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MAY 1972
CRANBERRIE&^v
THE NATIONAL CRANBfERRY MAGAZINE
t'.'37 ^
PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY
JUN 2 9 1972
Banning DDT is a Big Mistake 7
Mass. Farm Bureau 15
Woman's Page vv-.t-v. ^^'^^--j^^^-^-^^t^;^::^^.- 1^
LIBRARY - SERIALS SECTJ UNIV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01003
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Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
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In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
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OCEAN SPRAY NAMES NEW OFFICERS
At a recent meeting of the Board of Directors of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., George C. P. Olsson was elected Chairman of the Board. At the same meeting Harold Thorkilsen was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Thorkilsen had held the position of Executive Vice President and General Manager of the cooperative.
Over two million barrels of cranberries were handled in 1971 by Ocean "le country's largest producer and processor of cranberry products.
George C. P. Olsson
Harold ThorkUsen
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GROWERS MEETING HELD RECENTLY IN OREGON
The highlight of the growers meeting held in Bandon was a report on vine nutrition and on the 1968- 70 leaf analysis program. Dr. Lloyd Martin, who was in charge of this program at the time, summarized leaf analysis data with a series of slide charts. These charts graphed levels of the various important plant nutrient elements found in the leaves during the summer sampling period of the three years included in the study. The slide charts showed levels of nutrient found in leaves on a certain date and by comparing these levels at two-week intervals from June through September, one could get an idea of how amounts of an element increase or decrease through the important bud set and berry development period.
During Dr. Martin's talk, several important items came to light. One is that there appears to be a signifi- cant influence of calcium levels within the vines on yields. In other words, the bogs with the higher leaf calcium levels had better crops, at least within the range of calcium levels found. Another element that significantly influenced yields in the leaf survey data was iron. There seems to be a point above which increasing levels of iron in the vines will decrease yields. Considerable amounts of other data on additional nutrient elements did not appear to be significant as far as yields go. This information would, however, certainly be a good point to start in looking at other nutritional fac- tors which might prove significant with more testing.
In summary, the meeting brought out one fact that I think cranberry growers are sooner or later going to have to face. This is that leaf analysis will tell us much more about bog fertilizer needs than soil tests ever will. It is obvious from the data Dr. Martin presented that soil levels of plant nutrients often do not relate to levels found within the vines. There is no doubt that continued refinement of bog soil tests will be of some help. But to Continued on Page 6
1
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Cranberrv
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S Field Notes
by IRVING E. OEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Chester Cross and his wife Shirley are traveling in the little country of Nepal. They are visiting their oldest son Peter and his wife who are working for the U.S. Gov- ernment. The Crosses left on April 29 and will return on June 7.
Frost Warning Service
The Frost Warning Service spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association has about 207 subscribers to date. This is fewer than usual and we urge anyone who has not signed up to do so. The donations to the answering service have been coming in nicely, which is encouraging. The answering serv- ice is extremely valuable as an addi- tional source of information and deserves widespread grower support. There were no frost warnings issued through May 8 although there were some cool temperatures the last week of April. The spring season has been very cold and wet and we are behind last year by a few days, which makes this a very backward season indeed.
Weather
April was cold, averaging about 4-1/3 degrees a day below normal. This was the second coldest April in our records, surpassed only by April, 1967. Maximum tempera- ture was 6T on the 30th and mini- mum was 25° on both the 7th and 11th. Cooler than average days oc- curred from the 3rd-9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 20th, 23rd and 26-27th. The only warmer than average days were the 18th and 29-30th.
Precipitation totalled an even 5. inches which is nearly 3/4 inch
above normal. There was measurable precipitation on 13 days with the largest amount of 1.14 inches on the 20th. We now are about 2 inches above normal for the year and about 3-2/3 inches ahead of 1971 for the same period.
Water supplies are excellent as we enter the frost season. Winterkill injury is very light, more of a wind burn type of injury. Oxygen defi- ciency injury is more prevalent than was thought earlier in the season and is perhaps a bigger factor in determining our crop than for sev- eral years. The bud is very good again but the vines look a little tired; however, the crop prospect looks better than average at this time. Early Blacks have "greened up" but Howes still have their dormant col- oration, this is behind the normal
schedule by about 10 days to 2 weeks.
Tips for Late Spring and Early Summer
1) The early spring pests are, or soon will be, showing up on bogs. These include cutworms, span- worms, leafhoppers, fireworms,- tip- worms, sparganothis fruitworm, red mites and weevils. The sparganothis fruitworm can be detected by care- ful examination of loosestrife or the new cranberry tips for webbing. Weevils overwinter as adults and are active whenever temperatures reach 70° or above. If these pests are controlled in May or June, par- ticularly those that have a new or second brood, they very seldom create a problem later in the season.
2) This is a good time to treat Continued on Page 6
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
>—)—»—)— 1— )—)—)— ^— )—>—)—>—)—>—■>—)=>??)— ^—>—^—)—)=)!!?>=)=^=)=;)=)
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
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CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE - Our 34th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issue of May 1972 / Volume 36 - No. 13
SO WHAT'S WRONG WITH AGRICULTURE
A study of 79 agricultural workers (employees) was undertaken in 13 New York State counties in 1971 by researchers at Cornell University. Here's what they found:
— Average age of 37 years with 72 percent of the workers under 45 years of age.
— Average schooling of 10 years . . . and 65 per- cent had less than 12 years of school attendance.
— Average assets per worker was nearly $8,000, and average net worth was nearly $5,600.
— A whopping 63 percent hoped to be working on the same property in 1976 . . . only 27 percent aspired to own their own.
— The most-mentioned advantage of agriculture recognized by these employees was the opportunity to work outdoors, followed by variety of work.
— Biggest gripes: not enough time off percent didn't have any gripes at all!
but 42
— Among selected items of interest to career agri- cultural workers, vacation with pay ranked highest among these workers.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 Ail correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia
I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is bOi per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
MASS. STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
brush, poison ivy and brambles on the uplands using silvex. It should be mixed with water rather than oil at this time of year because of the damage to turf.
3) Stoddard solvent or stoddard- kerosene treatments following late water should be completed within 5 days after the flood has been withdrawn or within 8 days if kero- sene is used alone. Less damage will occur to the vines if temperatures are below 65° when these oils are applied.
4) Casoron, alanap-3, Chloro-IPC, simazine and morcran should not be apphed after withdrawal of the late water flood as vine and crop injury will result.
5) Many bogs will benefit from an apphcation of fertilizer, especially where heavy crops were harvested. Some bogs that have had casoron treatments either last fall or this spring may look "hungry" and should be fertilized. Don't forget to touch up the thin or weak spots by going around with a bucket of fertilizer and using it.
6) Get out and walk your bogs, you will be surprised at the number of httle things, both good and bad, that you will notice on your inspec- tion trips.
OREGON MEETING
Continued from Page 1 ignore the eventual development of leaf testing for cranberries is a mistake that only industry support for continued testing can avoid.
CRANBERRY JUICE ADS WILL CORRECT CLAIMS
The Federal Trade Commission has won agreement from the makers of Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail to correct in future ad- vertising the allegedly false nutri- tional claims of past ads.
The consent order, provisionally accepted by the FTC, marked the agency's second triumph in its cam- paign to force "corrective ads" so that consumers won't keep believing allegedly false claims. In the past, the FTC only ordered that the false ad be stopped.
The Ocean Spray agreement re- quires that, for a year, one of every four ads or one-fourth of all ad- vertising spending be devoted to this message:
"If you've wondered what some of our earlier advertising meant when we said Ocean Spray Cran- berry Juice Cocktail has more food energy than orange juice or tomato juice, let us make it clear: We didn't mean vitamins and minerals. Food energy means calories. Noth- ing more.
"Food energy is important at
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breakfast since many of us may not get enough calories, or food energy, to get off to a good start. Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail helps because it contains more food energy than most other breakfast drinks.
"And Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail gives you and your family vitamin C plus a great wake- up taste. It's the other breakfast drink."
The first corrective ads were run for Profile Bread and acknowl- edged that contrary to previous inferences. Profile was not good for weight reduction and was a bit lower in calories than other breads only because its slices were thinner.
The FTC is seeking similar cor- rective ads in cases alleging deceptive nutritional claims for Wonder Bread, Hostess Snacks Cakes, Hi-C bever- age and sugar; deceptive octane claims for Sunoco gasoline; decep- tive antipollution claims for Chevron gasoline ; deceptive antiseptic claims for Lysol disinfectant ; and deceptive health claims for Listerine mouth- wash and for analgesics including Bayer Aspirin, Excedrin, Bufferin and Anacin.
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BoMiMq
h A Big Mutokfi
By ROBERT M. DEVLIN
Today more than at any time in our history, we are concerned about the proper maintenance of the environment and health of man. However, the news media have dramatized and popularized this concern to such an extent that rational thought has been replaced by the emotional rantings of the ill informed. Conclusions drawn from hastily run experiments in which questionable procedures have been employed are readily accepted as long as they support the doc- trine of some current popular move- ment. Indeed, if the movement is popular enough, just the mere un- supported speculations of well- known personaUties are carefully listened to and, in many cases, acted upon. It is this type of irrational behavior that, in my opinion, has led to the banning of the use of DDT in many parts of the United States.
The movement against pesticides in general and DDT in particular got its start in Rachel Carson's novel Silent Spring. In Silent Spring there are so many unsupported statements made, so many half truths told, and so much important material completely ignored that the book could almost be classified as science fiction. Certainly her prediction of the coming of a "Silent Spring," or anything re- motely similar, was meant more to scare the uninformed than to draw the serious attention of thinking individuals. This book, despite its
numerous shortcomings, has become the bible of the environmentahsts who, apparently, don't really care if the material they read is factual or not as long as it supports their point of view. What is even worse. Silent Spring is required reading in many of our high schools and the children are told that what they read in it is the "gospel" truth by well-meaning but woefully unin- formed teachers.
Since the advent of Silent Spring many statements have been made and published by environmentahsts that are not supported by fact. For example, environmentalists say robins and other song birds and birds of prey, such as the eagle, brown pelican. Peregrin falcon, Cah- fornia condor and osprey, are ex- periencing population declines because of the use of DDT. This is just not true. In fact, there is good evidence that song birds are on the increase— this despite the disappear- ance of natural habitats as a result of land development. Bird counts by the Audubon Society for 1941 and 1960, before and after the widespread use of DDT, show 131, 39, 31, 11, and 12 fold increases in grackles, blackbirds, cowbirds, star- lings, and robins, respectively. Per- haps one of the reasons for this increase is the killing by DDT of mosquitoes which are vectors for many serious diseases of birds such as malaria, Newcastle disease, fowl pox, and encephalitis. The unfair- ness of blaming DDT for the alleged
population declines of many birds of prey is strikingly revealed when one looks further than the news- paper, radio, television, and publi- cations of special interest groups such as the National Audubon Society, Sierra Club and Environ- mental Defense Fund. We read, for example, that the existence of the California brown pelican is threat- ened by DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons. Dr. J. Gordon Ed- wards, professor of entomology at San Jose State College, looked into this claim and what he found exposed it as a bald-faced lie.
It appears that the population of pelicans on Anacapa Island ex- perienced a dramatic decline in 1970 due, according to the environ- mentalists, to the presence of DDT. Dr. Edwards found that during the years 1969 and 1970 the pelicans on Anacapa were subjected to an ahnost continuous harassment by scientists. Helicopters containing research biologists hovered over the nesting areas creating so much noise and commotion that the laying of thin-shelled eggs and nest desertion became quite common. In addition, scientists continually roamed and poked among the nests frightening off the brooding females or shooting them on the nests for analysis. Fortunately there were some people who recognized that such thought- less behavior, rather than DDT, may have been the reason for the laying of thin-shelled eggs and the lack of reproduction among the Anacapa
7
>elicans in 1970. In 1971 the National Park Service closed Ana- ;apa Island to helicopters and re- used to allow anyone near the lesting areas during the brooding leason. The result was a striking ecovery of the pelican population, nuch to the chagrin of the anti-DDT ictivists.
It is also interesting to note that ;he nesting failure of the brown jelicans followed by only a short jeriod of time the great oil spill in ;he Santa Barbara Channel near \nacapa Island. The anti-DDT prop- igandists do not even mention the Dil spill as a possible cause of lesting failure. This is a substantial amission when you consider that the oil spilled in the area contained 21 ppm mercury, an element shown to be associated with steriUty, toxicity to embryos, and thin egg- shells. Also not mentioned is the Fact that analyses following the oil spill showed that the bones of pelicans and the anchovies upon ivhich they feed contained high amounts of lead-as high as 100 ppm in the bone tissue and 17 ppm in the anchovies. In experiments with quail it has been shown that 6 ppm lead will cause the thinning of eggshells!
A myth of even greater magni- tude than that exposed at Anacapa is that DDT is responsible for the drastic declines in number of bald eagles and osprey. Again it is the alleged adverse influence of DDT on the thickness of eggshells that is to blame. Let us look at some of the things environmentalists neglect to mention concerning this problem. For 35 years (1917-1925) the state of Alaska paid hunters a bounty of 50 cents for each eagle they killed. This amounted to a slaughter of well over 100,000 eagles. Just re- cently it was uncovered that ranchers in Wyoming and Colorado were actively involved in the sport of eagle killing. However, in their case things were made a bit easier.
Eagles were killed in flight from helicopters flown close to the bird so that an enthusiastic sportsman could Uterally blow it to pieces with 8
Dr. Robert M. Devlin is Associate Professor of Plant Physiology, Uni- versity of Massachusetts - Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Mass. He is author and co-author of over 40 professional papers on the physiology of pesticides. Well over 200 colleges and universities are using his textbook titled Plant Physiology. It is also being used in several coun- tries in Europe, Africa, Canada, and to a small degree in Asia. The book has been translated into Spanish for use in Spanish-speaking countries.
a 12 gauge, three-inch Magnum shotgun! It has been estimated that 600 to 700 eagles were killed in this manner in 1970. It is also interesting to note that the number of bald eagles migrating over the Hawk Mountain area more than doubled during the first six years of heavy DDT use in eastern United States (1946-1952). The counts were taken by the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, Kempton, Pennsylvania. If there is a decline in eagle population, and this has not yet been proven, then the encroachments of man upon the eagle's natural habitat is to blame, not DDT.
Perhaps the greatest clamor con- cerning DDT and the disappearance of the Peregrine falcon, osprey, and eagle has to do with the effect of the pesticide on the thickness of eggshells. The environmentalists claim with only the barest of cir- cumstantial evidence— in many cases no evidence at ail-that DDT causes the production of thin-shelled eggs and as a consequence there is a drop in reproductive success. This
allegation has been so faithfuUy communicated by the news media that almost every man, woman, and child in the United States is aware of it. However, there is no con- clusive evidence that DDT causes the thinning of eggshells in the natural environment. Only in labora- tory studies, where doses are fed that far exceed what is encountered in the environment, can the thinning of eggshells by DDT by demon- strated. Even in these studies the results are far from consistent and definitely open to question. To make the problem even more com- plex there are a number of studies that suggest very strongly that DDT does not cause the production of thin-shelled eggs or a drop in the reproductive success of birds. For example. Dr. Charms, professor of poultry science at the University of Wisconsin, reported that egg- laying ability and thickness of egg- shells remained unaffected for pheasants, quail, and turkey fed
200 ppm DDT for several months. Even more significant, the quail were fed on this diet through four generations without any ill effects. In a recent (1970) paper, Tucker and Haegele of the Denver WildUfe Research Center found that quail and mallards fed a diet of 10 and 30 ppm DDT laid eggs with normal shell thickness. Only when the birds were administered exceptionally massive doses of DDT (1000 mg/kg) could a significant thinning of egg- shells be demonstrated. It would be impossible to dupUcate these cir- cumstances, including the less mas- sive doses of DDT, in the natural environment.
You will find that in most cases the emotionalist, in his frantic quest to implicate DDT, will not mention or even consider other possible reasons for birds laying thin-sheUed eggs. However, as every poultry farmer knows, thin eggshells can be caused in numerous ways. The lack of calcium, manganese, or vitamin D in the diet or the presence of two common maladies, bronchitis and Newcastle disease, all will cause irregularities in eggshell formation.
A comparison of the influence of the presence of organochlorine residues— including DDT— in the tis- sues and eggs of peregrine falcons from Britain and northern Canada by Drs. Enderson and Berger suggests that these pesticides do not interfere with the reproduction of peregrines. They found that although the pere- grines of northern Canada contained high levels of organochlorine resi- dues in their tissues and their eggs twice as much as the eggs from the rapidly disappearing British pere- grine population, the Canadian peregrines reproduced normally. A paper by Heath et al. in the prestigi- ous British science journal Nature actually contains data that describes DDT-fed mallard ducks as having a better productivity than normally fed ducks. Productivity of mallard ducks fed a daily diet of 2.5 ppm DDT was increased 40% and those fed 10 ppm DDT had an increased productivity of 81%. Finally, en- vironmentalists claim that DDT inhibits carbonic anhydrase, an important enzyme in the production of eggshells by birds. This supposed inhibitory influence is the founda- tion upon which most stories of DDT causing the thinning of egg- shells are built. However, D. J. Gordon Edwards, in a statement before the U. S. House Committee on Agriculture, pointed out that "actual research has shown DDT increases carbonic anhydrase pro- duction rather than inhibiting it."
One of the world's leading ex- perts on the Peregrine, Frank L. Beebe, published a small booklet in 1970 titled The Myth of the Vanish- ing Peregrine. His book was sub- titled A Study in the Technique of the Manipulation of Public and Official A ttitudes. In his book Beebe pointed out that the abandonment of the aeries by peregrines in most of western U. S. and southern Alberta and British Columbia pre- ceded by many years the use of DDT and that the anti-DDT en- vironmentalists "know full well that their 'endangered peregrine' is a fabrication."
Why do we not hear of these studies from the environmentalists?
The convenient ignoring of reputable studies that do not support the hard line against DDT appear to be more the rule than the exception when extremist groups attack this pesticide. For some reason they believe their role to be sacred and that any method to achieve it is acceptable no matter how odious it may be. It is the hope of this author and I think of any other person who believes that data should be reported in an unbiased manner and not misused or selected to fit some preconceived notion, that the truth will someday be told about DDT. If this does happen, public trust in "doomsday" extremist groups will dramatically decline as will also the numerous sourcca oi grant money such scare-type organi- zations seem always to attract.
One would get the impression from our news media trumpeting the propaganda of the anti-DDT extremists, that once DDT is applied it persists in the environment for- ever. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, the assertion that DDT is extremely persistent in the environment can be so easily disproven that it is amazing that anyone would believe it at all. At a hearing concerning federal pesticide legislation. Dr. J. Gordon Edwards submitted a list of more than one hundred scientific references dealing with the breakdown of DDT and its residues. At the hearing Dr. Edwards stated: "It is obvious that DDT degrades readily in the presence of living things, in organic soil and water, in alkaline soil and water, in the blood or digestive tract of most kinds of animals, in cold, in heat, and in sunlight. It is untruthful and misleading for any person or organization to imply that DDT does not break down normally under environmental conditions."
Bacteria of the soil and digestive tract, fungi, and animals— both in- vertebrates and vertebrates— are all capable of degrading DDT. Even in dying, an insect may degrade as much as 50% of the DDT it has absorbed. The common deer mouse takes only A^A days to rid itself of 50% of the DDT it absorbs and the
half life of DDT in the tissues of the common pigeon is only 28 days. Indeed, Dr. Donald A. Spencer, well-known wildlife biologist, hasji stated that he knows "of no species of fish, bird, or mammel, on which studies have been conducted, that cannot degrade and eliminate DDT from their bodies."
The public has not been told that many of the analyses made for the detection of DDT prior to 1967 were grossly inaccurate. Before 1967, residue chemists made no attempt to eliminate polychlori- nated biphenyls (PCB) from the extracts they analyzed for DDT. Large quantities of PCB's are used in the rubber, plastics, and petro- leum industries. Their presence in the environment is ahnost ubiqui- tious, being found among other places in the tissues of birds and their eggs, in man, fish, and in insects. The PCB's are compounds that are not water soluble and consequently are stored in the fat tissue of organisms that ingest them. It is now well known that PCB's produce an ahnost identical picture to DDT when analyzed on a gas chromatograph, the instrument most used for the detection of small quantities of pesticides such as DDT. This means that prior to 1967 many of the reports on the quantity of DDT present in samples were exaggerated due to the presence of PCB's. It is also interesting to note that some of the more prevalent PCB's, when present in the diet of birds will cause them to lay thin shelled eggs— and in this respect they are highly active.
The forces against the use of DDT have multiplied to such an extent that in the very near future the compound could possibly be completely banned in most places in the world— especially the United States. The vast majority of the people against DDT have been told only what extremist groups want them to hear, a circumstance that makes an intelligent decision on DDT by the layman virtually im- possible. It is a wonder to me that this has occurred to a compound that is probably the safest chemical
9
for its purpose ever produced by men. Dr. Robert White-Stevens of the Bureau of Conservation and Environmental Science at Rutgers University has stated that "no evi- dence of injury, cancer, or death after twenty-five years of use, where at least one billion humans have been reported with medical anno- tation." A truly remarkable record when compared to penicillin (and other so-called miracle drugs), as- pirin, and the vitamins many of us take every day.
Despite the almost unbelievable safety record of DDT, extremist groups first hinted, then suggested, and finaUy frankly Ued that DDT was endangering the public health. The pesticide was called a carcino- gen (causes cancer). The explosive and dramatic effect on the public of the disclosure that a commonly used compound causes cancer was predictable. Our news media were enchanted, and for a long time hardly a day went by without the newspapers, television, or magazines dutifully instructing the layman on how he was being threatened with the deadly disease of cancer.
A thorough reading of the litera- ture on the influence of DDT as an inducer of cancer will lead one to conclude that the pesticide is not a carcinogen. Massive doses of DDT fed to laboratory animals that are highly susceptable to carcinogens, in the vast majority of cases pro- duced negative results with respect to dancer. In those few studies where possible cancerous growth was induced, the results and con- clusions are questionable. It should also be remembered that in such studies animals are fed DDT in amounts far exceeding what would be encountered or ingested by the average individual.
The human organism contains compounds that are necessary for its existence but if present in too high a concentration are toxic and can even cause death. For example, iodine is necessary for the proper function of the thyroid gland but if present in excessive concentration is definitely poisonous. It is there- fore essential, when evaluating the JO
safety of a chemical, that we consider its dose-response relationship with regard to the particular species in question. Man, it appears, is quite tolerant of DDT. In a study by Dr. Wayland J. Hayes of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, ten volunteers were fed DDT up to 200 times the amount they would nor- mally encounter from their everyday intake of food. After a year of this daily diet of DDT no clinical effect associated with dosage was detected either by the men themselves, or by careful physical examination and laboratory testing. Just recently. Dr. Hayes declared to the Washing- ton State Legislature his repeated position of the past that "there is no valid evidence that DDT is a carcinogen."
Studies of men with high, medium, and low occupational ex- posure to DDT at a formulating plant, involving physical examina- tions, routine clinical laboratory tests, and chest X-rays, revealed only negative results. Some of the men were exposed almost daily for 19 years to the pure compound with no ill effects! There are many more well-documented papers de- scribing DDT as a very safe pesticide and certainly not a carcinogen. Indeed, in May 1970 the American Medical Association concluded that the theory that DDT is carcinogenic to man is unproved speculation.
Of immense irritation to many environmental activists are studies suggesting possible medical applica- tions of DDT, For example, single doses of 5 grams or higher of DDT have been administered to humans in the successful treatment of bar- biturate poisoning. More interesting is a study by Dr. Edward R. Laws showing that DDT has an inhibitory effect on tumors transplanted ex- perimentally in laboratory mice! In the study tumors were transplanted to 60 animals fed a normal diet and 60 animals fed on a diet which included DDT. All 60 of the animals on a normal diet developed tumors and all died as a result of the tumors. The mean longevity for this group was 46 days. Only 38 of the 60 animals fed DDT developed
tumors and these tumors were slow growing. The mean longevity for the DDT-fed group was 83 days. More important, the 22 animals that did not develop tumors sur- vived. Dr. Laws has distinguished himself in medical research and is a member of the American Medical Association as well as many other professional societies. At the present time Dr. Laws is the assistant chief toxicologist for the Communicable Disease Center of the U. S. Public Health Service.
