. Most infestations
light to medium; 75 percent being winged. (Durkin). KANSAS - Quite numerous in
many alfalfa fields throughout north central area. Particularly heavy infesta-
tions in fields in Republic, Jewell, Mitchell and Cloud Counties with counts
ranging from 35 to 750 per sweep. One field of seedling alfalfa in Jewell County
had population as high as 100 aphids per square inch when the aphids were brushed
to the ground. Although alfalfa in area has wilted from first freeze, fields
containing heavy infestations could be readily noted by difference in plant
discoloration. Predator populations were light in infested fields. (Matthew).
NEBRASKA - Population decreasing in Republican Valley. Counts average 220 per
100 sweeps. (Andersen).

CORN BORER SURVEY IN ARKANSAS: Ninety-six fields in 30 counties surveyed.
Fifty-three infested with European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis) with heaviest
infestations in northeast area. Marion and Izard Counties found infested for the
first time, making 13 new counties for State this year. Insect has now been
recorded in 50 of 75 Arkansas counties; non-infested counties constitute south-
western one-third of State. Percentage of stalks infested and number of borers
per stalk increased over 1956. Thirty-three of the 96 fields were infested with
southwestern corn borer (Zeadiatraea grandiosella). Infestations heavier in
general in western than eastern counties. This Species was found for first time
in Arkansas, Independence and Izard Counties, making 14 new counties infested
during 1957. Forty-nine of the 75 counties now known infested. (Boyer).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - KANSAS - Collected in alfalfa fields in
Cloud, Republic, Jewell and Mitchell Counties. Counts ranged from 20 to 150 per
25 sweeps. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - From 2-4 adults per 10 sweeps, one alfalfa
field, Woods County. (Coppock, Goin).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Generally very light in alfalfa in
Dona Ana, Grant, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (Durkin). NEBRASKA - Population
continues to decrease in Republican Valley area. Counts average 160 per 100
sweeps. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - In Ellis County, 3-10 per 10 sweeps, one field.
First report in several months from northwestern counties. (Coppock, Goin).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE —- Recent egg survey,
involving 5 alfalfa fields in each county, indicates the abundance in New Castle
County is nearly 4 times that in Kent County (55 eggs compared to 14 per 100
plants), and that the count in Sussex County averages less than 2 per 100 plants.
The proportion of adults in each county during late summer and early fall was
greatest in the northern third of the State and diminished progressively south-
ward. Adults are uncommon at present generally. (Conrad) .

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - DELAWARE - Usual adult population
responsible for noticeable foliage injury to new alfalfa growth, following late
cuttings, throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2.5 larvae per 10
sweeps, one alfalfa eae Harper County. (Coppock, Goin).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults continue active generally.
Second-generation larvae scarce in all fields throughout State. (Milliron,
Conrad).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - NEBRASKA - Populations decreasing.
Counts average 40 per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley. (Andersen).

ond

- 861 -

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Building up on early planted oats in Barnwell County.
(Nettles et al.). OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum fitchii occasional to very light,

few fields of small grains, Alfalfa County. Macrosiphum granarium O-5 per linear
foot of row, small grains in northwest and panhandle. The heavier populations

in volunteer oats and wheat. (Coppock, Goin).

A WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus peregrinus). LOUISIANA- Considerable
numbers present in white clover field at Crowley, Acadia Parish. Det. R. E.
Warner. First record for parish. (Oliver, Oct. 11).

FRUIT INSECTS

A CATERPILLAR (Datana sp.) - TEXAS - Feeding on pecan leaves in Karnes County.
(Turney) .

A WALNUT MAGGOT (Rhagoletis sauvis) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Fifteen percent infestation
in 6 large English walnut trees in Snyder County, September 27. Det. R. H. Foote.
(Gesell, Pepper).

A TORTRICID - NEW MEXICO - Larvae causing moderate damage to late varieties of
apples in orchards in Albuquerque area of Bernalillo County. (Durkin).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - NEW JERSEY - Severe damage inflicted on
pepper plantings in the Vineland area of southern New Jersey. This area includes
parts of Gloucester, Atlantic and Cumberland Counties since it is located at the
geographical junction of those districts. It is not known yet whether the
infestation if of more than one year's duration. Det. R. E. Warner. (Merrill,
Oct. 23). This is the first record from the State.

MUSHROOM PESTS - NEVADA - A humpbacked fly (Megaselia sp.) and fungus gnats
(Lycoria sp.) are increasing to economic level in mushroom house in Reno,
Washoe County. (Bechtel, Oct. 25).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - DELAWARE - Acalymma vittata and Diabrotica undecimpunctata
howardi continue to be prevalent on pumpkin-Squash, generally. Latter Species
also active on spinach and beets, southwestern Kent County and on turnips one
location in central Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - DELAWARE - Responsible for heavy injury
several places in New Castle and Kent Counties. Injury ranges from light to
moderately heavy most locations in Sussex County. (Milliron, Conrad).

APHIDS - DELAWARE - Brevicoryne brassicae is injurious on commercial cauliflower
in central Kent County and Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae is common on turnip
foliage locally in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Mfiliiron, Conrad).

SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) - DELAWARE - Attacking commercial
mustard and turnips, some locations in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

COTTON INSECTS

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium and spotty in
cotton in Dona Ana County. (Durkin).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Surveys continue.
Inspection intensifying with number of gins operating on seasonal increase. Over
10,000 green cotton bolls inspected in San Joaquin Valley. Inspections to date
negative. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - One heavy infestation found about

20 miles north of control area in southern Dona Ana County. About 65 to 70 per-
cent of polls infested. (Durkin). OKLAHOMA - Gin trash, green boll, dry
boll, lint cleaner and gin stand inspections indicate very light infestation.

- 862 -

Positive finds reported from Bryan, Beckham, Caddo, Comanche, Harmon, Jackson,
Love and Tillman Counties. (Fed. - State PBW Project).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales)~ALABAMA - Found in scarce numbers in pine trees
in Lee County. (Grimes) .

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE - (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ALABAMA - Large numbers in
pine stumps, Lee County. (Grimes) .

IPS BEETLES (Ips. sp.) - ALABAMA - Large number of I. grandicollis, I avulsus
and I. calligraphus infesting pine stumps and logs from recently cut timber in
Lee County. (Grimes).

DEODAR WEEVIL (Pissodes nemorensis) - ALABAMA - Present in fairly large numbers
in Lee County. (Grimes).

A WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding on privet and
other ornamentals in Philadelphia. (Menusan, Oct. 28).

A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus n. sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Light on Cattelya sp. in nursery
in San Anselmo, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

DOGWOOD TWIG BORER (Oberea tripunctata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting dogwood
locally in Pitt County. (Scott, Farrier).

ARMORED SCALES - OKLAHOMA - More have been noted on ornamentals throughout State
than in previous years. (Stiles).

STINK BUGS (Chlorochroa spp.) - OREGON - Damaging ornamental arborvitae in a
Portland nursery October 31. (Nicholiason).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BLACK FLIES - UTAH - Annoying to deer hunters in the Wasatch Mountains in several
areas. (Knowlton,Oct. 26).

BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Lxodes ricinus scapularis) - CONNECTICUT - Taken while engorging
on shoulder of eleven-year old boy at Middlefield. Det. Garman and Johnson.
(Johnson). Unusual record for State.

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - CALIFORNIA - Extensive movement of colonies from
summer to winter and spring locations in almond orchards. Early rains have
creatéd possibility of future impassible conditions in orchards and made early
movements advisable. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA —- Various predator populations in Republican Valley area per
100 sweeps are as follows: Nabids - 120; lacewings - 80; lady beetles - 100.
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Numerous in irrigated alfalfa in northeast and Panhandle.
Twenty to 30 lacewing larvae and adults and 15-25 lady beetles, per 10 sweeps
common. Lighter in upland alfalfa. (Coppock, Goin). OREGON - Survey disclosed
approximately 20 percent of eggs destroyed by beeflies and other insects in
Umatilla, Grant and Wallowa Counties, in late October. Spiders unusually abundant,
especially in Wallowa County, capturing large numbers of grasshoppers in webs.
(Chinn).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

Be yg

DRUG-STORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) OREGON - Several inquiries concerning
control in recent weeks. (Every). ;

=: =

- 863 -

DERMESTIDS - OREGON - More frequent numbers throughout western areas than in
previous years. (Every).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - New infestation reported from
Holtville, Imperial County. Heavy on sacks of barley. This infestation rep-
resents the 314th infestation reported in State since beginning of the program.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FLOUR BEETLES - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe infestations of Tribolium castaneum and
T. confusum in a rat bait mixture of warfarin in corn meal in Cleveland County.
(Jones, Weisman, Oct. 23).

PSOCIDS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation in shelled corn in Brookings County.
(Lofgren).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Anticar. Laphyg. Hel. Ala. Protoparce
unip. yps. orn. gemm. frug. zea argil. sexta quin
ALABAMA (Counties)
De Kalb 10/24, 31 30 to) ILS} 16
Lee 10/26, 29, 31 40 8 8 10 6
ARKANSAS (Counties)
Fayetteville 10/19-11/1 535 109 79
Stuttgart 10/17, 30 2)
KANSAS
Garden City 10/23 - 29 4 16 108
Manhattan 10/28 - 31 6 24
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Box Butte 10/14 - 23 46 21 1 154
Lincoln 10/17 - 23 Oe 169 ale 48 126
Scotts Bluff 10/21 - 27 9 12 2 "
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 10/21 - 27 16 6 a 182 4 16 479
Florence 10/26-11/1 38 24 11 96 5 12 864
Oconee 10/26-11/1 54 2 5 2 3 16
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Blount 10/22 - 28 13 2 6 iL 38 al!
Johnson 10/22 - 28 75 12 10 14 6
Knox 10/22, 28 Bil 10 6 1 24 alt
Madison 10/22 - 28 172 32 8 208 156
Maury 10/22 - 28 31 4 2 68 24
Robertson 10/22 - 28 9 9 23
TEXAS
Beaumont 10/1-5, 9-11,
14-15 15 90 28
Brownsville 10/20 - 26 36 75 10 328 116 172 10 3

Waco 10/26-11/1 rs) 12 1

- 864 -

DISTRIBUTION OF JEFFREY PINE BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS JEFFREYI)
in North America

OREGON | IDAHO
dpb yet ae —+-
|
|
|
|
NEVADA :

< =
CALIFORNIA

Forest Pest Leaflet 11, July 1956

- 865 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957

UTAH

Reported by G. F. Knowlton, D. W. Davis, H. E. Dorst, H. F. Thornley, sei. Cox,
and County Agricultural Agents

The spotted alfalfa aphid, pea aphid, tomato russet mite, grasshoppers, corn
earworm, alfalfa weevil, lygus bugs, army cutworm, yellow-striped armyworms, corn
leaf aphid (on barley), spider mites, mosquitoes, raspberry caneborers, cattle
lice, and biting midges were amoung the conspicuously troublesome pests during
1957.

Cereal and Forage Insects: GRASSHOPPERS again caused substantial crop and range
losses in a number of counties, estimated at $280,000. Considerable control
effort was put forth, resulting in a saving estimated at $148,000. Control was
carried out in crop land largely by the farmers, ranchers, orchardists, and home
gardeners. The most damaging grasshopper species were Melanoplus bilituratus,

M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum, M. borealis, Camnula pellucida, Aulocara elliotti
and M. packardi. Federal, State, County and rancher cooperative control programs,
controlled grasshoppers with aerial treatments over an area of 39,000 acres in
Box Elder County and 30,000 acres in Sanpete-Sevier area. MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus
simplex) was aircraft baited and controlled over 18,500 acres of rangelands in
Daggett County and 5,000 acres in San Juan County in time to prevent economic
losses. The spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata) caused spotted damage
to alfalfa crops over the southern one-half of the state. Estimated loss of
alfalfa hay, seed, and new plantings was estimated at $165,000, as compared with
$780,000 during 1955 and $500,000 in 1956. Less area in State was damaged than
during the previous two years. However, the aphid moved northward into Tooele,
Salt Lake and Utah Counties. The PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) caused substantial
losses of forage alfalfa hay and reduced seed production in Several seed areas.
Populations were low in late spring. However, many outbreaks developed in early
summer and continued until late fall, where alfalfa was succulent. Damage to
canning peas was very light except for some Cache County acreage. LYGUS BUGS
(largely Lygus elisus, L. hesperus, and L. desertus) were very abundant on alfalfa
in most areas, resulting in losses where seed crop control was delayed or omitted.
SUPERB PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) again was above normal in numbers over
several counties, in alfalfa. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) has now
spread to practically all parts of Utah, except Daggett County. Damage was much
less conspicuous than during 1954 and 1955. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
caused severe damage to much untreated alfalfa acreage. Losses are estimated to
exceed $200,000. THE ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) caused
local crop injury in a few counties. A TORTRICID (Tortrix pallorama) caused
scattered alfalfa seed crop injury, usually light. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis
auxiliaris) damaged alfalfa in spring over several thousand acres, largely in
southern and central Utah. Spotted damage to small grains and range forage also
occurred. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) damaged alfalfa,
tomatoes, and truck crops, particularly in Cache, Box Elder, Weber, and Davis
Counties. This crop damage was estimated at $92,000. Damage by Prodenia sp.
occurred in many areas of southern and central Utah; the Millard County alfalfa
seed crop suffering most severely due to repeated attacks and reduced seed yields.

- 866 -

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was less damaging, particularly after spring
rains occurred. Early spring control was necessary in Washington County. Some
damage occurred in northern counties. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
caused conspicuous damage to spring barley in several northern and central
counties. Injury to corn was light. AN APHID (Hyalopteroides dactylidis) damaged
orchard grass locally. The ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (MacrosSiphum granarium) caused
light damage to small grains. The SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) was
common, but not economic. MIRIDS (largely Stenotus binotatus and Leptopterna
ferrugatus) damaged grasses and small grains in local areas. SAY STINK BUG
(Chlorochroa sayi) caused local injury to small grains and alfalfa seed crops.
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused extensive damage to sweet corn and moderate
injury to field corn throughout Utah. Infestations varied from 40 to 100 percent
where no control was applied. Local injury occurred from wheat straw-worm, false
chinch bugs, wireworms, false wireworms, corn sap beetles, thrips and flea
beetles in scattered localities. Corn was damaged by the TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus telarius) in a number of localities. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT
(Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) caused usual damage. Several thousand acres of range
and forage crop lands kept bare of vegetation. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus
gibbus) caused about normal economic damage but considerably less than in

Fruit Insects: APHID infestations generally were below normal other than woolly
WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) , A LEAF-CURL PLUM APHID (Anur-

aphis helichrysi) which were damaging in many localities. CODLING MOTH
(Carpocapsa pomonella) infestations in well sprayed orchards sometimes exceeded
five percent; unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards often were 100 percent "wormy"’.
Numerous unsprayed home orchards had very high "worm" counts. Cherry fruits at
Orem were infested by C. pomonella. SPIDER MITES were generally severe in
orchards and on some berry crops, although developing later in the season than
normal. Bryobia praetiosa was generally present in orchards and severe where
poor or no delayed dormant spray was applied. Eotetranychus willamettei was
present in a number of localities, especially on apples. Damage occurred from
Provo southward and in some Cache Valley orchards Tetranychus mecdanieli was
highly injurious in many apple and sour cherry orchards in Weber and Box Elder
Counties. Tetranychus canadensis infested a few orchards. PEAR LEAF BLISTER
MITE (Eriophyes pyri) and the PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) were occasion=
ally damaging. A CHERRY RUST MITE was highly injurious in Utah County. Mite
injury, in general, was about average in orchards. LEAFHOPPERS varied from scarce
to numerous on apple, plum and prune. A GEMINATE LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus)
again was usually low in numbers in alfalfa fields and orchards. SAN JOSE SCALE
(Aspidiotus perniciosus) was occasionally damaging. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi)
caused moderate damage to cherry, pear and plum foliage; seriously damaged
hawthorn foliage in several areas. CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus)
damaged some fruit trees in Salt Lake County. Infestations in Davis, Weber and
Utah Counties also noted. CATFACING INSECTS caused moderate damage, even though
many fruit crops were light due to spring frosts. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea
exitiosa) and WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) caused
general damage to stone fruits throughout the State. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia
lineatella) frequently caused damage to fruits and twigs. PEAR THRIPS
(Taeniothrips inconsequens) were moderately numerous. CHERRY FRUITWORM
(Grapholita packardi) was rare in cherries this season. CLIMBING CUTWORMS damaged
orchards in Box Elder and Weber Counties, with scattered local damage elsewhere.
SHOT HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) caused local damage, especially in weakened
cherry, apricot and peach trees. Bud damage to 35 young cherry trees was severe
in one Orem orchard. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) again caused serious
damage to the English walnut crop at Ogden. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER
(Harrisina brillians) again was almost completely controlled by insect parasites
and predators. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) damaged grapes in a few
Washington County vineyards. CURRANT APHIDS of several species were about
normally damaging, with some injury to red currants and gooseberries. CURRANT
FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) caused average, general damage. MAGGOTS again
produced galls in chokecherry fruits in Logan, Ogden and Bountiful Canyons.

- 867 -

RASPBERRY CANE GIRDLERS and RASPBERRY ROOT BORERS damaged a number of raspberry
patches in Box Elder, Salt Lake, Utah and Davis Counties. STRAWBERRY LEAFROLLER
(Ancylis comptana fragariae) caused above-normal injury in northern and central
Utah. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) larvae killed new raspberry
plants at Willard and damaged dewberry canes at Providence. ROOT WEEVILS
(Brachyrhinus ovatus, B. rugosostriatus and sometimes B. sulcatus) damaged
untreated strawberry patches quite commonly with moderate injury to roots of
raspberry and other cane fruits.

Truck Crop Insects: TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) population was moderate on
early fruit settings but low on the principal canning crop. Some damage to garden
tomatoes occurred in southern areas. A "Statement of Outlook" of August 8, to
canners and canning crop growers indicated that the tomato fruitworm infestation
would be light and insecticide applications probably not warranted. CORN EARWORM
(Heliothis zea) was serious, so canning corn growers were warned that an increase
in corn earworm infestations was expected by mid-August. It was indicated that
insecticide applications would be warranted, particularly in Utah County. Approx-
imately 30 percent of the northern Utah canning corn acreage was treated, largely ~
in Utah County, where one canning company applied insecticides to about 600 acres
of canning corn. Control started in early August and continued into early
September. The infestation was the highest since 1952. Some areas were 100 per-
cent infested when not controlled. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici)
infested at least 200 acres of canning tomatoes in northern area. This was the
most severe and extensive outbreak to develop for approximately 10 years.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus elisus predominantly) on sugar beet seed in southern Utah in
spring of 1957 were moderate. Lygus bugs were controlled on beets and on a number
of adjacent alfalfa fields in conjunction with insecticide applications for spotted
alfalfa aphid control. In northern Utah, lygus populations were moderate on sugar
beets for seed crops in early June at Avon and Paradise. All sugar beets in
southern area were treated for protection. Spring and summer populations of

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) were light to very light on sugar beets and
tomatoes. Curly-top damage was well below normal. However, fall populations in
Washington County on beets being grown for seed were about One-third higher than
the corresponding 1956 populations.

Populations of a VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) in tomato fields were higher
than 1956, until mid-September. Heaviest populations originated in orchards having
substantial fruit drop. APHIDS were about normal on vegetable crops with popu-
lations in some areas becoming high on potatoes, beans, peas, carrots, celery and
cabbage. A heavy buildup of aphids occurred in the Beryl-Enterprise potato area
requiring one to two late season control applications. In some areas, potatoes
intended for seed certification could not be certified due to aphid-borne disease.
SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) , and a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca
filamenta) caused occasional damage in local areas; generally below normal in
numbers. A BLACK FLEA BEETLE again damaged sweet corn throughout the season in
Washington County. FLEA BEETLE damage generally was moderate to normal in gardens,
although an occasional potato and sugar beet field suffered severely. MELON APHID
(Aphis gossypii) damage to cucumbers, squash, and cantaloups was normal, sometimes
serious. SAP BEETLES caused local injury to sweet corn in many communities,
largely in home gardens. Damage was greatest in southern and central Utah.

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) caused normal injury over most of State, being most |
severe in WashingtonCounty. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) injury severe in
Washington County. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) injury was common. CORN LEAF
APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage was light on corn. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
damage sometimes was severe on canning and home garden sweet corn as well as on
field corn. POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) again appeared in
Washington and Iron Counties. The infestation in Iron and Washington Counties was
much lower than in 1956. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
damaged potatoes locally at Kanab and in parts of Weber and northern Davis Counties.
MEXICAN BEAN BETTLE (Epilachna varivestis) caused damage in a number of counties.
This pest has spread moderately during recent years.

- 868 -

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and the SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C. duo-
decimpunctata) caused near normal damage in several counties. ONION THRIPS
(Thrips tabaci) injury to onions was common but average. Often present on other
plants. CUTWORM damage was common in spring but lower during mid and late summer.
WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM caused some damage to tomatoes, beets, and home
gardens in a number of northern localities, usually when larvae migrated from
alfalfa fields. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) caused spotted, sometimes conspicuous
damage to tomatoes and potatoes. GARDEN CENTIPEDE attacked home gardens and
occasionally commercial crops in scattered localities.

Shade Tree Insects: APHIDS on shade trees were unusally troublesome during spring
and early summer of 1957. A COTTONWOOD BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Paraleucoptera albella)
again was damaging in the Sevier-Piute County area, principally along the Sevier
River. Leaf miners severely infested aspen foliage in a number of mountain areas,
while poplar and cottonwood leaf miners were noted in scattered communities over
the State. BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) , WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma
americanum) , NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus Iyropictus) , A LEAF-CURL ASH APHID
(Prociphilus fraxinifolii) , and several other aphidscaused above normal damage

to Shadetrees. Willows often were severely infested with flowering hawthorn
foliage sometimes severely curled. Ant, fly, and wasp annoyance often accompanied
serious shade tree aphid infestations about homes. GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR
(Malacosoma fragilis) caused injury in Washington, Kane and San Juan Counties.
FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) was damaging to northern Utah shade
trees and shrubs, to poplars and to other susceptible trees and shrubs.

LEAFHOPPER injury to elms was below normal. BOXELDER PSYLLID (Psylla negundinis)
caused spotted damage in Cache, Utah, Carbon and other counties. A SPIDER MITE
(Eotetranychus weldoni) caused local injury to weeping willow foliage in some
localities, although generally less than in 1956. LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura
ziczac, E. elegans and spp.) again damaged Virginia creeper foliage during late
Summer and fall. Leaves frequently were brown and dry before late August.

ROSE LEAFHOPV'ER (Edwardsiana rosae) commonly discolored foliage of cultivated
roses when nor controlled. Numerous on spirea in fall. SPIREA APHID (Aphis
spiraecola), POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolli), and other aphid species
injured ornamentals during the season. A ROSE SNOUT BEETLE and THRIPS also caused
damage to roses. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused widespread annoy-
ance about homes and gardens over most of State.WHITE GRUBS damaged numerous lawns
in several counties and occasionally damaged small shrubs and garden flowers.

Insects Affecting Livestock: CATTLE LICE caused extensive but normal damage
generally over the state, with some herds being severely infested. CATTLE GRUBS
(Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis) caused substantial but normal damage as grubs

and as adult flies. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans), STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) ,
HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES, HOUSE FLIES, and BLOW FLIES caused common and about
average annoyance to livestock. POULTRY MITES and LICE, and HOG LICE were fairly
common, sometimes present in abundance. EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) caused some
local damage, but was less troublesome than during 1953 or 1954. TICKS, partic-—
ularly Dermacentor andersoni, were numerous during spring on cattle and horses,

and attacked persons on range lands. A SARCOPHAGID (Wohlfahrtia opaca) larva
sometimes attacked livestock, kit mink and other animals. A SNIPE FLY
(Symphoromyia hirta) seriously annoyed man and cattle in a number of canyons.

SHEEP KED (Melanophagus ovinus) was abundant and injurious generally, particularly
in the winter to lambs. MAGGOTS caused some damage to sheep. BLACK FLIES were
abundant and annoying, particularly in several canyons. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica)
was frequently numerous in cities, towns farms and in food establishments. CLUSTER
FLY (Pollenia rudis) invaded many homes in fall. COCKROACHES infested many
buildings.

BITING MIDGES were extremely troublesome in many localites for a 2 to 5 week period
during summer. CLOVER MITE, EUROPEAN EARWIG and BOXELDER BUG commonly caused
household annoyance. A CASE-MAKING MOTH (Apterona crenulella) infested outsides

of several homes, as well as ornamentals and fruit trees about the homes. Chief
damage was to range plants in Cache, Box Elder, Rich and Weber Counties.
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES damaged many homes and buildings in various parts of the state.

- 869 -
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

COTTON JASSID* (Empoasca lybica (Bergevin) )

Economic Importance: This leafhopper is one of the most important pests on cotton
in the Sudan where it caused as much as 25 percent loss of the crop yearly in
areas of the Gezira Province prior to initiation of a control program in 1945.
This program, which has involved up to 250,000 acres annually, resulted in an
estimated saving of 225,000 bales (400 lbs. per bale) of lint cotton during the
period 1945-54. In Israel, E. lybica is responsible for considerable injury to
eggplant, tomato, pepper and potato. Damage to young eggplant is sometimes so
severe that the plantings are abandoned. Serious injury has aiso been recorded
on grapes, particularly in Spain. Feeding of the leafhopper produces "hopperburn"
or discoloration, curling, and drying of the foliage. This leads to stunting and
premature shedding of buds and fruit or death of plants.

Empoasca lybica Damage to Grape

Distribution: Wide range in Africa, from Mediterranean as far south as Tanganyika;
also Israel and Spain.

“1

ea Tee eer Le ee

r ;
ma! ee a = 2 rcs = =

General Distribution of Cotton Jassid

* So called green leafhopper (Cicadellidae, Hemiptera) No. 29 of Series

- 870 -

Hosts: Feeds on many plants; among more important are cotton, potato, tomato,
eggplant, okra, grapes and beans.

Life History and Habits: Under conditions in Sudan, adults migrate to small
cotton seedlings in August and populations reach peak by end of November then
decrease. Beginning in January the insects are found on eggplant and then on
other garden plants and weeds where they slowly breed until return to cotton

in August. Eggs are deposited in leaf tissue, especially on underside along

the main vein. Egg and nymphal periods last about 8 days each in summer but
adults may live for as long as two months. There may be several generations

a year, depending on climatical conditions; cold dry weather retards development.

Description: Adults - male 2.7 mm., female 3 mm. in length. Wings light green
or golden yellow, one third longer than abdomen. Vertex regularly rounded at
apex, ornamented with 3 inconspicuous whitish lines; pronotum unicolored trans-
parent, greenish. Head and pronotum approximately equal in width. Scutellum
with 2 semi-callose whitish lines, not very prominent. Body light green without
black stripes or spots. Tarsal claws dark brown to black. Nymphs are whitish

at first but soon become concolorous green or yellowish-green. (Prepared in Plant
Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 7 (45) 11-8-57

Adult Genitalia
Empoasca lybica
Figures (except map): Adult and damage to grape from Ruiz Castro, A. 1950. Bol.

de Patol. Vegetal y Ent. Agr. 17:111-162. Genitalia and damage to leaf from Ruiz
Castro, A. 1944. Fauna Ent. de la Vid en Espana. II. (Hemiptera). 189 pp. Madrid.

v

7 7
. ‘ Hie)
7" :
i if ay)
Dt ye
7 t
.
’
7 aire uy
ri CAM ee OR

(2. wliocaeayy

sd

reer

N
<4

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

wens

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued

jit

weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

©
.)
~ ae

ge
ee al

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 November 15, 1957 Number 46

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

Percentage infestation and counts of EUROPEAN CORN BORER during fall survey

highest since 1954 in South Dakota. Not anticipating serious infestation in 1958

in Illinois. (p. 873).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID reported for first time in Ohio. Populations light in
Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. (p. 874).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY trapped in Florida for first time in about 50 days.
(p. 874).

Spread of JAPANESE BEETLE in the United States. (p. 875).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT reported in Pasco County Florida for first time. (p. 876).

Summary of FRUIT INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957, NEW YORK ~ NEW ENGLAND STATES. (p.

Insects not known to occur in the United States. (p. 883).

2 2 2 eg ke 2 2 2K 2 ie ie 2 2 aE a ig i a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ok

Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 8 unless otherwise
designated.

878)

- 872 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 11

The approach of the winter season was felt throughout the Nation this week as

polar air mass conditions dominated the weather picture both early and late in
the period and temperatures for the week averaged below normal in practically

all sections.

Warming trends and areas of heaviest precipitation were associated with three low
pressure disturbances. One of Gulf origin dumped as much as 6 to 8 inches of

rain in northeastern Texas and produced a record flood at Hagansport on the
Sulphur River (see flood story). The second an extensive storm center accompanied
by winds of 40 to 50 m.p.h. from the northern and central plains of the Appa-
lachians brought significant snow falls to the Lakes Region and generous rains to
New England. At the close of the period an offshore storm to the Northwest
was producing heavy rains along the northern Pacific Coast.

Weekly precipitation totals were moderate to heavy in the areas reached by the
above mentioned storms while the Peninsula of Florida, extreme southern Arizona,
eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon and northern Idaho received little or
none. The rain producing effects of the Gulf disturbance reached from eastern
Texas northwestward into Colorado, northward into Kansas and northeastward into
the Ohio Valley and to the western slopes of the Appalachians. The rain received
at Dallas, Texas ,by the 6th brought the total so far this year to 50.80 inches
which already exceeds any annual total observed in that station's history. A
total of the past four weeks precipitation for the Boot Hill, Mo. ,area shows that
23 to 3 times the normal amount has been received.

Only in extreme southern Texas, eastern Maine and southern New England were tem-
perature averages above normal this week. In north central Texas temperatures
exceeded -9° as they also did in central Wyoming and portions of Iowa and Missouri.
Cool weather prevailed throughout most of the week in the West with daytime tem-
peratures in the southwest desert areas rarely exceeding 80°. Throughout other
sections of the far south maxima generally were confined to the upper 60's and 70's
early in the period and upper 50's and 60's the last few days, with 80° readings
observed only along the Gulf Coast of Texas and in southern Florida. Near the
weekend temperatures stayed below the freezing level during the daytime at some
north central Canadian Border locations and on one or more days record low tem-
peratures for so early in the season were observed in Indiana and near record lows
for the date in Pennsylvania. Minnesota reported its first subzero weather to
date this fall as did New York State.

Snowfall was heavy in northeast Ohio where 15 inches was reported on Saturday.
In northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and along the Lake Shore lines in
Pennsylvania and New York 4-to 5-inch falls were common while 7-and 8-inch falls
were reported in Michigan at Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette. Light snow fell
on the Dakotas during the week and heavy snowfalls were reported in the mountain
sections of Colorado. On the llth a 4-inch cover of snow was reported on the
ground at Foda Springs in California.

Severe thunder storm and tornado activity were observed in the South from Texas
eastward to North Carolina about midperiod. In Jefferson and Orange Connties of
Texas tornadoes took 4 lives, injured 140 persons and resulted in damage approxi-
mately estimated at 4 million dollars. Power lines were downed, trees uprooted
and a house roof lifted at Fillmore, Louisiana on Thursday with tornado reports
in the area. Localized storm damage was reported in several areas of North
Carolina on Friday with several persons injured and some livestock killed.
(Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 873 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Average number of borers per
100 plants in 9 counties in the Platte Valley district (from Buffalo to Scotts
Bluff Counties) is 106.45. Average percent infestation is 47.61 percent.
(Andersen). ILLINOIS - Populations in fall survey ranged from non-economic in
southern and eastern areas to light in northern and moderate in western and
central areas. Counts were as high as 244 and 271 per 100 stalks in Hancock and
Jersey Counties respectively. Lower counts were generally present in moderate
area. At present there is apparently rather large incidence of disease which is
somewhat different situation than found in past. Presently not anticipating a
serious European corn borer problem in 1958. (111. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Average of 235 fields surveyed during fall infestation survey was 79 percent
infested with 339 borers per 100 plants. Percentage infestation and borer
counts highest since 1954. (Hantsbarger).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Aphids collected on oats and rye
in Barnwell County (CEIR 7(45: 861) determined as T. graminum by E.W. King.
(Nettles). TEXAS - Found in small numbers on wheat in Oldham, Deaf Smith, Castro,
Parmer, Swisher, Briscoe, Floyd and Hale Counties. Heaviest populations in Castro
and Parmer Counties. No economic damage found in any of infested counties. None
found north of Amarillo. Lady beetles present in several fields. (Daniels).

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Damaged wheat margins in north plains area. (Daniels).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - DELAWARE - Continues on wheat, some
places in each county. (Milliron, Conrad).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - DELAWARE - Prevalent on wheat, one
location, New Castle County.’ (Milliron, Conrad).

A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Injuring St.
Augustine grass in Warren County. (Hutchins).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults continue active in alfalfa,
most locations throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - DELAWARE - Adults common in alfalfa
fields, generally. (Milliron, Conrad).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Numerous on alfalfa, one area
in New Castle County. (Milliron, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Larvae average approximately
2 per square yard in one alfalfa field in Haskell County. (Bower, Washum) .

STRIPED GARDEN CATERPILLAR (Polia legitima) - VIRGINIA - On late field corn in
Washington County, October 20. Population was one larva per 25 plants. Det.
H. W. Capps. (Morris).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Still found in alfalfa fields
left for seed in Republican Valley area. Counts average 80 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Numerous in alfalfa in Haskell County. (Bower, Washum) .

LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Active on warm days in alfalfa and in orchards in northern
area. (Knowlton).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Populations
approximately 2 larvae per square yard in one alfalfa field in Haskell County.
(Bower, Washum) .

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Slight drop in population in Republican
Valley area. Counts average 140 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). UTAH - Still
numerous in some alfalfa fields Box Elder and Weber Counties. (Knowlton).
DELAWARE —- Continues common to numerous locally on alfalfa, many locations
throughout State. (Milliron, Conrad).

- 874 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OHIO - Limited populations (less

than one per sweep) found October 17 in Hamilton County east of Cincinnati. Small
numbers taken in fields in Clermont and Brown Counties on October 23. Eastern-
most record occurred near Higginsport. Infestations confined to areas close to
Ohio River. (Weaver, Goleman). First records from State. NEBRASKA - Little change
in population in Republican Valley area. Counts remain 420 per 100 sweeps.
(Andersen). TEXAS - Very light on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph). OKLAHOMA - None found in Haskell County. (Bower, Washhum). Populations
light over State. Counts in central area rarely over 150 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock,

Campbell).

FRUIT INSECTS

A LYONETIID (Bucculatrix sp.) - MARYLAND - Cocoons' found on apple twigs in Washing-
ton County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestation in weakened or
diseased trees and in neglected peach orchards in Fort Valley area. (Snapp, Oct.
28).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Trapped in Manatee County
on November 6. First find in about 50 days. (H. Denmark).

FRUIT FLIES - CALIFORNIA - All Purpose trapping continues in eight southern
counties. A total of 3,476 multiple-purpose traps on 1,700 properties in active
operation. No fruit flies found during week ending November 8. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - OREGON - Damaging a blueberry
planting in Lincoln County in early November. (Rosenstiel).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Feeding on turnip, southwestern Kent
County. (Milliron, Conrad).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - On commercial lettuce, one location,
New Castle County, and on cauliflower, central Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - No infestation found.
Total of 1,295 bushels of gin trash and 950 green bolls inspected. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Thirty dead larvae recovered in recent inspections of 9 lint
cleaners and 4 gin stands in Garvin, Bryan, Marshall, Love and Tillman Counties
during week ending October 31. During week ending November 7, 21 larvae found;

15 from lint cleaner and 6 from gin stands in south central counties. From work
accomplished, a much lighter infestation exists than at same time in 1956. (Fed.-
State PBW Proj.)

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) -— VIRGINIA - Larvae light on white pines
in nursery in Richmond on October 24. Plants apparently collected in southwestern
Virginia. Det. H. W. Capps. (Freund).

SCALES - ALABAMA - Icerya purchasi caused severe damage to several species of
ornamental plants in several different parts of State (Arant) and Pulvinaria sp.
caused slight damage to mimosa trees in Henry County (Ruffin).

vasn ‘Suy ut pesedesg

@9U01IND90 pajdjos} @
9s6l-0se| ZH
6v6l-2v6l ZA
Ip6l-€c6! BRS
2e6!-9261 FJ
Sz6l-916) Hi

- 875 -

SGLVLS GHLINN NI WLLaada ASANVdVe AO Gvauds

- 876 -

RED WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens) - FLORIDA - Five anthurium plants (Anthurium
sp.) found infested at Cutler, Dade County, were destroyed. No other Known

infestation in State. (H. Denmark, Swanson, Butler).

A LILAC RUST MITE (Vasates massalongoi) - VIRGINIA - Seriously damaging a lilac
bush in Richmond, August 28. Det. H. H. Keifer. (Matheny).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OREGON - Present in cattle in Gilliam County. (Every).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Infesting 577 of 597 sheep
inspected in State during October: 490 were dipped. (Va. Livestock Health Bull.,
VMOw toile) Now lG)y

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Found on approximately 5 percent of 400 animals examined.
Populations light in all cases. (Allison, Howell, Pippin).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) —~ QKLAHOMA - Small numbers in backs of 10 percent
of 400 cattle examined. Maximum number in one animal 52. (Allison, Howell,
Pippin).

FLIES - UTAH - House and blowflies are troublesome and very numerous in some
Washington County communities. (Knowlton).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - VIRGINIA - Counts on untreated cattle in Montgomery
County averaged 1.3 per animal on October 21, O on October 26, and 0.3 on
November 5. (Hargett). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10-15 per animal on untreated cattle
in Harper and Woodward Counties. (Allison, Howell, Pippin).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ALABAMA - Unusually large numbers around dairy
barns. (Guyton).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A PARASITE (Apanteles glomeratus) - DELAWARE - Infests approximately one-third
of Pieris protodice in Kent County. (Milliron, Conrad).

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA - Populations per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley are:
Nabids-40, lacewings-40 and lady beetles-60. (Andersen).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED GRAIN PESTS - ALABAMA - The larvae of dark mealworm and Angoumois grain
moth were numerous in stored grain in Lee County while yellow mealworm, Cadelle,
red flour beetle and cigarette beetle were causing light damage to stored grain.
(Guyton).

HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) - ALABAMA - Large numbers found in feed supple-
ments in Lee County. (Guyton).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Found for first
time in Pasco County on October 17, three miles north of Hillsborough County line,
one mile west of U.S.* Highway 41 near Land O'Lakes. (Bittner, Nov. 1).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - TEXAS - Infesting dogs and homes in
Brazos County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Numerous in few homes most larger towns in
State. (Laird)).

- 877 -

CLUSTER FLIES - UTAH - Great numbers have been considerable problem in some
homes in Logan. (Knowlton).

A STRATIOMYIID (Hermetia illucens) - ALABAMA - Large numbers of larvae in
ensilage in Lee Tounty. (Guyton).

A FLAT BUG (Aradus shermani) - FLORIDA - Collected at Gainesville, Alachua
County. Believed to be new record for State. (H. Denmark).

SILVERFISH ((Lepisma saccharina) - UTAH - Abundant in some homes in northern
area. (Knowlton).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MARYLAND - Heavy
infestation in boards under porch of home at Gaithersburg. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
ALABAMA - Swarming in dwelling house in Lee County. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI -
Killed three-year-old apple tree in Newton County. (Hutchins).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Anticar. Laphyg. Heliothis

unip. yps. orn. gemm. frug. zea

ALABAMA (Counties)

De Kalb 11/2 6 2 "/

Lee 11/2, 5, 7 65 14 10 all 4
FLORIDA

Gainesville 11/5 iL 2 1

Quincy 10/22 20 53 21

Monticello 10/22 4 2

Sanford 10/23 8 a
GEORGIA (County)

Trt) 10/28) 29, 11/1 13 i 1
MARYLAND (County)

Montgomery 6 1
NEBRASKA (Counties)

Scotts Bluff 10/28-11/3 23 42

Box Butte 10/24-30 2 2

Lincoln 10/24-31 560 165 iL
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Charleston 10/28-11/3 6 1 8 TL

Florence 11/2-8 60 26 8 241 2 9
TENNESSEE (Counties)

Madison 10/29-11/4 122 17 2 86

Maury 100 3 3 6 34

Knox 36 10 7 3 9

Blount 17 3 9

Johnson 5 3 al
TEXAS

Beaumont 10/16-31 20 39 23

Greenville 10/16-31 34 7 60

- 878 -

FRUIT INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957
NEW YORK - NEW ENGLAND STATES
New York - New England Fruit Spray Specialists' Conference
November 6, 1957

This summary has been compiled from reports submitted by cooperators in each state
or area. (E. H. Wheeler).

Symbols: G - of general concern as contrasted to L - of local importance only.
O - negligible; 1, slight (Less than 5% losses and/or injury) minimum effort gave
satisfactory protection; 2, moderate (5-20% losses) satisfactory control required
full program with good timing; 3, serious (20% up) special effort or emergency
treatments required above and beyond a normal full program of preventive measures.

New York
CROP AND PEST Me. Nie Hl Vibe Mass. Rieke Conn. Hudson Champ.
Valley Valley

APPLE
Plum curculio G-1 G-1 G-1 G-1 G-1 G-3 G-2 G-1
Apple maggot G-1l G-1

L-2 G-1 L-3 L-2 L-1 G-3 G-2 L-2
Codling moth G-1 G-1 G-1

L-2 L-1 G-2 L-2 L-2 G-1 G-1l
a Gale ee =—=-. > Ga ol SS Lol. Bill 2 f= ne? flnG—. nee
R. B. Leaf roller G-0 1-3 G-1 G-1 L-1 L-3 G-2
Apple sawfly L-0O G-0 L-1
Bud moth G-1 L-1 L-1 L-O L-1 L-2
Rosy apple aphid G-0 L-1 G-1 L-1 L-1
Apple aphid G-O G G-0O

L-1 1-2 G-O G-2 G-1 L-1 L-1 G-2
White apple
leafhopper G-0 L-1 G-0O L-1 L-1 L-1
European G-0 G G
red mite 2 L=2\9G=1 2-3) (G=1 G-1 G-2 1-2 G-2
“Jn © =: willie 11> G=0 aTStim Gis. - pe iG=ls colnet” Ea en cme Ca) an
2-spotted mite L-2 G-1 L-2 L-2 G-1 G-3 1-2 L-2
Clover mite L-1 L-0O
Yellow mite L-0O L-O
Red bug & Tarn- G-0 L-1I G-1 G-1 = “G1. 7 bn on G=.— eee

ished plant bug L-O 2-3

- 879 -

CROP AND PEST Me. N. 5 Wide ass. Reales Conn. New Yor
(Continued) Hudson Champ.
Valley Valley

San Jose scale L-0 13 L-1 G-2 L-0
G-O
Oystershell scale L-O L-1 L-O L-0 L-0O L-1
Japanese leafhopper L-O
Tentiform
leaf miner G-1l

Apple leaf
curling midge G-1

Fruit tree G
leaf roller 0-1

PEAR
Pear psylla G-1 G-1 G-1 G-2 L-O
Pear midge L-0O

Blister mite L-1

Codling moth G-1

European red mite L-1

Pear leaf
blister mite L-1

PEACH
Plum curculio G-1

O. Fruit moth G-2 G-2 G-2 L-1

Peach tree borers G-1 G-1 L-1

2-spotted mite G-1

European red mite G-1

=880r=

CROP AND PEST Me. ING ds Vite Mass. Re oe Conn. New York
(Continued) Hudson Champ.
Valley Valley

CHERRY

Fruit flies G-2 L-0O
Plum curculio G-2
Black aphid G-1 L-0O

Plum curculio L-1l L-1 G-3
Plum aphid G-1l
European L-2 G-1 L-1 G-2
red mite Tow
Plum gouger G-1
HEA, svelte L-2
lecanium

PE G- L
Berry moth L-1 L-1l G-1 G-2 0-1
Cane girdler L-0O L-0O
Leafhopper L-1 G-0O

L

Tomato & Blister L-1 G-1l G-1 G-1 0-1
galls
BLUEBERRY (cult.) L
Acrobasis vaccinii 1-2 G-0O G-1
Weevil
Anthonomus musculus L-1 G-1
Stem borer G-1 L-2
a ea EAE AA... .~*~*~*~*~*~*#
Blueberry maggot L-2 L-3 G-2
Cherry fruitworm G-2

BLUEBERRY (Wild)
Blueberry maggot L-1 G-1 G-l

- 881 -

CROP AND PEST Me. N. H. Wigo Mass. Io) IE Conn. New York
Hudson Champ
Valley Valley

STRAWBERRY

Weevil G-3 L-1 L-1 L-1 L-1 L-0O

Rootworm L-1 L-0O

White grubs G-1 L-1 L-2 L-1 L-0O

Spittlebugs G-2 L L-2 L-1 G-1 G-1 G
1-3 0-1

Leaf roller L-1 L-2 L-1 L-O

2-spotted mite L-O L-3 L-1 G-1 G-1 L-1

G-0 G L

Cyclamen mite L-2 1-2 G-1 1-2 L-1 L-0

ee

Cutworms 1-2 L-3

White fly L-1

Crown borer L-1

RASPBERRY

Fruitworm (Byturus sp.) L-2 L-1 L-0

Pe an hean cS Te Cer iar so ce a oe Oo = OED Gets Taian Giese Ninna ane

Cane borer G-1 L-1 L-1 L-3 L-O

2-spotted mite L-3 L-2 L-1 G-1

GENERAL FEEDERS G-1

Japanese beetle L-2 L-1 L-2 L-2 G-2 G-1

Rose chafer L-1 L-3 L-O G-2 G-1 L-2

- 882 -

New Distribution Records: None.

Unusual Outbreaks: MASSACHUSETTS - local infestations of Europeon cornborer in
drops; blister mite on pears and apples; late 2-spotted mite; and twig injury by
oriental fruit moth. MAINE - Cyclamen mite is probably building up over last year;
populations this season took sharp upward climb. NEW YORK - (Hudson Valley) :

A gall midge (Itonida viticola); a grape filbert gall (Schizomyia coryloides) .
(Champlain Valley): Despite minimum temperature on night of January 14,of -33°F
fOm=— "GO. there was a rather early buildup of European red mite in some
orchards. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Red-banded leafroller on apple: Two-spotted mites on
strawberry and raspberry. VERMONT - Heavier than usual apple maggot infestations
in some orchards where late season sprays were omitted.

Unusual Contributing Factors: MASSACHUSETTS - Oriental fruit moth: lack of peach
fruit and spraying. Two-spotted mite: extreme winter cold reduced overwintering
population and thus cooler August delayed development. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Dry
weather. VERMONT - Widespread late bloom time frost damage to Delicious and
Cortland. Dry conditions during primary scab control time favored control.

- 883 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

WINTER MOTH (Operophtera brumata (L.))

Economic Importance: This pest was first known to be present in North America in
1949 when it was found in Nova Scotia, Canada. Apparently it was well established
in the area by that time and it has continued to spread within the Province, Severe
defoliation has occurred on such major hosts as apple, oak, maple, elm and basswood.
A local outbreak at Grand Pre in 1955 caused about 80 percent defoliation of un-
treated apple orchards and various hardwood species. Insecticides were necessary
against this insect and the fall cankerworm in many orchards during 1956 to prevent
serious defoliation and marring of fruit. Winter moth has been recognized as a
major pest of fruit and forest trees for many years in areas of the Old World. An
outbreak in central Poland in 1935-36 caused complete defoliation of forest trees.
Hazel trees are sometimes severely defoliated in extensive areas of Italy. Serious
losses on fruits are recorded in the British Isles, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Algeria
and parts of USSR. Loss from the pest amounted to 90,000 pounds sterling in the
Vistula region of Germany between 1916-20. Studies in Holland between 1941-43
showed O. brumata was the most harmful insect on cherry flowers in that country.

Damage to cherries and hazel twig by Operophtera brumata.

General Distribution of Winter moth

Geometridae, Lepidoptera No. 30 of Series

- 884 -

Distribution: Most of Europe, USSR (European part and Soviet Far East), Japan,
Algeria, Tunisia and Nova Scotia.

Hosts: Attacks deciduous fruits including apple, plum, cherry, quince, pear,
apricot, peach, gooseberry and currant; hardwood trees such as oak, birch, walnut,
beech, elms, hornbeam and various ornamentals.

Life History and Habits: In the British Isles, the life history is as follows:
Adults appear from October to January, males flying in the evening being attracted
to lights. Females emerge from the soil and ascend tree trunks to deposit eggs
after fertilization. They cannot fly. The eggs, as many as 350 per female, are
placed on branches and terminals. Larvae hatch in March and April when buds reach
the breaking stage. They burrow into fruit buds, then feed in blossoms and loosely
webbed leaves. Before maturity the larvae migrate over the tree, feeding freely

on foliage and young fruit. By mid-June they drop to ground, enter soil and spin
cocoons in which they pupate.

Description: Adult - Male wing expanse 25 to 32 mm., forewings light brown-gray
with several faint transverse bands. Hindwings pale grayish-white. Antennae
simple. Body slender. Female wings reduced to stumps, body gray to grayish-brown.
Abdomen prominent. Legs long. Eggs light green changing to light orange, surface
pitted, about 0.5 mm. in length. Young larva dirty-green with dark head. Full
grown larva 25 mm. long, green with dark dorsal line and three yellow stripes along
each side; head dark-brown. Pupa light brown, encased in loose flimsy cocoon.
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.).
CEIR 7 (46) 11-15-57

Adults and larva of Operophtera brumata

Figures (except map): Adults and larva from Boas, J. E. V. 1923. Dansk
Forstzoologi. 763 pp. London. Damage to cherries from Frickhinger, H. W.

1955. Leitfaden der Schadlingsbekampfung. 505 pp. Stuttgart. Larval damage

to leaves from Silvestri, F. 1941. Contribuzioni alla Conoscenza degli Insetti
Dannosi e dei Loro Simbionti. Bol. del R. Lab. di Ent. Agr. di Portici 5:61-120.

Te tw

pre
Ea

Weinc
Coa

Tuo
UUs

RR
7 iio 2

pe) Pane lysines
is es Lace er
At t Enigtaner PY
aelipee F e an

yate /
vue : any
; . re ‘ y
his he | 1 hh if Hy i) penne re

Been:

i aS

ARS
Many
Meter agit seen

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

SOQ wits }
eS

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

thea tugs

Volume 7 November 22, 1957 Number 47

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found in Grant and Saline Counties, Arkansas, for the
first time. (p. 887).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in Republican Valley of Nebraska. (p. 887).

