Physical Sciences Library Umversrty of California Riverside WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Lewis and Gilmer Counties By DAVID B. REGER, Assistant Geologist, I. C WHITE, State Geologist. WHEELING NEWS LITHO. CO. WHEELING, W.rVA. 1916 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY COMMISSION. HENRY D. HATFIELD President GOVERNOR OF WEST VIRGINIA. E. L. LONG Vice President TREASURER OF WEST VIRGINIA. FRANK B. TROTTER Secretary ACTING PRESIDENT, WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY. J. L. COULTER Executive Officer DIRECTOR, STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. STATE BOARD OF CONTROL. JAMES S. LAKIN President A, BLISS McCRUM Treasurer J. M. WILLIAMSON ..Auditor SCIENTIFIC STAFF. I. C. WHITE State Geologist SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SURVEY. G. P. GRIMSLEY Assistant Geologist RAY V. HENNEN Assistant Geologist CHARLES E. KREBS (until May i, 1915) .Assistant Geologist DAVID B. REGER Assistant Geologist W. ARMSTRONG PRICE Volunteer Paleontologist ROBERT M. GAWTHROP (to Nov. 15, 1915). FtVW Assistant D. D. TEETS, JR Field Assistant BERT H. KITE Chief Chemist JAN B. KRAK Assistant Chemist J. LEWIS WILLIAMS Chief Clerk RIETZ C. TUCKER. Engineer and Stenographer LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. To His Excellency, Hon. Henry D. Hatneld, Governor of West Virginia, and President of the West Virginia Geological Survey Commission: SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Detailed Report and the Topographic and Economic Maps covering the Counties of Lewis and Gilmer. This important Report has been prepared by Assistant Geol- ogist David B. Reger who has for several years been associated with and trained by Assistant Ray V. Hennen in the best methods of geologic work. The Report and Economic Map speak for themselves as to the high character of the geologic results at- tained by Mr. Reger in covering these two counties with his first separate Report for the State. The Soil Report and Map of Lewis and Gilmer have been completed in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Soils, and are now in preparation by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This Soil Report, however, can not be issued for probably a year or more in the future, and it was deemed best not to withhold the State's Geologic Report from publication to await the former's appearance, but to dis- tribute the same when it does appear to all who have received or purchased copies of the State's Geologic Report on these two counties. The State Survey has now perfected arrangements with the Public Printer of the United States by which West Vir- ginia can procure a separate edition of 2,500 copies of the Soil Reports and Maps covering the same areas as our geologic re- ports at a price considerably under what it would cost the State to republish the same as was formerly done. This policy was adopted when our geologic work got ahead of the Government's cooperative Soil work, and will be continued with future pub- lications, since there are now 6 counties (Barbour, Braxton and Gay, and Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan) whose geologic studies have been completed, and upon which the Reports and geologic maps are under preparation, but which have not yet been taken up for Soil study by the U. S. Bureau of Soils. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Vll The mineral riches of Gilmer and Lewis consist largely of oil, gas and coal deposits, aside from the ordinary clays, and shales for brick making, and sandstone for building purposes. There is some limestone in Gilmer County, and much more of it in Lewis, so that this important element of soil fertility, often distributed only in nodules through the red shales, is one of the factors which have made both counties famous as agricultural, horticultural, and grazing districts. The economic geology map shows that both counties lie within the great Appalachian oil and gas belt which passes entirely across West Virginia from Han- cock County on the north to Wayne and Mingo on the Kentucky border, a distance of more than 200 miles, just west of and rudely parallel to the trend of the most western ridge of the Alleghany Mountains. Many people fail to comprehend why oil and gas do not exist in commercial quantity in the Alleghany Mountain regions of the State, or eastward, and considerable money has been wasted in prospecting for these minerals where the quest is hopeless. TRe reason of their absence from old mountain regions like the Alleghanies and the areas to the eastward is that the rocks of those counties, like Preston, Tucker, Grant, Min- eral, Hardy, Randolph, Pocahontas, Greenbrier, Summers, Mon- roe, Mercer, etc., etc., have been fractured and faulted by the great folding to which they have been subjected so that practi- cally all the natural gas and petroleum that they may once have held have escaped into the air, during the ages that have elapsed since the process of folding and mountain making began, and hence unless one were to drill to depths of 6,000 to 10,000 feet in such mountain regions as those of the counties mentioned, and others east of them, there is no chance whatever of finding either oil or gas in commercial volume. It is barely possible that deep down several thousand feet below the surface in these mountain- ous regions of the State the shaly beds of the stratified rock series may have so shingled over the cracks and crevices which penetrate all non-plastic beds like sandstones, limestones, etc., as yet to imprison commercial quantities of these hydro-carbons, so abundant in most of the counties of West Virginia lying west of the mountain region of the State, but even this slight possi- bility is extremely doubtful, and should not be relied upon with any degree of confidence whatever. viii LETTER OF TRAN'SMITTAL. The coal area of Gilmer is not large, since it comes within the belt where the great Pittsburgh seam disappears westward, and with it practically all of the others, so that the western half of Gilmer has practically no commercial coal. Nature, however, as if to make up for this deficiency, has given her large deposits of oil and gas, while to Lewis she has given much coal and oil, and one of the greatest gas fields in the State. In fact from Lewis County hundreds of millions of cubic feet of gas go daily to the States of Ohio. Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Maryland through the pipe line systems and pumping stations of several great gas producing and marketing corporations. Some of the largest gas wells (36 million cubic feet daily) ever measured in the Appalachian field have been found in or near Lewis County. The accompanying economic and structural geologic map shows the coal areas of the two counties as also the anticlinal and synclinal folds which have given origin to the oil and gas pools indicated as already developed. I. C. WHITE, State Geologist. Morgantown, W. Va., March I, 1916. CONTENTS. Page Members of Geological Survey Commission and State Board of Control Ill Members of Scientific Staff V Letter of Transmitted VI-VIII Table of Contents IX-XIII Illustrations XIV-XVI Author's Preface XVII-XIX Errata XX PART I. HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY. Chapter I. — Historical and Industrial Development 1-20 Location 1 Transportation 2-6 Water Ways 2-3 West Fork River 2 Little Kanawha River 2-3 Steam Railroads 3-5 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 3-4 Coal & Coke Railway 4 Elk & Little Kanawha Railroad 4 Walkersville & Ireland Railroad 4-5 Electric Railroads 5 Monongahela Valley Traction Company 5 Highways 5-8 Parkersburg & Staunton Turnpike 5 Buckhannon & Little Kanawha Turnpike 5 Weston & West Union Turnpike 5 Ravenswood, Spencer & Glenville Turnpike 5-6 Clarksburg & Weston Turnpike +, . 6 Ordinary County Roads 6 General Description, Lewis County 6-14 Miscellaneous Items 6-9 Formation 6 Area 7 Relief 7 Population 7 Products Property Valuation Postal Service 8 Towns and Industries 9-13 Villages 13-14 General Description, Gilmer County 14-20 Miscellaneous Items 14-16 Formation 14 Area 14 Relief 14 Population 14-15 Products , 15 Property Valuation 15 Postal Service i . 15-16 Towns and Industries 16-19 Villages 20 X CONTENTS. Page Chapter II.— Physiography 21-32 Physiographic Changes 21-23 Drainage Basins 23-30 Topographic Features 31 River Terraces 31-32 PART II. GEOLOGY. Chapter III. — Structure 33-43 Description of Terms 33 Method of Representing Structure 33-3b Detailed Structure 37-43 General Features 37 Anticlines 38-40 Synclines 40-43 Unconformities and Faults 43 Chapter IV. — Stratigraphy — General Sections 44-102 Introduction 44-45 Lewis County Sections 45-76 Hackers Creek District 45-53 Freemans Creek District 53-61 Courthouse District. 62-66 Skin Creek District 66-67 Collins Settlement District 67-76 Gilmer County Sections 76-100 Troy District 76-81 Dekalb District 81-84 Glenville District 84-93 Center District 93-100 Summary 100-102 Chapter V. — Stratigraphy — The Dunkard Series 103-110 General Account and Section t 103-104 Local Sections 105 Description of Formations 106-110 Rush Run Sandstone 106 Jollytown Sandstone 106 Hundred Sandstone 106 Upper Marietta Sandstone 106-107 Creston Red Shale 107 Lower Marietta Sandstone 107-108 Washington Coal 108 Washington Fire Clay Shale 108 Mannington Sandstone 108-109 Waynesburg Sandstone 109-110 Cassville Plant Shale 110 Chapter VI.— Stratigraphy— The Monongahela Series 111-130 General Description and Section 111-112 Description of Formations 112-130 Waynesburg Coal 112-113 Gilboy Sandstone 113 Uniontown Sandstone 113-114 Annabelle Shale 114 Uniontown Coal 114-119 Uniontown Limestone 120 Arnoldsburg Sandstone 120 CONTENTS. XI Page Upper Sewickley Sandstone 120-121 Sewickley Coal 121-122 Lower Sewickley Sandstone 123 Sewickley Limestone 123 Cedarville Sandstone 124 Redstone Coal 124 Weston Sandstone 124-126 Redstone Limestone 126-128 Weston Shale 128-129 Pittsburgh Coal 129-130 Chapter VII. — Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series 131-159 General Description and Section 131-132 Local Sections 133-134 Description of Formations 134-159 Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone 134-135 Upper Pittsburgh Limestone 136 Little Pittsburgh Coal 136-137 Connellsville Sandstone 137-138 Little Clarksburg Coal 138-139 Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale 139-140 Lower Connellsville Sandstone.. 140-142 Normantown Coal : 143-144 Clarksburg Red Shale 144 Morgantown Sandstone 145-147 Orlando Limestone 147 Elk Lick Coal 148 Elk Lick Limestone 148 Birmingham Shale 149 Graf ton Sandstone 149-150 Ames Limestone and Shale 150-151 Harlem Coal 151-152 Pittsburgh Red Shale 152-153 Jane Lew Sandstone 153-154 Saltsburg Sandstone k 155 Bakerstown Coal 155 Pine Creek Limestone 156 Buffalo Sandstone 156-157 Brush Creek Limestone and Shale 157-158 Brush Creek Coal 158 Mahoning Sandstones 158-159 Uffington Shale 159 Chapter VIII.— Stratigraphy— The Allegheny Series 160-164 General Description and Section 160-161 Description of Formations 161-164 Upper Freeport Coal 161 Upper Freeport Limestone 161 Upper Freeport Sandstone 162 Lower Freeport Coal 162 Lower Freeport Sandstones 162-163 Upper Kittanning Coal 163-164 Lower Kittanning Coal 164 Clarion Sandstone 164 Chapter IX.— Stratigraphy— The Pottsville Series 165-173 General Description and Section 165-168 xii CONTENTS. Page Homewood Sandstone 169 Kanawha Black Flint Mercer (Stockton) Coal , 170 Upper Coalburg Sandstone 170 Coalburg Coal 171 Lower Coalburg Sandstone 171 Winifrede Coal 171-172 Upper Chilton? or Cleveland Sandstone 172-173 PART III. MINERAL RESOURCES. Chapter X.— Petroleum and Natural Gas 174-499 Oil and Gas Horizons 174-177 Description of Productive Sands 177-181 Well Records and Prospective Areas, Lewis County 181-433 Early History 181-182 Summarized Records 182-203 Detailed Well Records, Hackers Creek District 204-251 Detailed Well Records, Freemans Creek District 251-335 Detailed Well Records, Courthouse District 335-406 Detailed Well Records, Skin Creek District 406-421 Detailed Well Records, Collins Settlement District 421-433 Well Records and Prospective Areas, Gilmer County 434-498 Early History 434 Summarized Records 434-441 Detailed Well Records, Troy District 442-451 Detailed Well Records, Dekalb District 451-466 Detailed Well Records, Glenville District 466-484 Detailed Well Records, Center District 484-498 Table of Rock Pressures 499 Chapter XI. — Coal 500-597 Statistics of Coal Production 500-501 Records of Coal Test Borings, Lewis County 504-506 Summarized Records 505 Detailed Records 504-506 Records of Coal Test Borings, Gilmer County 506-509 Summarized Records 507 Detailed Records 506-509 Minable Coals of the Dunkard Series 510-514 Washington Coal 510-514 Minable Coals of the Monongahela Series 515-557 Redstone Coal 515-535 Pittsburgh Coal 535-557 Minable Coals of the Conemaugh Series 558-573 Elk Lick Coal 558-565 Bakerstown Coal 565 573 Minable Coals of the Allegheny Series 573-590 Upper Freeport Coal 573-575 Upper Kittanning Coal 576-579 Lower Kittanning Coal 579-590 Minable Coals of the Pottsville Series 590-592 Mercer Coal 590-592 Summary of Available Coal 592-593 Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts 593 Table of Coal Analyses 593-595 Page References to Descriptions of Coal Mines... .. 596-597 CONTENTS. Xlli Page Chapter XII.— Clay, Road Material, Building Stone, Water Power, Mineral Waters, Forests, and Carbon Black 598-615 Clays and Clay Industry 598-605 Present Development 598-605 Brick and Tile Plants 598-605 Available Clay and Shale 605-606 Transported Clay 605 Residual Clay 605 Stratified Shales 605-606 Fire Clay 606 Road Material 606-607 River and Creek Gravel 606 Limestone 606-607 Brick 607 Building Stone 607-609 Quarries 607-608 Available Stone 608-609 Water Power 609-6 U Available Streams 609-611 Indicated Horse-Power of Streams 611 Mineral Waters 612 Medicinal Springs 612 Forests 612-614 Lewis County 612-613 Original Timber Conditions 612 Present Forest Conditions 612 Areas Suitable for Reforestation 613 Gilmer County 613-614 Original Forest Conditions 613 Present Forest Conditions 613-614 Areas Suitable for Reforestation 614 Carbon Black '. . 614-615 Description of Plants 614-615 PART IV. PALEONTOLOGY. Chapter XIII. — Notes on the Paleontology of Lewis and Gilmer Counties 616-629 Introduction 616-617 Faunal Horizons 618-623 The Faunas 623-629 Conemaugh Series 623-625 Kanawha Group (Pottsville Series) 625-627 Range and Distribution of Fossils, Lewis County 626-627 Register of Localities 628-629 Appendix — Levels Above Mean Tide 630 Index . . 631-660 ILLUSTRATIONS. Maps I and II in Atlas (Under Separate Cover). Map I. — Showing Topography of Lewis and Gilmer Counties. Map II. — Showing General and Economic Geology and Structure Con- tours on the Pittsburgh Coal Horizon. Plates. Facing No. PaSQ- I.— Falls of Glady Creek, at Duffy, Lewis County, over Lower Freeport Sandstone Frontispiece II _View of Weston; Showing State Hospital at left; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 16 HI. — View of Berlin, Lewis County; Hackers Creek in foreground; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 32 IV. — View of Churchville, Lewis County; showing oil wells and Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series; the Uniontown Sandstone appears in the central upper portion.. 48 V. — View of Orlando; showing junction of Baltimore & Ohio and Coal & Coke Railroads; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 64 VI. — View of Glenville; Little Kanawha River in foreground; State Normal School at right; Topography of the Dunkard, Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 80 VII. — View of Troy, Gilmer County; looking up Leading Creek; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 96 VIII. — View of Newberne, Gilmer County, looking up Tanner Creek; showing oil wells and Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series 112 IX.— View at Dekalb, Gilmer County, looking up Little Kanawha River; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 128 X. — Looking down Fink Creek from the mouth of Big Buck Run, 1 mile north of Hurst, Lewis County; the derrick in the fore- ground is that of the John Rastle No. 1 (273) well, which was the first drilled in the Fink Oil Pool; Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series 144 XI. — Hill summits capped by the Waynesburg Sandstone along Dekalb-Center District Line, 1.3 miles southwest of Glenville; Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series 160 XII. — Closer View of Waynesburg Sandstone at same point noted in Plate XI 176 XIII. — Looking northwest along West Fork River, y2 mile south of Jackson Mill, Lewis County; River flood plain in fore- ILLUSTRATIONS. XV Facing Page ground; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series 192 XIV. — Uniontown Sandstone cliff on Laurel Fork, 1.5 miles west of Tanner, Gilmer County; Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series 208 XV. — View on Alum Fork, 1 mile north of Alum Bridge, Lewis County; Sewickley Sandstone on ridge is eroded into "Hay- stack Rocks"; Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone in foreground; Topography of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series... 224 XVI. — Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone, on Alum Fork, 0.7 mile north of Alum Bridge; the alum spring is located beneath the ledge at the right; Topography of the Monongahela and Cone- maugh Series 240 XVII. — Sewickley Sandstone cliff in hill just northwest of Orlando 256 XVIII. — Donlan Quarry in Morgantown Sandstone, at Weston; the Lower Connellsville appears in poor focus at the right upper corner 272 XEX. — Ames Limestone and Birmingham Shale in B. & O. R. R. cut on Maxwell Run, 0.9 mile northeast of Deanville, Lewis County; the 1-foot rule shows the limestone, the shale is above it, and fragments of the Grafton Sandstone appear near sky line 288 XX. — View along Coal & Coke Railway, one-half mile west of Orlando, showing Morgantown Sandstone, Orlando Limestone and Elk Lick Coal. The 6-inch rule is held on the coal 304 XXI. — Buffalo Sandstone, Brush Creek Shale. Brush Creek Lime- stone and Brush Creek Coal, in Coal & Coke Railway cut *4 mile east of Jewell, Lewis County; the rule is held on the coal and the fossil zone is just above it 320 XXII.— B. C. Powers Mine (No. 275 on Map II) in Lower Kittan- ning Coal, 1.1 miles northwest of Cleveland; cloths tied on pole are 2 feet apart; part of seam concealed; total coal and shale, 11 feet 8 inches 336 XXIII (a V— Sicilian's, of the Rhvtidolepis Group, in Lower Division of the Lower Freeport Sandstone. 0.6 mile north of Cleve- land, Lewis County. See Cleveland Section 352 XXIII (b). — Another exposure in the same outcrop as XXIII (a) . . . 352 XXIV. — The Kanawha Black Flint on Glady Creek, 1.1 miles north of Bablin, Lewis County; the 6-inch rule is held on the Flint ledge; see Bablin Section for details 368 XXV. — Looking westward down Little Kanawha River from mouth of Hacker Camp1, 1 mile south of Bablin; Topography of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series 384 xvi ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing Page XXVI. — Cleveland Sandstone cliff along Right Fork of Little Ka- nawha River, % mile west of Bois, Lewis County 400 XXVII. — Falls of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River at Bois, Lewis County; over Cleveland or next underlying sandstone at left and over mill dam on right; Topography of the Potts- ville Series 416 XXVIII. — Looking north at the mouth of Andy Run, % mile east of Bois, Lewis County; Right Fork of Little Kanawha and lumber tramroad at left; Topography of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series 432 XXIX. — Looking down Flat Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Cleveland, Lewis County; Topography of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series 448 XXX. — Looking eastward along Sand Fork at Copley, Lewis County; South Penn Oil Co. buildings in center; Michael Copley Heirs No. 1 (363) well (perhaps the largest ever drilled in West Virginia) at left center; Waynesburg Sand- stone among brush piles near sky line; Topography of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series 464 Figures. No. Page. 1. Showing Progress of Topographic and Geologic Mapping in West Virginia XVIII 2. Showing Location of Lewis and Gilmer Ai-ea XVIII 3. Diagram Showing Relative Position of Coal Seams 503 4. Showing Area of Washington Coal (See Explanation in Text) 511 5. Showing Area of Redstone Coal (See Explanation in Text) . . 517 6. Showing Area of Pittsburgh Coal (See Explanation in Text) . 537 7. Showing Area of Elk Lick Coal (See Explanation in Text) . . 559 8. Showing Area of Bakerstown Coal (See Explanation in Text) 566 9. Showing Area of Upper Freeport Coal (See Explanation in Text) 574 10. Showing Area of Upper Kittanning Coal (See Explanation in Text) 578 11. Showing Area of Lower Kittanning Coal (See Explanation in Text) 581 12. Showing Progress of Studies of Invertebrate Fossils... . 618 AUTHOR'S PREFACE. This book contains a short historical and industrial sketch, a chapter on Physiography, seven chapters on Geology, three chapters on Mineral Resources, and a chapter on Paleontology. In order to describe the several coals and the oil and gas sands in their proper stratigraphic sequence, it was necessary to make an exhaustive study of the entire rock system, both sur- face and underground as far as possible, and to embody a large part of this research in the text in the form of geologic sections and detailed descriptions. This matter may not be of interest to the casual reader but its value to professional men conducting future coal, oil and gas operations in the two counties can not be questioned. Two maps accompany the Report in a separate atlas. Map I consists of the topographic sheets of the U. S. Geological Sur- vey assembled in convenient form to make a complete surface map of the two counties. Map II, showing General and Eco- nomic Geology, gives not only the structure contours based on the bottom of the Pittsburgh Coal, but also the accurate location of, all the oil and gas wells and coal test borings, of which 807 are listed by number both on the map and in the text, and the accurate location by number of the 284 coal openings examined and described. Besides these separate maps, 12 figures appear in the text, of which Nos. 4 to n, inclusive, are intended to show at a glance where the several coal seams are of minable thick- ness and purity. Since these coals are too thin or impure 10 be minable in certain regions, it has been necessary in most of the figures to make Approximate Lines of Disappearance, in referring to which it must be remembered that there -are probably a few patches of good coal on the barren side and corresponding areas where the coal is worthless on the side where coal is shown. Wherever possible, detailed information should be secured from openings or borings published in the text. The author spent the field season of 1914 making the neces- sary researches for this volume, and is responsible for all the data contained in Parts I, II and III, but was helpful in the office Figure 1. — See explanation on figure. Figure 2. — See explanation on figure. AUTHOR S PREFACE. XIX work by Field Assistants R. M. Gawthrop and D. D. Teets, Jr., who made the maps and prepared a large part of the tabulated matter. Part IV, treating of the Paleontology, is the exclusive work of Dr, W. Armstrong Price, Paleontologist, who made the neces- sary collections in the field, and described the fossil forms. The chemical analyses and calorific tests, except a few taken from previous Reports of the Survey, were made by J. Berghius Krak, Assistant Chemist, working under the direction and with the assistance of B. H. Kite, Chief Chemist. In addition to the analyses published in the text, nineteen other samples of coal, limestone and clays were collected in the field and would have appeared in print had not the reduced appropriation of the last State Legislature caused retrenchment in all the activities of the Survey, making it impossible to complete these analyses, as well as eliminating many valuable well records that might have been published. Special acknowledgment is here made of the hearty manner in which many oil and gas companies, and independent operators, cooperated in furnishing valuable well records, secured at pri- vate expense, without the inclusion of which this volume would be incomplete. Credit for all such material furnished is given in the text. Finally, the author expresses his obligation to JJr. I. C White, State Geologist, without whose careful supervision and valuable suggestions this Report would lack much of whatever merit it may have. DAVID B. REGER. Morgantown, W. Va., July 23, 1915. ERRATA. Page 13, 3rd line of description of Jane Lew, for "most," read "midst." Page 32, line 2 from top, for "thin," read "three." Page 37, line 16 from bottom, for "2375," read "2475." Page 51, line 17 from bottom, for "No. 81," read "73." Page 75, under Lower Kittanning Coal at depth of 360 feet, change Nimrod Lake Mine No. 272 to 276. Page 118, No. 33 on Map II, change "Opeinng" to "Opening." Page 125, end of first paragraph, add the words "were based" (which occur under foot-notes). Page 165, line 10 from top, for "ragged," read "rugged." Page 176, line 5 from top, the word "Buffalo)" should follow "First Cow Run (Little Dunkard) Sand" (Buffalo). Page 236, line 1, for "F. C. Farinash," read "F. C. Forinash." PART I. History and Physiography, CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. LOCATION. Lewis and Gilmer Counties, comprising the area treated in this Report, are situated in the central part of West Vir- ginia, being included within the parallels of 39° 11' and 38° 43' North Latitude, and 80° 18' and 81° 04' West Longitude from Greenwich. They lie within the watersheds of the West Fork of the Monongahela and the Little Kanawha Rivers, the waters of which reach the Gulf of Mexico through the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Lewis, the more eastern of the two counties, is bounded on the north by Doddridge and Harrison, on the east by Upshur, on the south by \Vebster, Braxton and Gilmer, and on the west by Braxton, Gilmer and Doddridge Counties. Gilmer is bounded on the north by Ritchie, Dodd- ridge and Lewis, on the east by Lewis and Braxton, on the south by Braxton, and on the west by Calhoun and Ritchie Counties. Their geographical position may be observed in detail from Figures 1 and 2 in this. Volume and from Maps I and II, enclosed in a separate atlas accompanying this Report. 2 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. TRANSPORTATION. Water Ways. West Fork River. — The West Fork River, the largest watercourse in Lewis County, which flows in a northerly direction across the same, meeting the Tygart Valley River at Fairmont to form the Monongahela, is apparently too small to be made navigable. The river is sluggish, the rate of fall from Weston to slackwater at Fairmont, 66 miles, being only 2.1 feet per mile, but the scarcity of any considerable volume of water, especially during the summers, places the stream outside the navigable class. Little Kanawha River. — The Little Kanawha River, which flows across Gilmer County in a westerly direction, has long been an important artery of commerce between Parkersburg and the central counties of the State. A system of locks and dams makes the river navigable throughout the year from Parkersburg to Creston, Wirt County. From the upper lock, situated 1.5 miles above Burning Springs, to the Gilmer County Line at Mussel Shoals, the distance is 48 miles and from Mussel Shoals to Glenville it is 14 miles, making a total of 62 miles from Glenville to the upper lock. From Glenville to the Coal & Coke Railway at Gilmer Station just below the Braxton County Line the distance is 12 miles, making a total distance between Gilmer Station and the Burning Springs lock of 74 miles. In this portion of the river, there is a total fall of 110 feet, or 1.5 feet per mile. At the present time, the river is navigable between these points only during the spring and winter months when there is a considerable traffic on gasoline boats. Since the counties of Gilmer and Calhoun have no rail- roads passing across them, all supplies during the summer and autumn must be hauled by wagon either from Creston at the head of navigation on the Little Kanawha or from the Coal and Coke Railway which only touches the eastern edge of Gilmer, or from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Weston, distant 27 miles from Glenville. It is apparent, therefore, that the improvement of the Little Kanawha River from Burning Springs to Gilmer Station, requiring the construction of ten WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 3 locks, would be of great benefit to the citizens of these two counties. Many investigations have been made by the U. S. War Department regarding the improvement of this portion of the river, most of which have been unfavorable. The last report by a board of engineers reached the following conclusions and recommendations i1 "This river is so narrow and in places so tortuous that even if improved by locks and dams a steamboat and one barge would have difficulty in moving. A tow of such size as is used on the Monongahela or Kanawha Rivers could not be operated. If a coal mine were opera- ted on the river, the plant about the tipple and the necessary opera- tions at that point would almost block the river. Due to the width of the river, locks would have to built smaller than on the Kanawha or Monongahela Rivers. Even if the river were improved, it is not believed coal from here could be brought out cheaply enough to com- pete with coal from either the Monongahela or Kanawha Rivers. There is practically no trade that could be supplied, except where such competition would exist, The valley itself is undeveloped and sparsely settled, has a generous supply of oil and gas, and would afford no market for coal. In fact there seems to be no demand for a new field in this vicinity as the other near by tributaries of the Ohio can readily supply the available markets with* more coal than they do at present. ''Should the effort be made to improve the river, the scarcity of water would entail extra expenditure. "It is believed that this river is unworthy of improvement at this time, and it is recommended that no survey be made." It would seem from this Report that there is little hope of any immediate improvement of the Little Kanawha River and that transportation must be provided in some other manner. Steam Railroads. Richwood Branch, B. & O. R. R.— The Richwood Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which extends in a north and south direction from Clarksburg to Richwood, Nicholas County, a distance of 121 miles, passing entirely across Lewis County in its course, had its origin from a narrow gauge road chartered and built by Hon. J. N. Camden and others under the name of the Clarksburg, Weston and Glenville Transpor- tation Company, and extended from Clarksburg to Weston. That portion of the line between Weston and Clarksburg, ac- cording to Capt. Thomas Smith, a veteran conductor of the 1 House of Representatives, Doc. No. 12, 63rd Congress, 1st Session, 1913, page 9. 4 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. road, was completed in July, 1879, and to Buckhannon in June, 1883. In 1891 and 1892, the West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railroad Company took possession of the line and changed it to standard gauge. The same company extended the road as a standard gauge from Weston to Flatwoods in 1890 and 1891, and to Camden- on-Gauley in 1891 and 1892, and finally completed it to Rich- wood in 1899. The road was sold to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in September, 1899. Pickens Branch, B. & O. R. R.— The Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, extending from Weston to Pickens, Randolph County, 49.3 miles, had its beginning in a narrow gauge line built from Weston to Buckhannon in 1883, under the name of Weston and Buckhannon Railroad Com- pany. This line was taken over by the West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railroad Company and made a standard gauge in 1891 and 1892, and in the same years was extended to Pickens. It was sold to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company in September, 1899. Both the Richwood and Pickens Branches are parts of the Monongah Division of the road. The branches through Lewis County total 55 miles. Coal and Coke Railway. — The Coal and Coke Railway, which extends in an east and west direction from Elkins to Charleston, a distance of 175 miles, and, as shown by Maps I and II, passes through portions of both Lewis and Gilmer, was completed in 1906. Of this road 15 miles is in Lewis but only 1.5 miles is in Gilmer. Elk and Little Kanawha Railroad.— The Elk and Little Kanawha Railroad, which is of narrow gauge construction, extends from Gassaway, Braxton County, to Stumptown, in Gilmer, a distance of 36 miles. It carries passengers and com- mercial freight as far as Shock Station on Right Fork of Steer Creek, but from Shock to its terminus at Stumptown, is oper- ated only as a private lumber railroad. It was completed to its present terminus in 1913, and is an important feeder for the Coal and Coke Railway. Walkersville and Ireland Railroad— The Walkersville and Ireland Railroad extending from Walkersville, Lewis County, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 5 southward to the head of Trace Run of Little Kanawha River, east of Bablin, is another narrow gauge feeder of the Coal and Coke. This road, which carries freight only, was built from Walkersville to Ireland in 1907, and completed to its present terminus in 1914. Electric Railroads. Monongahela Valley Traction Company. — The Mononga- hela Valley Traction Company operates an electric line be- tween Clarksburg and Weston which does a general passenger, freight and express business. The line, which closely paral- lels the B. & O. Railroad, was completed in 1913. Highways. Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike. — The Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, which extends in an east and west direction across 'both Lewis and Gilmer, passing through \Yeston, Camden, Aradis, Troy, and Coxs Mills, had its begin- ning by act of the Virginia General Assembly passed in 1823, but was not completed until after 1853, when the final appro- priation for macadamizing the road was made. The original macadam has long since disappeared but the excellent grade remains. Buckhannon and Little Kanawha Turnpike. — The Buck- hannon and Little Kanawha Turnpike, which was authorized by act of the Virginia General Assembly March 15, 1849, to extend from Buckhannon by way of Haymond's Mill, Braxton County, to an intersection with the Weston and Sutton road, crosses the southern end of Lewis, passing through Crawford, Walkersville and Jacksonville. According to W. B. Cutright2, it was completed in the early fifties. Weston and West Union Turnpike. — The Weston and West Union Turnpike branches from the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike at Dry Fork of Polk Creek, four miles west of Weston, and is built through Churchville, Coldwater and New Milton to West Union. Ravenswood, Spencer and Glenville Turnpike. — The Ra- History of Upshur County, p. 322; 1907. 6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. venswood, Spencer and Glenville Turnpike extends from the Ohio River at Ravenswood, Jackson County, through Spencer, Arnoldsburg, Millstone, Stumptown, Lockney, Normantown and Lettergap to Glenville. Since it passes through a region where there is little railroad transportation, it has long been an important artery of travel. Clarksburg and Weston Turnpike. — The Clarksburg and Weston Turnpike extends from Clarksburg through Byron, Lost Creek, McWhorter and Jane Lew to Weston, being closely parallel to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Sincve its route is mostly over a red clay soil and it is not macadam- ized, it is usually not fit for travel in winter, but in the sum- mer months is a good road. Ordinary County Roads. — Aside from the few turnpikes mentioned above, the highways of Lewis and Gilmer are mostly unimproved dirt roads, many of which become impass- able in the winter months on account of the heavy hauling to the oil and gas fields. No attempt has been made in either county to macadamize or pave them. According to Hon. A. D. Williams, State Road Engineer, there are 650 miles of wagon roads in Lewis and 575 in Gilmer. GENERAL DESCRIPTION, LEWIS COUNTY. Miscellaneous Items. Formation. — The following account of the formation of Lewis County is given by Hon. Virgil A. Lewis5 : "Lewis County was formed from Harrison by an Act of Assembly passed December 18, 1816, by which the boundaries were defined to be: 'Beginning at the head of the left hand fork of Jesse's run; thence a straight line to the mouth of Kincheloe's creek; thence up said creek to the dividing ridge; thence a west course to the Wood county line; thence to include all the south part of Harrison down to the mouth of the Buckhannon River; thence a straight line to the beginning.' The Act directed that the first court should be held at Westfield, and appointed the following named commissioners to locate the county seat: Edward Jackson, Elias Lowther, John McCoy, Lewis Max- well and Daniel Stringer. "The county was named in memory of Colonel Charles Lewis, who was killed at the battle of Point Pleasant. He was the youngest son of John Lewis, the pioneer settler of Augusta County, and a brother of General Andrew Lewis, who commanded the Virginians at Poin* Pleasant." 'History of West Virginia, p. 636; 1889. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The area of Lewis County, as enumerated above, has been greatly reduced by the formation of Barbour, Doddridge, Gil- mer, Ritchie and Upshur Counties, all of which secured a sec- tion of its original territory. Area. — The area of Lewis County, as determined with planimeter by Gawthrop from the topographic sheets of the U. S. Geological Survey, is as follows : Districts. Hackers Creek j^reemans Creek Courthouse Skin Creek Collins Settlement.. Square Miles. . . . . 62.08 . . . . 114.53 84.64 40.47 89.63 Total for County 391.35 Relief. — The surface of Lewis County varies in elevation from 760 feet above sea level, at the point where Leading Creek crosses the Lewis-Gilmer Line at Linn, to 1950 feet at the summit of a high knob 1.8 miles northwest of Cleveland, in the southern panhandle, making a maximum variation of 1190 feet, and thus rendering climatic conditions much the same over the entire county. Population. — The following table, taken from the U. S. Census returns for 1910, shows the population of Lewis County by magisterial districts for the last three enumerations : Population of Lewis County. Minor Civil Division. 1910 Collins Settlement District. . .| 3,068 Court House District, including parts of Wards 1 to 4 of Weston town. . Weston town (part of) Total for Weston town in Court House, Freemans C r e ek and Hackers Creek Districts Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 Freemans Creek District, including parts of Wards 1 and 2 of Weston town Weston town (part of) Hackers Creek District, including Jane Lew town and parts of Wards 2 and 4 of Wes- ton town Jane Lew town Weston town (part of) Skin Creek District.. 5,177 950 2,213 756 443 492 522 5,283 633 3,522 327 630 1,231 1900 3,200 4,721 1,931 2,560 4,564 253 2,951 "376 1,544 1890 3,015" 2,629 2,143 4,122 4,53? 2.14J 1,596 Totals for County (18,281 (16,980 115,895 8 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. Products. — The principal animal products of Lewis are cattle, horses, sheep, hogs, poultry and mules, in the order named. The principal agricultural products are corn, potatoes, hay, apples, wheat, and oats. The soil of the county is espe- cially adapted to forage crops, most of it being known as blue grass land. The principal mineral and manufactured products are natural gas, oil, coal, brick, clay, building stone, glassware, and carbon black. Property Valuation. — According to Hon. J. S. Darst, State Auditor, the following table shows the property valuation for the two years ending with 1914: 1913 1914 Real Estate $11,676,600 $11,908,905 Personal Property 5,860,410 6,280,460 Totals $17,537,010 $18,189,365 According to the above figures, Lewis ranks seventeenth in the State in point of wealth. Postal Service. — As is true in many other counties of the State, the reorganization of the Post-Office Department and the establishment of rural free delivery routes has caused many of the small post-offices of the county to be abandoned. The following table compiled from information supplied by Assistant Postmaster Reger, at Weston, shows the post-offices and rural routes now (November 11, 1914) in existence in the county : Lewis County Post-Offices. Post Offices. Number R. F. D. Routes of Post Offices. Number of R. F. D. Routes. Alum Bridge Ireland Bablin Jane L/ew 2 Camden 2 jewel Crawford Fink 1 Kemper Orlando 2 Freemansburg . . . 1 Roanoke 3 Homer 2 Vadis Hurst Walkersville 1 Ingo . . Weston . 6 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 9 From the above information, it will be seen that Lewis County has 18 post-offices and 20 rural free delivery routes. Towns and Industries. There are only two incorporated towns in Lewis County, but there are numerous thriving villages that have no town charters. Weston. \\~eston, the county seat of Lewis, is located on the West Fork River, at the point where it receives the tributary streams of Stonecoal and Polk Creeks. The following account by Lewis4 gives the early history of the town : "Weston, the county seat, was established a town under the name of 'Preston,' January, 1818, on lands of Daniel Stringer and Lewis Maxwell; Henry McWhorter, William Peterson, James M. Camp and Robert Collins were appointed trustees. By an Act of February 20, 1819, the name of the town was changed to 'Fleshersville.' This, how- ever, does not appear to have been satisfactory, for on the 19th of the following December, it was enacted that the town established in fhe county of Lewis, by the name of 'Preston,' afterward changed to 'Fleshersville,' shall hereafter be known by the name of 'Weston.' " \Yeston is built principally on the flood plain of the West Fork River, its general elevation being about 1025 feet above sea level. It owes its existence principally to the county busi- ness and partly to the unsurpassed agricultural region which entirely surrounds it and for which it is the natural supply point. In addition to these features, it has one of the largest eleemosynary institutions in the State, and has also an impor- tant glass manufacturing industry. One of its largest sources of income and growth is the great natural gas industry that surrounds it and for which it handles most of the supplies. It is not unusual on Monday mornings to see one hundred heavy wagons loaded with pipe and gas well supplies starting for the various fields. The town is served by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the branches of which, as previously described, extend in three directions and offer good facilities for distribution and supply. Virgil A. Lewis, History of West Virginia, p. 636; 1889. IO HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. In addition to the steam railroad, the Monongahela Valley Traction Company provides handy passenger service to Clarksburg. Weston State Hospital.— The Weston State Hospital, formerly known as the West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, which is located at Weston, is the second largest public insti- tution of any sort within the State. It is devoted entirely to the treatment of insane patients, having 1,035 of these unfor- tunates on July 1, 1914. It is supported by State appropria- tions, the annual expense being about $140,000. The pay roll shows that, including the Superintendent, Dr. C. W. Halter- man, and three other physicians, 146 persons are employed, the annual amount of salaries for 1914 totaling $53,782.61. The following facts taken from the State Board of Control Report5 shows the scope and character of the institution : "Historical. "This is the oldest public institution of the State. It was estab- lished by the State of Virginia by an act of the legislature passed in 1858, the first appropriation being $25,000.00. The first building, a one-story structure, was ready for occupancy in September, 1859, and the first patients were admitted in October, 1859. Nine patients had been maintained in a hospital at Columbus, Ohio, pending the erection of the hospital at Weston. "Dr. R. Hills, of Columbus, Ohio, was the first superintendent, and the succeeding ones have been Dr. W. J. Bland in 1882, Dr. John H. Lewis in 1886, Dr. W. P. Crumbacker in 1892, Dr. W. E. Stathers in 1896, Dr. A. H. Kunst in 1900, Dr. S. M. Steele in 1906, Dr. Chas. W. Halterman in 1914. "The institution was taken over by the State of West Virginia upon its admission into the Union, and in 1866 a number of insane patients were removed to it from the hospitals at Williamsburg and Staunton, and the State of Virginia was paid $23,700.00 for their sup- port while in those institutions. jw- "Grounds. "The grounds belonging to the Hospital contain about 335 acres: the property fronts about 2,000 feet on the West Fork River opposite the town of Weston and extends back over the hills to the north to a depth sufficient for this acreage. With the exception of the ground on which the buildings are located, extending back from the river abo"T 800 feet, the land is very steep and entirely unsuitable for tillage A very small portion is used for gardening, but in the main it is usrri only for grazing. "Third Annual Report, State Board of Control, pp. 57-58; Part I; 1914. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. II "Buildings. "The general Hospital building has a frontage of 1290 feet, con- sisting of a central portion — the Administration Building — with wings extendng on either side north and south. The corridors connect a.i. the wards with one another and with the central building. In the rear of the main building are the following: "(1) The Atkinson Building; erected in 1897, three stories, con- taining three wards, all used for male patients. "(2) Building for colored patients; three-story brick, containing two wards, one for male and the other for female patients. "(3) Laundry Building; occupied by the laundry, with a plumb- ing shop and power in the basement. "(4) Electric Power House; one-story brick building, containing the electric light machinery, ice plant and three cold storage rooms. These cold storage rooms should be torn down and rebuilt at once, as they are ill-smelling and insanitary. "(5) Patients' Kitchen; 45x75, equipped with the necessary out- fit for the cooking which must be done on a large scale for such an institution. "(6) Sick Patients' Kitchen. "(7) Bake Shop; one-story brick building, containing oven, dough mixer, engine and other necessary utensils. "(8) Store Room; two-story brick building, the lower floor con- taining the main store room, clothes-cutting and sewing room; the upper floor is used as an attendants' dining room, with kitchen and dining room attached. This building is in bad condition. "(9) Morgue; a stone building used to prepare for burial or shipment the bodies of patients who die in the hospital. "(10) Hose house, small frame building containing all the hose and fire-fighting apparatus. "(11) Greenhouses. "(12) Cow Barn and Horse Barn; two old, large frame struc- tures; both out of date and unsanitary." Crescent Window Glass Company. — The Crescent Win- dow Glass Company, established in 1903, with head office and works along the B. & O. R. R. at the south end of Weston, manufactures window glass exclusively, the annual capacity being 200,000 boxes. There are two 24 blower tanks and at the time the factory was inspected (June 24, 1914) all glass was blown by hand, but according to J. B. Eads, office man, it was the intention to use the Healy blowing machine in one- half the factory after January 1, 1915. The product is shipped in all directions. The plant uses sand from Ten Mile, W. Va., lime from Martinsburg, soda ash from Wyandotte, Mich., and salt cake from Cleveland, Ohio. The average monthly con- sumption of gas is 45,000,000 cu. ft., at a cost of 4 cents per thousand. The plant runs 8^2 months annually, having 290 12 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. men employed, of which 175 are skilled workmen and 115 laborers, the monthly pay roll amounting to $22,000. Travis Glass Company. — The Travis Glass Company, with head office at Clarksburg, VV. Va., has a branch plant at Weston, located on the West Fork River, along the B. & O. R. R., at the south end of the town, operating under a lease from the Lewis County Glass Company, the owner of the plant. The factory was first established under the name of the Bendale Lighting Glass Company, but wras later sold to the Bastow Manufacturing Company, and finally came into the hands of its present owners. According to Charles Bass- ford, Superintendent, the plant manufactures milk bottles, with an output of 12 tons daily, the total capacity of the tank being 90 tons. The O'Neil semi-automatic machine is used for blowing the product. Natural gas is used for fuel at a cost of 4l/2 cents per thousand cubic feet. The plant runs 11^ months annually, the list of employees totaling 65, of which 47 are men and 18 boys, 26 of the men being classed as skilled labor. Weston Brick Works.— The Weston Brick Works, with its head office at Weston and works at the south end of the town, will be fully described in Chapter XII, under the sub- ject' of "Clay". Danser Manufacturing and Supply Company.- — The Dan- ser Manufacturing and Supply Company, with head office at Weston, the works being one-eighth mile north of the B. & O. R. R. station, was established in 1905. According to W. C. Danser, President and General Manager, the concern manu- factures heating stoves, oil well tools, gray iron castings, and does a general repair and jobbing business. Twenty-five men, of whom 10 are skilled workmen, are employed, with an aver- age weekly pay roll of $400. B. & O. R. R. Shops.— The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company has maintained general repair shops at the north end of Weston since 1889. According to G. A. Schafer, General Foreman, 85 men are employed, of whom 30 are skilled work- men. Bennett Bros. Post Factory. — Bennett Brothers operate a small factory, located on the Pickens Branch of the B. & O. \VEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 13 Railroad at the east end of Weston. This plant, which was first established as the Monarch Tile Works, according to one of the workmen, now makes cement posts, pillar blocks, and all kinds of cement blocks. Buckhannon River sand from Silica, W. Va., is used in connection with limestone screenings for the aggregate material. The plant does not run all the time and is a small concern, only two men being employed when visited (June 30, 1914). The Bennett and Garrett Stone Quarry, located at the mouth of Stonecoal Creek, will be described in Chapter VII, under the description of the Lower Connellsville Sandstone. Jane Lew. Jane Lew, the second town of Lewis County, is situated at the point where the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad crosses Hackers Creek, being in the most of what is perhaps the rich- est agricultural and stock grazing region of the State. Its name is derived jointly from that of Lewis Maxwell and Jane Maxwell, his wife, early settlers of the community. Besides being the supply point for a large farming community, Jane Lew is surrounded with numerous producing gas wells that add largely to its prosperity. It was incorporated as a town in 1907. with a population, in 1910, of 327, according to the U. S. Census returns, but its growth has been rapid, and Burkett Hall, Mayor, estimates the population in 1914 at 400 to 500 persons. The Jane Lew Brick and Drain Tile Works will be fully described in Chapter XII under the subject of "Clay". Villages. There are numerous unincorporated villages situated throughout Lewis County, of which the following list gives the principal ones with their populations, most of which are by actual count made in the presence of the writer : 14 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. Lewis County Villages. Population Population Village. 1914. Village. 1914. Berlin 70(A) Homer 64(A) Camden 64(A) Ireland 123 (A) Churchville 122 (E) Jacksonville 27 (A) Copley 75(E) Orlando 250(E) Crawford 90(A) Roanoke 123(A) Freemansburg 27(A) Vadis 115(A) Gaston 40(A) Walkersville 196(A) A — Actual count by Postmaster or other responsible person in 1914. E — Estimate by Postmaster or other responsible person in 1914. GENERAL DESCRIPTION GILMER COUNTY. Miscellaneous Items. Formation. — Gilmer County was created by Act of the Virginia General Assembly February 3, 1845, from parts of Lewis and Kanawha Counties, and was named after Thomas Walker Gilmer, a former Governor of Virginia. Area. — The area of Gilmer County, as determined with planimeter by Gawthrop from the topographic sheets of the United States Geological Survey, is as follows : Districts. Square Miles. Troy 69.06 Dekalb 73.05 Glenville 78.65 Center 121.64 Total for County 342.40 Relief. — The surface of Gilmer County varies from 690' above sea level at Stumptown on Steer Creek to 1600' at Locust Knob, three miles east of Stouts Mills, a variation of 910 feet. There is no marked change in climatic conditions in different parts of the County. Population. — The following table, taken from the U. S. Census returns for 1910, shows the population of Gilmer County by magisterial districts for the last three enumera- tions : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Population of Gilmer County. Minor Civil Division. 1910 1900 1890 Center District 3 347 3 193 2 476 Dekalb District. ... 2 145 2 336 1 974 Glenville District, including Glenville and Lay- opolis towns 3 617 3 591 2 794 Glenville town 336 398 329 Lavopolis town; 156 Troy District, including Trov town 2,270 2,642 2 502 Troy town . . . 144 148 Totals for County 11,379 11,762 9,746 Products. — The principal animal products of Gilmer County are cattle, horses, sheep, poultry, hogs and mules. The principal agricultural products are corn, potatoes, hay, apples, wheat, and oats. The soil of the county, like that of Lewis, is especially adapted to forage crops, being natural blue grass land. The principal mineral products are coal, oil and gas. There is no manufacturing industry in the County. Property Valuation. — According to Hon. J. S. Darst, State Auditor, the following table shows the property valuation for the two years ending with 1914: 1913 1914 Real Estate $6,156,981 $6,240,254 Personal Property 2,088,368 2,329,060 Totals $8,245,349 $8,569,314 A comparison of the above figures with those for other counties in the Auditor's Report shows that Gilmer ranks 40th in point of wealth in the State. . Postal Service. — As noted in Lewis County, the establish- ment of rural free delivery routes has caused many former post-offices to be abandoned. Since there are only a few miles of railroad in the County, almost the entire postal service de- pends on automobile, wagon, or horseback service, thus caus- ing considerable inconvenience and delay. The following table shows the post-offices and rural routes now (October 5. 1914) in existence in the County : 16 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. Post-Offices. Number of K. i>'. D. Post-Offices Routes. Number of R. F. .D. Routes. Arbela Newberne Baldwin Normantown Cedarville Orton Conings Perkins Coxs Mills . . . 1 Revel Dekalb Revere Dora Rudkin Dusk Sand Fork Gilmer Shoal Glenville . . . Stouts Mills Hardman ... . Stumptown Index Tanner Lettergap Troy Linn 1 Valley Withers Towns and Industries. There are four incorporated towns in Gilmer County, all of them being small and devoted principally to the supply of their respective country trades. Glenvilk. Glenville, the county seat of Gilmer, is located on the Little Kanawha River, 12 miles from the Coal and Coke Rail- way at Gilmer Station, and 27 miles from Weston. Supplies are hauled principally from Gilmer Station, but there is a daily mail service both to Gilmer and Weston and in summer auto- mobile hack lines furnish fairly convenient communication with both places. It was incorporated March 10, 1856, the first town election being held by B. Conrad, George E. Ball and Preston Pew. The present population (Census of 1910) is 336. The town lies in the midst of a good farming commu- nity, and also has the county business, as well as one of the State Normal Schools. Glenville State Normal School.— The State of West Vir- ginia maintains a Normal School in Glenville that adds ma- terially to the business prosperity and educational welfare of the community. The institution employs, in addition to the Principal, Prof. S. O. Bond, sixteen instructors and has an o be QJ O c/i >^ 1 PH 1 s ;_ ^ Q) 31 « "* West Fork River, Fall Run to Walkersville.. 5.71 1501 26.31 4.511.27 West Fork River, W'alkersville to Roanoke... 10.5 35 3.31 4.6|2.29 West Fork River, Roanoke to Weston 14.0 40 2.9 7.611.84 West Fork River, Weston to Hackers Creek.. 13.0 35 2.7! 7.8J1.67 Hackers Creek, Ruraldale to Berlin 8 0 851 10.fi 6.7|1.19 Hackers Creek, Berlin to mouth. . 13 5 60 4 4 7 Q!1 71 Jesse Run, Upshur Co. Line to mouth. 5.8 190 32.7 5.011.16 Kincheloe Creek, Benson to mouth 6 0 70 11.6 5.411.11 Freemans Creek, Freemansburg to mouth. 6.2 40 6.4! 3.4 1.82 Right Fork, Smoky Fork to Free- 1 mansburg 3.1| 30 9.7) 2.9(1.07 24 PHYSIOGRAPHY. Streams. s O (3 H a j o> !*£ £g I PS a i«! -2 « tf S Left Fork, upper road fork to Free- mansburg ...................... 4 . 8. 7. 6 . 4. Stonecoal Creek, Snyder Run to mouth. Right Fork, Glady Park to Homer. Polk Creek, Camden to mouth Murphy Creek, Jacks Hollow to mouth. Skin Creek, Wheeler Fork to Little Skin Creek .............................. 5 . Skin Creek, Little Skin Creek to mouth.. j 3. Little Skin Creek, Hershman Run to | mouth . .. ....................... j 3. Sand Fork, Marsh School to mouth ....... 6. Right Fork, Ireland to Walkersville ...... 4. Little Kanawha River, Arlington to Ingo ..... 5. Little Kanawha River, Ingo to Wildcat ....... 4. Little Kanawha River, Wildcat to Burnsville. 22. Little Kanawha River, Burnsville to Glenville. 17. Little Kanawha River, Glenville to Russet ____ |20. Steer Creek, Forks to mouth ............ | 5 . Bear Fork, Trace Fork to mouth ......... 5 . Left Fork, German to Steer Run .......... 13 . Left Fork, Steer Run to mouth ........... 5 . Steer Run, Mark Run to mouth ....... 3 . Right Fork, Rosedale to Crooked Fork... 7. Right Fork, Crooked Fork to mouth ...... 5. Crooked Fork, Progress to mouth ---- 7. Tanner Creek, Shanty Run to Tanner.... 6. Tanner Creek, Tanner to mouth .......... 5 . Grass Run, Lettergap to mouth .......... 5. Cedar Creek, Cutlips to Cedarville ........... 8. Cedar Creek, Cedarville to Grandcamp Run. . . 10. Cedar Creek, Grandcamp Run to mouth ....... | 5, Sinking Creek, Garfield Run to mouth ........ | 5. Leading Creek, 80°35' meridian to Alum Fork.| 5. Leading Creek, Alum Fork to Cove Creek . . . . j 8 . Leading Creek, Cove Creek to Alice .......... Leading Creek, Alice to mouth ............... Horn Creek, Coxs Mills to mouth ........ Cove Creek, Leopold to Big Run ......... Cove Creek, Big Run to mouth ........... j 4. Little Cn^e Creek, Lewis Co. Line to | mouth ........................... 4 , Fink Creek, Churchville to Dry Fork ..... 3 . Fink Creek, Dry Fork to Vadis ........... 8. Fink Creek, Vadis to mouth .............. 4. Stewart Creek, Baldwin to mouth ............ | 5 Sand Fork, Wolf pen Run to Copley ........... | 7. Sand Fork, Copley to Indian Fork ............ j 6 . Sand Fork, Indian Fork to mouth ............. I 5 . Ellis Creek, Right Fork to mouth ........ ' 2. Indian Fork, Goosepen Run to mouth ..... | 9 60 80 220 90 13.! 9.' 31.1 15. 17.7 45 7 35 11 I 3.81. 6.71. 5.61. 5.41. 3.9|1. 4.911. 2.7|1. 500 100 22 180 2 3.51. 01 5.5J1. 3.711 4.2|1. 3.01 30 30| 100 150 30 150 65 20 130 150 55 140 7.913.5 3. 1. 5. 18 27 .411.1)1 5|12.4|1. 4.0(1. 3.7|1 7.51 3.7 70 70 6 15| 3. 135| 23. 200| 35. 75| 9. 10| 1. S0| 3. 55J 13. 80| 17. 35| 7. I 190| 43. 75! 19. 80J 10. 301 7. 105| 19. 140! 1». 60J 9. 20| 4. 10W 35. 170! 18. 3.1J1 5.811 0| 3.2(1 7| 4.6|1 1| 4.311 3| 6.011 7 3.0|2 7| 4.7|1 4| 3.1J1 4| 3.7(1 4| 3.7(1 I 2j 4.01 2| 3.2(1 0| 5.4|1 31 2.611 81 4.211 7! 5.711 8! 3.911 0! 3.1'1 61 2. OH 9! 7.0|1 13 24 26 11 16 .20 .16 08 ,09 . .21 19 .33 ,67 .60 ,66 54 .43 73 .70 .09 .60 .68 .12 .10 .33 .18 ^79 .56 .24 .32 .33 .00 .76 .32 .24 .27 .10 .22 .48 .59 .26 .24 .56 .61 .40 .28 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Streams. Copen Run, Bull Fork to mouth Oil Creek, Twolick Run to Orlando Oil Creek, Orlando to mouth Clover Fork, First road fork to Orlando. Right Fork, Cleveland to Wildcat Glady Creek, First road fork to Duffy Glady Creek, Duffy to mouth Cherry Fork, First fork to mouth .... 4.2 4.4 130| 31. 100 22. 15| 4. 5.2] 200J 38. 5.2) 335| 64. 3.1| 65| 21. 2.2| 210| 95. 2.1| 220J104. 0! 3.0|1 6| 3.9|1 2j 3.5J1 41 4.0J1 4| 3.8|1. 0| 2.6J1 4| 1.9J1. 9| 1.9|1. The following table, prepared by Gawthrop, gives a plani- metric determination of the areas of the different drainage basins of the two counties, the U. S. topographic sheets being" used for authority : Areas of Drainage Basins. Streams. Square Miles. West Fork River, including Hackers Creek 298.00 Hackers Creek, total above mouth 54 .40 Jesse Run 10.74 Kincheloe Creek 21.30 Freemans Creek 31.00 Stonecoal Creek 49 . 95 Polk Creek 11 . 30 Murphy Creek 6.50 Rush Run 6 . 75 Skin Creek, total above mouth 33.00 Little Skin Creek 9.10 Sand Fork 12.35 Right Fork 11.50 Little Kanawha River, including Steer Creek 915.00 Steer Creek, total above mouth 209 . 30 Bear Fork 18.00 Right Fork, total above mouth 92 . 20 Crooked Fork 16 . 35 Left Fork, total above mouth 50 . 40 Steer Run 8.10 Tanner Creek 36 . 70 Grass Run 12.50 Cedar Creek 81 . 55 Sinking Creek 10.30 Leading Creek, total above mouth 146 . 65 Horn Creek 20 . 20 Cove Creek 32.20 Fink Creek.. 42.95 26 PHYSIOGRAPHY. Streams. "Square Miles7~ Stewart Creek 9-40 Sand Fork, total above mouth 79 . 45 Ellis Creek 7 . 50 Indian Fork 22 . 50 Duskcamp Run 8.60 Copen Run 9.65 Oil Creek, total above mouth 31 . 90 Clover Fork 9 . 25 Right Fork 37.50 Glady Creek 8.50 Cherry Fork 4.20 West Fork River. The West Fork River, which forms the principal drainage basin of Lewis, is a northward flowing stream, being one of the constituent branches of the Monongahela at Fairmont. Its source is in Upshur County, three miles southwest of Rock Cave. The elevation at its source is 1700' and at the Lewis- Harrison Line is 975' above sea level, and at Fairmont 880', a total fall of 820' ; and its length from head to mouth is 100 miles. Its course is through a farming region, most of the land being cleared, the result being that the river has torren- tial floods in winter and spring, and its flow is reduced to a minimum in the summer and autumn when water is most needed. The total area of its drainage basin is 843 square miles, and of that portion above and including Hackers Creek is 298 square miles. The principal tributaries of the West Fork in Lewis County are Hackers Creek, Kincheloe Creek, Freemans Creek, Stonecoal Creek, Polk Creek, Murphy Creek, Rush Run, Skin Creek, Sand Fork, and Right Fork. Hackers Creek rises in Upshur County at an elevation of about 1750' and flows westward entirely across Lewis, empty- ing into the West Fork in Harrison County, the elevation of its mouth being 980', making a total fall of 770 feet. Its course from the head to Berlin is nearly straight but from Berlin to its mouth the valley is wide and the creek has a meandering course, showing that it has nearly reached base level. The area of its drainage basin is 54.4 square miles. Kincheloe Creek rises at the corner of Lewis, Harrison and Doddridge, at an elevation of 1500', and flows eastward to WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2.J the West Fork, a distance of 8.5 miles, the elevation of its mouth being 980', making a total fall of 520 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 21.3 square miles. Freemans Creek rises at the Lewis-Doddridge Line and flows eastward to the West Fork, the tidal elevation of its source being 1500' and its mouth 1000', making a total fall of 500' in a length of 12.5 miles. The area of its drainage basin is 31 square miles. Stonecoal Creek rises in Upshur County at an elevation of 1700', flows northwestward to the West Fork at Weston, a distance of 15.5 miles, the elevation of its mouth being 1000', making a total fall of 700 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 49.95 square miles. Polk Creek rises along the Freemans Creek-Courthouse District Line, at an elevation of 1550', flows eastward 7.5 miles to the West Fork at Weston where its elevation is 1000', making a total fall of 550 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 11.3 square miles. Murphy Creek rises in Courthouse District, near Edmis- ton, at an elevation of 1550', flows northeastward a distance of 5.5 miles to the West Fork, where its elevation is 1010' making a total fall of 490 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 6.5 square miles. Rush Run rises in Courthouse District at an elevation of 1525', flows nearly north and almost parallel to the West Fork until it joins the latter stream. Its total length is 5 miles and the elevation at its mouth is 1015', the total fall being 510 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 6.75 square miles. Skin Creek rises at the Lewis-Upshur Line near Abbott, at an elevation of 1700', flows northwestward a distance of 11 miles to the West Fork where its elevation is 1015', making a total fall of 685 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 33 square miles. Sand Fork rises in Upshur County, near Frenchton, at an elevation of 1800', flows northwestward a distance of 8.5 miles to the West Fork at Roanoke, where its elevation is 1040'', making a total fall of 760 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 12.35 square miles. Right Fork rises at the Lewis-Braxton Line, near Letch. 28 PHYSIOGRAPHY. at an elevation of 1750', flows northward 6 miles to its junc- tion with the West Fork at Walkersville where its elevation is 1080', making a total fall of 670 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 11.5 square miles. Little Kanawha River. The Little Kanawha River, which flows across the south- ern end of Lewis and entirely across Gilmer, has its rise near Craddock in Upshur, at an elevation of 2765 feet. Its eleva- tion at the western edge of Lewis is 950' ; at the western edge of Gilmer, 680' ; and at its junction with the Ohio River ?t Parkersburg, 564', making a total fall of 2201 feet. Except at the headwaters where there is a considerable forest area, most of its course is through a cleared region and it is subject to floods in winter and spring. Several careful hand leveled measurements show that its flood plain has a height of 28 feet at: Hattie, 31 feet at Millseat Run, 31 feet at Glenville, 27 feet at Sand Fork, and 26 feet at Stouts Mills. Its general course is northwestward at right angles to the mountain folds. Its length is 145 miles and its drainage basin has an area of abouV 2150 square miles. Its principal tributaries in Gilmer are Steer Creek, Tanner Creek, Grass Run, Cedar Creek, Sinking Creek, Leading Creek, Sand Fork, Duskcamp Run and Copen Run. Its tributaries in Lewis include Oil Creek, Right Fork, Glady Creek and Cherry Fork. Steer Creek rises in Braxton near Dessie, at an elevation of 1500', and flows northward 28.5 miles to Russet in Calhoun where it empties into the Little Kanawha at an elevation of 675', making a total fall of 825 feet. Its total drainage basin has an area of 209.3 square miles. In comparison to its length, the drainage basin seems large, but this is due to the fact that the creek has several unusually large tributaries, making a wide fan-shaped basin. Tanner Creek rises at the Ritchie-Gilmer Line north of Newberne at an elevation of 1340', and flows southwestward 14 miles to the Little Kanawha at Latonia, where its elevation is 685', making a total fall of 655 feet. The area of its drain- age basin is 36.7 square miles. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 29 Grass Run rises near Lettergap at an elevation of about 1400', and flows northwestward 6.5 miles to the Little Ka- nawha, where its mouth is 685' above sea level, making a total fall of 715 feet. Its drainage basin has an area of 12.5 square miles. Cedar Creek rises in Braxton, near Flatwoods, at an eleva- tion of 1650', and flows northwestward 32 miles to the Little Kanawha, where its elevation is 690', making a total fall of 960 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 81.55 square miles. This area is less than half that of Steer Creek, although the length of Cedar Creek is the greater of the two. Sinking Creek rises in Gilmer northeast of Newberne, at an elevation of 1380', and flows southward 7.6 miles to the Little Kanawha, where its elevation is 695', making a total fall of 685 feet. Its drainage basin has an area of 10.3 square miles. Leading Creek rises in Lewis just east of Camden Gas Station at an elevation of 1500', and flows southwest\vard 28.5 miles to Revel where it joins the Little Kanawha, at an eleva- tion of 695', making a total fall of 805 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 146.65 square miles. It has three large tribu- taries, Horn Creek, Cove Creek and Fink Creek. Stewart Creek rises in Troy District, Gilmer, near Linn, at an elevation of about 1300', and flows southwestward 7 miles to the Little Kanawha above Glenville, the elevation of its mouth being 705', making a total fall of 595 feet. The area of- its drainage basin is 9.4 square miles. Sand Fork rises in Courthouse District, Lewis, 2^ miles east of Gillooly, at an elevation of 1500', and flows southwest- ward 19.5 miles to Layopolis, where it empties into the Little Kanawha, the elevation of its mouth being 720', making a total fall of 780 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 79.45 square miles. Its principal tributaries are Ellis Creek, Indian Creek and Butchers Fork. Duskcamp Run rises in Gilmer along the Center-Glenville District Line, at an elevation of 1500' and flows northward 4 miles to the Little Kanawha River above Layopolis, the eleva- tion at its mouth being 725', making a fall of 775 feet. Its drainage basin has an area, of 8.6 square miles. 3O PHYSIOGRAPHY. Copen Run rises in Braxton County, near Delta, at an ele- vation of 1500', and flows northward 6.4 miles to Gilmer Sta- tion, where it empties into the Little Kanawha, at an elevation of 730' making a fall of 770 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 9.65 square miles. Oil Creek rises in Lewis near Arnold Station, at an eleva- tion of 1300' and flows southwestward 9.5 miles to Burnsville, Braxton County, where it empties into the Little Kanawha, the elevation at its mouth being 740', making at total fall of 560 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 31.9 square miles. Clover Fork, its principal tributary, empties into it from the south at Orlando. Right Fork of Little Kanawha River rises at the common corner of Upshur, Lewis and Webster, at an elevation of 2765'. flows northwestward 12 miles to the Little Kanawha at Wild- cat, where its elevation is 940', making a total fall of 1825 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 37.5 square miles. Most of the territory through which it flows is wooded, and the flow is more constant than along the lower portion o.f the Little Kanawha. For most of its length, Right Fork is a rapid, shallow stream. Glady Creek rises at Boyd along the Upshur-Lewis Line, at an elevation of about 1750', and flows southwestward 6 miles to Bablin, where it empties into the Little Kanawha, at an elevation of 995', making a total fall of 755 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 8.5 square miles. The stream owes its name to the fact that above Duffy for several miles there is little fall, since the valley is in the soft shales of the Conemaugh and the bottoms are glady. Below Duffy, how- ever, the creek has a tumultuous course over the hard rocks of the lower Allegheny and Upper Pottsville Series. Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River rises in Upshur at an elevation of 1750' and flows southwestward 3.5 miles to the Little Kanawha at Ingo, where its elevation is 1035', making a total fall of 715 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 4.2 square miles. Like the other tributaries along the head- waters of the Little Kanawha, Cherry Fork is a rapid, turbu- lent stream. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 3! TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES. Lewis and Gilmer offer little that is striking or unusual in their topographic forms. The surface features of both counties show a regular succession of ridges separated by long creeks, with frequent high tops reaching from 100 to 200 feet above the general ridge levels and occasional low divides where the creeks on both sides have sawed notches into the ridges. The ridges vary from about 300 feet in the northern part of the area to about 700 feet in the southern part, or panhandle, of Lewis. An exception to the general topographic succession is vis- ible in eastern Lewis, where Stonecoal Creek, Big and Little Skin Creeks, Sand Fork and West Fork have cut their way nearly to base level against the high plateau that exists just across the Upshur County Line, the level of which is about 400 feet above that of the main tributary streams of the West Fork Valley in Lewis. The erosive work of these streams tends to increase, year by year, the drainage basin of West Fork, and decrease that of the Buckhannon River. RIVER TERRACES. Terrace clays were observed both along the West Fork River and along the Little Kanawha and some of its tribu- taries. The following table shows the locality and elevation above the stream level of the top of the terrace deposits noted along West Fork River : Height of Top Locality. Tidal Elevation of Deposits Top. Above Drainage. MouTh~of~Mc^Cann Run 1090' B.~~ ilO' B~ Mouth of Maxwell Run 1060' B. 60' B. Mouth of Carrion Run 1070' B. 40' B. Arnold Station.., 1102' L. 50' B. At McCann Run, in northern Lewis, thick deposits of loose sand are visible on both sides of the river. The eleva- tion of these deposits seems to indicate that they belong to the 32 PHYSIOGRAPHY. third Ohio River terrace, as described by White.1 The last thin deposits noted, which occur at a lower level, probably represent the first terrace. These deposits are plainly visible in the cuts along the Monongahela Valley Traction Company line opposite Maxwell Run, where a thickness of 15 feet was noted, the top being 1060' above sea level. Along the Little Kanawha River and its tributaries, de- posits were noted at the following localities : Locality. Tidal Elevation, Top. Height of Top of Deposits Above Drainage. Cedar Creek, one mile above Paddy Run Glenville 825' B. 820' B 125' B. 120' B Sand Fork Stouts Mills 810' B. 830' B 90' B. 105' B Andy Run, one-half mile above (near Cleveland) Jerry Run (near Cleveland) 1320' B. 1320' B. 145' B. 135' B. These deposits all evidently represent the third Ohio River terrace, showing a remarkable continuation of this ter- race up the Little Kanawha, the last two deposits noted being within six or seven miles of the source of the stream and about 140 miles from its mouth. 'Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna., Report Q, p. 10. PART II. Geology. CHAPTER III, STRUCTURE. Description of Terms. Geologic structure, which is that branch of geology treat- ing of the pitch of the stratified rocks, has been discussed at length in previous Reports of the Survey. Since these Reports are available, the discussion will not be repeated here, but the following paragraph, taken from a former Report,1 gives a definite idea of simple scientific terms that will benefit the general reader : "In the discussion of these structural forms on subsequent pages, the upward bending arch is known as an anticline; the downward bending trough, a syncline; the line joining the highest points of an anticline or the lowest points of a syncline, the axis of the fold; the direction of the horizontal edges of dipping strata, the strike; and the structural form resulting from the sudden rise or fall of the axis of an anticline, the nose of the fold." Method of Representing Structure. The contour method of representing structure has been, used in the Lewis and Gilmer area. By this method of repre- sentation, a single coal bed or other prominent and easily lRay V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 76; 1913. 34 STRUCTURE. recognized geological horizon is used as a "key" rock, and its elevation above sea level is determined either by observations made directly upon it or by its interval being computed from other known horizons above or below it in the rock column. The Pittsburgh Coal is the most important as well as one of the most easily recognized horizons in the Lewis and Gilmer area, and has therefore been used as the key rock for deter- mining structure. The elevation of the base of this coal above sea level is shown on Map II, which accompanies this Report in a separate atlas, by means of green structure contour lines, each of which is plainly marked with figures, to show the height above sea level, in feet, that it represents. Each con- tour line is a line of strike showing that the Pittsburgh Coal is at the same height above sea level at all points through which the line passes. The contour interval is 25 feet, making it possible to know, with reasonable certainty, not only the elevation of the Pittsburgh Coal, but also that of any other formation desired in the rock column at any given point, by merely adding or substracting its known interval from the Pittsburgh Coal, depending upon whether it is above or below the coal. These elevations were obtained, where possible, by hand level from known points on the topographic map, made directly on the coal. In other cases the aneroid was used and carefully checked at numerous times during the day on spirit level determinations recorded on the map. In western Gilmer, as well as in some other parts of the area, the Pittsburgh Coal was found to be absent, but its horizon makes a broad bench that can usually be followed without much difficulty, thus aiding- greatly in securing observations for the structure map. In regions where this coal was found to be under drainage, its position was often obtained from the records of oil and gas wells. In regions where direct information could not be had on the horizon of the coal itself observations were made on whatever other coals or formations could be found above drainage and recognized, and the position of the Pittsburgh determined from these. There is no large variation in the thickness of the several formations ; viz, Monongahela, Cone- maugh and Allegheny, in this area, but in order to secure the best possible results numerous vertical sections were made at WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 35 different points. From these sections the following table is compiled showing the approximate distance in feet of the most important formations above and below the Pittsburgh Coal, at points where such information is available, and the table was used in making the structure map as well as in cropping the coals on Map II. In this table some of the lower oil and gas sands are included, but no formations below the Big Lime were used in making the structure map. The intervals to these latter formations are given for the convenience of the reader when studying the oil and gas well records of Chap- ter X. The sections from which the following table was made, as well as many other sections, are published in Chapter IV and should be carefully studied by those who desire to make local investigations of any coal or other formation, since they contain much detailed information that can not be shown in the table of intervals or on Map II. In order to find the approximate elevation of any coal, its interval from the Pitts- burgh should first be obtained from the following table or from the local section given for the nearest point. With the structure contours as a guide, the coal should then be easily found : PHYSIOGRAPHY. •8JBP8SOH •9HIAU9IO bJD IH J3 .LOIOOOOO • O O • O 0 -OOO • t-COi-HlO O> • O 10 • Ift 10 • 0 O O -^ • cc> t~ -o^t— oo • • • iO O O LO IO • • • t> o 10 t- cq • • • -OOOLOIOOOO "ioo~io<=>Ooc>oo • • •" r-t r-t r-> SO • ooooooirsusio CO O O • •"' 5^^^^ : : i-l rH cq ( 10 IO kO ^q WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 37 DETAILED STRUCTURE. General Features. As shown by Map II, the structure of Lewis and Gilmer has been only slightly disturbed by upward or lateral move- ments of the earth's crust. There is a gradual rise from the northwest to the south- east, accentuated by the Chestnut Ridge Anticline and inter- rupted by the Grassland Syncline, structural features, both of which pass entirely across the area. The pitch of the rocks is nowhere excessive, being usually hardly perceptible to the eye, careful levels on the coals being necessary to determine the nature and rate of change. The lowest point of structure found in either county was near Spurgeon, in northeastern Gilmer, where the Pittsburgh Coal descends to less than 425 feet above sea level, along the Robinson Syncline. The high- est structural level is at Cleveland, at the common corner of Lewis, Upshur and Webster, where the Pittsburgh Coal hori- zon belongs above the top of the mountains, and would have an elevation of 2375 feet above sea level. The general direc- tion of most of the anticlines and synclines is, roughly, north- east and southwest, corresponding closely to the trend of the Appalachian Mountain System. Only one anticline and one syncline extend entirely across the two counties. There are no features of unusual interest or occurrence. The structure map, on the whole, harmonizes closely with those previously issued by the Survey, contiguous to this area, one for Calhoun, Roane and Wirt, one for Ritchie, and one for Doddridge and Harrison. The maps for Calhoun and Ritchie are based on the Washington Coal, 500 to 600 feet above the Pittsburgh, so that being on different strata, the contours of the two maps do not join with that for Gilmer, but when the proper interval is allowed there is little discrepancy. The map for Doddridge and Harrison is based on the Pittsburgh Coal, and the contours join exactly along the most of this line. 38 STRUCTURE. Anticlines. Four anticlines, the Arches Fork. Wolf Summit, Chestnut Ridge, and Orlando, appear on the structure map. Arches Fork Anticline. — The Arches Fork Anticline of Hennen2 has been previously traced across southern Wetzel, Doddridge, and a corner of Ritchie County, intersecting the Gilmer Line two miles east of Auburn. A supposed continu- ation of this anticline was also traced across Calhoun, on the west, entering Gilmer one-fourth mile southeast of Nobe. The studies carried on by the writer in Gilmer County indicate that the Arches Fork Anticline apparently flattens out against the gradual slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline near where it crosses the Gilmer Line from the north and that the anticline on the west, supposed to be the same one, can be traced only about three miles into the county from Nobe, apparently dying out. The connection that may exist between these two ends of the fold is so slight in Gilmer County that it can not be shown on the map. Where the short extension of the Arches Fork Anticline enters Gilmer from the west, the Pittsburgh Coal horizon has an elevation of 550 feet and is dipping slightly along the axis toward the northeast. Wolf Summit Anticline. — The Wolf Summit Anticline of White, described by Hennen in the Doddridge-Harrison Re- port, page 56, enters Lewis County one mile east of the West Fork River, extends southward three and one-half miles to a point one-half mile southeast of Jackson Mill, where it joins the Chestnut Ridge Anticline almost at right angles. At the Lewis-Harrison Line the Pittsburgh Coal has an elevation of 1400 feet on the axis of the arch, and at the junction of the two anticlines, the elevation is the same, but there is an interven- ing saddle east of Lightburn, where the coal is only 1375 feet. The fold is decidedly unsymmetrical about its axis, as the coal dips rapidly on the west toward the Robinson Syncline, while on the east there is only a slight dip toward the south end of "Ray V. Hennen, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, W. Va. Geol. Sur- vey, p. 454; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 39 the Shinnston Syncline. The surface geology along the fold in Lewis is principally that of the Conemaugh Series, as the Monongahela touches only the high ridges. Chestnut Ridge Anticline. — The Chestnut Ridge Anti- cline, first designated by J. J. Stevenson from a ridge of the same name in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, is the most im- portant structural uplift in Lewis and Gilmer. It crosses the Lewis-Harrison Line 1.5 miles west of the common corner of Lewis, Harrison and Upshur, extends in a general southwest- ward direction through Jacksons Mill and Camden, passes about one mile southeast of Alum Bridge and Linn, extends through Baldwin, crosses the Little Kanawha River at Glen- ville, passes about one mile eastward from Lettergap and Nor- mantown, crosses Steer Creek at the mouth of Crooked Fork and reaches the Calhoun Line at a point one mile east of the common corner of Lee, Washington and Center Districts. Along most of its length, the fold is symmetrical about its axis, the dip being usually about the same on the northwest and southeast sides. The surface geology along the axis is principally that of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series. The Pittsburgh Coal is above drainage at all the principal stream crossings. At the Lewis-Harrison Line the coal has an elevation of 1400 feet, but descends to a saddle at Hackers Creek where it is only 1350, rises again to a dome with an elevation of 1400 feet at Jacksons Mill, where it intersects with the Wolf Sum- mit Anticline, dips continuously at the average rate of 30 feet to the mile throughout the next fifteen miles to the Gilmer Line, where the elevation is 950 feet, rises to a low dome with an elevation of 1000 feet on Stewart Creek near Bald- win, dips again to a saddle between the Little Kanawha and Cedar Creek, where its elevation is only 925 feet, rises again to a dome near Lettergap, with an elevation of 975 feet, and descends gradually to the Calhoun Line, where it is 900 feet above sea level. There is a total southwestward dip of 500 feet along the axis between the Harrison-Lewis and the Gilmer-Calhoun Lines, the distance being 46 miles, making an average dip of about 11 feet per mile. 40 STRUCTURE. Orlando Anticline. — The Orlando Anticline, not previ- ously named or described, is an arch in southern Lewis be- tween the Grassland and Roanoke Synclines, having its northern terminus along Rush Run, ll/2 miles southwest of Brownsville, and extending southwest, 11 miles, to the Coal and Coke Railway, which it crosses at the mouth of Road Run, three-fourths mile west of Orlando, beyond which it has not been traced. It crosses the Lewis-Braxton Line one mile norch of Orlando. This anticline is almost straight and nearly sym- metrical about its axis, the dip being slightly more rapid on the western side. The surface geology along the arch is principally that of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series. At its northern terminus the Pittsburgh Coal has an elevation of 925 feet, but rises rapidly southwestward until it has an elevation of 1075 feet along the Courthouse-Collins Settlement District Line near Rush Knob, and descends to about 1050 feet at Orlando. Synclines. Four synclines, the Robinson, Shinnston Grassland, and Roanoke, appear on the structure map. Robinson Syncline. — The Robinson Syncline of Hennen4 enters Gilmer County from Doddridge one mile east of Spur- geon and can be definitely traced southwestward for a distance of four miles to a point near Coxs Mill, when it merges into the general monoclinal slope west of the Chestnut Ridge Anti- cline for the next ten miles, but again assumes a distinct synclinal form one mile northeast of Revere, and extends southwestward four miles to the Gilmer-Calhoun Line. The two portions of the fold shown in Gilmer are lacking in sym- metry, the rise of the southeast side being much more rapid at both ends than on the northwest side. The surface geology along the syncline is principally that of the Dunkard Series. At the Doddridge-Gilmer Line the Pittsburgh Coal horizon has an elevation of slightly over 400 feet, but rises rapidly along the axis to about 550 feet at the 'Ray V. Hennen, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, W. Va. Geol. Sur- vey, p. 69; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 4! point where the fold becomes monoclinal. At the Gilmer- Calhoun Line, its elevation is 500 feet. Shinnston Syncline. — The Shinnston Syncline of Hennen" enters Lewis County from Harrison one mile and a half north- west of Jane Lew, but dies out against the slope of the Chest- nut Ridge Anticline, in a shallow, fan-shaped basin in the region of Jane Lew, hardly more than a mile from the county line. The surface geology is that of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series, the Pittsburgh Coal having an elevation of 1350 feet at the count}^ line. Grassland Syncline. — The Grassland Syncline of Hennen0 is the longest structural feature of the two counties, passing entirely across them in a northeast-southwest direction. At the northeast it crosses the Upshur-Lewis Line one-half mile southeast of Aberdeen, Stonecoal Creek at Hilly Upland Run, the West Fork River at Stonelick Run, about two miles south of Weston, passes through Edmiston and Copley, crosses In- dian Fork one-half mile above its mouth, the Little Kanawha River at Duskcamp Run, about midway between Sand Fork and Stouts Mills, passes through Cedarville, veers southward and crosses Crooked Fork one-fourth mile north of the Brax- ton Line, turns westward, crossing Right Fork of Steer Creek at Big Laurel Run, finally ending against the slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline at Bear Fork, two miles south of the mouth of Standingstone. During most of its length, the fold is symmetrical about its axis, having about the same rate of rise on either side. The surface geology along this axis is principally that of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series, the upper part of the Conemaugh cropping only in northeastern Lewis, on Stonecoal and Hackers Creek waters. At the Upshur-Lewis Line, the Pittsburgh Coal is 1225 feet above sea level, but dips steadily southwestward for the next 18 miles until at the point where the basin crosses Sand Fork, near Copley, it is only 625 feet, the dip being 33 feet to the mile. For the next nine miles of "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 63; 1912. "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geo\ Survey, p. 65; 1912. 42 STRUCTURE. its length between Copley and the Little Kanawha River, the axis forms the bottom of a great structural canoe-shaped de- pression, of almost perfect symmetry from every angle. In the northeastern end of this basin is located the greatest oil well ever drilled in West Virginia, the Copley Heirs No. 1 (363), which gushed oil at a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 barrels daily. From the Kanawha River, the Pittsburgh Coal rises continuously for 12 miles, until, at Crooked Fork, it has an elevation of 900 feet, the rate of rise being 26 feet per mile. Between Crooked Fork and Road Run, there is a high struc- tural saddle where the coal horizon remains at 900 feet, for more than two miles. Rosedale Basin. — At the extreme western end of the Grassland Syncline, where it ends against the slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, the Pittsburgh Coal horizon dips to a low structural basin that is the most noticeable feature on the structure map. The basin is almost symmetrical in form, four miles long and two and one-half miles wide across the axis of the syncline. At the outer rim, the coal has an elevation of 900 feet, but at the bottom, beneath Tanner Fork, it is only 725 feet, making a total dip of 175 feet. For convenience this structural feature will be called the Rosedale Basin. It seems evident that the basin was formed by a structural eddy devel- oped at the intersection of two dynamic forces, one acting upward to form the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, while the other was acting downward to form the Grassland Syncline. Roanoke Syncline. — The Roanoke Syncline, not previously named or described, is a structural trough in southern Lewis that branches from the Grassland Syncline three-fourths mile northward from Brownsville, and extends southwestward, 11 miles, to the Braxton Line, beyond which it has not been traced. Its course from Brownsville is almost south for five miles, following closely the valley of the West Fork Rrver to a point one-half mile northwest of Roanoke, where it veers toward the southwest, crossing the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road at Peterson, and the Coal and Coke at the mouth of Meadow Run, formerly known as Blake post-office. This syn- cline is almost symmetrical about its axis, the rise of the rocks being slightly faster on the east than on the western side. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 43 On the eastern side of the basin, the rocks rise continuously southeastward at a rapidly increasing rate all the way to the southeastern corner of Lewis County. The surface geology is principally that of the Dunkard and Monongahela Series, the Conemaugh cropping only along Oil Creek and Clover Fork. The Pittsburgh Coal horizon is almost level along the axis of the basin. At the north end it is 925 feet above sea level, but rises to 975 at Canoe Run, where there is a structural saddle at this level. Along the axis on Oil Creek and Clover Fork, the coal is slightly less than 975 feet. Unconformities and Faults. There are no unconformities of consequence visible in the surface rocks of the two counties. Some of the geological series, as will be explained later, do not reach their maximum development as compared to other portions of the State, but the principal features are represented and the intervals are fairly constant. Underground, however, the records of bor- ings reveal the usual unconformity, known to exist generally throughout the Appalachian region, between the base of the Pennsylvanian and the top of the Mississippian. Along the western edge of Gilmer almost the entire Mauch Chunk Series is found to have been eroded before the deposition of the Pottsville above it, the thickness of the former in some places being less than 100 feet, while in eastern Lewis it sometimes exceeds 400. The erosion that took place along the eastern edge, where the maximum thickness of Mauch Chunk sedi- ments is found, is a matter of speculation entirely, as, so far as is known, no facts are obtainable on which to base an esti- mate. The sharp lithologic change, however, from red shale to coarse conglomeratic gray sandstones, indicates a long lapse of time as well as a marked contrast in conditions of sedimen- tation. So far as known there are no faults in either county. None was observed and the structural slopes are too gentle to favor their occurrence. CHAPTER IV. STRATIGRAPHY— GENERAL SECTIONS. INTRODUCTION. The surface rocks of Lewis and Gilmer, with the excep- tion of Quaternary sands and gravels along the streams, are all of Paleozoic Age, only the Pennsylvanian Period being rep- resented. The upper series, or Dunkard, of this period is gen- erally conceded to be of Permo-Carboniferous age, represent- ing a transitional stage between the Permian and Pennsyl- vanian. Some evidence, however, is available, through numer- ous oil and gas well borings scattered throughout the area, of the thickness and character of the underground rocks, includ- ing those of the Mississippian and upper Devonian beds. The following classification of the rocks available for study shows their succession in convenient form, arranged in descending order : Age. Period. Series. Quaternary. . . . \ Recent j Present Formation I Pleistocene [ River Terrace Deposits f Permo-Carboniferous ... Dunkard (550') | [ Mbnongahela (350-400') | J Conemaugh (500-650') | Pennsylvanian ] Allegheny (200-275') | [ Pottsville (400-800') Paleozoic \ | f Mauch Chunk (75-400') I Mississippian -{ Greenbrier Limestone (50-200') | [Pocono Sandstones (200-450') Devonian \ Catskill \ (500-650') I Chemung { The Quaternary rocks, in Lewis and Gilmer, are repre- sented by clays, gravels and sand beds, present only along the WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 45 river and creek bottoms, and also by Pleistocene river terrace deposits occurring at higher levels along the valleys of the West Fork and Little Kanawha Rivers and some of their trib- utaries. These terrace deposits have been described in Chap- ter II. The Permo-Carboniferous rocks, or Dunkard Series, as indicated on Map II, cap the ridges of northwestern Lewis and are present also in the Grassland and Roanoke Synclines through the center of the county, and in Gilmer they cover the high summits generally throughout the county. The rocks of the Pennsylvanian Period, however, consti- tute the great bulk of surface formations. The upper four series; viz, the Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny and Pottsville, crop to the surface successively from the north- western to southeastern part of the territory of this Report. The Allegheny and Pottsville are found only in the southern panhandle of Lewis. Numerous geologic sections, consisting usually of careful hand level surface measurements combined with the records of oil and gas and coal test borings, and showing the stratigraphic succession from the Permo-Carboniferous to the Devonian, will be given in the following pages. LEWIS COUNTY SECTIONS. Hackers Creek District. In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with hand level up a hill three- fourths mile southeast of McWhorter, at the Harrison-Lewis Line. The lower portion is the record of the E. S. McWhorter No. 907 (11) gas well, drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Com- pany: McWhorter Section, Hackers Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (158') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, brown, flaggy, micaceous, from top of knob, Sewickley 50 50 50' Concealed and shale 16 66 Concealed.. . 