A very indignant public woke up one morning to the sensational headUnes that DDT was present in human breast milk. Although the pesticide was found in only a small number of samples and in very small amounts, the dramatic effect of such a disclosure was predictable. The news media were, I'm sure, applauded by the environmentalists for doing an excellent job of getting this information to the public. Nothing, however, was said by the "newspaper scientists" about the numerous other foreign materials carried by human breast milk. If the mother drinks cocktails, smokes, or drinks coffee small quantities of alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine will most likely be found in her milk. These chemicals are far more poison- ous than DDT. For example, nico- tine is 500 times more toxic than DDT. Breast milk contains choles- terol, a compound shown to be carcinogenic to experimental ani- mals under appropriate experimental conditions. Shall we ban human breast milk along with DDT?
The well organized and articulate anti-DDT forces have done their job well. By taking advantage of the news media's quest for the sensational and by the misuse of data and some outright hes they have managed to convince the lay- man that DDT is a deadly chemical that should be totally banned. There is practically a total ban on the pesticide in most places in the U. S. However, a total ban in the U. S. will not affect the average American citizen to any great extent. It will just mean that more toxic com- pounds—in some cases much more
toxic— will have to be used in place of DDT. People will be deprived of a safe control for many pests- some serious disease vectors— and will have to use compounds less effective, more toxic, and consider- ably less researched. The cotton grower uses most of the DDT bought by the farmers in the U. S. and when you consider that cotton is the fifth most valuable crop in the U. S., a ban in this case could hurt a little. Cotton growers use DDT to control a dozen insects including the bollworm, the pink bollworm, cotton fleahopper and thrips.
Much more serious is the possi- bility that the more advanced nations will consider the production of DDT as unpopular and un- profitable and stop manufacturing it. This would introduce unbeUev- able hardships to many of the undeveloped nations of the world, especially in those nations where malaria is prevalent. Malaria is a devastating protozoan disease trans- mitted by the anopheline mosquito that is considered to be the most serious communicable disease prob- lem in the world. As Dr. Robert White-Stevens has stated: "More human beings have perished from malaria than all other infectious diseases combined." Before the ad- vent of DDT it was estimated that India suffered over 75 million cases of malaria which accounted for an annual five million deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) decided in the mid-1950's to com- bat this relentless killer disease with the extensive use of DDT. In just ten years the number of malaria cases in India was down to five miUion and deaths dropped below one hundred thousand. Even more dramatic, the Ufe span of the average Indian during those ten years in- creased from 32 to 47 years, an increase of 15 years in a decade! On February 2, 1971 officials of WHO made the following statement: "More than 1,000 million people have been freed from the risk of malaria in the past 25 years, mostly thanks to DDT. This is an achieve- ment unparalleled in the annals of public health."
The developing nations also need DDT to combat pests that invade their crops and livestock. Without DDT, which is cheap and very effective, many people in these nations will die of starvation. Lost in the importance of malaria con- trol is the fact that DDT also gives a significant control of a number of other serious diseases which include encephaUtis, bubonic plague, yellow fever, phlebotomus (sandfly) fever, dengue fever, cutaneous-leishmani- asis, and Carrion's disease. Literally, the Uves of millions of human beings depend upon DDT. Is it possible that our hysterical environ- mentalist is not aware of this?
Who will take care of the diseased and starving if the voices of reason are not listened to? Certainly not the "privileged" environmentalist who claims to be looking out for
your welfare but is, in fact, a very destructive force in public health and agriculture. Your welfare, as I see it, has a great deal to do with your ability to fight diseases and put food in your stomach as well as in the stomachs of others under less fortunate circumstances. I have yet to meet an environmentalist who is not "well fixed" in our affluent society. Typically, he has a comfortable home, a good income, one or two cars in the driveway, and a good deal of time on Ms hands. He can afford to pay higher prices and to live in areas away from serious diseases. I think it is about time our news media showed some sense of responsibility in their reporting and that our government listen to the unbiased analysis of data on pesticides rather than to the emotional hysterics of a few special interest groups.
^^^S^CI^
Ni AY 19 4 7
Crop prospects for 1947 indicate that Wisconsin may expect about a normal production, with the "hedge" that a crop below is a possibility, due to the rather light budding throughout the state. According to Vernon Goldsworthy there is further possibility that oxygen damage having occurred last fall and there are undoubtedly some vines that were injured in spring kill, probably more than normal Insect population is expected to be less than normal, because of the open winter through most of the area.
Cranberry growers today are def- initely interested in more efficient and economical methods of cran- berry production. This interest ex- tends to all phases, including modern type prefabricated flumes. Two of these flumes (models of which were exhibited at the spring meeting and exhibition of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association April 30th) are developments by PaulJ. Whipple of The Forges Contractors, Inc., Plymouth, Mass.
NCA directors, meeting at Han- son, Mass. on May 5th, voted to pay another advance of $5.00 a bbl, bringing total to date to $30, with a still further payment to come, it is announced. Also a 50 cents cash dividend was voted on each share of common stock, which is four per cent interest.
1947 will see a nation-wide test and demonstration of the Western Cranberry Picker, with machines in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wiscon- sin, Washington and Oregon, under the personal supervision of "Rudy" Hillstrom, President of the Western Pickers, Inc.
An enthusiastic group of some 40 members of the Southwestern Oregon Cranberry club discussed
12
production problems at its current meeting in Bandon. Officers elected for the current year are: Ray Bates, president; Frank Pook, vice president; Mrs. Jim Olson, secretary; Charles Ritchey, recording secretary; Sum- ner Fish, treasurer.
Directors of American Cranberry Exchange, meeting at the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York, April 23, at their 40th annual meeting, voted to approve the admission of the Ore- gon Coos Cranberry Co-op and voted the Coos president, Raymond W. Bates, into the board of directors. Directors re-elected were: Massachu- setts, A. D. Benson, George E. Short, Homer L. Gibbs, George A. Cowen, George Briggs; New Jersey, Theodore H. Budd and Edward Crabbe; Wisconsin, Bernard C. Braz- eau, Vernon Goldsworthy, Craig M. Scott.
The fifty-second annual meeting of the Growers' Cranberry Company was held in the office of the com- pany, Pemberion, New Jersey on April 15. Officers elected for the en- suing year are: president, Theodore H. Budd, Sr.; 1st vice president, Ralph B. Clayberger; 2nd vice presi- dent, Edward Crabbe; 3rd vice president and treasurer, E. C. Becher.
On April 18 the Ocean County blueberry growers held a field meet- ing at the field of Oscar Downs in Lakehurst, N. J. Timely topics were^ discussed by R. S. Wilcox, C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr. Mr. Wilcox spoke on mummy berry and its control Mr. Doehlert dis- cussed fertilizer and drainage and Mr. Tomlinson spoke on the control of the blueberry blossom weevil
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Winter was reluctant to give way o spring in the cranberry region of ^ew Jersey. April weather was un- isually chilly with temperatures requently dropping below freezing, [he average temperature was 48.7° vhich is three degrees colder than lormal and only 1.5 degrees warmer han the coldest April (1966) in he 42-year weather recording his- ory at New Lisbon. Extremes in emperature were 83° on the 19th ind 18° on the 8th. A record low )f 28° for the date was recorded on ^pril 28th. Two blueberry fields in lake Pond recorded unofficial tem- leratures of 1 6° on this date.
There were 10 rainy days in the nonth and rainfall totaled 3.85 nches. This is about 0.48 of an nch above normal. For the first bur months of 1972 the rainfall las amounted to 13.86, which is
0.57 inch above normal for this period.
About 200 acres of cranberry bogs in the state have had the winter flood removed. Most of the remain- ing acreage will probably have the water taken off on the traditional May 10th date. No frost damage has been sustained on the early- drawn bogs.
Blueberries are very well budded up but a potential threat of exces- sive mummy berry disease losses exists in Burlington County this year. April's cool, wet weather was very favorable for the primary phase of this disease and an unusually large number of the "mummy cup" stage developed in many fields. Tractors were not able to manipu- late in many of the wet fields and this prevented prompt timing of control treatments.
Phil Marucci reports weather conditions favorable for mummy disease in blueberries. This disease should be controlled at this time.
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Mummy berries should have been destroyed with cuhivation. Blue- berry growers should be on the alert for blossom weevils and spray as soon as they appear. Parathion or Guthion should be appUed for control of the weevils.
The winter index figure for December, January and February was 109 degrees. This means winter has been rather mild and that free petals will be out in full force soon. Early varieties through the Northern Bell season should be protected by spraying with Parathion or Sevin or Malathion. Keep a check on your fields, and spray when the petals first appear.
NOTA SCOTIA
On May 9 our cranberry growers had a successful extension meeting at the Agricultural College in Truro. Mr. C. J. S. Fox, entomologist with the provincial department spoke on insect identification and reviewed the control program for the coming year. Don Palfrey spoke on weed control in the re-development of an old bog. The meeting was organized and convened by Bob Murray, small fruit speciahst with the N. S. Dept. of Agriculture and Marketing.
Our spring has been very back- ward with the mean temperature for the month of April 4.8° F be- low the 50-year average. May has been no better with a record snow- fall of 7 inches on May 1 0th.
Continued on Page 14
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Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
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13
WASBINBTON
April continued the warming trend with a 51.2° mean high, March mean high was 51°. Though the high for the month was only 63° on the 3rd, continued mild weather prevailed. There were sev- eral days with hail but none actually heavy enough to do any significant damage in the area. The low for the month came on the 16th at 31° with three days of 29° bog low, the 2nd, 16th and 30th, and 28° bog low on the 10th. Mean low was 38.1° showing 16 days below this mean.
Precipitation totaled 7.83 inches, with 22 days having measurable precipitation, the greatest 1.15 inches on the 7th. Total precipita- tion for the year is 48.67 inches. The 1971 total to date came to 45.69 inches.
Cranberry Vine was mailed the first week of May, the last issue for many that did not return the ad-
dress blank from the February issue. New listing will begin July 1, 1972. The Field Day resume issue will be mailed to new listing.
Field Day at the Coastal Washing- ton Research & Extension Unit, Saturday, June 24, 1972, 10:00 A.M. Salmon smoked-baked lunch- eon will be served by the 4-H Lead- ers Council, and an interesting program is being planned. Watch for program listing in the May Cran- berries magazine.
OREBOW
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Beekeeper Problems Bared
We are lucky this year to have a source of beehives to rent for the cranberry pollination period. Our regular beekeeper was quite hesitant to return and another large bee- keeper was not anxious to rent his hives here either. I feel that this reluctance to rent hives is definitely not the fault of cranberry growers because growers have for the most part cooperated well with the bee-
eoooooooooooooooooe
ANNUAL CRANBERRY FIELD DAY
COASTAL WASHINGTON RESEARCH & EXTENSION UNIT
Long Beach, Washington
June 24, 1972
10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon
1, "Pesticides in Focus," 20-25 minute film, Shell Chemical Co. ^Programs and Problems in Agricultural Research," Dr. James Nielson, Director of Research, Washington State University. 'Cranberry Bogs* Future," Dr. Jim Barron, W.S.U. Agricultural Economist.
'Weed Control in Cranberry Bogs," A. Y. Shawa, Coastal Washington Unit.
12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m.
Smoked-baked Salmon lunch served by the 4-H Leaders Council. 1:00 p.m. to 2:30 p.m.
5, "General Taxation," Mr. Bob Corcoran, TV Commentator,
Puyallup, Washington.
6. Question Box.
2.
4.
keepers and have paid their rental bills promptly. Instead, the problem is more one of poor yields from the hives while they are located in the Bandon area.
Beehives rented here for the bog bloom period do not, according to the beekeepers, make nearly as much honey as hives placed in some other agricultural areas during the same time period. In fact, colonies of bees rented here in past years have often been lighter at the end of the bloom period than when first set out. Because of conditions related to climate and the cranberry flowers themselves, it appears that poor yields will always be a problem that reduces beekeeper interest in renting hives for the bog pollination period.
Increasing hive rental fees have helped to make up for some of the discrepancy of yield noted above. Moreover, the good cooperation given by growers to the hive rental program has helped make the bee- keepers feel some obligation to our industry. But the basic problem of not being able to compete with other areas in hive yield remains and dictates that growers must con- tinue to cooperate fully with bee- keepers if hives are to remain available in future years.
Twig Blight Fungus Active
I have received a report from the Oregon State University Plant Clinic that sporulation of the twig blight (Lophodermium) fungus has
Continued on Page 16
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FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
U. S. Census figures, just released show a drop of 200,000 acres in farmland during the five years end- ing in 1 969. We now have about 700- thousand acres devoted to agricul- ture in our state. Only 40 farms now have 1 -thousand or more acres. In the 10 to 50-acre size, we have about 16-hundred farms now. . .by far the largest grouping by size.
Three new radio stations have been added to the select Ust of broadcasters who are willing to carry our program, "The Farm People of Massachusetts." On Satur- days, you can hear the show on WSBS in Great Barrington between 7 :30 and 8:00 a.m., in North Adams on WMNB between 7:30 and 8:00 a.m., and in the Athol-Orange area on WCAT between noon and 12:30 p.m.
The word from Flame Auction Ground is "fantastic!" Manager George Hanson reports that the an- nual used machinery sale on April 22 was a mammoth success in Lit- tleton. Hanson says he had over 600
people in attendance, and the sale was just about twice the size of last year. Everyone went home happy!
Massachusetts Land League heard an excellent presentation on farm- land assessment at its special meet- ing on April 20. Many well-chosen ideas were put forth, and with this kind of assistance, our task of in- forming the voters is made that much easier.
County Farm Bureau presidents stepped up and did a whale of a job for farm labor employers in Massa- chusetts on a recent radio broadcast. In an interview program for the Mass. Council of Churches, Worces- ter County Pres. David Chandler and Franklin County Pres. Marvin Peck spoke clearly and affirmatively on the subject of migrant labor. It was refreshing to hear such candor on the subject, particularly under the somewhat restrained circum- stances that faced our two Farm Bureau leaders. They both did a great service to agriculture!
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Two married couples in the Bos- ton area called your Farm Bureau office, looking for a smallish vege- table farm (to rent or buy) within an hour of downtown Boston. They hope to move out of the city, and try their hand at vegetable farming, not in a big way at first, but on a real farm. They need a house large enough for both couples. Got some- thing? Write to "Farms for Rent," c/o Farm Bureau, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154 and tell us about it. We'll put you in touch.
Facing eminent domain taking? A new bill, fQed by Farm Bureau member Charles Merrick has been signed by Gov. Francis Sargent. This bill restricts the use of eminent domain in the taking of certain agricultural lands. This bill is ef- fective immediately, and directs the taking body (except the Common- wealth) to pay heed to evidence given by a farmer at a public hear- ing. If you want a full copy of the bill, send postage and your name to the state Farm Bureau office in Wahham.
AFL-CIO bill on bargaining rights for farm workers appears to be killed for this session. So far, it's a fairly smooth legislative session from the farm viewpoint. Your Farm Bureau is there . . . watching.
Are you ready for inspectioii under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)? Your Farm Bureau has learned that the federal government is training some 8,000 inspectors for this job, and you are subject to a heavy ($500) fine for each violation of the act.
15
ol3iruAi^y
MRS. A. GOTTSCHALK
Funeral services were held May 19 at the First Congregational Church for Mrs. August F. Gotts- chalk, 90, of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Burial was in Forest Hill Cemetery.
Mrs. Gottschalk, the former Mabel McFarland, was born in Wis- consin Rapids on March 25, 1882, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Rufus E. McFarland, an old-time cranberry grower in Wisconsin with marshes in Cranmoor and Adams county. She married August F. Gottschalk in Wisconsin Rapids on August 16, 1911.
She is survived by her husband, two sons, Robert of Wisconsin Rapids, and J ere of Lake Forest, 111.; one daughter, Mrs. David Bogue of Jupiter, Fla.; nine grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. One daughter and one brother preceded her in death.
OREGON
Continued from Page 14 begun. There was a marked increase in maturity of fungus fruiting bodies in samples taken recently as com- pared to those taken earlier. As a result, growers are urged to apply their first fungicide now if this has not aheady been done. Where the first fungicide or Bordeaux mixture has been applied two or more weeks ago, it would be a good precaution to apply again a recommended fungicide on bogs where twig bUght has been found. Consult the 1972 Oregon Cranberry Plant Disease Control Program recommendations for rates to use and for additional information on the twig bUght di- sease.
HEAD OF OCEAN SPRAY REPORTS TO GROWERS
Cranberry growers met in Ilwaco, Washington on May 14 to hear a report from the new president and general manager of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Harold Thorkilsen of Hanson, Mass. He spoke to 50 growers from the peninsula and Clatsop College at a dinner meeting at Red's Restaurajit.
cranberry growers
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Thorkilsen armounced that the growers should get close to the pre- dicted 11 cents per pound for last year's crop. He said it appeared that earning for this pool year would be just short of the budget by 28 cents a barrel. However, he pointed out that sales revenue was up 14 percent this year over last, dollar proceeds are up 20 percent and utilization of fruit in the various product mixes is up 18 percent.
He also spoke on costs of sales, on some of the marketing programs of the company such as institutional marketing and the multinational (foreign) marketing. He then talked about his philosophy on new prod- ucts and told the growers about several products in the research and developing and test marketing stages.
Thorkilsen and his group from Massachusetts have been attending grower meetings in Wisconsin, Brit- ish Columbia and Grayland. From here, they went to Bandon, Oregon, finishing their West Coast visits to the cranberry growing areas.
Accompanying the president were Endre Endresen, Senior Vice- President in charge of operations; Gilbert Beaton, director of growers relations; and Robert Lucas, West Coast area manager of Ocean Spray from Markham.
Also attending was Robert Quim- by, director of Ocean Spray from , Grayland; Wilson Blair, representing i Ocean Spray in the Long Beach area, and Frank Glenn, Ocean Spray director from the peninsula.
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16
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
xplains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the slationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science, oth the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics e fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- ral Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Farm Machinery . . . Process- g Agricultural Products . . . Farm Structures and Conveniences . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and ater-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and any other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
l. By D. w. THORNE and h. b. peterson
\ Both of Utah State Agr. College
392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
ere is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting rigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since le publication of the first edition, research has shown that aximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper ilance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant laracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents ►, this guide includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation ater, maintaining ©rganic matter, fertilizer elements, sources id quality of irrigation water.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6x9, 171 iUus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and manual poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides— selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. shoemaker, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover- age of vthe latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY WARREN ANPERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501pages, 6x9, $13.75
or research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, lis book provides detailed information on the diseases of iltivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America id in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- opical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- ition, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the ithogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference >urces are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their jportance.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALKER, Univ. of IVis. 707 pages, 6x9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic dise^es . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environmsnt to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion ahd eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02360
17
THE BRIDE LIKES PINK
This year it is expected that well over two milhon weddings will take place across the country. And, the bride of 1972 has very definite ideas as to what type wedding she wants. The trend is toward a more simple and personalized ceremony and reception.
When it comes to the traditional wedding cake, many brides are choosing pink rather than the more formal white. And, many of them are either making their own wedding cakes, or helping mother or a rela- tive to do so.
The beautiful cake shown here is tinted blushing pink by adding cranberry juice cocktail to the yummy, fluffy frosting. It is easily made with six packages of yellow cake mix baked in two 10", 8" and 6" layer cake pans (6 layers total). The layers are assembled with cranberry-orange reUsh for a de- Uciously extra-special flavor. Any bride-to-be would be thrilled with such a labor of love on her wedding day.
The wedding punch can be champagne or white wine, with a big red ice heart of cranberry juice cocktail floating in the bowl to add color and a touch of whimsy. To make the heart, simply pour cranberry juice cocktail into a heart- shaped mold and freeze. Unmold in your punch bowl when the party is about to begin.
BLUSHING WEDDING CAKE
(Serves about 60)
yer pans needed:
2, 10" round pans (2" deep) 2, 8" round pans (2" deep) 2, 6" round pans (2" deep)
Ingredients:
6 padcages (18.5 ounces each) yellow cake mix
3 jars (14 ounces each) Ocean Spray cranberry-orange relish
4 packages fluffy-white frosting mix
2 cups Ocean Spray cranberry juice cocktail
3 bunches small pink sweetheart
18
Make up 1 package cake mix as label directs; divide between two 6-inch pans, bake 25 to 30 minutes or until cake tester inserted in center comes out clean. Cool 10 minutes; remove from pans to racks to finish cooling. Make up two packages cake mix as directed; bake in two 8-inch pans, 30 to 35 min- utes; cool as above. Make up three packages cake mix as directed; di- vide between two 10-inch pans, bake 35 to 40 minutes; cool as above. On large serving platter or 12-inch plastic covered heavy card- board, place one 10-inch layer, spread with some cranberry-orange rehsh, top with other 10-inch layer to make 1 tier. Repeat layering and spreading using graduated layers together and form a 3-tier cake.
Bring cranberry juice cocktail to a boil. Prepare frosting mix as label directs but use hot cranberry juice instead of water. Reserve 2 cups of frosting, use remaining to frost sides and top of cake. Place
reserved frosting in pastry bag fitted with a star tip and make rosettes and scallops on cake as desired. Wash and dry sweetheart roses. Cut off stems to about 1 inch, reserve some leaves. Press roses into top and sides of cake, press rose leaves around blossoms in natural pattern.
ERBICIDE
! SPRAYING
|DUCING THE DRIFT
An adjuvant-nozzle system has been ^eloped by Colloidal Products Cor- ration and Delevan Manufacturing . that enables aerial or ground appli- ors of herbicides to reduce drift by much as 70 per cent. FOMEX, a combined spreader-acti- or, as well as a foaming agent, when d in combination with a foam gen- ting nozzle will:
1 . Provide maximum contact of the ay solution.
2. Reduce evaporation of the spray )osit,
3. Form a fast draining foam to al- j maximum liquid contact with the nt surface.
4. Increase absorption of herbicide ay.
5. Substantially reduce spray drift.
FOMEX spray pattern.
NEW CATALOG SYSTEM INTRODUCED
An all-new full-color cataloging system has been introduced by the Howard Rotavator Company of Har- vard, Illinois, to replace their con- ventional bound catalogs. The new system provides large full-color photographs, plus complete product descriptions and application in- formation on each piece of Howard equipment. They are printed on separate sheets so they can be mixed and matched to meet cus- tomer's requirements.
"The Howard line of soil manage- ment systems has become too di- versified for the conventional bound catalog and was both cumbersome and confusing to dealers and users alike," reported Chris Burden, How- ard Sales Manager. "The new system provides a far superior method of presenting information on the speci- fic equipment, or combinations of equipment that the customer needs."
Howard Rotavator Company is a member of the Rotary Hoes Group of Companies who manu- facture and market a wide range of farm and related equipment through- out the world.
Howard distributes the "Rotava- tor" line of Rotary Tillage equip- ment, the "Power-Arm" backhoe- trenchers, the "V" Chisel, chisel plows, the "Turf-Quaker," turf aerification and grounds mainten- ance equipment, plus a series of automated wine presses for the wine industry in the U.S.A.
PESTICIDE STORAGE
The rules for storing liquid pest- icides usually have bearing on safety procedures, but there's still another factor that should not be over- looked, Grant-Adams Area Exten- sion Agent Bill Foeppel says.
Liquid pesticides that have not been stored through the winter months in an area that does not freeze may have changed. That is, some pesticides may salt out in cooler temperatures. This means that the chemical salts that are in solution at higher temperature may revert back to the crystalline form so that you end up with a bunch of technical salts in the bottom of the container and the liquid solvent on top. Some pesticides will go back in solution if shook enough after they have warmed up to room temperature. Those that do not go back in solution should be disposed of.
CRANBERRIES... the on
GROWER'; magazine
WANTED TO BUY s 2 WESTERN PICKERS
C. E. Morse Tel. Evenings 695-9612
Conventional spray pattern.