BOLL WEEVIL hibernation counts in Mississippi, fall of 1957. (p. 888).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT reported for first time in Dade County, Florida. (p. 889).

ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 890).

CORRECTION (p. 890).

Insects not known to occur in the United States. (p. 891).

DEK 2 2 2K 2 2 EE 2 2 EEE 2 EE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ok

Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 15 unless otherwise
designated.

- 886 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-NOVEMBER TO MID-DECEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-November to mid-December calls for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the western half of the
nation, especially in the far Southwest. Above normal temperatures are predicted
for the eastern third of the country with greatest departures in New England. In
the intervening area near normal is anticipated. Precipitation amounts are ex-
pected to exceed normal over most areas of the country except for near normal in
the Southeast, Pacific Northwest, and the Southern Plains. A considerable portion
of the precipitation predicted for the Western Lake Region, Northern Plains, and
Rocky Mountain area is expected to be in the form of snow.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook",
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a
half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 18

Highlighting this week's weather were the heavy snowfalls which extended from the
central and southern Plateau, Rocky Mountain, and Plain regions into the middle
and upper Mississippi Valley and northern Lakes region, and the severe late season
thunderstorm and tornado activity of the Southeast which was mainly concentrated
in the Gulf States. Activity at the beginning of the week centered around off-
shore storms to the northwest and in the Gulf of Mexico. As the latter moved
inland and northeastward, excessive rains fell on the lower Mississippi, Tennessee,
and Ohio Valleys, with Augusta, Ark., recording a weekly total of 11.42 inches,
and Paducah, Ky., 8.57 inches; while the west coast storm brought a 24-hour fall
of 4.14 inches to Round Mountain, Calif., and 5 to 6 inch totals were observed in
western Oregon and Washington. Progressing slowly eastward to the Idaho-Montana
border, the Northwest storm moved southeastward toward the Oklahoma Panhandle.
Again reversing directions it moved out over the Great Lakes and north of New
England. In the meantime, cold air pushed in behind over the northern Plains and
a third storm center, originating in Mexico, began a northeastward course towards
the Lake region. Severe storm activity was forecast and observed in southeastern
sections from Wednesday through Monday. On Sunday, 13 communities in Alabama and
Mississippi were reported struck by tornadoes resulting in several deaths and much
property damage, and another twister was reported in a suburb of Fort Worth, Texas.
On Monday, tornado reports were received from Danville, Ky., Nashville, Tenn., and
Birmingham, Ala., while with the passage of a cold front and thunderstorm activity
winds of 92 m.p.h. were clocked at Morgantown, W. Va., early Tuesday morning.
Weekend and Monday snows accumulated falls of 9 to 12 inches in parts of Kansas,
Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and a l-inch depth was reported on the
ground as far south as the Oklahoma Panhandle on Monday morning. Depths measured
8 inches in the Black Hills of South Dakota, 1 to 10 inches in the valleys of
northern New Mexico, 7 inches at Soda Springs, Calif., and up to 4 feet at Snow
Bowl, Ariz.

Weekly precipitation amounts were moderate to heavy in Oregon, Washington,
northern California, southern Idaho, western North Dakota, and also from eastern
portions of the southern and central Plains northeastward into the Great Lakes
region and eastward to the coast. Mainly excluded from the above areas were
southern Florida and some sections of the Middle Atlantic States, where totals
were generally light as they were elsewhere throughout the country. Average
temperatures were above normal except in the Southwest where departures for the
week were near normal to as much as 6° below in parts of California and Nevada.
Departures along the Gulf Coast averaged as much as +6° to +9° where on Saturday
temperatures reached the upper 80's to equal or exceed records for so late in the
season at several locations from Mississippi to Florida. (Summary supplied by
U. S. Weather Bureau). ,

- 887 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - One larva found in sorghum
in Grant County. New record for county. (Boyer, Nov. 9). ALABAMA - Fall abun-
dance survey was conducted in four counties. The estimated average number of
borers per 100 stalks was 43 in Lauderdale County, 122 in Colbert County, 276 in
Marshall County and 122 in De Kalb County. (Grimes).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - One percent of
sorghum stalks were infested in Grant County and infesting 2 percent of corn stalks
in one field in Saline County. New county records. This species entered western
Arkansas and moved eastward. It has moved much farther east in north and central
Arkansas than in southern part of the State. This may be due to small acreage of
corn in area with scattered fields separated by large tracts of pine. (Boyer,

Nov. 9). Found in Lee County for first time. (Wall, Boyer).

GRASSHOPPERS - WYOMING - Damage to winter wheat in 150,000 acres in areas of Laramie,
Platte, and Goshen Counties was estimated not to exceed one or two percent. (PPC,
West. Reg., Oct. Rept.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 36 per 10 sweeps in
Clark County. (Boyer, Nov. 9). NEBRASKA - Continues to decrease in Republican
Valley. Counts average 60 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Population very low in Republican
Valley. Counts range from 1 to 2 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

CUTWORMS - FLORIDA - Larvae of Agrotis ypsilon averaged 10-12 per square foot of
soil and larvae of Feltia subterranea averaged 5 per square foot of soil in 233 _
acres of oats at Quincy, Gadsden County. (Tappan, Nov. 7). VIRGINIA - Larvae of F.
subterranea very heavy in peanut field in Nansemond County, September 25. Det. H. —
W. Capps. (Morris, Ward).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae in soil in a Ladino
clover field in Pamlico County, November 6. (Stovall, Farrier).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARKANSAS - None found in alfalfa in

Clark County. (Boyer, Nov. 9). NEBRASKA - Increasing in Republican Valley; counts
average 720 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Counts average 140 per 100 sweeps in
Republican Valley. (Andersen).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 35 per
10 sweeps in Clark County. (Boyer, Nov. 9).

PAINTED BEAUTY (Vanessa virginiensis) - VIRGINIA - Larvae light on soybean foliage
near weeds at edge of field in Accomac County, October 2. Det. H.W. Capps. (Morris).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSOURI - Three additional fields
in New Madrid County and one in Pemiscot County found infested during October.
(PPC, Cent. Reg.).

FRUIT INSECTS

A FLATHEADED BORER~SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused unusually heavy injury to young pecan
trees in Anderson County. (Nettles et al.).

- 888 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - ALABAMA - Causing light damage to
rutabagas in Lee County. (Grimes) .

COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Hibernation Counts, Mississippi, Fall, 1957: Collections of wood
trash were begun on November I and completed on November 6. Early sampling was
possible because of a heavy killing frost over the area on October 25 and 26,

Two square yards were included in each sample and three samples were taken per
location. Either 7 or 8 locations were sampled per county. The State was divided
into four areas, four counties per area, which were as follows: 1. Lower delta —-
Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo, Humphreys; 2. Central delta - Washington, Bolivar,
Sunflower, Leflore; 3. North delta - Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman, Panola; 4. Hill
section - Holmes, Madison, Noxubee, Monroe. Ninety samples were taken from 30
locations in the 4 areas totaling 360 samples for the State. The average number
of weevils per acre in areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5243, 6269, 11,264, and 4087
respectively. The average number per acre for the State was 6716 compared with
2091 in 1956 and 5054 in 1955. The range in numbers per location was 0 to 85,498
compared with O to 35,719 in 1956 and O to 27,830 in 1955. (Merkl, Furr, Pfrimmer,
Lloyd, Watkins).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE SAWFLIES - ARKANSAS - Larvae of Neodiprion sp. appeared on pine in northern
Union County. Extent and severity of infestations not known at present. (Warren,
Nov. 9). VIRGINIA - Larvae of probably Neodiprion lecontei feeding on pine at
Stanardsville, October 24. (Rowell, Decker). Many reports of defoliation by
Neodiprion lecontei reported in Southern States. A species tentatively identified
as Neodiprion exitans found on loblolly pine in southwest MISSISSIPPI, southern
LOUISIANA and east TEXAS during September and early October. Defoliation was
generally light, with N. exitans apparently increasing and becoming more wide-
spread. More noticeable defoliation may take place next spring and fall in
localized areas. (Sou. For. Pest Rept., Oct. 30).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - Continues serious in ALABAMA,
especially in east central area. Flare-ups in TEXAS and MISSISSIPPI being con-
trolled. (Sou. For. Pest Rept., Oct. 30).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - In parts of northern MISSISSIPPI ,
LOUISIANA and TEXAS trees of commercial size were heavily infested. Activity has
been more than usual. (Sou. For. Pest Rept. ,Oct. 30).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - MARYLAND - Infesting pines at Oxon
Hill. Det. H.S. McConnell and J.A. Davidson. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - MARYLAND - Infesting junipers at Suitland and
at Seat Pleasant. Det. H.S. McConnell and J.A. Davidson. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

COCKROACHES - TEXAS - Supella supellectilium and Periplaneta americana infesting
a house in College Station. (Turney).

FLEAS - VIRGINIA — Very heavy and damaging to poultry on farm in Isle of Wight
County, October 7. (Rowell, Bragg).

- 889 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - NEBRASKA - Average per 100 sweeps in Republican Valley are lady
beetles - 20, nabids - 40, and Chrysopa - 3.

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - OREGON - Reported frequently in stored
walnuts from several Willamette Valley locations last few weeks. (Capizzi).

STORED GRAIN PESTS - OREGON - Damage very light in 12 establishments inspected in
Umatilla, Baker, and Grant Counties week of November 3. No khapra beetle found.
(Chinn) .

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Damaging sills under home in
Cambria, Montgomery County. (Morris, Hepler).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - OREGON - Causing concern to home owners
at various locations in Willamette Valley. (Capizzi). UTAH - Troublesome in
number of homes. (Knowlton).

FIRE ANTS - TEXAS - Solenopsis geminata reported in Calhoun County and §. xyloni
infesting pastures in Houston County. (Turney). ri

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Averaged
hundreds per can inhibiscus in Ornamental nursery at Miami, Dade County. (Daigle,
Oct. 29). First reported find in this county. (H. Denmark).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. lLaphyg. Heliothis Feltia

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea subter.
ARKANSAS
Stuttgart 10/31-11/13 315 40 18
Fayetteville 11/2-16 556 54 4 33
FLORIDA
Gainesville 11/14 1
Sanford 11/6 al 7
Monticello 11/12 1
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 11/11-14 1 2
NEBRASKA (County)
Lincoln 11/1-7 116 44 16
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 11/4-17 17 10 7 3 4 10
Oconee 11/2-15 29 7 1 1 1 3 3
Florence 11/9-15 6 3 1
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 11/5-11 148 23 6 4 25
Robertson 11 10 4
Knox 7 2 2 3 2 2
Blount 6 1 3
Johnson 14 4 25 2
TEXAS
Brownsville 10/27-11/9 5 3 10 5 271 28 44

- 890 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

CALIFORNIA - Very light infestations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID present in Solano
County, light to medium in Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange Counties, and
light in San Diego County except in one field in desert area which was heavy.

TREE CRICKETS damaged 10 percent of the apples in Calv eras County. CITRUS RED
MITE activity increased in San Diego County in Septemper and during October heavy
infestation occurred in a few orchards. Infestations were light during October

in San Bernardino County and light to severe damage to citrus in western Riverside
County. CITRUS RUST MITE widespread and increasing with some damage reported in
San Diego County during October. AVOCADO RED MITE numerous but damage light in
San Diego County. Medium infestations of CITRUS THRIPS occurred in parts of
Orange County; scarring more noticeable than usual in San Diego County; and a
larger number of heavily infested orchards in Los Angeles County than at anytime
since organic phosphates came into general use. Infestations of BLACK SCALES
heavy in some citrus groves in San Diego County with beneficial insects active,
light in Orange and San Bernardino Counties. A SCARABAEID (Cotinis texana) was
reported for first time in Escondido area in San Diego County on peach. Light

to heavy infestations of GREEN PEACH APHID on potato fields in parts of Riverside
County, and heavy infestations of CORN EARWORM in tassels of sweet corn in
Riverside County. A heavy infestation of COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR occurred in cotton
in the Coachella Valley in Riverside County. Infestations of NAVEL ORANGEWORM
were more serious in almond orchards than any past year. Light infestations still
present in Solano County and a heavy infestation reported in stored almonds in
Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

OKLAHOMA - GRASSHOPPER egg surveys in northwestern and panhandle range areas
generally show light infestation with exception of areas along North Canadian
River in Texas and Cimmaron Counties which are light to threatening. Egg counts
varied from 0 to 1.8 pods per square foot. Most abundant species were Melanoplus
bilituratus, Aulocara elliotti, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum and Aeoloplides
turnbulli. Roadsides, field margins and cropland areas in northwestern and
panhandle counties were light to threatening. Average infestation in Harper,
Beaver and Texas Counties was 5.8 egg pods per square foot. Recent migration of
M. bilituratus from northern areas together with plentiful favorable deposition
areas increased potential danger areas to light to threatening. The destruction
of pods by predators was practically nil in all cropland areas examined. Live
adults of M. bilituratus were abundant in margins and roadsides, averaging 10-20
per square yard with scattered populations up to 30 per square yard. Destruction
of fall-seeded grains was approximately 5-10 percent in the panhandle. SPOTTED
ALFALFA APHID light in northwestern and panhandle areas; 40 to 75 per 10 sweeps
in Harper County. Counties farther east generally less. TARNISHED PLANT BUG
averaged 2-6 per 10 sweeps in northwestern counties. Light infestation of ALFALFA
CATERPILLAR in alfalfa in Harper County; 1-3 per 10 sweeps. Adults of SPOTTED
CUCUMBER BEETLE were congregating in alfalfa fields in central area. Counts 6-11
per 10 sweeps in Garfield County. (Coppock, Frazier). Larvae of SEED-CORN MAGGOT
averaged 12 per 100 spinach plants at Vegetable Research Station at Bixby, and
heavy infestation of SOUTHERN BEET WEBWORM in 70 acres of spinach in Haskell
County making it unmarketable. (Walton).

CORRECTION

Insects not Known to Occur in the United States, CEIR 7(34) :697 - Australian
distribution does not include Tasmania.

- 891 -
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

BEET BUG (Piesma quadratum (Fieber) )

Economic Importance: Adults of this piesmatid transmit the leaf crinkle virus
disease of sugar beets in Europe. The bug itself is considered a minor pest of
sugar beets, but in areas where it is responsible for transmission of the disease,

; it has caused losses up to 75 percent of
the yield and reduced the sugar content
of the roots by as much as 35 percent.
Between 1930 and 1935 in Poland the
disease spread over 6,400 square miles
and reduced the yield 50 percent in some
areas. Damage from leaf crinkle to sugar
beets on the European Continent is greater
than from all other pests and diseases
combined. The disease is often compared
with curly top in this country although
symptoms are not identical.

i 4 Distribution: Occurs throughout Europe
Crinkle Disease including the British Isles, in USSR and
Damage to Sugar Beet Tunisia.

180" 160"

General Distribution of Beet Bug

(Piesmatidae, Hemiptera) No. 31 of Series

- 892 -

Hosts: Known to feed on many plants, but completes development only on
Chenopodiaceae. Cultivated hosts include beets, spinach, mangold and garden
sorrel.

Life History and Habits: The overwintering adults emerge from April 15 to May 22
in Poland and migrate to beet fields. When no plants have sprouted, they feed

on wild Chenopodiaceae such as goosefoot. The eggs are deposited on underside of
the seed leaves or on the stem of the plant; hatching in 2 to 3 weeks. The nymphs
pass through 5 molts, total development lasting from 33 to 86 days. Overwintering
females deposit eggs until the end of August. Summer-generation adults usually
appear the second-half of June and start to enter hibernation around July 1. They
overwinter in edges of fields, grass borders and beneath trees and bushes. Gener-
ally, there is only one generation a year. The primary symptoms of leaf crinkle
disease on beets develop shortly after feeding and consist of light-colored spots.
Secondary symptoms develop after a latent period. Leaves become bent and crinkled
and turn inwards, often resembling loose lettuce. The veins are prominently white
and the leaf is brittle. The entire growth of the plant is retarded or arrested
and the sugar content diminished.

Description: The eggs are minute and oblong, averaging 0.64 mm. by 0.27 mm. in
Size, and honey-yellow in color. Newly hatched nymphs are at first orange-yellow
but turn green when mature. Adults are between 3 and 3.5 mm. long and from 1 to
1.5 mm. wide; gray in color with markings on the elytra. (Prepared in Plant Pest
Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 7 (47) 11-22-57

Adult and Fifth-instar Nymph of Piesma quadratum

Figures (except map) from Wille, J. 1929. Die Rubenblattwanze. Monog. zum
Pflanzenschutz 116 pp., Berlin.

. r Payeiny
: aie
re G)

\

=

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to: ;

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 November 29, 1957 Number 48

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CHAFER caused considerable lawn damage in Syracuse, New York. (p. 895).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continues active in areas of Kansas. (p. 895).

Fall abundance of APHID eggs on overwintering hosts of potato-infesting aphids
in northeastern Maine. (p. 897).

PINK BOLLWORM survey report. (p. 897).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM defoliation survey in Minnesota. (p. 900).

Notes on illustrations for field separation of FIRE ANTS. (p. 901).

Status of IMPORTED FIRE ANT (distribution map). (p. 902).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 903).

FOO IR RR RK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 22 unless otherwise
designated.

- 894 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 25

Western sections of the southern Great Plains with heavy snows and unseasonably
cold temperatures captured the weather headlines of the week. As strong north-
erly winds intermixed cold air with the warm moist conditions of the South, 5 to
6 inches of snow fell in eastern New Mexico and 2 to 4 inches in the Texas and
Oklahoma Panhandles on Thursday. Snowfalls of up to 5 or more inches in western
and northern Texas on Friday, extended southward as far as Laredo, Hondo, and
Austin by Saturday night. Following the snow, daily minimum temperatures and
record lows for so early in the season were equalled or exceeded at several loca-
tions, and subzero readings of-1° were observed at both Lubbock and Dalhart, Tex.,
on the 23rd. An extensive storm center moving out of the country over the Lakes
region early in the week, lingered over the Hudson Bay area of Canada to bring
generally light snows and significant rains to the northerly sections of the East.
Snowfalls of 10 to 16 inches were observed with this storm passage on the 18th
and 19th in southeastern Minnesota and northern and western sections of Wisconsin
and Michigan. The circulation of this storm brought a 6-to 12-inch snowfall to

a small area south of Buffalo, N. Y., and Erie, Pa. on the 21st. During the latter
part of the period, a Gulf storm brought the heaviest rains of the week to the
area from eastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma to the Atlantic coast, and low-
land flooding was reported in some areas. Precipitation totals

for the week were moderate to heavy in eastern Texas, throughout Louisiana, along
the Mississippi River and from there eastward. The main exception being central
Florida where amounts were light. Little or no precipitation was observed in
southern California, western Arizona, and eastern Montana. Weekly temperatures
averaged near to above normal along the California coast, in Montana and the
Dakotas, and east of a line extending from Pensacola, Fla., to Sault St. Marie,
Mich. Departures of-6° were common throughout the southern and central Plateau,
Rocky Mountains, and Plains States, with a-13° departure observed in western Texas.
The greatest plus departure was a +11° in northern Montana, with +6° or more
observed in New England and Florida. Extremely low temperatures were recorded in
western mountain sections early in the week, such as,-24° at West Yellowstone,
Mont., and Alamosa, Colo., and-35° at Fraser, Colo., but extensive warming had
taken place by the end of the period. Severe Santa Ana winds in southern
California on the 21st dried vegetables and topsoil, caused local damage to crops,
trees, electrical lines, and homes, and fanned forest fires which burned over an
estimated 28,000 acres in the San Gabriel Mountains. Small streams and lakes in
Minnesota are reported to be ice covered. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather
Bureau).

- 895 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - OKLAHOMA - Six larvae taken from 450
stalks of late, irrigated corn at Stillwater. (Arbuthnot). None found in 150 plants
examined in Carter County and 100 in Oklahoma County. (Coppock). KANSAS - The
percent infestation during fall abundance survey ranged from 58.4 percent in
Nemaha County to 90 percent in Doniphan County and the number of borers per 100
stalks ranged from 75 in Nemaha to 591 in Doniphan County. The infestation levels
and number of borers per 100 stalks are considerably higher than in 1956 in north-
eastern area. (Matthew) .

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - No overwintering
larvae found in 150 corn plants examined in Carter County. Seven plants infested
with 8 larvae (4 dead, 4 live) of 100 examined in Oklahoma County. (Coppock) .

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - A few Melanoplus differentialis and M. bilituratus remain
in roadsides and field margins in southern counties. Numbers approximate one per
square yard or less. (Coppock).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable damage to small grains, mainly oats,
in Horry County, and "yellows" noted on small grains in Anderson and Greenville
Counties. (Nettles et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Reports of severe infestations on
fall-seeded grain crops. (Insect Notes). OKLAHOMA - Common on roadside clover in
Marshall County; 30-70 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected on oats in Edgefield
County. Det. E. W. King. (Nettles et al.). KANSAS - None found in any wheat fields
surveyed in 18 central and western counties. (Matthew, Nov. 15).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - KANSAS - None found in wheat fields surveyed
in 18 central and western counties. (Matthew, Nov. 15).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - During latter part of October,
A. majalis grubs were discovered in a lawn area at New York State Experiment
Station at Geneva. Treatment planned immediately. Considerable lawn damage
occurred in Syracuse. (PPC, East. Reg., Oct. Rept.).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - CALIFORNIA - Four new infestations in
Imperial County, three in El Centro and one in Holtville, all on St. Augustine
grass. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa in Cloud County
averaged about 65 per 100 sweeps, both adults and nymphs present, and in Gray
County counts of adults were 12 per 100 sweeps. (Matthew, Nov. 15).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Generally 0-4 per 10 sweeps
in southern alfalfa fields. (Coppock) .

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - ALABAMA - Considerable numbers present in
vetch in Lee County. (Guyton).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Population remains low
in State. Counts generally from 0-20 per 10 sweeps in south central area.
(Coppock). ARIZONA - Almost non-existent in Yuma area since heavy rains of
October 28. Prior to that time, it was occurring in abundance, damaging some
fields and stands of new alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). KANSAS - Found in all
alfalfa fields examined in Clay, Cloud, Mitchell, Osborne, Rooks and Ottawa
Counties in north central area; Graham County in northwest; Trego, Gove, Logan

and Scott in west central; Finney, Gray and Ford in southwest; and Edwards, Pawnee,
Barton, Rice, McPherson and Saline in central area. Heaviest counts found in north
central counties and ranged from 15 to 300 aphids per 25 sweeps. Elsewhere pop-
ulations non-economic. (Matthew, Nov. 15). UTAH - T. maculata and Macrosiphum
pisi caused 25 percent loss to third crop alfalfa in area of Emery Co. (Knowlton).

- 896 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ALABAMA - Causing light damage to vetch in Lee
County. (Guyton). KANSAS - Found in several alfalfa fields in Cloud, Mitchell,
Osborne and Rooks Counties. Counts ranged from 14 to 30 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew,
Nov. 15).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - Negative inspections were made on 19
properties in Baldwin County, ALABAMA; 4,615 acres in Craighead, Crittenden and
Poinsett Counties, ARKANSAS; northwestern FLORIDA: 5 counties in GEORGIA; and in
Bolivar, De Soto, Coahoma, Tunica and Washington Counties, MISSISSIPPI. Inspections
were made in Camden, Pender and New Hanover Counties, NORTH CAROLINA, resulting in
the finding of three properties totaling 76 acres in New Hanover County and one
property in Pender County totaling 7 acres infested with soybean cyst nematode.

(PPC Sou. Reg., Oct. Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - In eastern area of MEXICO, 250 traps
were set out in strategic Iocations. At close of October, all traps were inspected
with negative results. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). Traps in operation ALABAMA, LOUISIANA,
MISSISSIPPI, and TEXAS were checked twice during October; results negative. Trapping
in Chilton County, Alabama and Texas was suspended during October. (PPC, Sou. Reg.)

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 1,084 traps were operated
in States of Baja California and Sonora with negative results. (PPC, Mex. Reg.,
Oct. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - No adults taken in State since July and none in Baja
California, Mexico, since August, 1957. There have been 114 specimens trapped
during June, July and August (eight on California side of line) compared with 48
trapped during 1954-55-56 (four in California). Of the total of 162 adults
trapped, 152 were collected during the interval June through September. In the
continued absence of an established infestation, the mango shipping season, April
to October, remains the crucial period with respect to fly introduction and estab-
lishment. It is proposed that treatment activities be discontinued during the
winter months, mid-December to mid-March, and that trap complements on both sides
of the border be increased to more accurately measure the presence or absence of
fly specimens in the area. (Harper, Nov. 1). TEXAS - During first week of October,
2,184 traps were placed in operation in five counties from Cameron County on the
Gulf of Mexico to Webb and Dimmit Counties. Hidalgo County had the greater number
of traps in operation, with total of 1,400 located on 78 properties. All traps
inspections during October were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - In northeast Mexico, 196,120
citrus trees were inspected on 3,672 properties with 164 trees found infested on
24 properties. Infested properties were found in Municipio of Hidalgo in State of
Tamaulipas and in vicinities of Montemorelos, Haulahuises and Linares in State of
Nuevo Leon. All infestations light. Inspections in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, and
Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, were negative. In western Mexico, 14,319 trees were in-
spected on 520 properties in Sonora and Baja California with negative results.
(PPC, Mex. Reg., Oct. Rept.).

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - During October, 23 citrus
groves, 5 nurseries and 2 miscellaneous properties were found infested for the
first time. Eight nurseries were treated by the hot water method and seven groves,
with total of 44 acres, were treated because of spreading decline. (PPC, Sou.
Reg.).

Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida - Activity of PURPLE SCALE continued

to increase this week with some further increase expected. The average infestation
is increasing rapidly. FLORIDA RED SCALE activity increased this week and little
change is expected in the next week or two. CITRUS RED MITE activity increased
this week and further increase is expected. Activity of CITRUS RUST MITE increased
sharply this week and is at very high level. The level will remain high for several
weeks, TEXAS CITRUS MITE infestations continue to increase. (Pratt, el al. Nov 19).

- 897 -

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Active in plum orchard in Houston
County. (Turney).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

Fall Abundance of Aphid Eggs on Overwintering Hosts of Potato-infesting Aphids in
Northeastern Maine. A survey was made November 4 to 7 to determine abundance of
eggs of three species of potato-infesting aphids in northeastern Maine on their
more important primary hosts. Fully distended, presumably viable, eggs of
buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata) were found on alder buckthorn at all eight
sampling stations. Abundance of viable eggs now is 83 percent of the 10-year fall
average, or 50 percent of that one year ago, and 77 percent of the deposited eggs
had shriveled as compared with 72 percent in 1956. Large populations of buckthorn
aphid could result on the 1958 potato crop. Aphid eggs on Canada plum-a primary
host of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) - were found at 20 of the 26 sampling
stations. Overall abundance of eggs were about 14 times that of the 10-year fall
average. The warm, late fall permitted deposition of eggs on this plum over a
longer than usual period, and consequently the number of eggs per female averaged
well above normal. Although periodic counts disclosed fall aphid populations on
plums to be about the same in 1957 as in 1956, the present egg population is 4.6
times as great as the same time in 1956. Present prospects favor increased
relative and actual abundance of M. persicae in northeastern Maine during 1958.
Aphid eggs on swamp rose -most important primary host of potato aphid (Macrosiphum
solanifolii - were found at all 12 sampling stations. Total egg abundance was

88 percent of the 10-year fall average, with an average of 17.8 percent shriveled
at the time of the survey as compared to a 10-year average of 11.5 percent. On
the basis of aphid prevalence on roses during the periodic fall counts, viable
eggs of potato aphid likely now are about 14 percent more abundant than at same
time in 1956, when they were 70 percent of the 10-year average. Although potato
aphid comprised a slightly smaller proportion of the total fall population on rose
than a year ago, the presently indicated greater abundance of potato aphid eggs

is attributed to a larger total aphid population on roses during the current fall
and to larger number of eggs per female during the unusually long deposition period
in the fall of 1957. Damaging numbers of potato aphid have been observed to
develop on potatoes during some seasons when fall aphid egg populations on swamp
rose were no larger than those now present. Furthermore, evidence shows that
Canada plum at present is much more important than usual as a primary host of
potato aphid. (Shands, Simpson, Wave; in cooperation with Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station).

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma ) - ALABAMA - Causing consider -—
able damage to turnip tops in Butler County. (Guyton).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - MEXICO - In State of Sonora 1,502
bushels of gin trash were inspected and 38 lint cleaner inspections made. Two
specimens collected were negative. (PPC. Mex. Reg., Oct. Rept.). LOUISIANA -
Quarantine restrictions were removed from Lincoln and Union Parishes on October
24, and at same time Iberia, Lafayette and St. Martin Parishes were placed under
State regulation. From 22 parishes, 3,495 bushels of gin trash were inspected
with negative results, and 625 lint cleaner inspections were made with negative
results. Two pink bollworms were taken from green bolls in Lafayette Parish.
TEXAS - Total of 396 pink bollworm were found in 378 bushels of gin trash in

15 counties; 1,169 lint cleaners were inspected with 22,195 pink bollworms found
in 77 counties; 28 gin stands were inspected, with 52 pink bollworms found in

5 counties; approximately 4,734 green bolls examined with 927 pink bollworms
found in 30 counties; inspections of dry bolls totaled 68 with 8 pink bollworms
found in one county; and bloom inspections totaled 2,550 with 41 pink bollworms
found in one county. MISSISSIPPI - Intensive inspections of gin trash at

gins in Walthall and Pike Counties were negative.

- 898 -

FLORIDA - In Monroe County, 153 pink bollworms found in 3,730 hibiscus blooms.
All Positive finds in previously known infested plantings on Plantation Key.
Inspections of 3,507 hibiscus blooms in Dade County were negative. (PPC, Sou.
Reg., Oct. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - One larva recovered from survey of 2 lint cleaners
and 8 gin stands in Stephens, Haskell, Coal, Hughes and McIntosh Counties during
first two weeks of November. (Fed.-State P.B.W. Comm.). CALIFORNIA - Survey of
green bolls in Imperial County approximately one-half completed; over 6,000 bolls
examined to date with no evidence of infestation. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov. 22).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - KANSAS - Found on elm
logs at Garden City, Finney County. This extends known distribution further west-—
ward across State. (Matthew, Nov. 14).

A SCALE (Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus) - MARYLAND - Heavily infesting leaves of
Chinese holly at Bladensburg. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

DOGWOOD TWIG BORER (Oberea tripunctata) - TEXAS - Infesting plum trees in Cherokee
and Houston Counties. (Turney).

AZALEA BARK SCALE (Ericoccus azaleae) - MARYLAND - Infesting azaleas in nursery at
Gaithersburg. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Control program started in
Brunswick County. Fifteen of 170 acres to be controlled treated. TENNESSEE —

In Johnson, Cocke, Jefferson and Sevier Counties, 193 acres were treated.
MISSISSIPPI - Inspections of traps at Greenville Air Force Base and in Gulfport
district were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Oct. Rept.).

SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations heavy on azalea and pyracantha in
Edgefield and Dorchester Counties. (Nettles et al.).

TIP MOTHS - TEXAS - Damage extensive throughout eastern area during October.
Severe infestations in Houston, Upshur and Walker Counties. (Young).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae and
pupae found on elm trees in Canton vicinity of Lincoln County. (Hantsbarger).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE — OREGON - Solenopotes capillatus appearing in moderate numbers on
cattle at Heppner, John Day, Long Creek, Hermiston and La Grande between November
4 and 20. No other lice in evidence. (Every). KANSAS - None found on 92 head of
cattle examined in Riley County or on 200 head examined in Morris County.
(Matthew, Knapp).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OREGON - Inspections of cattle at Heppner, John Day,
Long Creek, Hermiston and La Grande, November 4-20, were negative. (Every).
KANSAS - Found on 5 percent of 200 cattle examined one location in Morris County.

(Knapp) .

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Has been more abundant in
State than any year since 1949. (Insect Notes).

CHICKEN PESTS - ALABAMA - Considerable number of Menacanthus stramineus,
Cuclotogaster heterographus andOrnithonyssus sylviarum 02 Taying hens in Lee

County. (Guyton).

- 899 -

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma sp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Appearing in cattle. In Saluda
County, 20 percent of Hereford brood cows infested; averaging 0.32 grubs per cow.
(Adkins). KANSAS - Counts of infested cattle were 1 per 200 animals in Morris
County to 3 per 92 animals at Manhattan, Riley County. (Knapp, Matthew).

YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO (Aedes aegypti) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected at Key West,
Monroe County. (Hill, Guion, Albert; Nov. 13). First collection in area since
November 1948. (H. Denmark) .

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS -— OKLAHOMA - Nabids 0-2 per 10 sweeps, and lady beetle populations low,
0-4 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa fields in southern area. (Coppock) .

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - Total of 131 visual inspections were made
on 129 properties in Baja California, MEXICO. Determinations of submitted speci —
mens were negative. Of 320 trap inspections made in States of Baja California and
Sonora, only one specimen was collected and submitted for identification. At the
close of October, there were no known infestations remaining in Mexico. (PPC, Mex.
Reg., Oct. Rept.). All specimens collected in ALABAMA, GEORGIA and FLORIDA during
October were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg.). One reinfestation found in storage area
in Riverside County, CALIFORNIA, through use of traps. Inaugurated about six
months previously these traps consist of a bunched muslin square placed in ware-
houses or lowered into grain elevators and are examined periodically. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.).

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestations of saw-toothed grain beetle
and flat grain beetle reported from stored oats in Sully County. (Hantsbarger) .
UTAH - Fumigations of storage buildings occurring in Millard, Juab and other
counties. (Knowlton).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A CERAMBYCID (Sternoplistes temmincki) - CALIFORNIA - Five collections of this
oriental species have been made from bamboo poles (used in harvesting walnuts) and
originating in India and Japan since mid-August. Collection sites are in San
Joaquin (2), Stanislaus, Contra Costa and Merced Counties. This insect has not
been found established in the State. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. Rept.).

TERMITES - UTAH - Number of infestations reported recently in Salt Lake and Logan
Counties. Severely damaging a home in Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) .

LARGER YELLOW ANT (Lasius interjectus) - MARYLAND - Causing a nuisance about homes
in Baltimore and Carroll Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PIGEON TREMEX (Tremex columba) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults flying in Gary vicinity of
Deuel County. (Hantsbarger) .

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Extension of find
nine miles southwest of Lutz, Hillsborough County. (Bittner, Nov. 15).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - MARYLAND - Found on outside of home at
Hanover, November 7. Det. E.W. Baker. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

- 900 -

Pseud. Agrot Prod. Perid.
unip. yps. orn. marg.
FLORIDA
Gainesville 11/19 i
Sanford 11/13 3 2
Quincy 11/12 7 9
NEBRASKA (Counties)
Lincoln 11/8-14 129 67 23
Perkins 10/14-11/2 89 23 8
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Oconee 11/16-22 8 s 2 1
Charleston 11/18-24 5 3
Florence 11/16-22 al 5 5 2
TEXAS
Brownsville 11/10-16 26 2 8
Beaumont 11/1-15 Bile 61 10

ADDITIONAL NOTES

Laphyg.
frug.

Or

95

Heliothis
zea

Feltia
subter.

16

MINNESOTA - Survey of JACK-PINE BUDWORM conducted in Park Rapids - Bemidji area.

Current defoliation, top kill and tree mortality were of major concern.
evident so far that damage was severe in isolated areas.
foliation show an increased acreage damaged by jack-pine budworm.

Rept.).

It is
The new areas of de-
(Minn.

- 901 -

NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS FOR FIELD SEPARATION OF FIRE ANTS

The following illustrations have been prepared to assist field personnel in making
gross examinations of the very largest workers, the ones that usually do not have
wings, of Solenopsis geminata (F.) (tropical fire ant); Solenopsis xyloni McCook
(southern fire ant) and Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel (imported fire ant).

All three of these forms build mounds, but it is impossible to determine the species
from the mound alone. These mounds are most commonly found in open places, such
as roadsides, fencerows, railroad right-of-ways, open woods, pastures, margins of
cultivated fields, edges of streams, around ponds and high areas in moist places.

S. geminata (F.) -- The largest workers of this species have unusually large heads
which are out of proportion to the rest of the body and can be readily seen with
the naked eye. Because usually less than one percent of the colony are major
workers, a very careful examination of the mound is necessary to find them. The
illustration is an outline drawing; the mandibles are usually darker than the rest
of the body, incurved and usually without pronounced teeth.

S. xyloni McCook and §. saevissima richteri Forel -- The separation of xyloni and
richteri is very difficult and positive identification should not be made in the
field.

Note the illustrations: Xyloni has a noticeably shorter scape. (The scape or
first segment is that portion of the antenna which is unusually long and attached
to the head.) The scape of richteri is noticeably longer. The mandible of the
largest worker of xyloni is usually three-toothed. (Sometimes an irregular pro-
jection appears above these three teeth.) In richteri the mandible of the largest
worker is rather distinctly four-toothed. (ENT and PPC, ARS) CEIR 7 (48) 11-29-57

- 903 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

WHEAT BULB FLY (Hylemya coarctata Fallen)

Economic Importance: Larvae of this muscid caused an estimated minimum loss of
about 1,200,000 pounds sterling on wheat in England in 1953. The infestations
were responsible for reseeding of 59,000 acres and partial replanting of an addit-
ional 58,000 acres. Another 85,000 acres
were affected to various extents. Large
outbreaks, involving from 12 to 44 percent
of wheat stems, occurred in Russia in
1913. Wheat, rye and sometimes barley
are damaged in several other European
areas. Outbreaks in Denmark tend to be
more severe when winters are mild and
damage in England and Scotland is usually
found in areas with less than 30 inches
of annual rainfall.

Distribution: Occurs in Austria, Denmark,
France, Germany, Poland, Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, USSR (European and eastern
Siberia) and the British Isles. There

are also records from Tunisia and Iraq.

Hosts: Winter wheat is chief cultivated
host but will attack winter rye and
barley. Oats are not attacked. Among
wild hosts, quackgrass is preferred in
Damaged Wheat Plant England.

ee a a IL eit
100" Ca 60" 40" 20"

General Distribution of Wheat Bulb Fly

(Muscidae, Diptera) No. 32 @f Series

- 904 -

Life History and Habits: The fly has one generation a year generally. In England
eggs are laid in Summer and hatch in late January or early February. Larvae enter
the wheat stem through the basal node, usually causing decomposition and discolor-
tion within 24 hours. They settle in the central hollow of shoot just below ground
level though they may occur above ground later. The larvae begin to leave the
plants by last of April and usually pupate by mid-May. One larva may attack 6 or
more plants, the third instar being able to travel 18 inches. Adults emerge from
June through early August, with the peak emergence about mid-June. Females deposit
around 22 eggs, which are laid singly in groups of 2 or 3, immediately below or on
the surface of loose soil.

Description: Adult male thorax ochreous gray with some indeterminate black mark—-
ings, sides lighter. Abdomen narrow, darker than thorax, hairy with some obscure
transverse striae and a faint interrupted dorsal stripe. Wings yellowish, with
narrow yellowish-brown veins. Halteres pale; costal spine small. Legs black;
tibiae piceous. Thorax and abdomen of female without markings; legs with four
posterior femora and all tibiae pale. Length 6-8 mm. Eggs creamy white, slightly
concave, pointed one end, flattened at other. Fine longitudinal surface markings
in form of ridges and curves which run into one another. Length 1.8 mm. Newly
hatched larva differs from later instars by having two pairs of unserrated cephalic
hooks, one pair above the other; the more mature larva has one pair of serrated
cephalic hooks. Anterior spiracles possess 7-8 undivided papillae. The caudal
end is truncated and beveled dorso-ventrally, and has a characteristic arrangement
of spines. Length 20 mm. There are three larval instars. Puparium is typical

of the Muscidae. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other
ARS agencies.) CEIR 7 (48) 11-29-57

Larva

_\

7 \\\ 0 tllltiin ify)
evrtineity

y\we

My

os
WY

4,

CANS NON

Caudal Corona of Larva
Adult of Hylemya coarctata showing Tubercles

Figures (except map): Larva and damage from Smith, K. M. 1948. A Textbook of
Agricultural Entomology. 289 pp., Cambridge (Gt. Britain). Adult from Rostrup,
S. and Thomsen, M. 1931. Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbaues. 367 pp.,
Berlin.

me
Bre
Mya,

&
N
%
¥

. :
- es
EOS CTR IOASCUT Lal

SONS
MAR 29 196 74g

SEARCH SERVICE

a

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents ,
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, —
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release a
should be mailed to: oan
. . er 2 rs : ¥ an ve

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division :
Agricultural Research Service % ‘4 tae
United States Department of Agriculture ~
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 December 6, 1957 Number 49

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

PINK BOLLWORM infestation unusually heavy in area of Graham County, Arizona.
(p. 908).

CATTLE GRUBS appearing in 10-15 percent of cattle in central Oklahoma. (p. 908).
Spread of BOLL WEEVIL in the United States (map). (p. 910).
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957 - in Delaware. (p. 911).
BEET LEAFHOPPER population in Nevada, Utah and western Colorado - 1957. (p.915).

Insects not known to occur in the United States. (p. 917).

FR IK IRI AR IK IK 2 A RII EE A a IK IE KK 2K ACK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 29 unless otherwise
designated.

- 906 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK
DECEMBER 1957

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for December calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals east of the Appalachians and also in the Great Lakes Region.
Below normal temperatures are expected to prevail west of the Mississippi River
except for near normal along the West Coast and the northern border. In unspecified
areas near normal is predicted. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal east of
the Mississippi except for near normal amounts in New England. Subnormal precip-
itation is indicated west of the Continental Divide. In the remainder of the country
near normal amounts are in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook",
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40

a half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 2

A cold air mass overspread the Far West soon after the beginning of the period

and pushed to the Appalachians by the 28th. Southerly winds in advance of this
eastward moving air mass brought unseasonably high temperatures to central areas,
setting a late season high of 69° for Grand Island, Nebr., and melting much of

the snow cover accumulated in some areas the previous week. A second surge of
cold air from the Far West on the 29th pushed across the entire country by the

end of the period, reducing temperatures to freezing or below southernward to
many points along the Gulf coast and central Florida. Also, it was preceded and
accompanied by light snow in northern areas and light rain or snow in middle areas
from the Rockies to the Appalachians. East of the Appalachians precipitation (rain
in the south and snow in the north) was general the last 3 days of the period.
High winds occurred along the cold front, causing widespread minor damage in
Mississippi, Louisiana, and New England. Southerly winds preceding the front
brought unusually high temperatures to the Northeast on the 29th when Boston, Mass.
recorded a record high of 65° for the date. The high temperatures in the North-
east followed a cold snap there on the 26th and 27th when minima of 10° were
recorded at many interior stations. Precipitation for the week generally was very
light west of the Appalachians, except for some moderately heavy amounts along the
north Pacific coast. East of the Appalachians, totals generally exceeded an inch
in the Carolinas and an inch from Georgia northward. The heavier amounts in the
Carolinas resulted mainly from heavy rains at the beginning of the period. The
precipitation along the north Atlantic coast further replenished soil moisture
depleted by last summer's drought and greatly helped relieve the water shortage of
many welis and reservoirs. On December 1 and 2, heavy snow fell in western New
York along Lake Ontario, and on the western slopes of the Adirondacks where up to
12-inch depths were measured on the 2d. In central areas, snow cover is mainly
limited to northern portions of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, with depths
ranging from 3 to 6 inches. In the Far West, snow depths in the northern Cascades
ranged between 2 and 3 feet at elevations above 5,000 feet. Temperatures for the
week averaged slightly below normal in New York, New England, and Wisconsin, well
below in the Far Southwest, and above elsewhere. Greatest departures ranged from
9° above normal in northeastern Montana to 6° below in parts of Texas and the
central Great Basin of the Far West.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau)

- 907 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Preliminary hibernation rating very
severe in Payne County. Overwintering bugs averaged 3,734 per square foot.
(Coppock) .

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Found in Searcy County for
first time. (Whitcomb, Wall). Previously found in all surrounding counties. Pest
has crossed the entire State from north to south in 8 years. (Boyer).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Found in Lee, Stone
and St. Francis Counties for first time. (Boyer, Whitcomb, Wall). Pest has now
reached extreme eastern area of State, joining the Mississippi River. In eight
years, pest has crossed the State. (Boyer, Nov. 25).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - NORTH CAROLINA - High percentage
of corn crop infested in Nash County, November 15. (Cox, Farrier).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - UTAH - Infesting corn tassels at Willard,
August 8. (Dorst

WHITE GRUBS - SOUTH CAROLINA - A 40 acre field of fescue damaged in Dillon County.
Counts from 200,000 to 500,000 per acre. Two acres of pasture damaged in Sumter
County. (Nettles et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae of Cotinis nitida causing severe
damage to tall fescue in field in Polk County. (Culberson, Farrier).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Numbers extremely low is
alfalfa fields in Payne and Noble Counties. None found in majority of fields
surveyed. (Coppock). NEVADA - Found in 4 field near Minden, Douglas County.
First record for county. (Bechtel, Marshall, Roberts).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Found in scattered
fields in north central area, generally 0 to 4 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Present
in 11 alfalfa fields in Payne and Noble Counties; averaging 1 to 7 per 10 sweeps.
(Coppock) .

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Congregating in alfalfa fields
in Payne and Noble Counties. Counts from 11 to 25 adults per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Rarely found in
alfalfa in Payne and Noble Counties. oppoc

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - NEVADA - Populations per square Zoot of
beet row on sugar beet Seedlings on October 3 were as follows: Alamo, Lincoln
County - 2.0; Logandale, Clark County - 2.0; Mesquite, Clark County - 1.2. Pop-
ulations much higher than in 1956. Counts in November show incidence of curly
top to be quite low. (Dorst).

A CHAFER(Cyclocephala pasadenae) - CALIFORNIA - Recorded from hop roots in Sacramento
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Populations extremely low, less
than 1 per plant on spinach at Bixby. (Walton). NORTH CAROLINA - Entire garden
infested in Bladen County. Losses estimated at 30 percent to turnips and 70 per-
cent to collards. (Morris, Farrier, Nov. 19).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - Twenty larvae per 100 spinach
plants on foliage at Bixby, November 23. (Walton).

- 908 -

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Heaviest infestation to
appear in recent years discovered in Solomon locality of Graham County, early

in October. Numbers alarming compared to those found in area during 1956. Gin
trash samples of infested fields disclosed 3 infested-2 lightly and one heavy.
Twenty bushels of trash examined from one Solomon gin revealed 260 pink bollworms.
(PPC, West. Reg., Oct. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Twenty-four lint cleaner and 10 gin
stand inspections in 8 southern counties during week of November 12 to 19 yielded
60 larvae. Three counties negative. (Fed. State P.B.W. Comm.). CALIFORNIA - Boll
survey continued in Imperial, Kings and Tulare Counties. No indications of infest-
ation found. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Some control and
salvage cutting continues across southern area, however, generally reports indicate
activity not considered serious. (Ark. For. Comm., Nov.1). VIRGINIA - D. terebrans
and Platypus flavicornis severe on pine trees in Norfolk County on October 16.

Det W. H. Anderson. (Morris, Woods).

IPS BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Definite drop in activity, generally, though considerable
activity present in west central area of State. Further south at Amity, heavy
mortality reported in logging areas. (Ark. For. Comm., Nov.1).

SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - ARKANSAS - Observations of infestations of a sawfly,
probably Neodiprion excitans, made in Union County. Some trees completely defol-
iated in infestations from Smackover to Calion south to Louisiana State line.
(Warren, Boyer). VIRGINIA - Larvae of N. lecontei feeding on pines in Appomattox
County on October 15. Det. B. D. Burks. (Rowell, Smith).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - OREGON - Caused some concern by its
abundance in Douglas-fir at city parks and other public areas near Salem. (Loring).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on mimosa tree at Callands
on October 28. (Amos).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria.oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on privet hedge in Chico,
Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Showing in backs of 10-15 percent of
cattle in central area. (Howell).

A TICK (Ixodes pacificus) - OREGON - Removed from neck of girl by physician in
Salem, November 26. (Goeden).
BENEFICAL INSECTS

NABIDS - OKLAHOMA - Fairly common in alfalfa in Payne and Noble Counties; averaging
2 to 6 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS
IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collected at two

different locations in Miami, Dade County, November 18. (Daigle, Butler). No
extensions of significance reported during week ending November 22. (Bittner).

- 909 -

A DRIED FRUIT MOTH (Vitula edmandsae serratilineella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval
infestation in honey bee combs near Goleta, Santa Barbara County, feeding on stored
pollen in combs. First record in county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

MILLIPEDES - OREGON - Large numbers invading homes at Salem, November 26. (Goeden) .
TERMITES - UTAH - Several additional homes and buildings found infested in Summit,
Kane, Millard, Washington, Weber, Cache and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Heliothis Feltia

unip. yps. orn. marg. frug. zea subter.
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville 11/16-22 151 21 1 20
Stuttgart 11/14-20 13 9 8

SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Oconee 11/23-29 1 1 3 1
Florence 11/23-29 3 i, Ht 7

- 910 -

‘geet Aq uotynqtz4Sstp
[e1reues yo voie poyorol

LS61l ‘vasn ‘Suv ut posredairdg Ayqueredde pey yOesuT OUL

2z6l-ci6! Fo . 3

zi6i-co6| ZH Z ; . 0
r SIN N

zoei-cesl SY Ys

zeol

SULVLS GALINA NI TIATAM TIOd AO AvaudS

- 911 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITION - 1957
DELAWARE

Prepared by H. E. Milliron

Highlights: EUROPEAN CORN BORER greatly reduced. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE infest-
ation of soybeans heaviest yet encountered. GARDEN WEBWORM more abundant than at
any time in recent years. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR first recognized as a pest in
Delaware. SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM common on turnip and other crucifers late in season.
SPRUCE SPIDER MITE destructive on ornamental trees throughout the State. BLACK
WIDOW SPIDER unusually common in northern Delaware. Other pests that were trouble-
some during the season included alfalfa weevil, grasshoppers, corn earworm, plant
bugs, flea beetles, pea aphid, cucumber beetles, squash bugs, armyworm, two-spotted
spider mite, European red mite, Japanese beetle, corn leaf aphid, leaf miners, sap
beetles, mosquitoes, fall armyworm, green cloverworm, Colorado potato beetle,
cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm. No new pests of major importance were
encountered.

