QL 561 C8 UC-NRLF $B flOb T2D CRAMBIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA. lERNALD, CHARLES HENRY, I838-I92I, ^1 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/crambidofnorthOOfernrich The Ceambidj; of North America. C. H. FERNALD, A.M., Ph.D. Massachusetts Agricultural College, January, 18 9 6. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY THE CRAMBID J: OF NORTH AMERICA. The insects included in the family Cramhidoe are, so far as known, injurious to the grasses (Gramtnece), some living in tubular habitations which they construct near the roots, others boring into the stems of the plants on which they feed, while a few occasionally feed on plants of other families. Distribution. The species of this family are distributed very widely over the globe, but apparently are most numerous in the temper- ate zones. They are well represented in Europe and North America, and even Australia and New Zealand have a com- paratively large number of species. Injuries. These insects feed at the roots of the grasses, .and are therefore often overlooked, except where they are so abun- dant as to seriously injure the crops. They undoubtedly destroy a large amount of grass w^ithout being discovered, the injury being attributed to some other cause. Prof. F. M. Webster, entomologist to the Ohio Agricultural Experi- ment Station, wrote me, Dec. 12, 1895, that the larvae of some species of Cramhus, probably trisectus and laqueatellus, during May of that year were the most abundant and de- structive that he had ever known them to be in the West ; hundreds of acres of both corn and oats, which had been planted on spring-ploughed meadow or pasture lands, were as completely swept out of existence as if burned over, and the damage done by these insects would probably amount to several hundred thousand dollars. Professor Webster also ^f/^4, wrote that, a few years ago, the larvae of Cr ambus vulgiva- gellus ravaged the corn fields of Ashtabula County, Ohio. In 1881, the larvae of Crambus vulgivagellus devastated the fields of several counties in northern New York, and were very abundant in many other places during that year. In 1892, the larvae of Cramhus caliginosellus were reported as doing great damage to corn in Delaware and Maryland, and it is a common thing to receive these moths from the farmers in various parts of the country, stating that they are more or less abundant. Natural Enemies. Professor Lintner bred a Hymenopterous and a Dipterous parasite from these insects, and also found the predaceous beetle, Cdlosoma calidum (Fab.), destroying them, as he believed. Professor Riley also bred two difierent Hymen- opterous parasites from the larvae of (7. laqueatellus. In- sectivorous birds are known to feed freely upon these moths. Professor Webster states, on the authority of J. N. Latta of Haw Patch, Ind., that the moths of Crambus laqueatellus were destroyed in great numbers by the wood pewee ( Con- topus virens), and I have myself observed barn swallows feeding on different species of Crambus in abundance in Maine. When walking through the grass, at my home on Mt. Desert, the Crambids were *« flushed," and several swallows invariably attended us, snapping up the moths as they flew. Whenever we stopped the swallows would leave; and as soon as we started, they would return to catch the moths, often flying within a few feet of us. These observations were made during several years, and led me to conclude that farmers would do well to aflford every possible encouragement to these birds to nest in their barns, for they do a vast amount of good in destroying injurious insects while on the wing. History. The species of this family were placed by Linnaeus, in all his writings, under his genus Tinea, The authors of the '* Systematisches Yerzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wien- ergegend," published in 1776, placed them under the Tineoe, in the division of Tinece Directipaljpes. Hiibner, in his ** Sammlung europiiischer Schmetterlinge," figures the Euro- pean species under the genus Tinea. A part of the plates on which these species are represented were published in 1796. Fabricius, in the supplement to his * * Entomologia Systematica," p. 464, published Feb. 10, 1798, established the genus Crambus with sixty-two species under it, some of which do not belong to this genus and they have since been removed to other genera. Fabricius did not mention any species as the type of the genus. In Yol. III., part II., of this work, published in 1794, on p. 238, he described the species saccharalis; and, so far as I can learn, this was the first species of the family published from this country. Latreille, in his ^'Histoire Katurelle des Crustaces et In- sects," Vol. XIV., p. 247, 1805, adopts the generic name Cramhus, and places under it carnella L., pmellus L., culmellus L. and pascuellus L. The last three are still retained in the o-enus Crambus. In 1811, Haworth published part III. of his **Lepidop- tera Britannica," in which he established the genus Palpa- ria for the species usually placed under Crambus. He had previously, in part II. of the same work, used the genus Cra.mbus^ but, strange to say, he had none of the species now regarded as Crambids under it. Leach, in the article *< Entomology" in the *'New Edinburgh Encyclopaedia," published in 1815, adopted the generic name Crambus, with pineti, pascuorum and pratorum under it, and placed it as the second genus in his family Tineida. In 1817, Zincken, in Germar's ** Magazin der Entomologie," Vol. II., published his monograph of the genus Chilo, with phragmi- tellus Hub. as the first species under it, and this has been taken as the type of Chilo. Zincken included in his genus most of the species now retained under Crambus. In Vol. HI., p. 114, 1818, Zincken described C. leachellus, the hab- itat of which was -unknown, but it has since proved to be a well-known North American species; and in Vol. IV., p. 247, 1821, C. sordidellus, satrapellus, proefectellus, decorel- lus,plejadeUus, teterrellus and incertellus from South Caro- lina, and C. haytiellus from the Island of San Domingo, but I have received this last species both from San Domingo and 6 Texas. Hiibner, in his * * Yerzeichniss bekannter Schmetter- linge," did not adopt the generic name Cramhus^ but placed the species of the Crambidm under several genera, as fol- lows : Argyroteucliia, with ten species ; Eucarphia, with radiellus^fulgidellus and vineiella under it. (The first two belong to the genus Crambus, but the last belongs to the Phycitinm, and has been left as the type of Eucarphia.) Catoptria, with six species ; Agriphila, with five species ; Pediasia, with seven species ; Topeutis, with ten species ; Ero7nene, with one species, bella; 0/irysoteuchia, with two species; Thisanotia, with three species; and Exoria, with three species. This part of Hiibner's ** Verzeichniss " was published not earlier than 1822. In 1825, Curtis, in his *« British Entomology," Yol. III., p. 109, adopted pascuel- lus L. as the type of the genus Cr ambus, I am not aware that any one, previous to this time, specified any one of the species as the type, and therefore, in accordance with the rules of zoological nomenclature, this species may be regarded as such. Stephens, in his ** Illustrations of British Entomology, Haustellata," Yol. lY., p. 317, 1834, adopted the generic name Crambus, with thirty-eight species, but placed it in his family Tineid^e, In 1836, Duponchel published the tenth volume of **Histoire Naturelle des Lepidopteres," in which he adopted the genus Chilo, with, phragmitellus under it, and Crambus, with many species that properly belong there, and some others that have since been placed elsewhere. In 1840, Zetterstedt, in his **Insecta Lapponica," adopted the genus Chilo for the species now usually placed in the Grambidoe, and placed it in his family Tinearim, thus fol- lowing the plan of Zincken. In Yol. IX., part II., of '* Die Schmetterlinge von Europa,'* published in 1832, Treitschke adopted the genus Chilo, and placed gigantellus Fab., with forty-three other species, under it. In 1849, Herrich-SchafFer published' the fourth volume of his *' Schmetterlinge von Europa," in which he established the group Crambides, in which he placed all the Pyralids, including the genera Chilo, Crambus and Ancylolomia, In 1858, Christoph, in the " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," Yol. XIX., p. 313, described two species of Crambus from Labrador. In 1860, Clemens described twelve species under the genus CrambuSf in the '* Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," one of which, auratellus, belongs in the genus Arcjyria, In the same paper he published three species and placed them under the genus Chilo^ but they did not belong there, and have been more correctly placed under the genus Schoenobius, which is not now re- garded as belonging to the Crambidce, In 1863, Walker, in his ** Cat. Lep. Het.,"part XXXYII., adopted the family name Cramhidoe, with Chilo, Crambus and several other genera under it. Several North American species were described for the first time in this work, and some others were re-described. In a few cases the descriptions were made from very poor specimens, and it is not only impos- sible to determine the insects from his description, but very difficult to decide what they are from the types. In 1863, Zeller published a valuable work entitled ** Chilonidarum et Crambidarum genera et species," in which he dealt with all the described species, and published many new ones from North America, as well as elsewhere. This work, although appearing in the same year as Walker's, was not published till July, while Walker's catalogue was published in April. In 1866, Packard described two species of Crambus from Labrador, in the ' * Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History." Grote published several species, with a list, in the ** Canadian Entomologist," in 1880; and Hulst described several species in the ** Transactions of the Amer- ican Entomological Society," in 1886. In 1894, Felt published a paper '< On Certain Grass-eating Insects," which deserves more than a passing notice. In this paper, for the first time, a special study w^as made of the early stages of a large number of our species, including their habi- tations, etc. There is still much to be done in this direction,, and it is sincerely to be hoped that the work, so well begun by Mr. Felt, may be continued till we have a complete his- tory of all our species of this family. I should mention, in this connection, the work done by Forbes on the early stages of zeellus^ by Howard on saccharalis, by Miss Murtfeldt on teterrellus and by Scudder on Jiortuellus, 8 External Anatomy. The following studies were made on Cramhus laqueatellus with occasional references to the other species. The head (Plate A, figs. 1 and 2) is of moderate size, and connected with the thorax by a small neck. The compound eyes (Plate A, figs. 1-4, e) are large and hemispherical, varying some- what in outline in the difierent species. The ocelli (Plate A, figs. 1-3, o) , situated behind and near the base of the antennog, are present in most of these insects. The antemife (Plate B, figs. 15-17) have from fifty to fifty-five segments in C. laque- atellus, the basal segment being much larger than the others ; the first two are covered with scales and the others with two scale clusters each, on the upper side, while fine hairs are scattered over the remaining surface (Plate A, fig. 9, and Plate B, figs. 15-17). All except a few of the basal joints have several sense pits on each side (generally four in the male and three in the female) . These sense pits are circular in outline, guarded by a row of hairs which arise obliquely from the edge, and are located somewhat irregularly on the joints. Under a high magnifying power the antennal seg- ments appear to have a reticulated surface (Plate A, fig. 10). The epicranium is separated from the clypeus by a well- marked transverse suture just in front of the base of the antennae. The clypeus is large and convex (Plate A, fig. 3) ; in some species it is more or less swollen in the middle, while in others it is produced in the form of a cone. The cheeks occupy the lower and lateral portions of the face. The small, somewhat triangular labrum is in front of the clypeus and over the base of the tongue. The mandibles are rudimentary, and armed with bristles which extend in- ward and rest on the base of the tongue. The maxillge are developed into a sucking tube, which is called the proboscis or tongue. This organ varies in length, to some extent, in the difierent species, and is covered with scales at the basal part. When not in use it is coiled up, like a watch-spring, between the labial palpi, and concealed by them. The labial palpi have three segments, extended horizontally forward and thickly covered with scales. They vary greatly in length in the different species (Plate A, figs. 1, 2 and 3; Plate C, figs. 1, 4, 10, 12 and 16). The maxillary palpi have three segments extending forward nearly horizontally and resting on the base of the labial palpi. They are densely scaled, and at the outer end the scales form a triangle. Curtis figures the structural characters of what he calls Tinea paleella Hub. on Plate 109 of his ** British Entomol- ogy," together with Cramhus radiellus Hiib., and represents the maxillary palpus of paleella with four segments arising from the side of the tongue. Felt, in his excellent work on Cramhus^ gives a figure of the maxillary palpus of (7. agita- tellus, with four joints. The above studies were made on dry specimens, and a fourth segment could not be found. Whether it is visible in fresh specimens, I am not able to say. The maxillary palpi