45 111 46 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville 10 121 Draw slate 3 124 Coal, clean, Redstone (Kroger Gas Coal Co. Mine No. 43 on Map II) 6 130 Concealed, with boulders of limestone, Red- stone 23 153 Coal, bony, roof..O' 6 "] Pittsburgh Coal, good 2 1 (5' 2") (1348' B.) Slate 0 0% [ (Kroger Gas Coal 5 158 108' Coal, good 2 6% | Co. Mine No. 126 J on Map II.) Conemaugh Series (548') Slate and concealed 238 396 Sandstone, shaly, Morgantown 15 411 Fire clay spring, Elk Lick Coal horizon 411 253' Concealed 55 466 Continued by E. S. McWhorter No. 907 (11) Well Record (1040' B.) : Conductor 12 478 Unrecorded (water 30') 123 601 Sand, Little Dunkard 10 611 Unrecorded 63 674 Sand, Big Dunkard 32 706 295' Allegheny Series (270') Unrecordea 20 726 Lime 95 821 Sand, Lower Freeport 60 881 Unrecorded 95 976 Pottsville Series (460') Sand, Homewood 90 1060 Unrecorded 13 1079 Sand, Salt 177 1256 Unrecorded 10 1266 Sand, Salt 30 1296 Unrecorded 102 1398 Sand, Salt 38 1436 Mauch Chunk Series (230') Red rock 55 1491 Unrecorded 35 1526 Red rock 80 1606 Unrecorded 60 1666 960' Greenbrier Limestone (90') Biq Lime (gas, 1232') 80 1746 Unrecorded 10 1756 Pocono Sandstones (360') Sand, Big Injun 130 1886 Unrecorded 80 1966 Sand and shells 10 1976 Unrecorded 15 1991 Sand, Squaw 55 2046 Unrecorded 55 2101 Sand Berea (e-as, 1645') 15 2116 450' Catskill Series (379') TTnroon-dPd 50 2166 Sand, Gantz 84 2250 Unrecorded 6 2256 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 47 Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Sand, red, Fifty-Foot 40 2296 Unrecorded 10 2306 Red rock 10 2316 Sand, red, Thirty-Foot 130 2446 Unrecorded 10 2456 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 1895') 22 2478 Unrecorded 4 2482 366' Sand, Gordon, to bottom (gas, 2020') 13 2495 Well completed April 25, 1907. The following section, the surface portion of which was measured by hand level, is located 2y2 miles southwest of Jane Lew, on a branch of Sycamore Lick. The portion below the Bakerstown Coal is from the record of the Porter Maxwell No. 1 (92) gas well by the West Virginia Central Gas Com- pany : Jane Lew Section, Hackers Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (79') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, brown, fine grained, shaly, from top of knob to level of Porter Maxwell No. 1 gas well (92) 20 20 Concealed 19 39 Coal blossom, reported when field was plowed, Redstone 39 39' Concealed 35.5 74 . 5 Coal, abandoned opening, Pittsburgh (Porter Maxwell Mine No. 129 on Map II, 1358' B.), reported 4.5 79 40' Conemaugh Series (482') Concealed 25 104 Fire clav spring, Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon . . . 104 Concealed 11 115 Sandstone, shaly, Connellsville 38 153 Fire clay spring, Little Clarksburg Coal hori- zon 153 Concealed in bluff 45 198 Concealed in slope, mostly shale 62 260 Sandstone, shaly, M organtown 8.5 268.5 Coal blossom, Elk Lick, reported 2.5 271 192' Concealed, mostly shale 72 343 Shale, green, with marine shells, thickness concealed, Ames 343 72' Concealpd, shale, varieerated, and concealed.. 73.5 416.5 Sandstone, gray, massive, Saltsburg 15 431.5 snale, sandy 5 436.5 Coal, good (!' 5"), Bakerstown (A. J. Hard- man Mine No. 228A on Map II) 1.5 438 95' Fire clay to run 2 440 48 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Continued by Porter Maxwell No. 1 (92) Well Record: Unrecorded 23 463 Sand, Little Dunkard 15 478 Unrecorded 43 521 Sand, Big Dunkard 40 561 123' Allegheny Series (196') Unrecorded 26 587 Sand, Upper Freeport 84 671 Unrecorded 17 688 Gas Sand, Lower Freeport 30 718 Unrecorded 39 757 Pottsville Series (461') Sand, First Salt, Homewood 86 843 Unrecorded 66 909 Sand, Salt 36 945 Unrecorded 28 973 Sand, Salt 49 1022 Unrecorded Ill 1133 Sand, Salt 85 1218 Mauch Chunk Series (414') Unrecorded 370 1588 Little Lime 20 1608 Pencil Cave 24 1632 1071' Greenbrier Limestone (60') Big Lime 60 1692 Pocono Sandstones (321') Big Injun Sand 131 1823 Unrecorded 5 1828 Sand, Squaw 45 1873 Jnrecorded 115 1988' 356' Sand, Berea 25 2013 Catskill Series (113') Unrecorded 85 2098 Sand, Fifty-Foot (gas, 9' in) 28 2126 Conductor, 16'; 10" Casing, 154'; 8%" Casing, 912'; 6%" Casing, 1689'; Pressure, first minute, 180 Ibs.; Rock pressure, 800 Ibs.; Volume, 2,750,000 cu. ft. The following section, the surface portion of which was measured with hand level, starts at the top of a high knob ^ mile southwest of Berlin, and includes in its lower portion the record of the J. B. Swisher No. 1 (36) gas well by the West Virginia Central Gas Company, which was furnished the Sur- vey by W. A. Williams, Superintendent : Berlin Sec don, Hackers Creek District. Thickness Total Monongaheia Series (305') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, flaggy, green, fine grained, mica- ceous, partly concealed, capping knob, Gilboy 18 18 Concea'ed in slope, red soil 20 38 5O STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The following section was measured with aneroid descend- ing a steep hill road at the head of the right hand fork of Buck- hannon Run, two miles northwest of Lorentz. The section shows a large amount of red shale where sandstones are fre- quently found. The position of the Pittsburgh Coal is some- what doubtful as the exposure seems too far below the Red- stone and may have been a slip : Lorentz Section, Hackers Creek District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (215') Feet. Feet. Unrecorded from top of knob 200 200 Sandstone, flaggy, Waynesburg 15 215 215' Monongahela Series (425') Shale, red 30 245 Sandstone, shaly 5 250 Shale, red 5 255 Sandstone, massive, Gilboy 5 260 Shale, red 30 290 Sandstone, shaly, Uniontown 20 310 95' Shale, red 20 330 Sandstone, shaly 5 335 Shale, red 50 385 Sandstone, flaggy, Arnoldsburg 20 405 Shale, red and variegated 50 455 Sandstone, flaggv, Sewickley .- 40 495 185' Shale, variegated 30 525 Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville 41 566 Coal opening, Redstone (Ira Queen Mine No. 59 on Map II, 1270' B.), estimated 4 570 75 Shale and concealed 35 605 Shale, sandy 35 640 Coal blossom (in place?) Pittsburgh 640 Conemaugh Series (115') Shale, sandy, with shaly sandstone 29.5 669.5 Coal (0' 6"), Little Pittsburgh (1170' B.) 0.5 670 100' Fire clay shale and shale, variegated 20 690 Sandstone, shaly, Connellsville 15 705 Shale, red, with sandy streaks, to road forks at foot of hill 50 755 The following section, arranged in descending order, was made with hand level at Gaston, and starts at the top of Purga- tory Knob, one mile northeast of the town. Being in the Grass- land Syncline, the section shows a considerable thickness of the Dunkard Series,, its basal member, the Waynesburg Sand- stone, being easily recognized by its pebbly structure : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 5 1 Gaston Section, Hackers Creek Section. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (202') Peet. Feet. Shale, brown, sandy, with thin sandstone, from top of Purgatory Knob 48 48 Sandstone, flaggy, fine grained, micaceous, greenish gray, Lower Marietta 27 75 75' Concealed, mostly shale 50 125 Sandstone, coarse, buff, medium hard, Man- nington 35 160 Shale, brown and concealed 10 170 Sandstone, massive, coarse, soft, brown, with numerous quartz pebbles, Waynesburg. . . 32 202 127' Monongahela and Conemaugh Series (501') Shale ?.nd concealed 24 226 Sandstone, Gilboy 15 241 Shale, partly concealed 44 285 Sandstone, green, flaggy, micaceous, fine, Uniontown 16 301 99' Shale, mostly red 33 334 Sandstone, green, fine 5 339 Shale, mostly red 72 411 Sandstone, fine, green, flaggy, micaceous, Ar- noldsburg 17 428 Concealed and red shale 32 460 Shale, brown 22 482 Sandstone, green, fine, flaggy, micaceous, Se- wickley 22 504 203' Concealed 28 532 Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville 23 555 Shale and concealed 10 565 Coal, Redstone (4' 10"), (Nathaniel Bush Mine No. 81 on Map II, 1153' L.) 5 570 66' Concealed to Stonecoal Creek 133 703 In the following section the surface portion was mea- sured with hand level at Deanville about one mile north of Weston, and, as arranged in descending order, starts at the top of a high knob one-half mile southeast of the former place. The lower portion is the record of the Sarah J. Bennett No. 2757 (134) gas well drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company just across the West Fork River opposite Deanville : Deanville Section, Hackers Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (361') Feet. Feet. Shalp. sand11' f^-om top of knob, y2 mile south- east of Deanville 11 11 Sandstone, fine, green, flaggy, Gilboy 20 31 Shale, red 5 36 Sandstone, brown, fine, flaggy, Uniontown.... 17 53 53' 52 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness Total - Feet. Feet. Concealed in slope, mostly red shale 50 103 Sandstone, flaggy, Arnoldsburg 10 113 Concea.ed in slope, red shale at top 50 163 Concealed in steep bluff 141 304 Coal opening, abandoned, reported 4 to 5', Red- stone (Wallace Parsley Mine No. 65 on Map II, 1324' L.) 5 309 256' Concealed 50.5 359.5 Coal opening, abandoned, reported 1' 6", Pitts- burgh (Wallace Parsley Mine No. 131 on Map II, 1272' L.) 1.5 361 52' Conemaugh Series (572') Concealed in bluff 33 394 Concealed in slope 27 421 Concealed in bluff 50 471 Shale, red, Clarksburg 45 516 Concealed 30 546 Sandstone, gray, quarry rock, Morgantown. . . 18 564 203' Concealed to well 34 598 Continued by Sarah J. Bennett No. 2757 (134) Well Record (1035' B.) Unrecorded 190 788 Sana, Little Dunkard 25 813 Unrecorded 70 883 Sand, Big Dunkard 50 933 369' Allegheny Series (190') Unrecorded 75 1008 Gas Sand, Lower Freeport 85 1093 Unrecorded 30 1123 Pottsville Series (450') Sand, Salt, Homewood (water, 535-600') 75 1198 Unrecorded 145 1343 Sand, Salt 17 1360 Unrecorded (water 790-980') 213 1573 Mauch Chunk Series (328') Sand, Maxton, and unrecorded 280 1853 Little Lime 25 1878 Pencil Cave 23 1901 968' Greenbrier Limestone (52') Big Lime 52 1953 Pocono Sandstones (290') Sand 135' 1 Unrecorded 15 }• Big Injun 165 2118 Sand 15 J Unrecorded 23 2141 Sand, Sguaw 15 2156 Unrecorded 72 2228 327' Sand, Berea 15 2243 Catskill Series (526') Unrecorded '. 66 2309 Sand, Fifty-foot 34 2343 Unrecorded (Thirty-foot Sand broken) 147 2490 Sand, Gordon Stray 91 2581 Unrecorded 3 2584 356' Sand, Gordon 16 2600 Unrecorded 40 2640 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 53 Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Sand, Fourth 8 2648 Unrecorded 104 2752 168' Sand, Fifth (gas, 2160') 17 2769 Chemung Series (829') Unrecorded to bottom 829 3598 Well completed March 8, 1913. Freemans Creek District. In the following section, the top portion was measured with aneroid and arranged in descending order starting at the top of a hill just west of the B. & O. R. R. shops at Weston. The section is continued by the record of the E. M. Vandervort No. 1 (135) gas well drilled by the West Virginia Central Gas Company : Weston Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (135') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 71 71 Coal opening, abandoned, thickness concealed, Redstone (1265' L.) 71 71' Concealed 64 135 Conemaugh Series (582') Limestone, gray, hard, Upper Pittsburgh 1 136 Concealed 25 161 Sandstone, flaggy, Connellsville 18 179 Concealed 17 196 Fire clay spring, Little Clarksburg Coal horizon . . 196 125 Concealed 17 213 Sandstone, massive, Lower Connellsville 10 223 Concealed to level of well 14 237 Continued by E. M. Vandervort No. 1 (135) Well Record (1099' L.) Slate and shells (water, 245') 340 577 Sand, Little Dunkard 20 597 401' Unrecorded 120 717 Allegheny Series (2100 Sand, Upper Freeport 80 797 Unrecorded 50 847 Gas Sand. Lower Freeport 65 91 2 Unrecorded 15 927 330' Pottsville Series (485') First Salt (Homewood) Sand (water, 740').. 80 1007 Unrecorded 20 1027 Second Salt (Upper Connoquenessing) Sand.. 42 1069 Unrecorded 218 1287 Sand, Third Salt 125 1412 485' Mauch' Chunk Series (325') Unrecorded . .295 1707 54 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Little Lime 20 1727 Unrecorded 10 1737 325' Greenbrier Limestone (87') Big Lime 87 1824 Pocono Sandstones (368') Big Injun Sand 101 1925 Unrecorded 32 1957 Squaw Sand 60 2017 Unrecorded 145 2162 425' Berea Sand 30 2192 Catskill Sandstones (375') Unrecorded 125 2317 Fifty-foot and Thirty-foot Sands 55 2372 Gordon Stray Sand 10 2382 Unrecorded 5 2387 225' Gordon Sand (small gas, 2162') 20 2407 Unrecorded 28 2435 Fourth Sand (gas, 2201-2205') 8 2443 Unrecorded 107 2550 163' Fifth Sand 17 2567 "Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 280'; 8^4" casing, 940'; 6%" casing, 1590'; Rock pressure, 570 Ibs.; showed 711,000 cu. ft. from Fourth Sand but blew down to 260,640 ft. after 4 days. Fifth Sand shot with 40 quarts but was not improved. Completed April 26, 1913." In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured at Freemansburg, up the point immediately northeast of the village. The Ames Limestone appears a,t the base of the measured section, but is not found at any other point so far northwest in Lewis County. The lower portion is the record of the Hannah Kemper No. 237 (158) gas well drilled by the Reserve Gas Company. The stratigraphic level of the well mouth is about 45' higher than the base of the measured section, and this interval is subtracted from the top of the well record to make the section continuous. The total depth of the hole was 2186 feet : Freemansburg Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (149') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, fine, green, flag- ] gy, from top of knob 20' | Concealed 8 . | Sandstone, massive, green- }• Sewickley. . . 56 56 ish-gray, micaceous, me- | dium coarse 28 J Steep bluff, mostly sandstone and sandy shale 53 109' Coal blossom, Redstone, reported 5 114 114' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 55 Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Concealed in slope 31 145 Coal opening, abandoned, Pittsburgh (Mine No. 135 on Map II, 1311' B.) reported 4 149 35' Conemaugh Series (651') Concealed 38 187 Shales, brown and variegated with streaks of red 60 247 Sandstone, massive, brown, mottled, partly concealed, Connellsville 15 262 113' Concealed 60 322 Sandstone, massive, grayish brown, Morgan- town 30 352 Shale, gray 5 357 Concealed and variegated shale 46 403 Sandstone, shaly, Grafton 10 413 Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames to Creek. 7 420 158' Continued in Hannah Kemper No. 237 (158) Well Record: Unrecorded 330 750 Sand, Big Dunkard 50 800 380' Allegheny Series (285') Unrecorded 15 815 Sand, Upper Freeport 85 900 Unrecorded 5 905 Gas Sand, Lower Freeport 110 1015 Unrecorded 10 1025 Pottsville Series (425') Sand, First Salt, Homewood 100 1125 Unrecorded 25 1150 Sand, Second Salt 125 1275 Unrecorded 175 1450 Mauch Chunk Series (235') Sand, Maxton 25 1475 Unrecorded 160 1635 Little Lime 20 1655 Unrecorded 25 1680 Pencil Cave 5 1685 885' Greenbrier Limestone (70') Big Lime 70 1755 Pocono and Catskill Series (806') Big Injun Sand 132 1887 Unrecorded 3 1890 Sand, Squaw 20 1910 Unrecorded 345 2255 Sand, Fifty-foot 15 2270 Unrecorded 20 2290 Sand, Thirty-foot 27 2317 Unrecorded 3 2320 Sand. Gordon Stray (gas, 7' in) 23 2343 Unrecorded 6 2349 664 Sand, Gordon 43 2392 Unrecorded 143 2525 186- Sand, Fifth (gas, 1 to 20' in ^ 20 2555 Unrecorded to bottom 6 2561 Well completed April 5, 1910. 56 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. The following section arranged in descending order was measured with hand level along a branch of Fink Creek, 2^ miles northwest of Churchville : Churchville Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (265') Feet. Feet. Shale, sandy, brown, from top of knob 40 40 Sandstone, concealed, and sandstone, coarse, soft, buff, with small pebbles, Mannington 45 85 85' Concealed and shale to level of Joseph Gum gas well (224) (1260' B.) 33 118 Sandstone, massive, brown, coarse...' 21 139 Concealed and variegated shale 39 178 Sandstone, flaggy 10 188 Concealed 27 215 Spring, with coal blossom (?) 215 Concealed, with yellow shale 30 245 Sandstone, massive, buff, coarse, cliff rock, Waynesburg 20 265 180' Monongahela Series (193') Concealed 88 353 Sandstone, massive, buff, pebbly, cliff rock, Uniontown 30 383 Concealed, with shale 30 413 Sandstone, shaly 5 418 Coal, Uniontown (Joseph Gum Mine No. 19 on Map II) 2 420 155' Concealed to level of Joseph Gum Core Test (223) 38 458 The following section, arranged in descending order, is located on Camp Run, \l/2 miles northwest of Hurst, and near the common corner of Lewis, Gilmer and Doddridge, the upper portion being measured with hand level along the hill road, while the lower portion is from the records of the J. C. Marsh Core Test (280) and the J. C. Marsh No. 1 (281) oil test well drilled by Hiner and Bartlett : Hurst Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Dunkard and Monongahela Series (929.5') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, soft, capping knob, Rush Run 40 40 Shaly, sandy and red 12 52 Sandstone, massive, brown, Jollytown 28 80 80' Shale, variegated and sandy 17 97 Sandstone, flaggy 5 102 Shale, variegated 8 110 Sandstone flaggy 12 122 Shale, red 12 134 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 57 Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, coarse, soft, brown, Hun- dred 30 164 84' Fire clay 1 165 Shale, sandy, brown 15 180 Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, soft, Upper Marietta 30 210 Shale, sandy 28 238 Sandstone, shaly 6 244 Shale, red, Creston 24 268 Sandstone, shaly, Lower Marietta 20 288 Shale, sandy 34 322 Coal, Washington (1023' B.) 2 324 16(X Fire clay shale, yellow, Washington 27 351 Shale, red 3 354 Sandstone, shaly 5 359 Shale, variegated 34 393 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 14 407 Shale, variegated and sandy 39 446 Sandstone, massive 14 460 Red shale and sandstones, interlaminated to Core Test 52 512 Continued by J. C. Marsh Core Test (No. 280 on Map II, elevation, 835' B.) : Surface and soapstone 70 582 Sandstone, Gilboy 30 612 Soapstone 20 632 Sandstone, Uniontown 10 642 318' Slate 20 662 Red rock 30 692 Blue slate and shale 20 712 Sandstone, gray, Arnoldsburg 20 732 Shale, red 20 752 Sandstone, gray, Sewickley 28 780 Shale 22 802 Slate 30 832 Sandstone, Cedarville 20 852 Soapstone 12 864 Coal, Redstone, thickness unrecorded 864 Fire clay 8 872 SJ^.^Mj""*"**1"*1""" 50'5 922'5 Coal, Pittsburgh 7 929.5 287.5' Continued in J. C. Marsh No. 1 (281) Oil Well Record ((960' B.) : Conemaugh Series (427.5') Unrecorded 379.5 1309 Sand, Little Dunkard 50 1359 Unrecorded 39 1398 Sand, Big Dunkard 4 1402 Allegheny, Pottsville and Mauch Chunk Series (983') Unrecorded 522 1924 Salt Sand 30 1954 Unrecorded 250 2204 Maxton Sand 8 2212 Unrecorded 127 2339 Little Lime (oil show, 15' in) 28 2367 58 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Pencil Cave 18 2385 Greenbrier Limestone (29') Big Lime 29 2414 Pocono Sandstones (376') Big Injun Sand 100 2514 Unrecorded 15 2529 Squaw Sand 150 2679 Unrecorded (no sands) 83 2762 Berea Sand 28 2790 Catskill Series (484') Slate and shell to bottom 484 3274 Well completed Feb. 2, 1914; dry hole; 10" casing, 163'; 8%" casing, 954'; 6%" casing, 1851'; total depth, 2830'. In the following section and surface portion was measured with hand level along the western slope of Sugarloaf Knob, \l/2 miles south of Camden. Measurements were made along the strike and the intervals are correct. The lower portion is the record of the F. C. Jarvis No. 1 (476) gas well, drilled by the West Virginia Central Gas Company, which starts at the level of the Pittsburgh Coal: Camden Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series O45') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, brown, soft, partly concealed, from top of knob, Mannington 50 50 Shale, sandy 17 67 Concealed in slope, mostly shale 55 122 Sandstone, massive, coarse, pebbly, buff, cliff rock, Waynesburg 23 145 145' Monongahela Series (381') Concealed in steep bank 39 184 Sandstone, massive, buff, soft, some pebbles.. 8 192 Concealed in steep bank 32 224 Concealed in bank 5 229 Concealed in steep bank 17 246 Concealed ITI slnpe 44 290 Shael, sandy and variegated, partly concealed 82 372 Sandstone, fine, micaceous 5 377 Concealed, with red shale 11 388 Sandstone, shaly, Sewickley 28 416 271' Concealed, with some variegated and sandy shale 55 471 Coal opening, thickness concealed, Redstone (1189' L.) 471 55' Shale, brown, sandy 17 488 Shale, variegated 10 498 Concpplpd pnd shale, with boulders of lime- stone, Redstone 28 526 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 59 Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Coal blossom, Pittsburgh (1134' L.) 526 55' Conemaugh Series (620') Continued by F. C. Jarvis No. 1 (476) Well Record: Unrecorded 440 966 Sand, Saltsburg 30 996 Unrecorded 47 1043 Sand, Little Dunkard 23 1066 Unrecorded 55 1121 Sand, Big Dunkard 25 1146 620' Allegheny Series (215') Unrecorded 55 1201 Sand, Lower Freeport 35 1236 Coal, Upper Kittanning 6 1242 96 Unrecorded 64 1306 Sand, Clarion 55 1361 Pottsville Series (390') Unrecorded 105 1466 Sand, Second Salt 48 1514 Unrecorded 176 1690 Sand, Third Salt 61 1751 Mauch Chunk Series (390') Unrecorded 15 1766 Sand, Maxton 25 1791 Unrecorded 307 2098 Little Lime 18 2116 Pencil Cave 25 2141 899' Greenbrier Limestone (70') Big Lime 70 2211 Pocono and Catskill Series (789') Big Injun Sand 170 2381 Unrecorded 376 2757 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2244-2254') 25 2782 Unrecorded 10 2792 651' Sand, Gordon 42 2834 Unrecorded 6 2840 Sand. Fourth 11 2851 Unrecorded 128 2979 187' Sand, Fifth (gas, 2455') and unrecorded to bot- tom 21 3000 Well competed Oct. 21, 1909; 13" casing, 16'; 10" casing, 153'; 8*4" casing, 788'; 6%" casing, 1711'; volume, 4,000,000 cu. ft. daily. The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand level at Vadis, starting at the creek and measuring southwestward along the strike to the top of the first knob, and then starting with the same formations farther south at the foot of the higher knob three-fourths mile south of Vadis, thus avoiding the intervening, dip of the measures : C)O STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Vadis Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (45') Feet. Feet. Concealed, with red shale, from top of knob. . 17 17 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, buff, Waynesburg 28 45 45' Monongahela Series (371') Concealed 53 98 Sandstone, flaggy, green, Uniontown 25 123 Concealed 15 138 Spring, Uniontown Coal horizon 138 93' Concealed, with red shale, nodules of lime and fragments of red hematite 60 195 Sandstone, greenish, fine 10 208 Concealed in slope, mostly red soil 78 286 Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, Sewickley. . 10 296 158' Concealed 11 307 Steep bluff, mostly sandstone 94 401 Sandstone, massive, visible 3 404 Shale, sandy 7 411 Coal 1' 7"] Pittsburgh (5' 1") (836' L.) Bone 0 1 [(Claude F. Griggs Mine.. 5 416 120' Coal 3 5 ) No. 143 on Map II) Conemaugh Series (65') Concealed 35 451 Sandstone, massive, gray, to Fink Creek, Lower Pittsburgh 30 481 In the following section, the surface portion was measured with aneroid, starting at a high knob 2 miles southeast of Alum Bridge and descending to Leading Creek. Owing to the northwestward rise of the rocks, these intervals are somewhat smaller than true vertical measurement would show. The lower portion is from the record of the R. Gissy No. 158 (342) gas well drilled by the Reserve Gas Company, 65 feet being omitted from the top of the record to make the stratigraphic succession complete. The total depth of the hole was 2675 feet: Alum Bridge Section, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (300') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, coarse, pebbly, soft, great cliff rock, capping knob, Uniontown 40 40 40' Concealed in slope, with sandy shale 35 75 Concealed in bluff 20 95 Concealed, mostly red shale 65 160 Sandstone, massive, buff, pebbly, soft, cliff rock, Sewickley 50 210 Shale, sandy, with streaks of sandstone 53.5 263.5 Coal (T 6") Redstone 1.5 265 225' WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 6l Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Shale, sandy 10 275 Sandstone, shaly 5 280 Concealed, with sandstone 20 300 Coal, opening abandoned, thickness concealed, Pittsburgh (1065' B.) 300 35' Conemaugh Series (654') Concealed with shale 20 320 Limestone 2 322 Shale and concealed 23 345 Coal blossom, Little Pittsburgh 345 45' Concealed 25 370 Sanustone, Connellsville 15 385 Shale, sandy 20 405 Sandstone, massive 10 415 Concealed, mostly red shale 30 445 Sandstone, shaly, Lower Connellsville 20 465 Shale, red, to Leading Creek 20 485 Continued in R. Gissy No. 158 (342) Well Record: Unrecorded 270 755 Sand, Little Dunkard 40 795 Unrecorded 125 920 Sand, Big Dunkard 34 954 609' Allegheny Series (213') Unrecorded 66 1020 Gas Sand, Lower Freeport 35 1055 Unrecorded 72 1127 Sand, Clarion 32 1159 Unrecorded 8 1167 Pottsville Series (433') Sand, Homewood 86 1253 Unrecorded 212 1465 Sand, Salt (gas, 30' in) 125 1590 Maunch Chunk Series (198') Unrecorded 171 1761 Little Lime 15 1776 Pencil Cave 12 1788 Greenbrier Limestone (102') Big Lime 102 1800 Pocono Sandstones (380') Big Injun Sand (gas, 10' in) 110 2000 Unrecorded 100 2100 Shells 20 2120 Unrecorded 130 2250 Sand, Berea 20 2270 Catskill and Chemung Series (825') Unrecorded 20 2290 Sand, Fifty-foot 50 2340 Unrecorded 50 2390 Sand, Thirty-foot 15 2405 Unrecorded 55 2460 Sand, Gordon Stray 10 2470 Unrecorded .* 101 2571 Sand, Gordon (gas, 1' in) 18 2589 Unrecorded, no sands, to bottom 506 3095 We'l completed June 24, 1909. 62 STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL SECTIONS. Courthouse District. In the following section, the surface portion was measured with hand level, and the lower portion, below the Sewickley Sandstone, is from the record of the J. C. Collins No. 1 (428) oil well, by the Crude Oil Company : Bealls Mills Section, Courthouse District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (220') Feet. Feet. Concealed from top of knob 20 20 Sandstone, flaggy, Lower Marietta 30 50 50' Concealed to level of J. C. Collins No. 1 (428) Well (1146' L.) 25 75 Concealed, mostly reds 90 165 Steep bluff, with sandstone, Waynesburg 55 220 170' Monongahela Series (385') Concealed in slope 25 245 Sandstone, massive, Gilboy 30 275 Concealed 25 300 Sandstone, flaggy, Uniontown 20 320 Concealed, with reds 65 385 Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, pebbly, great cliff, rock, 10' visible above creek, total thickness supplied from outcrop yz mile east, Sewickley 35 420 200' Unrecorded 185 605 Section Continued in J. C. Collins No. 1 (428) Well Record: Pittsburgh Coal 605 185' Conemaugh Series (540') Unrecorded 480 1085 Big Dunkard Sand 60 1145 Allegheny, Pottsville and Mauch Chunk Series (1070') Unrecorded 40 1185 Sand, Lower Freeport 80 1265 Unrecorded 920 2185 Little Lime 15 2200 Pencil Cave 15 2215 1610' Greenbrier Limestone (110') Big Lime 110 2325 Pocono and Catskill Series (782') Big Injun Sand 150 2475 Unrecorded 394 2869 Gordon Stray Sand 17 2886 Unrecorded 15 2901 686' Gordon Sand 9 2910 Unrecorded 175 3085 184' Fifth Sand 7 3092 Unrecorded to bottom 15 3107 Total depth of well, 3032 feet. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 63 The following section was measured with aneroid from a high knob, three-fourths mile southeast of Copley, northward down to Sand Fork. Being on the dip of the measures, the intervals are larger than true vertical measurement would show : Copley Section, Courthouse District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (385') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, soft, capping knob, Upper Marietta 35 35 Concealed, mostly shale 30 65 Sandstone, flaggy, brown, Lower Marietta.... 35 100 Shale, sandy, partly concealed 45 145 Coal blossom, Washington (1215' B.) 145 145' Shale, yellow, Washington Fire Clay 45 190 Sandstone, shaly at base, Mannington 50 240 Concealed, with reds 75 315 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, great cliff, Waynesburg (975' B.) 70 385 240' Monongahela Series (175') Concealed 15 400 Sandstone, Gilboy 10 410 Shale, variegated, partly concealed, to Sand Fork 150 560 The following section was measured with aneroid down a steep hill road, 1^> miles southwest of Gillooly : Gillooly Section, Courthouse District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (290') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, brown, ] capping knob 30' [ Lower Concpaled 10 f Marietta... 55 55 Sandstone, flaggy 15 J Concealed 15 70 70' Fire clay shale, green at top, Washington 20 90 Sandstone, shaly 25 115 Shale, variegated 40 155 ' Sandstone, shaly, Mannington 20 175 Concealed, with red shale and thin sandstones 75 250 Sandstone, massive, Waynesburg 40 290 220 Monongahela Series (270') Concealed, mostly reds 45 339 Sandstone, Gilboy 15 350 Shale, red, with thin sandstones 60 410 Sandstone, green, Uniontown 10 420 130' Sha'e, red, partly concealed 40 460 Sandstone, shaly, Arnoldsburg 25 485 Shale, variegated, with sandstone 30 515 Sandstone, flaggy, Sewickley 15 530 110 Shale, red and variegated, to creek (850' B.) . . 30 560 64 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS. In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand level up the steep hill east of the West Fork River peninsula, one mile north of Brownsville. The lower portion is the record of the Louis Bennett No. 1 (526) gas well, drilled by Guffey and Galey : Brownsville Section, Courthouse District. Thickness Total Dunkard Series (117') Feet. Feet. Concealed, with sandstone fragments, from top of knob 17 17 Sandstone, massive, soft, ] brown 45' | Concealed 5 [Waynesburg. 100 117 117' Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown, with a few peb- bles 50 Monongahela and Conemaugh Series (991') Concealed 40 Sandstone, flaggy, Gilboy 20 177 Shale, sandy 26 203 Sandstone, shaly, Uniontown 18 221 104' Concealed, with reds 17 238 Sandstone, shaly 11 249 Shale, variegated 33 282 Sandstone, brown. ...... .15' ] Sandstone, greenish, fine I . grained 16 [ Arnoldsburg . 41 Shale, variegated 10 J Concealed 17 340 Sandstone, flaggy 20' ] Concealed 23 }- Sewickley 58 398 177' Sandstone, flaggy 15 J Concealed 48 446 Sandstone, massive, Cedarville 17 463 Shale, sandy 5 468 Coal, Redstone (Louis Bennett Mine No. 93 on Map II, 1055' B.) partly shut, about 5 473 75' Continued by Louis Bennett No. 1 (526) Well Record (1055' B.) : Clay 9 482 Lime 80 562 Slate 11 573 Lime 25 598 Coal, Little Pittsburgh 2 600 127' Sand, white, Connellsville 12 612 Slate 10 622 Red rock 16 638 Sand, white, Lower Connellsville 15 653 Red rock 80 733 Lime 30 763 Slate 15 778 Red rock 35 813 C/2 rt .OCiOCOCOOOt-OOCOt~OOCOrHOt-U3 N - co • • co rH • • . CO . . CO -— ' rH • • -S :£S££ : :g t- • • .«oeo .usoo co • • CO CO • • t— OUOOOJ rH • • -OCO -USUS C rH • • *mmm Tti . • -oo -OOt- • -OOi -^^OOO • -OO^-OOrH • -OOO rH . .cgcg -v— -SqcqCsl • 1 — 'IM CO • ic^W qSnBuiauoo • OOCO -rH^C-OTj Rush Run 40 40 40' Sandstone, brown, micaceous, | medium coarse, hard 15 J Shale, mostly red 60 100 Sandstone, flaggy, Jollytown 5 105 Shale, variegated 20 125 Sandstone, shaly, Hundred 10 135 Shale, variegated 45 180 Sandstone, buff, massive, soft, Upper Marietta 40 220 180' Shale, red, concealed, and variegated shale, Creston Reds 110 330 Sandstone, massive, brown, Lower Marietta.. 25 355 Concealed 10 365 Coal blossom, Washington (1045' B.) 365 145' Fire clay shale, yellow, Washington 30 395 Sandstone, massive, Mannington 30 425 Numerous sections, showing the Dunkard Series, are pub- lished in Chapter IV. The following list gives the thickness of the series, in feet, as it is revealed in those sections : Baldwin (95'), Bealls Mills (220'), Bennett (242'), Brownsville (117'), Burnsville (135'), Camden (145'), Cedar- ville (253'), Churchville (265'), Conings (476'), Copley (385'), Coxs Mills (345'), Gaston (202'), Gillooly (290'), Glenville (80'). Hurst (550'?), Latonia (207'), Lorentz (215'), New- berne (412'), Roanoke (38'), Sand Fork (220'), Standing- stone Run (85'), Stouts Mills (190'), Tanner (270'), Troy (20'), Vadis (45'). In the section for Hurst the line of separation between the Dunkard and Monongahela is uncertain. 1O6 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS. RUSH RUN SANDSTONE. The Rush Run Sandstone of Hennen1, the highest forma- tion of the Dunkard Series definitely recognized in Lewis and Gilmer, appears only in a few of the highest knobs along the northwestern border. It is usually soft, massive, green- ish brown and micaceous. In Chapter IV its thickness and position are noted in the sections for Hurst and Conings, and in the present Chapter it is noted in the Dry Fork Section. So far as observed it has not been quarried. JOLLYTOWN SANDSTONE. The Jollytown Sandstone of Hennen3 appears in some of the high hills along the northwestern border. It is usually soft, massive and brown. In Chapter IV its position and thickness were noted in the sections for Hurst and Conings, and in the present Chapter it appears in the Dry Fork Sec- tion. No quarries were observed. HUNDRED SANDSTONE. The Hundred Sandstone of Hennen2 occurs in some of the high knobs along the northwestern border. At Racket, on the Ritchie-Gilmer Line, it forms a prominent cliff, 1210' above sea level. In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Con- ings, Hurst and Newberne, and in the present Chapter it is recorded in the Dry Fork Section. At Conings it was being quarried locally for chimney blocks and stove pipe fittings but its soft character would usually make it unfit for build- ing stone. UPPER MARIETTA SANDSTONE. The Upper Marietta Sandstone, a member of the group first described by White4 as the Marietta Sandstones, and later 'Ray V. Hennen Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 191; 1909. 2Ray V. Hennen, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 196; 1909. 3Ray V. Hennen, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Rept, W. Va. G. S., p. 214; 1909. «I. C. White Bull. 65, U. S. G. S., p. 35-36; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. IO7 subdivided by Hennen5 into the Upper and Lower Marietta Sandstones, is the next definite sandstone horizon below the Hundred. It is usually light brown in color, flaggy and mica- ceous. Along the Ritchie-Gilmer Line, however, it is fre- quently a massive cliff rock, brown and soft, varying from 30 to 50 feet thick. It was noted at the head of Tanner Creek, at 1125 feet, at the head of Bushcamp Run at 1175 feet, and at the head of Laurel Fork at 1165 feet. In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Bennett, Cedarville, Conings, Copley, Coxs Mills, Hurst, Newberne. and Tanner, and in the present Chapter, it appears in the section for Dry Fork. No quarries were observed. CRESTON RED SHALE. The Creston Red Shale of Hennen6 was noted occasion- ally but its red character is not so conspicuous as at Creston, Wirt County, where it was named. In Lewis County it was noted along the ridge road at the head of Walnut Fork of Fink Creek where it is 30' thick at an elevation of 1195' B. In Chapter IV the shale is noted in the sections for Cedarville, Hurst and Newberne, and in the present Chapter it appears in that for Dry Fork. LOWER MARIETTA SANDSTONE. The Lower Marietta Sandstone, a member of the Marietta Sandstone group first described by White7 and later classified by its present title by Hennen8, is of frequent occurrence in the Dunkard Measures of Lewis and Gilmer. It is usually light brown, micaceous and flaggy. In Lewis County it was noted at the head of Right Fork of Freemans Creek, cropping flush with the Annie Joyce No. 1 (206) well, at an elevation of 1140' B. In Gilmer it was noted on Sand Fork, one mile north- east of Blackburn, in an old oil well road, at an elevation of 1215' B. In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Bealls 5Ray V. Hennen, Marshall- Wetzel-Tyler Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 215 ; 1909. "Ray V. Hennen, Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 154; 1911. TI. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. S,, p. 35-36; 1891. 8Ray V. Hennen, Marshall- Wetzel-Tyler Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 217; 1909. IO8 STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. Mills, Bennett, Cedarville, Conings, Copley, Coxs Mills, Gas- ton, Gillooly, Hurst, Newberne, Sand Fork and Tanner, and in the present Chapter it appears in that for Dry Fork. No quarries were observed. WASHINGTON COAL. The Washington Coal, first described by White9 as the Brownsville Coal from a town of that name in Monongalia County, and later given its present title by White and J. J. Stevenson, from the town of Washington, Pa., occurs gen- erally throughout the region previously outlined for the out- crop of the Dunkard Series, being usually about two feet thick, of which the upper portion is slaty. Its occurrence and dis- tribution will be discussed in detail in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." Its outcrop is shown on Map II. WASHINGTON FIRE CLAY SHALE. The Washington Fire Clay Shale of Hennen10, lying be- tween the Washington Coal and the Mannington Sandstone, is of general occurrence throughout the Dunkard area of Lewis and Gilmer. It is usually about 30 feet thick, yellow and some- what sandy in the lower portion, but having a decidedly green- ish tinge at the top, just below the Washington Coal, making a valuable marker in searching for the latter horizon. In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Bennett, Cedarville, Conings, Copley, Gaston, Gillooly, Hurst, Latonia, Newberne, Sand Fork and Tanner, and in the present Chapter in that for Dry Fork. MANNINGTON SANDSTONE. The Mannington Sandstone of Grimsley11 does not have such a prominent character in Lewis and Gilmer as in some of the neighboring counties on the north and west. It is usually present in the measures but is often shaly, lacking the "1. C. White, Annals of the Lvceuni of Natural History, New York, Vol. XI, pp. 47-55; July, 1874 — "Notes on the Upper Coal Measures of West Virginia and Pennsylvania," read May 25, 1874. "Ray V. Hennen, Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept., W. Va. G. S., pp. 163- 164; 1911. "G. P. Grimsley, Vol. IV, W. Va. G. S., p. 440; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. lOQ massive, pebbly, cliff-forming quality of other regions. It is usually light brown in color and often directly underlies the Washington Fire Clay Shale. In Chapter IV the Manning- ton Sandstone is noted in the sections for Bennett, Burnsville, Camden, Cedarville, Churchville, Conings, Copley, Gaston, Gil- looly, Hurst, Latonia, Newberne, Sand Fork, and Tanner, and in the present Chapter in that for Dry Fork. No quarries wrere observed. WAYNESBURG SANDSTONE. The Waynesburg Sandstone, first named and described by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania from its oc- currence at Waynesburg, Pa., is the most conspicuous sand- stone member of the Dunkard Series in Lewis and Gilmer. It is usually massive, buff in color, frequently carrying quartz pebbles as large as marbles and about half rounded by attri- tion, and often forms great cliffs easily followed by the eye. It occurs at nearly all points where the Dunkard Series is found and its place may be readily obtained on Map II from the crop of the base of the Series which is seldom more than 10 feet below the sandstone. It was noted frequently along the northwestern border of the two counties where the Dun- kard has its maximum thickness and also along the Grassland and Roanoke Synclines farther to the southeast. At Glen- ville, Gilmer County, it forms a cliff in the hills south of the Little Kanawha River, arid is particularly noticeable along the Dekalb-Center District Line, one mile and a half south- west of the town where it forms great stone pillars, or "rock cities," capping some of the hill tops, as illustrated by Plates XI and XII. In Chapter IV the WTaynesburg Sandstone is noted in the sections for Baldwin, Bealls Mills, Bennett, Brownsville, Burnsville, Camden, Cedarville, Churchville, Conings, Copley, Coxs Mills, Gaston, Gillooly, Glenville, Latonia, Lorentz, Newberne, Roanoke, Sand Fork, Stouts Mills, Standingstone Run, Tanner, Troy and Vadis. The Waynesburg Sandstone was once quarried on the land of A. N. West, at the Glenville-Center District Line, 1.3 miles southward from Glenville. Here the ledge is massive, IIO STRATIGRAPHY THE DUNKARD SERIES. buff, with small quartz pebbles and makes a prominent cliff 30' high in the hilltop, at an elevation of 1290' B. Stone from this quarry was used in the retaining- wall at the State Normal School in Glenville. CASSVILLE PLANT SHALE. The Cassville Plant Shale of White and Fontaine12 that contains numerous plant fossils in Marion and Monongalia Counties was not definitely recognized in Lewis and Gilmer. The Waynesburg Sandstone is usually separated from the Gilboy next below it by 10 to 20 feet of shale, but the almost total absence of Waynesburg Coal, and consequent lack of diggings, and the great amount of talus from the cliff above, combined to make the examination of this horizon fruitless. 12I. C White and Wm. M. Fontaine, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., pp. 119- 123; 1903.' CHAPTER VI. STRATIGRAPHY— THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SECTION. The Monongahela Series of the Pennsylvania!! Rocks, first named and described by H. D. Rogers from its abundant c i tcrop along the Monongahela River in the State of Penn- sylvania, and later described in more detail by Jno. J. Steven- son, I. C. White, and others, includes a large portion of the outcropping rocks of Lewis and Gilmer. Portions of it are found in every magisterial district. Along the northwestern edge of the two counties, it goes under drainage and in the southern end of Lewis, in portions of Skin Creek and Col- lins Settlement Districts, the southeastward rise of the rocks elevates it above the hilltops, but between these limits its out- crop is continuous. In Lewis and Gilmer the series consists mainly of sand- stone beds, greenish or gray in color, alternating with red or sandy shales, and contains two important coal seams as well as some that are not of commercial rank. The abundant lime- stone horizons of northern West Virginia and western Penn- sylvania are almost wholly lacking, being represented by only one stratum of importance. Three important coal beds, the Waynesburg, Uniontown, and Sewickley, that are of minable thickness elsewhere, are too thin in Lewis and Gilmer to have commercial importance. Taken as a whole, the series lacks many of the economic features found in the more northern counties, while its thickness remains essentially the same, hav- ing a larger percentage of sandstone and red beds. The following general section, compiled from the detailed sections of Chapter IV, and from numerous special observa- 112 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. tions, represents the maximum number and thickness of Mo- nongahela sediments noted in Lewis and Gilmer. The series as observed varies in thickness from 340 to 400 feet, being usually about 350: General Section of the Monongahela Series for Lewis and Gilmer. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Coal, Waynesburg 1 1 Shale 9 10 Sandstone, greenish brown, Gilboy 25 35 Shale 15 50 Sandstone, green, micaceous, flaggy, gray and massive in western Gilmer, Uniontown... 40 90 Shale, greenish brown, Annabel le 8 98 Coal, Uniontown 2 100 Shale 4 104 Limestone, shaly, Uniontown 1 105 Shale, red, with limestone nuggets 30 135 Sandstone, green, flaggy, Arnoldsburg 25 160 Shale, red, with limestone nuggets 49 209 Sandstone, massive, gray, pebbly, great cliff rock, Upper Sewickley 50 259 Coal, Sewickley 1 260 Shale 5 265 Sandstone, gray, Lower Sewickley 30 295 Limestone, red, ferriferous and shaly, Sewick- ley 2 297 Shale '.. 7 304 Sandstone, gray, massive, Cedarville 40 344 Coal, Redstone 6 350 Shale 5 355 Sandstone, gray, massive, Weston 20 375 Limestone, Redstone 5 380 Shale, Weston 10 390 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 398 DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS. THE WAYNESBURG COAL. The Waynesburg Coal, first named and described by H. D. Rogers from its outcrop at Waynesburg, Pa., is of little im- portance in Lewis and Gilmer. Usually it is not found at all but sometimes a black slate appears a few feet below the Waynesburg Sandstone that represents it. In Courthouse Dis- trict, Lewis, the blossom of the coal was observed at several points along the headwaters of various branches of Sand Fork WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 113 west of Edmiston. On Rock Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Bealls Mills, an abandoned coal digging, at an elevation of 1055' B., represents the Waynesburg, but little coal seems to have been found there. THE GILBOY SANDSTONE. The Gilboy Sandstone of White1, usually appearing 5 to 10 feet below the Waynesburg Coal horizon, and 15 to 20 feet below the Waynesburg Sandstone, is found frequently in Lewis and Gilmer but is generally shaly and inconspicuous. It contains no typical physical characteristics in the two counties, varying in color from gray to green or brown, and being flaggy, shaly or massive. A good exposure of the Gil- boy Sandstone was noted at the mouth of Chestnut Run of Upper Big Run of Horn Creek, 1.3 miles southwest of Coxs Mills, Troy District, Gilmer, where three massive cliffs ap- pear, the middle one of which is the Gilboy, being 15 feet thick, 952' B. above tide, 55 feet below the base of the Wraynes- burg and 92 feet above the base of the Arnoldsburg Sand- stone by hand level measurements. The Gilboy Sandstone has been quarried locally in the hill northeast of Cedarville, Center District, Gilmer, where, as shown by the Cedarville Section published in Chapter IV, it is massive, with streaks of shale, medium hard and coarse, and 18 feet thick. The quarry is small, extending only about 10 feet into the hill. This sand- stone is noted frequently in the detailed sections of Chap- ter IV. UNIONTOWN SANDSTONE. The Uniontown Sandstone of White2 occurs generally throughout both counties. As observed in Lewis and eastern Gilmer it is usually green, micaceous and flaggy, varying in thickness from 5 to 30 feet, and being usually 75 to 100 feet below the Waynesburg Coal. In Dekalb District, western Gilmer, however, it undergoes a remarkable change, becom- ing a great, massive, coarse, gray cliff rock, and making a marked topographic feature along the Little Kanawha River 'I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 150; 1903. al. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. S., p. 58; 1891. 114 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. and along Tanner Creek and several of its tributary streams. The presence of the Washington, Uniontown and Sewickley Coals in the Tanner region, leaves no doubt as to the identi- fication of this cliff. It preserves the same character west- ward to the Calhoun Line, and remains a prominent feature along the Little Kanawha River as far west as Grantsville, Calhoun County. The uniformly massive and firm character of the Uniontown Sandstone in western Dekalb District makes it especially suitable for bridge piers and abutments and for other purposes where massive masonry is desired. So far as known, it has not been used for such purposes as no quarries were observed in either county. THE ANNABELLE SHALE. The Annabelle Shale of the writer3, named for its occur- rence at Annabelle, Marion County, where it is used for brick manufacture, separating the Uniontown Sandstone from the Uniontown Coal, is not prominent in Lewis and Gilmer. It was observed along Crane Run in Troy District, Gilmer, 0.8 mile southwest of Conings, where it occurs between the Uniontown Sandstone and the Uniontown Coal, being green in color and 5 feet 'thick. In Dekalb District it was observed on Richbottom Run, 0.8 mile northeast of Lucerne, along a hill road where the following section was made : Feet. Sandstone, flaggy, Uniontown 10 Shale, sandy, green, Annabelle 5 Coal, streak, Uniontown (1020' B.) Fire clay shale The Annabelle Shale was observed also on Trace Fork of Tanner Creek, 0.7 mile southeast of Revere, where it is 10 feet thick underlying the massive Uniontown cliff rock. THE UNIONTOWN COAL. The Uniontown Coal, originally named and described by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, is; present in portions of western Lewis and northern Gilmer. It has been "Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 250; 1913. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 115 opened in many places for farm use, but as it usually carries heavy slate partings and is seldom more than one or two feet thick, if not absent from the measures entirely, it must be re- garded as of no commercial value. The samples obtained for analysis show that it is unusually high in volatile matter, but also high in sulphur, making it unfit for smithing but fairly good for domestic or steam coal. Such information as was obtained from various openings is assembled in the following pages, grouped by magisterial districts : Freemans Creek District, Lewis. — Several openings were observed in Freemans Creek District, one of which is as fol- lows: Coal Opening — No. 17 on Map II. On Isaacs Branch of Fink Creek, 1.4 miles southwest of Church- ville; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 1080' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Uniontown Shale, gray 1 6 Coal 2 0 Slate P. R. Woofter Farm Mine — No. 18 on Map II. On a branch of Fink Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Churchville; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 955' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, coarse, buff, pebbly 30 0 Shale, concealed, and sandstone, shaly 20 0 Shale, gray 5 0 Coal 1' 6%"] Slate, dark 0 0% }- 2 6 Coal 0 11 J The Joseph Gum Farm Mine — No. 19 on Map II— situated on the same branch as the Woofter opening, was noted under the section for Churchville, published in Chapter IV. The Domineck Sweeney Prospect — No. 20 on Map II — lo- cated on Fink Creek, 0.6 mile northeast of Dry Fork, at an elevation of 850' B., had fallen shut but was reported by Mr. Sweeney to have been 22" thick. Il6 STRATIGRAPHY — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Coal Prospect — No. 21 on Map II. On Fink Creek, at Dry Fork; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 840' B. Ft. In. Coa! (sandy shale roof) 0' 5" Slate, black 0 3 Coal, 0" to 0 4 j- 3 6 Shale, gray 0 6 | Coal, (concealed floor) 2 0 J The following exposure was noted along the public road : Coal Exposure — No. 22 on Map II. On Fink Creek, 1.4 miles northeast of Hurst; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 825' B. Ft. In. Shale, gray Coal 0' 4" | Shale, gray 0 1 }• 1 1 Coal 0 8 j Fire clay shale and concealed to creek 15 0 N. C. Lattea Farm Mine— No. 23 on Map II. On a branch of Straight Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Hurst; Union- town Coal; elevation, 890' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 3 0 Shale gray 4 0 Coal 0' 10" | Shale, gray 0 9 }• 2 7 Coal 1 0 J Slate pavement John Hines Farm Mine — No. 24 on Map II. On Alum Fork of Fink Creek, 3.2 miles southwest of Churchville; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 1045' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale, gray 2. Slate, black 1 0 3. Coal 0' 5"! 4. Slate, black 0 5 | 5. Coal 1 0 }• 3 6 6. Slate, gray 0 1 | 7. Coal 1 7 J 8. Slate, pavement A sample was collected from Nos. 5 and 7 of section, the composition of which is published under No. 24 in the table of coal analyses at the end of Chapter XI. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I \J The John Fallen Farm Mine — No. 25 on Map II — located on Alum Fork of Fink Creek, 1.9 miles southwest of Church- ville,v at an elevation of 1105' B., had fallen shut but was reported to have been about 3 feet thick. Courthouse District, Lewis — In Courthouse District, few openings were found but the two following indicate that the Uniontown Coal is present in a small portion of it : Matthews Heirs Exposure — No. 26 on Map II. On Middle Run, 2 miles northwest of Brownsville; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 1171' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Coal 2 0 Shale, gray The William McBride Opening — No. 27 on Map II — lo- cated on Middle Run, 2.8 miles northwest of Brownsville, at an elevation of 1175' B.. had fallen shut, but the coal was re- ported by Mr. McBride to have been 2' 6" thick. Troy District, Gilmer. — In Troy District, the Uniontown Coal frequently appears in the measures but is seldom more than a few inches thick. At Conings, in the northeastern corner, a thin coal lying a few feet above drainage represents this horizon but it is too thin for use. Farther west the coal is better, as the following openings will show : The John Lang Opening, No. 28 on Map II, located on Upper Big Run of Horn Creek, 1 mile southwest of Coxs Mills, at an elevation of 910' B., had fallen shut but was reported by Mr. Lang to have shown 1' 6" of Coal. Andrew Reed Heirs Opening — No. 29 on Map II. On Garfield Run of Sinking Creek, 1.2 miles southeast of Now- berne; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 930' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Uniontown 15 0 Shale and concealed 10 0 Coal, reported 1 6 Il8 STRATIGRAPHY — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. W. C. Snodgrass Farm Mine — No. 30 on Map II. At the mouth of Pennsylvania Run of Tanner Creek, 1 mile south- west of Newberne; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 850' L. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive, Uniontown 10 0 2. Coal 1 6 3. Slate, pavement A sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the com- position of which is given under No. 30 in the table of analyses at the end of Chapter XL Dekalb District, Gilmer.— In Dekalb District, the Union- town Coal has been opened at various points, but many of the prospects have fallen shut. At Opening No. 31 on Map II, located on Brushy Run of Tanner Creek, 1.6 miles southwest of Newberne, at an ele- vation of 90S' B., considerable coal has been taken out by open cut, but the place has been abandoned and the thickness of the seam was not obtained. Farther down Tanner Creek at Opening No. 32 on Map II, 2.7 miles northeast of Tanner, the coal had once been mined at an elevation of 865' B., but the opening had fallen shut. At the Thos. Hardman Heirs Opeinng — No. 33 on Map II, located on the hill just south of Tanner, at an elevation of 872' L., the place had fallen shut, but the coal was reported to have been 2 feet thick, as already noted in the section for Tanner in Chapter IV. Two openings were found on Sinking Creek, as follows : James A. Bush Prospect — No. 34 on Map II. On a branch of Sinking Creek, 1 mile northwest of Lucerne; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 955' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Uniontown. ... 20 0 2. Shale, gray, sandy, with a few limestone nod- ules 8 0 3. Limestone, hard, lenticular, silicious, 0" to.. 1 0 4. Shale, gray 0 4 5. Coal, 0' 6" to 1' 0" 1 6. Shale, gray 3 6 }• 5 9 1. Coal 1 3 J 8. Slate, pavement WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 119 Owing to the presence of water in the prospect, a sample was collected from a freshly mined stock pile, the composition of which is given under No. 34 in the table of analyses at the end of Chapter XI. The analysis shows a high percentage of volatile matter, but ash, sulphur and phosphorus are also high. J. S. Shaffer Prospect— No. 35 on Map II. On a branch of Sinking Creek, 1.1 miles northwest of Lucerne; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 945' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, cliff, Uniontown Concealed and shale 10 0 Coal 0' 2" ] Shale, gray 0 10 | Coal, 0' 4" to 0 7 \- 2 0 Shale, gray 0 3 | Coal 0 2 J Fire clay shale, visible 3 0 Glenville District, Gilmer. — In Glenville District, the Uniontown Coal is apparently almost lacking in the measures as its horizon is occupied by red shale. Only one exposure of any importance was noted, as follows : Coal Exposure — No. 36 on Map II. On Indian Fork, 0.9 mile northeast of Blackburn; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 925' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal .0' 5" ] Shale, gray 1 0 }• 1 11 Coal 0 6 J Fire clay shale In Otter District, Braxton County, 1.3 miles from the Gilmer Line, the following opening was observed : Smith Marks Farm Mine — No. 37 on Map II. On Piper Fork of Crooked Fork of Left Fork of Steer Creek, 015 mile north of Progress; Uniontown Coal; elevation, 1225' B. Ft. In. Shale, gray, visible 3 0 Slate, black, bony 0 6 Coal, slaty 1 6 Slate, pavement I2O STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. THE UNIONTOWN LIMESTONE. The Uniontown Limestone, a subdivision made by J. J. Stevenson from the Great Limestone of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, is almost wholly lacking in Lewis and Gilmer, its horizon being usually occupied by red shale or lenticular sandstones. On Rush Run, Courthouse District, Lewis, nuggets of shaly lime were observed 2 miles south- east of Edmiston, at an elevation of 1100' B., and on another branch of the same run, 1.5 miles east of Edmiston, 1 foot of brecciated limestone was noted at 1115' B., both of which seem to represent the Uniontown. On a branch of Fink Creek, Freemans Creek District, Lewis, one mile east of Hurst, the following relationship was observed at the N. C. Lattea Coal Opening, No. 23 on Map II, previously described : Feet. Coal, Uniontown 2% Shale, variegated 14 Limestone, silicious, Uniontown 1 Shale, sandy, and concealed, to run 30 THE ARNOLDSBURG SANDSTONE. The Arnoldsburg Sandstone of Hennen4 is present gen- erally throughout Lewis and Gilmer where the Monongahela Series outcrops, but lacks the massive character noted at its type locality. It is usually green and flaggy, varying in thick- ness from 5 to 30 feet, and often being separated into two ledges by a shale bed. It has been noted in numerous sections published in Chapter IV. No quarries were observed on this ledge. THE UPPER SEWICKLEY SANDSTONE. The Sewickley Sandstone of White5, later termed the Up- per Sewickley by Hennen6, is one of the most persistent and easily recognized sandstone horizons of the two counties. It is usually a great massive cliff rock, gray in color, and having large quartz pebbles slightly rounded by attrition, often reach- 4Ray V. Hennen, Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept., W. Va. G. S , p. 202; 1911 »I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. S., p. 60; 1891. "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 199; 1912. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 121 ing a thickness of 50 to 60 feet, and influencing the topography to a marked extent. In physical character it much resembles the Waynesburg, belonging more than 200 feet above, and the two have often been confused in these two counties. In Hackers Creek, Skin Creek and eastern Freemans Creek Districts, Lewis, it is not prominent, as it lacks its mas- sive and pebbly character, but in western Freemans Creek, Courthouse and Collins Settlement Districts, Lewis, and in most of Gilmer, it is a great cliff rock readily traced by the eye along the hillsides. In Lewis this stratum makes a great cliff along Sand Fork and its branches in the region of Cop- ley and Bealls Mills, and also along Indian Fork. At Orlando it makes a huge cliff half way up the hillside northwest of the town. In Gilmer it makes a cliff, just above drainage, along Sand Fork in the vicinity of Ellis. In Center District, it makes a prominent cliff along Steer Creek and its branches, being a conspicuous landmark at Rosedale where it is well up on the hillsides. The Upper Sewickley Sandstone has been quarried on the Stokes Tunstill farm on Polk Creek, Freemans Creek District, Lewis, 1.5 miles northwest of Weston. Flere the sandstone is massive, coarse, buff, soft and friable, with small quartz pebbles, only 20 feet of the upper portion of the ledge being quarried and exposed. The quarry, which is 90 feet by hand level above an opening in the Redstone Coal, is about 30 feet long and extends about 20 feet into the hill. The stone seems too friable here to have much value for building purposes. This sandstone has also been quarried on the Andrew Ed- miston farm on a branch of Middle Run, Courthouse District, Lewis, 2.3 miles northwest of Brownsville, only the upper 15 feet of the ledge being exposed and worked. Here the sand- stone is massive, coarse, gray, soft and friable, the tidal ele- vation of its top being 1120' B. The quarry is about 60 feet long and extends into the hill about 20 feet. The stone seems too soft here to be of durable character. THE SEWICKLEY COAL. The Sewickley Coal, originally described by the First Geo- logical Survey of Pennsylvania, belonging just under the Up- 122 STRATIGRAPHY — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. per Sewickley Sandstone, and from 90 to 140 feet above the base of the Monongahela Series, has little areal extent or thickness in Lewis and Gilmer. In Lewis it is almost wholly absent, only one opening being observed, as follows : Conrad Heirs Prospect — No. 38 on Map II. On Canoe Run, 0.6 mile northwest of Roanoke, Collins Settlement District; Sewickley Coal; elevation, 1110' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Sewickley 10 0 Shaie, sandy 10 0 Coal, thickness concealed, reported 2 6 In Gilmer there is a small quantity of Sewickley Coal in the vicinity of Tanner, Dekalb District, but it is too thin and slaty to be of value. One of these outcrops, Exposure No. 39 on Map II, in the public road at Tanner, has already been noted in the section for Tanner, published in Chapter IV. The following was noted along the public road farther down the creek : Coal Exposure — No. 40 on Map II. On Tanner Creek, 1 mile northwest of Latonia; Sewickley Coal; elevation, 730' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Sewickley Shale, sandy 10 0 Coal 0' 4" ] Slate, gray 0 2 }- 0 10 Coal 0 4 J Slate, gray At Prospect No. 41 on Map II, 0.3 mile west of Latonia, the Sewickley Coal had once been opened at an elevation of 785' B., but apparently not much coal was found, the blossom which appears in the road at the same level being only 0' 8" thick. In Center District at the Sylvester Maxwell Prospect, No. 42 on Map II, on Road Run, 2.2 miles northwest of Norman- town, now fallen shut, the Sewickley Coal was reported 1 foot thick, being at an elevation of 1000' B. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 123 THE LOWER SEWICKLEY SANDSTONE. The Lower Sewickley Sandstone of Hennen7 occurs fre- quently as a separate ledge in Lewis and Gilmer, but it is often apparently consolidated with the Upper Sewickley above to form the great massive stratum previously described. When occurring as a separate ledge it is usually flaggy or shaly and preserves no distinct type. Its thickness and character have been noted in numerous sections in Chapter IV. THE SEWICKLEY LIMESTONE. The Sewickley Limestone of J. J. Stevenson, coming just below the Lower Sewickley Sandstone, appears in the mea- sures in portions of Lewis and Gilmer, but is usually poorly represented or absent entirely. It is generally ferriferous and shaly, and red in color, having little resemblance to its ap- pearance in the northern counties of the State. In Lewis the Sewickley Limestone was noted at several points along the Roanoke Syncline in the neighborhood of Rohrbough and Roa- noke, in Courthouse and Collins Settlement Districts. Here it is shaly, red and impure, being usually less than one foot thick. In Gilmer it is found at various points in Glenville and Center Districts. At Stouts Mills it appears in the Little Ka- nawha River bank under the highway bridge, being 2 feet thick, red and shaly, as noted in the section for Stouts Mills in Chapter IV, and only 2 feet above drainage. The shaly and impure character of the Sewickley Lime- stone in Lewis and Gilmer makes it unfit for any economic use, either for road material or agricultural lime, but it en- riches the soil appreciably in the region where it outcrops, thereby having a distinct value. As a stratigraphic horizon, it proved to be a very convenient horizon with which to trace geologic structure in those regions where the Pittsburgh Coal was underground or absent from the measures. In parts of Gilmer, however, it closely resembles the Redstone Limestone which belongs about 100 feet below it, sometimes causing con- fusion. 'Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 201; 3912. 124 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. THE CEDARVILLE SANDSTONE. In Lewis and Gilmer the Monongahela Series often con- tains a considerable sandstone stratum just above the Red- stone Coal. It is noticeable in many localities but in south- western Gilmer it attains massive proportions. At Cedarville, Center District, it forms a prominent cliff at the eastern end of the town, being 41 feet by hand level above the Pittsburgh Coal, which crops in the public road, and 74 feet above drain- age. Here the sandstone is massive, greenish gray, medium coarse and hard, with flakes of mica and occasional spots of iron peroxide, being 32 feet thick, as shown by the section for Cedarville published in Chapter IV. As this sandstone has not previously been noted or named, it will hereafter be called the Cedarville Sandstone in this Report. THE REDSTONE COAL. The Redstone Coal of H. D. Rogers, named from its out- crop along Redstone Creek in Fayette County, Pa., occurs generally throughout Lewis County, being usually free from slate partings and varying in thickness from 3 to 6 feet, and coming 35 to 50 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal w^hich it rivals closely in commerical value. In Gilmer it is seldom present and is apparently of little value there. The outcrop of the Redstone Coal is shown on Map II in those regions where it has minable thickness. Its thickness, character, chemical composition, and extent, together with many measured sec- tions, will be discussed in Chapter XI. THE WESTON SANDSTONE. In Hackers Creek, Freemans Creek, Courthouse and Skin Creek Districts of northeastern Lewis, where the Redstone Coal, Redstone Limestone, and Pittsburgh Coal all appear in conjunction, having been traced directly up the Monongahela and West Fork Rivers by the geologists of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, leaving no doubt as to their correlation, a sand- stone is usually found lying between the Redstone Coal and the Redstone Limestone. So far as known no sandstone member WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 125 has previously been noted or named in this interval. I. C. White states that in the Morgantown and Fairmont region few outcrops have been found where the Redstone Coal, Red- stone Limestone, and Pittsburgh Sandstone, which directly overlies the Pittsburgh Coal, occur in the same locality.8 Later studies by Ray V. Hennen and the writer show that this condition is general throughout the region where the Mo- nongahela Series outcrops in Monongalia, Marion and Harri- son, but in one Report9, the waiter observed near Monongah, Marion County, the occurrence of the Redstone Coal, Red- stone Limestone, Upper Pittsburgh Sandstone and Pittsburgh Coal in the same hillside, leaving little doubt as to their rela- tionship in that region, thus affording direct evidence on which the general sections of Hennen10 for the Monongahela Series There seems little doubt, therefore, that the sandstone which crops in northeastern Lewis, between the Redstone and Pittsburgh Coals, and above, instead of below, the Redstone Limestone is a new horizon, distinct from the Upper Pitts- burgh Sandstone of the Fairmont and Morgantown region, and it will consequently be called the Weston Sandstone in this Report. The position of the Weston Sandstone is well illustrated by the short section published on page 127, describ- ing an occurrence of the Redstone Limestone on the Tierney Brothers property, along Town Run at the southeastern edge of Weston. Here the Weston Sandstone consists of two sand layers, each 10 feet thick, separated by a shale interval of 7 feet, making a total of 27 feet, the upper lens being shaly while the lower one is greenish gray and harder. It has been quarried here on a small scale but proved to be too shaly to make durable building stone. In Lewris County, the Weston Sandstone is found fre- quently throughout the region where the Monongahela Series outcrops, usually having a somewhat soft and shaly nature. At Vadis, Freemans Creek District, it has been quarried along Fink Creek, one-eighth mile west of the town, and used for »I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 163; 1903. "Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Kept., W. Va. G. S.. p. 142; 1913. "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Kept.. W. Va. G. S., p. 179; 1912; and Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 216; 1913. were based. 126 STRATIGRAPHY THE MONONGAIIELA SERIES. bridge piers. The bridge at Vadis, where the stone was used, was built in 1903, but the rock had disintegrated badly when examined in 1914. Here the stone is massive, readily splitting into large blocks, and considering the ease with which it may be handled, its use would perhaps be justified where rough masonry is desired. In Gilmer the Weston Sandstone becomes a much more prominent horizon, being frequently hard and massive and making a steep bluff a short distance above the Pittsburgh Coal horizon, but sometimes having a flaggy nature and a greenish gray color. Its occurrence is general along the out- crop of the Monongahela Series. Numerous sections in Chap- ter IV show its thickness and character. THE REDSTONE LIMESTONE. The Redstone Limestone of J. J. Stevenson, named from its relation to the Redstone Coal, and belonging a few feet below this coal, is frequently found in Lewis and Gilmer, be- ing the only outcropping limestone in the two counties that can be put to possible economic use, but being far inferior in thickness to the same horizon as it appears in the more north- ern counties of the State. Its best development is found in Hackers Creek, Freemans Creek, Courthouse and Skin Creek Districts, Lewis. In Gilmer it is poorly represented, being often entirely absent from the measures. As observed in northeastern Lewis, it varies from 2 to 4 feet in thickness, being gray and hard on fresh fracture, but weathering to a yellow color. It proved to be an important stratigraphic hori- zon, coming as it does between the Redstone and Pittsburgh Coals so that its presence in conjunction with an exposure of either coal removed all doubt as to the correlation, because no other limestone occurs in these two counties near either of these coals, the only exception noted being an exposure of the Upper Pittsburgh Limestone published in the Weston Section in Chapter IV. The following exposure of the Redstone Limestone was observed on the Perry White Farm in Freemans Creek Dis- trict, Lewis, on Left Fork of Freemans Creek, 1.3 miles south- east of Churchville : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 127 Feet. 1. Coal, Redstone (1120' B.) 2 2. Concealed 10 3. Sandstone and sandy shale, Weston 10 4. Limestone, hard, yellow, with fresh water fossils, Redstone 4 5. Shale A sample of this limestone was collected, the analysis of which is reported by Krak as follows : Per cent. Silica (SiO2) 9.77 Ferric Iron (Fe2O3) 1.59 Alumina (A12O3) 3.20 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) 78.47 Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) 6.30 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 0 .24 Total 99 . 57 The analysis shows that this limestone would readily burn into agricultural lime, and its physical character is such that it would make excellent road material. Along Town Run at the southeast edge of Weston, in Courthouse District, Lewis, the following exposure was ob- served on the Tierney Brothers Property: Feet. 1. Coal opening, fallen shut, Redstone 2. Concealed 8 3. Sandstone, shaly 10'] 4. Shale, gray, with fire clay 7 I Weston ..... 27 5. Sandstone, harder, greenish gray.. 10 J 6. Limestone, hard, Redstone 4 7. Shale, limy, Weston 10 8. Coal, Pittsburgh (1110' B.) 1 9. Fire clay A sample was collected from the Redstone Limestone, No. 6 of section, the analysis of which is reported by Krak as follows : Per cent. Silica (SiO2) 2 . 98 Ferric Iron (Fe2O3) 0 . 99 Alumina ( ALO3)~ 0 . 20 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) 93.08 Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) 1 .09 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 0 . 17 Moisture [ 0 77 Loss on ignition] " Total . ,. .99.28 128 STRATIGRAPHY — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. The analysis shows that this stratum would make excel- lent lime for agricultural purposes, as the percentage of inert matter is small, the carbonates of Calcium and Magnesium and the Phosphoric Acid all being of value to the soil. Its physical character indicates that it would make fine road- metal. Another exposure of the Redstone Limestone in Court- house District, Lewis, is the following, secured on the Grace Butcher Farm, one-fourth mile east of Alkires Mills, on Skin Creek: Thickness Total Feet. Feet. 1. Sandstone, massive, Cedarville 15 15 2. Concealed 5 20 3. Coal opening, fallen shut, thickness con- cealed, Redstone 20 4. Concealed 12 32 5. Sandstone, Weston , 10 42 6. Shale, sandy 20 62 7. Concealed, partly, with large boulders of limestone, Redstone 14 76 8. Coal blossom, thickness concealed, Pitts- burgh (1085' B.) 76 In Glenville District, Gilmer, the following exposure was observed on Schoolhouse Run, 1.3 miles southward from Blackburn, on the Benjamin Bartlett Farm: Feet. 1. Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville 2. Shale, sandy, and concealed 10 3. Limestone, hard, yellow, to run, Redstone (885' B.) . . 3 THE WESTON SHALE. In the vicinity of Weston, Lewis County, the Redstone Limestone is separated from the Pittsburgh Coal by a bed of gray shale, usually about 10 feet thick, that is worthy of no- tice because it is being used for brick-making purposes. Its position in the measures is shown by the following section made at the shale pit of the Weston Brick Works, along the West Fork River, one mile south of Weston : Feet. Limestone, hard, Redstone 2 Shale, gray, Weston 10 Coal, Pittsburgh (1020' B.) 1 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I2Q Since this shale has not been previously described or named, it will be called the Weston Shale in this Report. A sample collected from this horizon shows the following anal- ysis, according to Krak : Per cent. Silica (SiOa) 50.65 Ferric Iron (Fe2O3) 8 . 08 Alumina (A1,O3) 13.93 Lime (CaO) 8.62 Magnesia (MgO) 2 . 11 Potassium Oxide (K2O) 3 . 28 Sodium Oxide (Na^O) 0 . 78 Titanium Oxide (TiO2) 0 . 31 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 0 . 67 Moisture 2.60 Loss on ignition 8.60 Total 99 . 63 The Weston Shale is prominent along the public road north of the Crescent Glass Factory, appearing between the Redstone Limestone and the Pittsburgh Coal. It was noted, also, in the short section, published on page 127, describing the Redstone Limestone on the Tierney Brothers property along Town Run at the southeast edge of Weston, being 10 feet thick and limy. A barrel of this shale was shipped by George I. Keener, owner of the works, to State Road Engineer A. D. Williams, at Morgantown, who has had a test made of it for brick, the result of which, with a further description of the plant, will appear in Chapter XII. THE PITTSBURGH COAL. The Pittsburgh Coal, first named and described by J. P. Lesley in 1856 at the city of Pittsburgh, Pa., is the most valu- able economic horizon of the Monongahela Series. In Lewis and Gilmer, it is somewhat patchy in its occurrence, lacking the uniform thickness and character that distinguish it in western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia, but there is a broad belt extending across both counties where it will furnish a large amount of good coal. This bed reaches its best development in the region of Gilmer Station, Gilmer County, where it has the following general section: I3O STRATIGRAPHY — THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. Ft. Jn. 3' 5" Cannel bone 0 1 . . .3 t; Slate pavement.. The cannel bone, coming at the middle of the seam, rep- resents the three bands of bony coal usually found throughout northern West Virginia and western Pennsylvania. Not only have two of these bands disappeared in Gilmer, but also the . one remaining is pure enough to burn as freely as the re- mainder of the seam, and hence is not separated in mining. The outcrop of the coal, in those regions where it has minable thickness, is shown on Map II. In other regions where its horizon outcrops, but has little or no thickness, it is not shown as a coal outcrop, but its position may readily be noted on the map by the base of the Monongahela Series, with which it coincides. The thickness, chemical quality and distribution, to- gether with numerous detailed sections of mines examined, will be presented in detail in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." CHAPTER VII. STRATIGRAPHY— THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SECTION. The Conemaugh Series of the Pennsylvania!! Rocks, first named by Franklin Platt, in 1878, from its outcrop along the Conemaugh River in Pennsylvania, includes a large portion of the surface rocks of Lewis and Gilmer, as its areal limits on Map II will show. The series has been described thoroughly by White in a former volume of the Survey1 and in Lewis and Gilmer differs but little from that description in its gen- eral features. It consists of numerous sandstone beds, usually separated by red or sandy shales, and has several coal seams of which two have minable thickness in some localities. It is further distinguished by the presence of two distinct fossilifer- ous marine limestone horizons, one of wrhich, the Ames, is one of the most recent formations known to contain them in the State. All of its limestone horizons are shaly and impure, being unfit for any economic use. The thickness of the Cone- maugh varies from 450 to 650 feet. The following general section, compiled from numerous detailed sections in Chap- ter IV, as well as from many local observations, shows the characteristic features of the series in Lewis and Gilmer: General Section of the Conemaugh Series for Lewis and Gilmer. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Fire clay and shale 5 5 Sandstone, massive, gray, Lower Pittsburgh.. 40 Shale, gray 3 Limestone, Upper Pittsburgh, (seldom found). 1 Coal, Little Pittsburgh 1 50 'I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., pp. 225-230; 1903. 132 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Shale, variegated and sandy 24 74 Sandstone, massive, gray or brown, Connells- ville 25 99 Coal, Little Clarksburg 1 100 Fire clay shale, Clarksburg 1 101 Shale, red 23 124 Sandstone, massive, gray, Lower Connellsville 35 159 Coal, Normantown 1 160 Shale, red, Clarksburg Reds 42 202 Sandstone, massive or flaggy, gray or brown, Morgantown 30 232 Shale, sandy 10 242 Limestone, shaly, Orlando 3 245 Coal, Elk Lick 5 250 Fire clay and shale 4 254 Limestone, shaly, Elk Lick 1 255 Shale, sandy and red, Birmingham 10 265 Sandstone, massive or shaly, brown, Grafton. 20 285 Limestone, shaly, with marine fossils, Upper Ames 1 286 Shale, dark green, with marine fossils, Ames. . 12 298 Limestone, shaly, with marine fossils, Lower Ames 1 299 Coal, Harlem 1 300 Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh Reds.. 15 315 Sandstone, greenish gray, massive or shaly, Jane Lew 10 325 Shale, red, Pittsburgh 42 367 Sandstone, massive, gray or brown, Saltsburg 30 397 Coal, Bakerstown 3 400 Shale, gray and variegated 34 434 Limestone, shaly, lenticular, no marine fossils found, Pine Creek 1 435 Shale, sandy 5 440 Sandstone, massive, gray, Buffalo 25 465 Limestone, with marine fossils, Brush Creek 1 466 Shale, black, with plant and marine fossils, Brush Creek 8 474 Coal, Brush Creek 1 475 Shale, gray 10 485 Sandstone, massive, gray, Upper Mahoning... 30 515 Shale, gray and sandy 20 535 Sandstone, massive, gray, Lower Mahoning... 25 560 Shale, dark, sandy, with plant fossils, Uffing- ton 15 575 Coal, Upper Freeport, (top of Allegheny Series) The section as given above shows a total thickness some- what greater than the average for the two counties, since many of the formations are lenticular, being absent in many local- ities. Numerous measured sections, giving detailed exposures in different places, are published in Chapter IV. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 133 LOCAL SECTIONS, CONEMAUGH SERIES. Besides the long sections in Chapter IV, embracing the rocks of the several series, many of which show the Cone- maugh, three local sections were made in Lewis giving addi- tional exposures of this series. The following section was made with aneroid descending the steep hillside east of the West Fork River at Jackson Mill. Since the strata below the trolley grade were obscured by the fill, formations 10-13, inclusive, of the section were supplied from outcrops one-fourth mile southward, checked by a mea- sured interval from the Ames Shale in the hill above : Jackson Mill Section, Hackers Creek District. 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. T Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames (1125' B. hicknese Feet. ) 10 .. 40 . . 10 Total Feet. 10 50 60 74 75 84 88 90 107 127 137 139 140 145 Sandstone, ma,ssive, Jane Lew Shale, variegated , . . . . . 14 1 Shale, dark, bituminous 9 4 Shale, to trolley grade 2 Concealed 17 Shale sandy 20 Shale dark 10 Coal, (!' 10") Bakerstown 2 Shale gray 1 5 Sandstone, Buffalo, to West Fork River The following section was made descending a hill road, west of Leading Creek, and about midway between Alum Bridge and Camden : Section 2.5 Miles Northeast of Alum Bridge, Freemans Creek District. Thickness Total Monongahela Series (180') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, buff ..................... 30 30 Shale, red ................................... 10 40 Sandstone, massive, Sewickley ............... 40 80 Shale and concealed ......................... 45% 125% Coal, 4' 6" visible, Redstone .................. 4% Shale and concealed ......................... 50 180 Fire clay, Pittsburgh Coal horizon (1050' B.) ..... 180 134 STRATIGRAPHY— THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Conemaugh Series (145') Concealed and sandy shale »o **" Fire clay, Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon 1 Shale, sandy JJ 250 Sandstone, shaly, Connellsville ^ Shale, red 25 300 Concealed to Leading Creek & The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand level up the hill immediately south of Ireland : Ireland Section, Collins Settlement District. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Concealed on hill top, mostly red shale, Clarks- burg 35 35 Sandstone, with conglomerate streaks, partly concealed in bluff, Morgantown 50 85 Coal blossom, at opening, Elk Lick, (1376' L.) ... 85 85' Shale, gray, sandy 10 95 Concealed, with sandstone fragments, Grafton 50 145 Shale, greenish and sandy, partly concealed, Ames 10 155 Coal opening, fallen shut, (P. H. Crawford Mine No. 226 on Map II, 1303' L.), Harlem, reported 3 158 73' Concealed 32 190 Sandstone, partly concealed, Jane Lew 10 Concealed 78 278 Coal opening, Bakerstown, (1181' L.), thick- ness concealed, supplied from opposite side 2 280 122' Concealed 28 308 Sandstone 6 314 Concealed 5 319 Coal blossom, streak 319 Concealed to Right Fork 16 335 DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS. THE LOWER PITTSBURGH SANDSTONE. The Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone of White2, usually sepa- rated by a thin bed of shale from the overlying Pittsburgh Coal, is present generally throughout Lewis and Gilmer. It is usually massive, gray, medium grained and medium hard. In C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 244; 1903. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 135 eastern Lewis it is not prominent but in southwestern Free- mans Creek District, it becomes a great massive gray cliff, often 50 feet thick. It is prominent along Alum Fork of Lead- ing Creek, north of Alum Bridge. This stream derives its name from an alum spring located on the land of Charles Stark, 0.7 mile north of Alum Bridge. At this spring the fol- lowing sequence occurs : Feet. Sandstone, massive, gray, great cliff, Lower Pittsburgh (875' B.) 50 Shale, gray, with incrustations of white alum, Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon 0*& Shale, sandy 5 The water, which has a strong alum taste, flows out of a crevice in the sandstone, about one foot above its base, its volume being estimated at 30 to 40 gallons daily in extremely dry weather. The immediate source of this water seems without doubt to be in the sandstone ledge, its alum content being probably a mineral of secondary formation resulting from the infiltration of sulphate of iron from the Pittsburgh Coal seam, which lies just above, acting upon the aluminous material contained in the body of the sandstone. In Gilmer the Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone is usually present in massive form. In western Troy, western Glenville, Dekalb and Center Districts, where the Pittsburgh Coal is seldom found, this sandstone proved to be a valuable aid in tracing the latter's horizon for structural purposes, since it usually is resistant enough to make a broad shoulder, the top of which, approximately coinciding with the coal horizon, can be readily followed by eye. In portions of Center Dis- trict, the Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone coalesces with the Con- nellsville below it to form a huge single cliff. At the mouth of Steer Run, one mile southeast of Normantown, this cliff is 75 feet thick, with a tidal elevation of 870' B. No quarries were observed on this sandstone but it would make good material for bridge abutments and other structures where large blocks are desired. 136 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. THE UPPER PITTSBURGH LIMESTONE. The Upper Pittsburgh Limestone of White3 seems al- most entirely lacking in Lewis and Gilmer. In the hill just west of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad shops at Weston a gray limestone, one foot thick, was observed 65 feet below the Redstone Coal that seems to represent it. as shown by the Weston Section in Chapter IV. THE LITTLE PITTSBURGH COAL. The Little Pittsburgh Coal of White4 is frequently pres- ent in the measures in Lewis and Gilmer. It is seldom more than one foot thick and often entirely absent, being useful for stratigraphic purposes only. It is usually found about 50 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. The following section, measured just south of the electric light plant at Weston, shows its position : Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Concealed, with limestone and sandstone . . Coal blossom, Pittsburgh, (1118' B.) Concealed . .. 45 22 45 45 67 Sandstone, massive, Lower Pittsburgh.... Shale, gray .... . .. 14 5 81 86 Coal, (1' 10"), Little Pittsburgh, (Exposure No. 198 on Map II) 2 88 Shale, gray, limy 15 103 Sandstone, shaly, to road 10 113 . In Hackers Creek District, Lewis, the following exposure was noted : M. M. Reger Coal Exposure— No. 199 on Map II. On a branch of Hackers Creek, 1 mile northeast of Berlin- Little Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1235' B. Concealed . Ft" In' Coal 0' 10" Shale, gray 0 10 Coal (slate floor) ...06.. 2 9 3I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va G. S p. 245- 1903 'I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 245; 1903. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 137 Other exposures noted in northeastern Lewis, where the coal is best developed, showed a much thinner section than the two noted above. In Gilmer, the blossom was sometimes observed but seldom any coal. THE CONNELLSVILLE SANDSTONE. The Connellsville Sandstone of J. J. Stevenson, named from its outcrop at Connellsville, Pennsylvania, is generally present in Lewis and Gilmer. Its physical appearance varies considerably but it is usually gray and massive, but is some- times light brown and is often shaly or flaggy. In Lewis it is not prominent but numerous exposures \vere observed and it has been quarried. The W. G. Bennett Quarry, located on Stonecoal Creek, about one-half mile east of Weston, shows the following sec- tion : Feet. Soil cover 15 Sandstone, massive, gray, Connellsville 18 Concealed Here the sandstone is massive, greenish gray, medium coarse and medium hard, and weathers to a greenish brown. When blasted it shows irregular fracture lines, but careful handling should produce large blocks. The quarry is about 100 feet long and has been worked into the hill about 50 feet. The stone was used for macadam, bridge abutments and gen- eral building purposes. A large portion of the stone used in the Weston State Hospital came from this quarry. In Gilmer the sandstone assumes more massive propor- tions, often making a cliff along the hillsides, and should eventually furnish a large amount of material for bridge piers and general construction work. The Whiting and West Quarry, located on the south side of the Little Kanawha River at the west end of Glenville. furnished the following exposure : Feet. Sandstone, massive, quarry rock (base ] 806' L.) 40' !• Connellsville. 48 Sandstone, shaly 8 J Interval to Little Kanawha River 98 138 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Here the upper portion of the sandstone is quarried, be- ing massive, coarse, gray, medium hard, weathering to brown, and splitting readily into large blocks. The quarry is about 100 feet long and extends about 30 feet into the hill. The stone has been used for the basement beneath the auditorium of the Glenville Normal School, and for general building pur- poses. At the Fred Lewis Quarry, located north of the river and just east of the mouth of Sycamore Run, at Glenville, the upper 20 feet of the Connellsville has been quarried, being hard, light brown and medium coarse, the top of the sandstone having an elevation of 840' B. The quarry is 50 feet long and extends 20 feet into the hill. This stone was used for the basement and lintels of the Glenville Normal School. The Connellsville Sandstone has also been quarried on the property of Mrs. C. J. Collins, on the west side of Syca- more Run, opposite the Lewis quarry, having much the same character as at the two places mentioned above. THE LITTLE CLARKSBURG COAL. The Little Clarksburg Coal of White5, belonging just under the Connellsville Sandstone, has little extent or thick- ness in Lewis and Gilmer. It is usually not found at all and when present is too thin and impure for any economic use. In Lewis a coal blossom was noted on a branch of Millstone Run in Freemans Creek District, two miles northwest of Jack- son Mill, at an elevation of 1225' B., that represents it. In Gilmer, its blossom was noted at a few points in Center Dis- trict. It shows under the Connellsville Sandstone on Grand- camp Run of Cedar Creek, 0.6 mile above the run mouth, \y2 miles southwest of Glenville. Another exposure noted was as follows : 5I. C. White, Bulletin 65, U. S. G. S., p. 88; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 139 Coal Exposure — No. 200 on Map II. On Cedar Creek, 2.5 miles southwest of Glenville; Little Clarks- burg Coal; elevation, 735' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Connellsville Concealed 5 0 Coal 0 10 Shale, gray 5 0 At the Marcellus Stump Prospect, No. 201 on Map II, on Right Fork of Steer Creek, 0.8 mile southeast of Stumptown, the place had fallen shut but the coal was reported 0' 8" thick by Mr. Stump. Its elevation there is 770' B., being 90 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal bench. THE CLARKSBURG FIRE CLAY SHALE. The Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale of Hennen6, belonging just under the Little Clarksburg Coal, is of scanty occur- rence in the two counties, being too thin in most places to have any economic value. In Gilnier, at the northeast edge of Glenville, Elmore Wolfe reports the occurrence of a clay 2 to 5 feet thick, found in the bottom of his Avater well, 18 to 20 feet under ground. It would have an elevation of 815' B.. and would represent the Clarksburg Clay. A sample fur- nished by Mr. Wolfe appeared soft and plastic, having a pink- ish gray color. Its chemical composition, as reported by Krak, is as follows : Per cent. Silica (SiO,) 61.15 Ferric Iron (Fe,O3) 4 . 63 Alumina ( A1.,O3) 20 : 19 Lime (CaO) 0.63 Magnesia (MgO) 1.08 Potassium Oxide (K..O) 3.20 Sodium Oxide (Na,,O) 0 . 51 Titanium Oxide (TiO2) 0.61 Phosphoric Acid (P3O,) 0.18 Moisture • 1-40 Loss on ignition 6.23 Total . 99-81 "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 236; 1912. 140 STRATIGRAPHY — THE COXEMAUGH SERIES. The analysis shows the clay to be somewhat similar to the same horizon at Bridgeport, Harrison County, where Hen- nen7 reports that it has been used for the manufacture of stoneware and brick. The ferric iron content indicates that the product would burn red. There are too many fluxing ele- ments for it to be classed as a fire clay. THE LOWER CONNELLSVILLE SANDSTONE. The Lower Connellsville Sandstone of Hennen8, belong- ing between the Clarksburg Fire Clay and the Clarksburg Limestone, is widely prevalent in Lewis and Gilmer, being found in most regions where the Conemaugh Series outcrops. It is usually massive and gray, often forming a cliff 50 to 60 feet below the Connellsville Sandstone. It is more prominent in Gilmer than in Lewis, but has been quarried in both counties. The West Virginia Central Gas Company Quarry, lo- cated in Hackers Creek District, Lewis, at its Foreman Sta- tion on Hackers Creek, two miles northwest of Berlin, seems to be on the Lower Connellsville ledge. The following section was secured at this quarry : Feet. Shale, sandy 2 Sandstone, shaly 8' | Lower Connellsville (1114' B.) 22 Sandstone, massive.. 14 \ Concealed 65 Sandstone, flaggy 4 Shale, greenish, sandy 5 Shale, black, bituminous, (0' 1"), Elk Lick Coal? Shale, gray, to creek 12 The correlation of this sandstone is subject to some doubt. Its physical appearance resembles closely that of the Morgan- town, but its interval below the Pittsburgh Coal, as shown by the structure contours on Map II, is only about 175 feer, making it correspond more closely to the Low'er Connells- ville. No fossils were observed above the coaly horizon at 12 feet from the creek, thus indicating that it is the Elk Lick 'Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. G S , p. 237; 1912. 'Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Rept.. W. Va G S , p 277; 1913. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 14! instead of the Harlem. The lower portion, only, of the sand- stone is quarried. It is greenish gray, weathering to brown, coarse and soft, disintegrating badly. The quarry is about 100 feet long and extends 30 feet into the hill. This stone was used for concrete aggregate at the Foreman Station. It seems too soft for general building purposes. The William E. Donlan Quarry, operated by Bennett and Garrett, just northeast of the mouth of Stonecoal Creek, a I Weston, shows the following section : Feet. 1. Shale, sandy 15 2. Sandstone, greenish gray, very hard, Lower Connells- ville 20 3. Shale, red, Clarksburg 35 4. Sandstone, shaly 5'] 5. Sandstone, gray, hard, to }- Morgantown (1018' L.) 20 base of quarry 15 J Both the Lower Connellsville and the Morgantown Sand- stones have been quarried here, only the lower formation be- ing used at present. The Lower Connellsville appears very hard and durable. The Morgantown is hard, greenish gray and durable, having a smooth uniform appearance. Stone from this quarry is used for general building purposes in Wes- ton, and some of it was used in the construction of the Weston State Hospital. The quarry is about 225 feet long and extends into the hill about 60 feet. A previous Report of the Survey by Grimsley9 gives a more detailed report of this quarry. A sample of the Lower Connellsville Sandstone from the Donlan Quarry was analyzed in the Survey laboratory with the following results, as published on page 470 of Volume IV : Per cent. Silica and insoluble 93.45 Iron and alumina 3.73 Lime oxide 0.53 Magnesium oxide 0.46 Moisture and loss 1 . 88 The W. D. Garrett Quarry on the Tom Hale Property, located in Weston just north of the Baltimore and Ohio pas- senger station, shows the following section : "G. P. Grimsley, Vol. IV, W. Va. G. S., PP. 468-470; 1909. 142 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Feet. Shale, variegated and sandy 10 Sandstone, hard, gray, to bed of quarry, Lower Connells- ville, (1025' L.) 15 The stone is gray, weathering to brown, hard, medium grained, massive, but much broken up, having shale streaks. The quarry is about 100 feet long and extends into the hill 30 feet. More details concerning this stone may be found in a previous description by Grimsley.10 At the Bessie McDaniel Quarry, located in Freemans Creek District, Lewis, on Polk Creek, 3 miles west of Weston, the Lower Connellsville has been worked for macadam. Here about 20 feet of sandstone is exposed, being gray, weathering to brown, medium hard and medium grained. The quarry is about 75 feet long and extends into the hill about 30 feet. The A. L. Holt Quarry, located in Glenville District, Gil- mer, on Sycamore Run, 0.7 mile northwest of Glenville, shows the following section : Feet. Pittsburgh Coal bench Concealed 55 Sandstone, hard, gray, partly concealed in bluff, Con- nellsville 38 Concealed and sandy shale 37 Sandstone, massive, Lower Connellsville, (747' B.) 18 Shale, red, Clarksburg The Lower Connellsville here is gray and hard, with a few small quartz pebbles, and quarries into large blocks. The quarry is about 150 feet long and extends into the hill 30 feet. This stone was used in the Wiant and Whiting building in Glenville and for the piers of the highway bridge across the Little Kanawha River in the same town. C. G. Davis has quarried the Lower Connellsville Sand- stone in Center District, Gilmer, along Crooked Run, 2.7 miles southwest of Glenville. Here the stone is massive, greenish gray, being 30 feet thick, weathering to brown, and has a few small quartz pebbles, its elevation being 765' B. It was used for the construction of a cellar and appears to be good building stone. "'G. P. Grimsley, Vol. IV, W. Va. G. S., p. 470; 1909. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 143 THE NORMANTOWN COAL. In portions of Lewis and Gilmer a thin coal that has not been previously named or described occasionally occurs just below the Lower Connellsville Sandstone, and from 150 to 180 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal horizon. As a rule, it is not found in the measures and does not exceed one foot in thickness, but its presence 50 to 60 feet below the Little Clarksburg Coal, unless definitely classified, would cause con- fusion and it will therefore be called the Normantown Coal in this report, from its occurrence along Steer Creek near that village in Center District, Gilmer County. The following sec- tion will show its position in the measures: Coal Exposure — No. 202 on Map II. On Steer Creek, 0.3 mile west of Normantown; Normantown Coal; elevation, 725' B. Ft. In. Interval from Pittsburgh Coal bench 150 0 Sandstone, massive, Lower Connellsville 25 0 Shale, sandy 6 0 Coal, Normantown 0 9 Fire clay shale to road 2 0 Another exposure shows the following: Coal Exposure — No. 203 on Map II. On Steer Creek, 0.6 mile east of Lockney; Normantown Coal; ele- vation, 730' B.. Ft. In. Interval from Pittsburgh Coal bench 150 0 Sandstone, massive, thickness unrecorded, Lower Connellsville Coal, Normantown 0 6 Fire clay shale 4 0 At Glenville a coal 0' 8" thick is reported to have been found on the south side of the river about one-eighth mile west of the highway bridge, at an elevation of 740 feet and approximately 160 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal horizon, that would represent the Normantown Coal. Its horizon was concealed by debris. In Collins Settlement District, Lewis, a dark shale, 0' 6" thick, coming at an elevation of 1O75' B., and 145 feet below 144 STRATIGRAPHY - THE CONEMAUGK SERIES. the Pittsburgh Coal bench, was observed on Mudlick Run, 0.2 mile northeast of Jacksonville, that represents the Not - mantown Coal. It has also been opened in the edge of Brax- ton County, about one-half mile northwest of Orlando, where, as shown by the section for that place on page 69, it is about one foot thick. THE CLARKSBURG RED SHALE, The Clarksburg Red Shale of Hennen and the writer11 occurs generally throughout Lewis and Gilmer. This shale is often 40 to 50 feet thick, belonging just under the Norman- town Coal, being usually a deep red color, with occasional nuggets of lime. Another red bed similar to this one also occurs between the Little Clarksburg Coal and the Lower Con- nellsville Sandstone that possibly represents the upper por- tion of the Clarksburg Reds as originally described at Clarks- burg, since the Lower Connellsville Sandstone appears to be a lenticular formation occurring in the body of the reds. The following exposure of the Clarksburg Red Shale was noted on the property of B. J. Life, along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut at Fisher Summit, Hackers Creek Dis- trict, Lewis : Feet. 1. Interval from Redstone Coal ....................... 