Cereal and Forage Insects: EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - The 1957
spring survey data indicated population reduction of 32 percent during previous
winter from combined effects of adverse weather, diseases, bird feeding, insect
parasites and mechanical injury. Pupation was well over 50 percent in Sussex County
by the third week of April. An organized campaign to properly dispose of plant
remnants further aided in reducing this pest. The first adults were noted in
Sussex County, April 29. The drought, from June to late August, was credited with
the elimination of many early-instar larvae. The fall abundance survey averaged
90 borers per 100 plants, compared with 243 in 1956, a 63 percent reduction. Loss
of corn for grain in 1957 was about 79,500 bushels (reduced 88 percent) valued at
approximately $107,400 (reduced 87 percent), compared with 658,000 bushels valued
at $849,000 in 1956. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was moderately heavy in
alfalfa throughout the season. It caused moderate to severe damage to untreated
fields throughout the State from late April to mid-June. Only light injury was
recorded subsequently. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was numerous on alfalfa and
clovers at most places early in the season, and light generally, thereafter.
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) occurred on alfalfa and clovers in
usual numbers without serious losses anywhere. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta)
was somewhat more abundant and destructive than usual locally on timothy, cereals
and field corn in early June. Moderate to heavy damage occurred to sweet corn

in southern area. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was responsible for considerable
damage to canning corn during June and July in Kent and Sussex Counties. The pest
on field corn was about normal, generally,though somewhat more destructive. than
usual to sweet corn. It caused heavy losses to soybeans late in the season in
parts of Sussex and Kent Counties, and required more control effort than in 1956.
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was normal throughout the season in alfalfa,
clovers and all types of beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR
(Anticarsia gemmatalis) occurred in economic numbers in soybeans from late September
to late October, mostly in Sussex and Kent Counties; first record as an economic
pest in the State. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was unusually abundant and
destructive, beginning mid-August, on field and sweet corn, sorghum and cereals
throughout southern two-thirds of the State. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis)
was more abundant in weedy areas, grasslands and similar situations in August and
September than any previous year since 1950. Injury to alfalfa was recorded at
various places over the State during September. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona
hispidula) adults were common in alfalfa and clovers during spring, late summer
and fall; resulting in noticeable leaf injury. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica)
was destructive to alfalfa, clover, corn and soybeans in many places in Kent and
Sussex Counties, June - August; less troublesome on these crops in New Castle
County. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) was somewhat less prevalent than
in 1956. Injury was largely confined to canning and field corn. Infestations were
numerous in sweet corn in late June in Kent and Sussex Counties. CORN FLEA BEETLE
(Chaetocnema pulicaria) was normally as abundant and destructive as in 1956.

- 912 -

Adults were numerous on sweet corn in Sussex County, late April - early May, and

in late plantings in Kent and New Castle County, late July - late August. GRASS
THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) was common on corn generally without causing serious
injury. Average numbers POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) were encountered in
alfalfa. Not heavy on soybeans at most locations. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum
maidis) appeared first on corn about mid-July, Sussex County. Heavy infestations
were common many places in the southern half of State in August, and later present
in economic numbers on sorghum, Sudan grass and cereals, generally. Damage was
heavier than in past several years. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was
more prevalent on forage legumes than usual. GRASSHOPPERS (principally Melanoplus
femur-rubrum) were common to numerous locally in forage legumes and soybeans, es-—
pecially in Kent and Sussex Counties. LONGHORNED GRASSHOPPERS (Conocephalus
brevipennis and C. fasciatus) were numerous in alfalfa, June and July, southern
New Castle, Kent and northern Sussex Counties. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus atlanticus
and T. telarius) - Former species was abundant and severely injured soybeans at
many places in Kent and Sussex Counties during July and August. Latter species

was light on soybeans at most locations, but severe on sweet corn locally through-
out State during the same period.

Fruit Insects: APHIDS -Rhopalosiphum fitchii was common to numerous in neglected
orchards generally, early April. Anuraphis roseus caused moderate injury where no
treatments were applied, April - June. Aphis pomi was relatively unimportant until
late June, then prevalent most locations. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was
normal, except second generation , which was troublesome Tocally in untreated
orchards. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) caused light foliage
injury, most locations in Kent and Sussex Counties. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapho-
litha molesta) was generally light, except in peach branches and apple fruits,
northern area. UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) was less
troublemsome than 1956 generally. Heavy locally in northern area. GRAPE BERRY
MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) caused considerable loss in neglected New Castle County
vineyards in mid-August. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was destructive in
untreated orchards, northern Delaware, late July and August. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL
(Anthonomus signatus) activity was about average. Some bud losses amounted to
about 10 percent. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was normal on peaches,
generally, infested apples in Kent County during late May and early June, and

was heavy in untreated plums, some places in New Castle County. EUROPEAN RED

MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - First actives appeared about mid-April buildup was
rapid toward the end of May in unsprayed apple orchards. Populations were economic
on apples, and some peaches, throughout June, July and most of August. SCHOENE
SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus schoenei) was sufficiently numerous in untreated apple
orchards to attract attention about mid-July in Kent and Sussex Counties and
continued moderately abundant throughout August.

Truck Crop Insects: TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) caused light injury on
tomatoes, troublesome on pumpkin-squash and peppers in Kent and Sussex Counties
during August and September, and to lima beans in Sussex County. EUROPEAN CORN
BORER was moderate to heavy in potatoes locally in Kent and Sussex Counties, June
and July, and to less extent in New Castle County. Infestations were heavy in
pepper fruits, August and September, Kent and Sussex Counties, causing as much

as 15 percent losses, and were light in lima beans, generally. ARMYWORM caused
early, moderate injury to peas. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was responsible
for usual damage to all crucifers throughout Delaware. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia
ni) was more abundant and injurious than 1956 on all preferred hosts, including
crucifers, tomatoes, potatoes and some pumpkin-squash. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.)
was slightly more numerous than in 1956, causing light damage most places. FALL
ARMYWORM was light in pepper fruits in Sussex County in September. GREEN CLOVER-
WORM was injurious on lima and snap beans, Kent and Sussex Counties, requiring some
control in August. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR was light on limas and snap beans in
southern Kent and Sussex Counties in September. GARDEN WEBWORM was abundant gener-
ally, but caused only light damage to lima beans and pepper fruits in Sussex County
in September. PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) was more common than usual in
cucurbits in areas of Sussex County in October. SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris
protodice) infested commercial mustard and turnip locally in Kent County during

- 913 -

late October and early November. SQUASH VINE BORER (Mellitia cucurbitae) was some-—
what more destructive than usual in Sussex County. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris
asparagi) occurred in usual abundance. AN INTRODUCED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta —
cruciferae)was less numerous on crops generally than for several season. PALE-
STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) was troublesome on squash locally in New
Castle County, and on lima beans in areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. POTATO
FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) caused heavy injury on untreated potatoes through-
out the State early in season, thereafter locally where rigid control not practiced.
Most severe in Sussex County. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was less
common than in 1956, causing only light injury on tomatoes and potatoes. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was equallly as destructive to potatoes
and tomatoes as in 1956. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was less
injurious at most places than in 1956. Heaviest infestation localized in Kent and
Sussex Counties. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was not a serious except
on young snap beans early in the season in Sussex County. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE
(Acalymma vittata) was about normal and SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi) was more prevalent than usual causing considerable injury,
especially to cucurbits, beans and sweet corn. GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona
bicolor) was not especially injurious anywhere on sweetpotato. SQUASH BUGS
(Anasa tristis and A.armigera) were of usual abundance in Kent and Sussex Counties.
POTATO LEAFHOPPER became numerous and caused tipburn on potatoes in Kent and Sussex
Counties by mid-June. Increased later on all types of beans. Economic population
persisted throughout the season, especially in southern half of State. Somewhat
more abundant than usual. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) was
abundant some places on untreated tomatoes and potatoes in New Castle and Kent
Counties in August. A related species, Trialeurodes sp., was prevalent on beans,
without causing apparent injury in areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. PEA APHID
was responsible for moderate to severe damage to commercial peas over most of

the State in late April to June, despite control. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne
brassicae) was locally destructive to cabbage, cauliflower and kale throughout

the Season,and more common than in 1956. POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii
caused some concern on tomatoes in Sussex County, generally much less common than
in 1956. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) infestations ranged from light to abundant over
the State, beginning in late June; most destructive to limas in Sussex County.
MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was somewhat more numerous than usual on pumpkin-
Squash, but caused no more than moderate injury. TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum
pseudobrassicae) was present in limited numbers on cabbage, cauliflower and Kale
throughout the season; and increased on turnip in late summer and early fall, most
areas. 'TARNISHED PLANT BUG was about as abundant and injurious on potatoes and
beans as in 1956. ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) was more abundant
throughout the State than for past several years, especially in well-established
plantings. There was early yellowing of ferns associated with infestations, some
of which were as heavy as 70 percent in northern area. LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza

sp. and L. brassicae) - Former species occurred commonly in potatoes, generally.
Also active in tomatoes, squash, pumpkin-squash and watermelon in Kent and Sussex
Counties. Latter species prevalent in crucifer seedbeds and plantings of cabbage
and cauliflower in Kent County. Both more abundant than in any preceding season
since 1950. VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) were abundant in tomato fields, Kent
and Sussex Counties, August - September. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) was a late pest on tomatoes in Kent and Sussex Counties, prevalent on
Tima and snap beans, generally. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus)
was heavier than usual on lima beans throughout Kent and Sussex Counties, causing
early foliage distortion and droppage; most severe in recent years. TOMATO RUSSET
MITE (Vasates lycopersici) locally infested several fields in Kent and Sussex
during August and September. Most extensive single infestation covered approx-
imately one acre. SPOTTED GARDEN SLUG (Limax maximus) caused noticeable injury

to beans, cabbage, cucurbits and other crops in some areas of New Castle and Kent
Counties in September and October.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma

Sniexatcanitin) was more abundant throughout the State, especially on wild cherry,

than in any season since 1950, causing total defoliation at most places. NANTUCKET
PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) was responsible for considerable tip injury in

- 914 -

loblolly and Virginia pine natural stands, and moderately severe damage to orn-
amentals, including red pine, over most of northern section of State. A PITCH

TWIG MOTH (Petrova virginiana) was common in central Kent County, less so in

State Forests in Sussex County, on Virginia pine. MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY
(Nymphalis antiopa) severely defoliated ornamental elms some places in Sussex
County by late May. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was abundant in early and

late summer, but persisted throughout the season, especially in Sussex County, on
elm, walnut, hickory, boxelder and other trees. Generally, more numerous than

in previous years. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) was more destrustive
than usual most places on certain conifers, Sycamore, oaks and other deciduous
trees and shrubs. WEBWORMS (Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos)
injured sweetgums throughout Delaware by late June. Damage to ornamentals was
comparable to that of 1956 and 1955, but much less than in 1954. MIMOSA WEBWORM
(Homadaula albizziae) activity was more apparent throughout the State than in

1956 on mimosa and honeylocust. WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma)
fed extensively on sycamore in Kent County. SYCAMORE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota
harrisii) was a prominent defoliator throughout southern half of the State. WALNUT
CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) caused partial to complete defoliation everywhere.
YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) was somewhat more abundant and destruc-
tive statewide than usual on oaks. A BEECH OECOPHORID (Psilocorsis faginella)

was severe on beech in July in northern Delaware for the second consecutive year.

A WITCH-HAZEL LEAF ROLLER (Episimus argutanus) caused extensive foliage damage

in northern New Castle County in July. POPLAR TENTMAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) was
unusually active on aspen and poplars over northern portion of the State. VARIABLE
OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) caused some local defoliation of oaks,
but much less severe than in 1956. CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) was more
injurious than usual at certain locations in Sussex County. AZALEA LEAF MINER
(Gracilaria azalella) attracted attention early in the season, especially at some
places in northern Delaware. Not heretofore recognized as an economic pest in

this State. EUROPEAN CORN BORER was heavy in dahlias at one location, New Castle
County, late in season. ASIATIC OAK WEEVEL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - Prevalence
of adults about normal. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was not as
numerous as in 1956, generally. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) adult emerg-
ence began early (June 9, Sussex County) and lasted well into September. More
prevalent generally on a wide variety of ornamentals, shade trees and shrubs than
for several years. Especially troublesome in new developmental areas. LOCUST
LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) was moderately severe on black locust in New Castle
and northern Kent Counties. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistria-
tus) was a serious pest throughout the State. APHIDS (Cinara spp.) — None of three
distinct species on Virginia and loblolly pines was numerous enough to warrant
attention, in striking contrast with 1956. ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii)
was common on some ornamental trees in Sussex County. PAINTED MAPLE APHID
(Drepanaphis acerifoliae) was unusually abundant, especially on Norway maple late
in season, causing leaf discoloration, and early foliage droppage. TULIPTREE

APHID (Macrosiphum liriodendri) was common generally and did not cause serious
injury. ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) infested buds and growing tips of hybrid
roses in northern New Castle County. Damage and cocoons of Retinodiplosis inopis
on Virginia pine were more noticeable than last season in Kent County, late April.
Retinodiplosis resinicola increased on loblolly pine throughout Delaware in April
and May, later causing loss of most infested branches. AN OAK PILL GALL
(Cincticornia pilulae) was especially common on pin oak, and caused many inquiries
in northern Delaware in early July. PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) Two species
involved on Virginia and loblolly pines much less evident than last season,
generally. SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) infestations on various
spruces, especially Colorado blue, were common throughout the State. AN OAK MITE
(Oligonychus bicolor) affected various oaks, chiefly pin and willow, to same
degree, generally in July and August. TWO-SPOTTED SPDER MITE was heavy on dahlias
and other herbaceous ornamentals at most locations, late summer.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals: BLACK FLIES (Prosimulium hirtipes in northern
section and Cnephia mutata in Southern sections) were abundant and annoying to

man in early April. DEER FLIES (Chrysops spp.) were unusually numerous and annoying
to man in most wooded areas and marshes in July. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica)

- 915 -

was more troublesome everywhere than 1956. SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans)
was much less numerous than in 1956; other mosquitoes about normal. TERMITES
(Reticulitermes spp.) remained serious pests throughout the State. ORIENTAL
COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - Fewer infestations recorded than in previous years.
BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was annoying in and about homes of several
residents in central area in October. WAX MOTHS (Galleria mellonella and Achroia
grisella) heavily infested bee colonies, one apiary in New Castle County. Destruc-
tive generally. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variablis) occurred in usual numbers.
BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) waS more troublesome than for past several
years, especially to residents in new developmental areas in northern Delaware.
MILLIPEDES entered many dwellings in New Castle County during September and October.

Miscellaneous: CARROT BEETLE (Ligyrus gibbosus) - Large number adults in and on
soil surrounding sunflowers at one location in Sussex County, late August.

Beet Leafhopper Population in Nevada, Utah and Western Colorado — 1957.

A February study of the approximately 50,000 square mile potential beet leafhopper
breeding grounds of southeastern California, southern and western Arizona, southern
Nevada and southern Utah showed host plants present in approximately 14 percent of
the area. The leafhopper population in this area averaged 0.002 per square foot
with approximately 3 percent viruliferous. It was estimated 158.07 million infect-
ive leafhoppers were present in the breeding grounds in early February prior to

the first brood. In contrast, 7,206.5 million leafhoppers were estimated present
in 1952, a year of moderate damage. The March study of approximately 75 square
miles potential breeding grounds of the northern Utah, eastern Utah and western
Colorado showed host plants present in 50 percent of the area. The leafhopper over-
wintering population averaged 0.22 per square foot and approximately 4.5 percent

were viruliferous. It was estimated 9.5 million infective leafhoppers overwintered
in these areas. In 1956, 33.08 million leafhoppers were estimated to have over-
wintered.

Based on the February study, the following statement was published February, 15
on the beet leafhopper outlook for 1957: "Beet leafhopper spring movement from
the southern desert breeding grounds to the cultivated districts of north and
south central Utah and western Colorado is expected to be light. The movement to
southern Utah, southern Nevada and central Arizona is expected to be moderate.
The local movement from the breeding grounds of northern and eastern Utah to the
adjacent cultivated districts of northern Utah and western Colorado is expected
to be light to moderate."

A second statement was published April 10 confirming the first outlook statement
with the following summary: "A light movement of beet leafhopper is anticipated
in all of the agricultural areas of Arizona, Nevada, Utah and western Colorado in
1957. Little damage is expected to sugar beets, tomatoes, beans and cantaloups
except possibly in southern Utah."

The mid-April movement of beet leafhopper to tomato seedlings in southern Nevada
was light and averaged about 0.5 leafhoppers per square foot. In 1955, the pop-
ulation in tomato seedlings averaged 2.5 per square foot. The movements to early
Market tomatoes in southern Utah in April and again in May were moderate and
resulted in about 35 percent curly top damage. The migration to northern Utah
and western Colorado was first detected in late April and reached its peak by
mid-May. Sugar beets in south centralUtah showed a light leafhopper population
of €.03 per square foot of beet row. The movement could not be traced north of
Payson, Utah or to western Colorado. In 1952, the corresponding population on
beets averaged 3.60 per foot. Curly top showed only a trace in the southern sugar
beet growing district in 1957. No traces of the long distance migration could be
detected in the northwestern Nevada beet growing area. The local leafhopper

- 916 -

movement in northern Utah was first detected on June 5 and reached its peak by
June 13. Sugar beets in northern Utah had a leafhopper population ranging from
0.04 to 0.16 per foot of beet row with an average of 0.09 per foot as a result
of the local movement. Tomatoes grown for canning purposes showed an average of
only 3 percent curly top in northern Utah after being exposed to this movement.

In western Colorado, the local movement of the beet leafhopper produced a light
populationon sugar beets averaging about 0.23 per foot of beet row by mid-June.
Only a trace of curly top was detectable there on tomatoes and sugar beets.

The fall beet leafhopper movement from the Russian thistle areas of Escalante
Desert of southern Utah and south central Nevada and Wolf Hole area of Northwest-
ern Arizona occurred the last week of September and was approximately one week
earlier than in 1956. The leafhopper population on young seedling sugar beets
being grown for seed averages 1.3 in southern Utah and 2.0 per square foot of beet
row in southern Nevada. This population was about three times larger in the
southern Utah area and five times larger in the southern Nevada area than in 1956.
Summer precipitation maintained good host plant conditions adjacent to the culti-
vated districts and therefore the movement was directly to the beets. This move-
ment was about ten times larger than in 1956.

Precipitation in the fall of 1957 was sufficient to germinate host plants for the
leafhopper to overwinter in both the northern and southern breeding grounds. These
conditions are more favorable for sustaining a higher overwintering population than
has been experienced since 1952 and 1940. (H. E. Dorst).

- 917 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN. .TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

BUFFALO FLY (Siphona exigua (De Meijere))

Economic Importance: This muscid causes serious damage to cattle in areas of the
Oriental region, South Seas and Australia by its constant irritation and annoyance.
Greatest damage is largely restrictedto areas of 20 inches annual rainfall. The
pest has often been compared with the horn fly (Siphona irritans) in North America
relative to its potential damage in reducing weight and milk production when in-
festations are severe. Apparently animals suffer most when attacked for the first
time. Cattle from infested areas can be readily recognized by the large raw areas
around the eyes and on the body that are formed from scratching and rubbing of the
animal. Such wounds are attractive to the injurious bush fly (Musca sorbens)} in
Australia. As a rule, populations of up to 1000 per animal are usually tolerated
without much injury, although two or three thousand per animal is considered a
serious infestation. In the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, surra disease (Trypanosoma
evansi) and anthrax are considered to be transmitted by this species.

General Distribution of Buffalo Fly

*Also known as Musca vetustissima No. 33 of Series

- 918 -

Distribution: Generally distributed throughout the Oriental region, being re-
corded in China, Indochina, Malaya, India, Indonesia (Java, Celebes and the lesser
Sundra Islands), Philippines, Australia, New Guinea, Andaman Islands, Guadalcanal,
Russell Islands, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Micronesia.

Hosts: Attacks cattle and buffalo usually, but frequently will attack horses,
mules and donkeys. Man, sheep, hogs and dogs are attacked when they are asso-
ciated with preferred hosts.

Life History and Habits: Adults of both sexes are blood-suckers, living only
where bovine hosts occur. Feeding and breeding habits are very similar to Siphona
irritans. When feeding, the adult crawls within the hair and thrusts its head to
the skin surface so that its body is at an angle. When at rest the wings are held
at an angle from the body except when conditions are cool, then they are held flat
along the back in scissors-fashion. The fly is almost entirely ectoparasitic, in
that it rarely leaves the host, except to oviposit, transfer to another host, or
following a disturbance. Adults are found in greatest numbers around the withers
and shoulders and on the flanks. Bulls are usually most heavily infested. The
female deposits up to 20 eggs in fresh dung. Under favorable conditions eggs
hatch in 18 to 24 hours. The larva completes growth in 3 to 5 days under summer
conditions with optimum moisture content in dung being about 68 percent. Pupation
takes place in the bottom layers of the dung and lasts about 3 to 5 days, thus
under normal conditions the life cyle requires from 7 to 11 days. The winter cycle
is prolonged to 46 days or more, therefore maximum populations occur during late
summer and early autumn, immediately following the summer rains.

Description: Adult is small, measuring 3.5 to 4 mm. The face is silvery-gray,
proboscis dark and porrect; the palpi yellowish, stout, uniformly broad, and as
long as the proboscis. Thorax is silver-gray medianly, darker laterally, with
two well-defined dark stripes. The abdomen is brownish with a median longitudinal
stripe, less conspicuous toward the apex. The legs usually yellowish. The wing
veins R 4+5 and M 1 curve gently towards one another near the wing margin. Egg
is somewhat sausage-shaped, creamy to brownish and about 1 mm. in length. Larva
is typical of Diptera and measures up to 10 mm., usually 6 mm., when fully grown.
Puparium is typically hard, barrel-shaped, brown, and about 3 mm. in length.
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.)
CEIR 7 (49) 12/6/57

Larva and Adult of Siphona exigua

Figures (except map) from Roberts, F. H. S. 1952. Insects Affecting Livestock.
267 pp. Sydney. :

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

tie.

Fore "

\ tr 3, es wh

\. aik
Se IF sae

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section

Plant Pest Control sion
Agricultural omer, ~~
pete States Department of Ag

vo
Washington 25,

Volume 7 December 13, 1957 Number 50

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY adults trapped in Manatee County, Florida. (p. 921).

Additional information on PEPPER WEEVIL in southern New Jersey. (p. 922).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE found at Logan, €ache County, Utah. (p. 922).

Spread of PINK BOLLWORM in the United States (map). (p. 924).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 925).

GRASSHOPPER adult survey - fall 1957. (following p. 926).

FEE IR I I 2k i 2 2 2K KE 2K IR I a 2k i 2k 6 KK OK OK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 6 unless otherwise
designated.

- 920 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK DECEMBER 9

With Pacific air masses moving eastward across the United States and numerous low
pressure systems developing east of the Rocky Mountains, the week's weather,
generally was unseasonably mild with much cloudiness and heavy precipitation east
of the Mississippi. A heavy snowstorm featured the weather in the East. This
storm, moving eastward from Missouri across Chesapeake Bay on the 3d and 4th, left
1 to 3 inches of snow in central Illinois, several inches in central Indiana, 6

to 8 inches in central Ohio, and up to a foot or more locally along the east coast
from northern Virginia to northern New Jersey. In Washington, D. C., 11.1 inches
were measured. The heavy snow caused great traffic congestion, but it was all
melted by warmer weather and rain on the 7th and 8th. Precipitation occurred on

3 to 5 days in most of the East and weekly totals exceeded an inch from the Ohio
and lower Mississippi Valleys eastward. Water supplies were improved in New
Jersey and adjacent areas of surrounding states, but more precipitation is still
needed as reservoirs in that State remained low and some farmers in Pennsylvania
are still hauling water. In southern areas, except Florida, wet soils continued
to hamper the harvest of late crops. West of the Mississippi, precipitation was
generally very light, except along portions of the Pacific coast. Dry, mild
weather in the Great Plains was very favorable for late harvesting operations.
Strong winds, however, blew the topsoil in eastern Colorado on the 2d. Chinook
winds up to 80 m.p.h., were reported in western South Dakota on the 7th. Temper-
atures for the week averaged 6° to as much as 12° above normal in the northwestern
Great Plains and a few degrees above in other northern areas, tapering off to
normal or below in southern areas. Weekly averages ranged from 3° to 6° below
normal in Florida where freezing occurred in the central Peninsula on the 2d and
in northern areas again on the 5th and 6th. The freeze caused only slight damage.
Subzero minima during the week were limited to higher elevations in the Rocky and
northern Appalachian Mountains, and a few stations in the Great Lakes region. In
Wisconsin bare ground in the south is frozen a few inches deep and small lakes

and shallow streams in the State are frozen over. In the Mississippi River navi-
gation ended at LaCrosse, Wis., on the 2nd, and at Guttenberg, Iowa, on the 3d.
Also on the 3d the last ore boat left Duluth, Minn. Snow cover at the end of the
period was limited to the western Mountains, from eastern North Dakota through

the upper Great Lakes region, and in northern sections of New York State and New
England. In the northern Cascades depths measured 2 feet or more above elevations
of 4,000 feet.

(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 921 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Twenty-five northeastern counties
have been sampled to December 7 in annual Federal-State chinch bug survey. An
increase of 29 percent (county averages) was noted in number of bugs hibernating
compared with last year. Okfuskee County had the highest county average, 9,775
bugs per square foot while Sequoyah County had the lowest, 71 per square foot.
Seventy-two percent of the counties surveyed this year had infestation ratings of
severe-very severe compared with 53 percent in the fall of 1956. (Fed. -State
Chinch Bug Survey)

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations, 3-5 per linear foot
of row, were noted in Ottawa County. Numbers were restricted largely to oats,
both volunteer and planted. An occasional greenbug was found on oats in Mayes
County. (Coppock, Robinson). FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults heavily infesting 3 acres
of oats at Marianna, Jackson County. (Crowell, Oct. 26).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Numbers ran from 0 to 3
per linear foot of row in oats and wheat in Mayes and Ottawa Counties. (Coppock ,
Robinson).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - CALIFORNIA - Survey in Imperial County
in towns of Brawley and Calipatria was conducted. All St. Augustine grass lawns
readily located were surveyed for infestation. No scale reported from either
city. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

A SCALE INSECT (Antonina nortoni) - OKLAHOMA - Adults taken from purple threeawn
(Aristida purpurea) in Texas County, November 14. Found on roots and crown of

plant. (Apt) .

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum fitchiii and R. maidis were found occasionally
on few fields of oats and wheat in Mayes and Ottawa Counties. Penthaleus major
was occasionally noted in oats in Mayes and Craig Counties. (Coppock, Robinson) .

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Infestation 10
percent in 2 fields in Ottawa County. (CoppockK, Robinson).

FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida - Activity of PURPLE SCALE unchanged
this week with little change expected in next week or two. The average infest-—
ation will be above normal in December. There was a reduction of activity of
FLORIDA RED SCALE this week, and the general trend in December will be down.
CITRUS RED MITE activity continued to increase this week and further increase is
expected. CITRUS RUST MITE activity was unchanged this week and a declining
trend will begin in a week or two, but the level will remain high through
December. TEXAS CITRUS MITE infestations are still increasing. (Pratt, Thompson,
Johnson; November 26).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Two males trapped on
Sneads Island, Manatee County, November 26. (Bittner).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - NEW JERSEY - A survey

was conducted from October 14 to 18 in 58 apple plantings in 11 counties of which
37 were infested. The heaviest infestations were found in southern area, but
orchards in Monmouth, Warren and Morris Counties showed from 13.7 to 33 percent

of the leaves mined. The highest percentage of infested leaves in each county was
as follows: Cumberland-55.7, Atlantic-84, Gloucester-539.7, Camden-87.3,
Burlington-79.7, Monmouth-33, Mercer-83, Middlesex-10, Warren-20.7, Morris-13.7,
Bergen-0. It is impossible to forecast at present what the future of this insect
will be in 1958, however, a potential for a heavy outbreak exists in many
orchards. (N.J. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rept.).

- 922 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - NEW JERSEY - Pepper weevil was discovered in
Gloucester County in September, 1957, and identification was confirmed by R. E.
Warner. It is now present in the general area around Vineland in Atlantic,
Gloucester and Cumberland Counties. Since pepper weevil is capable of multiplying
very rapidly, the infestation may well be of one season's duration only. Plants
from seeds supplied by local farmers are grown in the infested southern area and
brought to New Jersey for setting in the fields. Since pepper weevil is a serious
pest of peppers, the area should be watched closely to ascertain if the weevil
could possibly appear again early in the 1958 season. The possibility of weevils
overwintering in greenhouses in the Vineland area should be followed up closely.
We J4 Goops Econ ins Surv):

LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Large numbers moved from second crop alfalfa, after cutting,
to potato crop in Milford area, Beaver County; 500 acres were sprayed for control.
(Knowlton).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Inspections were conducted
on 12 lint cleaners and 21 gin stands in 13 southern cotton producing counties.
Total of 84 pink bollworm larvae were recovered in Greer, Tillman, Jefferson,
Kiowa and McClain Counties. The remaining 8 counties were negative. (Fed.-State
PBW Comm.). CALIFORNIA - Boll and gin trash inspections completed in Imperial
County. A total of 16,750 green bolls and 3,320 bushels of trash were inspected.
No pink bollworm were found. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS
SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - UTAH - Found in dead

Siberian elm at Logan, Cache County, October 17, 1957. Det. S. L. Wood.
(Heninger).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - MARYLAND - Very heavy on privet at Baltimore.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - MARYLAND - Infesting hemlock at
Annapolis. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MARYLAND - Heavy damage noted to
spruce and hemlock at Annapolis. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - MARYLAND - Heavy on lilac ina
nursery at Dundalk. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

A DERMESTID (Perimegatoma vespulae) - CALIFORNIA - Light on single property in
Santa Paula, Ventura County. This is second California record, the first being
found in wheat grass seed in Alameda County, April 1955. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

A FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium destructor) - CALIFORNIA - Collected in debris and
grain in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

KHAPRA BEETLE INSPECTION - CALIFORNIA - A new infestation of khapra beetle
(Trogoderma granarium) reported from Granite Station, Kern County, on sacks of
mixed feed. Infestation medium. This was the 316th recorded infestation in the
State since the beginning of the program. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

- 923 -

OREGON - Thirteen establishments inspected in Morrow, Sherman and Gilliam Counties;
no khapra beetle found. Light infestations of red flour beetle, cadelle and
granary weevils discovered in several localities. (Chinn, Nov. 30).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

LARGER YELLOW ANT (Lasius interjectus) - MARYLAND - Causing a nuisance around
homes in Caroline and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Extension of new
positive finds north of Hillsborough, River State Park, and found for first time
south of Hillsborough River, Hillsborough County. (Bittner, Nov. 29).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis

unip. yps. orn. marg. subter. zea

ARKANSAS

Stuttgart 11/21-26 2 4

Fayetteville 11/23-12/6 95 14
NEBRASKA (County) :

Lincoln 11/15-24 2 ri 2
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)

Oconee 11/30-12/6 5 iL 1 3 4

Florence 11/30-12/6 2

Charleston 11/25-12/8 1 U 2 ; 10 2

LG6T ‘vasn ‘Suv ut peszederd

u0}}09 PITM UT Sand00 *

9s6l-ovel LS
Svel-oc6! FJ
6z6l-2ic)

- 924 -

ah
Vref

9S6I - LI6I

WHOMTIOd UNId JO Gvadds

- 925 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

APPLE SUCKER (Psylla mali Schmidberger)

Economic Importance: Apple sucker is a serious pest of apple in many European
countries and has caused considerable concern in orchards in the provinces of
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada, in some years. It is considered one of
the most serious pests of apple in Norway. A study conducted in the lower Elbe
region of Germany in 1925 showed P. mali to be the most important factor in
decreased apple yields in that area. Populations were so abundant in the Havel
River fruit district of that country in 1920 that most of the apples failed to
ripen. England has recorded as much as 70 percent damage to the apple crop in
some areas. Among other countries reporting severe damage are Sweden, Denmark,
Switzerland and Russia. Following discovery of the psyllidin Nova Scotia in 1919,
damaging infestations were reported during the next decade in that area; however,
in recent years most infestations have been light to medium although a few severe
infestations occurred in 1955. Infestations cause shriveling of blossoms and
yellowing and dropping of foliage. They are of greatest importance when blossom
ing and fruit-set are light to moderate.

Apple Sucker Damage to Apple Twig and Fruit

General Distribution of Psylla mali

Psyllidae, Hemiptera No. 34 of Series

- 926 -

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia), Australia, Austria,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Japan, Norway,
Poland, USSR, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, France, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Rumania,
Hungary, Poland.

Hosts: Apple preferred. Pear, plum, quince sometimes attacked.

Life History and Habits: In Nova Scotia, Canada, nymphs hatch when apple buds

are about half open and enter terminals where they feed at the base of leaves and
flower stalks. As nymphs approach maturity they move out and
feed on fruit stems, leaf petioles and blades. Nymphal stages
last from four to five weeks. Adults remain on the trees until
late in the fall. They feed slightly but cause no apparent
damage. Egg laying begins in September on the current season's
growth, chiefly on fruit spurs. As many as 85 eggs have been
observed around a single bud. On warm days adults jump rap-
idly and take to flight when disturbed. The nymphs excrete
large quantities of honeydew and the presence of this substance
is an identifying characteristic of the insect's presence in

an orchard.

Description: Adult, in summer, pale green tinged with yellow.
Eyes pale green, dark reddish brown at center. Ocelli bright
orange-yellow. Antennae green at base, remainder yellowish
brown to black on last two segments. Beak black at tip. Wings
transparent, iridescent, veins of forewings yellowish. Tibial
and tarsal spurs and claws jet black; legs lighter. Posterior
margin of each abdominal segment except the last, orange-
yellow. As the season progress, coloration changes, especially
Eggs On Twig in the female. Generally the light colored membranes become
more brilliant and dark chitinized portions more intense.
Total length of body to tip of folded wing - 3.7 to 4.0 mm. Fifth-instar nymphs
pale yellowish green, tip of abdomen orange to brown. Wing pads pale, dirty
yellow. Eyes whitish with dark centers. Antennae dusky black at tip. Length 1.7-
2.1 mm. Egg cylindrical, elongate, broadiy rounded at apex. A short spine-like
process projects from ventral surface, attaching egg to twig. Color whitish when
first laid, becoming yellow and later reddish orange.

Psylla mali Adult and Fifth-instar Nymph

Figures (except map) from Speyer, W. 1929. Der Apfelblattsauger Psylla mali

Schmidberger. 127 pp., Berlin.

UNITED STATES DEPART!
AGRICULTURAL RE’
PLANT PEST CON

TO COOPERATORS:

This map is based upon the results of cooperati'
summer and fall of 1957. The survey reveals whe
indicate the potential severity of infestations
orovide the final index of grasshopper populati:
season.

The infestation on croplands, shown on the map

which was indicated for 1957. Control on those .
assistance from Division and State personnel. TI
colors, total 18,686,492 acres in 17 Western an:

RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATION:

REGION LANDOWNERSHIP - ACRES
AND Private Public
STATE & State Domain

CENTRAL:

Kansas 218,800 218,800
Nebraska 355,000 S55, 000
North Dakota i Olohe) i S60 18,560
South Dakota 12,800 LS TOO Zor 500
WESTERN:

Arizona 0 0 0

California 6) GSO), Sisi0) SO FU0C 8035980
Colorado is89000 40,000 ,429,000
| daho 203,280 246,720 450 ,000

The survey was planned and performed by the Plar
Service in cooperation with various state agenc|

e oertnay reas

(SEE REVERSE SIDE)

GRASSHOPPER

ADULT SURVEY - FALL

tree ae rence
2 i 2 — toot
aes :
ae
= orm
cone ane

| m7 tee
ofa Sons

t a hee

1957

| a VERY SEVERE 28 OR MORE GRASSHOPPERS

PER SQUARE YARD

SEVERE 156 TO 28 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD
i) THREATENING B TO 14 GRASSHOPPERS PER

SQUARE YARD

is a8 LIGHT 3 TO 7 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD

SOLID COLORS - RANGELAND INFESTATIONS
STIPPLED GOLORS~- CROPLAND INFESTATIONS

NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON GROP OR RANGELAND WILL DEPEND
UPON TYPE OF HABITAT, SPECIES PRESENT, WEATHER, AND
CONDITION OF VEGETATION.

DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER
PROBLEM IN SPECIFIC AREAS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM
STATE PEST CONTROL OFFIGIALS, COUNTY AGENTS, AND
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PERSONNEL.

PREPARED IN PPG- ARS~ USDA
NOVEMBER 30, 1967

GPO 850458

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
PLANT PEST CONTROL UIVISION

TO COOPERATORS:

This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the late
summer and fall of 1957. The survey reveals where and how many grasshoppers infest an area, and
indicate the potential severity of infestations for 1958. Nymphal surveys, made each spring,
provide the final index of grasshopper populations which will warrant control that growing

season.

The infestation on croplands, shown on the map in stippling, in general is lighter than that

which was indicated for 1957. Control on those lands will be handlea by the farmers with technical
assistance from Division anc State personnel. The infested range areas, shown on the map in solid
colors, total 18,686,492 acres in 17 Western anda KMidwestern States.

RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIONS - ACREAGE BY REGIONS - FALL 1957

STATE

REGION LANDOWNERSHIP - ACRES REGION LANDOWNERSHIP - AGRES
Private Public U@ celal AND
ea ostaue Domain Acres

& State Doniain Acres

Montana 3,020,000 | 1,891,000 | 4,911,000
Kansas 218,800 - 218,800 Nevada 18 ,800 63,700 82,500
Nebraska 355 ,000 = 355 , 000 New Mexico 431,300 41,000 472,300
North Dakota 1,000 Ly, Sew) 18,560 Oregon 364,147 ZS) SOS) SI3shieoe
South Dakota 12,800 INS 5 HOW 26,500 Utah = 60,000 60,000
WESTERN: Washington 250,280 onc 326 , 000
Arizona 0 0 0 Wyoming 982,200 61,000 643,200
California 3,030,980 5,000 $8,035,980 ||SOQUTHERN:
Colorado 1,389,000 40,000 »429 ,000 Oklahoma 240,000 50,000 290,000
Idaho 203,280 246,720 450 ,000 Texas 5,972,000 = 5,972,000

The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultura] Research
Service in cooperation with various state agencies concerned.

November 30, 1957

pisMENT OF AGRICULTURE
czeSEARCH SERVICE
Hund ROL DIVISION

Hos1

Life
are

ve grasshopper adult surveys made during the late
re and how many grasshoppers infest an area, and
for 1958. Nymphal surveys, made each spring,

ons which will warrant control that growing

in stippling, in general is lighter than that

lands will be handlea by the farmers with technical
ne infested range areas, shown on the map in solid
d Midwestern States.

> = ACREAGE BY REGIONS - FALL 1957

LANDOWNERSHIP - ACRES

& State
Montana 3,020,000 | 1,891,000 | 4,911,000
Nevada 18,800 63,700 82,500

New Mexico 431,300 41 ,000 472,300
Oregon 364,147 29:,.505 393,652

Utah 60,000 60,000
Washington 250,280 75,720 | 326,000
Wyoming 582,200 61,000 | 643,200

SOUTHERN:

Oklahoma 240,000 50,000 | 290,000
Texas 5,972,000 = 5,972,000

it Pest Control Division, Agricultura] Research

Fig.
al ES concerned.
qT

Sc

November 30, 1957

OY
i

RY
SS
N
y

re,

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICI

sy

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued —
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

fa Me
iy
t Tadi VS HAM

.

=<

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release | ae
should be mailed to: im :

Plant Pest Survey Section i . eggs “ie
Plant Pest Cael Bese S3tAG G3 Bd >:
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 December 20, 1957 Number 51

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

Potential CHINCH BUG problem in Illinois expected to be light. (p.929)

KHAPRA BEETLE found for first time in Santa Cruz County, Arizona and two new
infestations reported in California. (p. 932).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT reported for the first time in Gulf and Marion Counties,
Florida and in Madison Parish, Louisiana. (p. 932).

Highlights of INSECT OCCURRENCES in Canada, 1957. (p. 933).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 935).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 932)

CORRECTION - Map showing spread of PINK BOLLWORM in the United States on page
937 replaces map on page 924, CEIR 7(50). Original map did not show spread in
Arizona.

SOR I I a a a IK IK IC I IE I IK IK IK I IE IK KK ac

Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 13 unless otherwise
designated.

- 928 -

WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-DECEMBER 1957 TO MID-JANUARY 1958

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-December to mid-January
calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over most of the nation
east of the Continental Divide except for near normal over the northern tier of
states and in the extreme southeast. Below normal temperatures are expected over
central and northern areas west of the Divide, with near to above normal in
southern portions. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal west of the
Continental Divide and also over the northern third of the country. Subnormal
amounts are indicated over the southern third of the nation east of the Divide.
In remaining areas near normal amounts are in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook",
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a
half year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 16

A midweek cold wave highlighted the week's weather east of the Rocky Mountains.
First felt in north-central areas on the 10th, the rapidly moving blast of cold
Arctic air covered the entire eastern United States early on the 12th. It whipped
up dust in the western Great Plains and reduced temperatures to subzero levels in
the North and to subfreezing levels in the Deep South. Freezing was widespread

in Texas and the second major freeze of the season to hit the southern vegetable
growing area of that State where minima dropped to the middle 20's. Citrus harvest
will be delayed for several days until freeze damage can be determined. In
Florida, low readings on the 12th and 13th, ranging from 12° to 27° in the north
and 32° to 37° in the Everglades, approximated those of the more recent historic
freezes of December 1934 and January 1940. In the central portions of the
Peninsula including the west coast, temperatures of 26° or lower persisted from

5 to 1l hours. Winds made protective measures difficult. Citrus, truck, sugar-
cane, and shrubbery all suffered losses, the extent of which is not yet determined.
Another important feature of the week's weather was the moderate to heavy precip-
itation the first part of the period along the north Atlantic coast which greatly
improved soil moisture and water supplies. Precipitation since November 1 now
totals 9 inches at Boston, Mass., and 8.56 and 7.92 inches at Middletown and
Hartford, Conn., respectively. Last week's precipitation totaled 2.03 inches at
Atlantic City, N. J., and averaged about 1.25 inches for that State.

The cold wave was preceded and followed by unseasonably mild temperatures, with
little or no precipitation other than along the middle and north Atlantic coast.
Dry weather and frozen ground were favorable for completion of late harvesting
operations in many mid-continent areas. Temperatures were unusually mild in the
Far West, except in California's Central Valley where they were well below normal.
Average departures from normal ranged from 12° above in the central and northern
Rockies to 6° below normal in the San Joaquin Valley. Measurable precipitation
fell at nearly all stations west of the Divide on the 14th or 15th. Totals
exceeded 1 inch in portions of middle and northern California and in coastal areas
of Washington and Oregon. On the 11th snow fell over the Appalachian region and
Northeast and in local areas of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region. Falls
ranged from 5 to 7 inches in northern New England, 2 to 7 inches in Connecticut
and interior New Jersey, and 4 to 8 inches in eastern New York State. In New
York's Hudson Valley, glaze occurred on 2 days early in the week. Warmer weather
over the weekend melted virtually all the snow cover, except in some interior
areas of New York and New England and the extreme upper Great Lakes region. The
ground remained bare all week in the Great Plains. (Summary supplied by U. S.
Weather Bureau).

- 929 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - During 1957, there were approximately 10,623 acres of
cropland and 12,255 acres of fence rows treated for control. In western area,
5,094 acres of fence rows were treated and only 36 in southeastern area, and in
the central area 2,538 acres of cropland were treated and in southeastern area

58 acres were treated. This is the maximum and minimum acreages. Other sections
range between these figures. Savings on actual cropland treated added to protec-—
tion supplied by fence row, roadside and ditch bank treating is believed to have
saved $114,390. (111. Ins. Rept.). NEVADA -Egg survey shows considerable para-
sitism in northeastern Elko County. COLORADO - Survey in seven eastern counties
in November showed average of 8.7 percent marginal injury in fall-planted wheat.
Total estimated loss in area was 54,101 acres. This type of injury is more wide-
spread and more severe this season than from many years and has resulted in very
serious losses. Second-generation Melanoplus bilituratus has been responsible
for most of the damage in eastern Colorado. (PPC, West. Reg.). MINNESOTA - Egg
survey in Koochiching, Itasca and Lake of the Woods Counties shows more egg pods
present than adult survey indicated. M. bivittatus dominant in most areas.
WISCONSIN - Clark and Taylor Counties only areas with significant number of eggs.
(PPC, Cent. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Severe damage to a 30 acre field
of oats in Jackson County. Populations up to 200 mites per linear foot of row
were present. Control measures have been initiated. (Coppock, Hatfield).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate on barley in Hampton, Lee, Orangeburg,
Darlington, Dillon, Sumter and Marlboro Counties. (Nettles et al.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Number of hibernating bugs per
Square foot averaged 85 in Jackson County and 3,903 in Comanche County. (Fed.-
State Chinch Bug Survey). ILLINOIS - Infestations were limited in 1957 to a few
areas that were missed by the heavy spring and summer rains. Some fields of small
grains were Sprayed and in some cases chinch bugs attacked small corn. Total
acreage treated was 4,598 acres while only 200 acres of crops were estimated to
have been destroyed. Savings above treatment costs were estimated at $18,392.
Compared with previous years, the potential chinch bug problem in 1958 is the
mildest in Several years. It is noticeable that the severity has been decreasing
each year Since 1954. Unless weather in late May, June and July is extremely
favorable to chinch bugs, no problems are anticipated. The center of the infes-
tation is an elliptical area extending from McDonough County to Vermilion and
Edgar Counties. Piatt County was the only county in which the rating was very
severe and in Fulton County the rating was severe. (I11l. Ins. Rept.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ILLINOIS - Distribution was general throughout
southern two-thirds of State during spring and early summer of 1957 in grass and
grain fields. No general outbreaks occurred and no treatments of any consequence
were required for control. (Ill. Ins. Rept.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on volunteer barley
in Garfield, Kingfisher and Canadian Counties. Also common in planted barley
adjacent to volunteer fields. (Coppock).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional specimens collected from
volunteer oatsS in Canadian County. (Coppock).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA - Infesting sweet corn near
Punta Gorda, Charlotte County. (H. Denmark).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - UTAH — Continues to be numerous on
alfalfa in Kanab area of Kane County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Decreased to very
low numbers in all areas of State; unable to find in many fields. (Coppock).

- 930 -

A STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza pratorum) - WASHINGTON - Adult reared from pupa collected
on winter wheat at Quincy, June 6, 1957. Caused dwarfing of plant and white head.
Very rare occurrence. (Dailey).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Surveys were made
in 13 counties during November. Extensions were found in 7 counties, and 1,095
additional acres found infested, 698 of which were in Stanly County. (PPC, Sou.
Reg.).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSOURI - Twenty-one additional
infested fields found in Pemiscot County and one in New Madrid County during
November. For the State, this makes a total of 78 properties in Pemiscot, 6 in
New Madrid and one in Stoddard County. (PPC, Cent. Reg.). ARKANSAS - Soil samples
were collected in Clay, Craighead, Cross, Greene, Poinsett and Randolph Counties
involving 6,599 acres. No additional infestations found. MISSISSIPPI - Soil
samples were collected in Bolivar, De Soto, Tunica and Washington Counties,
totaling 439 acres. No infestations were found. TENNESSEE - Limited surveys
were made in Dyer, Lake, Obion, Gibson and Lauderdale Counties. One additional
infestation found in Lake County and one in Obion County, totaling 95 acres.
(PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

FRUIT INSECTS

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - In the citrus producing counties
of lower Rio Grande Valley, 2,184 traps were operated during November. No
positive finds. (PPC, Sou. Reg.).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - During November, trapping continued
with 14 traps in operation in Baldwin County and 8 traps in Mobile County, ALABAMA;
47 traps in Gulfport district of MISSISSIPPI. All trapping operations in Alabama,
Mississippi and Louisiana were negative. At the close of November, 23,846 traps
were in operation in FLORIDA. A summary of activities at the end of November in
that State shows that 800,423 acres were treated one or more times, 4,300 acres
were under treatment review, and 6,764,898 aggregate acres have been treated

since the beginning of the program. On November 6, four flies were trapped at
Rocky Bluff, and on November 26, two flies were picked up on Sneads Island, both
collections in Manatee County. (PPC, Sou. Reg.).

AN ERIOPHYID (Aceria litchii) - FLORIDA - Survey conducted in four lychee groves
in vicinity of known infestation at Nokomis, Sarasota County, revealed no new
mite infestations. Mites were found on two additional trees in the infested
grove. (H. Denmark).

BURROWING NEMATODE (Radopholus similis) - FLORIDA - Surveys were made during
November of 67 citrus groves, 14 of which were found infested for the first time.
Surveys of 152 citrus nurseries revealed 10 new infestations and of 11 ornamental
nurseries 5 new infestations were found. One avocado grove, also, was found
infested for the first time. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Infestations: were found for
the first time in Wayne County, GEORGIA; Webster Parish, LOUISIANA and Neshoba
County, MISSISSIPPI. The latter infestation was found during October and the
other two during November. Surveys were also conducted in 103 counties in
ALABAMA, FLORIDA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI and SOUTH CAROLINA. These
revealed 328 new infestations in 48 counties, all of which, with the exception of
the three counties noted above, were in counties previously known to be infested.
(PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

- 931 -

BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 3 per plant on 50
bean plants inspected at Plant City, Hillsborough County. (Lowe, Nov. 12).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Native vegetation in northern
district of control area drying rapidly. Highest population near Los Banos,
Merced County. Leafhoppers in Ingram Canyon, Stanislaus County, ranged from ‘one
to three per 10 sweeps. Should vegetation continue to dry, leafhoppers will
concentrate on the greener vegetation in the swales. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - CALIFORNIA - Based on figures by the Imperial
County Agricultural Office, damage to crops in Imperial County would have exceeded
36.5 million dollars if A. assimilis had not been controlled. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Populations varying
from trace to heavy in peppermint fields in lower Yakima Valley and Quincy area
during July and August. Peppermint easily damaged by this mite, causes browning
of leaves. Heavily infested fields have burned appearance. (Frick).