19
♦ T 'I' 1' 'I' T 1' T W^r^ w • • -•- -w^ • • • I
WISCONSIN
4.,|m| i »i»4 < K I « • H I 1 1 I •*♦♦
The month of April ended with temperatures returning to near nor- mal levels during the last week from the very cool first and third week periods. Sunshine was above normal during this last week, especially in northern areas, and topsoil moisture was reduced to levels suitable for working at least the Ughter soils. As the week ended, showers were again moving into southwestern Wis- consin. The last winter snow and ice on the small lakes in the north and frost in the ground in central areas were gradually disappearing as April ended.
The weather during the first week of May was characterized by fre- quent rains early and late in the week with a few sunny and dry days in between. The cloudy and wet weather at the end of the week was restricted to the southern counties while mostly clear skies with pleas- ant days and cool nights prevailed over the majority of the State. As a result excess soil moisture is partic- ularly a problem south of a line from Dubuque to Milwaukee where some places have received 8 inches of rain since April 1 6, and evapora- tion has been minimal due to the cloudy and cool weather.
Except for cloudy and rainy con- ditions in the extreme southern
counties on the 8th and showers over much of the state on the 13th and 14th, the week featured some very fine sunny weather with excel- lent drying conditions. Tempera- tures were still on the cool side as the week began with minimum around 30 degrees in many areas on the 8th and 9th. Warming after midweek boosted afternoon read- ings into the 70's on most days ex- cept for slightly cooler during the showery weekend.
FIRM FOIL WRAPS MEALS FOR WILDS
Flexible foil packages soon may be providing the answer to some of the ecological problems plaguing this country.
Astro Sterile Packaging, a division of Cranberry Products, Inc., Eagle River, is planning to package food products in a flexible foil pouch. The packages can be taken to a campsite, heated in boiling water, and either burned or compressed and carried back out.
This offers an easy way to pro- vide meals in wilderness areas where tin cans and glass bottles have been banned.
The company has been proces- sing food in the flexible pouches for Army laboratories for several years. The packages originally were de-
signed for survival of paratroopers and pilots in Arctic areas.
Tin cans caused injuries and also were difficult to transport. And un- less there was fire available, the contents had to be eaten cold.
With the foil packets, a good supply of food could be carried in- side the clothing next to the body. And the body heat would keep the food warm enough to provide a meal at body temperature.
Cranberry Products formerly em- ployed only about 10 persons dur- ing the winter after the cranberry harvest. This winter they employed a record 60 persons, about 25 of them in the Astro division.
Charles Goldsworthy, sales repre- sentative for Astro, said the foil packets can be punctured, but not easily. He claimed that there may be 1 bad can in 10,000 whereas the pouch process averages only 1 bad package in 100,000.
)
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
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Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
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20
II.
INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCnON EQUIPMENT
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INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
WANTED
Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows:
1936
SEP, NOV, DEC
1937
JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY
JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV
1938
MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG
1958
OCT
Some exchange copies avaUable
PLEASE WRITE:
Dr. G. W. Eaton
Dept. of Plant Science
University of B. C.
Vancouver 8, Canada
% sepvine llie WISCONSIN growers %
FOR SALE
SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLlN Vines for delivery in 1972 I WILL GIVE A 10% BONUS ON ANY ORDERS PLACED NOW FOR VINES NEXT YEAR
$300 Ton F.O.B. Ben Lears $750 Ton Stevens $1000 Ton
INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S.
University of Wisconsin
Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable
EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
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WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAFTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 ^
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
issachusetts
New Jersey
\/\/iscansin
Oregon
\A/ashington
Canada
3ia
35*3
ci
V'5'^^^
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANp^Rj^^V MAGAZINE
J. R. ROTH, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture (Story on Page 10)
PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY
JUL 2 0 1972
JUNE 1972
HONEYBEE POPULATIONS AND
FRUIT SET JN CRANBERRY 8
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONVENIENCE CRANBERRY PACK 10
LIBRARY - SERIALS SECT! UN IV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01005
_^g- DIRECTORY fop cpanlieppy gpoweps •^^
Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfilizers
Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters, Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. AAiddleboro, AAass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity - l(ey to progress
in industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
^ NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The ^
CHARLES W. HARRIS^
Company a
451 Old Somerset Avenue |j North Dighton, Mass Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
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with Satisfaction Guaranteed n
CRANBERRY COLOR RESEARCH
"Color it Red - Earlier"
More uniformly red cranberries could result from use of a chemical called ethephon in cranberries, ac- cording to research by University of Wisconsin horticulturists.
The chemical is not yet registered for commercial use, and treated cranberries cannot be sold, the re- searchers emphasize. Their study concerned the value of the material if and when it is registered for this use. Better color would be of com- mercial economic value to growers.
Bruce Rigby, M.N. Dana and L.K. Binning experimented with the material under several conditions, checking berry color at harvest time.
They concluded ethephon does not really increase the potential for red color in cranberries, but it trig- gers the process earUer— that is, treat- ment of immature berries causes red color development, but treat- ment of mature red berries doesn't make them any redder.
The important thing is that eth- ephon reddened mature green ber-
ries deep in the foliage and hidden from the light. Thus, application of ethephon, possibly through the sprinkler system, would give a more uniform coloring to' all fruits in the field and allow earlier harvesting. Earlier harvesting would decrease the need for frost protection, which is an expensive part of the cran- berry operation, the researchers ex- plain.
Only the very highest dosage in- fluenced the size of the berries, and this was a small effect. None of the treatments resulted in more rapid breakdown of the berries in storage, the researchers showed.
This research was supported with funds supplied by the Wisconsin cranberry industry.
-better fruit . . . better vegetables
AGNES ADDS TO GROWERS WOES IN NEW JERSEY; BLUEBERRY CROP REDUCED ONE THIRD
Tropical storm Agnes touched this section lightly with less than three inches of rain, while areas in
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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Ken Beaton — |
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Specializing in: |
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MANAGEMENT |
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Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
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a path 50 to 100 miles westward suffered record flooding and dam- age.
The 2.75 inches of rain that fell during the storm just increased dam- age to the blueberry crop that has suffered the wettest spring in many years.-
Phillip Marucci, chief of the N. J. Cranberry-Blueberry Lab, reported the record spring rains created a severe fungus disease that caused blossoms to rot. The disease has transferred to the fruit and will cause a large reduction in the yield of early varieties now ripening for market.
On the other hand, according to Marucci, later blueberry varieties look good.
Marucci declared the wet weather caused such extensive damage that this year will go down as one of the worst in the history of the blue- berry industry.
He said preliminary surveys con- ducted of its grower members by the Blueberry Cooperative Associa- tion, New Lisbon, indicate a harvest of approximately one third less than 1971.
Marucci said 1 .75 inches of rain fell on June 22, during the peak of the storm and an additional inch since then for a total of 2.75.
Lakes and streams overflowed their banks in the area but the flooding was far less than in previ- ous storms.
UP WITH BERRIES
Oregon's 1971 berry crops (cane- berries, strawberries, and cranber- ries) totaled 139.8 million pounds, up 4 percent from 1970, according to the Oregon Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. Increased pro- duction of strawberries more than offset decreases in tame blackberries and boysenberries. The value of production of all berry crops to- taled $21.3 million compared with about $22.0 million a year ago.
j^^^eAffteiif'
l^OV^ . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT. DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
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• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS.
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IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
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Mass.
Cranberry
Station
i Fiem Notes
by IRVING E. OEMORANVILLE
extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Drs. Robert Devlin and Robert Yaklich attended a meeting of the Northeastern Section of Plant Physi- ologists in Binghampton, New York from May 4-6. They presented a paper on increasing the uptake of certain herbicides in plants by pre- treating with growth hormone.
Frost
The spring frost season was late in arriving this year and there were only five frost warnings released through May. This compares with six for the same period in 1971, 14 in 1970, 25 in 1969 and 21 in 1968. These figures include both afternoon and evening warnings. A very cold, wet period, consisting of the entire month of April and the first three weeks of May kept frost conditions away from the area, but also made this the most backward spring in many years as far as plant development was concerned. How- ever, on May 25 the first frost warning was issued and it was a "stinger" with temperatures as low as 18 degrees on the bogs. It was cold everywhere, even in Nantucket, and came early in the evening soon after dark in some cases. There has been a fair amount of damage throughout the entire cranberry area-nearly everyone has some frosted spots.
Weather
May was cold for the first three weeks but the last week was quite [warm so that the month as a whole averaged only 0.6 of a degree below normal. Maximum temperature was 77** on the 23rd and the minimum 35° on the 11th and 26th. Cool I periods occurred on 2-4th, 8-1 0th,
15th, 19-20th and 25th. Warmer than average days were 17- 18th, 21st, 23rd and 30-3 1st.
Rainfall totalled 6.25 inches which is 2.8 inches above normal. There was measurable precipitation on 1 1 days with 1 .93 inches on the 3-4th as the largest storm. We are now 4-3/4 inches above normal for the 5-month period and about 4-1/3 inches ahead of 1971.
Maneb and Ferbam are recom- mended on the chart and DifoUtan has recently been approved for use in certain situations, as noted in a notice to all growers. Fungicide treatments are recommended where berries are intended for the fresh fruit market and when water har- vest is planned. Any bog that has produced fruit of questionable qual- ity in past years will ahnost cer- tainly benefit from fungicide appli- cations this year.
Final Keeping Quality Forecast
Weather conditions to June 1st show only three points of a possible 16 which favor good keeping quaUty for the 1972 cranberry crop. This year's prospect is for generally poor keeping quahty and growers are urged to use fungicides as recom- mended in the latest Insect and Disease Control Chart to minimize field rot as well as storage rot.
^*^
^♦^
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
>— ^—>—>—^—^— ^—^—^—^—^— )—>—>— ^—'>—)=^?ri??ir^^rM=>=)
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1.25 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 1.25
365 -Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 1.25 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 1.25 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1.50
865 -New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1.25
1165 -Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1.25
166 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1.25 666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 1.25
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1.25
866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1.25
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 1.75 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1.25
367 -Cranberry Vine Injury 1.25
467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1.25 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1.25 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1.50
168 -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1.25 268 -Control of Fairy Rung Disease 1.25
368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 1.25 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 1.25
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 1.75 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection 3.00
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 1.75 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia 1.25
GENERAL
536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1.00
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1964 1.75 1264 —Washington Experiment Station 1.75
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1965 1.75
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 1.50
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1.75
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1966 1.75
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1.25
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1.50 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey 1.50
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 1.75
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25
867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 1.75 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 1.25
CRA]>^BERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 34th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issue of June 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 2 ANOTHER CASE FOR PESTICIDES !
While reviewing a recent issue of the Ciba-Geigy Journal, we were interested in the following portion from an article entitled, "Pesticides in Review." We pass it on for our readers' information.
A while ago the editor of a magazine made bold to address a top-flight science journalist, congratulating him on a brilliant feature describing the accomplish- ment and promise of modern chemistry which he had written for a leading international journal, but suggesting that he'd been rather harsh in calling those who have persuaded many people, including some public officials, that pesticides are dangerous and should be banned, "gifted polemicists, with an emotional, romantic and mystical bent." The author wrote back in no uncertain terms:
"I have long been a passionate conservationist, long before most of the 'polemicists' to whom I refer began their misguided attacks. I say misguided because they have all too often simply been a blanket attack on science and industry, on whom they would place the blame for all misuse and prob- lems arising out of use of pesticides. I suggest that this is most inappropriate, reckless and irresponsible, often creating more problems than may possibly be solved."
And he added:
"As for DDT, perhaps I am influenced in my thinking by experience, a disadvantage which does not afflict many of its most vociferous critics. I have lived for much of my life in tropical countries without contracting malaria, largely because of syste- matic apphcations of DDT. I have seen what insecti- cides have done for crops in these countries, and what this has meant to millions of people who are eating more and better as a result."
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Siunmer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL CALCULATED IN OREGON
By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon
With all the concern over phos- phate applications to local bogs, I feel it is about time to check into how much actual phosphorus the vines and berries will use. Dr. Ralph Garren, extension small fruits specialist at Oregon State Univer- sity, has told me that the average phosphorus content of cranberries has been calculated to be 80 parts per million. Thus, a 100 barrel per acre crop of berries would remove only eight tenths of a pound of phosphorus from that acre of bog. More phosphorus would be included however, in vines removed by prun- ing, beating, etc., but again amounts removed are small. For example, Dr. Garren has also calculated that approximately two and a half pounds of phosphorus would be included in a ton of dried vines re- moved from an acre of bog. Adding his figures then, the total removal of actual phosphorus per acre per year would come to only about three and a half pounds.
Other researchers have also cal- culated the removal of phosphorus from cranberry bogs. Azmi Shawa reported in his August 6, 1969, Cranberry Vine that a 100-barrel crop per acre would remove one pound of phosphorus in the berries.
All of the above figures are pretty academic until one calculates the amount of fertilizer that would contain four pounds of phosphorus.
One common phosphorus fertilizer available here is triple superphos- phate. Twenty pounds of this mater- ial contain approximately the four pounds of phosphorus and so would replace what is removed from each acre in a year. At best the vine needs for this element seem small and of no great concern here where more than adequate amounts are available in most bog soils.
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A survey of bog tests taken from the same bogs but about a year apart has verified that phosphorus levels do not change very much over a period of time. Of even more in- terest, however, is that almost no fertilizers containing phosphate were used on the bogs included in the survey between the 1970 and 1971 soil test dates. I am now more sure than ever that there is no justi- fication for the use of large amounts of phosphate in an Oregon bog fertility program.
One reason for the above opin- ion is because the bog survey has indicated the phosphate applications tend to "stay around" in our bog soils. As a result, phosphorus levels can build up in the bogs if larger than minimum maintenance appli- cations of phosphate are applied. Another good reason for not apply- ing large amounts of phosphorus to bogs is that the need of the vines for this element is relatively small. For example, it has been estimated that the removal of one ton of dried vines in pruning plus the harvest of 100-barrel crop per acre will remove only about four and a half pounds of actual phosphorus from that acre. This figure is approximately equal to the amount of phosphate appHed in one-half sack of ordinary super- phosphate or in one quarter sack of triple super-phosphate per acre.
The important thing to keep in mind in limiting phosphate applica- tions is that levels of this important plant nutrient must be kept in bal- ance with levels of other nutrients needed by the vines. Just one factor in this caution is that yellow upright tips and leaves can be caused by the relationship between high phos- phorus levels and zinc deficiency.
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According to Azmi Shawa's Cran- berry Fweof July 20, 1966, "There is a relationship between high phos- phorus and zinc deficiencj^. Zinc is not tied up in the soil by phos- phorus, however. High levels of phosphorus in the plant tissue tend to restrict the uptake of zinc" . . . by the vines instead. Thus, the use of too much phosphate can create conditions which are best avoided by limiting applications of this ele- ment to amounts needed by the vines.
TISSUE TEST
DEVELOPMENT PROGRESSING
It is now becoming obvious that other cranberry growing areas are actively trying to develop tissue analysis to the point where bog fertilizer needs can be judged from tissue test readings. An article in the April issue of American Fruit Grower provides some information about this type of work being car- ried on in Wisconsin. Two research- ers there have concentrated their efforts upon determining what tis- sue test readings mean in regard to bOg phosphorus needs. As a result,
they have actually found a minimum reading below which vines will re- spond to phosphorus applications. Moreover, they have also deter- mined the reading level below which vines actually will show the typical phosphorus deficiency symptoms of pinkish growing tips and leaves with a purplish tinge.
One portion of the American Fruit Grower article that could pos- sibly be related to our soil test program is of interest. The two Wis- consin researchers have also gath- ered evidence that soil test levels below 45 to 60 pounds of phos- phorus per acre could limit growth. If these figures were broken down to parts per million phosphorus as an Oregon bog soil test would read, then our readings of 22 to 30 for phosphorus would be about the same. Since our soil testing program has led to recommendations which call for phosphorus applications at readings of 20 parts per million or below, it is comforting that we have come this close to phosphorus soil test level determinations backed up by what appears to be an effective tissue testing program.
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WISCONSIN
SUMMER
MEETING
The summer cranberry field day is scheduled for August 17, 1972 at the Jacob Searles Cranberry Co., Rt. 3, Wisconsin Rap- ids, 54494 (Don Duckart). More complete program details will be announced later.
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HONEYBEE POPULATIONS AND FRUIT SET IN CRANBERRY
by Bruce Rigby, M. N. Dana,
F. Moeller and C. F. Koval-
Universitv of Wisconsin. Madison
Roberts and Struckmeyer (5) believed that the cranberry Vac- cinium macrocarpon Ait flowers were poUinated by agitation of the blossoms either by air currents or insect activity. Filmer (2) showed that wind and mechanical jarring of the blossoms were ineffective in promoting pollination. Farrar and Bain (1) showed that honeybees "work" blossoms and bring about pollination. Marucci (3) reviewed the Uterature and concluded that insects were the chief pollinating agents for cranberry.
Saran screen cages, 1 2 mesh per inch with a 12% light depression factor, each covering an area of 363 ft.2 (22 X 16.5 ft. x 7 ft. high) were used with the early cultivar Ben Lear. Five treatments were used: 1) a cage with honeybees at the rate of 10 colonies/acre equiva- lent; 2) a cage with honeybees at the approximate rate of 1 colony/- acre equivalent; 3) an uncaged area; 4) a cage with no honeybees; 5) a cage with no honeybees and the area sprayed with Gardona insecti- cide. The cages were erected on June 19 as the first flowers opened and the bees were introduced the day following. All cages were re- moved on July 16. Within each plot, 4 sub-plots of 10 sq. ft. were defined by wire hoops. The number of bees visiting flowers within each hoop during a 30 sec. period was recorded hourly for several days. In the "open" plots the counts in- cluded bumblebees as well as honey- bees.
On September 2 1 all the uprights from 4 sub-plots of 1 sq. ft. were taken from each plot. These samples were used to obtain fruit set, flower- ing and budding data.
8
The berries were hand raked from the 10 sq. ft. sub-plots, weighed for yield, and graded into 4 size categories; viz., less than 9 mm. diameter, 9-12 mm., 13-16 mm., and those more than 16 mm. in diameter. Seed counts were made at random from each of the treat- ment sub-plots, within the above size categories.
Results and Discussion
The bees were most active when the temperature was high and the relative humidity was low as is shown for a representative sunny day. Fig, 1. In the cage where the bee population was high, about twice as many visits were observed as in the cage with the low popula- tion. Only occasionally were any bees observed in the open pollina- tion area.
Fruit set percentage for the cages with high and low bee populations were comparable, Table 1. The cage with no bees had a 22% set and even in the cage treated with in- secticide to eliminate all insects, there was an 8.5%> set.
The yield of harvested fruit was directly related to differences in flower numbers and percent fruit set as would be expected. An inverse relation between fruit set percentage and the number of flowering up- rights with fruit buds for next year's crop was found. If all uprights set fruit in any given year, one could expect a lighter crop the following year because of the short- age of flower buds. A cranberry upright tends to have a biennial bearing habit.
Of the 4 size classes used, the greatest percentage by weight of berries was found to be those with
a diameter of 13-16 mm.. Table 2. The low bee treatment had a higher % wt. of berries with diameters over 16 mm. than the high bee treatment. The size differences may reflect an effect of competition between berries where the greater number of berries were produced. However, the low yield treatment (E) with few berries produced a low % of berries in the large size class. The largest berries contained the highest seed number. Table 2, Within a size class, berries from treatments C, D and E, with the lowest % fruit set, showed fewer seeds than berries taken from treatments with bees. With a low level of competition between berries (poor set) large berries were produced with few seeds but where competition be- tween berries was great, a larger number of seeds was necessary to stimulate large berries. The benefits of pollination for fruit set and for seed set to stimulate fruit develop- ment are evident for with high seed counts the berries are large in spite of competition among fruit on the same upright. Rigby and Dana (4) have recently shown a high correla- tion between seed number and fruit size in the cranberry.
The open poUin^ed flowers were visited by bumblebees as well as honeybees. It was noted that bum- blebees visited more flowers per unit time than did honeybees. The bumblebee collected nectar in a different manner than a honeybee. The bumblebee clasps the flower securely with his feet in such a way that the anther pores and the stigma contact the hairy underside of the abdomen. The mouth parts separate the filaments at their bases as the bee seeks the nectaries. In contrast.
the honeybee lands lightly on the flower and reaches the nectary by forcing the anther ring apart at the distal end. Any pollen is shed on the head of the bee which may never make contact with the stigma of this or another flower. It is possible for a nectar gathering honeybee to make floral visits with- out ever effecting pollination. Un- fortunately, we cannot establish bumblebee colonies and the natural population is often too low for adequate cranberry pollination.
The cage with no bees added and the cage with no bees plus an insecticide application produced fruit sets of 22 and 8.5% re- spectively. These data suggest the importance of insects other than bees in effecting pollination in cranberry. The low fruit set in the insecticide treated plot adds sup- port to the argument that insects are necessary for pollination.
Under caged conditions, 1 colony per acre of honeybees equivalent provided a fruit set percentage comparable to that for bees at 10 colonies per acre equivalent. Satura- tion with a very high bee population was not effective in bringing on 100% set. Other factors than pol- lination must have prevented fruit set in about 40% of the flowers of the high bee population cage.
These results emphasize the im- portance of wild insects in cranberry pollination and confirm the value of honeybees in effecting pollina- tion. The practical problem of finding ways to force the honeybee to visit the cranberry flower re- mains. In this study the cages limited the bees range and forced them onto the cranberry flowers. Without cages and given a free selection of nectar sources the honeybee may not always work actively on cranberries.
Literature Cited
1. Farrar, C. L. and H. F. Bain. 1946. Honeybees as pollinators of the cranberry. Amer. Bee J. 86: 503-504.
2. Fihner, R. S. 1949. Cranberry pollination studies. Proc. Amer.
Cranb. Growers' Assoc. 80th Ann. Conv. p. 14-20.
3. Marucci, P. E. 1967. Cranberry pollination. Amer. Bee. J. 107: 212-213.
4. Rigby, B. and M. N.Dana. 1971. Seed counts and berry volume in cranberry. Hort. Science 6: 495-496.
5. Roberts, R. H. and B. E. Struck- meyer. 1942. Growth and fruit- ing of the cranberry. Proc. Amer, Soc. Hort. Sci, 40: 373-379.
1. Received for publication April 1972. Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, and by the Wisconsin State Department of Agriculture from funds provided by the Wisconsin Cranberry Industry and the Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
2. Research Assistant and Professor, De- partment of Horticulture; USD A Bee Management Investigations Leader and Associate Professor, Department of En- tomology, respectively.
Table 1, Growth and production data for plots with
different populations of Insect pollinators.
1
|
Treatment |
No, of flowers |
No. of fruit |
7. set |
Yield bbl/A |
% rebud. |
|
A, Bees-high |
290 |
169 |
58 |
248 |
2.3 |
|
B. Bees-low |
162 |
95 |
59 |
135 |
6,5 |
|
C. Open pollln* |
375 |
113 |
30 |
160 |
11.2 |
|
D« Bees excluded |
282 |
62 |
22 |
60 |
30.0 |
|
E. Bees excl. + Insecticide |
317 |
27 |
8.5 |
25 |
41.5 |
Table 2. Percentage by weight of berries and average seed counts per berry In several slse classes for 5 pollination treatments.
|
Percentag Size Class |
ie by wt. |
Seeds/berry |
||||||
|
Pollination |
Fruit Slse Class On |
<i^; |
||||||
|
Treatment |
<9 |
9-12 |
13-16 |
>16 |
<9 |
9-12 |
13«16 |
>16 |
|
A. Bees-high |
0.7 |
11 |
75 |
13 |
8.0 |
8.4 |
11.4 |
14.6 |
|
B, Bees-low |
1.0 |
6 |
64 |
29 |
6.4 |
7.1 |
12.8 |
14.1 |
|
C. Open pollln. |
2.2 |
22 |
65 |
10 |
1.5 |
3.8 |
6.1 |
13.0 |
|
D. Bees excluded |
4.7 |
23 |
55 |
18 |
0,6 |
2.6 |
4.1 |
11.5 |
|
E. Bees excl. + Insecticide |
8.0 |
32 |
50 |
10 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
5.0 |
11.1 |
|
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FHE INSTITUTIONAL CONVENIENCE CRANBERRY PACIf
Preliminary Findings on a New Method of Increasing Sales I of Cranberries to the Institutional Market
By J. R. Roth
Instate Promotion & Merchandising Specialist
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture
Premise
The institutional market is rap- idly evolving towards greater utili- zation of convenience portion control packages of staple food items on daily menus. This trend is due to increasing labor costs and desire of food management person- nel to feel more efficiently large masses of people while maintaining quality, variety, nutritional stand- ards and palatability in their menu planning.