150 2. Sandstone, shaly, Lower Connellsville .............. 25 3. Shale, red, to railroad grade, Clarksburg Red Shale (1235' L.) ....................................... .' 25 A sample was collected from No. 3, the analysis of which is reported as follows by Krak : smca(Sios> .............. .................... *?££ Ferric Iron (Fe2O3) .......................... g 20 Alumina (ALO3) ............... " on R1 Lime (CaO) ........................ .'.'.'.'.'. i.iJ Magnesia (MgO) .......................... Potassium Oxide (K_O) ............. ' o'og Sodium Oxide (Na.6) ......... .' ____ Titanium Oxide (TiO,) ...... Phosphoric Acid (RO-,) ............. 0 48 Moisture ......... '....... ........ 177 Loss on ignition ................. ................ ' 7*03 "Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 240; 1912. i- rt ' II on Q WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 145 The Clarksburg Red Shale is well exposed at the William E. Donlan stone quarry at Weston, a section of which is pub- lished under the Lower Connellsville Sandstone, on page 141. Here the shale, No. 3 of section, is 35 feet thick, coming im- mediately under the Lower Connellsville. A sample collected from this exposure shows the following, according to Krak : Per cent. Silica (SiO,) 58.42 Ferric Iron (Fe,O8) 7.47 Alumina (ALO3) 19.57 Lime (CaO) 0.88 Magnesia (MgO) 1.01 Potassium Oxide (K2O) 2.94 Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 0.44 Titanium Oxide (TiOo) 0.54 Phosphoric Acid (P3O5~) 0.34 Moisture 2.22 Loss on ignition 6.22 Total 100.05 In Gilmer, the following section of the upper stratum of reds was made at the road fork at the northeast end of Glen- ville, on the property of Mrs. John McGinnis : Feet. Sandstone and concealed in bluff, Connellsville Shale, red, Clarksburg, (upper portion), (798' L.) 25 Sandstone, shaly, Lower Connellsville The widespread distribution of these Clarksburg Red Shales throughout both counties and their general character indicate that they will prove to be useful for making brick, both for paving and general building purposes. THE MORGANTOWN SANDSTONE. The Morgantown Sandstone of J. J. Stevenson, named from its occurrence at Morgantown, AA^est Virginia, occurs generally throughout Lewis, where it crops, but its physical appearance preserves no distinct type by which it may be recognized, except as it appears in conjunction with other known strata. Usually it is massive, gray, medium coarse and medium hard, weathering to brown, but it is often flaggy or shaly, and in southern Lewis frequently carries quartz peb- bles. It has been quarried at several points in Lewis as the following data will show: 146 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. The William E. Donlan Quarry, operated by Bennett and Garrett, in Hackers Creek District, at the north edge of Wes- ton, a section of which is published on page 141, under the Lower Connellsville Sandstone, shows the Morgantown Sand- stone to be at least 20 feet thick, the lower 15 feet of which is quarried. Here the stone is hard, massive and firm and ap- pears to be of durable character. Plate XVIII shows this quarry. The T. B. Williams Quarry, located at Deanville, Hackers Creek District, where the Morgantown Sandstone is 18 feet thick, as noted in the Deanville Section published in Chap- ter IV, has been operated in a small way for use on the county roads. The stone is gray and massive, having much the same appearance as at Weston. The quarry is 15 feet long and ex- tends into the hill about the same distance. The West Virginia Central Gas Company Quarry, located on the west side of the West Fork River at its Thomas Sta- tion, in Freemans Creek District, 2*4 miles north of Weston, shows the following section : Feet. Shale, red 10 Sandstone, massive, Morgantown, (1145' B.) 15 Shale Here the stone is hard, massive and greenish gray, weath- ering to buff. It was quarried for concrete aggregate for the foundations of the gas pumping station. The Eli Bennett Quarry, located in Freemans Creek Dis- trict, on the west side of West Fork River, 1 mile north of Weston, shows the following: Feet. Shale, sandy, brown and variegated 15 Sandstone, massive, Morgantown 15 Shale, gray 5 Coal, (0' 8"), Elk Lick, (1070' B.) .....' 1 Shale, gray '. ' . 10 Shale, variegated and limy 10 Sandstone, gray, massive, to trolley grade, Grafton..!. 5 Here the Morgantown Sandstone has been quarried ex- tensively. It is hard, greenish gray, massive and fine grained. The quarry extends along the bluff nearly 200 feet and into the hill about 30 feet. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 147 The Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Company Quarry, located in Freemans Creek District, at its Reed Pumping Sta- tion, on Left Fork of Freemans Creek, 1.3 miles northeast of Freemansburg, shows the Morgantown Sandstone to be 25 feet thick, at an elevation of 1050' B. The stone is gray, weathering to brown, medium hard and medium coarse. The quarry is about 100 feet long and extends into the hill 30 feet. This stone was used for concrete aggregate in the founda- tions of the pump station. The Granville Radabaugh Quarry, located on Skin Creek, in Skin Creek District, 1.5 miles northwest of Vandalia, shows the following section : Feet. Sandstone, massive, brown, conglom- ] erate .10' j Concealed and greenish yellow, sandy [• Morgantown.. 40 shale 15 j Sandstone, shaly 15 J Shale, sandy 16 Coal, Elk Lick, (1090' B.) 4 The shale parting appearing here in the middle of the sandstone was frequently observed in southern Lewis, that portion of the stone lying above it being frequently conglom- eratic. At this place the upper ledge has been quarried on a small scale for bridge abutments. THE ORLANDO LIMESTONE. Along the Coal and Coke Railway between Orlando and Burnsville a shaly impure limestone occurs just above the Elk Lick Coal that the writer was at first inclined to consider the Ames, although in physical appearance and fossil forms it lacked many of the characteristic features of the latter forma- tion. The limestone is thicker than the Ames and does not have its dark, carbonaceous appearance, and the fossil forms were pronounced by Dr. White and Dr. Price to be of prob- able brackish or fresh water origin, some small shells and a few fish teeth being the only ones found. The limestone is usually about three feet thick, gray in color and somewhat shaly. All doubt as to the true position of the Ames in this region has been removed by the studies of Ray V. Hennen in 1915, who 148 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGE SERIES. reports in a personal communication that it is present in typical marine development along the Little Kanawha River, 1.1 miles southeast of Burnsville, where it is 85 feet below the Elk Lick Coal. Since the limestone at Orlando might de- ceive others as well as the writer, if left unclassified, it will be named the Orlando Limestone in this Report. It has later been found by the writer at Buckhannon, Upshur County, where it directly overlies the Elk Lick Coal, and comes 60 to 70 feet above the fossiliferous Ames. Plate XX illustrates its typical appearance at Orlando. THE ELK LICK COAL. The Elk Lick Coal of the First Geological Survey of Penn- sylvania, belonging just under the Morgantown Sandstone, is absent or poorly represented in most of the two counties, but in southern Lewis it thickens to a seam of commercial size. Its areal extent and character, together with detailed sections, will be presented in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." THE ELK LICK LIMESTONE. The Elk Lick Limestone of Messrs. Pratt12 is but poorly represented in Lewis and Gilmer, only a few exposures being observed. Its occurrence is too infrequent to make it of eco- nomic importance. In Hackers Creek District, Lewis, boulders of this limestone were observed on a branch of Maxwell Run, 0.8 mile northeast of Deanville, at an elevation of 1080' B. At the Reed Pumping Station on Left Fork of Freemans Creek in Freemans Creek District, a hard gray limestone one foot thick was observed 10 feet below the Morgantown Sandstone, at an elevation of 1023' L. In the same district, it was ob- served on a branch of Dry Fork of Polk Creek, 2.2 miles south of Freemansburg, where it is hard and gray, coming 9 feet below the Morgantown Sandstone, and having an elevation of 1100' B. In Gilmer it was observed at Valley Post-Office on Right Fork of Steer Creek, Center District, where it is 6 inches thick, bedded in red shale, at an elevation of 730' B. "Report HHH, Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 149 THE BIRMINGHAM SHALE. The Birmingham Shale of Stevenson13, consisting of red, sandy and variegated shales, and apparently lying between the Elk Lick Limestone and the Upper Ames Limestone, is pres- ent in Lewis and Gilmer but not conspicuous, a portion of its horizon being occupied by the Grafton Sandstone. Plate XIX shows its typical appearance. THE GRAFTON SANDSTONE. The Grafton Sandstone of White14, named from its occur- rence at Grafton, West Virginia, is frequently present in Lewis, where it crops but is not always prominent. Tt is usually massive and gray or brown in color, but frequently becomes shaly. In the neighborhood of Vandalia, Skin Creek District, it carries quartz pebbles. The Flesher Heirs Quarry, located at the south end of Jane Lew, Hackers Creek District, shows the following sec- tion : Feet. Shale, red, Birmingham 5 Sandstone, shaly 5' ] Sandstone, massive, to bed of j- Grafton (1095' B.) .. 15 quarry 10 J Concealed to Ames Shale 30 The stone is gray, weathering to brown, medium coarse, medium hard and micaceous, with numerous joint and bed- ding planes, making it impossible to quarry large blocks. The quarry is about 50 feet long and extends 30 feet into the hill. The Henry Rittenhouse Heirs Quarry, located in Collins Settlement District, on Abrams Run, 0.7 mile southwest of Emmart, shows the following section : Feet. Shale, sandy Sandstone, massive, Grafton, (1120' B.) 30 Concealed The stone is greenish gray and hard and has some small quartz pebbles. The quarry is about 60 feet long and extends "J. J. Stevenson, Report K, Sec. Geol. Sur. of Pa., pp. 79 and 309-310. "I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 255; 1903. 150 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. 30 feet into the hill. The joint and bedding planes are ir- regular but far enough apart so that the stone quarries into large blocks. The Coal and Coke Railway used this stone for bridge abutments. THE AMES LIMESTONE AND SHALE. The Ames Limestone, first named and described by An- drews of the Ohio Geological Survey, and later subdivided by Hennen15 into the Upper Ames Limestone, Ames Shale and Lower Ames Limestone, all of which carry marine fossil shells in West Virginia, occurs frequently in Lewis but is en- tirely below drainage in Gilmer. The group docs not pre- serve its type appearance as found in Harrison and other northern counties, but the two hard limestone strata are usual- ly absent, only the green shale between them being found. This generally occurs at 250 feet to 275 feet below the Pitts- burgh Coal. In Hackers Creek and Freemans Creek Districts, the shale is mostly dark green and carries abundant marine shells, being 10 to 20 feet thick. The following exposure, observed along the west side of the West Fork River, one- half mile north of Lightburn shows its typical appearance in these districts : Feet. Shale, red Sandstone, shaly, Grafton '. 3 Shale, green, with streaks of limestone and many marine fossils at base, Ames 15 Coal, streak, Harlem, (1055' B.) On Jesse Run, one-fourth mile below the mouth of Bills Lick, and 3.8 miles eastward from Jane Lew, a hard lime- stone, carrying abundant marine fossils, was observed at the Ames horizon at an elevation of 1070' B. The following section was obtained in the trolley CUT just south of Bennett Stop at the Fair Grounds, north of Weston : "Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 250; WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 151 Feet. Sandstone, shaly 2 Shale, brown, sandy 20 Shale, reddish green, with marine fossils, Ames (1050' B.) 10 Shale, gray, to grade 8 Plate XIX shows its appearance on Maxwell Run, 0.9 mile northeast of Deanville. In Skin Creek and Collins Settlement Districts, the Ames Shale has a somewhat different character, being often dark red in color and frequently carrying ferns and other plant fos- sils, the marine life being much less noticeable. The following exposure in Collins Settlement District was noted along the public road at the mouth of Sammy Run of Sand Fork, 2.1 miles southwest of Vandalia: Feet. Coal, Elk Lick 5 Shale, variegated and sandy, Birmingham 27 Concealed, with sandstone fragments, Grafton 20 Shale, reddish green, with abundant marine fossils, Ames 15 Slate, black, streak, Harlem Coal (1112' L.) A further description of the Ames Limestone and Shaler with a discussion of their fossils, by Dr. Price, wilt be found in Chapter XIII. THE HARLEM COAL. The Harlem Coal of Newberry16, belonging just under the Ames Limestone, is frequently found in the region of its out- crop in Lewis, but it is often absent and is too thin and patchy to have any commercial value. Its best development is in northeastern Hackers Creek District along Jesse Run. At Coal Exposure No. 221 on Map II, 3 miles east of Jane Lew, it is 2' 6" thick, coming just under the fossiliferous Ames Shale at an elevation of 1080' B. At Coal Exposure No. 222 on Map II, on a branch of Jesse Run, 3.3 miles east of Jane Lew, the coal is 2' 5" thick, coming just below the Ames, at an elevation of 1110' B. In southeastern Skin Creek District, the following se- quence was noted along the public road on Pringle Fork of "J. S. Newberry, Bull Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 17, p. 156; 1906. J52 STRATIGRAPPIY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Stonecoal Creek, 0.9 mile north of Snyder School, measure- ments being made by hand level : Coal Exposure No. 223 on Map II. Feet. Coal blossom, Elk Lick Concealed 49 Shale, green, with fossil shells, Ames 5 Coal, Harlem, (1200' B.) 1 Shale, limy and variegated, Pittsburgh Reds 20 Sandstone, shaly, Jane Lew 10 The following section, made at the mouth of an abandoned opening, shows the greatest thickness of the coal found in the county : Luther Casto Farm Mine — No. 224 on Map II. On Wheeler Fork, 3 miles northeast of Vandalia; Harlem Coal; elevation, 1300' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly, Graf ton 15 0 Shale, sandy 10 0 Coal, Harlem 3 2 Slate, pavement The following outcrop was noted in the western part of Collins Settlement District, along the public road : Coal Exposure — No. 225 on Map II. On Abrams Run, 2.6 miles southwest of Walkersville; Harlem Coal; elevation 1170' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, soft, Grafton Shale, dark green, fossiliferous, Ames 10 0 Coal, Harlem 1 g Shale, gray THE PITTSBURGH RED SHALE. The Pittsburgh Red Shale of White17 is generally preva- lent throughout Lewis in the region of its outcrop, but is everywhere underground in Gilmer. It is composed, usually, of 30 to 60 feet of red and variegated shale, frequently divided "I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. S., p. 92; 1891. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 153 into two separate beds by the Jane Lew Sandstone. It is the largest red shale horizon of the Conemaugh Series and is dis- tinguished further by the fact that the next red beds of con- sequence appearing in the measures are about 1000 feet below it, there being only occasional streaks of red below the Bakers- town and Brush Creek Coals. This shale is frequently used for building and paving brick manufacture in other counties and should furnish a large amount of good material for this purpose in Lewis. The Jane Lew Brick and Drain Tile Works has recently opened a cut in this shale at the south end of Jane Lew, Hackers Creek District, where the following section was se- cured : Feet. Shale, green, with marine fossils, Ames (1065' B.) 10 Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh Reds 25 Sandstone, Jane Lew A sample from the Pittsburgh Reds shows the following analysis, according to Krak : Per cent. Silica (SiO.,) 57.99 Ferric Iron (Fe,O~) 7 . 13 Alumina (ALO3) 17. 32 Lime (CaO) 2.49 Magnesia (MgO) 1-73 Potassium Oxide (K.,O) 2.95 Sodium Oxide (Na.,O) 0.87 Titanium Oxide (Tib,) 0.79 Phosphoric Acid (P»Oa) 0-20 Moisture 2.38 Loss on ignition 6.74 Total 100.59 Mr. Fred Flesher, Manager of the Brick Company, shipped a barrel of this shale to State Road Engineer A. D. Williams at Morgantown, who has had a test made of it for brick, the results of which are given in Chapter XII. THE JANE LEW SANDSTONE. At 15 to 25 feet below the top of the Pittsburgh Red Shale a sandstone frequently occurs in Lewis County that has not been previously described or named. Since its presence in the measures would lead to confusion unless definitely rec- 154 'STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. ognized, it will hereafter be called the Jane Lew Sandstone in this Report. The following section, obtained from exposures on Hackers Creek just east of Jane Lew will show its relative position : Feet. Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames 15 Coal, Harlem 1 Shale, greenish gray, Pittsburgh Reds 15 Sandstone, massive, Jane Lew 10 Shale, red and variegated, with limestone nodules, Pitts- burgh Reds 25 The Jane Lew Sandstone, as it occurs along Hackers Creek and Jesse Run east of Jane Lew, is massive, greenish gray, weathering to dark brown, fine grained, micaceous, and somewhat inclined to be shaly. It makes a line of bluffs be- tween Jane Lew and the mouth of Jesse Run, being about 35 feet above drainage at the former place. The section for Jackson Mill, published on a previous page in this Chapter, shows the Jane Lew Sandstone 10 feet thick, coming 50 feet below the Ames Shale. At Westfield Stop, three-fourths mile northeast of Jackson Mill, the fol- lowing succession was noted : Feet. Shale Sandstone, massive, Jane Lew, (1065' B.) 10 Shale 20 Sandstone, massive, gray, hard, to grade, Saltsburg. . . . 15 The Jane Lew Sandstone was noted frequently along the West Fork River in Collins Settlement District. The follow- ing exposure was seen along a hill road, 0.7 mile southwest of Walkersville : Feet. Shale, green, with small fossil forms, Ames (1225' B.) . 10 Shale, limy and variegated, Pittsburgh 20 Sandstone, massive, Jane Lew 15 Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh 60 Sandstone, Saltsburg 10 Concealed 10 Coal blossom, Bakerstown So far as known, this sandstone has not been quarried. In most places it seems too shaly to be of value for building purposes. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 155 THE SALTSBURG SANDSTONE. The Saltsburg Sandstone of J. J. Stevenson, belonging below the Pittsburgh Reds and just above the Bakerstown Coal, occurs usually in Lewis County in the region of its out- crop, being massive and gray, weathering to brown, coarse grained and sometimes carrying quartz pebbles. In the north- ern end of the county, it crops along the Chestnut Ridge and Wolf Summit Anticlines in the neighborhood of Jackson Mill, making prominent bluffs along the West Fork River between Jackson Mill and Lightburn. The outcrop of the Bakerstown Coal occurring just beneath it is shown on Map II and from this horizon, the position of the Saltsburg may be found. At the Wilson Arnold Quarry, located on a branch of West Fork River, one-half mile south of Jackson Mill, the Saltsburg has been quarried on both sides of the run, showing a thickness of about 20 feet to the bed of the quarry, and having an elevation of 1060' B. The stone is gray, weather- ing to brown, medium hard and medium coarse, and having irregular joint planes. The north quarry is about 75 feet long and extends 25 feet into the hill. The south quarry is somewhat smaller. The stone appears to be of only medium quality for building material. In southern Lewis the Saltsburg Sandstone may be fre- quently observed above the Bakerstown Coal. THE BAKERSTOWN COAL. The Bakerstown Coal of White18 is a persistent and valu- able horizon in Lewis where it crops and is frequently noted in well records in Gilmer where it is underground. As shown by its line of outcrop on Map II it is above drainage in north- ern Lewis along the West Fork River north of Jackson Mill. In Southern Lewis it crops generally throughout Collins Set- tlement District and has been frequently mined for domestic fuel, being usually about two feet thick. Its areal extent, thickness and quality, together with detailed mine sections, will be presented in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." '"I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna. 156 STRATIGRAPHY THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. THE PINE CREEK LIMESTONE. The Pine Creek Limestone of White19, corning from 30 to 40 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, and frequently having abundant marine fossil forms in the northern part of the State, is almost entirely absent in Lewis where it should crop, and in the few exposures noted no marine fossils were observed by either Dr. Price or the writer. In Collins Settlement Dis- trict, it is exposed along the hill road 0.7 mile southwest of Duffy, where it is 0' 6" thick, coming 20 feet below the Salts- burg Sandstone, at an elevation of 1430' B. In Buckhannon District, Upshur, it was noted on Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Atlas, where the following sec- tion was made : Feet. Sandstone, flaggy, Saltsburg 3 Shale, sandy 3 Coal, slaty, Bakerstown (1210' B.) 1 Concealed 20 Shale, variegated 19 Limestone, ferriferous and sandy, Pine Creek 1 Shale, gray, to creek 5 The following exposure was noted in Banks District, Up- shur, along the Coal and Coke Railway grade, 0.8 mile south- west of Frenchton : Sandstone Saltsburg Ft. 10 In. o Slate, dark 3 o Coal, Bakerstown (1460' B.) 1 6 Shale, limy and variegated 15 o Limestone, silicious, Pine Creek . . . 0 6 Shale, limy and variegated, to grade... 10 0 The Cleveland Section, published in Chapter IV, shows the horizon of the Pine Creek Limestone occupied by sandy shales, having numerous plant fossils but no animal remains. THE BUFFALO SANDSTONE. The Buffalo Sandstone of White20, having its base 60 to 70 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, occurs generally throughout Lewis in the region of its outcrop, and is noted "I. C. White, Report Q. Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna. 2"I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 157 generally throughout both counties in oil well records where it is called the "Little Dunkard Sand" by the drillers. In northern Lewis it crops only at Jackson Mill where 5 feet of its top is exposed above drainage, as shown by the section for that place published in this Chapter. In southern Lewis it crops generally throughout Collins Settlement District. In this region it is usually gray, hard, massive and coarse. The Morgan Galford Quarry, located on Right Fork of West Fork River, 1.2 miles south of Walkersville, shows the following section : Feet. ' Shale, variegated ..................................... 10 Here the stone is coarse, and only medium hard, massive and gray, having irregular joint and bedding planes. The quarry is 50 feet long and extends into the hiil 30 feet, its product having been used for bridge abutments. The Buffalo Sandstone is a prominent feature along the Coal and Coke Railway grade between Wymer and French- ton, the railroad grade and the eastward rise of the strata being almost equal. The numerous cuts reveal good exposures of the sandstone and the underlying Brush Creek Limestone and Coal. THE BRUSH CREEK LIMESTONE AND SHALE. The Brush Creek Limestone of White21 and the Brush Creek Shale of Hennen22, occupying about 10 feet of the mea- sures between the Buffalo Sandstone and the Brush Creek Coal, crop only in the eastern part of Collins Settlement Dis- trict, Lewis, where they are of frequent occurrence, most of the exposures revealing only shale. This shale, which is dark gray or black, usually carries marine fossils, crinoids being much in evidence. It is well exposed along the Coal and Coke Railway grade between Wymer and the Frenchton Tunnel. The following section, measured 0.8 mile east of Wymer, shows the succession : "I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Sur. of Penna. "Ray V Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Kept., W. Va. G. S., p. 310; 1913. 158 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. Feet. Sandstone, coarse, Buffalo - Shale, sandy 10 Shale, dark gray, with crinoid stems at base, Brush Creek 10 Coal, (0' 2"), Brush Creek, (1245' B.) Shale, limy, ferriferous 15 Sandstone, massive, to grade, Mahoning 20 Plate XXI shows another exposure % mile east of Jewell. The following exposure wras noted in Banks District, Up- shur, on the head of Whites Camp F'ork, 0.5 mile southwest of Beverage Knob and 1.5 miles south of Boyd : Feet. Sandstone, massive, Buffalo, 40' to 50 Shale, dark, very fossiliferous at base, Brush Creek, (1620' B.) 15 Concealed in run A further description, containing a discussion of the fos- sil forms found in this horizon, by Dr. Price, will be found in Chapter XIII. THE BRUSH CREEK COAL. The Brush Creek Coal of White23, belonging directly under the Brush Creek Limestone and Shale, occurs frequent- ly along the eastern edge of Collins Settlement District, Lewis. It is a thin seam, usually less than one foot thick, and has no economic importance. This coal is well exposed -along the Coal and Coke Railway grade, within the limits mentioned for the Brush Creek Shale above. The section published for Jewell in Chapter IV shows its position in the measures. THE MAHONING SANDSTONES. The Mahoning Sandstones of H. D. Rogers and White2*, occurring between the Brush Creek and Upper Freeport Coals, sometimes being consolidated into one great ledge 50 to 80 feet thick, but often being separated into two cliffs, with an intervening coal and fire clay, are exposed along the eastern edge of Collins Settlement District, Lewis. They are usually "I. C. White, Report Q. Sec. Geol. Sur. of Penna MI. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 305; 1903. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 159 hard, gray and massive, sometimes carrying quartz pebbles. The Jewell Section, published in Chapter IV, shows them both. The Mahoning Coal and Thornton Fire Clay, which fre- quently appear between them in the northern part of the State. were not observed in Lewis. The crop line of the Upper Free- port Coal, shown on Map II, indicates the region in which they may be found, as it underlies them by only a few feel. The Mahoning Sandstone is noted in many well records in both counties, being called the "Big Dunkard" by the drillers. THE UFFINGTON SHALE. The Uffington Shale of White25, occurring between the Lower Mahoning Sandstone and the Upper Freeport Coal, usually being dark gray and sometimes carrying marine fos- sils, is not conspicuous in Lewis where it crops. The Jewell Section, published in Chapter IV, shows a ferriferous shale, 3 feet thick, occurring just under the Lower Mahoning Sand- stone, that seems to represent it. 5I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 323; 1903. CHAPTER VIII. STRATIGRAPHY— THE ALLEGHENY SERIES. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SECTION. The Allegheny Series of the Pennsylvania!! Rocks, de- scribed and named by the First Geological Survey of Pennsyl- vania from its occurrence along the river of the same name in that State, outcrops over a considerable area in Collins Settlement District, Lewis, its areal extent being shown on Map II by a colored symbol. This series, which begins at the top with the Upper Freeport Coal horizon and extends downward to the top of the Homewood Sandstone of the Pottsville, having an average thickness of about 250 feet, is composed largely of gray sandstones and gray, sandy shales, making an entirely different type of soil from that originating from the Conemaugh beds described in the previous Chapter. The series contains no limestones of importance, but has three coal seams of minable thickness, one of which is persistent throughout the region of its outcrop. The fire clays that are of considerable economic value in the northern counties, are almost wholly lacking in Lewis. The following general section, compiled from the sections published in Chapter IV, as well as from other detailed ob- servations, shows the Allegheny Series for this area : General Section of the Allegheny Series for Lewis and Gilmer. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Upper Freeport 1 1 Shale 8 9 Limestone, Upper Freeport 1 10 Shale 5 15 Sandstone, massive, gray, Upper Freeport 30 45 Shale, sandy 4 49 Coal, Lower Freeport 1 50 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l6l Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Fire clay and shale 15 65 Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, Lower Free- port, upper division 30 95 Coal, Upper Kittanning 5 100 Fire clay and shale 10 110 Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, Lower Free- port, lower division 60 170 Shale, sandy 22 192 Coal, Lower Kittanning 8 200 Fire clay and shale 10 210 Sandstone, massive, Clarion 30 240 Fire clay and shale 10 250 Sandstone, massive, Homewood (top of Pottsville) The three lower formations of the series are lenticular and often fail to appear in the measures, leaving the Lower Kittanning Coal directly above the Homewood Sandstone. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS. THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL. The Upper Freeport Coal of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, lying at the top of the Allegheny Series, and being an abundant source of fuel in some of the northern counties of the State, where it has a persistent and easily rec- ognized bed-structure, fails to reach a corresponding devel- opment in Lewis. In the region of its outcrop, it is frequently represented only by a blosssom, and in those places where it occurs in minable thickness has little resemblance to that noted in previous Reports, usually lacking the big slate and the lower bench of coal. Its areal extent, character and thick- ness, together with such mining sections as are available, will appear in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." THE UPPER FREEPORT LIMESTONE. The Upper Freeport Limestone, named by the First Geo- logical Survey of Pennsylvania from its occurrence in the same locality as the Upper Freeport Coal, is almost wholly absent in Lewis. Its presence is noticed in the Jewell Sec- tion, published in Chapter IV, where it is one foot thick. At other points wrhere its horizon is exposed, it was not observed. 1 62 STRATIGRAPHY— THE ALLEGHENY SERIES. THE UPPER FREEPORT SANDSTONE. The Upper Freeport Sandstone, named by Pennsylvania geologists from its occurrence in that State, occupies a con- siderable portion of the interval between the Upper and Lower Freeport Coals. It is usually a hard, massive, gray stratum, often making cliffs. In Chapter IV its presence is noted in numerous sections. THE LOWER FREEPORT COAL. The Lower Freeport Coal, of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, belonging about 50 feet below the Upper Freeport, is of scanty occurrence in southern Lewis, where its horizon crops, having been noted at only a few localities. It .may be disregarded entirely as a commercial coal. The Lower Freeport Coal was opened at Prospect No. 248 on Map II, on Glady Creek, 2.9 miles northeast of Duffy, at an elevation of 1290' B., but this place had fallen shut and the coal could not be measured. At Prospect No. 249 on Map II, on Glady Creek, 3.2 miles northeast of Duffy, the coal was opened at an elevation of 1310' B., but the place had fallen shut. Another opening was made at Prospect No. 250 on Map II, on Glady Creek, 0.5 mile northeast of Duffy, at an elevation of 1305' B., but apparently little coal was found. Another attempt was made to mine this coal at Prospect No. 251 on Map II, on Glady Creek, 0.3 mile northwest of Duffy, at an elevation of 1240' B., but the digging had fallen shut. THE LOWER FREEPORT SANDSTONES. The Lower Freeport Sandstone, named by Lesley from its occurrence in Pennsylvania, where it is described as being composed of two separate divisions, the Upper and Lower, separated by the Upper Kittaninng Coal, and belonging only a few feet below the Lower Freeport Coal horizon, is of gen- eral occurrence in southern Lewis where it crops. In this re- gion it is everywhere divided into the two ledges, having the Upper Kittanning Coal between them. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 163 The Upper Division of the Lower Freeport is usually a massive, gray sandstone, somewhat resistant to erosion. It appears frequently along the Little Kanawha and its tribu- taries in southern Lewis. In Chapter IV it is noted in many of the sections published for both counties, as recorded in oil well borings. The Lower Division of the Lower Freeport is the most important single ledge of the Allegheny Series in Lewis. It is a great massive, gray cliff rock, making a line of bluffs, 50 to 75 feet thick, along the Little Kanawha and its tributaries, and being an important marker for the LTpper Kittanning Coal, which ^lies just above it. Its position may be readily deter- mined by the outcrop line for the Upper Kittanning Coal shown on Map II. In Chapter IV numerous sections pub- lished for both counties show this sandstone recorded in oil well borings. It is usually noted as the "Gas Sand" by the drillers. No quarries were observed on this ledge, but it would make good material for bridge piers and abutments and other work of similar character. The section for Cleve- land shows it to be a massive cliff rock, 35 feet thick and con- taining abundant plant fossils in its base, identified by David White, Chief Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, as Sigillaria of the Rhytidolepis group, photographs of which by Dr. Price are shown in Plates XXIII(a) and XXIII(b). Xo quarries were observed, but it could be utilized for rough masonry. It is also a conspicuous feature just south of Duffy, where it forms the falls of Glady Creek at the mill, being a great cliff rock 40' thick, as shown by Plate I. THE UPPER KITTANNING COAL. The Upper Kittanning Coal, named by Messrs. Platt and Lesley from its occurrence in Pennsylvania, and belonging just above the Lower Division of the Lower Freeport Sand- stone, is one of the most persistent seams found in the Alle- gheny Series in Lewis, being present in considerable thickness at nearly all points along its outcrops as shown on Map II. The bed section is usually about 4' thick and nearly always contains one slate parting near the middle. In Chapter IV, 164 STRATIGRAPHY THE ALLEGHENY SERIES. the coal is shown in the Cleveland Section, being 3' 7" thick. In Chapter XI, a discussion of its areal extent, thickness and character, together with numerous detailed sections, will be presented, under the subject of "Coal." THE LOWER KITTANNING COAL. The Lower Kittanning Coal, named "Kittanning" by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, and later termed the "Lower Kittanning" by Prof. Lesley, belonging under the Lower Division of the Lower Freeport Sandstone, and about 100 feet below the Upper Kittanning Coal, is the most persis- tent seam in southern Lewis and contains a large amount of coal, but its section is variable, having frequent slate and shale partings that impair its value greatly. Its outcrop is shown on Map II. A discussion of its areal extent, thick- ness and character, together with such detailed mining sec- tions as are available, will be presented in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal." THE CLARION SANDSTONE. The Clarion Sandstone of the Pennsylvania geologists was not definitely recognized above drainage in southern Lewis where its horizon outcrops, and it seems to be absent in that region as the Lower Kittanning Coal comes almost directly above the Homewood Sandstone. In Chapter IV, however, the Clarion is recorded in the sections for Alum Bridge, Camden, Rosedale, Sand Fork, Stouts Mills and Stumptown, showing that it is evidently present in some portions of the two counties. CHAPTER IX. STRATIGRAPHY— THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SECTION. The Pottsville Series, or Pottsville Conglomerate, as it is often called, which is the basal member of the Pennsylva- nian, named from its occurrence at Pottsville, Pennsylvania, where many of the sandstone members are masses of huge quartz pebbles cemented together, appears above drainage in Lewis only in the extreme southern end along the waters of the Little Kanawha River. Here it has not the extremely pebbly character of its type locality, but the sandstones are massive and form cliffs that are resistant to erosion and make ragged topographic forms, a condition that prevails along the outcrop of the series wherever it appears in the State. The hills are high and steep and the valleys narrow and V-shaped. The series consists principally of gray sandstones, separated by gray sandy shales, with a few thin seams of coal inter- vening. No limestones or fire clays of economic importance occur. Only about 325 feet of these measures are above drain- age at Cleveland, where the lower horizons are exposed. The total thickness, however, is determined by a great number of wells drilled for oil and gas, not only in the region where the series crops, but also in all the other districts in both counties. The sections published in Chapter IV show that there is a gradual .thickening of these rocks from the northern 'end of both counties, where they total about 400 feet, to the south- ern boundaries where they are about twice as thick, being 845 feet at Cleveland in the extreme southeastern end of Lewis and 782 feet at Rosedale, just south of the Gilmer Line. Com- pared to other counties of the State, the series has a medium thickness, as it is about 300 feet in Preston County at the l66 STRATIGRAPHY — THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. Pennsylvania State Line, but expands to a total thickness of nearly 4000 feet along the Virginia Line in McDowell Count} . This great expansion of the measures from the north to the south presents problems of correlation that cannot be solved in the present Report. In the northern end of the State, the identity of the several Pottsville formations is known in Pres- ton and Taylor Counties, where detailed studies have been made. In the southern counties, where the Pottsville reaches its maximum expansion, the coals have been studied and named as far northeast as Kanawha. A glance at Figure 1 will show that this leaves Clay and Braxton on the southwest and Upshur and Barbour on the northeast of Lewis, where detailed work has not been done. Until these counties have been investigated, the problem of correlating the several members of the Pottsville of northern West Virginia with their greatly expanded equivalents in the southern counties must remain unsolved for the present. In Lewis the several members of the Pottsville above drainage, with one exception, have no common resemblance either to formations in the north or the south that is sufficient to correlate them definitely. The one exception noted is that of the Kanawha Black Flint, a dark, silicious horizon, carrying marine fossils, that occurs in the Great Kanawha Valley. In Lewis this formation was definitely recognized at one point and the fossils it contains there are the same as those of its type locality. The presence of marine fossils in abundance at this place leads to the belief that the formation can be traced south westward through Braxton and Clay to a connection with the southern counties, and possibly northeastward for a considerable distance. Be- low the Black Flint, the correlation of the Pottsville of south- ern Lewis must, for the present, remain unsettled. This series in Lewis contains no coals of importance above drainage, although a few thin seams appear. Several wells have been drilled for oil in the- region between Bablin and Cleveland, penetrating the entire Pottsville, but the most of these do not show coals of importance, so that it seems probable that the coals of this series in Lewis lack the neces- sary thickness and continuity to make them of value for com- mercial mining. In other portions of Lewis, as well as in Gil- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1 67 mer, hundreds of wells drilled for oil and gas, the records of many of which are available, show that coal is found only at infrequent points, thus making it sure that neither county coi- tains Pottsville coal of any considerable value. The following section, the upper portion of which is gen- eral, being made up of observations made at various points along the Little Kanawha near Bablin, and the lower part of which is the record of the W. T. Wilson No. 2 (596 on Map II) oil well, drilled by Wilson and Butcher along the Little Kanawha River, 0.8 mile east of Bablin, furnished the Survey by W. T. Wilson, of Bablin, being one of the few records of this region that show coal, will give some idea of the Potts- ville of Lewis, and also presents a possible correlation, hypo- thetical of course, between the northern and southern areas of Pottsville previously described. Names of formations ap- pearing first refer to northern correlations while those fol- lowing in parentheses showr possible southern identifications with the Kanawha and New River Groups : Pottsville Series Section, Lewis County. Thickness Total. Pottsville Series (700') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, gray, Homewood, (Homewood) 60 60 Shale, dark, with ferriferous limestone nodules and marine fossils 0.5 60 . 5 Shale, dark, bony and silicious, with marine fos- sils, (Kanawha Black Flint) 0.5 61 Slate, black, bony 0.5 61.5 Coal, Mercer. (Stockton) 0.5 62 Fire clay and shale 8 70 Sandstone, massive, grav, (Upper Coalburg) 70 140 Slate, black, (Coalburg Coal horizon) 1 141 Shales, sandy and sandstone, (Lower Coalburg).. 98 239 Coal, Winifrede 1 240 Shale, sandy, and sandstone, massive, Cleveland, (Upper Chilton) 53 293 Slate, black, (Chilton Coal horizon) 7 300 Continued by W. T. Wilson No. 2 (596) Well Record (1015' B.) : Conductor 32 Shale, black, (Cedar Grove Coal horizon) 6 338 Sand, gray, hard 207 ~| Sand, gray, finer 40 [(Peerless) 65 403 Sand, gray 5 J Coal, (Campbell Creek, No. 2 Gas) 2 405 Shale, blue 13 418 Coal, soft, (Powellton) 4 422 STRATIGRAPHY— THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Shale, blue ...................................... J? Sand, white, very hard (Eagle) .................. ^ Dark sandstone and Coal, (Eagle) ............... Sand, white ............ 22' ^ (Decota) ......... 30 486 Shale, fr?port'ed" black 'in Well No. 597), (Eagle). 108 594 Coal, soft, (Lower War Eagle) .................. 4 Oil sand (Upper Gilbert) 5 Shale, mixed .................................... 6i> Coal, soft, (Gilbert) Sand, gray, Lower Connoquenessing, (Nuttall, top of New River Group) 20 Coal, Sharon (Hughes Ferry, Lower Douglas).... Mauch Chunk Series (102') Sand shale, very hard, limy nature .............. 66 Shale.red ....................................... ™ Lime, blue Oil sand, Maxton (fine flow of gas) Sand, blue Shale, red ...................................... ™* Shale, blue ...................................... Shale, red and blue ............................. The correlation of the Sharon Coal in the section above is founded on the hypothesis of I. C. White and David White1, that the expansion of the Upper Pottsville, or Kanawha Group, takes place in the Mercer Group of coals, lying be- tween the Homewood and Lower Connoquenessing Sand- stones, based upon the presence of plant fossils in the roof shales of the Sharon in Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio similar to those found above the Hughes Ferry Coal in Nicholas County, West Virginia. According to Hennen2. this view is strengthened by the fact that Lingulae, a type of -marine fos- sils, are common in the roof shales of the Lower Douglas 01 Hughes Ferry Coal, in McDowell County, a form that is rt- ported common in the roof shales of the Sharon in Maryland by Dr. Price. As stated before, the isolated position of the Lewis County panhandle makes the correlations of the above section only provisional and subject to correction when fur- ther work is done in the adjoining counties. 'I. C. White, Vol. II (A), W. Va. G. S., p. 252; 1908 "Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Rept., W. Va. G. S., pp. 184-5; 1915. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l6<) DESCRIPTION OF FORMATIONS. THE HOMEWOOD SANDSTONE. The Homewood Sandstone, named by I. C. White from its outcrop in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, occurs above drainage along the Little Kanawha in southern Lewis, but good exposures of it are not frequent. It is usually gray and massive, with shaly streaks. In Chapter IV, its presence is noted above drainage in the section for Bablin, where it is 25 feet thick, and in that for Wildcat, where 30 feet of it is ex- posed. It is also noted in numerous other sections of the same Chapter, compiled from oil well records in the regions where it lies underground. THE KANAWHA BLACK FLINT. The Kanawha Black Flint of Rogers,* named from its oc- currence in the Great Kanawha Valley, was definitely located in southern Lewis along Glady Creek, 1.1 miles north of Bab- lin, where it occurs along the east bank of the creek at the ford and is about 20 feet above drainage. Its position in the measures is shown by the section for Bablin, published in Chapter IV, and it is illustrated by Plate XXIV. At this point, it is 0' 6" thick, dark, silicious, and contains minute crystals of gypsum. It has an abundant marine fauna, con- taining Orbiculoidea, Spirifer, and several other forms com- mon to the same horizon in the Great Kanawha Valley. Dr. Price has made a collection from this place and the results of his studies are published in Chapter XIII. Fossils were not observed at any other point where the Flint horizon occurs above drainage, although diligent search was made both by Dr. Price and the writer. The position of the Flint is noted in the section for Cleveland, published in Chapter IV, where some dark shale was found at a fire clay spring. 175 feet below the Lo\ver Kittanning Coal. *W. B. Rogers, Fifth Annual Report of Virginia; 1839. J70 STRATIGRArHY — THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. THE MERCER (STOCKTON) COAL. The Mercer Coal, of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, apparently correlating with the Stockton Coal of White,3 occurring in the Kanawha Group of the southern counties, was noted at a few points in southern Lewis, but appears to be too thin and slaty for commercial mining. In the section for Bablin, published in Chapter IV, this coal is 0' 4" thick. Another prospect in the same region shows the following : Coal Prospect — No. 283 on Map II. On Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.9 mile north of Ingo; Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 1245' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly Slate, black, Kanawha Flint 0 6 Coal, bony 0' 6" Coal, good 1 10 2 4 Slate, black, mixed with coal 4 0 Coal opening, fallen shut, thickness concealed.. It is possible that this coal may be an intermediate seam between the Lower Kittarining and the Mercer, as its interval below the former seems too small. The blossom of the Stockton Coal was also observed on a branch of the Little Kanawha, 0.8 mile northwest of Cleve- land, at an elevation of 1460' B. A further description of this coal appears in Chapter XI. THE UPPER COALBURG SANDSTONE. The Upper Coalburg Sandstone, first named the Coalburg by White,4 but later given its present title by Hennen and the writer,3 to distinguish it from the Lower Coalburg, is above drainage along both forks of the Little Kanawha, but is not prominent. So far as observed, it does not make any conspicu- ous cliffs. 3I. C. White, Vol. 1I(A), W. Va. G. S., p. 469; 1908. *I. C. White, Vol. II(A), W. Va. G. S., p. 468; 1908. 5Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 137; 1914. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Ijl THE COALBURG COAL. The Coalburg Coal of White6, belonging about 140 feet below the top of the Pottsville, is not of minable thickness in Lewis, where it crops, and was not definitely recognized in borings where its horizon is underground. A black slate was observed at this horizon on Fallen Timber Run, one-half mile east of Bablin, at an elevation of 1135' B. It was also observed on the Right Fork of the Little Kanawha, 0.6 mile southeast of Wildcat, at an elevation of 1085' B. The following exposure, which seems to represent the Coalburg Coal, but which may be the Mercer, was observed along the Upshur Line: Coal Exposure — No. 284 on Map II. On Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha, 0.5 mile north of Ingo; Coal- burg Coal, elevation, 1145' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 10' } Shale, dark 3 j- Upper Coalburg. 21 0 Sandstone, shaly 8 j Limestone, hard, silicious 2 0 Shale, black • 5 0 Coal, Coalburg 0 8 Fire clay shale 2 6 Sandstone, shaly 10 0 Concealed, with sandy shale, to creek 52 0 THE LOWER COALBURG SANDSTONE. The Lower Coalburg Sandstone of Hennen and the writer,7 which is a great cliff rock in Logan and Mingo, com- ing between the Coalburg and Winifrede Coals, is not promi- nent in southern Lewis in the region of its crop. At the Bab- lin road fork, a massive sandstone appears at an elevation of 1000' B. that may represent it. THE WINIFREDE COAL. The Winifrede Coal of White,8 which underlies the Coal- "I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 548; 1903. 7Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 141; 1914. "I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. S., p. 162; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. G. S., p. 556; 1903. IJ2 STRATIGRAPHY THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. burg Coal by 75 to 100 feet in the Great Kanawha Valley, and is 150 to 200 feet below the Black Flint, should crop above drainage in southern Lewis. At the mouth of Fallen Timber Run, one-half mile east of Bablin, the blossom of a coal was noted at an elevation of 1040' B., coming 175 feet below the blossom of the Stockton, which represents practically the same level as the Flint, and this lower blossom should be the Wini- frede. At other points it was not observed and it was not noted in well records where its horizon lies underground, so it may be disregarded as an economic deposit. THE UPPER CHILTON? OR CLEVELAND SANDSTONE. Along the north bank of the Little Kanawha River at Cleveland, a massive gray sandstone cliff occurs, the base of which is concealed below drainage, 45 feet being exposed above water level. The Upper Kittanning Coal is opened in .the hill north of Cleveland, 500 feet above river level, as shown by the Cleveland Section, published in Chapter IV, showing that the stone along the river, allowing for the southeastward rise, must be at least 400 feet below the top of the Pottsville. It is possible that this may represent the Upper Chilton Sand- stone of Hennen and the writer,9 but there is no certainty that this is the fact. This sandstone makes bluffs down the riv< below Cleveland. Opposite the mouth of Williams Camp Run at Bois, it makes a great cliff, 55 feet of it being visible, with its top at 1135' B. One-half mile west of Bois, it makes a cliff, 30 feet thick, north of the river, illustrated by Plate XXVI, its base being 1065' B. Since there can be no assur- ance that this ledge extends through to the region of the ex- panded Kanawha Group, it will be called the Cleveland Sand- stone until further work has shown its true place in the measures. The Cleveland Sandstone is the lowest outcropping for- mation definitely recognized in either Lewis or Gilmer. A fev: feet of the measures are exposed below it along the Right Fork of the Little Kanawha, but their nature was not well ex- "Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 147; 1914. WI-:ST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1/3 I-oscd. It is probable that this interval is occupied by the sandy shales that frequently appear between the several sand- su.ne ledges of the Pottsville. A black slate horizon, 7 feet thick, coming at an elevation uf 1020' B., was observed along the Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile east of Bablin, that may represent the Chilton Coal horizon of the Kanawha Group. PART III. Mineral Resources. CHAPTER X. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. OIL AND GAS HORIZONS. Lewis and Gilmer, like many other counties in the central and western parts of the State, have been prolific in their yield of natural gas and high grade petroleum. Of the two, Lewis has been more developed and has produced the more, both of oil and gas, but in Gilmer a considerable quantity of both has been found and there are still large untested areas that offer favorable fields for drilling. In both counties, the oil is of the famous Pennsylvania grade, having a paraffine base and being high in volatile oils. The reservoirs that con- tain it, as well as the gas, which accompanies the same, are the sandstone members of the Pennsylvanian, Mississippian and Devonian Rocks. So far as known no oil or gas has been found in the Dunkard Series above, or the Chemung below these producing limits, although the Dunkard has been often drilled through and the Chemung has frequently been pene- trated several hundred feet. The Big Lime, or Greenbrier Limestone, often contains shows of oil and gas, but has sel- dom produced it in commercial quantities, and no other lime- stone of importance is encountered in drilling. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1/5 The wells range in depth from 1500 to 3000 feet, and drill- ing is done entirely by the plunger type of bit. Salt water is encountered often in the Salt Sands of the Pottsville Series and frequently in other sands as low as the Fifty-foot of the Upper Devonian, and in rare instances in some of the lower sands, being much more abundant along the synclines than along the anticlines. Three strings of casing are generally used, 10-inch, &%-inch and 6^-inch, the latter being set in the Big Lime, but sometimes a string of 5 3/16-inch is necessary when water or caving shale is found below the Big Injun Sand. The oil and gas fields of Lewis and Gilmer offer a fine illustration of the general application of the structural theory of gravity separation, as first definitely advanced by White.1 Nearly all the oil pools of consequence in the lower, or non- water-bearing sands, are found along the troughs of the syn- clines or at the foot of steep structural terraces, while those in the water-bearing sands are found farther up the structural slopes above the water zone. The most important gas field ^ are located either along the principal anticlines or in shallow synclines that have a much higher general level than the struc- ture shows farther west. The few exceptions to these general occurrences are apparently accounted for by special conditions. The following classification of the various oil and gas sands, taken from a previous Report of the Survey,2 shows not only the producing sands of Lewis and Gilmer, but also those of other counties in the State, those known to be productive in the two counties of this Report being printed in black type: 'I. C. White, "Science," June 26, 1885, and Vol. HA), W. Va. G. S., p. 48; 1904; and Vol. I, W. Va. G. S., pp. 159-187; 1899. "Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 388; 1913. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The Oil and Gas Horizons of West Virginia. Monongahela Series Conemaugh Series Allegheny Series Pottsville Series Mauch Chunk Red Shale Greenbrier Limestone Pocono Sandstones Catskill Red Beds Chemung and Portage Beds | Carroll Sand (Uniontown) [Minshall Sand (Connellsville) I Murphy (Morgantown) J Moundsville Sand (Saltsburg) (Buffalo) | First Cow Run (Little Dunkard) Sand ; Big Dunkard Sand (Mahoning) ( Burning Springs (Upper F'reeport) [ Gas Sand (Lower Freeport) [ Gas Sand of Marion and Monongalia Counties (Homewood), Second Cow Run of Ohio | Gas Sand of Cairo j Salt Sand of Cairo j Cairo? | Gas Sand of Rosedale [Salt Sand of Rosedale j Maxton, Dawson, Cairo [ Little Lime | "Big Lime," not generally productive f Keener Sand and Beckett Sand of Mil- | ton J Big Injun Sand ] Squaw Sand j Weir Sand [ Berea Sand [ Gantz Sand | Fifty-foot Sand | Thirty-foot Sand | Gordon Stray Sand -j Gordon Sand | Fourth Sand McDonald or Fifth Sand Bayard or Sixth Sand j Elizabeth or Seventh Sand f Warren First or Second Tiona, Speech- 's ley Sand. No well defined oil or gas [ horizons yet discovered in West Va. To this classification as originally given by Hennen in the Report mentioned, the writer has added the Gas and Salt Sands of Rosedale, the Little Lime and the Weir Sand of the rocono Series, described by Krebs as being productive in the Blue Creek Field of Kanawha County.3 In Lewis and Gilmer, 8C. E. Krebs, Kanawha Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 302; 1914. o o 1c5 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 177 oil and gas have been found in many of the sands ranging be- tween the Little Dunkard and the Sixth. The others above and below these horizons are not known to have been pro- ductive. For the relative distances of the principal producing sands of the two counties below the Pittsburgh Coal, the reader is referred to the table of intervals published in Chapter III, page 36. DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTIVE SANDS. Little Dunkard Sand. — The Little Dunkard Sand is not generally productive, but made gas in the O. Cheuvront No. 4087 (243) well in Freemans Creek District, Lewis. The sand occurs 350 to 400 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. Big Dunkard Sand — The Big Dunkard Sand, which in some of the western counties yields considerable oil, is not generally productive in Lewis and Gilmer. In Dekalb Dis- trict, Gilmer, it showed oil and gas in the Nancy Nicholas No. 1 (668) and oil in the W. H. Ayers No. 1 (670) wells. The sand ranges in thickness from 10 to 50 feet, and is usually found 450 to 500 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. Burning Springs Sand. — The Burning Springs Sand, oc- curring about 650 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, is not gen- erally productive, but made gas in the A. B. Ayers No. 3130 (667) well, in Dekalb District, Gilmer. Gas Sand. — The name "Gas Sand" has been applied by drillers to various members of the Allegheny and Pottsville beds, but the highest formation that has been given this title is the sand that correlates with the Lower Freeport Sandstone of the Allegheny. It is usually 20 to 50 feet thick, coming about 700 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. In Lewis and Gil- mer, it is not generally productive, but it showed gas in the Perry White No. 497 (236), and B. L. Kraus No. 242 (353) in Freemans Creek District, and Waters Heirs No. 4 (585) in Collins Settlement District, Lewis. Second Cow Run Sand. — The Second Cow Run Sand, named from Cow Run, in Ohio, where it produces oil, and often called the First Salt or sometimes the Gas Sand, is the highest formation in the Pottsville Series, belonging 750 to T^8 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 800 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and being from 25 to 75 feet thick. It has not produced oil or gas in quantity any- where in the two counties, but shows of both, as well as abundant salt water, are sometimes found. Gas Sand of Rosedale.— At Rosedale, Braxton County, just south of the Gilmer Line, several wells have been drilled that show gas in commercial quantity in a sand that comes 1500 to 1525 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal horizon and which has been called the "Gas Sand" by the drillers in that locality. This sand is the next to the lowest sandstone member of the Pottsville Series, which is expanded in that region to a total thickness of nearly 800 feet. Sufficient evidence is not avail- able to show whether this sand correlates with any definitely named formation of the Pottsville in northern West Virginia, and it will be referred to as the "Gas Sand of Rosedale." Salt Sand of Rosedale.— The Salt Sand of Rosedale, which is a prolific oil horizon in that locality, coming about 1625 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and being the lowest sandstone formation of the Pottsville, seems to correlate with the lower Salt Sand of northern Lewis. This sand produces a consider- able quantity of oil at Rosedale and also in Courthouse Dis- trict, Lewis, where a small pool has been found on Murphy Creek. It is the gas horizon of the Stumptown region in Gil- mer and at various other points has produced oil and gas. Along the synclines it is nearly always barren of oil and gas, owing to the great amount of water that it contains. Maxton Sand. — The Maxton Sand, belonging in the Mauch Chunk reds, has produced oil and gas in considerable quantity at numerous points in the two counties, but because of its lenticular character, must be classed as an uncertain economic horizon. Little Lime. — The Little Lime, which occurs near the base of the Mauch Chunk Series, 1375 to 1775 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, depending on the locality, and being 10 to 30 feet thick, is not generally productive, but made an oil show in the J. C. Marsh No. 1 (281) in Freemans Creek Dis- trict, and flowed oil in the M. O. Edwards No. 996 (473) in Courthouse District, Lewis. Big Lime. — The Big Lime, or Greenbrier Limestone, be- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1/9 longing 1400 to 1800 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and be- ing 50 to 100 feet thick, has produced little oil or gas of com- mercial quantity in the two counties. Numerous shows of black oil and pockets of gas are frequently found, but seldom last long. Keener Sand. — The Keener Sand, resting directly under the Big Lime and representing the upper member of the Po- cono, sometimes being 20 to 50 feet thick when separated from the underlying Big Injun with which it is usually joined without any slate parting, has not produced oil or gas in com- mercial quantity in either county. It showed oil in the J. W. Killingsworth No. 1 (690) well in Glenville District, Gilmer. Big Injun Sand. — The Big Injun Sand, sometimes coming directly under the Big Lime, and sometimes being separated from it by the Keener Sand and accompanying slate, and at- taining 50 to 150 feet in thickness, long recognized as one of the most prolific oil and gas horizons in the State, has pro- duced only a small quantity of either in Lewis and Gilmer. It often shows oil or gas when drilled through, but has not been generally productive. Squaw Sand. — The Squaw Sand, belonging in the Pocono Series and being usually regarded as a split off the Big Injun, from which it is sometimes not separated, has produced gas in a few wells and has also showed small quantities of oil, but like the Big Injun above it, offers little hope of any extensive production. Its thickness is variable, being usually not more than 50 feet. Weir Sand.— The Weir Sand, belonging 275 to 400 feet below the top of the Big Lime, being frequently absent and seldom more than 50 feet thick, is not generally productive, t-ut showed oil in the Hazen Phillips No. 2658 (561), in Banks District, Upshur, near the Lewis Line, and made gas in the John G. Radabaugh No. 2588 (571) in Collins Settlement Dis- trict. Lewis. Berea Sand. — The Berea Sand, which is the bottom mem- ber of the Pocono Series, being 300 to 500 feet below the top of the Big Lime and usually 10 to 30 feet thick, has produced a large amount of oil and gas in the two counties. In Lewis it is the oil producing stratum of the Fink field in Freemans jgO PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Creek District, and is frequently gas-bearing in Freemans Creek, Hackers Creek, Courthouse and Collins Settlement Dis- tricts.' In Gilmer, it produces oil at Newberne and in the ex- treme western corner of Dekalb District and gas at other lo- calities. This sand was formerly believed to be the Gantz of the Catskill Series and has been so termed generally by the drillers, but studies by Hennen and the writer in Calhoun and Doddridge show that the Berea Sand of the Yellow Creek field in Calhoun and the oil sand of the Fink region are the same, and since the identity of the Yellow Creek Sand has never been subject to question, the oil sand of Fink Creek must be called the Berea instead of the Gantz. Gantz Sand. — The Gantz Sand, which is the uppermost sandstone member of the Catskill Series, belonging 400 to 500 feet below the top of the Big Lime, and being usually 10 to 30 feet thick, has produced a little gas in northern Lewis, but is not generally productive. Fifty-foot Sand. — The Fifty-foot Sand, belonging next under the Gantz, and coming 450 to 550 feet below the top of the Big Lime, and being 20 to 50 feet thick, is an occasional producer of gas in northern Lewis. It frequently contains large quantities of salt water and some good wells have been completely drowned out by drilling too deep in the sand. No productive wells in this horizon were noted in Gilmer. Thirty-foot Sand. — The Thirty-foot Sand, coming 500 to 600 feet below the top of the Lime, and much resembling the Fifty-foot in thickness and character, is not generally produc- tive, but. has furnished gas at a few wells in northern Lewis. Gordon Stray Sand. — The Gordon Stray Sand, coming 600 to 650 feet below the top of the Lime and seldom being more than 20 feet thick, produces gas at scattered points in Lewis and at one or two wells in Glenville District, Gilmer, near the Lewis Line. It has also furnished oil at a few wells in the Copley region, Courthouse District, Lewis. Like all the other sands of the Catskill Series, it is lenticular, making its correla- tion somewhat uncertain. Gordon Sand.— The Gordon Sand, coming 600 to 700 feet below the top of the Lime, and being usually 5 to 30 feet thick, is one of the most prolific oil and gas horizons of the two WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l8l counties. It is the principal oil stratum of the famous Coplc pool in Courthouse District, Lewis, and has also produced gas generally throughout the county. In Gilmer it is an important gas horizon, but has not furnished much oil. Fourth Sand. — The Fourth Sand, belonging next under the Gordon, and much resembling it in thickness and charac- ter, is not generally productive in either county. In northern Lewis, it has furnished gas in several wells and has showed oil in a few cases. Fifth Sand. — The Fifth, or McDonald, Sand, belonging 150 to 175 feet below the top of the Gordon, and much resem- bling the Gordon and Fourth in thickness and character, is the great gas producing stratum of northern Lewis. Along the anticlines in Hackers Creek, Freemans Creek and Courthouse Districts, it is generally productive, and its great depth below the surface, ranging usually from 2000 to 2500 feet, insures a rock pressure that is often several times as large as the heavy line pressures, 300 to 400 pounds, often carried by the trunk gas lines. It is the oil stratum of the Benson Pool in Free- mans Creek District. In Gilmer it is not generally produc- tive, but along the Grassland Syncline in eastern Glenville District, it furnishes a considerable oil pool at the mouth of Indian Fork of Sand Fork. Sixth Sand. — The Sixth, or Bayard, Sand, coming 175 to 250 feet below the top of the Gordon, and having the lenticu- lar characteristics and general features of all the Catskill Sands, is the lowest producing stratum in either county. Its thickness ranges from 5 to 20 feet. In Lewis gas was secured at this horizon in the S. D. Camden No. 27 (145) well in Freemans Creek District. WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, LEWIS COUNTY. EARLY HISTORY. According to a former Report of the Survey,4 oil develop- ment began in Lewis in 1894, when the South Penn Oil Com- 'I. C. White, Vol. I(A), W. Va. G. S., p. 354; 1904. jg2 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. pany drilled the John Rastle No. 1 (273) well on Fink Creek, 1.2 miles north of Hurst, Freemans Creek District, which pro- duced oil from the Berea Sand at the rate of 15 barrels daily. Twenty years later it was still producing 2>^ barrels. The first gas well was the A. W. Woodford No. 1 (93), drilled by the Federal Oil Company along the West Fork River, in Hackers Creek District, opposite Butchersville. Neither of these wells was spectacular, and it was not until the S. D. Camden No. 1 (145), located on Polk Creek, Freemans Creek District, was drilled by Fred S. Rich and the Southern Oil Company and flowed oil from the Big Injun Sand at the rate of 500 barrels daily that general interest was aroused in the oil and gas possibilities of Lewis County. Since that time de- velopment has been rapid and more than 1,000 wells have been drilled for oil and gas. SUMMARIZED RECORDS. The following table, compiled with great care from the detailed records of Lewis County wells, is intended to furnish a means of obtaining at a glance the most important data re- garding all wells listed in the county, giving not only the se- rial number by which its position is fixed on Map II, but also the tidal elevation, depth to the Pittsburgh Coal, principal sands, total depth and producing horizons. The detailed rec- ords of many of these wells are published in succeeding pages and the index should be consulted to find the record of any particular well desired. In regions where wells are numerous no attempt was made to secure the records of all wells drilled, but representative wells were selected. In regions where wellr are infrequent they have all been tabulated by name and num- ber, but in some cases the records could not be secured. Throughout the text all wells when mentioned are accom- panied by the serial numbers in parentheses so that their posi- tions on Map II may be readily found. In the column naming the owner an attempt has been made to secure the names of the present owners of the wells rather than the original drill- ers, as many of the wells have been acquired by the large gas companies from small operators and have been given serial WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 183 numbers shown in the farm name column, which could not have been used in this Report had the original owners been named. The following abbreviations of company names have been used in the table : Ahner William Aimer, Dr. S. M. Steele et al. Alexander Alexander Oil and Gas Company. American Carbon American Carbon Company. Brannon et al Edward Brannon et al. Brown Brown Oil and Gas Company. B. R. O. & G Buckhannon Relief Oil and Gas Company. Carnegie Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Carbon Black Carbon Black Manufacturing Company. Clarksburg Clarksburg Light and Heat Company. Columbia Columbia Gas Company. Columbian Columbian Carbon Company. Crude Crude Oil Company. Deanville Deanville Gas Company. Federal Federal Oil Company. Frenchton Frenchton Oil and Gas Company. N. D. Goe N. D. Goe et al. Reed Goe Reed Goe et al. Griffiths C. E. Griffiths. Guff ey Guffey and Galey. Gum et al A. F. Gum, Detamore et al. Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Oil and Gas Company. Haddix Haddix and Leading Creek Oil and Gas Co. Hatzell et al George Hatzell, Andrew Edmiston et al. Hiner et al Hiner, Dayton and Arnold. Hope Hope Natural Gas Company. Jesse Run Jesse Run Oil and Gas Company. King J. M. King Gas Company. Mandell Mandell Oil Company. Morgan Morgan and Rinehart. Pa. O. & G Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Company. Pgh. & W. Va Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Company. Raven Raven Carbon Company. Reserve Reserve Gas Company. Smith et al Thomas Smith et al. South Penn South Penn Oil Company. Sparling George C. Sparling and Company. Steele & Allman Steele and Allman Oil and Gas Company. Steele et al Dr. S. M. Steele, Collins et al. Stewart Stewart United Oil Company. Swisher et al W. H. Swisher et al. Trippett Trippett Oil and Gas Company. U. S. Oil United States Oil Company. Weston Carbon Weston Carbon Company. Weston Electric Weston Electric Light, Power and Water Co. W. Va. Central West Virginia Central Gas Company. W. Va. State West Virginia State. 184 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and No. on JUpn FARM NAME AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWBBR levition Above Tide 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 u 15 | 16 g 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38A 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 54A 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 E. W. Post No. 1 L. N athan Lewis No. 1 Elk (Harrison) Elk (Harrison) Guffey Mandell 1080B 1080B 1060L 1365B 1280B 1115L 1190B 1170B I. S. Keger No. 1 Warren (Upshur) Hackers Creek Pa. 0. & G Tesse Run W F Post No. 1 W. F. Post No. 2 G. G. Cookman No. 2164 Hackers Creek lackers Creek lackers Creek Jesse Run Hope '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '. '. '. '. ............ Hope Hackers Creek E. S. McWhorter No. 907. E. R. Davis No. 587 Wade E. McWhorter No. 1 [. D. Boylen No. 1 Grant (Harrison) .... Hackers Creek Hope 1040B 1020B 1025B Yo2*OB 1125B 1115B 1140B 1200B 1120B 1150B 1030B Hope Hackers Creek Trippett Edith Goodwin Hrs. No. 3 Hackers Creek Waggoner & Snyder Waggoner & Snyder Edith Goodwin Hrs. No. 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek .... Hope M L Law No 1 TT v. r* v M. L. Law No. 2 Hall & Gaston No. 2477 Allman Bros No. 2 Flackers Creek Hackers Creek FT ackers Creek Flackers Creek Flackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope lope lackers Creek 1065B 1115B 1150B 1145B 1145B 1125B 1180B 1230B 1170B J. C. Allman No. 2673 Allman Bros No. 1 Hall & Gaston No. 2433 Sarah Batton No. 1 Geo. W. Starcher No. 1298 W. H. Kelley No. 2134 Fames D. Allman No. 2 Fames D. Allman Wo. 1 W. B. Lawson No. 3481 T B Swisher No 1 Hackers Creek ^teele & Allman lope Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Alexander Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek 1 042L 1050B 1025B 1105B 1135B 1050B 1205B 1055B 1205B 1080B 1045L 1050B 1115B 1172L 1245L 1100B 1155B 1165B 1220L | 1018L | 1140L 1160B 1201L TOOOB | 1492B | 1122L I 1255P. | 1165B | 1210B 1060B W. Va. Central W. Va. Central W. S. Starcher No. 1 M. M. Reger No. 2907 S. H. Luzader No. 1 Hackers Creek J Goodloe Swisher No 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Tlope W. S. Starcher No. 2571 Mark Hersman No. 1 W. S. Starcher No. 1 J. L. Swisher No. 2446 W. G. Hinzman No. 3283 W. G. Hinzman No. 375 A. S. Starcher No. 1 Mrs. Amrose Swisher No. 1 Hope N. D Goe . . Hope Hope Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope Hope Hope .. Hope May McWhorter No. 2593 T. S. Stalnaker No. 2619 T. A. Smith No. 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope Hope Hackers Creek W Va Central C. S. Taylor No. 2620 Hackers Creek Hope Nathaniel Bush No. 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek N. D. Goe Clara Peterson No. 3542 Layton Darnall No. 1 Hope W. E. Rhodes No. 3514.... D. B. Lawson No. 2060 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek H ackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek. Hope Hope Elizabeth Lawson No. 3286 Andrew Lunsfond No. 2049 Wm. Woodyard No. 2048 Richard N. Norman No. 1 W. M. Harrison No. 4088 Wm. Reger No. 2045 Hope Pgh. & W. Va Pgh & W Va W. Va Central Pgh. & W. Va Peh. & W. Va WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 185 Gas Wells in Lewis County PITTSBURGH COAL Big Lime. tr Top Berea Sand. Top Gordon Sand. Top Fifth Sand. Top Total Depth PRODUCING SAND AND REMARKS No. on Map II °ff Thickness Feet :::82:: ••••_•• 1390 ' 'i477" 1525 1608 1567 1425 1130 1358 1430 1200 1190 1190 1280 1505 1554 1595 1709 1650 1534 1185 1421 1495 1290 1260 1240 1360 2110 '2226" 2205 '2336" 2137 2040 2016 1980 1930 2038 2260 | -2345 " 2541 2511 2276 2024 | 2063 | 2481 2612J4 Max., B. I., 6th gas show 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38A 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 54 A 55 56 57 58 59 60 Cl 62 1867 1955 1917 1770 1556 1770 1635 1580 1640 Dry hole 2568 2582 2753 2513 2163 2332 2029 2352 2109 2200 Gantz & Gord. gas show R T ( ' 4th gas B. Lrru, Berea, G. Stray & Gord. B. I. & 4th light gas B. I. oil show; Gantz, 50', Gord. B. I. gas & oil; Gantz & Gord. gas 1250? 1280 1340 1365 1665 1700 '2084" '2215" 1725J^ 2230 2365 50' gas 50' eas | | .' .' .' .' .' .' ; 'l996" 2270 '1374 1444' 1475 1440 1470 1448 1732' 1736" 2602 1828 1812 Berea, 50', 4th & 5th gas 1370 1388 50' gas 50' gas 1728 2160 '2347" 2322 1819 24ie" 2422 B. I., Berea & 50' gas 1425 1500 1500 1572 1790 1865 Berea, 50' & 5th gas 50' eas 1653 1395 1410 1709 1469 1475 'l73o' 1788 2337 2490 2527 1816 2288 2100 2264 '2404" 1 2435 2274 1548 1595 1936 2245 2356 12414 2551 2426 B. I., 4th & 5th gas Dry hole 1989 1773 1632 1466 1714 1526 '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1535 1437 1456 1860 1500 1505 1988 | 2307 I 2326 1 1 | 3001 2635 2602 2712 I'geii" 1755 1840 2112 2185 2280 2293 | I ! 2470 | '2463" 2505 B. I., oil & gas; 5th gas 1755 1580 1600 1685 1815 1660 1690 1745 2055 1940 1995 2005 2396 '2283" 2340 B. Lm., Squaw & 5th gas 1685 1737 2064 2328 2544 1672 1514 1880 1520 1653 1590 1650 1370 1730 1590 1910 1600 1750 1685 1710 1494 1968 1830 2205 1930" 2025 1680 2369 2519 , 2680 1949 | 2989 1 2450 j 2530 | 2645 12675 2272 TVTa trm ^0' ffa9 2583 2730 | 2090 1 2235 2487 2254 2436 2357 1 2509 | 1960 | 2236 B Lm 50' & 5th gas 50' 30' 4th & 5th a:as B I & 4th gas B I gas B. I., 4th & 5th gas 1 80 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas No. on Map II FARM NAMB AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWNER levation Above Tide 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 118A 119 120 121 122 John Rombach No. 1 Edwin Maxwell No. 3 M W. Harrison No. 1923 R.' H. Harrison No. 1905 A. M. Smith No. 1911 Elias Lawson No. 1 i~X T. Peterson No. 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Roane & Smith American Carbon Pgh. & W. Va Pgh. & W. Va Pgh. & W. Va South Penn Crude Oil Matych & Wilkins 3ope 1020B 1050B 1025B 1020B 1100B 1020B 1025B 1105B 1025B 1005B 1030B 1220L 1030L 1037L 1045B 1150B 1028L 1092L 1070B 1390B 1360B 1110B 1295B 1050B 1245B 1111L 1070L 1015L 1415B 1030B '1110B 1250B 1020B 1190B 1130B 1065B 1080B 1050B 1060B 1050B 1000B 1030B 1195B 1155B 1025B 'l215B 1215T? 1020B 1075B 1000B 1005B 1095B 1210B 1125B 1055B 1225B 1145B 1015B 1035B ohn Peterson No. 1 ohn P. Peterson No. 3422 Edwin Maxwell No. 1 W. B. McGary No. 1 Wm. Donlan No. 2077 Mrs. Samuel Hardman No. 1 J. C. Roane No. 1 Thos. Smith E. W. Smith, Jr. No. 4113 W. G. Bennett No. 2363 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Cre'ek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek American Carbon Clarksburg Pgh. & W. Va Deanville Deanville Smith et al Pgh. & W. Va Hope Isaac Anglin No. 4009 Andrew Edmiston No. 2805 F. C. Forinash No. 2055 Hope Pgh. & W. Va Noah Life No. 4063 Pgh. & W. Va W. Va. Central Pgh. & W. Va John C. Strabky No. 1 H ackers Creek W. G. Taylor No. 2056 Flesher Hrs. No. 2718 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Pgh. & W. Va Flesher Hrs. No. 1 S. J. Waggoner No. 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek W. Va. Central Porter Maxwell No. 1 A. W. Woodford No. 1 Federal W. Va. Central Reserve Hays Hrs No 243 A. J. Hardman No. 1 W W Smith No 1 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope Hebron Church No. 1 J. H. Ramsburg No. 3515 M. O. Brown No. 403 L. M. Allman No. 3057 L. M. Allman No. 2855 C A Bailey No 405 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope Carnegie Hope Hope J. A. J. Lightburn No. 300 W W Wimer No 369 . Hackers Creek Reserve Samuel G. Hall No. 3456 ISamuel G. Hall No. 2074 Richard Beeghley No. 448 A W Rhodes No 1554 Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hope Hope Union (Harrison).... 1 Wm Beeghley No. 442 IJ. M. Beeghley No. 436 Wm Beeghley No 1 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Union (Harrison) Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Reserve 1 Sarah E. Hinzman No. 263 IKaty Wimer No 387 [Anna C. Barb No. 380 Jane Thrash H. L. Frashuer No. 484 Geo. & Spillman Norris No. 1 J. S. Norris No. 2 Peter C. Allman No. 278 McKinley-Barth No. 488 Reserve Hope Reserve Reed Goe Reserve i. ., Reserve Ella Clifton No. 1 B. S. Jackson No. 1 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Raven Pgh. & W. Va WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. i87 Wells in Lewis County— Continued PITTSBURf .1 COAL Depth Top hickncM Feet Big Lime. Top Big Injun Sand. Top Berea Sand. Top Sand. Top Sand, lop Total Depth PRODUCING SAND AND REMARKS No. on Map II 1 63 1480 1530 1760 2125 2276 2303 64 65 B I & 50' gas 66 B Lm B I 50' & Gord gas 67 Dry hole 68 1488 1575 1945 2178 2363 2481 B. I. gas & oil show; Gord. Stray 69 B I oil 70 Oil ... 71 1570 1624 72 1510 1582 1 OOrr 1532 1845 2143 2262 \ 2274 Gantz gas 74 1548 1628 1870 2206 2463 2497 50', Gord. & 5th gas 5th gas 75 76 77 78 1390 1454 79 1280 1335 2122 2154 B I 4th & 5th gas. 80 1360 1410 1800 2218 B Lm oil' B I 50' & 4th gas 81 1350 1600 1930 2110 2505 5th gas 82 '"26" 5' 1518 1583 1412 1598 1639 1465 "iges" 1763 '2349" 2128 2455 2325 2582 2518 50',30', G. Stray gas Berea, 30', Gord. & 5th gas 50' 30' gas 83 84 85 1555 1610 1936 2220 2425 86 1294 1336 1997 1400 1445 1765 2130 2691 30' gas 88 89 90 1174 1225 1535 1915 2047 2075 "R & p ^ 91 60 6 1619 1679 1975 2113 50' gas 92 1320 1380 1680 1935 2127 2142 93 1232 1291 1608 1853 2078 2111 B I 5th gas 94 1362 1426 1800 2040 2257 1188 1248 1648 1923 2068 2093 5th gas 9<6 97 1282 1338 1685 2000 2160 2200 B. L, 5th gas 98 1166 1220 1535 1875 2028 2807 5th gas 99 1232 1318 1600 1947 2110 2144 100 1185 1275 1540 1895 2055 2162 Salt & 5th gas 101 1175 1300 1550 1918 2066 2197 30' & 5th gas 102 1195 1295 1605 1930 2062 2097 5th gas. 103 1100 1190 1460 1973 2015 50' & 5th gas 104 1150 1270 1505 1800 2015 2083 Berea & 5th gas. 105 1300 1520 1695 2005 2215 2324 1st Cow R., Maxton, B. I., Berea 50' 5th gas 108 1260 107 1112 1140 1194 1210 1519 1518 1853 2013 2076 1538 B. I., Berea, 30', 5th gas 108 109 1377 1441 1750 2019 2240 2283 B I Berea 50' 30' Gord ' 5tli gas 110 1395 1452 1755 2035 2247 2289 B I Berea 30' Gord 5th gas 111 ( | 112 1190 1266 1578 1603 B I. & Berea gas 113 114 1117 1228 1495 1800 2000 2075 B. Lm. oil; B. I., Berea, 30', 5th 115 118 137 5 1600 1675 1878 2237 8349 117 1375 1433 1715 2000 2201 2228 118 1300 1370' 1630 1675 118A 1370 1481 1770 1778 119 1310 1370 1693 1990 2169 2207 II Cow R Berea 5th gas 120 1120 1178 | 1480 1793 1973 2000 5th gas. 121 | 122 r88 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas No. o lUp! ' FARM NAME AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWNER Elevation Abeve Tide 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 172. A 173 174 175 176 178 179 180 181 181A 183 184 |S A Butcher No 383 1065B 1135B 1045B 1010B 1015B 1010B 1060B 1010B 1020B 1025B 1110B | 1035B | 1099L | 1220B 1175B 1020B 1057L 1070B 1040B 1040B 1090B 1075B 1050L 1325B 1380B 1358B 1135B 1195B 1198L 1135B 1285B U45B 1138L 1155B 1056B 1110B 1115B 1124L 1185.9 1095B 1022L 1025B 1075B 1185B 1400B 1260B 1070B 1030B 1060B 1104B 1095B 1215B 1065B 1070B 1085B 1125B 1095B 1100B 1125B 1140B IJohn W Norris No 40 IBurd Keister No. 1 IE. S. Butcher No. 1 I B Lovett No 21 . . . Freemans Creek. . . . Freemans Creek.... Freemans Creek | Raven JW. Va. Central ! Rpsprve . . J B Lovett No 2 Freemans Creek . . W Va Central . . Geo. N Butcher No. 285 [Gee Lick Church No 1 M H Lough No 217 Freemans Creek Newton Shaw No. 1 G. A. Butcher No. 359 Freemans Creek.... Freemans Creek.... Freemans Creek .... Freemans Creek.... Clarksburg Sarah J. Bennett No. 2757 Hope E. M. Vandervort No. 1 1 Stokes Tunstill No. 1 Stokes Tunstill No. 2 J. P. & H. Snyder No. 36 |C. H. Lovett No. 105 J. V. WaWeck No. 81 W. Va. Central Freemans Creek.... Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Carbon Black Carbon Black Reserve Reserve Georgia Fisher No. 1 Chas. A. Taylor No. 2 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek .... Reserve [Chas. A. Taylor No. 1 Freemans Creek Columbian S. D. Camden No. 27 James Jarvis No. 238 Solomon Jarvis No. 393 7reemans Creek ^reemans Creek Will Jarvis No. 1 mffey M. L. Butcher No. 57 M. L. Butcher No. 412 '•'reemans Creek.... ^reemans Creek '•Yeemans Creek .... '•Veemans Creek.... Reserve Reserve i. Reserve .' A. N. Dodson No. 295 Alvin Douglass No. 161 Stark A. White No. 2 Stark A. White No. 1 Thos. Lovett No. 1 Reserve ^reemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek '•"reemans Creek ^reemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek !•" reemans Creek 'reemans Creek I?reeman Creek ri-reeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Kreeman Creek . Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek ^reeman Creek Freeman Creek 'reeman Creek Freeman Creek •'reemans Cre'ek 7reemans Creek "reemans Creek "reemans Creek ?reemans Creek Freemans Creek ! Jnion (Harrison) i rreemans Creek ' Freemans Creek Weston Carbon . . . Weston Carbon Columbian Reserve S. A. Kemper No. 417 C. E. Woofter No 1946 Hannah Kemper No 237 F. M. McKinley No. 1. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. T. G. Wright No. 186 Jas. R. Railey No 49 C. N. Robinson No. 311 . Clark White No. 13 Elaine Kershner No. 115... M. C. Burnside No. 1914 J. S. Hall No. 352 ....'. A. J. Riley No. 4269 Reserve W. Va. Central Reserve Reserve Reserve T'gh. & W. Va '...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Reserve H. Bailey No. 1917. .. W. G. Bailey No. 1913 H. W. Romine No. 1 A. Armstrong No. 196 Lloyd Talbott No. 1 Virginia Hughes No. 201 Cottrill Hrs. No. 17... Chas. W. Rhodes No. 468 ...'.' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' J J. M. Hall No. 2... W. L. Hall No 4 '.'.'. F £. Burnside No. 1909 .' T. Clemans No. 1. . . . T. Clemans No. 1.... Davis Hrs. No. 1 . . . . B. Coffindaffer No. 945 ...'.' W. B. Maxwell ^V. B. Maxwell No. 3 .....'! Pgh. & W. Va... 'gh. & W. Va Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Reserve Crude Crude Pgh. & W. Va ^outh Penn ;outh Penn -outh Penn nope • ; SehPCnn WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I89 Wells in Lewis County — Continued PITTSBURGH COIL Big Lime. Top Big Irian Sand. Top 1250" Berea Sand. Top Gordon Sand. Top fifth Sand. Top Total $ PRODUCING SAKD AND REMARKS Do. on Map H 123~ 124 125 126 1SV 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 '150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 172 A 173 174 175 176 178 179 180 181 181A 183 184 X Thickness '"' 1190 1540 1840 2050 | j [ 2121 | 1198 1110 2004 I 2130 j 2203 1149 Maxton gas Maxton gas B. I. & 5th gas 5th gas • 1200 1580 1318 1399 "isso" 1900 2068 19S8 2100 | 2190 | 1135 1235 1349 1210 1212 1406 1303 1500 1263 1827 2066 1265 1885 2075 1472 1707 2037 2266 1355 1630 1986 2154 1587 1925 2150 2313 2082 2102 2461 3000 2330 1 1 50' & 5th gas 1 1422 1435 1340 1480 1490 1420 1795 2077 1815 2115 1680 1988 2275 I 2212 2294 2170 2230 1 . 4th oil' B I & 5th gas '.'.'.'. '. '. '. Salt, Maxton, B. Lm., G. Stray & Gord. & 5th gas 1 1 1 1 1 1300 1748 1845 1684 1315 1390 1550 1458 1592 1565 1450 1328 1230 1310 1272 1275 1470 1810 1900 1790 1375 1460 1615 1505 1660 '1516 1385 1280 1380 1344 1325 | 12202 2624 2696 I 1072 ... 2135 2386 2603^1 2243 2454 2676 j B Lm Gord 5th gas Gord. & 5th gas ... 2011 1769 2039 2196 2255 2206 2304 2225 2126 2282 2284 2240 2241 | 2138 i 2186 1 2175 ! 2173 Gas ss. show of oil; B. Lm., oil & gas; B. I., Gord., 5th gas Salt oil; Gord. oth gas ....... 1850 1984 '1906 1710 1590 " iess' ' 1685 2115 2262 2272 1978 1885 1974 1988 1923 2202 2104 2160 2150 2151 Maxton & Gord gas Maxton & Gord. gas Gord. gas B. I. oil: 30' & 4th gas 50', Gord., 4th & 5th gas B I gas G. Stray, 5th gas 2102 2125 1021 2145" 1 2220 i 1949 ! 2800 28(16 2638 ... B. D. & Salt gas 5th gas G. Stray & 5th gas Salt, Berea, 4th gas 1S08 1905 2280 2320 2025 1231 1299 . 1554 1912 1920 1768 1614 1980 1978 1836 2779 1 2786 | 2615 "| j Salt &gB. I. oii show; Berea, 30' 440 300 5 4 2592 2423 G. Stray gas 1500 1558 1875 2190 2361 ! 23S4 jj B. Lm. oil & gas; 5th gas 1525 1658 1780 1654 1920 1590 1700 1860 1704 1982 1900 2005 2125 2210 2276 2412 2317 2585 2410 ] 2430 2498 2612 2622 (I 2689 2514 | 2543 2793 || 2814 176 318 210 485? '"i" 5 ? 5th gas . .... B. I. oil & gas; Berea, G. Stray, Maxton. B. I., Gord. gas; 5th oil. Salt oil | 1 j | 1 1965 2015 2360 2624 2845 || 2851 Y, II 5th gas 819 5 | 2227 2290 „, . . ! B. I. gas 190 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas MapH FiRM NAMI ANDlfiUMBlR Magisterial District OWNER llev&tion Above Tide 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 198 199 200 201 202 203 203A 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 tit 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 233A 234 235 236 837 238 239 240 | 241 | 243 1 M , 245 246 1 Mary J. Small No. 3479 J. R. Dennison No. 3508 L. G. Garrett No. 2529 Greenbrier (Dodd'ge) Greenbrier (Dodd'ge) Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Hope Hope Hope Pgh & W Va 1149L 1225B 1226L 1240B 1205B 1105B 1085B 1220B 1035B 1090B 1160B 1115B 1180B 1190B 1130B 1230B 1270B 1075B 1250B 1110B 1140B 1140B 1330B 1200B 1265B 1165B 1305B 1I35B 935B 1060B 1005B 1195B 1175B 985B 960B 980B 1175B 880B 1260B 880B 1025B 975B 980L 908L 985B 1185B 1045B 1180B Ella Bennett No. 1927 M T Law No 1926 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Pgh & W. Va. .. Pgh & W Va C A Straley No 1 G W Waggoner No 4144 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Pgh & W Va . Clark White No. 54 Caroline Minter No. 4052 Caroline Minter No 2472 Reserve Pgh. & W. Va Pgh & W Va F M McKinley No 1 Geo. C. Francis No. 2 Geo. C. Francis No. 1919 J. L. Gall No. 1 Pgh. & W. Va Pgh. & W. Va F. M. McKinley No. 3 T. W. Chandler No. 1963 A. H. Kemper No. 1906 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Pgh. & W. Va '.... Pgh. & W. Va Pgh. & W. Va Hope ... A H Kemper No 4200 Freemans Creek R. S. Kemper No. 1636 Michael Fahey No. 1 Freemans Creek Hope Ellen Joyce No. 471 Patrick Faherty No. 1 Timothy Joyce No. 2 '7reemans Creek South Penn South Penn i Timothy Joyce No. 1 Thos. Fahey No. 4 "Yeem ns Creek preem ns Creek Freem ns Creek Freemans Creek South Penn ' South Penn South Penn John Leyden No. 2 John Leyden No. 1 South Penn Grant Gum No. 2 Freeman i Creek . . ^reeman Creek Freeman Creek South Penn Theresa Gum No. 3 Pat Walsh No. 3 South Penn Pat Walsh No. 2 ^reeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Pat Walsh No. 1 Theresa A. Gum No. 1 Theresa A. Gum No. 2 South Penn South Penn }ohn Leyden Hrs. No. 41 . . oseph Gum No. 1 A. F. Gum No. 1 Hope Hope Wm. Woofter No. 4229 Leeman Cheuvront No. 4142.. Freeman Creek Freeman Creek Pittsburgh & W. Va. . . Pittsburgh & W. Va A. F. Gum No. 1 J. M. McCluster No. 1874.. Freemans Creek .... Hope Henry Snyder No. 932 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Hope Hope Wm. Winans No. 19... W. M. Woofter No. 4270 I. Simmons No. 96 Crit White No. 210 Perry White No. 497 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Ht-eemans Creek Treemans Creek Kreemans Creek Freemans Creek 7reemans Creek Freemans Creek 7reemans Creek Hope Reserve Pittsburgh & W Va Reserve 1045B 1075B 1228L 1290L 1275B 955B 1100B 1230B 1110B 1005B 1290B Reserve Reserve W. B. Maxwell No. 1 ... FToy Wiseman No. 1 '.'. FToy Wiseman Addison Puffenbarger No 1289 Hope Hope Crit White «°Pe O. Cheuvront No. 4087 Ira Simmons No 1. M. G. Woofter No. 4228 M. B. Rilev No insn Freemans Creek Treemans Creek Preemans Creek Hope Pittsburgh & W. Va Gum et al Pittsburgh & W. Va Pittsburgh & W. Va 1200L WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Wells in Lewis County — Continued PITTSBURGH COAL Big Lime. Top "UP" Top Bern Sand Top Gordon bad. Top KM Sand. Top Total Depth PRODUCING SAND AND REMARKS No. on Hap II 185 " 186 187 188 189 190 [191 192 193 194 195 196 198 199 200 201 202 203 [203A 204 205 1 206 1207 208 1209 (210 |211 212 1213 814 |215 |216 |217 218 (219 220 221 1222 22.4 225 |226 1227 228 |229 |230 231 |232 |233 1233 A 1234 1235 236 237 |238 (239 |240 |241 |243 |244 245 246 Depth fop Ihickneis Feet 707 3 2114 2163 2112 2155 1990 1898 1740 1725 1320 1635 1690 2184 2229 2177 2220 2105 1974 1802 1815 1404 1715 1765 2500 2800 2975 I 3136 2252 2209 2835 3000 3045 2613 2421 2227 2395 2633 II Cow R., B. I., 30', & Gord. gas B. I. oil and gas Salt gas and oil; B. I. gas II Cow Run, B. I., Gord. gas; Gantz oil B. Lm. oil; B. I. and Berea gas.. B. Lime, B. I. and Fourth gas.. 725 730 608 475 283 260 ,; 7 4 3 2814 2668 2551 2395 2355 '2318" 2355 "2606" 2193 2577" 2420 2275 1980 2025 Salt oil; G. Stray and Gord. gas. Gordon and Fifth gas B. I and Berea gas Salt oil & gas: Berea & 5th gas.. 230 4 1 Gas 1845 1908 2*215 2215 B. I. and Berea gas 602 8 2055 | 2115 2691 2724 „ . o o g 608 "760 " 820 695 ' 'eso ' ' 4 2080 2142 2450 2734 3047 Berea and Gordon gas 5 "V 5 " '7' 2160 "2256" 2120 2180 2040 2244 2045 1955" 1920 2110 2110 2220 '232o" 2180 2245 2120 2310 2105 1900 2006 1985 2190 2165 2543 "2619" 2490 2555 2451 2609 2412 "2344" 2296 2504 2481 '.'.'.'. '. '. '. 2800 '3027" I 2640 3033 2609 | 2474 2647 ! 3010 12025 2371 2316 | 2531 2506 | Berea gas Gas . Berea oil Big Lime and Berea oil '2725" '2915" | ::::::: 610 "542" 5 '"5 Berea oil 687 670 5 7 1 Berea oil rea o 452 445 652 8 6 7 1850 1925 1831 | 1970 2100 | 2150 1710 1765 2233 2257 2458 2075 2530 2710 2836 2281 2481 2095 p J .. , 1 1770 1725 1830 | 2124 1775 20SO 1 2672 | 2382 | B. Lm. oil; B. I. and Berea gas. Berea. 30' gas 248 6 | | [ | 1545 '1878" 1790 1690 2077 1276 1495 1695 1770 'l592 1634 '1933" 1860 1800 2131 | 1326 1545 1745 1820 |'l634 j ' 2237' ' 2144 '2426 1644 1820 '2194" 2202 | 2432 I 2651 I B. I. oil show; Gord. gas; Fifth 2459 2315 2723 1953 2158 2375 2496 2265 2479 2558 2810 2183 2203 2430 2576 Big Lime oil show; Berea gas... B. Lm., Berea, G. Stray & Gord. 180 616 e" ""«" 6 2536 Gordon and Fifth gas Big Injun, Berea and Gord. gas. B. I., G. Stray and Gord. gas... Gordon Stray and Gordon gas... Gas. Salt and Gordon gas B. L, Squaw, 30', G. Stray and 2159 "236" 293 2472 2517 !2637 2703 Fifth gas . . 1920 1835 | 1980 2303 1890 2210 2517 Berea and Gordon Stray gas L. D., Berea, G. Stray and Gord. | 1 1 1 ! 2990 2475 2168 | 2228 2065 j 2125 2510 2426 B. I. oil; Berea and G. Stray gas Big Injun and Berea gas :::::::i:::::::i 192 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas No. on mpll FIRM NAME AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWNER evation Above Tide *47 | 248 249 250 | 251 252 253 254 | 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 281 282 282 A 284 285 287. 287A 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 Maxwell Hrs. No. 9 Alkire Bros. No. 9 Alkire Bros No. 2 M & B McDonnell No. 5 Freemans Creek •Yeemans Creek "re'emans Creek •"reemans Creek Freemans Creek "reemans Creek rreemans Creek ^reeman Creek "reeman Creek Mreeman Creek Freeman Creek Freeman Creek "rude 850B 850B 845B South Ptnn G. A. Brown No. 1 Elizabeth Boyle No. 1 M. & B. McDonnell No. 2 M. & B. McDonnell No. 6 Dennis Conroy No. 6 Dennis Conroy No. 4 Dennis Conroy No. 3 Wm. Walsh No. 5 South Penn South Penn South Penn 945B 845L 840B 890B 940B S60B 925B 905B 930B 925B 810B 835B S30B 825B 920B 905B 910B 1040B 900B 805B 805B 800L -05 L 810B 1038L 1050L 807L 905B 1030B 802L 1085B 1110B 800B 790B 840B 920B 9R5B 865B 1000B 960B 990B 1040B "1005B 1075B 9SOB 1075B 11S5B inooB inooB iiosB I 1195B 1145B 1160B loooB 1240B 1175B 1020B 1125B OfioB loooR 905B South Penn South Penn South Penn South Penn Wm. Walsh No. 1 Wm. Walsh No. 2 "reemans Creek <"reemans Creek South Penn South Penn John Gamp No. 1 Cove (Doddridge) "reemans Creek ?reemans Creek 9 330 7 1720 2166 2189 Berea oil 250 655 5 2108 2150 2468 2780 3088 251 453 5 1885 1940 2272 2305 Berea oil 252 253 . 254 1885 2228 2274 "R '1 255 450 5 1850 1950 2280 2300 Berea oil 256 257 258 4S7 1910 1950 2323 2375 259 260 261 1730 2165 2200 [*' *1 262 385 5 1840 2210 2266 Berea oil 263 264 i ?,65 498 6 1908 I960 2332 2387 266 445 7 1870 1920 2277 2302 267 447 7 1835 1910 2280 2308 ~n *1 268 570 10 2061 2077 2403 2430 Berea oil 269 450 5 1880 1950 2285 2316 970 315 8 1760 1810 2160 2191 Berea oil 271 272 294 § 1700 1735 2153 2703 273 306 7 1738 1808 2154 2185 274 324 1738 2171 2307 275 551 5 2025 2060 2405 2430 276 2045 2087 2427 2454 277 315 425 1860 1710 1920 2160 2268 2186 2311 Berea oil Berea oil 278 279 1941 1970 23] 8 2830 281 300 g 1800 2145 2177 282 282^ 567 3 2050 2426 2462 240 5 1677 1735 2102 2690 Dry hole 984 285 287 2010 2330 2384 287J 288 336 1895 2190 289 A 1920 1965 2350 2385 290 291 2347 2382 292 2080 2422 2490 293 535 7 1940 2000 23SO 2410 Berea oil 2477 295 445 1905 1955 2040 2209 2404 2319 2420 Berea gas 296 297 2555 Berea oil 298 2323 2355 299 • • -1 | ,, 3(10 2205 257° 3023 | | 3058 301 2507 2574 802 2535 P "I 308 304 * ^7* * 2449 T> '1 305 , o /o 2623 300 751 2108 2153 2490 2520 307 1965 2320 2335 Keener oil show; Berea gas 308 570 378 365 224 8 S 5 6 2040 1767 1840 1700 2085 1872 1895 1715 2437 2221 2229 2104 2414 '2706" ::::::: 2452 | 2882 !2889 2680 Berea gas Big Thjun oil; Berea gas Gordon Stray gas show Dry hole 309 310 311 312 194 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas No. on Map II FARM HAME AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWNBR llevation Above Tide SIS 313A 314 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 350A 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 Isaac M. Hmzman No. 729 Osborne Hrs. No. 3536 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Hope 1105B 865B 950B 940B 1300B 900B IIOIOB I 1315B 1315B 980L 930B 1030B 1015B 980B 1010B 1015B 975B 952L 1010B 1215B 1098L 1120B 925B 937L 905L 900L 1190B 877L 945B 875B 96.0B Jesse Brown Hrs. No. 1261 Hope John Hines No. 3475 Freelnans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Hope M. B. Riley No. 2 Sarah Puffenbarger No. 2864 Joseph Fallen No. 1 Pittsburgh & W. Va Hope Guffey Hope Wm. Fallen No. 2471 P. M. Lohan No. 486 Peter M. Dorsey No. 1260 John W. Dorsey No. 1 John Casey No. 9 M. L. Waldeck No. 2482 ,. Waldeck & Casey No. 3472 | Thomas Casev No. 1 Timothy Kerrigan No. 230 Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Pittsburgh & W. Va Carnegie Hope Hope Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Hope Hope Hope Reserve Reserve Reserve O. P. Baker No. 56 Fre mans Creek Reserve Amanda Butcher No. 251 O. C. Woofter No. 1803 F A Mertz No. 156 Fre mans Creek Fre mans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Freemans Creek Courthouse Reserve Hope Reserve Perry T. Woofter No. 229 Jacob Gissy No. 1802 R. Gissy No. 158 J. J. Kennv No. 1245 John Alkire No. 1 Peter Allman No. 1 J. M. Jarvis No. 3462 J. B. Bohr No. 471 Hope Hope Hope Pittsburgh & W Va 953L 985B 845B 830B 797L 825B 1000B 945L 915B 1010L 985B 1030B 1145B 8956 990B 790B 880B 885B 1070B 1170B 1055B 11SOK 1200B 830B 847L 860B 885B 815B Carnegie Pittsburgh & W. Va Pittsburgh & W. Va Carnegie ^ydia Allman No. 4266 W. B. Maxwell No. 2008 Erma Woofter No. 472 Wesley Knapp No. 1 Robert A. Kraus No. 1 Martin Kenny No. 1244 B. L. Kraus No. 242 Henry Stark No. 3603 South Penn Sopl I::::::::::::::::::::::: Hope I Edith S'tark No. 3504 John Dempsey No. 472 Kasper Kraus No. 1 James Bennington No. 1 Wm. E. Donlan No. 2 Reserve Reserve Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse Courthouse South Penn Michael Copley Hrs. No. 1 '. Michael Coplev Hrs. No. 2 Tohn Coplev No. 1 J. H. McCr'ay No. 1 C. Turner No. 4 T. McLaughlin No. 2012 R. F. Romine No. 1 \ Barney Bohen No. 1 Barney Bohen No. 3 Barney Bohen No. 5 Timothy Rafferty No. 3495 Michael Mullady No. 1901. . T. G. Smith No. 1 South Penn South Penn South Penn South Penn Guffey Guffey Pittsburgh & W. Va South Penn U. S. Oil U. S. Oil U. S. Oil Hope Pittsburgh & W. Va Crude .; WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 195 Wells in Lewis County — Continued PITTSBURGH COAL Big Lime. Top •UP Top Berea Sand. Top Gordon Sand. Top Fifth Sand. Top Total Depth PRODUCING SAND AND REMARKS No. on Hap II ^ Thickness Feet 1617 1936 1380 1702 1679 2005 1445 1753 2038 2345 2090 2352 2582 845 Gord oil •)0^tn gas . . 