AN APHID (Anuraphis menthae-radicis) - WASHINGTON - Very light infestation of
adults and nymphs on peppermint roots at Grandview, August 15. (Frick).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Final boll inspections
completed in Kings and Tulare Counties. Total bolls examined in these surveys
numbered 10,000 and 21,700 respectively. No pink bollworm was found. (Cal. Coop.
Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Thirty lint cleaners and 22 gin stands inspected in 14 cotton
producing counties; a total of 229 pink bollworm larvae found. (Fed.-State PBW
Comm., Dec. 4). FLORIDA - In Monroe County, 634 hibiscus blooms were inspected

at previously known infested areas. Sixty-four pink bollworms were found.
ARKANSAS - Inspections were made of 5,381 bushels of gin trash from 38 counties.
Lint cleaner and boll inspections were also made. All inspections during November
were negative. TENNESSEE - Gin trash inspections were made of 515 bushels of
trash collected in Shelby, Tipton, Haywood, Fayette, Hardeman and McNairy Counties.
All inspections were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A NOTODONTID (Datana robusta) - CALIFORNIA - Defoliating sumac plants in coastal
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - UTAH - Damaging shade locust trees at a
Salt Lake residence. Common occurrence. (Knowlton).

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - WASHINGTON - Rather extensive infestation
on carnations in greenhouse at Sumner. Two year old plants most seriously
affected. (Doucette).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Problem in many localities in Beaver, Garfield, Grand, Emery,
Duchesne, Piute, Kane and Wasatch Counties. (Knowlton).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - WASHINGTON - Light infestation of larvae
in floor debris in feed mill warehouSe in Walla Walla, November 19. (Walker).

- 932 -

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Infestation found in rural store
at Amado; first record for Santa Cruz County. Infested premises have now been
found in 9 of Arizona's 14 counties (to November 30). (PPC, West. Reg.).
CALIFORNIA - Two new infestations reported during week. One in Bodfish, Kern
County; heavy on Sudan grass seed. Second infestation in Bard, Imperial County;
light on feed sacks and macaroni. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

DERMESTIDS - NEBRASKA - Dermestids infesting a CCC bin of wheat at Odell
determined as an aberrant form of Trogoderma glabrum. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Nov.).
WASHINGTON - Light infestation of T. inclusum larvae in barley waste in feed mill
at Walla Walla, November 19. (Walker).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis sSsaevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Infestations found
near Wewahitchka, Gulf County and Fellowship, Marion County. These are first
reported finds in Gulf and Marion Counties. (H. Denmark). LOUISIANA - Positive
identifications received of specimens collected in Madison Parish. TENNESSEE -
Inspections through southern part of Shelby County were negative. TEXAS - A
detailed survey was begun in seven counties adjoining six known infested counties
in southeastern area of State. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
Agrotis Feltia
ypsilon subterranea
SOUTH CAROLINAG (County) ania nin © bee weaeolo » Ll) prt ln

Oconee 12/7-13 1

FLORIDA
Gainesville 12/3 al
Quincy 12/3 S
Monticello 12/3-4 ZA

ADDITIONAL NOTES

PENNSYLVANIA - GARDEN FLEAHOPPER caused quite extensive damage to tomatoes in
Franklin County in July, 1957. (Kreiner). CLOVER MITE was very abundant on house
in south central area on December 3. (Pepper). PITCH TWIG MOTH infesting entire
plantation of red pine in Schuylkull County, December 6. (Menusan).

HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCES - 1957
CANADA
Prepared by C. G. MacNay

A major factor affecting insect abundance and damage in Canada in 1957 was the
unusual variation in rainfall. In Manitoba heavy rains greatly reduced GRASS-
HOPPER abundance and in Saskatchewan fine weather at hatching favored unex-
pectedly large numbers. After the heavy rains associated with hurricane Audrey
at the end of June in the east, there were drought conditions in many regions of
both east and west. Probably associated with these weather conditions were large
populations of APHIDS from coast to coast, notably on trees in the west, and
unusual injury by the SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) , RED-BACKED
CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) , and WHITE GRUBS.

In the interior of British Columbia, GRASSHOPPERS were slightly more numerous than
in 1956 and control measures were necessary in the Okanagan and Thompson Valleys,
where fruit and vegetables were attacked. They caused little damage in Alberta,
but in south central and extreme southern agricultural regions of Saskatchewan an
unexpected increase caused moderate losses, especially in flax. In southern
Manitoba, although heavy rains checked hatching and favored development of disease
organisms and lush plant growth, sufficient numbers survived to cause extensive
damage in gardens, field margins, pastures, and meadows.

As usual, CUTWORMS were generally injurious, but an outbreak of the RED-BACKED
CUTWORM from British Columbia to Saskatchewan was the worst in several years. In
the interior of British Columbia this pest attacked vegetable and flower gardens,
alfalfa, and grain. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, local losses in grain ranged
from 50 to 100 percent. Severe damage in foothills and parkland was a new feature
for the species. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was moderate in southern
Alberta, but larvae developed early and much damage was averted by delayed seeding.
In Eastern Canada ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) damaged grain, hay, corn, and
pastures in every province, severe local outbreaks occurring in southern Ontario,
Quebec, New Brunswick and Newfoundland.

A very severe infestation of second-year WHITE GRUBS occurred in all agricultural
areas of Ontario excepting the Niagara Peninsula and extended into southern Quebec
and New Brunswick. Damage to all host crops was severe and in eastern Ontario was
accentuated by drought. Skunks fed extensively on the grubs, causing further
damage to permanent sod.

A general outbreak of SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER caused severe damage to flax, carrots,
beets, lettuce, corn, potatoes, and celery in the Prairie Provinces and Ontario;
yellows and purple top were very common. Local outbreaks of BEET WEBWORM
(Loxostege sticticalis) damaged rape flax in Alberta and Saskatchewan, the infes-
tation in the Latter province being the heaviest in several years. PAINTED-LADY
(Vanessa cardui) was unusually numerous from Manitoba to Nova Scotia, the damage
in Manitoba being extensive in sunflowers and sugar beets. Unusually large
numbers of the ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) fed on various hosts in Ontario,
SOD WEBWORMS heavily infested grassland in the Fraser River Valley, B. C., and
pastures in Prince Edward Island. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was very injurious
to alfalfa on irrigated land in Alberta. Damage by WIREWORMS and ROOT MAGGOTS was
generally much lighter than usual, partly because of improved control measures,

Some pests also caused notable injury to vegetables. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa
californica) severely damaged lettuce at Cloverdale, B. C. APHID populations on
potato in New Brunswick were the largest in several years. The area infested by
CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) in the Holland Marsh, Ont., increased

- 934 -

from 150 acres in 1956 to 300 acres. An unusual infestation of COLORADO POTATO
BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) on 10 acres of tomatoes in Kent County, Ont.,
required control measures. Populations of POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) on
potatoes, beans, and alfalfa were the largest in several years in Southwestern
Ontario. POTATO STEM BORER (Hydroecia micacea) was unusually abundant in corn,
tomatoes, potatoes, and rhubarb in Eastern Canada. SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia
cucurbitae) was very numerous in southwestern Ontario. SLUGS were very injurious
to corn, timothy, and vegetables in Ontario, after heavy rains associated with
hurricane Audrey. NEMATODES were recorded for the first time as pests in market
gardens in irrigated areas of Alberta and on onions in southern Ontario,

Damage by fruit insects was highlighted in British Columbia by a heavy infestation
of various SOFT SCALES on apricots and peaches in the Okanagan Valley and an
unprecedented infestation of cane fruits by RASPBERRY CANE MAGGOT (Pegomya rubivora)
in coastal areas. In Ontario, parasitism of ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha
molesta) by Macrocentrus ancylivorus was unusually high; GRAPEVINE APHID (Aphis
illinoisensis eavily infested grape in Lincoln County, after extreme scarcity
for 30 years; and AN APHID appearing on apple in recent years was identified as
Ovatus sp. near crataegarius. Insects recorded as pests of strawberry for the
first time included Iepidopterous larvae in stems and fruit in coastal British
Columbia, Harpalus rufipes feeding extensively on fruit at Medord, N. S., and
Cnephasia virgaureana infesting plants in Newfoundland,

Other newsworthy items included; paralysis of 342 head of livestock and the death
of 40 at Kamloops, B. C., caused by the ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor
andersoni) ; andfirst records of the LILAC LEAF MINER (Gracilaria syringella) at
Lethbridge, Alta., of A SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus raptor) in Saskatchewan, and of
Musca autumnalis in Quebec.

EEE EEO

- 935 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) )

Economic Importance: Plagues of this locust have been known throughout the Middle
East and Africa Since early Biblical times. Damage has been extensive in many
areas although the frequency of attacks is largely dependant on ecological and
meteorological conditions. Normally attacks occur only about once in 10 years in
Egypt. Losses on sorghum caused by the migratory phase in the Sudan in 1936 were
estimated at 50,000 tons and an estimated 1,235,000 acres of crops in French North
Africa, valued at 100 million franes, were destroyed in 1929 and 1930. Swarms
were very numerous in Iran and India during 1951 and 1952 and in the latter country
the swarms covered over 100 square miles with one egg field extending over 150
square miles. Costs of the control campaign in 1954 and 1955 amounted to about
1,300,000 dollars and the campaign in 1955 and 1956 to about 1,500,000 dollars.

Hosts: Attacks many cultivated and wild hosts, the most important being alfalfa,
tobacco, sorghum, millet, beans, sugarcane, cotton, citrus and small grains.

c . Na
FP WK. »
OKs x ‘

\ eee Seasonal breeding areas
a WK Areas of migratory flight
Xe NS NS SEN SS | | J EE SE) EY 1 se Sy _y fs
i 140" 160" 180" M 140" " ” a y ¥ 0" y i” z

General Distribution of Desert Locust

Distribution: The migratory forms invade large areas covering most of Africa and
the Middle East. Generally, limits of migrations are east to the Bay of Bengal
in India, as far north as the Aral Sea in USSR and southern Spain in Europe,
although isolated specimens have been collected as far north as Scotland. The
species has also been reported in Zanzibar, Canary Islands and the Azores,

Life History and Habits: Average life of adult male is about 80 days, adult
female about 68 days in Egypt. Oviposition takes place in cultivated and desert
areas, preferably in sandy soil. Breeding rarely occurs south of latitude 12°
north. Females deposit from 1 to 6 egg pods with number of eggs per pod averaging
between 28 and 59. The incubation period requires 27 to 43 days in February and
March and 15 days in April and May. Young locusts in the migratory phase display
gregarious instincts from the beginning and march in column, not in line. The
nymphal stages require about 45 days in winter. There are normally 5 instars,
sometimes more. As they advance in age, nymphs become more voracious, The desert

Orthoptera, Acrididae No. 35 of Series

- 936 -

locust exists in two extreme forms or phases, one typically swarming (phase
gregaria) and the other typically solitary (phase solitaria). The intermediate
phase or form is transiens. The difference between the two phases lies in the
habits and morphological characteristics of the adults and the color and habits
of the nymphs. Under favorable conditions 3 generations a year may be produced.
There is no diapause in any stage of development. Invasions of migratory locusts
are always characterized by irregular fluctuations rather than a regular period-
icity. The morphological distinctions between the two phases are noted in the
description, The migratory phase exhibits the characteristics of the phase when
and where the density of the populations makes it possible. The grasshoppers
living in isolation cannot retain these characters and acquire those of the
solitary phase. This transforation is not immediate, but may extend over one or
more generations, hence intermediate forms are common. Young swarms of migratory
forms leave the breeding areas in East Africa in October and breed during winter
rains on the coasts of the Red Sea. Grasshoppers from this brood later migrate
inland where another generation is produced. This brood returns to breeding
grounds in East Africa for the summer rains. The same general pattern is true in
western North Africa. The insects breed during winter and spring in Algeria,
Tunisia and Morocco and then migrate to Sudan, French West and Equatorial Africa
for the summer rains. Breeding during the summer rains also takes place in north-
western India and Pakistan.

Description: The differences between phase gregaria and solitaria are as follows.
The gregaria form - recently molted adults pale-pink gradually changing into red
when in migration flight. Sexually mature males bright yellow while females
slightly yellow, especially on head, thorax, basal part of elytra and legs; abdomen
slate. Pronotal keel less distinct and surface of pronotum almost smooth, Earlier

stages black, gradually changing into black with orange, red and yellow combination,

Nymphs exhibit gregarious habit from beginning and form dense bands which move in
masses. The solitaria form - recently molted adults greenish and later becoming
grayish. Sexual maturity attained without any change in color. Pronotal keel more
developed. Pronotum more distinctly sculptured. Nymphs uniformly green, with
faint traces of black markings, rarely fawn or dark waxy green. Nymphs generally
not gregarious, even when they exhibit a tendency towards gregariousness they do
not move in masses. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with
other ARS agencies.) CEIR 7 (51) 12-20-57

Posterior of Male Posterior of Female

Figures of posterior end of abdomen of male and female from Faure, J. C. 1932.
Bul. Ent. Res. 23(3):293-405. Figure of adult--USDA photograph.

LS6T ‘ET tequeseq ‘PZ6: (0S) z
HIRD UT pensst dew sooejtdey
LS61T ‘vasn ‘Suy ut porederg

9S6I-9b6! KY &
Sv6l-Of6l FE]
626l-Zic| i

- 937 -

u0430) PLTM UT saind00

of

ie. \S \ \

9S6T — LTI6T

WUOMTTIOd ANId JO Gvyauds

*

= fea | Sa

Pha
DECEMBER 27, 19

Pa

y,

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

ae

ios

cari es HAM

Se!

Os GG
}

a

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 7 December 27, 1957 Number 952

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

SCREW-WORM infesting several cows at Crowley, Acadia Parish, Louisiana. (p. 942).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957 - in Maryland. (p. 943).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 949).

J AR i ke 2c 2 2 2 2 2 a ke ie 2 2 2 I 2 2 2 2 a i ke ac

Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 20 unless otherwise
designated.

- 940 -

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 23

The occurrence of the winter solstice, on the 21st waS accompanied by a week of
abnormal warm weather throughout most of the country. Precipitation was most
significant generally from the Pacific Coast to the Western Slopes of the Divide
and from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic, while little or none fell in the
Southwestern Desert, the middle portion of the Plains from western Texas through
North Dakota, and in the Florida peninsula. Most outstanding this week were the
numerous and destructive tornadoes reported on Wednesday in southern Illinois and
nearby areas of adjacent states. From Wednesday afternoon until midnight, over
26 tornadoes were reported to have occurred. A preliminary survey made in Illinois
indicated 12 dead, hundreds injured, many homeless and damages estimated at near
four million dollars. One of two storm centers, developing in the Southern Great
Plains and moving northeastward over the Lakes into southeastern Canada, played a
part in setting off this severe storm activity and bringing generous rains to the
middle Mississippi and lower Ohio Valley and the Lakes Region. Training frontal
activity of the second storm center, which followed closely behind the first,
brought generous amounts to the Northeast also. Weekly total exceeded 4 inches in
locations in Missouri and Illinois, and 6 inches in Green County, New York. Low-
land flooding was reported in these areas and likewise in Pennsylvania and New
England.

Coastal storms moving in over the Northwest were responsible for most of the
precipitation which fell in western sections of the country and the heavy snow
which accumulated at high elevations in Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Reports
indicated that as much as 5 feet of snow fell at Stampede Pass in Washington
during the week, and at Paradise Ranger Station in the same state 105 inches was
measured on the ground near the weekend. Snow depths in Cascade are 60 to 70
inches at 4,000 feet and 100 inches at 8,000 feet. Warm temperatures and heavy
rains melted the snow cover at lower elevations and on Monday morning only the
extreme northern portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and New England
reported snow on the ground. Many daily record maximum temperatures were equalled
or exceeded in the Northeast near or over the weekend, and weekly departures
exceeded plus 12° throughout the northeast and in the Northern Plains states.
Departures of plus 18° or more were common to northeastern Montana, northern
North Dakota and northwestern Montana, while at Boston, Massachusetts, daily
temperatures were plus 25° and plus 24° on the 20th and 21st, respectively. Only
in southern Florida were weekly temperatures averaged below normal, and there only
by a few degrees. On several days, strong winds whipped dust into the air in a
number of the central and Southern Plains States. Thursday morning gusts of 70
m.p.h. were observed at Lubbock, Texas, and 81 m.p.h. at Otto, New Mexico, with
Texas reporting the worse "duster" of this year as a haze covered most of the
state. In Wyoming, the strong winds caused damage to fences, windmills, haystacks,
television antennae and to at least one airplane. (Summary supplied by U. S.
Weather Bureau).

- 941 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on
pastured alfalfa in El Dorado County. First record in County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - All stages averaged 75 per square
foot on bahia grass in pasture at Bee Ridge, Manatee County. (J. Denmark, Nov. 25).

FRUIT INSECTS

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - During November, 62,172 trees
were inspected on 1,709 properties with 37 trees on 13 properties found infested.
Surveys in Nuevo Laredo, Matamoros, Monterrey, El Cercado, San Nicolas de los
Garzas, Hualahuises, Hermosillo and at Tijuana were negative. Light infestations
were found at Hidalgo, Linares, Allende and Montemorelos. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Nov.
Rept.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - In Baja California the 49th and
o0th spray applications at Tijuana, the 35th at Tecate and the 4lst at Ensenada
were completed. During November 36,846 host trees were sprayed on 5,201 prop-
erties. Spraying is now suspended in Baja California. until middle of March, 1958,
or until such time before that date that trapping operations in the area indicate
presence of Mexican fruit fly. Trapping operations progressed in the Mexicali,

B. C. and San Luis, Sonora areas. A total of 1,098 traps were in operation on

429 properties with 3,633 trap inspections made with negative results. (PPC,

Mex. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

A TORTRICID (Amorbia essigana) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations on avocado in Los
Angeles County to degree where commercial damage is threatened to foliage and
fruit. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey in the Imperial
Valley showed beet Ieafhopper to average one and four-tenths per 100 sweeps in
beet fields compared with 3 per 100 sweeps in November. All females checked
were found with eggs fully developed. Populations on winter host plants on the
desert were comparable with those in beet fields. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BLACK TRUPINTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting
lower 12 feet of pine trees, killing approximately 10 percent of stand in Carteret
County on November 22. (Venters, Weisman).

A BARK BEETLE (Leperisinus californicus) - OREGON - Collected in Portland,
November 27. Det. W. J. Chamberlin. (Goeden).

AN ASIATIC RED SCALE (Aonidiella taxus) - FLORIDA - Found on podocarpus in nursery
at Gulfport, Pinellas County. (H. Denmark).

A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ilicis) - CALIFORNIA - Reported locally heavy on
pyracantha in Sacramento. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - Reinfestation of property found
at Molinera del Valle, located on Carretera San Luis, five kilometers from
Mexicali, B. C. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Nov. Rept.).

- 942 -

A DERMESTID (Perimegatoma vespulae) - CALIFORNIA - Light in warehouse near
Vernalis, San Joaquin County, the closest post office, but actually in Stanislaus
County. This represents first record in Stanislaus County but apparently the

third record in the State. (Cal. Coop. Rept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - LOUISIANA - Infesting several freshly dehorned
cows at Crowley, Acadia Parish. (Oliver).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

LOUISIANA - VEGETABLE WEEVIL larvae are numerous on a weed in some permanent

pasture areas of East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Agrotis Feltia Pseudaletia
ypsilon subterranea unipuncta
FEORIDA: Sictiba jas. ts Gul dual 2.) 2ne io —==nnn Gb bone ne
Gainesville 12/18 1 2
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 12/9-15 1 1

Oconee 12/14-20 4

- 943 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957
MARYLAND

Compiled by W. C. Harding, Jr.

Highlights: ALFALFA WEEVIL started earlier and injury to unsprayed alfalfa was
heavier than in 1956. CODLING MOTH injury to apples increased over 1956. The
dry weather during the summer was favorable for CORN EARWORM buildups and late
corn, late beans and soybeans suffered heavy damage. EUROPEAN CORN BORER damage
to corn, potatoes and wheat lightest since 1954 although heavy damage was done

to peppers. Fall population lowest in 3 years. GREEN PEACH APHID populations

on tobacco were from moderate to heavy. Over 3000 acres treated. On the Eastern
Shore MOSQUITOES were abundant during the latter part of the summer. PINE SAWFLIES
infested 210,000 acres of pine in eastern Maryland as shown by aerial surveys.
POTATO LEAFHOPPERS were above normal on alfalfa, beans, and potatoes. SPIDER
MITES during the season were heavy on ornamentals, soybeans and vegetables.
VEGETABLE WEEVIL increased its range on tobacco in beds and is now present in all
but one of the five tobacco growing counties. An unusual outbreak of VELVETBEAN
CATERPILLARS occurred on Soybeans in southern parts of State during September.

Cereal and Forage Insects: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) damage to unsprayed
first growth alfalfa was heavy. In 1957 the weevil started earlier than in 1956
reaching its peak in central counties from late April to early May. Second-
generation adults were noted during early May. Farmers in all counties sprayed
with good results. Economic damage was experienced in Allegany County for the
first year. No weevils were found in Garrett County. Outbreak numbers of ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) appeared in small grain fields in Queen Annes, Talbot,
Kent and Worcester Counties during May. Some barley field populations averaged
over 10 per linear foot of row. Some replanting of sweet corn was necessary in
Queen Annes County. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was abundant on soy-
beans in most sections during June. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) numbers
on alfalfa and clover during the spring were below normal. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO
(Sitona hispidula) adult populations taken in sweep-net sampling during the spring
were about normal. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was from light to moderate in
early corn and heavy in late corn. Soybeans suffered considerable pod damage late
in the season. Dry weather during the summer was apparently very favorable for
earworm buildups. Populations of the CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria)

on sweet and field corn were well above normal in all sections. Numerous cases
of bacterial wilt were reported from the Eastern Shore. CORN LEAF APHID
(Rhopalosiphum maidis) generally caused from light to moderate injury to the
tassels and top leaves of field and sweet corn in most sections. A few heavy
infestations were recorded. CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) caused
some light injury to young field corn in Kent and Talbot Counties during June.
CUTWORMS were generally below normal on corn, light to moderate damage was done
to corn plated after sod in Queen Annes County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta
nubilalis). Some early corn on the lower Eastern Shore and in Frederick and
Carroll Counties suffered from moderate to heavy damage with many fields being
from 40 to 90 percent infested. Mid-season and late corn was lightly infested
generally. Surveys for second brood eggs showed extremely low numbers due to

dry weather. The fall population survey showed the state average to be 60 borers
per 100 plants, the lowest since 1954. Damage to wheat was less than in 1956.
FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) appeared on corn in late July on the Eastern
Shore and by mid-August infestations were general in the central and southern
counties. One 40 acre field in Anne Arundel County showed 90 percent of the
plants infested. Heavier than usual. GRASSHOPPERS were from light to moderate
in clover and alfalfa in the central counties. A few heavy infestations noted in
Montgomery County. Melanoplus differentialis and Melanoplus femur-rubrum caused
light injury to field corn and soybeans in Southern counties during August.

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) infestations were general on soybeans on the
Eastern Shore and in southern areas during August. In some fields populations

- 944 -

averaged over 20 per sweep. Damage was primarily to the foliage. JAPANESE BEETLE
(Popillia japonica) was heavier than usual on corn and soybeans. Moderate to

heavy injury waS done to the silks of sweet corn in the Wye Mills area of Queen
Annes and Talbot counties. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) caused
from light to moderate injury to red and ladino clover in most sections. MEADOW
SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was somewhat below normal on alfalfa and
clover except from Washington County westward where it ranged from moderate to
heavy. Some alfalfa fields in Allegany County averaged 5 nymphs per stem. PEA
APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was slightly below normal on alfalfa, but heavy in
Allegany and Washington counties. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was first
collected on alfalfa at Easton on May 22. In general populations on alfalfa were
above normal, injury being noted in the central counties. SAP BEETLES in the ears
of sweet and field corn were about normal, declining Somewhat at the end of summer.
SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) killed 90 percent of the young sweet corn plants in a
40 acre field in Talbot County during June. Also reported from Montgomery County.
SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) caused light injury to field corn
in southern counties during June. SPIDER MITES were heavy on soybeans particularly
on the Eastern Shore during August. Many fields required treatment. TARNISHED
PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was common in alfalfa and clover fields in all sections
during the season. During June THRIPS caused streaking of corn in most sections,
although most corn outgrew the injury. They were also abundant on soybeans on the
Eastern Shore and some leaf drop resulted early in the season. Specimens collected
on soybeans in Caroline County were identified as Sericothrips variablis.
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) larvae were abundant and heavily
damaged 50 acres of soybeans in Prince Georges County during late September. Also
found on soybeans in St. Marys County. A WEBWORM (Tortrix pallorama) seriously
damaged an alfalfa field in Allegany County during May. Control needed. WIRE-
WORMS caused light injury to field corn in southeastern Wicomico County during
Juen. Very light elsewhere. A CATERPILLAR (Acrolophus popeanellus) damaged a

lawn and pasture in Somerset County during September.

Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) damage to apples varied from
Tight to heavy. The hot dry summer was favorable for development and in general
damage was heavier than in 1956. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) caused
light damage to apple foliage early in the season, otherwise, it waS kept under
control. Moderate damage in a Howard County orchard in May. PERIODICAL CICADA
(Magicicada septendecim) - An infestation of Brood XIV occurred in the southern
part of WaShington County adjacent to West Virginia. Serious damage was done in
three or four apple orchards. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana)
populations were above normal. In some apple orchards there appears to be re-—
sistance to the insecticide used for its control. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus telarius) was lighter on apple than in 1956. UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM
LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) damage during 1957 was less than in previous
years. Serious defoliation, however, occurred in two or three apple orchards
where it had not been previously reported. Growers following the recommended
Sprays obtained excellent control of the following peach pests: ORIENTAL PEACH
MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) , PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) , PEACH TREE
BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) , and CATFACING INSECTS. On Strawberries the STRAW-
BERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus Signatus) caused less concern than in 1956. MEADOW
SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus I[eucophthalmus) was generally light. In Allegany County a
STRAWBERRY ROOT OOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) killed long sections of row
in one field.

Truck Crop Insects: ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata)
during the SeaSon were somewhat below normal at Elkton and Beltsvi =

LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) on beans was about normal. CABBAGE APHID
(Brevicoryne braSSicae) waS heavier than usual on broccoli and cabbage, particularly
late in the seaSon in central Maryland. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was some-
what below normal on cole crops. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (LeptinotarSa decemlineata)
was slightly below normal on potato and tomato. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was
severe, doing considerable damage to the pods of late snap and lima beans in most
sections. The dry weather during the summer was apparently favorable for popu-
lation buildups. CUTWORMS were below normal, however, the BLACK CUTWORM

- 945 -

(Agrotis ypsilon) seriously damaged sweetpotatoes underground at Salisbury in
September. Over 200 bushels in one field were lost. EUROPEAN CORN BORER
(Pyrausta nubilalis) damage to peppers during late August was severe, particularly
in the Snow Hill area. Injury to potatoes was less than in 1956. FLEA BEETLES
(Epitrix cucumeris) on potatoes and (E. hirtipennis) on tomotes, were from
moderate to heavy particularly on young plants during most of the season. GARDEN
FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) was abundant on beans, potatoes and tomatoes in
Allegany County during July. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) moderately
damaged snap and lima beans in Baltimore and Caroline Counties. Light injury to
tomato foliage was noted at Snow Hill in August. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.)

were above normal on tomatoes. Heavy infestations were noted in Anne Arundel and
Queen Annes Counties. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was abundant on cabbage
throughout the summer in all sections. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis)
was somewhat heavier than normal, with most commercial snap and lima bean acreages
requiring treatment with insecticides. Populations of the PEA APHID (Macrosiphum
pisi) were slightly below normal. POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) was
generally light to moderate on potatoes and tomatoes. However, Severe injury was
done to the foliage of late tomatoes in the central sections: POTATO LEAFHOPPER
(Empoasca fabae) populations on potatoes and beans were considerably above normal,
more abundant then in 1956. Crops not treated suffered considerable injury.

A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza, propepusilla group) injured potato foliage

at Salisbury during June. SPIDER MITES were a Serious problem on beans, cur-
curbits and tomatoes, particularly on the Eastern Shore. Dry weather is believed
responsible for the increase. SQUASH BUGS (Anasa -tristis) were heavier than
usual on Cucurbits in most sections. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata)
nymbers were above normal on cucurbits and sprays were needed to control them.
TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was about normal in most sections, however,

there was some local heavy damage to tomatoes in Queen Annes and Anne Arundel
Counties. Infestations of the TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) were
reported from the Snow Hill area in July. VINEGAR GNATS were again abundant at
tomato canneries late in the season. The 1957 survey for the GOLDEN NEMATODE
(Heterodera rostochiensis) proved negative.

Tobacco Insects: CUTWORMS were below normal on tobacco in beds and in the field.
GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) larvae were more troublesome than usual, parti-
cularly in Calvert County. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) infestations began
in mid-July and were above normal ranging from moderate to heavy. It is estimated
that by the end of August over 3500 acres were treated (principally by aircraft)
for aphids and/or hornworms. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were not as serious as
in 1956 which was a record year. Generally populations of both broods were about
normal. TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) was the heaviest in years on
tobacco in all five tobacco growing counties. Controls needed. TOBACCO FLEA
BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was generally light on plants in the bed, however,
moderate to heavy numbers were present on plants in the field, particularly newly
set plants. VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) increased its
range during 1957 and is now present in all but one of the five tobacco growing
counties. Damage to plants in beds was spotty, although some heavy infestations
were noted in Calvert County.

Man and Animal Insects: AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermancentor variabilis) was pre-
velent in most sections throughout the summer. BLACK FLIES, particularly Simulium
jenningsi, were abundant in the greater metropolitan area of Washington and caused
considerable annoyance to man by Swarming about the head. BROWN DOG TICK
(Rhipicephalus sanguineus) infestations in homes were more numerous than in 1956.
Reports of BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) infestations in homes were
about normal. CATTLE LICE were more abundant than usual. COMMON CATTLE GRUB
(Hypoderma lineatum) was not the problem on cattle as in previous years.

CHIGGERS seemed to be about as abundant as in 1956. Above normal. DEER FLIES
were troublesome to man on the Eastern Shore during the summer. FLEAS troubled
cats, dogs, and humans in most sections. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) was a
serious problem on dairy cattle in central Maryland. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica)
waS a problem about homes and barn where Sanitation was lacking. MOSQUITOES,
particularly the salt-water mosquitoes Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus,

- 946 -

were generally light on the Eastern Shore during early mid-summer, however, they
became very abundant and annoying during the later part of the summer due to
rains and high tides. Several large permanent control projects were started in
the marsh areas of the Eastern Shore.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: APHIDS were normal on Norway maple,
rose, tulip poplar and oaks. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) did exten-
sive damage to evergreens and deciduous treeS and Shrubs in most Sections. FALL
CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) caused serious defoliation to over 1000 acres

of chestnut oaks and associated species on Sugarloaf Mountain in late April.
Little or no feeding observed on maple, yellow poplar, gum and dogwood. The
early emergence in June of JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) caused homeowners
considerable concern in the suburban areas of Washington and Baltimore. Damage
to roses and other ornamentals was about normal. LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus
dorsalis) did heavy damage to black locust foliage over the entire State being
particularly severe in central areas. PINE ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips sp.) seriously
infested groups of loblolly pine on the Eastern Shore and white pine in Garrett
County. PINE SAWFLIES - Aerial surveys by the Beltsville Forest Insect Laboratory
showed that Neodiprion pratti infested over 210,000 acres of pine in eastern area.
This represents a Spread of the 1956 infestation. Although no extensive area of
severe feeding was recorded, complete stripping and some tree mortality was noted
in spots. Neodiprion lecontei was reported abundant in western Maryland. SCALE
INSECTS were abundant and troublesome during the year. Among those causing.
concern were EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) on euonymus, OBSCURE SCALE
(Chrysomphalus obscurus) on oak, OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) on privet at
Baltimore, OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) on lilac, PINE NEEDLE SCALE
(Phenacaspis pinifoliae) on various pines, PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella
numiSmaticum) on Virginia pine and TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) on
tuliptree and magnolia. A SCALE (Fiorinia externa) was troublesome on hemlock

in the Towson area. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus)
was more abundant than usual which resulted in an increase in the incidence of
Dutch Elm Disease. SPIDER MITES were the heaviest on shrubs and shade trees in
recent years. Dry weather favored buildups. Other pests that did damage to trees
and ornamentals were ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) , ASIATIC OAK
WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) , BOXWOOD PSYLLA (Psylla buxi), EASTERN TENT
CATERPILLAR (MalacoSoma americanum) , ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) ,
HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) , LACE BUGS on azalea, oak, rhododendron and
sycamore, MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) on mimosa and honeylocust, THRIPS
and TREE BORERS. In lawns and pastures grubs of the JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia
japonica) , and NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) were destructive

in Suburban areas during August and September. A LEAF ROLLER (Nephopteryx
uvinella) damaged sweetgum at Lexington Park during July.

Stored-Product Insects: ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) was heavier
than usual in Stored corn and small grains in most Sections. LESSER MEALWORM
(Alphitobius diaperinus) infested the corn cob litter of poultry houses in Dor-
chester and Talbot Counties. Other pests of stored products reported were CADELLE
(Tenebroides mauritanicus) , in wheat, barley and rye, CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE
(Tribolium confuSum) in wheat, GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) in wheat and
barley, GRAIN MITES in feed mixtures, barley and wheat, INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia
interpunctella) in meal, RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) in barley and wheat, SAW-
TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensSiS) in Small grains and POTATO
TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) in stored potatoes.

Household Insects: CLOVER MITES (Bryobia praetiosa) were again abundant during
the spring, particularly in central areaS and caused annoyance by entering homes.
More than the usual number of cases of MILLIPEDES entering homes were reported.
Other pests that troubled homeowners were ANTS, BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris
trivittatus) , COCKROACHES, particularly the BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supel-
Tectilium), CENTIPEDES, CARPET BEETLES, GROUND BEETLES, OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylo-
trupes bajulus) , POWDER POST BEETLES, SILVERFISH (Lepisma saccharina) , TERMITES
and WASPS.

a

es

- 947 -

Miscellaeneous: BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) - Picking operations in a Strawberry
field in Wicomico County during late May were halted due to stings received by
pickers from caterpillars of this species. The caterpillars had migrated to the
strawberry field from nearby oaks.

Black Light Trap Notes: The predominating CUTWORM MOTH species caught during the
Season at Fairland and Salisbury were the BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) and the
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa). Adults of the POTATO LEAFHOPPER
(Empoasca fabae) first appeared in the trap at Fairland during the last week of
May. During August heavy numbers of HORNWORM MOTHS (Protoparce spp.) occurred at
Salisbury. During August and September moths of the DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia
Subgothica) appeared in large numbers in the trap at Fairland. Light numbers

of the VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) were taken at Salisbury
during late August and early September.

ss x s SS met 5 |
Te we,
Vw id
ieog) 4
= i rf rts 4 eh $4 eth
. of tn Werte
i 6 orth) WSoerTOD
7 % i i i om, lr aim
% mow 4 Za weet eel eee
‘ af <= : copie, O74. 4
j ‘ 44 <4) A a i iD aciet™ >. ee?
+, a 20 GRE Ted Wer ‘
* trie Roe. OA 2) ing ee
4
es ie
ad
Lae
vi) .
6
‘ 1° we
af 1 J
- P a »
rhe p A ee ie
S ' = @ ° e a7 ,
F Bs: 7 “Ti Te. we
- - Li S ea
4 o* ei2e0
sive o | j
LJ , 2 YT AN gobs ulate
. -« ' 12. _b0Ge yy ats 2 yy Cee
» r iC oft«~¢’ ) 2 -pere
bd >a oo Ste BG Teskews
a ei ; A SLO BAC Cee <=
Wri. Ce Ere reg Bare i@-faal Soi cae

ii vive Be 445.0); eT (view Se 7 ee
L ; - a:

~ ; _. %

- 949 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

CUCURBIT BEETLE* (Diabrotica speciosa Germ.)

Economic Importance: Adults of this chrysomelid feed on foliage, flowers and
fruits of many plants. The larvae are pests on roots, especially corn and
peanuts. It is the most harmful species of Diabrotica in Argentina and causes
much damage to watermelon, Squash and tomatoes in Brazil. Young squash plantings
and immature tomato fruits are severely damaged in the latter country. Pop-
ulations are so heavy in some years in Paraguay that vegetable crops are almost
completely destroyed. Severe injury also occurs on flowers of various ornamentals
such as dahlias and chrysanthemums. D. speciosa has been intercepted at United
States port of entry on several occasions.

Damage to Corn Damage to Melon
Seedling Leaves and Flowers

Distribution: Reported from Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Columbia,
Bolovia, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru and Venezuela.

General Distribution of Cucurbit Beetle

* Also called chrysanthemum beetle and San Antonio beetle

(Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). No. 36 of Series

=~ 95002

Hosts: General feeder. More important hosts include cucurbits, corn, sorghum,
beets, crucifers, peas, beans, cotton, potato, tomato, apple, peach, citrus.

Life History and Habits: The insect overwinters as an adult, emerging on warm
Spring dayS. OvipoSition begins soon after emergence. Eggs hatch in about 10
days. The larvae bore into and feed on roots. Pupation occurs in the soil. The
adults feed on leaves, flowers, and fruits of many plants, especially composites.
Number of generations a year varies, but in the Buenos Aires area, observations
indicate there are about three.

Description: Adults oval, 5-7 mm. long, Similar to D. balteata. Dorsum generally
bright grass-green with 6 large yellow-green or ochreous Spots on the elytra with
humeral areas reddish-brown. Head reddish-brown, eyes black. Ventral surface
yellow-green. Tibia and tarsi dark colored, remainder of legs yellow or brownish.
Egg clear yellow. Larvae 1.5 mm. on hatching, whitish with dirty yellow head.
Fully grown larvae measure 10-15 mm.

Adult of D. speciosa Anal Plate of Larva

Figures (except map) from Christensen, Jr. R. 1943. Rev. Facul. de Agron.
y Vet. (Buenos Aires) 10(3): 464-516.

eta? ioe
acemnen,

awuaRy’3

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-

curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

VOLUME 7

Aphids - abundance of eggs in
northeastern Maine 379, 897
Beet leafhopper - in southern Idaho
and eastern Oregon 58; in Utah,
western Colorado, southern
Nevada and central Arizona 172,
342; survey in south central
Washington and northeastern
Oregon 323; population in
Nevada, Utah and western
Colorado 915

Boll weevil - hibernation counts -
Arkansas and Georgia 32;
Tennessee 56; Mississippi 888;
Survival counts, Georgia 257;
Survival survey, spring 1957
272; survival, Tennessee 362

Corn earworm - damage in Illinois
and Wisconsin, 1956 231;
Indiana survey technique 258

Cotton fleahopper hibernation and
Survival in Texas 271

Curly top in southern Great Plains,
1956 59

European corn borer - abundance in
fall 1956 68, 69; estimated
grain corn damage 1956 300;
status in 1956 61

Forest insect conditions 1956 -
U. S. 277; Maine 144; Delaware

325
Forest pest detection in Michigan,
1956 330

Forest plantation insect survey,
West Virginia, spring 1957 605
Fruit insect conditions, 1957 -
New York-New England States 878
Grasshoppers - adult survey, fall
1957 opposite 926; cooperative
rangeland control 807;
distribution maps 50, 51, 52,
Til, 725 5 Eh), MO, alo); alee).
130, 150, 188, 208, 225, 226,
247, 248, 263, 264, 315, 316,
368, 388, 409, 432, 455, 456,
479, 480; outlook for 1957
opposite 28; survey methods 543
Gypsy moth - eradication program
582; in Michigan 155; northeast
spray program 236

I957

SPECIAL REPORTS

Important pests for 1956 410 - 412
Imported fire ant - short summary
245; acres infested by states
783; field separation of fire
_ants 901

Insects not known to occur in U. S.-
27, 43, 88, 108, 128, 149, 187,
227, 262, 313, 348, 385, 431,
477, 523, 563, 611, 655, 697,
733, 751, 767, 785, 799, 819,
831, 843, 855, 869, 883, 891,
903, 917, 925, 935, 949

Inspections and interceptions -
increase from foreign countries
175

Khapra beetle - California inspection
922; eradication report 137;
progress report 77; surveys 77,
137, 404, 498, 715, 853

Maps, general - Boll weevil -
Square infestation counts 557,
580; spread in U. S. 910;

Brown wheat mite distribution
193; Chinch bug infestation in
fall, 1956 134; Citrus black-
fly control 708; Elm leaf
beetle distribution 332;
European corn borer distribution
70; European pine shoot moth
distribution 49; Hessian fly
distribution in U. S. 117;
Imported fire ant -
distribution 245, 451; status
902; Jack-pine budworm in lake
States 762; Japanese beetle -
regulation areas, 1956 359;
spread in U. S. 875; Jeffrey
pine beetle distribution 864;
Leaf roller - distribution

of 5 species in U. S. 779;
Mexican bean beetle spread in
U. S. 850; Mountain pine beetle
distribution 691; Periodical
cicada (Brood XIV) 340; Red
pine scale 814; Spittlebug
adult survey, Illinois 792;
Spotted alfalfa aphid - spread
87, 113; in Iowa 6; Sweetpotato
weevil control 759; Wheat stem
sawfly, 1956 96; White-fringed
beetle control 739

Meadow spittlebug - survey in Ohio
836 ;

Mediterranean fruit fly - Florida
135, 709; southern region
survey 397; status of eradica-—
tion and regulation 306;

Moths, family designations 765

INDEX

Pink bollworm - Fed.-State program
155; situation, Dec. 1956 76;
spread 937; status, Jan. 1957
648; survey report 897

Potato leafhopper - migration and
its causes 139; first reported
appearance by states, 1956 192

Potato psyllid survey 234, 379,
422, 465, 511, 554

Screw-worm in some southeastern
states 174

Soil bank program - effect on insect
problems 801; approximate
acreage (map) 804

Soybean cyst nematode - Survey in
Arkansas 194; Kentucky 438;
Mississippi 573; Tennessee and
Missouri 395

Spotted alfalfa aphid - status, 1956
85; situation, July 1957 618

State clearing offices for economic
insect survey reports 45

Stored-grain insect situation -
Maryland 95; Oklahoma 77, 197;
Oregon 137

Summary of insect conditions, 1956-
Alaska 145; Arkansas 141;
California 217; Colorado 40;
Connecticut 216; Georgia 158;
Idaho 118; Illinois 201;
Indiana 79; Iowa 164; Iran 452;
Iraq 408; Kansas 145;

Lebanon 588; Libya 260;
Louisiana 6; Maine 312;
Michigan 166; Minnesota 19;
Missouri. 101; Nebraska 97;
Nevada 23; New Jersey 34;
New Mexico 9; New York 198;
North Carolina 182; Ohio 204;
Oklahoma 80; Oregon 177;
Pennsylvania 177; South
Dakota 36; Virginia 104;
Washington 123; West Virginia
161

Summary of insect conditions, 1957 -
Canada 933; Delaware 911;
Maryland 943; Utah 865

Sweetpotato weevil situation,
southeast, Dec. 1956 76

Trogoderma nomenclature changes

Ailanthus webworm (Atteva aurea)
163

Alaska spruce beetle (Dendroctonus
borealis) 283

Alfalfa caterpillar (Colias
philodice eurytheme) 20, 23, 38,

o3, 119, 178, 218, 260,

353, 373) 419, 438, 463, 488, 506,
531, 550, 572, 597, 619, 639, 663,

683, 704, 724, 757, 774, 809, 865,

890, 907
Alfalfa looper (Autographa
californica) 5 513, 576,
Alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris
lineolatus) 38, 79, 97, 201, 241,

373, 418, 463, 487, 507, 530, 551,
572, 597, 620, 662, 706, 740, 817,

860

Alfalfa snout beetle (Brachyrhinus
ligustici) 198

Alfalfa webworm (Loxostege
commixtalis) 10, 24, 40, 81, 97,
419, 675, 683, 705, 724

Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) 23,
31, 34, 38, 40, 75, 93, 98, 104,

Tae DIALS pial ol als Malcir is ale hse ale hs
192, 198, 204, 211, 218, 232, 251,
267, 275, 303, 311, 321, 328, 337,
356, 374, 393, 405, 406, 408, 419,
438, 448, 452, 462, 486, 498, 530,
550, 571, 586, 588, 595, 639, 662,
675, 683, 724, 740, 774, 823, 860,

865, 873, 911, 943

Alkali bees 126, 585, 608, 715

Allegheny mound ant (Formica
exsectoides) 748

Almond nut borer (Eurytoma
amygdali) 453

American cockroach (Periplaneta
americana) 164, 186,

American dog tick (Dermacentor.
variabilis) 100, 163, 244, 345,
365, 383, 427, 446, 498, 561,
584, 915, 945

American grasshopper (Schistocerca
americana) 574 ae ee ae

Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga 2
cerealella) 9, 95, 103, 106, 143,
, 946

Ants 80, 105, 182, 217, 485, 605,
764, 797, 853, 946
Aphids 12, 15, 35, 42, 75, 80, 103,

106, 114, 125, 135, 137, 143, 145,
154, 156, 161, 177, 179, 183, 184,
200, 204, 213, 216, 217, 218, 220,
221, 231, 233, 235, 239, 243, 251,
253, 254, 255, 260, 269, 270, 271,
275, 305, 307, 308, 312, 319, 322,
324, 325, 326, 336, 339, 341, 343,
344, 357, 360, 362, 363, 376, 378,
381, 396, 401, 404, 405, 421, 424,
425, 439, 443, 444, 447, 448, 452,
453, 463, 466, 469, 470, 473, 493,
495, 497, 508, 516, 518, 532, 535,
537, 538, 542, 553, 558, 559, 569,
573, 577, 581, 583, 585, 588, 589,
598, 601, 602, 604, 606, 621, 622,
626, 627, 632, 638, 643, 646, 652,
664, 666, 669, 672, 684, 686, 690,
707, W126 714, 720, 130, 74390) 747

COMMON NAMES

780, 781, 794, 815, 817, 836,
840, 861, 866, 895, 929, 933,
934, 946

Apple and thorn skeletonizer
(Anthophila pariana) 684, 797

Apple curculio (Tachypterellus
quadrigibbus) 20, I47

Apple flea weevil (Rhynchaenus
pallicornis) 396,

Apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum
fitchii) 145, 194, 203, 267, 299,

2, 829, 912, 921

Apple leaf skeletonizer (Psorosina
hammondi) 684, 797 a ery

Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella)
20, 35, 162, 200, 204, 216, 240,
242, 312, 508, 532, 542, 553,
574, 608, 621, 632, 641, 664,
684, 707, 725, 742, 757, 793,
810, 824, 912

Apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris)
378, 641

Apple rust mite (Vasates
schlechtendali

Apple sucker (Psylla mali) 925

Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis
auxiliaris) 36, 40, 41, 75, 80,
Binmouseuca., 133, 146, aly Al 191,
211, 231, 319, 338, 353, 756,
865, 933

Armyworms 6, 195 795197, 198, 102)
PSS 4, 46), S35 eit, ss) 1987,
199, 203, 211, 221, 231, 241, 252,
257, 268, 302, 310, 320, 328, 336,
352; 367, 371, 392, 416, 438, 448,
460, 475, 483, 484, 504, 528, 535,
542, 548, 569, 577, 586, 594, 615,
638, 652, 661, 704, 756, 911, 912,
929, 933, 943

Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia
carduidactyla) 222

Ash-gray blister beetle (Epicauta
fabricii) 487 5, Re

Asiatic garden beetle (Autoserica
castanea) 182, 183, 417, 535,
560, 583, 608, 629, 946

Asiatic oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus
castaneus) 163, 344, 559, 6295,
781, 914, 946

Asparagus beetle (Crioceris
asparagi) 34, 121, 125, 126, 173,
216, 343, 360, 378, 398, 422,
443, 467, 556, 576, 644, 868,
913), 944

Asparagus miner (Melanagromyza
simplex) 492, 556, 576, 601, 838,
861, 913

Asiatic rice borer (Chilo
suppressalis) 855

Australian cocKroach (Periplaneta
australasiae) 829

Avocado red mite (Oligonychus
yothersi:)i S90)" a9 e155) s,

Azalea bark scale (Eriococcus
azaleae) 274, 382, 448, 898

Azalea Lace bug (Stephanitis
pyrioides) 163 a5 . ums 0

Azalea leaf miner (Gracilaria
azaleella) 629, 78I, 914

Azalea whitefly (Aleyrodes
azalese) 404) =a

Bagworm (Thyridopteryx
ephemeraeformis) 79, 84, 99, 1
143, 147, 160;, 163, 177 203,
364, 440, 469, 497, 517, 539,
558, 582, 604, 628, 649, 672,
692, 914, 946

Balsam-fir sawfly (Neodiprion
abietis) 122, 403

Balsam gall midge (Itonida
balsamicola) 243, 827

Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus
abietinus) 427

Balsam woolly aphid (Chermes
piceae) 144, 288, 308, 690

Baluchistan melon fly (Myiopardal
pardalina) 108, 452,

Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotic
balteata) 596, 704,

Bark beetles 104, 143, 179, 213,
240, 260, 671

Barnacle scale (Ceroplastes
cirripediformis) 642

Bean aphi phis fabae) 126, 260
428, 452, 470, SIS; 555, Ssap
589, 622, 645, 710, 913

Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma
trifurcata)7, 79, 99, 141, 184,
203, 270, 311, 323, 342) anon
378, 398, 417, 423, 463, 466,
487, 512, 552, 555, 595, 619,
640, 683, 704, 725, 913, 943,
944

Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus)
535, 825, 931

Bean weevil (Acanthoscelides
obtectus)

Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) 4, 186
589, 673

Beech scale (Cryptococcus fagi)
144

Bee mite (Acarapis woodi) 733

Bees 217, 405, 6307. ~—™O

Beet armyworm (Laphygma exigua)
6, 115, 141, 142,922 ipe2e0mea
363, 371, 401, 405, 417, 426,
445, 452, 453, 469, 491, 494,
505, 569, 663, 683, 684, 724,
757, 774

Beet bug (Piesma quadratum) 891

Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenel
3, 16, 25, 41 (50 geSsyuooE
136, 154, 172, 195, 217, 221,
237, 270; 307, 3115 323% 342)
360, 398, 405, 424. 442) 466,
499, 511, 556, 577, 600, 622)
644, 668, 760; 778, 795, 867,
907, 931, 941