Institutional Segment Survey
I. HOSPITALS-University, Metho- dist, Madison General and Veterans Hospital, all in Madison; Wood Vet- erans Hospital in Milwaukee; Mercy Medical Center in Oshkosh; Dieti- tions and food purchasing personnel were interviewed.
II. INDUSTRIAL CAFETERIAS-
Central managers of food services for two major Wisconsin industrial firms in Milwaukee were contacted.
III. DEPARTMENT STORE FOOD SERVICE-The Director of Food Services for nine state stores of one of Milwaukee's major depart- ment store chains was interviewed.
IV. COLLEGES-University of Wis- consin and Milton College; food purchasing directors were inter- viewed.
V. SUPPLIERS-A major dairy and fast foods distributor was contacted.
Recommendation
The cranberry industry and/or processors should research the feasi- bility of developing a portion con-
10
trol convenience pack of jellied cranberry sauce (seedless) for utili- zation in the various segments of the institutional market. My prelim- inary findings upon inquiry about the acceptability of such a product indicate that such a product would have substantial market potential. A brief discussion of my findings is as follows:
Survey Findings
The author's interest in the survey was provoked by his stay in two hospital gastrointestinal wards. The food served gastro pa- tients, particularly on soft, semi- liquid, or liquid diets, is not very palatable after a few days and is characterized by a lack of variety. On all three diets gelatin is a staple food and the patient is served gelatin as many as six times daily.
Many hospitals have gone to a formseal plastic portion control container for gelatin and use this pack for general meals and on snack trays. In discussing this subject with dietitians, I found that they would also be quite receptive to jellied cranberry sauce in the same type of container to substitute for or supplement gelatin. If this type of portion control pack were avail- able, it could be utilized in a wide variety of diets where food intake is quite limited and the problem for the patient is a lack of variety of foods available.
As the substitute for gelatin, everyone I talked to indicated jellied cranberry sauce is highly satisfactory because of its nutritional value. It also may be highly satisfactory on low calorie diets because the strong flavor of cranberries will overwhehn the sometimes undesirable taste of artificial sweeteners currently being used. The biggest potential, how- ever, is with gastro patients where low bulk, easily digestible food is necessary. From a nutritional stand- point, jellied cranberry sauce would be preferred over gelatin. It should be pointed out that patients with severe ulcers probably would not be offered jellied cranberry sauce because of acidity content, but most gastro patients have involve- ment in the intestines and acidic foods such as natural fruit juices are usually allowed on their diets. Patients on general diets could also select portion control packs of jellied cranberry sauce if it were offered on selective daily menus. Some urologists recommend regular intake of cranberries in patients with tendencies towards kidney stones as a preventative measure.
Some of the hospitals do not yet use portion control convenience packages as labor-saving devices, but all verified that this type of package will be even more prevalent in the future, and many are con- sidering going to convenience pack foods as labor costs rise.
The most dramatic discovery I made in my investigation is that
cost is not very important as a deterrent in purchasing foods for hospitals. The nutritional value, palatability, flexibility of use and convenience factors are the main criteria used. Cranberry juice and cranberry-apple juice already have wide acceptance because they meet these criteria.
In talking with the suppHers of the formseal plastic portion control gelatin pack, I found that they have several other markets for this product. Catering services, vending machine suppliers and cafeterias also use this product, and there is probably a good market for jellied cranberry sauce in these same out- lets. The directors of food services for university cafeterias and dining facilities, industrial cafeterias, and department stores all indicated vary- ing degrees of interest in the potential of convenience packed cranberries were such a product available. The main criteria here again is the degree to which various food services have stressed cutting labor costs.
Assuming that portion control convenience pack of jellied cran- berry sauce were developed, mar- keting success would depend on several factors, namely:
1. Size and type of package (form seal seems to be best received).
2. The amount of jellied cran- berry sauce in the package (dietary experts should determine this).
3. Another factor to be con- sidered is offering both naturally sweetened and low calorie packages.
4. The most important factor, I believe, would be gaining proper distribution to the institutional trade once the product is tested and found acceptable. Market seg- mentation and test marketing the product in each segment are neces- sary prerequisites to gaining proper distribution.
Summary
The purpose of this short report is to plant an idea as a seed for cranberry people and their proces- sors to study. I believe that there definitely is a market for cranberries
packaged as I propose. The cost of verifying my cursory study, market development, and marketing such a product in a test market should be minimal. The investment in such a project, I believe, would be small when weighed against the market potential there is in portion control packaged foods. Since cranberries are in surplus supply, I would hope this new market potential would be explored thoroughly. My research has indicated that jellied cranberry sauce could be sold to this market to supplement gelatin, which is widely used in most segments of the institutional market.
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TRANSPORTERS OF FARM LABOR TO BE CHECKED IN NEW JERSEY
Beginning this week, drivers of vehicles transporting day haul and migrant farm workers will be sub- ject to road spot checks across the State, Herbert J. Heibnann, Assist- ant Commissioner for Labor Stan- dards, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, announced on June 28.
Heilmarm said inspectors of the Department's Bureau of Migrant Labor and of the State Division of Motor Vehicles will request crew leaders to produce registration pa- pers and make certain that vehicles meet prescribed safety standards.
"Any vehicle found in violation will be immediately taken out of service. Each driver also must pro- duce proof of adequate insurance which is mandatory for transporting work crews," he added.
JJ
J U M E 19 4 7
It is announced by Theodore H. Budd, Sr., of Pemberton, N. J., president Growers' Cranberry Co., that Walter Z. Fort has been chosen to represent the Company in its member contact work.
Several months ago C. D. Ham- mond, Jr., general manager Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company, pre- dicted 500 acres of new marsh would be planted this spring, but now he does not expect this figure will be quite reached, although he does expect the new acreage will be around 400. Weather conditions were against the growers, also other factors entered in, such as the high price of vines and in some cases shortages of labor.
"Food Marketing in New Eng- land, " monthly publication of First National Stores, in a summary of fruit and vegetable dollar value sales for the past year places cran- berries 45 th on the list, with the percentage of 0.11 of total. Blue- berries were 32 with a percentage of 0.51. Bananas were in No. 1 position in dollar value, oranges second, potatoes third (but first in bulk); applies fifth.
An associate county agricultural agent has been named to work with Bertram Tomlinson in Barn- stable County, Cape Cod proper. He is Oscar S. Johnson, a native of the Cape. This appointment should provide opportunity for Mr. Tom- linson to provide even more time to cranberry work than he has in the past, although he has always given extremely valuable and inten- sive attention to cranberry culture in his county.
Opening gun of the 1947 Massa- chusetts Root Grub campaign was fired early, this being a field meet- ing at the State Bog, East Wareham,
12
April 11, called by County Agent "Dick" Beattie. Root Grub is now Bay State insect pest "No. 1," and Dr. Franklin told the growers assembled that if it was not for Root Grub, Massachusetts might harvest an annual 150,000 barrels more.
The new Western Picker which will be in use this harvest season is made entirely of magnesium. Cast Magnesium is one of the lightest metals, being over one-third lighter than cast aluminum, is tough, stiff and strong, can be bent without breaking, and withstands abrasion and corrosion.
"Blossom Weevil on Cultivated Blueberries" is the title of Circular 504 published by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey, by C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr., of the Cranberry-Blueberry Station at Pemberton.
The proposal of an impartial "cranberry institute" has been made by C M. Chaney in his an- nual report to American Cranberry Exchange directors. A principal function of such an organization if it should be formed, would be to promote increased use of cran- berries through advertising cam- paigns which would be paid for by all growers.
Wide, modem roadways will give access to individual cranberry bogs in a new area now under development west of the Seven Devils road about seven miles north of Bandon, Oregon, along the coast, where William H. F. Zied- rich of Coquille is clearing land and building roads for new owners of bog land who have their places in the initial stages of construction.
"Del" Hammond, Jr., has also been working upon a new frost warning system for Wisconsin cran- berry growers. He has been visited by Howard Kenney of the United States Weather Bureau, Chicago of- fice, and the Sales company is tak- ing the lead in developing the system, although the whole indus- try is to benefit from it. There is planned as close a system to that used in Massachusetts as possible. It is hoped the new system will be inaugurated for fall frosts.
Dan Rezin, director and vice- president of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales, has purchased a new airplane. He makes two flying directors, the other being Newell Jasperson. Charles L. Lewis of Mid-West Cran- berry Association and his sons have flying licenses, as well as others. A number of Wisconsin marshes now have landing strips be- side them. Growers are becoming pretty air-minded on the whole.
Mr. and Mrs. Elis E. Einarsson have sold their grocery business in Bandon to Mr. and Mrs. George Wolverton and are preparing to de- vote their entire time to the con- struction of a new cranberry bog in the Prosper district.
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NOVA SCOTIA
Plant growth during the past month has been excellent and nearly all of the vegetation is up to the average stage of development for this date.
A Ught frost occurred on May 12 and we have had timely rains.
Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Balcom have recently returned from a trip to Wisconsin and while in that State they visited Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Goldsworthy. Dr. R. Stark of the Kentville Station visited Eagle River at the same time and reports a warm welcome.
WISCONSIN
Sunny and dry summer weather moved into Wisconsin early in the
week of the 14th and stayed through the weekend. Temperatures warmed into the upper 80's or low 90's during the afternoon while night- time minima generally did not drop below 50 late in the week. Rainfall, for all practical purposes, was nearly non-existent, though a few scattered showers did occur in the east on the 15th, west on the 17th, and northwest on the 20th. The very intense sunshine and accompany- ing moderate humidities and weak winds have caused extremely rapid warming of the previously cold soils and lake waters.
The period of hot and dry weather extended through most of the week of the 21st until showers overspread the State in advance of colder weather on Sunday. This brought to an end a twelve-day period of summerlike weather which saw the mercury reach into the upper 80's or low 90's for high temperatures throughout the State with night-time minima generally in the 50's.
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Some rain fell in western Wiscon- sin on several days earlier in the week as widespread shower activity moved northward through Iowa and Minnesota. It was not until Sunday, though, that more widespread rain moved across Wisconsin with more falling on Monday and Tuesday after the period ended.
Temperatures for the week of May 28 averaged near normal with cooler than normal weather early in the period balanced by quite warm weather during the latter part. Near freezing temperatures occurred in many areas early on the 31st. In contrast, new record high tempera- tures for the date, in the low 90's, were set in southern portions on the afternoon of June 3.
The week's rainfall fell mainly on May 29 and again over the weekend. Eastern counties benefitted from the showers late in the period. Some hail and strong winds accompanied these showers locally.
"new JERSEY
The trend of wet, cool weather prevalent this spring continued through May. The month was wetter and cooler than normal. The average temperature was 61.10 F or 1.10 below normal. Rainfall totalled 5.57
Continued on Page 14
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
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13
1 NEWS
inches, which is 2.02 inches above the average for May.
An unusual wet spell throughout the blossoming period of the early varieties of blueberries caused heavy losses. During the peak of bloom of the important Weymouth variety, there was a very wet period during which rain occurred on 9 of 12 days. The bushes remained wet almost constantly and this created favorable conditions for fungus diseases, mainly botrytis and the mummy berry. The result for many growers was the loss of more than half of the crop potential of early varieties.
Frosts added to the destruction of the blueberry crop and caused an appreciable loss of cranberries. Temperatures in the low 20' s were reported on a few bogs on the mornings of May 27 and May 28. At the weather shelter at New Lis- bon the readings were 35° and 34° which are the lowest ever recorded on these dates in 44 years. These low temperatures came close to the one which caused the most destruc- tive frost damage to blueberries in New Jersey. This occurred on May 25, 1956, when the shelter tempera- ture was 30° and some blueberry fields recorded 18°.
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Bogs Need Bees
Cranberry bloom is starting now and it is getting close to the time that bee hives will be rented by growers. As is usual, local bogs vary in their stage of flower development with some days ahead of others in this respect. Consequently, the ac- tual date of placing hives near bogs will tend to vary according to the stage of individual bog bloom. Rec- ommendations from Azmi Shawa in his latest Cranberry Vine grower's newsletter call for placement of
14
hives at 20 to 25 percent bloom "so as to reduce the chance of bees foraging elsewhere." Unfortunately, it isn't always possible to achieve this ideal timing due to beekeepers' time schedules and the variability of bogs in bloom development. However, if hive placement is held up until at least some bloom is ready then the prospects for rented bees working the cranberry flowers are greatly improved.
The beekeepers who are renting hives to cranberry growers this year are aware of the need for some bloom to be present on bogs before hives are placed. Both were in the Bandon area last week checking on vine growth and grower orders, and they assured me then that they will be ready to start delivering bees when the bloom is ready. If any growers still would like to order bees or want to check on delivery dates they should contact Mr. El-
vin E. Burns, 5300 Upper River Road, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526 or phone 479-3491.
GYPSY MOTH SPRAYING COMPLETE
The 1972 cooperative gypsy moth spray program was completed by the end of June in New Jersey, and early indications are that there was an excellent reduction of gypsy moth in the areas treated, according to Robert C. Fringer, Principal bio- logist, N. J. Dept. of Agriculture, who directed the program this year.
In all, about 49,000 acres of forested, residential and recreational lands were sprayed with Sevin-4-oil in an attempt to reduce the damage caused by this Number 1 pest of eastern forests.
• GASOLINE
• MOTOR OILS
• LUBRICANTS
• KEROSENE
• SOLVENT
• FUEL OILS
• PROPANE GAS
• BULK and CYLINDER GAS SERVICE
• PROPANE CARBURETION INSTALLED -SERVICED
Telephone:
Area Code 617 585-6511
No change in minimum wage for farm workers in Massachusetts this year. Figure remains at $1.60 per hour for those over 18 years old (who have passed their 18th birth- day.) Those under 18 remain ex- empt from minimum, except on a farm which employs enough people to total 500 man days per quarter. Here, the minimum wage (for those under 18) is $ 1 .30 per hour.
Good advice from Commissioner Chandler for fruit and vegetable growers who are having trouble with slow payments from their handlers at the market; this long delay can be avoided under the Perishable Agricultural Conmiodities Act. It's up to you . . . the grower to notify the buyer that you expect prompt payment. Producers need to notify buyers that they expect payment within 10 days after the date on which the produce is accepted, or if diverted, 10 days after produce arrives at ultimate destination. Tell the buyer your terms, and have an agreement with him on payment. This will avoid misunderstanding
over just when you were due to be paid.
Questions about O.S.H.A.-Oc- cupational Safety and Health Act- keep coming into your Farm Bureau office. From time to time, we'll print an answer to one of these which pops up frequently. Like: Do I as a farmer report my own per- sonal injuries or illnesses? Answer: NO. Only the injuries or illnesses of your employees which are work-re- lated should be reported.
Opportunity for chauffeur, main- tenance man has also been reported to the Farm Bureau office in Wal- tham. A lady is looking-for a man to chauffeur, maintain grounds and do general work. He would have a 6-roorn house with two baths and all utilities furnished plus $500 per month. No small children. If you are interested, you may call em- ployer Collect at (617) 668-0380.
a desire to "do almost any kind of work, learning about the operation of a farm." She is single, 24 years old and will provide references. If you would be willing to consider her for employment, please contact the Farm Bureau office in Waltham for particulars. Phone us at (617) 893-2600.
Ross Frair of Farm Family was really putting out the fires during the month of May this year. We understand Ross arranged for fire protection coverage for a huge num- ber of Farm Bureau families this May. Nice going, Ross!
AFBF President Kuhfuss favors the sale of farm and industrial prod- ucts to the Soviet Union providing the transactions are on a cash basis and are consistent with our national security. Speaking recently, Kuh- fuss said he saw exciting new oppor- tunities for farm products export-
ing, especially feed grains, to Russia A young lady from the city is " and eastern Europe, looking for a job on a farm this
summer. In her letter, she expresses
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO.
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
Ken Stahl of Channel 5 in Bos- ton is now appearing on the "Eye- opener News" show each Monday- Wednesday-Friday between 7 and 7:30 A.M. Ken is one of our state's great supporters of agriculture, and we wish him much luck-and lots more exposure on TV!
This weather is really somethin' isn't it? If you're having a serious problem with your crop because of a '.particularly bad situation where you live, we'd like to know about it. We'd appreciate a brief note from you on what's happening, so that we can assemble an overall look at our state's agriculture, and the ef- fect of cool, wet weather on it. In writing, please, no phone calls.
The tragic death of Charles Peck, 11-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs.
Continued on Page 20
15
ofeiru3ii^y
These people need your help.
HORACE H. ADAMS
Horace H. Adams, 78, of Main St., Chatsworth, N. J., died recently in the Burlington County Memorial Hospital, Mount Holly. He was born in Woodmansie and lived in the Chatsworth area all his life. He was a retired blueberry grower. He was a member of the Chatsworth Meth- odist Church and Chatsworth Fire Co.
He is survived by three sisters, Mrs. James H. Scott of New Lisbon; Mrs. Jessie Nardin of Bricktown; and Mrs. Eva Stevenson of Chats- worth; and a brother, Caleb Adams of Chatsworth.
You may have seen them before. You'll see these ads often this year in national media space contributed to the cause of traffic safety.
They'r/trying to keep your employees alive and healthy. By encouraging them to use safety belts, both in their private driving and on the job for you.
But they can't succeed all by them- selves. And that's where you come in.
You can encourage every one of your employees to use safety belts regularly. Wain about the lethal danger of making excuses. Remind them that 7000 people died last year because they weren't wearing safety belts when they ran into trouble.
If you do your part, you'll be helping your employees stay alive and well. And on the job for you.
If you don't . . . what's your excuse?
cranberry growers
If
For just $2.50 per acre plus the price of material applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungicides through your sprinkler system. Compare these features:
1 . No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined.
2. No waiting for fog to lift-I can work all night if necessary.
3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results.
4. All billing done in September.
I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this service.
CALL: BOB ALBERGHINI
WAR EH AM, MASS. 295-9092
If no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop collect
Plymouth 746-2734
Iheiale Mice CammtMOk beloved father of three, thought safety belts were for kkk.
Advertising contributed for the public goo
16
»rlng
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- ural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products . . . Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and A'ater-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and nany other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper salance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant :haracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents :A this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer eleihents, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By harry warren anderson Formerly of Univ. of Illinois
501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of ;ultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America ind in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- ropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- jution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the Pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference iources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their Importance.
Agricultural Engln< Agronomy Horticulture Plant PatHology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6x9, 171 iUus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides— selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. shoemaker, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete covep^ age of ^ the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALTER, Univ. of IV is. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to tiie field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
17
Desserts in their infinite variety offer the creative cook limitless opportunities to finish every meal with a flourish. Those shown here are all made with versatile fresh cranberries.
Minced Cranberry Pie is a recipe of distinction, one you will want to repeat often and per- haps present to a special friend or neighbor. For more elegant or gala occasions, it would be hard to beat Cranberry Baked Alaska or the lovely Frosted Cranberry Cake Roll.
18
MINCED CRANBERRY PIE
(Makes 1, 9-inch pie)
3 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberry,
rinsed and drained 2 cups chopped tart apples 1/4 cup currants 1/2 cup raisins 1/4 cup chopped suet 1/4 cup finely cut citron 1 tablespoon grated orange rind 1/4 cup molasses IV* cups sugar 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon mace 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup cider
1/3 cup dark rum, if desired Pastry for double-crust, 9-inch pie
In saucepan combine cranberries, apples, currants, raisins, suet, citron, orange rind, molasses, sugar, spices, salt and cider. Bring to a simmer, cover and simmer 30 minutes. Cool. Add rum and mix well.
Line 9-inch pie pan with half the pastry. Pour in cranbeny filling and cover with top crust. Flute edge and cut several slits in top crust. Place a 2-inch strip of foil around rim of pie to prevent overbrown- ing. Bake pie on lowest shelf in hot oven (425» F.) 50 to 55 minutes. Remove foil last 5 minutes. Serve warm.
CRANBERRY BAKED ALASKA
(Makes 10 to 12 servings)
1 package (18^ ounces) yellow cake mix
1 cup Ocean Spray fresh or frozen fresh
cranberries, chopped 1/4 cup sugar
1 can (13 ounces) evaporated skim milk 2-1/3 cups heavy cream 4 egg yolks 3/4 cup sugar 1 teaspoons vanilla extract 4 egg whites 3/4 cup sugar Frosted cranberries (optional)
Make and bake cake mix as label directs using 9-inch square pan. Cool and remove from pan. Mix cranberries with sugar; place in freezer. Combine skim milk, cream, egg yolks, sugar and vanilla; beat until sugar is dissolved. Pour mixture into freezer container and freeze until mix- ture is half frozen. Scrape this ice cream into bowl and beat with an electric mixer until double in volume. Fold in cranberry mixture; pour into 9-inch square pan. Cover and freeze. When ready to assem- ble Alaska unmold ice cream and place on top of the cake square cut level on top. Place cake topped with ice cream on wooden board or heatproof platter. Replace in freezer. Beat egg whites until stiff. Gradually beat in sugar, 1 table- spoon at a time, until mixture is stiff and glossy. Remove Alaska from freezer. Spread sides and top of cake and ice cream completely with meringue, sealing all edges. Bake in a preheated moderately hot oven (400° F.) for 5 to 6 minutes or until lightly browned. Garnish with fros- ted cranberries, if desired. Cut into slices and serve at once.
COSTS SLASHED FOR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL FOGGING WITH PROVEN CSfSECTICIDE NOW AVAILABLE [N "AUTOMATIC DISPENSER"
A giant step forward in the con- tinuing war against insect pests has been made possible by radical new type of automatic dispenser which dramatically slashes costs, A power- ful non-toxic insecticide just intro- duced in a new "One Shot" dis- penser permits fogging of large areas in just a few minutes— without a single person or spraying equipment needed!
Two sizes of the Fumol "One Shot" insecticide are available: a 15 oz. unit can fog an area 11,000 cubic feet in five minutes. The 6 oz. container fogs a work area of 5 ,000 cubic feet in but two minutes. All that is required is to close off win- dows and doors, set the patented clip on the "One Shot" and the spray goes to work on roaches and waterbugs, silverfish, spiders, flies, gnats and other insect pests. Area should be left closed for half an hour, then may be ventilated and is ready for immediate use. The unit can also be used as a regular type aerosol dispenser.
"One Shot" is specially designed for food and meat processing plants, breweries and soft drink operations, silos, bakeries, trucks, railroad cars and locker room areas, plus where- ever food is served: restaurants, bars and fast food units, where its economy of operation, effective formula and operating speed make it far superior to ordinary institu- tional insecticides. The Fumol "One Shot" is approved by the U.S. En- vironmental Protection Administra- tion. Details available from Fumol Corporation, 49-65 Van Dam Street, Long Island City, N. Y. 1 1 101.
CRANBERRIES...
the on
GROWER magazine
j^.]kln
'.'■^M^^^i
WANTED TO BUY 2 WESTERN PICKERS
C. E. Morse Tel. Evenings 695-9612
19
15% CROP DROP PREDICTED IN WISCONSIN
There will be approximately a 15 percent drop in cranberry prod- uction this year according to Ver- non Goldsworthy, president of Cranberry Products, Inc. of Eagle River. "However this drop in prod- uction will not raise the prices on any cranberry products," said Golds- worthy.
The reason for the drop in prod- uction is the late start in the grow- ing season in the cranberry marshes, due to the poor spring weather. The crop is between two and three weeks late in getting started. Goldsworthy said that "the crop would probably produce as many cranberries as in past summers but the berries would be smaller because of the late start."
The unusual weather has created other problems for the cranberry growers. Herbicides are usually used on a wide scale in the production of cranberries. However, this spring was too cold to apply the herbi- cides and now that the warm weather has hit, it's too late to ap- ply them. The herbicides must be applied in the dormant stage. Now that the berries are starting to grow the herbicides can't be used without harming the plants.