356 8 B. r^Gord. & 5th gas 1905 1800 2082 1845 1850 1955 1880 2132 1905 1930 2543 2683 2763 2536 P C*. a O.J.Q 231 "232" 227 5 '"5 5 2478 2740 2506 2512 2721 2492 2663 2696" 2898 2673 Salt 4th oil; G. Stray, Gord. 5tli R T Rr C1 t\ on branch of Left Fork, 2.0 miles east of Churchville; authority, Pittsburgh and W. Va. Gas Co. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 616 622 Sand, Moundsville 1005 1017 Sand, Little Dunkard 1110 1145 Sand, Gas 1330 1420 Sand, Second Cow Run (water, 10 bailers, 1430'). 1424 1510 Sand, Salt 1535 1565 Sand, Salt 1688 1750 Sand, Salt (oil, 1791'; gas, 1798') 1788 1832 Little Lime 2037 2057 Big Lime 2077 2131 Sand, Big Injun (little gas, 2189') 2131 2278 298 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Berea (gas, 2420-30') 2420 2440 Sand, Thirty-foot 2621 2641 Sand, Gordon Stray 2687 2709 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2747') 2723 2752 Total depth 2810 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 475'; 8%", 1531'; 6%", 2135'; 5 3/16", 2693'. I. Simmons No. 96 Well Record (234). Freemans Creek District; on Isaacs Fork, 0.6 mile west of Free- mansburg; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 4, 1905; ele- vation, 1045' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 400 420 Burning Springs Sand 440 465 Little Lime 1195 1255 Pencil Cave 1255 1276 Big Lime 1276 1326 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1345') 1326 1485 Berea Sand 1644 1658 Thirty-foot Sand 1848 1860 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 1937') 1926 1948 Gordon Sand (gas, 1955') 1953 2003 Fifth Sand (gas, 2160-72') 2159 2177 Total depth 2183 Crit White No. 210 Well Record (235). ' -1 Freemans Creek District; on Left Fork, 2.0 miles west of Free- mansburg; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Jan 15, 1910; ele- vation, 1075' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 400 Little Dunkard Sand 445 Burning Springs Sand 570 640 Gas Sand 680 780 Salt Sand 876 975 Maxton Sand 1210 1240 Little Lime 1450 1475 Pencil Cave 1475 1495 Big Lime 1495 1545 Big Injun Sand 1545 1740 Berea Sand 1820 1840 Thirty-foot Sand 2015 2035 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2122') 2122 2150 Gordon Sand (gas, 2181', 2190', 2196') 2158 2200 Total depth 2203 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 299 Perry White No. 497 Well Record (236). Freemans Creek District; on Left Fork, 1.0 mile southeast of Churchville; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed in 1914; eleva- tion, 1228' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 149 152 Coal, Pittsburgh 230 236 Sand, Little Dunkard 680 730 Sand, Big Dunkard 760 880 Sand, Gas (gas, 980') 885 985 Sand, Second Cow Run 1050 1125 Sand, Salt (water, 1055') 1130 1380 Sand, Salt (gas, 1485') 1400 1490 Little Lime 1660 1685 Pencil Cave 1685 1695 Big Lime 1695 1745 Sand, Big Injun 1745 1900 Sand, Squaw 1910 1970 Sand, Berea 2030 2050 Sand, Fifty-foot 2235 2257 Sand, Thirty-foot 2301 2320 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2379' and 2405') 2375 2405 Total depth 2430 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 180'; 8", 1045'; 6%", 1751'; 5 3/16", 2306'; 21/10" mercury in 5 3/16" casing, 2306'; rock pressure too much for 500 Ib. gauge in 12 hours; volume, 7,500,000. A. A. Rohrbaugh No. 3507 Well Record (237). Freemans Creek District; 1.0 mile south of Churchville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 20, 1914; elevation, 1290' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Redstone Coal 262 267 Pittsburgh Coal 293 299 Little Dunkard Sand 720 770 Big Dunkard Sand 790 900 Gas Sand 912 1115 Second Cow Run Sand 1120 1240 Salt Sand 1445 1575 Maxton Sand 1590 1620 Little Lime 1741 1765 Pencil Cave 1765 1770 Big Lime 1770 1820 Big Injun Sand (oil and gas, 1925' and 1931') 1820 2004 Squaw Sand 2012 2080 Berea Sand 2194 2212 Fifty-foot Sand 2313 2332 Thirty-foot Sand (gas, 2398') 2390 2409 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2467' and 2482') 2465 2493 Gordon Sand (gas, 2508-14') 2496 2515 Total depth 2516 3OO PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The four following wells are located along Isaacs Fork of Fink Creek, west of Churchville : Hoy Wiseman No. 1 Well Record (239). Freemans Creek District; on Isaacs Fork, 0.3 mile west of Church- ville; authority, Grit White; elevation, 955' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 323 390 Sand, Big Dunkard 522 562 Sand, Gas 632 720 Sand, Second Cow Run 828 1057 Sand, Salt 1059 1146 Sand, Salt 1265 1395 Little Lime 1558 1572 Pencil Cave 1572 1592 Big Lime 1592 1634 Sand, Big Injun 1634 1822 Sand, Squaw 1828 1845 Sand, Thirty-foot 2203 2253 Sand, Gordon Stray 2272 2302 Sand, Fifth (gas, 2474' and 2486') 2472 2490 Total depth 2517 Addison Puffenbarger No. 1289 Well Record (241). Freemans Creek District; 1.2 miles west of Churchville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 3, 1909; elevation, 1230' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 8 Little Dunkard Sand (gas, 825') 815 842 Big Dunkard Sand 890 950 Burning Springs Sand , 1000 1094 Second Cow Run Sand 1250 1350 Salt Sand 1436 1506 Salt Sand 1560 1645 Little Lime 1885 1900 Pencil Cave 1900 1920 Big Lime (gas, 1940') 1920 1980 Big Injun Sand 1980 2088 Squaw Sand 2105 2175 Berea Sand (gas, 2305') 2303 2316 Thirty-foot Sand 2495 2510 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2609-12') 2606 2624 Total depth 2637 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 3OI O. Cheuvront No. 4087 Well Record (243). Freemans Creek District; on branch of Isaacs Fork, 1.5 miles west of Churchville; authority, Pittsburgh & W Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1110' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 312 314 Sand, Moundsville 710 725 Sand, Little Dunkard (show gas) 775 805 Sand, Big Dunkard ; 820 875 Sand, Gas 940 1040 Sand, Second Cow Run 1080 1155 Sand, Salt 1210 1285 Sand, Maxton 1545 1635 Big Lime 1835 1890 Sand, Big Injun 1890 2010 Sand, Squaw .2015 2040 Sand, Berea (gas) 2210 2225 Sand, Thirty-foot 2408 2426 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas show) 2487 2498 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2517 2537 Sand, Fourth 2561 2568 Sand, Fifth 2672 2677 Total depth 2703 M. G. Woofter No. 4228 Well Record (245). Freemans Creek District; on Isaacs Fork, 1.5 miles northwest of Churchville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1290' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 375 377 Coal, Pittsburgh 680 682 Sand, Little Dunkard 1030 1100 Unrecorded and shale 1100 1350 Sand, Gas 1350 1430 Sand, Second Cow Run 1430 1610 Unrecorded and shale 1610 1810 Sand, Maxton 1810 2010 Big Lime 2168 2228 Sand, Big Injun (oil show) 2228 2401 Sand, Berea (gas) 2510 2535 Sand Fifty-foot 2700 Unrecorded and slate 2720 ' 2815 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2815 2830 Sand, Fourth 2971 2976 Total depth The following well was drilled farther west, near the Fink Oil Pool: ^O2 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. M. B. Riley No. 1930 Well Record (246). Freemans Creek District; on branch of Alum Fork, 1.0 mile east of Dry Fork; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1200' L Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Big Dunkard 1035 1115 Sand, Burning Springs 1170 1230 Sand, Gas 1240 1300 Sand, Salt 1522 1557 Sand Maxton 1735 1855 Big Lime 2065 2125 Sand, Big Injun (gas) 2125 2260 Sand, Berea (gas) 2426 2444 Total depth 2475 The eight following wells are located in the neighborhood of Dry Fork village and are in the heart of the Fink Oil Pool. Most of them have been oil producers from the Berea Sand : Maxwell Heirs No. 9 Well Record (247). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of Dry Fork; authority, South Penn Oil Co. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 545 550 Sand, Big Dunkard 1115 1200 Sand, Second Cow Run 1450 1525 Sand, Salt 1700 1780 Big Lime 2000 2050 Sand, Big Injun 2050 2180 Sand, Berea (gas, 2376-86') 2375 2392 Slate to bottom 2392 2395 The above record was formerly published in Volume I (A), page 365, of the Survey Reports. M. and B. McDonnell No. 5 Well Record (250). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, at Dry Fork; authority, South Penn' Oil Co. ; elevation, 845' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 330 337 Sand, Big Dunkard 890 930 Sand, Second Cow Run 1240 1340 Sand, Big Injun 1720 1820 Slate 1920 2166 Sand, Berea (oil, 2173') 2166 2183 Slate to bottom 2183 2189 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 303 G. A. Brown No. 1 Well Record (251). Freemans Creek District; on branch of Fink Creek, 1.2 miles north- east of Dry Fork; authority, South Penn Oil Co. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 655 660 Sand, Little Dunkard 1090 1155 Sand, Second Cow Run 1520 1615 Big Lime 2108 2150 Sand, Big Injun (oil show, 2154') 2150 2300 Sand, Berea 2468 2490 Sand, Gordon Stray 2680 2695 Sand, Gordon 2780 2794 Sand, Bayard 2975 2976 Total depth 3088 The above well, the record of which was previously pub- lished in Volume I (A), page 366, of the Survey, made no oil in the Berea and only a show in the Big Injun Sand, being classed as a dry hole. Elizabeth Boyle No. 1 Well Record (252). Freemans Creek District; 1.0 mile N. 15° E. of Dry Fork; author- ity, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 945' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 453 458 Big Dunkard Sand 1000 1050 Second Cow Run Sand 1355 1408 Big Lime 1885 1940 Big Injun Sand 1940 2090 Berea Sand (oil, 2282') 2272 2299 Slate to bottom 2299 2305 Dennis Conroy No. 6 Well Record (255). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.2 mile northeast of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 890' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Normantown 575 580 Big Dunkard Sand 920 965 Salt Sand 1315 1370 Salt Sand 1510 1610 Big Injun Sand 1885 2010 Berea Sand (oil, 2238') 2228 Total depth 2274 304 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Dennis Conroy No. 4 Well Record (256). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.2 mile west of Dry Fork; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 940' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 450 455 Sand, Big Dunkard 960 1000 Big Lime 1850 1925 Sand, Keener 1925 1950 Sand, Big Injun 1950 2000 Sand, Berea (oil, 2290') 2280 2300 The above record was formerly published in Volume 1(A), page 367. of the Survey. Wm. Walsh No. 1 Well Record (259). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.2 mile northwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 427 Second Cow Run Sand 1261 Big Lime 1910 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2027') 1950 Berea Sand (gas, 2332') 2323 Total depth 2375 John Tierney No. 1 Well Record (263). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.7 mile southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 835' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 385 390 Big Injun Sand 1840 1966 Squaw Sand 1984 2080 Berea Sand (oil and water, 2220') 2210 Total depth 2266 The following well was drilled on a branch of Fink Creek about one mile northwest of the main oil belt, and has no other well near it. According to John T. Keely, it made 40 barrels the first day, 20 barrels the second, and averaged 1 barrel daily for the next 10 years, when it was abandoned : ll v^ 3 *0 J5 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 305 John T. Keely No. 1 Well Record (266). Freemans Creek District; 1.0 mile N. 5° W. of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 920' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 498 504 Big Dunkard Sand 1025 Gas Sand 1310 Second Cow Run Sand 1396 1451 Salt Sand 1675 1690 Big Lime 1908 1960 Big Injun Sand .1960 2090 Berea Sand (oil, 2350-60') 2332 Total depth 2387 The eleven following records are from the most western portion of the Fink Oil Pool, near the corner of Lewis, Gilmer and Doddridge. The pool extends a short distance up Big Buck Run into Doddridge: John Kenney No. 1 Well Record (267). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.6 miles southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 445 452 Little Dunkard Sand 845 880 Big Dunkard Sand 900 970 Gas Sand 1190 1230 Second Cow Run Sand 1295 1340 Salt Sand 1400 1500 Big Lime 1870 1920 Big Injun Sand 1920 2037 Berea Sand (oil, 2282-92') 2277 2301 Total depth 2302 Leopold Stadler No. 2 Well Record (268). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.6 miles southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 910' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 447 454 Little Dunkard Sand 805 850 Big Dunkard Sand 902 957 Gas Sand 1080 1160 Second Cow Run Sand 1290 1350 Salt Sand 1615 1650 Little Lime. . . 1795 1815 306 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 1835 1910 Big Injun Sand 1910 2010 Squaw Sand 2026 2136 Berea Sand (oil, 2292') 2280 2307 Total depth 2308 T. M. Bode No. 1 Well Record (269). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.8 miles southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1040' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 570 580 Moundsville Sand 958 1008 Little Dunkard Sand 1055 1085 Big Dunkard Sand 1135 1188 Second Cow Run Sand 1400 1460 Salt Sand 1490 1510 Maxton Sand 1832 1882 Little Lime 1940 1965 Blue Monday Sand 1965 2061 Big Lime 2061 2077 Big Injun Sand 2077 2193 Squaw Sand 2200 2333 Berea Sand (oil, 2414') 2403 2428 Total depth 2430 Leopold Stadler No. 1 Well Record (270). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 900' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 450 455 Sand, Big Dunkard 965 985 Sand, Second Cow Run 1245 1290 Sand, Salt 1300 1350 Little Lime 1820 1870 Big Lime 1870 1950 Sand, Big Injun 1950 2070 Sand, Berea (oil, 2290') 2285 2311 Total depth 2316 The above record was previously published in Volume I (A), page 365, of the Survey. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 307 Conrad Rastle No. 2 Well Record (271). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.1 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 805' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 315 323 Big Dunkard Sand 790 900 Salt Sand 1210 1300 Big Lime 1760 1810 Big Injun Sand 1810 1925 Berea Sand (oil, 2167') 2160 2177 Total depth 2191 John Rastle No. 1 Well Record (273). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.0 mile north of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 800' L. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 31 31 Sand 12 43 Red rock 76 119 Limestone 71 190 Slate 30 220 Limestone 20 240 Slate 15 255 Limestone 10 265 Slate 29 294 Coal, Pittsburgh 8 302 Slate 36 338 Sand, Connellsville 65 403 Red rock 125 528 Sand, Grafton 89 617 Slate 47 664 Red rock 38 702 Sand, Moundsville 30 732 Slate 21 753 Sand, Little Dunkard 39 792 Slate 23 815 Limestone 70 885 Limestone and shells 55 940 Slate 25 965 Limestone 32 997 Slate 20 1017 Gas Sand 83 1100 Slate 25 1125 Limestone 15 1140 Slate 30 1170 Sand, Salt 20 1190 Slate 7 1197 Sand, Salt 18 1215 Slate 45 1260 Sand, Salt 80 1340 Slate .. .67 1407 308 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 53 1460 Slate 10 1470 Limestone 20 1490 Slate 30 1520 Limestone 20 1540 Slate 75 1615 Sand, Maxton 15 1630 Limestone 30 1660 Red rock 2 1662 Limestone 18 1680 Sand 15 1695 Red rock 5 1700 Big Lime 35 1735 Big Injun Sand 196 1931 Slate 15 1946 Sand, Squaw : 114 2060 Slate 93 2153 Sand, Berea (oil, gas and water) 49 2202 Slate 5 2207 Limestone 33 2240 Slate and shells 463 2703 The above well, which was the first in the Fink Oil Pool, was drilled in 1894, its initial production being 15 barrels daily. In 1914 it was still producing 2^ barrels. This record was published in Volume I, page 257, of the Survey. The following well, the record of which was previously published in Volume I (A), page 366, of the Survey, made 15 to 20 barrels when drilled, but had declined to 1^ barrels daily in 1914. It starts 2 feet below the Washington Coal : Mary Albers No. 2 Well Record (276). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.1 miles north of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1038' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 551 556 Sand, Little Dunkard 1005 1050 Sand, Big Dunkard 1070 1205 Sand, Second Cow Run 1415 1455 Sand, Salt 1550 1630 Pencil Cave 1995 2000 Big Lime 2025 2060 Sand, Big Injun 2060 2180 Sand, Berea (oil, 2410'; water, 2415') ...2405 2430 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. T.CXJ John Rastle No. 2 Well Record (277). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.0 mile north of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1050' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 1103 1130 Salt Sand 1450 1484 Salt Sand 1580 1650 Big Lime 2045 2087 Big Injun Sand 2087 2190 Berea Sand (oil, light, 2434') to bottom 2427 2454 This record was published in the Doddridge-Harrison Re- port, page 385, of the Survey. Charles Fisher No. 1 Well Record (278). Freemans Creek District; on Sycamore Creek, 1.1 miles N. 10° W. of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 807' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 315 700 Sand, Moundsville, and unrecorded 700 845 Sand, Little Dunkard, and unrecorded 845 1710 Sand, Big Injun 1710 1915 Sand, Berea (oil and water, 2165') 2160 2186 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 298, of the Survey. S. H. Lowther No. 3 Well Record (279). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 1.1 miles northwest of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottoni. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 425 431 Moundsville Sand 810 850 Little Dunkard Sand 935 960 Second Cow Run Sand 1268 1305 Salt Sand 1425 1700 Maxton Sand 1830 1860 Big Lime 1860 1920 Big Injun Sand 1920 2015 Berea Sand 2268 2302 Total depth 2311 2io PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Mary E. Hall No. 2 Well Record (282). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, 0.8 mile northwest of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 802' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 300 308 Sand, Big Dunkard 900 950 Sand Second Cow Run 1210 1280 Sand! Salt 1420 1430 Sand, Big Injun 1800 1920 Sand, Berea (oil, 2155') 2145 2175 Total depth This well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 363, of the Survey, has a present production of 1 barrel daily. The record of the J. C. Marsh No. 1 (281), which was a dry hole, is published in the Hurst Section in Chapter IV, page 56. Efforts to extend the Fink Pool southward in the region of Hurst have, so far, proved unsuccessful. The Henry Hurst No. 1 (282 A), located on a branch of Little Cove Creek, 1.3 miles westward from Hurst, made a show of oil, but was abandoned as a dry hole. The following well made a show of oil: M. J. Lovett No. 2 Well Record (283). Freemans Creek District; 0.9 mile northwest of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1110' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 567 575 Big Dunkard Sand 1088 1175 Gas Sand 1310 1390 Salt Sand 1580 1675 Salt Sand 1695 1775 Maxton Sand 1862 1920 Little Lime 1950 1965 Pencil Cave 1965 1990 Big Lime 1990 2050 Big Injun Sand 2050 2173 Berea Sand (oil, 2440') to bottom 2426 2462 The following well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 364, of the Survey, was another dry hole in the same locality. The record shows no oil : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 311 M. J. Lovett No. 1 Well Record (284). Freemans Creek District; on Fink Creek, at Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 800' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 240 245 Sand, Big Dunkard 780 825 Sand, Second Cow Run 1105 1135 Big Lime 1677 1735 Sand, Big Injun 1735 1835 Sand, Berea 2102 2110 Slate to bottom 2110 2690 The F. O. Hudkins No. 1 (285), drilled by the Hope Nat- ural Gas Company, one-fourth mile south of Hurst, was re- ported to have made a show of gas, but its record was not secured. The W. S. and I. C. Means No. 1 (287), located 0.8 mile northeast of Hurst, made a show of oil, but was not shot or pumped. The following well was a producer from the Berea Sand: Otho Means No. 1 Well Record (287 A). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 0.9 mile N. 40° E. of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 920' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Little Clarksburg 474 480 Sand, Burning Springs 1000 1075 Second Cow Run Sand 1280 1300 Salt Sand 1400 1450 Keener Sand 1650 1665 Big Injun Sand 2010 2125 Berea Sand to bottom 2330 2384 The ten following wells, drilled along Straight Run, are along the edge of the oil producing zone of the Fink Pool, some of them on the south side being gas wells : A. T. Goodwin No. 1 Well Record (289). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 1.4 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 865' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 336 340 Sand. Big Dunkard 850 890 3 12 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet Sand Gas 1100 1150 Sand, Salt 1220 1340 Sand, Keener 1875 1895 Sand, Big Injun 1895 2050 Sand, Berea 2190 This record was published in Volume I (A), page 362. The well produced oil from the Berea Sand. A. T. Goodwin No. 3 Well Record (290). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 1.6 miles N. 50° E. of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1000' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 480 486 Big Dunkard Sand 1025 1040 Salt Sand 1365 1392 Salt Sand 1625 1650 Big Lime 1920 1965 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2077') 1965 2085 Berea Sand (oil, 2362') 2350 2380 Total depth 2385 G. E. Lowther No. 2 Well Record (292). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 1.6 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 990' B. Top. Bottom Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 479 487 Big Dunkard Sand 1003 1018 Salt Sand 1358 1383 Salt Sand 1590 1640 Big Lime 1942 2002 Big Injun Sand 2002 2104 Berea Sand (oil, 2357') 2347 2372 Total depth 2382 Present production, 10 barrels weekly. Emma Jones No. 1 Well Record (293). Freemans Creek District; 1.5 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1040' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet Coal, Pittsburgh 575 581 Sand, Little Dunkard 1000 1050 Sand, Salt 1550 1650 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 313 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 1700 1750 Big Lime 1975 2050 Sand, Big Injun 2080 2180 Sand, Berea (oil, 2423') 2422 2447 Total depth 2490 Present production, 3 barrels weekly. This record was published in Volume I (A), page 363, of the Survey. J. R. Lowther No. 2 Well Record (294). Freemans Creek District; 1.7 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1005' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 535 542 Sand, Salt 1450 1550 Big Lime 1940 2000 Sand, Big Injun 2000 2060 Sand, Berea (oil, 2390') 2380 2400 Total depth « 2410 Present production, 1 barrel daily. This record was published in Volume I (A), page 364, of the Survey. J. R. Lowther No. 1 Well Record (295). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 1-8 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1075' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 600 606 Salt Sand 1475 1530 Big Injun Sand 2140 2210 Berea Sand (oil, 2461') 2446 2462 Total depth 2477 Present production, 1 barrel daily. M. C. Marsh No. 90 Well Record (296). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 980' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 445 451 Sand, Little Dunkard 900 925 Sand, Second Cow Run 1225 1290 214 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand Salt 1325 1355 land! Salt 1570 1600 Pencil Cave 1895 1905 Big Lime 19°5 1955 Sand, Big Injun 1955 2075 Sand, Berea (gas, 2312') 2299 2319 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 365, of the Survey. W. H. Hurst No. 183 Well Record (297). Freemans Creek District; 2.3 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1075' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet Coal, Pittsburgh 554 560 Sand, Big Dunkard 1100 1145 Sand, Gas 1360 1380 Sand, Salt 1480 1550 Sand, Salt 1725 1740 Sand, Big Injun " 2040 2150 Sand, Berea 2404 2420 The above well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 363, of the Survey, was a gas well, pre- sumably in the Berea Sand. Joseph Krenn No. 3 Well Record (301). Freemans Creek District; 2.1 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1195' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Washington 150 155 Sand, Big Dunkard 1260 1320 Sand, Salt 1650 1675 Sand, Big Injun 2205 2330 Sand, Berea 2572 2596 Sand, Gordon 2893 2897 Sand, Fifth, and unrecorded, to bottom 3023 3058 The above well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 364, of the Survey, was reported to have been a dry hole. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 315 Joseph Krenn No. 7 Well Record (302). Freemans Creek District; on Straight Run, 2.3 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1195' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 660 Big Dunkard Sand 1220 1265 Gas Sand 1385 1415 Sand, Salt 1715 1755 Sand, Salt 1840 1890 Unrecorded (oil, 1920') 1890 2120 Big Lime 2120 2185 Big Injun Sand 2200 2310 Berea Sand 2507 2527 Unrecorded (oil, 2558') to bottom 2527 2574 The four following wells were drilled along the ridge be- tween Fink Creek and the waters of Leading Creek, and are in the edge of the Fink Pool: J. C. Starcher No. 2 Well Record (303). Freemans Creek District; 2.5 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1145' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 656 662 Sand, Big Dunkard 1150 1175 Sand, Gas 1310 1410 Sand, Salt 1535 1685 Sand, Keener 1965 1985 Sand, Big Injun 2010 2110 Sand, Berea (oil, 2511') 2501 2535 The above well was published in Volume I (A), page 365, of the Survey. U. F. Starcher No. 3 Well Record (305). Freemans Creek District; 0.6 mile southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1090' B. Top. Bottom Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 575 580 Big Dunkard Sand 1120 1145 Salt Sand '. 1425 1465 Salt Sand 1620 1650 Pencil Cave 2015 2025 Big Lime 2025 2070 Big Injun Sand 2075 2185 Berea Sand (oil, 2430') to bottom 2418 2449 316 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Maxwell Heirs No. 4 Well Record (306). Freemans Creek District; 0.4 mile southwest of Fink; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; completed in 1900; elevation, 1240' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 751 758 Big Dunkard Sand 1315 Second Cow Run Sand 1560 1575 Salt Sand 1675 1750 Maxton Sand 1930 1940 Big Injun Sand 2240 2365 Berea Sand (oil, 2610') 2598 Total depth 2623 Initial production, 200 barrels; present production, 2y2 barrels daily. U. F. Starcher No. 230 Well Record (307). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 0.6 mile southwest of Fink; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 29, 1901; elevation, 1175' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 1135 1145 Gas Sand 1435 1460 Second Cow Run Sand 1525 1585 Little Lime 2062 2090 Pencil Cave 2103 2108 Big Lime 2108 2153 Big Injun Sand 2153 2265 Berea Sand (gas, 2500') 2490 Total depth '. 2520 The seven following wells were drilled along Walnut Fork of Leading Creek, too far south to be in the oil zone, most of them being gas wells and some being dry holes : U. F. Starcher No. 188 Well Record (308). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 0.7 mile south of Fink; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 18, 1900; elevation, 1020' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 1012 1065 Gas Sand 1200 1240 Salt Sand 1360 1400 Maxton Sand (show of oil) 1700 1720 Big Injun Sand 1965 2075 Berea Sand (gas, 2332') to bottom 2320 2335 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 317 According to U. F. Starcher, the above well was a heavy gasser, with a rock pressure of 700 pounds. C. K. Gibson No. 73 Well Record (309). Freeinans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 2.4 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1125' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 570 578 Unrecorded (cave, 980') 578 1065 Sand, Little Dunkard 1065 1090 Sand, Big Dunkard 1130 1175 Sand, Salt 1505 1880 Red rock 1976 Big Lime 2040 2085 Sand, Big Injun 2085 2190 Sand, Berea, to bottom (gas, 2438') 2437 2452 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 362, of the Survey. C. K. Gibson No. 2424 Well Record (310). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 2.5 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 960' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 378 386 Sand, Connellsville 406 472 Sand, Little Dunkard (water, 490') 835 865 Sand, Big Dunkard. 898 945 Sand, Second Cow Run 1221 1269 Coal 1269 1273 Sand, Salt (salt water, 1250-5') 1273 1304 Sand, Salt 1560 1595 Red rock 1673 1753 Little Lime 1753 1759 Pencil Cave 1759 1767 Big Lime 1767 1812 Sand, Big Injun (oil, 1980') 1872 1997 Sand, Squaw 2000 2140 Sand, Berea (gas, 2229-35') 2221 2240 Sand, Gordon Stray 2533 2535 Sand, Fifth 2700 2706 Total depth 2882 L. O. Bailey No. 3506 Well Record (311). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 2.7 miles northeast of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1000' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 365 370 Unrecorded (no Little Dunkard Sand) 370 900 Sand, Big Dunkard 900 955 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Burning Springs ........................... 10J5 JJfO Sand, Second Cow Run .......................... l^10 ld55 Little Lime ..................................... Pencil Cave ......... .......................... 1828 1840 Big Lime ....................................... 184° 1895 Sand, Big Injun ................................. 1895 2000 Sand, Squaw. 2005 2140 Sand.Berea 2229 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas show, 2509') 2508 2510 Unrecorded to bottom (no Fifth Sand) 2510 2889 10" casing, 190'; 8%", 902'; 6%", 1914'; well was shot in Gordon Stray, without improvement; considered a dry hole. S. P. Leggett No. 1 Well Record (312). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 2.2 miles east of Hurst; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 224 230 Sand, Little Dunkard 680 720 Sand, Big Dunkard 765 825 Sand, Second Cow Run 1100 1113 Sand, Salt 1118 1134 Little Lime 1658 1673 Pencil Cave 1673 1683 Big Lime 1700 1715 Sand, Big Injun 1715 1860 Sand, Berea 2104 2124 Sand, Gordon 2414 2421 Total depth 2680 The above well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 364, of the Survey, was a dry hole, mak- ing only a show of gas. Isaac M. Hinzman No. 729 Well Record (313). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 2.0 miles east of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed June 19, 1905; elevation, 885' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Sand, Connellsville 175 215 Big Dunkard Sand (water, 710') 688 735 Salt Sand 1070 1100 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 319 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1185 1210 Salt Sand 1316 1340 Big Lime (water, 1632'; oil show, 1659') 1617 1679 Big Injun Sand 1679 1783 Berea Sand 2038 2048 Unrecorded (light gas, 2250') and shell 2048 2352 Gordon Sand (gas, 2355') 2352 2360 Total depth 2645 Osborne Heirs No. 3536 Well Record (3 13 A). Freemans Creek District; on Walnut Fork, 1.7 miles east of Hurst; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 31 1914; elevation, 1105' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 151 154 Pittsburgh Coal 480 485 Moundville Sand 830 850 Little Dunkard Sand 930 950 Big Dunkard Sand 994 1035 Second Cow Run Sand (water, 1420') .1302 1440 Salt Sand 1595 1710 Salt Sand 1765 1845 Little Lime : 1921 1931 Pencil Cave 1931 1936 Big Lime 1936 2005 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2^ bailers, 2065') 2005 2115 Squaw Sand 2138 2236 Berea Sand 2345 2362 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2558') 2553 2562 Gordon Sand 2582 2592 Fourth Sand (gas, 2655') 2654 2665 Total depth 3076 The ten following records represent a large group of wells drilled along the various branches of Alum Fork, all of which have been gas wells, with production ranging from the Salt to the Fifth Sand. They are all located along the western slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline: Jesse Brown Heirs No. 1261 Well Record (314). Freemans Creek District; on Alum Fork, 1.8 miles northeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co ; completed, July 7, 1909; elevation, 865' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 300 330 Big Dunkard Sand (oil show) 400 555 320 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet Gas Sand.. 679 709 Second Cow Run Sand 770 840 Salt Sand 865 906 Salt Sand -1055 1122 Salt Sand (gas, 1195' ; oil, 1205') 1195 1217 Little Lime 1355 1373 Pencil Cave 1373 1380 Big Lime 1380 1445 Big Injun Sand 1445 1598 Squaw Sand 1640 1738 Gordon Sand 2063 2084 Fourth Sand (gas, 2174') 2172 2179 Sand, Elizabeth 2424 2438 Total depth 2665 Conductor, 16'; &%" casing, 821'; 6%", 1506'; 5 &", 2067'. In the above record, the sand at 2424 feet comes 1044 feet below the top of the Big Lime, and about 200 feet below where the Fifth Sand belongs, and therefore probably represents the Seventh or Elizabeth Sand. John Hines No. 3475 Well Record (316). Freemans Creek District; on Alum Fork, 1.6 miles southeast of Dry Fork; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 15, 1914; elevation, 950' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 520 555 Big Dunkard Sand 675 730 Burning Springs Sand SOX) 850 Gas Sand 930 990 Salt Sand 1045 1190 Maxton Sand 1565 1605 Little Lime 1672 1682 Pencil Cave 1682 1702 Big Lime ..1702 1753 Big Injun Sand 1753 1875 Squaw Sand 1880 1940 Weir Sand 1980 2010 Berea Sand 2090 2105 Thirty-foot Sand 2300 2316 Gordon Sand (gas, 2407') 2405 2420 Fourth Sand (gas, 2458') 2453 2465 Total depth. .'. 2785 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 321 Joseph Fallen No. 1 Well Record (320). Freemans Creek District; 1.7 miles S. 60° W. of Churchville ; au- thority, Guft'ey and Galey; elevation, 1010' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 140 147 Sand, Graf ton, and unrecorded 440 695 Sand, Big Dunkard 695 711 . Coal, Upper Freeport 711 718 Sand, Burning Springs 718 730 Coal, Mercer 1001 1007 Little Lime 1660 1690 Pencil Cave 1690 1700 Big Lime 1760 1830 Sand, Fifty-foot, and unrecorded 2285 2352 Sand, Thirty-foot 2352 2356 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2369') 2369 2387 Unrecorded to bottom (no Fifth Sand) 2387 2646 10" casing, 174'; 8*4", 695'; 6%", 1830'; 2" 4% Ib. tubing, 2390'; top of plug, 2390'. John Fallen No. 973 Well Record (321), Freemans Creek District; at head of Alum Fork, 1.6 miles south- west of Churchville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 6, 1907; elevation, 1315' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 13 Little Dunkard Sand 900 906 Big Dunkard Sand 985 1014 Gas Sand 1230 1245 Second Cow Run Sand 1345 1442 Salt Sand 1445 1608 Salt Sand 1664 1694 Salt Sand (show of oil) 1755 1784 Maxton Sand .- 1810 1860 Little Lime 1955 1963 Pencil Cave 1963 1968 Big Lime 1978 2051 Big Injun Sand 2051 2160 Squaw Sand 2165 2210 Weir Sand 2210 2240 Slate 2294 2304 Sand shell 2304 2308 Berea Sand 2360 2380 Thirty-foot Sand 2560 2572 Gordon Stray Sand .2664 2670 Gordon Sand 2687 2704 Total depth 2705 322 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Wm. Fallen No. 2471 Well Record (322). Freemans Creek District; 1.5 miles southwest of Churchville; au- thority. Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1315' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 449 452 Sand, Big Dunkard 960 1010 Sand, Burning Springs 1060 1085 Sand, Gas 1130 1170 Sand, Salt 1315 1402 Sand Salt 1508 1580 Sand', Salt (oil show) 1717 1765 Big Lime 1972 2035 Sand, Big Injun (gas) 2035 2192 Sand, Berea 2367 2382 Sand, Thirty-foot 2559 2576 Sand, Gordon Stray 2643 2650 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2668 2685 Sand, Fifth 2878 2880 Total depth P. M. Lohan No. 486 Well Record (323). Freemans Creek District; on Alum Fork, 2.2 miles northeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 26, 1914; elevation, 980' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt (gas, 1280-9') 1280 1289 Pencil Cave 1481 1496 Big Lime 1515 1586 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1660-5') 1586 1690 Sand, Thirty-foot 2145 2162 Sand, Gordon 2252 2272 Total depth 2278 Conductor, 16'; 8%" casing, 878!' 8"; 6%", 1543'; 3" tubing, 2278'. Peter M. Dorsey No. 1260 Well Record (324). Freemans Creek District; on branch of Alum Fork, 2.7 miles north- east of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 7, 1909; elevation, 930' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Water, hole full 218 Little Dunkard Sand 445 455 Big Dunkard Sand (water, 565') 545 585 Burning Springs and Gas Sands 598 732 Salt Sand 865 940 Salt Sand 950 1050 Salt Sand (oil show) 1200 1210 Little Lime ...1400 1422 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 323 Pencil Cave 1422 Big Lime 1427 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1546') 1505 Squaw Sand 1570 Weir Sand 1725 Berea Sand 1840 Thirty-foot Sand 2120 Gordon Stray Sand 2155 Gordon Sand (gas, 2182') 2180 Fifth Sand .2370 Total depth Conductor, 16'; 8%" casing, 642'; 6%", 1510'; 5T3s Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. 1427 1505 1570 1670 1735 1900 2150 2165 2190 2505 2180'. John Casey No. 9 Well Record (326). Freemans Creek District; 2.3 miles N. 75C thority, Reserve Gas Co.; elevation, 1015' B. W. of Camden; au- Unrecorded (no Pittsburgh Coal) 0 Sand, Little Dunkard 425 Sand, Burning Springs 590 Sand, Second Cow Run 790 Sand, Salt 1230 Sand, Maxton (gas, 1422') 1420 Little Lime 1440 Pencil Cave 1450 Big Lime 1460 Sand, Big Injun 1560 Sand, Gordon Stray 2195 Sand, Gordon 2224 Sand, Fifth (gas, 2410') 2410 Total depth Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. 425 480 640 930 1260 1440 1450 1460 1560 1670 2224 2236 2435 2458 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 367, of the Survey. M. L. Waldeck No. 2482 Well Record (327). Freemans Creek District; 1.5 miles northeast of Alum Bridge; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, May 5, 1912; elevation, 980' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 455 533 Big Dunkard Sand 572 620 Gas Sand 777 805 Second Cow Run Sand Shells. Salt Sand 855 912 Unrecorded (gas, 1200') 912 1355 Maxton Sand ....-.., . . 1355 1383 ^24 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Lime 1470 1500 Pencil Cave 1500 1513 Big Lime 1513 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1560') 1558 1705 Squaw Sand (gas, 1780') 1745 1820 Thirty-foot Sand 2142 2156 Gordon Sand (gas, 2254-60') to bottom 2250 2270 Thomas Casey No. 1 Well Record (329). Freemans Creek District; 1.8 miles northeast of Alum Bridge; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, June 20, 1914; elevation, 1015' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 465 525 Big Dunkard Sand 555 625 Gas Sand 800 830 Second Cow Run Sand (gas, 925') 865 930 Salt Sand 960 995 Maxton Sand (gas, 1289') 1287 1313 Total depth The Camden Gas Station, of the Reserve Gas Company, located on Leading Creek, two miles west of Camden, com- pleted about January 1, 1915, contains two 1350 H. P. Snow tandem gas engines, making a total of 2700 horse-power, and is designed to pump gas to Sugar Grove, Ohio. The eleven following wells were drilled along Leading Creek and its tributaries, all of them being located near the crest of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline and all being gas pro- ducers from sands ranging from the Salt to the Fifth : Timothy Kerrigan No. 230 Well Record (330). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.5 miles west of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Apr. 20, 1910; ele- vation, 975' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 350 365 Big Dunkard Sand 415 450 Burning Springs Sand 490 560 Gas Sand 565 735 Second Cow Run Sand 747 955 Little Lime 1428 1453 Pencil Cave 1453 1465 Big Lime 1465 1510 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 325 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand 1510 1640 Squaw Sand 1680 1760 Berea Sand 1795 1810 Fifty-foot Sand 1900 1912 Thirty-foot Sand 1980 2010 Gordon Stray Sand 2075 2089 Gordon Sand (gas, 2184') 2182 2197 Fourth Sand (gas, 2213') 2212 2214 Fifth Sand (gas, 2377') 2375 2385 Total depth 2388 C. Z. Grant No. 143 Well Record (332). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 0.9 mile west of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Apr. 15, 1909; eleva- tion, 1010' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Sand, Grafton 80 125 Big Dunkard Sand 336 390 Gas Sand 426 544 Second Cow Run Sand 590 632 Salt Sand 784 830 Salt Sand 940 960 Salt Sand 1005 1025 Maxton Sand 1230 1265 Little Lime 1367 1382 Big Lime 1405 1465 Big Injun Sand 1465 1612 Squaw Sand 1620 1665 Berea Sand 1795 1815 Thirty-foot Sand 1860 1916 Gordon Stray Sand 2013 2033 Gordon Sand (gas, 2095' and 2106') 2085 2112 Total depth 2115 Samuel Jarvis No. 273 Well Record (333). Freemans Creek District; 1.1 miles south of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, June 10, 1910; elevation, 1215' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 512 547 Big Dunkard Sand ' 580 620 Burning Springs Sand 650 680 Gas Sand 710 760 Second Cow Run Sand 780 860 Maxton Sand 1510 1540 Little Lime 1570 1600 Pencil Cave 1600 1620 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. .1620 1680 sand ieso Squaw Sand. .1820 1861 Thirty-foot Sand 2235 2245 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2248') 2245 2275 Gordon Sand (gas, 2298') 2280 Fifth Sand to bottom (gas, 2475' and 2485') 2475 2500 Daniel Casto No. 16 Well Record (335). Freemans Creek District; on Sassafras Run, 1.6 miles S. 10° W. of Camden: authority, Reserve Gas Co.; elevation, 1120' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 20 Little Lime 1500 Big Lime 1520 1675 Sand, Big Injun 1675 1755 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2226-32') 2212 2292 Sand, Bayard 2451 2455 "Did 8,000,000 feet from Gordon while drilling through." The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 357, of the Survey. Mary Casev No. 12 Well Record (336). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.0 miles west of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 22, 1901; eleva- tion, 925' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 325 380 Burning Springs Sand 490 540 Second Cow Run Sand 680 820 Maxton Sand 1330 1340 Big Lime (small show of oil, 1401') 1360 1450 Big Injun Sand 1450 1560 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2090') 2080 2100 Gordon Sand (gas, 2120') 2120 2135 Fourth Sand (gas, 2140') 2135 2155 Total depth 2275 Amanda Butcher No. 251 Well Record (337). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.6 miles west of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, May 5, 1910; ele- vation, 937' L. Top. Bottom Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 355 375 Big Dunkard Sand 420 460 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 327 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Burning Springs Sand 600 620 Gas Sand 640 660 Second Cow Run Sand (gas, 820') 760 830 Maxton Sand (gas, 1328') 1327 1332 Total depth 1360 O. C. Woofter No. 1803 Well Record (338). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.5 miles northeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 905' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 310 350 Burning Springs Sand 465 500 Gas Sand 610 630 Second Cow Run Sand (gas, 735') 640 740 Salt Sand (gas, 765') 750 790 Salt Sand 980 1130 Little Lime 1345 1360 Big Lime (gas, 1390') 1380 1445 Big Injun Sand 1445 1565 Squaw Sand 1600 1690 Berea Sand 1790 1820 Fifty-foot Sand Shells. Thirty-foot Sand 1985 2005 Gordon Stray Sand 2075 2091 Gordon Sand (gas, 2110-15') 2105 2125 Fourth Sand Shells. Fifth Sand (gas, 2280-95') 2280 2295 Total depth 2300 Frank A. Mertz No. 156 Well Record (339). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.8 miles southwest of Camden; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, June 2, 1909; ele- vation, 900' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 290 338 Burning Springs Sand 456 489 Gas Sand 550 578 Second Cow Run Sand 620 645 Salt Sand (hole full water, 661'; showing gas, 805') 651 805 Salt Sand, (gas, 955') 925 955 Salt Sand 967 1123 Maxton Sand (gas, 1209') 1184 1211 Little Lime 1335 1353 Pencil Cave 1353 1380 Big Lime (showing of oil, 1405') 1380 1435 Big Injun Sand 1435 1559 Squaw Sand 1585 1694 ^28 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Berea Sand 1780 1805 Thirty-foot Sand 1976 1995 Gordon Stray Sand 2078 2087 Gordon Sand (gas, 2108-10') 2105 2121 Total depth 2127 Perry T. Woofter No. 229 Well Record (340). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.2 miles east of Alum Bridge; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, May 2, 1910; elevation, 1190' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 575 590 Big Dunkard Sand 645 700 Gas Sand 810 847 Salt Sand 990 1133 Salt 'Sand 1188 1308 Maxton Sand 1535 1610 Little Lime 1670 1700 Pencil Cave .1700 1717 Big Lime 1717 1772 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1772%") 1772y2 1900 Squaw Sand 1928 1980 Berea and Gantz Sands Shells. Fifty-foot Sand 2206 2240 Thirty-foot Sand ...2315 2340 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2445') 2439 2453 Gordon Sand (gas, 2465') 2463 2468 Fourth Sand 2515 2525 Fifth Sand (gas, 2625') 2615 2630 Total depth 2652 Jacob Gissy No. 1802 Well Record (341). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 2.2 miles southeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 877' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand, soft 240 260 Big Dunkard Sand, soft 320 440 Second Cow Run Sand, hard 640 720 Salt Sand ' 740 830 Salt Sand, hard 865 950 Salt Sand, hard (a little gas, 1080') 1020 1140 Sand, black, hard, Salt 1190 1140 Red rock 1310 1340 Little Lime 1406 1418 Big Lime (a little gas and oil, 1436') 1428 1495 Big Injun Sand (a little gas and oil, 1506') 1495 1600 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 32Q Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Gordon Stray Sand (gas and slight show of oil, 2126') 2125 2140 Gordon Sand 2150 2166 Fifth Sand (gas, 2315-25') 2315 2325 Total depth 2329 J. J. Kenny No. 1245 Well Record (343). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 0.9 mile southeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 875' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand (hole full water, 345') 315 380 Burning Springs Sand 505 532 Gas Sand 570 640 Second Cow Run Sand 645 698 Salt Sand 707 740 Salt Sand ' 950 1076 Salt Sand 1100 1130 Little Lime 1264 1300 Pencil Cave 1300 1315 Big Lime (oil— exhausted, 1362-5') 1315 1368 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1450') 1368 1490 Squaw Sand 1495 3685 Berea Sand 1725 1775 Thirty-foot Sand 1940 1960 Gordon Sand 2047 2054 Fourth Sand (gas, 2248') 2245 2251 Shell and slate 2251 3004 Conductor, 16'; 8%" casing, 776'; 6%", 1374'; 5&", 1946'. The record of the R. Gissy No. 158 (342) is published in the section for Alum Bridge, page 60. It made gas from the Salt, Big Injun and Gordon Sands. The five following wells represent a considerable number that have been recently drilled in the vicinity of Alum Bridge : Peter Allman No. 1 Well Record (345). Freemans Creek District; 1.0 mile northeast of Alum Bridge; au- thority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Grafton 540 570 Sand, Moundsville 600 690 Sand, Little Dunkard 715 745 Sand, Big Dunkard 800 830 Sand, Gas 860 1050 Sand 1700 1725 230 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Maxton, shells 1725 1765 Little Lime 1765 1785 Pencil Cave. 1785 1805 Big Lime 1805 I880 Sand, Big Injun 1SSO 1973 Sand SQTOW. 2035 2140 Sand, Berea, shells 2250 2262 Sand, Fifty-foot, shells 2248 2360 Sand, Thirty-foot 2425 2450 Sand, Gordon Stray 2480 2520 Slate 2520 2539 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2543-7') Conductor, 14"; 10" casing, 155'; 8*4", 985'; 6%", 1825': 7/10" water in 6%" casing; volume, 1,380,000 cu. ft. daily. J. M. Jarvis No. 3462 Well Record (346). Freemans Creek District; 0.1 mile north of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, June 15, 1914; elevation, 953' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 400 450 Big Dunkard Sand (water, 550') 475 590 Burning Springs Sand 620 665 Gas Sand 680 800 Second Cow Run Sand 805 925 Maxton Sand ...1360 1390 Little Lime 1415 1445 Pencil Cave 1445 1458 Big Lime (gas, 1475') 1458 1518 Big Injun Sand 1518 1655 Squaw Sand 1705 1735 Gordon Sand (gas, 2222') 2220 2236 Fifth Sand, shell 2360 Bayard Sand, shell 2475 Total depth 2528 J. B. Rohr No. 471 Well Record (347). Freemans Creek District; on Alum Fork, 0.4 mile north of Alum Bridge; authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 985' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pencil Cave 1520 1525 Big Lime 1525 1595 Sand, Big Injun (little gas, 1660') 1595 1705 Sand, Berea 1800 1825 Sand, Fifty-foot 1960 2000 Sand, Gordon Stray 2252 2265 Sand, Gordon (gas, 2282-7') 2279 2294 Total depth 2302 Conductor, 11'; 6%" casing, 1575'; 2" tubing 2302'; well com- pleted, Aug. 31, 1914. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 331 W. B. Maxwell No. 2008 Well Record (349). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 0.6 mile west of Alum Bridge; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 830' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Big Dunkard 480 500 Sand, Burning Springs 510 540 Sand, Gas 600 660 Sand, Salt 840 860 Sand, Salt 1040 1200 Sand, Salt 1230 1270 Sand, Maxton 1340 1350 Big Lime 1410 1480 Sand, Big Injun (gas) 1480 1580 Sand, Squaw 1690 1720 Total depth 2695 Erma Woofter No. 472 Well Record (350). Freemans Creek District; on Leading Creek, 1 mile southwest of Alum Bridge; authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 797' L. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 16" pipe 32 32 Lime, white 20 52 Red rock 100 152 Lime 15 167 Red rock 20 187 Slate, white 63 250 Coal, Bakerstown 3 253 Slate and shells, white 140 393 Sand, Big Dunkard 55 448 Lime 15 463 Slate, black 20 483 Lime 40 523 Slate and lime shells, white 57 580 Gas and Second Cow Run Sands 200 780 Slate, black 40 820 Sand, Salt, broken, black 125 945 Unrecorded 608 1353 Big Lime 70 1423 Sand Big Injun (little gas) 100 1523 Slate', white (water, 1545') 32 1555 Lime, white 20 1575 Sand, Squaw and Berea 185 1760 Slate and shells 323 2083 Sand, Gordon (soft and broken; not enough gas to see)...'. 10 2093 Unrecorded to bottom 237 2330 10" casing, 194'; 8", 928' 11". The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. .' -532 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The Wesley Knapp No. 1 (350A) well, drilled by the South Penn Oil Company one-half mile southeast of Leading Creek, was reported to have made a show of gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole. It starts 145 feet, by hand level, below the bench of the Pittsburgh Coal. The Robert A. Kraus No. 1 (351), drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company, on Crooked Run, 1.3 miles southward from Alum Bridge, was a light gas well, but was abandoned. It still supplies gas for domestic purposes in the Kraus farmhouse. The five follow- ing wells are located along Crooked Run just east of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline. The broken and uncertain charac- ter of the sands of the Catskill Series has made drilling a pre- carious proposition in this locality: Martin Kenny No. 1244 Well Record (352). Freemans Creek District; on Crooked Run, 1.2 miles southeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 31, 1909; elevation, 945' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Little Dunkard Sand 400 450 Big Dunkard and Burning Springs Sands 455 625 Gas Sand 660 686 Second Cow Run Sand 694 786 Salt Sand 790 928 Salt Sand (gas, 1132') 1068 1180 Big Lime 1390 1500 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1573') 1500 1630 Squaw Sand 1680 1810 Total depth (no more sands found) 2778 The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. B. L. Kraus No. 242 Well Record (353). Freemans Creek District; on Crooked Run, 1.5 miles south of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed Oct 18, 1901; elevation, 915' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little and Big Dunkard Sands 390 500 Unrecorded (gas, 695-800') 500 815 Second Cow Run Sand 815 920 Salt Sand '..1020 1180 Big Injun Sand 1470 1580 Gordon Stray Sand 2165 2170 Gordon Sand 2190 2195 Fifth Sand (gas, 2350') 2343 2349 Total depth 2419 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 333 The above well made only a small amount of gas from the Fifth Sand. The casing was pulled, but the gas is used for domestic purposes. Henry Stark No. 3503 Well Record (354). Freemans Creek District; on Crooked Run, 1.6 miles southeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 12, 1914; elevation, 1010' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 370 400 Little Dunkard Sand 490 530 Big Dunkard Sand 540 610 Second Cow Run Sand 850 995 Salt Sand 1085 1312 Maxton Sand (gas, 1482') 1480 1510 Little Lime 1530 1560 Pencil Cave 1560 1570 Big Lime 1570 1606 Big Injun Sand (oil, % barrel daily, 1631'; gas, 1631' and 1660') 1606 1691 Squaw Sand 1750 1805 Berea Sand 2005 2020 Fifty-foot Sand 2148 2156 Thirty-foot Sand, shells 2215 Fifth Sand (gas, 2448') 2447 2452 Total depth 2745 20/10" water in 2" casing; volume, 212,000 cu. ft. daily. Edith Stark No. 3504 Well Record (355). Freemans Creek District; 1.8 miles southeast of Alum Bridge; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 15, 1914; elevation, 985' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 388 435 Big Dunkard Sand 485 527 Gas Sand 584 638 First Salt Sand 678 720 Second Salt Sand 837 1028 Salt Sand (smell of oil and gas, 1260') 1180 1348 Maxton Sand 1447 1515 Little Lime 1564 1583 Pencil Cave 1583 1608 Big Lime 1608 1670 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1680') 1670 1752 Sand 1806 1890 Berea Sand 1990 2002 Total depth 3014 This well was abandoned as a dry hole. 334 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John Dempsey No. 472 Well Record (356). Freemans Creek District; on Crooked Run, 1.7 miles southeast of Alum Bridge; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, July 7, 1914; ele- vation, 1030' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 90') 0 605 Big Dunkard Sand 605 625 Gas Sand 765 785 Second Cow Run Sand 875 1040 Salt Sand (gas, 1331'; oil, 1355') 1173 1367 Total depth 1376 The above well made about 12 barrels of oil daily from the Salt Sand. Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Freemans Creek District. — In Freemans Creek District, almost the entire area has been tested and found good either for oil or gas, making it proba- ble that most of the good wells in the future will be drilled on farms which are already surrounded by good gas producers, but which have not yet been drilled. There is room for a large number of wells of this class where the financial risk wouid be smaller and the returns more certain than in wildcat terri- tory. Some small areas still remain untested, however, and the following are named as being favorable for new development : (1) A strip of territory, about one mile wide and three miles long, extending in a southwesterly direction from Lightburn toward Freemansburg, which, owing to its favorable location near the Wolf Summit Anticline, should produce a large num- ber of good gas wells in sands ranging from the Big Injun to the Fifth ; (2) A strip of territory, 1 mile wide and 3 miles long, lying next to the Doddridge Line, between Dry Fork and St. Clara, where the prospect seems favorable for an exten- sion of the Fink Oil Pool in the Berea Sand ; (3), In the west- ern part of the district, a section about 3 miles square sur- rounding the town of Vadis, which, owing to its location against the slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, looks fa- vorable for gas in sands ranging from the Berea to the Fifth ; (4). the southwest corner of the district, along the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, is favorably located from a structural stand- point for good gas wells and should not be condemned by the WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 335 presence of only one dry hole (350A), as these often occur in the midst of good producers. Detailed Well Records, Courthouse District. Courthouse District occupies the central western portion of Lewis next to Gilmer. The Grassland Syncline crosses it in a northeast-southwest direction a few miles north of its center, and along the southern border the Orlando Anticline and the Roanoke Syncline also cross it, the three structural features affording a considerable variation of underground conditions that favor the accumulation of oil and gas. Oil has been found in large quantity along the axis of the Grass- land Syncline, and also at scattered localities along the rising structure to the north, the principal producing sands being the Salt, Maxton, Gordon Stray, and Gordon, the latter sand hav- ing furnished more oil than all the others. Gas has been found along both sides of the Grassland Syncline, and also along the Orlando Anticline and the Roanoke Syncline, the axis of which occupies a much higher structural level than that of the Grassland Syncline, toward which the oil seems to have gravi- tated. The producing gas horizons range from the Salt to the Fifth Sand, much the greater portion of it being from the Catskill Series. Development has gone so far that almost the entire district may be considered good for either oil or gas, depending on structural conditions. Numerous farms still re- main untested and a large number of gas wells will eventually be drilled. The Copley Oil Pool. — One of the most spectacular dis- coveries of oil in the State was made along Sand Fork of the Little Kanawha River in the fall of 1900, when the South Penn Oil Company drilled the Michael Copley Heirs No. 1 (363) Well5 where the present village of Copley now stands. According to common report, the well had been drilled into the top of the Gordon Sand, the soft character of which led the drillers to believe that it might produce oil, and opera- 'Through erroneous information supplied to the State Geologist, the original well of this pool was described in Volume I (A), page 369, of the SurVey, as the John Copley No. 1, instead of the Michael Copley. The two wells stand within a few hundred feet of each other. 336 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. tions were suspended for the night. Early the next morning residents of the Copley farmhouse were awakened by noise from the well, which had drilled itself in during the night and was pouring a great stream of oil through the six-inch casing, the pressure being sufficient to throw the oil far above the top of the 84-foot derrick. Since this well was in wildcat territory, no tankage or pipelines were ready to receive the oil, and it flowed into the bed of Sand Fork Creek, which fortunately was almost empty of water on account of a protracted drought, and much of it was saved by making dams across the stream until pipelines could be laid. The most vigorous precautions were taken to prevent this lake of oil from catching fire, armed guards being stationed along the highways to warn people against lighting matches within the zone of the gaseous vapor. Accurate information is not available regarding the original production of this well, but employees of the South Penn Oil Company now living at Copley and those of the Eureka Pipe Line Company who laid the line to the well estimate it from 10,000 to 12,000 barrels daily, which makes it probably larger than any other well ever drilled in the State. The Copley Pool is situated along both sides of the axis of the Grassland Syn- cline, which at this point reaches its lowest structural level within the two counties, having a gradual downward slope along its axis from the Upshur Line 17 miles eastward. Pro- duction is entirely from the lower sands, the Gordon being by far the most prolific. The producing limits of the pool em- brace an area of six or eight square miles, within which 125 to 150 wells have been drilled. The following record, taken from Volume I (A), page 369, is that of the Copley gusher, which still produces 3 barrels of oil daily: Michael Copley Heirs No. 1 Well Record (363). Courthouse District; 2.2 miles northwest of Bealls Mills; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 790' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 140 Pencil Cave 1775 1800 B|9 Lime 1800 1895 Big Injun Sand 1895 2025 Gordon Stray Sand (oil, 2519') 2512 2524 Gordon Sand (oil) to bottom 2530 2530 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 337 The following well, taken from Volume I (A), page 373, which failed to find the Gordon Sand, and was a dry hole, shows a reason for the abrupt western termination of the pool : Wm. E. Donlan No. 2 Well Record (361). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 0.6 mile southwest of Copley; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 895' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 325 329 Sand, Big Dunkard 900 950 Pencil Cave 2000 2010 Big Lime 2010 2060 Sand, Big Injun 2060 2250 Sand, Gordon Stray. 2681 2686 "No Gordon or Fifth Sands." Volume I (A), page 370, of the Survey, gives the record of the B. F. Clayton No. 1 Well (362), located near the Copley gusher, 0.2 mile southeast of Copley, at an elevation of 990' B., by South Penn Oil Co. The seven following wells were drilled along Cove Lick and its lower branches, being located north of the Copley gusher : John Copley No. 1 Well Record (365). Courthouse District; on Cove Lick, 0.3 mile north of Copley; au- thority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 885' B. . Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 250 Sand, Big Dunkard 850 910 Sand, Second Cow Run 1040 1400 Pencil Cave ' 1895 1920 Sand, Big Injun 1975 2200 Sand, Gordon Stray 2609 2620 Sand, Gordon 2629 2645 The above well, the record of which is taken from Volume I (A), page 369, is located only a few hundred feet from the Copley gusher, but was only a light producer from the Gordon Sand. 338 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. J. H. McCray No. 1 Well Record (366). Courthouse District; on Cove Lick, 0.4 mile north of Copley; au- thority, Guffey and Galey; elevation, 1070' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 455 Sand, Gordon Stray 2811 2822 Sand, Gordon 2838 2850 Total depth : 2853 "Well filled up about 200' with oil from Stray Sand. Thought it would make 20 bbls. from Stray." Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 300'; 8^4", 1110'; 6%", 2224'. T. McLaughlin No. 2012 Well Record (368). Courthouse District; on branch of Cove Lick, 2.2 miles northwest of Bealls Mills; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1055' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Grafton 620 652 Sand, Big Dunkard 890 910 Sand, Burning Springs 1000 1035 Sand, Second Cow Run 1158 1200 Sand, Salt 1210 1295 Sand, Salt 1520 1560 Sand, Maxton 1808 1870 Big Lime 1984 2040 Sand, Big Injun 2040 2270 Sand, Squaw 2270 2300 Sand, Gordon Stray 2675 2685 Sand, Fifth (gas) and unrecorded to bottom 2880 2909 R. F. Romine No. 1 Well Record (369). Courthouse District; on Cove Lick, 0.9 mile northeast of Copley; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1180' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 500 505 Burning Springs Sand HOO 1190 B'9 Lime 2210 2330 Big Injun Sand 2330 2480 Gordon Stray Sand (oil, 2893') 2883 2898 Total depth 3098 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 339 Barney Bohen No. 1 Well Record (370). Courthouse District; on Cove Lick, 1.0 mile northeast of Copley; authority, United States Oil Co.; elevation, 1200' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. First Coal, Uniontown 275 Second Coal, Lower Uniontown 356 Coal, Pittsburgh 550 Big Lime 2275 2380 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 2450-2475') 2380 2480 Slate and shells 2480 2800 Sand, Gordon Stray (oil, 2907') 2905 2915 Sand, Gordon 2930 2936 The above well, the record of which is taken from Volume I (A), page 374, of the Survey, shows three coals, of which the Uniontown and Lower Uniontown are unusual in this locality. Barney Bohen No. 3 Well Record (371). Courthouse District; on Cove Lick, 1.1 miles northeast of Copley; authority, United States Oil Co.; elevation, 830' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. First Coal, Sewickley 75 Second Coal, (Redstone) 105 Pittsburgh Coal 140 Little Lime 1765 Pencil Cave , 1795 1805 Big Lime 1805 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1920') 1895 2105 Black slate 2105 2165 Sand, Squaw 2165 2190 Hard lime 2190 2215 White Sand, Berea 2215 2240 Hard lime and "boulders" (nuggets) 2240 2250 Slate 2250 2270 Hard lime 2270 2295 Slate 2295 2315 Hard and blue lime 2315 2365 Sandy lime 2365 2375 Black slate 2375 2405 Hard lime 2405 2415 Black slate 2415 2425 Red rock 2425 2435 Lime, shells and slate 2435 2460 Black slate 2460 2485 Gordon Stray Sand (oil) 2485 2495 Slate 2495 2505 Gordon Sand 2505 2517 Concerning this record, Dr. I. C. White says the follow- ing in Volume I (A), page 374: 34 hole formerly published in Volume I (A), page 373, of the Survey. The coal at 300 feet is evidently too high for the 354 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Pittsburgh, both by the surrounding structure and by its in- terval from the Big Lime: W. H. Dent No. 1 Well Record (414). Courthouse District; on Tomahawk Run, 0.8 mile south of Copley; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1115' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Lower Uniontown 300 Big Dunkard Sand 1050 1090 Pencil Cave 2080 2090 Big Lime 2090 2180 Big Injun Sand 2180 2400 Fifty-foot Sand .2640 2646 Thirty-foot Sand 2668 2673 Gordon Sand 2838 Total depth 3052 The following record, published in Volume I (A), page 370, of the Survey, is that of another comparatively dry hole in the same vicinity: James Murphy No. 2 Well Record (416). Courthouse District; on Butchers Fork, 1.3 miles southeast of Cop- ley; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1210' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 580 583 Little Dunkard Sand 1015 1030 Coal, Brush Creek 1105 1107 Big Dunkard Sand 1189 1234 Salt Sand 1840 1905 Big Lime 2200 2280 Big Injun Sand (little gas, 2400') 2280 2450 Gordon Stray Sand (gas and oil, 2887') 2886 2892 Gordon Sand (dry) 2904 2910 Fifth Sand (shell) (dry) 3070 Total depth..., 3127 "Shot with 20 quarts at 2857 feet. Filled up 50 feet with oil from Stray 24 hours after shot." The following well, drilled by Guffey and Galey, but now owned by the Pittsburgh & West Virginia Gas Company, is located far enough east on the rising structure to be in gas territory : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 355 James Murphy No. 1903 Well Record (417). Courthouse District; on Butchers Fork, 1.7 miles southeast of Copley; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 890' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Gravel and loose sand 30 30 Sand, soft, coarse, Sewickley 30 60 Slate 20 80 Sand 10 90 Slate and red rock 95 185 Lime 35 220 Red rock 20 240 Slate 40 280 Coal, small vein, Little Pittsburgh 280 Lime 10 290 Slate and shells .280 570 Slate and red rock 120 690 Coal, Brush Creek 690 Slate, black, and shells 95 785 Sand, white, very hard at top, Big Dunkard 45 830 Slate 60 890 Sand, Burning Springs 15 905 Coal, Upper Kittanning 12 917 Lime 21 938 Slate and shells 142 1080 Sand, Second Cow Run 30 1110 Slate, black 15 1125 Sand, white, Salt 50 1175 Sand, black 15 1190 Sand, white, Salt 30 1220 Shale, black 260 1480 Sand, white, Salt (little gas, 1532'?) 40 1520 Slate 30 1550 Sand 2(X1 Sand, dark 40 }• Salt 100 1650 Sand, white, hard, fine 40 J Red rock 25 1675 Slate, white, and shells 105 1780 Red rock 25 1805 Lime 20 1825 Red rock 20 1845 Slate 30 1875 Lime 10 1885 Slate, black 12 1897 Big Lime and Big Injun Sand 233 2130 Slate and shells 378 2508 Sand, Thirty-foot 11 2519 Unrecorded 19 2538 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2538') Unrecorded, slate and shells 212 2750 Unrecorded, and sand, Fifth 10 2760 Unrecorded 44 2804 Sand, dark, Bayard 6 2810 Unrecorded and slate to bottom 17 2827 10" casing, 182'; 8^", 690'; 6%", 1898'. oc6 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The following well, located on the ridge between Sand Fork and Butchers Fork and in the edge of the Copley Pool, is reported a 25-barrel producer: John Collins No. 4 Well Record (419). Courthouse District; 0.6 mile S. 15° W. of Bealls Mills; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1220' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 528 Big Lime 2198 2268 Big Injun Sand 2268 2453 Gordon Stray Sand 2843 2850 Gordon Sand (oil, 2876') 2871 2898 Fifth Sand 3061 3066 Total depth 3078 The three following are gas wells located along the head of Butchers Fork: John Collins No. 4016 Well Record (420). Courthouse District; on Butchers Fork, 2.0 miles north of Aspin- wall; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 950' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Elk Lick 528 531 Sand, Gas 966 985 Sand, Second Cow Run 1059 1095 Sand, Salt 1445 1500 Big Lime 1912 1970 Sand, Big Injun 1970 2145 Sand, Berea 2250 2281 Sand, Thirty-foot 2461 2484 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2526 2547 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2555 2573 Sand, Fifth (oil show) . . 2742 2762 Total depth 2795 Peter Gillooly No. 1986 Well Record (421). Courthouse District; on Butchers Fork, 1.5 miles northwest of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 15, 1909; elevation, 1035' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 795 847 Sand, Big Dunkard 885 925 Sand, Gas ...1030 1100 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 357 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 1285 1315 Sand, Salt 1495 1555 Sand, Salt 1665 1710 Sand, Maxton 1765 1865 Big Lime 1950 2005 Sand, Big Injun (gas show) 2005 2150 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) .2559 2575 Sand, Gordon, to bottom 2587 2597 Anne Connell No. 2075 Well Record (422). Courthouse District; head of Butchers Fork, 1.6 miles southwest of Gillooly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1215' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Big Dunkard 920 996 Sand, Gas 1120 1164 Sand, Second Cow Run 1245 1305 Big Lime 2070 2135 Sand, Big Injun 2135 2300 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2720 2742 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2742 2784 Sand, Fifth (gas) 2940 2946 Total depth 3081 The following well was drilled on Sand Fork just east of the oil zone. It produces gas from the Gordon Sand : James Hall No. 1 Well Record (423). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 1.0 mile southeast of Bealls Mills; authority, Guffey and Galey; completed, Feb. 1900; elevation, 845' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Elk Lick 403 Sand, Gordon Stray 2414 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2440 Sand, Fifth (small oil show, 2635') 2631 2644 Total depth 2678 10" casing, 248'; 8", 762'; 6%", 2025'. Several wells were drilled around Bealls Mills along the eastern edge of the Copley Pool. The record of the J. C. Col- lins No. 1 (428) is published in the section for Bealls Mills, page 62. The four following records are from this vicinity: 3||8 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John Gillooly No. 2 Well Record (424). Courthouse District; 0.9 mile east of Bealls Mills; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 1130' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal Pittsburgh 480 483 Moundsville Sand 850 875 Little Dunkard Sand 940 995 Burning Springs Sand 1045 1135 Gas Sand 1165 1240 Second Cow Run Sand 1340 1475 Salt Sand '• • • -1765 1850 Maxton Sand 1920 1982 Little Lime 2080 2097 Pencil Cave 2097 2117 Big Lime 2117 2172 Big Injun Sand 2172 2287 Squaw Sand 2287 2357 Weir Sand 2400 2418 Fifty-foot Sand 2660 2670 Thirty-foot Sand (gas, 2724') 2713 2730 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2753') 2741 2761 Fifth Sand (oil, light, 2942') 2940 2949 Total depth 2965 R. B. Shouldis No. 1 Well Record (425). Courthouse District; 0.5 mile southeast of Bealls Mills; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; completed in 1908; elevation, 825' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 625 690 Burning Springs Sand 750 860 Gas Sand 910 935 Second Cow Run Sand 1016 1055 Salt Sand 1124 1285 Salt Sand 1495 1570 Salt Sand 1575 1592 Maxton Sand .1632 1715 Little Lime 1727 1742 Big Lime 1760 1782 Big Injun Sand 1782 2017 Gordon Stray Sand (oil, 2442') 2435 2453 Total depth 2460 The above well had an initial production of 15 barrels daily, but has declined to 9 barrels weekly. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 359 Beall Heirs No. 1 Well Record (426). Courthouse District; at Bealls Mills; authority, Southern Oil Co. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 460 Sand, Grafton 700 745 Sand, Big Dunkard 990 1020 Sand, Salt 1500 1715 Sand, Maxton 1730 1745 Big Lime 2020 2125 Sand, Big Injun 2125 2245 Red rock 2635 Sand, Gordon Stray 2655 2675 Sand, Gordon (oil, 2755') 2745 2760 Sand, Fifth 2940 2942 Total depth 2956 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 371, of the Survey. J. C. Collins No. 5 Well Record (429). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 0.3 mile south of Bealls Mills; authority, Crude Oil Co.; elevation, 1220' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet, Coal, Pittsburgh 600 Sand, Big Dunkard 1160 Sand, Salt 1465 JLittle Lime 2175 Big Lime 2200 Sand, Big Injun 2440 Sand, Gordon Stray 2852 2862 Sand, Gordon, (oil, 2896') 2888 2909 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 372, of the Survey. The two following wells were drilled on Sleepcamp Run, well up on the slope of the Orlando Anticline. Well No. 430 made a show of oil in the Fifty-foot Sand, but its production soon declined. Both wells produce gas : 360 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John Finster No. 1921 Well Record (430). Courthouse District; on a branch of Sleepcamp Run, 0.8 mile N. 10° B. of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation. 995' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 430 480 Sand, Little Dunkard 500 550 Sand, Gas 710 730 Big Lime 1740 1835 Sand, Big Injun (gas show) 1835 1943 Sand, Berea (oil) 2180 2188 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas show) 2328 2346 Sand, Gordon Stray 2358 2398 Sand, Fifth, and unrecorded, to bottom 2558 2755 John Finster No. 1969 Well Record (431). Courthouse District; in Sleepcamp Run, at Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 915' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 440 490 Sand, Big Dunkard 610 640 Sand, Maxton 1475 1485 Big Lime 1625 1690 Sand, Big Injun (gas show) 1690 1860 Sand, Squaw 1865 1885 Sand, Fifty-foot 2175 2191 Sand, Thirty-foot 2221 2228 Sand, Gordon Stray 2235 2253 Sand, >ifth (gas) 2461 2467 Total depth 2533 Between the Grassland Syncline and the Orlando Anti- cline, there is a broad belt of fine gas territory where numei ous wells have been drilled. The four following records are from this region along Indian Fork: T. T. Dolan No. 7005 Well Record (432). Courthouse District; on Indian Fork, 1.2 miles northeast of Aspin- wall; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 925' B. Coal, Elk Lick 320 Sand, Little Dunkard 560 Sand, Burning Springs 710 Sand, Gas 773 Sand, Second Cow Run .'.' 900 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. 323 590 750 805 1020 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 361 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 1133 1280 Sand, Salt 1328 1410 Sand, Salt (gas, 1495') 1451 1500 Red rock 1590 1679 Little Lime 1679 1705 Big Lime 1745 1833 Sand, Big Injun 1833 1975 Sand, Fifty-foot 2250 2270 Sand, Thirty-foot 2284 2290 Sand, Gordon Stray (good gas, 2340') 2330 2351 Total depth 2355 10" casing, 145'; 8%", 790'; 6%", 1795'; 5&", 2333'. The following very detailed record was furnished the Sur- vey by Guffey and Galey who drilled the well several years ago. It is now the property of the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Company: Henry Pumphrey No. 1999 Well Record (434). Courthouse District; on Indian Run, 0.9 mile northwest of Aspin- wall, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, June 26, 1900; eleva- tion, 825' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 168 168 Red rock 100 268 Lime 32 300 Sand 5 305 Slate 35 340 Coal, Bakerstown 10 350 Red rock 150 500 Sand, white, Big Dunkard 30 530 Slate, white 25 555 Coal, Upper Freeport 10 565 Slate, white 10 575 Sand, white, hard, Burning Springs 100 675 Lime and slate 95 770 Slate, white 20 790 Sand, gray, Gas 10 800 Lime and gray sand, Second Cow Run 100 900 Shale, dark 20 920 Coal, Mercer 10 930 Sand, gray, hard, Salt 100 1030 Lime shells and slate 50 1080 Coal, Quakertown 5 1085 Shale, brown 20 1105 Slate, black 120 1225 Shale, dark 20 1245 Slate, black 15 1260 Sand, Salt 46 1306 Shale, black 14 1320 362 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL CIAS. Thickness Total Feet. j.' eet. Sand, Salt 75 1395 Lime, hard 55 1450 Sand, white, Salt 50 1500 Red rock 40 1540 Lime, hard , 20 1560 Red rock 30 1590 Lime rock 60 1650 Slate, black 50 1700 Sand, white, Maxton 25 1725 Little Lime, hard 25 1750 Slate 10 1760 Big Lime 140 1900 Sand, Big Injun 40 1940 Slate, black 10 1950 Sand, Squaw .- 75 2025 Shale and slate 50 2075 Shale, black 25 2100 Slate, white 25 2125 Slate and shells 45 2170 Slate, dark 40 221' Slate, white 100 2310 Shells, hard 5 2315 Slate, white 60 2375 Sand, Gordon Stray (little oil at bottom) 10 2385 Slate and shells 45 2430 Sand, gray, hard, Gordon 10 2440 Slate, white 35 2475 Shells, hard 3 2478 Slate 27 2505 Sand, black, Fourth 25 2530 Slate 55 2585 Sand, Fifth 15 2600 Slate 90 2690 Sand, black, Bayard 18 2708 Slate to bottom 17 2725 10" casing, 168'; 8%", 770'; 6%", 1794'. The following well made a minute rock pressure of 40 Ibs. and a considerable show of oil, but was abandoned : W. C. Mick No. 2018 Well Record (435). Courthouse District; 1.6 miles N. 45° W. of Aspinwall; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 23, 1910. Top. Bottom. , Feet. Feet. Sand, Big Dunkard 870 955 Sand, Gas 1010 1080 . Sand, Second Cow Run 1156 1226 Sand, Salt 1246 1286 Sand, Salt • .1312 1350 Sand, Maxton 1886 1912 \VES1 /IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 363 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 1987 2036 Sand, Big Injun 2036 2163 Sand, Squaw (oil show) 2166 2226 Sand, Gordon Stray 2584 2601 Sand, Gordon 2619 2634 Sand, Fourth 2650 2659 Sand, Fifth 2798 2801 Total depth 2914 Granville Meeks No. 4014 Well Record (437). Courthouse District; on Pine Run, 1.2 miles northwest of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 25, 1912; elevation, 1060' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Duhkard 750 770 Sand, Big Dunkard 845 900 Sand, Gas 1015 1040 Sand, Maxton 1800 1885 Big Lime 1940 2030 Sand, Big Injun 2030 2220 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2603 2620 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2630 2650 Total depth , 2655 The eight following wells were drilled along the axis of the Orlando Anticline at the southeast edge of Courthouse District. Most of them have been gas wells, with production ranging from the Salt to the Fifth Sand, though a few dry holes have been drilled : W. J. Ryan No. 7011 Well Record .(438). Courthouse District; at head of Indian Fork, 1.6 miles southeast of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 20, 1914; elevation, 1150' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Burning Springs 550 595 Sand, Gas 640 750 Sand, Second Cow Run 790 885 Sand, Salt 895 970 Sand, Salt 1105 1205 Sand, Salt 1275 1371 Sand, Salt 1560 1618 Sand, Maxton (gas, 1672') 1 1650 1677 Big Lime 1765 1850 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1930') 1850 1980 Sand, Thirty-foot 2357 2370 364 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Gordon Stray 2385 2425 Sand, Gordon 2430 2445 Sand, Fifth 2620 2630 Total depth 2680 John Kelley No. 4003 Well Record (439). Courthouse District; branch of Goosepen Run; 3.0 miles west of Roanoke; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1130' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Harlem 365 369 Sand, Big Dunkard 540 630 Sand, Gas 770 810 Sand, Maxton 1715 1730 Big Lime 1780 1895 Sand, Big Injun 1895 1990 Sand, Squaw .2030 2050 Sand, Berea 2200 2220 Sand, Thirty-foot 2351 2370 Sand, Gordon Stray 2380 2430 Sand, Gordon 2450 2455 Total depth 2698 The above well was a dry hole. Luke Fitzpatrick No. 1853 Well Record (440). Courthouse District; on Goosepen Run, 1.6 miles northwest of Finster; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 21, 1910; elevation, 1315' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 680 700 Big Dunkard Sand 770 800 Burning Springs Sand 860 895 Gas Sand , 935 975 Second Cow Run and Salt Sands 998 1420 Salt Sand 1430 1600 Little Lime 1915 1930 Pencil Cave 1930 1940 Big Lime 1940 2052 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2180') 2052 2200 Squaw Sand 2210 2260 Berea Sand 2380 2400 Gordon Sand (gas, 2640') 2640 2643 Fifth Sand (gas, 2772') 2767 2777 Total depth 2833 The above well made only a small amount of gas, the casing being pulled and the well abandoned. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 365 Peter Rush No. 4004 Well Record (441). Courthouse District; on head of Sleepcamp Run, 1.6 miles north- east of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Feb. 21, 1912; elevation, 1350' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 608 653 Sand, Big Dunkard 780 840 Sand, Gas 980 1100 Sand, Second Cow Run 1110 1240 Sand, Salt 1265 1343 Sand, Salt 1373 1423 Big Lime 1915 2002 Sand, Big Injun .2002 2225 Sand, Thirty-foot (no thickness) 2553 Sand, Gordon 2628 2660 Total depth 3024 The above well was abandoned as being too light for com- mercial use but makes gas for a few families. C. J. Nolan No. 1988 Well Record (442). Courthouse District; 2.1 miles N. 60° E. of Finster; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 23, 1909; elevation, 1045' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Gas 680 760 Second Cow Run Sand 815 905 Sand, Salt 1005 1050 Sand, Salt (gas) 1075 1210 Sand, Salt 1220 1240 Sand, Salt 1320 1350 Big Lime 1610 1700 Sand, Big Injun 1700 1810 Sand, Squaw 1 850 1865 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas) 2200 2275 Sand, Fifth 2445 2455 Sand, Bayard? 2660 2670 Total depth 2858 W. I. Cunningham No. 4001 Well Record (445). Courthouse District; on Carrion Run, 3 miles northwest of Roa- noke; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, March 23, 1912; elevation, 1335' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 640 660 Sand, Big Dunkard 755 817 Sand, Gas 920 960 366 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Second Cow Run 1016 1130 Sand, Salt 1180 1336 Sand, Salt 1393 1424 Sand, Maxton 1824 1920 Big Lime 1972 2032 Sand, Big Injun (gas) 2032 2173 Sand, Squaw * 2193 2210 Sand, Berea 2395 2410 Sand, Thirty-foot 2524 2540 Sand, Gordon Stray 2585 2614 Sand, Fifth 2789 2797 Total depth 2825 John A. McCauley No. 3026 Well Record (446). Courthouse District; on Carrion Run, 3.0 miles northeast of Fin- ster; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 20, 1913; ele- vation, 1335' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 630 650 Big Dunkard Sand 775 840 Burning Springs Sand 885 930 Gas and Second Cow Run Sands 990 1156 Salt Sand 1185 1380 Maxton Sand (shells) 1825 Little Lime 1916 1995 Pencil Cave 1995 2005 Big Lime 2005 2100 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2190') 2100 2202 Squaw Sand 2225 2240 Berea Sand 2410 2416 Fifty-foot Sand 2490 2522 Thirty-foot Sand 2545 2552 Gordon Stray Sand .2560 2609 Gordon Sand 2621 2644 Fourth Sand (shells) 2665 Fifth Sand (gas, 2805') 2800 2812 Total depth 2835 C. J. Nolan No. 1988 Well Record (447). Courthouse District; on Crooked Fork, 1.8 miles southeast of Gil- looly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 930' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Gas 680 760 Sand, Second Cow Run 815 905 Sand, Salt 1005 1050 Sand, Salt (gas) 1075 1110 Sand, Salt 1220 1240 Sand, Salt . 1320 1350 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 367 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 1610 1700 Sand, Big Injun 1700 1810 Sand, Squaw 1850 1865 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2200 2275 Sand, Fifth 2445 2455 Sand, Bayard 2660 2670 Total depth 2858 A large number of wells has been drilled in the neighbor- hood of Gillooly, about midway between the Grassland Syn- cline and the Orlando Anticline, most of which have been fine gassers. The thirteen following records are from this locality : Pat Maley No. 2074 Well Record (448). Courthouse District; 1.4 miles north of Finster; authority, Pitts- burgh and W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1130' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Harlem • 575 579 Big Lime 1955 2015 Sand, Big Injun 2015 2160 Sand, Squaw 2180 2310 Sand, Thirty-foot 2535 2557 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2563 2606 Sand, Fourth (gas) 2760 2770 Total depth 2789 John Devaney No. 1902 Well Record (449). Courthouse District; on Crooked Fork, 0.9 mile south of Gillooly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Feb. 1, 1900; ele- vation, 870' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Clay and slate, soft 80 80 Sand, Connellsville 40 120 Slate and red rock 100 220 Sand, Murphy 20 240 Red rock 50 290 Slate and red rock 180 470 Slate, red rock, and shells 55 525 Sandstone, Big Dunkard 45 570 Slate 40 610 Lime, dark 60 670 Sand, white, soft, Gas 110 780 Slate, dark 110 890 Slate, white 20 910 Coal, Mercer 11 921 Sand, Salt : 30 951 Slate, black 20 971 ^68 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, hard, Salt ................................ 80 1051 Lime 20 Sand, dark ...................................... 40 1146 Sand, white, Salt ............................... 45 Slate and shells ................................ 20 Sand, dark, Salt ...... . ......................... 50 Sand, white, hard ............................... 46 Sand and shells, Salt (a little gas) .............. : Sand, black, Salt ............................... 40 1357 Slate .......................................... -. 26 1383 Sand, white, Salt ................................ 35 1418 Shells and slate ................................. 45 1463 Sand, black, hard, Maxton ....................... 50 1513 Lime and slate ................................. 80 1593 Red rock ....................................... 30 1623 Lime and slate .................................. 70 1693 Big Lime, white, hard .......................... 80 1773 Sand, Big Injun, and lime ....................... 127 1900 Slate and -shells ................... .............. 97 1997 Sand, dark, Squaw .............................. 45 2042 Slate, shells and streaks of sand ................. 233 2275 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas) ......................... 26 2301 Slate ........................................... 6 2307 Sand, Gordon Stray ............................ 40 2347 Slate and shells (gas) ...................... ---- 155 2502 Sand, Fourth ................................... 11 2513 Unrecorded to bottom .......................... 9 2522 10" casing, 431'; 81A", 670'; 6%", 1702'; good gas well. Ellen Mulvaney No. 4176 Well Record (450). Courthouse District; on Crooked Fork, 0.7 mile southwest of Gil- looly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1005' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Big Dunkard .............................. 710 780 Sand, Burning Springs .......................... 820 875 Sand, G£s ...................................... 890 935 Sand, Second Cow Run .......................... 1050 1095 Sand, Salt ............................... ....... 1160 1220 Sand, Salt ...................................... 1280 1430 Sand, Maxton ................................... 1730 1800 Big Lime ....................................... 1898 1953 Sand, Big Injun ................................. 1953 2107 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas) .......................... 2488 2503 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) ...................... 2513 2550 Sand, Fifth (gas) ............................... 2729 2734 Total depth ..................................... 2749 I WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 369 D. A. McCray No. 2034 Well Record (453). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 1.1 miles northeast of Gil- looly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Harlem 316 320 Sand, Salt 1080 1180 Sand, Salt 1290 1390 Big Lime 1680 1790 Sand, Big Injun 1790 1915 Sand, Thirty-foot 2250 2280 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2285 2317 Sand, Gordon 2325 2342 Total depth 2355 The following well, which was abandoned as a dry hole, starts about level with the Redstone Coal and gives a fine stratigraphic record, but most of the formations mentioned as "lime" were undoubtedly only shale : John Brannon No. 1 Well Record (454). Courthouse District; on Wolf pen Run, 1.4 miles southeast of Ed- miston; authority, Guffey & Galey; completed, Feb. 18, 1900; eleva- tion, 950' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Clay 14 14 Lime, hard . 6 20 Slate, white 12 32 Lime, blue 25 57 Slate, white 41 98 Lime, hard 10 108 Slate, soft ." 10 118 Sand, Connellsville 12 130 Lime, hard 30 160 Shale, red 22 182 Lime; white 10 192 Slate, red 38 230 Lime, white 10 240 Shale, red 25 265 Lime, hard 5 270 Slate, brown 140 410 Lime, gray 5 415 Slate, brown 25 440 Sand, white, Moundsville 5 445 Slate 105 550 Sand, white, Big Dunkard 70 620 Slate 20 640 Lime, hard 30 670 Sand, Burning Springs 42 712 370 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate, black 17 729 Lime white 10 739 Sand, soft, Gas 30 769 Slate 11 780 Lime 50 830 Sand, white, Second Cow Run 70 900 Lime 30 930 Coal, Mercer 6 936 Slate, brown 34 970 Slate, white 50 1020 Lime, hard 30 1050 Slate 20 1070 Sand, hard, Salt 30 1100 Slate 25 1125 Lime, hard 25 1150 Slate ! 20 1170 Sand, hard, Salt 30 1200 Slate 20 1220 Lime 15 1235 Sand, hard, Salt 10 1245 Slate 20 1265 Lime 15 1280 Sand, Salt 108 1388 Lime 10 1398 Slate 10 1408 Lime 20 1428 Red rock 15 1443 Slate 25 1468 Lime 25 1493 Red rock 50 1543 Sa.nd, hard, Maxtort 10 1553 Slate 50 1603 Lime 10 1613 Slate 30 1643 Lime ' 15 1658 Slate 10 1668 Lime 20 1688 Slate : 10 1698 Lime 10 1708 Slate 64 1772 Red rock 5 1777 Sand, Big Injun 100 1877 Lime 25 1902 Slate 20 1922 Sand, Squaw 5 1927 Slate 10 1937 Lime 20 1957 Slate, soft 10 1967 Sand, Weir 10 1977 Lime 15 1992 Slate 10 2002 Sand 5 2007 Slate 10 2017 Lime 10 2027 Slate 5 2032 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 371 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Lime 5 2037 Slate 10 2047 Sand, hard, Berea 25 2072 Slate 5 2077 Lime 10 2087 Slate 15 2102 Sand, hard, Gantz 10 2112 Slate 5 2117 Lime 10 2127 Slate 15 2142 Lime 10 2152 Slate 2 2154 Sand 6 2160 Slate 10 2170 Lime 15 2185 Slate 15 2200 Lime 15 2215 Slate 10 2225 Sand, Fifty-foot 20 2245 Slate 5 2250 Sand, hard, Thirty-foot 8 2258 Slate 12 2270 Lime 10 2280 Slate 5 2285 Sand 15 2300 Slate 10 2310 Sand, Gordon Stray, hard (little gas) 15 2325 Slate 8 2333 Sand, Gordon 10 2343 Slate 5 2348 Lime 10 2358 Slate 7 2365 Sand, Fourth, hard 15 2380 Slate 25 2405 Lime 10 2415 Slate 8 2423 band 12 2435 Slate 16 2451 Sand, hard 10 2461 Lime 5 2466 Slate 3 2469 Lime 7 2476 Sand 10 2486 Slate 28 2514 Sand, Fifth 5 2519 Slate and lime (no sands) to bottom 234 2753 10" casing, 238' 2"; 8%,", 956' 7"; 6%", 1721' 3". 272 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. P. Flesher No. 2016 Well Record (455). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 0.8 mile north of Gillooly; au- thority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 995' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Harlem 490 493 Sand, Gas 825 950 Sand, Salt 1126 1206 Sand, Salt 1451 1581 Sand, Maxton 1677 1725 Big Lime 1864 1919 Sand, Big Injun 1919 2060 Sand, Berea 2230 2255 Sand Fifty-foot 2405 2420 Sand) Thirty-foot (gas) 2480 2497 Sand, Gordon Stray 2502 2537 Sand, Fifth 2727 2735 Total depth Margaret Riley No. 1985 Well Record (456). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 1.1 miles northeast of Gillooly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 875' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 495 520 Sand, Big Dunkard 555 630 Sand, Burning Springs 675 715 Sand, Gas 721 775 Sand Second Cow Run 805 925 Sand, Salt 1020 1080 Sand, Maxton. 1640 1658 Big Lime 1730 1792 Sand, Big Injun 1792 1915 Sand, Squaw 1925 1945 Sand, Berea 2135 2150 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas show) 2340 2374 Sand, Gordon 2383 2410 Sand, Fifth (gas) 2575 2584 Total depth 2602 Wm. McCudden No. 2831 Well Record (457). Courthouse District; on Loveberry Run, 0.9 mile southwest of Ed- miston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed April 17, 1913; elevation, 1190' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 803 821 Big Dunkard Sand 904 976 Gas Sand . . . 1034 1125 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 373 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Second Cow Run Sand (water, 1271'). 1160 1336 Salt Sand 1356 1427 Little Lime 2007 2078 Pencil Cave 2078 2087 Big Lime (gas, 2105') 2087 2146 Big Injun Sand 2146 2340 Berea Sand 2463 2479 Fifty-foot Sand 2529 2552 Thirty-foot Sand 2657 2672 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2703') 2698 2719 Gordon Sand (gas, 2738') 2731 2747 Total depth 2759 The following well produces oil from the Fifth Sand. Its original production was not learned but in 1914 it was still* making 10 barrels daily : Michael Hoar No. 358 Well Record (458). Courthouse District; on Loveberry Run, 1.0 mile northwest of Gil- looly; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, July 28, 1912; eleva- tion, 1140' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 910 970 Burning Springs Sand 1040 1090 Gas Sand 1125 1160 Second Cow Run Sand (water, 1250') 1175 1430 Maxton Sand 1950 1965 Little Lime 2025 2045 Pencil Cave 2045 2060 Big Lime 2060 2105 Big Injun Sand (oil and gas, 2107') 2105 2258 Squaw Sand 2262 2287 Thirty-foot Sand 2659 2684 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2696-2702') 2695 2721 Gordon Sand 2723 2737 Fifth Sand (oil, 2885') 2881 2902 Total depth 2913 The Peter Doonan Heirs No. 440 (459) made both oil and gas from the Fifth Sand. Trie following well also made some oil : 374 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Ora Bailey No. 2956 Well Record (459 A). Courthouse District; 1.4 miles N. 80° W. of Gillooly; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 22, 1913; elevation, 1035' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 790 880 Burning Springs Sand 890 960 Gas Sand 980 1100 Second Cow Run Sand 1120 1200 Salt Sand 1250 1700 Little Lime 1945 1965 Pencil Cave 1965 1973 Big Lime (gas, 1995') 1973 2030 Big Injun Sand 2030 2140 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2593') 2587 2600 Gordon Sand (gas, 2622-8') 2616 2640 Fifth Sand (gas, 2810-13') 2804 2821 Total depth 2825 John Copley No. 4036 Well Record (460). Courthouse District; on Loveberry Run, 1.0 mile northwest of Gil- looly; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 880' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 160 Coal, Elk Lick 415 420 Sand, Little Dunkard 645 695 Sand, Big Dunkard 775 805 Sand, Gas 860 960 Sand, Second Cow Run 990 1025 Sand, Salt 1050 1120 Sand, Salt 1310 1336 Sand, Maxton 1730 1740 Big Lime 1790 1853 Sand, Big Injun 1853 2000 Sand, Squaw 2005 2030 Sand, Berea 2122 2195 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2400 2418 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2423 2439 Total depth 2442 Kinley McCudden No. 1307 Well Record (461). Courthouse District; 2.0 miles N. 60° E. of Bealls Mills; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 27, 1909; elevation, 910' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Little Dunkard Sand . . \\ 720 755 Big Dunkard Sand ' . 790 gjo WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 375 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 893 940 Second Cow Run Sand 955 1062 Salt Sand 1113 1215 Maxton Sand .1675 1700 Little Lime 1746 1756 Pencil Cave 1756 1761 Big Lime. . . .-. 1761 1871 Big Injun Sand 1871 2083 Berea Sand 2187 2208 Gordon Sand (gas, 2465-71') 2448 2473 Total depth 2476 In August, 1914. the above well showed a pressure of 270 Ibs. in the 2-inch tubing. John Bohan No. 1937 Well Record (462). Courthouse District; 1.3 miles southwest of Edmiston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Nov. 5, 1910; elevation, 1187' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 880 890 Little Dunkard Sand 906 960 Big Dunkard Sand 1008 1062 Second Cow Run and Salt Sands (water, 1260').. 