in dry specimens of C. laqueatellus certainly do not arise from the side of the base of the tongue, unless, in dry- ing, the tissues about the mouth-parts have so shrunken as to draw them far out on the sides, as shown on Plate A, fig. 3. Mr. Felt does not indicate the origin of the maxillary palpi in hia work. The prothorax is very small, and the upper side is divided into two parts. Scudder has given the name of prothoracic lobes to similar structures in the butterflies. The mesoscuta are large, and extend far back on each side of the large meso- scutellum. The metascuta are much smaller than the meso- scuta, and are followed behind by the metascutellum. On the forward edge of the metascutum there is an area (Plate A, figs. 1 and 2) without scales or hairs, but covered with mi- nute spines directed forward. This corresponds to a similar spiny area on the under side of the fore wing. The abdomen consists of eight segments. The genitalia of the male are often retracted to such an extent that they are not visible beyond the end of the eighth segment. No figures of these organs are given here, as Mr. Felt has already given most excellent figures of the genitalia of twenty-six different spe- cies of Cramhus, The legs (Plate A, figs. 5, 7 and 8) are of medium length and size, and consist of the coxa, which is comparatively long and stout ; the trochanter, which is of medium size ; the femur, which is of medium size and length, the middle 10 femur being the longest; the tibia, which is rather slim; and the tarsus, consisting of five segments, the last of which terminates in a pair of claws. There is a tibial epiphysis near the end of the fore tibia (Plate A, figs. 5 and 6), which is armed with bristles on the inner side. The tibia of the middle leg has a pair of spurs at the end, the outer of which is about two-thirds as long as the inner, and the hind tibia has a pair at the end and a similar pair at the outer third. The fore wings are long and narrow in most of the species, while the hind wings are broad. I have adopted in this work the old system of numbering the veins, at the risk of being considered behind the times, for the reason that, not- withstanding we have recently been given several systems or modifications of nomenclature by authors in whom I have great confidence, I must confess that as yet I am undecided which one should be taken. The old system of venation of Herrich-Schafier is shown in the wings of Crambus pascueUus (Plate B, figs. 1 and 2). The cell in the fore wings is closed, but in the hind wings it is closed in some species and open in others. The frenulum of the hind wing is single in both sexes, though there is an indication at the base that it is com- posed of several bristles fused together (Plate B, fig. 13, male, fig. 14, female). The veins terminate at the margins of the wings in a rather indefinite way, but at a short distance from the end there are two circular spots on each vein, with short irregular lines radiating from them (Plate A, fig. 11). There is a row of peculiar spines around the outer margin, which are placed at equal distances from each other and arise very near the edge of the wing (Plate A, fig. 11, s). Near the base of the hind margin of the fore wing, on the under side, is a small, oval, spiny area (Plate B, fig. 11). There are no scales on this area, but it is covered with short, sharp spines, which point toward the outer end of the wing. A portion of this area, with a few of the adjacent scales, is shown on Plate B, fig. 12. This area is so placed that when the wings are closed it rests upon the similar area on the side of the metascutum, already mentioned, and the spines on the two areas then point in opposite directions. My assistant, Mr. R. A. Cooley, a most careful and pains- 11 taking student of entomology, first discovered these spiny areas on the wings of the gypsy moth, and has since found them in a large number of our moths and also on the Tri- chojptera. In the butterflies, however, Mr. Cooley finds the scales modified in this place to such an extent that they are intermediate between spines and scales ; but in the Ptero- phoridm there are no spiny areas. So far as he has carried his studies, it would seem that they are present in those insects which close the wings in such a manner that the under side of the basal part of the hind margin of the fore wing rests on the side of the thorax ; but in those insects which do not hold the wings in this manner they do not occur, or, if present, are in a modified form. Mr. Cooley will soon publish the result of his studies. After Mr. Cooley had found the spiny area in the fore wing of the gypsy moth, I learned that Donitz had previ- ously discovered a similar area in the fore wing of Diony- chopus niveus Men. of Siberia ; but he claims to have found its counterpart on the hind wing, and considers it a musical apparatus. I do not know how DionycJiopus holds its wings when at rest, and cannot express any opinion as to the accu- racy of the observations and conclusions of Donitz ; but I am inclined to think that the insects observed by Mr. Cooley use this apparatus for an entirely different purpose. Family CRAMBIDiE. The moths included in this family are medium or rather small in size, generally of light colors. Brown, yellow and white prevail, and many of them have metallic markings on the fore wings, which are comparatively long, and in some cases narrow. These are rolled around the body when the insect is at rest, and conceal the large hind wings, which are folded beneath. The ocelli are present in most of the species. The labial palpi are porrect, nearly straight and often long, sometimes as long as the head and thorax ; the maxillary palpi are well developed and strongly triangular. The fore wings have veins 4 and 5 arising near each other, or sometimes from a stalk ; 8 and 9 stalked or sometimes fused, forming a single 12 vein ; 7 sometimes arises from the stalk of 8 and 9 ; 11 from beyond the middle of the cell. Hind wings, on the upper side, with a row of long hairs on the hind margin of the basal part of the cell ; veins 4 and 5 stalked, or united throughout as one vein; 7 arises from 6, near its origin, anastomosino^ with 8. These insects usually fly near sunset, but may be ** flushed" at any time during the day. The eggs are more or less melon-shaped, ribbed and reticulated, or smooth. Larva smooth, with few hairs, feeding in silk-lined galleries on the grass family, or boring in stems. Pupa formed in a cocoon within the galleries. Synopsis of the Genera. ( Outer margin of fore wing with one indentation, ... 2. ( Outer margin of fore wing without indentations, ... 4. , Hind wings with eight veins, Eugrotea. r Hii (Hii Hind wings with seven veins, . 3. Fore wings more than three times as long as wide, 3. ■{ Pseudoschoenobius, Fore wings less than three times as long as wide, . Prionapteryx. {Hind wings with seven veins, Uinta' Hind wings with eight veins, 5. Fore wings with veins 7, 8 and 9 arising from one stalk, . 6. Fore win2:s with vein 7 separate from the stalk of 8 and 9, . 7. ■{ Fore wings three times as long as wide, . . Euchromius, Fore wings not more than twice as long as wide, ... 9. r Fore wings with veins 7, 8 and 9 arising from one stalk, . 6. r Antennae of the male pectinate, .... Thaumatopsis. Antennae of the male not pectinate, .... Crambus, Ocelli present, 8. Ocelli absent, Diatrcea, M iFore wings white, with yellow markings, . . . Argyria. Fore wings yellow or brown, . . . . . . Chilo, UINTA HULST. Head medium ; front smooth and vertical ; eyes large and hemispherical ; ocelli present ; antennae coarsely ciliated, and toothed near the base ; labial palpi porrect, about three times as long as the head, and coarsely scaled ; maxillary palpi about as long as the head, quite bushy and triangular ; tongue rudi- 13 mentary, scaled at the base. Fore wings with ten veins ; 4 and 5 coalesce so as to appear as one ; 7 arises from the stem of 8 and 9 ; 10 and 11 coalesce, forming one vein. Hind wings with a distinct pecten of hairs on the basal part of the median vein on the upper side ; seven veins ; 4 and 5 coa- lesce, forming but one vein. This genus was established by Rev. Geo. D. Hulst in <*Entomologica Americana," Vol. IV., p. 116, 1888. Uinta oreadella Hulst. (Plate YI., fig. 14.) Expanse of wings, 15 mm. (about three-fifths of an inch). Head and palpi very dark gray ; thorax blackish gray. Fore wings dark fuscous, darker at the base ; basal line wanting ; outer line broad, dark brown ; terminal line also dark brown, and a dark-brown dot occurs near the middle of the wing. Hind winofs fuscous. Only a single example of this species is at present known, and that is in the collection of the Rev. G. D. Hulst, who received it from Colorado, and published the description of it in *' Entomologica Americana," Vol. IV., p. 116, 1888. I am under obligations to Mr. Hulst for the loan of this and other insects from which to make the drawings that appear in this work. Nothing is known of the early stages and habits of this rare insect. PRIONAPTERYX Stephens. Head medium, face slightly cone-shaped ; eyes large, nearly hemispherical; ocelli absent; antennae serrate in the male, simple in the female, nearly two-thirds as long as the costa ; labial palpi porrect, about twice as long as the head and coarsely scaled at the end ; maxillary palpi triangular, half as long as the labial palpi , and resting on them ; tongue well devel- oped ; thorax and abdomen smooth. Fore wings with twelve veins, 6 and 7 from one point or stalked, 11 and 12 approach very near or join near the middle of 11, after which they run separately to the costa ; outer margin notched near the end of veift 5. This genus was established by Stephens for a mutilated example of an insect which he descril^ed under the name of nebuliferai and of which he says : ** Of this sin- u gularly remarkable insect I have seen only my own specimen, which I obtained from the collection of Mr. Haworth, who appears to have procured it from that of Mr. Francillon ; I know not its locality." The type is in the Stephens collec- tion in the British Museum, and shows very plainly the mutilation in the costa of the fore wings, which he describes as '* three or four deep serratures towards the apex." It is our well-known North American species by that name, and the type was undoubtedly from this country. Prionapteryx nebulifera. (Plate VI., fig. 1.) Prionapteryx nebulifera Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. lY., p. 317 (1834). Prionapteryx nebulifera Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 214, Plate XLyiI.,fig. 1484 (1854). Prionapteryx nebulifera Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 18 (1863). Expanse of wings, 22-31 mm. Palpi, head and thorax ashy brown. Fore wings brown, with a short oblique white streak on the middle of the costa and two broader spots before the apex ; an irregular quadrate white spot before the middle of the wing, extending from the hind margin across the cell ; two parallel white stripes within the outer margin, within which is a large white spot with several dashes of brown upon it. Fringes cream- white, marked with two or three streaks of brown below the apex. Hind wings pale fuscous, whitish at base. Habitat. — Texas. Early stages and food plant unknown. Prionapteryx achatina. (Plate YI., figs. 2 and 3.) Prionopteryx achatina Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 13 (1863). Cramhus delectalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII., p. 165 (1886). Expanse of wings, 22-25 mm. Palpi, head and thorax sordid white, dusted over with cinnamon-brown scales. Fore wings white, dusted over with cinnamon-brown scales, ex- cept on the two cross-lines ; the inner one near the middle of the wing with two outward angles, the outer one some- what arcuate. The brown scales are more numerous within and on the outside of the outer line ; those on the hind part are very much darker brown, forming an ill-defined dark spot, a similar spot between this and the base of the wing. The terminal portion of the wdng white, with two dark-brown horizontal dashes and more or less light brown above the middle. Hind wings pale fuscous, paler basally. Habitat, — Texas, Arizona. Early stages and food plant unknown. I have carefully examined the types of Zeller and Hulst. Pkionapteryx cuneolalis. (Plate VI.. fig. 4.) Crambus cuneolalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol XIIL, p. 166 (1886). Expanse of wings, 19-22 mm. Palpi, head and thorax sordid white, dusted over with cinnamon-brown scales, dark- est on the palpi. Fore wings white, dusted over with brown scales, but leaving cross-lines ; the inner one, near the middle of the wing, edged outwardly with brown, has two angles ; the outer one, angulate beyond the cell, and edged with brown on the inside. The terminal space white near the apex and also in the middle, which is crossed by four dark dashes. Fringe interlined, dark brown and white at the apex and fuscous behind. Hind wings pale fuscous, paler basally. Habitat. — Texas. Early stages and food plant unknown. Prion APTERYX incertella. Chilo incertella Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. IV., p. 253 (1821). Prionopteryx incertella Zell , Chil. et Crara,, p, 14 (1863). Prionopteryx incertella Kobs., Ann. Lye. X. II. of N. Y., Vol. IX., p. 311 (1869). Prionopteryx olivella Grote, Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur., Vol. VI., p. 274 (1881). Expanse of wings, 19-25 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and fore wings olive fuscous, the olive tint more apparent in fresh specimens. The fore wings have a pale shade along the submedian fold from the base outwardly ; a pale-yellow or w^iitish mark on the middle of the costa, and a larger one beyond it at the outer third ; an outwardly curved line from 16 the costa to near the middle of the outer margin. Subter- minal line pale, bent outwardly above the median fold and running inwardly below it to the hind margin, just within the anal angle, dentate through the latter part of its course ; a fuscous blotch on the hind margin at the basal fourth, and another at the middle, which borders outwardly a very fine anf?ulated line connectinor with the first costal mark. The terminal line fine, occurring only on the hind part of the outer border. Fringes pale at base, fuscous outwardly. Hind wings pale fuscous. Habitat. — North Carolina, Georgia, Illinois. Early stages and food plant unknown. I have carefully examined the types of Zeller and Grote. EUGROTEA N. gen. Head medium ; face cone-shaped ; eyes hemispherical ; ocelli present ; antennae simple in the female, male not seen ; labial palpi porrect, about three times as long as the head, coarsely haired ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled, about twice as long as the head ; tongue well developed ; thorax and abdomen smooth ; legs of medium length and size ; inner spurs one-third lofiger than the outer. Fore wings two and one-half times as long as wide, with twelve veins ; 4 and 5 on a long stalk, 7, 8 and 9 from one stalk; the outer margin notched at the end of vein 4. Hind wings one and a half times as long as wide, with eight veins ; 4 and 5 from a long stalk ; cell closed. I have named this genus in honor of my old friend. Prof. A. E. Grote, who years ago advised me to take up the study of the North American microlepidoptera, and has ever since taken a lively interest in my work. EuGROTEA DENTELLA n. sp. (Plate YI., fig. 5.) Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Head, thorax and palpi white, heavily sprinkled with dark-brown scales. Fore wings white, marked with dark brown (olivaceous in certain lights) on the basal half of the costa down to the cell ; on the basal third of the hind margin, a more or less zigzag or dentate cross-stripe a little beyond the middle, a second irregular cross-stripe 17 between the last and the outer margin, one or two oblique stripes near the apex and the terminal line, are all brown. There are also more or less brown scales sprinkled over the white portions of the wing. In this respect there is a great deal of variation. Fringes pale at the base, fuscous out- wardly. Hind wings pale fuscous, with finely interlined fringes. Habitat, — Florida. Early stages and food plant un- known. PSEUDOSCHCENOBIUS n. gen. Head medium ; face cone-shaped ; eyes hemispherical ; ocelli present; antennae (Plate B, ^g, 16) finely toothed and ciliate, about two-thirds the length of the costa ; labial palpi porrect, about three times the length of the head; maxillary palpi triangular, about as long as the head ; tongue rudimentary ; thorax smooth ; legs long and slim, all the inner spurs twice as long as the outer; abdomen long and slim. Fore wings (Plate C, fig. 8) three and a half times as long as wide ; outer margin falcate and apex rounded ; eleven veins, 4 and 5 from one point, 6 and 7 from a short stem, 8 and 9 from one stem; 11 arises from the outer third of the cell and runs into 12, fusing with it from the point of junc- tion to the costa ; 1 a is nearly half as long as the wing ; 1 b is simple at the base. Hind wings (Plate C, fig. 9) trian- gular, not quite twice as long as wide ; veins 4 and 5 co- alesce, forming but one vein, 6 remote from 7 ; median vein above pectinated basally. This genus was first proposed in Smith's **List of the Lepidoptera," 1891, for qpalescalis, a species described by Hulst, from Arizona, and placed under Schoenobius ; but, as the structure of the insect gave it no abiding place in any genus already established, we have now characterized this new genus for it. 18 PSEUDOSCHGENOBIUS OPALESCALIS. (Plate VI., fig. 13.) ScJioenobius opalescalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc Vol. XIII., p. 167 (1886). Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Palpi dark fuscous, cinere- ous above ; head and thorax cinereous, the tegulse edged with white ; abdomen fuscous, annulate with cinereous ; fore wings cinereous, with white scales scattered profusely between the veins ; fringe of the same color as the wings. Hind wings above and beneath light fuscous, somewhat opal- escent. Under side of fore wings fuscous, paler towards the apex. Described from six examples in my collection, from Arizona; one in the collection of the National Mu- seum, from the Argus Mountains, Cal. ; and the type in the collection of Mr. Hulst. CRAMBUS Fabricius. Head medium ; face rounded, more or less swollen or cone-shaped ; eyes more or less hemispherical ; ocelli pres- ent ; antennae about two-thirds as long as the costa, dentate or ciliate in the male (Plate B, fig. 17), simple in the female (Plate A, fig. 9) ; labial palpi very long, porrect ; maxillary palpi moderately long, porrect, triangularly dilated with scales (Plate C, fig. 16); tongue well developed; thorax smooth ; abdomen of the male with a small anal tuft. Fore wings from two to three times as long as wide, with twelve veins; 4 and 5 sometimes from a stalk; 7, 8 and 9 from a common stalk; 11 bent more or less and sometimes connected with 12. Hind wings about one and one-half times as long as wide ; veins 4 and 5 from one point or from a stalk. This genus contains by far the largest number and the most common of our species. From the studies of Piley, Lintner, Forbes, Felt, Beckwith and Miss Murtfeldt, we know something of the early stages of a large number of our species. •■■{ 3. 19 Synopsis of the Species. ( Fore wings with ground color whitish, 2. ( Fore wings with ground color ochreous, brown or gray, . 6. Fore wings without markings or terminal dots, . . perlellns. Fore wings with markings or terminal dots, .... 3. ' Fore wings with a longitudinal reddish stripe near the middle, girardellus. Fore wings with a terminal and a subterminal row of black dots, turbaiellus. Without these characters, 4. Subterminal line slightly curved, elegans. Subterminal line strongly angulated, 5. Median line widest on the hind margin, . . . pusionellus. Median line not reaching the hind margin, . . . albeUus. c Fore wings with a white stripe from base to middle or be- 6. \ yond, 7. V Fore wings without such stripe, 28. The median white stripe wide and crossed by two oblique bars, 8. The median white stripe not crossed by two oblique bars, . 9. The inner bar on the middle of the wing, . . . myellus. The inner bar beyond the middle of the wing, . luctiferellus. Median stripe extended to terminal line, but divided out- wardly, dimidiatellus. Median stripe extended undivided to terminal line, unistriatellus. Median stripe not reaching terminal line, . . . .10. Stripe divided into costal and subcostal stripes, . . .11. Stripe not divided, 15. '■I 9. Hind wings pure white, muUilineellus. ■M ( Mil ( Hind wings not pure white, 12. f Apex of fore wing strongly acuminate, . . . minimellus. 1 Apex of fore wing not strongly acuminate, . . . .13. {Terminal dots preceded by black lines, . . . laqueatellus. Terminal dots not preceded by black lines, . . . .14. Outer border notched on vein 6, . . . . dumelellus. Outer border straight or nearly so, ... agitatclliis. c Median stripe with a tooth near middle of costal edge, 16. j carpenter ellus. V Median stripe without a costal tooth, 16. ,..{ 20 16. 17. IS. 10. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2G. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Hind margin of fore wings more or less white, . . .17. Hind margin of fore wings not marked with white, . , 19. Hind marginal streak entire, pascuellus. Hind marginal streak interrupted, 18. Fore wings bright brown, dissectus. Fore wings dark brown, labradoriensis. Apex strongly acuminate ; tooth of stripe long, . sairapellus. Apex not strongly acuminate ; tooth not long, . . .20. Hind wings pure white, 21. Hind wings not pure white, . . . . . . .24=. White stripe short and wide, with the tooth near the end, hidens» White stripe with tooth small and near the middle, . . 22. Apex acuminate, hastiferellus* Apex not acuminate ; slightly emarginate, . . . .23. White stripe wide, very near the costa, . . . leachellus. White stripe narrower ; more remote from costa, . prcefectellus. White stripe narrower than the costal border, . argillaceellus. White stripe wider than the costal border, . . . • . 25. White stripe more than two-thirds as long as the wing, . 26. Wliite stripe not more than two-thirds as long as the wing, alboclavellus. Under side of cell marked with black, . . . occidentalism Under side of cell not marked with black, . , . .27. Fore wings ochreous cinereous, . . . . cyjpridalis. Fore wings brown, ........ hamellus. Terminal line present above, with three or four dots below, 29. Terminal row of three or four dots below and none above, . 30. Terminal row of seven dots, ....... 31, 32. .| 33. Terminal line more or less indistinct, , •: • • .44. Outer margin falcate, gausapalis. Outer margin not falcate, hortuellus. Fringes of fore wings cut with whitish, .... trisectus. Fringes of fore wings not cut with whitish, , . laciniellus. Veins in the middle of fore wing whitish, . . . .32, Veins in the middle of fore wing not whitish, . . .33. Veins of hind portion light, edged with black scales, coloradellus. Veins of hind portion light, but not edged with black scales, boUcrellus. Veins of hind portion not light, .... albilineellus. Fringes golden yellow, 34. Fringes not golden yellow, .87. 21 34. 35. 86. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. ( Without median or subterminal lines, . . . vulgivagellus. 1 With cross lines, 35. ( Terminal space a brighter yellow than rest of wing, decorellus. 1 Terminal space of the same shade as rest of wing, . . 36. ( Subterminal line narrow, ruricolellus. 1 Subterminal line broad, biothanalalis: ( Several heavy brown stripes between the lines, . . hulstellus. 1 Without brown stripes between the cross lines, . . .38. r Subterminal line finely dentate, 39. 1 Subterminal line not dentate, 40. r Bright yellow along the submedian fold, . . hemiochrellus. 1 Submedian fold not bright yellow, mutabilis. ( Subterminal line very near the outer margin, . attenuatus. 1 Subterminal line not very near the outer margin, . . .41, j" With white lines through the middle, . . . haytiellus. \ Without white lines through the middle, . . . .42. I Top of the head and thorax white, .... teterrellus. 1 Top of the head and thorax not white, 43. r Fore wings reddish brown, anceps, t Fore wings grayish, undatus. r Dark brown with white median shade and subterminal line, -s trichostomus, ^ Without white median shade, 45. j Median white stripe from base of wing, . . . oregonicus, \ Without median white stripe, 46. ' Fore wings with a white point near the end of the cell, bonifatellus. Fore wings dark brown, caliginosellus. Fore wings ashy gray, zeellus. ^ Fore wings ochreous yellow, 47. I Median and terminal spaces slightly ashy. .... ulce. [ Median and terminal spaces not ashy, . . . luteolellus. 22 Crambus satrapellus. (Plate 1., fig. 1.) Chilo satrapellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. IV., p. 247 (1821). Crambus satrapellus Zell., Chil. etCram., p. 16 (1868). Crambus aculeilellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVIl., p. 158 (1863). Crambus elegantellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVII,, p. 179 (1863). Crambus elegantellus Robs., Ann. Lye. N. Y., Vol. IX., pp. 315, 316 (1869). Crambus satrapellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., p. 89 (1894). Expanse of wings, 25-35 mm. Head and palpi yellowish gray ; thorax light golden yellow ; labial palpi slender, about the length of the thorax, pale cinereous fuscous on the out- side, the under margin whitish. Fore wings much produced at the apex, golden yellow, rust brown on the costa ; from the base to near the outer margin a sharply pointed, silvery- white stripe, with a long, acute tooth projecting on the under side, from the middle nearly to the subterminal line. Above its apex, and parallel with it, a small spindle-shaped, silvery- white stripe. Both stripes bordered with rust brown. Sub- terminal line with a very acute angle near the outer margin, just below the apex. Costal half of apex dark brown, outer marginal half white. Fringes, white next the terminal line, brown outwardly. Hind wings pale cinereous ; fringes white. Abdomen and legs grayish white. Habitat. — Florida, Georgia, Texas. Food plant and early stages unknown. Crambus hastiferellus. (Plate I., fig. 4.) Crambus hastiferellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVIL, p. 155 (1863). Crambus quinquareatus ZelL, Ex. Mie., p. 38, Plate I, fig. 16 (1877). Crambus eztorralis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIIL, p. 165 (1886). Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Head, palpi and thorax above, golden fuscous ; abdomen white with fuscous annulations. Fore wings golden fuscous, darker on the costa nearly to the terminal line. A broad, silvery- white stripe, nearly reaching the costa and basally bordered with a dark line, extends from the base nearly to the subterminal line, taper- 23 ing bluntly at the tip, which rests upon a cream-colored stripe extending across the line and there uniting with a white sub-apical spot. Subterminal line very oblique in its first third from the costa, then from an obtuse angle it runs straight, with the exception of a small blunt tooth, to the inner margin. Above the dark apical dash, a light triangu- lar spot. Terminal space, below the light stripe, brown with a few dark lines. Below the silvery stripe the wing is lighter in color, with a darker wedge-shaped space on the outer part. Terminal line dark, brownish ochreous. Fringes metallic. Hind wings white. Habitat. — Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, California. Food plant and early stages unknown. Crambus OCCIDENT alis. (Plate II., fig. 3.) Crambus occidentalis Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XII., p. 16 (1880). Crambus occidentalis Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XIII., p. 66 (1881). Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Head, palpi and thorax above, ochreous brown. Fore wings ochreous, heavily dusted with fuscous ; the white streak in the costal half of the wing di- lated in the middle, with a prominent tooth on the lower side, which is bordered with a heavy, dark-brown shade, especially from the tooth to the base. The subterminal line forms an acute angle under the apical patch. Apex light, with a dark shaded patch in the centre. Five dark-brown venular dots in the terminal space. Hind wings pale fuscous. Habitat, — California. Food plants and early stages un- known. It difiers from the other species in the prominent notch or tooth at the middle of the lower side of the white stripe, and by the heavy dark shades below the stripe. Craimbus minimellus. (Plate II., fig. 2.) Crambus minimellus Robs., Ann. Lye. N. Y., Vol. XI., p. 315 (1869). Crambus minimellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., p. 88 (1894). Expanse of wings, 13-15 mm. Head, palpi and thorax dark shining fuscous. Fore wings glossy fuscous, with a 24 whitish stripe above the middle of the wing and below two fuscous longitudinal lines on the upper part; this whitish stripe extends from the base nearly to the subterminal line, where it ends acutely in a dark line reaching to the end of the wing. Bordering the acute end of the stripe, above and below, are two small, white, wedge-shaped spots, pointing inwardly. A diamond- shaped, silvery- white spot in the apex of the wing, with a dark streak and lighter patch above it. Median line dark brown, arising from the middle of the costa and sending a very acute angle outward, which en- closes the end of the white stripe and gives off two outward and one inward acute angles below the stripe, and ends near the middle of the hind margin. Subterminal ]ine, bordered on each side with white in the first part of its course, arises from the outer fourth of the costa and runs obliquely out beyond the end of the stripe, w-here it forms a right angle and extends to the hind margin within the anal angle, giv- ing off a tooth inwardly in the middle of its course. Habitat. — New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Illinois. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus argillaceellus. (Plate II., fig. 1.) Crambus argillaceellus Pack., Pr. Bos. Soc. N. H., Vol. XI., p. 54 (1866). Expanse of wings, 16 mna. Head, thorax and outside of the palpi cinereous brown, with a slightly bronzed hue. Fore wings cinereous brown, with a narrow white stripe increasing in width for one-half the length of the wing, when it tapers off acutely on the outer fourth ; a brown apical patch on the costa, with a white one below it. Sub- terminal line forming a right angle at its costal third. Ter- minal space, below the apical spots, dark; two or three short white parallel lines run from the tip of the white stripe to the subterminal line. Fringes much paler. Hind wings dark, argillaceous above and beneath. Differs from all other species in its peculiar dark hue, especially on the hind wings. Habitat, — Labrador. Early stages and food plant un- known. 25 Crambus hamellus. (Plate II., fig. 4.) Tinea hamellus Thunb., Diss. Ent., p. 97, Plate lY., fig. 3 (1794). Tinea Ensigerella Hub., Tinea, Plate LTV., tig. 267 (1803). Chilo Ensigerellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. II., p. 53 (1817). Chilo ensigerellus Tr., Schm., Vol. IX., part 1, p. 79 (1832). Crambus Ensigerellus Dup.^JHsit. Hist. Lep., Vol. X.,p. 67, Plate CCLXXV. (1836). Crambus Hamellus H. S., Vol. IV., p. 53 (1849). Crambus Hamellus Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 215, No. 491 (1854). Crambus hamellus Staint., Man., Vol. II., p. 181 (1859). Crambus hamellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 17 (1863). Crambus Hamellus Hein., Schm., Vol. I., p, 119 (1865). Crambus hamellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Lep., p. 389 (1895). Expanse of wings, 20-23 mm. Palpi shining fuscous on the outside ; head ashy brown ; thorax and fore wings brown- ish cinereous ; a snow-white stripe from the base to a point a little within the subterminal line, giving ofi" a strong tooth near the middle ; costal margin narrow at the base, widen- ing outwardly, and where the white stripe begins to taper the costal stripe is about as wide as the white stripe ; a very small oval streak above the end of the white stripe, sometimes reaching it. Subterminal line brown, bordered with white on each side, at the costa, and edged outwardly with dark lead-colored scales, extending down to a point beyond the end of white stripe, where it forms an obtuse angle, and then crosses the wing in a nearly straight line. Terminal space dark brown with a white triangle reaching to the apex ; beiow, ashy, with five elongate black spots. Terminal line above, ^ark brown. Fringes metallic gray, white at base, above. Hind wings pale fuscous ; fringes lighter. Habitat. — Maine, Europe. Early stages and food plant unknown. 26 Cr AMBUS CYPRiDALis. (Plate III., fig. 1.) Crambus cypridalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII., p. 165 (1886). Expanse of wings; 30 mm. Head and palpi cinereous fus- cous, whitish above ; thorax and abdomen ochreous. Fore wings ochreous fuscous ; a silvery-white stripe bordered with a very dark brown line extends from the base nearly to the subterminal line, tapering acutely at the outer end ; above this portion another small, tapering white stripe. Terminal line forming a blunt angle at about one-third the width of the wing from the costa. Apex white, with a dark-brown patch. Five fine black lines between the veins in the terminal space. Fringe fuscous, with a white line at the base. Hind wings cream white. Habitat. — Utah. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus carpenterellus. (Plate I., fig. 5.) Crambus carpenterellus Pack., Rep. Hayd. Surv., p. 548 (1873). Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Head, palpi and thorax tawny ochreous. Fore wings ochreous fuscous, with a white stripe starting from the base and extending to near the subterminal line, where it ends in a point ; at the basal third, a tooth on the costal side, and another one at the outer third on the opposite side, which ends in a dark line extending half the distance to the cross-line. Between this line and the point of the streak three other dark lines, parallel to this and gradually growing shorter, arise from the white streak. Below the streak the wing is lighter in color than elsewhere. Subterminal line bordered with white on the costa, slightly curving in its first third, nearly straight the remainder of its course and followed outwardly by a silvery line. Upon the apex a brown triangle with a white triangle above it. A series of five dark-brown marginal dashes. Fringes sil- very fuscous. Hind wings much paler. Habitat. — Mountains of Colorado. Early stages and food plant unknown. 27 Crambus pascuellus. (Plate I., fig. 3.) PhalcBTia Tinea pascuella Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. X, p. 535 (1758). Tinea pascuella Linn., Faun. Suec, ed. IL, p. 355 (1761). Tinea pascuella Fab., Syst Ent., p. 658 (1775). Tinea Pascuella Wein. Verz., p. 134 (1776). Tinea Pascuella Goeze, Ent. Beitr., Vol. III., part 4, p. 85 (1783). Tinea Pascuella DeVillers, Ent. Linn., Vol. IL, p. 460 (1789). Tinea Pascuella Fab., Ent. Syst., Vol. III., part 2, p. 295 (1793). Tinea Pascuella Schrank, Faun. Boic, Vol. IL, part 2, p. 100 (1802). Tinea Pascuella Hub., Tinea, Plate V., fig. 51 (1803). Chilo Pascuellus Zinek,, Germ. Mag., Vol. IL, p. 49 (1817). Chilo pascuellus Tr., Schm., Vol. IX., part 1, p. 75 (1832). Crambus pascuellus Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 320 (1834). Crambus pascuellus Duip.., Nat. Hist. Lep., Vol. X., Plate CCLXIX., fig. 1 (1836). Crambus Pascuellus H. S., Schm., Vol. IV., p. 53 (1849). Crambus Pascuellus Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 215 (1854). Crambus pascuellus Staint., Man., Vol. IL, p. 181 (1859). Crambus pascuellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 20 (1863). Crambus Pascuellus Hein., Schm., Vol I., p. 120 (1865). Crambus pascuellus Praun, Tineidss, Plate I., fig. 15 (1869). Crambus fioridus Zell., Beitr., Vol. L, p. 91 (1875). Crambus floridus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 78, 86 (1894). Crambus pascuellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Ent., p. 390 (1895). Expanse of wings, 21-24 mm.- Palpi fuscous on the out- side ; head white above ; thorax white above and beneath, brownish ochreous on the sides. Fore wings brownish ochreous, with a broad white stripe extending through the wing very near the costa, and ending in an acute angle a short distance within the subterminal line ; costal margin brownish fuscous, widening outwardly, but in no place more than half as wide as the white stripe ; four or five silvery, black-margined streaks on the outer part of the wing, but not reaching the subterminal line ; a white spot beyond and below the end of the white stripe ; a white spot on each side of the subterminal line, on the costa. Subterminal line fus- cous, arising a little beyond the outer fourth of the costa, extends outwardly to a point beyond the end of the white stripe, where it forms an obtuse angle and crosses the wing to the hind margin. Subterminal space below ashy gray. 28 with four or five black terminal points. Apex white, tri- angularly produced, with a terminal dark-brown line, a yellowish-brown costal spot and oblique streak before it. Fringes metallic gray, white at base above. Hind wings whitish, pale fuscous apically ; fringes white. Habitat, — Massachusetts, Texas, California, Europe. Food, grass. ** Egg. — Creamy white when first laid, gradually turning to a dark scarlet color before hatching. Form, elliptical oval ; size, .39 mm. by .30 mm. The egg-shell has sixteen feeble longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. ^' Larva, First Stage, — Head diameter, .21 mm.; body diameter, .15 mm. ; length, 1.15 mm. Head black, labrum yellowish, scattered hairs on the head ; thoracic shield dark brown ; body straw color with fine reddish blotches, giving it a pinkish cast. Scattered hairs grow from small tubercles. When about two weeks old the body is a dark mottled brown When a month old the larva is 1 cm. long." (Felt.) Crambus girardellus. (Plate I., fig. 13.) Crambus Girardellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 204 (1860). Crambus nivihumellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVII., p. 159 (1863). Crambus girardellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 73, 86 (1894). Expanse of wings, 23-25 mm. Labial palpi pale fuscous on the sides, silvery white above and beneath ; thorax whitish above, orange-yellow on the sides ; abdomen white. Fore wings silvery white, with an orange-yellow stripe, bordered outwardly with dark-brown scales, extending from the base of the wing, beneath the median vein, to beyond the cell, where it turns up toward the aj)ex of the wing. Terminal line brown, edged with yellow, with five short, dark-brown dashes before it on the posterior half of the wing. Hind wings pure white, sometimes smoky on the anterior half. Habitat. — St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay, Ontario, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio. Food, grass. 29 ^^ Egg. — Creamy white when first laid, but gradually changing to bright orange before hatching. Form.^ ellipti- cal oval ; size, .51 mm. by .33 mm. The egg-shell has sev- enteen longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. '* Larva, First Stage. — Head diameter, .24 mm. ; length, 1.05 mm. Head and thoracic shield a glistening black, body a reddish straw color ; scattered hairs occur on the head and body ; the hairs on the body grow from minute tubercles, which are concolorous with the body. When about a month old the larvae are 2 cm. long. The head is yellowish, with irregular brown markings ; the body is a slate color, with brown tubercles." (Felt.) Crambus leachellus. (Plate I., fig. 2.) Chilo Leachellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. III., p. 114 (1818). Crambus pulchellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 18 (1863). Crambus jiulchellus Zell., Beitr., p. 89 (1872). Crambus leachellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 71, 85 (1894). Expanse of wings, 24-30 mm. Head and thorax brassy brown ; palpi brownish cinereous. Fore wings golden fus- cous, with a broad silvery- white stripe, bordered by a fine dark line, extending outward from the base and ending in a point near the subterminal line ; basal stripe narrow, less than half the width of the white stripe at the costa. A very small tooth in the middle on the lower side ; a very small, spindle-shaped white spot above the outer end of the white stripe, sometimes connected with it ; subterminal line brown- ish, edged outwardly by a silvery streak, arising from the outer fourth of the costa, forming an angle near the point of the white stripe, thence running straight across the wing and terminating just within the anal angle ; from the end of the white streak a pale yellowish stripe extends outward to the terminal line, curving upward to the apex, above which is a brown triangular patch separated from the costa by a small white triangle. Subterminal space below ashy brown, with four or five indistinct black dashes. Terminal line golden fuscous. Fringes grayish metallic, white at base above. 