According to Goldsworthy there is stUl a sizeable amount of ice and frost in the marshes and this ice will have to be broken up before irriga- tion pipes can be laid. However,
Goldsworthy said that this is of no major concern to the growers.
Winter snow conditions also caused from two to three percent of cranberry vines to be destroyed. There is a federal law prohibiting the growing of new cranberry marshes which has been in effect between four and five years, so these vines will not be able to be replaced. Goldsworthy showed no concern about the damage, saying that production would not be hurt by the loss.
Goldsworthy looked for the 1972 year to be another good one for cranberry sales even with the drop in production. "This and the fact that prices would remain steady will be made possible because the 1971 year produced a very big crop, and there are still berries available from that crop." He felt that the biggest increase in sales would be in juices which has continued to climb rap- idly in the past several years.
CRANBERRY MARKETING COMMITTEE MEETS
At the last meeting of the Cran- berry Marketing Committee, Rich- ard Indermuehle was voted in as independent representative from Wisconsin, and Charles Goldsworthy alternate. A vote was also taken to feel out the sentiment on abolishing the Marketing Order. On the inde- pendent vote there was 24 voting in favor of abolishment and only one against it.
MISCELLANEOUS
WISCONSIN
NOTES
Quite a lot of frost damage oc- curred in Wisconsin where the sprinklers did not reach the outside edges when the temperature went down as low as 15° in northern Wis- consin.
In addition there was quite a lot of winter injury from the heavy snows which resulted in smothering the vines, but in general the Wis- consin prospects should be about the same as last year, as there is new acreage coming in that was planted when the growers rushed to plant what they could before the Marketing Order became effective.
FARM BUREAU
Continued from Page 15
Marvin Peck of the Franklin County Farm Bureau is noted with deep sorrow. Members and friends may send contributions to the Charles M. Peck Memorial, c/o Fred B. Dole, Shelburne, Massachusetts.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. 715-835-5157 Madison, Wis. 608-222-4151
Escanaba, Mich. 906-786-6920 Green Bay, Wis. 414-435-6639
Milwaukee, Wis. 414-461-5440 Ironwood, Mich. 906-932-0222
20
1 1 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
WANTED
Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows:
1936
SEP, NOV, DEC
1937
JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY
JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV
1938
MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG
1958
OCT
Some exchange copies available
PLEASE WRITE:
Dr. G. W. Eaton
Dept. of Plant Science
University of B. C.
Vancouver 8, Canada
% sefiiiM llw WBCOHSIH urowcrs %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranbeny Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
please
Mention
ERR^^l
cRANit.A;«---*
When
Yoo Answer
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
A lot of people wouldn^t knov what these were if we didn^t pu an Ocean Spray label on them.
You know how most people buy cranberries these days? In cans and bottles and jars* Jellied and frozen and squeezed*
Many of them wouldn't recognize a whole, fresh cran- berry if they saw one*
So how do they know what to buy? They look for the Ocean Spray label.
To millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
They're buying more cranberry products than ever. Many they never heard of a couple of years ago.
But they know the name. And they know what it stands for.
You don't get a reputation like that overnight.
Ocean spray,
Z'^.
^V<U^
Massachusetts
Ne\A/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
^ \A/ashington
Canada
y
LIBRARY
AUG 11972
mNBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
VOL, 31 ^3
CV}^
x^
LEGISLATOR'S TOUR 6
SURFACE WATER QUALITY 8
MASS. FARM BUREAU 20
o
DR. ROBERT DEVLIN ADDRESSING LEGISLATORS -^lEage 6 ™.
CD
•—J
CO CO
LIBRARY - SCBI UNIV OF WASS AMHERST MAS$
H — --— aa^
ALS SE 01003
-^ BIBECTflBY (DP cranliepry growers -^
Complete Line of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Helicopter Application
By "Whitey" of Plymouth
Copters, Inc.
HARRY T. FISHER, JR.
Agric. Chemical Representative
Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity - l(ey to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it Is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUINPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
^ »Sr^S»S»^S»vr<S».»<S»^.»^^^.#N»^#'»»»»»^#«» J
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The [
CHARLES W.HARRIS^ Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
THERMOMETER GETS 'COOLED'
The heat even got to the therm- ometer at the weather station at the Coastal Washington Research and Extension Unit on July 3.
Personnel at the station reported a temperature of 87 at noon, only to find an 83 at about 1 :30 P.M.
Only then was it realized that the weather box had its own auto- matic cooler system.
The weather box has been sitting in the middle of a cranberry bog at the station, and extension personnel had rigged the sprinkler system so that it would automatically start watering the bogs when tempera- tures in the air reached 85 degrees. The box sits low enough to get wet.
Station personnel said a weather station would be established immed- iately in an area not affected by the sprinkler.
The sprinkler system has been in operation for about 10 years, but is not thought to have affected the weather reports often because of
the relatively few times the therm- ometer has even reached 85 degrees on the peninsula.
The temperature at Astoria re- ported by the National Weather Service was 89.
BRATENG APPOINTED TO NATIONAL UNIT
Norman I. Brateng of Long Beach, Washington has been named to the Cranberry Marketing Com- mittee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The USDA's Agricultural Mar- keting Service said the committee administers the federal marketing agreement and order for cranberries grown in Massachusetts, Rhode Is- land, Connecticut, New Jersey, Wis- consin, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Oregon and Washington.
One of the committee's main functions is to investigate supply and demand conditions and recom- mend to the Secretary of Agricul- ture the total quantity of cranberries which may be handled in normal marketing channels.
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Call us, and we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
IVIill location Route 44, Middleboro-Carver Town Line.
WUlard A. Rhodes President
MAIN OFFICE 947-1503 Off. Hours 8:30 A.M. - 2:30 P.M.
SYNFLEX "1000" SPRAY HOSE FROM SAMUEL MOORE
Synflex "1000" spray hose, new from Samuel Moore and Company, is designed for general purpose ap- plications at higher working and burst pressures (working: 1000 psi; burst; 4000 psi).
Available in 300 ft. lengths, the green-colored hose is 3/4 in. LD. and has a minimum bend radius of 7 ins. It remains flexible at temperatures ranging from 0°F to 130°F.
Synflex "1000" spray hose has been tested for compatibility with
Continued on Page 20
|
FOR SALE |
|
|
800 Picking Boxes @30^ |
$240. |
|
Bailey Separator with Blower & Engine |
100. |
|
U-9 Int. Har. Power Unit V Pulleys & Belts |
700. |
|
Carlson 16' 1-man Bridge |
60. |
|
Fairbanks Platform Scales 25. Tel. 617-477-1247 |
< "»»^»**»*»##^»»»#^^
WISCONSIN
SUMMER
MEETING
The summer cranberry field day is scheduled for August 17, 1972 at the Jacob Searles Cranberry Co., Rt. 3, Wisconsin Rap- ids, 54494 (Don Duckart). More complete program details will be announced later.
y^^e/wumt'
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
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• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE
IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES
• NO WRENCHES
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4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING
• ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES
• HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS
COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
S Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Chester Cross and his wife, Shirley, returned from a five-week trip to Nepal on June 7. One of his "irst observations was, "How for- tunate we are to be able to take our drinking water for granted; just turn I faucet and there it is, fresh and inpoUuted, not needing to be boiled )efore drinking." Chet lost 23 jounds on the trip-guess the yak nilk didn't agree with him.
Dr. Robert Yaklich has left the Nation to begin work for the U.S. ).A. in BeltsvUle, Md. He will be vorking on some phase of herbicide esearch. Bob worked for Dr. Devlin •n herbicide uptake by plants for bout two years. We wish him well 1 his new job.
Prof. Stan Norton attended the nnual meeting of the American ociety of Ag. Engineers in Hot prings, Arkansas from June 24 to uly 3.
Frost
There were a total of eight warn- igs released during the spring of 972. This compares with 10 in 971, 16 in 1970, 25 in 1969 and 1 in 1968. Frost damage is gen- rally considered to be on the heavy de, probably 10 percent or more, his is the greatest frost loss since 961. The night of May 25-26 was le damaging one with temperatures Jnerally between 19 to 28 degrees id getting down soon after dark; owever, the night of June 1 1 gave
a range of from 23 to 30 degrees hich is unusual for so* late in the )ring; very little damage from this awever. We are again indebted to le weather observers, telephone stributors, radio stations and the
U.S. Weather Bureau personnel for the important part they play in this service which is sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Asso- ciation.
Annual Meeting
The 85 th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Asso- ciation will be held on Tuesday, August 22 at the Cranberry Station, beginning at 10 A.M. The program is complete at this time and will in- clude equipment and machinery dis- plays and exhibits, a guided tour of the State Bog and the various re- search plots and a chicken barbeque at lunch. After lunch there will be a business meeting, committee re- ports, a guest speaker and the crop forecast by Mr. Byron S. Peterson of the Crop Reporting Service.
Weather
June followed the pattern of our spring months and was cool and wet. The temperature averaged one degree a day below normal. Maxi- mum temperature was 81° on the 29th and minimum 40° on the 12th. Warmer than average days occurred on the 21st and 28-29th. Cooler than average days were the 1st, 10-1 1th and 17-19th.
Rainfall was very heavy, totalling 8.83 inches. This is over S^h inches above normal for the month. There were 16 days with measurable pre- cipitation with the largest storm dropping 2.32 inches on the 19th. Even with all this rain, we did not set a record. This was the second
Continued on Next Page
^r5c=«ncaEicac3r5Ea&ciricsEiriEicacaEacscacacacica^
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
3
wettest, the record being 9,65 inches in June, 1938. We are now 10 1/3 inches above normal for the first half of 1972 and 12 3/4 inches ahead of 1971 for the same period.
Crop Prospects
From reports and observations it appears that the bloom is spotty this year. While there are sections or even entire bogs with a heavy bloom, the bulk of the bogs appear to have only a top bloom or in cases of severe frost injury or water damage, none at all. Winterkill in- jury does not seem to be a factor this year, generally light and of a windburn nature. Oxygen deficiency injury is more prevalent than for several years and has hurt some bogs badly. The bad frost on May 25-26 mentioned earlier has taken a big bite of the potential crop and the excessive rains in late June caused some flooding which has resulted in water damage. Bees are working hard and the flowers are setting fairly well even though the weather during blossoming hasn't been as good as the past few years. It would appear that our crop will not match
either 1971 or 1970, possibly the size of the 1969 crop or a little better.
We want to urge growers to co- operate with the New England Crop Reporting Service and send their crop estimates in August to Mr. B. S. Peterson. A large number of re- ports makes a more accurate esti- mate possible and adds to the value of this service.
Insects and Weeds
The first fruitworm moth was caught in Prof. Tomlinson's black light trap on the evening of June 7 which is one day earlier than 1971 and two days earlier than 1970. Moth flights have been slow to reach peak proportions due to cool night time temperatures which means late egg laying again tliis year.
Girdler moths have been flying in large numbers and this means trouble later in the summer. Bill Tomlinson advises that the diazinon treatjnents listed on the Insect Con- trol Chart give good control of the girdler worms. The granular formu- lation is better than the liquid or
wettable powder. This treatment should be applied about July 20 or shortly after when most of the bloom is gone.
Bogs infected with fairy ring disease will show the effects to a greater extent when the bog is dry. Affected areas should be fertilized and kept moist to minimize the damage and then treated with fer- bam after haryest as recommended on the Insect and Disease Control Chart.
Dalapon may be used until the end of July for treating ditch weeds or poverty and switch grasses on shores. Shores and dikes may be sprayed with a solution of silvex and water to control broad leaved weeds; this is especially good on poison ivy. Salt solution, one pound of salt to a gallon of water apphed^ as a fine spray at not over 200 gal-. Ions per acre, wUl burn off wild! bean and other tender weeds. Sul- fate of ammonia or nitrate of soda! at about 3 to 4 pounds per squarei rod applied to patches of haircap moss will burn it and give weak' vines in these spots a real boost. '
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Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
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DOUGLAS R. BEATON
2536 Cranberry Highway
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
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NEW JERSEY
Blueberry fruitworm adults an now on the wing in blueberry fields Malathion is the only material t< use. This material should be apphec every 10 days at the rate recom mended on the label. A spreade sticker will make the spray mor effective.
Phil Marucci reports that weathe has been very favorable for th cranberry rot disease. Growers ar reminded to spray every 10-14 day to control this disease.
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issue of July 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 3
^uest Editorial
PLEA FOR HELP
Last year, the war in East Pakistan made headlines |cross the world. The nine-month war . . . with its
million dead, 10 million refugees, 20 million dis- upted ... is now over. The new government of jiangladesh is trying to build from ashes.
I'm not a person who gets involved in causes easily, t'rankly, I usually avoid them. But the plight of this ■iral, farming country has hooked me.
Although the headlines aren't there anymore, the
ruggle for life in Bangladesh continues. The entire jDuntry is destroyed. Leaders were executed by the i'est Pakistan army. A UNESCO official has told me liat if the current national relief program beginning
the U.S. is successful, only 500,000 people will die
Bangladesh! Mostly children.
The Emergency Relief Fund, Inc. is trying to do )mething about the problem through a people-to- 3ople campaign. It is through accident that I became volved in the ERF, but it is through conviction that am part of the Airlift of Understanding.
Anything you can do will help . . . please send mds to Emergency Relief Fund, Inc., Box 1776, lashington, D. C. 20013.
Dayton Matlick, Editor of the Michigan Farmer
THE NEW "LOGO"
Please note tfie new identifying logo in the upper right hand corner of this page and on the cover. It was designed by "Cranberries" budding artist, the 10-year-old son of the pubhsher.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Stat ton Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experinnent Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entonnology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquiile, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is pubhshed once a month by Pilgrim PubUshers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; aU other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
legislator's tour
of Massachusetts agriculture
On May 1 1 the Massachusetts De- partment of Agriculture conducted their annual "Legislator's Tour" on which numerous Massachusetts leg- islators left the State House by bus at 1 P.M. During the afternoon the group made the following stops:
Phillips Tree Farm, Rte. 106, King- ston—forestry— pine-growing for the lumber industry . . . plus 17 acres of cranberry bogs.
Halifax Gardens, Inc., Rte. 36, Hal- ifax—wholesale flower-growing, fea- turing roses, carnations and potted plants.
White's Farm Dairy, Middle Rd., Acushnet— showing how some of the Commonwealth's $49 million of dairy products is produced.
Little Sunswick Farm, Horseneck Rd., So. Westport-a modern horse breeding farm . . . this owned by Bayard Tuckerman, Jr., legendary breeder of thoroughbreds.
Last year some 60 members of the General Court came o»t to see what was happening in agriculture in Massachusetts. Many were sur- prised . . . and pleased.
There are fewer farms and farm- ers in Massachusetts every year, but our agri-business keeps growing. An expanding population reduces our growing space even while it increases demand . . . and the results are higher yields per acre and per hour than ever before.
Agriculture is a 200-million-dol- lar business in the Bay State. As it grows, it modernizes. Vital crop re- search and training goes on at the College of Agriculture at Amherst, Waltham and Wareham. Some of the produce developed here have become the standards of the entire world. Seed royalties continue to help support our laboratories and
experiment stations.
I The program was sponsored by:( Massachusetts Flower Growers As4 sociation, Milk Promotion Services,' Inc., Massachusetts Fruit Growers Association, Inc., New England Vegl etable Growers Association, Bostoijl Flower Exchange, Inc., and Easternj States Exposition. I
Photos taken at Phillips Bog, Kingston by Bernard A. Marvin
'm.
Nathan Chandler GO, Mass. Commissioner of Agriculture discussing growing methods with Francis Phillips.
Dr. Robert Devlin, Francis Phillips
Nathan Chandler, Francis Phillips discussing problems with a group of legislators
Southeastern Massachusetts is the world's largest producer of cranber- ries, and it is also a major resort and recreation area. Each activity is heavily dependent upon the finite number of surface fresh-water sources available for the continued success of their respective industries, and both are concerned with the preservation of a clean and health- ful aquatic environment.
Recently, there has been growing concern over the quality of drainage waters from agricultural land into natural ponds and streams. In an ef- fort to answer these concerns with reproducible data, a study of 55 raw-water ponds and streams in Plymouth and Barnstable Counties was conducted to determine the specific effects of cranberry bog drainage on the water quahty of natural ponds, lakes and streams in the area.
Before the analytical results of this study are presented a few gen- eral considerations should be men- tioned. There are very few ponds left which have no nearby houses or housing developments, and it is
not known how many of the detec- table pollutants such as phosphates, nitrates or certain trace metals are attributable to the waste water dis- charges from housing cesspools, sep- tic tanks or leaching fields. We do not know what the natural back- ground level is for nitrates or phos- phates in the area. Other factors such as precipitation, temperature and the widespread natural occur- rence of bog iron could not be taken into consideration. If we present our data despite these uncertainties, it is only because the quantities now found are so small that variations of even 100% are no cause for concern.
Water samples were taken from 24 ponds and streams located in the drainage area of cranberry bogs. These samples were subjected to painstaking analyses and compared with similar analyses of samples from 31 ponds and streams con- taining no drainage from cranberry bogs. The resuhs are presented in Table 1.
These data show two important features. First of all, in corhparison with the criteria tentatively estab-
lished (by the U.S. Public Health Service) for surface water for public water supplies, the surface water in our area is currently of high quahty. Secondly, there appears to be no significant difference in quality in water with or without cranberry bog drainage.
For more detailed information, water samples from 14 different streams and ponds located in drain- age areas of cranberry bogs were analyzed in July, August and Sep- tember 1971. In most cases the samples were taken at distances ex- ceeding one-half mile from the drainage sites. Results are presented in Table 2.
Taking into consideration that precipitation, effluents from cess- pools and septic tanks, or direct discharges contribute to water pol- lution, the results presented here are very similar. This preliminary study indicates that cranberry production during recent decades has not changed the quality of the water bodies studied in this project.
|
Table 1 |
||||
|
Water qual |
ity of ponds and str |
earns located in |
Barnstable and |
Plymouth |
|
Counties. |
Comparison of water |
bodies receiving no bog drainage with 1 |
||
|
those rece |
iving bog drainage. |
For comparison |
surface water criteria 1 |
|
|
for public |
water supplies are |
given (first co |
umn). |
|
|
Permissible |
With |
Without |
||
|
Criteria |
Bog Drainage |
Bog Drainage |
In |
|
|
PH |
6.0 - 8.5 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
|
|
Conductanc |
B No limit est. |
97.0 |
125.0 |
mlcromhos |
|
Hardness^^ |
Narrative |
11.0 |
13.0 |
ppm |
|
Manganese |
0.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
ppm |
|
Copper |
1.0 |
C 0.01 |
: 0.01 |
ppm |
|
Zinc |
5.0 |
< 0.01 |
0.01 |
ppm |
|
Cadralum |
0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
ppm |
|
Nickel |
no limit est. |
<; 0.02 |
<0.02 |
ppm |
|
Magnesium |
no limit est. |
1.62 |
1.87 |
ppm |
|
Calcium |
no limit est. |
2.97 |
1.86 |
ppm |
|
Iron |
o.m |
0.37 |
0.05 |
ppm |
|
Phosphates |
Narrative |
0.05 |
^0.01 |
ppm |
|
Nitrate |
45.0 |
0.21 |
0.61 |
ppm |
|
Dicldrin |
0.017 ppm |
< 0.02 |
<0.02 |
PPb |
|
nOT |
0.042 ppm |
i 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
PPb |
|
1^ Calciu |
m and magnesiura |
I
|
Table 2 |
|||||
|
Water quail |
y data of ponds |
and streams |
ocated In drainage are |
as of |
|
|
cranberry bogs |
In Plymouth |
County. |
|||
|
Measured |
|||||
|
July |
August |
September |
in |
||
|
pH |
6.6 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
||
|
Conductance |
100.0 |
97.0 |
99.0 |
mlcromhos |
|
|
Hardness^) |
15.0 |
14.0 |
15.0 |
ppm |
|
|
Manganese |
X).05 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
ppm |
|
|
Copper |
< 0.01 |
0.02 |
<:o.oi |
ppm |
|
|
Zinc |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
ppm |
|
|
Cadmium |
<:o.oi |
. O.Ol |
^0.01 |
ppm |
|
|
Nickel |
<,0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
ppm |
|
|
Magnesium |
1.69 |
1.66 |
1.56 |
ppm |
|
|
Calcium |
3.50 |
2.90 |
3.40 |
ppm |
|
|
Iron |
0.55 |
0.43 |
0.34 |
ppm |
|
|
Phosphates |
0.09 |
0.08 |
0.02 |
ppm |
|
|
Nitrate |
< 0.20 |
< 0.20 |
< 0.20 |
ppm |
|
|
Dleldrln |
0.07 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
Ppb |
|
|
DDT |
< 0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
ppb |
|
|
1) calcium |
and |
magnesium |
DON'T SIZZLE
SIT AND SWIZZLE A CRANBERRY DRINI-
Besides being the most versatile of drinks, cranberry juice cocktail is also one of the most refreshing.
Pictured here are a half dozen ways to use this delicious beverage to satisfy any taste any time of day. The Cranapple Shake, for instance, would make a great out-of-hand dessert for a summer meal. Or, try Cranberry Sorbet for a refreshing way to start the day.
So, mix around with cranberry juice cocktail this summer -this friendly drink will make a happy marriage with other fruits, soda, ice cream, tea, or alcoholic beverages if you prefer something stronger.
CRANBERRY MINT SWIZZLE
(Serves 6)
Lemonade cubes
1 quart (4 cups) Ocean Spray cranberry
juice cocktail, chilled 1 pint lemon-lime soda, chilled 6 peppermint sticks
Pour your favorite lemonade into ice cube trays and freeze until hard. Mix cranberry juice cocktail and lemon-lime soda. Pour into glasses. Add lemonade cubes. Use peppermint sticks as stirrers.
CRANBERRY SORBET
(Serves 6)
4 cups (1 quart) Ocean Spray cranberry
juice cocktail, chilled I cantaloupe, peeled, seeded and diced 1/2 cup sugar 16 ice cubes Cubes of honeydew, watermelon or
cantaloupe for kabob
Place half of each ingredient in a blender. Whirl at top speed until smooth. Pour into glasses and garnish each glass with a kabob of cantaloupe, honeydew or water- melon cubes. Repeat with remaining in- gredients. Serve with a spoon and short straws.
JO
LOW CALORIE CRANBERRY SPARKLE
(Serves 6)
Low calorie cranberry rocks 3 cups low calorie Ocean Spray cran- berry juice cocktail, chilled 2 cups low calorie lemon soda, chilled 1 cup low calorie cherry soda, chilled Lemon slices
To prepare cranberry rocks, pour low calorie cranberry juice cocktail into ice cube trays. Freeze until hard. Unmold and store in plastic bags until needed. Combine cranberry juice, lemon and cherry sodas. Pour into tall glasses. Add cranberry rocks aind lemon slices.
CRANAPPLE FROSTED
(Serves 6)
4 cups (1 quart) Ocean Spray cranberry- apple drink, chilled
1 cup pineapple juice, chilled
1 pint lime sherbet
Pineapple spear and sprig of fresh mint, optional
Combine all ingredients and beat until smooth. Pour into tall glasses and serve with a pineapple spear and a sprig of fresh mint, if desired.
CRANAPPLE SHAKE
(Serves 6)
4 cups (1 quart) Ocean Spray cranberry- apple drink, chilled 1 quart strawberry ice cream 1 pint club soda or ginger ale, chilled Whipped cream, whole strawberries, optional
Beat cranberry-apple drink and ice cream , together until smooth. Pour into sodaj glasses. Slowly add club soda. Garnish | with whipped cream and whole straw.- berries if desired.
^^^
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MCCOLLY, MUh. State Univ.
and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho
553 pages, 6 X 9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the jlationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science, oth the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics re fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- iral Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ig Agricultural Products.. .Farm Structures and Conveniences , . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and /ater-conservation Engineering. . .Soil Erosion Control ... and lany other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
[ere is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting rigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since le publication of the first edition, research has shown that laximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper alance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant tiaracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents i this guide includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation ater, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources nd quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY WARREN ANDERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
'or research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, lis book provides detailed information on the diseases of jltivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America id in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- opicai fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- Lition, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the athogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference )urces are given. Diseases ar£ presented in the order of their riportance.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6 x 9, 171 illus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and mantial poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides — selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525 pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases t)riented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALKER, Univ. of H'is. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
11
JULY 19 4 7
Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Association meeting at Wisconsin Rapids June 1 7th, Pres- ident Henry Duckart appointed a committee to draw up a resolution to be presented to the State Con- servation Commission that the deer herd in Wisconsin should be made smaller by having a ''one-deer sea- son in that state. " Deer have be- come so large in numbers, discus- sion brought out, that a large number of persons including the cranberry growers, would like to see the deer population cut down.