1240 1431 Salt Sand 1547 1599 Maxton Sand 1996 2000 Little Lime 2032 2055 Pencil Cave 2055 2075 Big Lime 2075 2144 BLg Injun Sand (gas, 2165' and 2250') 2144 2297 Thirty-foot Sarid 2634 2640 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2718') 2698 2721 Gordon Sand (gas, 2737' and 2756') to bottom 2736 2756% In the vicinity of Edmiston, numerous wells have been drilled, most of which have been gassers, but some have pro- duced oil also, being located along the axis of the Grassland Syncline along which the structure is rising rapidly eastward, making the level of the Pittsburgh Coal 150 feet higher than at Copley, and placing these wells well above the strike of the Copley Pool. The oil found in these wells is in the Injun Sand and has no connection with that in the Copley wells. The four following records are from this locality : 376 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Luke White No. 4081 Well Record (463). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 1.0 mile northwest of Ed- miston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1300' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh -. 431 451 Sand, Little Dunkard 926 958 Sand, Big Dunkard '. 998 1056 Sand, Gas 1141 1264 Sand, Second Cow Run 1269 1339 Sand, Salt 1360 1425 Sand, Salt 1501 1720 Sand, Maxton 1870 1900 Big Lime 2000 2115 Sand, Big Injun 2115 2260 Sand, Squaw 2266 2286 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2680 2705 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2717 2740 Total depth 2760 Luke White No. 2072 Well Record (464). Courthouse District; 1.2 miles N. 30° W. of Edmiston; autnonty, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1390' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 455 463 Sand, Little Dunkard 895 950 Sand, Big Dunkard 1035 1110 Sand, Second Cow Run 1330 1375 Sand, Salt 1415 1435 Sand, Salt 1470 1655 Sand, Salt 1660 1690 Sand, Maxton 1970 1999 Big Lime 2005 2110 Sand, Big Injun (gas show) 2110 2230 Sand, Berea 2410 2430 Sand, Thirty-foot 2570 2679 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2713 2738 Total depth 2740 J. S. Turner No. 1967 Well Record (468). Courthouse District; on Sand Fork, 0.3 mile south of Edmiston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 920' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 140 145 Sand, Little Dunkard 560 583 Sand, Burning Springs 794 808 Sand, Gas, and Second Cow Run .. 880 1028 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 377 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 1045 1300 Sand, Salt 1380 1425 Sand, Maxton 1645 1720 Big Lime 1750 1850 Sand, Big Injun (oil and gas) 1850 2000 Sand, Berea 2170 2190 Sand, Gordon Stray 2390 2408 Sand, Gordon 2410 2450 Sand, Fifth 2608 2630 Total depth 2730 F. M. Ballard No. 1592 Well Record (469). Courthouse District; at Edmiston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, May 7, 1910; elevation, 1111' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Murphy Sand 520 540 Grafton Sand 630 660 Little Dunkard Sand 800 840 Second Cow Run Sand 1150 1190 Salt Sand 1390 1490 Maxton Sand 1850 1862 Little Lime 1885 1900 Pencil Cave 1900 1925 Big Lime 1925 1980 Big Injun Sand (show of oil and gas, 2100') 1980 2160 Squaw Sand 2175 2200 Berea Sand 2330 2332 Thirty-foot Sand 2480 2495 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2572') 2557 2580 Gordon Sand (gas 2592') 2589 2625 Fifth Sand (gas, 2785') 2783 2789 Total depth 2794 Along the head of Murphy Creek numerous gas wells have been drilled, of which the six following records are available : S. E. Harrison No. 2041 Well Record (470). Courthouse District; head of Murphy Creek, 0.7 mile north of Ed- miston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, ISKX B. I Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 400 402 Sand, Little Dunkard 904 968 Sand, Big Dunkard 1030 1070 Sand, Burning Springs 1105 1125 Sand, Gas and Second Cow Run 1145 1335 378 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand>Salt 1368 1422 Sand, Salt "05 1730 n. I im 20bo £i\.6i s^d B^-injun:::::::::::::::::::: jm ™* Sand, Squaw (gas show) 22; Sand, Fifty-foot JJ22 2640 Sand, Thirty-foot 2663 2673 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2698 2770 Total depth 2790 David Teter No. 1214 Well Record (471). Courthouse District; on Murphy Creek, 1.2 miles northeast of Ed- miston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 29, 1909; elevation, 1120' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 275') 0 595 Moundsville Sand (water, 598') 595 Little Dunkard Sand 645 698 Big Dunkard Sand 748 795 Gas and Second Cow Run Sands 863 1160 Salt Sand 1225 1298 Salt Sand (gas, very light, 1485') 1470 1496 Little Lime 1753 1768 Pencil Cave 1768 1780 Big Lime 1780 1892 Big Injun Sand 1892 2005 Sand, Berea 2175 2183 Thirty-foot Sand 2300 2328 Gordon Stray Sand 2392 2405 Gordon Sand (small show of gas, 2462'; gas, 2471') 2456 2476 Fourth Sand 2495 2520 Fifth Sand (gas, 2667' and 2672') to bottom 2664 2673 Conductor, 12'; 8%" casing, 1485'; 6%", 1894'; 5f5", 2392'. E. C. Fisher No. 501 Well Record (472). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 1.8 miles north- east of Edmiston; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed; Aug. 15, 1915; elevation, 1130' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 63 75 Little Dunkard Sand 595 610 Big Dunkard Sand 625 820 Second Cow Run Sand 900 1010 Salt Sand 1010 1280 Little Lime 1685 1705 Pencil Cave 1705 1715 Big Lime 1715 1814 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 379 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand 1814 1952 Squaw Sand 2050 2087 Berea Sand 2110 2200 Gantz Sand 2230 2260 Fifty-foot Sand 2298 2310 Thirty-foot Sand 2342 2351 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2363') 2358 2428 Fourth Sand 2468 2475 Fifth Sand (gas, 2578') 2576 2593 Total depth 2603 M. O. Edwards No. 996 Well Record (473). Courthouse District; on Murphy Creek, 2.0 miles northeast of Ed- miston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 4, 1907; elevation, 1245' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 14 Moundsville Sand 594 609 Little Dunkard Sand 700 750 Big Dunkard Sand 785 840 Gas Sand 1000 1050 Second Cow Run Sand 1120 1180 Salt Sand 1370 1440 Salt Sand 1480 1515 Little Lime (oil, 1765') 1762 1790 Pencil Cave 1790 1803 Big Lime 1803 1870 Big Injun Sand 1870 2035 Berea Sand 2280 2294 Fifty-foot Sand 2320 2340 Gordon Stray Sand 2424 2458 Gordon Sand (gas, 2502') 2485 2515 Fourth Sand 2550 2570 Fifth Sand (gas, 2708', 2710' and 2718') 2706 2721 Total depth 2723 The above well flowed some oil from the Little Lime when drilled, but the production has now ceased. It still makes gas from the lower sands. M. O. Edwards No. 813 Well Record (474). Courthouse District; 2.0 miles southeast of Camden; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1115' B. Thickness. Total Feet. Feet. Clay, brown, soft 20 20 Lime, blue, hard 35 55 Red rock, soft 300 355 380 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate, white, soft 90 445 Red rock, soft 55 Sand, white, hard, Big Dunkard 145 645 Lime, blue, hard 40 685 Unrecorded 155 840 Sand, white, hard, Second Cow Run 75 915 Red rock, soft 135 1050 Sand, Salt 200 1250 Red rock, soft 290 1540 Lime, blue, hard 35 1575 Slate white, soft 30 1605 Big Lime, blue, hard 90 1695 Sand, Big Injun, and lime, hard 25 1720 Sand, lime, and sand, hard, Big Injun 130 1850 Slate and shells, soft and hard 330 2180 Sand, white, hard, Gordon Stray 20 2200 Slate and shells, hard 55 2255 Sand, white, and soft, Gordon (gas) 27 2282 Slate and shells, black, hard 30 2312 Sand, Fourth, white, hard 30 2342 Slate, black, soft 50 2392 Sand, Fifth, white, hard, pebbly 6 2398 Slate, black, soft 66 2464 The M. O. Edwards No. 2 (475) was drilled to 1992 feet and abandoned, failing to reach the lower sands which would probably have produced gas. The record of the F. C. Jarvis No. 1 (476) is published in the section for Camden, page 58. It made gas in the Gordon Stray and Fifth Sands. Geo. Fisher No. 60 Well Record (478). Courthouse District; on Murphy Creek, 3.0 miles southwest of Weston; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, May 21, 1904; ele- vation, 1070' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. FeeT Conductor 0 15 Moundsville Sand 395 455 Little Dunkard Sand 490 525 Burning Springs Sand 620 685 Gas Sand 705 875 Little Lime 1460 1475 Big Lime (oil show, 1500') 1485 1545 Big Injun Sand 1545 1650 Squaw Sand 1664 1740 Thirty-foot Sand 2080 2102 Gordon Stray Sand (light gas,, 2120') 2106 2124 Fourth Sand (strong gas, 2279') .2276 2293 Total depth 2297 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 381 The Murphy Creek Oil Pool, located north of Murphy Creek, along the Courthouse-Freemans Creek District Line, contains from 10 to 12 producing oil wells, the pay sand being about 1300 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and apparently being the lower Salt Sand, or the basal sand formation of the Pottsville Series. It is possibly the same as the Salt Sand of Rosedale, which is also the lowest sand of the Pottsville, but the Rosedale Sand is 1625 feet below the Pittsburgh horizon, the difference of 325 feet in interval representing the south- ward expansion of the Pottsville, which is nearly 800 feet thick at Rosedale, but only 500 feet on Murphy Creek. The wells vary in size from 2 to 40 barrels daily. The five follow- ing records are from this pool : H. B. Henry No. 431 Well Record (479). Courthouse District; on Murphy Creek, 2.0 miles northeast of Ed- miston; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 8, 1913; eleva- tion, 1195' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 405 430 Little Dunkard Sand 480 520 Gas Sand 655 860 Second Cow Run Sand 875 925 Salt Sand 970 1100 Maxton Sand (gas, 1568') 1565 1572 Little Lime 1608 1623 Pencil Cave 1623 1641 Big Lime 1641 1701 Big Injun Sand 1701 1867 Berea Sand 2028 2053 Gantz Sand 2106 2136 Fifty-foot Sand 2200 2223 Thirty-foot Sand 2231 2269 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2304') : 2272 2322 Gordon Sand 2326 2348 Fifth Sand (gas, 2499') 2496 2513 Total depth 2543 -^82 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. A. S. Fisher No. 1 Well Record (481). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 3.6 miles west of Weston; authority, Southern Oil Co.; completed, Dec. 20, 1911; ele- vation, 1290' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburgh 100 Sand, Salt, to bottom (oil, 1403') 1393 1403^5 Wood conductor, 12'; 8*4", casing, 328'; 6%", 1111'; about 10 barrels daily. C. M. L. Butcher No. 1 Well Record (486). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 3.6 miles west of Weston; authority, Southern Oil Co.; completed, Nov. 27, 1913; ele- vation, 1420' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt (7' of pay) to bottom 1507 1524 10" casing, 382'; 8%", 741'; 6%", 1206'; 10 barrels daily. H. M. Turner No. 1 Well Record (487). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 3.4 miles west of Weston; authority, Southern Oil Co.; completed, May 27 1909; eleva- tion, 1265' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 490 530 Sand, Big Dunkard 625 675 Sand, Burning Springs 725 780 Sand,^Gas 795 825 Sand, 'Second Cow Run (water, 1010') 900 1019 Sand, Salt 1040 1075 Sand, Salt 1105 1135 Sand, Salt 1177 1277 Sand, Salt, to bottom (oil and gas, 1346', good well) 1290 1358 No Pittsburgh Coal; 10" casing, 217'; 8%", 966'; 6%", 1069' H. M. Turner No. 2 Well Record (488). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 3.1 miles west of Weston; authority, Southern Oil Co.; completed, Feb. 27, 1910; ele- vation, 1215' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 900') 0 1290 Sand, Salt, to bottom (oil) 1290 1299 10" casing, 220'; 8%", 1012'; no Pittsburgh Coal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 383 The C. A. Taylor No. 1 (489), reported the best well in the Murphy Creek Pool, had an initial production of 40 barrels daily, and still holds up at 25 barrels. The four following wells are from the numerous gassers that have been drilled along Murphy Creek east of the oil pool : S. P. Fisher No. 153 Well Record (491). Courthouse District; on branch, of Murphy Creek, 2.8 miles south- west of Weston; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, May 31, 1909; elevation, 1095' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Moundsville Sand 400 420 Little Dunkard Sand 485 500 Big Dunkard Sand 535 648 Gas Sand 666 820 Salt Sand 1135 1168 Salt Sand 1185 1237 Red rock 1400 1520 Little Lime 1537 1550 Pencil Cave 1550 1585 Big Lime 1585 1645 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1745') 1645 1770 Berea Sand 1970 1990 Fifty-foot Sand 2130 2150 Thirty-foot Sand 2180 2190 Sand 2202 2210 Gordon Stray Sand (gas, 2230'; gas, 2250') 2213 2262 Gordon Sand 2270 2288 Fourth Sand ....2325 2330 Fifth Sand (gas, '2435-42') 2433 2453 Total depth 2553 The following well, drilled by Guffey and Galey, but now the property of the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Com- pany, shows a very detailed record, but many of the forma- tions should doubtless have been recorded as shale instead of "lime": O. B. Wheeler No. 1904 Well Record (492). Courthouse District; 2.8 miles west of Weston; authority, Pitts- burgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, April 21, 1900; elevation, 1135' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Clay 20 20 Lime . . 35 55 384 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Red rock 245 300 Slate 100 400 Sand, Little and Big Dunkard 250 650 Lime • 25 675 Slate 10 685 Sand, Gas 20 705 Slate 15 720 Sand, Second Cow Run 50 770 Red rock 25 795 Lime 40 835 Slate 8 843 Coal, Mercer 3 846 Sand, Salt 35 881 Lime 10 891 Slate 20 911 Lime 5 916 Sand, Salt 30 946 Coal 4 950 Lime 10 960 Sand, Salt 60 1020 Slate 15 1035 Sand, Salt 30 1065 Slate 30 1095 Sand, Salt 80 1175 Slate 3 1178 Lime 15 1193 Sand, Salt 10 1203 Lime 25 1228 Slate 50 1278 Red rock 90 1368 Lime , 50 1418 Slate 20 1438 Sand 40 1478 Red rock 10 1488 Lime ' 20 1508 Slate 10 1518 Lime 35 1553 Red rock 60 1613 Big Lime 26 1639 Sand, Big Injun 200 1839 Slate 10 1849 Lime .' 40 1889 Slate 20 1909 Lime 21 1930 Sand, Weir 10 1940 Slate 10 1950 Lime 40 1990 Slate 20 2010 Lime 30 2040 Slate 10 2050 Sand, Berea 35 2085 Slate 15 2100 Shells 40 2140 Slate 10 2150 Sand, Fifty-foot 25 2175 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 385 Thickness Total Feet. Feet Slate 5 2180 Shells 10 2190 Slate 15 2205 Shells 20 2225 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 50 2275 Slate 25 2300 Shells 10 2310 Slate 15 2325 Shells 5 2330 Slate 50 2380 Shells 25 2405 Slate 30 2435 Sand, Fifth (gas) 25 2460 Slate 5 2465 10" casing, 200'; 8%", 859' 8"; 6%", 1639' 6". Wm. S. Woodall No. 3492 Well Record (494). Courthouse District; on Murphy Creek, 2.1 miles southwest of Weston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 11, 1914; elevation, 1085' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 300') 0 600 Big Dunkard Sand 600 690 Burning Springs Sand 700 758 Gas Sand 790 897 Salt Sand 1080 1148 Maxton Sand 1517 1571 Little Lime 1580 1630 Pencil Cave 1630 1640 Big Lime 1640 1713 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1818') 1713 1860 Berea Sand 2060 2083 Fifty-foot Sand 2092 2144 Thirty-foot Sand 2201 2280 Gordon Stray Sand 2290 2316 Gordon Sand .2321 2345 Fifth Sand (gas, 2514' and 2527') 2512 2529 Total depth 3000 J. M. Lancaster No. 188 Well Record (495). Courthouse District; on branch of Murphy Creek, 2.0 miles west of Weston; authority, Reserve Gas Co.; completed, July 8, 1909; eleva- tion, 1125' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 385 405 Big Dunkard Sand 500 598 Burning Springs Sand -. 650 690 Gas Sand.. .. 715 815 386 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Second Cow Run Sand 830 900 Salt Sand 1175 1274 Little Lime 1490 1520 Pencil Cave 1552 1570 Big Lime 1570 1600 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1710') 1680 1765 Squaw Sand 1775 1800 Berea Sand 1900 1925 Fifty-foot Sand 2025 2040 Thirty-foot Sand 2172 2222 Gordon Stray Sand 2227 2263 Gordon Sand 2265 2286 Fifth Sand (gas, 2458', 2466' and 2470') 2456 2480 Total depth 2510 Three wells have been drilled on the Weston State Hos- pital Farm at Weston, all of which have been gas producers. Well No. 1, the record of the upper portion of which was pub- lished in Volume I (A), page 355, of the Survey, was first drilled to the Berea Sand, but later drilled deeper when the gas was exhausted in that formation. The well starts 40 feet, by hand level, below the Redstone Coal : Weston State Hospital No. 1 Well Record (497). Courthouse District; 0.2 mile west of Weston; authority, W Va. State Hospital; elevation, 1160' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, gray, Salt 940 Siate 950 Lime 965 Slate and shells 1085 Lime 1095 Sand, Salt (oil show) 1244 Slate, black 1274 Lime ' .1299 Slate, white 1339 Red rock 1442 Sand 1462 Red rock 1542 Sand, dark, Maxton 1570 Little Lime 1605 Pencil Cave '. .1615 Big Lime 1680 Sand, Big Injun (oil show) 1843 Slate 1883 Sand, Squaw 1945 Slate and shells . ....... .2051 Sand, Berea (gas) !.!2066 2086 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 387 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Slate to bottom 2112 Sand, Fifty-foot (hole reduced from 6%" to 5fG" at 2183') 2178 2200 Sand, Thirty-foot 2244 2274 Sand, Gordon Stray 2282 2310 Sand, Fourth (gas, 2470') 2468 2475 Total depth 2477 5" casing set in wall packer at 1848'; well tubed with 2" pipe; packer set at 2297'. The above well supplied the Weston State Hospital with gas for several years from the Berea Sand, but two or three years ago was drilled deeper to secure more production. The sand encountered at 2468 feet was named as the Fifth by the driller but its interval below the top of the Big Lime, 788 feet, is too small, and it evidently represents the Fourth Sand, as the interval from the top of the Lime to the Fifth in all the surrounding \vells is about 850 feet. The well produced only a small amount of gas from the Fourth Sand. Weston State Hospital No. 2 Well Record (498). Courthouse District; 1.0 mile west of Weston; authority, W. Va. State Hospital; completed, May 7, 1907; elevation, 1175' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Uni'ecorded 2 18 Coal, Pittsburgh, and unrecorded 32 50 Lime 25 75 Coal, Little Pittsburgh 5 80 Lime 15 95 Red rock 25 120 Lime 30 150 Red rock and shell 160 310 Lime 20 330 Red rock 10 340 Lime 35 375 Red rock 40 415 Lime 15 430 Red rock 50 480 Lime 145 625 Sand, Big Dunkard 10 635 Lime 20 655 Slate 50 705 Lime 40 745 Gas Sand 60 805 Slate 25 830 388 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, Second Cow Run (water, 845') 55 885 Slate and shell 80 965 Sand, Salt 55 1020 Slate and shell 95 1115 Sand, Salt 115 1230 Slate 5 1235 Sand, Salt 50 1285 Slate and shell 40 1325 Red rock and shell 15 1340 Lime 20 1360 Slate and shell 50 1410 Red rock 30 1440 Lime 15 1455 Red rock 40 1495 Lime 25 1520 White slate 15 1535 Black shale and shell 45 1580 Little Lime 25 160F Pencil Cave 15 1620 Big Lime 65 1685 Big Injun Sand 55 1740 Red rock 5 1745 Squaw Sand 100 1845 Slate 225 2070 Berea Sand 25 2095 Slate and shell 110 2205 Thirty-foot Sand 80 2285 Slate 10 2295 Gordon Stray Sand 20 2315 Slate 20 2335 Gordon Sand 25 2360 Slate and shell 20 2380 Slate 92 2472 Fifth Sand (gas, 2473') 8 2480 Unrecorded to bottom 4 2484 20/10" water through 6%" casing; volume, 2,338,992 cu. ft. in 24 hours; pressure, 1st minute, 100; 2nd, 190; 3rd, 250; 4th. 310; 5th, 360; 10 minutes, 485 Ibs.; 20 min., 550 Ibs.; 30 min., 575 Ibs; 1st packer, 20 ft. 2" from bottom; 1st packer set at 2453' 10"; 2nd packer, set at 1712'; 772 ft. of Anchor; 2484 ft. tubing in hole. The above well was shot with 30 quarts of glycerine in November, 1914, securing only a slight increase of gas, the hole being reported full of water when cleaned out. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 389 Weston State Hospital No. 3 Well Record (499). Courthouse District; 1 mile west of Weston; authority, \V. Va. State Hospital; completed, Dec. 16, 1914; elevation, 1150' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Little Pittsburgh 68 71 Sand, Big Dunkard 600 640 Sand, Second Cow Run (hole full water, 840') 830 910 Sand, Salt 950 990 Sand, Salt 1110 1200 Slate and shell 1200 1350 Red rock and shell 1350 1580 Little Lime 1580 1600 Pencil Cave 1600 1623 Big Lime 1623 1685 Sand, Big Injun (oil show, 1810') 1685 1830 Sand, Berea 2060 2105 Fifty-foot Sand 2170 2200 Thirty-foot Sand 2225 2250 Unrecorded (gas, 2255' — 2/10" water in 2-inch, 68,304 cu. ft.) 2250 2275 Gordon Stray Sand 2275 2300 Gordon Sand 2345 2360 Fifth Sand to bottom (gas, 2468-73') 2460 2479 Gas gauge, 4/10" water in 6%" casing; rock pressure, 395 pounds; casing left in well: 8%" casing, 902'; 6%'', 1690' with packer; 2-in. tubing, 2479', packer set 2184'. According to Dr. C. W. Halterman, Superintendent, the production of this well declined suddenly to a small amount at the end of 25 days. No water was reported in the hole. The well starts 40 feet, by hand level, below the Redstone Coal. The six following records are of wells drilled along Middle Run, near the Grassland Syncline : Matthews Heirs No. 1 Well Record (500). Courthouse District; on Middle Run, 2.6 miles southwest of Wes- ton; authority, W. Va. Central Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 8, 1914; ele- vation, 1145' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Clay and sand 0 55 Slate and shells 605 660 Sand, Little Dunkard 660 700 Sand, Big Dunkard 830 875 Sand, Gas. 960 995 Sand, Salt 1190 1240 Sand, Salt 1390 1430 ^Qo PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Lime 1790 1815 Pencil Cave 1815 1820 Big Lime 1820 1890 Sand, Big Injun 1899 1990 Sand, Fifty-foot 2250 2300 Slate 2300 2310 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas, 200,000' at 2382') 2370 2446 Sand, Gordon Stray 2450 2530 Sand, Gordon 2540 2555 Sand Fifth (gas, 2677-87') 2671 2693 Slate to bottom 2693 2700 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 220'; 8%", 996'; 6%", I860'; first minute pressure, 35 Ibs.; rock pressure, 600 Ibs.; volume, 500,000 cu. ft. Andrew Edmiston No. 1974 Well Record (501). Courthouse District; on branch of Middle Run, 2.3 miles northwest of Brownsville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, July 17, 1909; elevation, 1115' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Lime 1780 1840 Sand, Big Injun 1840 2000 Sand, Berea 2200 2270 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas) 2325 2345 Sand, Gordon Stray 2355 2480 Sand, Fifth 2615 2630 Total depth 2768 W. H. Hawkins No. 1310 Well Record (502). Courthouse District; on Middle Run, 3.0 miles southwest of Wes- ton; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 28, 1909; eleva- tion, 1255' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Murphy Sand 500 531 Gas Sand 900 1100 Second Cow Run Sand 1200 1270 Salt Sand (gas, 1460') 1380 1540 Maxton Sand 1800 1815 Little Lime 1845 1860 Pencil Cave I860 1870 Big Lim6 1870 1960 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2014') 1960 2080 Squaw Sand 2100 2120 Berea Sand 2310 2370 Fifty-foot Sand ... 2430 2455 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 3QI Top. Bottom Feet. Feet. Gordon Stray Sand (shell) 2500 Gordon Sand (shell) 2600 Fifth Sand (gas, 2748') 2745 2760 Total depth 2803 Wm. McBride No. 1964 Well Record (503). Courthouse District; on Middle Run, 2.2 miles northeast of Edmis- ton; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, 1906; eleva- tion, 1175' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Mud 10 10 Slate, light 30 40 Lime 40 80 Red rock 60 140 Lime 40 180 Slate 60 240 Lime 15 255 Coal, Redstone 5 260 Slate, dark 100 360 Red rock 100 460 Slate, white 25 485 Sand, dark, Murphy 20 505 Slate, dark 35 540 Red rock 15 555 Slate, light 85 640 Sand „ 10 650 Pink rock 10 660 Sand, Moundsville 20 680 Slate, black 20 700 Lime, gray 50 750 Slate, white 20 770 Slate, dark 15 785 Lime 20 805 Slate, white 15 820 Sand, Little Dunkard 20 840 Sand lime 20 860 Slate, dark 5 865 Lime 35 900 Sand, dark, Big Dunkard 30 930 Sand, Gas, light colored 145 1075 Slate, black 90 1165 Sand, Second Cow Run 40 1205 Slate, dark 40 1245 Sand, Salt 50 1295 Lime 40 1335 Slate, black 65 1400 Sand, Salt (no water) 150 1550 Slate, light 95 1645 Red rock 105 1750 Sand, Maxton 40 1790 Lime 20 1810 Slate, dark 10 1820 3Q2 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Lime 25 1845 Little Lime 25 Pencil Cave, dark soft 20 1890 Big Lime 50 194° Sand, Big Injun (gas, 2060') 180 2120 Slate and shells 140 Sand, Berea, hard 15 Slate, white !5 Slate and shells, (gas, 2325', in 50-Ft. Sand) 230 2520 Sand, Gordon Stray 42 Slate and shells, dark 3 2595 Sand, Gordon dark 20 2615 Slate, white HO Sand, Fifth, dark (gas, 2729') 13 2738 Slate, dark, soft, to bottom 87 2825 Flora Matthews No. 1952 Well Record (504). Courthouse District; on Middle Run, 2.3 miles northeast of Ed- miston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co; completed, May 11, 1906; elevation, 1340' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 810 850 Sand, Burning Springs 1020 1060 Sand, Gas ...1079 1255 Sand, Salt 1295 1315 Sand, Salt : 1685 1710 Big Lime 1985 2080 Sand, Big Injun 2080 2130 Sand, Fifty-foot 2495 2535 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2678 2703 Sand, Fifth (gas) 2879 Total depth 2920 Flora Matthews No. 2455 Well Record (505). Courthouse District; 2.3 miles N. 80° E. of Edmiston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 9, 1911; elevation, 1175' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 700 740 Sand, Big Dunkard 860 890 Sand, Burning Springs 980 995 Sand, Second Cow Run 1190 1215 Sand, Salt 1255 1320 Sand, Salt 1495 1600 Sand, Maxton 1800 1830 Big Lime 1895 1973 Sand, Big Injun (gas) 1973 2110 Sand, Fifty-foot ... 2370 2385 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 393 Sand, Thirty-foot ................................ 2452 Sand, Gordon Stray ........................ • ..... 2503 Sand, Gordon (gas) ............................. 2533 Sand, Fifth (gas) ............................... 2736 Total depth ..................................... Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. 2462 2528 2578 2748 2774 Several wells have been drilled along Rush Run, some of which have been light gas producers and others have been dry holes. The seven following records are from this locality : Jacob Flesher No. 4119 Well Record (508). Courthouse District; 0.9 mile east of Edniiston; authority, Pitts- burgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Feb. 20, 1913; elevation, 1300' B. Coal, Redstone 390 Sand, Moundsville 840 Sand Little Dunkard 910 Sand, Gas 1070 Sand, Salt 1345 Sand, Salt 1555 Sand, Salt 1715 Big Lime 2076 Sand, Big Injun 21 68 Sand, Thirty-foot 2670 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas) 2695 Sand, Gordon 2741 Sand, Fifth (gas) 2918 Total depth Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. 395 876 960 1200 1450 1600 1750 2168 2295 2683 2727 2772 2926 2969 Edward Priest No. 1 Well Record (510). Courthouse District; 1.2 miles southeast of Edmiston; authority Louis Bennett; elevation 1315' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 135 137 Coal, Redstone 400 406 Sand, Moundsville 854 874 Sand, Little Dunkard 924 978 Sand, Burning Springs 1042 1138 Sand, Gas and Second Cow Run 1142 1300 Sand, Salt 1375 1432 Sand, Salt 1540 1600 Sand, Salt 1705 1750 Red rock 1850 1966 Lime, sandy 1966 2024 Little Lime... ...2040 2064 394 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pencil Cave 2064 2075 Big Lime 2075 2145 Sand, Big Injun (little gas, 2250') 2145 2300 Sand Thirty-foot (gas, 2662') 2660 2690 Sand! Gordon Stray (gas, 2721' and 2725') 2700 2730 Total depth 2732 Conductor, 15'; 10" casing, 216'; 8", 1032' 6"; 6%", 2161' 11". C. H. Skinner No. 3601 Well Record (511). Courthouse District; 1.5 miles east of Edmiston; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 31, 1914; elevation, 1285' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Lower Pittsburgh Sand 460 485 Connellsville Sand 505 525 G-rafton Sand 680 715 Little Dunkard Sand 900 950 Big Dunkard and Burning Springs Sands 981 1105 Salt Sand (gas 1680') 1655 1725 Little Lime 2000 2015 Pencil Cave 2015 2021 Big Lime 2021 2086 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2210') 2086 2260 Fifty-foot Sand ..2525 2536 Thirty-foot Sand 2603 2619 Gordon Stray Sand 2630 2657 Gordon Sand 2676 2685 Fifth Sand (gas, 2887-96') 2885 2900 Total depth 2934 N. Peterson No. 1984 Well Record (512). Courthouse District; 1.7 miles S. 75° E. of Edmiston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1145' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 190 195 Sand, Moundsville 609 627 Sand, Little Dunkard 742 775 Sand, Big Dunkard 833 842 Sand, Burning Springs 897 967 Sand, Gas 1010 1082 Big Lime 1908 2023 Sand, Big Injun 2023 2115 Sand, "Berea 2270 2300 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas show) 2350 2385 Sand, Thirty-foot 2430 2460 Sand, Gordon Stray (oil, gas and salt water) 2490 2547 Sand, Gordon 2583 2600 Sand, Fifth 2729 2744 Total depth 2869 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 395 The above well shows a gas pressure of 100 to 110 Ibs. No attempt is made to recover the oil. The following well was reported a dry hole in all sands : W. J. Ward No. 2015 Well Record (513). Courthouse District; on Rush Run, 2.2 miles southwest of Browns- ville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1140' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 640 670 Sand, Burning Springs 880 915 Sand, Second Cow Run 1090 1130 Sand, Salt 1185 1260 Sand, Salt 1375 1420 Sand, Salt 1435 1540 Big Lime 1890 1945 Sand, Big Injun 1945 2105 Sand, Squaw 2145 2201 Sand, Berea 2295 2315 Sand, Fifty-foot 2320 2380 Sand, Thirty-foot 2390 2425 Sand, Gordon 2580 2592 Total depth 2906 The following well was a light gasser and also made a show of oil, but was not drilled below the Fifty-foot Sand. T. W. Matthews No. 1970 Well Record (515). Courthouse District; on Rush Run, 1.3 miles northwest r-f Browns- ville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1030' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little DunKard 625 t>53 Sand, Gas 775 870 Sand, Salt 1285 1435 Sand, Maxton 1665 1 705 Big Lime 1754 1880 Sand, Big Injun 1880 1990 Sand, Fifty-foot, to bottom (gas) 2215 2254 The following well made only a light show of gas in the Fifth Sand, and was abandoned as a dry hole : 396 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John H. Hammer No. 1 Well Record (516). Courthouse District; on Rush Run, 1.4 miles northwest oi Browns- ville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, May 30, 1910; elevation, 1170' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 19° 195 Sand, Little Dunkard 760 785 Sand, Burning Springs »' Coal, Upper Kittanning 975 980 Sand, Salt 1185 Sand, Salt 1350 1380 Sand, Salt 1410 1550 Sand, Salt 1615 3660 Sand Maxton 1750 1780 Big Lime 1890 1955 Sand, Big Injun 195& 2105 Sand, Squaw 2145 2175 Sand Berea 2310 2365 Sand, Thirty-foot 2425 2451 Sand, Gordon Stray 2505 2555 Sand, Gordon. 2557 2585 Sand, Fourth 2590 2615 Sand, Fifth (gas show) 2715 2730 Total depth 2863 The following well, drilled along the Roanoke Syncline, made only a show of gas, finding no sands below the Thirty- foot : Z. T. Sandy No. 2694 Well Record (519). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 2 miles north of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 6, 1912; elevation, 1390' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand . 1355 1415 Salt Sand 1600 1785 Salt Sand 1790 1870 Maxton Sand 1995 2015 Little Lime. 210C 2130 Pencil Cave 21P-0 2142 Big Lime ...2142 2217 Big Injun Sand .2217 2325 Squaw Sand 2347 ^370 Berea Sand (gas, 2532') 253u 2574 Fifty-foot Sand 26o8 2652 Thirty-foot Sand 2700 2735 Total depth (no more sands) 3090 The six following gas wells were drilled near the West Fork River and along the Roanoke Syncline south of its inter- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 397 section with the Grassland Basin, most of them being small producers : John Shay Heirs No. 1 Well Record (520). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 1.3 miles southwest of Brownsville; authority, Wm. Ahner et al.; elevation, 1050' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1125 1125 Sand, Salt 200 1325 Red rock 100 1425 Slate and shells 425 1850 Little Lime 50 1900 Pencil Cave 15 1915 Big Lime 105 2020 Sand, Big Injun 110 2130 Slate 110 2240 Sand, Berea (gas, 10 million, 2250') 45 2285 Unrecorded to bottom 5 2290 10" casing, 430'; 8", 1240'; 6%", 2020'. Gas from the above well was used to run a carbon black factory in the same locality but the gas was soon exhausted and the plant dismantled. Michael Tims No. 1 Well Record (521). Courthouse District; 0.7 mile southwest of Brownsville; authority, Guffey & Galey; completed, May 23, 1900; elevation, 1050' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 12 12 Lime, hard 53 65 Slate, dark, Redstone Coal horizon 10 75 Sand, soft, Weston 25 100 Slate, dark 5 105 Sand, Salt 33 533 Lime, hard 45 150 Slate, soft 5 155 Lime, dark 5 160 Slate, soft ' 5 165 Lime, hard 35 200 Slate, soft 25 225 Lime and red rock 175 400 Sand, hard, Grafton 25 425 Slate, hard 15 440 Red rock 50 490 Lime, hard 40 530 Red rock 40 570 398 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, gray, Little Dunkard 60 630 Slate and lime 60 690 Slate, dark 5 695 Sand, white, Big Dunkard 20 715 Slate, white 5 720 Lime, hard 120 840 Sand, gray, Gas 30 870 Slate and shells 140 1010 Lime, hard 30 1040 Sand, gray, Salt 80 1120 Slate and shells 215 1335 Sand, white, Salt 15 1350 Lime, gray 115 1465 Slate 10 1475 Red rock and lime 275 1750 Big Lime 100 1850 Sand, white, Keener 15 1865 Lime 25 1890 Sand, gray, Big Injun 100 1990 Slate, dark 10 2000 Slate and shells „ 206 2206 Sand, hard, Berea 15 2221 Slate, soft 5 2226 Sand, hard, Fifty-foot 20 2246 Slate .and shells 59 2305 Sand, hard, gray, Thirty-foot 30 2335 Slate and shells 55 2390 Sand, Gordon Stray . 35 2425 Slate and shells (shell at 2610') to bottom 263 2688 10" casing, 165'; S1^", 1125'; 6%", 1770'. The above well was a light gasser but its product was never used. Rachel Outright No. 1993 Well Record (522). Courthouse District; 1.2 miles southwest of Brownsville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1205' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 1 760 790 Sand, Burning Springs 940 980 Sand, Second Cow Run * H09 Ilr5 Sand, Salt 1208 1265 Sand, Salt 1400 1445 Sand, Maxton 1685 1705 f'fl Lime 1950 2040 Sand, Big Injun 2040 2150 Sand, Berea, to bottom (gas) 2407 2427 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 399 Sarah Platt No. 2423 Well Record (524). Courthouse District; at Brownsville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1050' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Murphy Sand (water, 320') 285 355 Moundsville Sand 450 495 Little Dunkard Sand 610 645 Big Dunkard Sand 705 728 Gas Sand 818 855 Little Lime 1705 1723 Pencil Cave 1723 1751 Big Lime 1751 1804 Big Injun Sand 1804 1830 Squaw Sand 1840 2035 Sand 2083 2130 Berea Sand (gas, 2158') 2154 2197 Fifty-foot Sand 2210 2235 Thirty-foot Sand 2325 2375 Gordon Stray Sand 2385 2397 Gordon Sand 2408 2418 Fourth Sand 2457 2470 Fifth Sand 2537 2570 Total depth 2680 The present rock pressure of this well is reported to be 400 to 440 pounds. Thomas Barnes No. 2456 Well Record (525). Courthouse District; on branch of Washburn Run, 1.4 miles north- east of Brownsville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; eleva- tion, 1225' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 145 150 Sand, Maxton 1675 1700 Big Lime 1785 1915 Sand, Big Injun (oil show) 1915 2015 Sand, Berea 2138 2198 Sand, Fifty-foot 2215 2257 Sand, Gordon Stray 2382 2393 Sand, Gordon (gas) 2435 2475 Total depth 2504 The Louis Bennett No. 1 (526), the record of which is published in the section for Brownsville, page 64, was a gas well in the Gordon Sand. 400 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. P. J. Dyer No. 2281 Well Record (527). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 0.5 mile north of Brownsville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 8, 1911; elevation, 1130' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 120 125 Grafton Sand , 495 506 Moundsville Sand 535 575 Little Dunkard Sand 668 708 Big Dunkard Sand 770 810 Gas Sand 852 930 Little Lime 1782 1794 Pencil Cave 1794 1822 Big Lime 1822 1872 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1958') 1872 2004 Squaw Sand.... 2021 2053 Sand 2121 2149 Berea Sand (gas, 2224-70') 2218 2272 Fifty-foot Sand 2340 2375 Thirty-foot Sand 2394 2435 Gordon Stray Sand * 2454 2462 Gordon Sand 2464 2479 Fifth Sand (berak, 2624-7') 2613 2631 Total depth 2706 Several wells have been drilled in the eastern end of the district between the Grassland Syncline and Weston, most of which have been light gassers. The eight following records are from this locality : Louis Bennett No. 4 Well Record (529). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 1.5 miles south of Wes- ton; authority, Louis Bennett. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded (water, 1 bailer, 120') 0 1 20 Coal, Redstone 120 124 Sand, Moundsville 500 526 Sand, Little Dunkard 635 660 Sand, Gas 935 956 Sand, Salt 1075 1194 Sand, Salt 1390 1475 Sand 1510 1530 Sand, Maxton 1680 1715 Little Lime 1779 1786 Pencil Cave 1786 1824 Big Lime 1824 1879 Sand, Big Injun 1879 2062 Sand, Squaw 2062 2098 Sand, Berea ...2220 2222 _ o WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 4OI Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Fifty-foot 2295 2345 Sand, Thirty-foot 2415 2422 Red rock 2450 2458 Sand, Gordon Stray 2458 2478 Sand, Gordon 2485 2575 Total depth 2707 10" casing, 200'; 8%", 900'; 6%", 1918'; dry hole; casing pulled; lead plug at I960'. Louis Bennett No. 3 Well Record (530). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 1.5 miles south of Wes- ton; authority, Louis Bennett; elevation, 1035' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 22 Sand, Murphy 250 265 Unrecorded (2 bailers water, 440') 265 736 Sand, Burning Springs 736 770 Sand, Gas 820 850 Sand, Second Cow Run 885 920 Sand, Salt (little water, 970') 930 1060 Sand, Salt 1085 1245 Red rock 1380 1400 Red rock 1560 1590 Sand, Maxton 1590 1000 Little Lime 1665 1685 Pencil Cave 1685 1690 Big Lime 1690 1735 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1773'; little oil, 1778') 1735 I860 Sand, Berea (gas. 2093') and unrecorded to bot- tom.., ..2088 2123 John Dennison No. 4054 Well Record (531). Courthouse District; 1.4 miles south of Weston; authority, Pitts- burgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 17, 1912; elevation, 1278' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 260 262 Sand, Moundsville 705 719 Sand, Burning Springs 975 1005 Sand, Second Cow Run 1136 1190 Big Lime 1865 1980 Sand, Big Injun 1980 2095 Sand, Berea' (little gas) 2240 2250 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas) 2345 2367 Total depth 2370 4Q2 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Jackson Arnold No. 3198 Well Record (532). Courthouse District; on West Fork River, 1.0 mile south of Wes- ton; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 10, 1913; ele- vation, 1290' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 755 770 Burning Springs Sand 900 935 Second Cow Run Sand (water, 1165') 1135 1255 Salt Sand 1280 1310 Unrecorded (water, 1575') 1310 1610 Red rock 1610 Little Lime 1894 1914 Pencil Cave 1914 1920 Big Lime '. 1920 1970 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2079') 1975 2106 Squaw Sand 2112 Berea Sand (gas, 2321-6') 2309 2350 Total depth 2384 Weston Electric Co. No. 1 Well Record (533). Courthouse District, 0.3 mile south of Weston; authority, Weston Electric Co.; completed, 1905; elevation, 1075' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Little Pittsburgh 20 22 Sand, Murphy 190 215 Sand, Big Dunkard 600 645 Sand, Burning Springs 706 726 Coal, Lower Kittanning 775 780 Sand, Second Cow Run 787 822 Sand, Salt 830 860 Sand, Salt 935 944 Sand, Salt 1035 1050 Sand, Salt 1066 1079 Sand, Salt 1215 1240 Red rock 1250 Lime 1355 1410 Red rock 1415 1470 Little Lime 1495 1505 Pencil Cave 1517 1525 Big Lime 1525 Sand, Big Injun 1650 Sand, Berea 1977 Sand, Fifty-foot (steel line, 2012') 2008 Red rock 2155 2160 Sand, Gordon Stray 2190 2202 Sand, Gordon (light gas) 2243 2258 Sand, Fourth 2265 2300 Sand, Fifth (light gas) 2410 2413 Total depth 2450 Conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 140'; 8%", 865'. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 403 According to J. S. Mitchell, Superintendent of the pov/er plant, this well was a light gasser, being used to run the plant for one season, after which the production declined. Like the other wells of this locality, it is located too near the syncline to be in good gas territory. A. B. Brannon No. 4002 Well Record (535). Courthouse District; on Town Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Weston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1110' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Maxton 1555 1595 Big Lime 1660 1720 Sand, Big Injun 1720 1840 Sand, Gordon Stray 2280 2290 Sand, Gordon (gas), to bottom 2300 2314 L. L. Wilson No. 4047 Well Record (535 A). Courthouse District; 1.4 miles S. 20° E. of Weston; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1255' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 200 205 Big Lime 1770 1845 Sand, Big Injun (oil show) 1845 1965 Sand, Squaw 1975 1995 Sand, Fifty-foot 2245 2295 Sand, Thirty-foot 2335 2360 Sand, Gordon Stray 2420 2435 Sand, Gordon 2440 2465 Sand, Fourth 2500 2520 Sand, Fifth (gas) 2642 2651 Total depth , 2663 L. L. Wilson No. 1948 Well Record (536). Courthouse District; at head of Town Run, 1.6 miles southeast of Weston; authority, Pittsburgh & W:.Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1185' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Second Cow Run 945 975 Sand, Salt 985 1095 Sand, Salt 1274 1380 Sand, Maxton 1597 1617 Big Lime 1671 1761 Sand, Big Injun '.'. : 1761 1896 Sand, Berea 2011 2023 404 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. TOD. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Fifty-foot (gas) 2110 2165 Sand 2165 2169 Sand, Thirty-foot (oil show) 2212 2235 Sand, Gordon Stray and Gordon 2272 2397 Sand, Fourth 2417 2429 Sand, Fifth 2490 2505 Total depth 2602 Several wells have been drilled along Skin Creek, east of the Roanoke Syncline. The structure east of this basin rises in a gentle monocline all the way to the Upshur Line, and all the wells drilled along it, with the exception of a few oil wells in Collins Settlement District, have been light gassers or dry holes. The four following records are from this locality : W. G. Bennett No. 2033 Well Record (537). Courthouse District; on Wolf Fork, 1.0 mile south of Brownsville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1145' B. Top. Bottom. . Feet. Feet. Sand, Burning Springs 850 900 Sand, Gas 970 1000 Sand, Salt 1100 1250 Sand, Salt 1290 1500 Big Lime 1795 1900 Sand, Big Injun 1900 2060 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas) 2255 2310 Sand, Gordon Stray 2390 2435 Sand, Gordon (oil show) 2445 2495 Sand, Fifth 2640 2650 Total depth 2760 E. A. Bennett No. 2011 Well Record (538). Courthouse District; on Skin Creek, 1.0 mile southeast of Browns- ville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1040' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt 1176 1201 Sand, Salt 1266 1334 Sand, Salt 1344 1422 Sand, Maxton 1660 1685 Big Lime 1718 1798 Sand, Big Injun 1798 1948 Sand, Berea (gas show) 2120 2156 Sand, Gordon Stray 2332 2362 Sand, Gordon, and unrecorded to bottom 2370 2412 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 405 E. A. Bennett No. 2071 Well Record (539). Courthouse District; on Skin Creek, 0.8 mile southeast of Browns- ville; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; elevation, 1255' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Redstone 260 265 Sand, Salt 1220 1320 Sand, Salt 1465 1550 . Sand, Maxton 1835 1865 Big Lime 1900 2015 Sand, Big Injun ;... .2015 2140 Sand, Fifty foot (gas show) 2350 2384 Sand, Gordon Stray 2525 2565 Sand, Gordon (gas) and unrecorded to bottom.. 2600 2630 The Elias M. Stalnaker No. 1 (540), drilled by the Pitts- burgh and West Virginia Gas Company, was reported to have made a show of gas, but its record was not secured. The fol- lowing well, in addition to its gas production from the Berea Sand, showed a little black oil : S. O. Rittenhouse No. 2601 Well Record (541). Courthouse District; on Sleepcamp Run, 1.6 miles northeast of Finster; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, June 22, 1912; elevation, 1170' B. Little Dunkard Sand Top. Feet. 365 Bottom. Feet. 395 Big Dunkard Sand 465 480 590 710 Second Cow Run Sand 836 970 Salt Sand ""020 1072 1652 1660 1669 1679 1679 1694 169^ 1750 Big Injun Sand 1750 1910 Berea Sand (gas 2105-11') 2105 Total depth. . 2113 The W. R. Jewel No. 1 (543), drilled by White and Chid- ister. was reported to have made a small amount of gas, but was abandoned. Its record was not secured. Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Courthouse District. — Almost the entire area of Courthouse District has already been tested for gas and oil, only a fewr small portions remaining 4o6 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. untried. The most profitable results in the future will prob- ably be secured by drilling for gas in numerous farms that still remain untouched in the areas that have been tested and have proved to be good, as shown on Map II. Attention is called to the following localities for new production: (1), The northwestern corner of the district between the 700-foot struc- ture contour and the Freemans Creek District Line, along Oldfield Fork and Raccoon Run, for gas in the Gordon and Fifth Sands; (2), A small amount of territory, about one-half mile square, just northwest of Copley for an extension of the Copley Pool in the Gordon Sand; (3), Further drilling along both sides of the Orlando Anticline for gas in sands ranging from the Berea to the Fifth; (4), The eastern part of the dis- trict along Wolf Fork of Skin Creek for gas in sands ranging from the Berea to the Fifth. Detailed Well Records, Skin Creek District. Skin Cre6k District occupies a small portion of the east- ern part of the county next to Upshur. Its entire area is in- cluded within the long monoclinal slope east of the Grass- land and Roanoke Synclines, that rises steadily to the Upshur Line. Only seven wells have been drilled in the district, and of these only two have produced gas in commercial quantity, the others being dry holes or having light shows of gas or oil. The records of five of these wells are available. The Skin Creek Station of the Pittsburgh and West Vir- ginia Gas Company, located at the mouth of Skin Creek, one- third mile south of Brownsville, completed January 1, 1915, according to S. L. Montgomery, Engineer in Charge, has an equipment that includes one Nordberg Cross-Compound Con- densing Steam Engine of 1200 horse-power, two 19-inch gas cylinders, four Babcock and Wilcox 335 horse-power boilers of the water tube type. The gas is cooled by the usual device of running the pipes through a pool of water. The following well was a good gasser from the Gordon Sand and was reported to have made a little black oil from the Big Lime: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 407 G. C. Spaur No. 2493 Well Record (544). Skin Creek District; on Skin Creek, 1.0 mile southeast of Alkires Mills; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, May 22, 1912; ele- vation, 1055' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 400 480 Second Cow Run Sand 690 785 Salt Sand 1030 1170 Salt Sand 1180 1275 Little Lime 1561 1581 Pencil Cave 1581 1587 Big Lime 1587 1652 Big Injun Sand 1652 1792 Berea Sand 1951 1969 Fifty-foot Sand 2034 2050 Gordon Stray Sand 2195 2204 Gordon Sand (gas, 2207-28') 2205 2228 Total depth 2230 The following well, drilled near by, was a good gasser: W. R. Jewel No. 4070 Well Record (545). Skin Creek District; on Skin Creek, 0.5 mile northwest of Jewel School; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 7, 1912; elevation, 1310' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Second Cow Run 1075 1090 Sand, Salt 1328 1510 Sand, Salt. 1514 . 1"624 Big Lime 1876 1975 Sand, Big Injun 1975 2118 Sand, Berea 2175 2200 Sand, Fifty-foot 2355 2386 Sand, Thirty-foot 2391 2435 Sand, Gordon Stray 2444 2475 Sand, Gordon 2479 2495 Total depth 2514 Pressure in 3" tubing, at end of 40 minutes, 900 Ibs. The Albert Gould No. 1 (546), drilled along Skin Creek, one mile above the Spaur well, was reported to have made a large amount of salt water and enough gas to run the drill- ing machinery, but was abandoned as a dry hole. The fol- lowing well was drilled at the head of Skin Creek, near the Upshur Line, and made a show of both oil and gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole : 408 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. John R. Francis No. 3287 Well Record (547). Skin Creek District; on Skin Creek, 2.1 miles north of Frenchton; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Feb. 10, 1914; elevation, 1230' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (water, 385' and 390') 280 400 Second Cow Run Sand 530 560 Salt Sand .-.. 710 775 Salt Sand 835 875 Salt Sand 930 990 Maxton Sand 1315 1330 Little Lime 1360 1380 Big Lime 1390 1495 Big Injun Sand 1495 1595 Squaw Sand 1615 1700 Berea Sand 1740 1795 Fifty-foot Sand 1830 1845 Thirty-foot Sand (gas, 1996') 1988 2007 Gordon Sand 2085 2125 Fourth Sand (oil show) 2156 2166 Fifth Sand (oil show) 2282 2289 Total depth 2662 The following well was reported to have made some gas, but was drowned out by salt water and abandoned as a dry hole: J. D. Butcher No. 1 Well Record (548). Skin Creek District; on Little Skin Creek, 0.5 mile northwest of Clark School; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, July 10, 1912; elevation, 1050' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Burning Springs 590 615 Sand, Gas 621 681 Sand, Second Cow Run 810 935 Sand, Salt 1070 1130 Sand, Salt 1155 1275 Sand, Maxton 1510 1518 Big Lime 1595 1690 Sand, Big Injun 1690 1790 Sand, Squaw 1840 1850 Sand, Berea 1992 2002 Sand, Fifty-foot 2052 2070 Sand, Thirty-foot 2105 2130 Sand, Gordon Stray 2190 Sand, Gordon 2245 2285 Sand, Fifth, to bottom (steel line, 2416') 2414 2424 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 4OQ The George Simons No. 1 (549), drilled on Hershman Run, one mile northeast of Georgetown, was reported to have made a show of oil and gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole. Its record could not be secured. The following well, the record of which was published in Volume I, page 255, of the Survey, made a show of oil in what seems to be the Fourth Sand. Numerous revisions are made in the correlation of the sands and coals in this record, made possible by much more detailed information than was available when the record was first published: Perry Summers No. 1 Well Record (550). Skin Creek District; on Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, 2.3 miles southeast of Horner; authority, C. E. Griffiths; elevation, 1060' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Surface, brown, soft 15 15 Gravel, brown, soft 10 25 Red, soft 125 150 Brown, soft 75 225 Slate, to lime, white, hard and soft 250 475 Sand, white, hard, Burning Springs 30 505 Slate and shell, white, hard 20 525 Sand, white, hard, Gas 30 555 Coal, soft (water), Lower Kittanning 12 567 Sand, white, hard, Second Cow Run 20 587 Slate, white, soft 13 600 Sand, gray, hard, Second Cow Run 30 630 Slate, brown, soft 5 635 Sand, gray, hard 5 640 Coal, soft (water), Mercer 5 645 Sand, gray, hard (water), Salt 95 740 Slate and limestone, brown and hard 68 808 Sand, gray, hard, Salt 15 823 Limestone, pale brown, hard 17 840 Sand, gray, pebbly, Salt 20 860 Slate, black and soft 10 870 Sand, gray, hard, Salt 45 915 Slate, black, soft 55 970 Limestone, blue, hard 20 990 Sand, gray, hard, Salt 50 1040 Limestone, blue, hard 10 1050 Sand, white and yellow, hard, Salt 150 1200 Red rock, soft 100 1300 Sand, light gray, hard (water), Maxton (cased, 614") 65 1365 4IO PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Limestone, dark brown 30' ") Limestone, gray 5 | Limestone, white 50 f- Big Lime 100 1465 Limestone, brown 15 J Sand, gray, Keener 5 1470 Limestone, white 30 1500 Sand, gray, Big Injun 10 1510 Red rock 5 1515 Limestone, white 55 1570 Sand, white, Squaw 10 1580 Limestone, dark gray 10 1590 Limestone, black 10 1600 Slate and shell 50 1650 Sand, white, Weir 10 1660 Slate, black 5 1665 Sand, white 10 1675 Slate, black 5 1680 Sand, white, Berea 90 1770 Slate, black, soft 5 1775 Sand, white, hard, Fifty-foot 60 1835 Slate, black, soft 5 1840 Sand, white, hard, Thirty-foot 25 1865 Red rock, and sand shells, red and gray 115 1980 Sand, gray and white, Gordon 70 2050 Slate and shells, white and brown 90 2140 Sand, white and pebbly (oil show), Fourth.. 20 2160 Slate, black, soft 5 2165 Sand, white, hard, Fifth 15 2180 Slate and shells, black 60' 2240 Slate and shells, black and white 10 2250 Slate, white, soft 40 2290 Slate, white, hard 10 2300 Slate, white, to bottom 101 2401 Several wells have been drilled along the head of Stone- coal Creek, in the edge of Upshur County, some of which have been light gas producers, while others have been aban- doned as dry holes. The records of six of these wells, kept with exceeding care by Mr. J. J. Singleton, Manager of the Buckhannon Relief Oil and Gas Company, will be published both for their information on oil and gas and for the valuable data on coal that they contain. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 411 James R. White No. 1 Well Record (552). Buckhannon District, Upshur County; on Stonecoal Creek, 1.4 miles southwest of Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; elevation, 1150' L. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 10 10 Lime (hole full of water) 14 24 Slate 6 30 Lime 40 70 Slate 13 83 Coal, Brush Creek 2 85 Slate 15 100 Lime ..*...; 15 115 Slate 25 140 Lime 23 163 Slate (water, 20 bailers) 24 187 Lime 13 200 Slate 5 205 Sand, Big Dunkard (hole full of water) 20 225 Slate (water) 5 230 Coal, Upper Freeport 8 238 Slate 12 250 Lime 14 264 Slate 36 300 Lime 5 305 Coal, Upper Kittanning 5 310 Slate 20 330 Sand, Gas (water ran over hole) 31 361 Black slate 14 375 Lime '. 14 389 Black slate • 11 400 White slate 46 446 Lime 54 500 Sand, Salt 33 533 Lime 17 550 Sand. Salt 13 563 Slate and shells (gas forced water over derrick) . . 59 622 Lime 18 640 Slate 7 647 Sand, Salt 103 750 Slate and shells 95 845 Salt Sand 63 908 Black slate 6 914 Lime 16 930 Black slate 30 960 Sand, Salt 20 980 Slate 4 984 Sand, Salt 46 1030 Red rock 10 1040 Lime 15 1055 Slate and shells 31 1086 Red' rock and shells 14 1100 Red rock 55 1155 Lime 10 1165 Red rock.. 15 1180 412 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Lime 8 1188 White slate 12 1200 Lime 10 1210 Slate 25 1235 Red rock 20 1255 Big Lime 62 1317 Big Injun Sand (red rock at 1380'; show of oil, 1438%'; lots of parafflne, looked like slush).. 143 1460 Slate 10 1470 Lime 14 1484 Squaw Sand 54 1538 Slate 22 1560 Sand, Weir 50 1610 Slate and shells 20 1630 Sand, white, Berea 10 1640 Slate 10 1650 Fifty-foot Sand 50 1700 Slate 8 1708 Lime 10 1718 Red rock 10 1728 Lime 22 1750 Red rock 5 1755 Lime 15 1770 Red rock 9 1779 Sand, Thirty-foot 66 1845 Slate and shells 22 1867 Gordon Stray Sand (slate at 1890'; steel line, 1906'; show of oil and little gas, 1904') 45 1912 Slate and shells 21 1933 Sand, Gordon 12 1945 Slate and shells 40 1985 Sand 35 2020 Fourth Sand (gas, 2048V2', steel line) 36 2056 Slate and shells 104 2160 Slate 50 2210 Sandy slate 20 2230 Lime : 35 2265 Slate 5 2270 Black slate 15 2285 Bayard Sand and shells 23 2308 Slate, soft 37 2345 Sandy lime 20 2365 Slate 35 2400 Slate and shells 65 2465 Bastard lime 25 2490 Slate and shells to bottom 314 2804 The above well made a little gas, but was soon abandoned. The following well was abandoned as a dry" hole, but makes a little gas that is used in the Krise residence: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 413 Jacob Krise No. 1 Well Record (553). Buckhannon District, Upshur County; on Brushlick Run, 2.3 miles southwest of Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; ele- vation, 1255' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 120 120 Coal 2 122 Unrecorded 23 145 Coal, Brush Creek 5 150 Unrecorded 110 260 Sand, Big Dunkard 20 280 Unrecorded 80 360 Sand 5 365 Unrecorded 20 385 Coal, Upper Kittanning (water and gas, 388') 5 390 Unrecorded 82 472 Sand shells 23 495 Unrecorded 35 530 Sand, Second Cow Run 25 555 Slate 55 610 Lime shells 46 656 Lime 10 666 Sand, Salt 29 695 Lime shells 25 720 Sand, Salt (gas, 795'; steel line) 135 855 Slate 40 895 Sand, Salt 10 905 Slate and shells 95 1000 Sand, Salt 75 1075 Slate 10 1085 Red rock 25 1110 Slate 21 1131 Lime 45 1176 Red rock 34 1210 Lime 20 1230 Red rock 22 1252 Little Lime 8 1260 Pencil Cave 6 1266 Big Lime 115 1381 Sand, Big Injun (steel line) 44 1425 Red rock 6 1 431 Sand 5 1436 Red rock 12 1448 Sand 6 1454 Lime 36 1490 Sand (oil show, 1515') 30' ] Slate (steel line, 1525') 10 f Squaw 60 1550 Sand 20 J Slate 5 1555 Sand, Weir 75 1630 Slate 5 1635 Sand (pebbles at 1641') Berea 30 1665 Slate 49 1714 Sand, Gantz 20 1734 414 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slate ........................................... 7 1741 Sand, Fifty-foot ................................. 32 1773 Red rock ....................................... 5 1825 Sand, Thirty-foot ................................ 20 1845 Red rock ....................................... 22 1867 Sand, Gordon Stray ............................. 30 1897 Red rock, sand slate (steel line) ................. 52 1949 Sand shells ...... . .............................. ' 13 1962 Sand, Gordon (show of oil and gas) .............. 10 1972 Red rock ....................................... 23 1995 Sand shells ..................................... 3 1998 Slate and sand shells (oil smell, 2050') .......... 59 2057 Sand, Fourth ................................... 14 2071 Slate, sand shells ............................... 33 2104 Sand, dark, Fifth (oil smell, 2112') ............... 8 2112 Slate, black ..................................... 26 2138 Sand and slate break ............................ 97 2235 Lime shells ..................................... 5 2240 Slate .......................................... 23 2263 Sand, Bayard (gas) (steel line, 2267') ............ 10 2273 Sand and slate ................................. 43 2316 Slate and lime shells ............................ 10 2335 Sand, Elizabeth (oil or gas smell) ............... 42 2377 Slate to bottom (steel line) ..................... 27 2404 John Smith No. 1 Well Record (554). Buckhannon District, Upshur County; on Brushlick Run, 2.5 miles southwest of Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; ele- vation, 1365' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor ..................................... 16 16 Unrecorded ..................................... 4 20 Red clay ....................................... 10 30 Lime .......................................... 10 40 Red rock ....................................... 10 50 White slate .................................... . 10 60 Coal, Bakerstown ................................ 2 62 Slate .......................................... 13 75 Lime .......................................... 5 80 Slate .......................................... 4 84 Lime, white ..................................... 16 100 Red rock ............................... ; ....... 25 125 Sand ........................................... 25 150 Slate .......................................... 50 200 Sand, Big Dunkard ............................... 30 230 Slate .......................................... 30 260 Coal, Upper Freeport ........................... 5 265 Slate .......................................... 10 275 Lime .......................................... 35 310 Slate ........ .15 325 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 415 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Lime 35 360 Slate 20 380 Sand, Burning Springs 20 400 Slate 50 450 Sand, Gas 35 485 Slate 5 490 Coal, Lower Kittanning 2 492 Slate, black 28 520 Lime, white 20 540 Slate 30 570 Sand, very hard, Second Cow Run 20 590 Slate 15 605 Sand, Salt : 70 675 Sand, hard 65 740 Sand, black, Salt 50 790 Lime white 20 810 Slate, white 5 815 Sand, Salt 25 840 Slate, black 20 860 Salt Sand 95 955 Slate, black 85 1040 Sand, Salt 15 1055 Slate 70 1125 Sand, Salt 65 1190 Reds 20 1210 Sand 75 1285 Slate 5 1290 Sand, Maxton 40 1330 Reds 25 1355 Slate and shells 65 1420 Red rock 10 1430 Big Lime 65 1495 Sand (gas) 5'] Lime 40 }• Big Injun... 65 1560 Sand 20 1 Reds 5 1565 Lime 65 1630 Slate 10 1640 Sand 10 1650 Reds 5 1655 Slate 5 1660 Squaw Sand 20 1680 Slate 15 1695 Sand 40 1735 Slate 15 1750 Sand, Weir 30 1780 Slate 10 1790 Sand, hard 10 1800 Slate 5 1805 Berea Sand 90 1895 Red rock 20 1915 Sand ...:.. 5 1920 Red rock 25 1945 Sand Fiftv-foot 5 1950 Red rock 20 1970 416 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand • 15 1985 Red rock 15 2000 Sand, Thirty-foot 20 2020 Slate . 5 2025 Reds 25 2050 Sand, Gordon Stray 15 2065 Red rock 12 2077 Gordon Sand (gas, 2088%') 13 2090 Slate 20 2110 Sand 20 2130 Slate 43 2173 Fourth Sand Unrecorded to bottom 147 2320 The above well is a light gasser. Louvina Linger No. 1 Well Record (556). Buckhannon District, Upshur County; on Pigeonroost Run, 1.6 miles northeast of Abbott; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; elevation, 1380' B. Thickness Total Feet. Feet. Red clay 5 5 Red rock 20 25 Sandy lime 11 36 Red rock 49 85 White slate 25 110 Gray lime 12 122 White slate 3 125 Coal, Bakerstown 1 126 Dark slate 1 127 Gray lime 2 129 White slate 13 142 Blue lime 14 156 Reds 24 180 Lime 30 210 Sand, (water), Big Dunkard 24 234 Slate 12 246 Coal, (show of gas), Upper Freeport 8 254 Black slate 6 260 Lime 81 341 Slate, white 15 356 Lime 20 376 Sand, Burning Springs 16 392 Black shale 8 400 Gray lime 52 452 Black shale and sand, Gas (gas) 11 483 Black slate 7 470 Lime . . . : 7 477 Coal, Lower Kittanning 8 485 Slate 23 513 Sand, Second Cow Run 44 557 Black slate 13 570 Lime shale, first gas sand 70 640 o o .-P-. >> ... U o in x >-5 en" O 21 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 417 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, hard, Salt 112 752 Slate and sand 26 778 Black shale 17 795 White slate 99 894 Slate 12 906 Black shale 24 930 Sand and shells, Salt 86 1016 White sand, Salt 14 1030 Slate and shell 45 1075 White sand, Salt. 25 1100 Black slate 16 1116 Hard sand, Salt 64 1180 Red rock 20 1200 Lime 32 1232 Maxton Sand 59 1291 Red rock 56 1347 Slate and shells 25 1372 Lime 19 1391 White slate 9 1400 Lime 12 1412 Red rock 5 1417 Little Lime 13 1430 Pencil Cave 3 1433 Big Lime 39 1472 Bfg Iniun Sand (gas, 1478'; show of oil, 1490')... 154 1626 Slate * 4 1630 Sand (oil and ' water', 'ieSO'V.. '25 j S9uaw 40 167° Slate and shells 10 1680 Lime 5 1685 Sand 19 1704 Slate and lime shells 19 1723 Sand, Weir. 35 1758 Slate and shells 9 1767 Sand 33 1800 Slate and shells 10 1810 Sand, Berea 67 1877 Red rock 64 1941 Lime 8 1949 Red rock 41 1990 Sand and shells, Fifty-foot 6 1996 Red rock 56 2052 Sand Thirty-foot (show of oil and gas, 2058') 14 2066 Slate 5 2071 Lime shells 8 2079 Lime, sandy 24 2103 Slate 49 2152 Gordon Sand (gas, 2154-64') 34 2186 Slate and shells 40 2226 Sand and shells, Fourth 4 2230 Slate and shells 167 2397 Sand and shells, Bayard 3 2400 Unrecorded to bottom 10 2410 The above well produces gas from the Gordon Sand. 418 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. J. F. Gould No. 1 Well Record (558). Buckhannon District, Upshur County; on Pigeonroost Run, 1.5 miles north of Abbott; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; elevation, 1220' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 12 12 Slate 66 78 Lime 29 ^07 Slate 15 122 Coal, Upper Freeport Slate 8 133 Lime 19 152 Slate 34 186 Lime 17 203 Slate and shells • 17 220 Slate 16 236 Lime 32 268 Slate 12 280 Lime 24 304 Slate 56 360 Lime 45 405 Sand, Second Cow Run. 95 500 Sand 16 516 Slate 34 550 Sand, Salt 22 572 Slate 23 595 Lime 63 658 Slate and shells 48 706 Sand, Salt 76 782 Slate and shells 24 806 Sand, hard, Salt 36 842 Sand, Salt - 58 900 Slate and shells 80 980 Sand, Salt 83 1063 Red rock 29 1092 Sand 22 1114 Lime 56 1170 Red rock 30 1200 Lime 15 1215 White slate 8 1223 Lime 12 1235 Slate and shells 33 1268 Little Lime 18 1286 Pencil Cave 6 1292 Big Lime 54 1346 Big Injun Sand 147 1493 Slate 7 1500 Squaw Sand 18 1518 Slate 10 1528 Sand, Weir 55 1583 Slate and shells 77 1660 Sand, Berea 75 1735 Red rock 26 1761 Slate and shells... 15 1776 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 419 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Red rock 133 1909 Sand, Thirty-foot (gas, 1917') 24 1933 Slate and shells 97 2030 Sand, Gordon 34 2064 Slate and shells 36 2100 Slate 54 2154 Lime 3 2157 Slate and unrecorded to bottom 98 2255 The above well is a light gasser in the Thirty-foot Sand. James Duncan No. 1 Well Record (559). Meade District, Upshur County; on Bearpen Fork, 1.4 miles north- west of Abbott; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co.; eleva- tion, 1365' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Clay 5 5 Red rock 15 20 Lime 65 85 Red rock 25 110 Slate .' 25 135 Lime 15 150 Coal, Bakerstown 2 152 Slate 28 180 Lime 76 256 Slate 12 268 Coal, Upper Freeport 6 274 Slate 109 383 Sand, Gas 47 430 Slate 47 477 Coal, Lower Kittanning 6 483 Slate 25 508 Sand, Second Cow Run (water, 509') 22 530 Slate 5 535 Sand 15 550 Slate 61 611 Lime and shells 19 630 Sand, Salt 1.5 645 Slate and shells 15 660 Lime 10 670 Slate 30 700 Sand 12 712 Slate 38 750 Slate and shells 40 790 Salt Sand 55 845 Slate 40 885 Salt Sand 35 920 Slate 6 926 Sand, Salt 14 940 Black slate 40 980 Lime and shells 15 995 420 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Black slate 15 1010 Lime 30 1040 Black slate 60 1100 Salt Sand, hard, (gas, 1102') 15 1115 Slate 13 1128 Salt Sand (light show of oil, 1155') 72 1200 Red rock 27 1227 Lime 61 1288 Lime, hard 10 1298 Red rock 19 1317 Sand, hard 15 1332 White slate 5 1337 Lime 23 1360 Sand, white and hard (water, 1366'), Maxton 15 1375 White slate 7 1382 Lime 18 1400 White slate 20 1420 Red rock 5 1425 Little Lime 6 1431 Pencil Cave 5 1436 Big Lime 50 1486 Big Injun Sand (show of oil 1675') 194 1680 Slate 5 1685 Sand, hard, Squaw (water, 1720') 35 1720 Sand, soft, Weir 45 1765 Slate and shells 51 1816 Sand, Berea 85 1901 Red rock 73 1974 Lime 8 1982 Red rock and shells 28 2010 Sand shells, white, Thirty -foot 45 2055 Red rock, gritty, with sand shells 25 2080 Brown sand, Gordon Stray 20 2100 Slate and sand shells 30 2130 Sand shells, hard, Gordon 5 2135 Slate, white and soft 10 2145 Sandy lime 15 2160 Slate and shells 40 2200 Sand, hard and white, Fourth 25 2225 Sand, soft and broken 5 2230 Slate and sand shells 5 2235 Slate, soft 27 2262 Sand, hard, Fifth (gas) 6 2268 Slate, white (steel line, 2284') 127 2395 Sand shell 20 2415 Chocolate sand, Bayard 20 2435 Slate, dark 15 2450 Slate, light 25 2475 White slate 45 2520 Slate and shells 35 2555 "Driller reported gas at 2262'-2268', but other man said it was lower down. H. A. Darnall reported gas in chocolate sand." The above well made only a light showing of gas and was abandoned as a dry hole. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 421 .Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Skin Creek District. — The fact that Skin Creek District does not contain any anti- clines or synclines, but has only a monoclinal structure, with few abrupt changes of dip, as well as the additional informa- tion supplied by the records of the several wells drilled in or around it, few of which have been producers of consequence, leads to the belief that further drilling will prove hazardous. The following suggestions are offered regarding the further testing of this district: (1), The presence of gas in the lower sands in the western part of the district and also in the same group of sands along the Upshur Line, both on the head of Stonecoal and at Frenchton, makes it seem probable that these three gas areas could be connected by wells drilled along Big and Little Skin Creeks. (2), The show of Big Injun oil in Wells Nos. 552, 556 and 559, and the oil found in the Fourth Sand in Wells Nos. 547 and 550, as well as considerable gas in the same sands along the Upshur Line, offers a faint hope that oil may be found at the cove-like structural terrace on Straight Run of the Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, and along the wide terrace north of Vandalia, between the 1325 and 1350-foot structure contours in the vicinity of Pine Knob. Detailed Well Records, Collins Settlement District. Collins Settlement District, occupying the extreme south- eastern part of the county, and having its structure diversi- fied by the Orlando Anticline, and the Roanoke Syncline along its western border and the long monoclinal slope on the east and south, has been prospected to a considerable ex- tent for oil and gas, with fairly successful results on the west and indifferent returns on the east and south. No producing oil wells have been found, although important showings have been made in several localities, but gas is found in considera- ble volume in the western part. Just north of Frenchton in Upshur County, near the Col- lins Settlement District Line, six wells have been drilled, some of which produce gas. The Hazen Phillips No. 2659 (560) was a light gasser from the Thirty-foot Sand and the 422 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Hazen Phillips No. 2658 (561) was a light gasser from- the Gordon. The J. S. Douglass No. 1 (562) was a dry hole, and the Charles M. Hyre No. 2656 (563) made gas from the Gor- don and Fourth, the best production being in the former sand. The Gordon B. Talbott No. 2657 (564) made a little gas in the Gordon, and the George P. Talbott No. 3416 (565) made shows of gas in the Big Injun, Berea and Fourth Sands, but was abandoned as a dry hole. In the neighborhood of Roanoke several wells have been drilled along the shallow Roanoke Syncline, some of which have produced gas. The record of the C. W. Watson No. 2554 (570) was published in the section for Roanoke, page 67. The well was a dry hole. The five following records are available from this locality : G. VV. Smith No. 2574 Well Record (567). Collins Settlement District; on Sand Fork, 0.8 mile southeast of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 11, 1912; elevation, 1055' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little and Big Dunkard Sands (water, 545') 480 575 Burning Springs Sand 640 700 Second Cow Run Sand 780 925 Salt Sand .930 980 Salt Sand 1060 1400 Unrecorded (water, 1480') 1400 1630 Maxton Sand 1630 1645 Little Lime 1691 1705 Pencil Cave 1705 1720 Big Lime 1720 1800 Big Injun Sand 1800 1940 Berea Sand (gas, 2088') 2085 2115 Gantz Sand 2165 2180 Fifty-foot Sand 2230 2272 Thirty-foot Sand 2300 2330 Gordon Stray Sand 2340 2365 Gordon Sand 2405 2418 Fourth Sand (gas, 2512') 2510 2516 Total depth 3104 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 423 John G. Rohrbaugh No. 2588 Well Record (571). Collins Settlement District; on West Fork River, 0.5 mile north of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, June 24, 1912; elevation, 1150' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Grafton Sand 440 460 Little Dunkard Sand 640 665 Burning Springs Sand 840 885 Salt Sand 1200 - 1350 Salt Sand 1370 1470 Pencil Cave 1875 1895 Big Lime 1895 1970 Big Injun Sand 1970 2080 ' Squaw Sand 2135 2150 Unrecorded (gas in Weir Sand, 2255-7') 2150 2260 Berea Sand 2260 2300 Fifty-foot Sand 2400 2500 Thirty-foot Sand 2500 2540 Fourth Sand (gas, 2710') 2708 2719 Total depth 2779 T. F. Mullooly No. 2575 Well Record (572). Collins Settlement District; on West Fork River, at Roanoke; au thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 8, 1912; elevation, 1060' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 490 510 Gas Sand 650 690 Second Cow Run Sand (water, 740') 720 745 Salt Sand 850 1075 Little Lime 1758 1783 Pencil Cave 1783 1795 Big Lime 1795 1867 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1893') 1867 2012 Squaw Sand 2050 2075 Berea Sand .2160 2180 Fifty-foot Sand 2275 2290 Thirty-foot Sand 2300 2340 Gordon Sand 2470 2480 Fourth Sand (gas, 2600-4') 2598 2606 Total depth 2776 According to W. E. Mullooly, the shooter reported enough oil in this well from the Injun Sand to have made a light pumper, but it was abandoned owing to its isolated location. The following well was a light gasser, the casing being ^24 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. pulled and the well abandoned. It still furnishes gas for domestic purposes: Mary McDonald No. 2595 Well Record (574). Collins Settlement District; on Middle Fork, 1.5 miles west of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, June 28, 1912; elevation 1270' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Murphy Sand 450 465 Grafton Sand ' 550 575 Gas Sand 950 1004 Second Cow Run Sand 1014 1120 Salt Sand 1125 1140 Unrecorded (water, 1810'). 1140 1820 Maxton Sand 1820 1835 Little Lime 1950 1960 Pencil Cave I960 1980 Big Lime 1980 2081 Big Injun Sand 2081 2212 Squaw Sand 2230 2250 Fifty-foot Sand 2515 2540 Fourth Sand (gas, 2812') 2809 2816 Total depth 2994 Susan Swecker No. 2623 Well Record (575). Collins Settlement District; on Right Fork, 2.6 miles northwest of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 30, 1912; elevation, 1285' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 760 790 Gas Sand 890 960 Second Cow Run Sand 1030 1090 Salt Sand 1170 1225 Salt Sand 1420 1550 Maxton Sand 1740 1820 Little Lime 1900 1915 Pencil Cave 1915 1930 Big Lime 1930 1955 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2012') 1985 2130 Fifty-foot Sand 2430 2452 Thirty-foot Sand 2505 2530 Gordon Stray Sand 2539 2557 Fourth Sand 2717 2729 Fifth Sand 2818 2824 Total depth 2920 The above well was reported a light gasser. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 425 Geo. W. Hall No. 2592 Well Record (576). Collins Settlement District; on West Fork River, 0.6 mile south- east of Roanoke; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 9, 1912; elevation, 1165' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 660 700 Burning Springs Sand 770 820 Gas Sand 850 930 Second Cow Run Sand 960 1150 Salt Sand 1200 1500 Maxton Sand 1820 1835 Little Lime 1865 1880 Pencil Cave 1880 1890 Big Lime 1890 1943 Big Injun Sand 1943 2100 Squaw Sand 2100 2160 Berea Sand 2260 2275 Fifty-foot Sand 2375 Sand 2430 2450 Thirty-foot Sand 2452 2480 Gordon Stray Sand 2483 2520 Fourth Sand 2705 2711 Total depth 2921 The above well was reported a dry hole. The Maud Arnold No. 1 (577), drilled at Arnold Station, wa? reported a dry hole, but its record was not obtained. Residents reported that it was drilled by the Southern Oil Company, but this statement was denied by officials of the company. The two following wells were drilled along the eastern slope of the Roanoke Syncline : George Arnold No. 2766 Well Record (578). Collins Settlement District; on Twolick Run, 1.3 miles s6uthwest of Arnold; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.: completed, Jan. 11, 1913; elevation, 1280' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Murphy Sand 465 480 Big Dunkard Sand 810 860 Gas Sand 1040 1135 Second Cow Run Sand 1150 1400 Salt Sand 1410 1470 Maxton Sand 1890 1910 Little Lime 2015 2035 Pencil Cave 2035 2045 Big Lime 2045 2115 Big Injun Sand 2115 2255 426 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Thirty-foot Sand (gas, 2615') 2613 2617 Fourth Sand 2850 2852 Total depth The above well is a producer from the Thirty-foot Sand. George Arnold No. 3225 Well Record (579). Collins Settlement District; on Oil Creek, 0.9 mile northwest of Jacksonville; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Jan. 3, 1914; elevation, 995' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 360 425 Big Dunkard Sand 470 560 Gas Sand 585 675 Salt Sand 1110 1200 Salt Sand 1411 1470 Maxton Sand 1581 1590 Little Lime 1620 1650 Pencil Cave 1650 1670 Big Lime 1670 1750 Big Injun Sand 1750 1865 Squaw Sand 1880 1900 Berea Sand 2065 2068 Fifty-foot Sand (shell) 2100 Gordon Stray Sand 2310 2325 Unrecorded (gas in Fourth Sand, 2459') 2325 2510 Fifth Sand (shell) 2510 Total depth 3000 The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. Several wells have been drilled along the Orlando Anti- cline northeast of Orlando, most of which have been good gas producers. The seven following records are from this locality. The record of the Waters Heirs No. 4 (585), which made gas from the Gordon Stray Sand, was published in the section for Orlando, page 69. Louis Bennett No. 1 Well Record (580). Collins Settlement District; on Second Big Run, 0.8 mile north of Bennett; authority, Guffey & Galey; elevation, 880' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Conductor 22 22 Sand, Murphy 8 30 Slate . 28 58 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 427 Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Lime 15 73 Red rock 45 118 Sand, Moundsville 35 153 Slate 128 281 Lime 74 355 Slate 208 563 Lime 90 653 Red rock 10 663 Lime 25 688 Slate and shells 235 923 Sand, Salt 28 951 Slate 12 963 Lime 55 1018 Slate and shells 140 1158 Sand, Salt 132 1290 Coal 8 1298 Lime 35 1333 Sand, white, Salt 54 1387 Lime 38 1425 Red rock 30 1455 Red limestone, Little Lime 42 1497 Slate, Pencil Cave 12 1509 Big Lime 20 1529 Slate and shells 45 1574 Lime 26 1600 Slate, black 12 1612 Lime 28 1640 Slate 6 1646 Sand, Big Injun, bottom portion 15 1661 Slate and shells 20 1681 Lime, (gas, 1750') (Squaw Sand) 83 1764 Slate 22 1786 Sandy lime 60 1846 Slate 30 1876 Lime 18 1894 Slate and shells 218 2112 Slate, brown 16 2128 Sand, brown, with white pebbles, Gordon Stray. . . 12 2140 Slate and shells 30 2170 Sand, gray, Gordon 37 2207 Slate and shells 60 2267 Pink rock 24 2291 Lime, sandy 12 2303 Slate and shells to bottom 587 2890 The above well was abandoned, but makes considerable gas from a formation recorded as "lime," but probably repre- sents the Squaw Sand. 428 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Louis Bennett No. 2616 Well Record (581). Collins Settlement District; on Second Big Run, 1.8 miles north of Bennett; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Aug. 22, 1912; elevation 1110' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 500 550 Burning Springs Sand 690 710 Salt Sand..* 1050 1160 Salt Sand (gas, 1325') 1310 1340 Salt Sand (gas, 1562-8') 1549 1589 Little Lime 1727 1747 Pencil Cave 1747 1755 Big Lime 1755 1840 Big Injun Sand 1840 1960 Thirty-foot Sand 2327 Gordon Stray Sand 2389 Gordon Sand (gas, 2452') 2450 2475 Total depth 3012 J. H. Groves No. 2733 Well Record (582). Collins Settlement District; on Oil Creek, 0.7 mile southwest of Bennett; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 29, 191*2; elevation, 810' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand (water, 310') 260 310 Big Dunkard Sand 360 395 Gas Sand 515 595 Second Cow Run Sand (water 670') 606 785 Salt Sand 820 900 Salt Sand 915 950 Salt Sand ,..1120 1150 Little Lime 1523 1538 Pencil Cave 1538 1546 Big Lime 1546 1606 Big Injun Sand 1606 1734 Berea Sand (gas, 1950') 1949 1955 Thirty-foot Sand 2097 2103 Gordon Stray Sand 2132 2152 Total depth 2571 The above well made only a show of gas from the Berea Sand, and was abandoned as a dry hole. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 429 Louis Bennett No. 2671 Well Record (583). Collins Settlement District; 0.9 mile northwest of Bennett; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 3, 1912; elevation 1280' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 705 750 Big Dunkard Sand 770 846 Gas Sand 955 1040 Second Cow Run Sand 1050 1140 Salt Sand ....1145 1235 Salt Sand 1265 1310 Maxton Sand (gas, 1786') 1750 1820 Little Lime 1912 1942 Pencil Cave 1942 1950 Big Lime 1950 2037 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2125') 2037 2165 Squaw Sand 2183 2197 Weir Sand 2224 2244 Berea Sand 2400 2412 Fifty-foot Sand 2440 2450 Thirty-foot Sand 2538 2554 Gordon Stray Sand 2567 2597 Gordon Sand Shells. Fourth Sand 2760 2764 Bayard Sand 2915 2923 Total depth 3443 The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. Waters Heirs No. 3 Well Record (586). Collins Settlement District; on Threelick Run, 1.9 miles N. 10° of Orlando; authority, Snaith & Wilson; elevation, 995' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Brush Creek 450 455 Sand, Big Dunkard 500 520 Sand, Burning Springs 580 610 Sand, Second Cow Run and Salt 700 1000 Sand, Maxton 1 450 1600 Little Lime 1620 1640 Big Lime 1646 1700 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1710'; packer set, 1707') .. .1700 1910 Sand, Berea 2000 2025 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas, 2160') , 2158 2180 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2305') 2298 2307 Total depth 2525 3/10" mercury in 2" tubing; volume, 431,000 cu. ft. daily. 430 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Waters Heirs No. 2 Well Record (587). Collins Settlement District; on Threelick Rnu, 2.0 miles N. 5° B. of Orlando; authority, Snaith & Wilson; elevation, 1060' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Bakerstown 380 385 Sand, Little Dunkard 400 440 Sand, Big Dunkard 555 610 Sand, Gas and Second Cow Run 685 960 Sand, Salt 1240. 1270 Sand, Salt 1320 1340 Sand, Maxton (gas, 1630') 1575 1640 Little Lime 1660 1690 Big Lime 1700 1740 Sand Big Injun 1740 1790 Sand, Berea (gas, 2095') 2090 2115 Sand, Fifty-foot (gas, 2233') 2228 2244 Total depth 2474 "Test, 8/10" mercury in 2" tubing; volume, 702,000 cubic feet daily " Waters Heirs No. 1 Well Record (588). Collins Settlement District; on Threelick Run, 2.0 miles N. 15° E. of Orlando; authority, Snaith & Wilson; elevation, 1240' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Moundsville 500 525 Sand, Little Dunkard 590 600 Sand, Big Dunkard 685 735 Coal, Upper Freeport 735 739 Sand, Gas and Second Cow Run 860 1015 Sand, Salt 1035 1200 Sand, Maxton 1825 1840 Little Lime 1845 1870 Big Lime 1875 1920 Sand, Big Injun. 1920 2090 Sand, Squaw 2095 2120 Sand, Thirty-foot 2410 2440 Sand, Gordon Stray (gas, 2496' and 2505') 2491 2508 Total depth 2510 Test, 11/10" mercury in 6%" casing; volume, 8,838,000 cu. ft. daily. No record is available of the E. G. Davisson No. 1 (590), located near Crawford along the West Fork River. Accord- ing to Mr. Davisson, who drilled the well on his own prop- erty, it produced about 100,000 cubic feet of gas daily, most of which was from* the Big Injun, the Gordon Sand having only a small amount. Salt water and a show of oil were also found in the Injun. The rock pressure was 700 pounds. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 43! Three wells have been drilled in the edge of Braxton County, two or three miles west of Ireland. The G. D. Wal- ton No. 1 (592), on the head of Knawl Creek, was reported to have made two shows of gas and a little oil, but was aban- doned as a dry hole. The Samuel Cunningham No. 1 (593), on Pigeonroost Fork of Knawl Creek, was reported to have made a little oil and enough gas to run an engine. The John Ware No. 1 (594), on Right Fork of Falls Creek, just west of Letch, was reported to have made considerable gas, but was abandoned. In the southern panhandle of Lewis and in the adjoining territory of Upshur and Webster, fourteen wells have been drilled, nearly all having made shows of oil and gas, mostly from the lower members of the Pottsville group of sands, which produce oil and gas at Rosedale. Concerning this oil in the panhandle. White6 says the following: "The oil is of light gravity and amber color, but is so mixed up with water that no paying wells have ever been found, although a fine 'showing' has been obtained in nearly every one of the dozen or more wells that have been drilled. It appears to be impossible to case off the water without also shutting out the oil." The records of only a few of these wells are available. According to W. T. Wilson, of Bablin, who drilled several of them, the W. T. Wilson No. 1 (595) made a little oil; the W. T. Wilson No. 2 (596), the record of which is published in Chapter IX, page 167, was a dry hole; the A. K. Wilson No. 2 (597), the record of which is published in the section for Bablin, page 72, made oil and gas from the Salt Sand and a little oil from the Gordon ; the A. K. Wilson No. 1 (598) made oil and gas ; the S. M. Holt No. 1 (599) made oil and gas; the S. M. Holt No. 3 (600) was a dry hole; the S. M. Holt No. 2 (601) made oil and gas; the John Snyder No. 1 (602) was a dry hole; the William Mearns No. 1 (603) was reported to have flowed some thick oil at 230 feet ; the V. S. Lynch No. 1 (603A) was a dry hole ; the G. G. Butcher No. 1 (604), according to a resident, made an oil show and enough gas to blow out water, and "lots of salt water." The well still makes a little gas. The following well was reported to "I. C. White, Vol. I(A), W. Va. G. S., p. 375: 1904. 432 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. have been drilled by a man named Hague, and is said to have made considerable gas, a little oil and much salt water : J. W. Lake No. 1 Well Record (605). Collins Settlement District; on Hacker Camp Run, 1.6 miles south- east of Bablin; elevation, 1250' B. Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. 8*4" casing to rock 40 40 Slate and shell 360 400 Sandy lime (6%" casing, 576') 176 576 Sandy lime, red rock, shale and slate (little gas, 900') 324 900 Unrecorded 70 970 Maxton Sand Pencil Cave 10 980 Big Lime, very white 220 1200 Red rock 15 1215 Sand, Big Injun 185 1400 Sandy lime, red rock 125 1525 White slate with lime shells 175 1700 Sand, hard, close, Thirty-foot (little gas) 20 1720 Slate and shale 95 1815 Hard sand, Gordon Stray 5 1820 Shale 30 1850 Gray sand, Gordon 15 1865 Black shale 20 1885 Sandy lime, Fourth 45 1930 Shale 40 1970 Lime 15 1985 Shale and sandy shells 55 2040 Sandy lime, Fifth 10 2050 Shale 50 2100 The Vandervort and Pickens No. 1 (606), drilled in Web- ster County on Right Fork of the Little Kanawha, 1 mile southwest of Cleveland, the record of which is published in the section for Cleveland, page 75, and which was previ- ously published in Volume I (A), page 393. of the Survey, is reported to have made some gas, but was plugged, the record not showing the formation in which the gas was found. The well was drilled to 1807 feet and did not reach the Gordon and other deep sands of the Catskill Series. The William Mullins No. 1 (607), located in Webster County on a branch of Right Fork of Little Kanawha, 1 mile southwest of Bois, was reported by a resident to have been drilled more than 500 feet deep and made some gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 433 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Collins Settlement Dis- trict.— While Collins Settlement District has been prospected for oil and gas in the western and extreme southern portions, the main central part remains still practically untouched by the drill. Present development, however, and structural con- ditions do not warrant the belief that this district will prove nearly as prolific in oil and gas as are the more northern dis- tricts where structural conditions are ideal. The fact that gas in considerable quantity has been found in the edge of Upshur on the east makes it seem probable that additional wells will be found joining this production to that along the western part of the district. Attention is called to the follow- ing localities: (1) That portion of the district lying between the Orlando Anticline and the Roanoke Syncline offers hope of many new gas wells in sands ranging from the Injun tu the Fifth; (2) The northern portion of the district between the West Fork River and the Skin Creek District Line looks favorable for gas in sands ranging from the Injun to thu Fifth, since gas occurs in some of these sands at Roanoke, on the west, and at Frenchton, on the east; (3) The southern portion of the district, south of the West Fork River, and between the Roanoke Syncline on the west and the Upshur Line on the east, will bear prospecting for gas, although it is less favored by present development than the northern part of the district ; (4) The presence of oil in the Big Injun Sand in considerable quantity in Well No. 572 at Roanoke, in No. 590 at Crawford and the showing in the same sand in some of the Frenchton wells on the east, leads to the belief that it may be found in paying quantity at some point in this region. Since the sand is water-bearing generally in this re- gion, the best chance for drilling would be at some point where a sharp change in the dip of the measures makes it possible for the oil to collect at the foot of a steep structural slope, where the water would occupy the terrace below it. This condition is found l*/2 miles northeast of Ireland, where the structure has a cove-like appearance and oil might possi- bly be found in the Injun or Gordon Sands between the 1575 and 1600-foot structure contours. 434 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, GILMER COUNTY. EARLY HISTORY. The first drilling for oil and gas in Gilmer County was done on Right Fork of Steer Creek, where one well (782) was drilled on the Daniel Huffman farm and 2 wells (783) and (784) were drilled on the Eli Shock farm, probably 25 to 30 years ago, where seepages of gas were known to occur along the creek. These wells all produced gas, but were never utilized. Another shallow well, drilled with a spring-pole, was completed about 1875 on the Kane farm (760), near Lettergap, and made some gas, and another on the Middleton farm (685), at the mouth of Grace Run, was also completed at an early date. The first deep hole drilled was that on the Fisher farm (653), on a branch of Tanner Creek near Tanner, which was completed in 1891, by John T. Harris and others, and still produces gas. In 1892 a well (689) was drilled on the Norris farm at Glenville, but made only a small amount of gas. Scattered wells were drilled throughout the county within the next few years, but systematic development did not begin until after the great Copley well in Lewis had been completed in 1900, numerous wells soon being drilled along Sand Fork, where a pool was opened at the mouth of Indian Fork. SUMMARIZED RECORDS. The following table, like that published for Lewis on pages 184 to 203, is a compilation from all the detailed records available in the county, and is intended to be a ready sum- mary of the most important facts regarding each well. The same explanations which accompany the Lewis County table are applicable here. The following abbreviations of com- pany names have been used : Ash Bros Ash Brothers. Caldwell et al Charles T. Caldwell, Showalter et al. Carter Carter Oil Company. Central Rosedale Central Rosedale Oil and Gas Company. Cresco O. & G Cresco Oil and Gas Company. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 435 Crude Crude Oil Company. Eastern Oil Eastern Oil Company. Gilmer O. & G Gilmer Oil and Gas Company. Guffey Guffey and Galey. Hagerstown Hagerstown Oil Company. Harris et al John T. Harris, Caldwell et al. Hope Hope Natural Gas Company. Leary Oil Leary Oil Company. Martin Dev Martin Development Company. Mill Fork Mill Fork Oil and Gas Company. Pgh. & W. Va Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Co. Piney Fork Piney Fork Oil Company. Pulliam Hiram Pulliam. Revere Oil Revere Oil Company. Rinehart et al .Lloyd Rinehart et al. Robinette Oil .Robinette Oil Company. South Penn South Penn Oil Company. Stumptown O. & G Stumptown Oil and Gas Company Tanner O. & G Tanner Oil and Gas Company. Troy O. & G Troy Oil and Gas Company. 436 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas No. on lUpII FiRM NiMJ AHD HDMB8R Magisterial District OWN1R Elevation Above Tide 608 609 Andrew T. Gooden No. 1 E M Talbott No. 1 Troy Troy Kmehart et al 765B 753L 610 E. M. Talbott No. 1 Troy Troy Troy O. & G i, T. Carter et al . . . 753L 750B Troy arter 750B 612A 613 614 Almira M. Dent No. 1 P. Brannon No. 1 Chas. Spurgeon No. 4246 Troy Cove (Doddridge) . . Cove (Doddridge) . . South Penn Hagerstown Pgh. & W. Va South Penn 825B 813L 955B 940B Pgh. & W. Va 940L Troy Crude 775B Troy South Penn 895B Troy Hope 912L Hope 880B Hope .. 870B 622 Powell Hrs. No. 3125 Troy Troy Hope Crude 830B 910B South Penn.. 880L 915L 626 T C Bush No 2 Troy South Penn 930B W T Wiant No 2 880B I M Fox No 1 . Troy . . R. G. Gillespie 880B Crude 862L Crude 960B Troy R. G. Gillespie .... 885B 632 W B & M S Hersman No 1 Troy 1065B 633 Troy R. G. Gillespie 1075B 634 D J Gordon No 4 Troy R. G. Gillespie 862L 635 Crude 855L 636 D J Gordon No 6 Troy R. G. Gillespie. 1170L 637 A S Britton No 1 Troy R. G. Gillespie 985L 638 A S Britton No 2 Troy R G Gillespie 951L 639 640 641 Swisher Hrs. No. 4 C. C. Snodgrass No. 2 R. O. Hinzman No 1.. Troy Troy Crude R. G. Gillespie R. G. Gillespie 1027L 860B 925B 642 W W. Gordon No 1716. Troy Hope 1070B 643 W. W. Gordon No. 2011 Troy Hope 905B 644 Samuel Bennett No 1775 Dekalb Hope . 950B 645 L. S. Vannoy No 2176 Dekalb Hope 855B 646 S. B. Rogers No. 2187... Dekalb Hope . . 775B 647 L. M. Law No. 2181 Dekalb Hope 850B 648 E. L. Valentine No. 2186 Dekalb Hope 905B 649 650 Ira G. Ellison No. 1754 G. L. Ellison No. 2471... Dekalb Dekalb Hope Hope 895B 830B 651 J. S. Shaffer No. 1774 Dekalb Hope .. 1065B 652 Chas. Peterson No 1.. Dekalb Hope 780B 653 G. M. Fisher No. 1 Dekalb . ! ...... Tanner O. & G 800B 654 Robert Mitchell No. 1... Dekalb 865B 655 Geo. W. Fisher No 1 Dekalb 656 Samuel Riddel No. 1.... Dekalb Hope 657 Hardman & Haller No. 1. Dekalb Tanner O. & G 1055B 658 G. L. Camden No. 1 Dekalb . . Hope ... 659 Frank C. Gainer No. 1. Dekalb . . Cal dwell et al . . . sooB 660 Thos. Hardman Hrs. No. 1 .' Dekalb .. Cresco O. & G 805B 661 J. D. Harris No. 1 Dekalb 835B 662 663 S. M. Beckner No. 3018 M. E. Gainer No. 1 Dekalb Dekalb Hope Eastern Oil 855B 865B 663 A Lillie F. House No. 1708... Dekalb Hope .. 935B 664 665 666 John Raulston No. 1 Luther Ellison No. 1 ... J. T. Wilt No. 2243... Dekalb Dekalb Hope g°Pe 910B 915B 667 668 A. B. Ayers No. 3130 Nancy Nicholas No. 1. '" ' Dekalb Dekalb Hope Leary Oil 81 4 L 830B WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 437 Wells in Gilmer County PITTSBDR GH COIL V Thickness Big Lime. Top Biiir Top Sand. Top Sand. Top Sand. Top Total Depth PRODUCING SiND iKD RJMiRIS No. oa Hap I 009 1382 1500 Salt, B Lm & B I gas' B Lm oil . . 610 611 1535 1640 3204 612 300 1712 2135 2485 2633 Dry hole 612^ 613 1810 1924 2545 2600 B. I. gas .' 614 1800 1897 2495 2705 2740 615 1770 1853 2065 2905 Dry hole.. 616 1580 1740 9549 2548 617 1710 1770 2154 2735 618 Gas well 619 1661 1742 2102 2502 B I & Berea gas 620 1531 1611 2330 621 1568 1642 2369 Maxton & B I gas 622 623 1740 1810 2210 2659 2676 624 1780 1840 2236 2276 625 1805 1895 2266 2293 626 627 2200 2216^ Berea oil 628 2162 2214 Gantz oil. 629 1822 1880 2262 2196 2312 2222 B. I. gas; Maxton & Berea oil... Berea oil 630 631 632 2385 2435 633 2154 2174 634 1660 1740 2132 2156 1 ' j | 635 2440 ' | I 2472^5 I ^^wc... vt u*.l*.a U«l Berea oil 636 2166 2191 637 2225 2253 J4 638 1800 1875 2290 2323 Berea gas . . . 639 1794J4 1814J4 B. I oil 640 1792 1857 2210 2283 641 1936 2010 2387 2905 3153 642 1820 1890 2248 1" 23,58 1825 1895 2275 °376 1716 180.3 2168 | 2189 Maxton & Berea gas. . 645 1615 1679 1746 1920 2092 ! 2832 B. I. & B. Lm gas B. I. & Berea gas 646 647 1712 T791 2150 ] 2179 Salt & Berea gas 648 1764 2212 | 2772 649 1776 1854 2340 Salt gas. 650 1865 1926 3072 II Cow R gas 651 1 652 1675 1740 2020 2365 ! 2710 B Lm & B I gas- B I i Gantz oil '. . . 653 1760 1820 :::::::| 2700 B. I. gas show 655 i 656 1865 1919 i 2325 Salt & B. I. gas Gas well 657 658 .. ' 659 | | i ::::::::::::;•. '. 660 1 1650 1792 | 1 3012 Dry hole 661 f 1696 1782 2177 2297 Salt, B Lm & B I gas 662 1650 1770 2873 B. I. gas.. 663 1770 1865 2240 2945 B. I. gas . 663A 664 1 1730 1815 2210 2273 Salt & B. I. gas 1 tee | 1392 667 1 2000 B. I. oil & gas: Berea *il I 69* 440 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Summarized Record of Oil and Gas ilVn FARM NAME AND NUMBER Magisterial District OWNER flevation Above Tide 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 747 750 751 752 753 755 756 757 758 760 760A 766 767 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 W. P. Knight No. 1 Saltlick (Braxton)... Saltlick (Braxton)... Saltlick (Braxton)... Glenville Glenville Glenville Glenville Hope 845B 815B 810B 1277B 865B 905B 740B 860B 770B 765B 760B 820B 770B 785B 800B 887L 875B 815B 795B 895L 785L 755B 815B 730B 790B 720B L. W. McNair Hrs. No. 2 R. R. Marshall No. 1 R. R. Marshall No. 2 South Penn Guffey Guffey Guffey Glenville C. S. Hudnall No. 2 C. S. Hudnall No. 2 Glenville Glenville Glenville Gilmer O. & G Guffey Guffey Gilmer O. & G Glenville .. Martin Dev Martin Dev Martin Dev South Penn Pulliam N. P. Marsh No. 1 Elliott Spicer No. 1 Glenville Glenville Glenville Tames P. Kane No. 1 Center Center H. B. Gerwig No. 1 J. O. McCoy No. 1 Otter (Braxton) Center Ash Bros T W Boggs No 1 Center Hope . . . . . . Marcellus Stump No. 2 Flihu Stump No 1 Center Center Stumptown O. & G Hope Winfred White No. 1 Center Center Caldwell et al Caldwell et al 745B 725L 705B 705B 701L 755B 745B 720B 825B 780B 820B 815B 947L 815L 787L 795L 795L 796L 790B S40B Marcellus Stump No 1623 Center Hope Lemuel Stumn Hrs. No. 1 Asa Stump No 1 Center Center Stumptown O. & G Harris et al Sherman (Calhoun).. Melville Stump No 1 Caldwell ct al Daniel Huffman No 1 . . ... Center Eli Shock No 1 1 Center Pulliam Eli Shock No 2 Center . . Pulliam Touis Bennett No 1 Center Center T V Shock No 1 Berry Hrs. No 1 . . Center W. C. Rollyson No 1. . C. N. SnodKrass No 1 J. W. Smith No. 1 E. E. Cottrell No 1 Birch (Braxton) Birch (Braxton) Birch (Braxton) Birch CRraxton) Birch (Braxton) Birch (Braxton) Birch (Braxton) Birch (Braxton) Carr & Gilmore South Penn U. S. Upton et al No. 1 T. W. Smith No. 1 T. W. Twvman No. 1 R C Howard Y Central Rosedale South Penn Mill Fork Mill Fork... Pauline E. Snodgrass No 1 Pauline E. Snodgrass No 2. . Rebecca Bourn No. 1 W. G. Bennett No 3 Birch (Braxton) Center Pgh. & W. Va 795B South Penn 940B South Penn 1150B South Penn 1185B South Penn 1110B South Penn 1 060B W. G. Bennett No 2 W. G. Bennett No. 9 Center Center Center Center Center Center W. G. Bennett Wo. 7 W. G. Bennett No. 8 W. G. Bennett No. 1 IW. G. Bennett No. 6 South Penn South Penn South Penn P60B 1145B |W. G. Bennett No. 10 W. G. Bennett No. 5... Center Center South Penn 1030B W. G. Bennett No. 4 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 441 Wells in Gilmer County — Continued PITTSBURGH COAL Big Lime. Top Berea Sand. Top Gordon Sand. Top Fifth Sand. Top Total Depth PRODUCING SAND AND REMARKS No. o Map T ' hickness Feet Big Injun Sand. Top ...... '. 737 738 73!) 740 741 742 743 747 750 751 752 753 755 756 757 758 760 760 766 767 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 7SO 781 782 783 784 785 78<> 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 79f! 797 798 799 800 SOT SO? 808 80 f 805 806 807 1670 1725 2338 2904 2140 2357 2838 Gord. oil & gas Oil show SO 5 1807 1848 2639 2672 B. I. gas show; 5th oil & gas show 92 17.°, 9 6 1805 1912 1885 1953 2502 2655 2738 2672 2772 5th oil show. ... ., Salt & 5th gas show I 1830 1610 1875 1715 2009 2802 Salt & B. I. gas 2463 Gas well 1507 2800 1496 1397 1215? Salt (?) gas 1463 1550 Salt & B. I. gas Salt (?) gas :: Salt gas fine ™»11 rioo n»11 ::::::: 1491 1606 1100 600 600 2668 3050 Salt, light gas & s'how of oil . Gas well . ...... ...I Gas well ....... . ! 