Beet sawfly (Athalia colibri) 563

Beet webworm (Loxostege
sticticalis) 40, 41, 42, 99,

lis, 121,124, 492, 508, 511,
576, 600, 644, 666, 688, 839,
933

Beet weevil (Cleonus punctiventris)
149

Big-eyed bugs 123, 473,
630, 651, 673, 715

Billbugs (Calendra spp.) 12, 20, 37,
153, lee Pee“ OL, BEG, EELS
461, 485, 652, 722, 738

Birch leaf miner (Fenusa pusilla)
144, 365, 382, 428, 447, 471

Birch sawfly (Arge pectoralis)
22, 606

Biting midges 25, 540, 868

Black army cutworm (Actebia fennica)
312

Black blister beetle (Epicauta
pennsylvanica) 20, 774

Black carpenter ant (Camponotus
herculeanus pennsylvanicus)
238, 514, 853

Black carpet beetle (Attagenus
piceus) 80, 83, 181, 186, 853,
en

514, 608,

Black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi)
12%, 172, U2), CUB He On
509

Black cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis
fausta) 489

Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera
aurantii) 815

Black cutworm = ypsilon)
Chane OP RLO2Peml 2 2Pe 5 5)mm9 9).
202, 260, 424) 429, 589, 638,
740, 944

Black flies 22, 327, 401,
630, 828, 862, 868, 945

Black grain stem sawfly (Cephus
tabidus) 183

Black-headed budworm (Acleris variana)
121, 144, 287, 365, 671, 765

Black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota
naevana) 125, 180, 358, 397,

599, 665, 684

Black-legged tick (Ixodes ricinus
scapularis) 862

Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus
ponderosae) 42, 281, 495

Black=-margined aphid (Monellia
costalis) 441, 811

Black pecan aphid (Melanocallis
caryaefoliae) 159, F

Black pine leaf scale (Aspidiotus
californicus) 294

Black scale (Saissetia oleae) 94,
219, 220, 260, 743, 815

Black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus
terebrans) 104, 143, 160, 196,
275,205, 308, 382, 495, 728,
780, 826, 862, 908, 941

Black vine weevil (Brachyrhinus
sulcatus) 535

Black widow spider (Latrodectus
mactans) 42, 122, 148, 163, 365,
99L, 915, 945

Blister beetles 6, 10, 81, 82, 119,
242, 260, 443, 507, 531, 552,
555, 572, 595, 619, 623, 639,
652, 663, 666, 675, 683, 687,
704, 714, 740, 744, 848

Blueberry bud mite (Aceria
vaccinii) 183, 849

Blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis
pomonella) 35, 216, 312

Bluegrass billbug (Calendra
parvula) 122, 661

Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

4, 6, 8, 25, 32, 56, 81, 83, 94,
101, 104, 137, 141, 142, 143, 144
158, 160, 182, 185, 222, 308,
325, 343, 362, 381, 400, 425,
444, 468, 494, 515, 537, 542,
557, 580, 585, 603, 625, 645,
652, 668, 688, 711, 727, 745,
813, 826

Bollworm (Heliothis zea) 6, 8, ll,
7s), il, TET, AOI ULE, 141, 142,
143, 160, 185, 214, 222, 254,
271, 308, 328

519, 607,

Bollworms (Heliothis spp. et al.)
343, 362, 381, 400, 425, 445,
468, 494, 516, 537, 557,

581, 585, 603, 625, 646, 652,
669, 689, 696, 711, 727, 745,
760, 780, 813

Booklouse (Liposcelis divinatorius)
83

Boxelder aphid (Periphyllus
negundinis) 382,

Boxelder bug (Leptocoris trivittatus)
80, 95, 105, 122, 157, 164, 165,
238, 275, 309, 328, 367, 473,
764, 817, 829, 853, 868, 889,
915, 946

Boxelder psyllid (Psylla negundinis)
868

Boxelder twig borer (Proteoteras
willingana) 294

Boxwood leaf miner (Monarthropalpus
buxi) 107, 163, 1

Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi) 946

Bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius)
39, 80

Bronzed cutworm (Nephelodes
emmedonia) 103

Brown-banded roach (Supella
supellectilium) 4, 17, 33, 39,

42, 78, 95, 118, 122, 181, 186,
730, 828, 352, 888, 946

Brown cotton leafworm (Acontia dacia)
444, 538, 626

Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus
sanguineus) 9, 17, 57, 84, 694,
748, 763, 876, 945

Brown-headed ash sawfly (Tomostethus
multicinctus) 344, 428, 447

Brown stink bug (Euschistus servus)
158, 159, 160, 422, 425, 444, 468

Brown-tail moth (Nygmia phaeorrhoea)
196, 650

Brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens)
10, 15, 40, Gl, way Gi, WI, Oe,
118, 133, 146, 191, 193, 211,
218, 231, 267, 302, 311, 320, 335,
351, 372, 505, 569, 773, 866, 895

Buck moth (Hemileuca maia) 473, 947

Buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata) 897

Bud moths 358, 364

Budworms 182, 628

Buffalo fly (Siphona exigua) 917

Buffalo treehopper (Stictocephala
bubalus) 552

Bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus echinopus)
853

Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis)
1G, 1S, CEB, (OO, Bay 20e, vaR

838, 896, 930

C

Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne
brassicae) 41, 93, 106, 121, 135,
159), 173, 195, 199, 212, 221, 233,
242, 254, 257, 260, 312, 452, 454,
600, 624, 687, Gili, 731, 849) 913,
944

Cabbage curculio (Ceutorhynchus
rapae) 398, 442, 534

Cabbage loopers 3, 8, 11, 32, 34, 41,
82, 83, 93, 115, 142, 154, 159,
160, 162, 184, 185, 195, 199, 216,
2215 233), 242), 25%), 268), 303), 32);
324, 338, 342, 379, 393, 400, 401,
423, 424, 443, 445, 466, 467, 469,
494, 516, 537, 580, 604, 626, 632,
647, 652, 663, 667, 670, 687, 696,
712, 724, 728, 731, 746, 780, 794,
809, 811, 813, 826, 839, 874, 912,
944

Cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae)
Cale el Zals 7 apaeite 5 5
199, 312, 360, 423, 429, 442,
466, 492, 512, 576, 600

Cabbage seedpod weevil
(Ceutorhynchus assimilis) 122,
221, 341, 367

Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis)
114

Cabbageworms 106, 135, 466, 492,
511, 534, 556, 578, 600, 624,
632, 643, 687, 710, 726, 744,
760, 777, 849

Cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus)
17, 39, 77, 83, 95, 106, 473,
796, 946

California pear-slug (Pristiphora
californica) 420

California prionus (Prionus
californicus) 866 —

California red scale (Aonidiella
aurantii) 217, 220, 510, 588,
794, 811

Camel crickets 731

Cankerworms 39, 200, 447, 495

Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.)
122, 181, 384, 651

Carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica)
473, 542

Carpenter worm (Prionoxystus
robiniae) 447, 583

Carpet beetles 39, 80, 166, 186,
217, 244, 275, 428, 764, 946

Carrot beetle (Ligyrus gibbosus)
AZO N14 859 oT aaah a

Carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) 213,
688

Carrot weevil (Listronotus
oregonensis)

Casemaking clothes’ moth (Tinea
pellionella) 122

Catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia cateipas)
559, 585, 628, 671, 692, 729,
815, 828, 914

Catfacing insects 159, 205, 322,
339, 357, 377, 397, 420, 440,
490, 665, 707, 866, 944

Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
160, 16 ,

Cattle biting louse (Bovalcoila
bovis) 163

Cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.)
A, PS, Sepsis, i, Su, OA,
105, 115, 122, 147, 156, 163, 174,
197, 201, 236, 238, 254, 309, 345,
383, 426, 852, 876, 899, 908

Cattle lice 4, 16, 25, 39, 57, 94,
100,.105, 122, 145, 174, 216,
254, 274, 309, 311, 327, 402,
868, 876, 898, 931, 945

Cattle tail louse (Haematopinus
quadripertusus)

Cave crickets

Chaff scale (Parlatoria pergandii)
260

Chain-spotted geometer (Cingilia
catenaria) 650

Cheese skipper (Piophila casei)
404

Cherry fruit flies (Rhagoletis spp.)
118, 120, 125, 205, 465, 573

Cherry fruitworm (Grapholitha
packardi) 533, BEG”

Chicken body louse (Menacanthus
stramineus) 163

Chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

163, 630
Chiggers 22, 163, 237, 472, 540,
730

Chinch bugs 15, 79, 81, 98, 101,
102, 103, 113, 134, 141, 144,
146, 158, 165, 182, 202, 203,
241, 269, 299, 319, 335, 415,
436, 461, 485, 504, 528, 548,
569, 570, 594, 617, 635, 660,
680, 721, 755, 764, 773, 789,
808, 873, 907, 921, 929

Cicadas 585, 642
Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma
serricorne) 78,
Citricola Scale (Coccus
pseudomagnoliarum) 220

Citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus
wog lumi %5;7 1355) 21S)

233, 322, 397, 453, 490, 599,
684, 709, 776, 825, 896, 941

Citrus bud mite (Aceria sheldoni)
220, 588

Citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus
lewisi) 794

Citrus mealybug (Pseudococcus
citri) 160, 2

Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri)
B55; Ll; ISS ely emesos
253, 270, 341, 465, 510); 57:5,
642, 743, 777, 794, 811, 890,
921

Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) 8, 114, ; 5
341, 453; 465, 510) 1575, 588,
642, 743, 777, 811, 921

Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri)
195, /253') Sotado.v1o.,

Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri)
55

Clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula
pellucida) 24, 865

Clothes moths 39, 80, 164, 217

Clover aphid (Anuraphis bakeri)
103; L19), W26,.461,) Sol, 501,
596, 662, 682, 705, 724, 740

Clover cutworm (Scotogramma
trifolii) 11

Clover hayworm (Hypsopygia
costalis) 269

Clover head caterpillar (Grapholitha
interstinctana) 336, 395

Clover leafhopper (Aceratagallia
sanguinolenta)161, I7I, 354,

,
Clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata)
79, 103, 104, 119, 141, 5

153, 165, 172, 183, 194, 201,
211, 232, 241, 267, 303, 311,
321, 328, 338, 356, 375, 419,
463, 487, 823, 848, 860, 943

Clover mites 3, 10, 22, 24, 25,
33, 42, 80, 100, 105, 120, 121,
122, 124, 138, 145, 165, 175,
186, 214, 217, 232, 238, 253,
256, 270, 275, 305, 309, 311,
339, 354, 357, 372, 377, 384,
405, 439, 453, 490, 731, 816,
829, 868, 932, 946

Clover root borer (Hylastinus
obscurus) 104, I98, 204, 339,
356, 375, 640, 724, 765

Clover root curculio (Sitona
hispidula) 103, 104, II9, 124,
232, 238, 252, 355, 405, 438,
448, 531, 552, 595, 640, 724,
757, 860, 873, 911, 943

Clover seed chalcid se its Tet
gibbus) 15, 40, 9
178, 597, 619, 663, 724, 740,
837, 866

Clover seed weevil (Miccotrogus
picirostris) 161, 498, 530,

Cluster fly (Pollenia rudis) 5,
Ui OD, elo pimeaae

Cockroaches 80, 105, 630, 816,
868, 946

Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella)
10, 24, 35, 42, 82, 120, 124,
147, 162, 166, 179, 200, 204,
216, 219, 233, 242, 260, 312,
339, 357, 376, 395, 408, 419,
439, 453, 464, 475, 489, 499,
508, 532, 552, 574, 588, 598,
621, 632, 641, 663, 685, 707,
725, 793, 810, 866, 912, 944

Collembola 345, 442

Pare

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa
decemlineata) 21, 35, ;
Lis, 120, 225, 150; 162, 173,
178, 180, 184, 233, 242, 270,
307, 311, 342, 360, 378, 398,
422, 429, 442, 465, 491, 499,
510, 521; 534, 542) (55435 577;
585, 623, 643, 666, 687, 710,
867, 913, 934, 944

Columbian timber beetle (Corthylus
columbianus) 163, 826

Common cattle grub eye ora,
lineatum) 57, 83, 203, 274
327, 4995, 607, 868, 945

Common malaria mosquito (Anopheles
quadrimaculatus) 186

Confused flour beetle (Tribolium
confusum) 83, 106, 763, 946

Cooley spruce gall aphid (Chermes
cooleyi) 122, 126

Corn blotch leaf miner (Agromyza
Parvicornis) 485

Corn earworm 7, 10, 11, 24, 40, 42,
79, 81, 82, 98, 102, 104, 118,
124, 141, 142, 146, 158, 161,
162, 182, 183, 184, 199, 202,
204, 216, 217, 218, 231, 241,
256, 259), 312, 335, 391, 415,
421, 436, 448, 459, 464, 484,
503, 521, 528, 548, 568, 594,
608, 616, 632, 636, 652, 660,
680, 703, 721, 731, 737, 745,
755, 764, 771, 790, 795, 808,
812, 817, 823, 825, 829, 835,
838, 847, 849, 866, 867, 874,
890, 911, 943, 944

Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema
pulicaria) 34, 81, 102, 199,
202, 352, 406, 436 , 461, 504,
549, 617, 680, 702, 911, 943

Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum
maidis) 10, 34, 5 ; 1
41, 42, 81, 98, 102, 133, 147,
161, 171, 191, 199, 211, 299,
351, 393, 405, 503, 529, 548,
569, 595, 617, 637, 652, 660,
6805 7035-122, 100, 64 onto
790, 808, 829, 835, 847, 866,
867, 912, 921, 929, 943

Corn root aphid (Anuraphis maidi-
radicis) 104, 461, 485, 943

Corn root webworm (Crambus caligi-
nosellus) 20, 104, 415

Corn rootworms 37, 569, 637, 703,
791 a

Corn sap beetles 104, 161, 183,
199; 569), 595, 617, 6325 637 ;
661, 702, 790

Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) 11,
83, 102, 142, 160, 223, 426,
449, 453, 537, 646, 647, 746,
813, 839, 861

Cotton fleahopper (Psallus seriatus)
11, 83, 142, 27

Cotton jassid (Empoasca lybica) 869

Cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix
srr eae 7. 223, (5

8, 746, 761, 780,

813, 839, 890

Cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea)
11, 83, 102, 142, 44
585, 603, 626, 647, 669, 690,
696, 746, 760, 780, 795, 813,

826, 839
Cotton plant bug (Horcias nobilellus)
831

Cotton square borer (Strymon
melinus) 670, 745

Cottonwood borer (Plectrodera
SCaLator)) G50 nam n oman

Cottony-cushion scale (Icerya
purchasi) 75, 94, 172, I82,
BIZ, 217, 220, 260, 270, 378,
517, 556, 588

Cottony-maple scale (Pulvinaria
innumerabilis) 121, 470, 499,
BI7, 556, 583, 606, 672, 692,
714

Cowpea aphid (Aphis medicaginis)
113, 171, 192, 3214 aoe
445

Cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus
aeneus) 182, 183, 184, 360,
380, 534, 555, 576, 838

Crab louse (Phthirus pubis) 828

Cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis
vaccinii) 242, 599, 665

Cranberry girdler (Crambus topiarius’
773

Crickets 20, 24, 336, 549, 673, 716,
809

Cucumber beetles 311, 423, 466,
492, 512, 534, 578, 600, 643,
731, 795, 838, 861

Cucurbit beetle (Diabrotica
speciosa) 947

Currant aphid (Capitophorus ribis)

361
Currant borer (Ramosia tipuliformis
533

Currant fruit fly (Epochra
canadensis) 180, 323, 866
Cutworms 3, 15, 20, 98, 102, 141,
145, 154, 160, 178, 180, 184,
195, 196, 201, 202, 214, 221,
251, 254, 268, 271, 299, 322)
325, 338,* 353, 362, 367, 371;
381, 393, 399, 401, 406, 415,
420, 424, 425, 438, 441, 448,
459, 467, 484, 495, 505, 513,
528, 538, 549, 568, 594, 760,
772, 790, 809, 866, 868, 887,
933, 943, 944, 945, 947, *339

Cyclamen mite (Gteneo tana anemia
pallidus) 1
220, 467, 499, 688, 812°

Damsel bugs (Nabis spp.) 40, 203,
345, 367, 383, 429, 694, 715,
764

Darkling beetles 115, 136, 271,
363, 379, 401

Dark mealworm (Tenebrio obscurus)

106, 519
Date mite (Oligonychus pratensis)
10, 178, 835

Deer flies 105, 164, 177, 200,
868, 914, 945

Deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis)
862

Dermestids 863, 932

Desert corn flea beetle
(Chaetocnema ectypa) 417

Desert locust (Schistocerca
gregaria) 260, 408, 452, 935

Desert spider mite (Tetranychus
desertorum) 10 ..| |

Devastating grasshopper (Melanopl
devastator) 859

Diamondback moth (Plutella
maculipennis) 41, 56, 242,

,

Dictyopsermum scale (Chrysomphalus
dictyospermum) 16,

Differential grasshopper (Me lanoplus
differentialis) 895

Dingy cutworm (Feltia subgothica)
102, 103, 947... ae

Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
160, 163

Dog sucking louse (Linognathus
setosus) 163

Dogwood twig borer (Oberea
tripunctata) 55, 163, 862, 898

Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus
pseudotsugae) 180, 279, 325,
Ze) a ea

Douglas-fir tussock moth (Hemero-
campa pseudotsugata)121, 255,
290, 6 ,

Dried-fruit beetle (Carpophilus
hemipterus) 261

Drug-store beetle (Stegobium
paniceum) 862

Durra Stalk borer (Sesamia
eretica) 128, 260, 452

Dusky Sap beetle (Carpophilus
lugubris) 549, 680, 746, 756,

911

’ ,

E

Ear tick (Otobius megnini) 32, 84,
446, 498, 868, 876, 898

Earwigs 608, 731, 797

Eastern larch beetle (Dendroctonus
simplex) 145

Eastern lubber grasshopper
(Romalea microptera) 518

Eastern spruce gall aphid (Chermes
abietis) 851 Sica a

Eastern Subterranean termite
(Reticulitermes flavipes) 36,
80, 95, 164, 186, 328, 783,
816, 877

Eastern tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma americanum) 35,
105, 114, 138, 155, 160, 163,
196, 235, 305, 323, 326, 340,
344, 364, 383, 403, 428, 440,
913, 946

Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera
brunneipennis) 153, 172, 194,
po Smeets: ci

Eight-spotted forester (Alypia
octomaculata) 397, 421, 559

Elm borer (Saperda tridentata)
00, TOs (cians aii

Elm calligrapha (Calligrapha
scalaris) 84, 5

Elm casebearer (Coleophora
limosipennella) 518, 781

Elm cockscomb gall (Colopha
ulmicola) 497

Elm leaf aphid (Myzocallis
ulmifolii) 84, 517, 763, 914

Elm Teaf beetle (Galerucella
xanthomelaena)25, 35, 80, 105,

; ; , FOO, BONS Pi/)

332, 428, 447, 453, 471, 518,
539, 559, 582, 585, 606, 628,
650, 672, 692, 713, 729, 731,
748, 796, 914, 946

Elm leaf miner (Fenusa ulmi) 471,
517

Elm sawfly (Cimbex americana) 39,
198, QE) =a a

Elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius)
293, 671

Elongate flea beetle (Systena
elongata) 184

Engelmann spruce beetle
(Dendroctonus engelmanni) 279

Engelmann Spruce weevil (Pissodes
engelmanni) 746

English grain aphid (Macrosiphum
granarium) 20, 24, 40, 118,

; , 241, 267, 299, 319,

335, 351, 372, 406, 415, 429,
435, 461, 485, 505, 521, 529,
549, 595, 617, 704, 829, 847,
866, 873, 921

Engraver beetles (Ips spp.) 4, 77,
84, 94, 104, 115; 196, 275,
326, 381, 427, 496, 692, 746,
761, 815, 826, 840, 851, 862,
908

Eriophyid mites 126, 162, 794,
930

Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi)
174, 213, 255, 429, 730, 852,
946

European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa
testudinea) 35, 200, 216

European chafer (Amphimallon
majalis) 198, 375, 505, 681,
CLE

European corn borer (Pyrausta
nubilalis) 19, 34, 36, 61, 63,
79, 97, 98, 102, 104, 106,
141, 144, 147, 158, 161, 163,
ty Lone Likitie LOLs lS4e 199F
202, 204, 211, 216, 231, 239,
240, 267, 299, 300, 301, 312,
319, 335, 347, 351, 367, 371,
391, 406, 415, 422, 429, 435,
442, 448, 449, 460, 465, 475,
484, 491, 504, 511, 521, 527,
542, 547, 555, 567, 588, 593,
608, 616, 623, 632, 636, 643,
652, 659, 667, 679, 686, 702,
710, 731, 737, 745, 755, 764,
771, 777, 789, 794, 808, 811,
817, 829, 835, 838, 841, 847,
854, 859, 860, 873, 887, 895,
907, 911, 912, 914, 943, 945

European earwig (Forficula
auricularia) 120, 122, 367,
473, 514, 561, 584, 585, 630,
651, 673, 694, 731, 749, 868

European elm scale (Gossyparia
Spuria)) 12), (25, Sonm9onmLel,
147, 243, 470, 539

European fruit lecanium (Lecanium
Core) PHI eats}, Chlye. waters
344, 396, 599

European peach scale (Lecanium
persicae) 120

European Qine sawfly (Neodiprion
sertifer) 80, 331

European pine shoot moth
(Rhyacionia buoliana) 49, 166,
177, 243, 292, 308, 330, 381,
403, 427, 446, 469, 496, 559,
582, 605, 649, 690, 746

European red mite (Panonychus
ulmi) 35, 105, 120, 124, 161,
L6Gm LZ Laide) LO 99% 200)
204, 205, 216, 220, 233, 243,
269, 312, 339, 357, 376, 397,
420, 429, 439, 464, 499, 508,
532, 542, 552, 573, 588, 598,
621, 632, 684, 731, 912, 944

European wheat stem sawfly
(Cephus pygmaeus) 353

Eye-spotted bud moth (Spilonota
ocellana) 125, 219, 242, 253,
BIZ, 358, 377, 420, 489, 509,
685, 707

F

Fall armyworm (Laphygma frugiperda)
6, 10, 11, 34, 81, 98, ,
141, 147, 158, 183, 199, 221,
PRIS Phy 5 CBR, Cee). CORS Grabs
528, 549, 568, 585, 594, 616,
637, 652, 660, 681, 702, 716,
(2, els (35 VE, Ve, WO
771, 777, 789, 808, 817, 823,
829, 835, 847, 859, 907, 911,

Fall cankerworm (Alsophila
pometaria) 163, 293, 364, 495,
9460 mya

Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) 7,
8) 39), 425uS25mlOSy Lelyml4 4,
159, 160, 162, 163, 203, 243,
421, 441, 509, 517, 533, 538,
553, 582, 599, 628, 642, 665,
672, 685, 692, 709, 714, 729,
761, 776, 825, 914

False chinch bugs (Nysius spp.) 10,
82, 122, 136, 155, 165, 617,
630, 668, 738, 756, 790

False wireworms (Eleodes spp.) 36,
81, 99, 146, 299, 311, 319,
393

Field cricket (Acheta assimilis)
10, 41, 217, 218, 630, 639,
651, 696, 705, 731, 783, 817,
823, 931

Fig scale (Lepidosophes ficus) 509

Filbertworm (Melissopus Iatifer-
reanus) 179, 742, 811

Fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis)
284

Fir needleminer (Epinotia meritana)
289

Fire ants 325, 889

Firebrats 181

Flannel moths 186, 726, 796

Flat grain beetle (Laemophioeus
pusillus) 83, 95, 103, 137

Flatheaded apple tree borer
(Chrysobothris femorata)
84,

Flea beetles 10, 34, 154, 171, 216,
299, 335, 357, .361, 373, 378,
380, 393, 399, 422, 429, 441,
452, 466, 475, 485, 491, 499,
510, 533, 555, 575, 602, 638,
643, 687, 710, 726, 731, 744,
777, 794, 847, 867

Fleahoppers 101, 196, 215, 363,
381, 400, 426, 445, 452, 468,
495, 516, 537, 558, 647, 690

Fleas 186, 472, 519, 584, 608,
630, 650, 693, 714, 782, 888

Fleeceworms 607

Fletcher scale (Lecanium fletcheri)
4010046400) a na eee

Flies 25, 175, 184, 205, 327, 402,
426, 540, 796, 816, 868, 874,
876, 877

Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus
aonidum) 75, 114, 195, 253,
270, 341, 465, 510, 575, 588,
642, 743, 777, 795, 811, 921

Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes
floridensis) 748 —

Flour beetles (Tribolium spp.)
143, 922

Flower thrips (Frankliniella
tritici) 328, 497

Forage looper (Caenurgina
erechtea) 353

Forbes Scale (Aspidiotus forbesi)
AQT AG A Vermin a we uate

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacoso-
ma disstria) 21, 243, 326,
330, 304, 447, 671, 841, 868,

Four-lined plant bug (Poecilocapsus
lineatus) 518, 560

Four-Spotted tree cricket
(Oecanthus nigricornis qua-
ripunctatus Tear

Fowl tick (Argas persicus) 186

Fruit tree Ieaf roller (Archips
argyrospila) 10, 24, 42, 199,
330, 53D, 538, 574, 605, 621,
665, 690

Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus
godmani) 159, 8

Fungus beetles 33, 106
Furniture carpet beetle (Anthrenus
flavipes) 186

Gall insects 303, 471, 650, 742

Garden fleahopper (Halticus
bracteatus) 201, 555, 575, 705,
722, 795, 932, 945

Garden slugs (Limax spp.) 162

Garden springtail (Bourletiella
hortensis) 184, 423

Garden Symphylid (Scutigerella
immaculata) 12
380, 405, 466, 605, 686, 778

Garden webworm (Loxostege similalis)
Zi; 36, ‘38, 975, 20nG L420. ae,
516, 531, 549, 579, 585, 682,
705, 740, 744, 774, 793, 824,
911, 912

German cockroach (Blattella
germanica) 164, 186, 607

Giant hornet (Vespa crabro germana)
105, 186, 781, 825

Glassy cutworm (Crymodes
devastator) 79, 123, 153, 773

Gloomy Scale (Chrysomphalus
tenebricosus

Glover scale (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) 453

Golden nematode (Heterodera
rostochiensis) 812, 838, 945

Golden oak scale (Asterolecanium
variolosum) 162

Golden tortoise beetle (Metriona
bicolor) 184, 913

Grain mite (Acarus siro) 630

Granary weevil (Sitophilus
grananius) 95, 106, 126, 137,
148, 260, 946

Granulate cutworm (Feltia
subterranea) 740

Grape berry moth (Paralobesia
viteana) 200, 216, 642, 709,
742, 866, 912

Grape curculio (Craponius
inaequalis)

Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea)
441, 664

Grape leaf folder (Desmia
funeralis) 217, 219

Grape leafhoppers (Erythroneura
spp.) 10, 219, 5

Grape leaf skeletonizer
(Harrisiana americana) 183,

Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus
maritimus) 6

Grape root borer (Vitacea polisti-
formis) 172, 3

Grape Scale (Aspidiotus uvae) 746

Grapevine aphid (Aphis illinoisen-
sis) 934

Grasshoppers 9, 19, 24, 36, 37, 41,
19), 80), (8h 497i, eLOLy LOSS ells.
118, 124, 141, 144, 146, 165,
178}, 179), 19L, 198), 201, 203),
217, 218, 240, 251, 260, 311,
319, 335, 351, 371, 391, 405,
406, 415, 425, 429, 435, 459,
483, 490, 497, 499, 503, 513,
515, 521, 527, 536, 543, 547,
567, 579, 585, 586, 593, 604,
615, 623, 627, 635, 652, 659,
6755) 679)5 TOL ome, atyloos
164, 11, U1 SO 90 SOL,
823, 829, 835, 841, 847, 859,
873, -887, 890, 929, 933, 943

Gis

Grass thrips (Anaphothrips
obscurus) 912

Grassworms (Mocis spp.) 158, 660,
680, 722, 750

Gray garden slug (Deroceras reticu-
latum) 372

Great BaSin tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma fragilis) 270,
SIT, 344, 364, 403, 868

Greater wax moth (Galleria mel-
Vonellia) (91'S Gago. ar

Greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) 10,
15, 55, 80, BI, 99, IOI, 102,
TLS); 33 14 46 h5s8 58
UA UO ee 20 Se elles eemce Ones
2677) 299) 73195 3355 (sol) Sf2)
459, 486, 848, 873, 895, 921,

Green cloverworm (Plathypena
sScabra)) 133), l5sspkiieL92,
Bolo ososn CooL maGde DOT,
531, 551, 572, 598, 620, 639,
644, 663, 665, 683, 686, 687,
706, 722; 731; 742, 744) 757,
774, 793, 794, 817, 824, 848,
873, 911, 912, 943, 945

Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) 122, 686, 913

Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida)
82, 104, 133, 182, 183, 206,
343, 641, 793, 836, 887, 945

Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae)
10, 24, 41, 42, 76, 7
107 120 pi2p, do. wos Los,
160, 172, 185; 212, 213, 233,
254, 307, 342, 343, 362, 377,
397, 422, 425, 439, 465, 467,
490), 493, 499° S1O) 513) 532);
578, 602, 627, 643, 645, 666,
668, 686, 688, 711, 716, 811,
838, 849, 890, 897, 907, 943,
945

Green-striped mapleworm (Anisota
rubicunda) 105, 147, 559, 796

Ground pearls (Margarodes spp.)
232, 452 arpa

Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) 145,
155, 213, 292, 331, 364, 381,
403, 447, 453, 471, 517, 582,
670, 729, 746, 780

Hackberry lace bug (Corythucha
celtidis) 747

Hackberry nipple gall (Pachypsylla
celtidis-mamma) 628

Hall Scale (Nilotaspis halli) 194,
260), a2 OO rei Onn

Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrioni-
ca) 41, 99, 184, 341, SII, 534

Harvester ants 375, 706

Hawthorn lace bug (Corythucha
cydoniae) 672, 5

Head Touse (Pediculus humanus
capitis) 17

Hemispherical scale (Saissetia
hemisphaerica) 560 ° ~

Hemlock Sawfly (Neodiprion tsugae)
291

Hemlock scale (Aspidiotus ithacae)
126, 162

Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor)
34, 79, 99, ; 5 5
177, 203, 241, 391, 417, 429,
436, 461, 504, 549, 721, 808,

847
Hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus)
186, 404,

Hog louse (Haematopinus suis) 163

Holly leaf miner (Phytomyza | ilicis)
181, 255, 325, 946 a0 ee

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) 126,
156, 160, 244, 327, 405, 429,
514, 673, 749, 783, 828, 840,
862

Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) 615

Horn fly (Siphona irritans) 9, 25,
39), 83), 100, OS, muicaytaae
160, 163, 201, 244, 309, 327,
345, 383, 426, 446, 472, 497,
519, 540, 560, 583, 607, 629,
651, 652, 673, 693, 714, 76a,
782, 815, 828, 839, 876, 945

Horned squash bug (Anasa armigera)
534, 643, 91:3) sa

Hornworms (Protoparce spp.) 185,
257, 442, 444, 467, 493, 510,
514, 533, 535, 555; eSd¢moren
602, 623, 627, 645, 667, 686,
709, 711, 726, 744, 777, 868,
912, 945, 947

Horse bot fly (Gasterophilus
intestinalis

Horse flies 164, 177, 186, 200,
673, 693, 868

House cricket (Acheta domestica)
797

House flies 39, 42, 100, 105, 122,
148, 160, 164, 177, 200, 216,
383, 401, 427, 472, 498, 519,
540, 560, 584, 589, 607, 629,
673, 693, 748, 763, 782, 815,
868, 914, 945

Human bot fly (Dermatobia hominis)
348

Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae)
34, 121, 159, 162); e19Soseeear
216, 221, 242, 260, 2705 Sums
312, 324, 341, 360, 379, 423,
442, 452, 667, 912, 945

Imported currantworm (Nematus
ribesii) 441, 465

Imported fire ant (Solenopsis
saevissima v. richteri) 6, 157,
175, 197, 214, 238, 245, 2s
275, 327, 3475) 36%, 384) 405,
448, 451, 498, 585, 716, 783,
797, 816, 829, 841, 853, 876,
889, 899, 901, 908, 923, 932

Imported willow leaf beetle
(Plagiodera versicolora)

364,

Indian-meal moth (Plodia inter-
punctella) 33, 39, 77, 83,

5, L483, 181, 584, 782,

889 | 946
Introduced pine sawfly (Diprion
similis) 22, 728 a
Io moth (Automeris io) 650, 713
Iris borer (Macronoctua onusta)
471 a

Italian pear scale (Epidiaspis
piricola) 219
Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) 39 —

Jack-pine budworm (Choristoneura
pinus) 21, 240,
330, 363, 403, 427, 469, "496,
517, 558

Jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion pratti

banksianae) 22, 331, 382,

469, 604

Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica)
S6NL7O) 104. inch lol selO2nuum
199° 200, 206, 217, 219, 232,
240, 359, 373, 428, 441, 471,
497, 507, 529, 539, 549, 556,
560, 571, 583, 595, 605, 617
622, 629, 632, 640, 650, 664,
672, 683, 685, 693, 713, 729,
747, 757, 778, 781, 815, 898,
911, 914, 944, 946

Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus
jeffreyi) 280, 86

Juniper Scale (Diaspis carueli) 16,
162, 888

Juniper webworm (Dichomeris
marginella) 80, 255

K

Kermes scales (Kermes spp.) 497

Khapra beetle (Trogoderma
granarium) 4, 17, 33, 77, 78,
95, 116, 122, 126, 137, 148,
174, 181, 197, 217, 223, 238,
244, 327, 345, 365, 384, 404,
448, 495, 560, 694, 730, 748,
782, 829, 840, 853, 863, 899,
922, 932, 941

Klamathweed beetles (Chrysolina
spp.) 123, 127, 181, 345,
429, 448, 473, 499, 514

L

Lace bugs 448, 453, 539, 652, 693

Lacewings (Chrysopa spp.) 84, 123,
LOPEZ oChmoOmm4 73) ol4. Gol,
694, 715, 764

Lady beetles 40, 84, 106, 123,
160, 186, 203, 214, 256, 309,
328, 345, 367, 383, 405, 406,
429, 448, 499, 514, 540, 561,
715

Larch casebearer (Coleophora
laricella) 331, 363, 403, 765,

?

Larch sawfly (Pristiphora erich-
sonii) 22, 5 , 559, 604,
627, 649, 671, 851

Large aspen tortrix (Archips con-
flictana) 293 aan

Large chestnut weevil (Curculio
proboscideus) 105

Larger elm leaf beetle (Monocesta
coryli) 650

Larger yellow ant (Lasius inter-
jectus) 899, 923

Leaf crumpler (Acrobasis indige-
nella) 793

Leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus
phyllopus) 399, 5

Leafhoppers 8, 24, 25, 81, 93, 98,
120, 121, 133, 145, 154, 165,
216, 232, 252, 260, 269, 302,
311, 321, 344, 354, 374, 475,
487, 499, 508, 513, 554, 575,
595, 602, 605, 619, 623, 639,
644, 664, 666, 688, 727, 728,
744, 757, 778, 848, 868

Leaf miners 10, 11, 56, 121, 184,
195, 257, 443, 465, 485, 491,
585, 671, 709, 722, 726, 742,
778, 793, 913

Ay

Leaf rollers 324, 361, 380, 406,
439, 499, 553, 758

Leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina) 453,
588

Lesser bulb fly (Eumerus tubercu-
latus) 41, 328, 601, 650

Lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera
nigrirostris) 103, 119, 124,

F , 201, 204, 303, 321,

356, 375, 393, 419, 437, 462,
498, 506, 551, 793, 944

Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopal-
pus lignosellus) 158, 159, 323,
417, 443, 513, 529, 585, 617,
704, 721, 742, 757, 772, 848

Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha
dominica) 33, 77, 81, 83, 126,
143, 148, 177, 181, 260, 327,
519

Lesser mealworm (Alphitobius
diaperinus) 694, 946

Lesser peach tree borer (Synanthe-
don pictipes) 24, 35, 159, 205,
323, 377, 420, 440, 464, 490,
554

Lice 25, 84, 105, 122, 216, 868

Light-brown apple moth (Austro-
tortrix postvittana) 187

Lilac borer (PodosesSia syringae
syringae) 606

Lilac Ieaf miner (Gracilaria
syringella) 403, 672, 693, 934

Lima-bean pod borer (Etiella
zinckenella) 825

Little house fly (Fannia canicu-
laris) 84, 126, 175

Locust borer (Megacyllene robi-
niae)605, 729, 931

Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dor-
salis) 105, 163, 203, 404, —
447, 538, 559, 582, 606, 628,
692, 914, 946

Lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria
milleri) 289

Lone star tick (Amblyomma ameri-
canum) 694, 714

Loopers 76, 137, 163, 217, 221,
223, 555, 572, 576, 585, 601,
624, 652, 668, 689, 706, 745,
747, 791, 794

Lygus bugs 321, 328, 338, 342,
360, 374, 379, 513, 600, 670,
682, 696, 723, 728, 742, 746,
761, 765, 781, 873, 922

Magnolia scale (Neolecanium
cornuparvun) 32, 162, 539
Maple bladder-gall mite (Vasates
quadripedes) 35, 80, 447, 471,
5I7, 559, 628

Maple leaf cutter (Paraclemensia
acerifolia) 447, 692, 828

Maple petiole borer (Caulocampus
acericaulis) 471

May beetles (Phyllophaga spp.)
163, 243, 344, 382, 421, 428,
44)

Meadow spittlebug (Philaenus
leucophthalmus) 31, 34, 79,

5 ; » 201, 204, 216,

241, 268, 312, 324, 338, 343,
355, 361, 374, 394, 399, 418,
429, 437, 448, 462, 488, 507,
552, 572, 597, 639, 706, 731,
742, 774, 793, 836, 860, 911,
944

Mealybugs 9, 185, 270, 427, 510,
575, 862
Mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus
arundinis) 191, 489.
Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta
kuhniella) 83, 106, 11
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis
capitata) 75, 114, 135, 233,
260, 306, 397, 490, 575, 588,
685, 709, 743, 838, 849, 874,
896, 921, 930
Melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) 39,
42, 82, 99, 221, 260, 361, 578,
623, 652, 760, 812, 867, 913
Melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae) 16,
14) ol Domeo liao opm aa
Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata)
726, 812
Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna
varivestis) 35, 41, 99, 106,
159, 162, 166, 182, 183, 184,
199, 205,*240, 342, 378, 398,
423, 442, 466, 492, 512, 535,
542, 555, 571, 575, 599, 608,
619, 624, 640, 645, 661, 665,
682, 687, 705, 710, 725, 727,
745, 760, 774, 778, 795, 824,
837, 838, 867, 913, 945,*216
Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha
ludens) 15, 55, 75, 114, 133,
LOS hu), 212))) 293), 305.) 324),
397, 490, 533, 554, 575, 599,
622, 642, 707, 776, 825, 896,
930, 941
Midges 145, 184, 343, 380, 384
Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus
bilituratus) 415, ; >
483, 499, 503, 521, 527, 528,
547, 567, 593, 615, 659, 679,
890, 895, 929
Millipedes 80, 105, 608, 673, 783,
817, 841, 853, 909, 946
Mimosa webworm (Homadaula albiz-
ziae) 35, 80, 107, 143, 163,
T85, 518, 539, 559, 582, 606,
650, 672, 713, 729, 731, 747,
780, 796, 815, 908, 914, 946
Mourning-cloak butterfly (Nymphalis
antiopa) 39, 47, 496, 518,
5 5, 628, 729, 914
Mites 42, 125, 177, 196, 200, 216,
217, 239, 244, 402, 447, 465,
470, 495, 496, 514, 519, 538,
556, 583, 600, 652, 686, 724,
730, 743, 811, 866, 921, 946
Monterey-pine weevil (Pissodes
radiatae) 94
Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex)
24, 118, 267, 336, 351, 415,
435, 459, 486, 505, 529, 549,
594, 617, 680, 704, 721, 865
Morning-glory leaf miner (Bedellia
somnulentella) 217, 222
Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus
moroccanus) 452. |
Mosquitoes 6, 22, 25, 39, 42, 57,
84, 94, 100, 105, 122, 145,
148, 160, 164, 236, 244, 274,
326, 345, 365, 383, 402, 446,
472, 497, 519, 540, 560, 584,
589, 607, 629, 650, 672, 693,
696, 714, 730, 748, 763, 782,
796, 816, 828, 839, 852, 943,
945
Mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala
guttatta) 184
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroc-
tonus monticolae) I8I, 280,
(ERE mean

Nabids 123, 328, 694, 889, 908

Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia
frustrana) 99, 143, 160, 185,
344, 363, 605, 713, 746, 761,
827, 851, 888, 913

Narcissus bulb fly (Lampetia
equestris) 122,

Navel orangeworm (Paramyelois
transitella) 114, 195, 890

Nematodes 812, 934

Northern cattle grub (Hypoderma
bovis) 401, 868

Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica
longicornis) 37, 79, 102, I6I,

5 29, 661, 773, 809

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus
sylviarum) 186,

Northern masked chafer (Cycloce-
phala borealis) 99, 756, 773,
340,” ae. oe

Norway-maple aphid (Periphyllus
lyropictus) 121, 126, 447, 868

Nun moth (Lymantria monacha) 227,
237

0

Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata)
606. (713 aS

Oak skeletonizer (Bucculatrix
ainsliella) 200, 692

Oblique-banded leaf roller
(Archips rosaceana) 106, 166,
307,

Obscure scale (Chrysomphalus
obscurus) 946

Old-house borer (Hylotrupes
bajulus) 18, 95, 106, 164,
186, 764, 889, 946

Oleander scale (Aspidiotus
hederae) 260

Olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae) 135,
260, 588, 599

Olive moth (Prays oleellus) 588

Olive psylla (EuphyT Tura olivina)

260
Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae) 76,
219, 260, 908, 922, 946

Olive thrips (Liothrips oleae) 260

Omniverous leaf tier (Cnephasia
longana) 177, 178, 180, 341,
399, 423

One-spot stink bug (Euschistus
variolarius) 726

Onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua) 21,
41, 118, 131,*145, 166, I80,
242, 307, 341, 367, 319, 398,
405, 423, 443, 467, 492) 499,
512, 556, 576, 601, 623, 645,
668, 688, 711, 727., 760, *125

Onion plant bug (Labopidea allii)
234

Onion* thrips (Thrips tabaci) 11,
25, 41) Ag woo lek tae:, 159,
234, 361, 452, 467, 492, 512,
535, 576, 585, 589, 601, 624,
645, 668, 711, 868

Orange-striped oakworm (Anisota
senatoria) 105, 713, 729,
747, 761, 827

Orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia
citrana) 32, 125, I80, 219,

1
,

Orchard mites 377, 420, 439, 508,
532, 5425, 552, S73; 298, 621,
641, 664, 685, 707, 725, 758,
776, 811, 824

= 3—

Oriental black citrus aphid (Aphis
citricidus) 767

Oriental cockroach (Blatta orien-
talis) 80, 915

Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha
molesta) 35, 120, A

; ,» L78, 179; 183, °205,

216, 219, 357, 377, 397, 420,
440, 464, 490, 509, 532, 553,
574, 585, 598, 608, 642, 663,
685, 707, 729, 776, 838, 882,
912, 934, 944

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes
ulmi) 99, 121, 122, 255, 274,
312, 383, 403, 447, 946

p

Pacific flatheaded borer
(Chrysobothris mali) 685

Pacific mite (Tetranychus
pacificus) 220

Packard graSShopper (Melanoplus
packardii) 865

Painted beauty (Vanessa
virginiensis

Painted-lady (Vanessa cardui) 473,
499, 542, 598, 620, 933

Painted leafhopper (Endria inimica)
98

Painted maple aphid (Drepanaphis
acerifoliae) 428, 763, 796, 914

Pale-striped flea beetle (Systena
blanda) 41, 160, 185, 706, 913

Pales weevil (Hylobius pales) 104,
143, 144, 177, , oon, 470),
538, 729, 862

Pale western cutworm (Agrotis
orthogonia) 40, 41, 97, 99,
145, 14659238319), 352, 722

Parlatoria date scale (Parlatoria
blanchardi) 453

Parsleyworm (Papilio polyxenes)

667
Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum)
36, 514, 7 =

Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) 7, 10,
20, 23, 34, 38, 40, 41, 81, 97,
TO, NOS, 1LO6,, LIS 224
133, 141, 145, 146, 153, 158,
161; 165, «kvl, 178; 182, 191,
199, 201, 203, 204, 211, 216,
218, 232, 238, 241, 251, 268,
305; .322),0312; 3215 S28) 337);
354, 373, 394, 398, 405, 406,
417, 432, 437, 443, 462, 467,
486, 493, 498, 506, 513, 521,
530, 535, 550, 555, 577, 585,
588, 596, 599, 619, 624, 638,
661, 675, 682, 706, 722, 740,
757, 765, 774, 790, 810), 837,
848, 860, 865, 873, 887, 896,
911, 933, 944, 945

Peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus)
1205) 124,220, 253, 507,

Peach tree borer (Sanninoidea
exitiosa) 35, 42, 120, 142, 159,
Zp; ale, 219, 270, 323, 340,
357, 420, 440, 464, 532, 621,
849, 866, 944

Peach twig borer (Anarsia
lineatella) 24, 42, 124, 260,
305, 377, 396, 420, 453, 464,
490, 509, 866

Pea leaf miner (Liriomyza langei)
665

Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineata)
125, 180, 360, 585, 640, 662,

682, 848
Pea moth (Laspeyresia nigricana)
125

Pear leaf blister mite (Erygenves
pyri) 120, 124, 172,
305, 358, 396, 439, 499, "553,

725, 866
Pear midge (Contarinia pyrivora)
377

Pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) 118
120, 124, 154, 178, 7S, 2iee
217, 219, 253, 269, 275, 3225
358, 377, 396, 421, 464, 509,
574, 663, 685, 725, 758, 776,
793, 810

Pear-slug (Caliroa cerasi) 25, 10
120, 124, 183, 396, 499, 553,
622, 642, 685, 725, 824

Pear thrips (Taeniothrips

inconsequens)219, 253, 322,
358 eon

Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) 41,
121, 125, 261, 360, 423, Sige
624

Pecan carpenterworm (Cossula
magnifica) 93, 1727/9)

Pecan leaf casebearer (Acrobasis
juglandis) 429

Pecan nut caSebearer (Acrobasis
caryae) 76, 80, 82, 114, 153,
T59, 253, 270, 358, 397, 4405
490, 509, 533, 665

Pepper maggot (Zonosemata electa)

158, 159, 182, 184, 60
Pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugeni
222, 361, 861, q

Periodical cicada (Magicicada

septendecim) 165, 243, 340,
im 21, 429, 440, 4649

489, 491, 496, 510, 518, 553,
606, 944

Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis)
162, 512, 556, 578, 600, 687,
726, 778, 795, 839, 912

Pigeon tremex (Tremex ¢olumba)
899

Pillbugs 105

Pine bark aphid (Pineus strobi)
104, 122, 144, 239, 255, 382,
402, 470, 605, 827

Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapi
780, 813, 0527

Pine chafer (Anomala oblivia) 17
330, 517,)535;a00 nana

Pine colaspis (Colaspis pini) 4

Pine engraver (Ips pini) 160, 1
283

Pine gall weevil (Podapion
gallicola)| 325sqnnneae

Pine leaf aphid (Pineus pinifoli
144, 295, 446, 469,

Pine needleminer (Exoteleia
pinifoliella) 289, 331

Pine needle scale (Phenacaspis
pinifoliae)11l, 5
382, 402, 427, 446, 496, 605
690, 729, 761, 888, 908, 922
946

Pine root colar weevil (Hylobius
radicis) 427, 817

Pine Sawflies 8, 143, 235, 290,
344, 382, 558, 671, 888, 943
946

Pine spittlebug (Aphrophora
parallela)105, 163, 325, 363
402, 427, 446, 470, 496, 517,
538, 605, 692

Pine tip moths 235, 469, 496, 517,
558, 604, 628, 690, 761, 795,
813, 851

Pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella

aa aso 22a iiPmeLoom
274, 294, 330, 382, 605, 713,
946

Pine tube moth (Argyrotaenia
pinatubana) 213, 605, 840, 874

Pine webworm (Tetralopha robustella)
155, 325

Pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella)3, 9, 16, 25, 31,

qG3m 5, 136. 155,
214, 222n2o 4, 325, 362, 381,
400, 408, 429, 453, 468, 516,
558, 581, 604, 626, 649, 669,
712, 728, 745, 780, 813, 826,
839, 851, 861, 874, 897, 908,
922, 931

Pink scavenger caterpillar
(Pyroderces rileyi) 77, 823

Pistachio leafhopper (Idiocerus
stali) 453

Pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena
targioni) 453

Pitch mass borer (Vespamima
pini) 713

Pitch twig moth (Petrova
comstockiana) 325, 851

Plains false wireworm (Eleodes
opaca) 267, 675

Plant bugs 20, 101, 159, 355, 395,
418, 448, 449, 463, 487, 494,
B07, Gil, BALD ERs GkY/p GEle
558, 572, 581, 597, 604, 620,
627, 639, 647, 662, 667, 682,
GIOME (er 2s, Mol Wot, Miia,

791, 810

Plum curculio (Conotrachelus
nenuphar) 20, 35, 38, 82, 142,
T59, 194, 200, 204, 205, 216,

, ,
242, 269, 305, 312, 322, 340,
358, 376, 396, 419, 429, 440,
449, 464, 489, 509, 532, 553,
574, 599, 621, 630, 641, 664,
707, 912, 944

Plum web-spinning sawfly
(Neurotoma inconspicua) 142,

4 7

Poplar and willow borer
(Sternochetus lapathi) 39

Poplar-petiole gall aphid
(Pemphigus populi-transversus)
126,

Poplar tent maker (Ichthyura inclusa)
914

Poplar vagabond aphid (Mordwilkoja
vagabunda) 628

Potato aphid (Macrosiphum solani-
folii) 41, 5 ep Lp
441, 465, 491, 554, 643, 812,
868, 897, 913, 945

Potato flea beetle (Epitrix
cucumeris) 38, 162, 205, 242,
Silom oop ado oz 666), itil,
913, 945

Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae)
Dil Be) Re VEE 5 i j
USE), IW WS, Were) ALI Ales
201, 204, 205, 216, 240, 339,
BAZ ooo) 1304) 395, 399) 418)
429, 437, 442, 448, 461, 465,
488, 491, 508, 511, 521, 531,
533, 542, 550, 553, 571, 596,
619, 630, 638, 644, 662, 666,
683, 686, 706, 710, 725, 731,
742, 756, 774, 791, 810, 817,
825, 836, 860, 887, 895, 912,
913, 934, 943, 944, 945, 947

=o

Potato psyllid (Paratrioza
cockerelli) 41, 99, I1T5, 213,
234, 307, 324, 360, 379, 406,
491, SIT, 533, 554, 577, 602,
623, 643, 666, 710, 744, 794,
812

Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus
destructor) 240, 5

Potato stalk borer (Trichobaris
trinotata) 429

Potato stem borer (Hydroecia
micacea) 934

Potato tuberworm (Gnorimoschema
operculella) 184, 197, 222,
DORMS lnm csi 651, 694, 794,
812, 849, 867, 946

Powder-post beetles (Lyctus spp.)
80, 106, 166

Predators 119, 275, 327, 448,
473, 498, 514, 584, 694, 715,
730, 749, 783, 797, 817, 840,
853, 862, 876, 889

Psocids 33, 95, 104, 145, 863

Purple-backed cabbageworm
(Evergestis pallidata)667, 687

Purple Scale (Lepidosaphes beckii)
8, 114, 195, ) 5 )
341, 453, 465, 510, 575, 642,
23.5 7 Ghils=ePAl

Puss caterpillar (Megalopyge
opercularis) 714, 748, 763,

?