Martin Kranick, son of Mr. and Mrs. L. M. Kranick, who has been employed with the U. S. Engineers on the Central Valley project at Antioch, California, has arrived home to resume construction of his cranberry bog south of Bandon. He has completed sanding his first acre which is now ready for planting.
A number of growers of Gray- land, Washington, have already left for a visit to Sweden. These in- clude Mr. and Mrs. Victor Lindgren, Mr. and Mrs. A. V. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Hendrickson. Ac- cording to Mr. Anderson they hope to hold a cranberry meeting in Stockholm about July 4th. The Andersons and Hendricksons went the whole distance by plane. They plan to return via Massachusetts about the end of August.
Summer meeting of the Blue- berry Growers' Association of Massachusetts was scheduled to be held at Massachusetts University, Amherst, July 16th. Individual cars were used for the trip for these growers from Southeastern Massa- chusetts, the meeting place being the Rotary Circle at Middleboro.
The more than 1100 sprinkler heads at the Cranguyma Farm, near Long Beach, Washington, were recently turned on for the inspec- tion of the owner, Guy C. Myers. Dr. J. Harold Clarke expressed him- self as especially pleased when an undiminished effect was sustained after one of the two big diesels operating the pump at 5,27k) gal- lons per minute was turned off, the other proving equal to doing the job.
There seems to be a split of opinion among growers as to whether Wisconsin is to have an average crop or one which will be below average. Many of the marshes look exceedingly good, and barring frost damage later and proper climatic conditions, there should be a fairly good crop produced in 1947.
In commenting upon the increase in membership, Director Isaac Har- rison of New Jersey spoke of the swing to NCA in that state. He said over half of the members of the Growers ' Cranberry Company would not support the selling of cranberries to independent packers. He said it was the younger growers who were contributing most to this "movement to our organization. "
Blueberry Bud Mite has occurred in serious proportions over most of the blueberry growing regions of New Jersey. No satisfactory con- trol has been developed for this pest. Weather and predators ap- parently keep it under control some years, but do not do so at other times such as this season.
Sixteen GIs in Bandon, Port Orford and North Bend of Oregon are interested in the establishment of a veterans' agricultural training school in cranberries, according to Jack Hansell, assistant county ag- ricultural agent of Coos County.
"Cranberry Center" is opening at Long Beach, Washington, to feature cranberries. Ocean Spray sauces, marmalade and juices, cran- berry sundaes and cranberry milk- shakes. The new shop is located in the NCA building. Long Beach is a summer resort as well as a cranberry center, as is Onset and Wareham in Massachusetts where the Ocean Spray products store is located on Route 28.
New England Cranberry Sales Company has a new member on its staff who is acting as contact and field man in Massachusetts, chiefly in the Barnstable County area. He is Ralph Thatcher, located at Hy- annis. Previously experienced in cranberry work, and especially in flume-building, he more recently spent five years in the Army, four of them in the Pacific area.
B. M. Lawrence
351 California St.
Harmless explosions. Automatic 2week timer. Non-electric. Burns clean
Dealerstiips Available
Warehouses —
S.F., Baltimore, Houston
& Co. '(415) 981-3650 San Francisco, Ca. 94104
12
fjD
■1 NEWS
0IIE60N
. -■- ->- ->- -•- -». ->- -*- -»- -»- -*- -*- -*. j>. ->- -*- .«- -•- -•- -•- -»- -»- -•- -•-
Kg's Ear Problem Remains
by David Keir County Extension Agent
Growers attending the field day leld late in May were able to see he vine shading problem that pig's jar or false lily-of-the-valley will ;ause. Where this weed establishes
good foothold in a bog it shades )ut vines and greatly reduces berry )roduction. But its worst feature is hat it is impossible to hand weed )r control with bog herbicides. As
result, pig's ear is developing into )ne of our worst weeds on the )ogs where it has become estab- ished.
There is little doubt that prompt ittention should be paid to con- rolling the spread of pig's ear when t has gotten a start in a bog. One vay to do this is to make sure the veed does not develop berries. If
s ear berries are allowed to nature, they can be spread to other >arts of the bog at harvest time. Another way to slow the spread of his weed is to keep the fohage lown in the spring. This measure lot only saps the strength of the mderground rhizomes but also gives ;ranberry vines a much better :hance to compete against the shad- ng out competition of the weed. Ii final note on pig's ear is that it laturally tends to yellow and die >ut by mid to late summer. How- ver, don't let this fool you into hinking that the die-out is perm- nent. Pig's ear always seems to ome back stronger than ever the lext year unless some attempts are nade to control its spread.
tee Inspector Here
Oregon state law in regard to 'ee colonies is such that anyone /ho owns or is in charge of active
hives within the state must register them with the Oregon Department of Agriculture. An application blank for this purpose is available from the County Extension Office in Coquille, and I would urge anyone who has not done so to register their bees as soon as possible. The minimum fee that must accompany an application for hive registration is one dollar, but this sum will also cover the registration of from one to six bee colonies. An additional fee of 15 cents per colony above a total of six is charged when more than this number are registered.
The major benefit arising from bee registration is that the State Department of Agriculture is then committed to inspect your hives at least once per year. This inspection can be vital to the health of each hive and to other bees in the area. Diseases such as foulbrood have the potential of wiping out large num- bers of bees, but an inspection wUl
greatly reduce the chances that a local disease epidemic can get started. Moreover, inspection will also give an indication of the health and strength of your bee colonies.
Ammonium Nitrogen Best for Cranberries
An interesting article in the March American Fruit Grower calls attention to recent research on ni- trogen use by cranberry vines. Four researchers working in Wisconsin studied nitrogen use by cranberry plants in order to determine whether the ammonium or the nitrate form of nitrogen is preferred. They found out this information by growing vines in nutrient solutions in a greenhouse and so developed some idea as to what types of nitrogen fertilizer are best for bogs.
Vines grown in solutions of the ammonium nitrogen grew much bet- ter than those grown in solutions of nitrate nitrogen. Plants treated with nitrate nitrogen were light green and grew about as fast as plants receiv- ing no nitrogen at all. In compari- son, plants grown with ammonium
Continued on Next Page
t
nitrogen had a dark green color and grew vigorously as long as the am- monium nitrogen was supplied in sufficient quantities to the nutrient solution.
The Wisconsin researchers con- cluded that the ammonium form of nitrogen is essential for cranberries and that the vines are not able to absorb nitrate nitrogen. Moreover, they could not find any trace of an enzyme commonly found in other plants which changes nitrate nitro- gen to ammonium nitrogen. So they also concluded that the cranberry plant could not use nitrate nitrogen even if it were absorbed. This char- acteristic of cranberries may help explain why the vines are native only to hi^y acid, wet soils since this soil condition greatly favors the presence of the ammonium form of nitrogen. Consequently, as the Wisconsin researchers suggest, cran- berry growers would do well to avoid use of the nitrate form of nitrogen in bog fertilizer programs and use the ammonium form or urea nitrogen instead.
(29 and 31 degrees), and some damage occurred on small proper- ties.
Total rainfall for 1972 (January through June) now stands at 25.91 inches, which is 5.35 inches more than normal. The wet, cool weather generated much trouble for blue- berry growers. Fungus disease in- fections have been acute on the early varieties and have caused con- siderable economic damage. Har- vesting by machinery has been hampered by the muddy fields, re- sulting in further losses.
At the end of June cranberry bogs drawn on the traditional May 10th date were about ten days to two weeks behind in their normal growth status for this period. Blos- soming had just started and the peak was not expected until after the 4th of July. It is now apparent that frost damage has been severe on several small properties where water was not available on May 26th and 27th.
NEW JERSEY
Unusually wet and cool weather prevailed throughout the month of June. There were seventeen rainy days with a total rainfall of 6'.48 inches, which is 2.76 above the normal.
The average temperature was 67.0° F, which is 3.8°below normal. It was the second coolest June in the forty-two year weather record- ing history at New Lisbon. The coolest June was in 1958 when the average was 66.8°. Maximum tem- peratures were below 80 on 17 days. Extremes in temperatures were 87 on the 16th and 37 on the 1 1th and 12th. Frosts were recorded on cran- berry bogs on the 11th and 12th
14
WASHINGTON
♦Oil I nmi**n-*'i**>*'H'
Field Day at the Coastal Wash- ington Research & Extension Unit June 24th brought about 175 grow- ers and their families. Research and Extension Faculty from Washington State University, Oregon State Uni- versity, and Agribusiness people and guests. The group included Oregon and British Columbia cranberry growers also.
The warming trend continued through May and June with the mean high for May 58.9° and June 61.5°. The high of 71° for June oc- curred on the 14th with a low of 39° on the 4th. The precipitation total of 1.47 inches brings the year total to 5 1 .63 inches. The greatest amount came on the 10th with .33 inches with 14 days of measurable
precipitation.
There will be a July issue of the Cranberry Vine, with the revised mailing list. Anyone neglecting to send the revision slip sent with the February issue will not receive further issues of this publication unless they notify the Coastal Wash- ington Research & Extension Unit, Long Beach, Washington 98631. Federal regulations require revision at least every two years.
♦4»*i'H'*****H-J*l'H"H-4'>*
NOVA SCOTIA
The mean temperature for June 1972 was 62.5° F which was consid- erably above the 50-year average of 59.6. Although we had a late spring, growth has now caught up to what we normally expect at this date. I looked at some of the bogs in the Aylesford area on July 12 and grow- ers are doing an excellent job in cutting and spraying weeds.
Recently we have revised our publication on lowbush blueberry production. We regret that a few copies were sent out before we de- tected an error. Figure 20 was in- tended to show a blueberry shoot infested with red-striped fireworm as shown in the -accompanying fig- ure. In a short time we will have the error corrected and bulletins will again be available.
Figure 20. Blueberry shoot infested wit red-striped fireworm.
Where Cranberries Grow
Visitors along Highway 101 in Oregon often notice bog-like areas surrounded by dikes. These bogs are for the growing of cranberries. The Fabulous Fifty Miles area and especially the Bandon area has more cranberries than any other place in Oregon and as such is nicknamed "the Cranberry Capital of Oregon."
PLYMOUTH COUNTY FARM BUREAU members are reminded that the date for their annual County meeting has been fixed. Monday, August 28, 1972 has been determined as the date for this session. Please mark the date on /our calendar. Details on time and place will be announced later.
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
BAY COLONY HELICOPTERS
PLYMOUTH AIRPORT PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EXPERIENCED APPLICATORS
MODERN EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR BOG NEEDS
FOR INFORMATION CALL AL BARUFALDI 746-2216
15
massachusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATIUN
This is a special newsletter de- voted entirely to the status of our campaign to gain an affirmative vote on the farmland assessment refer- endum next November. We've had many requests for information and we'll call this one the SOS Special.
Massachusetts Citizens to Save Open Space has been formed, incor- porated and duly registered with the Secretary of State of the Com- monwealth, John F. X. Davoren. Joseph W. Lund, Chairman of the Board of the R. M. Bradley Com- pany has consented to act as chair- man.
This SOS Citizens Committee consists of legislators, businessmen, conservationists, farmers and con- cerned citizens who are looking at the total question of open land in Massachusetts. It is important to the public that farmland assessment be considered as a part of the total effort toward better land use to pro- tect our productive resources and
preserve open space. This heads off any negative connotation to the concept of land use assessment be- ing a special interest proposition.
Representing Farm. Bureau on this committee are: President David Mann, First Vice-President Walter Lewis and Howard Whelan. Warren Colby is executive director of this group which also includes Governor Francis Sargent as honorary chair- man and Senate Speaker Kevin B. Harrington as well as House Speaker David W. Bartley as honorary vice- chairmen. Senator John Barrus of Goshen and Agriculture Commis- sioner Nathan B. Chandler are in- cluded in this prestigeous group.
This committee has met several times and has now made its first public announcement. It has deter- mined that there are two referenda on the ballot in November which deserve its support; Question #1 (Farmland Assessment) and Ques- tion #5 (Environmental Bill of
cranberry growers !!
For just $2.50 per acre plus the price of material applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungicides through your sprinkler system. Compare these features:
1 . No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined.
2. No waiting for fog to lift-I can work all night if necessary.
3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results.
4. All billing done in September.
I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this service.
CALL: BOB ALBERGHINI WAR EH AM, MASS. 295-9092
If no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop collect Plymouth 746-2734
Rights).
In its press release the SOS Com- mittee said it was taking positive action to guard against further shrinkage of open space land and that it felt that both Referenda #1 and #5 served this common purpose.
What does this mean? . . . simply that the people on the committee felt that by including #5 it could, in effect, widen the support to the passage of farmland assessment.
Farm Bureau people, conse- quently, are asked to work— and very hard- for passage of both refer- enda on the ballot. We feel sure you will find wider and more ready acceptance for the "Enviromnental Package."
What are we doing right now? A survey on consumer attitudes toward the concept of land use assessment is being made right now. Once we gain an insight on how urban people view the problem, we'll know where to place the emphasis. It's entirely possible we could be saying the wrong things and not realize it un- til too late. Hence, the survey.
And then . . .? We begin to pre- pare literature. Once we know what to say, we'll put it into words. We do know that much of the work will involve simply the education of city people. These people must be made aware of the problem, and must then be convinced that we have the most sensible solution to that prob- lem.
We plan to run pubUc service announcements on the subject of our disappearing farmland and open space. We want to place guests on radio talk shows to discuss our plan for positive action to preserve our natural scenic beauty.
We want to break big sometime in mid to late September with a veritable avalanche of effective talks,
Continued on Page 20
16
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 -Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries
465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 —New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1166 -New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 —Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 -Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 —New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a —History of Cranberry Industry In New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25
17
The following fungicides are recommended for use on Wisconsin cranberries to aid in the control of fungus fruit rot and leaf spots.
1. As sprays, apply folcid (Di- folatan 4 flowable) 39%, 3 qts. per acre; or maneb 80% WP, 6 pounds per acre; or Bordeaux mixture 18-18-300 per acre; or ferbam 76% WP, 9 pounds per acre; or folpet (Phaltan) 50% WP, 9 pounds per acre. As dusts, apply 40-50# 10% maneb ; or 7% fixed copper; or 7.6% ferbam.
2. Make three applications: the first in late bloom (July 10-15) and the others at 10-14 day inter- vals thereafter.
The major change in the fungi- cide recommendations is the use of Difolatan 4 flowable for disease protection control. Registration for the use of this material on cran- berries has just been announced.
The use label as approved reads as follows: "For control of cranberry fruit rots: 3 to 5 quarts Difolatan in 100 to 300 gallons spray per acre, depending upon size of plants. Apply at bloom and repeat at 10- to-14 day intervals for a total of 3 applications each year."
Please note that we have recom- mended only 3 quarts per acre, and have not specified the volume of spray to use per acre. Where con- ventional high pressure sprayers are used we suggest that, at least, 100 gallons of spray be applied per acre. When using concentrate spray- ers we suggest that a minimum of 10 gallons of spray be applied per acre. When applying the spray with aerial equipment we believe that better results will be obtained if a 10 gallon per acre volume of spray is used, and certainly the minimum would be 5 gallons per acre.
18
We know that some growers will want to apply their fungicide sprays through their irrigation systems. Considerable work must yet be done before applications through irrigation systems compare favorably with applications by conventional sprayers in efficiency and effective- ness. Regardless of how it is done, applications through irrigation sys- tems waste some of the spray chem- ical. Most growers probably have a copy of "Control Plant Diseases" No. 20, March 1967 titled, "Appli- cation of Fungicide Spray Materials Through Sprinkler Systems." There may be information in this leaflet that will be helpful to those who plan on using their irrigation equip- ment for applying fungicide sprays.
Dr. Boone, in his spray trials, has found Difolatan to be more effective in controlling cranberry fruit rots, particularly end rot, than any other fungicide tested so far. It also does not reduce the color of the fruit as does maneb.
Some persons are sensitive to Difolatan and develop an irritation of the skin upon contact with the chemical. Any person who en- counters this problem while hand- ling or contacting Difolatan during spray operations, etc., should im- mediately avoid all further exposure to the chemical.
r***
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ; LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
FUNGICIDES REGISTERED FOR USE ON CRANBERRIES
(WISCONSIN)
The chart below consists of those fungicides Hsted for use on cranberries by the USDA Summary of Registered Agricultural Pesticide Chemical Uses:
|
Residue tolerance |
Limitations |
Dosage limit |
|
|
Fungicide |
(parts/million) |
(days before harvest) |
(lbs. actual/acre) |
|
Captan |
25 |
0 days |
3.5 lbs. |
|
Copper: |
|||
|
Bordeaux mix |
exempt J |
Apply between July 20 and August 10 |
20.0 lbs. |
|
Fixed insoluble copper |
exempt- |
May be applied close to harvest |
1.4 lbs. |
|
Folcid (Difolatan) |
8 |
50 |
5.0 lbs. |
|
Dyrene |
10 |
14 |
3.0 lbs. |
|
Ferbam |
7 |
28 days after rrrid-bloom |
11.4 lbs. |
|
Folpet (Phaltan) |
25 |
30 |
9.0 lbs. |
|
Maneb3 |
7 |
28 days after mid-bloom |
7.5 lbs. |
|
Maneb |
7 |
30 |
4.8 lbs. |
|
Sulfur |
safe chemical |
none |
50.0 lbs. |
|
Zinc-ion maneb (Dithane |
|||
|
M-45, Manzate 200) |
7 |
30 |
4.8 lbs. |
|
Zineb |
7 |
Not after mid-bloom |
6.0 lbs. |
|
Ziram |
7 |
4 weeks after mid-bloom |
11.8 lbs. |
Most copper fungicides are exempt from the requirement of a tolerance when applied to growing crops
in accordance with good, agricultural practice.
Copper sulfate (Basic) is the only type of fixed, insoluble copper compound listed in the USDA Summary
of Registered Agricultural Pesticide Chemical Uses for use on cranberry.
Maneb 80% WP for spraying, such as Dithane M-22, ^■■■■^^^^■■^^^B
Dithane M-22 Special, Manzate, Manzate D.
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 |
|
|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The CrisafuUi Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
|
•WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
•WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
|
•AUXILIARY UNIT |
|
|
•HARVESTING |
|
|
The CrisafuUi is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
•WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
|
24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
|
per minute. |
obiru3iT^y
SUMNER G. BRADDOCK
Sumner Garfield Braddock, 83, of Plymouth St., No. Carver, Mass. a long time cranberry bog owner and grower, died recently at St. Luke's Hospital after a short illness.
He was born on June 1, 1889 in Carver, the son of the late Charles and Caroline F. (Ranson) Braddock. He was the husband of the late Mary D. (Fornier) Braddock who died in 1939.
Survivors include a daughter, Mrs. Frederick (Lorena D.) Layers of Middleboro; a son, Milton S. Braddock of North Carver; two grandchildren and four great-grand- children.
Services were held at a Middle- boro funeral home. The Rev. Nor- man B. Cawley of Plymouth, pastor emeritus of the North Carver First Congregational Church officiated. 19
MISCELLANEOUS
WISCONSIN
NOTES
Changeable weather occurred during the week of June 4. Mostly sunny and mild through the 8th, and sharply colder on the 9th and 10th as a large Arctic high pressure system moved southward over the State. Low temperatures on the 10th and 11th were mostly in the 30's in the morning hours, though some upper 20's were reported throughout the State. The 31 de- grees at Madison on the morning of the 10th was the coldest June temperature on record. Rainfall con- tinued light and some one inch totals were reported in extreme southwestern Wisconsin on the 9th. Warm humid, showery weather was the rule throughout the State until the 15 th. The rainfall was particu- larly heavy in the southeast. Bene- ficial rain fell in all sections, though not nearly enough in many areas. A strong, cold high pressure system again this week moved over the State bringing cool temperatures and low humidities on the weekend. Some very light frost was recorded in the north on the 17th, but tem- peratures generally remained 5 de- grees warmer than during the ex- treme cold of a week earlier. Mild, showery weather on the 19th gave way to mostly sunny and cool con- ditions with brisk northerly winds during the remaining days of the
week. The rainfall on the 19th was heaviest in the northwest where Danbury collected 4.7 inches. A few stations in the extreme south- east also received heavy rain in ex- cess of one inch, while a large area diagonally from southwestern to northeastern Wisconsin generally re- ceived less than a tenth of an inch. The cool and dry air which flowed southward across the State along the western fringes of tropical storm Agnes brought light frost to scat- tered areas on the 23rd.
SYNFLEX
Continued from Page 1
herbicides and pesticides. Com- pounds which may be applied suc- cessfully with the hose are air, water, chl6rdane,Tordon 155,Sevin and Captan. Several other com- pounds may be used to a limited degree. The hose is specifically not recommended for industrial hy- draulic applications.
Standard Samuel Moore Synflex 3903 series permanently attached couplings should be used with the hose.
For complete specifications, you may write: Synflex Division, Sam- uel Moore and Company, Mantua, Ohio 44255.
FARM BUREAU
Continued from Page 15
stories, posters, leatlets . . . ever> thing . . . geared to a single goal VOTE "YES" ON QUESTION #1!
And we're counting on you. W believe our real strength Ues in th quality of the farming people L Massachusetts. Farmers know ho\ to get the job done. This job be longs to the farmers, so we believ it will get done. And there you hav it. Any questions?
What should you be doing righ now? Now is the time for yo^ people on the firing line to be forrr ing county and town SOS team: Farm people, conservation commii sioners, sportsmen, assessors, plar ning boards, selectmen, church an civic groups should be represente on these teams. Town teams repoi to county teams which report t' SOS headquarters. We will provid brochures and other literature t counties who will provide th towns. Each county should hav speakers available and on call. A. must gather Usts of names of ind viduals and groups for mailings.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. tscanaba. Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich.
608-222-4151 414-435-6639
906-932-0222
If
INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
WANTED
Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows:
1936
SEP, NOV, DEC
1937
JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY
JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV
1938
MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG
1958
OCT
Some exchange copies available
PLEASE WRITE:
Dr. G. W. Eaton
Dept. of Plant Science
University of B. C.
Vancouver 8, Canada
iRVESTER COMTAN-r
20
% serving llie WISCONSIN groweps %
;ranberry vines
FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
^
^AGWAY
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
VVhen
Please .,^^,^^.^^^^.^^^^,,, You Ans>^^'
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE IVI-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts
) Ne\A/ Jersey
-'<^^<U^ \A/isconsin
Oregon
.^^ \A/ashington
Canada
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIOIMAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
CONGRESSMAN DELLENBACK (OREGON) MEETS WITH CRANBERRY GROWERS
[IS
PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY
NOV 5 1974
AUGUST 1972
ENTOMOLOGIST ATTACKS
CRANBERRY PESTS 6
RESEARCHER PROBES AGING ... 7
PRODUCTIONS WATER QUALITY. . 13
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EXTENSION OFFICE SAYS CRANBERRY MEN STILL NEED DDT FOR OCCASIONAL USE
Cranberry growers in the Wash- ington area will not usually be affected by the recent ban of DDT by the Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific County Extension Agent Azmi Shawa has reported.
But, he added, growers are likely to have serious problems occasion- ally if adequate substitutes for DDT are not found to control the cut worm and root weevil.
Shawa said that the use of DDT in this area has been "quite mini- mal" recently compared to use in the past. He said that he didn't know of any grower who had put any on his bogs yet this year.
But he said that DDT is still the only known way available to control the cut worm and root weevil.
"We are going to have some troubles if we find nothing to replace the DDT," Shawa said. "We don't use it every year. There is no continual appHcation. But when we need it, we need it."
Shawa said he has been told by Richard Maxwell, an assistant agricultural scientist in agricultural chemistry at Washington State Uni- versity, that growers should not count on using DDT again.