1585 1736 1710 1800 ... Gord. gas show Salt oil show; B. Lm. gas Dry hole Salt nil . . ::::::: ' 1 1 1 | 1528 Gas ss gas' calt oil V.'.V.V.r. v.v.-. 1 1 ' Salt oil 1 1 1537 1619 1547 2000 1385 Salt oil Gas ss. gas & oil show Gas ss. gas ; Salt oil Salt oil & gas Gas ss. & Salt gas Dry hole Gas well 2040 2125 2420 | 2580 | 3275' Salt oil 1733 1740 1610 1756 Salt oil i Salt oil show. '., Salt oil & gas S"alt oil \ Dry hole i. .t Gas ss. gas : salt oil Dry hole 1778 1985 I J 442 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. In addition to the summarized records in the table, the details of most of these wells will be given in the following pages, giving such information as is available regarding the underground strata. Detailed Well Records, Troy District. Troy District, with the exception of the western part, where the Newberne pool is located, has not produced oil and gas in large quantity, but outside of the Newberne region only a few scattered wells have been drilled, the evidence of which, though unfavorable, is not sufficient to declare the territory barren. The district is situated in the northeastern corner of the county, next to Doddridge and Ritchie, and in its northern part the geologic structure reaches a low level, where the Robinson Syncline enters it from the north. The southeastern corner is crossed by the Chestnut Ridge Anti- cline, giving the Pittsburgh Coal horizon an elevation of 975 feet, being a rise of 500 feet from the low level along the Doddridge Line. A few wells have been drilled along the eastern border of the district next to Lewis. The Andrew T. Gooden No. 1 (608), drilled at Linn, produces gas, but its record could not be obtained. One mile east of Troy on Leading Creek, the E. M. Talbott No. 1 (609), drilled by an unknown company, was plugged and abandoned as a dry hole, but according to residents gas not only blew out the plug, but also escaped in large quantities through the ground around the well. An- other well, the E. M. Talbott No. 1 (610), was drilled a few rods distant from the former location and produces gas from the Big Injun Sand, beyond which it was not drilled. The record of this well is published in the section for Troy, page 77. The Robert L. Ruddel Heirs No. 1 (611), drilled by J. T. Carter and others on Leading Creek one-half mile south- east of Alice, was abandoned as a dry hole. Its record could not be secured, but according to Charles Conley, the well made a show of oil in the Maxton Sand, 500,000 cubic feet of gas from the Keener, and a show of oil and gas in a deeper sand, the total depth being about 2200 feet, which was suffi- cient to penetrate the Berea Sand. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 443 The Thomas Scott No. 1 Well (612), on Cove Creek, 1.1 miles northwest of Troy, at an elevation of 750' B., was drilled by the Carter Oil Company and reported a dry hole, its record being published in Volume I (A), page 383, of the Survey. The following well, which was abandoned as a dry hole, was reported by residents to have made an oil and gas show : Almira M. Dent No. 1 Well Record (612 A). Troy District; on Little Cove Creek, 1.4 miles southeast of Con- ings; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 825' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh Coal 300 Big Injun Sand 1712 Berea Sand 2135 Gordon Sand 2485 Total depth 2633 The P. Brannon No. 1 (613), drilled by the Hagerstown Oil Company, in the edge of Doddridge County, at the mouth of Fallen Timber Run of Cove Creek, 1.5 miles south of Leopold, was reported a dry hole, but its record was not se- cured. The following well, drilled in Doddridge, three-fourths mile from the Gilmer Line, was reported to have made a pressure of 200 pounds in 4l/z minutes and 560 pounds in 30 minutes through the 2-inch tubing: Charles Spurgeon No. 4246 Well Record (614). Cove District, Doddridge County; on Bear Fork, 1.0 mile north- west of Spurgeon; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Jan. 31, 1914; elevation, 955' B. Top. Bottom Feet. Feet. Sand, Gas 1180 1210 Sand, Second Cow Run 1250 1370 Sand, Maxton 1680 1740 Big Lime 1810 1924 Sand, Big I njun (gas, 1974') 1924 2015 Sand, Gordon 2545 2550 Total depth 2600 The following well, the record of which was published in Volume I (A), page 383, of the Survey, was abandoned as a dry hole, but made a show of gas, there still being sufficient 444 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. to make a small flame at the well mouth. The well starts 110 feet below the Washington Coal, making that in the record the Lower Uniontown instead of the Pittsburgh, as originally supposed : L. A. Law No. 1 Well Record (615). Troy District; on Horn Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Spurgeon; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 940' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Small show of coal, Lower Uniontown 210 212 Big Dunkard Sand 960 995 Second Cow Run Sand 1200 1331 Salt Sand 1460 1540 Big Lime 1800 1890 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1910') 1897 1960 Gordon Stray Sand 2480 2490 Gordon Sand 2495 2497 Fifth Sand 2705 2715 Total depth 2740 The following well made only a light show of gas and was abandoned as a dry hole : Josiah Nutter Heirs No. 4007 Well Record (616). Troy District; on Stonelick Run, 1.8 miles southwest of Auburn; authority, Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 20, 1912; ele- vation, 940' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Bakerstown 800 Big Lime 1770 1853 Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1875') 1853 1930 Sand, Squaw 1950 1960 Sand, Weir 2065 2127 Total depth 2905 The Peter Cole No. 1 (617), drilled on Horn Creek, 1.1 miles southeast of Coxs Mills, the record of which is pub- lished in the section for that place, page 79, made a show of gas in the Big Lime, but was abandoned as a dry hole. The following well, the record of which was published in Volume I(A), page 382, of the Survey, was a small well, but supplies gas for a near by farmhouse : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 445 C. B. Bush No. 1 Well Record (618). Troy District; on Pikecamp Run, 1.5 miles northwest of Coxs Mills; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 895' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Black cave 750 Sand, Little Dunkard 795 Big Dunkard Sand 910 940 Slate 950 Sand, Burning Springs 960 Slate 1000 Sand, Gas 1020 Slate 1100 Sard, Salt 1150 Salt Sand (gas) 1335 1375 Sand, Maxton 1555 Little Lime 1660 Big Lime 1710 1770 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1820') 1770 1828 Sand and shells 2110 Berea Sand (gas, 2159') 2154 2160 Shells 2525 2725 Soft slate to bottom 2725 2735 "The Gordon and Fifth Sands are indicated only by Shells in this well." Several wells have been drilled within the past few years on the head of Sinking Creek, some of which have produced gas, mostly from the Big Injun and Berea Sands. The three following records are from this locality. It is worthy of note that no sands were found below the Berea in any of these wells, although they were drilled deep enough to reach the Gordon and probably the Fifth : F. T. Bush No. 3091 Well Record (620). Troy District: on Sinking Creek, 1.6 miles southeast of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 11, 1913; elevation, 880' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 715 734 Big Dunkard Sand 850 875 Salt Sand 1170 1191 Salt Sand 1280 1327 Salt Sand 1419 1490 Maxton Sand 1542 1579 Little Lime 1630 1646 Pencil Cave 1646 1661 Big Lime 1661 1742 446 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand (gas, 1781') 1742 1802 Berea Sand (gas, 2104') ...2102 2107 Total depth 2502 J. C. Bush Heirs No. 3123 Well Record (621). Troy District; on Sinking Creek, 1.8 miles southeast of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 3, 1913; elevation, 870' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Moundsville Sand 537 582 Big Dunkard Sand 703 724 Burning Springs Sand 820 870 Gas Sand 882 960 Salt Sand 1183 1211 Maxton Sand 1433 1451 Little Lime 1500 1517 Pencil Cave 1517 1521 Big Lime 1531 1611 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1618') 1611 1672 Total depth 2330 The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. Powell Heirs No. 3125 Well Record (622). Troy District; on Sinking Creek, 1.8 miles southeast of New- berne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 16, 1913; ele- vation, 830' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 618 642 Big Dunkard Sand 681 703 Gas Sand 755 787 Second Cow Run Sand 908 1035 Salt Sand 1131 1158 Maxton Sand (gas, 1473-6') 1470 1485 Little Lime 1537 1552 Pencil Cave 1552 1568 Big Lime 1568 1642 Big I njun Sand (gas, 1697-1705') 1642 1732 Total depth 2369 The above well was a light gasser. The Newberne Oil Pool, located on Tanner Creek and surrounding the town of Newberne, is at present in active operation, its limits not being yet fully denned. The field was opened 12 to 15 years ago by the drilling of two or three WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 447 wells along Shanty Run, but no attempt was made for sev- eral years to find further production, the territory being re- garded as too poor for exploitation until the high price of oil in the past few years led to further drilling, with the result that about forty producing oil wells and numerous gas wells have been discovered. The producing sand is the Berea, none of the wells being spectacular, but having the prospect of be- ing long lived, as the Shanty Run wells are still producing. The eight following detailed records are from this pool. The abbreviated records of several others appear in the summa- rized table on a previous page, and the records of the G. A. Kemper No. 1 (635), which produced oil from the Berea Sand, was published in the section for Newberne, page 80. The James Allman No. 1 (623), drilled several years ago, 1.1 miles northeast of Newberne, is a gasser, but its record was not secured : W. T. Wiant No. 1 Well Record (624). Troy District; on Tanner Creek, 0.6 mile northeast of Newberne; authority, South Penn Oil Co. ; elevation, 880' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Sewickley 220 223 Salt Sand 1150 Salt Sand 1375 Pencil Cave 1730 Big Lime 1740 1810 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1885') 1810 1910 Berea Sand (oil, 2211') 2210 2238 Fifth Sand .2659 2664 Total depth 2676 The above well, which was one of the first drilled in the pool, was pumped for several years, but is now abandoned. J. C. Bush No. 1 Well Record (625). Troy District; on Shanty Run, 0.7 mile northeast of Newberne; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 915' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 130 131^ Black cave 840 Salt Sand 1390 1520 Sand, Salt 1580 1670 448 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Pencil Cave 1735 Big Lime 1780 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1900') 1840 1920 Berea Sand (oil, 2238-48') 2236 2271 Total depth 2276 The above well, one of the first in the pool, still produces one barrel daily. Its record was published in Volume I (A), page 382, of the Survey. J. C. Bush No. 2 Well Record (626). Troy District; on Shanty Run, 0.9 mile north of Newberne; au- thority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 930' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 850 885 Sand, Big Dunkard 935 970 Sand, Burning Springs. 990 1030 Sand, Gas 1145 1170 Sand, Second Cow Run 1182 1215 Sand, Salt 1460 1600 Sand, Maxton 1670 1710 Big Lime 1805 1895 Big Injun Sand 1895 1940 Berea Sand (oil, 2266-75') 2266 2280 Total depth 2293 The above record was published in Volume I (A), page 382, of the Survey. E. I. Waggoner No. 5 Well Record (630). Troy District; 0.2 mile northwest of Newberne; authority, Crude Oil Co.; completed, Aug. 21, 1914; elevation, 960' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Lower Connellsville 540 575 Sand, Little Dunkard 880 920 Sand, Gas 1100 1145 Sand, Second Cow Run 1160 1285 Sand, Salt 1340 1410 Sand, Salt 1445 1550 Sand, Maxton (oil, 1719-25'; shot with 20 qts. 1720-5') 1697 1727 Little Lime 1785 1814 Big Lime 1822 1880 Sand, Big Injun (gas show, 1920') 1880 1960 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 449 Topi. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Squaw 2080 2155 Sand, Berea (first oil pay, 2271-90'; second oil pay, 2305-8') 2262 2312 Conductor, 11'; 10" casing, 140'; 8*4", 840'; 6%", 1704'. The above was reported a 7-barrel well. The A. O. Britton No. 1 (631) was a 10 to 11-barrel pro- ducer; the W. B. and M. S. Hersman No. 1 (632) made .1 barrels; the A. S. Britton No. 1 (637) was a gasser of 3^> millions capacity, all three wells being in the Berea Sand. Swisher Heirs No. 4 Well Record (639). Troy District; on Tanner Creek, 0.9 mile southwest of Newberne; authority, Crude Oil Co.; completed, June 10, 1908; elevation, 1027' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 150 155 Coal, Bakerstown 810 812 Sand, Little Dunkard 940 960 Sand, Big Dunkard 1070 1100 Sand, Gas 1218 1315 Sand, Second Cow Run 1370 1420 Sand, Salt 1485 1570 Sand, Salt 1600 1660 Sand, Maxton 1685 1760 Red rock 1765 1770 Little Lime 1770 1795 Pencil Cave 1795 1800 Big Lime 1800 1875 Sand Big Injun 1875 1990 Sand, Berea (gas, 2302-6') 2290 2315 Total depth 2323 Made some oil with gas, about 1 bbl. of oil per day; pumped 2 bbls. per day after shot; 2/10" water in 6%"; 12/10" after shot; 10/10" mercury through 3" tubing; capacity, 1,770,000 cu. ft.; con- ductor, 10'; 10" casing, 148'; 8%", 977'; 6%", 1958'. The C. C. Snodgrass No. 2 (640), on Pennsylvania Run. was reported a light oil well in the Big Injun. The following made only a show of oil in the Berea and was abandoned : 450 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. R. O. Hinzman No. 1 Well Record (641). Troy District; on Pennsylvania Run, 0.6 mile west of Newberne; authority, R. G. Gillespie; completed, Feb. 10, 1914; elevation, 925' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 835 880 Sand Big Dunkard 900 940 Sand, Gas 1130 1268 Sand, Second Cow Run 1300 1330 Sand, Salt 1472 1490 Sand, Salt 1510 1550 Sand, Maxton 1700 1730 Little Lime 1745 1760 Big Lime 1792 1850 Sand, Keener .1850 1856 Sand, Big Injun 1857 Sand, Berea (oil show, 2211') 2210 2214 Total depth 2283 Conductor, 12'; 10" casing, 131'; 8%", 900'; 6%", 1792'. W. W. Gordon No. 1716 Well Record (642). Troy District; on Bushcamp Run, 1.1 miles southwest of New- berne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 30 1910; ele- vation, 1070' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 973 997 Big Dunkard Sand 1060 1070 Gas Sand 1130 1235 Second Cow Run Sand 1340 1440 Salt Sand 1580 1720 Little Lime 1911 1924 Pencil Cave 1924 1936 Big Lime 1936 2010 Big Injun Sand 2010 2093 Berea Sand (oil and gas show) 2387 2395 Fifth Sand 2905 2910 Total depth 3153 According to W. W. Gordon, the driller reported that the above well would have made ll/> to 2 barrels from the Berea Sand. It was abandoned as a dry hole. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 45! W. W. Gordon 2011 Well Record (643). Troy District; on Bushcamp Run, 1.2 miles west of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Jan. 27, 1910; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 840 865 Big Dunkard Sand 930 950 Gas Sand 1000 1110 Second Cow Run Sand 1210 1335 Salt Sand 1445 1490 Salt Sand 1645 1670 Little Lime 1802 1814 Pencil Cave 1814 1820 Big Lime 1820 1890 Big Injun Sand 1890 1937 Berea Sand 2248 2251 Total depth 2358 The above well made only a show of gas and was aban- doned as a dry hole. Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Troy District. — Troy Dis- trict offers several localities where additional prospecting might be done with profit. The following suggestions are made: (1) The large amount of oil found in the Berea Sand in the Fink Pool of Lewis, the Newberne Pool of Gilmer, and the Yellow Creek Pool of Calhoun, all of which are very nearly at the same structural level, with no intervening folds, indicates that these three pools may all be connected with a continuous chain of wells. It is possible that the strike of the pool may veer somewhat southward across Troy District, owing to the influence of the Robinson Syncline, which er» ters the district from the north, but dies out against the slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline. It seems probable, therefore, that oil might be found between the 550 and 600- foot structure contours in the vicinity of Coxs Mills and westward along Pikecamp Run and northeastward toward Conings. (2) The presence of gas in the Big Injun Sand in the Spurgeon (614) well, and the showing of gas in the same sand in the Law (615) well, indicate that oil might possibly be found at a lower structural level toward the Robinson Syn- cline on the east, the test being made preferably in the vicinity of Spurgeon to avoid the water that may be along the axis of the syncline. (3) That portion of the district southeast of 452 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Troy looks favorable for gas in the Big Injun and in the lower sands. (4) That portion of the district between Sinking and Horn Creeks, south of the Parkersburg and Staunton Turn- pike, looks favorable for gas in the Big Injun and Berea Sands. Detailed Well Record, Dekalb District. Dekalb District, occupying the northwestern part of Gil- mer, where the Pittsburgh Coal horizon reaches a low struc- tural level, has been prospected to a considerable extent, and both oil and gas have been found in commercial quantity, most of the production being in the western part. All the wells drilled in the eastern part, toward Glenville District, have been failures. In the northern portion, gas has been found in considerable quantity along Tanner and Sinking Creeks. Several wells have been drilled along Ellis Run, of which the two following records are available: Samuel Bennett No. 1775 Well Record (644). Dekalb District; on Ellis Run, 1.9 miles west of Newberne; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, March 9, 1909- elevation, 950' B. Top. Bottom. - Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1510 1550 Maxtori Sand 1740 1750 Little Lime 1800 1815 Big Lime 1825 1895 Big Injun Sand 1895 1955 Berea Sand (gas, 2290') 2275 2304 Total depth 2376 L. S. Vannoy No. 2176 Well Record (645). Dekalb District; on Ellis Run, 2.2 miles southwest of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed. Dec. 31, 1909; elevation, 855' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet, Coal, Uniontown 25 Coal, Bakerstown '. . 708 Little Dunkard Sand 755 800 Salt Sand (light gas, 1440') 1430 1485 Salt Sand 1605 1650 B'9 Lime ...1716 1803 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 453 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand, broken up and limy 1803 1878 Berea Sand (gas, 2170') 2168 Total depth 2189 10" casing, 122'; 8%", 825'; 6%", 1725'; 4" tubing, 2180'. The following well is on Tanner Creek, near the mouth of Ellis : S. B. Rogers No. 2187 Well Record (646) Dekalb District; on Tanner Creek, 2.2 miles northeast of Tanner; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 775' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 16 Sand, white, Burning Springs, Gas and Second Cow Run 850 1150 Salt Sand (gas show) 1525 1550 Salt Sand 1585 1610 Big Lime 1615 1679 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1679') 1679 1702 Dark sand, Berea 1920 1960 Slate and shells to bottom 1960 2832 The two following wells were drilled along Brushy Run, near the Troy Line : L. M. Law No. 2181 Well Record (647). Dekalb District; Brushy Run, 1.8 miles southwest of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Jan. 15, 1908; elevation 850' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand (gas, 1752y2') 1746 1776 Berea Sand (gas, 2101') 2092 10" casing, 140'; 8%", 815'; 6%", 1610'. Could not get bottom measured — gas too strong. E. L. Valentine No. 2186 Well Record (648). Dekalb District; on Brushy Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Newberne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, March 15, 1911; elevation, 905' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 740 775 Big Dunkard Sand 825 860 Second Cow Run Sand .. 1125 1190 454 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1310 1365 Salt Sand 1500 1555 Maxton Sand 1590 1615 Little Lime 1687 1700 Pencil Cave 1700 1712 Big Lime 1712 1791 Big Injun Sand 1791 1849 Berea Sand (gas, 2161') 2150 2164 Total depth 2179 The following well was abandoned but makes a good supply of gas for domestic use : Ira G. Ellison No. 1754 Well Record (649). Dekalb District; on Jessie Run, 2.8 miles northeast of Tanner- authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Feb. 11, 1910; elevation, 895' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Salt (gas or oil, 1400') 1390 1420 Maxton Sand 1670 1690 Little Lime 1700 Big Injun Sand (gas or oil, 2/10" water in 1" opening, 1775') 1764 1 835 Berea, shell 2212 Total depth 2772 A few gas wells have been drilled on Sinking Creek, near the Troy District Line, of which the two following records are available : G. L. Ellison No. 2471 Well Record (650). Dekalb District; 1.5 miles northwest of Lucerne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, April 25, 1912; elevation, 830' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 782 804 Gas Sand 945 970 Salt Sand (water, 1200') .1168 1220 Salt Sand (gas, 1447') 1415 1497 Salt Sand 1595 1650 Maxton Sand 1690 1716 Little Lime 1758 1770 Pencil Cave 1770 1776 Big Lime 1776 1854 Big Injun Sand 1854 1914 Total depth (no more sands) 2340 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 455 J. S. Shaffer No. 1774 Well Record (651). Dekalb District; 1.2 miles northwest of Lucerne; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Oct. 14, 1910; elevation, 1065' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 881 931 Big Dunkard Sand 1000 1020 Second Cow Run Sand (gas, 1257'; water, 1268'). .1210 1280 Salt Sand 1410 1490 Salt Sand 1600 1680 Maxton Sand 1820 1840 Little Lime 1840 1855 Pencil Cave .' 1855 1865 Big Lime 1865 1926 Big Injun Sand 3926 1998 Berea, shells only 2335 Total depth 3072 The above well was reported to have made 1% millions in the Second Cow Run, but was abandoned, the volume evi- dently having declined rapidly. The record of the G. M. Fisher No. 1 (653), drilled on Mitchell Run, 1.5 miles north of Tanner, and already men- tioned as the first deep well in the county, is published in the section for Tanner, page 81. It made gas in the Big Injun and shows of oil in both the Big Injun and Berea Sands. The following well was reported to have made considerable gas and still burns at the well mouth, but was abandoned : Geo. W. Fisher No. 1 Well Record (655). Dekalb District; on Jones Cabin Run, 0.8 mile northeast of Al- fred; authority, Carter Oil Co.; completed, July 14, 1904; elevation 875' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Sand, Little Dunkard 790 820 Sand, Second Cow Run 1100 1225 Sand, Salt 1325 1485 Big Lime 1760 1820 Sand, Big Injun (gas show, I860') 1820 1920 Total depth 2700 10" casing, 145'; 8*4", 860'; 6%", 1780'. The Samuel Riddel No. 1 (656), drilled on the head of Jones Cabin Run, was reported a dry hole, but its record was not secured. 456 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. Four wells have been drilled in the immediate vicinity of Tanner, of which two have been gassers and two dry holes. The following is a record of one of these wells : Hardman and Haller No. 1 Well Record (657). Dekalb District; 1.1 miles N. 45° E. of Tanner; authority, Tanner Oil & Gas Co.; completed, Jan. 5, 1914; elevation, 1055' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Uniontown 134 136 Sand, Little Dunkard 885 925 Sand Big Dunkard : 955 975 Sand, Gas 1175 1240 Sand, Second Cow Run 1265 1320 Sand, Salt 1475 1520 Sand, Salt (gas, 1595'-1600') 1595 1640 Maxton Sand 1810 1840 Little Lime 1845 1860 Pencil Cave 18SO 1865 Big Lime 1865 1919 Sand, Big Injun, hard, no water (gas, 1919-1924') . .1919 1997 Sand, Berea, and shells 2270 2308 Total depth 2325 Conductor, 12'; 10" casing, 138'; 8&", 960'; 6%", 1871'. The above well was a light gasser. The G. L. Camden No. 1 (658), located 1.5 miles north- east* of Tanner, was reported a gas well; the Frank C. Gainer No. 1 (659), located 0.6 mile east of Tanner, was abandoned as a dry hole; the Thos. Hardman Heirs No. 1 (660), located 0.5 mile northwest of Tanner, was abandoned as a dry hole, but had a show of gas. Seven wells have been drilled on the head of Laurel Fork, of which five have been gassers. The four following records are available : J. D. Harris No. 1 Well Record (661). Dekalb District; on Laurel Fork, 1.5 miles southwest of Alfred; authority, South Penn Oil Co.; elevation, 835' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Sewickley 150 155 Slate 155 170 Slate and red rock 170 590 Coal, Harlem 590 600 Slate and red rock '.'. 600 900 White sand. Burning Springs 900 1015 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 457 Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. White sand, Second Cow Run 1055 1155 Gray sand, Salt 1240 1280 White lime 1280 1300 Sand, Salt (gas, small, 1390') 1360 Gray sand, Salt 1395 1530 Lime 1535 1545 Big Lime 1650 1792 Big Injun Sand 1792 1861 Lime and sand 1871 1901 Slate and shells 1901 2150 Lime 2170 2175 Lime and shells 2175 3012 The above well was abandoned as a dry hole. S. M. Beckner No. 3018 Well Record (662). Dekalb District; on Spring Run, 1.7 miles southwest of Alfred; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 19, 1913; eleva- tion, 855' B. -«j Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 785 805 Second Cow Run Sand 1060 1195 Salt Sand (gas, 1397') 1390 1400 Salt Sand 1422 1483 Maxton Sand 1611 1651 Little Lime 1671 1686 Pencil Cave 1686 1696 Big Lime (gas, 1768') 1696 1782 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1788') 1782 1855 Berea Sand 2177 2190 Total depth 2297 The above well was a Big Injun gasser. The following well, drilled originally by the South Penn Oil Company, but now owned by the Eastern Oil Company, was reported to have been a heavy gas well from the Big Injun Sand, making a line pressure of 600 pounds or more. Its product is used by the Glenville Oil and Gas Company to supply the town of Glenville with gas: 458 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. M. E. Gainer No. 1 Well Record (663). Dekalb District; on Spring Run, 1.8 miles southwest of Alfred; authority, Eastern Oil Co.; elevation, 865' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Coal, Sewickley • 178 183 Red rock. 198 203 Limestone 318 333 Red rock 393 453 Black sand, Murphy 558 573 Coal, Elk Lick 583 593 Black sand, Grafton 643 668 Red rock 718 768 White sand, Little Dunkard 798 818 Limestone 1110 1140 White sand, Salt 1230 1260 White sand, Salt 1280 1320 White sand, Salt 1400 1425 Sand, Salt 1435 1460 Lime 1490 152') Lime 1600 1620 Big Lime 1650 1770 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1780' and 1800') 1770 1874 Slate and shells to bottom 1810 2873 Lillie F. House No. 1708 Well Record (663 A). Dekalb District; 1.8 miles west of Alfred; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Sept. 30, 1910?; elevation, 935' B. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feei. Big Dunkard Sand 970 1060 Gas Sand 1115 1185 Salt Sand 1270 1315 Salt Sand 1430 1530 Little Lime 1730 Big Lime 1770 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1894') 1865 1918 Berea Sand 2240 2250 Total depth 2945 The Luther Ellison No. 1 (665), drilled on Bull Fork, 0.7 mile northwest of Alfred, was abandoned as a dry hole, but supplies gas for domestic purposes at the farmhouse. The following well was drilled on the head of Trace Fork, and was a gasser: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 459 J. T. Wilt No. 2243 Well Record (666). Dekalb District; on Trace Fork, 2.0 miles north of Revere; au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, July 14, 1911; elevation, 900' B. Top.. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 804 831 Big Dunkard Sand 917 945 Burning Springs Sand 1000 1050 Second Cow Run Sand 1200 1275 Salt Sand (water, 1450'; gas, 1483-8') 1400 1495 Maxton Sand 1665 1688 Little Lime 1706 1726 Pencil Cave 1726 1730 Big Lime 1730 181 5 Keener Sand 1815 1830 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1822-5') 1830 1880 Berea Sand 2210 2220 Total depth 2273 The Revere Oil Pool, on Mudlick Run of Trace Fork, 2 to 3 miles northwest of Revere, contains about twenty wells, most of which are oil producers from the Berea Sand, rang- ing in size from 2 to 50 barrels, being an apparent extension of the great Yellow Creek Pool of Calhoun County7 which extends for several miles along the same northern slope of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline. Besides several short tabu- lated wells in the summarized table the seven following de- tailed records are available from this pool. Some of the wells along the arch are gassers : A. B. Ayers No. 3130 Well Record (667). Dekalb District; on Mudlick Run, 1.2 miles northwest of Revere; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, Dec. 1, 1913- eleva- tion, 814' L. Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 765 780 Burning Springs Sand (gas, 926') 849 945 Second Cow Run Sand 1015 1140 Salt Sand (gas, 1360-8') 1335 Total depth 1392 V' Hennen« Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept, W. Va. Geol. Survey, 46o PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. The Nancy Nicholas No. 1 (668) made oil and gas in the Big Dunkard and a little oil in the Berea; the W. H. Ayers No. 3 (669) made oil and gas in the Berea ; the W. H. Ayers No. 1 (670) was a light oil well from the Big Dunkard, Big Injun and oil and gas in the Berea; the W. H. Ayers No. 5 (671) made a little oil in the Berea and gas from the same sand estimated at 3,195,000 cubic feet; the W. H. Ayers No. 4 (672) made gas in the Salt and oil in the Berea; the W. H. Ayers No. 2 (673) made gas in the Big Injun and oil in the Berea. O. C. McQuain No. 2 Well Record (674). Dekalb District; on Mudlick Run, 1.3 miles northeast of Nobe; authority, Eastern Oil Co.; completed, Sept. 11, 1912; elevation, 107> £ o • >> w >>^ « -a to •*•* ^ & ^ ^ rn .rt p «^ S3 2 BO £ 2 .a C3 y (-1 *& S pO fl «-] ^ c R o "3 G J *aj - li- — CC oQ J c »-3 J O PQ > to > > Salt 200 Maxton 400 200 500 400 500 Big Injun 450 600 800 800 1000 700 Berea 450 Gantz 700 700 1120 1000 800 50-Foot 500 875 30-Foot 450 300 Gordon Stray 500 . 600 800 Gordon 700 800 500 900 600 Fourth 150 750 Fifth 500 500 950 500 500 1000 Gilmer County. Sand. I Stumptown. Lbs. Newberne Field. Lbs. East of Glenville. Lbs. Salt i 400 300 Maxton | Big Injun j 300 500 700 Squaw ! Berea \ Gordon Stray 750 660 825 Gordon ' 650 CHAPTER XI. COAL. In Chapters V to IX, inclusive, a systematic description uf all the coal seams found in the two counties has been given, '-ogether with type sections and correlations, and some of the smaller beds, that are not of commercial importance, have bscn fully described. In the present Chapter numerous actual measured sections will be published for those coals that are of minable thickness and purity, and estimates of their prob- able tonnage with etchings showing their areal extent will be given. At the end of the Chapter, there is a table of analyses showing the chemical composition of all coals tested. STATISTICS OF COAL PRODUCTION. Commercial coal mining in Lewis and Gilmer has been insignificant compared to many other counties of the State, the records of production showing that they stand near the bottom in point of output. Only two mining plants, one of which is now dismantled, have been built in Lewis, and Gil- mer has only four. Mining has been done in three seams ; viz, Redstone, Pittsburgh and Elk Lick, of which the two former are in the Monongahela Series and the latter in the Conemaugh. All of these are drift mines of small capacity, and comparatively simple equipment. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 501 Coal Production of Lewis and Gilmer Counties from 1907 to 1915, Inclusive. Lewis County. Year. 1907.. 1908.. 1909.. 1910.. Tons of 2240 Lbs. . 5,528 . 22,640 . 13,780 20,906 1911 3,684 1912 40,057 1913 47,024 1914 28,956 1915 300 Gilmer County. Tons of Year. 2240 Lbs. 1907 312 1908 '. 6,697 1909 14,740 1910 32,255 1911 35,029 1912 57,641 1913 90,150 1914 88,369 1915 137,971 Total 182,975 Total.. ...463.164 In the order of the production of coal by counties, Lewis ranked 31st in 1907 and 1908, 32nd in 1909, 33rd in 1910 and 1911, 30th in 1912, 31st in 1913, 32nd in 1914 and 33rd in 1915, while Gilmer ranked 32nd in 1907 and 1908, and 31st in 1909 1910 and 1911, 28th in 1914 and 25th in 1915. Production of Coal by Mines in Lewis and Gilmer Counties for the Years Ending June 30th, 1913 and 1914. Year Kama of Company Name of Mine Production of Coal Tons of 2240 Lbs. list Ton Used in Opera- tion of Mines ribution of Coal s of 2240 Lbs. First Six Months Second Six Months Total Coal Produced Daring Year Fur- nished Local Trade and Tenants Quantity Shipped om Mines | LEWIS COUNTY. | 1913|Kroger Gas Coal CoPolar 1914!Kroger Gas Coal Co Polar 25,585 21,649 21,439 7,307 47,024 28,956 500 400 46,124 28,956 IGILMER COUNTYJ 1 01 9ii\/r«r« lA/r/^r'no A O/1Q 1 1 11 9 O£O i An\-i A cnc 6,841 5,234 12,0751 1914jMcCaa Coal Co. . .McCaa. ... 1913|Gilmer Fuel Co...!Kroger Red Ash [27,194 30,010|57,204 1,500)1,500)54,204 1914)Gilmer Fuel Co. . . Gilmer ,30,588)31,866 62,454 1,200] 400)60,854 Consolidat- Brackett, 1913)Gilmer I ed Coal Co Katherine land Braxton 1 2,240! 9,593 21,8331 1914 Gilmer Consolidat- Brackett . . . 120121,713 7,060) 6,780)13,840) . . ._._. | 450)13,390 43,683|46,467|90,150|1~,768)1J69!86,613 ed Coal Co.. . Totals (1913) Totals~(1914)...| :44,489143,880|88,369|1,824|1,505|85,040 5O2 COAL. The Polar Mine is on the B. £ O. Railroad, while those in Gilmer are located on the Coal & Coke Railway. In Lewis and Gilmer there are 8 minable seams of coal, 19 others too thin, impure or irregular to be of more than local value. These minable coals in descending order are the Washington of the Dunkard Series, the Redstone and Pitts- burgh of the Monongahela, the Elk Lick and Bakerstown of the Conemaugh, and the Upper Freeport, Upper Kittannim. and Lower Kittanning of the Allegheny. There are coals in the Pottsville Series that apparently reach minable thickness locally, as evidenced by the records of oil wells, but all of them seem too patchy and irregular to warrant their classifi- cation as minable beds of definite economic value until they have been tested by the diamond drill. Figure 3 shows the different coal seams of the two counties, giving not only their relative thickness, but also the maximum intervals between them. Figures 4 to 11, inclusive, published in the present Chapter, will show, approximately, the areas where each of the minable seams occurs in commercial thickness. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 503 Wets'? /ng ton DUNHARO WaynG^bL/rq MONONOAHCLA Uniontown Sew/cA/ey Redstone MONQNQAHCL AT. MINABLE COALS OF THE DUNKARD SERIES. THE WASHINGTON COAL. The Washington Coal, discussed previously in Chapte? V, page 108, and shown by outcrop lines on Map II, is con- fined largely to the northwestern part of the two counties, being found seldom outside of Freemans Creek District, Lewis, and Troy and Dekalb Districts, Gilmer. As observed in these districts, it is seldom more than 2 feet thick and is usually slaty at the top, making it of little present value. The fact that it was mined generally for local purposes before natural gas displaced it for fuel in these districts indicates that it will again be used extensively when gas can no longer be had. Nearly all of the old openings had fallen shut, making it im- possible to study the coal carefully or to collect samples to show its chemical character. Figure 4 shows its probable minable extent. Washington Coal, Freemans Creek District, Lewis. The Washington Coal occurs in considerable quantity along the Doddridge and Harrison Lines in the western p-m of the district. The W. Brent Maxwell Opening (No. 1 on Map II), on Kincheloe Creek, 1.2 miles northwest of Benson, where the coal has an elevation of 1140' B., was fallen shut when examined, but evidently had found considerable coal. At Prospect No. 2 on Map II, on a branch of Freemans Creek, 1.4 miles southwest of Benson, the coal had been opened at an elevation of 1275' B., but was fallen shut. The coal was once opened on Smoky Fork, 2 miles southwest of Coldwater, at Prospect No. 3 on Map II, where it had an elevation of 1250' B. At Prospect No. 4 on Map II, on the head of Smoky Fork, 2.2 miles southeast of Coldwater. the coal had an eleva- tion of 1130' B. At Prospect No. 5 on Map II, on the head of Freemans Creek, 2.5 miles northwest of Churchville, the coal was found at 1165' B. At the following opening, the ^rructure of the coal was obtained : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 512 COAL. Edward Foley Coal Opening — No. 6 on Map II. On Right Fork of Freemans Creek, 2 miles southeast of Cold- water; Washington Coal; elevation, 1140' B. Ft. In. Slate, black 3 0 Coal 0' 4" Slate, black 0 6 Coal, slaty 1 10 Slate, black 0 3 Coal, good (to slate pavement).! 6 4 6 The coal was opened at Prospect No. 7 on Map II, on Dry Fork of Fink, 1.8 miles northeast of Dry Fork, where it occurs at 1045' B. The following opening was fallen shut, but is reported on the authority of Dominick Sweeney : Dominick Sweeney Coal Opening — No. 8 on Map II. On Fink Creek, 0.5 mile northeast of Dry Fork; Washington Coal; elevation, 1090' B. Ft. In. Coal, good 1" 0" Shale,' gray, 4" to 0 8 Coal .. 2 0 3 8 At Prospect No. 9 on Map II, on Little Buck Run, 1.2 miles north of Fink, the coal was opened near drainage at 990' B., but had fallen shut. At the George Droppleman Opening (No. 10 on Map II), on Little Buck Run, 1.8 miles north of Fink, the coal was reported I' 6" thick at an elevation of 990' B. The M. C. Marsh Opening (No. 11 on Map II), on Straight Run, 1.7 miles northeast of Hurst, was fallen shut but was reported by Mr. Marsh as being V 6" to 2' 0", its elevation being 1117' B. Washington Coal, Courthouse District, Lewis. In Courthouse District, the Washington Coal is caught in the hilltops along the Grassland Syncline in the vicinity of Copley and Bealls Mills, as shown by its outcrop on Map II. No openings were observed but the blossom of the coal is found along the hill roads, sometimes showing 1 to 2 feet of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 513 coal. It is also present in a few high tops along the Roanoke Syncline, but, so far as known, has not been prospected. Washington Coal, Troy District, Gilmer. In Troy District, the Washington Coal is found along the western edge and its blossom occurs frequently along the hill roads but it has been prospected but little. It was opened at the L. A. Law Prospect (No. 12 on Map II), on the head of Horn Creek, 1.7 miles northwest of Conings, at an elevation of 1050' B. Washington Coal, Dekalb District, Gilmer. In Dekalb District the coal occurs along the northwestern edge, being usually well up in the hills, except near the Ritchie Line. It has been prospected to some extent, but, so far as known, these have fallen shut. At Prospect No. 13 on Map II, on Bull Fork. 0.9 mile northwest of Alfred, the coal had an elevation of 1025' B. At Prospect No. 14 on Map II, on Trace Fork, 2.1 miles northeast of Nobe, its elevation is 1065' B. Washington Coal, Glenville District, Gilmer. In Glenville District, the Washington Coal is found in some of the high ridges along the Grassland Syncline. Owing to its scattered extent and to the fact that the Pittsburgh Coal occurs at a more accessible level and in much more abundant quantity and in superior quality, it has been prospected but little. The coal was opened at Prospect No. 15 on Map II, on Sand Fork, 1.3 miles northeast of Sand Fork town, at an eleva- tion of 1135' B., but the mine had fallen shut. It was also pros- pected at Opening No. 16 on Map II, on Locust Knob, 0.2 mile southeast of Rudkin, at an elevation of 1425' B. Quantity of Washington Coal Available. In addition to the information of the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells record- 5H COAL. ing Washington Coal and will be of value in estimating its extent and thickness. Another table is added showing the probable amount of Washington Coal in the two counties. Outside of Freemans Creek, Troy and Dekalb Districts, the coal is too scattered and patchy to be of definite mining value. The table is based on the assumption that an average of one foot of coal may be recovered in these three districts through- out its areal extent. List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Washington Coal. No. on Map Name of Well. Location Elev. of well mouth A. T. Depth Feet Thick- ness Feet. 185 210 301 Mary G. Small No. 3479 Timothy Joyce No. 1 Hillebert, 0.7 mi. S. E Cold-water, 1.3 mi. S. E Hurst, 2.1 mi N. E 1149L 1165B 1195B 135 82 150 2 3 5 Joseph Krenn No. 3 Probable Amount of Washington Coal. Counties By Districts. Thick- ness of Coal Assum- ed. Ft. Sq.Mi.| Acres Cubic Feet of Coal. Short Tons of Coal. Lewis: Hackers Creek Freemans Creek Courthouse i 1 0.10 16.00 1.80 64 10,240 1 152 2,787,840 446,054,400 50 181 120 111,514 17,842,176 I 2 007 245 Skin Creek Collins Settlement.. 1 1 0.06 0.04 138.4 25.6 1,672,704 1,115,136 66,908 | 44,605 Totals 18.00 11,520 501,811,200 20,072,448 Gilmer: Troy .... «.«, 8 806 387 509 769 15 500,391 Dekalb 1 7.50 4,800 209,088,000 8,363,520 Glenville 1 1 90 1 216 52 968 960 2,118,758 Center . 1 0 70 448 19 514 880 780,595 Totals 24.00 15,360 669,081,600 1 26,763,264 26,880 I 1,170,892,800) 46,835,712 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 515 MINABLE COALS OF THE MONONGAHELA SERIES. THE REDSTONE COAL. The Redstone Coal, discussed previously in Chapter VI, page 124, and shown by outcrop lines on Map II, in those regions where it occurs in minable thickness above drainage, is a very valuable bed of fuel in northern and eastern Lewis, but, so far as known, does not occur in minable thickness in Gilmer. In those portions of Lewis County where it occurs, it varies from 2 to 6 feet in thick- ness and usually carries no slate partings, but is damaged to a considerable extent by clay seams that frequently cross it. Its chemical composition shows it to be a fine coal for steam and domestic fuel and in some regions the sulphur content is low enough to permit its use for coke manu- facture. Figure 5 shows its probable minable extent. Redstone Coal, Hackers Creek District, Lewis. In Hackers Creek District, the Redstone Coal is above drainage along all the principal streams and has been mined for local fuel in numerous places, making it possible to observe it closely. In the northwestern part of the district, along the Chestnut Ridge and Wolf Summit Anticlines, only a small amount of this coal still remains in the hill tops, but in the eastern and southern parts there is a large body of this coal that varies from 4 to 6 feet in thickness. This coal has been mined commercially at one point within the area, near the Harrison Line, where it was examined and sampled by Teets and the results published in the Doddridge-Harrison Report of the Survey, page 572, as follows : Kroger Gas Coal Company, Polar Mine — No. 43 on Map II. On McKinney Run, 0.7 mile southeast of McWhorter; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1375' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate 2. Coal (to slate pavement) 6 0 "Principal office, Cincinnati, Ohio; daily capacity, 225 tons; 8 laborers and 30 miners employed; mule haulage; used for steam, gas and domestic fuel; shipped east and west; butts, N. 88° W.; 516 COAL. faces, N. 2° E.; greatest rise, southwest; sample collected from No. 2 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; O. F. Limer, Supt., authority for mine data." The composition of this sample is published under No. 43 in the table of analyses at the end of this Chapter. The following opening was observed along the crest of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline: S. S. Goodwin Farm Mine — No. 44 on Map II. On Jesse Run, 3 miles S. 80° E. of Jane Lew; Redstone Coal; butts, east and west; elevation, 1433' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale, dark 2. Coal 2' 6V2" 3. Slate, dark 0 0% 4. Coal (to slate pavement)... 2 1 4 8 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is given under No. 44 in the table at the end of this Chapter. Lora T. Cookman Farm Mine — No. 45 on Map II. On Jesse Run, 2.3 miles north of Aberdeen; Redstone Coal; eleva- tion, 1385' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal, visible 4 3 The full section of the coal was not obtained at this open- ing as the mine had partly fallen shut. At the Edwin Lewis Farm Mine (No. 46 on Map II), on a branch of Jesse Run, 2.9 miles north of Aberdeen, the coal showed a thickness of 5' 2" ', without partings, the elevation being 1375' B. At the Edith Goodwin Farm Mine (No. 47 on Map II), on a branch of Hackers Creek, 2 miles southeast of Jane Lew, the coal was once mined at an elevation of 1045' B., but the opening had fallen shut, the coal being reported 5 feet thick by residents. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 517 518 COAL. At the M. L. Law Farm Mine (No. 48 on Map II), on Stony Run, 1.8 miles northwest of Berlin, the coal was 4' 6" thick, without partings, its elevation being 1433' L. The J. C. Allman Farm Mine (No. 49 on Map II), on Stony Run, 2.6 miles north of Berlin, showed 4' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1400' B. John Rinehart Farm Mine — No. 50 on Map II. On a branch of Hackers Creek, 1.7 miles northeast of Berlin; Red- stone Coal; elevation, 1320' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy, dark 5 0 Coal 2' 0" Slate, dark gray 0 2 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 4 3 6 The John Foster Farm Mine (No. 51 on Map II), on Hackers Creek, 0.5 mile northwest of Aberdeen, now fallen shut, was visited several years ago, and showed 4' 9l/2ff of coal, the elevation being 1250' B. M. M. Reger Farm Mine— No. 52 on Map II. On a branch of Hackers Creek, 1.3 miles northeast of Berlin; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1330' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark, sandy 8 0 Coal 1' 10" Slate, gray 0 1 Coal, visible... 1 10 3 9 The Morrison Bros. Farm Mine (No. 53 on Map II), on the same branch of Hackers Creek, 1.1 miles northeast of Berlin, was partly fallen shut but showed about 4 feet of coal, at an elevation of 1351' B. G. R. Swisher Farm Mine— No. 54 on Map II. On Hackers Creek, 1.4 miles northwest of Berlin; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1285' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale, gray, sandy N 2. Coal (to slate pavement) 4 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ^\<, A sample was collected from the coal, the composition of which is published under No. 54 in the table at the end of this Chapter. At the Fernando Waggoner Farm Mine (No. 55 on Map II), on a branch of Hackers Creek, 1.6 miles northwest of Berlin, the coal was 4 feet thick, without partings, the eleva- tion being 1280' B. The George Lawson Farm Mine (No. 56 on Map II), on Hackers Creek, 0.3 mile southwest of Berlin, showed 3' 8" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1270' L., as published in the sec- tion for Berlin, page 49. W. S. Starcher Farm Mine— No. 57 on Map II. On a branch of Laurel Lick, 0.8 mile southeast of Berlin; Red- stone Coal; elevation, 1225' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 3 o Shale, sandy, dark at base 15 0 Slate, black 0 6 Coal 1' 9" Slate, dark, bony 0 3 Coal (to slate pavement) 2 3 4 3 George Allman Farm Mine — No. 58 on Map II. On a branch of Buckhannon Run, 2 miles southeast of Berlin; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1250' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark 5 0 Slate, black 1 0 Coal 1' 11 " Slate, dark gray 0 3% Coal (to slate pavement) 2 1V2 4 4 The Ira Queen Farm Mine (No. 59 on Map II), on a branch of Buckhannon Run, 2.3 miles southeast of Berlin, was partly fallen shut when examined but showed about 4 feet of coal, at an elevation of 1270' B., as published in the section for Lorentz, page 50. 520 COAL. Peter Waggoner Farm Mine — No. 60 on Map II. On Buckhannon Run, 2.1 miles east of Berlin; Redstone Coal; ele- vation, 1250' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal 2' 8%" Slate, black 0 2 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 3% 4 2 The J. C. Strahley Farm Mine (No. 61 on Map II), on Hackers Creek, 2.5 miles northwest of Berlin, showed 4' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1340' B. The Cecil Hornbeck Farm Mine (No. 62 on Map II), on Lifes Run, 2 miles northwest of Berlin, showed 4 feet of clean coal, the lower part of the seam being concealed by mud, at an elevation of 1255' B. The Annie Bryan Farm Mine (No. 63 on Map II), on Maxwell Run, 1.7 miles northeast of Deanville, was fallen shut, but was reported to have had 4 to 5 feet of coal, the elevation being 1410' B. The Charles Smith Farm Mine (No. 64 on Map II), on a branch of Maxwell Run, 0.7 mile east of Deanville, showed 4' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1356' B. The Wallace Parsley Farm Mine (No. 65 on Map II), on West Fork River, 0.4 mile east of Deanville, was fallen shut when examined, but was reported to have been 4 to -5 feet thick, the elevation being 1324' L., as published in the Dean- ville section, page 52. The Clinton Smith Farm Mine (No. 66 on Map II), on Smith Run, 2 miles east of Weston, was partly fallen shut, but about 4 feet of coal could be seen, the elevation being 1215' B. The Richard N. Norman Farm Mine (No. 67 on Map II), on Smith Run, 2.8 miles east of Weston, at an elevation of 1200' B., was fallen shut when visited, but was reported to have shown 5 feet of clean coal by Alfred Myers, who opened the bank. The E. D. Darnall Farm Mine (No. 68 on Map II), on Hilly Upland Run, 2 miles northwest of Gaston, was partly concealed by water, but showed about 4 feet of clean coal, at an elevation of 1160' B. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 521 Jacob Jackson Farm Mine — No. 69 on Map II. On Hilly Upland Run, 1.9 miles northwest of Gaston; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1140' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Cedarville 7 0 Shale, sandy 7 0 Coal 0' 2" Slate, black 0 2 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 5 4 9 The Clara Peterson Farm Mine (No. 70 on Map II), at the mouth of Hilly Upland Run, 1.9 miles northwest of Gas- ton, showed V 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1158' L. Charles Taylor Farm Mine — No. 71 on Map II. On Grass Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Gaston; Redstone Coal; ele- vation; 1165' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark, sandy Coal, bony 0' 3" Coal, good (to slate pavement) .4 4 4 7 John Stewart Farm Mine — No. 72 on Map II. On Grass Run, 1.3 miles northeast of Gaston; Redstone Coal; ele- vation, 1180' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark 2 0 Coal, bony 0' 6" Coal, good (to slate pavement). 3 3 3 9 The Nathaniel Bush Farm Mine (No. 73 on Map II), on Stonecoal Creek, 0.2 mile northwest of Gaston, showed V 2" of clean coal, as published in the section for Gaston, page 51, butts being N. 85° W., and tidal elevation, 1153' L. A sample was collected from this mine, the composition of which given under mine No. 73 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The C. C. Hersman Farm Mine (No. 74 on Map II), on Stonecoal Creek, 0.5 mile northeast of Gaston, showed 4' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1200' B. 522 COAL. Redstone Coal* Freemans Creek District, Lewis. In Freemans Creek District, the Redstone Coal crops along the eastern and southern portions, being above drainage in about half the district. In the northern part this coal is of minable thickness as far west as the region where it goes under drainage on the dip of the measures. In the southern part, it is of minable thickness as far west as Alum Bridge on Leading Creek, beyond which the coal disappears, although its horizon is exposed down the creek all the way to the Gilmer Line. In the northwestern part of the district, the records of numerous wells drilled for oil and gas fail to show any Redstone Coal of minable extent, warranting the conclu- sion that it is not good in. this region. Map II shows by an appropriate symbol the western line beyond which the coal is apparently not of minable thickness and continuity and Figure 5, on a previous page, gives the same information in a differ- ent form. On Map II the crop lines are extended westward only as far as the coal is known to be of minable thickness. In the eastern and southern portions numerous openings were examined, the sections of which appear in the following pages. George Gardner Farm Mine — No. 75 on Map II. On McCann Run, 1.7 miles northwest of Lightburn; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 45° W.; elevation, 1307' B. Ft. In. Slate, black Coal, good (to slate pavement) 5 6 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is shown under mine No. 75 in the table of coal anaylses at the end of this Chapter. A. H. Hughes Farm Mine— No. 75A on Map II. On Elk Lick Run, 0.3 mile southeast of Mineral; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1050' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal, visible 5 0 Concealed, with shaly sandstone 20 0 Limestone, hard, yellow, Redstone... 5 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 523 The bottom of the coal was concealed here, but, according to Mr. Hughes, the thickness varies from 6^2 to 8 feet throughout the mine. At the James Hitt Farm Mine (No. 76 on Map II), on the southern branch of McCann Run, 1.6 miles southwest of Lightburn, the coal has been mined at an elevation of 1345' B., but the mine had fallen shut and its thickness was not ob- tained. At Farm Mine No. 77 on Map II, on the head of Rush Run, 1.7 miles southwest of Freemansburg, the coal had been opened at an elevation of 1400' B., but the mine had fallen shut. At the Peter Hull Farm Mine (No. 78 on Map II), on the head of Fink Creek, 1.3 miles east of Church ville, the mine showed a thickness of clean coal varying from 2' 10" to 3' 10'r, at an elevation of 1020' B. At Churchville, on Fink Creek, the coal had been opened and mined at the Morgan McCluster Farm Mine (No. 79 on Map II), just south of the village, at an elevation of 922' L., where the coal goes under drainage on the westward dip, but the mine had fallen shut. The Alvin Douglass Farm Mine (No. 80 on Map II), on a branch of Polk Creek, 0.9 mile north of Camden, at an eleva- tion of 1257' B., had fallen shut, but, according to Mr. Doug- lass, showed 4 feet of coal. The Will Jarvis Farm Mine (No. 81 on Map II), on Polk Creek, 1.7 miles southeast of Camden, at an elevation of 1235' B., had fallen' shut, but the Will Jarvis well (148), drilled on the hill just above the opening, records 5 feet of coal. The Samuel Jarvis Farm Mine (No. 82 on Map II), on Sassafras Run, 0.9 mile southeast of Camden, had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 5l/2 feet thick, the elevation being 1245' B. The John Casey Farm Mine (No. 82 A on Map II), on the head of Alum Fork, 2.4 miles northwest of Camden, had fallen shut, but was reported by Mr. Casey as being 7 feet thick, being at an elevation of 1080' B., and 45 feet, by hand level, above an opening in the Pittsburgh Coal. 524 COAL. At Farm Mine No. 83 on Map II, on Leading Creek, 2.8 miles west of Camden, the opening had fallen shut but there was 4' 6" of coal visible at the outcrop, the elevation being 1100' B. The W. L. Butcher Farm Mine (No. 84 on Map II), on Leading Creek, 2.4 miles west of Camden, showed 5' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1111' L. The Kaspar Kraus Farm Mine (No. 85 on Map II), on the head of Crooked Fork, 2 miles southwest of Alum Bridge, measured 4' 5" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1005' B. David Burkhammer Farm Mine — No. 86 on Map II. On Alum I^ork, 1.2 miles north of Alum Bridge; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 935' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, flaggy, Cedarville 3 0 Shale, sandy 10 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 0 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 86 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Redstone Coal, Courthouse District, Lewis. In Courthouse District, the Redstone is of commercial thickness and purity in the eastern portion, but in the western end it is apparently too patchy and uncertain to be of definite value. Map II and Figure 5 show the approximate western line of disappearance beyond which there may be small de- posits of the coal but probably none of minable extent. Numerous openings were examined throughout the region where the coal crops. W. G. Bennett Farm Mine— No. 87 on Map II. On Stonecoal Creek, 0.6 mile southeast of Weston; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 1175' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy and dark 4 o Coal (to slate pavement) 3' 6" to 4 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 525 The opening has been driven into the hill about 40 feet but encountered some shale horsebacks. A sample was col- lected from the coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 87 in the table at the end of this Chapter. The Bland Brannon Farm Mine (No. 88 on Map II), on Town Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Weston, at an elevation of 1160' B., showed 3 to 4 feet of coal, badly cut up by clay seams. The Curtis Brothers Farm Mine (No. 89 on Map II), on Town Run, 1 mile southeast of Weston, showed 3' 6" of coal, and numerous clay seams, the elevation being 1140' B. On the Weston State Hospital Farm, at Weston, the Red- stone Coal has been opened and mined at several points, but all the openings are now closed. Map II shows that the coal crops about half way up the hill and that the southeastward dip of the seam would make mining easy, so that, with the large acreage available, the State could well afford to mine this coal for the use of the Hospital when the cost of natural gas reaches a prohibitive figure. Jacob Flesher Farm Mine — No. 90 on Map II. On West Fork River, 0.7 mile southwest of Weston; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1130' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Coal 0' 5" Slate, black 0 3 Coal, visible 3 6 4 2 The above mine had fallen partly shut and the thickness recorded may be slightly smaller than a measurement at the face would show. I Michael Mulcahy Farm Mine — No. 91 on Map II. On Murphy Creek, 1.3 miles southwest of Weston; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1095' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark Coal 0' 7" Slate, black , 0 3 Coal 4 8 5 6 526 COAL. Ft. In. Slate and concealed 10 0 Sandstone, massive, shale, and sandstone, Weston 20 0 Shale, gray 4 0 Shale, dark 1 0 Limestone, hard, Redstone 5 0 The above measurement shows in detail not only the sec- tion of the Redstone Coal but also its relationship to the Weston Sandstone and Redstone Limestone. The coal exhib- its a fine thickness here but it is somewhat cut up with clay seams. The Mary E. Lawson Farm Mine (No. 92 on Map II), on a branch of Murphy Creek, 2 miles southwest of Weston, had fallen shut, but was reported to have been 6 to 7 feet thick, its elevation being 1195' B. The Louis Bennett Farm Mine (No. 93 on Map II), on Stonelick Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Brownsville, was partly fallen shut bu\ showed a thickness of about 5 feet, as pub- lished in the section for Brownsville, page 64, its elevation being 1055' B. Bartlett Shay Farm Mine— No. 94 on Map II. On Washburn Run, 1.5 miles southeast of Brownsville; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1105' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale, sandy 2. Coal, slaty 0' 8" 3. Slate, black 0 6 4. Coal (to slate pavement). . .3 9 4 11 i A sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the compo- sition of which is given under Mine No. 94 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The large percentage of sulphur (5.39) indicates that a lens of this impurity may have been included in the sample. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 527 Mary Dargan Farm Mine — No. 95 on Map II. On Washburn Run, 1.4 miles southeast of Brownsville; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1075' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark Coal 0' 8" Coal, good 4 5 5 1 Slate, pavement, and concealed to run 7 0 Elias Stalnaker Farm Mine — No. 96 on Map II. On Skin Creek, 0.7 mile northwest of Alkires Mills; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1060' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Shale, dark I 0 Coal 0' 3" Slate, dark 0 9 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 0 5 0 The coal shows a good thickness at the above mine, but is injured to some extent by the presence of clay seams. T. J. Lough Farm Mine— No. 97 on Map II. On Skin Creek, at Alkires Mills; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 82° W.; elevation, 1130' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, Cedarville, visible 5 0 Shale, sandy 4 0 Slate, black, with streaks of coal 1 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 6 A sample was collected from the coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 97 in the table of analyses at the end of this Chapter. The O. B. Wheeler Farm Mine — No. 98 on Map II, on Murphy Creek, 3 miles west of Weston, had fallen shut, but the coal was reported to be 5 to 6 feet thick, its elevation being 1225' B. The McDonald Murray Farm Mine (No. 99 on Map II), on Laurel Run, 2.9 miles northwest of Edmiston, showed 4' 6" of clean coal, the elevation being 950' L. 528 • COAL. Bland Brannon Farm Mine — No. 100 on Map II. On Wolfpen Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Gillooly; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 950' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal (to slate pavement) 4 8 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 100 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The John Finster Farm Mine (No. 101 on Map II), on a branch of Sleepcamp Run, 0.7 mile northeast of Finster, showed 4' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 987' B. John Kaden Farm Mine — No. 102 on Map II. On Goosepen Run, 1.1 miles east of Finster; Redstone Coal; ele- vation, 1108' L. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Coal V 5%" Slate, black 0 0% Coal (to slate pavement) 3 2 4 8 The Pat Faley Farm Mine (No. 103 on Map II), on Indian Fork, 0.9 mile south of Finster, showed 4' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1090' B. The W. J. Ryan Farm Mine (No. 104 on Map II), on the head of Indian Fork, 1.8 miles southeast of Finster, showed a thickness of 4' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1135' B., being 50 feet above the blossom of the Pittsburgh Coal. Redstone Coal, Skin Creek District, Lewis. In Skin Creek District, the Redstone Coal crops along all the principal streams, but in the southeastern end the rise of the measures carries it to the hilltops so that little' acreage is left. Its thickness is usually not so great as in the three dis- tricts just described, but its uniformly good quality insures that it will furnish a large quantity of excellent fuel. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 529 Pal Taylor Farm Mine— No. 105 on Map II. On Sauls Run of Stonecoal Creek, 0.6 mile west of Horner; Red- stone Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1185' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, visible 1 0 Shale, sandy 2 0 Coal, slaty 1' 5" Slate, black 0 5 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 0 5 10 Ira Taylor Farm Mine — No. 106 on Map II. On Stonecoal Creek, 2.2 miles northeast of Horner; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1285' B. Ft. In. Slate, dark 6 0 Coal 1' 4 " Slate, black 0 oy2 Coal (to slate pavement) 2 5% 3 10 Margaret McWhorter Farm Mine — No. 107 on Map II. On Snyder Run of Stonecoal, 2.8 miles southeast of Horner; Red- stone Coal; elevation, 1360' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark, with streaks of coal 7 0 Coal 2' 3" Slate, dark, hard 0 3 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 0 3 6 The F. M. Shoulders Farm Mine (No. 108 on Map II), on Right Fork of Stonecoal, 3 miles southeast of Horner, showed 3 feet of clean coal, the elevation being 1415' B. The Joseph Knabenshue Farm Mine (No. 109 on Map II), on Right Fork of Stonecoal, 2.1 miles northeast of George- town, had partly fallen shut, but about 3 feet of coal was visi- ble, its elevation being 1445r B. E. M. Lawson Farm Mine — No. 110 on Map II. On Sauls Run of Stonecoal, 1.6 miles southwest of Horner; Red- stone Coal; elevation, 1185' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly Shale, sandy 2 0 Coal, slaty 1' 0" Coal, good (to slate pavement) .4 6 5 6 530 COAL. Lloyd Smith Farm Mine— No. Ill on Map II. On Curtis Run, 1.6 miles southwest of Horner; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1210' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, Cedarville Shale, sandy 5 Coal, slaty 1' 0" Slate, black 0 6 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 3 4 W. L. Clark Farm Mine— No. 112 on Map II. On Peters Lick Run of Little Skin Creek, 1.1 miles northwest of Georgetown; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 1270' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive, Cedarville 10 0 2. Concealed 15 0 3. Shale, sandy 10 0 4. Coal, semi-cannel 0' 4" 5. Slate, black 1 6 6. Slate, cannel 0 6 7. Coal, good (to slate pavement). 3 9 6 1 A sample was collected from No. 7 of section, the corn- position of which is given under Mine No. 112 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Stalnaker Heirs Farm Mine— No. 112A on Map II. On a branch of Little Skin Creek, 0.8 mile northeast of George- town; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1295' L. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Coal, 1' 4" to 1' 6" Slate, dark 0 4 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 6 3 4 The J. H. Stalnaker Farm Mine (No. 113 on Map II), on Hershman Run, 1.2 miles east of Georgetown, showed 3' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1400' B. The Charles Simons Prospect (No. 114 on Map II), on the head of Buckeye Fork of Little Skin Creek, 2 miles south- east of Georgetown, showed 3' 9" of clean coal, but the open- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 531 ing had not been driven far enough into the hill to find the roof of the seam and this measurement may not represent the full thickness of the coal. L. C. Clark Farm Mine— No. 115 on Map II. On Straight Fork of Little Skin Creek, 1.1 miles south of George- town; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1355' B. Ft. In. Slate, coaly 1 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 2 The Redstone Coal was once opened at the M. L. Bruffy Farm Mine (No. 116 on Map II), on Skin Creek, 1.2 miles northwest of Vandalia, at an elevation of 1395' B., as pub- lished in the section for Vandalia, page 67, but the mine had fallen shut and could not be measured. So far as known, the coal has not been opened in Skin Creek District southeast of this point. Redstone Coal, Collins Settlement District, Lewis. In Collins Settlement District, the Redstone Coal is under drainage in the northern part, crops along the hillsides in the central portion, but south of the Coal and Coke Railway soon rises above the summits and appears no more in the panhandle where the measures are rising rapidly southeastward all the way to the Webster Line. Along the West Fork River, north of Roanoke, where the coal lies under drainage, the evidence is too meager to determine with certainty whether the coal is of minable thickness. At Roanoke (Roanville), it was once mined just above the river level (Opening No. 117 on Map II) and apparently had a thickness of about two feet, and this may represent its development to the north. Along the broad belt south of Roanoke, where Map II shows the crop of the coal, it will furnish a large amount of fuel as it varies from 2 to 4 feet in thickness. In the extreme southwestern part of the district, next to Orlando, the coal disappears completely, leav- ing a barren area of several square miles. The crop of the 532 COAL. coal is shown on Map II only as far southwestward as it is of minable thickness. Several openings were observed in the district, the account of which follows : The John B. Watson Farm Mine (No. 118 on Map II), on Sand Fork, 2 miles east of Roanoke, had fallen shut, but was reported by Mr. Watson to have been 4 feet thick, its ele- vation being 1235' L. The Susan C. Hawkins Prospect (No. 119 on Map II), on Ward Run, 2.3 miles northeast of Roanoke, showed 3' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1265' B., butts being N. 85° W. The Thomas Eckess Prospect (No. 120 on Map II), on the southern branch of Ward Run, 2.8 miles east of Roanoke, showed 3' 9" of coal, at an elevation of 1375' B., but was driven into the hill only about 10 feet and may not have shown the full thickness of the seam. Joseph Whetsell Farm Mine — No. 121 on Map II. On Toms Run, 3 miles east of Roanoke; Redstone Coal; eleva- tion, 1385' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy .................................. 10 0 Slate, bony .................................... 0 6 Coal (to slate pavement) ....................... 4 0 John Smith Farm Mine — No. 122 on Map II. On Mudlick Run, 2 miles northeast of Jacksonville; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 87° W.; elevation, 1390' B Ft. In. Slate, dark .................................... Coal, (to slate pavement) ...................... 2 9 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 122 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Michael E. Whalen Farm Mine— No. 123 on Map II. t*T,To Run> °'4 mile southeast of Peterson; Redstone Coal; butts, N. 83° W.; elevation, 1040' B. Shale, sandy .................. Coal (to slate pavement) 3' 0" to... 4 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 533 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 123 in the table at the end of this Chapter. A. B. Cosner Farm Mine — No. 124 on Map II. On Meadow Run, 1 mile northeast of Blake; Redstone Coal; ele- vation, 1033' L. Ft In. Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville Snale, gray 5 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 2 11 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 124 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. At this opening the coal was faulty, having numerous clay seams. The Abrarn Myers Farm Mine (No. 125 on Map II), on the head of Clover Fork, 1.3 miles southwest of Jacksonville, at an elevation of 1335' B., showed 3 feet of coal without partings. Quantity of Redstone Coal Available. In addition to the coal openings described in the preced- ing pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record the Redstone Coal. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial dis- tricts. In the column of thicknesses, the average applies only to the area in square miles given in the next column which in some cases is less than the total area underlain by the coal horizon in the district, those portions of the district where the coal is not of minable thickness being disregarded entirely in this table: 534 List of Wells Recording Redstone Coal. No. on Map.| Name of Well. Location. Eleva-| tion of 1 | Thick- Well | Depth) ness Mouth) Feet. | Feet. A.T. | | 57 LIT, 148 233 236 371 397 470 503 508 510 512 516 525 527 529 531 535A 539 Lewis County. Elizabeth Dawson No. 3268 H. L. Frashuer No. 484.. | Berlin, 1.1 mi. N. 80° W 1492B 1210B 1358B 1180B 1228L 830B 870B 1310B 1175B | 1300B 1290B 1145B 1170B 1225B 1130B 260 80 123 150 149 105 160 400 255 | 390 400 190 190 145 120 120 | 260 200 260 4 4 5 3 3 2 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 4 1 2 5 5 Mineral, 1.1 mi. S E Camden, 1.7 mi. S E Churchville, 1.6 mi E Perry White No 497 Churchville, 1 mi. E Barney Bohen No. 3 J W Cox No 1 .... Copley, 1.1 mi. N. E Bealls Mills, 0.6 mi. N Edmiston, 0.7 mi. N S. E. Harrison No 2041... Wm. McBride No. 1964... Jacob Flesher No. 4119.. Edward Priest No 1 Edmiston, 2.2 mi. N E Edmiston, 0.9 mi. E Edmiston, 1.2 mi. S. E Edmiston, 1.7 mi. S. 75° E Brownsville, 1.4 mi. N. W Brownsville, 1.4 mi. N. E Brownsville, 0.5 mi N N. Peterson No. 1984 John H. Hammer No. 1.. Thomas Barnes No. 2456... P. J. Dyer No. 2281 1 |Louis Bennett No. 4 |John Dennison No. 4054.. |L. L. Wilson No. 4047 IE. A. Bennett No. 2071... Weston, 1.5 mi. S. Weston, 1.4 mi. S Weston, 1.4 mi. S. 20° E 1278B 1255B 1255B Brownsville, 0 8 mi. S. E WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Probable Amount of Redstone Coal. 535 Lewis County by Districts. Thickness of Coal Assumed. Feet. Sq.Mi. Acres. Cubic Feet of Coal. Short Tons of Coal. Hackers Creek — Freemans Creek.. Courthouse 4 4.5 4 3.5 3 19.40112,416 28.75118,400 73.07|46,764.8 11.50] 7,360 22.80|14,592 1 2,163,363,8401 86,534,553 3,606,768,0001144,270,720 8,148,298,7521325,931,950 1,122,105,600 44,884,224 1,906,882,560| 76,275,303 Skin Creek Collins Settlement Totals j!55 . 52|99,532.8|16,947,418,752|677,896,750 THE PITTSBURGH COAL. The Pittsburgh Coal, discussed previously in Chapter VI, pages 129-130, is shown by outcrop lines on Map II in those regions where it is of noticeable thickness above drainage. It is also used as the basis of the green structure contours, these lines representing the elevation of its base above sea level, and is an important minable coal in northern Hackers Creek-, nearly all of Freemans Creek, nearly all of Courthouse Dis- tricts in Lewis, and in southeastern Troy, eastern Glenville, and southeastern and southwestern Center Districts, Gilmer. Map II shows by an appropriate symbol the limits west and north of which this coal is not of minable thickness, the dis- appearance along this line being, in most localities, abrupt, as though an ancient deepwater shore line prevented the growth of the vegetation which formed the coal, and Figure 6 gives this information in condensed form. In those regions where the coal is found it is nearly always of the same uniform physical structure, usually having but one streak of bony coal near the middle, which, in some cases, contains so much addi- tional volatile matter that buyers do not object to its presence in the car. Chemically, the coal is unusually high in volatile matter, the tested samples averaging 41.82 per cent, or about 5 per cent, higher than the same coal in the Monongahela Valley north of Clarksburg. The sulphur content is too high in most analyses to permit the coal to be used for by-product or metallurgical coke, but if a means of washing about half of this impurity from the coal could be devised, its possibilities 536 COAL. as a gas-making coal would be wonderful. As the coal comes from the mine, it is best adapted for domestic or steam fuel, for both of which uses it is eminently fitted. Pittsburgh Coal, Hackers Creek District, Lewis. In Hackers Creek District, as shown by Map II, the Pittsburgh Coal is almost entirely eroded from the hilltops in the northwestern part along the Wolf Summit and Chestnut Ridge Anticlines, but in the central and southwestern parts, it crops above drainage along all the principal streams. It is of present minable value only in that portion of the district north of Jesse Run, next to the Harrison Line. South of Jesse Run, the coal is nearly always present, but is usually not much more than 1 foot thick, making its commercial ex- ploitation possible only after the lapse of many generations when the coal resources of West Virginia approach exhaus- tion. The Pittsburgh Coal has been mined commercially at the Kroger Gas Coal Company Mine (No. 126 on Map II), on McKinney Run, ^ m^e southeast of McWhorter, where the seam exhibits a total thickness of 5' 2", with partings, as shown in detail in the section for McWhorter, page 46, its elevation being 1384' B. The Edith Goodwin Prospect (No. 127 on Map II), on a branch of Hackers Creek, 2 miles southeast of Jane Lew, showed a thickness of 4' 0", but may not have represented the whole seam, as the base was concealed by water. Fernando Waggoner Prospect — No. 128 on Map II. On a branch of Hackers Creek, 1.6 miles northwest of Berlin; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1230' B. Ft. In. Limestone, yellow, Redstone 1 0 Shale, dark 3 o Coal (to slate pavement) 2 10 The coal was once opened at the Porter Maxwell Farm Mine (No. 129 on Map II), on a branch of Sycamore Lick, 2.3 miles southwest of Jane Lew, where the mine had fallen shut, but, according to A. J. Hardman, showed a thickness of 4*/> WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 537 538 COAL. feet, the elevation being 1358' B., as published in the section for Jane Lew, page 47. At the Charles Smith Exposure (No. 130 on Map II), on a branch of Maxwell Run, 0.7 mile east of Deanville, the Pitts- burgh Coal showed a thickness of 1' 9", at an elevation of 1308' B., being 48 feet, by hand level, below an opening in the Redstone Coal. The Wallace Parsley Prospect (No. 131 on Map II), on West Fork River, just east of Deanville, had fallen shut, but, according to residents, showed a thickness of 1' 6", the eleva- tion being 1272' L., as published in the section for Deanville, page 52. Pittsburgh Coal, Freemans Creek District, Lewis. In Freemans Creek District, the evidence is sufficient to class the Pittsburgh Coal as a minable seam in all those por- tions where its horizon still remains uneroded except in the extreme western region, next to Gilmer and Doddridge, where the western line of disappearance, shown on Map II, indi- cates that it has thinned out completely. There may be scat- tered localities east of this line where the coal will not be found, but it is believed that these are few. The coal crops in a broad belt along the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, through the center of the district, and in this region, as well as in numerous oil and gas well records, the coal varies from 4 to 8 feet in thickness. At Farm Mine No. 132 on Map II, on Turkeypen Run, 0.9 mile southeast of Mineral, the opening had fallen shut, but 4 feet of coal was visible at the mouth, the elevation being 1065' B. It is probable that this exposure does not represent the entire seam, as the base was concealed. Hughes Heirs Farm Mine— No. 133 on Map II. On Turkeypen Run, 1.1 miles southeast of Mineral; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1100' B. Ft. In. Limestone, hard, yellow, Redstone 3 0 Concealed * 12 0 Coal, bony 1' 4" Coal, good, visible 46.. 5 10 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 539 The George Gardner Farm Mine (No. 134 on Map II), on the head of McCann Run, 1.6 miles west of Lightburn, had fallen shut, but a measurement at the mouth of the mine showed 4' 2" of coal, at an elevation of 1255' B., being 52 feet, by hand level, below Mine No. 75 in the Redstone Coal, pre- viously described. At Farm Mine No. 135 on Map II, on Freemans Creek, 0.4 mile east of Freemansburg, the coal was once mined at an elevation of 1311' L., but the opening had fallen shut, being reported 4 feet thick, as shown by the Freemansburg Section, page 55. The Ova Lester Farm Mine (No. 136 on Map II), on Left Fork of Freemans Creek, 1.2 miles northwest of Freemans- burg, showed 4' 3" of coal, at an elevation of 1095' B . Coal Exposure — No. 137 on Map II. On Left Fork of Freemans Creek, 1.7 miles west of Freemansburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1090' B. Ft. In. Limestone, Redstone 3 0 Concealed 10 0 Coal (to fire clay floor) 2 6 The coal was observed at the Alvin Douglass Farm Exposure (No. 138 on Map II), on a branch of Polk Creek, 0.9 mile northwest of Camden, where it is 3' 2" thick, coming 50 feet, by hand level, below Opening No. 80 in the Redstone Coal, and having an elevation of 1207' B. The John Casey Farm Mine (No. 139 on Map II), on the head of Alum Fork, 2.4 miles northwest of Camden, had fallen shut, but was reported by Mr. Casey as being 4 feet thick, its elevation being 1035' B., and 45 feet, by hand level, below Opening No. 82A in the Redstone Coal. Minor Lovett Farm Mine — No. 140 on Map II. On Walnut Fork, 1.8 miles northeast of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 841' L. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly Shale, gray 2 0 Shale, dark 2 0 Coal, visible 3 0 540 COAL. Isaac Pyson Heirs Farm Mine — No. 141 on Map II. On Walnut Fork, 1.1 miles northeast of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 828' L. Ft. In. Shale, sandy 15 0 Shale, dark 3 0 Coal 2' 2" Slate, black, bony 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 10 6 1 J. C. Rooney Farm Mine — No. 142 on Map II. On Walnut Fork, at Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 835' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive 15 0 Shale, gray 1 6 Coal 0' 8" Bone 0 2 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 5 4 3 A sample from this mine, collected by S. D. Brady and analyzed in the laboratory of the Survey, was published in Volume II, page 206, and is repeated in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The C. F. Griggs Farm Mine (No. 143 on Map II), on Walnut Fork at Vadis, showing 5' 1" of coal with parting, is published in detail in the section for Vadis, page 60. Madison Lovell Heirs Farm Mine — No. 144 on Map II. Operated by Burgett Rinehart on Fink Creek, 0.5 mile west of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 792' L. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Shale, sandy 8 0 Shale, dark 4 0 Coal 2' 8" Slate, dark 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 4 7 1 Another operation on the same tract showed the following WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 541 Madison Lovell Heirs Farm Mine — No. 145 on Map II. On Fink Creek, 0.6 mile northwest of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 70° W.; elevation, 780' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive 2. Shale, gray 7 0 3. Coal, good 2' 0" 4. "Copperas Rock" parting... 0 1 5. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .4 2 6 3 A sample was collected from Xos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 145 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. L. C. Waugh Farm Mine— No. 146 on Map II. On Fink Creek, 0.6 mile west of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; eleva- tion, 780' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Shale, sandy 5 0 Coal 2' 0" Shale, dark 1 0 Coal 3 0 Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 4 10 i Another opening on the same farm shows the following" : L. C. Waugh Farm Mine — No. 147 on Map II. On Fink Creek, 0.7 mile west of Vadis; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 780' B. Ft. " In. Sandstone, massive Shale, sandy 6 0 Coal 0 2 Shale, dark 1 6 Coal 0 5 Shale, dark 1 0 Coal 2' 11" Slate, dark 0 1 Coal . ...44.. 74 542 COAL. The T. J. Fahey Farm Mine (No. 148 on Map II), on Leading Creek, 0.9 mile northeast of Linn, showed 5' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 925' B. The Lydia Allman Farm Mine (No. 149 on Map II), on Leading Creek, 0.5 mile northwest of Alum Bridge, showed 7' 3" of coal, its elevation being 930' B. The David Burkhammer Farm Mine (No. 150 on Map II), on Alum Fork, 1 mile north of Alum Bridge, exhibited 4 feet of coal, its elevation being 890' B., and coming 43 feet, by hand level, below Mine No. 86 in the Redstone Coal, and 118 feet below the great Sewickley Sandstone cliff. Pittsburgh Coal, Courthouse District, Lewis. In Courthouse District, the Pittsburgh Coal lies princi- pally under drainage, cropping only at two localities, one in the northeastern corner of the district, around Weston, and the other along the southern edge. In both of these regions the coal is too thin for mining or absent entirely from the measures, making it certain that any coal recovered from this seam must be obtained by shafting in the northern and west- ern parts of the district. In those portions of the district where the coal lies under drainage, information regarding its thickness and continuity is not complete. In the eastern part, near the junction of the Grassland and Roanoke Synclines, three diamond drill tests have been made, the record of only one of which (523) was secured. This record which showed no coal, together with the fact that none of consequence is recorded in any of the oil and gas well records of this locality and that none of minable thickness is found in the region of its crop, immediately northward, indicates that the eastern part of the district contains no Pittsburgh Coal of minable value. In the western part three core tests have been drilled in the Copley neighborhood, the records of which could not be secured. Numerous oil and gas well records were ob- tained, however, and a sufficient number of these record coal to warrant the assertion that a considerable body of Pitts- burgh Coal exists in this part of the district, but the fact that many of the records that are apparently complete fail to record the coal, indicates that it is patchy and that extensive tests by WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 543 the diamond drill should be made before final judgment can be passed upon it. It is entirely possible that several of the oil and gas well records published for this region, which failed to show the coal, have omitted it, many of them being defec- tive, and their information must therefore be regarded as in- conclusive. In the northeastern end of the district, near Weston, the coal is exposed along the public road near the Crescent Glass Factory, about one mile south of town, where it varies from 1 to 1^2 feet in thickness, and comes 10 to 12 feet below the Redstone Limestone and about 50 feet below the Redstone Coal which was once mined in the hillside. The Weston Brick Works Exposure (No. 151 on Map II), on the West Fork River, one mile south of Weston, shows the coal to be 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1020' B., as published under the description of the Weston Shale, in Chapter VI, page 128. Pittsburgh Coal, Skin Creek and Collins Settlement Districts, Lewis. In Skin Creek District, the horizon of the Pittsburgh Coal is above drainage along all the principal streams, but at no point shows a thickness sufficient to indicate that it can ever be mined, although its blossom frequently occurs. In this region, the Redstone Coal, which occurs in minable thickness about 50 feet above the Pittsburgh, has been frequently mis- taken for the latter horizon. The outcrop of the Pittsburgh Coal is not shown on Map II for this district, as its presence there would be misleading, but its horizon may be obtained at any point from the structure contours. In Collins Settlement District, the Pittsburgh Coal hori- zon is everywhere above drainage except in a small area at the northern end around Roanoke. In this locality, two core tests have been drilled the records of which could not be se- cured, but the records of the gas wells of the neighborhood, which show no coal, and the fact that in the neighboring regions where the horizon of the coal is exposed, there is no coal of appreciable thickness, lead to the belief that no Pitts- burgh Coal of consequence exists in this locality. In the re- 544 COAL. maining parts of the district, where the horizon of the coal is exposed, little more than the blossom of the coal is found, indicating that the entire district contains no Pittsburgh Coal of minable thickness, and its outcrop is not placed on Map II. The Redstone Coal above it has often been confused with the Pittsburgh in this district, but the stratigraphic evidence re- garding the two coals is conclusive, making it certain that the Redstone, and not the Pittsburgh, is the minable coal of the lower part of the Monongahela Series in this district. Pittsburgh Coal, Troy and Dekalb Districts, Gilmer. In Troy District, the Pittsburgh Coal is of minable thick- ness in only a small area in the southeastern corner, where it is a good seam, varying from 4 to 8 feet in thickness. The western line of disappearance, shown on Map II, indicates that the coal is not found west of Troy. Its horizon is exposed along Leading Creek and tributary streams in the southern end of the district, but beyond Troy no coal occurs where the Pittsburgh should belong. In the western end of the district, where its horizon is underground, no Pittsburgh Coal is re- corded in any of the well records secured in this region, and as many of these records are complete, there can be no doubt that the coal is absent in this region. In the southeastern corner, several openings were observed, and in this region the outcrop is shown on Map II. The E. M. Talbott Farm Mine (No. 152 on Map II), on Leading Creek, 1 mile east of Troy, had fallen shut, but was reported by Mr. Talbott to have shown 3 feet of coal, its elevation being 830' B. The coal has been opened, also, at several points along Fink Creek, between the Lewis Line and its junction with Leading Creek, but all these have fallen shut. J. C. Farnsworth Farm Mine— No. 153 on Map II. On Leading Creek, 1 mile northwest of Linn; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation. 850' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal (to slate pavement) . . 55 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 545 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 153 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Many thousands of tons of coal have been mined for local domestic consumption at the W. P. Carr Farm Mine (No. 154 on Map II), on Leading Creek, 0.5 mile northwest of Linn, where, according to Mr. Carr and the miners em- ployed by him, the coal attained a thickness of 9 feet. The old opening had fallen shut, but a newr opening a short dis- tance away showed 6' 9" of coal, at an elevation of 875' B. The coal has also been opened at two or three points arc. Linn but these openings have fallen shut. The Perry Talbott Farm Mine (No. 155 on Map II), on Spruce Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Linn, showed 4' 4" of coal, at an elevation of 930' B. In Dekalb District, the Pittsburgh Coal is not found in the southeastern part, where its horizon crops, nor in the western part where numerous gas wells, have been drilled through the measures that should contain it, the conclusion being that the coal does not exist in minable quantity. Its crop is not shown in this district but its horizon belongs at the base of the Monongahela Series which appears on Map II. Pittsburgh Coal, Glenville District, Gilmer. In Glenville District, the Pittsburgh Coal has been mined extensively for local domestic consumption and is also being mined commercially at the present, there being 4 mines of this kind. The western line of disappearance on Map II shows that the coal is not found in the district west of Glen- ville, but may be present in a large part of the district east of this line. In those portions of the district where the coal crops and could be studied, its existence is a matter, not of opinion, but of fact, and is shown as such by the line of its outcrop on the map, which appears thereon only in those regions where the coal is good. In a considerable part of the district, how- ever, the coal is underground along the Grassland Syncline, and since the information contained in available well records is not satisfactory, the existence of the coal as a continuous minable stratum must be a matter of grave doubt. Some of 546 COAL. the oil and gas wells record it and some do not. Several core tests have been made in the district, but, unfortunately, nearly all the operators who drilled them expressed themselves as unwilling or unable to furnish them to the Survey, and the information that they contain is therefore denied to the pub- lic. In most of such cases a justifiable suspicion exists that the diamond drill has not proved a satisfactory thickness of coal. The core test (754), at the mouth of Slidinghill Run at Stouts Mills, showed 7' 8" of coal, while another one (711) on Sand Fork, near the mouth of Indian Fork, showed only a streak of coal at the Pittsburgh horizon. Figure 6 embodies the best information available regarding the coal in this re- gion, showing those regions where it is known to be good as well as those where it is defective or uncertain. In the region where the coal crops, numerous openings were examined. Robert Carson Farm Mine — No. 156 on Map II. On Wolf pen Run of Stewart Creek, 0.9 mile north of Baldwin; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 975' B. Ft. In. Slate, dark Coal (to slate pavement) 6 8 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is shown under Mine No. 156 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Wade Ratliff Farm Mine— No. 157 on Map II. On Stewart Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of Baldwin; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 985' B. Ft. In. Draw slate 1 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 5 . A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 157 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Susan Criss Farm Mine (No. 158 on Map II), on Stewart Creek, 0.4 mile south of Baldwin, measured 4' 6" of coal, at an elevation of 970' B. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 547 J. W. Wolf Farm Mine— No. 159 on Map II. On Stewart Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Baldwin; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 985' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 15 0 Shale, dark 5 0 Coal 2' 0" Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 4 ~ 0 6 1 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 159 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Alexander Lyons Farm Mine (No. 160 on Map II), on Burke Run, 0.7 mile northwest of Baldwin, showed 4' 2" of coal, at an elevation of 1000' B. Below Burke Run the coal was not observed along Stewart Creek. At Glenville it was formerly mined on the south side of the Little Kanawha, 0.5 mile east of the town, at Opening No. 161 on Map II, at an elevation of 925' B., but the mine had fallen shut and could not be measured. This was the most western point where the coal could be found along the Little Kanawha. Between Glenville and Sand Fork the coal has been opened and mined for local do- mestic fuel at numerous points, at most of which it shows a fine development. Charles Hayes Farm Mine — No. 162 on Map II. On Dry Run, 2 miles southeast of Glenville; Pittsburgh Coal: butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 905' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 2' iy2" 3. Cannel hone 0 1% 4. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .3 9 6 0 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 162 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The output of this mine is about 500 bushels daily, with 5 men employed. The M. B. Morris Farm Mine (No. 163 on Map II), on 548 COAL. Dry Run, 2.2 miles southeast of Glenville, showed 4' 9" of coal, at an elevation of 865' B. The J. L. Floyd Farm Mine (No. 164 on Map II), on a branch of the Little Kanawha, 1.2 miles northwest of True- bada, had fallen shut, but was reported as being 5 to 7 feet, its elevation being 925' B. Summers Brothers Farm Mine — No. 165 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, 1.2 miles west of Truebada; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 70° W.; elevation, 875' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 2' 6V2" 3. Bone 0 1% 4. Coal (to slate pavement) . . .4 3 6 11 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 165 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal from this mine is used for local domestic fuel, the output being about 250 bushels daily, with 4 men employed. Elmer Fishback Farm Mine — No. 166 on Map II. On Duck Creek, 2.1 miles southwest of Sand Fork; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 800' B. Ft. In. Slate, dark Coal 2' 9" Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 8 6 6 Charles Wilfong Farm Mine— No. 167 on Map II. On Duck Creek, 2.5 miles southwest of Sand Fork; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 805' B. Ft. In. .Slate, dark, visible 5 0 Coal 2' 0" Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 8 .. 5 9 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 549 Coal Exposure — No. 168 on Map II. On Duck Creek, in the public road, 2.6 miles southwest of Sand Fork; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 815' L. Ft. In. Sandstone Concealed and shale 8 0 Coal 2' 0" Slate, black 4 0 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 3 7 3 W. J. Clovis Farm Mine — No. 169 on Map II. On Bear Run, 1.4 miles west of Sand Fork; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 792' L. Ft. In. Slate Coal 3' 8" Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 3 11 7 8 A sample of this coal was once collected by S. D. Brady, the analysis -of which, as made in the laboratory of the Survey, was published in Volume II, page 206, and is repeated under Mine No. 169 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. John R. Lynch Farm Mine — No. 170 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, 0.3 mile south of Truebada; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N 78° W.; elevation, 790' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 2' 7" 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .3 9 6 5 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 170 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Alva Lynch Farm Mine (No. 171 on Map II), on a branch of Mudlick Run, 1.4 miles northwest of Truebada, was partly fallen shut but showed 6 feet of coal at the mine mouth, the elevation being 985' B. 550 COAL. Calvin Summers Farm Mine — No. 172 on Map II. On Lynch Run, 0.9 mile northeast of Truebada; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 815' L. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Slate, dark 2 0 Coal 2' 6V2" Bone 0 1% Coal (to slate pavement) 4 0 6 8 L. L, D. Peters Farm Mine — No. 173 on Map II. On Lynch Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Truebada; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 905' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, shaly 2. Shale, sandy and dark 10 0 3. Coal 4' 3" 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal (to slate pavement) ... 4 6 8 10 A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 173 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Isaac Wiant Farm Mine (No. 174 on Map II), on Coal Run of Ellis Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Ellis, had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being 815' B. A sample was once collected from this mine by S. D. Brady, the analysis of which, as made in the laboratory of the Survey, was published in Volume II, page 206, of the Survey, under the name of "Ellis Mine." The same analysis is pub- lished in the table at the end of this Chapter, under Mine No. 174. Mr. Brady reports 5' 5" of coal with 1" of bone 1 foot below the top. Newton E. Wiant Farm Mine— No. 175 on Map II. On Jakes Run, 1.7 miles northwest of Ellis; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 82° W.; elevation, 845' B. Ft. In. Slate Coal (to slate pavement) 4 7 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 551 of which is published under Mine No. 175 in the table at the end of this Chapter. Lee Davis Farm Mine — No. 176 on Map II. On Jakes Run, 2 miles northwest of Ellis; Pittsburgh Coal; ele- vation, 910' B. Ft. In. Slate Coal 2' 1" Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 2 8 4 10 The Burton Fidler Farm Mine (No. 177 on Map II), on a branch of Ellis Creek, 2.4 miles northwest of Ellis, showed 4 feet of coal, at an elevation of 890' B. Southeast of the Grassland Syncline, the coal rises above drainage again along the Little Kanawha River near Gilmer Station, on the Coal and Coke Railway, close to the Braxton Line. Here it is being mined commercially and furnishes a fine grade of steam and domestic fuel. McCaa Coal Company— No. 178 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, 0.4 mile northwest of Gilmer Station; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 750' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 2' 5" 3. Cannel bone 0 1 4. Coal (to slate pavement) ... 