Q

Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni)
43

Rapid plant bug (Adelphocoris
rapidus) 97, 201, 241, 895

Raspberry Cane borer (Oberea
bimaculata) 21, 200, 242, 624

Raspberry cane maggot (Pegomya
rubivora) 125, 380, 424, 490,
499, 934

Raspberry root borer (Bembecia
marginata) 125, 180, 253, 307,
Sae—S*S*

Raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides
geniculatus) 21, 380, 424, 624

Red-backed cutworm (Euxoa
ochrogaster) 118, 119, 123, 933

Red-banded Teaf roller (Argyrotaenia
velutinana) 21, 35, 105, 147,
T62, 166, 177, 200, 204, 216,
PYG) aS PH). Be, GRE). GIs 5
376, 396, 406, 420, 440, 463,
489, 509, 522, 542, 574, 598,
608, 622, 632, 641, 664, 686,
707, 758, 811, 912, 944

Red flour beetle (Tribolium
castaneum) 83, 123, 126

Red-headed ash borer (Neoclytus
acuminatus) 538

Red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion
lecontei) 22, 80, 104, 162,
185, 213, 330, 402, 582, 605,
649, 713, 728, 814, 852, 908

Red-humped caterpillar (Schizura
concinna) 80, 664, 763

Red-humped oakworm (Symmerista
albifrons) 331,

Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus
femur-rubrum) 37, 851, 865,
OLA eae

Red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia
rufipes) 186

Red-necked cane borer (Agrilus
ruficollis) 242, 399

Red-necked peanutworm (Stegasta
basqueella) 158, 572, 621,
682, 705, 725, 837, 848

Red-pine sawfly (Neodiprion
nanulus) 243, 427, 764

Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus
valens) 605

Red wax Scale (Ceroplastes rubens)
876

Rhodes-grass scale (Antonina
graminis) 773, 859, 895, 921

Rhododendron lace bug (Stephanitis
rhododendri) 583, 692

Rhododendron whitefly (Dialeurodes
chittendeni) 403

Rhubarb curculio (Lixus concavus)
35, 424, 576

Rice stem borer (Schoenobius
incertulas) 2

Rice Stink bug (Oebalus pugnax)

BOS), 436, 550, 570, 619,

s 722, 738, 756, 775,

ie

6

83

Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus
oryzophilus) ‘417, 435, 549

Rice weevil (Si Ttophilus oryza) oF
EA OS}, sors ee eS IS},
148, 183, 260, 703, 722, 738,
789, 840, 946

Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacen—
tor andersoni)) 9347) Sin

Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) 126,
162, 255, 914

Rose chafer (Macrodactylus

Subspinosus) 162, 244, 428,
471, 497, 499, 518, 539, 560,
576, 629

Rose curculio (Rhynchites bicolor)
539, 560

Rose leafhopper (Edwardsiana rosae)
868

Rose scale (Aulacaspis rosae) 162,
254, 326, 428

Rose-slug (Endelomyia aethiops)
761

Rosy apple aphid (Anuraphis roseus)
85, UO). IGA, Isp YO LATS
220, 243, 312, 396, 439, 448,
498

Rusty plum aphid (Hysteroneura
setariae) 274, 308, 439

S

Saddleback caterpillar (Sibine
stimulea) 79, 661 Teenie a4
Saddled prominent (Heterocampa
guttivitta) 144, 243, 293
Sagebrush defoliator (Aroga
websteri) 24, 552, 621
Salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene
acrea) 173, 223, 463,
626, 705, 760, 778, 813, 839
Sal t-marsh mosqui to (Aedes
sollicitans) 9, 182, 186, 309,
Lh eirar ts as are

Sand flies (Culicoides spp.) 540
Sand wireworm (Horistonotus
CHS Me

San Jose scale (Aspidiotus
perniciosus)12Z, 120, 124, 153,
159, 180, 196, 216, 217, 219,
377, 464, 489, 606, 743, 758,
776, 810, 849, 866

Sap beetles 505, 529, 867, 944

Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora
saratogensis) 294, 330, 363,
538, 559, 58 , 627

Sawflies 403, 467, 517, 627, 650,
690, 709, 728, 827

Saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzae-
philus surinamensis) 9, 33,

, , , , 106, 123,
126, 137, 143, 181, 309, 946

Say stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi)
10, 492, 617, 682, 740, 866

Scale insects 16, 84, 156, 174,
182, 196, 233, 260, 328, 340,
358, 363, 383, 441, 447, 518,
664, 781, 827, 840, 862, 874,
934, 946

Schoene spider mite (Tetranychus
schoenei) 912

Screw-worm (Callitroga homini-
vorax)9, 84, 105, 174, 186,
157, 309, 345, 426, 446, 472,
540, 581, 584, 607, 629, 651,
672, 693, 714; 730, 743, 782,
796, 816, 828, 852, 898

Scurfy scale (Chionaspis furfura)
742

Seed-corn maggot (Hylemya cilicura)
11, 20, 40, 41,42, 82, 104, 106,
142, Lege Lise Lat Some),
184, 1855.99 2032 241, 271’,
307, 312, 319, 401, 435, 443,
445, 601, 867, 890, 907

Senn pest (Eurygaster integriceps)
88, 408, 452, 588

Serpentine leaf miners (Liriomyza
Spy) op ello eeee DODO a4
945

Sheep biting louse (Bovicola ovis)
163

Sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus)
105, 163, 254, 274, 426, 868

Sheep scab mite (Psoroptes equi
var. ovis) 57, 94, 105, 197,
214, 365, 561, 796, 816, 876

Shot-hole borer (Scolytus
rugulosus) 420, 489, 510, 838,

Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina)
164, 877, 946

Sitka-spruce beetle (Dendroctonus
obesus) 283

Six-spotted leafhopper (Macrosteles
fascifrons) 41, 42, 5 5
338, 355, 395, 418, 437, 443,
448, 461, 487, 493, 508, 512,
521, 534, 620, 622. 644, 682,
727, 777. 781, 867, 933

Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus
sexmaculatus) F 5

Slugs 177, 184, 185, 186, 200,
213), 399, 934

Smaller European elm bark beetle
(Scolytus multistriatus) 11,
99, L47,, 165, 245) 240502435
285, 344, 364, 382, 403, 471,
496, 517, 583, 629, 650, 671,
747, 781, 796, 815, 827, 898,
914, 922, 946

Snails 184, 185, 555

Snowball aphid (Anuraphis viburni-
cola) 122, 4

Snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus
niveus) 107, 742, 748, 795

Sod webworms 123, 178, 183, 200,
400, 461, 483, 529, 773, 836,
847, 944

Soft scale (Coccus hesperidum)
217153 2195220),

Sorghum midge (Contarinia

sorghicola) 549, 569, 790, 847

= =

Sorghum webworm (Celama sorghiella)
102, 660, 681, 703, 721, 738,
756, 773, 790, 847

Southern armyworm (Prodenia
eridania) 399, 442, SII, 521,
B35, 577, 626, 640, 668, 688,
727, 745, 794, 812, 817

Southern beet webworm (Pachy-
zancla bipunctalis) 82, 756,

Southern cabbageworm (Pieris
protodice) 861, 911, SIZ

Southern cattle tick (Boophilus
annulatus microplus) 401

Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica
te Te Tse howardi =

; L6lpel rl, LOM
303, 328, 357, 393, 529°

Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea
crambidoides) 183, 505, 528,
568, 756, 823, 836, 907, 944

Southern fire ant (Solenopsis
xyloni) 630, 90

Southern green stink bug (Nezara
viridula) 8, 158, 159, I60,
342, 422, 425, 444, 468, 510,
521, 534, 552, 555, 585, 688

Southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus
acletus)136, 173

Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus
frontalis)16, 104, 160, 182,
185; 274, 282), 402, 670, 690,
729, 827, 888

Southern pine sawyer (Monochamus
titillator) 164, 716

Southern potato wireworm (Conoderus
falli)) 154 422) 4601), S38

Southern red mite (Oligonychus
Ligicis)” 1345.20

Southwestern corn borer (Zeadiatraea

grandiosella) 10, 81, 102, I4I,

l47, 299, 372, 406, 436, 483,
505, 521, 529, 548, 568, 594,
615, 660, 703, 721, 738, 756,
764, 772, 790, 808, 829, 847,
859, 860, 887, 895, 907, 921

Southwestern pine beetle (Den-
droctonus barberi) 282

Sowbugs 783

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera
glycines) 101, 194, 212, 305,
395, 438, 486, 573, 683, 706,
725, 741, 775, 810, 824, 887,
896, 930

Spider mites 7, 9, 21, 83, 99, 101,
104, 105, 106, 137, 142, 147,
155, 158, 160, 165, 173, 182,
185, 196, 214, 222, 223, 234,
253). 254), 270). 1308.) d2205 S25)
343, 344, 361, 364, 380, 383,
399, 426, 427, 452, 468, 489,
516, 534, 538, 558, 559, 581,
585, 595, 604, 606, 608, 618,
624, 627, 629, 640, 644, 647,
649, 652, 663, 665, 670, 684,
689, 705, 710, 712, 728, 740,
746, 747, 760, 761, 773, 780,
813, 829, 840, 866, 898, 943,
944, 945, 946

Spinach leaf miner (Pegomya
hyoscyami) 41, 42, I2I, 423,
Woe, 475, 556, 576, 688, 745

Spiny bollworm (Earias insulana)
313, 408, 453

Spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola)
162, 325, 827, 868

Spittlebugs 165, 303, 309, 321,
324, 373, 380, 394, 406, 418,
437, 492, 507, 531, 597, 605,
649, 662, 724

Spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis
maculata) 3, 6, 7, 9, 5 ;
23, 31, 36, 38, 40, 55, 75, 798
80, 82, 85, 86, 87, 93, 97, 98,
101, 103, 104, 1173, 126 Siig
119, 133, 141, 145, 146Qe5a5
158, 161, 165; 171 Saves eesar
191, 202, 204, 211, 217, 231,
238, 240, 241, 251, 269, 304,
311, 320, 337, 353, 374, 394,
406, 408, 418, 437, 452, 462,
486, 498, 506, 521, 530, 550,
570, 596, 618, 630, 638, 652,
661, 675, 681, 696, 704, 723,
741, 756, 764, 765, 775, 791;
797, 809, 817, 824, 829, 837,
848, 860, 865, 874, 887, 890,
895, 907, 929, 941

Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris
7 ee 34, T2ijoh2ae

98, 422, 443,
467, 556, 576, 644, 868, 944

Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica

165 Te as howardi

361, 493, 507,
667, 682, 687, 710°, 7265" 23k
809, 848, 890, 907

Spotted garden slug (Limax maximus)
323), 825,) 913 2 ne

Spring cankerworm (Paleacrita
vernata) 196, 331, 363, 382,
428, 429, 447, 518

Springtails 173, 182, 186, 269,
275, 307, 630

Spruce aphid (Aphis abietina) 402,
649

Spruce bud scale (Physokermes
piceae) 729

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura
fumiferana) 21, 121, 144, 180,
286, 330, 382, 558, 671, 692,
826

Spruce needle miner (Taniva
albolineana) 308, 363, 402,
GL, eee aes

Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus
ununguis) 200, 9II,

Square-necked grain beetle (Cathar-
tus quadricollis) 9, 106, 594,
B40

Squash beetle (Epilachna borealis)
184

Squash bug (Anasa tristis) 42, 79,
81, 82, I2ZI, 142, 159, 492,
512, 534, 555, 578, 600, 623,
643, 667, 687, 726, 731, 760,
812, 867, 913, 945

Squash vine borer (Melittia cucur-
bitae) 242, 424, 512, 534,
555, 577, 600, 623, 643, 726,
839, 913, 934

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
9, 25, 39, 384, 10
160, 201, 244, 472, 519, 540,
561, 607, 629, 651, 693, 714,

868, 876
Stalk borer Paes nebris)
102, 142, » ole, ose

533, 554, 568, 601.

Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga
gallinacea) 186

Stink bugs 6, 107, 159, 205, 223,
231, 251, 269, 360, 373, 398,
400, 422, 444, 485, 493, 510,
521, 534, 555, 556, 581, 670,
686, 694, 696, 728, 740, 757,
777, 813, 825

Stoneflies 214

Strawberry aphid (Pentatrichopus
fragaefolii) 2

Strawberry crown moth (Ramosia
bibionipennis) 760, 778, 867

Strawberry leaf roller (Ancylis
comptana fragariae) 35, 106,
120, 125, 147, 165, 166, 183,
200, 242, 343, 361, 367, 399,
424, 467, 493, 513, 535, 556,
578, 601, 645, 867

Strawberry root aphid (Aphis
forbesi) 7, 136, 234

Strawberry root weevil (Brachy-
rhinus ovatus) 124, 125, 271,
SIl, 443, 731, 760, 874

Strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus
atlanticus) 183, 408, 688, 731,

>

Strawberry weevil (Anthonomus
Signatus) 106, 165, 342, 361,
475, 493, 912, 944

Strawberry whitefly (Trialeurodes

packardi) 443

Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma
vittata) 11, 142, 162, 216,
242, 423, 443, 466, 555, 667,
913, 945

Striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta
striolata) 162

Striped garden caterpillar (Polia
legitima) 873

Suckfly (Cyrtopeltis minimus) 398

Sugar-beet crown borer (Hulstia
undulatella) 124

Sugar-beet root maggot (Tetanops
myopaeformis) 41, 341, 360,

,

Sugar-beet wireworm (Limonius
californicus) 251, 257

Sugarcane beetle (Euetheola
rugiceps) 101, 133, I41, 183,
302, 320, 335, 351, 372, 505

Sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccha—
ralis) 7, 302, 436, 529, 636,
773, 790, 929

Sunflower moth (Homoeosoma
electellum) 706, 724, 824

Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion

Swainei) 22, 243

Sweetclover aphid (Myzocallidium
riehmi) 103, 119, 202, 240,
251, 303, 354, 866

Sweetclover weevil (Sitona
cylindricollis) 20, 24, 38,
97, 103, 119, 124, 165, 204,
302, 321, 337, 355, 375, 405,
418, 438, 461, 552, 620, 640,
817, 865

Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formi-
carius elegantulus) 8, 76,
136, 234, 238, 324, 493, 7178,
825, 930

Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha
ciliata) 163, 583, 629, 692

Sycamore tussock moth (Halisidota
harrisii) 559, 692, 914

Symphylids 118, 121, 125, 180, 274,

868

Syrphid flies 203, 406, 473, 608,

764

T

Tabanids 22, 83, 345, 365, 383, 427,

472, 497, 519, 540, 561, 584,
607, 629, 651, 714, 730, 763,
782, 815, 828

Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineo-
laris) 7, 97, 103, 105, ,
199, 200, 201, 205, 241, 253,
270, 303, 312, 321, 328, 367,
418, 420, 424, 438, 448, 463,
466, 487, 491, 499, 507, 521,
530, 533, 551, 555, 572, 581,
585, 597, 620, 652, 662, 667,
706, 812, 817, 829, 837, 849,
859, 873, 887, 890, 895, 907,
912, 913, 944

oi o

Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) 8, 174
235, 326, 382, 781

Ten-lined June beetle (Polyphylla
decemlineata) 361

Tent caterpillars (Malacosoma spp.)
10, 11, 42, 120, 274, 292, 308,
378, 382, 406, 496, 538

Termites 39, 175, 181, 182, 183,
214, 217, 238, 239, 275, 367,
405, 429, 716, 853, 868, 899,
909, 915, 946

Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta
texana) 256, 275, 295, 347,
B16, 897

Three-cornered alfalfa hopper
(Spissistilus festinus) 7, 103,
L33;o 14), L58 ,plvly ne L92, 232,
303, 354, 373, 417, 552, 572,
585, 595, 620, 640, 663, 684,
740) 757, 174, 810, 824, 829,
837, 849, 859, 873, 887, 907

Three-lined potato beetle (Lema
trilineata) 360, 511, 554,
577, 601, 794

Thrips 102, 173, 183, 194, 195,
200, 214, 216, 235, 304, 308,
321, 324, 325, 343, 363, 381,
394, 398, 401, 417, 426, 436,
443, 445, 449, 453, 463, 469,
472, 487, 495, 499, 505, 516,
531, 535, 537, 551, 556, 558,
570, 576, 585, 604, 620, 627,
647, 663, 687, 696, 738, 757,
773, 868, 944, 946

Ticks 22, 309 , 519, 540, 630, 796,
868

Tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
795

Tobacco budworm (Heliothis
virescens) 8, 158, 160, 184,
271, 307, 343, 362, 380, 399,
424, 444, 467, 514, 536, 579,
602, 668, 693, 945

Tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix
hirtipennis) 107, 136, 155,
160, 182, 184, 185, 196, 271,
307, 343, 400, 425, 444, 467,
493, 513, 536, 579, 627, 645,
668, 711, 812, 913, 945

Tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta)
LOTE PL 5o S62 aa |

Tobacco stem borer (Gnorimoschema
heliopa) 523

Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella
fusca) 107, 182, 185, 328, 493

Tobacco wireworm (Conoderus
vespertinus) 185

Tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea)
8, 11, 41, 79, 159, 162, 195,
205, 254, 361, 378, 398, 422,
442, 511, 533, 623, 644, 666,
709, 758, 778, 812, 867, 912,
945

Tomato hornworm (yropoparce 5
quemaculata)

5 120, 159, niGor

162, 342, 424, 602, 709, 758

Tomato psyllia (Paratrioza
cockerelli) 41, 399, 442, 465,
es rt

Tomato russet mite (Vasates lyco-
persici) 35, 212, 222, 421,
601, 623, 667, 686, 709, 726,
731, 744, 758, 777, 812, 825,
867, 913, 945

Tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus
bacoti) 175

Tuber flea beetle (Epitrix
tuberis) 41, 125

Tuliptree aphid (Macrosiphum
liriodendri) 914

Tuliptree scale (Toumeyella
liriodendri) 186, 325, 538,

46

?

Turnip aphid (Rhopalosiphum
pseudobrasSicae) 106, 887, 913

Turnip gall weevil (Ceutorhynchus
pleurostigma) 843

Turnip maggot (Hylemya floralis)
145 Meese:

Turnip sawfly (Athalia colibri)

452, 563

Turpentine beetles 155, 713, 729,
814

Twig girdler (Oncideres cingulata)
7TOSRO27 aD

Twig pruner (Elaphidion villosum)
144

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetrany-
chus telarius) 10, 25, 35,
38, 40, 41, 42, 93, 97, 119,
120, 124, 125, 136, 145, 162,
163, 166, 177, 180, 194, 200,
204, 216, 218, 220, 242, 257,
307, 339, 358, 378, 420, 422
424, 449, 464, 467, 475, 489,
532, 534, 552, 571, 573, 578,
595, 598, 606, 618, 621, 624,
640, 644, 647, 649, 664, 668,
672, 685, 687, 705, 707, 724,
744, 756, 765, 795, 866, 867,
912, 913, 914, 931, 944

Two-spotted stink bug (Perillus
bioculatus) 123

Two-striped grasshopper (Melano-
plus bivittatus) 7, 37, 415,
435, 459, 483, 503, 521, 527,
528, 547, 567,°593, 615, 659,
859, 865, 890

U

Unspotted tentiform leaf miner
(Callisto geminatella) 35,
162, 177, 340, 358, 396, 441,
463, 553, 574, 598, 664, 707,
912, 921, 944

V

Vagabond crambus (Crambus vulgi-
vagellus) 101, 103

Variable oak leaf caterpillar
(Heterocampa manteo) 22, 36,
105, 293, 671, 747, 827, 914

Varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus
verbasci) 181, 186

Variegated cutworm (Peridroma
margaritosa) 103, 218, 232,

5 ; 6, 417, 429, 437,

506, 531, 551, 556, 572, 597,

722, 947
Vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) 782
Vegetable weevil stroderes

costirostris obliquus) 6, 8,
16, 76, 114, 116, 135, 136,
142, 155, 158, 159, 160, 173,
184, 185, 195, 196, 212, 213,
254, 307, 324, 362, 380, 381,
394, 425, 468, 512, 838, 942,
943, 945

Velvetbean caterpillar aoe
gemmatalis) 7, 158,
662, 084, 704, 724, 740, 757,
775, 791, 810, 824, 837, 849,
911, 912, 943, 944) 947

Vetch bruchid (Bruchus brachialis)
81, 145, 146, 204, 5
338, 356, 367, 419, 486, 551,
620

Viburnum aphid (Anuraphis
viburniphila ‘

Vinegar flies (Drosophila spp.)
122, 199, 512, 744, 777, 913

Vine moth (Lobesia botrana) 588,
611

Virginia-creeper leafhopper
(Erythroneura ziczac) 25, 126

W

Walkingstick (Diapheromera
femorata) 5 5 9, 628,
649, 692, 747

Walnut caterpillar (Datana
integerrima) 82, 105, 200, 490,

3 574, 606, 622, 628,
642, 665, 671, 686, 692, 709,
726, 743, 758, 776, 914

Walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis
completa) 195, 219, 599, 642,
686, 709, 758, 776, 81l, 825,

838, 866
Wasps 106, 145, 217, 345, 715, 817,
946

Watercress leaf beetle (Phaedon
aeruginosus) 711

Webworms 82, 133, 394, 435, 531,
551, 556, 570, 597, 604, 620,
639, 662, 683, 705, 724, 738,
764

Western balsam bark beetle
(Dryocoetes confusus) 285

Western bean cutworm (Loxagrotis
albicosta) 11, 118, I2I, 624,
HM Ce

Western black flea beetle
(Phyllotreta pusilla)119, 120

Western cherry fruit fly (Rhago-
letis cingulata indifferens)
175, 397, 421, 441, 45, 09,
553, 622, 642

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica
virgifera) 37, 40

Western grape leaf skeletonizer
(Harrisina brillians) 10, 622,
726, 758, 866

Western harvester ant (Pogonomyr-
mex occidentalis) 24, 419, 866

Western peach tree borer (Sanni-
noidea exitiosa graefi) 179,
BS, 866

Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus
brevicomis) 280

Western raspberry fruitworm
(Byturus bakeri) 180, 688

Western spotted cucumber beetle
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata)
179, 180, Isi, 191, 551, 682

Western tent caterpillar (Mala-
cosoma pluviale) 441

Western tussock moth (Hemerocampa
vetusta) 219, 221, 441

Western yellow-striped armyworm
(Prodenia. praefica) 23, 118,
119, 120, 178, 218, 469, 581,
597, 601, 865, 868

Wheat bulb fly (Hylemya coarctata)
903

Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae)
122, 372, 393, 835,

Wheat head armyworm (Faronta
diffusa) 483

Wheat jointworm (Harmolita tritici)
203, 773

Wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana)
20, 661

Wheat stem maggot (Meromyza ameri-
cana) 103, 118, 241, 335,
BSI, 483

Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus)
124, 619 <2

ae

Wheat wireworm (Agriotes mancus)
241 7 a
White apple leafhopper (Typhlocyba
pomaria) 216

Whiteflies 9, 94, 136, 361, 445,
469, 495, 499, 578, 581, 690,
712, 742, 744, 746, 747, 774

White-fringed beetles (Graphogna-
thus spp.)232, 255, 302, 326,
391, 400, 435, 485, 572, 738,
774, 836, 930

White grubs 12, 21, 24, 42, 120,
122, 184, 202, 203, 330,
343, 417, 467, 512, 529, 589,
595, 680, 755, 761, 809, 852,
859, 868, 907, 933

White-lined sphinx (Celerio
lineata) 25, 42, 122, 485,
549, 716, 749, 764

White-marked tussock moth (Hemero-
campa leucostigma) 243, 559,
746, 898,

White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis
pentagona) 183,

White-pine aphid (Cinara strobi)
22, 145, 402,

White-pine cone beetle (Conophtho-
rus coniperda) 690

White-pine Sawfly (Neodiprion
pinetum) 308, 470, 761, 764,
iby.

White-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi)
104, 163, 200, 240, 243, ;
363, 382, 427, 605, 627, 649,
670, 817, 827

Wing louse (Lipeurus caponis) 763

Winter grain mite (Penthaleus
major) 3, 15, 55, 75, 93, 102,
TIS, 133, 146, 171, 191, 211,
251, 302, 319, 899, 929

Winter moth (Operophtera brumata)
883

Wireworms 20, 36, 40, 41, 82, 98,
102, 106, 107, 121. 124, 161,
184, 202, 222, 267, 311, 312,
319, 341, 353, 360, 375, 380,
393, 400, 425, 442, 444, 466,
492, 505, 529, 549, 623, 851,
933, 944

Woolly alder aphid (Prociphilus
tessellatus) 105, 185, 403,
SBiice? ve?

Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma
lanigerum) 10, 25, SI, 82, 122,
3 , 364, 376, 396, 408,
421, 439, 470, 489, 588, 598,
664, 704, 793, 810, 837, 840
Woolly elm aphid (Eriosoma
americanum) 84, 428, 470, 496,

Wool maggots 164

Y

Yellow clover aphid (Therioaphis
trifolii)98, 103, +
Biz, 354, 571, 681, 705

Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes
aegypti) 899

Yellow-headed cutworm (Apamea
amputatrix) 123

Yellow-headed spruce sawfly
(Pikonema alaskensis) 827

Yellow jackets (Vespula spp.) 122,
145

Yellow-margined leaf beetle
(Microtheca ochroloma) 6, 423,
576,

Yellow-necked caterpillar (Datana
ministra) 80, 120, 121, 622,
G28, 641, 665, 726, 758, 810,
914

,

Yellow peach moth (Dichocrocis
punctiferalis) 697

Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina)
114, 220, 453

Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia
ornithogalli) 98, 106, Z57,
400, 463, 508, 549, 623, 644,
704, 778, 808, 823, 826

Yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha
flava) 738, 941 Sane

Yuma spider mite (Eotetranychus
yumensis) 195,

l

Zebra caterpillar (Ceramica picta)
25, 124, 178, 180, 576, 836,
933

Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryctria
zimmermani) 22, 80, 496, 649,
(S62 aaa soe

Abies concolor (an aphid)

255

Abies grandis
2

Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber
eetle) 11,142,162, 184, 216,

242, 423, 443, 468, 492, 512,
534, 555, 578, 600, 643, 667,
795, 838, 861, 913, 945
Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean
weevi 3,
Acarus siro (grain mite)

Aceratagallia spp. (leafhoppers)
Mmm coats ta)

Aceratagallia fuscoscripta (a leaf-
hopper) 24
Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover
~ leafhopper) 161, 171, 269,
354, 572, 742
Aceratagallia uhleri

?

Aceria litchii ( an eriophyid mite)
9

Aceria paradianthi
56

Aceria $heldoni (citrus bud mite)
220,

Aceria tulipae (wheat curl mite)
122, 372, 393, 835, 848

Aceria vaccinii (blueberry bud mite)

8
Acherontia atropos (a moth)
meee cOUR os) s
Acheta spp, (field crickets)

823
Acheta assimilis (field cricket)
— 10, 41, 218, 630, 651, 705,

731, 783, 817, 931

Acheta domestica (house cricket)
79

Achorutes armatus (a springtail)

Achroia grisella (lesser wax moth)
5
Acleris lipsiana (a budworm)
8, 180, 793
Acleris variana (black-headed
budworm) 121, 144, 278, 287,
365, 671
Acontia dacia (brown cotton
@afworm) 444, 538, 626
Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut
Casebearer) 76, 82, 114, 153,
159, 253, 270, 358, 397, 440,
490, 509, 533, 665
Acrobasis indigenella (leaf crumpler)

Acrobasis vaccinii (cranberry
fruitworm) 242, 599, 665, 880
Acrolophus sp. (a burrowing webworm)
738
’
Acrolophus popeanellus
MRM, . . o44

Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug)
, 339, 397, 420, 493, 670

Actebia fennica (black army
cutworm) 312

Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady
beetle) 256, 345

Adelphocoris sp. (a plant bug)

7, 597

Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa
plan ug 5 201, 241,
373, 395, 418, 463, 487, 507,
530, 551, 572, 597, 620, 639,
662, 682, 706, 723, 740, 757,
774, 791, 860

Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant
ug 7201, 0241, 355, 395,
463, 507, 530, 551, 597, 620,
639, 662, 667, 682, 706, 723,

= gy 6

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

757, 774, 810, 895
Adelphocoris superbus
7
, ?
Aedes spp. (mosquitoes)
145, 164, 236, 402, 519, 560,
714
Aedes aegypti (yellow-fever mosquito)
eam S 99)
Aedes campestris
2
Aedes canadensis
472,
Aedes cantator
4
Aedes cataphylla
326
Aedes cinereus
3
Aedes communis
A
Aedes dorsalis
100, 274, 472, 540, 584, 714
Aedes excrucians
365
Aedes fitchii
326, 365
Aedes flavescens
3
Aedes idahoensis
4
Aedes implicatus
40
Aedes increpitus

,
Aedes infirmatus
584
Aedes intrudens

Aedes melanimon
5 816

,
Aedes nigromaculis
402, 472, 560, 607, 693, 796,
828
Aedes niphadopsis
326
Aedes punctor
4
Aedes riparius
8
Aedes schizopinax
SR agh ooo SPT NTT

Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh
mosquito) 6,9,57,186, 236, 274,
309, 365, 426, 472, 497, 560,
607, 672, 673, 693, 714, 730,
782, 796, 915, 945

Aedes spenceri

,
Aedes sticticus
244,

Aedes stimulans

3

Aedes ee ya |
b) 26, 672, 673,

693, 782, 852, 945
Aedes tormentor

5
Aedes trichurus 402
Kedes triseriatus 629
Redes trivittatus 244, 519

Aedes vexans 94, 100, 148, 244,
365, 472, 519, 540, 607, 650,
748

Aeolus mellilus (a wireworm)

Ee a46Gireaiesine

Aeoloplides turnbulli (a grasshopper}
15, 701, 823, 890
Agallia constricta (a leafhopper)
619
Agapostemon cockerelli (a mining
ee 1

Ageneotettix deorum (a grasshopper)
146, 351, 371, 415,

435, 459, 483, 547, 679, 701,
737, 755, 829

Agonopterix nubiferella (a leaf

ier) 1

Agonoscena targioni (pistachio
psSyllid) 453

Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer)

?

Agrilus hyperici 123, 345

Agrilus ruficollis (red-necked cane
borer) 242, 399, 578, 745

Agriotes spp. (wireworms) 124

Agriotes mancus (wheat wireworm)
241, 312

Agroiconota bivittata (a tortoise
beetle) 5

Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch
leaf miner) 485

Agrotis gladiaria (a cutworm)
415

Agrotis orthogonia (pale western
cutworm) 40, 99, 146, 268,
299, 319, 352, 371, 372, 393,
394, 505, 722, 772

Agrotis psilon (black cutworm)
a. Opp 57, 78, 95, 102,
116, 122, Ber 155, 157, 176,
178, 194, 199, 202, 215, 237,
256, 260, 276, 299, 310, 329,
338, 346, 362, 366, 387, 407,-
415, 424, 430, 450, 474, 475,
500, 520, 521, 541, 542, 549,
561, 562, 568, 587, 589, 594,
609, 631, 632, 638, 653, 674,
695, 696, 717, 732, 740, 750,
766, 784, 798, 818, 830, 842,
863, 854, 877, 889, 900, 909,
923, 932, 942, 944, 947

Ahasverus advena (a grain beetle)

, 104, 106
Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm)
142, 494, 558,

562, 603, 609, 626, 632, 647,
669, 690, 712, 728, 746, 760,
780, 784, 795, 813, 826, 839,
854, 863

Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus
blackfly) 31, 75, 135, 212,
233, 322, 397, 453, 490, 599,
684, 709, 776, 825, 896, 941

Aleyrodes spp. (whiteflies) 126

Aleyrodes azaleae (azalea whitefly)

Aleyrodes spiraeoides 499
Allomyia sp. (a midge) 178, 181
Allononyma vicarialis (a caterpillar)
Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser
mealworm) 694, 946
Alsophila spp. (cankerworms) 200
Alsophila pometaria (fall canker-
worm) 144, 163, 293, 364,
495, 945
Altica sp. (a chrysomelid) 672
Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle)
a4 ?
Altica sylvia (a blueberry flea
beetle 312
Alypia octomaculata (eight-spotted
forester) 397, 421, 559
Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick)
, 630, 694, 714
Amelia pallorana See Tortrixz
pallorana
Amorbia esSigana (a tortricid) 941
Amphimalion majalis (European
chafer) 158 375, 505, 681,895
Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper)

Amphorophora rubi (an apid) 307
Anabrus Simplex (Marmon cricket)
— 4, 267, 336, 351, 415, 435,
459, 486, 505, 529, 549, 594,
616, 680, 704, 721, 865
Anacentrinus deplanatus (a weevil)
0
,

Anagasta kuhniella (Mediterranean
flour moth) 83, 116, 261
Anagrapha falcifera (celery looper)

T - eOcatn tee sas

Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips)
5, Dal, 551, 570, 912
Anarsia lineatella (peach twig
borer) 24, 42, 124, 219, 260,
305, 340, 377, 396, 420, 453,
464, 490, 509, 714, 866
Anasa armigera (horned squash bug)
; , 913
Anasa tristis (squash bug) 42, 82,
—— 131, 142, 159, 492. 512) 534)
555, 578, 600, 623, 643, 667,
687, 726, 760, 812, 867, 913,
945
Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit
15, 55, 75, 114, 135,
153, 172, 212, 253, 305, 323,
397, 490, 533, 554, 575, 599,
622, 642, 707, 776, 825, 896,

930, 941
Ancylis comptana fragariae (straw-
berry leaf roller) 35, 120,

1255) 147, 165, 183; 200, 242,
343, 361, 380, 399, 424, 467,
493, 513, 535, 556, 578, 601,
645, 867
Anisota rubicunda (green-striped
mapleworm) 105, 147, 796
Anisota senatoria (orange-striped
oOakworm) 105, 713, 729, 747,
761, 827
Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 177,
330, 517, 538, 604
Anomis erosa (a phalaenid) 729
Anopheles spp (mosquitoes) 6, 164
Anopheles algeriensis 261
Anopheles coustani tenebrosis 261
Anopheles crucians 560, 650
Anopheles earlei 365
Anopheles freeborni 274, 326, 560,
693, 714, 763, 796, 839
Anopheles multicolor 261
Anopheles punctipennis 186, 629
Anopheles quadrimaculatus (common
malaria mosquito) 186, 560,

Anopheles sacharovi 261
Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil)
61, B61, 922

Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil)

83, 94, 101, 104,

136, "142, 160, 185, 222, 308,
325, 343, 362, 381, 400, 425,
444, 468, 494, 515, 537, 557,
580, 603, 625, 645, 668, 688,
711, 727, 745, 813, 826

Anthonomus musculus (cranberry
weevil) 880

Anthonomus signatus (strawberry
weevil) 165, 342, 361, 493,
912, 944

Anthophila pariana (apple and thorn
skeletonizer) 684, 797

Anthrenus spp. (dermestids) 181

Anthrenus scrophulariae 186

Anthrenus vorax (a carpet beetle) 186

Anthrenus verbasci (varied carpet
beetle) ISI, 186

Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean
caterpillar) 7, 158, 620, 640,
662, 684, 696, 704, 724, 740,
757, 775, 784, 791, 798, 808,
810, 818, 824, 830, 837, 842,
849, 854, 863, 877, 911, 944,
947

Antonina graminis (Rhodes-grass
Scale) 773, 859, 895, 921

Antonina nortoni 921

Anuraphis apiifolia (an aphid) 221

- 14-

Anuraphis bakeri (clover aphid) 103,

Lig Leo, 940k, ool ose Doe,

638, 662, 682, 705, 724, 740
Anuraphis helichrysi (a plum aphid)
\ cee COO kes Lats

Anuraphis maidi-radicis (corn root
aphid) 104, 461, 485, 943

Anuraphis mentae-radicis (an aphid)

Anuraphis roseus (rosy apple aphid)
, 120, 162, 176, 204, 216,
220, 243, 253, 269, 305, 312,
322, 339, 357, 396, 439, 448,
489, 912
Anuraphis viburnicola (Snowball
aphid) 122, 344, 363, 428, 470
Anuraphis viburniphila (viburnum
aphid 5
Anurogryllus muticus (a short-
tailed cricket) 402
Aonidiella aurantii (California red
scale) 220, 510, 588, 794, 811
Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale)
, 220
Aonidiella orientalis (a scale)
4
,
Aonidiella taxus (a scale) 941
Apamea amputatrix (yellow-headed
utworm
Apamea keiferi (a noctuid) 748
Apanteles spp. ( parasites) 371,
ar aE

Apanteles glomeratus 876
Apanteles harrisinae 828

Aphelinus lapisligni (a parasite)
126, 571, 662, 694

Aphelinus mali 408

Aphelinus Semiflavus 218

Aphis spp. (aphids) 103, 363

Aphis abbreviata (buckthorn aphid)
eT Ayn 54, 602, 622, 643,
666, 686, 710, 727, 744, 897

Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) 363,
4 ?

Aphis fabae (bean aphid) 126, 260,

428, 470, 513, 555, 589, 622,

645, 687, 710, 913

Aphis forbesi (strawberry root aphid)

7, 136, 234
Aphis gossypii (melon aphid, cotton
aphi , 39, 42, 82, 83, 99,

142, 160, 221, 223, 361, 362,
426, 453, 578, 623, 626, 646,
746, 760, 794, 797, 812, 813,
839, 861, 867, 913
Aphis illinoisensis (grapevine
aphid) 934 :
Aphis tre ts (cowpea aphid)
2, 321, 326, 339,
343, 376, 378, 381, 401, 445
Aphis pomi (apple aphid) 35, 125,
161, 204, 216, 220, 233, 243,
293, 269, 305, 312, 322, 339,
357, 376, 396, 421, 439, 448,
463, 508, 532, 553, 573, 598,
621, 664, 684, 707, 849, 912
Aphis spireacola (spirea aphid)
162, 325, 470, 827, 868

Aphodius spp. (white grubs). 24, 424, 529
Aphodius hamatus garmani 859
Aphrophora spp. (Spittlebugs) 446
Aphrophora parallela (pine spittle-
bug) 105, 163, 325, 363, 402,
427, 446, 470, 496, 517, 538,

605, 692
Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga
sp lebug 30, 363,

?

538, 559, 582, 605, 627
Aphytis sp. (an eulophid) 454
Aphytis lepidosaphes 220
Aphytis maculicornis 219
Apion ulicis (a weevil) 181, 797
Apis mellifera (honey bee) 126,
tere? ; , 405, 429, 514, 673,

749, 783, 828, 840, 862
Apterona crenulella (a casemaker)

Aradus shermani (a flat bug) 877

Archips argyrospila (fruit tree
Teaf roller) 10, 24, 199, 293,
330, 420, 532, 538, 574, 605,
621, 664, 690

Archips conflictana (large aspen
ortrix

Archips obsoletana (a leaf roller)

80a aoe

Archips rosaceana (oblique banded
Teaf roller) 166, 307, 553,
758
Archips rosana (a leaf roller) 174,
95 J25,), S09, ae
Argas persicus (fowl tick) 186
Arge pectoralis (birch sawfly)

?
Arge scapularis (an elm sawfly) 240
Argyresthia cupressella (a
plutellid moth) 496
Argyotaenia citrana (orange tortrix)
5, 180, 219, 221, 931

Ar rotaenia pinatubana (pine tube
moth) 213, 605, 840, 874

SSE Cue) velutinana (red-

leaf roller) 21, 35,

105, “147, 162, 166, 177, 200,
204, 216, 242, 253, 270, 323,
339, 357, 376, 396, 420, 440,
463, 489, 509, 532, 553, 574,
598, 622, 641, 664, 686, 707,
758, 811, 912, 944

Aristotelia disconotella (a
gelechii

Aroga websteri (sagebrush defoliator)

Arphia conspersa (a grasshopper) 391,
459

Asiphonella dactylonii (an aphid)

50 0 a

Aspidiotus spp (scales) 174
Aspidiotus californicus (black
pine leaf scale) 294, 383, 814
Aspidiotus candidula 235
Aspidiotus forbesi (Forbes scale)
233, 358, 421, 441, 464
Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale)

Aspidiotus ithacae (hemlock scale)
62 ae

Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose
scale) - , 124, 153,
159, 180, 196, 216, 219, 233,
358, 377, 441, 464, 489, 606,
664, 743, 758, 776, 810, 849,
866

Aspidiotus uvae (grape scale) 746

Asterolecanium sp. (a scale) 796,

7 (0 De

Asterolecanium arabidis 16, 629

Asterolecanium Minus 560

Asterolecanium puteanum 16

Asterolecanium variolosum (golden
162 an

scale

°
Asteromyia petiolicola (a grape
gaily 742

Astylopsis macula (a cerambycid)

Atanycolus ulmicola (a parasite)

Athalia colibri (turnip sawfly)
——_ 452, 503, 564

Atta sexdens (a leaf-cutting ant)
fe Ounm

Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting

ant) 256, 275, 295, 347, 816
Attagenus spp. (dermestids) 181,
Sis eoe

Attagenus gloriosae 261

Attagenus piceus (black carpet
~——pbeetle) 80, 83, 122, 166,
181, 186, 853, 931

Atteva aurea (ailanthus webworm)

6
Aulacaspis rosae (rose scale) 162,
254, 326, 428

Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper)
, dol, 371, 415, 435, 459,
483, 503, 547, 593, 701, 865,
890

:

Austrotortrix postvittana (light-
brown apple moth) 187

Autographa sp. (a looper) 137, 513,
555

Autographa californica (alfalfa
Tooper) 123, 221, 513, 550,
576, 624, 933

Automeris io (io moth) 650, 713

Autoplusia egena (bean leaf
- skeletonizer) 76

Autoserica castanea (Asiatic gar-

— den beetle) 183, 417, 535,
560, 583, 608, 629, 946

Bassettia ligni (a gall wasp) 650

Bathyplectes curculionis (a para-
site 498

Bdellonyssus bacoti (tropical rat
mite) (See Ornithonyssus)

Bdellonyssus bursa (tropical rat
mite) (See Ornithonyssus)

Bdellonyssus sylviarum (northern
fowl mite) (See
Ornithonyssus),

Bedellia somnulentella (morning-
glory leaf miner) 222

Bembecia marginata (raspberry root
borer) 125, 180, 253, 307

Biolysia tristis (an ichneumonid)

Blatta orientalis (oriental cock-

roach) 80, 164, 630, 816,
852, 915

Blattella germanica, (German cockroach)
164, 186, 589, 607, 630, 816
Blattisocius tineivorus (a mite)

Blissus leucopterus (chinch bug)

—.._ 81, 98, 102, 141, 146, 158,
165, 182, 202, 203, 241, 299,
319, 335, 415, 436, 461, 485,
504, 528, 548, 569, 594, 617,
635, 660, 680, 755, 773, 789,
808, 907, 921, 929

Blissus leucopterus insularis (a
chinch bug) 15, 113, 182, 269,
570, 680, 721, 873

Boophilus annulatus microplus
(southern cattle tick) 401

Bourletiella hortensis (garden
Springtail) 184, 423

Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse)

, 100, 105, 163, 174
Bovicola ovis (sheep biting louse)

Brachyrhinus sp. (a weevil) 126

Brachyrhinus ligustici (alfalfa
snout beetle) 198

pes meridionalis (a weevil)
4

Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry
root weevil) 124, 271, 443,
731, 760, 867, 874

Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus (a
weevil) 399, 867, 944

Brachyrhinus sulcatus (black vine
weevil) 535, 793, 867

Brachystola magna (lubber grass-

hopper)
Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage
aphid) 41, 93, 106, 121, 135,

154, 159, 173, 195, 199, 212,
221, 233, 242, 254, 260, 312,
324, 360, 452, 454, 600, 624,
643, 687, 711, 743, 794, 849,
861, 913, 944

Brevipalpus lewisi (a citrus mite)

9
>

Bruchophagus sp. (a chalcid) 639

Bruchophagus gibbus (clover seed
chalcid) 15, 40, 98, 119, 161,
178, 597, 619, 663, 724, 740,
837, 866

Bruchus brachialis (vetch bruchid)
BI, 252, 269, 338,
356, 419, 486, 551, 620

= Io

Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil) 41,
WAS ak, SO, Cee Gils},
624

Bryobia sp. (a mite) 685

Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) 3,
OTe ey Sy CH, EO, 10M,
120, 121, 124, 138, 145, 175,
186, 214, 232, 238, 253, 256,
270; 305; 309), 339), (354) 357)
372, 377, 384, 405, 439, 453,
490, 508, 573, 621, 664, 707,
743, .758, 811, 816, 824,
829, 866, 946

Bucculatrix sp. (a lyonetiid) 874

Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak skele-

——tonizer) 200, 692

Bucculatrix thurberiella ( cotton

perforator ) 223, 515,

627, 647, 728, 746, 761, 780,
813, 839

Buprestis aurulenta (a buprestid)

Byturus sp. (a fruitworm) 881
Byturus bakeri (western raspberry
fruitworm) 180, 688

C

Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper)

Calendra sp. (a billbug) 20, 37,
158, 182, 202, 241, 391

Calendra callosa 158

Calendra parvulus 122, 661

Calendra phoeniciensis 12

calendua venatus vestita 461, 722,

Calepitrimerus baileyi (an apple
rust mite) 124
Caliroa sp. (a tenthredinid) 539
Caliroa cerasi (pear-slug) 25, 105,
TT Bea wes, GEG, GER, Geel,
642. 685, 725, 824, 866
Calligrapha sp. (a leaf beetle) 364
Calligrapha scalaris (elm calli-
grapha) 84, 539, 606
Calliphora vicina (a bluebottle fly)
ee

Calliptamus italicus (a grasshopper)

Callisto geminatella ( unspotted
tentiform leaf miner) 35, 162,
177, 340, 358, 396, 441, 463,
553, 574, 598, 664, 707, 712,
921, 944

Callitroga sp. (a calliphorid) 105

Callitroga hominivorax (screw-worm)
9, 84, 186, 197, 309, 345, 426,
446, 472, 540, 561, 584, 607,
629, 651, 672, 693, 714, 730,
748, 782, 796, 816, 828, 852,
898, 942

Calocalpe undulata (a moth) 628

Calomycterus setarius (a longhorn
weevi 165

Calosoma semilaeve (a carabid) 816

Cameraria cincinnatiella (gregarious
oak leaf miner) 606

Cameraria hamadryadella (solitary
oak leaf miner) 447, 606

Camnula pellucida (clear-winged
grasshopper) 24, 37, 118, 218,
241, 459, 503, 527, 528, 547,
567, 585, 593, 615, 635, 659,
679, 701, 823, 865

Campoletis perdistinctus (an ich-
neumoni

Camponotus sp. (an ant) 122, 181

Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvan-
— icus (black carpenter ant
B38, 514, 853

Camponotus laevigatus 384

Capitophorus sp. 154

Capitophorus ribis (currant aphid)

Mans lone, Seer

Capnodis miliaris (a flat-head borer)
mE OO)

Capnodis tenebrionis (a flat-head

meen bOren

Carpocapsa pomonella (codling moth)
10, 24, 35, 42, 82, 120, 124,
147, 162, 166, 178, 200, 204,
216, 219, 233, 242, 260, 312,
339, 357, 376, 395, 408, 419,
439, 453, 464, 489, 508, 532,
552, 574, 588, 598, 621, 641,
663, 685, 707, 725, 793, 810,
866, 912, 944

Carpophilus sp. (a corn sap beetle)

, 183, 199, 529, 569, 790

Carpophilus antiquus (a corn sap
beetle) 617

Carpophilus dimidiatus (corn sap
beetle) 104

Carpophilus hemipterus (dried-fruit
eetle

Carpophilus lugubris (dusky sap
beetle) 505, 549, 569, 595,
617, 637, 680, 702, 756, 772,
825, 911

Carpophilus sayi (a sap beetle) 505

Catocala viduata (a pecan catocala)

TMS DORN ae a

Cathartus quadricollis (square-
necked grain beetle) 594, 840
Caulocampus acericaulis (maple
petiole borer) 471
feeee archangelicae (an aphid)
5

Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm)
— 102, 568, 639, 660, 681, 703,

721, 738, 756, 773, 790, 847
Celerio lineata (white-lined sphinx)
25, 42, 122, 485, 549, 716,

749, 764 :
Centrinaspis spp. (weevils) 203,756
Cephalcia marginata (a sawfly) 163,
a

Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly)
619
Cephus pygmaeus (European wheat
Stem Sawfly) 34, 353
Cephus tabidus (black grain stem
Sawfly) 34, 183
Ceramica picta (zebra caterpillar)
, 178, 180, 576, 836, 933
Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean
Sp truitefly7>, 114) 135) 233,
260, 490, 575, 588, 685, 709,
743, 838, 849, 874, 896, 921,
930
Ceratomia catalpae (catalpa sphinx)
, 628, 671, 692, 729, 815,
828, 914
Cerceris nigrescens (a wasp) 345
Ceroplastes spp. (wax scales) 16, 94,
183, 185, 852
Ceroplastes ceriferus 17, 448, 827
Ceroplastes cirripediformis (bar-
nacle scale) 642
Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida
wax scale) 748
Ceroplastes rubens (red wax scale)