The Environmental Protection Agency announced an almost total ban on domestic use of DDT ef- fective December 31 of this year. The decision has been appealed.
The only exceptions to the ban were for public health purposes under the auspices of the Public Health Service, the Department of Agriculture, the military services and physicians; possible appeals for specific uses on sweet potatoes, green peppers and onions in storage; and products to be exported from the United States.
Continued on Page 16
LONDON FAMILIES ENJOY FRESH N. J. BLUEBERRIES
Fresh blueberries from a Ham- monton plantation were recently enjoyed by several London families and diners-out, following a sample air shipment of top quality berries to the English capital.
Fourteen 12-pint trays made the trip from harvest to destination in just 32 hours. The shipment was arranged by the New Jersey De- partment of Agriculture, which is attempting to find new markets for fresh fruits and vegetables from New Jersey. A few weeks ago, a sample shipment of lettuce was similarly sent to London. The let- tuce and blueberries sent abroad were the first overseas commercial shipments of fresh produce from the Garden State,
The blueberries were grown by Bertino Brothers of Hammonton. Immediately after harvest in the early morning, they were checked at the packing building by an in- spector from the South Jersey office of the Department of Agri- culture. Two of the trays were cooled and shipped in an insulated container; the remainder were shipped as a commercial lot.
Reports received from London indicated that they arrived in "very good" condition. The berries car- ried well, there was little or no bruising and their temperature on ar- rival was satisfactory. The importer of the blueberries distributed some to a chain of supermarkets in London.
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8 Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Cross, Dr. Devlin and the author attended a Weed Field Day held by the University of Connecti- cut on July 6. The meeting was held at the horticultural farm outside of Storrs. No cranberries, but some interesting plots on corn and other vegetable crops.
Dr. Bert Zuckerman and Marian Kisiel attended a meeting of the Society of Nematologists held at Raleigh, North Carolina from July 31 to August 5, Bert was chairman of one of the sections and presented a paper on aging in nematodes.
Weather
To some people July probably gave the impression of a hot month because many days were very humid, to others it may have felt on the cool side because of many foggy and wet periods. Actually the month was only 0.1 of a degree below normal. Maximum temperature was •89 degrees on both the 12th and 1 18th and these were the only days lall month that were above average. \ Minimum temperature was 49 de- grees on the 8th. Cooler than aver- age days occurred on the 1st, 3rd, 5th to 8th, 13th, 20th and 29th.
Precipitation was 3.71 inches which is about 0.8 inch above normal. There were 10 days with measurable precipitation. The largest storm was on the 1st with 1.12 ; inches. Our total for the year through July is slightly more than
II 1 inches above normal and nearly 14 inches ahead of 1971 for the same period. No drought injury this summer.
Harvest
As the work on production of the crop tapers off and the berries get too large for work on the bog, growers should take some time to plan for the harvest. Many months of hard work and worry have been put in to raise the berries and now everything depends on the care and planning of the harvest as to the condition of the berries when they are delivered to the shipper. Growers should do everything in their power to deliver fruit in the best possible condition. (1) Now is the time to make sure that the picking machines, wheeling-off rigs, water reels, pumps and conveyors are in top running order for a smooth harvest opera- tion. (2) Wait for color, ripe berries
stand more frost. By waiting, berries will be larger and easier to pick and boxes and trucks also fill up faster. (3) Set the dry picking machines to pick no deeper in the vines than is necessary to get the berries. This avoids bruising. (4) Run both wet and dry harvest machines at a moderate pace. Racing scatters berries, areas may be skipped over and the vines are pulled un- necessarily which hurts next year's prospective crop. (5) For dry har- vest, pick when the vines and berries are dry and discontinue picking when the dampness of the late afternoon sets in. Picking when the vines are damp will increase bruising, put an unnecessary strain on the machines and damage the vines.
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ANNUAL MEETING
TUESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1972
Massachusetts Experiment Station
RAIN OR SHINE
—PROGRAM—
10 A. M. to Noon — Equipment Displays
Tours of State Bog Field Research Plots
12 Noon — Chicken Barbecue ($3.50 per person)
1 P. M. — Business Meeting
Committee Reports
Election of Officers
Station Commentaries: Dr. Chester E, Cross, Director Market Prospects for 1972
Guest Speaker: Dr. G. T. Fisher, Entomologist, from the University of New Hampshire, who will speak on "Insecticides and Pests".
1972 Crop Release : Byron S. Peterson, Agricultural Statistician,
USDA, Boston
CAPE COD CRANBERRY GROWERS' ASSOCIATION
Ruth E. Beaton, Secretary
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issue of August 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 4
NEW PRODUCTS OFTEN SPAWN NEW PROBLEMS
Here in America where the old slogan for "a car in every garage" is already an understatement, it has for a much longer time been true that every kid grew up with a bike. It's still true with one little change . . . a motor has been added to a lot of bikes.
As with every good thing that ever comes along, though, there are some who forget that responsibilities go along with pleasures. Because these bikes will go almost anywhere, they are ridden up and down hills that wouldn't be traveled much otherwise. The result is the development of trails down slopes which, following a few rains, become gullies. We're appalled at the washes and gullies we've seen in our area started, innocently enough, by kids riding up and down these hills with or without knowledge or permission of the owners. Our reaction to their junkets around cranberry bogs and across crop fields is exactly what you would expect!
Maybe these folks will need to get together and police themselves as the snowmobilers have done.
PICTURED ON THE FRONT COVER is Congressman Dellenback (second from left) of Oregon talking with (from left) Wayne Scherer, Ocean Spray Plant Manager William T. Dufort and Jim Olson, Ocean Spray's Oregon director. Problems facing local cranberry growers were discussed during an impromptu meeting at Ocean Spray's Oregon plant. Photo courtesy of Western World.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
:RANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50«! per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Wareham entomologist attacks cranberry pests
By Muriel Rousseau
Courtesy Standard Times
New Bedford, Mass.
A microscope, vials and cotton plugs are an important part of the work of Prof. William E. Tomlin- son, entomologist at the University of Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- mental Station, East Wareham. His challenging work includes the search for new ways to control insect pests in cranberry bogs. His work is a twofold project.
"A good many insects are drawn to cranberry bogs," the professor said. He explained that since cran- berries are grown in unique low-lying areas surrounded by ditches, the environment is conducive to insects. He said, "Some insects, like the bees, are necessary for pollinating cranberry blossoms while others are considered pests and ways of con- trolling them are constantly being sought."
The professor helps to oversee beehives needed for good crops on 10 acres of bogs at the cranberry station. While part of his work includes encouraging bees in the insect world to pollinate cranberries, he also works at discouraging other kinds of insects from destroying them.
The search for control of insect
pests takes place in a laboratory to the rear of the cranberry station where the professor studies insects raised on a man-made diet and kept in unique rearing chambers. Weevils, fireworms and cutworms are a few of the varieties being studied. "Some insects are con- sidered helpful because they prey on other pests and help to keep the population down," Prof. Tomlinson explained.
Sprays have proved helpful in controlling insects which arrive at the bogs in two ways. They may fly in from another area or may origi- nate there, having survived the winter flooding. It's difficult to develop a spray which will affect all types of insect pests.
One type of insect attacks cran- berry bogs in the same way as the gypsy moth attacks certain trees. In an attempt to control this variety the professor is working on sex attractants to draw the pest away from cranberries.
During the month of July, when cranberries are in full bloom, bee- hives are brought to an area near the bogs so bees can poUinate the
PROF. WILLIAM E. TOMLINSON
cranberry blossoms. "Without bees there probably would be no cran- berries," Prof. Tomlinson said. After a few weeks the bees' work is done and they may be transported to places where there are follow-up crops.
Before being used in the cran- berry bogs, the bees may have been used in Maine on blueberry bushes and they may be transported to Florida for the winter months to be used on apples or another fruit.
If the hives are active the bees will swarm and do their jobs. But the weather affects how they will fly and the condition of the blossom determines if they will land. The results of the program can be seen in the fall with the advent of a good harvest.
Prof. Tomlinson was born in Newton and graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Tufts University, Boston. He re- ceived his master of science degree from the University of Massachu- setts and has been employed at the cranberry station for nearly 20 years. He lives at Sagamore Beach with his wife, and they are parents of seven children.
EAST WAREHAM RESEARCHER PROBES SECRETS OF AGING
By Muriel Bousseau
Courtesy Standard-Times
New Bedford, Mass.
What kind of changes take place in animal organs during aging? The answer to the probing question is being studied at the University of Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- mental Station, East Wareham, by three ambitious scientists working on a special nematode project.
One of the three is a talent from another country, Poland-born Marian J. Kisial, who is research associate on the project.
The scientist first came to the United States in 1969 on an ex- change program. He later returned for a study stay and has been involved ever since in challenging research on aging. "It's very exciting work," he commented. "It would be a remarkable thing if we could discover how to stop aging."
In Poland, Kisiel was a nema- tologist working on the ecology of nematology. Although his work here has to do with similar kinds of projects he said that it is altogether different in scope.
Used in the study are nematodes, minute wormlike creatures found in the soil.
"They have proved to be excel- lent models because they have well organized body systems and their life spans of five or six days gives us an opportunity to study many generations of the creatures," Kisiel said.
An important part of the sci- entist's work includes electron mi- croscopy, a method used to look inside of single cells. The interesting study also includes plan discussions, observation checks and culture studies.
So far it has been determined that at higher temperatures nema- todes have been short lived and have a shorter generation time. Some aged more rapidly at 27 degrees than at 17 degrees or at 22 degrees. Also discovered has been the fact that nematodes move more slowly as they age.
DR. M. J. KISIEL
Although the studies are im- portant and may reveal a better understanding of higher animals, Kisiel feels that scientific work is like other work in many respects. "Time is the element which makes it different. It takes longer to create ideas," he said.
Comparing the time it takes for a discovery and the time it takes to accomplish other things he said he has been building a 37-foot sailboat and can see more rapid progress on his sailboat than in the time- consuming scientific work.
Nevertheless, Kisiel is a patient person and handles his projects with a calm and steady hand. He is inspired by the thou^t that every discovery, no matter how small, is helping to push the whole project forward.
His rewards lie in the satisfaction of doing a good job and the knowl- edge of his work that he is able to pass on by means of the 15 to 18 papers that he has written which appear in different scientific peri- odicals.
Born in Poland, Kisiel graduated from the agricultural university at Szczecin, the biggest PoHsh port on the Baltic Sea. He studies five years to receive his Ph.D. in nematology. Although he likes to paint and do sculpturirtg he has devoted his Hfe to science and the contributions that he can make in that field.
Also working on the nematode project are Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman, head of the program, and Judy Epstein, assistant. Because he enjoys his work and loves the United States, Kisiel plans to become a citizen and make his home here.
7
i NEWS
OilEfiON
• W V V • • '• "4 * tI "1 V V "i" "1" "1" "A' T T ^ ^"*"1'
Bee Attractants
Two questions asked at the Washington cranberry field day re- veal general grower interest in the relatively unexplored area of bee attractants. A bee attractant would be any substance that attracts bees to the cranberry bloom and thus improves a hive's efficiency in help- ing berries to set.
One grower wondered if sugar sprayed on the bog at 10 pounds per acre would attract bees to the bloom. Dr. Shantz, entomologist from Washington State University, doubted strongly that such a sugar treatment would have much influ- ence on bee activity. Much more important, he stressed, are using enough bees to adequately pollinate a bog and placing their hives cor- rectly. He recommended the use of one hive per acre of bog and urged that hives be placed facing the east so the entrance is protected as much as possible from the wind.
Another grower wondered if Sorba Spray, a liquid fertilizer ap- plied with water as a leaf feed, might not also double as a bee attractant. Dr. Shantz knew of no good reason why this material would prove especially attractive to bees, but he also admitted that no ex- perimental work had been done to prove or disprove the bee attractant potential of Sorba Spray. The pos- sibility also exists that improved nutrition of the vines by leaf feeding leads to better set and thus appears to make bees more effective. In any event, no detrimental effect of Sorba Spray on bees is apparent when it is applied during bloom.
The upshot of the question and answer session on bee attractants was that there is no effective at- tractant that will keep bees con- fined to a given area. Bees naturally 8
are most effective within a radius of about 100 yards around their hives. So hive placement and pro- viding enough bees to do an ade- quate pollination job remain as the best ways for a cranberry grower to get the most effective use of his bees.
Twig Blight on Schedule Information from several sources indicates that the twig blight (Lophodermium) fungus becomes active about June 15 each year and remains so until late August or September. Last year this fungus sporulation time schedule did not hold up as fruiting body develop- ment was approximately a month late. This year, however, appears to be a normal year since development of the fungus is right on schedule.
Average fruiting body maturity of the Lophodermium fungus on six test bogs ranged between 0 and 10 percent from early May until mid-June. Then on June 12, average
maturity jumped to 15 percent. By June 21 it stood at 25 percent, and the June 26 samples gave about a 40 percent maturity reading. Thus, there seems little doubt that active sporulation of the twig blight fungus will be right on schedule this year with peak activity occurring during July and August.
While on the subject of twig blight it might be well to repeat a question here asked of Dr. Folke Johnson at the Washington plant pathologist responsible for bog di- sease control in that state. He wis asked why twig blight is showing up here now when it has been con- trolled in Washington. His answer was that proper timing of fungicide applications is the main factor in gaining control of the disease. Con- trol of the disease in Washington was set up to apply fungicides when the fruiting bodies are mature.
Continued on Next Page
iHii NEWS 11
Once this was done the disease was controlled. Evidently the lateness of maturity last year caused our twig blight problems this spring. But with a normal year now, every- thing should be under control for next year if bogs are protected during this critical sporulation period.
NEWJEiiSET
Hot, summer weather was a long time in coming in New Jersey this summer, but when it did, it arrived as one of the most intense heat waves ever experienced here. In nearby Philadelphia the first 90- degree day did not occur until July 14th, which is only three days earlier than the latest such day ever recorded, on July 17, 1915. At the New Lisbon Weather Station the first 90-degree day was on July 2nd and this was the latest occurrence in the forty-year history here.
The heat wave of ninety-degree days or over occurred for eleven straight days, from the 14th through the 24th. This was the second longest heat wave here. The previous record was thirteen days, from July 12th to July 24th, 1952.
Despite the intense heat wave the cooler weather prevailing before and after it brought the average temperature for the month down to 74.3, which is the norm for July.
The trend of rainy weather preva- lent throughout 1972 was reversed, A total of only 3.31 inches, or 1.14 inches below normal, made July the second month of the year to have less than normal precipitation. The accumulated total for the first seven months of the year now stands at 29.22 inches, which is still 4.2 1 inches above normal.
Cranberry blossoming was un- usually prolonged as a result of the
cool, late summer. Berries are slow to size up and as of the end of July the New Jersey cranberry crop looks smaller than the 1971 record crop. Some small growers suffered frost damage in May and had their potential crops reduced to less than one-half of last year. Larger growers have very good potential crops and if the abundant small berries size up they could come close to last year's high yields. However, the outlook for the state at this time is for a smaller crop than last year.
Specialist John Meade and County Agent Kensler spent a day checking chemical weed control, Thomas Darlington of J. J. White, Inc., Rt. 70, has some outstanding results with the use of morecran and dalapon. The new blues which he has developed are coming into full production quite rapidly.
NOTA SCOTIA
Cranberry Girdler Control
Be on the alert for Cranberry Girdler damage. The feeding of this insect is first suggested by browning of vines. The larvae hide in the duff during the day and are extremely difficult to find but girdling of the woody stems close to the ground and the sawdust-like droppings in- dicate its presence. Where these signs are evident, make spot treat- ments of diazinon. Use 25 pounds of 14% diazinon granular per acre or spray 6 pounds of 50% wettable powder diazinon per acre. The granular treatment is more effective.
WISCONSIN
The week of July 2 was very cool for early July. Scattered frost was reported from many northern areas early on the 4th while northeast
winds kept afternoon temperatures in the 60's across the State. Shower activity developed during the latter half of the week with some good rains over much of the State on the 6th and in the west on the 8th. Warmer and more humid weather returned as the period ended.
The week of the 9th brought the temperature nearer to mid- summer levels, while rainfall con- tinued spotty across the State. Locally heavy showers, along with some hail and wind damage, oc- curred in many northern and central areas around mid-week, in the south on the 14th and in the west on the 16th. Weekly rainfall totals in excess of four inches were reported from scattered points in Marathon, south- ern Dane, Waukesha, Milwaukee, Racine and Kenosha Counties.
Warm and humid weather was the rule during the latter half of the week of the 17th, especially over southern and eastern portions of the State. Rainfall was very heavy in the northwest and across the extreme northern counties where weekly totals of 3 to 6 inches were common. Rainfall elsewhere was mostly between 1 and 2 inches. Much of the rain in the north fell after the 20th, while southern areas received some good rains earlier in the week, A small tornado touched down at Lake Mills on the afternoon of the 20th,
Continued on Page 16
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FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
The Massachusetts Farm Bureau needs to know some specifics in the area of farmland taxation in Massachusetts. It helps tremen- dously in efforts to illustrate the seriousness of the land tax situation whenever they are able to quote actual, accurate figures on the in- crease in assessment of open (not house lot or building lot) land. They have some examples, but they are too few.
The open land tax bill of one Farm Bureau leader in Middlesex county went from $450 to $4500 in a single year! But, other examples are needed to talk about. If yours is worth noting, please share the in- formation with the Farm Bureau. They promise to withhold your name, if you so desire.
It is important to make the voters aware of the situation as it really is! Farmland assessment will happen if the public learns the full, accurate story. If you can contribute a part of the story, it will help all other farmers.
From Dr. Chet Cross at the Cranberry Experiment Station in Wareham comes news that the En- vironmental Protection Agency is considering a ban on all uses of aldrin/dieldrin on food crops ef- fective August 25, 1972. If you aren't familiar with these chemicals, you ought to know the cranberry growers in our state have no alterna- tive method to control cranberry grubs at this time. A ban on them would have the effect of putting most cranberry growers out of business. Hopefully, the EPA will recognize the danger, and act ac- cordingly.
Massachusetts Farm Bureau Fed- eration has written to EPA Secre- tary Ruckelshaus to protest the proposal to ban these chemicals. Executive Secretary Philip N. Good wrote in support of the letter which
JO
Dr. Cross has already forwarded to Washington.
Not far away is this year's Open House in Cranberryland.
John Chancier Laboratory at the U. Mass. Horticultural Research Center in Belchertown will be offi- cially dedicated during the annual summer meeting of the Mass. Fruit Growers Assn. John Chandler was a past President of MFBF and past President of the Fruit Growers Association. He was also an ex- officio Trustee of U. Mass. and at one time Commissioner of Agri- culture in Massachusetts. Farm Bureau delegates had passed a reso- lution asking that the buUding be rtamed in his honor.
Don't forget to let the Farm Bureau know if you're planning to attend the American Farm Bureau meeting in Los Angeles in Decem- ber. If there is a large enough group.
plans can be made for an exciting side trip through colorful southern California . . . and at very low prices, too!
Big Tires-Little Prices are wait- ing for you at your county Safemark Tires dealer. This Farm Bureau service is available in Plymouth County by calling Middleboro Feed at 947-2017.
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DOUGLAS R. BEATON
2536 Cranberry Highway
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries
465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 -Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 —Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 —Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 — Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry In New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25
11
Cultivated cranberries from the United States are now growing in Finland, on a strictly experimental scale, according to a letter received by CRANBERRIES Magazine. The letter is from L. O. Ervi of Meche- linink, Helsinki Mr. Ervi is secre- tary of the Committee of Bogber- ries, the Culture fund of Finland.
Directors of the American Cran- berry Exchange were to meet at Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, this year, August 7th. This is the usual pre-harvest meeting, held in Massa- chusetts last year. Directors gath- ered in New York, August 5th, and, with the exception of two, took the train to Wisconsin in a group. The two attending otherwise were Homer L. Gibbs of West Wareham and George R. Briggs of Plymouth who flew to Milwaukee, reaching the Rapids from there.
The West Coast Advisory Com- mittee of NCA held a meeting at Bandon, Oregon, July 20, to sum- marize the season 's activities to that date and to plan for the rest of the year. An output increase to 150 barrels per day is to be ex- pected at the NCA cannery at Co- quille. Completion of a cold storage unit to hold berries at the plant for later canning is expected this year and a unit for freezing cranberries for the frozen food market is planned for installation next year, it is understood.
Down in Jersey there has been a "skeeter-meter" set up at Burling- ton to reliably estimate the effi- ciency of mosquito control. This machine, it is reported, is to meas- ure the number of 'skeeters, not by the number of bites suffered by Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Public, but by the nightly catch of the insects. The nightly catch was from 5 to 9 in a 12-hour period. A 12-hour "bag" of more than 42 was held to
AUGUST 1947
mean the pests were too numerous. Rural life is certainly becoming more and more scientific.
We were rather surprised to be informed recently that the word "National" in our title of "Cran- berries, the National Cranberry Magazine, " has led some to the belief there is an affiliation with National Cranberry Association. There is none, the word "National" has been used in the title since the magazine was first published in 1936.
Much interest has developed in New Jersey in mechanical "vine planters. " Several growers worked on designs of their own during the winter, and these were placed in operation, apparently with satis- factory results, this spring. "Plant- ing Vines by Mechanical Methods" was the subject of a discussion by a five-man panel at the annual con- vention of the American Cranberry Growers' Association at the bogs of Clayberger & Goodrich, near Atsion last August.
During the latter part of June, C. M. Chaney, ACE general mana- ger and Lester W. Haines, recently promoted to assistant sales mana- ger, visited the Bandon area of Southern Oregon. The "Easterners' enjoyed the trip to the Coast greatly and said the members of the Coos Co-op seemed very much pleased to be a part of ACE. Chaney estimated that the production of the Coos members would increase from three to five times within the next five years.
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12
CRANBERRY PRODUCTION AND WATER QUALITY
By
KARL H. DEUBERT
Assistant Professor
Agricultural Experiment Station
University of Massachusetts
East Wareham, Massachusetts
No Other environmental topic, except pesticides several years ago, has received so much attention as water quality recently. The govern- ment is spending a great deal of money to pinpoint water pollution problems, to clean up rivers, lakes, ponds, etc., and to develop new methods to dispose of wastes with- out contaminating water supplies. It is quite natural that environ- mentalists pick up water quality problems as issues for their drives to improve the environment. It is also quite natural that individual persons use different approaches reaching from research to emotion- alism, depending upon knowledge and temperaments.
Sometimes it is difficult to ex- i plain why certain problems become public issues, whereas others do not. Phosphates contained in house- hold detergents were the subject of : discussion for many months, whereas I residues of fuel oils are completely neglected. After the Federal Govern- iment recommended not to ban production and use of phosphate- containing detergents all discussions ceased. These things make one won- der about the real importance of these issues and their defenders.
As another case we would like I to mention mercury pollution. Pub- licity of mercury pollution has hurt, at least one time or the other, the national fishing industry. Re- ports abiDUt mercury in the environ- I ment are conflicting. In about 800 B.C. the mercury content of the air was about 82 per cent of the mercury present in 1724, and in I 1960 the mercury content of the air was about 19 per cent higher
than in 1724. (However, as of 1960 mercury contents of the air are rising.) Tuna caught between 1878 and 1909, as one study showed, contained about the same quantities of mercury as tuna caught only recently.
Conservation groups, in an effort to improve the quality of the en- vironment, are trying to introduce local legislation which may be im- possible to enforce. In one case, for example, it was proposed not to allow water with low pH to be introduced into water bodies, yet the pH of precipitation may be as low as 4, or even lower. Talks about endangered public water supplies increase the confusion, and nobody seems to know what the present situation is. Most confused are owners of industries which depend on the use of water on a small scale compared to big industries such as power plants, or the chemi- cal industry. The cranberry industry is such a "small scale" user of water, and therefore exposed to criticism which, in most cases, is unjustified.
Therefore, it appears necessary to study the relationship between cranberry production and water quality on the basis of available information, not on the basis of conjecture. It is hoped that this study will help to clarify the situa- tion.
Unfortunately, it will not help in cases where local authorities are suggesting standards which are im- possible to comply with. Such stand- ards are mostly based on theoretical values and before they are adopted, agencies such as the Environmental
Protection Agency or Division of Water Pollution Control should be consulted.