3 10 6 4 "Principal office, Charleston, W. Va.; daily capacity, 225 tons, but designed to increase output to 1000 tons; 24 miners and 6 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal shipped West for railroad fuel; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E., by pocket compass; great- est rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 3 and 4 of sec- tion in room 13, 2nd Right, by D. B. Reger; J. M. Campbell, Vice President, authority for mine data." The composition of the above sample is published under Mine No. 178 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The cannel bone was included in the sample, be- cause, according to the officials of the company, buyers raise no objection to its presence in the shipment, its high volatile content causing it to burn freely. 552 COAL. Gilmer Fuel Company — No. 179 on Map II. On the Little Kanawha River, at the southwest edge of Gilmer Station; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 775' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate , 2. Coal, wild 1 0 3. Draw slate 2 0 4. Coal 4' 2" 5. Cannel bone 0 1 6. Coal (to slate pavement). . .4 0 8 3 "Principal office, 818 Provident Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio; capacity, 350 tons; 36 miners and 34 laborers employed; horse haulage; coal shipped in all directions for general steam fuel; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E., by pocket compass; great- est rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 4, 5 and 6 in Room No. 6, 5th Left; W. B. Sims, Superintendent, authority for mine data." The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 179 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Gilmer Consolidated Coal Company, Katherine Mine — No. 180 on Map II. On Copen Run, just southwest of Gilmer Station; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 810' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 2' 3" 3. Cannel bone 0 1 4. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .3 4 5 8 "Principal office, Burnsville, W. Va.; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E., by pocket compass; greatest rise, southeast; sample col- lected from Nos. 2, 3 and 4 of section, in Main Heading, by D. B. Reger." The composition of the sample is published under Mine No. 180 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The mine was not in operation when sampled. Gilmer Consolidated Coal Company, Brackett Mine — No. 181 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, 0.3 mile southeast of Gilmer Station; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 802' L. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal . ...2' 3" WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 553 Ft. In. 3. Cannel bone 0' 1" 4. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .2 10 5 2 "Principal office, Burnsville, W. Va.; butts, N. 80° W.; faces, N. 10° E., by pocket compass; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 3, and 4 of section, in Main Heading, by D. B. Reger." The composition of the sample is published under Mine No. 181 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The mine was not in operation when the sample was taken. The following mine is operated for local domestic fuel : S. L. Fincham Farm Mine — No. 182 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, 0.2 mile northeast of Gilmer Station; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 83° W.; elevation, 795' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 1' 1" 3. Bone 0 1 4. Coal (to slate pavement) .. .3 7 4 9 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 182 in the table at the end of this Chapter. Pittsburgh Coal, Center District, Gilmer. In Center District, the Pittsburgh Coal has been mined for local domestic fuel in a small area just southeast of Cedar- ville, and also in another locality along Right Fork and Bear Fork of Steer Creek in the southwestern corner of the district. In the region northwest of Cedarville, along the Grassland Syncline, where the coal lies under drainage, no direct infor- mation regarding the presence of the coal in minable thick- ness is available, but the fact that it occurs above drainage to the north, east and south of this locality, is evidence to war- rant the belief that there is a considerable body of good coal in the region named. In the northwestern part of the district, in a large portion of which the horizon crops, no Pittsburgh Coal is found, to show which the "Line of Western Disappearance" and "Line of Northern Disappearance" are placed on Map II. It will be 554 COAL. noticed that there is a broad barren belt, 9 miles wide at the Braxton Line, separating these two minable areas of the coal. In the area shown in the southwestern corner, the coal is patchy and uncertain, and its limits, as shown on Map II and Figure 6, are intended to show the limits beyond which no coal was found rather than to indicate that the coal is of min- able thickness in all the enclosed area. In the eastern part of the district, the coal has been found at one point, the Joseph Rhodes Farm Mine (No. 183 on Map II), on Spruce Run of Cedar Creek, 2.2 miles southward from Glenville, where it is 3' 7" in thickness, having an elevation of 850' B. This mine is very close to the line of western dis- appearance. At Exposure No. 184 on Map II, on Cedar Creek, 1.7 miles northwest of Cedarville, 2 feet of coal was observed along the public road, at an elevation of 770' B., that apparently represents the Pittsburgh, although no other exposure was observed between this point and Cedarville. At Exposure No. 185 on Map II, at the east end of Cedar- ville, the coal is exposed in the public road at an elevation of 810' L., and has a thickness of 2' 8" with a large parting, as shown by the section for Cedarville, page 94. Rex Snyder Farm Mine — No. 186 on Map II. On Upper Level Run, 0.5 mile southeast of Cedarville; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 825' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal, soft 2' 2y2" 3. Bone 0 1^4 4. Coal, hard 0 6 5. Sulphur band 0 1*4 6. Coal, soft (to slate pave- ment) 3 5 6 4 A sample was collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 186 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Allen Bailey Farm Mine (No. 187 on Map II), on Cedar Creek, 0.5 mile east of Cedarville, showed 4' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 800' B. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 555 J. W. Burk Farm Mine— No. 188 on Map II. On Cedar Creek, 0.7 mile east of Cedarville; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 795' B. Ft. In. Draw slate Coal (to slate pavement) 3 3 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 188 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Bennett and Chapman Farm Mine (No. 189 on Map II), on Cedar Creek, just across the county line in Otter Dis- trict, Braxton, showed 4' 2" of coal, at an elevation of 80S' B. Along Left Fork of Steer Creek, no Pittsburgh Coal was found in Gilmer but its bench was traced across the county line into Otter District, Braxton, where the coal was found at the following opening 2}/2 miles from the county line : Christian Engel Farm Mine — No. 190 on Map II. On Granddaddy Run of Left Fork of Steer Creek, 0.5 mile south- west of German; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 995' B. Ft. In. Draw slate Coal 2' 3" Slate, gray, with coal streaks, 0%" to 0 6 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 3 4 0 In the southwestern productive area in Center District, the coal was once opened at the Daniel Huffman Farm Mine (No. 191 on Map II), on Right Fork of Steer Creek, 2.6 miles southeast of Stumptown, at an elevation of 945' B., but the mine had fallen shut, and no information was obtained regard- ing its thickness. At the following mine, near by, the coal was well exposed : Eli Shock Farm Mine — No. 192 on Map II. On Right Fork of Steer Creek, 2.4 miles southward from Stump.- town; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 70° W.; elevation, 920' B. Ft. In. Draw slate Coal (to slate pavement) 4 8 556 COAL. No regular partings were observed but a few clay seams were visible. A sample was collected from this coal, the com- position of which is published under Mine No. 192 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal was once opened at the Draper Stump Farm Mine (No. 193 on Map II), at the mouth of Crooked Fork, 0.5 mile northeast of Valley, at an elevation of 955' B., apparently at the very crest of the Chestnut Ridge Anticline, but the mine has fallen shut, being reported 6 feet thick. The E. B. Petty Farm Mine (No. 194 on Map II), on a branch of Right Fork of Steer Creek, 0.3 mile west of Valley, showed 3' 8" of coal, at an elevation of 935' B. The coal has been mined extensively for local domestic fuel along Bear Fork, where the two following openings were observed : Louis Bennett Farm Mine — No. 195 on Map II. On Bear Fork, 2.1 miles south of Stumptown; Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 890' B Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 10 0 Shale, dark, sandy 7 0 Coal (to slate pavement), 5' 0" to 5 6 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 195 in the table of coal an- alyses at the end of this Chapter. This mine is run by A. H. Stump, who has recently made a new opening a few rods dis- tant, which shows a total section of 6' 3", with I" of bony coal 4 feet above the bottom. Louis Bennett Farm Mine — No. 196 on Map II. On Bear Fork, at the mouth of Trace Fork, 2.6 miles northwest of Shock; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 865' B. Ft. In. 1. Draw slate 2. Coal 1' 3" 3. Coal, hard, bony 0 1 4. Coal (to slate pavement)... 3 1 . 4 5 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4, the composi- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 557 tion of which is given under Mine No. 196 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 197 on Map II, on Barn Run of Right Fork of Steer Creek, 0.7 mile south- west of Rosedale, in the edge of Birch District, Braxton, at an elevation of 965' B., but had fallen shut. It was observed also at several points along Mill Fork, in Braxton, southeast of Rosedale, but in the immediate vicinity of the town, none could be found. Quantity of Pittsburgh Coal Available. The amount of Pittsburgh Coal already mined, when compared to the sum total of all that is available in the two counties, is a negligible quantity and is disregarded entirely in the following table which shows the probable amount of the coal, for those areas indicated as productive on Map II and Figure 6. In the regions where the coal is known to be somewhat defective or patchy, the average thickness is reduced to allow for the decreased tonnage that may be secured. The table shows that about 37 per cent, of the area of tne two counties is underlain with Pittsburgh Coal : Probable Amount of Pittsburgh Coal. i Thickness | Counties by | of Coal ' Districts. | Assumed. ISq. | Cubic Feet | Short Tons Acres. I of Coal. I of Coal. | Feet. | I Lewis: Hackers Creek. Freemans Creek Courthouse .... Skin Creek Totals 6 4 1 [ 23.30 | 85.00 ! 54.00 | 3.54 14,912 54,400 34,560 2,265.6 1,299,133,440 14,217,984,000 6,021,734,400 98,689,536 51,963,338 568,719,360 240,869,376 3,947,581 1165 84 106,137.6 5,440 41,280 22,400 21,637,541,376 865,501,655 1,184,832,000! 47,393.280 7,192,627,200J 287,705,088 2,927,232,000| 117,089,280 Gilmer: Troy 5 4 3 I 8.50 | 64.50 j 35.00 | Glenville Center Totals ..I108.00| 69,120 111,304,691,200 452,187,648 Totals for Both Counties. . . . 1273 . 84 175,257.6|32,942,232,576|1,317,689.303 558 COAL. MINABLE COALS OF THE CONEMAUGH SERIES. THE ELK LICK COAL. The Elk Lick Coal, discussed previously in Chapter VII, becomes of minable importance only in Skin Creek and Col- lins Settlement Districts, Lewis. In the former, it has been mined for local domestic fuel along Little Skin Creek in the vicinity of Vandalia, and in the latter it was once mined com- mercially at Emmart, on the Coal and Coke Railway, but the mine has been abandoned. In parts of these two districts, the coal attains a thickness of 5 to 6 feet, but the upper portion of the seam is bony, having a percentage of ash too high for commercial shipment. The lower half of the seam is good coal. Figure 7 shows those regions where it is of possible minable value. It should not be taken for granted that the coal is good at every point within this area outlined as the scale of the figure is too small to show local defects. The openings described in the following pages are from the locali- ties where it is of value and must serve as a guide for its in- telligent exploitation. Map II shows the crop of the coal in those regions where it is of possible minable value. Elk Lick Coal, Hackers Creek District, Lewis. In Hackers Creek District, the blossom of the Elk Lick Coal was observed at several points but only at the following place was it found in any thickness of consequence : Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Exposure — No. 204 on Map II. On West Run, 2 miles south of Jane Lew; Elk Lick Coal; eleva- tion, 1140' B. Ft. In. Shale Coal 1' 4"'" Shale, gray 0 1 Coal 0 8 .. 2 1 Fire clay shale, gray 12 0 Limestone, gray, hard, silicious, Elk Lick 1 6 Fire clay shale to grade 2 6 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 559 560 COAL. Elk Lick Coal, Skin Creek District, Lewis. In Skin Creek District, the Elk Lick Coal has a good de- velopment along Skin Creek, where it has been mined fre- quently for local purposes. It also appears on the head of Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, but not in such good develop- ment as along Skin Creek. Alfred Linger Farm Mine— No. 205 on Map II. On Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, 2.5 miles southwest of Atlas; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1110' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate 2. Coal 2' 8" 3. Coal, cannelly (to slate pavement) 0 6 3 2 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 3 of section, the composition of which is shown under Mine No. 205 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal is some- what high in sulphur and ash but will make a fair domestic fuel. At Exposure No. 206 on Map II, in the public road on a branch of Pringle Fork, 2.5 miles southeast of Georgetown, the coal was 0' 8" thick, at an elevation of 1250' B. At Exposure No. 207 on Map II, in the public road on Skin Creek, 2.3 miles northwest of Vandalia, 4 feet of coal is visible, at an elevation of 1075' B. Bruce Linger Farm Mine — No. 208 on Map II. On Skin Creek, 2 miles northwest of Vandalia; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1085' B. Ft. In Concealed and sandy shale 10 0 Coal, slaty 0 6 Shale, sandy 5 0 Coal, hard 1' 11" Bone 0 1 Coal, good 2 1 4 1 Slate and concealed 10 0 Shale, limy, and concealed to creek. . . 10 0 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 561 Benjamin Hawkins Farm Mine — No. 209 on Map II. On Hog Hollow, 2 miles northwest of Vandalia; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1093' L. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Shale, sandy 10 0 Coal, bony 1' 1" Coal, hard 2 0 Bone 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 1 11 5 1 Granville Radabaugh Farm Mine — No. 210 on Map II. On Skin Creek, 1.7 miles northwest of Vandalia; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1090' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Morgantown Shale, sandy 15 0 Coal, hard 2' 0 " Bone 0 1% Coal, softer (to slate pavement) .1 9% 3 11 At Exposure No. 211 on Map II, in the public road on Skin Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Vandalia, the coal was 3 feet thick, at an elevation of 1100' B. At Exposure No. 212 on Map II, on Pen Run, 0.5 mile west of Vandalia, the coal has once been opened at an eleva- tion of 1125' B., but the mine had fallen shut. Elizabeth Hefner Farm Mine — No. 213 on Map II. On Pen Run, 1 mile northwest of Vandalia; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1135' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate, dark 2. Coal, bony 0' 4%" 3. Coal 2 8y2 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal (to slate pavement)...! 3 4 5 A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 213 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal shows a high percentage of ash, owing to the bony nature of member No. 3. 562 COAL. Elk Lick Coal, Collins Settlement District, Lewis. In the northern end of Collins Settlement District, the Elk Lick Coal has a good development, but in the southern end, as shown on Map II, the southeastward rise of the measures ele- vates the coal high in the hilltops. The coal has much the same character as in Skin Creek District, being bony in the upper and good in the lower portion. Robert McCray Farm Mine — No. 214 on Map II. On Sand Fork, 2.9 miles northeast of Roanoke; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 85° W ; elevation, 1090' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate, dark 2. Coal, bony 1' 0" 3. Bone 0 2 4. Coal, hard 1 6 5. Bone 0 1 6. Coal, softer (to slate pave- ment) 2 4 5 1 A sample was collected from Nos. 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 214 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. A. M. Rollyson Farm Mine— No. 215 on Map II. On Sand Fork, 3.9 miles southeast of Roanoke; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1150' L. Ft. In. Shale, sandy, dark 3 0 Coal, hard, bony 1' 4" Bone 0 1 Coal, good (to slate pavement) .2 1 3 6 Thomas Eckess Farm Mine — No. 216 on Map II. On Sand Fork, 3.5 miles northeast of Roanoke; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1140' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy, dark Coal, bony 0' 9" Coal, hard 1 6 Bone 0 1 Coal, good (to slate pavement). 2 4 4 8 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 563 D. S. Bennett Farm Mine — No. 217 on Map II. On Sand Fork, 3.1 miles southeast of Roanoke; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1102' L. Ft. In. Shale, dark Coal, hard, bony 2' 6" Bone .0 1 Coal, softer (to slate pavement) .2 3 4 10 R. H. Hornor and Son Farm Mine — No. 218 on Map II. On Sand Fork at the mouth of Sammy Run, 4.4 miles southeast of Roanoke; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1174' L. Ft. In. 1. Slate, black 2. Coal, bony 0' 9" 3. Coal, hard 1 11 4. Bone 0 1 5. Coal, softer (to slate pave- ment) 2 2 4 11 A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 218 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. A commercial mining plant was built about ten years ago at Emmart Station on the Coal and Coke Railway, to operate the Elk Lick Coal, but after about 5 years the mine was aban- doned and the plant dismantled, it being reported that the com- pany failed to use proper care in rejecting the bony coal at the upper portion of the seam, making too large a percentage of ash in the shipment. The mine has now fallen shut but the following measurement was made at the mine mouth : Jacksonville Coal and Coke Company Mine — No. 219 on Map II. »!- On Cap Run, 0.9 mile northeast of Emmart; Elk Lick Coal; eleva- tion, 1200' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy 15 0 Coal, slaty 1' 4" Coal, bony 0 11 Bone 0 1 Coal, good (to slate pavement) .3 2 5 « 564 COAL. The coal is mined for local fuel at a farm opening near by which shows the following section : Clyde Reger Farm Mine — No. 220 on Map II. On Cap Run, 1 mile northeast of Emmart; Elk Lick Coal; butts, N. 87° W.; elevation, 1210' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate 2. Coal, bony 1' 4" 3 Coal, good 1 2 4. Slate, black 0 1 5. Coal, good (to slate pave- ment) 2 8 5 3 A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 220 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal shows a large percentage of ash. South of the Coal and Coke Railway, the Elk Lick Coal, so far as observed, has not been mined and is probably of little value. Quantity of Elk Lick Coal Available. The accompanying table, showing that only a small num- ber of the many oil and gas wells drilled in the two counties show the Elk Lick Coal, indicates that it will not prove to be of minable value in any of those regions where its horizon lies below drainage, and the previous discussion shows that it is of value at its outcrop only in portions of Skin Creek and Col- lins Settlement Districts, Lewis. Another table that follows shows the probable amount of Elk Lick Coal for these areas : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. List of Wells Recording Elk Lick Coal. 565 No. on Map Name of Well. Location. Elev. of well mouth A.T. Depth Feet. Thick- ness. Feet 50 154 165 175 420 423 432 460 663 717 Lewis County: T. A. Smith No. 1 Stark A. White No. 1 M. C. Burnside No. 1914.. J M Hall No 2 Berlin, 2.6 mi. S.. Camden, 1.1 mi. N. 10° E 1155B 1145B 1075B 1065B | 950B 845B | 925B 880B 865B 940L 195 92 85 465 528 403 320 415 583 325 5 8 5 3 3 6 10 Freemansburg, 1.5 mi N E Benson, 1.1 mi. S E John Collins No. 4016 James Hall No. 1 Aspinwall, 2.0 mi. N Bealls Mills, 1.0 mi. S E T. T. Dolan No. 7005 John Copley No. 4036 Oilmen County: M. E. Gainer No 1.. Aspinwall, 1.2 mi. N E Gillooly, 1.0 mi. N. W Alfred, 1.8 mi. S. W Amanda B. Connor jEllis, 2.0 mi. N... Probable Amount of Elk Lick Coal. Lewis County by Districts. I Thickness | of Coal | Assumed. | Feet. i Sq.Mi.j Acres. ! I Cubic Feet | Short Tons of Coal. | of Coal. Skin Creek Collins Settle- ment Totals 1 3 ; 3 | 34.00J 21,760 1 51.50| 32,960 2,843,596,800| 4,307,212,800) 113,743,872 172,288,512 . 85.50J 54,720 7,150,809,6001 285,032,384 THE BAKERSTOWN COAL. The Bakerstown Coal, described in Chapter VII, and shown by outcrop on Map II, occurs above drainage in a small area in Hackers Creek and Freemans Creek Districts, near Jackson Mill, in a small part of Skin Creek and in Collins Set- tlement where it has been mined extensively for local domes- tic fuel. In the latter district the coal is usually from 2 to 3 feet thick and is regarded as a good steam and domestic coal, 566 COAL. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 567 but all the analyses made show it to be high in ash and sul- phur. This coal is under drainage in western Lewis and in all of Gilmer, but its presence has been noted in numerous oil and gas well records in this region, indicating that it has a possible thickness of 2 or 3 feet in a considerable territory, on which final judgment can be passed only after it has been thoroughly core tested. Figure 8 shows its possible minable extent, those regions where it is uncertain for lack of sufficient information being shown by a patchy or broken line represen- tation on the figure. Bakerstown Coal, Hackers Creek and Freemans Creek Districts, Lewis. In Hackers Creek District, the Bakerstown Coal crops only in a small region near Jackson Mill at the intersection of the Chestnut Ridge and Wolf Summit Anticlines, and along the West Fork River toward the Harrison Line where the lat- ter uplift keeps it above drainage. At Exposure No. 227 on Map II, on the West Fork River, at the mouth of Broad Run, at Lightburn, the coal is 1' 6" thick, at an elevation of 995' B. At the Monongahela Valley Traction Co. Exposure (No. 228 on Map II), on Sycamore Lick, 1.1 miles northeast of Jack- son Mill, the coal shows a thickness of 1' 3", at an elevation of 1005' B. At the A. J. Hardman Exposure (No. 228 A on Map II), on Sycamore Lick, 1.3 miles northeast of Jackson Mill, the coal has been mined by stripping along the run, at an eleva- tion of 1010' B., and has a thickness of 1' 6", as shown by the section for Jane Lew, page 47. At the Monongahela Valley Traction Co. Exposure (No. 229 on Map II), on West Fork River, 0.4 mile south of Jack- son Mill, the coal is 1' 10" thick, at an elevation of 1045' B. In Freemans Creek District, the Bakerstown Coal crops along the West Fork River between Jackson Mill and Light- burn, as shown on Map II, but apparently has not been pros- pected, although its blossom is exposed at several points. 568 COAL- Bakerstown Coal, Skin Creek District, Lewis. In Skin Creek District, the Bakerstown Coal is exposed only in the southeastern corner where it has a thickness of 2 to 3 feet. At Exposure No. 230 on Map II, on Skin Creek, 1.5 miles southeast of Vandalia, the coal was noted along the public road at an elevation of 1110' B., and had a thickness of 2' 8". At Exposure No. 231 on Map II, on Skin Creek, 1.7 miles southeast of Vandalia, it was 2' 6" thick, at an elevation of 1135' B., in the hill road. Bakerstown Coal, Collins Settlement District, Lewis. In Collins Settlement District, the Bakerstown Coal was mined extensively for local fuel before the Coal and Coke Rail- way was built, and was used for mill and domestic purposes in Walkersville, Crawford and Ireland. The thin nature of the seam made mining expensive and laborious, but the coal was regarded as good. At Exposure No. 232 on Map II, on Sand Fork, 3 miles northwest of Frenchton, the coal is 2 feet thick and slaty, its elevation being 1115' B. At Exposure No. 233 on Map II, on Sand Fork, in the edge of Banks District, Upshur, 1.5 miles west of Frenchton, the coal is 1' 4" thick and bony, its elevation being 1405' B. George Blair Farm Mine — No. 234 on Map II. On Laurel Run, 0.5 mile northeast of Crawford; Bakerstown Coal; butts, N. 80° W.; elevation, 1115' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, coarse 10 0 Concealed 10 0 Slate, dark 4 0 Boal, bony 1' 2" Bone 0 i Coal, bony (to slate pavement) .0 10 2 1 The coal was formerly mined at the James Moore Farm Mine (No. 235 on Map II), on West Fork River, 0.3 mile southeast of Crawford, at an elevation of 1125' B., and sup- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 569 plied fuel for the Crawford lumber and grain mill for many years. The opening has now fallen shut but the writet once crawled into the mine when but a small boy and can vouch for the statement that the coal was about 2 feet thick. George Post Farm Mine — No. 236 on Map II. On West Fork River, 0.6 mile southeast of Crawford; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1180' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale, sandy 2. Coal, good 1' 5" 3. Coal, bony 0 1 4. Coal, good (to slate pave- ment) 0 9 , 2 3 A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 236 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal was once opened at Mine No. 237 on Map II, on the West Fork River, 0.7 mile southeast of Crawford, at an elevation of 1150' B., but the mine had fallen shut. The A. M. McQuain Farm Mine (No. 238 on Map II), on Wolfpen Run, 0.7 mile southeast of Wymer, had fallen shut when examined but the coal was reported to have been 2 feet thick, its elevation being 1335' B. At Farm Mine No. 239 on Map II, on West Fork River, 0.5 mile east of Jewell, the coal was once opened at an eleva- tion of 1394' L., as shown by the section for Jewell, page 71, the mine being partly filled with water but showing a thick- ness of about 2 feet. The coal was once opened at Farm Mine No. 240 on Map II, on Right Fork, 0.7 mile south of Wralkersville, at an elevation of 1105' L., but the place had fallen shut. At Farm Mine No. 241 on Map II, on Leatherbark Run, 2 miles southeast of Walkersville, the coal was once opened at an elevation of 1195' B., but the mine had fallen shut. 570 COAL. H_ L. McQuain Farm Mine— No. 242 on Map II. • On Sugarcamp Run, 2.9 miles northeast of Ireland; Bakerstown Coal- butts, N 86° W.; elevation, 1445' B. Ft. In. Shale, dark Coal (to slate pavement) 1 5 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Aline No. 242 in the table of coal an- alyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal is high in both ash and sulphur. At Exposure No. 243 on Map II, in the hill road at the head of Sugarcamp Run, 0.5 mile southwest of Boyd, the coal was noted at an elevation of 1545' B., its thickness being about 1 foot. L: E. Mick Farm Mine— No. 244 on Map II. On Right Fork, of West Fork, 0.6 mile northeast of Ireland; Bakerstown Coal; butts, N. 88° W-; elevation. 1158' B. Ft. In. 1. Slate, black 2. Coal (to slate pavement) 2 % 0 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 244 in the table of coal an- alyses at the end of this Chapter. The analysis shows a large amount of ash and sulphur. The L. E. Mick Farm Mine (No. 245 on Map II), on Right Fork, just west of Ireland, showed 1' 10" of coal, its eleva- tion being 1175' B. The Reger Heirs Farm Mine (No. 246 on Map II), on Right Fork, 0.4 mile southeast of Ireland, was fallen shut but showed a thickness of 2 feet at the outcrop, its elevation being 1245' B. The coal was once opened at Farm Mine No. 247 on Map II, on a branch of Right Fork, 0.9 mile southwest of Ireland, at an elevation of 1225' B., but the mine had fallen shut and could not be measured. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 571 Quantity of Bakerstown Coal Available. As previously mentioned, the large number of oil and gas well records compiled in the accompanying table, showing Bakerstown Coal in a considerable portion of the two coun- ties, where its horizon lies under drainage, indicates that this coal will eventually be worth investigating as a mining prop- osition when the surface coals have become scarce. In some records too much coal is probably shown, as several feet of black slate often occurs above this coal, accounting for the thickness of 10 to 12 feet given in some of the records. 'After the list of wells recording Bakerstown Coal, another table ap- pears, showing the probable amount of this coal. The thick- ness of coal assumed where the coal is under drainage is made smaller than the average shown in the well records in order to allow for those portions where the coal appears to be absent or thin : List of Wells Recording Bakerstown Coal. No. on Map Name of Well. Location. ' Elev. | !of well) Depth |Thick- imouthj Feet. | ness. | A. T. I | Feet. Lewis County: E. W. Post No. 1, 5 JW. F. Post No. 1.. 6 IW. F. Post No. 2 . . 65 M. W. Harrison No. 1923. . 67 |A. M. Smith No. 1911. Johnstown, 0.5 mi. S. |1060B 130 | Johnstown, 2.5 mi| S. 'W |1365B| 386 | 4 Johnstown, 2.6 mi.| S. W. | 1280B| 316 | 3 Weston, 1.5 mi. S.f 1050B| 330 E. Weston, 2.3 mi, E '1020Bi 320 | 77 |J C. Roane No. 1 | Deanville 1 1037LJ 185 ! 94 W. A. Arnold No. 6 (Jackson Mill, 0.2| 96 98 99 102 105 A J Hardman mi S. E. . . 1 1110B 64 59 160 80 85 4 2 4 1 2 2 Jackson Mill, mi N E 1.6| | 1020B Hebron Church No. 1 J. H. Ramsburg No. 3515. . L. M. Allman No. 2855.... W. W. Wimer No. 369 Jane Lew, 0.8 S. W Lightburn, 0.5 S E ... 1 1130B mi.| 1 1065B Lightburn, 0.6 E Lightburn, 0.3 N. F mi. ...I1060B mi.l ...I1030B Name of Well. No. | on Map.| 108 [Richard Beeghley No. 448. 110 Wm. Beeghley No. 442 Location. | Elev. | jof well| Depth JThick- |mouth| Feet. ! ness. | A. T. i Feet. Ill 115 J. M. Beeghley No. 436... A. C. Barb No. 380 117 H. L. Frashuer No. 484. 132 [Newton Shaw No. 1 I 153 175 350 434 554 Stark A. White No. 2. . . J. M. Hall No. 2. Erma Woofter No. 472 Henry Pumphrey No. 1999 . John Smith No. 1 556 |Louvina Linger No. 1 559 James Duncan No. 1. 585 | Waters Heirs No. 4 587 | Waters Heirs No. 2 | Gilmer County: 616 j Josiah Nutter Hrs. No 4007 W | 940L 617 IPeter Cole No. 1 ICoxs Mills, 1.0 mi.l S. E | 775B 635 JG. A. Kemper No. 1 Lightburn, 0.7 mi. N | 1025B | 100 1 Lightburn, 1.1 mi. N W 1215B 292 3 Lightburn, 1.1 mi. N W 1215B 1298 2 Lightburn, 0.5 mi. N 1005B 143 2 Mineral, 1.1 mi. S. E . . . . 1210B 560 8 Deanville, 1.3 mi. N. W Camden, 1.1 mi. N. 10° W 1025B 1285B 148 500 5 Benson, 1.1 mi.S. E 1065B 625 12 Alum Bridge, 1 mi. S W 797L 250 3 Aspinwall, 0.9 mi. N W 825B 340 10 Atlas, 2.5 mi. S. W 1365B 60 2 Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. E 1380B 125 Abbott, 1.4 mi. N. W 1365B 150 2 Orlando, 2.0 mi. N. Orlando, 2.0 mi. N. 5° E Auburn, 1.8 mi, S. 885B 1060B 300 380 5 5 639 Swisher Hrs. No. 4. 645 |L. S. Vannoy No. 2176... ! 653 |G. M. Fisher No. 1 678 |O. W. O. Hardman No 1.. 689 [Milton Norris No. 1 . W. Killingsworth No. 1 . 701 [Arnold Moore Hrs. No. 1 . . 725 [E. E. Bond No. 7009 794 U. W. Twvman No. 1 . . 800 525 Newberne, 0.5 mi.| S. | 855L| 670 | Newberne, 0.9 mi.| S. W [1027L 810 Newberne, 2.2 mi. | S. W I 855B| 708 Tanner, 1 7 mi. N| . Nobe, 1.9 mi. N. E.[. Glenville, at |. Sand Fork, 1.4 mi.f N. W. 700 [V. S. & r. M. Lynch No. 4. Blackburn,' 1.6 'mV I W | 910B| 715 672 1110 264 S64 Blackburn, 1.0 mi.l N. W | 765BI 559 Aspinwall, 1.1 mi.| S. W f!090B| 595 Rosedale, at | 796L! 330 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Probable Amount of Bakerstown Coal. 573 Counties by Districts. Thickness of Coal Assumed. Feet. Sq.Mi. Acres. Cubic Feet of Coal. Short Tons of Coal. Lewis: Hackers Creek.. Freemans Creek Courthouse .... Skin Creek Collins Settle- ment . Totals i 1 I 2 - 61.20 114.53 39,168 73,299 3,412,316,160 3,192,913,152 136,492,646 127,716,526 . 39.80 66.00 25,472 42,240 2,219,120,640 3,679,948,800 88,764,826 147,197,952 1 281.53 69.06 73.05 78.65 121.64 180,179 12,504,298,752 44,198 3,850,564,608 46,752 4,073,034,248 50,336 2,192,636,160 77,850 3,391,128,576 500,171,950 154,022,584 162,921,370 87,705,446 135,645,143 Gilmer: Troy Dekalb Glenville Center . Totals J342. 401219,136 |13,507,363,592| 540,294,543 Totals for Both Counties. .. r!623793!399T3l5~~|2~67ni7662,344|l7040,466;493 MINABLE COALS OF THE ALLEGHENY SERIES. THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL. The Upper Freeport Coal, described briefly in Chapter VIII, crops only in Collins Settlement District, Lewis, south of the Coal and Coke Railway, where it is occasionally found but does not appear in such good development as in some of the northern counties. It has been prospected at only a few points and these openings show that it is thin and patchy. In the region where this coal lies under drainage, it is noted in only a few oil and gas well records, warranting the statement that it is not of minable value except along the southeastern edge of Lewis. Its outcrop is shown on Map II and its prob- able minable area on Figure 9. Quantity of Upper Freeport Coal Available. The following table, showing a list of oil and gas wells in both counties that record Upper Freeport Coal, indicates that the coal is not present in any commercial quantity under 574 COAL. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 575 drainage, except in the wells along the Upshur-Lewis Line, the others where it is recorded being too far apart to warrant the belief that it will be found in valuable quantity elsewhere. Its presence, therefore, is indicated on Figure 9 only along the southeastern corner of Lewis. Another table gives the probable amount of this coal : List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Upper Freeport Coal. No. on Map. Name of Well. Location Blev. j of wellj Depth mouth| Feet. A.T. | Thick- ness. Feet. 320 ' 412 Lewis County: Joseph Fallon No. 1 I. N. Means No. 1 . . Churchville, mi. S. 60° Bealls Mills 1.7 W... . 1.4 1010B, 711 1 7 mi. S. W I1210B! 1095 434 Henry Pumphrey No. 1999. (Aspinwall, 0.9 mi.j N. W • | 825B| 555 552 | James R. White No. 1 [Atlas, 1.4 mi. S.| | I W |1150B! 230 I Atlas, 2.5 mi. S.j | W (1365BI 260 .| Abbott, 1.6 mi. N.| | E. ! 1380B| 246 .(Abbott, 1.5 mi. N.! 1220B! 122 .(Abbott, 1.4 mi. N.| W. (1365B! 268 588 [Waters Heirs No. 1 (Orlando, 2.0 mi.| | | N. 15° E | 1240B| 735 | Gilmer County: 786 |T. V. Shock No. 1 794 |J. W. Twyman No. 1. . 554 [John Smith No. 1 556 |Louvina Linger No. 1... 558 |J. F. Gould No. 1 559 IJames Duncan No. 1. . .jRosedale, 1.3 mi. I ( N | 780BI 485 . Rosedale, at.. .! 794LI 515 Probable Amount of Upper Freeport Coal. Counties by Districts. Thickness] of Coal ! ( Assumed. ISq.Mi. ( Feet. j Acres. 1 Cubic Feet | of Coal. | 1 Short Tons of Coal. Lewis: Skin Creek Collins Settle- ment | 2 I 18.00 | 2 I 29 20 11,520 18 688 1,003,622,400 1 628 098 560 40,144,896 65 123 943 Totals ! 47.20 30,208 2,631,720,9601 105,268,839 576 COAL. THE UPPER KITTANNING COAL. The Upper Kittanning Coal, a brief description of which appears in Chapter VIII, crops only in Collins Settlement Dis- trict, Lewis, where it has been frequently opened for local do- mestic fuel. It is a good coal in most of this region, varying from 2 to 4 feet. The only analysis available shows that the coal is somewhat high in ash and sulphur. In those portions of the two counties where the coal lies under drainage this coal has been occasionally found by well drillers but there are not enough records showing it to warrant the statement that it will be found continuous enough for mining in any locality except along the Upshur Line in portions of Skin Creek and Collins Settlement Districts. Its crop is shown on Map II and its probable minable area on Figure 10. Upper Kittanning Coal, Collins Settlement District, Lewis. The coal was once opened at the W. H. Wood Estate Farm Mine (No. 252 on Map II), on Fallen Timber Run, 1 mile northeast of Bablin, at an elevation of 1435' B., and. was reported 4 feet thick. Elizabeth McCartney Farm Mine— No. 253 on Map II. On Big Wildcat Run, 0.5 mile west of Bablin; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1340' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly Shale, dark, with plant fossils 3 0 Coal, reported 3 0 Concealed 2 0 Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Lower Freeport William P. Kincaid Farm Mine— No. 254 on Map II. On Little Wildcat Run, 1.1 miles southwest of Bablin; Upper Kit- tanning Coal; butts, N. 88° W.; elevation, 1365' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Slate, black 0 6 Coal, (to slate pavement) 2 6 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 577 A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 254 in the table of coal an- alyses at the end of this Chapter. It shows a high content of both ash and sulphur. The John Beverage Farm Mine (No. 255 on Map II), on the Right Fork of the Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile north of Cleveland, showed a thickness of 3' 7", with parting, as shown by the section for Cleveland, page 75, its elevation being 1780' L. This mine is in the edge of Upshur, about 0.1 mile from the Lewis Line. George Davis Farm Mine — No 261 on Map II. On Cherry Fork, 0.9 mile north of Ingo; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1445' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy 5 0 Coal 1' 6" Slate, black 0 3 Coal 1 3 3 0 Slate, pavement, and concealed 1 0 Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Lower Freeport.. 30 0 Quantity of L/pper Kittanning Coal Available. The following table, giving a list of oil and gas wells that record Upper Kittanning Coal in those regions where its hori- zon lies under drainage, shows that this coal does not occur with such frequency as to be classed as a minable seam in those regions except possibly along the Upshur Line in por- tions of Skin Creek and Collins Settlement Districts. Another table gives the probable amount of this coal, for the area out- lined on Figure 10: 578 COAL. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 579 List of Wells Recording Upper Kittanning Coal. No. on Map. Name of Well. Location. Elev. | of well| Depth mouth | Feet, j A. T. | Thick- ness. Feet 93 126 132 153 417 476 516 526 552 553 791 794 797 Lewis County: A. W. Woodf ord No. 1 E. S. Butcher No. 1 Newton Shaw No 1 Jackson Mill, 1.0 mi S 1030B 1010B 1025B 1285B 890B 1150B 1170B 1055B 1150B 1255B 787L 794L | 795B 380 306 440 740 905 710 975 740 305 385 615 625 470 8 12 12 6 5 3 5 5 2 2 3 Jackson Mill, 1.0 mi S W Deanville, 1.3 mi. N W Stark A. White No. 2 Camden, 1.1 mi. N 10° W James Murphy No. 1903.. F. C Jarvis No 1 Copley, 1.7 mi. S. E Camden, 1.5 mi. S John H. Hammer No. 1. . . Louis Bennett No. 1 James R. White No. 1 Jacob Krise No. 1 Brownsville, 1.4 mi. N. W Brownsville, 1.0 mi. N Atlas, 1.4 mi. S. W Atlas, 2.3 mi. S. W Gilmer County: E. E. Cottrell No. 1 J. W. Twyman No. 1 Rebecca Bourn No. 1 Rosedale, at Rosedale at Rosedale, 1.0 mi. S. E Probable Amount of Upper Kittanning Coal. [Thickness Lewis County | of Coal | Cubic Feet [ Short Tons By Districts. | Assumed. |Sq. Mi. I Acres. | of Coal. | of Coal. I Feet. | | | ;080 79475347400 '! 317781^76 Skin Creek ..... Collins Settle- ment ...... 9.50 I 24.73| 15,827 1 2,068,272,360| 82,730,894 Totals ! 34 . 23| 21,907 | 2,862,806,760| 114,512,270 THE LOWER KITTANNING COAL. The Lower Kittanning Coal, described briefly in Chap- ter VIII, crops only in Collins Settlement District, Lewis, where it has been mined extensively for local domestic fuel. 580 COAL. It is a good thick coal in most of this region, varying from 4 to 12 feet, but usually has several slate partings that reduce its value greatly. The analyses available show that the coal is somewhat high in ash, but very low in sulphur, averaging less than one per cent., and also low in phosphorus, making it suitable for metallurgical coke or gas manufacture. Care- ful mining methods must be used to separate the slates but the thickness of the seam would permit most of this refuse to be thrown aside without removing it from the mine. Its out- crop is shown on Map II and the probable minable area on Figure 11. Lower Kittanning Coal, Collins Settlement District, Lewsi, The most northern exposure of the coal is at the follow- ing opening where it is just above drainage ^ W. B. Mick Farm Mine— No. 256 on Map II. On a branch of Glady Creek, 2.2 miles northeast of Duffy; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, east and west; elevation, 1260' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive 2. Slate, dark 2 0 3. Slate, hard, black, cannel 2 0 4. Coal 0' 5Y2" 5. Slate, bony 0 2 6. Coal, somewhat bony 1 6 7. Slate, black 0 0% 8. Coal, good (to slate pave- ment) 1 9 3 11 A sample was collected from Nos. 4, 6 and 8 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 256 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Frank Crawford Farm Mine (No. 257 on Map II), on Glady Creek, 0.9 mile north of Bablin, shows the coal 3' 11" thick, the basal portion being concealed, and the elevation being 1255' B., as shown by the section for Bablin, on page 72. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 5*1 582 COAL. Daniel McCord Farm Mine — No. 258 on Map II. On Glady Creek, 0.7 mile north of Bablin; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1285' B. Ft. In. 1. Sandstone, massive 2. Coal 1' 6" 3. Slate, black 0 4 4. Coal 2 2 5. Bone 0 2 6. Coal 0 7 7: Shale, hard, bony 1 8 8. Coal, visible, to water 2 0 8 5 A sample was collected from Nos. 2, 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 258 in the table of coal analyses at the end of th'e Chapter. W. P. Forinash Prospect — No. 259 on Map II. On Fallen Timber Run, 0.8 mile northeast of Bablin; Lower Kit- tanning Coal; elevation, 1350' B. Ft. In. Coal, rotten 1' 6" Slate, dark 0 7 Coal 4 2 Slate, black 0 5 Coal, visible 1 3 7 11 The above prospect was newly made and probably was not yet driven to the full thickness of the coal. Charles Forinash Farm Mine — No. 260 on Map II. On Fallen Timber Run, 1 mile northeast of Bablin; Lower Kittan- ning Coal; butts, east and west; elevation, I860' B. Ft. In. 1. Shale 2. Coal 1' 0" 3. Slate, black 0 3 4. Coal ..2 0 5. Slate, black 0 1 6. Coal 0 6 7. Slate, black 2 0 8. Coal, hard 3 0 9. Slate, black 0 1 10. Coal (to slate pavement)...! 0 9 11 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 583 A sample was collected from Nos. 4, 6, 8 and 10 of sec- tion, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 260 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Wilson McKissic Farm Mine — No. 262 on Map II. On Trace Fork, 0.9 mile south of Ingo; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1490' B. Ft. In. 1. Coal, visible 1' 0 " 2. Sandstone 0 8 3. Coal 0 6 4. Slate, black 0 8 5. Coal, bony 1 6 6. Coal 0 6 7. Bone 0 2 8. Coal 2 0 9. Slate, black 0 0^ 10. Coal, soft 0 7% 11. Coal, hard (to slate pave- ment) . ...20 9 8 A sample was collected from Nos. 6, 8, 10 and 11 of sec- tion, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 262 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Thomas Kincaid Farm Mine — No. 263 on Map II. On Little Wildcat Run, 0.5 mile southwest of Bablin; Lower Kit- tanning Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1245' B. Ft. In. Slate, black 10 0 Sandstone 3 0 Slate, black 2 0 Coal 0' 9" Slate, black 0 5 Coal 1 11 Coal, bony 0 8 Shale, hard, sandy 2 0 Coal 0 9 Slate, black 0 4 Coal 1 10 Slate, dark 2 3 Coal, visible 1 6 12 5 Only the upper portion of the seam was being mined. The coal has been mined by stripping at Prospect No. 264 on Map II, on Little Wildcat Run, 0.9 mile southwest of 584 COAL. Bablin, at an elevation of 1245' B., but the thickness was not obtained. Ed. Bodkin Farm Mine — No. 265 on Map II. On Pretty Creek, 0.8 mile northwest of Wildcat; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1200' B. Ft. In. Shale, sandy Coal 1' 10 " Shale, sandy 2 10 Coal 0 11% Slate, black 0 0% Coal • 1 11 Slate, dark 0 1 Coal (to slate pavement) 0 6 8 2 The above mine is located in Braxton County, about 24 mile from the Lewis Line. Ursula Lake Farm Mine — No. 266 on Map II. On Hacker Camp, 0.8 mile southeast of Bablin; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1365' L. Ft. In. 10 A sample was collected from Nos. 6 and 8 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 266 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal was once opened at the J. W. Lake Farm Mine (No. 267 on Map II), on Hacker Camp, 1.8 miles northwest of Cleveland, at an elevation of 1500' B., but the place had fallen shut. 2 Coal . 3" 3" 3. Sandstone, hard 4. Coal ... . . 0 6 0 10 5. Slate black soft 1 2 6 Coal 2 10 7. Slate, black, soft 8. Coal (to pavement) 1 0 1 2 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 585 G. W. Powers Farm Mine — No. 268 on Map II. On the head of Hacker Camp, 1.7 miles northwest of Cleveland; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1565' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, shaly 2 0 Slate, bony 1 1 Coal 0' 9" Slate 0 1 Coal 2 10 Slate, black 0 7 Coal, thickness concealed 4 3 David H. Forinash Farm Mine — No. 269 on Map II. On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1.0 mile southeast of Wild- cat; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, east and west; elevation, 1410' B. Ft. In. Coal, concealed, reported 2' 0" Slate, dark 4 0 Coal 2 8 Slate, dark, hard 0 7 Coal, to pavement 1 3 10 6 Along the Right Fork of the Little Kanawha, for several miles above Wildcat, openings were found on the Webster County side, three of which are published, as follows : J. A. McCartney Farm Mine — No. 270 on Map II. On Little Kanawha River, in Hacker Valley District, Webster; 0.8 mile west of Bois; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1440' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, great cliff, Lower Division of Lower Freeport Concealed along bench 40 0 Slate, black, with plant fossils 2 0 Coal 2 0 Shale, visible 1 0 Mr. McCartney reports that when he was attempting to open another prospect in the same coal at a point one-eighth mile west of this location, he found a small sample of lead ore. A careful examination made by Dr. Price and the writer at the prospect in question showed that the hillside at this point was covered with such a large amount of dirt and debris, that 586 COAL. the prospect did not reach the coal, and exposed only a little black slate, along with a considerable amount of other refuse. It was in this refuse, according to Mr. McCartney, that the sample of lead was found. The sample of lead ore which the writer secured was about 24" square, with the crystallization, color and general appearance of Galena ore, and when an- alyzed by Mr. Krak, proved to contain 83.88 per cent, of me- tallic lead. The presence of small nuggets of lead ore in the mountainous regions of West Virginia is not unknown but such deposits are always in very limited quantity, usually in connection with limestone and entirely too insignificant for commercial exploitation. The nugget reported above was most probably transported by some agency, human or other- wise, to the location in question. W. H. Boggs Farm Mine— No. 271 on Map II. On Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, in Hacker Valley District, Webster; 0.4 mile southwest of Bois; Lower Kittanning Coal; eleva- tion, 1505' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, great pebbly cliff, Lower Freeport Concealed 45 0 Coal, visible 1' 6" Slate, dark, hard 2 0 Coal 0 8 Slate, black 1 6 Coal (to pavement) 2 8 . . 8 4 James Baker Farm Mine — No. 272 on Map II. On Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, in Hacker Valley District, Webster; 0.6 mile southeast of Bois; Lower Kittanning Coal; eleva- tion, 1580' B. Slate, black 1 Q Coal 2' 6" Slate, black, bony 1 10 Coal 0 9 Slate, black 0 1 Coal 0 5 Slate, black, bony 0 3 Coal (to pavement) 1 6 .. 7 4 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 587 G. G. Butcher Farm Mine — No. 273 on Map II. On Andys Run, 1 mile northeast of Bois; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1490' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive Slate, black 0 10 Coal 1' 1" Slate, black 0 2 Coal 2 9 4 0 Shale, gray 1 6 Sandstone, massive, visible 5 0 H. F. Riffle Farm Mine — No. 274 on Map II. On the head of Andys Run, 1.5 miles northeast of Bois; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1540' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, hard 5 0 Slate, black 1 0 Coal 0' 7" Slate, black 0 2 Coal 1 8 Slate, black 0 2 Coal (to pavement) 2 2 4 9 B. C. Powers Farm Mine— No. 275 on Map II. On Flat Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Cleveland; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1640' B. • Ft. In. 1. Concealed 2. Coal 1' 2" 3. Sandstone 1 10 4. Coal 0 2 5. Slate, black 0 10 6. Coal 1 0 7. Slate, black 0 1 8. Coal 2 9 9. Slate, black, soft 0 10 10. Coal, visible 2 0 11. Coal, concealed by water, re- ported 1 0 11 8 A sample was collected from No. 8 of section, the com- position of which is given under Mine No. 275 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Plate XXII gives a view of this opening. 588 COAL. The Nimrod Lake Farm Mine (No. 276 on Map II), on Flat Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Cleveland, the detailed mea- surement of which is published in the section for Cleveland, page 75, showed 8' 4" with partings, its elevation being 1665' B. Frank Life Farm Mine— No. 277 on Map II. On a branch of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, In Hacker Valley District, Webster; 1.3 miles south of Cleveland; Lower Kittan- ning Coal; elevation, 1835' B. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, visible 8 0 Coal 2' 0" Slate, black 0 4 Coal (to pavement) 1 3 3 7 James A. Rexroad Farm Mine — No. 278 on Map II. On Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile north of Ingo; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1335' B. Ft. In. 2 Coal 1' 0" 3. Shale, dark 4. Coal ...0 10 . . .3 2 5. Sandstone shaly 0 9 6. Coal 1 i 7. Slate, bony . 0 1 8. Coal 3 1 9. Coal, bony. 0 6 10. Slate, daik 11. -Coal, bony, visible ...0 7 ...3 6 :.... 14 A sample was collected from No. 8 of section, the com- position of which is given under Mine No. 278 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal at this opening, with its streaks of bony coal, has a strong resem- blance to the No. 5 Block Coal of the Great Kanawha Valley, with which it has been provisionally correlated by Dr. White in Volume II (A), of the Survey. The bony portions may easily represent the streaks of splint coal found at the type locality of the No. 5 Block, as the physical appearance of bone coal and splint is much the same. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 589 Quantity of Lower Kittanning Coal Available. The following list of oil and gas wells, recording Lower Kittanning Coal in those regions where its horizon lies under drainage, shows that in nearly all this area the coal is not persistent enough to be classed as a minable seam, the only exception being along the Upshur Line in Skin Creek and Collins Settlement Districts, where several of the wells record it. The other table gives the probable amount of this coal in the region where it may possibly be mined at some future date : List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Lower Kittanning Coal. No. on | Name of Well. Map.| | Elev. |ofwell Location. [mouth ! A. T. Depth Feet. 814 751 720 626 775 814 405 665 830 775 555 490 447 477 790 672 Thick- ness. Feet. 5 6 64 73 75 91 105 155 | 626 533 550 554 556 559 769 796 Lewis County: W F Post No 1 Johnstown, 2.5 mi. S W 1365B 1280B 1020B 1005B 1220L 1365B 1030B 1138L 1055B 1075B 1060B 1365B 1380B 1365B 785L 840B 4 5 15 6 3 4 3 10 3 5 12 2 8 6 10 3 W F Post No 2 Johnstown, 2.6 mi. S W Edwin Maxwell No. 3 Edwin Maxwell No. 1 Wm. Donlan No. 2077 S. J. Waggoner No. 1 W. W. Wlmer No. 369 Thomas Lovett. No. 1 Louis Bennett No. 1 Weston Electric Co. No. 1. Perry Summers No. 1 John Smith No. 1 Weston, 1.2 mi. S. E Weston, 0. 8 mi. E. Weston, 0.7 mi. N. E Jane Lew, 0.3 mi. S . Li^htburn, 0.3 mi. N. E Camden, 1.2 mi. N. E Brownsville, 1.0 mi N Weston, 0.3 mi. S. Homer, 2.3 mi. S. E Atlas, 2.5 mi. S. W. Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. E . Louvina Linger No. 1 James Duncan No 1 Abbott, 1.4 mi. N. W Gilmer County: J. O. McCoy No 1 Bennett, 0.5 mi. S E. . Pauline E. Snodgrass No. 2 Rosedale, 0.3 mi. S. E 590 COAL. Probable Amount of Lower Kittanning Coal. Lewis County I i mckness | i of Coal i I Cubic Feet j Short Tons by Districts. | Assumed. isq.Mi.) Acres. | of Coal. | of Coal. | Feet. |- • | Skin Creek Collins Settlement Totals 3 5 15.00 28.23 9,600 18,067 1,254,528,000 3,934,993,600 50,181,120 157,399,744 43.23 27,667 5,189,521,600 207,580,864 MINABLE COALS OF THE POTTSVILLE SERIES. THE MERCER COAL. The Mercer (Stockton) Coal horizon is exposed in the extreme southern end of Lewis but apparently has little value, owing to its variable and slaty nature. Only a few openings showed a probable minable thickness. Prospect No. 283 on Map II, on Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.9 mile north of Ingo, where 2' 4" of coal was exposed, as described under the description of the Pottsville Series in Chapter IX, being one of these. The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 279 on Map II, on Little Wildcat Run, 1 mile southwest of Bablin, at an elevation of 1135' B., where it was locally called the "Eleven- Foot Vein". A. B. Pickens Prospect— No. 280 on Map II. At the mouth of Hacker Camp, 1.1 miles south of Bablin; Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 1185' B. Ft. In. Sandstone Slate, black 1 2 Coal 0' 3" Slate, black 0 8 Coal (to pavement) 2 4 3 3 The Mercer was once opened at Prospect No. 281 on Map II, on the Right Fork of the Little Kanawha River, 0.3 mile northwest of Cleveland, as shown in the section for Cleveland, page 75, but the place had fallen shut and only a little coal was visible on the dump. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 591 The following opening was observed in the edge of Webster, coming 205 feet below Mine No. 277 in the Lower Kittanning, but if the rise of the rocks between the two open- ings be allowed for, it would reduce this interval to about 100 feet: Brooks Powers Farm Mine — No. 282 on Map II. On a branch of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, in Hacker Valley District, Webster; 0.6 mile south of Cleveland; Mercer (Stock- ton) Coal; elevation, 1630' B. Ft. In. Shale, gray Coal 0' 9 " Slate, black, bony 0 6 Coal 1 3% Slate, black, soft 0 OV2 Coal (to pavement) 1 7 4 2 The following table gives a list of oil and gas wells recording Mercer Coal, in those regions where its horizon lies under drainage. It is apparently too uncertain to be classified as a commercial seam in any part of the area, but diamond drilling might reveal some small areas where it would be of value at some future date: List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Mercer Coal. NO. on Map. Name of Well. Location. Elev. ofwell mouth! A. T. Depth Feet. Thick- ness. Feet. 64 115 126 153 213 320 394 Lewis County: Edwin Maxwell No. 3 A. C. Barb, No. 380 E S. Butcher No. 1 Weston, 1.2 mi. S. E Lightburn, 0.5 mi. N Jackson Mill, 1.0 mi S W 1020B 1005B 1010B 1285B 935B 1010B 1030B 810 562 555 970 48 1001 1085 3 5 6 4 6 3 Stark A. White No. 2 John Leyden No 1 .... Camden, 1.1 mi. N. 10° W Dry Fork, 2.3 mi. N E Joseph Fallon No 1 Churchville, 1.7 mi. S. 60° W Edmiston, 1.5 mi. N. W Luke White No. 812 592 COAL. No. on Map. Name of Well. Location. Elev. of well mouth A. T. Depth Feet. Thick- ness. Feet. 434 449 454 492 677 689 715 776 791 797 802 Henrj Pumphrey No. 1999. John Devaney No. 1902 Aspinwall, 0.9 mi. N. W Gillooly, 0.9 mi. S. Edmiston, 1.4 mi. S. E Weston, 2.8 mi.W. Nobe, 1.8 mi. N. E '. . 825B 870B 950B 1135B 920 910 930 843' 1390 673 1238 765 725 597 980 '10 11 6 3 2 14 3 5 3 3 4 O. B. Wheeler No. 1904 Gilmer County: O. W. O. Hardman No. 5.. Milton Norris No. 1 Win E Lively No. 7 Glenville, at Donlan, 1.0 mi. S. W 895B N 745B 787L 795B 1060B Elliott Stump No 1 Stumptown, 0.6 mi. S E E. E. Cottrell No. 1 Rebecca Bourn No. 1 W G Bennett No 8 Rosedale, at Rosedale, 1.0 mi. S E. Rosedale, 2.4 mi. S. W SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE COAL. For convenience of reference, all the mines and prospects in the 8 commercial seams described in this Chapter have been given serial numbers, which are printed in blue on Map II, along with the mine symbols. The following table gives a list of these numbers, as well as a summary of the total amount of coal that each seam is estimated to contain : Tabulated Summary of Available Coal. Coal Seams. Mines and Prospects Listed on Map II and Described in Chap- ter XI. Short Tons (2,000 Lbs.) of Coal. Lewis County. |Gilmer County. Washington Redstone Pittsburgh Elk Lick Bakerstown Upper Freeport.. Upper Kittanning Lower Kittanning Totals 1- 16, inclusive 43-125, inclusive 126-197, inclusive 204-220, inclusive 227-247, inclusive 20,072,448 677,896,750 865,501,655 285,032,384 500,171,950 105,268,839 114,512,270 207,580,864 26,763,264 '452,18V,648 '546,294',543 252-255, inclusive & 261 256-260, inclusive, and 262-278, inclusive 2,776,037,160 1,018,245,455 Totals for Both Counties 3,794,282,615 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 593 The above table represents the amount of coal believed to be available in the two counties. Mining has been conducted en such a small scale that the amount already recovered is a negligible quantity when compared to the total amount. Al- lowing for a recovery of 80 per cent., the total coal that may eventually be mined is, in round numbers, 3,020,000,000 short tons. MINABLE COALS BY MAGISTERIAL DISTRICTS. The minable coals of the two counties have been described by magisterial districts on previous pages of this Chapter. In the Index, at the end of this Report, under the heading "Mina- ble Coals by Magisterial Districts," will be found a list of page references making this information readily available without further discussion. TABLE OF COAL ANALYSES. The following table, containing the chemical analysis, calorific determination, and fuel ratio of 58 mines and pros- pects, is the exclusive work of members of the Survey Staff. All samples were taken by members of the force in the field. Those from the commercial mines were taken according to the strict method outlined by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, being quartered and sealed in tins in the mines. The samples from the country mines were collected in sacks with as much care as could be used when depending on a scanty saddle-bag equip- ment. The chemical work was mostly done by J. B. Krak, Assis- tant Chemist, under the direction and with the assistance of B. H. Kite, Chief Chemist. The numbers in the left-hand margin correspond to the numbers given with the mine sec- tions in the text and with the mine symbols on Map II. All samples were cut from the mining section of the seam : oOooooo°oooOo>'oooc,Oo oooXootrioc-' su^oou HdBJ^UO >««?2>P?'?.;o O OS O ( c ££££'£( 596 COAL. Page References to Detailed Descriptions and Sections of Coal Mines Listed in Preceding Table. No. on Map II. Sample Number. Name of Owner. Page 07-0 116 AQR 118 44R 118 43 D. & H. Rpt, page 572 Kroger Gas Coal Co 46 515 3 OR S S 'Goodwin . ... 516 31R G R Swisher 518 70 , 34R Nathaniel Bush 521 7r 25R 522 10 38R 524 542 07 27R W G Bennett . 527 Q4. 64R Bartlett Shay 526 97 66R T J Lough 527 100 40R Bland Brannon 528 112 68R W L Clark 530 122 79R John Smith . 532 123 62R M lE Whalen 532 124 61R A B Cosner 533 128 32R Fernando Waggoner 536 145 36R 541 142 Vol. II, p. 206 8 James Rooney (No 82) 540 153 39R J C Farnsworth 544 156 42R Robert Carson 546 157 41R Wade Ratliff 546 159 54R J W. Wolf 547 162 53R Charles Hayes 547 165 52R Summers Bros 548 169 Vol. II, p. 206 8 W J Clovis (No 83) 549 170 51R J R Lynch 549 173 55R L L D Peters 550 174 175 Vol. II, p. 206, 8 56R Isaac Wiant ("Ellis Mine") (No. 84) N. E. Wiant 550 550 178 98R McCaa Coal Co 551 179 100R Gilmer F*uel Co .... 552 180 181 182 101R 102R 57R Gilmer Cons. Coal Co. (Katherine) . Gilmer Cons. Coal Co. (Brackett) . . S L Fincham 552 552 553 186 47R Rex Snyder 554 188 46R J. W Burk 555 192 48R Eli Shock 555 195 49R Louis Bennett ... 556 196 50R Louis Bennett 556 205 69R Alfred Linger 560 213 71R Elizabeth Hefner 561 214 74R Robert McCray . . . 562 218 75R R. H Hornor & Son 563 220 94R Clyde Reger. . 564 236 I 77R George Post 569 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 597 No. on Map II. Sample Number. Name of Owner. Page 242 78R H L McQuain 570 244 80R L E Mick 570 254 | 83R W P Kincaid 576 256 SIR W B Mick 580 258 85R Dan McCord 582 260 86R Charles Forinash 582 262 89R Wilson McKissic . 583 266 91R Ursula Lake 584 275 278 90R 88R B. C. Powers J. A. Rexroad 587 588 CHAPTER XII. CLAY, ROAD MATERIAL, BUILDING STONE, WATER POWER, MINERAL WATERS, FORESTS AND CARBON BLACK. CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. PRESENT DEVELOPMENT. Brick and Tile Plants. Jane Lew Brick and Drain Tile Works. — The Jane Lew Brick and Drain Tile Works, located at the south edge of Jane Lew, Lewis County, was established more than 20 years ago at the old mill site near the town, but was moved to its present location in 1911, according to Fred Flesher, owner and man- ager, and manufactures common red building brick, drain tile and hollow building tile, having in 1913 an output of 1,000,000 brick and about 70,000 lineal feet of drain tile, and employing 5 men, the monthly pay roll being $150 to $200. The brick equipment includes a pug mill, automatic cutter and a brick machine. There are eight tunnel driers with a total capacity of 14,000, where the brick remain for two days, and are then placed in circular, down-draft Snowden Kilns, two in number, where the burning requires 7 to 8 days, nat- ural gas being used for fuel. The tube plant contains a cutter and dies for sizing. The clay pit, which is located alongside the factory, is about 200 feet long and 14 feet deep, the material apparently consisting of river clay of Pleistocene age, overlain by a more recent deposit of red clay eroded from the red shales of the WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 599 Conemaugh Series in the hill above it, which give it their char- acteristic color. The lower clay is principally used for making tile, but is mixed half and half with the red clay for brick. A sample collected from the river clay at the base of the pit shows the following analysis, according to Krak : Per cent. Silica (SiO2) 65.49 Ferric Iron (Fe,O3) 5 . 81 Alumina ( A1,O3) 16 . 42 Lime (CaO) 0.63 Magnesia (MgO) 0.46 Potassium Oxide (K2O) 2 . 46 Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 0 . 49 Titanium Oxide (TiO2) 0. 42 Phosphoric Acid (PoO5) 0 . 15 Moisture 2.21 Loss on ignition 5.55 Total 100 . 09 Mr. Flesher has recently opened a test pit in the Pitts- burgh Red Shale, in the hillside south of the plant, a section of which, along with an analysis of the shale, is published under its stratigraphic discussion, page 153. A sample of this shale was shipped to Morgantown, where a mechanical test was made of it by Mr. R. R. Feller, acting under the su- pervision of Hon. A. D. Williams, State Road Engineer, who has kindly furnished it to the Survey, as follows : No. 78 Received, Feb. 19, 1915. Name, Pittsburgh Red Shale. Date Sample Mixecl, March 26, 1915. Sample not pressed (dried too quick). Put in Kiln, April 9, 1915. Position in Kiln, Top of edge of layer. Time of Burning, 10 days. Temperature, 2400° Fahr. Re- moved from Kiln, May 17, 1915. Kind of Brick, Soft Mud. Color and General Appearance, Red and Hard. Dimensions of Brick, 2%x3%x7^ inches. Transverse Test Crushing Test Break- Modulus Area Breaking Load No. Dimen- How ing of of Lbs. per sions Set Load Rupture Section Total sq. inch 12345 6 7 8 1 2%x3% Edge 8790 ] 3%x7% 323010 11879 2 2%x3% Edge 5870 (- 1853 3%x7% 300950 3 2%x3% Edge 5840 J , 3%x7% 249170 9015 4 2%xS% Edge 4800 { 1535 3%x?y2 256790 9132 5 2%x3% Edge 6510 J 3%x7% 252950 8996 6OO CLAY, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. Rattler Test. No. of Weights. Per cent. Brick. Initial. Final. Lost. 9 10 11 12 10 60.02 42.78 28.72 1 Brick broke in test. 10 59.84 43.54 27.24 1 Brick broke in test. Average 27.98 Absorption. Wet, Test begun May 18th, 1915. Per cent. Dry, Ibs. Ibs. Gain, Ibs. Completed, May 21st, 1915. 4.11 30.36 31.50 1.14 Made on 5 unrattled brick. 4.04 43.54 45.30 1.76 Made on 10 rattled brick. Average weight of one dry brick=-5.99 Ibs. The shale as tested above is a little too low in the Modulus of Rupture and Rattler tests to conform to the specifications for highway brick recommended by the State Road Engineer, but this may be partly due to improper burning of the brick as they were fired at the plant of a firm that is making com- mon building brick, and under proper conditions, this defect might be remedied. The brick burn to a rich red color that would be fine for residence purposes. The following addi- tional test for shrinkage and porosity, made of the same shale by the U. S. Bureau of Standards at Washington, D. C, was furnished by Mr. Williams, as follows : "DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE "Bureau of Standards. "Washington, June 30, 1915. "Mr. A. D. Williams, "W. Va. State Road Bureau, "Morgantown, W. Va. "Dear Sir: — "We beg leave to report upon the sample of shale which vou sub- mitted some time ago for test. This material developed good working plasticity and can be pressed easily in a stiff mud machine. No drying difficulties were encountered. The water of plasticity was found to be 18.4 per cent, and the linear drying shrinkage 3.6 per cent. Specimens were made and fired at a number of temperatures and the porosity, color and burning shrinkage determined. These results are compiled in the following table: Per cent. Per cent. Temp. °C. Porosity. Color. Burning Shrinkage 1050 15.2 Red- Vitrified 6.18 1075 8.53 do 1100 6.77 do 1125 6.07 do 1150 5.59 do 7.82 1175 4.76 Dark-Vitrified 1200 6.50 do 1225 11.20 do overburned 1240 13.80 do do 3.29 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 6OT "From these results it appears that this shale burns to its best condition at about 1175° C. Above this temperature overburned struc- ture is developed. It would seem that this clay is suitable for the manufacture of vitrified brick, and is promising as far as the produc- tion of paving blocks is concerned. "Very truly yours, (Signed) "P. H. BATES, For the Director." Weston Brick Works.— The Weston Brick Works, located on the West Fork River, opposite the mouth of Murphy Creek, 1 mile south of Weston, and built in 1900, makes common building brick and paving brick, according to Dr. Geo. I. Keener, President, the output being about 15,000 daily, and capacity 25,000. The equipment includes a Frieze combined brick machine and pug mill, an American dry pan, 5 tunnel driers of 6,000 capacity, each, and 3 rectangular up-draft kilns of 180,000 capacity each. The brick remain in the driers 24 hours and in the kilns from 17 to 18 days. The clay is obtained from a pit alongside the plant, and consists of a stratum of river clay 5 to 8 feet thick, underlain by the Redstone Limestone and Weston Shale, the latter for- mation being 10 feet thick, as appears in a section published under its description, page 128, where an analysis of it is also given. The river clay and the Weston Shale are mixed half and half to make building brick. A valuable description of this plant by Dr. G. P. Grimsley was published in Volume III, page 273, of the Survey, the portion of which referring to the clay is herein repeated, as follows, it being evident that the pit is much deeper now than at the time of Dr. Grimsley's visit: "Clay Pit. — The river clay is obtained in pits back of the plant and hauled in dump carts. The bottom of the pit is about twenty feet above the river, and the section shows two and one-half feet of red clay with six feet of yellow or buff sandy clay above covered with one foot of soil. "In making the brick the yellow and red clays are mixed in equal proportion and some surface soil added. The mixture burns to a brownish red color and makes a good common building brick. These clays are found in nearly all the valleys of this section and under the town of Weston. Silica Alumina nical Analyses Yellow Clay. 75.01 Red Clay. 69.67 12 15 15 45 ... 3 65 3 61 0 23 0 50 ium . . 0.68 0.92 6O2 CLAY, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. Lime ., 1-45 0.14 Sodium 0.15 0.36 Potassium 1.39 1.40 Water 1-45 2.00 Titanium 0.55 0.95 Phosphorus trace trace 100.61 99.53 "The yellow clay by rational analysis shows: Per cent. Free silica 57.20 Feldspar 6 . 00 Clay substance 36.80 "Mechanical Analyses. Range in millimetres. Yellow clay. Red clay. Fine clay 0.00 to .001 15.85 20.75 Coarse clay 001 to .005 11.00 12.10 Silt .005 to .020 23.80 28.25 Fine sand 020 to .15 28.10 32.70 Coarse sand 15 to 4.00 19.80 4.20 (to 1.00) Water 1.25 2.00 "The yellow clay slakes in thirty seconds and requires 23 per cent, of water to develop a normal molding consistency. It is unaffected at cone 1 (2102° F.) and is vitrified at cone 5 (2246° F.) becoming viscous at cone 14 (2570° F.). Its fire shrinkage is 9 per cent. "The red clay is unaffected at cone 05 (1922° F.), reaches incipient vitrification at cone 1 (2102° F.), and complete vitrification at cone 5 (2246° F.), with a fire shrinkage of 10 per cent. It is viscous at cone 10 (2426° F.)" Samples of both materials from this clay pit were sent by Dr. Keener to State Road Engineer A. D. Williams, who has had mechanical tests made of them, which he reports as fol- lows: Red Shale. "No. 102. Received June 16, 1915. Name, Weston Brick Works. Date sample mixed, Aug. 15, 1915. Pressed, Aug. 29th. Put in kiln, Sept. 25th. Position in kiln, top. Time of burning, 288 hours. Tem- perature about 2200° F. Removed from kiln, Oct. 14th. Kind of brick, Testing Specimens. Colors and general appearance-, red. Di- mensions of brick 2"x3%"xiy2". Transverse Test. Crushing Test. Distance Between Supports 7". Break- Modulus Area Breaking Load. No. Dimen- How ing of of Lbs. per sions. Set Load Rupture Section Total sq. inch 1 2.3x3.6x7.5 Edge 5840 Shear 33/4x71/2 344850 12261 2 1.9x3.6x7.5 Edge 5390 Shear WzX-lVz 340600 12594 3 1.9x3.5x7.? Edge 9790 Shear 3%x7% 315370 12014 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 603 Rattler Test. No. of Weights, Ibs. Brick Initial. Final. Per cent. Lost 12 64.18 39.86 62.1 Absorption. Wet. Per cent. Dry, Ibs. Ibs. Gain, Ibs. 0.2 18.98 19.02 0.4 Brick were burned at too high temperature causing them to fuse and stick together. Had to be broken apart. Rattler test probably high on account of sharp corners." Gray Shale. "No. 101. Received June 16, 1915. Name, Weston Brick Works. Date sample mixed, Aug. 14, 1915. Pressed, Aug. 28th. Put in kiln, Sept. 25th. Position in kiln, top. Time of burning, 288 hours. Tem- perature, about 2200° F. Removed from kiln, Oct. 14th. Kind of brick, Testing Specimens. Color and general appearance, red and white. Di- mensions of brick, 21/&"x4"x8". Transverse Test. Crushing Test. Distance Between Supports 7" Break- Modulus Area Breaking Load. No. Dimen- How ing of of Lbs. per sions. Set Load Rupture Section Total sq.inch 1 2.6x3.9x7.9 Edge 4365 1158 3.9x7.9 112980 3667 2 2.4x3.9x7.9 Edge 2650 742 3.9x7.9 109100 3540 3 2.4x3.9x7.9 Edge 1345 379 3.9x7.9 158130 5132 Rattler Test. No. of Weights, Ibs. Brick Initial. Final. Per cent. Lost 12 69.56 0.34 99 Absorption. Wet, Per cent Dry, Ibs. Ibs. Gain, Ibs. 6.4 29.46 31.37 1.91 The tests of shrinkage and porosity as made by the U. S. Bureau of Standards were furnished Mr. Williams as follows : "DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE "Bureau of Standards "Washington, September 25, 1915. "West Virginia State Road Bureau, "Morgantown, W. Va. "Gentlemen : — "A report of the tests on the two samples of shale, marked Nos. 101 and 102, submitted by you to this laboratory, is as follows: "Sample No. 102 (Red Shale). — The sample was ground, screened through a 10-mesh sieve and tempered to stiff mud consistency by wedg- ing on a marble slab. Briquettes 2%"xl1/4"x%" were prepared by passing the plastic clay through a piston plunger machine, having a rectangular die. The briquettes were dried first at room temperatures and finally in an electrical drying oven at 110° C. The linear drying shrinkage was 3.5 per cent, and the water required to make it plastic 18.5 per cent. The shale has working plasticity favorable to manufac- ture by the stiff mud process. 604 CLAY. ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. "The dried briquettes were placed in a down draft test kiln and fired to 1225° C., trials being drawn at 25° intervals, the first at 950° C. The per cents, porosity of the fired briquettes was determined in the usual manner and are given in the following table: Temp0 C. Porosity. Color Hardness 950 28.4 Light red 975 12.3 do 1000 8.6 Dark red Vitrified 1025 7.5 Dark do 1050 6.3 do do 1075 6.1 do do 1100 6.4 do do 1125 6.4 do do 1150 5.8 do do 1175 7.1 do Overburned 1200 7.4 Chocolate do "The material has a very satisfactory vitrification range and may be easily burned in a commercial kiln. A good red color is developed by burning. The use of this shale as a paving material could be es- tablished only by abrasion tests on full sized blocks. The material would be satisfactory insofar as working and vitrification behavior are concerned. "Sample No. 101 (Blue Shale). — The sample was prepared, molded, dried and burned in the same manner as sample No. 102. The shale has a drying shrinkage of 3.9 per cent., the water of plasticity being 17.5 per cent. This sample is not as plastic as sample No. 102, al- though it may be worked by the stiff mud process. The per cents, poro- sity as determined are given in the following table: Temp' C. Porosity. Color Hardness 950 26.3 Buff and red Soft 975 24.2 do do 1000 22.5 do do 1025 19.7 do Hard 1050 19.6 do do 1075 17.3 do do 1100 15.9 Dark Steel hard 1125 14.1 do do 1150 11.2 do do 1175 10.4 do do 1200 15.4 do do 1225 20.8 do do "The vitrification behavior of this shale is not so satisfactory as that of sample No. 102, everburning taking place suddenly at 1200° C. The minimum porosity, 10.4 per cent., attained at 1175° C., is perhaps too high for a material designed to be used in the manufacture of paving brick. The burning color of this shale is very inferior to that of sample No. 102. "Very truly yours, (Signed) "P. H. BATES, For the Director." Whiting and West Brick Plant.— The Whiting and West Brick Plant, located at the mouth of Nutter Run on the south WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 605 side of the Little Kanawha River at Glenville, was designed to make building brick from river clay, but has not been oper- ated for several years. The equipment includes an Iron Quaker Brick Machine, run by horse power, having a capacity of 10,000 daily, according to A. N. West. Natural gas is used for fuel, $60 worth being required at 10 cents per thousand cubic feet to burn 150,000 brick. The river clay, where the plant is located, is 31 feet thick, the upper 17 feet being quar- ried and tempered with about 10 per cent, of sand from the bed of the river. The clay burns to a dull red color. AVAILABLE CLAY AND SHALE. Transported Clay. Along the flood plains of the West Fork and Little Ka- nawha Rivers, as well as on some of the smaller streams, are vast deposits of clay, varying in thickness from 5 to 30 feet, that are well suited for making common building brick, the demand for which increases with the ever increasing cost of lumber. No attempt is made to name these deposits in detail but Map II, showing the alluvial deposits in yellow, will be a guide to their occurrence. It should be remembered that plants operating in such abundant material must seek their advantage over competitors by securing the most favorable locations for distribution, fuel and cheapness of handling raw material. Residual Clay. Residual clay, which is derived from weathered rocks, and is still in its original location, is not of sufficient importance to be classed as a brick making material in the two coun- ties but such as there is of it should rather be classed as soil, more valuable for agricultural than for other purposes. Stratified Shales. Stratified shales, composed principally of silica and alum- ina, and lying between the sandstone ledges of the Carbonifer- ous rocks, compose a large percentage of the surface measures 606 CLAY, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. in both counties, and as nearly all of these shales are of ma- terial that can be made into brick of some sort it would be possible for each magisterial district to have its own plants for manufacturing its own building material both for residence and paving purposes. A plant of this sort, operated with con- vict labor, under the present state law, would reduce by about one-half the cost of brick for road making. For paving pur- poses the red shales of the Conemaugh Series, described in detail in Chapter VII, will be found best suited. The outcrop of this Series is shown on Map II, and the position of any shale horizon may be easily determined by referring to the general section at the beginning of the Chapter. The Clarks- burg and Pittsburgh Red Shales would probably make a good grade of roofing tile as well as good brick. Fire Clay. The surface rocks of Lewis and Gilmer, so far as observed, do not carry fire clay of commercial thickness and purity. No flint clay of any kind was found, and no plastic clay of any consequence. ROAD MATERIAL. River and Creek Gravel. Attention has been called in many previous Reports of the Survey to the fact that most of the rivers and creeks of the State contain an abundant supply of gravel, which, being the more resistant portions of the rocks from which they came, afford good material for improving roads that is often cheaper than any other that can be secured. The roads often follow the streams closely, making it possible to macadamize with gravel at much less cost than with stone quarried from the hills. Limestone. The only calcareous stratum of importance cropping in the two counties is the Redstone Limestone of the Monon- gahela Series, which is found usually only a few feet above WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 607 the Pittsburgh Coal and varies from 2 to 5 feet in thickness. It was observed generally in Hackers Creek, eastern Freemans Creek, and in portions of Courthouse and Skin Creek Districts, Lewis, but was seldom found in good development in Gilmer. This limestone, as described previously, has a hard, firm ap- pearance and would make good road material, either in the form of macadam or as concrete aggregate. Its position at any point may be found by reference to Map II, which shows the crop of the Redstone Coal above, and the Pittsburgh be- low it. A physical test of this limestone is published on a sub- sequent page. Brick. The use of brick, made from stratified clays and shales, for road material, has been tried with marked success in many of the more populous and progressive counties of the State. The great amount of material available in every district in the two counties, with cheap natural gas for fuel, and cheap con- vict labor, probably offers the most suitable means of improv- ing the roads, as this method would reduce to the lowest pos- sible minimum the amount of money spent for labor and ma- terial outside the district, and would lessen appreciably the ultimate burden on the taxpayer. BUILDING STONE. In Chapters V to VII, the sandstone quarries of the two counties have been described in detail under their respective geological horizons. The following table gives a list of such as have been quarried and previously described, with page references to their detailed accounts : Name of Sandstone. Location of Quarry. Page Waynesburg Gilboy Glenville, 1.3 mi. S Cedarville, north of 109 113 Weston 1 5 mi N W 121 Upper Sewickley — Weston .... Brownsville, 2.3 mi. N. W Weston S E of . . i . . . 121 125 Weston Vadis */8 mi west 125 Connellsville Weston 0 5 mi east 137 Connellsville 137 6o8 CLAY, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. Name of Sandstone. Location of Quarry. Page Connellsville Ulenville, N. W. of Glenville N W. of 138 138 Berlin 2 mi N W 140 Weston north of 141 Weston 141-2 Weston 3 mi W 142 Glenville 0 7 mi N. W. . . 142 Weston north of 14o Morgantown Deanville Weston 2 5 mi N 146 146 Morgantown Morgantown Weston, 1.0 mi. N Freemansburg, 1.3 mi. N. E.... 146 147 Vandalia, 1.5 mi. N. W. . . . 147 Graf ton Jane Lew, south of 149 Grafton Saltsburg Buffalo . . Emmart, 0.7 mi. S. W Jackson Mill, 0.5 mi. south Walkersville, 1.2 mi. south... 149 155 157 Available Stone. The sandstones of Lewis and Gilmer, as described in Chapters V to IX, inclusive, vary from flaggy and shaly beds that do not have the necessary cohesiveness to be used for building stone, to great massive ledges, 50 to 60 feet thick, that will split into building blocks of any desired size. These massive ledges are all of the same general type, micaceous, gray on fresh fracture and often weathering to brown, some of them being very soft and worthless while others are hard and durable. They do not have the beauty of texture or smoothness of grain to make them desirable for architectural purposes where ornamental or carved stone effects are needed but in all structures where durability and fireproof construc- tion is the main feature, they can not be surpassed by any stone shipped in from other counties or States. They are fitted for bridge piers and abutments, retaining walls, and for buildings of plain construction, such as the Weston State Hospital which is built entirely of stone quarried in Lewis and Harrison Counties. In nearly every locality, one of these ledges is of massive character and can be quarried. No at- tempt has been made to describe all these outcroppings in de- tail but Map II shows the geological series outcropping in each locality, and a general description of its sandstones will be found in the text. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 609 Physical Tests of Stone. The three following physical tests of stone, the first two of which were made and published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture1, and the third made by the State Road Bureau under the direction of State Road Engineer A. D. Williams, give valuable information regarding some Lewis County stones. The limestone from Camden is probably the Redstone as there is no other in that locality. The sandstones are pre- sumably from the Connellsville, Lower Connellsville or Mor- gantown horizons, but this definite information is lacking as the tests reported do not supply the geological names or the names of quarries: Physical Tests of Stone. 1 Locality : | j % 1 ® and Stone. Is §s ^ |g CC cc 02 if C a;

•g| 0) c c "S 3 5 fc 0 %, o cS bO o || P < HH h a c Weston Sandstone ..! 165 2.30 j 4.1 9.8 9.9 7 51 Camden | Limestone 168 1.40 * * | 16.7 15 32 Weston 1 Sandstone ... 165.3 1.55 1 * * 4.7 9 277 *Test not made. WATER POWER. Available Streams. No attempt has been made to utilize the streams of Lewis and Gilmer for hydro-electric power, although numerous water-wheel mills have been built along the creeks and some of these are still in operation. The only streams worthy of 'Goldbeck and Jackson; Public Roads Bulletin No. 44, Physical Testing of Rock for Road Building, page 89; 1912. 6lO CLAY, ROAD MATERIALS, ETC. attention for commercial power development are the West Fork River in Lewis and the Little Kanawha, flowing through both Lewis and Gilmer, along both of which plants might be constructed, although conditions are not ideal. No gaging records are available in either county along these streams, but it is certain that the run-off in winter and spring is large, while in the summer and fall it is correspondingly small, mak- ing it necessary to build enormous storage reservoirs to equr" ize the flow. An additional drawback is the fact that these streams run through thickly settled regions, where the bottom lands are of great agricultural productivity and there are many coal seams that would be difficult to mine if the valleys were flooded. An additional drawback would be the distance to convenient markets, without which such projects are un- successful, and the further fact that both counties have large quantities of cheap natural gas introduces a competing factor that is not found in most regions where hydro-electric dc- opment has proved successful. The most favorable location for such a plant would be in the neighborhood of Wildcat on the Little Kanawha River, where the run-off from both branches of the river could be secured, the flow being more constant here on account of the much larger percentage of forest area in this region, and the damage to abutting prop- erty would be the least, because the land is poor. The following table, showing indicated horse-power de- veloped by streams flowing through Lewis and Gilmer, is compiled from Tables 15, 17 and 18, pages 417, 424 and 425, of the Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia, by Dr. J. M. Callahan, the tables in question being part of a special article on "Water Power Resources" by A. H. Horton, District En- gineer, Water Resources Branch. U. S. Geological Survey: WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. asaoH juauido ranratxBK pauinssy o o c> o ocoai-«f co t-coco co in m "^ os o co -^ os o CO U3 CO rH CO 1-HCOrH •* O O O OO O O O CO O O t- t- O O rH IO CO ITS irt °^il"'09S os oc co o Tti oo CO O5 U5 l-H •}uauidoiaAaQ uininixEpi °° "^ ^ Jo S io as to co aoj aS.reqosi(l panmssy •M-'oas •^< • -5 TH T-H T»< U5 •ggj'gqg rH i-l i-l CO Tf l-H CO rH CO -sia mnuiiuijv I •saiiK aJBnbs in in oc in rH o OO 00 •* t> •B8JV 9^B o t- as i— oo rt< i-1 •* cS I-H co as CO CO OO O -UTBJQ UB9JM ctf ^ssu CO O rH i-H l-H O CO t- (M i-H tO CO CO U5 N O rH CO tO CO : : . : : : § ;| II '. '. '. £ 1 J|J! || g|II|i I£| 3 O O O 0 0 03 ^' p EC < p § § § § 0 0; liii . s ! I j ^ : :« ^H § £ e S ^ 1 ^ S 0 3 - 0 S 0 s s s 1 5 "3 tf § "3 3 "3 gr; CQ CO W OQ-W 111 1 • • M 05 3 : :S-S : pj « « tf J chilli ^ :.^ : o> Alum Bridge Section 60-1, 101 Alum Bridge, Section 2.5 Mi. N. E. 133-4 Alum Spring 612 American Carbon Co.. 186, 228, 231, 615 Ames Limestone, Lower 132, 150-1, 624. 626-7 Ames Limestone, Upper 132, 150-1. 624, 626-V Ames Shale 47. 55. 70, 132, 133, 134, 149, 150-1, 152, 153. 154 Analyses, Clay 599, 601-2 Analyses, Coal, Table of 593-5 Analvses. Limestone: Redstone 127 Analvses, Sandstone: Lower Connellsville 141 Analyses, Shale: Clarksburg Fire Clay 139 Clarksburg Red 144, 145 Pittsburgh Reds 153, 599 Weston 129 Page. Anglin, Isaac, No. 4009 Well (81).. 184-5, 235 Annabelle Shale 78, 80, 112, 114 Anticlines: Arches Fork 38 Chestnut Ridge 39 Orlando 40 Wolf Summit 38-9 Anticlines 38-40 Appendix — Railroad Levels 630 Arches Fork Anticline 38 Area, Gilmer County 14 Area, Lewis County 7 Areas, Prospective Oil & Gas, Gilmel County : Center District 497-8 Dekalb District 464 Glenville District 484 Troy District 451-2 Areas, Prospective Oil and Gas, Lewis County : Collins Settlement District 433 Courthouse District 405-6 Freemans Creek District 334-5 Hackers Creek District 250-1 Skin Creek District 421 Areas of Coal Beds (See Quantity) Areas of Drainage Basins 25-26 Areas Suitable for1 Reforestation... 613, 614 Armstrong, A., No. 196 Well (171) 188-9, 279 Arnold, George. No. 2766 Well (578) 202-3, 425-6 Arnold, George, No. 3225 Well (579) 202-3, 426 Arnold, Hiner & Day ton.. 184, 192, 209 Arnold, Jackson. No. 3198 Well (532) 200-1, 402 Arnold, Maud, No. 1 Well (577)... 202-3, 425 Arnold, N. T 505, 507, 509 Arnold, W. A., No. 6 Well (94) .... 186-7, 240-1 Arnold W. E. Heirs, No. 1 Core Test ' (523) 200-1, 505, 506 Arnold, Wilson. Quarry 155 Arnoldsburg Sandstone 50, 51, 52, 57, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 77, 82, 84, 87, 89, 95, 96, 112. 120 Ash Brothers 440, 485 Austin, Ernest P 507 Available Building S"tone 608 Available Clay and Shale 605-6 Available Coal, Summary 592 Available Streams 609-11 Ayers, A. B,, No. 3130 Well (667) 177, 436-7, 459 Ayers, W. H.( No. 1 Well (670) 177, 438-9. 460 Ayers, W. H. No. 2 Well (673) '. 438-9, 460 Ayers, W. H., No. 3 Well (669) .... 438-9, 460 Ayers, W. H., No. 4 Well (672) .... 438-9, 460 Ayers, W. H., No. 5 Well (671) .... 438-9, 460 632 B Page. Bablin Section ............... 71-3, 101 Bailey, Allen, Mine (187) ......... 554 Bailey, C. A., No. 1 Well (103) ---- .......................... 186-7, 246 Bailey, H., No. 1917 Well (168) ---- .......................... 188-9, 278 Bailey. J. B., No. 1 Core Test (177) ...... .......................... 505 Bailey, Jas. R., No. 49 Well (161) .......................... 188-9, 276 Bailey, L. O., No. 3506 Well (311) .......................... 192-3, 317 Bailey, Ora, No. 2956 Well (459A) .......................... 198-9, 374 Bailey, W. G., No. 1913 Well (169) ........................ 188-9, 278-9 Baker, James, Mine (272) ......... 586 Baker. O. P., No. 56 Well (334). 194-5 Bakerstown Coal ................... ........... 132, 155, 503, 565-73, 595 Bakerstown Coal.. (See Minable Coals) Baldwin Section ............... 84. 101 Ball, F. R., No. 2406 Well (735)... .............................. 438-9 BalUrd, F. M., No. 1592 Well (469) .......................... 198-9, 377 Baltimore & Ohio R. R ...... 3-4, 9, 630 Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Exposure (204) .......................... 558 Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Weston Shops ........................... 12 Banks District (Upshur) Well Rec- ords .................... 200-1, 202-3 Barb, Anna C, No. 380 Well (115) ............... 186-7, 255-6. 572, 591 Barnes, Thos., No. 2456 Well (525) ....................... 200-1, 399, 534 Barth-McKinley, No. 488 Well (120) .......................... 186-7. 259 Bartlett, Benjamin, Exposure ....... 128 Basin, Rosedale .................... 42 Basins, Drainage ................. 23-40 Basins, Drainage, Areas of ....... 25-6 Bates, P. H .................. 601, 604 Batton. Sarah, No. 1 Well (30).. 184-5 Beall Heirs No. 1 Well (426). 196-7, 359 Bealls Mills Section ............ 62, 101 Beckner, S. M., No. 3018 Well (662) .......................... 436-7, 457 Beeghley & Rinehart .......... 186, 256 Beeghley, J. M., No. 436 Well (111) .................... 186-7, 253-4, 572 Beeghley. Richard, No. 448 Well (108) ............. 186-7 249-50, 572 Beeghley, Wm., No. 1 Well (112) Beeghley, Wm.',' No.' '442 ' Wel'f Yl'lO) _ .................... 186-7, 252-3, 572 Bennett & Chapman. Mine (189) . . . 55!> Bennett & Garrett Stone Quarry ..... _ ................... 13, 14J, 146, 608 Bennett Bros. Post Factory ...... 13 Bennett. D. S"., Mine (217)..'. 563 Bennett, E. A., No. 2011 Well (538) _ .......................... 200-1. 404 Bennett, E. A,, No. 2071 Well (539) „ .......... .......... 200-1, 405. 534 Bennett, Eh Quarry ..... 146 Bennett, Ella, No. 1927 Well (189) _ ........................ 190-1. 284-5 Hennett, Louis ...... 200. 393, 400 401 Bennett, Louis, Mine (93) ...... 64, 520 Bennett, Louis, Mines (195 and 196) ^ ....................... 556. 595, 59fi Bennett, Louis, No. 1 Well (526) ............ 64-6, 200-1, 399. 579', '589 Page. Bennett, Louis, No. 1 Well (580)... 202-3, 426-7 Bennett, Louis, No. 1 Well (686)... 438-9, 465 Bennett, Louis, No. 1 Well (785) . . . .440-1, 490 Bennett, Louis, No. 3 Well (530) . . . 200-1, 401 Bennett, Louis No. 4 Well (529) 200-1, 400-1, 534 Bennett, Louis, No. 2616 Well (581) 202-3. 428 Bennett, Louis, No. 2671 Well (583) 202-3, 429 Bennett, Samuel, No. 1775 Well (644) 436-7, 452 Bennett, Sarah J., No. 2757 Well (134) 51, 52-3, 188-9, 264 Bennett Section 95-96, 101 Bennett, W. G., Mine (87) 524, 594, 596 Bennett, W. G., No. 1 Well (534). 200-1 Bennett, W. G., No. 1 Well (803).. 440-1. 496-7 r.ennett, W. G., No. 2 Well (799).. 440-1, 495 Bennett, W. G.,>No. 3 Well (798).. 440-1 Bennett, W. G., No. 4 Well (807).. 440-1 Bennett, W. G., No. 5 Well (806) . . 440-1, 497 Bennett, W. G., No. 6 Well (804) . . 440-1, 497 Bennett, W. G., No. 7 Well (801).. 440-1, 496 Bennett, W. G.. No. 8 Well (802).. 440-1, 496. 59S Bennett, W. G., No. 9 Well (800) . . 440-1 Bennett, W. G., No. 10 Well (805) . . 440-i Bennett, W. G., No. 2033 Well (537) 200-1, 404 Bennett, W. G., No. 2363 Well (80) 186-7, 234-5 Bennett, W. G., Ouarry 137 Bennington, James, No. 1 Well (360) 194-5 Benson Oil Pool 280 Berea Sand 36, 179-180 Berlin Section 48-9, 101 Berry Heirs No. 1 Well (787) 440-1, 492 Beverage. John, Mine (255) 75. 577 T?ig Dunkard Sand 159, 177 Big Injun Sand 179 Big Lime 36, 44, 101-2, 178-9 Birch District (Braxton) Well Rec- ords 440-1, 491-3 Birmingham Red Shale 132, 149, 151 Blair, George, Mine (234) 568 Board of Control, State 10, 17 Bode, T. M., No. 1 Well (269) 192-3, 306 Bodkin, Ed.. Mine (265) 584 Boggs, J. W., No. 1'Well (771) 440-1. 486 Boggs, W. H. Mine (271) 586 Bohan, John, No. 1937 Well (462) 198-9. 375 Bohen, Barney, No. 1 Well (370) 194-5, 339 Bohen', Barney, No. 3 Well (371) 194-5. 339-40. 534 Bohen, Barney, No. 5 Well (372) 194-5 INDEX. 633 Page. Bond, E. E., No. 7009 Well (725).. 438-9, 477-8, 572 Bond, Prof. S. 0 16 Bennett, Celia, No. 1 Well (53).... 184-5. 223 Borings, Coal Test, Gilmer Co 506-9 Borings, Coal Test, Lewis Co 504-6 Bourn, Rebecca, No. 1 Well (797).. 440-1, 494-5, 579. 592 Bowser & Jackson 436 Boyle, Elizabeth, No. 1 Well (252) 192-3, 303 Boylen, J. D., No. 1 Well (14).... 184-5, 211 Boylen. Joe, No. 1 Well (15) 184-5 Brackett Mine (181) 501. 552, 594, 596 Brady, S. D 540, 549, 550 Brannon, A. B., No. 4002 Well (535) 200-1, 403 Brannon, Bland, Mine (88) 525 Brannon, Bland, Mine (100) 528, 594, 596 Brannon, Edward, et al 186, 241 Brannon, Henry. No. 1 Well (477) ." 198-9 Brannon, John, No. 1 Well (454)... 198-9, 369-71 592 Brannon, P., No. 1 Well (613) 436-7, 443 Braxton Co. Coal Openings (Union- town) 119 Braxton Co. Well Records. .202-3, 440-1 Braxton Mine 501 Brennan. Michael, Heirs No. 1 Core Test (5171 505 Brick and Tile Plants 598-605 Brick for Road Material 607 Brick Tests 599-604 Britton. A. O., No. 1 Well (631)... 436-7, 449 Britton, A. S., No. 1 Well (637) . . 436-7, 449 Britton, A. S., No. 2 Well (638). 436-7 Brooks, A. B 612 Brown. Eugene 212 Brown, G. A., No. 1 Well (251) . . 192-3, 303 Brown Jesse, Heirs, No. 1261 Well (314).' 194-5, 319-20 Brown, M. O., No. 403 Well (100) 186-7, 243 Brown Oil & Gas Co 184, 212 Brownsville Section 64-6, 101 Bruffy, M. L.. Mine (116) 67, 531 Brush Creek Coal 71. 72. 73, 132, 158, 240, 244, 245, 255. 274, 354, 355 411. 413, 429. 473. 476. 482. 4S6. 496. 503 Brush Creek Limestone 132, 157-8 625. 626-7 Brush Creek Shale 71 132, 157-8 Bryan, Annie. Mine (63) 520 Buckhannon & Little Kanawha Turn- pike 5 Buckhannon District (Upshurl Well Records 200-1. 411-19 Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co... 200. 410, 411, 413, 414. 416, 418, 419 Buffalo Sandstone 71. 75. 80, 90, 99, 132, 133, 156-7, 158. 176 Building- Stone 607-9 Buil^njrs, Olenville Normal 17-18 Buildirxrs Weston State Hosnital . . . .11 Burk, J. W., Mine (188) . .555, 595, 596 Page. Burk, Samuel. No. 1 Well (766) . . . 440-1, 485 Burkhammer, David, Mine (86) 524, 594, 596 Burkhammer, David, Mine (150)... 542 Burning Springs Sand 177 Burnside, J. S'., No. 1909 Well (178) 188-9 Burnside, M. C., No. 1914 Well (165) 188-9, 277, 565 Burnsville Section 92-3, 101 Bush, C. B., No. 1 Well (618) 436-7. 445 Bush, F. T., No. 3091 Well (620).. 436-7, 445-6 Bush, James A., Mine (34) ". 118, 594, 596 Bush, J. C., No. 1 Well (625) 436-7, 447-8 Bush, J. C., No. 2 Well (626) 436-7, 448 Bush, J. C, No. 3123 Well (621)... 436-7, 446 Bush. Nathaniel, Mine (73) 51, 521, 594. 596 Bush, Nathaniel, No.' 1 Well (52) 184-5. 223 Butcher, Amanda, No. 251 Well (337) 194-5, 326-7 Butcher, C. M. L., No. 1 Well (486) 198-9, 382 Butcher, E. S., No. 1 Well (126) 188-9, 261. 579, 591 Butcher, G. A., No. 359 Well (133) 188-9, 264 Butcher. G. G. Mine (27?,) 587 Butcher, G. G., No. 1 Well (604).. 202-3. 431 Butcher, Geo. N., No. 285 Well (129) 188-9, 262-3 Butcher, Grace, Exposure 128 Butcher, T. D., No". 1 Well (548).. ". 200-1, 408 Butcher, J. N., No. 1 Well (720) ." 438-9, 474 Butcher, M. L., No. 57 Well (149) 188-9, 270 Butcher, M. L., No. 412 Well (150) 188-9 270-1 Butcher. Sophia A., No. 3831 Well (123) 188-9, 260-1 Butcher, W. L., Mine (84) 524 Caldwell, Chas. T., et al 436, 440, 487, 488. 489 Calhoun County Well Records 440-1 Callahan, Dr. J. M 610 Camden Gas Station 324 Camden, G. L., No. 1 Well (658) . . 436-7, 456 Camden, T. N 3 Camden, S. D., No. 4 Well (144). 188-9 Camden, S. D., No. 27 Well (145) 181. 182, 188-9 267-8 Camden, S D., Heirs, No. 1 Well (722) 438-9 Camden Section 58-9, 101 Campbell Creek Coal 167, 503 Camnbell. T. M 551 Canton-Quigg Well No. 483 (881) „ Carbon' 'Black'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' !'.'.' '614-15 Carbon Black Mfg. Co 188, 615 Carnegie Natural Gas Co 186, 194, 243. 246, 322. 330. 331 634 INDEX. Page, Carr & Gilmore ................... 440 Carr, W. P., Mine (154) .......... 545 Carter T T ____ 436, 442 Carter' Oil ''' il Co.'.. ......... 436, 443, 455 Casey & Waldeck, No. 3472 Well (328) ..................... 194-5 Casey, John, Mine (88A) .......... 523 Casey, John, Mine (139) .......... 539 Casey Mary, No. 12 Well (336) ---- ............. 194-5, 326 Casey' M T., No. 1 Well (418).. 196-7 Casey, Thomas, No. 1 (329) . .194-5, 324 Cassville Plant Shale .......... 104, Ho Casto. Daniel, No. 16 Well (335).. Casio.' Luther',' Mine ' (224) '.'.'. ---- .' . 152 Catskill Series ................ 44, 101-2 Cedar Creek, Description. .. .24, 25, 29 Cedar Grove Coal ................. 167 Cedarville, Description .............. 19 Cedarville Sandstone ................ 46, 50, 51. 57, 64, 68, 85, 87. 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 112, 124, 128, 506, 508, 509, 521, 524. 527, 530. 533 Cedarville Section ____ ......... 94, 101 Center District (Gilmer): A.re* ............................ 14 Coals .......... (See Minable Coals) General Sections .............. 93-100 Population ....................... 