Ceroplastes rusci 260

Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf
beetle) 7, 99, 141, 184, 203,
270, 323, 342, 360, 378, 398,
417, 423, 463, 466, 487, 512,
552, 555, 595, 619, 640, 683,
704, 725, 913, 943, 944

Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage

~~ seedpod weevil) 122, 221, 341

Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma (turnip
ga weevi

Ceutorhynchus rapae (cabbage cur-
culio) 398, 442, 534

Chaetocnema sp. (a flea beetle) 452

Chaetocnema confinis (sweetpotato
flea beetle) 726

Chaetocnema denticulata (toothed
flea beetle) 555

Chaetocnema ectypa (desert corn flea
beetle) I7I, 417

Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea

— beetle) 34, 81, 102, 199, 202,
299, 335, 352, 436, 461, 504,

549, 617, 638,680, 702, 911,
943

Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea cur-
culio) 183, 184, 360, 380,
534, 555, 576, 838

Chalepus dorsalis (locust leaf
miner) 105, 163, 203, 404,
447, 538, 559, 582, 606, 628,
692, 914, 946

Chauliognathus sp. (a cantharid)

Chermes abietis (eastern spruce
gall aphid) 559, 851

Chermes cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall
aphid) 122, 126, 559, 747

Chermes nusslini (an aphid) 288

Chermes piceae (balsam woolly

~~ aphid) 144, 180, 277, 288,
308, 690

Chilo loftini (a stalk borer) 191

Chilo Suppressalis (Asiatic rice
orer

Chionaspis furfura (scurfy scale)

, 742
Chionaspis salicis-nigrae (a scale)
<7 ces \ ee bia? sel toe

Chionodes psiloptera (a gelechiid)
Chlorochroa spp. (stink bugs)
visi eo ont

Chlorachroa ligata (conchuela)
The Gt: aoe pas

Chlorochroa sayi (Say stink bug)
F 2, 581, 617, 682, 740,

866

Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce
budworm) 21, 121, 144, 180
277, 278, 286, 330, 382,
558, 628, 671, 692, 826

Choristoneura pinus (jack-pine
budworm) 21, 243, 278,287,330,
363, 403, 427, 469, 496, 517,
558, 628

Chorizagrotis sp. (a cutworm) 710

Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (army
cutworm) 36, 40, 75, 81, 97,
LS); L4G) Las elo, eas 2a,
251, 268, 299, 319, 338, 353,
371, 372, 393, 394, 485, 496,
505, 756, 865, 933

Chortophaga viridifasciata (green
meadow locust) 371

Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut
aphid) 5 ; 439, 573,
811

Chrysobothris femorata (flatheaded
apple tree borer) 84, 183

Chrysobothris mali (Pacific
flatheaded borer) 685

Chrysolina spp. (Klamathweed
beetles) 127, 181, 429, 448,
514

Chrysolina gemellata 123, 345, 473

Chrysolina hyperici 123

Chrysomela Spp.(leaf beetles) 364

Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red
Scale) 75, 114, 588, 795

Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus (a
scale 98

Chrysomphalus dictyospermum (dic-
tyopsermum Scale) 16, 260,
453

Chrysomphalus obscurus (obscure
scale :

Chrysomphalus tenebricosus (gloomy
scale) 16

Chrysomyza demandata (an otitid)

SSS ee

Chrysopa spp. (lacewings) 84, 164,
203, 327, 497, 514, 540, 607,
694, 715, 797, 809, 889

Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye

Iacewing) 797
Chrysops spp. (deer flies) 200,
519, 561, 584, 607, 914
Chrysops vittata 519

mbex americana (elm sawfly) 39,
came: +. jem a eee

- 16 -

Cimex lectularius (bed bug) 4, 186,
589, 673

Cinara spp. (aphids) 16, 121, 363,
605, 914

Cinara carolina 747

Cinara curvipes 308, 405

Cinara gentneri 255

Cinara piceicola 428, 470

Cinara schuhi 255

Cinara Strobi (white-pine aphid)
22, 145, 852

Cinara tujafilina 213, 428

Cinara watsoni 143, 538, 627

Cinara Winonkae 344

Cincticornia pilulae (an oak pill
ga 914

Cingilia catenaria (chain-spotted
geometer) 650

Circulifer tenellus (beet leaf-
hopper) 3, 16, 25, 41, 56,
58, 114, 136, 154, 173, 195,
221, 237, 270, 307, 360, 398,
424, 442, 466, 511, 556, 577,
600, 622, 644, 668, 760, 778,
795, 867, 907, 931, 941

Clastoptera aborina (a spittlebug)

5, 2 040, ea

Clastoptera osborni (a spittlebug)
7 =e O40l" Orbe Seen

Clastoptera undulata (a spittle-
bug) Il

Cleonus sp. (a weevil) 452

Cleonus punctiventris (beet weevil)
149

Cnephasia longana (onmiverous leaf
tier) 178, 341, 399, 423

Cnephasia virgaureana 934

Cnephia mutata (a black fly) 327,
914

Coccinella novemnotata (a lady
beetle

Coccinella septempunctata (a lady
eetle

Coccus hesperidum (soft scale)

19, 220, 260, 743, 852
Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (citricola
ae esCale
Colaspis sp. (a grape colaspis) 7,

» 438, 446, 463, 513, 521,
529, 552, 596
Colaspis pini (pine colaspis) 470
Coleomegilla fuscilabris (a lady
ee 203
Coleomegilla maculata 345
Coleophora LIaricella (larch case-
bearer) 3a1, 363, 403, 765,
780, 813

Coleophora limosipennella (elm
casebearer 5

Colias philodice eurytheme (alfalfa
caterpillar) 20, 23, 38, 40,
97, 103, 119, L785 218, 353,
373, 419, 438, 463, 488, 506,
531, 550, 572, 597, 619, 639,
663, 683, 704, 724, 757, 774,
809, 907

Colladonus geminatus (a leaf-
hopper) 374, 866

Collops sp. (a predator) 673

Collops quadrimaculatus 651

Collops vittatus I9I, 327

Colopha ulmicola (elm cockscomb
gall) 497

Compsus auricephalus (a snout
eetle

Conocephalus brevipennis (a grass-
hopper) 528, 701, 912

Conocephalus f. fasciatus 547, 912

Conoderus spp. (Wireworms) 380

Conoderus falli (southern potato
wireworm) 154, 422, 601

Conoderus lividus 380

Conoderus vesSpertinus (tobacco
Wireworm) 185, 380

Conophthorus corniperda (white-
pine cone beetle) 690

Conotelus mexicanus (a beetle) 852

Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum cur-
culio) 20, 5 , 82, 142,
159, 194, 200, 204, 205, 216,
242, 269, 305, 312, 322, 340,
358, 376, 396, 419, 440, 464,
489, 509, 532, 553, 574, 599,
621, 641, 664, 707, 912, 944

Contarinia pyrivora (pear midge)

“kg OC are ee

Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum

~_ midge) 549, 569, 790, 847

.Corthylus sp. (a bark beetle)
[ean (ols

Corythucha arcuata (oak lace bug)
, 606,
Corythucha celtidis (hackberry
ace bug
Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace
won pug) 163, 583, 629, 692
Corythucha cydoniae (hawthorn
ace bug » 448, 795
Corythylus columbianus (Columbian
timber beetle) 163, 826
Cossanus corticola (a bark beetle)
,
Cossula magnifica (pecan carpen-
terworm) 93, 172
Cotinis nitida (green june beetle)
, 104, 133, 182, 206, 212,
343, 464, 641, 793, 836,
887, 945
Cotinis texana (a scarabaeid)
8, 890
Crambus spp. (webworms) 123, 178,
——~T83, 200, 461, 483, 662,

738, 944
Crambus caliginosellus (corn root
webworm) 20, 104, 415, 483

Crambus tbpiarius (cranberry gird-

er) 251,003) ao
Crambus vulgivagellus (vagabond

crambus
Craponius inaequalis (grape cur-
culio
Crioceris asparagi (asparagus
beetle) 34, 121, 125, 173,

216, 343, 360, 378, 398, 422,
443, 467, 556, 576, 644, 745,
868, 913, 944

Crioceris duodecimpunctata

(spotted asparagus beetle) 34,

121, 125, 173, 360, 378, 398,
422, 443, 467, 556, 576, 644,
745, 868, 944

Croesus latitarsus (dusky birch

sawfly

Crymodes devastator (glassy cut-
worm ; > ATS 2a,
528, 773

Cryptaspidiotus shastae (a cedar
Scale Rey my s))

Cryptococcus fagi (beech scale)
7. aay = aed

Ctenicera glauca (a wireworm) 124

= 2 -
Ctenicera noxia (Great Basin

Wireworm) 124
Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea)
> , 186, 472
Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)
; , 186, 472, 608, 730,
748, 763
Cuclotogaster heterographus
(chicken head louse) 898
Culex spp. (mosquitoes) 6, 164,
236, 261, 402
Culex erraticus 584
Culex pilosus 650
Culex pipens (northern house
mosquito) 327, 497, 714, 748
Culex quinquefasciatus (southern
house mosquito) 327, 497,
584,650, 693
Culex restuans 519
Culex salinarius 94, 650
Culex Stigmatasoma 497, 693
Culex taeniorhynchus 116
Culex tarsalis 100, 327, 402, 405,
446, 519, 560, 584, 693, 714,

782, 796
Culex territans 519
Culicoides spp. (Sand flies) 540
Culiseta spp. (mosquitoes) 145,
ESO S25)
Culiseta inornata 327, 446, 828
Curculio proboscideus (large chest-
nut weevil) 105
Cyclocephala spp. (chafers) 206
Cyclocephala borealis (northern
masked chafer) 99, 212, 756,
773, 946
Cyclocephala pasadenae (a chafer)

Cylas formicarius elegantulus

(Sweetpotato weevil) 8, 76,
136, 234, 324, 493, 778, 825,
930

Cylindrocopturus spp. (weevils) 285

Cylindrocopturus eatoni 286

Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic
Oak weevil) 163, 344, 559,
629, 781, 914, 946

Cyrtopeltis minimus (suckfly) 398

Cyrtopeltis varians (a tomato
suckfly) 491

Dacus cucurbitae (melon fly) 16,

—— hz his PRPS | Sey!

Dacus oleae (olive fruit fly) 135,

260, 588, 599

Dacus tryoni (Queensland fruit fly)
43

Dasyneura vaccinii (a tipworm) 665

Datana sp. (a notodontid) 861

Datana integerrima (walnut cater-
pillar) 82, 105, 200, 509,
553, 574, 606, 622, 628, 642,
665, 671, 686, 692, 709, 726,
743, 758, 776, 914

Datana ministra (yellow-necked ca-
terpillar) 80, 120, 121, 622,
628, 641, 665, 726, 758, 810,
914 :

Datana robusta 931

Deloyala guttata (mottled tortoise
— beetle) 184, 825

Deloyala vittata 533

Dendroctonus spp. (turpentine
beetles) 427, 713

Dendroctonus approximatus (Colorado
pine beetle

Dendroctonus arizonicus (Arizona
pine beetle) 282

Dendroctonus barberi (Southwestern
pine beetle) 282

Dendroctonus borealis (Alaska

"spruce beetle) 283

Dendroctonus brevicomis (western
pine beetle) 174, 280, 851

Dendroctonus convexifrons (round-
headed pine beetle) 282

Dendroctonus engelmanni (Engelmann
Spruce beetle) 278, 279

Dendroctonus frontalis (southern
pine beetle) 16, 104, 160,
185, 213, 274, 278, 282, 402,
670, 690, 729, 814, 827, 888

Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Jeffrey

pine beetle) 280, 671, 864
Dendroctonus monticolae (mountain
pine beetle) 174, 181, 277,

278, 280, 289, 691

Dendroctonus obesus (Sitka-spruce
beetle) 283

Dendroctonus ponderosae (Black Hills
eetle) 42, 281, 495

Dendroctonus pSeudotsugae (Douglas-

fir beetle) 180, 277, 279,
325, 495

Dendroctonus simplex (eastern larch
beetle) 145

Dendroctonus terebrans (black
turpentine beetle) 104, 143,
160, 196, 213, 275, 283, 308,
382, 495, 583, 728, 780, 814,
826, 862, 941

Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine

a YG)

beetle) 174, 605, 671
Dermacentor spp. (ticks) 309, 519
Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky

Mountain wood tick) 540, 868,

934
Dermacentor variabilis (American

dog tick) 100, 163, 244, 345,

365, 383, 427, 446, 498, 519,

540, 561, 584, 630, 915, 945
Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite)

“163, 630
Dermatobia hominis (human bot fly)

Dermestes maculatus (hide beetle)
186, 404, 876

Derobrachus geminatus (a longhorn
beetle) 584

Deroceras reticulatum (gray garden

Se)

Desmia funeralis (grape leaf folder

er
Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworms)
637, 703

Diabrotica balteata (banded cucum-
ber beetle) 596, 704, 778

Diabrotica longicornis (northern
corn rootworm) 37, 102, 161,
202, 505, 529, 637, 661, 703,
773, 809

Diabrotica speciosa (cucurbit

- beetle

Diabrotica undecimpunctata (western
spotted cucumber beetle) 179,
180, 191, 551, 637, 682

Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi
(spotted cucumber beetle) 37,
42, 153, 154, 159, 161, 162,
171, 184, 191, 303, 2357, 361,
393, 466, 492, 493, 512, 507,
529, 569, 578, 637, 642, 667,
682, 687, 703, 710, 726, 795,
809, 838, 848, 861, 907, 913

Diabrotica virgifera (western corn
rootworm) 37, 40, 637

Dialeurodes chittendeni (rhodenden-
dron whitefly) 403

Dialeurodes citri (citrus
whitefly) 55

Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm)

,
Paphi nitidalis (pickleworm)
5 , 578, 600, 687
726, 778, 795, 839, 912
Dia phenomenal femorata (walking-
Stick) 294, 331, 559, 628,
649, 692, 747
Diaspis carueli (juniper scale)
p 88
Diatraea crambidoides (southern
cornstalk borer) 183, 505,
528, 568, 756, 823, 836,

907, 944
Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane
borer) 7, 302, 436, 529,

636, 773, 790, 929
Dichocrocis _Dunctiferalis (yellow

peac p

Dichomeris Bene nalts (juniper
webworm ,

Dikraneura absenta (a leafhopper)
25

Dikraneura carneola (a leafhopper)

3

,

Dioryctria zimmermani (Zimmerman
pine moth) 22, 80, 496, 649,

852
Diprion similis (introduced pine
Sawfly) 22, 728
Dissosteira carolina (Carolina
grasshopper) 093, 635
Ditylenchus destructor (potato rot
nematode) 242, 778

Dociostaurus moroccanus (Moroccan

Tocust)

Dolycoris paccarum (a pentatomid)

Draeculacephala minerva (a leaf-
hopper) 848

Drepanaphis acerifoliae (painted

maple aphid) 428, 763, 796,
914

Drepanoptera femoratum (a grass-—

hopper) 823
Drosophila spp. (vinegar flies)
122, 199, 512, 744,777, 913
Drosophila melanogaster 793, 867
Dryocoetes confusus (western
balsam bark beetle) 285
Dynastes tityus (a rhinoceros

beetle) 164

E

Earias insulana (spiny bollworm)

313, 314, 408, 453
Echidnophaga gallinacea (stick-
— tight flea) 186

Edwardsiana rosae (rose leafhopper)
Elaphidion villosum (twig pruner)
PI SE ee a

Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser
cornstalk borer) 158, 323,
417, 443, 513, 529, 617, 704,
721, 742, 757, 772, 848
Elasphia chalcedonia (a noctuid)
407, 823
Eleodes spp. (false wireworms)
, 81, 99, 146, 299, 319,393
Eleodes opaca (plains false wire-
worm) 267, 319, 353
Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers) 8, 93,
, 154, 232; 252, 354, 395,
508, 575, 666, 688, 727, 778
Empoasca abrupta 222
Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper)
y o4nmos, SL, 99), Los; P1335
139, 162, 177, 183, 192, 198,
201, 202, 204, 216, 240, 339,
342, 355, 374, 395, 399, 418,
437, 442, 461, 465, 488, 491,
508, 511, 531, 533, 550, 553,
554, 571, 575, 596, 602, 619,
623, 638, 644, 662, 666, 683,
686, 706, 710, 725, 742, 744,
756, 774, 791, 810, 825, 836,
860, 887, 895, 912, 934, 944,

Empoasca filamenta 120, 554, 575,
Don SS ELI
Empoasca lybica (cotton jassid)

Endelomyia aethiops (rose-slug)

Endria inimica (painted leaf-
hopper) 98, 554

Endrosis lactella (a grain moth)

eee La

Ennomos subsignarius (elm spanworm)
3, 671
Eotetranychus carpini 200
Eotetranychus carpini borealis
(yellow spider mite) 776
Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (six-
Spotted mite) 114, 220
Eotetranychus weldoni 868
Fotetranychus willamettei 253,866
Fotetranychus yumensis 195, 221,
Tu ERR SRR!

Ephestia cautella (almond moth)
mmm 5)

Epicauta spp. (blister beetles)
5 7, 81, 99, 103, 119, 507,
531, 552, 555, 572, 619, 623,
639, 663, 666, 683, 687, 704,
740, 791
Epicauta bispinosa 10
Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister
beetle) 487, 507, 531
Epicauta immaculata 82
Epicauta pennSylvanica (black
blister beetle)20, 740, 744, 774
Epicauta pestifera (margined
ster beetle) 572, 639,
666, 687
Epidiaspis piricola (Italian pear
~— scale)
Epilachna borealis (squash beetle)
"QL O 4m lace Ts

Epilachna chrysomelina (melon
beetle) 260, 452

Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean
beetle) 35, 41, 99, 106, 159
162, 166, 182, 199, 205, 216,
342, 378, 398, 423, 442, 466,
492, 512, 535, 555," 571, 575;
599, 619, 624, 640, 645, 661,
665, 682, 687, 705, 710, 725,
W27, £45; 160), 774. WS, Cols
795, 824, 837, 838, 849, 867,
913, 945

Epilohmannia sp. (a mite) 212

Epinotia meritana (fir needle
miner

Episimus argutanus (a leaf roller)

Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite)
—

, 64
Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea
beetle) 38, 162, 205, 242,

312, 361, 399, 422, 441, 466,
491, 510, 533, 534, 555, 575,
602, 643, 666, 687, 710, 744,
“17, 913, 945

Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea
beetle) 107, 136, 155, 160,
184, 196, 271, 307, 343, 361,
380, 400, 425, 444, 467, 493,
513, 536, 579, 627, 645, 668,
711, 812, 913, 945

Epitrix subcrinita (western potato
flea beetle) 361, 510, 534,
643, 710

Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle)
41, 125, 726

Epochra canadensis (currant fruit
fly) 180, 323, 866

Eriococcus azaleae (azalea bark
Scale) 156, 274, 382, 448,
827, 898

Eriophyes pyri (pear leaf blister
mite) 120, 124, 172, 179,
305, 358, 396, 439, 553, 573,
725, 743, 776, 824, 866

Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm
aphid) 84, 428, 470, 496,
518, 868

Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple
aphi ; , 82, 122, 124,
183, 339, 364, 376, 396, 408,
421, 439, 470, 489, 588, 598,
664, 707, 793, 810, 837, 840,
849, 866

Eriosoma rileyi (a woolly aphid)

Eritettix spp. (a grasshopper)
mma (:)e

Eritettix tricarinatus (a grass-

hopper) 391
Erythroneura spp. 10, 25, 358,
8

,
Erythroneura basilaris 344
Erythroneura dumosa 344
Erythroneura elegans 868
Erythroneura elegantula 219, 685
Erythroneura variabilis 219
Erythroneura ziczac (Virginia-
creeper leafhopper) 25, 126
868
Esselenia vanduzeei (a grasshopper)

Essigella pini (an aphid) 143

Estigmene acrea (salt-marsh cater-
pillar) 173, 223, 463, 619,
626, 705, 760, 778, 813, 839

Etiella zinckenella (lima-bean pod
orer

Eucosma gloriola (an olethreutid)
177

Eucosma sonomana 22

Euetheola rugiceps (sugarcane
beetle) IOI, 133, 141, 183,
302, 320, 335, 351, 372, 505

Eumerus tuberculatus (lesser bulb

y) 41, 328, 341, 601, 650
Euphyllura olivina (olive psylla)
eens 2 ee

Eurydema ornatum (a pentatomid)

Sen tt er

Eurydema ventrale (a penatomid)

Eurygaster integriceps (senn pest)
) , , , 588

Eurytetranychus buxi (a spider
mite

Eurytoma amygdali (almond nut
borer) 453

Eurytoma plotnikovi (a pistachio
nut borer

Euschistus spp. (stink bugs) 269,
493, 510, 777

Euschistus bifibulus 534

Euschistus euschistoides 107

Euschistus impictiventris 269,
485, S81

Euschistus servus (brown stink
bug) 158, 205, 231, 339,
398, 400, 422, 425, 444, 468,

493, 825
Euschistus tristigmus (dusky
Stink bug) 205, 339, 397, 420
Euschistus variolarius (one-spot
Stink bug) 205, 339, 726
Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chigger)
163, 730

Euura californica (willow leaf

gall sawfly) 126

Euxoa spp. (cutworms) 338

Euxoa detersa 98, 528

Euxoa ochrogaster (red-backed

cutworm , £23, 178, 933

Euzophera ostricolorella (a root

"collar borer) 155

Evergestis pallidata (purple-
backed cabbageworm) 667, 687

Exoteleia pinifoliella (pine
needle miner)289, 331

F

Fannia canicularis (little house
fly) 84, 126, 175

Faronta diffusa (wheat head
armyworm) 483

Fascista cercerisella (a leaf
roller

Feltia sp. (a cutworm) 162, 322
415, 809

Feltia subgothica (dingy cutworm)
02, 116, 268, 322, 415,
430, 450, 474, 475, 500, 549,
520, 521, 541, 542, 568, 594,

172, 947
Feltia subterranea (granulate
cutworm) 5, 18, 33, 57, 78,

95, 138, 257, 176, 1945215);
237.2005 1206, 5oL0, 9a29,
346, 366, 387, 407, 441,
740, 887, 889, 900, 909,
923, 932, 942

Fenusa dohrnii (European alder
leaf miner) 671

Fenusa pusilla (birch leaf miner)

44, 365, 382, 428, 447, 471,

650, 671

Fenusa ulmi (elm leaf miner)
471, 517

Fiorinia externa (a scale) 815,

Fiorinia theae 8, 156, 174, 235,
326, 362, 781, 827

Forda olivacea (a root aphid) 15

Forficula auricularia (European
earwig) 120, 367, 473, 514,
561, 584, 630, 651, 673, 694,
731, 749, 868

Formica exsectoides (Allegheny

“mound ant) 748

Frankliniella spp. 10, 11, 160,

’ » 487

Frankliniella fusca (tobacco
thrips) 363, 493, 531

Frankliniella moultoni 321, 324

Frankliniella occidentalis 115,

Frankliniella tenuicornis 104
Frankliniella tritici (flower
thrips) 497, 505, 570
Frankliniella vaccinii 312
Fuscuropoda agitanS (an earthworm
mite) 186, 367, 731, 749

Galerucella xanthomelaena (elm
leaf beetle) 25, 35, 80,
105, 121, 143, 144, 200,
203, 332, 428, 447, 454,
471, 518, 538, 559, 582,
606, 628, 650, 672, 692,
713, 729, 748, 796, 914, 946

Galleria mellonella (greater

wax mot 5
Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse
bot fly)

Geocoris spp. (big-eyed bugs)
, 630, 673), 694, 75, 7308
749
Geocoris bullatus 123, 473
Geocoris decoratus 275
Geocoris punctipes 853
Getulasphis bupleuri (a scale)

Glischrochilus sp. (a nitidulid)

Glischrochilus fasciatus (a corn
Sap beetle) 569

Gnathamitermes tubiformans (a
termite)

Gnathocerus cornutus (broad-
horned flour beetle) 260

Gnathocerus maxillosus 828

Gnorimoschema ocellatella (a
Sugarbeet crown borer) 452

Gnorimoschema heliopa (tobacco
stem borer

Gnorimoschema operculella (potato
tuberworm) 184, 197, 222,
260, 524, 577, 651, 694,
794, 812, 849, 867

Gossyparia spuria (European elm
scale) 12, 25, 39, 99, 121,
147, 243, 447, 470, 518,
539

Gracilaria azaleella (azalea leaf
miner) 629, 781, 914

Gracilaria syringella (lilac leaf
miner ; , 672, 693),
934

Graphognathus spp. (white-fringed
beetles) 232, 255, 302, 326,
400, 435, 485, 572, 738, 774,
836, 861, 930

Grapholitha conversana (a clover
bud caterpillar) 531

Grapholitha interstinctana (clover
head caterpillar) 336, 395

Grapholitha molesta (oriental
fruit moth) 35, 120, 142,
159, 166, 179), 183) /205,)'2160m
219, 357, 377, 397, 420, 440,
464, 490, 509, 532, 553, 574,
598, 642, 663, 685, 707, 729,
776, 838, 912, 934, 944

Grapholitha packardi (cherry
fruitworm) 533, 866

Gryllotalpa spp. (mole crickets)
453, 589

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpha 260

Haemolaelaps megaventralis (a
Taelaptid mite) 186, 673
Haematopinus eurysternus (short-
nosed cattle Iouse) 39, 174
Haematopinus quadripertusus
(cattle tail Louse) 94
Haematopinus suis (hog louse)

>
Halisidota argentata (an arctiid)
MOOT mw.

Halisidota harrisii (sycamore
tussock moth) 559, 692, 914

Halisidota ingens (a tussock moth)

asec

Halticus bracteatus (garden flea-
hopper DDO OVO) Oo),
722, 795, 945

Haplotinea ditella (a grain moth)

~~ YA a

Harmolita tritici (wheat joint-
worm) 203, 773

Harpalus rufipes (a carabid) 934

Harrisina americana (grape leaf
skeletonizer) 183, 509

Harrisina brillians (western grape
Teaf skeletonizer) 10, 621,
726, 788, 866

Heliothis spp. (budworms) 343,
367, 371, 381, 400, 415, 424,
425, 445, 468, 484, 493, 494,
511, 516, 537, 557, 581, 603,
625, 646, 669, 689, 711, 727,
745, 760, 780, 813

Heliothis armigera (a bollworm)

Heliothis phloxiphaga 180, 441,

MF TOLoe ee

Heliothis virescens (tobacco
pudworm) 5, 8, 142, 157, 160,
184, 215, 237, 271, 276, 307,
343, 362, 366, 380, 387, 399,
407, 430, 444, 450, 467, 474,
475, 493, 500, 514, 520, 521,
536, 541, 542, 561, 562, 579,
587, 602, 609, 631, 632, 653,
668, 669, 674, 693, 695, 696,
717, 732, 750, 766, 784, 798,
818, 830, 945

Heliothis zea (bollworm, corn
earworm, tomato fruitworm)
5) 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 24, 25,
33, 40, 41, 57, 78, 81, 82,
83, 95, 98, 101, 102, 104,
106, 116, 118, 124, 138, 141,
142, 147, 157, 158, 159, 160,
161, 162, 176, 183, 185, 194,
199, 202, 204, 205, 215, 216,
218, 222, 233, 237, 241, 254,
256, 276, 310, 312, 329, 335,
346, 361, 366, 378% 391, 398,
407, 415, 421, 422, 430, 436,
442, 450, 459, 464, 474, 475,
484, 500, 503, 511, 520, 521,
528, 533, 541, 542, 548, 561,
562, 568, 587, 594, 609, 616,
623, 631, 632, 636, 639, 644,
653, 660, 666, 669, 674, 680,
695, 696, 703, 709, 717, 721,
732, 737, 745, 750, 755, 758,
766, 771, 773, 778, 784, 790,
791, 795, 798, 808, 809, 812,
818, 823, 825, 830, 835, 838,
842, 847, 849, 854, 863, 867,
874, 877, 889, 900, 909, 911,
912, 923, 943, 944, 945, *387

Hellula rogatalis (cabbage web-
worm

Hemerocampa leucostigma (white-
marked tussock moth) 243,
559, 746, 898, 914

= leo

Hemerocampa pseudotsugata (Douglas-—
ussock moth) 121, 255,
277, 290, 604, 649
Hemerocampa vetusta (western
tussock moth) 219, 221, 441
Hemileuca maia (buck moth) 473,

Hercothrips fasciatus (bean thrips)
3
,
Hermetia illucens (a soldier fly)
Fe ATS

?
Heterocampa guttivitta (saddle
prominen » 243, 293
Heterocampa manteo (variable oak
leaf caterpillar) 22, 36, 105,
293, 671, 747, 827, 914
Heterococcus graminicola (a mealy-

bug 4, 5
Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst
nematode) 101, 194, 212, 305,

395, 438, 486, 573, 683, 706,
725, 741, 775, 810, 824, 887,
896, 930
Heterodera rostochiensis (golden
nematode) 812, 838, 945
Hippelates collusor (an eye gnat)
174

Hippiscus californicus (a grass-
hopper) 319
Hippodamia spp. (lady beetles)

40, 514, 561, 584, 783
Hippodamia convergens (convergent
Iady beetle) 75, 84, 98,

191, 203, 214, 327, 345, 561,
oe), Tals lS, weed
Hippodamia parenthesis (a lady
bee 5
Holcostathus sphacelatus (a pen-
tatomid) 452
Homadaula albizziae (mimosa web-
worm) 35, 80, 143, 163, 185,
518, 539, 559, 582, 606, 650,
672, 713, 729, 747, 780, 796,
815, 908, 914, 946
Homalodisca triquetra (a leaf-
hopper) 378
Homoeosoma electellum (sunflower
moth) 706, 724, 824
Hoplocampa testudinea (European
apple Sawfly) 35, 200, 216
Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wire-
worm) 158, 529
Horogenes punctorius (an European
corn borer parasite) 715
Hyalopterus arundinis (mealy plum
aphi D
Hyalopteroides dactylidis (an
aphi 6, >
Hydrellia griseola v. scapularis
eat miner) 48
Hydroecia micacea (potato stem
borer Z
Hylastinus obscurus (clover root
borer) 104, 198, 204, 339,
356, 375, 640, 724
Hylemya spp. (root maggots) 159,
379, 492, 534
Hylemya antiqua (onion maggot) 21,
, 121, 125, 145, 166, 180,
242, 307, 341, 379, 442, 398,
423, 467, 492, 512, 534, 556,
576, 601, 623, 645, 668, 688,
711, 727, 760
Hylemya brassicae (cabbage maggot)
, 41, 121, 159, 162, 184,
199, 312, 360, 423, 442, 466,
492, 512, 534, 576, 600
Hylemya cerealis (a wheat stem
maggo
Hylemya cilcrura (seed-corn maggot)
T1, 20, 40, 41, 82, 104, 106,
142, 165, 173, 177, 180, 184,
199, 203, 271, 307, 312, 319,
341, 379, 401, 435, 443, 445,
534, 601, 867, 907
Hylemya coarctata (wheat bulb fly)
903
Hylemya floralis (turnip maggot)
145

Hylemya iupini (a lupine maggot)
153

Hylobius spp. (weevils) 285

Hylobius pales (pales weevil) 104,

~~ 143, 144, 177, 285, 286, 365,
382, 470, 538, 729, 862

Hylobius radicis (pine root collar
weevi

Hylotrupes bajulus (old-house
orer) 18, 95, 106, 164, 186,
764, 889, 946

Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian
alfalfa weevil) 153, 172,
194, 218

Hypera meles (a clover weevil)
,

Hypera nigrirostris (lesser clover
leaf weevil) 103, 119, 158,
194, 201, 204, 303, 321, 356,
375, 393, 419, 437, 462, 506,
551, 793, 944

Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil)
23;malyme4, 38), 40), 75), 93),
98, 104, 118, 124, 161, 171,
177, 178, 182, 192, 198, 204,
211, 218, 232, 251, 267, 303,
321, 337, 356, 374, 393, 408,
419, 438, 452, 462, 486, 506,
530, 550, 571, 588, 595, 639,
662, 683, 724, 740, 774, 823,
860, 866, 873, 911, 943

Hypera punctata (clover leaf
weevil) 103, 104, 119, 141,
146, 153, 157, 165, 172, 183,
194, 201, 211, 232, 241, 267,
303, 321, 338, 356, 375, 419,
463, 487, 823, 848, 860

Hyphantria cunea (fall. webworm) 7,

Sp ep ep ey, MOR, Weal alee,
159, 160, 162, 203, 243, 421,
441, 509, 517, 533, 538, 553,
582, 599, 628, 642, 665, 672,
685, 692, 709, 714, 729, 761,
776, 825, 914

Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs) 39,
100, 115, 147, 163, 197, 201,
309, 402, 852, 876, 899, 908

Hypoderma bovis (northern cattle
grub) 122, 401, 868

Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle
grub) 57, 83, 105, 122, 203,
274, 327, 607, 868, 945

Hypsopygia costalis (clover hay-
worm

Hysteroneura setariae (rusty plum
aphid) 274, 308, 326, 439

Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion
scale) 75, 94, 172, 212, 220,
255, 260, 270, 378, 517, 556,
588, 827, 874

Ichthyura inclusa (poplar tent
Brit er

Idiocerus stali (pistachio
Teafhopper) 453

Idiostatus sp. (a cricket) 24, 549

Ips spp. (engraver beetles) 77, 94,

~~ 104, 143, 196, 283, 746,
862, 946

Ips avulsus 84, 213, 284, 427,

7) ekBR GH

Ips calligraphus 84, 213, 284,

,
Ips confusus 284

Ips grandicollis 84, 213, 284,

583,

Ips interpunctus 278, 284

Ips Iecontei 284

oregoni 180, 283

pini (pine engraver) 160, 177,
200, 826

radiatae 94

Irbisia sp. (a plant bug) 463, 507
Tsotoma subviridis (a springtail)
ar Boe ae
Isotomurus palustris (a spring-
tail)
Itonida balsamicola (balsam gall
midge) 243, 827
Itonida viticola (a gall miuge)
2
Ixodes pacificus (a tick) 908
Ixodes ricinus scapularis (black-

Tegged tick) 84, 862

Janetiella coloradensis (a pine

bud gall midge) 605

K

Kalotermes minor (a termite) 651
Kermes spp. (Scales) 497

Kermes galliformis 827

Kermes pubescens 84, 497, 518

L

Labidura riparia (an earwig) 731
Labopidea allii (onion plant bug)
Hig os Pier

Lacinipolia renigera (bristly
cutworm) 338, 353

Laelius trogodermatis (a bethylid)
309

Laemophloeus sp. (a cucujid) 853

Laemophloeus pusillus (flat grain

e) 83, 103, 261

Laetilia sp. (a phycitid) 186

Lampetia equestris (narcissus
bulb fly) 122, 403

Lampides boeticus (a lycaenid)

Laphygma exigua (beet armyworm)
LED pal, 1222, 2605, 324,
363, 371, 401, 417, 426, 445,
452, 453, 469, 494, 491, 505,
569, 637, 663, 683, 684, 724,
757, 774, 809
‘Laphygma frugiperda (fall army-
WORM). D;, GO; MLO, cLL, 33, 34;
57, 78, 81, 95, 98, 106, 141,
147, 158, 183,°199), 221, 231,
256, 257, 276, 310, 329, 346,
435, 459, 500, 503, 528, 535,
549, 561, 562, 568, 570, 587,
594, 609, 616, 631, 632, 636,
637, 653, 660, 674, 681, 695,
696, 702, 717, 722, 732, 738,
750, 755; 758; 766, 771, 777,
784, 789, 798, 808, 809, 818,
823, 830, 835, 842, 847, 854,
859, 863, 877, 889, 900, 907,
909, 911, 943
Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette
ee
Lasioptera vitis (a gall midge)
ieey CG eam

Lasius claviger claviger (an
ant

Lasius interjectus (larger yellow
an 5

Lasius occidentalis (an ant) 853

2730

Lasius umbratus (an ant) 605
LaspeyresSia nigricana (pea moth)
Geerwcor ak ie

Latheticus oryzae (a grain beetle)

ne

Latrodectus mactans (black widow
Spider) 42, 122, 148, 163,
365, 915, 945

Lecanium spp. (scales) 358

[ecanium corni (European fruit
Tecanium) 3, 22, 213, 219,
340, 344, 396, 599, 664

Lecanium fletcheri (Fletcher
scale) 421, 464

Lecanium persicae (European peach
Scale) 120

Lecanium pruinosum (a frosted
Scale) 219, 340

Lecanium quercifex (an oak scale)
185, ,

Lema trilineata (three-lined
potato beetle) 360, 511, 554,
577, 601, 794

Leperisinus californicus (a bark
beetle

Lepidoglyphus destructor (a
grain mite) 33.

Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale)

5 » 220, 260, 453

Lepidosaphes camelliae (camellia

Scale) 156

Lepidosaphes ficus (fig scale)

Lepidosaphes gloverii (Glover
Scale) 453

Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell

~~seale) 99, 121, 255, 274,
312, 383, 403, 447, 518,
781, 946

Lepisma saccharina (silverfish)

— 164,

Leptinotarsa decemlineata
(Colorado potato beetle) 21,
35, 41, 106, 120, 125, 159,
162, 173, 180, 184, 233, 242,
270, 307, 342, 360, 378, 398,
422, 442, 465, 491, 510, 534,
554, 577, 623, 643, 666, 687,
710, 867, 913, 934, 944

Leptocoris trivittatus (boxelder
bug) 80, 95, 122, 157, 164,
238, 275, 309, 328, 367, 473,
764, 829, 853, 889, 915, 946

Leptoglossus phyllopus (leaf-
ooted bug) 399, 740, 839

Leptopterna dolabratus (meadow
pian ug

Leptopterna ferrugatus (a mirid)

~ oT SOOT 80g) Sanne

Ligyrus gibbosus (carrot beetle)
, 148, 915

Limax spp. (garden slugs) 162

Limax maximus (spotted garden

slug) 323, 825, 913

Limonius spp. (wireworms) 36,
1G), 267 903195453

Limonius agonus (eastern field
Wireworm) 353

Limonius californicus (sugarbeet
Wireworm) 124, 251

Limonius canus (Pacific Coast
Wireworm) 341

Limothrips cerealium (grain
thrips

Limothrips denticornis (a barley
thrip)

Linognathus setosus (dog sucking
louse) 163

Linognathus vituli (long-nosed
cattle ITouse) 39, 174

Liothrips oleae (olive thrips)

0
Lipeurus caponis (wing louse)

Liposcelis divinatorius (a book
Touse) 83, 164

Liriomyza spp. (leaf miners) 10,
, 35, 56, 115, 195, 222,
555, 742, 778, 913
Liriomyza brassicae 709, 913
Uirlomyza guytoni 556
Liriomyza Iangei (pea leaf
miner
Liriomyza propepusilla 945
Lissorhoptrus orysophilus (rice
water weevil) 417, 435, 549
Listroderes costirostris
iquus (vegetable weevil)
, 8, 10,.76,,114, le yetan
142, 136, 155, 159, 173, 184,
195, 196, 212, 213, 254, 307,
324, 362, 380, 381, 394, 425,
468, 512, 838, 945
Listronotus oregonensis (carrot
weevi
Lithocolletis sp. (a leaf miner)

,
Lithophane sp. (a green fruit-
worm) 163
Lixus concavus (rhubarb cur-
culio) 35, 424, 576
Lobesia botrana (vine moth) 453,
588,
Lobiopa insularis (a sap beetle)
> 7, 136, 380, 424
Longistigma caryae (a hickory
aphi 162
Longitarsus waterhousei (a mint
eetle
Loxagrotis albicosta (western
bean cutworm) Il, 118, 121,
624, 777
Loxostege spp. (webworms) 82, 394,
551, 570, 597, 620, 639,

652, 724
Loxostege commixtalis (alfalfa
webworm) 10, 24, 40, 81, 97,

419, 556, 683, 705, 724
Loxostege similalis (garden
“_ webworm) 7, 38, 97, 103, 141,
516, 531, 549, 570, 579, 597,
639, 662, 682, 705, 740, 744,
774, 793, 809} 824) 911
Loxostege sticticalis (beet web-
worm) 40, 99, 121, 124, 492,
511, 508, 556, 576, 597, 600,
644, 668, 688, 839, 933
Luetilla coccidivora (a ’ phycitid)

Lyctus spp. (powder post beetles)
B80, 166

Lydella grisescens (a parasite)

~ ) 2405 S00 me

Lygus spp. (lygus bugs) 20, 23,
25, 178, 218, 219, 222, 269,
355, 395, 418, 463, 487, 494,
507, 530, 551, 581, 585, 639,
682, 746, 757, 774, 791, 849

pyeus desertus 865
Tgeus elisan 2Us LY pelo aa.
er Sar 355, 360, 418, 487,
507, seit 572, 597, 604, 620,
662, 667, 682, 706, 865, 867

Lygus hesperus 10, 11, 1295 2225
124, >, 355, 379, 463, 487,
507, 551, 572, 597, 604, 620,
662, 667, 682, 706, 765, 865

Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant
bug) 97, 103, 105, 192, 199,
200, 201, 205, 241, 253, 269,
270, 303, 312, 321, 322, 338,
339, 355, 357, 367, 374, 3955
397, 418, 420, 424, 438, 463,
466, 487, 491, 507, 530, 533,
551, 555, 572, 581, 597, 620,
639, 662, 667, 682, 706, 707,
723, 774, 810, 812, 837, 849,
859, 887, 895, 907, 912, 944

Lygus nigrosognatus 269

Lymantria manacha (nun moth) 227,

Macrocentrus ancylivorus (a
parasite) 934

Macrodacylus subspinosus (rose
chafer) 162, 244, 428, 471,
497, 518, 539, 560, 578, 629

Macronoctua onusta (iris borer)

Macropsis fumipennis (a leaf-
hopper) 539
Macrosiphum spp. (aphids) 602
MacroSiphum barri (a lettuce
meAphia)mlolems22 0423
Macrosiphum dirhodum 231
MacroSiphum granarium (English
grain aphid) 20, 24, 41, 118,
203, 201, 241, 267, 299) 319),
335, 351, 372, 415, 435, 461,
485, 505, 529, 549, 569, 595,
617, 638, 637, 704, 847, 861,
866, 873, 921
Macrosiphum liriodendri (tuliptree
aphid)
Macrosiphum pisi (pea aphid) 7, 10,
= , 34, 38, 40, 41, 81,
Or, IOs), asle)p aIPALe aye aie Yair
TA LAte we ltos Loo) 16 16.5),
lis), 82. LOT T9sF 199)
201, 203), 204, 211, 216, 218,
232, 241; 251; 268, 305, 312,
321, 337, 354, 360, 373, 394,
398, 417, 423, 437, 443, 462,
467, 486, 493, 506, 513, 530,
535, 550, 555, 571, 577, 588,
596, 599, 619, 624, 638, 643,
661, 682, 706, 722, 740, 757,
774, 790, 794, 810, 837, 848,
860, 865, 873, 887, 895, 896,
911, 933, 944, 945
Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) 126,
yzoo, 326, 781, 914
Macrosiphum solani 602, 727
Macrosiphum solanifolii (potato
" aphid) 41, 42, 106, 125, 242,
379, 422, 441, 465, 491, 554,
577, 602, 622, 643, 666, 686,
710, 727, 744, 812, 868, 897,
913, 945
Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted
Teafhopper) 41, 42, 102, 242,
338, 355, 374, 395, 418, 437,
443, 461, 487, 493, 500, 512,
534, 554, 575, 602, 620, 622,
623, 644, 666, 682, 727, 777,
781, 867, 933
Magicicada septendecim (periodical
cicada 5 , 340, 377,
396, 421, 440, 464, 489, 491,
496, 510, 518, 553, 606, 944
Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars)
> 120, 292, 496, 538
Malacosoma americanum (eastern
caterpillar 35, 105,
114, 138, 155, 160, 163, 196,
235, 274, 305, 323, 326, 340,
344, 364, 383, 403, 428, 440,
538, 913, 946
Malacosoma disstria (forest tent
caterpillar) 21, 243, 278,
292, 308, 330, 364, 382, 447,
496, 538, 628, 671, 868
Malacosoma fragilis (Great Basin
tent caterpillar) 42, 270,
292, 344, 364, 403, 496, 868
Malacosoma pluviale (western tent
caterpillar) 308, 382, 440,
628
Mansonia perturbans (a mosquito)

Matsucoccus sp. (a scale) 56, 383

= Wl o

Matsucoccus bisetosus 116

Matsucoccus reSinosae (red-pine

Mumscale) 2b wesl4=

Megacyllene robiniae (locust borer)
, 729, 931

Megalopyge bissesa (a flannel moth)

OOO me hone

Megalopyge opercularis (puss cater-

pillar) 714, 748, 763, 782
Megaselia sp. (a humpbacked fly)
Senco Lng

Megastigmus pistaciae (pistachio
mut borer) 453

Melalgus confertus (a bostrichid)

Melanagromyza Simplex (asparagus
miner) 492, 556, 576, 601,
838, 861, 913

Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black
‘pecan aphid) 159, 622, 684

Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers) 141,

MS; CU, Sea, Sel, seb.