30 Hind wings white in female, slightly yellowish m the male. Habitat, — Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Texas, Illinois, Cali- fornia, Vancouver Island, Venezuela, Mendocino. " Egg. — Creamy white in color when first laid, quickly changing to a scarlet and then to an intense geranium red ; just before hatching the blackish head of the embryo shows through the thin shell very distinctly. Form nearly oval ; size, .51 mm. by .39 mm. The egg-shell is quite fragile, and frequently collapses when the larva leaves it. There are twenty-two longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. The circular markings around the micro- pyle are very characteristic. ^^ Larva, First Stage. — Head diameter, .21 mm.; body diameter, .18 mm. ; length, 1 mm. Head a brownish black, clypeus yellowish, antennae nearly colorless ; scattered hairs occur on the head ; thoracic shield brown, with a reddish tinge from the body contents ; body a variable red, the color being the most intense in the thoracic region ; there is a slight stigmatal line ; tubercles blackish and bearing dark hairs ; prolegs almost rudimentary. When about a month old the larvae are 1.5 cm. long; the head is yellowish, with irregular black markings; the body is brown, with large blackish tubercles. When about six weeks old the larvas are 3 cm. long and quite stout ; the color has not changed." (Felt.) Crambus unistriatellus. (Plate I., fig. 6.) Crambus unistriatellus. Pack., Pr. Bos. Soc. N. H., Vol. XL, p. 54 (1866). Crambus exesus Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XII., p. 16 (1880). Crambus exesus Grote, N. A. Ent., Vol. I., p. 68, Plate V., fig. 7 (1880). Crambus unistriatellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., p. 85 (1894:). Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Head, palpi and abdomen very pale gray ; palpi long, slender, acute ; thorax and fore wings golden yellow, with metallic lustre. A broad, uninterrupted silvery- white band on each side, with a few dark scales, ex- tends to the outer edge of the wing, expanding upwards on 31 the apex ; edge of the brown stripe above the silvery band bordered with a few white scales towards the apex. A sub- marginal row of minute black dots. Fringe concolorous with the rest of the wing. Hind wings white above and beneath. Under side of fore wings and the legs pale gray. Habitat, — Labrador, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, California. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus pr^fectellus. (Plate I., fig. 7.) Chilo prcefectellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. IV., p. 248 (1821). Crambus involutellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 203 (1860). Expanse of wings, 21-25 mm. Head, palpi and thorax cinereous with bronze lustre. Fore wings golden fuscous, with a silvery- white stripe bordered with a fine darker line, and tapering toward each end, from the base to near the sub- terminal line ; a tooth in the middle on the lower side ; a dark shade, with a light costal triangle above it and a light patch below it, extends from the apex to the subterminal line ; costal margin wider than in leachellus, being more than one-half the width of the white stripe at the middle of the costa ; subter- minal space with four dark venular dashes. Fringes grayish metallic, with a white line at the base. Hind wings white or slightly cream colored ; fringes white. Habitat. — Canada, Massachusetts, New York, New Jer- sey, Colorado, Texas. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus dissectus. (Plate H., fig. 12.) Crambus dissectus Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XII., p. 66 (1880). Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Head and palpi above, white ; thorax brown on the sides, white above ; abdomen whitish, mottled with brown. Fore wings light brown. A white stripe, very narrow at the base and much dilated in the middle of the wing, where it sends out a long acute tooth behind. The hind margin white, more or less broken. Several very dark-brown parallel dashes run from the white stripe nearly to the subterminal line, and upon these dashes a white, diamond-shaped patch. On the costa, on each side 32 of the subterminal line, is a white patch. Apex brown, with a white patch below it. Terminal space with a white streak enclosing five very dark-brown dots. Fringes metallic, ex- cept at the base of apex. Hind wings smoky fuscous, with pale fringes. Habitat. -^lAsJiMQ, New York. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus bidens. (Plate I., fig. 8.) Crambus bidens Zell., Beitr., p. 89 (1872). Crambus bidens Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XII., p. 77 (1880). Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Head and thorax lustrous ochre-yellow ; palpi acute, ochre-yellow. Fore wings bright ochre-yellow, with a few rust-brown scales. A few light patches on the inner margin. A very broad silvery-white stripe extends to the costa on one-half the length of the wing, then turns obliquely in a straight line. On the inner side it sends out an acute tooth, then runs in a straight line and meets the costal line at an acute point near the angle of the subterminal line. This line runs obliquely for one- third of its length, then, forming an obtuse angle, runs in a straight line an equal distance, where it forms a very blunt tooth and continues to the inner margin. On the costa a white spot on each side of the subterminal line ; also one below the brown apex, and a larger one enclosing five dark- brown dots in the terminal space. Hind wings white, slightly dusted with ochreous. Habitat, — Massachusetts, New York. Early stages and food plants unknown. Crambus labradoriensis. (Plate HI., fig. 7.) Crambus Labradoriensis Chris., Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XTX., p. 314 (1858) . Crambus labradoriensis Moschl., Wien. Monats., Vol. IV., p. 379 (1860). Crambus labradoriensis Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 21 (1863). Crambus labradoriensis F'dck.,Vro. Bos. Soc. N. H., Vol.X*!., p. 55 (1866). Expanse of wings, 18-20 mm. Head and thorax fuscous brownish; lateral margin of the face, palpi above and be- neath, at the base, and the apices of the scapulae, white. 33 Fore wings slightly emarginate, long and rather narrow, ashy fuscous, mingled outwardly with clay yellow. Median white stripe narrow, remote from the costa, and ending near the middle of the wing in a bidentate apex. Whitish scales in spots and lines between the fuscous spot at the end of the stripe and the subterminal line, which is silvery and extends from the outer fourth of the costa to a point beyond the end of the white stripe, where it forms an obtuse angle and con- tinues in a straight line to the hind margin, within the anal angle. Terminal space white, overlaid more or less, next to the subterminal line, with the ground color of the wing ; a dark-brown costal triangle just within the apex. Terminal line dark brown above, followed by fine dark-brown dots. Fringes dark silvery gray. Hind wings fuscous cinereous. Habitat. — Labrador, Ontario, Oregon. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus dumetellus. (Plate III., fig. 2.) Tinea Dumetella Hiib., Tineoe, Plate 58, figs. 389, 390 (1803). Tinea Pratella Hub., Tinese, Plate V., fig. 29 (1803). Argyroteuchia Dumetalis Hiib., Yerz., p. 364 (1818). Agriphila Pratalis Hiib., Verz , p. 365 (1818). Chilo dumetellus Tr., Schm., Vol. IX., p. 80 (1832). Crambus Dumetellus Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 321 (1834). Crambus dumetellus Dup. Nat. Hist. Lep., Vol. X., p. 52, Plate CCLXIX. (1836). Crambus Dumetellus H. S., Schm., Vol. IV., p. 54 (1849). Crambus Dumetellus Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 215, No. 1493 (1854). Crambus dumetellus Staint., Man., Vol. II., p. 181 (1859). Crambus dumetellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 24 (1863). Crambus Dumetellus Hein., Schm., Vol. I., p. 122 (1865). Crambus dumetellus Praun, Tineidas, Plate 1, iig. 16 (1869). Crambus trichusalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIII., p. 165 (1886). Crambus dumetellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Ent., p. 391 (1895). Expanse of wings, 20-25 mm. Palpi, head and thorax ochreous brown, the palpi somewhat darker on the outside. Fore wings ochreons brown, or dark ochreous brown, with a narrow costal white stripe extending nearly to the middle ; a median white stripe extending from the base outward along 34 the cell, giving off a small tooth near the middle, and cut off more or less obliquely at the outer end, a little below and beyond which is another white streak ; subterminal line dark brown, edged outwardly with metallic scales, arising at the outer fourth of the costa, where it is preceded by a white costal spot, and extending to a point beyond the end of the white stripe, then, forming an acute angle, extends with a slight inward curve to the hind margin. Subterminal space below ashy gray, with five more or less distinct terminal black points. Terminal line above dark brown ; apical space occupied by two triangles, the lower one white, the upper brown ; both separated from the subterminal line by a narrow streak of the ground color of the wing. Fringes silvery fuscous, whitish at the base, emarginate as in pascu^ ellus. Hind wings fuscous ; fringes lighter. There are several specimens in the National Museum which are very much darker than any in my possession. Habitat, — Texas, Colorado, Rocky Mountains, north of Montana (Geddes), Europe. Early stages and food plant unknown, Crambus gausapalis. (Plate I., fig. 14.) Crambus gausapalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII., p. 167 (1886). Expanse of wings, 22-24 mm. Palpi light ochreous, darker on the outside ; head and thorax ochreous. Fore wings light ochreous, with scattered specks of brown ; dark ochreous lines dusted with brown on all the veins beyond the cell ; median line ochre-yellow, running obliquely from the middle of the costa about half-way to the apical angle, then, with a sharp angle, back to the cell, where, with another acute angle, it turns toward the outer margin but runs only a short distance. Subterminal line brown, edged outwardly with silvery scales, running evenly from the costa to near the outer margin, where it curves and runs to the hind margin. Terminal space darker, sprinkled with white ; terminal line dark brown, replaced below by four dark-brown dots ; outer margin falcate, apex acute ; apical space light, with a large dark-brown patch on the costa. Fringes golden cinereous, with white at the base above. 35 Hind wings very pale gray, with a trace of the subterminal line below the apex ; fringes lighter. Habitat. — Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus laqueatellus. (Plate I., fig. 11.) Cramhus laqueatellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 203 (1860). Crambus semifusellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVII., p. 159 (1863). • Crambus laqueatellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 24 (1863). Crambus laqueatelUis Zell., Beitr., Vol. I., p. 91 (1872). Crambus laqueatellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 79, 89 (1894). Expanse of wings, 23 mm. Head luteous; thorax and palpi fuscous, the latter whitish beneath. Fore wings ochre- ous, with two silvery-white streaks separated by a fuscous streak ; the outer silvery streak margined on the costa with fuscous; the inner one, which extends beyond the apical third, edged on the fold with fuscous. Beneath the fold the wing is pale yellowish with fuscous streaks along the submedian veins. Apex of the wing tinted with ochreous yellow, the veins streaked with silvery white ; on the costa near the tip an oblique silvery streak, margined on both sides with fuscous. The subterminal silvery- white line much angulated, bending in below the apex, leaving a large whitish marginal patch streaked with dark parallel lines which end in dots before the terminal line. Fringes lus- trous ochreous. Hind wings pale fuscous ; fringes white. Habitat. — Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Illi- nois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas. Food, grass. '^ Egg, — Creamy white when first laid, gradually turning to an orange color before hatching. Form subcylindrical ; size, .42 mm. by .30 mm. There are sixteen longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. ^' Larva ^ First Stage. — Head diameter, .18 mm.; body diameter, .15 mm. ; length, 1.15 mm. Head brownish black, with whitish hairs ; thoracic shield light brown ; body mottled with pale bright red and bearing blackish tubercles." (Felt.) 3G Crambus alboclavellus. (Plate I., fig. 9.) Crambus alboclavellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 19 (1863). Crambus alboclavellus Zell., Beitr., p. 92 (1872). Crambus alboclavellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 77, SS (1894). Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Palpi pale fuscous, white be- neath ; head whitish ; thorax luteous. Fore wings brownish luteous, with a broad silvery- white stripe Extending beyond the middle on the costa to the cell on the hind side, where it forms a tooth ; the two sides then run obliquely and meet at an acute angle, the costal line sending out a tooth before meeting the other ; beyond the silvery stripe the dark brown shades off into lighter brown or fuscous, and upon this space rest two white spots, one on the costa and one just before the subterminal line ; hind margin much lighter, especially toward the base. Subterminal line brown, edged outwardly with silvery white, very straight to the angle under the apex^ where it forms almost a right angle, then runs straight to the hind margin. A row of four or five black marginal points below the apex. Fringes with bronze lustre. Hind wings very pale ochreous, lustrous ; fringes whitish. Habitat. — Massachusetts, New" York, New Jersey, Vir- ginia, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Texas, Ontario. Food plant, grass. "•"•Egg. — Creamy white when first laid, gradually turn- ing to an orange-buff color before hatching. Form, ellip- tical oval; size, .42 mm. by .33 mm. There are about sixteen longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. '^ Larva ^ First Stage, — Head diameter, ,225 mm. ; body diameter, .14 mm. ; length, .625 mm. Head a deep brown, thoracic shield a lighter brown ; body a straw color, with a reddish mark along the middle of the back from the fourth to the ninth segments inclusive. Scattered light-colored hairs occur on the head and body." (Felt.) 37 Crambus agitatellus. (Plate I., fig. 10.) Crambus agitatellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 203 (1860). Crambus saltuellus ZelL, Chil. et Cram., p. 22 (1863). Crambus agitatellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., p. 88 (1894). Expanse of wings, 21 mm. Head and thorax pale lute- ous ; labial palpi somewhat fuscous, white beneath. Fore wing8 ochreous, streaked with orange ; a broad silvery-white streak, through which runs a longitudinal yellow stripe ; a white patch between the silvery stripe and the subterminal line, another on the costa above it, one on the costa of the apex and another on the outer margin just below the brown apex. A whitish or yellow streak with five venular dots in the terminal space. Subterminal line very oblique in its first third from the costa, then straight to the hind mar- gin. Broken fuscous lines specked with silvery scales along the veins above and beneath the middle of the silvery stripe. Fringes metallic, whitish at base of apex. Hind wings pale cinereous ; fringes whitish. Habitat, — Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts, New York,. Illinois, Texas. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus multilineellus. (Plate I., fig. 12.) Crambus multilineellus FeTn.^ Ent. Am., Vol. TIL, p. 37 (1887), Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Palpi, head and thorax dull ochre-yellow. Fore wings bright ochre-yellow ; a white stripe, extending nearly to the apex, leaving the extreme edge of the costa fuscous ; a median white stripe from the base of the wing along the lower part of the cell, out as far as the subterminal line, the outer portion separated by an oblique yellow band. This band, between the two white stripes, edged on each side with a fine line of black and metallic lead-colored scales ; similar lines along the inter- venular spaces. All the lines terminate just before the sub- terminal line. Three or four oblique yellow lines, edged outwardly with white, cross the outer part of the costal 38 white stripe. The subterminal line, overlaid with metallic lead-colored scales, runs down near the outer margin of the wing, where it bends and runs to the hind margin, nearly parallel with the outer margin. A terminal row of five black dots. Fringes pale metallic lead color. Hind wings and fringes white. Abdomen, underside of^ body and the legs dull ochre-yellow. Habitat, — Florida. Early stages and food plant un- known. Crambus albellus. (Plate III., fig. 5.) Cramhus albellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 204 (1860). Crambus albellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 76, 88 (1894). Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and abdo- men pure white. Fore wings white, with a few dark-brown flecks scattered over the hind portion. An oblique, pale- yellow, acutely angulated line from near the middle of the costa to the cell. The strongly angulated outer line silvery white, bordered on each side with yellow. A yellow line from the costa to the terminal line under the apex. A yel- low spot on the apical space. Five black marginal dots, with a short blackish line above. Fringe yellow, with golden lus- tre. Hind wings pale gray or whitish. '^ Egg, — Creamy white when first laid, gradually turn- ing to pale straw color before hatching. Form, nearly oval ; size, .39 mm. by .33 mm. The egg-shell has eighteen longi- tudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. ** Larva, First Stage. — Head diameter, .175 mm. ; body diameter, .125 mm. ; length, .75 mm. General color a smutty white, head darker, and the thoracic shield a little darker than the body. Scattered brown hairs occur on the head ; rows of numerous small tubercles occur on the body." (Felt.) Habitat, — Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jer- sey, Pennsylvania, Canada, Labrador. Food, grass. 39 Crambus pusionellus. (Plate III., fig. 6.) Crambus pusionellus Zell., Chil et Cram., p. 16 (1863). Crambus pusionellus Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXXIII., p. 470, Plate II., fig. 3 (1872). Vramhns pusionellus Zell., Exot. Micro., p. 33 (1877). Ex})a,nse of wings, 15 mm. Palpi white, brownish on the outside ; head and thorax white. Fore wings lustrous white, with a few scattered brown scales ; median line brown, aris- ing from middle of costa, extending out to the end of the cell, thence nearly straight to the hind margin a little be- yond the middle, but broken on the fold, gradually dilated in the latter part of its course ; subterminal line brown, double, arising from outer fourth of Qosta, extending out- wardly to near the middle of hind margin, then running to outer fourth of hind margin, giving off an inward angle on the fold. A brown spot on the costa, just before the apex, sometimes extended into a streak. Subterminal space more or less stained with brownish. Terminal line dark brown, with three dark-brown dots above the anal angle. Fringes whitish, more or less stained with metallic fuscous. Hind wings and fringes white. Habitat, — California. Early stages and food plants un- known. 4:0 Ckambus hortuellus. (Plate II., fig. 11.) Tinea Hortuella Hiib., Tine«, p. 29, Plate VII., f5gs.45, 46 (1803). Tinea Cespitella Hub., Tinese, p. 29, Plate VII., fig. 45 (1803) Tinea Falsella Schrank, Faun. Boic, Vol. II., p. 103 (1804). Chilo Hortuellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. II., p. 62 (1817). Chilo hortuellus Tr., Schm., Vol. IX., p. 84 (1832). Crambus hortuellus Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 322 (1834). Cr ambits hortuellus Dup., Nat. Hist. Lep., Vol. X., Plate CCLXIX., fig. 1 (1836). Crambus Hortuellus H. S , Schm., Vol. IV., p. 59 (1849). Crambus Hortuellus Wood, Ind. Ent, p. 216, No. 1497 (1854). Crambus hortuellus Staint., Man., Vol. II., p. 182 (1859). Crambus hortuellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 24 (1863). Crambus Hortuellus Hein., Schm., Vol. I., p. 125 (1865). Crambus topiarius Z^ll., Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXVIL, p. 155 (1866). Crambus hortuellus Praun, Tineidas, Plate II., fig. 3 (1869). Crarnbus topiarius Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XII., p. 17 (1880). Crambus topiarius Grote, Papilio, Vol. II., p. 74 (1882). Crambus topiarius Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 75, 87 (1894). Crambus topiarius Scud., Ins. Life, Vol. VII., p. 1 (1894). Crambus hortuellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Ent., p. 391 (1895). Expanse of wings, 16-22 mm. Palpi pale cinereou€, shin- ing fuscous on the outside ; head and thorax pale cinereous. Fore wings very pale cinereous, gradually changing to ochre- ous outwardly ; intervenular spaces fuscous brown ; a brown oblique line, arising a little before the middle of the costa, runs obliquely half way to the cell, then bends toward the submarginal line and nearly joins another oblique costal line of the same color; sub terminal line fuscous brown, edged outwardly with dark lead-colored scales, arising from the outer third of the costa, crosses the wings to the outer fourth of the hind margin, forming an obtuse angle in the middle of its course ; an oblique leaden streak in the apical portion of the subterminal space. Terminal line black above, followed by three black dots below. Fringes silvery gray. Hind wings pale gray to dark gray, with a darker terminal line not reaching the anal angle ; fringes whitish. (Fig. 1,/.) Habitat. — Maine, Massachusetts, New York, California, Europe. Food, grass, cranberry, sheep-sorrel. 41 ** Egg. — When first laid, pellucid white, obovate, broadly rounded at both extremities, but slightly more so at base than at summit ; broadest barely below the middle, 0.36 mm. high and 0.3 mm. broad, with about twenty-three straight and vertical ribs of slight elevation reaching to the dome of the summit, their interspaces crossed by finer, hori- zontal, raised cross-lines, which traverse also the vertical ribs, giving them a beaded appearance, the surface thus broken up into quadrangular cells whose length (the width Fig. 1.— Cram6u8 hortuellus : a, egg, with summit much enlarged; 6, mature larva; c, one of the abdominal segments of larva; d, pupa; e, neat of young larvss in grass; /, imago — all enlarged.— From •• Insect Life." of the interspaces between the ribs) in the middle of the egg is 0.04 mm., and whose height is scarcely 0.02 mm., the surface itself very delicately* shagreened. On the dome of the summit the surface is broken into polygonal cells which are about 0.04 mm. in diameter below, and grow smaller toward the apex." (Fig. 1, a.) (Scudder.) ^^ Larva, First Stage, — Head diameter, 0.2 mm. ; body diameter, 0.125 mm.; length, 0.99 mm. General color a smutty white ; head a little darker than the rest of the body. Scattered hairs occur on the head ; numerous small dark-col- ored tubercles occur on the body, each bearing at least one hair." (Felt.) 42 ^^ Larva, Last Stage, — Head shining luteo-castaneous^ the ocellar field, labrum and clypeus black. Body pallid fuliginous, the harder parts glistening; dorsal shield of first thoracic segment luteous, inconspicuous ; surface cov- ered with longer or shorter erect bristles, which are very fine, and taper to an exquisitely fine point ; they are blackish at base, but beyond testaceous ; the longer ones are nearly as long as the breadth of the body, and are situated in lateral and infrastigmatal series ; the shorter ones are hardly as long as the segments, and are distributed on the sides of the body ; there is also a series of intermediate in length and laterodorsal in position, situated in the middle of the larger anterior divi- sion of the segments, while the lateral series lies on the smaller posterior section ; under surface and prolegs pallid, the claws luteous. Length, 15 mm." (Fig. 1, h and c.) (Scudder.) ** Chrysalis, — Nearly uniform, very pale honey yellow, more pallid beneath; the wings, excepting at base, with a very slight olivaceous tinge; all the thoracic and the first two abdominal segments, as well as the wings and legs, finely edged at the incisures with dark castaneous, darkest near the head ; all the abdominal segments are bordered pos- teriorly, at least on the dorsal surface, with pale testaceous \ lips of spiracles fuscous ; cremaster blackish or blackish fus- cous. Length, 7.75 mm. ; breadth, 2.25 mm." (Fig. 1, d,) (Scudder.) 43 Ckambus perlellus. (Plate III., fig. 14.) Phalcena Perlellus Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 243, No. 620 (1763). Tinea Argentella Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 658 (1775). Tinea Perlella Wien. Verz., p. 134 (1776). Tinea Perlella Knoch.,Beitr.,Vol. I.,p. 68, Plate IV., fig. 6 (1781). Tinea Perlella Goeze, Ent. Bcitr., Vol. III., part 4, p. 142 (1783). Tinea Perlella Schrank, Faun. Boic, Vol. II., p. 102 (1793). Tinea Dealbella Thunb., Diss. Ent., Vol. VIL, p. 84 (1794). Tinea perlella Fab., Ent. Syst., Vol. III., part 2, p. 292 (1794). Tinea argentella Fab., Ent. Syst., Vol. III., part 2, p. 296 (1794). Crambus argenteus Fab., Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 471 (1799). Tinea Perlella Hiib., Tine^, Plate VL, fig. 40 (1803). Chilo Perlellus Zlnck., Germ. Mag., Vol. II., p. 97 (1817). Chilo Perlellus Treits., Schm. Eur., Vol. IX., part 1, p. 129 (1832). Crambus argyreus Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 318 (1834). Crambus Arbustorum Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 319 (1834). Crambus argentellus Steph., 111. Br. Ent. Haust., Vol. IV., p. 319 (1834). Crambus perlellus Dup., Nat. Hist. Lep., Vol. X., p. 114, Plate CCLXXIV., fig. 2 (1836). Crambus Perlellus H. S , Schm., Vol. IV , p. 66 (1849). Crambus perlellus Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. X.,p. 313 (1849). Crambus perlellus Zell., Bresl. Zeit., Vol. III., p. 11 (1850). Crambus Argentellus Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 215, No. 1488 (1854). Crambus perlellus Staint., Man., Vol. II., p. 184 (1859). Crambus perlellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 49 (1863). Crambus innotatellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVIL, p. 156 (1863). Crambus inornatellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVIL, p. 157 (1863). Crambus sericinellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 49 (1863). Crambus inornatellus Clem., Pr. Ent. Soc. Ph., Vol. 11., p. 418 (1864). Crambus Perlellus Hein., Schm., Vol. L, part 2, p. 143 (1865). Crarnbus perlellus Praun, Tineidae, Plate II , fig. 15 (1869). Crambus sericinellus Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XIIL, p. 66 (1881). Crambus innotatellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins , pp. 74, 87 (1894). Crambus perlellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Ent., p. 393 (1895). Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Palpi, head and thorax pure sil- very white. Fore wings very lustrous, pure silvery white. Hind wings and abdomen white, with a slightly cinereous 44 tint, especially on the apical part of the wings. All the fringes white. Habitat. — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Onta- rio, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Illinois, California. Food, grass. '* Egg. — Creamy white when first laid, gradually chang- ing to a scarlet color before hatching. Form, elliptical oval ; size, .45 mm. by .36 mm. The egg-shell has sixteen longi- tudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. ^' Larva, First Stage, — Head diameter, .19 mm.; body diameter, .15 mm. ; length, 1.05 mm. Body a dull straw color, with irregular reddish blotches on the dorsum. Scat- tered light-colored hairs occur on the head and body." (Felt.) Crambus turbatellus. (Plate HI., fig. 13.) Arequipa turbatella Walk., Lep. Het, Vol. XXYII., p. 196 (1863). Crambus hipunciellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 23 (1863). Crambus bipunciellus Robs., Ann. Lye. N. Y., Vol. IX., p. 313 (1870). Crambus turbatellus Felt, Grass-eating Ins., p. 86 (1894). Expanse of wings, 22-25 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings snow white, the last with the median stripe rep- resented by one or two dark-brow^n dots at the end of the cell, and one or two similar ones below the outer fourth of the cell. The subterminal line consists of a row of dark- brown dots angulated beyond the end of the cell ; a terminal row of seven black dots, the one nearest the apex elongated. Fringes white. Hind wings snow white, sometimes with a central pale fuscous shade. Fringes snow white. Habitat, — Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illi- nois. Food plants and early stages unknown. 45 Crambus elegans. (Plate IV., fig. 8.) Crambus elegans Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 204 (1860). Crambus ierminellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 27 (1863). Crambus elegans Zell, Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXXIII., p. 473, Plate II., fig. 6 (1872). Crambus elegans Zell., Beitr., p. 93 (1872). Crambus elegansZeW., Exot. Mic, p. 45 (1877). Crambus elegans Felt, Grass-eating Ins., pp. 74, 86 (1894). Expanse of wings, 12-15 mm. Palpi white above, slightly fuscous on the outside ; head and thorax white, fuscous on the sides. Fore wings white ; base of costa streaked with bright brown with a brassy lustre ; a patch of brown on the hind margin near the base, and a short curved streak near its mid- dle, which iorms with its opposite, when the wings are closed, a semicircular dorsal line, beyond which the wing is thickly dusted with brown ; a broad brown band, very broad on the costa, where it encloses a small white spot and a nearly straight brown subterminal line resting on a silvery-white ground. A marginal row of fine black points on the silvery terminal space. Fringes metallic cinereous. Hind wings pale lustrous cinerous, with lighter fringes. Habitat. — Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Texas. Food, grass. ^' Ugg. — Creamy white when first laid, gradually turn- ing to an orange-buff color before hatching. Form, oval ; size, .42 mm. by .30 mm. The egg-shell has sixteen longi- tudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. ^^ Larva, First Stage. — Head diameter, .2 mm.; body diameter, .125 mm. ; length, 1.09 mm. Head and thoracic shield light brown ; body a dirty straw color. Scattered hairs occur on the head and body." (Felt.) 46 Crambus myellus. (Plate II., fig. 7.) Phalcena Pineiella Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 244 (1763). Tinea Conchella Wien. Verz., p. 134 (1776). Tinea Pinetella Enoch., Beitr., Vol. I., Plate IV., fig. 5 (1781). Tinea conchella Wien. Verz., Illig. ed , Vol. II., p. 83 (1801). Tinea Myella Hub., Tine«, Plate VI., fig. 37 (1803). Tinea Pinetella Schrank, Faun. Boic, Vol. II., p. 101 (1804). Bombyx Pineti Esp., Suppl., p. 54, Plate LXXXIX , figs. 4, 5 (1807). Chilo Conchellus Zinck., Germ. Mag , Vol, II., p. 74 (1817). Catoptria Conchalis Hiib., Verz., p. 365 (1818). Chilo conchellus Tr., Schm., Vol. IX , part 1, p. 97 (1832). Crambus conchellus Dup., Nat. Hist. Lep., Vol. X., p. 91, Plate CCLXXI. (1836). Crambus Myellus H. S , Schm., Vol. IV., p. 64 (1849). Crambus Hercynioe Hein., Bresl. Zeit., p. 3 (1854). Crambus latiradiellus Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVII., p. 157 (1863). Crambus interruptus Grote, Can. Ent , Vol. IX., p. 101 (1877). Crambus interruptus Grote, Can. Ent., Vol. XIL, p. 15 (1880). Crambus myellus Meyr., Handb. Br. Lep., p. 392 (1895). Expanse of wings, 19-24 mm. Head white above ; palpi white above and beneath, brown on the outside ; thorax white above, brownish on the sides. Fore wings pale fer- ruginous, with a snow-white stripe extending through the middle of the wing from the base to near the outer border ; this stripe and also the apical portion of the wing edged with dark ferruginous ; two slightly curving, oblique, dark fer- ruginous bars cross the white stripe, one at the middle of the wing, the other very near the outer end of the stripe. A terminal row of black dots. Fringes dark smoky fus- cous, cut by white in three or four places. Hind wings pale fuscous. Habitat. — Nova Scotia, Maine, Europe. Early stages and food plant unknown. 47 Crambus luctifekellus luctuellus. (Plate II., fig. 8.) Grambus luctuellus H. S., Schm., Vol. VI., p. 145, Plate III., fig. 21 (1852). Expanse of wings, 20-22 mm. Head white above and in front; palpi white above and beneath, dark brown on the outside. Fore wings dark cinnamon brown, with a white stripe through the middle, extending from the base to near the outer margin, gradually widening outwardly, and inter- rupted by two broad, oblique, dark-brown bars, the inner one a little beyond the middle of the wing, the outer one very near the end of the white stripe, each curved on the sides toward each other. A terminal row of black dots. Fringes dark smoky brown, metallic. Hind wings fuscous. Habitat. — Labrador, Washington, Europe. Early stages and food plant unknown. Crambus vulgivagellus. (Plate Y., fig. 15.) Crambus vulgivagellus Clem., Pr. Ph. Ac. Sci., p. 204 (1860). Crambus aurifimbrialis Walk., Lep. Het., Vol. XXVII., p. 157 (1863). Crambus chalybirostris Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 40 (1863). Crambus vulgivagellus Riley, Dept. Agr., 1881-82, pp. 179-183 (1881). Crambus vulgivagellus Saund., Can. Ent., Vol. XIII., pp. 181, 199 (1881). Crambus vulgivagellus Lintn., Rep. Ins. N. Y., Vol. I., p. 127 (1882). Crambus vulgivagellus Fern., Stand. Nat. Hist., Vol. II., p. 276 (1885). Crambus vulgivagellus Osborn, Ins. Life, Vol. VI., pp. 72, 78 (1893). Crambus vulgivagellus Felt, Grass/eating Ins., pp. 69, 85 (1894) . Expanse of wings, 20-39 mm. Palpi very long, heavily scaled at the tip, luteous, dark fuscous on the outside ; head and thorax luteous. Fore wings luteous or dull yellowish, with numerous fuscous streaks formed by atoms between the veins, and two in the cell. A terminal line of seven black dots. Fringes with a golden lustre. Hind wings fus- cous; fringes long, pale yellowish. (Fig. 2, d.) 48 This is a very common insect, and the amount of damage done by the larvae is very great, hundreds of acres of grass land sometimes being destroyed. The larva spins a delicate web among the roots of the grass, and gradually forms a tube in which it is entirely concealed. As it increases in size it extends the tube downward into the ground, and when the insect is full grown the tube is sometimes nearly two inches in length. Fig. 2. — Crambus vulgivagellus : a, larva; 6, the larval case in the grass; c, the cocoon in the ground ; d, the moth, a dark epeciraen; e, wing of a light specimen; /, the moth at rest; g, the egg enlarged, its natural size shown beside It. — From the Department of Agriculture. Habitat, — Nova Scotia, Ontario, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Texas, California, Vancouver Island. Food, grass, wheat, rye and other grains. ^^ Egg, — A pale straw color when first laid, gradually turning to an ochreous buff color before hatching. Form, elliptical oval ; size, .45 mm. by .36 mm. The egg-shell has twenty longitudinal ridges and numerous smaller transverse ridges. (Fig. 2, g.) ^^ Larva, First Stage. — Head diameter, .19 mm. ; body diameter, .175 mm.; length, 1.25 mm. Head a dark brown; thoracic shield olive, and the body a straw-yellow color. Scattered light-colored hairs occur on the head and on the numerous small brownish tubercles on the body. 49 ^* Larva, Late in the Fall. — Length, 2.5 mm. Head jet black ; thoracic shield a deep brown ; body brown, with deep-brown tubercles. The fifth to thirteenth segments in- clusive are divided into cephalic and caudal portions by a short transverse constriction." (Fig. 2, a.) (Felt.) ^^ Cocoon, — Average length, .9 inch; diameter at the broadest part, .24 inch. The shape is subcylindrical, but varying from an almost uniform diameter to an enlargement of the lower portion to twice the diameter of the upper part.'* (Fig. 2,c.) (Lintner.) *' Pujpa, — Average length, about .4 inch ; average great- est diameter, . 1 inch. Color, pale brown. Head case pro- jected at the tip, and eye cases prominent. Tip of wing covers rounding over the segment, the inner wing cover showinor its mar Plate XI., fig. 5 (1881). Diatrcea obliteratella Com., Report Dep. Ag., p. 240 (1881). Diatrcea obliteratella. Moesch., Lep. Fauna von Port , p. 322 (1890). Diatrcea striatalis Snell., Tijds. v. Ent., Vol. XXXIV., p. 349, Plate II., figs. 1-4 (1891). Expanse of wings, 28-38 mm. Head, palpi, antennae,, thorax and fore wings pale ochre-yellow, the latter with darker venular and intervenular lines ; one discal and sevea terminal dots black. Hind wings white in the females, pal© yellow in the males. All the fringes are concolorous with the adjacent part of the wings. There is a curved line of more or less distinct brown dots from within the apex across the wing, curving in towards the base of the hind margin, and also a trace of a second parallel line between this and the end of the cell. These lines of dots occur more or less» distinctly in the males and also in a few females. Habitat, — South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Kansas, West Indies, South America. Food plants, corn and sugar- cane. Bgg. — The eggs are flat and circular, 1 mm. in diameter, white when first deposited, but turn yellow before hatching. They are laid early in the spring, upon the leaves of the young cane, near the axils, and, hatching in a few days, the larvae bore their way into the stems in the immediate vicin- ity, and work upwards through the soft pith. The larvae grow very rapidly, and leave their burrows occasionally to .75 crawl about on the outside of^the stalk, and bore in again in a new place. The full-grown larva is about an inch long, rather slender, nearly cylindrical, cream white in color, and has a yellow head. When full grown it bores a hole to the surface, then retires a short distance and transforms into a slender brown pupa, about three-fourths of an inch long. In a few days the moth emerges and lays eggs for another brood, of which there are several in a season. They are supposed to hibernate in the larval stage. The above account is compiled from the Report of the Department of Agriculture for 1880, p. 240, where remedies, are given for this insect. DiATR^A ALLENi. (Plate Y., fig. 9.) Diatroea alleni Fern., Ent. Am., Vol. IV., p. 120 (1888). Expanse of wings, 30 mm. Head, palpi above and middle part of the collar cream white. Outer side of the labial palpi, sides of the head and thorax and the fore wings cream buff. The hind border of the fore wings as far £ts vein 1, and a few longitudinal streaks beyond the brown discal spot, paler, and the whole surface of the wing evenly and sparsely sprinkled with minute brown scales ; terminal line brown, fine, somewhat broken, not reaching the anal angle. Fringes whitish at the base, but darker beyond. Hind wings sordid cream color, but lighter on the basal part. Fringes lighter than the adjacent parts of the wings. Under side of the fore wings pale fuscous, with the brown terminal line reproduced. Habitat. — Orono, Maine. Early stages and food plant unknown. 76 DiATR^A DiTTERENTiALis. (Plate VI., figs. 7 and 8.) Diatrcea differentialis Fern., Ent. Am., Vol. IV., p. 120 (1888). Expanse of wings, 43 mm. in the males, 54-61 mm. in the females. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax and fore wings seal brown. The top of the head and palpi, and the posterior edge of the fore wings as far as vein 1, somewhat lighter, and the fore wings sprinkled with dark scales ; a small dark- brown discal spot at the end of the cell ; a terminal row of seven spots of the same color, the one at the anal angle being double. Hind wings pale fuscous, lighter towards the base, which is of the same color as the abdomen. Under side of the hind wings like the upper side in color, and the under side of the fore wings a little darker ; legs pale seal brown, darker in front. The female has the head, palpi, thorax and fore wings of a light brownish color, the latter sprinkled with brownish atoms. The discal and terminal spots are similar to those in the male. The remaining parts of the insect are similar to those in the male, except that the shades incline to yellowish. The difference of color between the two sexes, as shown above, is most remarkable. Habitat. — Florida. Early stages and food plant unknown. DiATRiEA iDALis u. sp. (Plate VI., fig. 12.) Expanse of wings, 25-34 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings pale mouse color, with a faint indication of an oblique row of brown dots across the end of the cell in one specimen. Hind wings pure white. Described from one female in my collection. I have a male from the National Museum, in very poor condition, which is somewhat darker, and indicates that the markings on the fore wings are more prominent. The hind wings are pale gray. Habitat. — New Jersey, Georgia. I take pleasure in naming this interesting insect for Miss Ida J. Russell, who has rendered me most valuable assistance in my entomologi- cal work. 77 CHILO ZiNCKEN. Face with a conical projection ; eyes large, sub-hemi- spherical ; ocelli present ; antennae about two-thirds as long as the costa, ciliate in the male ; labial palpi porrect, nearly three times as long as the head; maxillary palpi about as long as the head, triangular, and resting on the labial palpi ; tongue short ; thorax smooth ; abdomen in the male with a small anal tuft; legs stout, of medium length, outer spurs about two-thirds as long as the inner. Fore wings with twelve veins, 8 and 9 from one stalk, all the others separate ; cell closed. Hind wings with eight veins, 4 and 5 from one point or stalked ; cell closed. Synopsis of the Species. j Fore wings with metallic fringes and sprinkles, . plejadellus. \ Fore wings without metallic scales, 2. f Fore wings with veins interlined with dark, . . . densellus. 1 Fore wings with the veins not interlined, . ... 3. J Fore wings with the ground color white, . . squamulellus. \ Fore wings with ground color brown, 4. J Hind wings dark fuscous, comptulatalis. 1 Hind wings white, fuscous apically, . . . forbesellus. 78 Chilo plejadellus. (Plate Y., figs. 10, male, and 11, female.) Chilo plejadellus Zinck., Germ. Mag., Vol. IV., p. 251 (1821). Jartheza sahuUfera Walk., Lep. Ilet., Vol. XXVIL, p. 185 (1863). Gr ambus plejadellus Zell., Chil. et Cram., p. 26 (1863). Diphryx prolatella Grote, Bull. U. S. Geo. Sur., Vol. VI., p. 273 (1881). Chilo oryzae^llus Riley, Rep. Dep. Ag., p. 135, Plate Vn., fig. 1 (1882). Expanse of wings, 22-32 mm. Head, thorax and fore wings pale ochreous ; labial palpi quite bushy, clothed with numerous black scales and hairs intermixed. Fore wings with numer- ous ferruginous scales scattered between the veins, across the end and below the cell ; a series of golden metallic scales forms a subterminal line rounded and curved away from the apex ; a termi- nal row of seven black Fig. 3. — Chilo plejadellus : a, larva, side view in split stem ; 6, larva, back view ; c, pupa; d, female moth, natural size; e, tip of pupa from beneath ; /, head of the same, side view — enlarged. — From Depart- ment of Agriculture. dots. Fringes golden metallic, with metallic scales scattered over the wing. Hind wings rather paler. Female (fig. 3, d) much lighter in color than the male, hind wings and abdomen pure white, palpi less bushy, and with less brown scattered over theibre wings. ^' Larva, — Average length, 23 mm. Head dark brown, and furnished with a few scattered brownish hairs (fig. 3, a and b). Thoracic shield light brown, median line still paler, front margin whitish ; Br blackish triangular spot, widening towards the lateral margin, on each side of the dorsal line. Color of the body pale yellowish white, slightly transparent, marked with four rather indistinct, pale-purplish stripes, of which those bordering the stigmata are scarcely half as broad as the others. Tubercles large, oval, pale yellowish and polished ; stigmata small, transversely oval, brown, the last pair twice as large as the others. Anal shield yellow, polished, furnished with a row of hairs upon each side and two near the middle ; it is marked with a few brownish spots. Legs yellow. ^^ Papa. — Length, 17 mm. Color, yellowish brown; head, thorax, wing-sheaths and stigmata somewhat darker ; eyes black. Head bent forward, its front somewhat pointed. Thorax Avith very fine transverse striae. Abdominal seg- ments 5-7 armed dorsally near their anterior margin with numerous very minute brownish spines ; all segments with extremely fine granulations. Tip of last segment rounded, with a longitudinal lateral impression ; expanded dorsally into two flattened projections, each being divided into broad teeth (fig. 3, c, e and/)." (Riley.) Habitat, — Pennsylvania, Georgia, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Food plants : this insect is a borer in the stems of rice, and probably of other plants. Chilo densellus. (Plate Y., fig. 7.) Chilo densellus Zell., Col. Chil., p. 5, Plate XL, fig. 2 (1881). Spermatophthora multilineatella Hulst, Ent. Am., Vol. III., p. 184 (1887). Expanse of wings, 18-21 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings pale ochreous, with venular and intervenular dark ochreous lines. Discal and seven terminal dots black. Hind wings pale yellow. Females paler, with more pointed fore wings and white hind wings. All the fringes concolorous with the wings. Habitat. — Florida, Texas, Illinois. Food plants and early stages unknown. Chilo squamulellus. (Plate Y., fig. 12.) Chilo sqvamulellus Zell., Col. Chil., p. 5, Plate XI., fig. 3 (1881). Expanse of wings, 18-21 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings white, sprinkled with brown atoms. The inner cross-line pale straw yellow, and, starting from the basal 80 third of the costa, extends in a straight line to the end of the cell, where it forms an acute angle and runs to the mid- dle of the hind margin, giving off one tooth in the middle of its course. The outer line white, bordered on each side with a fine, pale, straw-yellow line, and, starting from the outer fourth of the costa, curves around to the fold, where it forms an obtuse inward angle, then runs to the hind mar- gin. Fringe trisected by two fine black lines through it. Hind wings pure white. Habitat. — Texas. Food plant and early stages unknown. Chilo comptulatalis. (Plate VI., fig. 9.) Crambus comptulatalis Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII., p. 167 (1886). Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings dark umber brown, the latter with numerous black scales along the basal half of the submedian fold, broken by a light spot. Black-and-white scales scattered in the outer part of the cell, and a black discal dot surrounded by white scales. The arcuate outer cross-line half way between the cell and end of the wing, and from which indistinct dark lines extend to the terminal dark-brown dots. Hind wings and abdomen dark fuscous throughout. Habitat. — Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, Nebraska, Van- couver Island. Food plant and early stages unknown. Chilo forbesellus n. sp. (Plate VI., figs. 10 and 11.) Expanse of wings, 23-38 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings dark umber brown, varying in depth of shade according to the freshness of the specimen. Fore wings with more or less white scales on the outer part of the cell, the cellular black dot in the midst of them ; a similar series of white scales scattered along the submedian fold, with a black dash near the middle of the wing in the fold and another a little before it. The outer cross-line and termi- nal row of black dots are visible only in more or less worn specimens. Hind wings white, pale fuscous apically, with a dark-brown broken, terminal line not reachino^ the anal 81 angle. First two segments of the abdomen white, remain- ing segments pale yellow. Female larger and lighter in color than the male, discal and terminal dots more plainly visible and hind wings lighter. Habitat, — New York, Illinois. There are a male and a female of this species in the National Museum, labelled *' From Scirpus, D. C. Kellicot, Buffalo, N. Y." It is probable that this insect is a stem borer in Scirpus. Named in honor of Prof. S. A. Forbes, from whom it was received, in recognition of his valuable contributions to economic entomology. Explanation of Plate A. :.^^^m, Anatomy of Crambus laqueatellus. The original drawings for Plates A, B and C were made by Mr. R. A. CooLEY, under my direction and supervision. a, antenna; c, clypeue; e, eye; Z, labrum ; m, mandibles; o, ocelli; s, scapula; sa, spiny area; mp, maxillary palpi; Ip, labial palpi; p^, prothoracic lobes; s', mesoBcutum ; s^, metascutum ; sm^, mesoscutellum ; sm^, metascutel- lum; c^, c2, // /.? M The original drawings for plates I-VI were made by Miss Ella M. Palmer. Explanation of Plate I. 1. Crambus satrapellus. 2. Crambus leacbellus. 3. Crambus pascuellus. 4. Crambus bastiferellus. 5. Crambus carpenterellus. 6. Crambus unistriatellus. 7. Crambus preefectellus. 8. Crambus bidens. 9. Crambus alboclavellus. 10. Cramibus agitatellus. 11. Crambus laqueatellus. 12. Crambus multilineellus. 13. Crambus girardellus. 14. Crambus gausapalis. 15. Crambus decorellus. Explanation of Plate II. 1. Crambus argillaceellus. 2. Crambus minimellus. 3. Crambus occidentalis. 4. Crambus hamellus. 5. Crambus albilineellus. «. Crambus trichostomus. 7. Crambus myellus. 8. Crambus luctiferellus luctuellus. 9. Crambus mutabilis. 10. Crambus anceps. 11. Crambus hortuellus. 12. Crambus dissectus. 13. Crambus hemioclirellus. 14. Crambus ruricolellus. 15. Crambus bolterellus. ^ig^l^2^ ^1^ ^ // jj^ I /V w^ W0 Explanation of Plate III. 1. Crambus cypridalis. 2. Crambus dumetellus. 3. Crambus hulstellus. 4. Crambus attenuatus. 5. Crambus albellus. 6. Crambus pusionellus. 7. Crambus labradoriensis. 8. Crambus color adellus. Fore wing enlarged. 9. Crambus oregonicus. 10. Crambus teterrellus. 11. Crambus trisectus. 12. Crambus undatus. 13. Crambus turbatellus. 14. Crambus perlellus. 15. Crambus inornatellus. Explanation of Plate IV. 1. Crarabus biothanatalis. 2. Crarabus caliginosellus. 3. Or ambus caliginosellus. 4. Crambus zeellus. 5. Crambus luteolellus. 6. Crambus luteolellus ulse. 7. Crambus laciniellus. 8. Crambus elegans, 9. Thaumatopsis pectinifer. 10. Thaumatopsis striatellus. 11. Thaumatopsis magniflcus. 12. Thaumatopsis edonis. 13. Crambus dimidiatellus. 14. Thaumatopsis pexellus. 15. Thaumatopsis repandus. %lr ^1^ IfR^F^-T^ vf^"* // fc ■•*' <■ "^ ^1^ ^f^ ^^^f"^ /.^ // Explanation of Plate V. 1. Argyria nivalis. 2. Argryria argentana. 3. Argyria auratella. 4. Argyria lacteella. 5. Argyria lacteella. 6. Arg-yria lacteella. 7. Chilo densellus. 8. Diatreea saccharalis. 9. Diatreea alleni. 10. Chilo plejadellus, male. 11. Chilo plejadellus, female. 12. Chilo squamulellus. 13. Euchromius ocelleus. 14. Euchromius ocelleus. 16. Crambus vulgivagellus. Explanation of Plate VI. 1. Prionapteryx nebulifera. 2. Prionapteryx achatina. 3. Prionapteryx achatina. 4. Prionapteryx cuneolalis. 5. Eugrotea dentella. 6. Cr ambus bonifatellus. 7. Diatrsea differentialis, male. 8. Diatrsea differentialis, female. 9. Chilo comptulatalis. 10. Chilo forbesellus, male. 11. Chilo forbesellus, female. 12. Diatreea idalis. 13. PseudoschcBnobius opalescalls. 14. Uinta oreadella. PtA "^^t^i^Wf ^asrfkas^ /■/ INDEX OF GENERA. PAGE AgHphilay 33 Araxes, 69 Arequipa, 44 Argyria, 70 Argyroteuchia, . ; . . 33 Botnbyx, .46 Carvanca, 59 Catharylla, . . . . 71, 72 Catoptriay 46 Chilo, 77 Chilo, . 15, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 40, 43, 46, 51, 52, 55, 74 Crambus, 18 Crambus, . 14, 15, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 78, 80 Diatraea, 73 Diphryx, 78 Eromene, 69 Euchromius, 68 PAGE Eugrotea, 16 Geometrttf 71 Uydrocampay 71 Jartheza, 78 Palparia, 69 Phalana, . . 27, 43, 46, 71, 74 Phycis 69 Prionapteryx, 13 PrionopteryXy . . . . 14, 15 Propexus, .... 66, 67 Pseudoschoenobius, ... 17 Pyralisy 71, 72 Schcenobitis, 18 Spermatophthoray . " . . 57, 79 Thaumatopsis, .... 65 Tinea, . . 25,27,33,40,43,46,72 Tortrix, 71 Uinta 12 Urola, 71, 72 INDEX OF SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES. PAGE achatina, 14 aculeilellus, 22 agitatellus, 37 albana, 72 albellus, 38 albilineellus, 55 alboclavellus, 36 alleni, 75 anceps, 50 arbustorum, .... 43 argentana 71 argentata, 71 argentella, 43 argentellus, 43 argenteus, 43 argillaceellus, 24 PAGE argyreus, 43 attenuatus, 54 auratella, 72 auratellus, 72 aurifimbrialis, 47 behrensellus, 49 bidens, . . . . . .32 biliturellus, 59 biothanatalis, 49 bipunctelluSf 44 bolterellus, 53 bonifatellus, 57 bonttsculalis, 52 californicalia, 69 caliginosellus, 61 camurellus, 51 92 PAOB 1 carpenterellus, . . . .26 cesjiitella, . 40 chalybirostris, . 47 cirillella, . . 69 coloradellus, . 52 comptulatalis, . 80 conchalis, 46 conchella, . 46 conchellus, . 46 crambidoides, . 74 cuneolalis, . 15 cypridalis, . 26 cyrilli, . . 69 dealbella, . . 43 decorellus, . 52 delectalis, 14 densellus, 79 dentella, . . 16 differentialis, 76 dimidiatellus, 61 dissectus, 31 dumetalis, 33 dumetella, 33 dumetellus, 33 duplicaUis, 64 edonis, . 67 elegans, . 45 elegantellus, . 22 ensigerella, 25 ensigerellm, . 25 exesus, 30 exsiccatus, 59 extorralis, 22 falsella, . 40 fioridus, . 27 forbesellus, 80 _funiculella, 69 funiculellus, . 69 fuscicostelluSj , 57 fuscipes, . 71 gausapalis, 34 ■girardellus, 28 ^oodellianus, , 52 hamellus, 25 hastiferellus, 22 haytiellus, 55 hemiochrellus, 58 hercynice, 46 holochrellus, 64 hortuella, 40 hortuellus, 40 hulstellus, 53 idalis, 76 incertella, 15 innotatellus, 43, 65 1 inornatellus, 43 1 interminellus, . i?iterrv])tus , involutellus, labradoriensis, laciniellus, lacteella, . laqueatellus, . latiradiellus, . leachellus, longipalpus, luctiferellus luctuellus, luctuellus, lusella, luteolellus, luteolellus ulse, macro])terellus, magnificus, michrochysella, minimellus, niultilineatella, multilineellus, mutabilis, myella, myellus, . nebulifera, nivalis, . nivihumellus, nummulalis, obliteratella, obliteratellus , ocellea, ocelleus, . occidentalis, olivella, . opalescalis, oreadella, oregonicus, oryz