15 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas ____ 497-8 Well Records, Detailed. 440-1, 484-497 Central Rcsedale Oil & Gas Co ..... 440 Chapman & Bennett Mine (189) ---- 553 Chandler, J. W. No. 1963 Well (202) ....................... . . .190-1, 287 Changes, Physiographic ........... 21-23 Chemung Series .............. 44, 101-2 Cherry Fork, Description ..... 25, 26, 30 Chestnut Ridge Anticline ........... 39 Cheuyront, Leeman, No. 4142 Well (227) ..................... 190-1, 295 Cheuvront. O., No. 4087 Well (243) ... ................... 177, 190-1, 301 Cheuvront, Oscar, No. 1 Core Test (242) .......................... 505 Chidester & White ............ 200, 405 Chilton Coal .................. 167, 503 Chilton Sandstone, Upper ........... ....................... 75, 167. 172-3 Chittum, John ..................... 200 Churchville Section ............. 56, 101 Clarion Sandstone ................... ..... 59, 61, 88. 90, 97, 100, 161, 164 Clark, L. C., Mine (115) ......... 531 Clark, W. L.., Mine (112) .......... ...... . ................ 530 594, 596 Clarksburg & Weston Turnpike ....... 6 Clarksburg Coal, Little .............. ..47, 53, 67, 132. 138-9. 227, 311, 503 Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale ....... .. ................ 99. 132. 134, 139-40 Clarksburg Light & Heat Co ........ .................. 186, 188. 232, 263 Clarksburg Reds ..... 52, 132. 142, 144-5 Clarksburg. Weston & Glenville Transportation Co ................. 3 Classification of Rocks .............. 44 Clay, Available .................. 605-6 Clays and Clav Industry ....... 598-606 Clav. Road Material. ' etc. (Chap. XII) ....................... 598-615 Clavton, B. F., No. 1 Well (362).. 194-5, 337 Clemans T., No. 1 Well (179) 188-9, 281 Clemans, T., No. 1 Well (180.188-9, 281 Cleveland Sandstone 75, 167, 172-3 Cleveland Section... 75-6, 101 Clifton, Ella, No. 1 Well (121) 186-7, 260 Clovis, W. J., Mine (169). 549, 594, 596 Clowser, D. A. No. 1 Core Test (762) 507 Coal: Bakerstown ..36, 132, 155, 503, 565-73, 592. 595 Brush Creek 36, 158, 503 Campbell Creek? 167, 503 Cedar Grove 167, 503 Chilton? 167, 503 Coalburg? 167, 171, 503 Eagle? 168, 503 Elk Lick... ..36, 132, 148, 503, 558-65, 592, 595 Gilbert? 168, 503 Harlem 36 151-2, 503 Hughes Ferry? 168, 503 Little Clarksburg 36, 138-9 503 Little Pittsburgh 136-7, 503 Lower Douglas? 168, 503 Lower Freeport 160, 162, 211, 503 Lower Kittanning ..36, 161, 164, 503, 579-90, 592, 595 Lower Uniontown. . .99, 339, 344, 354 Lower War Eagle? 168, 503 Mahoning 159 Mercer 170, 503. 590-2 Middle Kittanning 75 No. 2 Gas? 167. 503 Normantown 143-4. 503 Pittsburgh 36, 112, 129-30, 503, 535-557, 592, 594-5 Powellton? 167. 503 Redstone ..36, 112, 124, 503, 515-35. 592, 594 Sewickley 121-2, 503 Sharon? 168, 503 Stockton? 170, 503, 590-2 Uniontown 36, 114-19, 503, 594 Upper Freeport ...36. 132, 160, 161, 5,03, 573-5, 593 Upper Kittanning ..36, 161, 163-4, 503, 576-9, 592, 595 Washington 36 104, 108, 503, 510-14, 592 Waynesburg 36, 104. 112-13, 503 Winifrede? 167, 171-2, 503 Coal Analyses 593-5 Coal Analyses, Table of 594-5 Coal Available. Summary 592 Coal & Coke Railway 4. 630 Coal, Chapter (XI) on 500-597 Coal Production by Mines 501 Coal Production Statistics 500-1 Coal Test Borings by Nos (See Core Tests) Coal Test Borings, Gilmer. 506-9 Coal Test Borings, Lewis 504-6 Coalburg? Coal 167, 171, 503 Coalburg Sandstone, Lower 167, 171 Coalburg Sandstone, Upper 167, 170, 171 Conls, Intervals Between 503 Coffindaffer J. B., No. 1 Core Test. 505 Coffindaffer; T- B., No 945 Well (181 A) " 188-9, 281-3 Page. Cole, Peter, No. 1 Well (617) 78, 79. 436-7, 444, 572 Collins, J. C., No. 1 Well (428)... 62, 196-7, 357 Collins, J. C., No. 2 Well (427).. 196-7 Collins, J. C., No. 5 Well (429)... 196-7, 359 Collins, John, No. 4 Well (419) 196-7. 356 Collins, John, No. 2208 Well (451) 198-9 Collins, John, No. 4016 Well (420) 196-7, 356, 565 Collins, Mrs. C. J., Quarry 138 Collins Settlement District: Area 7 Coals (See Minable Coals) General Sections 67-76, 134 Population 7 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 433 Well Records 200-3, 421 33 Columbia Gas Co 198 Columbian Carbon Co 188, 231, 272, 273, 614, 615 Compton, A. T., No. 1 Well (733) 438-9 Compton, Rose J., No. 1 Well (506) 200-1 Conditions, Forest 612-14 Conemaugh Series: Chapter VII 131-159 Description of Formations. .. .134-159 Faunas 623-7 General Description 131 General Section 131-2 Local Sections 133-4 Minable Coals 558-573 Thickness 101-2 Congressional Report on Little Ka- nawha Rivel 3 Conings Section 78. 101 Conley, Charles 442 Connell, Anne, No. 2075 Well (422) 196-7, 357 Connellsville Sandstone 47, 50, 53. 55, 61, 64, 69, 82, 84, 86, 92. 97, 99, 132, 134, 137-8, 139 142, 145, 176 Connellsville Sandstone, Lower 53, 61, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 82, 86. 88, 92, 97, 99. 132, 140-2, 143, 144, 145 Connoquenessing Sandstone, Lower. 168 Connor, Amanda B., No. 1 Well (717) 438-9, 475, 565 Conrad Heirs Mine (38) 122 Conrad. James F. Heirs, No. 1 Core Test (573) 505 Conrad, Jesse 484 Conrad, Jesse, No. 1 Well (758) . . . 440-1. 484 Conrad, Wilson H., No. 1 Core Test (693) 507 Conroy, Dennis, No. 3 Well (257). 192-3 Conroy, Dennis, No. 4 Well (256) . . . 192-3, 304 Conroy, Dennis, No. 6 Well (255) . . 192-3, 303. Cookman, G. G., No. 2164 Well (7) 184-5, 208 Cookman, Lora T.. Mine (45) 516 Copen Run, Description 25, 26, 30 Copley, John, No. 1 Well (365) 194-5, 335, 365 Copley. John, No. 4036 Well (460) . . 198-9, 374, 565 INDEX. 635 Page. Copley, Michael. Heirs, No. 1 Well (363) 42, 194-5 335-6 Copley, Michael, Heirs, No. 2 Well (364) 194-5 Copley Oil Pool 335-0 Copley Section 63, 101 Core Tests by Nos.: 177, 182 and 197 505 223 56, 505 242 505 280 56, 57, 504, 505 286, 315, 358, 359, 399, 514, 517.. 505 523 505, 542 566, 568, 573. 591 505 684, 687, 693, 696 507 711 507, 508, 546 718, 744 507 745 507, 508 746, 748, 749... 507 754 88, 89, 507, 508, 546 759 507, 509 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 768 507 Corrin, John B 499 Cosner, A. B., Mine (124) 533, 594, 596 Cottrell, E. E., No. 1 Well (791)... 440-1, 492-3, 579, 592 Cottrill Heirs, No. 17 Well (173)... 188-9, 278 County Roads, Ordinary 6 Courthouse District: Area 7 Coals (See Minable Coals) General Sections 62-6, 105 Population 7 Prospective OiJ & Gas Areas 405-6 Uniontown Coal 117 Well Records 194-201. 335-405 Cove District (Doddridge) Well Rec- ords 192-3, 436-7, 451 Cove Lick Gas Station 343 Cow Run Sand, Second 177-8 Cowan, T. F 220 Cox, J. W., No. 1 Well (397) 196-7, 350-1 534 Cox, J. W., No. 2 Well (398) 196-7 Cox, W. H., No. 1 Well (706) 438-9, 470 Cox, W. H., No. 2 Well (705) ...438-9, 470 Cox, W. H., No. 4 Well (707) 438-9, 471 Cox, W. H., No. 8 Well (703) 438-9 Cox, W. H., No. 10 Well (704) 438-9, 470 Coxs Mills Section 79, 101 Crawford, Frank, Mine (257).. 72, 580 Crawford, P. H., Mine (226) 134 Crawford Section 36 Creek Gravel 606 Crennell. William 88, 508 Crescent Window Glass Co.. 11-12. 129 Cresco Oil Co 436 Creston Reds 57, 80, 94, 95. 104, 105, 107 Criss, Susan, Mine (158) 546 Crites & Allen 200 Crude Oil Co 62. 78, 80, 186, 188. 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 230, 280. 359, 436, 448. 449 Cummings. Bridget, No. 24 Well (388) 196-7 Cunningham, Samuel, No. 1 Well (593) 202-3.. 431 Cunningham, W. L, No. 4001 Well (445) 198-9, 365-6 Curtis Bros. Mine (89) 525 636 INDEX. Page. Cutr'ght Rac'.el, No. 1993 Well (522) 200-1, 398 Cutright, W. B 5 D Dancer, Sarah, No. 3254 Well (724) 438-9, 476 Danser Mfg. & Supply Co 18 Danser, W. C 12 Dargan, Mary Mine (95) 527 Darnall, E. D., Mine (68) 520 Darnall, H. A. 420 Darnall, Layton, No. 1 Well (54A) 184-5 Darst, J. S 8, 15 Data, Table of Stream 23-5 Davis, C. G., Quarry 142 Davis, E. R., No. 587 Well (12)... 184-5, 210 Davis, George, Mine (261) 577 Davis Heirs, No. 1 Well (181) 188-9, 281 Davis, Lee, Mine (176) 551 Davisson E. G 202, 430 Davisson, E. G., No. 1 Well (590).. 202-3, 430 Dayton Hiner & Arnold.. 184, 192, 209 Deanville Gas Co 186, 233 Deanville Section 51-3, 101 Decota Sandstone 168 Dekalb District (Gilmer) : Area 14 General Sections 81-4 Population 15 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 466 Uniontown Coal 118-19 Well Records 436-9, 452-66 Dempsey, John, No. 472 Well (356) 194-5, 334 Dennison, John, No. 4054 Well (531) 200-1, 401, 534 Dennison, J. R., No. 3508 Well (186) 190-1, 283 Dent. Almira M., No. 1 Well (612A) 436-7, 443 Dent, W. H., No. 1 Well (414) 196-7, 354 Description Carbon Black Plants... 614-15 Description, General: Allegheny Series 160-4 Conemaugh Series 181-2 Dunkard Series 103-4 Gilmer County '. 14-20 Lewis County 6-1* Monong-ahela Series 111-12 Pottsville Series 165-73 Description of Formations: Allegheny Series 161-4 Conemaugh Series 134-59 Dunkard Series 106-10 Monongahela Series 112-30 Pottsville Series 169-73 Description of Productive Sands. 177-81 Description of Structural Terms 33 Detailed Structure 37-43 Detailed Well Records: Gilmer County 442-498 Lewis County 204-433 Devaney, John, No. 1902 Well (449) _. •••, 198-9. 367-8. 592 Development, Historical and Indus- trial 1.20 Development, Present,' Clay' 'industry _ ••••. 598-605 Devonian 44 1Ql-& Page. Disappearance, Pittsburgh Coal, Lines of 535, 553 Distribution of Fossils 626-7 Doddri-dge County Well Records 190-1, 192-3 Dodson, A. N., No. 295 Well (151) 188-9 271 Dolan, Patrick, Heirs, No. 1 Well (584) 202-3 Dolan, T. T.. No. 7005 Well (432) 196-7, 360-1, 565 Donlan, Wm., No. 2077 Well (75) 186-7, 233, 589 Donlan, Wm. E., No. 2 Well (361) 194-5, 337 Donlan, Wm. E., Quarry 141, 146 Doonan Peter, He'irs, No. 440 Well (459)'. 198-9, 373 Dorsey. John W., No. 1 Well (325) 194-5 Dorsey, Peter M., Well No. 1260 (324) 194-5, 322-3 Doty & Alexander 440, 492 Douglas? Coal, Lower 168. 503 Douglass, Alvin, Mine (80) 523 Douglass, Alv:n, Mine (138) 539 Douglass, Alvin, No. 161 Well (152) 188-9, 271 Douglass, J. S., No. 1 Well (562)... 200-1, 422 Drainage Basins 23-30 Drainage Basins, Areas 25-26 Droppleman. George, Mine (10) 512 Dry Fork Section 105 Duncan, James, No. 1 Well (559) 200-1, 419-20, 572, 575, 589 Dunkard Sand, Big 159, 177 Dunkard Sand, Little 157, 177 Dunkard Series: Chapter V 103-110 Description of Formations. ... 106-110 General Section 104 Local Sections 105 Minable Coals 510-514 Thickness 101-2 Duskcamp Run, Description 26, 29 Dyer, P. J., No. 1897 Well (528). 200-1 Dyer, P. J., No. 2281 Well (527) 200-1, 400, 534 Over, Reuben, No. 1 Core Test (711) 507 50r, Over Reuben J., No. 1 Well (712) " 438-9, 472 Dyer. Reuben T., No. 4 Well (710) 438-9, 471-2 Eads, J. B 11 Eagle ?" Coal 168, 503 Eagle Sandstone 168 Eagle STiale 168 Early History, Oil & Gas 181-2 Eastern Oil Co 436, 438, 457, 458, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464 Eckess, Thomas, Mine (120) 532 Eckess, Thomas. Mine (216) 562 Edmiston, Andrew. No. 1974 Well (501) 198-9. 390 Edmiston, Andrew, No. 2805 Well (82) 186-7. 235 Edmiston, An-drew, Sandstone Quarry 121 Edmonds, Presley, No. 2216 Well (9) 184-5, 209 INDEX. 637 Page. Edwards, M. O., No. 2 Well (475) 198-9, 380 Edwards, M. O., No. 813 Well (474) 198-9, 379-80 Edwards, M. O., No. 996 Well (473) 178. 198-9, 379 Electric Railroads 5 Elevations, Railroad 630 Eleven-Foot Vein 590 Elk & Little Kanawlia R. R 4 Elk District (Harrison) Well Rec- ords 184-5 Elk Lick Coal 132, 148, 503, 558-65, 595 Elk Lick Coal (See Minable Coals) Elk Lick Limestone.. 132, 148, 151, 558 Elkins, S. B 505 Ellis Mine (174) 550, 594, 596 Ellison, G. L, No. 2471 Well (650) 436-7, 454 Ellison, Ira G., No. 1754 Well (649) 436-7, 454 Ellison, Luther, No. 1 Well (665) 436-7, 458 Engel. Christian. Mine (190) 555 Enlow & Knisely 440 Enrollment, Glenville Normal 18-19 Eureka Pipe Line Co 19, 336 Faherty, Patrick, No. 1 Well (208) 190-1, 289 Fahey, Mary A., No. 3 Well (214) 190-1, 292 Fahey, Michael, No. 1 Well (205) 190-1, 288 Fahey, Thomas, No. 4 Well (211) 190-1, 290-1 Fahey, T. J., Mine (148) 542 Faley, Pat, Mine (103) 528 Fallen, John. Mine (25) 117 Fallon. John, No. 973 Well (321) . . 194-5, 321 Fallon, Joseph, No. 1 Well (320)... 194-5, 321, 575, 591 Fallon, Wm., No. 2471 Well (322) 194-5, 322 Farinash, F. C., No. 2055 Well (83) 186-7, 236 Farner, John 202 Farnsworth, J. C, Mine (153) 544, 594, 596 Farrell. Patrick, No. 436 Well (389) 196-7, 346 Farrell. Peter, No. 3226 Well (727) 438-9, 478 Faults and Unconformities 43 Faunal Horizons 618-23 Faunas 623-7 Features, Structural, General 37 Features, Tonographic 31 Federal Oil Co 182, 186, 240 Feller, R. R 599 Fetty, E. B., Mine (194) 556 Fidler, Burton, Mine (177) 551 Fifth Sand 36, 181 Fifty-foot Sand 180 Fincham, S. L., Mine (182) 553, 595, 596 Fink Oil Pool 290 Finster, John. Mine (101) 528 Finster, John, No. 1921 Well (430) .' 196-7. 360 Finster, John, No. 1969 Well (431) 196-7, 360 Fire Clav... 606 Fire Clay Shale: Page. Clarksburg 99, 132, 134, 139-40 Thornton 159 Washington 57, 63, 78, 80, 82, 83, 87, 95, 104, 105, 108 First Geological Survey of Penna 109. 114, 120, 121, 148 160, 161, 162, 164 Fishback, Elmer, Mine (166) 548 Fisher, A. S'., No. 1 Well (481).... Fisher, A. S., No. 1 Well (483).. 198-9 Fisher, A. S,., No. 2 Well (482).. 198-9 Fisher, A. S., No. 3 Well (484).. 198-9 Fisher, A. S1., No. 4 Well (485).. 198-9 Fisher, Chas., No. 1 Well (278) 192-3, 309 Fisher, E. C., No. 501 Well (472).. 198-9, 378-9 Fisher, Elias. No. 1 Well (480).. 198-9 Fisher, Geo., No. 60 Well (478) 198-9, 380 Fisher, Geo. W., No. 1 Well (655) 436-7, 455 Fisher, Georgia, No. 1 Well (141). 188-9 Fisher. G. M., No. 1 Well (653)... 81, 82-3, 434, 436-7, 453, 572 Fisher, S. P., No. 153 Well (491).. 198-9. 383 Fitzpatrick, Luke. No. 1853 Well (440) 198-9, 364 Flesher, Fred 153, 598, 599 Flesher Heirs, No. 1 Well (90).. 186-7 Flesher Heirs, No. 2718 Well (89) • 186-7 Flesher Heirs, Quarry 149 Flesher, Jacob, Mine (90) 525 Flesher, Jacob, No. 4119 Well (508) ." 200-1, 393, 534 Flesher, P., No. 2016 Well (455) . . . 198-9, 372 Floyd, J. L., Mine (164) 548 Foley Edward. Mine (6) 512 Fontaine, Wm. M 110 Foreman Gas Station 220-1 Forests 612-14 Forinash, Charles, Mine (260) 582, 595, 597 Forinash, David H., Mine (269)... 585 Forinash, F. C, No. 2055 Well (83) 186-7, 236 Forinash, W. P., Mine (259) 582 Formation, Gilmer County 14 Formation, Lewis County 6 Formations, Description of: Allegheny Series 161-4 Conemaugh Series 134-59 Dunkard Series 106-10 Monongahela Series 112-30 Pottsville Series 169-73 Fossils, Invertebrate 618, 626-7 Foster. John, Mine (51) 518 Foster. John No. 1 Well (4) .184-5, 206 Fourth "Sand 181 Fox, T. M., No. 1 Well (628) 436-7 Fox, J. L., No. 1 Well (542) 200-1 Francis, Geo. C. No 2 Well (198). 190-1 Francis, Geo. C., No. 1919 Well (199) 190-1 Francis, John R., No. 3287 Well (547) 200-1, 408 Frashuer, H. L., No. 484 Well (117) 186-7. 257, 534, 572 Freemans Creek Description: '. 23-4. 25, 27 Freemans Creek District (Lewis): Area 7 Coals (See Minable Coals) 638 INDEX. Page. Freemans Creek District: General Sections 53-61, 133-4 Population 7 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 334-5 Uniontown Coal 115-17 Well Records 186-195, 251-334 Freemansburg Section 54-5, 101 Freeport Coal, Lower. 160, 162, 211, 503 Freeport Coal, Upper . 132, 160, 161, 503, 573-5 Freeport Coal, Upper (See Minable Coals) Freeport Limestone, Upper 71, 74, 75, 160, 161 Freeport Sandstone. Lower (L. D.) 46, 48, 52, 53, 55, 61, 62, 72, 75, 90, 97, 100, 161, 162-3, 176 Freeport Sandstone, Lower (U. D.) 59. 74, 75, 77, 80, 88 161, 162-3, 576, 577 Freeport Sandstone, Upper 48, 53, 63, 71, 72, 74, 80, 90, 99, 160, 162, 176 Frenchton Oil & Gas Co 200 Fulton, E. D 507, 508 Gainer, Frank -C. No. 1 Well (659) 436-7, 456 Gainer, Frank N., No. 1 Well (683) . 438-9, 465 Gainer, M. E., No. 1 Well (663)... 436-7, 458, 565 Galena Ore 586 Galford, Morgan, Quarry 157 Gall T. L.; No. 1 "Well (200) 190-1 Call. L. E., No. 1 Core Test (197).. 505 Gallagher, Michael C., No. 1 Well (589) 302-3 Gamp John, No. 1 Well (262) .. .192-3 Gantz Sand 180 Gardner, George. Mine (75) 522, 594, 596 Gardner, George, Mine (134) 539 Garrett & Bennett, Quarry 13, 141, 146, 60& Garrett, L. G., No. 2529 Well (187) 190-1, 283-4 Garrett, W. D.. Quarry 141 Gas. Natural, & Petroleum: Chapter X 174-499 Horizons 174-7 Prospective Areas .250-1,' 334-5. 405-6, 421, 433, 451-2, 466, 484, 497-8 Gas Sand 163, 177 Gas Sand of Rosedale 178, 491 Gaston & Hall, No. 2433 Well (29) 184-5, 214-15 Gaston & Hall, No. 2477 Well (25) „ 184-5, 313 Gaston Section 51 101 Gee Lick Church No. 1 Well (130) General Description: Allegheny Series 160-1 Conemangh Series 131-2 Dnnkard Seres 103-4 Gilmer County 16-19 Lewis County 6-14 Mononeahela Series 111-12 Pottsville Series ., .165-8 General Sections: Alleghenv Series 160-1 Chapter IV 44-102 •onemangh Series 131-2 Dunkard Series 104 General Sections: Page. Monongahela Series 112 Pottsville Series 167-8 Summary . 100-3 General Structural Ventures 37 Geology (Part II) 33-173 Gerwig, H. B., No. 1 Well (767)... 44r,-l. 485 Gerwig, Matthias, No. 1 Core Test (768) 507 Gibson, C. K., No. 73 Well (309) . . . 192-3, 31V Gibson, C. K., No. 2424 Well (310) 193-3, 317 Gilbert ? Coal 168, 50b Gilbert Sandstone, Upper :..168 Gilboy Sandstone 48, 50, 51, 57. 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 78, 79, 85, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 112, 113 Gillespie, R. G 436, 450 Gillmor, Geo 50& Gillooly, John, No. 2 Well (424)... 196-7, 358 Gillooly, Peter, No. 1986 Well (421) . 196-7, 356-7 Gillooly Section 63, 101 Gilmer Consolidated Coal Co. Mine (180) 501, 552. 594, 596 Gilmer Consolidated Coal Co. Mine (181) 501, 552, 594, 596 Gilmer County: Area 14 Available Coal 592 Coal Tests, Summarized 507 Coals (See Minable Coals) Forests 613-14 Formation ». 14 General Description 14-20 General Sections 76-100, 101-2 Highways 5-6 Levels 630 Location 1 Population 14-15 Postal Service 15-16 Products 15 Property Valuation 15 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 451-2, 466, 484, 497-8 Relief 14 Rock Pressures 499 Thickness of Stratified Rocks. . .101-iJ Towns and Industries 16-19 Transportation 2-6 Villages 20 Well Records. Detailed 442-498 Well Records, Summarized. . .434-441 Gilmer Fuel Co. Mine (179) 501, 552, 594, 596 Gilmer Mine (179) 501, 552 Gilmer Oi! & Gas Co 440, 457. 483 Gilmer Station Section (Pittsburgh Coal) 130 Gilmore & Carr 440 Gissy, Jacob, No. 1802 Well (341) . . . 194-5. 328-9 Gissy, R., No. 158 Well (342). 60. 61. 329 Glady Creek, Description 25, 26, 30 Glass Companies 11-12 Glenville, Description 16-19 Glenville District (Gilmer): Area 7 Coals . (See Minable Coals) General Sections 84-93 Population 15 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 484 TTniontown Coal. . , 119 Well Records 438-441, 466-484 INDEX. 639 Glenville, Population 15 Glenville Section 85-7, 101 Glenville State Normal School 16-19 Goe, N. D., et al 184, 219 Goe, Reed, et al 186 257 Goldbeck & Jackson 609 Gooden, Andrew T., No. 1 Well (608) 436-7, 442 Goodwin, A. T., No. 1 Well (289) . . Goodwin,' A.' T.', ' No.' V Well (290) . . 192-3, 312 Goodwin, A. T., No. 4 Well (291). 192-3 Goodwin, A. T., No. 7 Well (288). 192-3 Goodwin, Edith, Mine (47) 516 Goodwin, Edith, Mine (127) 536 Goodwin, Edith. Heirs, No. 1 Well (20) 184-5, 212 Goodwin, Edith, Heirs, No. 2 Well (19) 184-5, 212 Goodwin, Edith, Heirs, No. 3 Well (16) 184-5, 212 Goodwin, S. S., Mine (44) .516, 594, 596 Gordon, D. J., No. 4 Well (634) 436-7 Gordon, D. J., No. 6 Well (636).. 436-7 Gordon, D. J., No. 7 Well (633).. 436-7 Gordon Sand 36. 180-1 Gordon Stray Sand "... 180 Gordon, W. W 450 Gordon, W. W., No. 1716 Well (642) 436-7, 450 Gordon, W. W., No. 2011 Well (643) 436-7, 451 Gould, Albert, No. 1 Well (546) 200-1, 407 Gould, J. F., No. 1 Well (558) 200-1, 418-19, 575 Grafton Sandstone 55, 65, 66, 70, 82, 88, 90 92, 99, 132, 134, 146, 149-50, 151. 152 Grant District (Harrison) Well Rec- ords 184-5 Grant, C. Z., N.o. 143 Well (332) . . . 144-5, 325 Grass Run, Description 24, 25, 29 Grassland S yncline 41-2 Gravel, River and Creek 606 Green, J. E., No. 1 Well (551) .. .200-1 Greenbrier Limestone 44 101-2 Greenbrier District (Doddridge) Well Records 190-1 Griffiths, C. E 200, 409 Griggs, Abraham L., No. 1 Core Test (286) 505 Griggs, Claude F., Mine (143).. 60. 540 Griggs, William, No. 1 Well (410) . . 196-7, 353 Grimsley, G. P 108. 141. 142, 601 Grounds, Glenville State Normal 17 Grounds. Weston State Hospital 10 Groves, J. H., No. 2733 Well (582) . . 202-3, 428 Guffey & Galey 64. 87, 89, 91. 184, 188. 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 205, 269, 321, G38, 340, 350, 352, 354, 357, 361, 369, 383, 397, 426 438, 440, 468, 474 Guffey, Col. T. M 352 Gum, A. F., Detamore, et al 190 Gum, A. F., No. 1 Well (225) 190-1 Gum, A. F.. No. 1 Well (228) .190-1, 295 Gum, C. W., No. 3476 Well (230). 190-1 Gum, Grant, No. 2 Well (215). 190-1. 292 Gum, John, No. 228 Well (331).. 194-5 Gum, Joseph,. Mine (19) 56, 115 Gum, Joseph, No. 1 Core Test (223). 56, 505 Page. Gum, Joseph, No. 1 Well (224) .56, 190-1 Gum, Theresa, No. 3 Well (216) 190-1, 292 Gum, Theresa A., No. 1 Well (220). 190-1, 293 Gum, Theresa A., No. 2 Well (221). 190-1, 294 Hackers Creek, Description. . .23, 25, 26 Hackers Creek District (Lewis). Area 7 Coals (See Minable Coals) General Sections 45-53, 133 Population 7 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas. . .250-1 Well Records 184-7, 204-250 Hackers Creek Oil & Gas Co '.. 184, 213, 214 Hacker District (Webster) Well Rec- ords 202-3 Haddix & Leading Creek Oil & Gas Co 74, 202 Hagerstown Oil Co 436 Hague, Mr 202, 432 Hale, Tom, Quarry 141 Hall & Gaston, No. 2433 Well (29) . . 184-5, 214-15 Hall & Gaston, No. 2477 Well (25) . . 184-5, 212 Hall & Post, No. 1 Well (17). 184-5, 212 Hall, Burkett 13 Hall, Geo. W., No. 2592 Well (576). 202-3, 425 Hall, James, No. 1 Well (423) 196-7, 357, 565 Hall, J. M., No. 2 -Well (175) 188-9, 280-1, 565, 572 Hall, J. S., No. 352 Well (166) 188-9, 277 Hall, Martha, No. 1 Well (452).. 198-9 Hall, Mary E.. No. 2 Well (282)... 192-3, 310 Hall, Samuel G., No. 2074 Well (107) 186-7 Hall, Samuel G., No. 3456 Well (106) 186-7, 249 Hall, W. L., No. 4 Well (176) .. .188-9 Haller & Hardman, No. 1 Well (657) 436-7, 456 Halterman, Dr. C. W 389 Hammer, John H., No. 1 Well (516) 200-1, 396, 534, 579 Hamrick, James, No. 1 Well (465).198-» Hardman & Haller, No. 1 Well (657) 436-7, 456 Hardman, A. J 536 Hardman, A. J., Mine (228A)..47, 567 Hardman, A. J., No. 1 Well (96)... 186-7. 241-2, 571 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 1 Well (678) 438-9, 463-4, 572 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 2 Well (675) 438-9. 461-2 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 3 Well (676) 438-9, 462 Hardman, O. W. O., No. 5 Well (677) 438-9, 463, 592 Hardman, Samuel, No. 1 Well (76). 186-7, 233 Hardman, Thomas, Heirs, Mine (33) 82. 118 Hardman, Thomas, Heirs, No. 1 Well (660) 436-7, 456 640 INDEX. Page. 70, 90 132, 134, 150, 151, 151-2, 154, 224, 230, 364, 367, 369, 372, 456, 470, 503 Harris Bros 200 Harris, Caldwell, et al 85, 436, 440 Harris, J. D., No. 1 Well (661) 436-7, 456-7 Harris, John T., et al 438, 440 Harrison County Well Records 184-5, 186-7, 188-9 Harrison, M. W., No. 1923 Well (65) 186-7, 229, 571 Harrison, R. H., No. 1905 Well (66) 186-7 Harrison, S. E., No. 2041 Well (470) 198-9, 377-8, 534 Harrison, W. M., No. 4088 Well (61) 184-5, 227 Hatzell & Wilson 198 Hatzell, George, et al 196, 198 Hawkins, Benjamin, Mine (209) 561 Hawkins, Susan C., Mine (119) 533 Hawkins, W. H., No. 1310 Well (502) 200-1, 390-1 Hayden, John, Well (392).. 196-7 Hayes, Charles, Mine (162) 547, 594, 596 Hays Heirs, No. 243 Well (95) 186-7, 241 Heater. Samuel, No. 3256 Well (728) 438-9, 479 Heath Bros., No. 1 Well (721) 438-9, 474-5 Heath, C. C., No. 2 Well (436) .. .196-7 Hebron Church, Well No. 1 (98)... 186-7, 242, 571 Heckert, G. B 19 Heckert, W. W ...76 Hefner, Elizabeth, Mine (213) 561, 595, 596 Hefner, H. S., No. 1 Well (743)... 440-1, 483 Hennen, Ray V 33, 38, 40, 41. 103, 106, 107, 108, 120, 123, 125, 1.39, 140, 144, 147, 150, 168, 170, 171, 172, 175, 459 Henry, H. B., No. 431 Well (479)... 198-9, 381 Hersman, C. C.. Mine (74) 521 Hersman, Mark, No. 1 Well (41) . . . 184-5, 219 Hersman, W. B. & M. S., No. 1 Well (632) 436-7, 449 Highways 5-6 Hiner & Bartlett 56 Hiner, Dayton & Arnold.. 184, 192, 209 Hines, John, Mine (24) .. .116, 594, 596 Hines, John, No. 1 Core Test (315). 194-5, 505 Hines, John, No. 3475 Well (316).. 194-5. 380 Hinzman, Isaac M., No. 729 Well (313) 194-5, 318-19 Hinzman, R. O., No. 1 Well (641).. 436-7, 450 Hinzman, Sarah E., No. 263 Well (113) 186-7, 254-5 Hinzman, W. G., No. 375 Well (45) 184-5, 220 Hinzman, W. G., No. 3283 Well (44) 184-5, 219-20 Historical and Industrial Development Historjc'aV '(Glenvi'lle 'Normal')'.'.'.' .'. .17 Historical (Weston State Hospital) . .10 History and Physiography 1-32 Page. History, E2rly, Oil and Gas 181-2 History of Upshur County 5 History of West Virginia (Lewis).. 6, 9 History of West Virginia (Callahan) 610 Hite, B. H 593 Hitt James, Mine (76) 523 Hoar, Michael, No. 358 Well (458).. 198-9, 373 Hoe Lick Gas Station 256 Holbert, Abram S., No. 2852 Well (8) 184-5, 208-9 Holt, A. L., Quarry 145s Holt, S. M., No. 1 Well (599). 202-3, 431 Holt, S. M., No. 2 Well (601). 202-3, 431 Holt, S. M., No. 3 Well (600). 202-3, 431 Homewood Sandstone 46, 48, 49; 52, 53, 55, 61, 65, 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 83, 86, 88, 90, 93, 161, 167, 169 Hoover, Fred, No. 1 Well (732 A). 438-9 Hoover, Fred, No. 1 Well (737) 440-1, 481 Hope Natural Gas Co 45, 51. 56, 67, 73, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 208, 209, 210, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223. 224, 225, 230, 234, 235, 243, 244, 245, 249, 281, 282, 283, 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 311, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319. 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 340, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 364, 366, 372, 374, 375, 377, 378 379, 385, 390, 394, 396, 399, 400, 402, 405, 406, 408, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 428, 429, 436, 438, 440, 445, 446 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 457, 458, 459, 465, 476, 478, 479, 486, 488, 499 Horizons, Oil and Gas 174-7 Horizons, Faunal 618-23 ITovnbeck, Cecil, Mine (62) 520 Hornor, R. H. & Son, Mine (218).. 563, 595, 596 Horse-Power of Streams 611 ITorton, A. H .610 Hoskins, Karl 231, 272, 614 Hospital Weston State 10-11 House, Lillie F., No. 1708 Well (663A) 436-7, '58 House of Representatives 3 Howard, R. C 440 Hudkins, F. O., No. 1 Well (285)... 192-3, 311 Hudnall, C. S., No. 1 Well (752)... 89-91, 440-1, 482 Hudnall, C. S., No. 1 Well (753)... 440-1, 483 Hudnall, C. S., No. 2 Well (750)... 440-1, 483 Hudnall, C. S., No. 2 Well (751)... 440-1. 482 Huff, H. P 258 Huffman, Daniel, Mine (191) 555 Huffman, Daniel, No. 1 Well (782). 434, 440-1, 489 Hughes, A. H., Mine (75 A) 522 Hughes Ferry? Coal 168, 503 Hughes Heirs. Mine (133) 538 Hughes. Virginia, No. 201 Well (172A) 188-9, 279 Hull, Peter, Mine (78) 523 Hull, Peter L., No. 3607 Well (232) ; 190-1, 296-7 Hundred Sandstone 57. 78, 79. 80, 104, 105, 106 IXDEX. 64I Page. Hurst. Henry, No. 1 Well (282A).. 192-3, 310 Hurst Section 56-8, 101 Hurst, W. H., No. 183 Well (297).. 192-3, 314 Hushion, John, No. 1 Well (265). 192-3 Hyre, Chas. M., No. 2656 Well (563) 73, 200-1, 422 Indian Fork Oil Pool 467 Indicated H. P. of Streams 611 Injun Sand, Big 17» Industrial Development 1-20 Industries, Gilmer County 16-19 Industries, Lewis County 9-13 Industry, Clay 598-605 Intervals Above and Below Pittsburgh Coal 36 Intervals Between Coal Seams 503 Introduction (Chapter IV) 44-5 Introduction (Chapter XIII) 616-18 Invertebrate Fossils, Progress of Studies 618 Ireland Section 134 Items, Miscellaneous. Gilmer Co.. 14-16 Items, Miscellaneous, Lewis Co 6-9 Tackson & Bowser 436 Jackson & GoWbeck 609 Jackson, B. S., No. 1 Well (122). 186-7 Tackson, Jacob, Mine (69) 521 Tackson Mill Section 133 Tackson Mill Section (Price) 621 Jacksonville Coal & Coke Co. Mine (219) 563 Tane Lew, Brick & Drain Tile Works 13/153, 598-601 Jane Lew, Description 13 jane Lew, Population 7 Jane Lew Sandstone 132, 133, 134, 152, 153-4 Jane Lew Section... 47-8, 102 Jarvis. F. C, No. 1 Well (476) 58, 59, 198-9, 380, 579 Jarvis, James, No. 238 Well (146).. K Page. Jarvis, J. M., No. 3462 Well (346) . . 194-5, 330 Jarvis, Samuel, Mine (82) 523 Jarvis, Samuel, No. 293 Well (333). 194-5, 325-6 Jarvis, Solomon, No. 393 Well (147). ....188-9, 269 Jarvis, Will. Mine (81) 523 Jarvis, Will,' No. 1 Well (148) 188-9, 269-70, 534 Jesse Run Oil & Gas Co 184, 207 Jewel, W. R., No. 1 Well (543).... 200-1, 405 Jewel, W. R., No. 4070 Well (545) . . 200-1, 407 Jewell Section 70-1, 102 Jollytown Sandstone 56. 78, 104. 105, 106 Jones, Emma, No. 1 Well (293) 192-3, 312 Joyce, Annie, No. 1 Well (206) 107, 190-1 Joyce, Ellen, No. 471 Well (207) 190-1, 289 Joyce, Timothy, No. 1 Well (210).. 190-1, 290, 514 Joyce, Timothy, No. 2 Well (809).. '. 190-1, 289 Kaden, John, Mine (102) 528 Kanawha Black Flint 72, 74, 75, 166, 167, 169, 170, 623, 625-7 Kanawha Group — Fossils 625-6 Kane, James P., No. 1 Well (760).. 434, 440-1, 485 Katherine Mine (180) 501, 552, 594, 596 Keegan, Annie, No. 1 Well (443). 198-9 Keegan. Annie, No. 2 Well (444). 198-9 Keely, John T 304 Keely, John T., No. 1 Well (266)... 192-3, 305 Keener, George 1 129, 601, 602 Keener Sand 179 Keister, Burd. No. 1 Well (125).. 188-9 Kelley, Ed., No. 4132 Well (433). 196-7 Kelley, I. M 438 Kelley, John, No. 4003 Well (439).. 198-9, 364 Kelley, W. H., No. 2134 Well (32). 184-5, 215-18 Kemper, A. H., No. 1906 Well (203) 190-1 Kemper, A. H., No. 4200 Well (203A) ..190-1, 288 Kemper, G. A., No. 1 Well (635)... 80-1, 436-7, 447, 572 Kemper, Hannah, No. 237 Well (158) ..54, 55, 188-9, 273 Kemper, R. S., No. 1636 Well (204) 190-1 Kemper, S. A., No. 417 Well (156) . . 188-9, 274-5 Kennedy Gas Station 258 Kenney, A. E 440 Kenney, John, No. 1 Well (267) Kenny, J. J., No. 1245 Well (343) . . 194-5, 329 Kenny. Martin, No. 1244 Well (352) 194-5, 332 Keough, J. F 216 Kerrigan, Timothy, No. 230 Well (330) 194-5, 324-5 Kershner, Elaine, No. 115 Well (164) 188-9, 276 Key-Rock. Structure Contours 34 Kiflingsworth, J. W., No. 1 Well (690) 87, 88, 179, 438-9, 466. 572 Kincaid, Thomas, Mine (263) 583 Kincaid. William P., Mine (254)... 576, 595, 597 Kincheloe Creek, Description. .23, 25. 26 King, Dr. J. M 212 King, J. M., Gas Co 184. 212 Kirkpatrick, W. S., No. 1 Well (709) 438-9, 471 Kirkpatrick, W. S., No. 4 Well (708) 438-9, 471 Kittanning Coal, Lower .161, 164, 503, 579-90, 595 Kittanning Coal, Lower (See Minable Coals) Kittanning Coal, Middle 76 Kittanning Coal, Upper ...161, 163-4, 503, 576-9, 595 Kittanning Coal, Upper (See Minable Coals) Knabenshue. Tos-nh, Mine (109)... 529 Knapp, Wesle'y. No. 1 Well (350A) . . 194-5. 332 Knight, W. P.. No. 1 Well (736). 440-1 Knisely & Enlow 440 642 INDEX. Page. , ' 39; 144 145, 153, 586, 593,, Kraus, B. L., No. 242 Well (353)... ... .......... 177, 194-5, 332 Kraus, Kaspar, Mine (85) ......... 524 Kraus, Rasper, No. 1 Well (357).. 194-5 Kraus; Robert A., No. 1 Well (351) Rr'ebsi 'c.' '£'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.....'.... ---- -'.176 Krenn, Joseph, No. 3 Well (301)... ; ........... 1923, 314, 514 Krenn, Joseph, No. 5 Well (300). 192-3 Krenn, Joseph, No. 7 Well (308)... ..... ................ 192-3, 315 Krise, Jacob, No. 1 Well (553) ..... ................... 200-1, 413-14, 579 Kroger Gas Coal Co. Polar Mine (43) ........ 46, 184-5. 501, 515, 594, 596 Kroger Gas Coal Co. Mine (126) ---- ...................... 46, 188-9, 536 Kroger Red Ash Mine ............. 501 Lake, T. W., Mine (267) 584 Lake, J. W., No. 1 Well (605) 202-3. 432 Lake, Nimrod, Mine (276) 75, 192-3, 588 Lake, Ursula, Mine (266). 584, 595, 597 Lancaster, J. M., No. 188 Well (495) Lang, John, Mine (28) 117 Latonia Section 83-4, 102 Lattea, N. C., Mine (23) 116, 120 Law, L. A.. Mine (12) 513 Law, L. A., No. 1 Well (615) 436-7, 444, 451 Law, L. M., No. 2181 Well (647)... 436-7, 453 Law, M. L., Mine (48) 518 Law, M. L., No. 1 Well (23) ... .184-5 Law, M. L., No. 2 Well (24) 184-5 Law, M. T., No. 1926 Well (190) . . . 190-1, 285 Lawson, D. B.. No. 2060 Well (56) " 184-5, 224-5 Lawson, Elias, No. 1 Well (68) 186-7, 229 Lawson, Elizabeth, No. 3286 Well (57) 184-5, 225, 534 Lawson, E. M., Mine (110) 529 Lawson. George. Mine (56) 49, 519 Lawson, Mary E., Mine (92) 526 Lawson, Mary E., No. 1 Well (496) Lawson ' W.' B.', ' No'. ' 3481 ' Weil' '(35) 184-5, 216 Layopolis, Description 19 Layopolis. Population 15 Leading Creek, Description. . .24, 25, 29 Leary Oil Co 436 Leggett, S. P., No. 1 Well (312).... _ •:•••• 192-3. S18 Lesley. T. P 129, 162, 163, 164 Lester. Ova. Mine (136) 539 Levels, Railroad 630 Lewis County: Area 7 Coal Production , .501 Coal Tests, Summarized 504-5 Coals (See Minable Coals) Forests 612-13 formation 6 fossils '.'.'.'.'.626-7 General Description 6-14 General Sections 45-76. 101-S Page. Lewis County: Highways 5-6 Levels 630 Location 1 Population 7 Postal Service 8 Products 8 Property Valuation 8 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas 250-1, 334-5, 405-6, 421, 433 Relief 7 Rock Pressures 499 Summarized Well Records.. . .184-203 Thickness of Stratified Rocks. . .101-2 Towns and Industries 9-13 Transportation 2-6 Villages 13-14 Well Records 181-433 Lewis, Edwin, Mine (46) 516 Lewis. Fred. Quarry 138 Lewis, Lee L,"No. 1 Well (555).. 200-1 Lewis, L. Nathan, No. 1 Well (2) ... 184-5, 205 Lewis, Virgil A 6, 9 Leyden, John, No. 1 Well (213) 190-1, 291, 591 Leyden, John, No. 2 Well (212) 190-1, 291 Leyden. John, Heirs, No. 41 Well (222).." 190-1, 294 Life, B. J.. Exposure 144 Life, Frank, Mine (377) 588 Life, Noah, No. 2051 Well (87) 186-7, 238 Life. Noah, No. 4063 Well (84) 186-7. 236 Lightburn, J. A. J., No. 300 Well (104) 186-7. 247 Lime, Big. ., 178-9 Lime, Little. ITS Limer. O. F 516 Limestone: Brush Creek.... 132, 157-8 625, 626-7 Elk Lick 132, 148, 151 Greenbrier 36, 44, 101-2, 17S-9 Lower Ames 132. 150-1, 624. 626-7 Orlando 69. 92, 132, 147-8, 623 Pine Creek 132, 156, 624-5 Redstone 46. 49. 58. 112. 126-8. 522. 526. 53fi. 538. 539, 543 Sewickley 84, 89, 112, 123, 508 Uniontown 112. 120 Upper Ames.... 132. 150-1. 624. 620-7 Upper Freenort. . .71, 74, 75. 160, 161 Upper Pittsburgh 53. 131 13« Limestone for Road Material 606-7 Lines of Disappearance, Pittsburgh Coal 553 Linger, Alfred. Mine (205) 560, 595, 59« Linger, Bruce. Mine (208) 560 Linger, Louv.'na, No. 1 Well (556) . . 200-1. 416-17. 572, 575. 580 Linsey. Charles 258 Little Clarksbursr Coal ..47. 53. 67. 132 138-9, 227, 311. 503 Little Dunkard Sand 157. 177 Little Kanawlia River. 2-3, 24. 25. 28-3(1 Little Kanawlia Syndicate. 504. 505. 507 Little Lime 178 Little Pittsbureh Coal 47. 50. 61. 64. 67. 131. 134. 135. 136-7. 225, 355. 387. 389, 402, 460, 463, 503, 508 Lively. Wm. E.. No. 1 Well (7m.. . . .438-9, 473 INDEX. 643 Lively, \Vm. E., No. 2 Well (713). 438-9, 472 Lively, Win. E.( No. 3 Well (714).. ..." 438-9 Lively, Wm. E., No. 7 Well (715).. 438-9, 473, 592 Livingston, John, No. 1 Well (413) ....196-7 Local Sections, Conemaugh Series. 133-4 Local Sections, Dunkard Series 105 Localities, Register of 628-9 Location of Area 1 Locks on Little Kanawha River 3 Lohan, P. M., No. 486 Well (323).. 194-5, 322 Lorentz Section 50, 102 Lough, M. H., No. 217 Well (131) Lough, T. L, Mine (97).. 527, 594, 596 Lovell, Madison, Heirs, Mine (144). 540 Lovell, Madison, Heirs, Mine (145) 541, 594, 596 Lovett, C. H.. No. 105 Well (139) 188-9, 266 Lovett, J. B., No. 2 Well (128) " 188-9, 262 Lovett, J. B., No. 21 Well (127) 188-9, 262 Lovett, Minor, Mine (140) 539 Lovett, M. J., No. 1 Well (284) 192-3, 311 Lovett, M. J., No. 2 Well (283) .... 192-3, 310 Lovett, Thos., No. 1 Well (155) . . . 188-9, 273, 589 Lowfr Ames Limestone 132, 150-1, 624, 626-7 Lower Coalburg Sandstone 167, 171 Lower Connellsville Sandstone 53, 61, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 82, 86, 88, 92, 97, 99, 132, 140-2. 143, 144, 145 Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone. .168 Lower Douglas ? Coal 168, 503 Lower Freeport Coal. 160, 162, 211, 503 Lower Freeport Sandstone 46, 48, 52, 53, 55, 59. 61, 62, 72, 75, 77. 80. 88. 90, 97, 100, 161, 162-3, 176, 576, 577 Lower Kittanning Coal 161, 164, 503, 579-90, 595 Lower Kittanning Coal (See Minable Coals) Lower Mahoning Sandstone 71, 132, 158-9 Lower Marietta Sandstone 51, 57, 61, 63, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 94, 95 104, 105, 107-8 Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone 60, 66, 69, 77, 84, 86, 89, 94, 95, 97, 99, 131, 134-5, 136, 508, 509 Lower Sewickley Sandstone 84, 92, 112, 123 Lower Uniontown Coal 99, 339. 354, 444 Lower War Eagle? Coal 168, 503 Lowther, G. E., No. 2 Well (292)... 192-3, 312 Lowther, J. R., No. 1 Well (295) 192-3, 313 Lowther. J. R., No. 2 Well (294) '. 192-3, 313 Lowther. ?. H., No. 3 Well (279) . . . 192-3. 309 Lunsford. Andrew. No. 2049 Well (581 184-5, 225-6 Luzader. S. H.. No. 1 Well (38A) . . ...184-5 Page. Lyceum of Natural History, N. Y..108 Lynch, Alva, Mine (171) 549 Lynch, John R., Mine (170) 549, 594, 596 Lynch, V. S., No. 1 Well (603A).. 202-3, 431 Lynch, V. S. & T. M., No. 4 Well (700) 438-9, 468-9, 572 Lyons, Alexander, Mine (160) 547 M Mahoning Coal 159 Mahoning Sandstone 65, 74, 75, 82, 90, 99, 158-9, 176 Mahoning Sandstone, Lower 71, 132, 158-9 Mahoning Sandstone, Upper 71, 132, 158-9 Maley, Pat, No. 2074 Well (448) 198-9, 367 Mandell Oil Co 184 Mannington Sandstone 51, 56, 57, 58, 63, 78, 80, 82, 83, 87, 92, 94, 95, 104, 105, 108-9 Map II (Contours) 34-5, 37 Marietta Sandstone, Lower 51, 57, 61, 63, 78. 79, 80, 81, 87, 94, 95, 104, 105, 107-8 Marietta Sandstone, Upper 57, 63, 78, 79, 80, 81, 94, 95, 104, 105, 106-7 Marks, Smith. Mine (37) 119 Marsh, J C., No. 1 Core Test (280) 56, 57, 504, 505 Marsh, J. C., No. 1 Well (281) 56, 57-8, 178, 192-3, 310 Marsh, M. C, Mine (11) 512 Marsh, M. Z., No. 90 Well (296) . . . 192-3, 313-14 Marsh, N. P., No. 1 Well (756)... 440-1. 48b Marshall, C. E., No. 1 Core Test (749) 507 Marshall, C. E., No. 2 Core Test (748) 507 Marshall No. 1 Well 91, 92-3, 481 Marshall, R. R., No. 1 Well (698).. 438-9, 468 Marshall, R. R., No. 1 Well (741).. 440-1, 482 Marshall, R. R., No. 2 Well (742) . . 440-1, 482 Marshall, R. R., No. 2 Well (747) . . 440-1, 482 Marshall, R. R.. No. 3 Well (697).. 438-9, 468 Marshall, T. M 507, 508 Marshall, T. M., No. 1 Core Test (746) 507 Marshall, T. M., No. 1? Core Test (745) 507, 508 Marshall, T. M., No. 2? Core Test (754) 89, 507, 503 Marshall, T. M., No. 3 Core Test (696) 507 Martin Development Co 440 Martin, G. M., No. 1 Well (755)... „ . 440-1, 483 Material, Road 606-7 Matthews. F. J., No. 2455 Well (391) 196-7, 347 Matthews, Flora, No. 1952 Well (504) 200-1, 392 Matthews, Flora, No. 2455 Well (505) 200-1. 392-3 Matthews Heirs, No. 1 Well (500).. ...198-9, 389-90 644 Page. Matthews Heirs Mine (26) 117 Matthews, T. W., No. 1 Core Test (514) 605 Matthews, T. W., No. 1970 Well (615) 200-1, 395 Matych & Wilkins 186, 440 Mauch Chunk Series 44, 101-2 Maxton Sand 178 Maxwell, Edwin, No. 1 Well (73).. 186-7, 231-2, 589 Maxwell, Edwin, No. 3 Well (64)... 186-7, 228, 589, 691 Maxwell Heirs, No. 4 Well (306)... 192-3, 316 Maxwell Heirs, No. 9 Well (247)... 192-3, 302 Maxwell, Porter. Mine, (129)... 47, 536 Maxwell, Porter, No. 1 Well (92)... 47, 48, 186-7, 239 Maxwell, Sylvester, Mine (42) 122 Maxwell, W. B., No. 1 Well (238) . . 190-1 Maxwell, W. B., No. 3 Well (184).. 188-9, 282 Maxwell, W. B., No. 2008 Well (349) 194-5, 331 Maxwell, W. B., Well (183) 188-9 Maxwell, W. Brent, Mine (1) 510 Meade District (Upshur) Well Rec- ords 200-1, 419-20 Means, I. N., No. 1 Well (412) 196-7, 353, 575 Means, Otho, No. 1 Well (287A) 192-3. 311 Means, W. S. & I. C., No. 1 Well (287) 192-3, 311 Mearns, Wm., No. 1 Well (603) 202-8, 431 Meeks, Granville, No. 4014 Well (437) : 196-7, 363 Mercer Coal 72, 83, 86, 167, 170, 228, 255, 261, 372, 291, 331, 361, 384, 409, 463, 473, 488, 492, 494, 496, 503, 590-2 Mercer Coal (See Minable Coals) Mertz, Frank A., No. 156 Well (339) 194-5, 827-8 Mertz, George. No. 4181 Well (378) 196-7 Mertz, J. H., No.' 11 ' Well '(380)'.'. .. 196-7, 343 Mertz, Joseph, No. 363 Well (379) Messenger',' Ai'fred.''NoY l' We'll '(691) " 438-9. 467 Method of Representing Structure'. 33-6 Mick, Hudson, No. 3267 Well (729) _ • • 438-9, 479 Mick, L. E., Mine (244).. 570, 595, 597 Mick, L. E., Mine (245) 570 wH* 2f- ]?•• Mine (256). 580, 595, 597 Mick, W. C., No. 2018 Well (435)... MickVw: 'E.,' No.' 'i 'Core'T^sMSOr)2"3 Middle Ki'ttanning ' Coal '.'.'.'.'.'. 5?5 MVdd'et°n' Henry O.. No. 1 Well (fi85) 434, 438.9 465 Mileage, Railroad 3 4 Mileage Road... V-" i^r0}1 & Gas Co! '.'.446; 498. '494 Minable Coals: Allegheny Series 573-590 Conemaugh Aeries 558-573 Punkard Series 510-514 Mononjrahela .Series 515-557 Pottsville Series 590-592 Page. Minable Coals by Magisterial Dis- tricts 593 Minable Coals by Magisterial Dis- tricts: BAKERSTOWN COAL Gilmer County Center 99, 132, 155, 503, 573, 595 Dekalb ..82, 132, 155, 452, 463, 503, 573, 595 Glenville 86, 88, 132, 155, 468, 469, 477, 503, 573, 595 Troy 79, 80, 132, 155, 444, 449, 503, 573, 595 Lewis County Collins Settlement 69, 71, 132, 134, 154, 155, 156, 430, 503, 568-70, 573, 595 Courthouse. .132, 155, 361, 503, 573, 595 Freemans Creek 132, 155, 252, 253, 255, 257, 263. 272, 281, 331, 503} 567, 573, 595 Hackers Creek 47, 132, 133, 155, 205, 206, 207, 229, 233, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247. 249, 503, 567, 573, 595 Skin Creek 132, 155, 414, 416, 419, 503, 568, 573, 595 ELK LICK COAL Gilmer County Dekalb 132, 148, 458, 503, 596 Glenville 132, 148, 475, 503, 595 Lewis County Collins Settlement 69, 132, 134, 148, 503, 562-4, 565, 595 Courthouse 132, 148, 356, 357, 360, 374, 503, 595 Freemans Creek 132, 146, 148, 272, 280. 503, 595 Hackers Creek 46, 47, 132, 140, 148, 503, 558-9, 595 Skin Creek 66, 67, 132, 147, 148, 152, 503, 560-1, 565, 595 LOWER KITTANNING COAL Gilmer County Center 95, 161, 164, 494, 503, 595 Glenville 90, 161, 164, 503, 595 Lewis County Collins Settlement 72, 73, 74, 75, 161, 164, 503, 579-90, 595 Courthouse.. 65, 161, 164, 402, 503, 595 Freemans Creek 161, 164, 255, 273, 603. 595 Hackers Creek 161, 164, 207, 228, 229, 233, 239, 247, 503, 595 Skin Creek 161, 164, 409, 415, 416, 419, 503, 590, 595 MERCER (STOCKTON) COAL Gilmer County Center. 167, 170, 488, 492, 494, 496, 503 Dekalb 167, 170, 463, 503 Glenville 167, 170, 473 Lewis County Collins Settlement 72, 167, 170, 503, 590-2 Courthouse 167, 170, 361, 384, 603 INDEX. 645 Page. MERCER (STOCKTON) COAL Lewis County Freemans Creek 167, 170, 255, 261, 272, 291, 321, 503 Hackers Creek 167, 170, 228, 503 Skin Creek 167, 170, 409 PITTSBURGH COAL Gilmer County Center !»4, 95, 97, 99, 112, 129-30, 143, 503, 507, 509, 553-7, 594-5 Dekalb 112, 129-30, 503, 507, 544-545, 594-5 Glenville 84, 85, 87. 92, 112, 129-30, 142, 439, 441, 467. 471, 473, 483, 503, 545-553, 594-5 Troy 77. 112, 129-30, 437, 443, 503, 544-5, 557, 594-5 Lewis County Collins Settlement 69, 112, 129-30, 503, 505, 543, 594-5 Courthouse 112, 127. 128. 129-30. 136, 195, 199, 336, 337, 338, 339, 342, 346, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 358, 359, 374, 376. 383, 387, 503, 505. 542-3, 557, 594-5 Freemans Creek 55. 57, 59. 60, 61, 112, 129-30, 133, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 257, 272, 278, 280, 282, 284, 285. 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 2Vi2, 293, 294, 297, 299, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310. 311. 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319. 321, 322, 323, 326, 503, 504, 505. 538-42, 557, 594-5 Hackers Creek 46. 47, 49, 50, 52, 112, 129-30, 185, 187 207, 224, 230, 503, 536-8, 557, 594-5 Skin Creek f>6. 67, 112, 129-30, 503, 543-4, 557, 594-5 REDSTONE COAL Gilmer County Center 94, 95 96, 112, 124, 503, 594 Glenville 85," 92, 112. 124, 503, 594 Lewis County Collins Settlement 68. 69 112,' 124, 503. 505, 531-3, 535, 544, 594 Courthouse 64. 112. 124. 127, 128, 136, 339, 350, 377, 37S, 391. 393, 394, 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 403, 405, 503 505. 524-8, 525, 594 Freemans Creek 53. 54. 57, 58, 60, 112. 124, 127, 133, 257, 209. 297. 299, 503, 504, 505, 522-4. 535, 594 Hacker* Creek 46 47. 49. 50. 51. 52. 112, 124, 144. 225. 503. 515-21, 535, 594 Skin Creek fifi. 67. 112, 124. 503, 528-31, 53'5, 543. 594 UPPER FREEPORT COAL Gilmer County Center 99, 132, 160, 161. 503 Lewis County Collins Settlement 71, 132. 160, 161 430, 503, 573, 575 Page. UPPER FREEPORT COAL Lewis County Courthouse. 132, 160, 161, 353, 361, 503 Freemans Creek. 132, 160, 161, 321, 503 Skin Creek 132, 160, 161, 411, 414, 416, 418, 41», 503, 575 UPPER KITTANNING COAL Gilmer County Center 100, 161, 163-4, 492, 494, 503 Lewis County Collins Settlement 72, 74, 75, 161, 163-4, 172, 503. 576-7, 579, 595 Courthouse. 65, 161, 163-4, 355, 396, 503 Freemans Creek 59, 161, 163-4, 261, 263, 272, 503 Hackers Creek 161, 163-4, 240, 503 Skin Creek 161, 163-4, 411, 413, 503, 579 WASHINGTON COAL Gilmer County Center 94, 104, 108, 503, 515 Dekalb 82, 104, 108, 503, 513, 515 Glenville 104, 108, 503, 513, 515 Troy. 78. 79, 80, 104, 108, 503, 513, 515 Lewis County Collins Settlement... 104, 108, 503, 515 Courthouse ...63, 104, 105, 108, 503, 512-13, 515 Freemans Creek 57. 104, 108, 282, 290, 314, 503, 510-12, 515 Hackers Creek 104, 108, 503. 515 Skin Creek 104, 108, 503, 515 Mineral Resources (Part III) . .174-499 Mineral Waters 612 Mines, Coal, Production of 501 Mines, Coal, by Nos.: 1, 2, 3. 4 & 5 510 6, 7, 8/9, 10 & 11 512 12, 13, 14, 15 & 16 513 17 and 18 115 19 56, 115 20 115 21 116 22 116, 120 23 1M 24 116, 594, 596 25. 26, 27, 28 & 29 117 30 118, 594, 596 31 & 32 118 33 82, 118 34 118, 594, 596 35, 36 & 37 ..119 38 122 39 82, 122 40, 41 & 42 122 43 46, 515. 594, 596 44 516, 594, 596 45, 46 & 47 516 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 & 53 513 54 518, 594, 596 55 619 56 49, 519 57 & 58 519 59 50, 519 60, 61, 62, 63 & V4 520 65 52, 520 66. 67 & 68 520 69, 70 71 & 72 521 73. 521, 594, 596 74 521 75 .•. . 522, 594, 596 646 INDEX. Mines, Coal, by Nos.: yg^ 76, 77,' '78,' 79- & 80 Page. 522 ................ 51, 523 82'&82A ........................ 528 aq 04 & QK ............ 524 86 .":::: :524, 542, 594, 596 S7 ' ........... 524, 594, 596 88, 89 & 90 ..................... .-525 91 .......... o2o-6 oo"' ,'. .. ............... 526 ' 64, 526 . 94.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'...'. ...... 526, 594, 95 & 96 ......................... 97 ........ 527, 594, 98'&99'. ...................... 100 .................... 528, 594, 101, 102, 103 & 104 .............. 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 & 110 ..... .540, 594, 60, .541, 594, 112 530, 594, 112A, 113 & 114 115 116 67, 117 68, 118, 119, 120 & 121 122 & 123 532. 594, 124 533, 594, 185 126 46, 127 •• 128 536, 594, 129. 47, 130 131 52, 132 & 133 134 135 55, 136, 137, 138, 139 & 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 & 147 148. 149 & 150... 151 152 153 544, 594. 154 & 155 156 & 157 546, 594, 158 159 547, 594, 160 & 161 162 ....547, 594, 163 164 165 548, 594, 166 & 167 168 1fi9 & 170 549, 594, 171 172 173, 174 & 175 550, 594, 176 & 177.... 178 551, 594, 179, 180 & 181 552, 595 182 553, 595, 183 & 184 186 94, 186 554, 595, 187 188 555, 595, 189, 190 and 191 192 555, 595, 193 & 194 , 195 & 196 556, 595, 596 527 596 .527 596 528 529 530 596 530 531 531 531 532 596 596 533 536 .536 596 536 .538 538 .538 .539 539 .539 .540 596 540 .540 596 .541 .542 543 .544 .196 .545 596 .546 59ft .547 596 .547 .548 596 .548 .549 596 .549 . 550 596 .551 596 596 596 .554 554 596 .554 596 .555 59« .556 596 Page. Mines, Coal, by Nos.: 197 55V 198 & 199 136 200 & 201 139 202 & 203 143 204 558 205 560, 595, 596 206, 207 & 208 560 209, 210, 211 & 212 561 213 561, 595, 596 214 564, 595, 596 215 & 216 562 217 563 218 563, 595, 596 219 563 220 564, 595, 596 221 & 222 151 223, 224 & 225 152 226 134 227 & 228 567 228A 47, 567 229 , 567 230, 231, 232, 233, 234 & 235 568 236 569, 595. 596 237 & 238 569 239 i. ..71, 569 240 & 241 569 242 570, 595, 597 243 570 244 570, 595, 597 245, 246 & 247 570 248, 249, 250 & 251 162 252 & 253 576 254 576, 595, 597 255 75, 577 256 580, 595, 597 257 72, 580 258 582, 595, 597 259 582 260 582, 595, 597 261 577 262 583, 595, 507 263 & 264 583 265 584 266 584, 595, 597 267 584 268, 269 & 270 585 271 & 272 586 273 & 274 587 275 587, 595, 597 276 75, 588 277 588 278 588. 595, 597 279 & 280 590 281.. 75, 590 282 591 283 170, 590 171 No. 2472 Well 190-1. 287 No. 4052 Well 190-1, 287 Miscellaneous Items, Gilmer Co... 14-16 Miscellaneous Items, Lewis Co 6-9 Mississinpian 44, 101-2 Mitchell. T. S 403 Mitchell, Robert, No. 1 Well (654) 436-7 Monongahela Series: Chanter VI 111-30 Description of Formations 112-30 General Description 111-12 General Section 1U Minable Coals 515-557 Thickness 101-'' Monongahela Valley Traction Co.. 5, 10 284 Minter, Caroline, (195) Minter, Caroline, (194) INDEX. 647 Page. Monongahela Valley Traction Co. Ex- posures (228 & 229) 56V Montgomery, S. L 406 Moody, J. W., No. 1 Well (723) 438-9, 476 Moore, Arnold, Heirs, No. 1 Well (701) 438-9, 469, 572 Moore, Arnold, Heirs, No. 2 Well (702) 438-9, 469 Moore, Clara, No. 1 Core Test (765) 507 Moore, James, Mine (235) 568 Morgan & Rinehart 184 Morgantown Sandstone 46, 47, 52, 55, 66, 67, 69, 86, 90, 92, 132, 134, 141, 145-7, 176 Morris, M. B., Mine (163) 547 Morrison Bros. Mine (53) 518 Morrison, John, No. 1 Well (557). 200-1 Mulcahy. Michael, Mine (91) 525-6 Mullady, James, No. 1 Well (405) 196-7, 352 Mullady, James. No. 2 Well (404) ... 196-7, 352 Mullady, James, No. 11 Well (406) . . 196-7 Mullady, James, No. 13 Well (401) .....196-7 Mullady, Michael, No. 1901 Well (374) 194-5, 340-2 Mullady, Pat, No. 2 Well (402).. 196-7 Mullins, Wm., No. 1 Well (607) .... 202-3, 432 Mullooly, T. F.. No. 2575 Well (572) 202-3, 423 Mullooly, W. E ^^^ 423 Mulvaney, Ellen, No. 4176 Well (450) 198-9, 368 Murphy Creek, Description ... 24, 25, 27 Murphy Creek Oil Pool 381 Murphy, James, No. 2 Well (416) . . 196-7, 35-1 Murphy, James, No. 1903 Well (417) 196-7, 355, 579 Murray Heirs, No. 322 Well (383) 196-7. 344 Murray. John. No. 72 Well (387) 196-7, 346 Murray, McDonald, Mine (99) 527 Murray, McDonald, No. 491 Well (382) 196-7, 344 Murray, Thomas, No. 1 Well (384) '. 196-7 Murray, Thomas, No. 474 Well (385) 196-7, 345 Musgrave, Mr 505 Myers, Abram, Mine (125) 533 Me McAnainey, Owen, No. 1 Well (377) 196-7. 342 McBride, Wm.. Mine (27) 117 McBride, Wm., No. 1964 Well (503) 200-1, 391-2, 534 McCaa Coal Co. Mine (178) 501, 551. 594, 596 McCaa Mine (178) 501, 551 McCall, Henry, No. 1539 Well (386) 196-7, 345 McCartney, Elizabeth, Mine (253)^.576 McCartney, J. A 585, 586 McCartney, t. A., Mine (270) 589 McCauley, Tohn A.. No. 3026 Well (446) ". " 198-9. 366 McCluster, J. M., No. 1874 Well (229) .' 190-1, 295 Page. McCluster, Morgan, Mine (523)... 523 McCord, Daniel, Mine (258) 582, 595, 597 McCoy, J. O., No. 1 Well (769).... 95-6, 440-1, 485, 589 McCray, D. A., No. 2034 Well (453) . . . ; 198-9, 369 McCray, J. H., No. 1 Well (366)... 194-5, 338 McCray, Robert, Mine (214) 562, 595, 596 McCudden, Kinley, No. 1307 Well (461) 198-9, 374-5. McCudden, Wm., No. 2831 Well (457) 198-9, 372-3 McCutcheon, C. W., No. 1 Well (409) 196-7, 352 McCutcheon, C. W., No. 6 Well (411) 196-7 McDaniel, Bessie, Quarry 142 McDaniel Farm, Carbon Black Plant 615 McDonald, Mary, No. 2595 Well (574) 202-3, 424 McDonald, Ralph, No. 1 Well (490) 198-9 McDonnell, M. & B., No. 2 Well (253) 192-3 McDonnell, M. & B., No. 5 Well (250) 192-3, 302 McDonnell, M. & B., No. 6 Well (254) 192-3 McGary, W. B., No. 1 Well (74) 186-7, 232-3 McGinnis, Mrs. John, Exposure 145 McKinley-Barth, Well No. 488 (120) 186-7, 259 McKinley, F. M.. No. 1 Well (159) 188-9, 275 McKinley, F. M., No. 1 Well (196) 190-1 McKinley, F. M., No. 2 Well (201) 190-1 McKissic, Wilson, Mine (262) 583, 595, 597 McLaughlin, T., No. 2012 Well (368) 194-5, 338 McNair, L. W., Heirs, No. 1 Well (738) 440-1, 481 McNair L. W., Heirs. No. 2 Well (740) 440-1, 482 McOuain, A. M., Mine (238) 569 McOuain, H. L., Mine (242) 570, 595, 597 McOuain, O. C. No. 1 Well (680) ...438-9, 464 McOuain, "O. C., No. 2 Well (674) 438-9, 460-1 McOuain O. C., No. 3 Well (679) 438-9, 464 McWhorter, E. S.. No. 907 Well (11) 45, 46-7, 184-5, 210 McWhorter, Margaret, Mine (107). 529 McWhorter, May, No. 2593 Well (48) 184-5, 221 McWhorter Section 45-7 102 McWnorter, Wads E., No. 1 Well (13) 184-5, 211 N Natural Gas and Petroleum: Chanter X 174-499 Horizons 174-7 Prospective Areas 250-1, 334-5, 405-6, 421. 433, 451-2, 466, 484, 497-8 INDEX. Page. Natural Gas and rtPeoleum: Productive Sands 177-181 Rock Pressures 499 Well Records, Summarized, Gil- mer Co 436-441 Well Records, Summarized, Lewis Co 182-203 Wells Recording Coals, Lists of.. 182-203, 436-41, 514, 534, 565. 571-2, 575, 579, 589, 591-2 Neely & Sparling 202 Nelson, Oscar 6l4 Newberne Oil Pool 446-7 Newberne Section 80-1, 102 Newberry, J. S 151 Nicholas, Nancy, No. 1 Well (668) 177, 436-7, 460 Nicholson, W. A., No. 2408 Well (734) 438-9 Nolan, C. J., No. 1988 Well (442).. 198-9, 365 Nolan. C. J., No. 1988 Well (447) 198-9, 366-7 Normal School, State 16-19 Norman, Richard N., Mine (67).... 520 Norman, Richard N., No. 1 Well (60) 184-5, 526-7 Normantown Coal 69, 132, 143, 294. 303, SOS Normantown Section 96-7, 102 Norris. Geo. & Spillman, No. 1 Well (118) 186-7, 257-8 Norris, John W., No. 40 Well (124) 188-9, 268 Norris, T. S.t No. 2 Well (118A)... 186-7, 258 Norris, Milton, No. 1 Well (689)... ....85, 86-7, 434, 438-9, 466 572. 592 No. 2 Gas? Coal 167, 503 Nuttall Sandstone 168 Nutter, Josiah, Heirs, No. 4007 Well (616) 436-7. 444. 572 O O'Brien, Daniel U., No. 1 Core Test (759) 507, 509 O'Hara & Story 202 O'Hara. Wm 438 Ohio Geological Survey 150 Ohio River Terrace 32 Oil & Gas, Early History 181-2 Oil & Gas Horizons 174-7 Oil and Gas Well Records. Summa- rized 182-203, 436-441 Ordinarv County Roads 6 Orieinal Timber Conditions 612. 613 Orlando Anticline 40 Orlando Limestone • 69. 92. 132, 147-8, 623 Orlando Section 69-70 102 Osborne Heirs, No. 3536 Well (313A) 194-5. 319 Otter District (Braxton) : Uniontown Coal 119 Well Records 440-1. 485 Paee References to Description of Coal Mines 596-7 Paleontology 61 6.620 Paleozoic 44 Parkersburg & Staunton Turnpike. .. .5 Parsley, Wallace, Mine (65) 52 520 Parsley, Wallace, Mine (131)... 55, 638 Page Patterson, W. E 223 Pearcy, Albert, No. 1 Well (770).. 440-1, 486 Peerless Sandstone 167 Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Co 184, 206 Pennsylvanian 44, 101-2 Permo-Carboniferous 44 Personal Property Valuation, Gilmer.15 Personal Property Valuation, Lewis.. 8 Peters. L. L. D., Mine (173) 550, 594, 596 Peters, L. L. D., No. 1 Well (415) 196-7 Peterson, Chas., No. 1 Well (652). 436-7 Peterson. Clara, Mine (70) 521 Peterson, Clara, No. 3542 Well (54) 184-5, 223-4 Peterson, D. T., No. 1 Well (69) . . 186-7, 230 Peterson, James, No. 1 Well (70) . . 186-7, 230 Peterson, John, No. 1 Well (71)... " 186-7. 230 Peterson, John P., No. 3422 Well (72) 186-7, 230-1 Peterson, N., No. 1984 Well (512).. 200-1, 394, 534 Pethtel, W. H 343 Petroleum & Natural Gas: Chapter X 174-499 Horizons 174-7 Productive Sands 177-81 Prospective Areas 250-1, 334-5, 405-6. 421. 433, 451-2, 4fi6, 484, 497-8 ' Well Records, Summarized 182-203, 436-441 Phillips, Hazen, No. 2658 Well (561) 179, 200-1, 422 Phillips, Hazen, No. 2659 Well (560) 200-1, 421 Physical Tests of Stone 609 Physiographic Changes 21-3 Physiography and History (Part I) . 1-32 Physiography (Chapter II) 21-32 Pickens, A. B., Mine (280) 590 Pickens & Vandervort, No. 1 Well (606) 74, 76, 202-3, 432 Pickens Branch, B. & O. R. R. . .4, 630 Pickens Heirs, No. 1 Core Test (684) 507 Pine Creek Limestone. . .132. 156, 624-5 Piney Fork Oil Co 438 Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co 184, 186, 188, 190, 194, 196, 198, 200, 225, 226, 227, 229, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 258, 277, 278. 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 294, 295, 297. 301, 302, 322, 329, 331, 338, 340, 346, 347, 349, 354, 355, 356. 357, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 372, 374, 376, 377, 383, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 398. 399, 401, 403. 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 436. 438, 440, 443, 444, 477, 478, 494 Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co. Quarry ....147 Pittsburgh Coal 34, 36, 112, 129-30, 503, 535-57, 553. 594-5 Pittsburgh Coal... (See Minable Coals') Pittsburgh Coal, Intervals Above and Below 3« Pittsburgh Coal. Lines of Disappear- ance 553 INDEX. 649 Page Pittsburgh Coal, Little 47, 50, 61, 64, 67, 131, 134, 135, 136-7, 225, 355. 387, 389, 402, 460, 463, 503, 508 Pittsburgh Limestone, Upper 53. 131, 136 Pittsburgh Red Shale 132, 152-3, 154 Pittsburgh Reds. 70, 132, 152, 152-3, 154 Pittsburgh Sandstone 49, 57 Pittsburgh Sandstone, Lower 60, 66, 69, 77, 84, 86, 89, 94, 95, 97, 99, 131, 134-5 136, 503, 509 Plants, Brick & Tile 59S-605 Platt, Franklin 131, 163 Platt, Sarah, No. 2423 Well (524)... 200-1, 399 Pleistocene 44 Pocono Sandstones 44, 101-2 Polar Mine (43) 501, 502, 515 Polk Creek, Description 24, 25, 27 Population, Gilmer County 14-15 Population, Lewis County 7 Post, A. B 20b Post & Hall, No. 1 Well (17). 184-5, 212 Post. C. J.. No. 1 Well (18).. 184-5, 212 Post, E. "W.. No. 1 Well (1) 184-5, 205, 571 Post, George, Mine (236) . .569, 595. 596 Post-Offices 8, 16 Post, W. F., No. 1 Well (5) 184-5, 207, 571, 589 Post, W. F., No. 2 Well (6) 184-5, 207-8, 571, 589 Postal Service. Gilmer Co 15-16 Postal Service," Lewis Co 8 Pottsville Conglomerate 165-173 Pottsville Series: Chapter IX 165-173 Description of Formations. .. .169-173 Fossils 625-6 General Description 165-7 General Section 167-8 Minable Coals 590-2 Thickness 101-2 Powell Heirs, No. 3125 Well (622) . . 436-7, 446 Powellton? Coal .167. 503 Power, Water 609-11 Powers, B. C, Mine (275) 587, 595, 597 Powers, Brooks, Mine (283) 591 Powers. G. W.. Mine (268) 585 Pratt. Floyd L., No. 1 Core Test (358) 194-5, 505 Pratt, Messrs 148 Present Development, Clay Industry. 598-605 Present Timber Conditions. .612, 613-14 Pressures. Table of Rock 499 Price, W. A 73. 74, 147, 151, 163, 168, 169, 585, 616 Priest, Edward, No. 1 Well (510)... 200-1, 393-4. 534 Priest, Edward, No. 2 Well (509). 200-1 Production, Coal, by Mines 501 Production. Coal, Order by Counties Lewis and Gilmer 501 Production, Coal. Statistics 500-1 Productive OH & Gas Sands 177-181 Products. Gilmer County 15 Products. Lewis County 8 Property Valuation, Gilrner Co 15 Property Valuation. Lewis Co... 8 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas: Center District (Gilmer) 497-8 Collins Settlement (Lewis) 433 Page Prospective Oil & Gas Areas: Courthouse District (Lewis) 405-6 Dekalb District (Gilmer) 466 Freemans Creek Dist. (Lewis) . .334-5 Glenville District (Gilmer) 484 Hackers Creek District (Lewis) .250-1 Skin Creek District (Lewis) 421 Troy District (Gilmer) 451-2 Puffenbarger, Addison, No. 1289 Well (241) 190-1, 300 Puffenbarger, Sarah, No. 2864 Well (319) 194-5 Pulliam, Hiram 440 Pump Stations 19 Pumphrey, Henry, No. 1999 Well (434) 196-7, 361-2, 572. 575. 592 Pyson, Isaac, Mine (141) 540 Buakertown Coal 361 uantity of Coal Available: Bakerstown 571-3, 592 Elk Lick 564-5, 592 Lower Kittanning 589-590, 592 Pittsburgh 557, 592 Redstone 533-5, 592 Upper Freeport 573-5, 592 Upper Kittanning 577-9, 592 Washington 513-514, 592 Quarries. Sandstone 109, 113, 121, 125, 137-8, 140-2. 146-7, 149, 155, 157, 607-8 Quarries. Sandstone. List of 607-8 aternary 44 )ueen, Ira. Mine (59) 50, 519 ligg-Canton, No. 483 Well (381) . . . 196-7, 343-4 Radabaugh, Granville, Mine (210).. 561 Radabaugh, Granville, Quarry 147 Radabaugh. John G., No. 2588 Well (571) 179, 202-3 Radabaugh, Mary E., No. 1 Well (681) ." 438-9, 464 Rafferty, Timothy, No. 3495 Well (373) 194-5, 340 Railroad Levels 630 Railroads, Electric 5 Railroads. Steam 3-5 Ramsburg, J. H.. No. 3515 Well (99) 186-7, 243, 571 Ramsbur? Well No. 1 (719) 438-9 Range and Distribution of Fossils... 626-7 Rastle, Conrad, No. 1 Well (272). 192-3 Rastle, Conrad. No. 2 Well (271)... 192-3. 307 Rastle, John. No. 1 Well (273) 182. 192-3, 290, 307-8 Rastle, John. No. 2 Well (277) 192-3, 309 Ratliff. Wade. Mine (157) .546, 594, 596 Raulston. Tohn. No. 1 Well (664). 436-7 Raven Carbon Co 184, 186, 188, 211, 242. 260, 614, 61S Ravenswpod. Spencer & Glenville Turnpike 5-fi Real Estate Valuation. Gilmer Co... 15 Real Estate Valuation, Lewis Co 8 Records, Well, Detailed (Gilmer)... 442-498 Records, Well. Detailed (Lewis) .204-433 Records. Well, Summarized (Gilmer) 436-441 Records. Well. Summarized (Lewis). . . .184-203 650 INDEX. Page Records, Core Test Borings (Gilmer) 506-9 Records, Core Test Borings (Lewis) ! 504-6 Red Shale: Birmingham 132, 149, 151 Clarksburg 52, 132, 142, 144-5 Creston...57, 80, 94, 95, 104, 105, 107 Pittsburgh 70, 132, 152-3, 154 Redstone Coal. 112, 124, 503, 515-35, 594 Redstone Coal (See Minable Coals) Redstone Limestone 46, 49. 58, 112, 126-8, 522, 526, 536, 538, 539, 543 Reed, Andrew, Heirs, Mine (29)... 117 Reed, Arthur 615 Reed Gas Station 258-9 Reed, W. A., No. 1 Core Test (761) 507 References to Description of Coal Mines 596-7 Reforestation, Areas Suitable for.... 613, 614 Reger, Clyde, Mine (220). 564, 595, 596 Reger Heirs, Mine (246) 570 Reger, I. S., No. 1 Well (3).. 184-5, 205 Reger. M. M 224 Reger, M. M., Mine (52) 518 Reger, M. M., Mine (199) 136 Reger, M. M., No. 2907 Well (38).. 184-5, 217-18 Reger, Mr. (Asst. P. M., Weston) 8 Reger, Wm., No. 2045 Well (62)... 184-5, 227-8 Register of Localities 628-9 Relief, Gilmer County 14 Relief, Lewis County 7 Representing Structure, Method of. 33-6 Reserve Gas Co 54, 60, 186, 188. 190, 194, 196, 198, 241, 24.7, 249, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 286, 297, 298, 299, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 334, 343, 344, 345, 346. 373, 378, 380, 381, 383, 385 Residual Clay 605 Resources, Mineral (Part III) . .174-615 Revere Oil Co 438 Revere Oil Pool 459 Rexroad, Isaac, No. 3586 Well (317) Rexroad, James A., Mine (278) .... . . 588, 595, 597 Reynolds, Trios. R., No. 1 Core Test (399) 505 Reynolds, T. R., No. 1 Well (400) . . Rhodes'. 'A'. ' W.',' No.' is'sV Well 6w) ~* 184-5, 224 Rhodes, Chas. W., No. 468 Well (174) Rhodes, Josenh, Mine (183)... ...554 Rhodes, W. E., No. 3514 Well (55) . . Richwood Branch, B. & 6. R. R '. '. . Riddel, Samuel,' 'NO', 'l 'Well' (656) .' . . ° Page Riley, James 615 Riley, Margaret, No. 1985 Well (456) 198-9, 372 Riley, M. B., No. 2 Well (318) ... 194-5 Riley, M. B., No. 1930 Well (246) . . 190-1, 302 Rinehart & Beeghley 186, 256 Rinehart, Burgett 540 Rinehart, Early 465 Rinehart, John, Mine (50) 518 Rinehart, Lloyd, et al 438 Rittenhouse, Henry, Heirs. Quarry. 149 Rittenhouse, S. O., No. 2601 Well (541) 200-1, 405 River and Creek Gravel 606 River Terraces 31-2 Road Material 60«-7 Roads, Mileage of 6 Roads, Ordinary County 6 Roane & Smith 186 Roane, J. C 228, 233 Roane, J. C, No. 1 Well (77) 186-7, 233-4, 571 Roanoke Section 67-8, 1 Ofc Roanoke Syncline 42-3 Robinette, Geo., No. 1 Well (731) . . . 438-9, .480 Robinette, Geo., No. 2 Well (732) . . . Robinette Oil Co 438 Robinson, C. N., No. 311 Well (162) .n.587 Right Fork of Little Kanawha River Right Fork' oif ' Monong'ahela ' River26' . 3° Ril'ey. A. j'., No."4269"Weli (167^'. *"! ........................ 188-9, 277-8 Robinson Syncline 40-1 Rock Pressures, Table of 499 Rocks, Stratified, Thickness of... 101-2 Rogers, G. Melvin, No. 1 Core Test (359) 505 Rogers, H. D Ill, 112, 124, 158 Rogers, S. B., No. 2187 Well (646) . . 436-7, 453 Rogers, W. B 169 Rohr, J. B., No. 471 Well (347) 194-5, 330 Rohrbaugh, A. A., No. 3507 Well (237) 190-1, 299 Rohrbaugh, John G., No. 2588 Well (571) 202-3, 423 Rollyson, A. M., Mine (215) 562 Rollyson, W. C, No. 1 Well (788) . . 440-1, 492 Rombach, John, No. 1 Well (63) 186-7, 228 Romine, H. W., No. 1 Well (170). 188-9 Romine, R. F., No. 1 Well (369)... 194-5, 338 Rooney, J. C., Mine (142) 540, 594, 596 Rosedale Basin 42 Rosedale Oil Pool 491-2 Rosedale Section 99-100, 102 Rose-dale Sands, Gas and Salt 178 Ruddel, Tames C., No. 1 Well (692). ' 438-9, 467 Ruddel, R L., Heirs, No. 1 Well (611) 436-7, 442 R. F. D. Routes, Gilmer Co 16 R. F. D. Routes, Lewis Co 8 Rush, Peter, No. 4004 Well (441)... 198-9, 365 Rush Run, Description 25, 27 Rush Run Sandstone 56, 78, 104, 105, 106 Ryan, W. T., Mine (104) 528 Ryan, W T., No. 7011 Well (438).. " 196-7. 363 INDEX. 651 S Page Salt Sand 36 Salt Sand of Rosedale 178, 491 Saltsburg Sandstone 47, 66, 70, 82, 86, 132, 154, 155, 156, 176 Saltlick District (Braxton) Well Rec- ords 202-3, 438,9, 440-1, 481 Sand Fork (stream) .. .24, 25, 26, 27, 29 Sand Fork (town) 15, 19 Sand Fork Section 87-8, 102 Sands, Productive, Oil and Gas.. 177-81 Sandstone: Arnoldsburg 120 Buffalo 156-7 Cedarville 93, 124 Clarion 164 Cleveland 172-3 ' Connellsville 137-8 Decota 168 Eagle 168 Gilboy 113 Graf ton 149-150 Homewood 36, 169 Hundred 106 Tane Lew 153-4 Follytown 106 Lower Coalburg 171 Lower Connellsville 140-2 Lower Connoquenessing 168 Lower Freeport, Lower Division. 162-3 Lower Freeport, Upper Division. 162-3 Lower Mahoning 158-9 Lower Marietta 107-3 Lower Pittsburgh 134-5 Lower Sewickley 123 Mannington 108-9 Morgantown 145-7 Nuttall 168 Peerless 167 Rush Run 106 Saltsburg 155 Uniontown 113-14 Upper Chilton 75, 167, 172-3 Upper Coalburg 170 Upper Freeport 162 Upper Gilbert 168 Upper Mahoning 158-9 Upper Marietta 106-7 Upper Sewickley 120-1 Waynesburg 109-10 Weston 124-6 Sandstone Quarries 109, 113, 121, 125, 137-8, 140-2, 146-7, 149, 155, 157, 607-8 Sandy, Taylor, No. 1 Well (518). 200-1 Sandy, Z. T., No. 2694 Well (519).. 200-1, 396 Schafer, G. A 12 Schell, Geo. W 264 Scott, Thos., No. 1 Well (612) 436-7, 443 Second Cow Run Sand 177-8 Second Geological Survey of Pennsyl- vania 155, 156, 157 Sections, General : Allegheny Series 160-1 Alum Bridge 60-1, 101 Alum Bridge, 2.5 Mi. N. E 133-4 Bablin 71-3, 101 Baldwin 84, 101 Bealls Mills 62, 101 Bennett 95-6, 101 Berlin 36, 48-9, 101 Brownsville 64-6, 101 Burnsville 92-3, 101 Camden 58-9, 101 Cedarville 94, 101 Page Sect.ons, General: Center District 93-100 Churchville 56, 101 Cleveland 36, 75-6, 101 Collins Settlement District .67-76 Conemaugh Series 131-2, 133-4 Conings 78, 101 Copley 36, 63, 101 Courthouse District 62-6, 105 Coxs Mills 79, 101 Crawford 36, 101 Deanville 51-3, 101 Dekalb District 81-4 Dry Fork 105 Dunkard Series 104, 105 Freemansburg 36, 54-5, 101 Freemans Creek District 53-61 Gaston 36, 51, 101 Gillooly 63, 101 Gilmer County 76-100 Glenville 85-7, 101 Glenville District 84-93 Hackers Creek District 45-53 Hurst 36, 56-8, 101 Ireland 134 Jackson Mill 133 Jackson Mill (by Price) 62± Tane Lew 36, 47-8, 102 Jewell 70-1. 102 Latonia 83-4, 102 Lewis County 45-76 Lorentz 50, 102 Monongahela Series 112 McWhorter 45-7, 10* Xewberne 36, 80-1, 102 Normantown 96-7, 102 Orlando 36, 69-70, 102 Pottsville Series 167-8 Roanoke 36, 67-8, 102 Rosedale 36, 99-100, 102 Sand Fork 87-8, 102 Skin Creek District 66-7 Standingstone Run 98, 102 Stonecoal 66, 102 Stouts Mills 36, 89-91, 102 . Stumptown 36, 97-8, 102 Summary of 100-102 Tanner." 36, 81-3. 105s Troy 77. 102 Troy District 76-81 Vadis 60, 102 Vandalia. 36, 66-7, 102 Weston 36, 53-4, 102 Wildcat 73-4, 102 Service, Postal, Gilmer County. . .15-16 Service, Postal, Lewis County 8 Sewickley Coal 82, 112, 121-2, 339. 447, 456, 458, 464. 468. 503 Sewickley Limestone 84, 89, 112, 123, 508 Sewickley Sandstone, Lower 84, 92, 112. 123 Sewickley Sandstone, Upper 45, 49, 50, 51, 54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63. 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 77, 82. 84. 85, 87, 89. 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98. 99, 112, 120-1, 122, 133, 506, 509 Shaffer, T. S., Mine (36) 119 Shaffer, j. S., No. 1774 Well (651) . . 436-7, 455 STiale : Ames 150-1 Annabelle 114 Birmingham Red 132, 149. 151 Brush Creek 157-8 Cassville Plant 110 Clarksburg Fire Clay 139-140 652 INDEX. Page Page Shale- Smith, Lloyd, Mine (111) ......... 530 " Clarksburg Reds ................. 14* Smith, T. A., No. 1 Well (50) ..... Creston Reds ...107 ..................... 184-5, 222, 565 Eagle ........... 163 Smith, T. G., No. 1 Well (375) . . .194-5 Kanawha Black Flint ............ 139 Smith, Capt. Thomas ................ 3 Pittsburgh Red... ............ 152-3 Smith, Thomas, et al ..... 186, 429, 430 Pittsburgh Reds ................ 152-3 Smith, Thos.', Well (78) ......... 186-7 Thornton Fire Clay .............. 159 Smith, W. W., No. 1 Well (97) ... 186-7 Uffineton ................... 159 Snaith & Wilson ... 69, 70, 202, 438, 480 Washington Fire Clay ........... 108 Snodgrass, C. C., No. 2 Well (640). Weston ....................... 128-9 .......................... 436-7, 449 Shale Available .................. 605-6 Snodgrass, C. N., No. 1 Well (789) ., Sharon? Coal ................. 168, 503 ............................... 440-1 Shaw. Newton, No. 1 Well (132) . . . Snodgrass, Pauline E., No. 1 Well ............... 188-9, 263-4, 572, 579 (795) ..................... 440-1, 493 Shay, Bartlett, Mine (94).. 526, 594, 596 Snodgrass. Pauline E., No. 2 Well Shay, John, Heirs, No. 1 Well (520) (796) ................ 440-1, 494, 589 .......................... 200-1, 397 Snodgrass, W. C., Mine (30) ....... Sherman District (Calhoun) Well ....................... 118, 594, 596 Records... 97-8, 440-1, 465, 489, 498 Snyder & Waggoner ............... 184 Shinnston Syncline ................. 41 Snyder, Henry, No. 932 Well (231) . . Shock, Eli ......................... 489 .......................... 190-1, 296 Shock, Eli, Mine (192)... 555, 595, 596 Snyder, John, No. 1 Well (602) ____ Shock, Eli, No. 1 Well (783) ........ .......................... 202-3, 431 ..................... 434, 440-1, 489 Snyder, J. P. & H., No. 36 Well (138) Shock, Eli, No.' 2 Well (784) ........ .......................... 188-9, 266 ...................... 434, 400-1, 489 Snyder, Rex, Mine (186) .. 554, 595, 596 Shock, T. V., No. 1 Well (786) ..... 440-1 492 575 South Penn Oil Co ................. Shoulders "F" M" Mine' (108) ' 529 42, 95, 98, 181, 186, 188, 190, 192, **.,* '«. •*. *, i wU ><«£ : i«. s iz |s». .». R »., s. SSffftS S$a vw;r' m JS 8S !£ &0: & & £: Hi: 190-Y 298 342, 351. 352, 353, 354, 356. 358, 436, Simmons,' 'ir'a',' No.' l' We'll '(244) . .190-1 438, 440, 443, 444, 445, 447, 448, 456, Simons, Charles, Mine (114) ....... 530 457, 465, 467, 470, 471, 472, 473. 474, Simons George, No. 1 Well (549) . . . 475, 476, 481, 482, 487, 490, 491, 495, .......................... 200-1, 409 496, 497 Sims, W. B ....................... 552 Southern Oil Co ..................... Singleton. J. J .................... 410 ..... 182, 196, 198, 359, 382. 425, 438 Sinking Creek, Description. . .24, 25, 29 Sparling & Neely .................. 202 Sixth Sand ........................ 181 Sparling, Geo. C. & Co ............ 202 Skin Creek District (Lewis) : Spaur, G. C., No. 2493 Well (544) . . Area ............................. 7 .......................... 200-1, 407 Coals ........... (See Minable Coals) Spicer, Elliott, No. 1 Well (757) General Sections ................ 66-7 .......................... 440-1, 483 Population .. ..................... 7 Sponaugle, G. A., No. 1 Core Test Prospective Oil & Gas Areas ..... 421 (763) ........ 507 Well Records. . .............. 406-20 Sponaugle, G. A., No. 2 Core Test Skin Creek, Description ...... 24, 25, 27 (764) ........................... 507 Stan Creek Gas Station ............ 406 Spurgeon, Chas., No. 4246 Well (614) Skinner, C. H., No. 3601 Well (511) ....... .............. 436-7, 443, 451 Small, Mary J., No. 3479 Well (185)' Stagier, Leopold,' No! 'l ' We'll ' (270) '. . ... ................. 190-1.282-3,514 192-3 306 Smith, A. M., No. 1911 Well (67)... Stadl'er. Leopold,' No! 2 ' Well' (268). . c ••' L- -~ • • ; • • • vv: ..... 186'7' *29- 571 ........................ 192-3- 305-6 c"1!^' C.,harleSl Mme (64> ......... 52° Stalnaker, Elias, Mine (96) ........ 527 Smith, Charles. Mine (130) ........ 538 Stalnaker, E. M., No. 1 Well (540). Smith, Christian. No. 1 Core Test 200-1 405 c -H8)^i- ..... \V- • • • ; ...... 438'9' 507 S-talnaker Heirs, Mine (112 A) ...... 530 Smith, Clinton Mine (66) ......... 520 Stalnaker, T. H., Mine (113) ....... 530 Smith, E. W., Jr., Well No. 4111|6(779)34 Stalnaker, T. S., No. 2619 Well (49) Smith, Ceo! Li No.' V Core' T<« (744)" Stan'd'ingst'one 'Run' Section .' ! **'. 98 fVol Smith! a W.;'No:'2574 Wen'^:^ &$£ Geo^^ S &&$$« SmS ']ife '^{ 8$ (^°5^ ™ Sti«he;; J. ' C,' No; 'I' Well ' (303^ . ™ *a:!«: * w3 g&>™r ''-™ : WelV INDEX. 653 Page Starcher, U. F., No. 230 Well (307) 192-3, 318 Starcher, W. S., Mine (57) 519 Starcher, W. S., No. 1 Well (37)... 184-5, 217 Starcher, W. S., No 1 Well (42). 184-5 Starcher, W. S., No. 2571 Well (40) 184-5, 21b Stark, Edith, No. 3504 Well (355).. ...194-5, 333 Stark, Henry, No. 3503 Well (354).. 194-5, 333 State Auditor 8, 15 State Board of Control 10, 17 State Hospital, Weston 10-11 State Normal School, Glenville ... 16-19 State Road Engineer ..6, 129, 153, 599, 600, 602, 603. 609 Statistical Tables, Glenville Normal . . 18-19 Statistics of Coal Production 500-1 Steam Railroads 3-5 Steele & Allman Oil & Gas Co 184 Steele, Dr. S. M., Collins, et al 188 Steer Creek, Description 24, 25, 28 Stevenson, J. J 39, 108, 111, 120, 123, 126, 137, 145, 149, 155 Stewart Creek, Description. . .24, 26, 29 Stewart, John, Mine (72) 521 Stewart United Oil Co 192 Stockton Coal 167, 170, 503 Stockton Coal (See Minable Coals) Stone, Building 607-9 Stone, Building, Available 608 Stone, Physical Tests 609 Stonecoal Creek, Description. 24, 25. 27 Stonecoal Section 66, 102 Story & O'Hara 202 Stouts Mills Section 89-91, 102 Strahley, J. C, Mine (61) 520 Strahley, John C., No. 1 Well (86) ." 186-7, 237 Straley, C. A., No. 1 Well (191) 190-1, 285 Stratified Rocks, Thickness of 101-2 Stratified Shales. 605-6 Stratigraphy: Allegheny Series 160-4 Conemaugh Series 131-159 Dunkard Series 103-10 General Sections 44-102 Monongahela Series 111-30 Pottsville Series 165-73 Stray Sand, Gordon 180 Stream Data ,. . 23-5 Streams, Available 609-611 Structural Features 37 Structural Terms 33 Structure, Chapter III 33-43 Structure, Detailed 37-43 Structure, Method of Renresenting.33-6 Stump, A. H.. Mine (195) 556 Stump, Asa, No. 1 Well (779) 440-1 Stump, Clarence, No. 1624 Well (772) 440-1, 486 Stump, Draper, Mine (193) 556 Stump. Elihu 487 Stump, Elihu, No. 1 Well (774) 440-1, 186-7 Stump, Elliott, No. 1 Well (776) 440-1, 488, 592 Stump, Katie, No. 1 Well (780) 97-8, 440-1, 489, 498 Stump, Lemuel, Heirs, No. 1 Well (778) 440-1 Stump, Marcellus, Mine (201) 139 Stump, Marcellus, No. 2 Well (773) 440-1, 486 Stump, Marcellus, No. 1623 Well (777) 440-1, 488 Stump, Melville, No. 1 Well (781).. 440-1, 489 Stumptown Oil & Gas Co.. 97, 440, 486 Stumptown Section .97-8, 102 Summarized Records of Core Tests, Gilmer Co 507 Summarized Records of Core Tests. Lewis Co 505 Summarized Well Records, Gilmer Co 436-41 Summarized Well Records, Lewis Co 182-203 Summary, Available Coal 59JS Summary, General Sections 100-2 Summers Bros., Mine (165) 548, 594, 596 Summers, Calvin, Mine (172) 550 Summers, M. M., No. 7 Well (403) 196-7, 352 Summers, Perry, No. 1 Well (550) . . . . .' 200-1, 409-10, 589 Sutton, G. J., No. 4055 Well (85) . . . 186-7, 237 Sutton. M. L., No. 4046 Well (188) 190-1, 284 Swecker, Susan, No. 2623 Well (575) 202-3, 424 Sweeney, Domineck, Mine (8) 512 Sweeney, Domineck, Mine (20) 115 Sweeny, Peter, No. 7010 Well (726) 438-9, 478 Swisher, Mrs. Ambrose, No. 1 Well (47) 184-5 Swisher, Chas., No. 1 Well (22).. 184-5 Swisher, G. R., Mine (54) 518, 594, 596 Swisher Heirs, No. 4 Well (639)... 436-7, 449. 572 Swisher, J. B.. No. 1 Well (36) ." 48, 49, 184-5, 217 Swisher, T. Goodloe, No. 1 Well (39) 184-5 Swisher, T. L., No. 2446 Well (43) . . ." 184-5, 219 Swisher, W. IT., et al 184 Syncline: 'Grassland 41-2 Roanoke 42-3 Robinson 40-1 Rosedale Basin 42 Shinnston 41 Synclines 40-3 Tables. Showing: Areas of Drainage Basins 25-6 Coal Analyses 593-5 Coal Production by Mines 501 Coal Production by Years 501 Coal Production, Order of Coun- ties 501 Core Tests. Gilmer County 507 Core Tests. Lewis County 505 Glenville State Normal School, En- rollment 18-19 Intervals Above and Below Pitts- burgh Coal .88 Oil and Gas Horizons in W. Va..l76 Rock Pressures 499 Stream Data 23-5 654 INDEX. Page Tables. Showing: Summary of Available Coal 592 Thickness of Stratified Rocks.. 101-2 Well Records, Gilmer County. 434-41 Well Records, Lewis County. 184-203 Talbott, E. M., Mine (152) 544 Talbott, E. M., No. 1 Well (609)... 436-7, 442 Talbott, E. M., No. 1 Well (610).. 76, 77, 436-7, 442 Talbott, George P., No. 3416 Well (565) 200-1, 422 Talbott, Gordon B., No. 2657 Well (564) 200-1, 422 Talbott, Lloyd, No. 1 Well (172). 188-9 Talbott, Perry. Mine (155) 545 Tanner Creek, Description 24, 25, 28 Tanner Oil & Gas Co 81, 436, 456 Tanner Section 81-3, 102 Taylor, C. A., No. 1 Well (489).... 198-9, 383 Taylor. Charles, Mine (71) 521 Taylor, Chas. A., No. 1 Well (143) 188-9 Tavlor, Chas. A., No. 2 Well (142) ." 188-9 Taylor, C. S., No. 2620 Well (51) 184-5, 223 Taylor. Ira, Mine (106) 52!, Taylor, Pal, Mine (105) 529 Taylor, W. G., No. 2056 Well (88) 186-7, 23S Teets. D. D., Jr 516 Terms, Structural 33 Terraces, River ». 31-2 Tests. Brick 599-604 Tests, Physical, of Stone 609 Teter. David, No. 1214 Well (471) 198-9, 378 Thickness of Stratified Rocks 101-2 Thirty-foot Sand 180 Thomas Gas Station 264-5 Thompson, J. Perry 504, 506 Thompson, W. L., No. 1 Well (699) 43S-9 Thornton Fire Clay 159 Thrash, Jane. Well (116) 186-7 Tierney Bros., Exposure 127 Tierney, Tohn No. 1 Well (263) " 192-3, 304 Tierney, John, No. 2 Well (264).. 192-3 Tile Plants 598-605 Timber Conditions, Original 612-13 Timber Conditions, Present 612, 613-14 Tims, Michael, No. 1 Well (521) 200-1. 397-8 Topographic Features 31 Towns & Industries, Gilmer Co... 16-19 Towns & Industries, Lewis Co 9-13 Transportation 2-6 Transported Clay 605 Travis Glass Co". 12 Trippett Oil & Gas Co 184, 211 Troy District (Gilmer): Area 14 General Sections 76-81 Population ». . .15 Prospective Oil & Gas Areas. . .451-2 Uniontown Coal 117-18 Well Records 436-7. 442-51 Troy. Description 19 Troy Oil & Gas Co 76, 436 Troy Section 77 103 Tunstill, Stokes, No. 1 Well (136).'.. TunsYilY. 's'tokeV,' No.' V Well' YmV.188-9 Page Tunstill, Stokes, Sandstone Quarry. 121 Turner, C., No. 4 Well (367) 194-5 Turner, Clarissa, No. 1 Well (407... 196-7 Turner, Clarissa, No. 2 Well (408) Turner, H. M., No. 1 Well (487)... 198-9, 382 Turner, H. M., No. 2 Well (488)... 198-9, 382 Turner, J. J., No. 368 Well (493).. 198-9 Turner, John, No. 3 Well (467).. 198-9 Turner, J. S., No. 1967 Well (468) 198-9, 376-7 Turner, Marcellus, No. 1 Well (466) 198-9 Turnpikes 5-0 Twyman, J. W., No. 1 Well (794).. ..98, 99-100, 440-1, 491, 572, 575, 579 U Uffington Shale 132 159 Unconformities & Faults 43 Union District (Harrison) Well Rec- ords 186-7, 188-9 Uniontown Coal 56, 60, 78, 79, 80, 82. 95, 112, 114-19, 120, 282, 284, 288. 291, 301, 319, 339, 393, 447, 449, 452, 456, 503 Uniontown Coal, Lower 99, 339, 354, 444 Uniontown Sandstone 49, 50, 51, 56, 57, 60, 62, 63. 64, 69, 67, 69, 77, 78, 79, 80. 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 92, 94. 97, 98, 99, 112, 113-14, 115, 117, 118, 119, 176 UniorUown Limestone 112, 120 U. S. Bureau of Mines 593 U. S. Bureau of Soils 614 U. S. Bureau of Standards 600, 603 U. S. Census 8, 14 U. S. Department of Agriculture.... 609, 614 U. S. Geological Survey 106, 107, 113, 120, 138, 152, 163, 171, 610 U. .S. Oil Co 194, 339 U. S. War Department 3 Upper Ames Limestone 132. 150-1, 624, 626-7 Upper Chilton Sandstone. 75, 167, 172-3 Upper Coalburg Sandstone. 167, 170, 171 Upper Freeport Coal 132, 160, 161, 503. 573-5 Upper Freeport Coal (See Minable Coals) Upper Freeport Sandstone 48, 53. 63, 71, 72, 74, 80, 90, 99, 160, 162, 176 Upper Freeport Limestone 71. 74, 75, 160, 161 Upper Gilbert Sandstone 168 Upper Kittanning Coal 161, 163-4, 503, 576-9, 595 Upper Kittanning Coal (See Minable Coals) Upner Mahoning Sandstone 65. 71, 74, 75, 82, 90, 99, 132, 158-9, 176 Upner Marietta Sandstone 57. 63. 78, 79, 80, 81, 94. 95. 104, 105, 106-7 Upper Pittsburgh Limestone 53, 131, 136 INDEX. 655 Page Upper Sewickley Sandstone 45, 49, 50, 51, 54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 112, 120-1 122, 133, 506, 509 Upshur County, History of 5 Upshur County Well Records 184-5, 411-20 Upton, U. S., et al., No. 1 Well (792) 440-1, 492 Vadis, Section 60, 102 Valentine, E. L., No. 2186 Well (648) 436-7, 453 Valuation, Property, Gilmer Co 15 Valuation, Property, Lewis Co 8 Vandalia Section 66-7, 102 Vandevender & Withers 50V Vandevort & Pickens, No. 1 Well (606) 74, 76, 202-3, 432 Vandervort, E. M., No. 1 Well (135) 53-4, 188-9, 264 Van Horn, J. B., No. 1 Well (760A) 440-1, 485 Vannoy, L. S.. No. 2176 Well (645) ." 436-7, 452, 572 Varner, J. B., No. 1 Well (694).... 438-9, 467 Varner, J. B., No. 2 Well (695) 438-9, 467 Villages, Gilmer County 20 Villages, Lewis County 13-14 W Waggoner & Snyder 184 Waggoner, E. L, No. 2 Well (629).. 436-7 Waggoner, E. I., No. 5 Well (630) . . 436-7, 448-9 Waggoner, Fernando, Mine (55)... 519 Waggoner, Fernando. Mine (128) 536, 594, 596 Waggoner, G. G 212 Waggoner, G. W 285 Waggoner, G. W., No. 4144 Well (192) 190-1, 286 Waggoner. J. C.. No. 1 Well (298). , 192-3 Waggoner, J. C., No. 4 Well (299) 192-3 Waggoner, Peter, Mine (60) 520 Waggoner, S. J., No. 1 Well (91).. 186-7, 239. 589 Waldeck & Casey, No. 3472 Well (328) 194-5 Waldeck. M. L., No. 2482 Well (327) 194-5, 323 Waldeck, J. V., No. 81 Well (140).. 188-9, 267 Walkersville & Ireland R. R 4-5 Walsh, Pat., No. 1 Mell (219) 190-1. 29?? Walsh, Pat, No. 2 Well (218) 190-1 Walsh, Pat, No. 3 Well (217) 190-1, 293 Walsh, Win., No. 1 Well (259) 192-3. 304 Walsh, Wm., No. 2 Well (260) 192-3 Walsh, Wm., No. 3 Well (261).. 192-3 Walsh. Wm.. No. 5 Well (258) .. .192-3 Walton, G. D., No. 1 Well (592) . . . 202-3, 431 War Eaele? Coal, Lower 168. 503 Ward. W. J.. No. 2015 Well (513).. ...200-1, 395 Page Ware, John, No. 1 Well (594) 202-3, 431 Warren District (Upshur) Well Rec- ords 184-5 Washington Coal.. 104, 108, 503, 510-14 Washington Coal.. (See Minable Coals) Washington Fire Clay Shale 57, 63, 78, 80, 82. 83, 87, 95, 104, 105, 108 Water Power 609-11 Water Resources Branch 610 Water Ways 2-3 Waters Heirs, No. 1 Well (588).... 202-3, 430, 575 Waters Heirs, No. 2 Well (587) 202-3, 430, 572 Waters Heirs, No. 3 Well (586) 70, 202-3, 429 Waters Heirs, No. 4 Well (585) .... 69-70, 177, 426, 572 Waters Heirs, No. 5 Well (730) 438-9, 480 Waters Heirs, No. 6 Well (730A) . . . 438-9, 480 Waters, Mineral 612 Watson, C. W., No. 1 Core Test (568) 505 Watson, C. W., No. 2554 Well (570) 67, 68, 202-3, 422 Watson, John B., Mine (118) 532 Watson, John B., No. 1 Core Test (566) 505 Watson, No. 1 Well (569) 200-1 Waugh, L. C, Mine (146) 541 Waugh, L. C., Mine (147) 541 Waynesburg Coal . '. 104, 112, 112-13, 503 Waynesburg Sandstone 50. 51, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 67, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95, 98, 104, 109-10 Weir Sand 179 Well Records and Prospective Areas, Gilmer Co 434-498 Well Records and Prospective Areas, Lewis Co 181-433 Well Records, by Nos.. 1 184-5, 205, 571 2 and 3 184-5. 205 4 184-5, 206 5 184-5, 207, 571, 589 6 184-5, 207-8, 571, 589 7 184-5, 208 8 184-5, 208-9 9 184-5, 209 10 184-5, 209-10 11 45, 46-7, 124-5, 210 12 184-5, 210 13 and 14 184-5, 211 15 184-5 16. 17. 18. 19 and 20 184-5. 212 21, 22, 23 and 24 184-5 25 and 26 184-5, 213 27 and 28 184-5, 214 29 184-5, 214-15 30 184-5 31 and 32 184-5, 215 33, 34 and 35 184-5, 216 30 48, 49, 184-5, 217 37 184-5, 217 38 184-5, 217-18 38A and 39 184-5 40 184-5, 218 41 184-5, 219 42 184-5 43 184-5, 219 44 184-5. 219-20 656 INDEX. Well Records, by Mo..: '. ........... 184-5, 221-8 50'". ............ 184-5, 222, 565 51, 52 and 53 ............. 184-5, 223 ..... 184-5, 223-4 54A"" .................. 184-5 55 and 56 ................. 184-5, 224 ...184-5, 225, 534 58.':: .............. 184-5, 225-6 59 and 60 ................. 184-5, 226 61 and 62 ................. 184-5, 227 .............. 186-7, 228 64'.'.'. ........... 186-7, 228, 589, 591 65 ........ 186-7, 229, 671 67 ......... 186-7, 229, 571 6g ................... 186-7, 229 69, 70 and 71 ............. 186-7, 230 72 .................... 186-7, 230-1 73' " ........... 186-7, 231-2, 589 74.': .................... 186-7, 232-3 75 ............ 186-7, 233, 589 76.:: .................... 186-7, 233 77 .................. 186-7, 233-4, 571 78 ............................. 186-7 79 and 80 ................. 186-7, 234 81 and 82 ................. 186-7, 235 83 and 84 ................. 186-7, 236 85 and 86 ................. 186-7, 237 87 and 88 ................. 186-7, 238 89 and 90 ..................... 186-7 91 .............. 186-7, 239, 589 92 ................. 47, 48, 186-7, 239 93 ............... 182, 186-7, 240, 579 94 .................. 186-7, 240-1, 571 95 ........................ 186-7, 241 96 .................. 186-7, 241-2, 571 97 ............................. 186-7 98 ................... 186-7, 242, 571 99 ................... 18,6-7, 243, 571 100 ....................... 186-7. 243 101 ...................... 186-7, 244-5 102 ................. 186-7, 245-6, 571 103 ....................... 186-7, 246 104 ....................... 186-7, 247 105 ............ 186-7, 247-8, 571, 589 106 ....................... 186-7, 249 107 ............................. 186-7 108 ................ 186-7, 249-50, 572 109 ............... ............. 186-7 110 ................... 186-7, 252, 572 111 ................. 186-7, 253-4, 572 112 ............................ 186-7 113 ...................... 186-7, 254-5 114 ............................ 186-7 115 ............. 186-7, 255-6, 572. 591 116 ............................ 186-7 117 .............. 186-7, 257, 534, 572 118 ...................... 186-7, 257-8 118A ..................... 186-7, 258 119 and 120 ............... 186-7, 259 121 ....................... 186-7, 260 122 ............................ 186-7 123 ...................... 188-9, 260-1 124 ....................... 188-9, 261 125 ............................ 188-9 126 .............. 188-9, 261, 579, 591 127 and 128 ............... 188-9, 262 129 ..................... 188-9, 262-3 130 ............................ 188-g 131 ....................... 188-9, 263 132 ............ 188-9, 263-4. 572, 579 133 ....................... 188-9. 264 Page Well Records, by Nos.: 134 51, 52-3, 188-9, 264 135 53-4, 188-9, 264 136 and 137 188-9 138 and 139 188-9, 266 140 188-9, 267 141, 142, 143 and 144 188-9 145 181, 182, 188-9, 267-8 146'. 188-9, 268-9 147 188-9, 269 148 188-9, 269-70, 534 149 and 150 188-9, 270 151 and 152 188-9, 271 153 188-9, 272, 572, 579, 591 154 188-9, 272, 565 155 188-9, 273, 589 156 188-9, 274-5 157 188-9 158 54, 55, 188-9, 273 159 and 160 188-9, 275 161 188-9, 276 162 and 163 18S-9 164 188-9, 276 165 188-9, 277, 565 166 and 167 188-9, 277 168 and 169 188-9, 278 170 188-9 171 188-9, 279 172 188-9 172 A 188-9, 279-80 173 188-9, 278 174 188-9, 280 175 188-9, 280-1, 565, 572 176 and 178 188-9 179, 180, 181 and 181A 188-9, 281 183 188-9 184 188-9, 282 185 190-1, 282-3, 514 186 and 187 190-1, 283 188 and 189 190-1, 284 190 and 191 190-1, 285 192 and 193 190-1, 286 194 and 195 190-1, 287 196, 197, 198, 199, 200 & 201.. 190-1 202 190-1, 287 203 190-1 203A 190-1, 288 204 190-1 205 190-1. 288 206 107, 190-1 207 and 208 190-1, 289 209 190-1, 288. 289 210 190-1, 290, 514 211 190-1, 290-1 212 190-1, 291 213 190-1, 291, 591 214, 215 and 216 190-1, 292 217 190-1, 293 218 190-1 219 and 220 190-1, 293 221 and 222 190-1, 294 224 56, 190-1 225 190-1 226 190-1, 294-5 227 and 228 190-1, 295 229 190-1, 295-6 230 190-1 231 and 232 190-1, 296 233 190-1, 297, 534 233A 190-1. 297-8 234 and 235 190-1, 29S 236 177, 190-1, 299, 534 237 190-1, 299 238 190-1 239 190-1, SOO 240... 190-1 INDEX. 657 Page Well Records, by Nos.: 241 190-1, 300 243 177, 190-1, 301 244 ..190-1 245 190-1, 301 246 190-1, 302 247 192-3, 302 248 and 249 192-3 250 192-3, 302 251 and 252 192-3, 303 253 and 254 192-3 255 192-3, 303 256 192-3, 304 257 and 258 192-3 259 192-3, 804 260, 261 and 262 192-3 263 192-3, 304 264 and 265 192-3 266, 267 and 268 192-3. 305 269 and 270 192-3, 306 271 192-3, 307 272 192-3 273 182, 192-3, 290, 307-8 274 and 275 192-b 276 192-3, 308 277, 278 and 279 192-3, 30D 281 56, 57-8, 178, 192-3, 310 282, 282A and 283 192-3, 310 284, 285, 287 and 287A 192-3, 311 288 192-S 289 192-3, 311-12 290 192-3, 312 291 192-3 292 and 293 192-3, 312 294, 295 and 296 192-3, 313 297 192-3, 314 298, 299 and 300 192-3 301 192-3, 314, 514 302 and 303 192-3, 315 304 192-3 305 192-3, 315 306, 307 and 308 192-3, 316 309, 310 and 311 192-3, 317 312 192-3, 318 313 194-5, 318-19 313A and 314 194-5, 319-20 316 194-5, 320 317, 318 and 319 194-5 320 194-5, 321, 575. 591 321 194-5, 321 322, 323 and 324 194-5, 322 325 194-5 326 and 327 194-5, 323 328 194-5 329 and 330 194-5, 324 331 191-5 332 and 333 194-5, 325 334 194-5 335, 336 and 337 194-5, 326 338 and 339 194-5, 327 340 and 341 194-5, 328 342 60, 61, 194-5, 329 343 194-5, 329 344 194-5 345 194-5, 329 346 and 347 194-5, 330 348 194-5 349 194-5. 331 350 194-5. 331, 572 350A 194-5, 332, 335 351 and 352 194-5, 332 353 177, 194-5, 332 354 and 355 194-5, 333 356 194-5, 334 357 and 360 194-5 361 and 362 194-5, 337 Page Well Records, by Nos.: 363 42, 194-5, 335-6 364 194-5 365 194-5, 337 366 194-5, 338 367 194-5 368 and 369 194-5, 338 370 194-5, 339 371 194-5, 339-40, 534 372 194-5 373 194-5, 340 374 194-5, 340-2 375 194-5 376 196-7 377 196-7, 342-3 378 and 379 196-7 380 and 381 .196-7. 343 382 and 383 196-7, 344 384 196-7 385 and 386 196-7, 345 387 196-7, 346 388 196-7 389 and 390 196-7, 346 391 196-7, 347 392 196-7 393 196-7, 347 394 196-7, 348, 591 395 and 396 196-7, 349 397 196-7, 350-1, 534 398 196-V 400 196-7, 351-2 401 and 402 196-7 403, 404 and 405 196-7, 352 406, 407 and 408 196-7 409 196-7, 352-3 410 196-7, 353 411 196-7 412 196-7, 353, 575 413 196-7 414 196-7 354 415 196-7 416 354 417 196-7, 355, 579 418 196-7 419 196-7, 356 420 196-7. 356. 565 421 196-7. 356-7 422 196-7, 357 423 196-7. 357. 565 424 and 425 196-7, 358 426... 196-7. 359 427 196-7 428 ' 62, 196-7. ?57 429 1 96-7, 35<» 430 and 431 196-7, 360 432 196-7, 360-1. 565 433 196-7 434 196-7, 361-2. 572 575. 592 435 196-7. 362-3 436. \ 196-7 437 and 438 196-7. 363 439 and 440 198-9, 3C4 441 and 442 198-9. 365 443 and 444 19S-9 445 198-0. 365-6 148 rind 447 198-9. 366 44R 108-0. 367 449'. '....... 198-9. 367-8. 592 450 198-0. 368 ^-1 and 452 198-9 453 109-0. 360 454! '.'.'.'.'..'....'.'.*. .108-0. 360-71. 502 4-5 456 nnd 457 10S-0. 372 •158 nnd 450 108-0. 373 459A . 198-0. 374 .fOO 108-9 374. 565 658 INDEX. Page Well Records, by Nos.: 461 I... 198-9, 374-5 462 198-9, 375 463 and 464 198-9, 376 465, 466 and 467 198-9 468 198-9, 376-7 469.'.'. 198-9, 377 470 198-9, 377-8, 534 471 and 472 198-9, 378 473 178, 198-9, 379 474! .' 198-9, 379-80 475 198-9, 380 476 58, 59, 198-9, 380, 579 477 198-9 478 198-9, 380 479 198-9, 381 480 198-9 481 198-9, 382 482, 483, 484 and 485 198-9 486, 487 and 488 198-9, 382 489 198-9, 383 490 198-9 491 198-9, 383 492 198-9, 383-5, 592 493 and 494 198-9, 385 495 and 496 198-9 497 198-9, 386-7 498 198-9, 387-8 499 and 500 198-9, 389 501 198-9, 390 502 200-1, 390-1 503 200-1, 391-2, 534 504 and 505 200-1, 392-3 506 and 507 200-1 508 200-1, 393, 534 509 200-1 510 200-1, 393-4, 534 511 200-1, 394 512 200-1, 394, 534 513 and 515 200-1, 395 516 200-1, 396, 534, 579 518 200-1, 396 519 200-1 520 and 521 200-1, 397 522 200-1, 398 524 200-1. 399 525 200-1, 399, 534 526 64-66, 200-1, 399, 579, 589 527 200-1, 400, 534 528 200-1 529 200-1, 400-1, 534 530 200-1, 401 531 200-1, 401, 534 532 200-1, 402 533 200-1, 402, 589 534 200-1 535 200-1, 403 535A 200-1, 403, 534 536 200-1, 403-4 537 and 538 200-1, 404 539 200-1, 405, 534 54o and 541 200-1, 405 542 200-1 543 200-1, 405 544, 545 and 546 200-1, 407 547 200-1, 408, 421 548 200-1, 408 549 200-1, 409 550 200-1, 409-10, 421, 589 551 200-1 552 200-1, 411-12, 421, 575, 579 553 3DO-1, 413-14, 579 554 200-1, 414-16, 572, 575, 589 555 200-1 556.. 200-1, 416-17, 421, 572, 575, 589 557 200-1 558 200-1, 418-19, 575 Page Well Records, by Nos.: 559 200-1, 419-20, 421, 572. 575 560 200-1, 421, 589 561 179, 200-1, 422 562 200-1, 422 563 73, 200-1, 422 564, 565 and 567 200-1, 422 569 200-1 570 67, 68, 202-3, 422 571 179, 202-3, 423 572 202-3, 423. 433 574 and 575 202-3, 424 576, 577 and 578 202-3, 425 579 and 580 202-3, 426 581 and 582 202-3, 428 583 202-3, 429 584 202-3 585 69-70, 177, 202-3, 426, 572 586 70, 202-3, 429 587 202-3, 430, 572 588 202-3, 430., 575 589 202-3 590 202-3, 430, 438 592. 593, 594 and 595 202-3. 431 596 167-8, 202-3, 431 597 71, 72-3, 202-3, 431 598, 599, 600 and 601 202-3, 431 602, 603, 603 A and 604 202-3, 431 605 202-3, 432 606 74, 76, 202-3, 432 607 202-3, 432 608 and 609 436-7, 442 610 76, 77, 436-7. 442 611 436-7, 442 612, 612A and 613 436-7, 443 614 436-7, 443, 451 615 436-7, 444, 451 616 436-7, 441, 572 617 78, 79, 436-7, 444, 572 618 436-7, 445 619 436-7 620 436-7, 445-fl 621 and 622 436-7, 446 623 and 624 436-7, 447 625 436-7 447-8 626 436-7. 448 627, 628 and 629 436-7 630 436-7, 448-9 631 and 632 436-7, 449 633 and 634 436-7 635 80-1, 436-7, 447, 572 636 436-7 637 436-7, 449 638 436-7 639 436-7. 449, 572 640 436-7, 449 641 and 642 436-7, 450 643 436-7, 451 644... 436-7. 45* 645 ! . .436-7, 452-3. 572 646, 647 and 648 436-7. 453 649 and 650 436-7, 454 651 436-7 45b 652 «6-7 ««.. ..81, 82-3, 434. 436-7, 455. 572 654 436-7 655 and 656 436-7. 455 657. 658, 659 and 660 436-7. 456 661 436-7. 456-7 662 .. 436-7, 457 6fi3 436-7, 458. 565 663A... 436-7. 458 664 436-7 665 436-7, 458 666 436-7, 459 667... ...177, 436-7, 459 INDEX. 659 Well Records, by Nos.: 668 177, 436-7, 460 669 438-9, 460 670 177, 438-9, 460 671, 672 and 673 438-9, 460 674 438-9, 460-1 675 438-9, 461-2 676 438-9, 462 677 438-9, 463, 592 678 438-9, 463-4, 572 679, 680 and 681 438-9, 464 682 and 683 438-9, 465 685 434, 438-9, 46& 686 ami 688 438-9, 465 689.. 85. 86-7, 434, 438-9,466,572,592 690 87, 88, 179, 438-9, 467, 572 691, 692, 694 and 695 438-9, 467 697 and 698 438-9, 468 699 438-9 700 438-9, 468-9, 572 701 438-9, 469, 572 702 438-9, 469 703 438-9 704, 705 and 706 438-9, 470 707, 708 and 709 438-9, 47i 710 438-9, 471-2 712 and 713 438-9. 472 714 438-9 715 438-9, 473, 592 716 438-9, 473 717 438-9, 475, 565 719 438-9 720 and 721 438-9, 474 722 438-9 723 and 724 438-9, 476 725 438-9, 477-8, 572 726 and 727 438-9, 478 728 and 729 438-9, 479 730, 730A, 731 and 732. .. .438-9, 480 732 A, 733, 734 and 735 438-9 736 440-1 737, 738 and 739 440-1, 481 740, 741. 742, 743 and 747. .440-1, 482 750 440-1, 483 751 440-1, 482 752 89-91, 440-1, 482 753, 755, 756, 757 and 758.440-1, 483 760 434, 440-1. 485 760A, 766 and 767 440-1, 485 769 85-6, 440-1, 485, 589 770. 771, 772 and 773 440-1, 486 774 440-1. 486-7 775 440-1, 487 776 440-1, 488, 592 777 440-1, 488 778 and 779 440-1 780 97-8, 440-1, 489, 498 781 440-1. 489 782, 783 and 784 434, 440-1, 489 785 440-1, 490, 498 786 440-1, 492, 498. 575 787 and 788 440-1, 492 789 440-1, 498 790 440-1, 492 701 440-1. 492-3, 579, 592 792 440-1. 492 793 440-1. 493 794.98, 99-100, 440-1, 491, 572. 575. 579 795 440-1, 493 796 440-1, 494, 589 797 440-1, 494-5, 579. 597 798 440-1 799 440-1, 495 800 440-1 801 440-1, 496 802 440-1, 496, 592 Well Records, by Nos.: 803 440-1, 496-7 804 440-1, 497 805 440-1 806 440-1, 497 807 440-1 Wells Recording Coals, Lists of: Bakerstown Coal 571-2 Elk Lick Coal 565 Lower Kittanning Coal 589 Mercer (Stockton) Coal 591-2 Pittsburgh Coal 182-203, 436-441 Redstone Coal 534 Upper Freeport Coal 575 Upper Kittanning Coal 579 Washington Coal 514 West, A. N 605 West, A. N., Quarry 109 West & Whiting Brick Plant 604-5 West & Whiting, Quarry 13T West Fork River 2, 23, 25, 26-8 West, Thos., No. 1 Core Test (687). 507 West, Thos. M., No. 1 Well (688) . . 438-9, 465 Westfall, N. J., No. 167 Well (376) . . Weston & Buckhannon R. R 4 Weston & West Union Turnpike 5 Weston Brick Works... 12, 128-9, 601-4 Weston Brick Works. Mine (151)... 128, 543 Weston Brick Works, Shale Analysis 128-9 Weston Carbon Co 188, 272 Weston Electric Co. No. 1 Well (533) 200-1, 402, 589 Weston Electric Light, Power & Water Co 198, 200, 402 Weston, Description 9-13 Weston, Population 7 Weston Sandstone 77, 85, 92, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 112, 124-6, 127, 128, 506, 509, 526 Weston Section 53-4, 102 Weston Shale 112, 127, 128-9 Weston State Hospital: Description 10-11, 387 Mine 525 Well No. 1 (497) 198-9, 386-7 Well No. 2 (498) 198-9, 3S7-& Well No. 3 (499) 198-9, 389 W. Va. & Pittsburgh R. R. Co... 4, 630 W. Va. Central Gas Co 47, 48, 53, 58, 184, 186, 188, 198, 200, 217, 220, 222, 226, 237, 238, 239, 240, 261, 262, 264. 275, 389 W. Va. Central Gas Co., Quarry... 140, 146 W. Va. State 198, 386, 387, 389 Whalen, Michael E., Mine (J23) 532, 594, 596 Wheeler, O. B., Mine (98) 527 Wheeler, O. B., No. 1904 Well (492) 198-9, 383-5, 592 Whetsell, Joseph. Mine (121) 532 Whipkey. Jacob, No. 2929 Well (682) 438-9, 465 White & Chidester 200, 405 White, Clark, No. 13 Well (163).. 188-9 White, Clark, No. 54 Well (193)... 190-1, 286 White, Crit '. 190, 300 White, Crit, No. 210 Well (235)... 190-1. 298-9 White. David 163, 163 66o Page White, I. C 32, 38, 103, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 120, 125, 131, 134, 136, 138, 147, 149, 152, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 168, 169, 170, 171, 175, 181, 258, 339, 431, Whft8e, Jas. R., No. 1 Well (552)... 200-1, 411-12, 575. 579 White, Luke, No. 812 Well (394) . . . . 196-7, 348, 591 White, Luke, No. 1446 Well (395).. 196-7, 349 White, Luke, No. 1604 Well (393).. . . 196-7, 347 White Luke, No. 3072 Well (464) . . 198-9, 376 White Luke, No. 4081 Well (463) . . 198-9, 376 White, Perry, Limestone Section. .126-7 White, Perry, No. 497 Well (236) . . . 177, 190-1, 299, 534 White, S. A., Carbon Black Plant... 615 White, Stark A., No. 1 Well (154) . . 188-9, 272, 565 White, Stark A., No. 2 Well (153) . . . 188-9, 272, 572, 579, 591 White. T. T., No. 1983 Well (396).. 196-7, 349 White, T. J., No. 2002 Well (390) . . . 196-7, 346-7 White, Winfred, No. 1 Well (775).. 440-1, 487 Whiting & West Brick Plant. .19, 604-5 Whiting & West Quarry 137 Wiant, Isaac, Mine (174) . .550, 594, 596 Wiant, Newton E., Mine (175) 550, 594, 596 Wiant, W. T., No. 1 Well (624) 436-7, 447 Wiant, W. T., No. 2 Well (627).. 436-7 Wildcat Section 73-4, 102 Wilfong, Charles, Mine (167) 548 Wilkins & Matych 186, 440 Williams, A. D ...6, 129, 153, 599/600, 602, 603, 609 Williams, T. B., Quarry 146 Williams, W. A 48 Wilson. A. K., No. 1 Well (598)... 202-3, 431 \Yilson, A. K., No. 2 Well (597) 71, 72-3, 202-3, 431 Wilson & Butcher 71, 202 Wilson & Hatzell 193 Wilson & Snaith 202, 438 Wil=on Heirs, No. 1 Well (739) 440-1, 481 Page Wilson, L. L., No. 1948 Well (536) . . 200-1, 403-4 Wilson, L. L., No. 4047 Well (535A) 200-1, 403, 534 Wilson, W. T ..431 Wilson, W. T.. No. 1 Well (595)... ' 202-3, 431 Wilson, W. T., No. 3 Well (596)... 167-8, 202-3, 431 Wilt, T. T., No. 2243 Well (666)... 436-7, 459 Wimer, Katy, No. 337 Well (114). 186-7 VVimer, W. W., No. 369 Well (105). 186-7, 247-8, 571, 589 Winans, Wm., No. 19 Well (233)... 190-1, 297, 534 Winifrede? Coal 167, 171-2, 503 Wise, C. G 264 Wiseman, Hoy, No. 1 Well (239)... 190-1, 300 Wiseman, Hoy, Well (240) 190-1 Withers & Vandevender. . 507 Wolf, T. W., Mine (159).. 547. 594, 596 Wolf Summit Anticline 38-9 Wolfe, Elmore 139 Wood, W. H., Estate, Mine (252).. 576 Woodall, Wm. S.. No. 3492 Well (494) 198-9. 385 Woodford, A. W., No. 1 Well (93) . . 182, 186-7, 240, 579 Woodyard, Wm., No. 2048 Well (59) 184-5, 226 Woofter, C. E., No. 1946 Well (157) 188-9 Woofter, Erma, No. 472 Well (350). 194-5, 331, 572 Woofter, H. P., No. 1 Well (619). 436-7 Woofter, M. G., No. 4228 Well (245) 190-1. 301 Woofter, O. C., No. 1803 Well (3-18) 194-5, 337 Woofter, Perry, No. 229 Well (340) . 194-5, 328 Woofter, P. R., Mine (17) 115 Woofter, Wm., No. 4229 Well (226). 190-1, 294-5 Woofter, W. M., No. 4270 Well ' (233A) 190-1, 297 Wright, Thomas G., No. 186 Well (160) 188-9, 275-6 Yates, John T.. No. 1 Well (507). 200-1 Yellow "Creek Oil Pool 459 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 001 446 920