415, 435, 459, 483, 491, 503,
527, 547, 567, 593, 615, 635,
659, 701, 771, 807, 829

Melanoplus bilituratus (migratory

7— €rasshopper) 24, 50, 97, 118,
124, 165, 201, 335, 351, 371,
415, 435, 459, 483, 499, 503,
521, 527, 528, 547, 567, 593),
Qi, G85 CE), CD, WO, We,
755, 764, 771, 807, 823, 865,
890, 895, 929

Melanoplus bivittatus (two-stripped
grasshopper) 19, 37, 82, 97,
118, 124, 198, 335, 551; 371,
415, 435, 459, 483, 503, 521,
BY, 3, Ee, DOV, GE, Gils,
635, 544, 659, 673, 701, 737,
755, 789, 807, 823, 835, 859,
865, 890, 929

Melanoplus borealis 865

Melanoplus devastator (devastating
grasshopper 218, 483, 503,
547, 567, 615, 635, 701, 859

Melanoplus differentialis (differ-
ential grasshopper) 19, 82,
97, 165, 201, 241, 335, 459,
483), 503, 527, 547, 615), 635,
679, 701, 710, 755, 764, 771,
789, 807, 823, 895, 943

Melanoplus femur-rubrum (red-legged
grasshopper) 19, 37, 82, 97,
118, 198, 201, 240, 371, 483,
527, 528, 547, 567, 593, 615,
635, 659, 679, 601, 721, 737,
755, 771, 807, 823, 835, 841,
851, 865, 912, 943

Melanoplus foedus 547, 635, 659,

Et id Ores, WSO

Melanoplus lakinus 50

a
_Melanoplus mexicanus (see Melanoplus

~ bilituratus)

Melanoplus occidentalis 51, 527

Melanoplus oregonensis 701

Melanoplus packardii (Packard
grasshopper) 24, 51, 82, 567,
615, 701, 823

Melanoplus pictus 52

Melanoplus plebejus 52

Melanoplus ponderosus 71

Melanoplus regalis 71

Melanoplus rugglesi (Nevada sage
grasshopper) 72

Melanoplus scudderi 72

Melanoplus Spretus 701

Melanoplus yarrowii 89

Melanotus spp. (wireworms, click
beetles) 36, 80, 98, 353, 466

Melanotus communis (a wireworm) 133

Melolontha melolontha (a chafer)
a ky

Meligethes aeneus (a nitidulid) 394

Meligethes nigrescens (a nitidulid)
640, 665

Melissopus latiferreanus (filbert-
worm) 179, 742, 811

Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine
borer) 242, 424, 512, 534,
555, 577, 600, 623, 643, 726,
839, 913, 934

Meloe americanus (a blister beetle)
7

Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) 105,

, 204, 274, 426, 868

Menacanthus stramineus (chicken
body Iouse) 163, 898

Mermiria sp. (a grasshopper) 82,

SDE, 1659) "679 7OL

Mermiria bivittata 89

Mermiria maculipennis 90, 679

Mermiria neomexicana 90

Meromyza Sp. (a wheat stem maggot)

IT, 585, 635

Meromyza americana (wheat stem
maggot) 103, 118, 241, 335
483

Meromyza pratorum 722, 930

Meromyza Saltatrix 722

Mestobregma plattei (a grasshopper)

Metallus sp. (a leaf miner) 125

Metator nevadensis (a grasshopper)
9

Metator pardalinus 110

Metriona bicolor (golden tortoise

beetle) 184, 644, 825, 913
Miccotrogus picirostris (clover
seed weevil) I61, 530, 571,
619
Microphanurus semistriatus (an
egg parasite) 408, 454

Microtheca ochroloma (yellow-
margined leaf beetle) 6, 423,

576, 897 2
Mimetes seniculus (an otiorhynchid
D weevi
Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig
aphi

Mocis spp. (grassworms) 158, 660,
680, 722, 790
Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood
Teaf miner) 107, 163, 174
Monellia sp. (an aphid) 533
Monellia costalis (black-margined

aphid) 441, 811

Monocesta coryli (larger elm leaf
eetle

Monochamus titillator (southern
pine sawyer) 164, 716, 746

Monophadnoides geniculatus (rasp-
berry Sawfly) 21, 380, 424,
624, 745

Monoxia sp. (a chrysomelid) 122

Mordwilkoja vagabunda (poplar
vagabond aphid) 628

Murgantia histrionica (harlequin
bug) 41, 99, 184, 341, 511,
534, 826

Musca autumnalis (a muscid) 934

Musca domestica (house fly) 39,
42, 100, 105, 122, 148, 160,
164, 200, 216, 383, 401, 427,
472, 519, 540, 560, 584, 589,
607, 673, 693, 748, 763, 782,
815, 868, 914

Muscina assimilis (a muscid) 851

Myiopardalis pardalina (Baluchis-—
tan melon fly) 108, 452, 589

Myzocallidium riehmi (sweetclover
aphid) 103, I19, 202, 251,
303, 354, 866

Myzocallis bella (an oak aphid)

mL

Myzocallis coryli 322, 339, 397,
553, Sil

Myzocallis discolor 137, 174

Myzocallis ulmifolii (elm leaf
aphid) 84, 470, 517, 730, 763,
781, 914

Myzocallis walshii 730

Myzus sp. (an aphid) 602

Myzus ae (black cherry aphid)

12 D72),, Lt9),, 25, dee, aes

ABT 397, 440, 463, 509

Myzus certus 155

Myzus perSicae (green peach aphid)
~~) LOG 24, 42,” 42), 76, 82,106),
107, 114, 120, 125, 135, 154,
155, 160, 173, 176, 185, 212,
213, 233, 254, 305, 307, 326,
339, 342, 343, 357, 362, 377,
379, 397, 422, 425, 439, 465,
467, 490, 493, 510, 513, 535,
532, 554, 573, 577, 578, 602,
622, 627, 643, 645, 666, 668,
686, 688, 710, 711, 727, 744,
811, 838, 849, 897, 907, 945

Myzus solani (foxglove aphid) 379,

535, 554, 602, 622, 643, 666,

686, 710, 744

Myzus solanifolii 622

Nabis spp. (damsel bugs) 40, 327,
345, 367, 383, 429, 473, 584,

797, 809

Nabis ferus (a damsel bug) 327,
694

Necrobia rufipes (red-legged ham
beetle

Nematus ribesii (imported currant-
worm) 441, 465

Nemocestes spp. (weevils) 125

Nemocestes incomptus (a strawberry
weevil

Neoclytus acuminatus (red-headed

Tb umashy borer) -o25))

Neoclytus capraea (a banded ash
borer

Neoconocephalus sp. (a grasshopper)

Neodiprion spp. (sawflies) 25,
290, 496, 671, 888, 908, 914
Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir
Sawfly) 122, 403
Neodiprion excitans 851, 888, 908
Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed
pine sawfly) 22, 80, 104, 162,
185, 213, 291, 330, 382, 402,
446, 582, 605, 627, 649, 671,
713, 728, 814, 852, 888, 946
Neodiprion nanulus (red-pine saw-
y) 243, 291, 427, 517, 764
Neodiprion pinetum (white pine saw-
fly) 291, 308, 470, 761, 815
Neodiprion pratti 363, 382, 427,
, 946
Neodiprion pratti banksianae
jack-pine Sawfly) 22, 291,
331, 382, 469, 517, 604
Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 558
Neodiprion pratti pratti 291
Neodiprion sertifer (Buropean-pine
sawfly) 80, 290, 331, 558
Neodiprion swainei (Swaine jack-
pine sawfly) 22, 243, ?91
Neodiprion taedae linearis 143,
235, 290, 308, 344, 446, 671
Neodiprion tsugae (hemlock sawfly)
Ley

ee
Neolecanium cornuparvum (magnolia
scale
Neolygus caryae (hickory plant
ug

Neolygus omnivagus (an oak plant
bug) 205, 420

Neolygus quercalbae (an oak plant
bug)

Neomargarodes hamelii (a ground
pearl

Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly)

, ,

= 22 -—

Neopodismopsis abdominalis (a
grasshopper) 110
Neostiengelia texana (a coccid) 82
Nephelodes emmedonia (bronzed
~—~~“eutworm) 103, 371, 549
Nephopteryx uvinella (a leaf tier)
, 6
Neurotoma inconspicua (plum web-
Spinning sawfly) 142, 420
Nezara viridula (southern green
stink bug) 8, 158, 231, 269,
342, 360, 398, 400, 422, 425,
444, 468, 493, 510, 534, 555,
552, 688, 725, 825, 860
Nilotaspis halli (Hall scale) 194,

322, 490, 776
Nomia melanderi (an alkali bee)
126, 608, 715

Norape cretata (a flannel moth)
96

Nuculaspis californica (a black-pine
scale

Nygmia phaeorrhoea (brown-tail moth)
196,

Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak
butterfly) 39, 471, 496, 518,
539, 605, 628, 729, 914

Nysius spp. (false chinch bugs) 10,
136, 155, 165, 617, 630, 668,
756, 790

Nysius ericae (false chinch bug)
Pape ey}

Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane
borer iO, 242, 578, 624,
745
Oberea ruficollis 183
Oberea tripunctata (dogwood twig
orer) 55, 163, 862, 898
Oebalus pugnax (rice stink bug)
7, 269, 353, 436, 550, 970,
619, 638, 661, 722, 738, 756,
775, 836
Oecanthus sp. (a tree cricket) 536
Oecanthus nigricornis quadripunc—
—“tatus (four-spotted tree
cricket) 185
Oecanthus niveus (snowy tree
cricket) 742, 748, 795
Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper)
= 8, 251, 335, 351, 499,
483, 503, 527, 615, 710
Oligonychus sp. (a spider mite)
te i ae

Oligonychus bicolor 559, 583, 606,

mame. cm) ee

Oligonychus ilicis (southern red
mite) 137, 200, 235, 344, 941

Oligonychus milleri 649

Oligonychus pratensis (date mite)
TLOpmawe 3

, 178, ,

Oligonychus punicae 552

Ori gonychus Sstickneyi 10, 663, 705,

Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider

mite) 200, 559, 649, 914, 922
Oligotrophus betheli (a midge)
hh pa

Ommatissus binotatus (a date ful-

gorid) 408, 453
Oncideres cingulata (twig girdler)
TY ia

,
Oncometopia undata (a leafhopper)

Opeia obscura (a grasshopper) 129
Operophtera brumata (winter moth)
Pyaaget [aay aS

Operophtera occidentalis (a geomet-
rid) 1795, 340

Opostega sp. (a tineid) 178, 180
Orius spp. (predators) 327, 673,
694, 730, 749, 817
Orius insidiosus 327, 504, 514,
TJ an eDpl,uoiamoos
Orius tristicolor 275, 327, 473,
607, 694, 731, 749
Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern
~~~~¥fowl mite) 197, 714, 898
Orphulella compta (a grasshopper)
Kase

1
Orphulella pelidna (a grass-
opper
Orphulella speciosa (a grass-—
hopper) 150

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw-
toothed grain beetle) 33,
39, 83, 104, 123) 437 wer.
260, 309, 946

Otobius megnini (ear tick) 32,
84, 446, 498, 868, 876, 898

Ovatus sp. (an aphid) 934

Oxypleurites maxwelli (olive leaf
mite) 260

Pachylobius spp. (weevils) 285
Pachylobius picivorus (a pine
weevi

Pachynematus sporax (a sawfly)
231 353

Pachyps le sp. (a psyllid) 606

Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma
(hackberry Nipple gall) 628

Pachyzancla bipunctalis

~ = couthern bees een 82,
756

Pachyzancla phaeopteralis (a sod

webworm) 809

Paleacrita sp. (a cankerworm)
aren 41! ie

Paleacrita vernata (spring

cankerworm) 196, 331, 382, i
428, 447, 495, 518

Panaphis juglandis (a walnut }
aphid) 179, 510

Pandeleteius hilaris (an oak
weevil) 7
Panonychus citri (citrus red mite)
, 114, 220, 510, 642,
794, 811
Panonychus ulmi (European red mite)
35, 105, 120, 124, 161,
166, 172, 179, 199, 200, 204,
216, 220, 233, 243, 269, 312,
322, 339, 357, 364, 376, 397,
420, 439, 464, 489, 508, 532,
552, 573, 588, 598, 606, 621,
641, 684, 707, 725, 743, 758,

Pantomorus godmani (Fuller rose
beetle) 159, 815

Papaipema nebris (stalk borer)

, 142, 492, 505, 516, 529,

533, 554, 568, 601

Papilio glaucus (tiger swallow-
tai

Papilio polyxenes asterius
(parsleyworm)

Paraclemensia acerifoliella

(maple leaf cutter) 447, 692

Davadatcohors haldemanii 150
Paradalophora phoenicoptera
a grasshopper
Paradalophora saussurei (a grass-
“S"—S hopper) leas sane
Paragus sp. (a syrphid) 454
Paraleucoptera albella (a cotton-
wood blotch leaf miner) 868
Paralobesia viteana (grape berry
—_ moth) 200, 216, 612, 642, 709, |
742, 866, 912

Paramyelois transitella (navel
orangeworm) 114, 195

Parapomala wyomingensis (a grass-
opper

Paratrioza cockerelli (potato
psyllid) 41, 99, 115, 213,
234, 307, 324, 360, 379, 399,
442, 465, 491, 492, 511, 533,
554, 577, 602, 623, 643, 666,
710, 744, 794, 812

Paregle cinerella (a root maggot)
1

Parharmonia pini (a pitch-mass
borer) 851

Paria sp. (a strawberry rootworm)

183, 234, 645

Parlatoria blanchardi (parlatoria
date scale) 453

Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) 76,

>, 260, 908, 922, 946
Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale)
MET COOMaL ..

Parlatoria ziziphus (a diaspid)

Pectinophora gossypiella (pink
bollworm) 3, 16, 25, 31, 83,
115, 136, 155, 214, 222, 234,
325, 329, 362, 381, 400, 408,
453, 468, 516, 558, 581, 604,
626, 649, 669, 689, 712, 728,
745, 750, 780, 813, 826, 839,
851, 861, 897, 908, 922, 931

Pediculus humanus capitis (head

Iouse) 17
Pegomya hyoscyami (spinach leaf
miner) 41, 121, 423, 466,

556, 576, 688, 745
Pegomya rubivora (raspberry cane

Maggot) 125, 380, 424, 490,
934

Pemphigus betae (sugar-beet root
aphid) 666

Pemphigus populi-transversus
poplar petiole gall aphid)
126

Pentalonia nigronervosa (an aphid)

"CASTS Se

Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (straw-
berry aphi

Penthaleus major (winter grain mite)
; , als BS, 75, O85. 0A,
113, 133, 146, 171, 191, 211,
251, 302, 319, 899, 921, 929

Peribalus limbolarius (a stink bug)

757 :
Peridroma margaritosa (variegate
cutworm) 5, 33, 57, 78, 95,

102, 103, 116, 138, 157, 176,
178, 194, 201, 215, 218, 232,
237, 251, 254, 256, 276, 299,
310, 322, 329, 338, 346, 353,
362, 366, 371, 372, 387, 394,
407, 417, 430, 437, 450, 474,
475, 485, 500, 506, 520, 521,
531, 541, 542, 551, 556, 561,
562, 572, 587, 597, 609, 631,
632, 653, 674, 695, 696, 717,
722, 732, 750, 766, 784, 889,
900, 909, 923, 947
Perillus bioculatus (two-spotted

Stink bug) 123

Perimegatoma vespulae (a dermestid)

,
Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway-maple
aphi 5 » 447, 470,

497, 583, 747, 781, 868
Periphyllus negundinis (boxelder
aphid) 382, 470, 868
Periplaneta americana (American
cockroach) 164, 186, 589,
888
Petrobia apicalis (a mite) 7, 303,
memes Sod) if

eo Sa

Petrobia latens (brown wheat mite)
LOR) opm), 7/55. 81) 99), 102),
118, 146, 191, 193, 211, 218,
231, 267, 302, 320, 335, 351,
372, 505, 556, 569, 773, 866,
895

Petrova albicapitana (a pitch twig
moth) 469

Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig
moth) 851

Petrova virginiana (a pitch twig
moth) 344, 914

Phaedon aeruginosus (watercress
Teaf beetle) 711

Phaenicia sp. (a blowfly) 164

Phaenicia sericata 607

Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle
Scale) 12, 99, 255, 325, 382,
383, 402, 427, 446, 496, 605,
690, 729, 761, 814, 888, 908,
922, 946

Phenacoccus aceris (apple mealybug)

, O41

Phenacoccus solani 184

Phigalia titea (a looper) 163

Philaenus spp. (spittlebugs) 200

Philaneus leucophthalmus (meadow
Spittlebug) 31, 34, 145, 161,
198, 201, 204, 216, 241, 268,
303, 312, 321, 324, 338, 343,
355, 361, 374, 394, 399, 418,
437, 462, 488, 507, 552, 572,
597, 639, 706, 742, 774, 793,
836, 860, 911, 944

Philippia oleae (a scale) 260

Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum
(a grasshopper 5 , 208,
459, 593, 737, 890

Phloeosinus cristatus (a bark
beetle) 213

Phloeotribus scarabaeoides( a
bark beetle) 260, 588

Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (a
grasshopper) 225, 701

Pholus sp. (a sphingid) 672

Phonapate frontalis (a bostrichid)
408

Phormia sp. (a fly) 164

Phorodon humuli (hop aphid) 645

Phorodon menthae (a mint aphid)
601, 666, 711

Phthirus pubis (crab louse) 828

Phyllocnistis populiella (a leaf
miner) 780

Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus
rust mite) 8, 55, 114, 221,
453, 588

Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella

— (a Leaf miner) 730

Phyllopertha horticola (garden
chafer) 431

Phyllophaga spp. (white grubs)

ey tt, GS, 70H, FOS, HOG,
243, 364, 382, 417, 428, 441,
467, 512, 680, 761

Phyllophaga cribrosa (a May beetle)

a

Phyllophaga ephilida 185
Phyllophaga hirticula (a May

beetle) 364, 595
Phyllophaga rubricosa (a May

ee
Phyllotreta spp. (flea beetles)

26
,

Phyllotreta cruciferae (a flea

beetle) 34, 341, 913

Phyllotreta pusilla (western black
flea beetle) 119, 120, 441,
534, 555, 575, 710, 726
Phyllotreta striolata (striped
ea beetle
Phyllotreta zimmermanni (a flea
beetle) 201
Phylloxera Sp. (a pecan phylloxera)
Oa

Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape
phylloxera) 742

Physokermes piceae (spruce bud
scale) 729

Phytomyza spp. (leaf miners)

To ET

Phytomyza ilicis (holly leaf
miner) 181, 255, 325, 946
Phytomyza nigra (a grass stem

miner
Phytophaga destructor (hessian
y) 34, 99, 102, 117, 146,

177, 203, 241, 391, 417,
436, 461, 504, 549, 721,
808, 847

Pieris protodice (southern
cabbageworm) 861, 912

Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm)
34, I2I, 159, 162, 199, 205,
216, 221, 242, 260, 270, 312,
324, 341, 360, 379, 423, 442,
452, 466, 492, 511, 556, 578,
600, 624, 643, 667, 710, 726,
760, 777, 826, 849, 912

Piesma quadratum (beet bug) 891

Pikonema alaskensis (yellow-headed
Spruce Sawflyy 627, 827

Pineus pinifoliae 144, 295, 446,

— 469,

Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid)
104, 122, 144, 255, 382,
402, 470, 605, 827

Piophila casei (cheese skipper)

102 —

Pissodes spp. (weevils) 285

Pissodes approximatus 177, 200

Pissodes engelmanni (Engelmann
Spruce weevil) 746

Pissodes nemorensis (deodar weevil)

— S T_——

Pissodes radiatae (Monterey-pine
weevi

Pissodes strobi (white pine weevil)
104, 163, 200, 243, 278, 286,
330, 363, 382, 402, 427, 605,
649, 670, 827

Pityophthorus sp. (a weevil) 94

Plagiodera versicolora (imported
willow leaf beetle) 364, 713

Plagiometriona diversicollis
(a tortoise beetle) II

Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm)

MLOOR lA LOZ me s2pmrozle,

338, 353, 487, 507, 531, 551,
572, 598, 620, 639, 644, 663,
665, 683, 686, 687, 706, 722,
742, 744, 757, 774, 793, 794,
824, 837, 848, 873, 911, 943,
945

Platycotis vittata (a treehopper)

Tipe 40s eo

Platydema ruficorne (a red-horned

"grain beetle) 854

Platynota sp. (a leaf roller) 758

Platynota stultana (a leaf roller)
156, 552, 603,624, 774

Platyptilia carduidactyla

"(artichoke plume moth) 222

Platypus flavicornis (an ambrosia
beetle) 908

Plectrodera scalator (cottonwood

borer) 650
Pleocoma dubitalis (a white grub)

Pleocoma edwardsi 396

Plodia interpunctella (Indian-meal
moth) 33, 39, 83, 103, 136,
181, 261, 560, 584, 782, 889,

946
Plutella maculipennis (diamondback
moth) 41, 56, 242, 324, 341,

452, 466, 492, 511, 556, 744
Podapion gallicola (pine gall
weevil) 325
Podosesia syringae syringae (lilac
borer) 606, 71

Poecilocapsus lineatus (four-lined
plant bug) 518, 560

Pogonomyrmex spp. (harvester ants)

Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (western
harvester ant) 24, 419, 866

Polia legitima (Striped garden
caterpillar) 873

Potlensa rudis (cluster fly) 5,

244, 868

See polling (a scale 260

Polychrosis viteana (grape berry
moth) (see Paralobesia
viteana)

Polygonia interrogationis (a
nymphalid) 162, 582—

Polygraphus rufipennis (a bark
beetle) 285

Polyphylla sp. (a scarabaeid) 122

Polyphylla decemlineata (ten-
Tined June beetle) 120, 361

Polyphylla fullo (a white grub)

i mbes. aes

Pontania spp. (sawflies) 827

Popillia japonica
(Japanese beetle) 36, 104,
156, 161, 199, 200, 206, 212,
219, 232, 373, 428, 441, 471,
497, 507, 518, 529, 539, 549,
556, 560, 571, 583, 595, 605,
617, 622, 629, 640, 650, 664,
672, 683, 685, 693, 713, 729,
747, 757, 778, 781, 815, 898,
911, 914, 943, 946

Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) 145,

155, 215, 292, 331) 364, 381,
403, 447, 454, 471, 517, 582,
670, 729, 746, 780

Praon spp. (braconids) 540

Praon palitans (a braconid) 217,

54, 749, 816

Prays oleellus (olive moth) 588

Prionus spp. (cerambycids) 165

Prionus californicus (California
prionus

Prionoxystus robiniae (carpenter-
worm) 447

Pristiphora spp. (sawflies) 671

Pristiphora californica (Cali-
fornia pear-Sslug) 420

Pristiphora erichsonii (larch
Sawfly) 22, 291, 330, 559,
604, 627, 649, 671, 851

Prociphilus spp. (aphids) 817

Prociphilus fraxinifolii (a leaf-
curl ash aphid) 470, 868

Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly
alder aphid) 105, 185, 403,

470, 815
Prociphilus venafuscus (an aphid)
363

Prodenia spp. (cutworms) 535, 615,
724, 810

Prodenia dolichos (a cutworm) 362

Prodenia eridania (southern army-
“~~ worm) 399, 442, 511, 535,
577, 626, 640, 668, 688, 727,
745, 794, 812

Prodenia litura (Egyptian cotton-
worm) 385

Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow-
Striped armyworm) 5, 33, 57,
78, 95, 98, 106, 116, 138,
157, 176, 194, 215, 237, 256,
257, 276, 310, 329, 346, 362,
366, 386, 387, 400, 407, 430,
450, 474, 475, 500, 508, 520,
521, 535, 541, 542, 549, 561,
562, 587, 609, 623, 631, 632,
644, 653, 674, 695, 696, 704,
717, 732, 740, 750, 766, 778,
784, 798, 808, 818, 823, 826,
830, 842, 854, 863, 877, 889,
900, 923

Soe

Prodenia praefica (western yellow-
Striped armyworm) 23, 119,
120, 178, 218, 469, 581, 597,

601, 865
Prosimilium hirtipes (a black fly)
, 327,
Proteoteras willingana (boxelder
twig borer) 294

Protoparce spp. (hornworms) 106,
, 185, 380, 398, 424, 442,
444, 493, 510, 514, 533, 535,
577, 578, 602, 627, 645, 667,
668, 686, 709, 726, 744, 777,
868, 912, 945, 947
Protoparce quinquemaculata (tomato
ornworm) 8, 11, 41, 82, 99,
120, 159, 162, 342, 366, 387,
402, 430, 442, 450, 474, 475,
493, 500, 520, 521, 541, 542,
561, 562, 587, 602, 609, 631,
632, 653, 674, 695, 696, 709,
717, 732, 750, 758, 766, 784,
798, 818, 830
Protoparce sexta (tobacco hornworm)
7, 159, 185, 276, 346,
362, 366, 387, 407, 430, 442,
450, 474, 475, 493, 500, 514,
520, 521, 541, 542, 561, 562,
587, 609, 631, 632, 653, 674,
686, 695, 696, 717, 732, 750,
766, 784, 798, 818, 830
Psallus seriatus (cotton flea-
hopper) Il, 83, 142, 468, 581
Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm)
FRUSRLESELUEoos BiGhtS, woos
98, 102, 116, 133, 138, 141,
146, 153, 157, 171, 176, 183,
194, 198, 199, 203, 211, 215,
231., 237, 240572525256, 9257,
268, 276, 302, 310, 320, 329,
336, 346, 352, 366, 371, 387,
392, 407, 416, 430, 438, 450,
460, 474, 475, 484, 500, 504,
520, 521, 528, 541, 542, 548,
561, 562, 569, 577, 587, 594,
609, 615, 631, 632, 638, 653,
661, 674, 695, 704, 717, 732,
750, 756, 766, 784, 791, 798,
818, 830, 842, 854, 863, 889,
900; 909, 911; 923, 929); 933,
942, 943
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white
peach Scale) 183, 922
Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (a
Japanese weevil) 182, 862
Pseudococcus sp. (a mealybug) 862
Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealy-
bug 0, 260
Pseudococcus juniperi (a mealybug)
RO 20, Deanne

Pseudococcus maritimus (grape
mealybug

Pseudohylesinus spp. (fir beetles)
So

Pseudohylesinus grandis 285
Pseudohylesinus granulatus 285
Pseudophilippia quaintancii (a
woolly pine Scale) 852
Pseudoplusia includens (a looper)

Pseudopomala brachyptera (a grass-
hopper) 225
Psila rosae (carrot rust fly) 213,
6
Psilocorsis faginella (a beech
oecophorid) 582, 914

Psiloptera drummondi (a buprestid)
DOS Sa aaa

Psoloessa delicatula (a grass-
hopper) 226, 237, 371, 391,
459

Psorophora spp. (mosquitoes) 84,

ty cr ea

Psorophora ciliata 584

Psorophora confinnis 584, 650, 796

Psorophora cyanescens 584

Psorophora discolor 650

Psorophora howardii 186

Psoroptes equi ovis (sheep scab
mite) 57, 94, 105, 166, 197,
214, 365, 561, 796, 816, 876

Psorosina hammondi (apple leaf

~~ Skeletonizer) 684, 797

Psylla buxi (boxwood psylla) 946

Psylla mali (apple sucker) 925

Psylla negundinis (boxelder
psyllid) 868

Psylla pyricola (pear psylla) 120,
124, , 178, 216, 219, 253,
269, 322, 358, 377, 396, 421,
464, 509, 574, 663, 685, 725,
758, 776, 793, 810

Ptinus raptor (a spider beetle)
934

Pulex irritans (human flea) 584

Pulvinaria Spp. (scales) 874

Pulvinaria innumerabilis (cottony
maple Scale) I2I, 470, 517,
556, 583, 606, 672, 692, 714

Puto spp. (mealy pugs) 288

Pyralis farinalis (meal moth) 261

Pyrausta nubilalis ee
corn borer) 19, 36, 98,
102, 104, 106, vag 147, 158,
161, 164, 171, 177, 182, 199,
202, 204, 211, 216, 231, 240,
267, 299, 300, 312, 319, 335,
351, 371, 391, 415, 422, 435,
442, 460, 465, 484, 491, 504,
511, 527, 547, 555, 567, 588,
593, 616, 623, 636, 643, 659,
667, 679, 686, 702, 710, 737,
745, 755, 771, 777, 789, 794,
808, 811, 835, 838, 847, 859,
860, 873, 887, 895, 907, 911,
943, 944

Pyrausta thestealis (a leaf tier)

Pyroderces rileyi (pink scavenger

caterpillar) 77, 823

Rachiplusia ou (a looper) 513,
576, GOL, 645, 668, 727
Radopholus similis (burrowing
nematode) 76, 135, 233, 490,
575, 707, 776, 838, 896, 930
Ramosia bibionipennis (strawberry
crown moth) 760, 778, 867
Ramosia tipuliformis (currant
lean borer
Recurvaria sp. (a needle miner)
Tyee

Recurvaria milleri (lodgepole
~——needle miner) 277, 289
Reticulitermes spp. (termites)
= > 716, 915
Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern
Subterranean termite) 36,
80, 95, 164, 186, 214, 275,
328, 783, 816, 877
Reteculitermes hageni 186
Reticulitermes hesperus 122, 127,
I8l, 214, 367, 405
Reticulitermes virginicus 186
Retinodiplosis Spp. (pine pitch
midges 31
Retinodiplosis inopis 344, 914
Retinodiplosis resSinicola 325
—_ t= Ee ee

Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit
fly) 125, 205, 465, 573

Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens

(western cherry fruit fly) 120,

179, 397, 421, 441, 465, 509,
553, 622, 642
Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk
y) 195, 219, 599, 642, 686,
709, 758, 776, 811, 825, 838,
866
Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry
fruit fly) 205, 489
Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot)
20, 35, 162, 200, 204, 216,
242, 312, 508, 532, 553, 574,
621, 641, 664, 684, 707, 125,
742, 757, 793, 810, 824, 912
Rhagoletis sauvis (a walnut maggot)
— {Sa

Rhinacloa forticornis (a flea-
hopper) 558
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown
dog tick) 9, 17, 57, 84, 748,
763, 876, 945
Rhizoglyphus echinopus (bulb mite)
853

Rhopalosiphoninus tulipaella (a
tulip aphid) 84

Rhopalosiphum berberidis (an aphid)

Te ees en

,

Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain
aphid) 194, 203, 253, 267,
269, 299, 305, 319, 322, 339,
357, 372, 569, 617, 637, 861,
912, 921

Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf
aphid) 10, 34, 37, 40, 81,
98, 102, 133, 147, 161, 171,
191, 211, 231, 299, 351, 393,
503, 529, 548, 569, 595, 617,
637, 660, 680, 703, 722, 755,
772, 790, 808, 835, 847, 866,
867, 912, 921, 929

Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae

(turnip aphid) 106, 154, 360,
861, 913

Rhopobota naevana (black-headed
fireworm) 125, 180, 358, 397,
599, 665, 684, 888
ee naevana ilicifoliana (a
y budmoth) 181, 364
Mieceaonin spp. (pine moths) 235
Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine
shoot moth) 49, 166, 177, 243,
278, 292, 308, 330, 381, 403,
427, 446, 469, 496, 538, 559,
582, 605, 649, 690, 746
Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket
pine moth) 99, 143, 160, 185,
292, 344, 363, 605, 713, 746,
761, 827, 851, 888, 913
Rhyacionia pasadenana 94
Rhyacionia rigidana 469, 496, 538,
MEEROUSTIuou) Loo

Rhynchaenus pallicornis (apple
flea weevil) 396, 489
Rhynchites bicolor (rose curculio)

Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain
borer) 33, 83, 126, 143, 148,
181, 260, 327, 519
Rileymyia americana (a tent cater-
ar parasite) 628
Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) 212,
0, 327, 588, 782
Romalea microptera (eastern lubber

grasshopper) 518

S

Saissetia sp. (a scale) 11
Saissetia hemisphaerica (hemi-
Spherical scale) 560

— ee

Saissetia oleae (black scale) 94,
219, 220, 260, 743, 815
Salebria afflictella (a webworm)
539 ,

Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree
borer) 35, 42, 120, 142, 159,
205, 216, 340, 357, 420, 440,
464, 532, 621, 849, 866, 944

Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi
(western peach tree borer)
179, 270, 509, 866

Saperda calcarata (poplar borer)
367

Saperda tridentata (elm borer) 99,
763, 781

Sarcophaga aldrichi (a sarophagid)

, 244,

Sarcophaga houghi 628

Sarcophaga kellyi 673

Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite) 39,

Scapteriscus acletus (Southern

mole cricket) 136 , 173
Sceluphonon¥caementarcum (a
wasp) 106
Schistocerca spp. (grasshoppers)
WUIRS SOM TNE

Schistocerca alutacea 226, 701
Schistocerca americana (American
grasshopper) 247, 459, 574
Schistocerca gregaria (desert
Tocust) 260, 408, 452, 935
Schistocerca lineata 24, 247
Schistocerca obscura 248
Schistocerca Shoshone 248

Schistocerca vaga 263, 319
Schizomyia coryloides (a gall
insect) 882

Schizura concinna (red-humped
caterpillar) 80, 664, 763
Schoenobius incertulas (rice stem
borer, paddy borer) 262
Scirtothrips spp. (thrips) 235
Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips)
To VEER ees, bees es, 776
Scolia dubia (a aes 106, 715
Scolytus spp. (bark beetles)
7 as

Scolytus multistriatus (smaller
European elm bark beetle)
11, 99, 147, 165, 235, 243,
285, 344, 364, 382, 403,
471, 496, 517, 583, 629,
650, 671, 747, 781, 796,
815, 827, 898, 914, 922,

Scolytus rugulosus (shot-hole
borer) 420, 489, 510, 838,
849, 866, 874

Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver)
284,

Scotogramma trifolii (clover cut-
worm) 121

Scutigerella immaculata (garden
symphylid) 120, 125, 324,
380, 466, 686, -778

Semiothisa sexmaculata (a looper)
290, 747

Sericothrips variabilis (a thrips)
731, 738,

Sesamia cretica (durra stalk borer)

8, 260, 452, 855

Sibine stimulea (saddleback
Caterpillar) 79, 661

Silpha bituberosa (a silphid) 419

Simaethis nemorana (a fig moth)
260,

Simulium spp. (black flies) 365,
472, 498

Simulium jenningsi 383, 446, 945

Simulium venustum 519

Sipha flava (yellow-sugarcane

— aphid) 738, 941

Siphona exigua (buffalo fly) 917

Siphona irritans (horn fly) 9, 39,
83, 100, 105, 122, 147, 160,
163, 201, 244, 309, 327, 345,
383, 402, 426, 446, 472, 497,
519, 540, 560, 583, 607, 629,
651, 673, 693, 714, 763, 782,
815, 828, 839, 868, 876, 945

Sitodiplosis mosellana (wheat
midge) 20, 661

Sitona spp. (weevils) 328, 356,

ian, He:

24
Sitona cylindricollis (sweetclover
weevil) 20, 24, 38, 97, 103,

119, 165, 204, 302, 321, 336,
337, 355, 356, 375, 418, 438,
461, 552, 620, 640, 791, 865

Sitona explicita 153

Sitona flavescens 199, 824

Sitona hispidula (clover root
~eurculio) 103, 104, 119, 199,
203, 232, 252, 336, 355, 356,
438, 531, 552, 595, 640, 724,
757, 791, 824, 860, 873, 911,
943

Sitona lineata (pea leaf weevil)

—__ 125, 180, 360, 640, 662,
682, 848

Sitona scissifrons 20, 355, 487

Sitophilus granarius (granary
weevil) 126, 148, 260, 946

Sitophilus oryza (rice weevil)

, 83, 126, 143, 148,

183, 260, 608, 703, 722, 738,
773, 789, 840, 946

Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois
grain moth) 33, 103, 143,
261, 365, 560, 608, 694, 946

Solenopotes capillatus (a cattle
louse 5 5

Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire
ant) 246, 889, 901

Solenopsis saevissima v. richteri
(imported fire ant) 6, 157,
175, 197, 214, 238, 245, 246,
256, 275, 327, 347, 367, 384,
405, 451, 498, 585, 716, 783,
797, 816, 829, 841, 853, 876,
889, 899, 901, 908, 923, 932

Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire

246, 630, 889, 901
Solubea pugnax (See Oebalus pugnax)

Spanogonicus spp. (fleahoppers)
Piro Lata

Spanogonicus albofasciatus 495,
8
,
Sparganothis spp. (leafrollers)
Hep PaO Olam

Sparganothis sulfurana (a leaf-
roller) 312

Spharagemon bolli (a grasshopper)

Pees 142 meee

Spharagemon collare 264

Spharagemon equale 264

Spilonota ocellana (eye-spotted
bud moth) 125, 219, 242,
253, 312, 358, 377, 420, 489,
509, 685, 707

Spissistilus festinus (three-
cornered alfalfa hopper) 7,
103, 133, 141, 158, 171, 192,
232, 303, 354, 373, 417, 552,
572, 595, 620, 640, 663, 684,
740, 757, 774, 810, 824, 837,
849, 859, 873, 887, 907

Sphenoptera sp. (a buprestid
borer) 453

Stegasta basqueella (red-necked
peanutworm) 158, 572, 621,
682, 705, 725, 837

Stegobium paniceum (drug-store
beetle

Steiroxys spp. (crickets) 336

Steneotarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen
mite) 125, 156,216, 220, 467,
624, 688, 812

Stenotus binotatus (a mirid) 866

Stephanitis nashi (a lace bug) 453

Stephanitis pyrioides (azalea lace
bug) 163, 448

Stephanitis rhododendri (rhododen-
dron lace bug) 583, 692

Sternochetus lapathi (poplar and

orer) 39, 367

Sternoplistes temmincki (a ceram-
bycid) 899

Stethorus spp. (lady beetles) 405

Stethorus punctum 307

Sticthippus californicus (a grass-
hopper) 351

Stictocephala bubalus (buffalo
treehopper

Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)
9, 39, 100, 105, 147, 160, 201,
244, 472, 519, 540, 561, 607,
629, 651, 693, 714, 868, 876

Strigoderma arboricola (a beetle)

Strymon melinus (cotton square
borer) 670, 745

Sturmia harrisinae (a parasite)

Supella supellectilium (brown-
banded roach) 4, 17, 33, 39,
42, 78, 95, 122, 181, 186,
589, 630, 730, 816, 828, 852,
888, 946

Symmerista sp. (an oakworm) 105,

eS

Symmerista albifrons (red-humped
oakworm) 331, 747

Symphoromyia hirta (a snipe fly)
868

Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peach
tree borer) 24, 35, 142, 159,
205, 323, 377, 420, 440, 464
490, 554

Syneta albida (a leaf beetle) 323

Synnoma LlynoSyrana (a moth) 122

Syntomeida epilais jucundissima
Can oleander caterpillar) 748

Syrbula sp. (a grasshopper) 829

Syrbula admirabilis 315

Syrphus Sp.(a syrphid) 454

yringopais temperatella (a moth)
588

Systena blanda (pale-striped flea
beetle) 41, 160, 185, 510,
533, 534, 555, 575, 706, 913

Systena elongata (elongate flea

eetle

T

Tabanus spp. (horse flies) 164, 186,
200, 383, 540, 782

Tabanus abactor 83, 607, 629

TabanusS americanus 9, 782

Tabanus atratus (black horse fly)
9, 84, F957, 540, 629, 782

Tabanus equalis 497, 540

Tabanus fairchildi 491

Tabanus Tineola (Striped horse fly)

Peak ReeL Uren

Tabanus mularis 607

Tabanus Sulcifrons 607, 651, 673,

500, aos ara,

Tabanus venustus 607, 815

Tachinomyia Similis (a tent cater-
pillar parasite) 628

Tachypterellus consors cerasi (a
cherry curculio) 533

Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple
curculio) 20, 147

Taeniopoda eques (a grasshopper)

- 26 -

Taeniothrips inconsequens (pear
thrips) 219, 253, 322, 358,

588, 866
Taniva albolineana (spruce needle
Miner) 308, 363, 402, 761

Tarsonemus sp. (a mite) 77

Tendipes spp. (midges) 405

Tenebrio spp. (mealworms) 164

Tenebrio obscurus (dark mealworm)

ee ee a

Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle)

STE EIE : , 796, 946

Tenuipalpus pacificus (a false
Spider mite) 255

Tetanops myopaeformis (sugar-beet
root maggot) 41, 341, 360,
535, 710

Tetralopha melanogrammos (a web-
worm) 539, 91

Tetralopha robustella (pine webworm)

zee

» v2
Tetramorium caespitum (pavement
ant) 36, 514,

Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) 7,
Bo es) 99s) Lai, Lato Leo),
161, 173, 180, 380, 452, 534,
573, 595, 600, 618, 621, 684,
707, 725, 743, 747, 866

Tetranychus atlanticus (strawberry
spider mite) IOI, 104, 106, 183,
185, 399, 408, 516, 600, 618,
624, 640, 644, 665, 684, 688,
705, 710, 912

Tetranychus canadensis (four-spotted
Spider mite) 866

Tetranychus cinnabarinus 11, 101,
“85. al ee

Tetranychus desertorum (desert
Spider mite) 10, Il, 495, 670,
(61, Wits B13 1839

Tetranychus lobosus 101, 234, 254

Tetranychus marianae 155, 195, 361

Tetranychus mcdanieli 10, 179, 253,
573, 598, 641, 664, 725, 743,
758, 776, 793, 811, 824

Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific

“spider mite) 220

Tetranychus schoenei (Schoene

"Spider mite) IOI, 621, 685,
731, 743, 758, 912

Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted
Spider mite) 10, 11, 20, 21,
25, 38, 40, 42, 93, 101, 106,
119, 120, 124, 125, 136, 145,
155, 163, 166, 185, 194, 200,
204, 216, 218, 220, 234, 242,
254, 307, 339, 344, 358, 361,
378, 380, 420, 422, 424, 464,
467, 495, 489, 508, 532, 534,
938, 552, 571, 573, 578, 583),
595, 598, 600, 606, 618, 621,
624, 640, 644, 647, 649, 664,
665, 670, 672, 685, 687, 705,
707, 710, 715, 724, 725, 730,
740, 744, 756, 761, 773, 776,
795, 813, 839, 866, 912, 913,
931, 944

Tetraopes femoratus (a milkweed

eetle

Thecabius populi-conduplifolius
Can aphi

Thecabius populd noni lis (an aphid)
ame s0kS ls Go aaa

Therioaphis maculata (spotted
a aphid) 4, 86, 506, 530,

550, 570, 571, 596, 618, 638,
661, 681, 704, 723, 741, 756,
775, 791, 809, 824, 837, 848,
860, 865, 874, 887, 895, 907,
929, 941

Therioaphis trifollii (yellow clover
aphid) 98, 103, 161, 202, 312,
354, 681, 705

Thricolepis inornata (a weevil) 378

Thrips spp. (thrips) 453

Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) 10, 1l,
41, 93, 121, 136, 159% 195,

234, 252, 321, 324, 361, 443,
452, 467, 487, 492° 512, 535,
556, 576, 589, 601, 624; 645,
668, 711, 868

Thyanta spp. (stink bugs) 757

Thyanta custator (a stink bug) 205,

Thylodrias contractus (a dermestid)
53
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis
agworm) 99, 107, 143, 147,
160, 163, 177, 203, 364, 440,
469, 497, 517, 539, 558, 582,
604, 628, 649, 672, 692, 761,

914; 946
Tinea pellionella (casemaking
“clothes moth) 122, 164 {

Tineola bisselliella (webbing
clothes moth) 164

Tomaspis bicincta (a spittlebug)

Tomostethus multicinctus (brown-
headed ash Sawfly) 344, 428,
447

Tortrix pallorana (a tortricid)

Tortrix clemensiana (a leafroller)
—S— ——=—-"

Toumeyella sp. (a scale) 274
Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree
Scale) 325, 538, 583, 649,

946

Toumeyella numismaticum (pine

~ tortoise scale) 22, 77, 162,
294, 330, 382, 605, 713, 827,
946

Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus
aphi

Toxoptera graminum (green bug) 10,

, 35, Sl, 99, 102, 113, Tag

141, 146, 153, 158, 171, 183;
191, 203, 211, 231, 2515 267;
299, 319, 335, 351, 372, 4595
486, 848, 873, 895, 921, 929

Toxorhynchites rutilus (a mosquito

en) a

Trachyploeus bifoveolatus (a
weevil) 7
Trachyrhachis kiowa (a grasshopper

Tremex columba (pigeon tremex) 899

Trialeurodes sp. (a whitefly) 363

Trialeurodes packardi (strawberry
whitefly) 443

Trialeurodes vaporariorum (green-

house whitefly) 94, 122, 686,
913

Tribolium spp. (flour beetles) 33

— 39, 143), 156ge238

Tribolium castaneum (red flour
beetle) 33, 83, 123, 126, 260

beetle) 83, 260, 763, 946
Tribolium destructor 763, 922
Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
Il, 32, 34, 41y0zGsscesaeea

116, 138, 142, 154, 157, 159,

912, 944,
Tridactylus minutus (a pygmy mole-
cricke 757

Trigonatylus brevipes (a plant ugh}

Trimerotropis agrestis (a grass-
opper) 316
Trimerotropis bilobata 368
Trimerotropis campestris 368
Trimerotropis cincta 388
Trimerotropis citrina 388
Trimerotropis gracillis 409, 429
Trimerotropis latifasciata (a
grasshopper
Trimerotropis melanoptera 432
Trimerotropis pallidipennis 432
Trimerotropis pistrinaria 455
Trimerotropis sparsa 455
Trimerotropis Strenura 456
Trimerotropis Suffusa 456
Trioxys Spp. (braconids) 540
Jrioxys utilis 217, 454
Trogium pulsatorium (a booklouse)
164

Trogoderma boron (See Trogoderma
glabrum)

Trogoderma glabrum 39, 78, 148,
238, 384, 932

Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle)

; , 33, 95, 116, 126, 148,

174, 197, 223, 238, 244, 260,
327, 345, 365, 384, 448, 560,
694, 730, 748, 782, 829, 840,
853, 863, 899, 922, 941

Trogoderma inclusum 78, 186, 932

Trogoderma parabile 25, 122, 238,
309, 782

Trogoderma sternale 730

Trogoderma teukton 78

Trogoderma versicolor (See T.
inclusum -

Trombicula batatas (a chigger) 237

Trombicula belkini (a chigger)

7 Wo Go

Tropidolophus formosus (a grass-
hopper) 479

Tychius stephensi (clover head
weev

Typhaea stercorea (a fungus beetle)
106

Typhlocyba pomaria (white apple
Teafhopper) 216

Typhlodromus sp. (a predaceous mite)

5

,

Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale)
pplocpml (4e 213255), 058)
730, 852, 947
Urbanus proteus (bean leaf roller)
5 pgol

V

Vanduzea triguttata (a tree hopper)
mune les.

Vanessa cardui (painted-lady)
473, 542, 598, 620, 933

Vanessa virginiensis (painted
beauty

Vasates cornutus (peach silver
mite) 120, 124, 220, 253,
377, 725, 793, 824, 866

Vasates fockeui (an eriophyid) 179,
465,

Vasates lycopersici (tomato russet
mite 5 , 222, 421, 601,
623, 667, 686, 709, 726, 744,
758, 777, 812, 825, 867, 913,
945

Vasates massalongoi (a lilac rust

mite) 126, 876

- 27 -

Vasates quadripedes (maple bladder-
gall mite) 36, 80, 447, 471,
517, 559, 628

Vasates schlechtendali (apple rust

mite) 124, 465, 573, 664
Vespa crabro germana (giant hornet)
86, 781,

Vespamima pini (pitch mass borer)
Una & oa

Vespula spp. (yellow jackets) 122

Vitacea polistiformis (grape root
orer 5

Vitula edmandsae serratilineella

(a dried fruit moth) 909

W

Wohlfahrtia opaca (a sarcophagid)
, 368
Wohlfahrtia vigil (a sarcophagid)

Walshia sp. (a gall moth) 303

X

Xanthippus corallipes (a grass-—-
opper
Xanthippus corallipes latifascatus

Xanthippus montanus (a grasshopper)
Seen AOU Rac be eae

Xylastodoris luteolus (a royal
palm bug) 471

Xylocopa virginica (carpenter bee)

a

Z

Zeadiatraea grandiosella (south-
western corn borer) 10, 81,
102, 141, 147, 299, 372, 436,
483, 505, 529, 548, 568, 594,
615, 660, 703, 721, 738, 756,
772, 790, 808, 847, 859, 860,
887, 895, 907, 921

Zeiraphera griseana (a larch bud
mo

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana (a spruce
tip moth) 8°7

Zercoseius macauleyi (a predaceous
mite)

Zeuzera pyrina (leopard moth)

BER BELT

Zonabris oleae (a blister beetle)
ZOU)

Zonosomata electa (pepper maggot)
, 184, 601
Zootermopsis angusticollis (a
ermi te) 5 5
Zale lunata (a noctuid) 826
Zaraea americana (a sawfly) 25

a

wo s, - ” <= we Tey v2 e
| NVINOSHLIWS Sa buvudi7 LIB RARI ar wiimiiimhia nalwibathite iets sive yc) :
2 x < 2 J Wi . Ww
2 WX = g ml “3 = 4 3
2B = < : : 5 : =
& N oc = = =) Oo =I ao es
3 je rs) ro ; S = 3 _ 3s 8

: = a
se SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. NOLLALILSNI"NVINOSHLINS _ $3 1uvudl 1 LIBRARI ES__ SMITHSONIAN Sta Y
[e) GL: oO o = wo = wo ,
= ty a = i =
= by (= >) P) a
z ye Gps. > = > = > = {>
3= [7 7: > 2] —_ wa = a] = 2
4 Vof F w 7 a im = o = o Pa
= o < wo 5 = o = no )
| NVINOSHLINS S3IuVUSIT LI B RARI ES SMITHSONIAN: INS OE TO h ONE TA seen _ NVINOSHLINS, Sa 1y
= Z ats = ca = < =
z =| Zz =I = _ 2 =
: = 5 NA 3 $ NA: iS z
2 re Nea ea fe) x re} as re}
= 2 = AN zZ E z = Z
= a Ps > id >
a g ay S = a Zi 2 a Zz
> SMITHSONIAN. INSTITUTION OILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUEIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INS |
ww = ww & w = w z
= a — a = = — c=
oc % = oe = o par ce % =
a iS & = ns a) <S =
ca 5 = S = SI = 5 a
= S s 2 a = ar 2 J
| NVINOSHLINS S3INVYa i BRARI ES _ SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION _NOLLALILSNI _NVINOSHEIAS aa iR-
wo A =— o = wo = w =e
> NA Ee 2 = 2 > 2 5
# = = = - = =
m Y m, = m ga m 2
5 SMITHSONIAN ay a NOLEALESN AWINCS HS luvud erstl B RAR | ES | SMITHSONIAN!
z z z Z = 2 & § z
= ral = 5 = 5 SX . 2 =
g : g 2 BY 2M 2 2
2 = 2 Ee 2 E » 2 cS
z = ~: S : 7 2 72) ys ace = 4
_NVINOSHLIWS °S3 1yvVudit_ LIB RARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALISN oo
5 ra w tee ~ a w
4 XK o = oor i fy - ee =
= ys < = <% = < a <
S me & sj pyle = a = a
3 og 3 Sh 3 = 3 =
4 Sor = = z a = pa
S SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION _ NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS ~S3 luvud rhe LIBRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN KS
Bie oe g . : : za
=— o = wo = o =
= ee) SS ee) 5 a > Fe)
i- = = > E > = ‘ =
Ee, 2 - a F 2 FE had
Z) o Z ae gee i Z a
11 NVINOSHLINS, Sa 1yvusgit ant B RARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS, Saf
z = ny. = a0 = = a =
= = = = =|
& 3 2 3 & = 2 5
7) 7) a ae Q >» RE ZB “2 °
e S E SN Zz E Wg 2 = =
= = Fie pes ce ee eilee 5 2
5” SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS | S3 1yvVyuait LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _
7) > 2) z w mo uw =z
: j : é : & : g
x = x = a = a ee
< iS Z 7 7 a < “Ee
cal 3 = CHR. iNee = 3 = 3 a
2 z a 2 = Z ze =
NI NVINOSHLINS S3IuYVYaIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTIGN NOLLOLILENI, NVINOSHIINS Ts Is
is aes <_ (ee F485) fF = = — It nf ee a r\ Sa yn

BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOJLALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN

” 2 o > & i“ z ”

SMA ane = a ASS a OD & 3

<i Ze a < 3 Wo z = ma

as Wj a oe = YY es = oc

an GY fo) ea So ea i) es Gi

3 z 4 Zz s =) z 43
JILALILSNITNVINOSHLINS. SAIYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS

ate. é oa = ie Um S CHR ES

wo = jes) — fy je) — jee)

= E g — $y ° E z

es E > = Y > = >

= E 2 ee fi ‘2 e 2

m ” = Cie eae a a =

wo = o z o z o

BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS Saluvuai7 LIBRARIES | SMITHSONIAN

N

Lf

NVINOSHLIWS

NVINOSHLIWS
NVINOSHLINS

SMITHSONIA

NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI

SMITHSONIAN
Yel
4
NWINOSHLIWS
Sy
\ oS SS
SMITHSONIAN

NVINOSHLIWS

2 o Zz oo : 2 io Zz
iu
= = Z = Oy, % = z
= ce Ss oe = oc =
ro} a 5 oO - = [aa] tol
2 ty 2 in S a 2
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVUaIT_LIBRARIES_ SMITHSONIAT
= z z = z a 3
a po] LY %
> . > > ae > > = LEY
[a aq E zy = 2 - GY
a ae B 5 o ; 2
-_ — w » = (22) —
IOLLMLILSN!_ NVINOSHLIWS | S3 luvud Wu! BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLIW
z = 6S Ws E Sh z
Zz SEs fy (= WN SF S SS SI =
9 x SY ty ORENNG =x ro) ? Bo, 9
2 EGGS ERR 8 2 BS Z
Ee 2°Y Ee 2 = 2 E
Ais EN iat: _ 2 z Se ieee
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SJIYVysIt LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAI
Z Se Re ee) z
S 7a) Ww Ks Ww Ww
=I “S e 2X = 4 =
<3; a < =u) Was < = <3
co c x c S \. wc c fea
m Sy oo sat ~ 0 a 0
a a (o) = = aay
a x z = = Sia 2 a
JOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3!IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
ae ie es oy = (: fia & &
: 5 Em 5 $43 : 2 \y
> =) =] ; >) \
lo > r= > = > SS
2 = 2 = 2 i = WS
2 wn NO
o 5 o z o Z oO

IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS Saluvua!y LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA
v Ke oa

\ 4
iy

x
JOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS -S31uvegiy LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

NVINOSHLINS
NVINOSHLINS
SMITHSONIAN
NVINOSHLIWS

NVINOSHLIWS

NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLIN

ES SMITHSONIAN

G@i1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN

z = us z G
= = + =e Ja =
= = o _— =
e _< a < sist (=
Ss oe is o (= +
= =! + sl
5 joa) =— oO = [e)}
wel fo) = oO
= -! Fa at) z z
LIBRARI ES. SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS Sa1uvudit_LIBRARI ESE SMITHSONIA
OAASOR Ne SU GRSON Ne) ©) eacvate one we 5 SOL VII o PP

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

OEE

Seer ee as ; 3 9088 01271 7393

CIO
oo :
Sn eT ie
sigan oamieatpen toon ore reyryry
aeracy a caleahO-2. Cy ee
ee :

reer ae
re ee eee

SNH

ope Seren

Ek, Sod Pie
Core reren nea

Phar eye ban
Pilate

vate MD
Die

see tee

Ty wre ee

CREPE SCE Ua eae mS a

aud evoegerark Se mI H eve
sys no