Bog owners are generally accused of polluting especially ponds by releasing flood water. This author, on several occasions, had the chance to interview persons who made those charges. When asked what was mearit by polluting ponds, answers were very vague (you know, pollu- tion, you know). In most cases pesticides were mentioned without knowledge of what was meant: insecticides, herbicides, or fungi- cides.
Pesticides
Pesticides have been the favorite target for many attacks by environ- mentalists. Inconsistencies in re- porting residue data were the reason for sometimes fantastic misinter- pretations. The author analyzed shellfish specimens several years ago for an agency and detected 0.05 ppm DDT in wet tissues. The agency gave shellfish from the same batch to another laboratory, and several days later he was told triumphantly that his data were wrong. Not 0.05 ppm but 1.6 ppm. What a differ- ence! No difference at all! The person forgot to read the reports carefully: 1.6 ppm relative to fat content. 0.05 ppm of a chemical in wet tissue is about the same as 1.6 ppm in fat, if the fat content of the wet tissue is about 3 per cent. A great number of residue data, when used to- back up claims, were re- ported without mentioning whether they referred to wet weight, dry weight, or fat content of the sample.
Facts, misinterpretations and ne- glect have created almost unbeliev- 13
able situations in which people became involved in deciding about the use of pesticides, who in many cases, were not at all familiar with agricultural problems and pesticides.
The cranberry industry has been accused of polluting the environ- ment with pesticides. Over the years we have accumulated data on this subject, and now we are able to comment on this issue.
With respect to dieldrin, there are data available showing that the chemical which reaches the ground, is adsorbed on soil particles within 12 to 24 hours. There are also enough data available indicating that leaching removes measurable amounts of dieldrin from soil only together with organic matter to which the chemical is adsorbed. Studies of water samples and bottom sediments from water bodies in drainage areas of cranberry bogs show that their dieldrin content is neither higher nor lower than in other parts of the country. It can be said that our most consistent source of dieldrin in Southeastern Massachusetts may be precipitation.
Parathion has caused only few local problems if applied according to recommendations. This surprising fact is based partly on the observa- tion that parathion is rapidly ad- sorbed on soil particles, so it "dis- appears" from the water within 24 to 48 hours. On the other hand, parathion breaks down rapidly ex- hibiting no residual effect like dieldrin. However, if parathion is sprayed on running water, fishkills downstream are almost inevitable.
Eutrophication
Cranberry production is often linked to eutrophication mostly be- cause of lack of information. Eutro- phication (derived from the Greek words "well" and "nourished") is the nutrient enrichment of water which frequently results in an array of typical changes, among which increased production of algae and other aquatic plants are found ob- jectionable and impair water use. Eutrophication is a natural process which occurs very slowly over dec- ades and centuries. What i^ generally
14
called autrophication by the public is an acceleration of the natural process by introducing plant nutri- ents into the water.
According to the law of limiting factors the plant nutrient present in the smallest amount determines the growth of a plant, no matter how many, and in what quantity, other nutrients are present. It is generally agreed that in the majority of cases phosphate is the nutrient naturally occurring in smallest quantities available to the plants. Therefore, increases in the phosphate content of water may stimulate plant or algal growth. There are other cases in which phosphate has no effect upon algal growth at all. Carbon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen have been suggested to accelerate eutro- phication. However, phosphate should be regarded as major cause.
It is difficult to pinpoint the sources of phosphate because in certain cases only small amounts may trigger a great deal of algal growth, in others larger amounts may have no effect.
The author has not seen a case in which eutrophication has oc- curred in the drainage areas of cranberry bogs. However, if this should occur, it is unlikely that phosphate from the bog triggered the event. This seems to be a paradox because bog soil contains relatively large quantities of phos- phorus (30-70 ppm). However, the water soluble orthophosphate (which can easily be translocated because of its solubility) is retained by iron and aluminum in which bog soils are especially rich. The water soluble phosphate which can be taken up by plants, forms water insoluble complexes with iron and aluminum compounds, thus becom- ing immovable and unavailable to plants. So, a fertilizer problem turns out to be a blessing in disguise.
To find out where the cranberry industry stands with respect to water pollution with phosphorus, a number of water samples from a drainage canal were analyzed. It has been suggested that less than 0.01 ppm phosphorus in lake water
limits algal growth, whereas pro- fuse growth has been observed in water containing more than 0.05 ppm phosphorus. Water samples taken from the drainage canal lead- ing water from the State Bog in East Wareham to Spectacle Pond contained on the average of 36 samples taken nine times at four locations 0.038 ppm phosphorus. The extremes were 0.11 ppm and less than 0.01 ppm. More detailed studies are in preparation.
These data, in conjunction with laboratory experiments and reports published in the literature, indicate that phosphates are removed from cranberry bogs only in minute quan- tities. However, as in the case of pesticides, accidental direct applica- tion to running water may cause problems.
Nitrate
Fertilization with synthetic fer- tilizers has been shown to contri- bute to the contamination of water with nitrates. Nitrate is not immo- bilized in the soil like phosphate, but moves freely with water in which it is dissolved. The amounts of nitrate fertilizer used in cranberry production are small, and the amounts of nitrate removed from cranberry bogs are expected to be low. Despite this, the water samples mentioned above were analyzed for nitrate. In all samples the levels were under 0.2 ppm nitrate, a level normally found in uncontaminated water bodies in the area.
We do not have enough data on other criteria. However, all presently available information indicates that chemicals applied properly to cran- berry bogs do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment.
CRANBERRIES the onl'
GROWER' magazine
SECOND BROOD OF FIREWORM ON WEST COAST
Hatch of second brood fire- worm has started and by the time this article appears should be fairly well advanced. Temperature seems to have the greatest influence on the egg development and hatching of this troublesome moth. For ex- ample, while hatching of the year's first brood may take from three to six weeks, the hatching period of the second brood of fireworms can be shortened to little more than a week by summer temperatures.
According to the pamphlet. Cran- berry Production in Washington, edited by Dr. Charles Doughty, the second brood of black-headed fire- worm starts to hatch in July. The peak of this hatch usually comes around July 20th. The second brood of fireworm grows much faster than the first and can do serious damage because the "worms" feed so heavily in such a comparatively short time. Where injury is severe the vines become brown as though scorched by fire. It is from this easily-seen damage that the name fireworm originates.
In light of the severe damage second brood fireworm can do, cranberry growers constantly check their bogs this time of year in order to locate any infestation of the insect. The present brood of fire- worm will feed on the developing berries and can seriously damage vine tips in just the area where next year's fruit buds are to be located. The immature fireworms are es- pecially attracted to runner ends and are often easiest to find there. There is no doubt that no matter where on the bog they are located, the black-headed fireworms present a serious threat to cranberry pro- duction.
AMENDMENT TO FEDERAL TAX LAWS AIDS MASS. RESIDENTS
The ill winds of tropical storm Agnes have blown some good to certain residents of Suffolk, Essex, SJorfolk and Plymouth counties.
William E. Williams, district director of the Internal Revenue Service in Massachusetts, said that a recent amendment to the Federal tax laws makes it possible for those who suffered storm damage last February, to file an amended 1971 income tax return and claim casualty losses.
"The recent amendment to assist victims of Hurricane Agnes will help those whose property was damaged by last winter's snowstorm and flooding on February 18, 1972. Suffolk, Essex, Norfolk and Plym- outh counties were declared disaster areas by President Nixon and, with this new amendment, the deadline for filing amended returns has been extended," Williams said.
The Federal tax official advised residents, if they haven't filed on these losses so far, to claim the casualty losses by sending in a Form 1040X. Corporations may fUe also by sending in Form 1 1 20X.
Williams also stated that the envelopes and amended returns should be marked "Flood Disaster"
and mailed to Internal Revenue. Service, P.O. Box 1500, Andover, Mass. 01810.
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15
CRANBERRY PRODUCTS, INC. SUES OCEAN SPRAY
A lawsuit charging violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act was filed in Federal court in Madison, Wisconsin, on July 27.
The suit, seeking treble damages for alleged monopolistic practices by Ocean Spray, Inc., was fUed by Cranberry Products, Inc., Eagle River, Wisconsin.
DIFOLATAN REGISTERED FOR CRANBERRY USE
Difolatan has now been registered for use on cranberries.
For control of fruit rots-3-5 qts. Difolatan per acre in 100-300 gallons of water per acre depending on size of plants. Apply at bloom and repeat at 10 to 14 day intervals for a total of 3 applications per year. Do not apply within 50 days of harvest.
Difolatan is a flowable product (liquid) and is available only in 5 gallon pails. Many may consider applying this through the sprinkler systems.
Difolatan is priced at $5.75 per
REGIONAL NEWS NOTES
Continued from Page 9
Cool weather moved into Wis- consin on the 24th and stayed most of the week. It was particularly chilly on the 26th, as an all-day rain covered much of the southern half of the State and afternoon temperatures in most areas barely got out of the 50-degree range. The weather did improve for the week end as strong sunshine and good drying conditions developed in many sections. Some shower ac- tivity did persist in the north on the 29th.
W&SBIN6T0N
A group of twenty-five young people and their advisors visited the Coastal Washington Research and Extension Unit July 7. These to-be freshmen in the Gig Harbor High School in September comprise the Mobile Education Tour spon- sored by the young people them- selves and various others interested. They make a complete bus tour of the state of Washington, visiting industry of many kinds, University campuses, and points of interest.
A record was set when the high of 92° for the previous 24 hours was recorded on the 4th. There have been several warm days bringing the mean high to 643". Growers
are finding it necessary to sprinkle more than the normal 4 hours per week for irrigation, with dry warm days and nights. The precipitation total of 2.50 inches occurred from the 8th to the 13th. All the re- maining days were very dry for this area and the water table in many places has dropped.
Fruit set, according to observa- tion of bogs in all Washington growing area, is very heavy. With good continued growing conditions and irrigation this year's crop should be very heavy.
DDT
Continued from Page 1
EPA Administrator William D. Ruckelshaus said that "the long- range risks of continued use on cotton and most other crops is unacceptable and outweighs any benefits."
Shawa said he is aware of some entomologists in the state working on acceptable substitutes for cran- berry growers.
"If we don't find something we will be in a bad spot," he said. "When we have a problem we want something we can depend on."
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows:
1936
SEP, NOV, DEC
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OCT
Some exchange copies available
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Dept. of Plant Science
University of B. C.
Vancouver 8, Canada
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A lot of people wouldn^t knov^ what these were if we didn't put an Ocean Spray label on them.
You know how most people buy cranberries these days? In cans and botdes and jars. Jellied and frozen and squeezed.
Many of them wouldn't recognize a whole, fresh cran- berry if they saw one.
So how do they know what to buy? They look for the Ocean Spray label.
To millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
They're buying more cranberry products than ever. Many they never heard of a couple of years ago.
But they know the name. And they know what it stands fon
You don't get a reputation like that overnight.
Ocean spray.
Massachusetts
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NEW JERSEY A^fNUAL SUMMER MEETING 1972
The annual summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held on August 3 1 . A morning session of talks took place at the Sweetwater Casino and following lunch a tour of the Rut- gers Research bogs was conducted.
Myron Flint, Jr., of the New Jer- sey Crop Reporting Service, gave the estimates for the 1972 cranberry crop. (These figures are shown else- where in this issue.)
Walter Fort, New Jersey Field Representative for the Marketing Order, spoke on the workings of the Marketing Order. The meeting to determine the set-aside for 1972 had not yet been held. The Marketing Order had estimated a national crop of 2.2 milUon barrels with the Wis- consin figure up considerably for the previous crop estimate. Cran- berries stored in freezers at this time were 185,000 barrels less than last year and there was an estimated need of 500,000 barrels for the "pipe line." -These figures suggested the possibility of a smaller set-aside than in 1971.
Phil Marucci spoke on the Frost Committee's experimentation with noon formulae for predicting cran- berry bog minimums. The Frost Committee, consisting of Isaiah Haines, Lou Grant, Earl Kershner and Eddie Budd, has been investi- gating a few new formulae for the past several years. The old Bliss formula has proven very useful and quite accurate over the past thirty years. However, the data in calcu- lating this formula is not taken until one-half hour after sunset and there is a need for more advanced warn- ing, especially by smaller growers. Results with two of the new form- ulae in the past five years have been very promising, with the accuracy equivalent to that of the BHss form- ula. (An article on this is being pre- pared for cranberries.)
Ed Lipman spoke of his exper- iences as President of the New Jer- sey State Board of Agriculture. The rapid urbanization in New Jersey is putting agriculture in a tenuous pos- ition. Recent legislation on mini- mum wage, pesticides and migrant labor has accentuated farm prob- lems. Lipman urged support of the
New Jersey Farm Bureau which is the farmer's most effective represen- tative in legislative matters. He also urged his succession to the board by another cranberry grower.
J. Garfield De Marco spoke on the Pinelands and the Pinelands Council. This Council has as its pur- pose the conservation of the natural resources of the region and preven- tion of misuse and pollution of the area. Cranberry growers were prom- inent in the passage of the act which estabUshes the Council and Mr. De Marco is the cranberry representa- tive to it. Threats to the Pinelands by various developers and industrial interests are now much in evidence and it is hoped that the Council can effectively avert them. De Marco also pointed out several examples of effective political action by cran- berry growers. Legislation to pre- vent acquisition of farmland by Green Acres an4 the purchase of cranberries by the government in school lunch programs are notable examples.
At the afternoon tour of the Rutgers Research bogs a demonstra- tion of the CrisafuUi Pump was con- Continued on Page 9
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Cranberry
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S Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Robert Devlin attended the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Physiologist and American Institute of Biological Sciences from August 27 to Sep- tember 1 held at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association was held at the Cranberry Station on August 22. The crowd was es- timated at about 250. Guest speaker was Dr. G. T. Fisher from the Uni- versity of New Hampshire. Dr. Fisher's subject was "Insecticides and Pests." Officers of the Associa- tion re-elected for the coming year were: Bob St. Jacques, President; Willard Rhodes, 1st Vice President and Ken Beaton, 2nd Vice-President. A new Secretary-Treasurer was elected— Irving Demoranville.
Mrs. Ruth Beaton who had served the organization for at least 20 years as Secretary and Secretary- Treasurer decided to decline the honor this year, making it neces- sary to find a replacement. How- ever, a person of her ability and devotion is impossible to replace. We, at the Cranberry Station, wish to express our sincere appreciation for her many years of service to the growers organization and frost warning service.
Weather
August was another in the series of cool spring and summer months, averaging 0.8 of a degree below normal. Minimum temperature was 86° on the 26th and minimum 48° on the 16th. Cooler than average
days occurred on the 2nd, 5th, 10-1 1th and 15- 16th. The only warmer than average day was the 26th, in fact there were only 1 1 days in the month with a shelter maximum above 80°.
This was the first drier than normal month since January with 3.28 inches of rain which is an inch below normal. There was measurable precipitation on only 6 days with the largest storm on the 3-4th totalling 1.28 inches. There was only 1/2 inch for the last 16 days of the month and bogs were show- ing a little dry weather injury. We are about 10 inches above normal for the year and nearly 15 inches ahead of 1971.
Research Note
The following is from Dr. Bert
Zuckerman ana should be of interest to all of us:
Researchers working to slow, stop or reverse the aging process of humans, have found a number of chemicals which increase the life- span of test animals. Among these is a chemical closely related to the dithiocarbamate fungicides— maneb, zinab and ferbam are examples. Using these findings as a lead, a program at the Cranberry Experi- ment Station is currently evaluating the effects of these fungicides on aging, using nematodes as the test animals. From the pubhcity angle alone— it would be fascinating to demonstrate that agricultural fungi- cides have a rejuvenating effect. All of our non-farm neighbors would
Continued on Page 6
:iriEacsE3CiCac=«acao(±vEnciE=vEaE3E3CiC3CSC3racicaca^
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
soon want more fungicide usage on food crops.
Crop Estimate
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service indicates Massa- chusetts with a prospective crop of 900,000 barrels which is 16 percent less than last year's record crop. Size looks good, quaUty is question- able but we should come close to the estimate. This would have or- dinarily been a very respectable crop but the last two years have spoiled us. For the other areas, New Jersey is estimated at 160,000 barrels about 33 percent less than last year, Wisconsin at 740,000 bar- rels about the same, Washington 150,000 barrels up 3 percent and Oregon 90,000 barrels up 33 per- cent over last year and another record. The national crop is esti- mated at 2,040,000 barrels-down
10 percent from the 1971 record crop.
Frost Warning Service
The frost warning service, spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association is in operation this fall. The telephone answering service continues to be extremely popular and very helpful. Weather information relating to frost is re- corded daily and any interested grower may telephone 295-2696 in the afternoon and evening for the latest reports. If you have not con- tributed to this service, it is still not too late to do so. Any contribution will be gratefully accepted. Send . your money to Mr. Irving Demoran- ville. Cranberry Expt. Station, East Wareham, Mass. 02538. There are 207 subscribers to the frost warning service and only slightly more than half this number or 121 contribu- ting to the answering service.
The following radio schedule also supplements the answering and re- lay services:
|
Dial |
|||||
|
Station |
Place |
AM. |
F.M. |
Afternoon i |
Evening |
|
WCOD |
Hyannis |
106.1 mg. |
2:00 |
9:00 |
|
|
WEEI |
Boston |
590 k. |
103.3 mg. |
2:00 |
9:00 |
|
WBZ |
Boston |
1030 k. |
92.9 mg. |
2:30 |
9:00 |
|
WPLM |
Plymouth |
1390 k. |
99.1 mg. |
2:30 |
9:30 |
|
WOCB |
W. Yarmouth |
1240 k. |
94.3 mg. |
3:00 |
9:30 |
|
WBSM |
New Bedford |
1420 k. |
97.3 mg. |
3:30 |
9:00 |
iB^giBS mawsiFi
Cuiaent €iHd S<^tUfr*HCtit ^.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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Fall Management
The following suggestions on fall management are offered for consid- eration: 1) it is an excellent practice where water is available, to flood bogs immediately after harvest. This gives the vines a good drink of water which helps revive them after the rough harvesting operation and al- lows broken vines and other harm- ful trash to be collected and dis- posed of. 2) thin or weak areas of vines on the bog which are easily seen during the picking operations should receive an application of fertilizer. This will strengthen the vines without promoting weed growth. The old bucket technique of walking the bogs and spreading the fertilizer by hand on areas that need it, is still a good practice. 3) Casoron, or any of our other ap- proved herbicides, should be used to clean up weedy areas. Allow the bog a week or ten days to recover from picking before applying any herbicide. Casoron should not be used until temperatures are cool- it is broken down and passes off into the air very quickly when tem- peratures are 60° or above and smal- ler amounts are lost at temperatures as low as 40°. 4) Girdler, which is becoming a very common pest, can be controlled by flooding for a 6-day period in late September, applying a coat of sand sometime before the start of the next growing season, or by the use of diazinon during the growing season. Root grub can be controlled by using dieldrin. For more specific recom- mendation on using these insecti- cides, consult your cranberry con- trol chart. 5) plan on treating areas infected with Fairy Ring using the ferbam recommendation on the in- sect control chart.
CRANBERRIES... the onl
GROWER magazine
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
ssue of September 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 5
ON PESTICIDE SAFETY
We wish to bring to growers' attention a straight- forward, easily understood fact sheet on pesticide safety for farm employees which has been pubUshed by the Chemicals-Pesticide Program, Cornell Univer- sity, under the direction of Dr. James E, Dewey.
The 10-page fact sheet is aimed at four groups: the employer, ALL workers, workers doing the spraying, and workers who enter treated areas. A limited number of single copies of this report are available from Dr. Dewey, Chemicals-Pesticide Pro- gram, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850.
CORRECTION
Last month's article featuring Dr. Marian J. Kisiel, contained an error relative to the name of Dr. Kisiel's assistant. The name Judy Epstein should have been Judy Lavimoniere.
ON THE COVER
The young ladies pictured on the cover are the Bandon, Oregon Cranberry Festival Princesses. Their umbrellas were presented to them by Metcalfe Insur- ance Agency.
Umbrellas are given to the cranberry court each year by Mrs. Joanne Metcalfe, and were part of the princesses' attire as they left Bandon to ride in the Jetty Jubilee parade in Port Orford.
Princesses (from left) are Michelle Goodbrod, Melissa Kistner, Diane Looney, Doreen Potterf and Colleen Donahue.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia
I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station
Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquiile, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Photo courtesy Bandon World
TUESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1972
Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham
By Win Cushman
"Trying to convince the people that we are feeding the world with a quality of food never before achieved is impossible because Car- son got there first."
The speaker was Dr. G. T. Fisher. The occasion was the 85th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association and the refer- ence was to Rachel Carson and her book, "Silent Spring."
A dynamic and entertaining speaker, Dr. Fisher was pointing out to the approximately 250 assembled cranberry growers and guests that agriculturists, and on this occasion, cranberry growers especially, must speak out and point up the quality of their products.
Also that over the last 35 years there has been developing a green revolution, or a cataclysmic revolu- tion in agriculture, which now is 6
being threatened by rulings which deprive the farmer of means of com- batting pests and diseases.
He asked the audience to com- pare the fruit product today with that grown 35 years ago, like the apple that when you bit into it in the earlier days, you discovered half a worm inside. He also bemoaned the fact that agriculture in this country is known for "silence," that it has been fat, dumb, and happy- but now it is not happy, because it can see what the future will bring if the grower is deprived of any more tools to combat pests.
The green revolution. Dr. Fisher said, came about through improved machinery, chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, etc., "but nobody knows about it. But everyone knows about the supposed harmful effects of using some of the above, because of
"the smasher," referring to Rachel Carson's book, "And Ecology Was Upon Us," Dr. Fisher said.
Miss Carson has brainwashed the people of this nation, he added. Her book reached a lot more persons than the U.S. Department of Ag- riculture is reaching in any of the states, Dr. Fisher said.
Despite conclusive tests that DDT has been ruled out as being as harmful as had been stated, it has been ruled out. "Next will be diel- drin and aldrin," Fisher said, "and pretty soon all you will have left to fight pests will be some lady bugs and praying mantises.
"But sooner or later the people are going to come to the realization that it is going to be, Man or mos- quito!"
The speaker cited the powerful
cipal reasons for the decline in Massachusetts and New Jersey was that although there was good bloom the prolonged rainy periods resulted in something less than a good set.
Dr. Chester E. Cross, director of the Cranberry Experiment Station of the University of Massachusetts, where the meeting was held, re- ported on the activities and devel- opments at the facility, and also had some pertinent remarks con- cerning the attitude of the ecologists and the public toward pesticides.
He said that the DDT kill is vastly overstated, that insecticides have been blamed for things they never caused, and that the alleged build-up of DDT in river estuaries and oceans is "a lot of bologna."
Dr. Cross said that new scientific testing equipment recently obtained
has made possible proof of the above assertions. He said that through data accumulation, "we have given good reason why we think environment is not being hurt by use of pesticides."
He said the tests made of 160 water areas in Southeastern Massa- chusetts; on Cape Cod and in Ply- mouth County shcJwed that there was less than 10 parts per trillion of DDT and the same with dieldrin, one of the pesticides used by cran- berry growers.
Reference was also made by Dr. Cross to the defoliation and damage being caused by the gypsy moth. He observed that when the areas were sprayed with DDT back in the 1940s, the moths were eliminated for many years-not just one year.
lobbying of such organizations as the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society, who seem to have unlim- ited funds, and possess a lot of power. What can we do about it?
It is time we got together in ag- riculture. It is time the Farm Bu- reau members stopped giving their information just to their own mem- bers. Our children are being edu- cated today in this environmental frenzy we are going through. These were some of the other statements made by Dr. Fisher.
"What can we do about it? The ecological groups are eating us up and the USDA is slowly but surely being taken apart. We have to tell the people what it takes to grow a string bean," Fisher said. "Some- body has got to get to them. We must talk to those people who come up with these unscientific views on agriculture.
"There is one thing that will do it," he added. "Already production is beginning to level off in various farm products because of the farmer and grower being deprived of means to control pests and disease, and what is going to happen is that food prices will skyrocket. And it is only when you hit the people in the pocketbook than can we expect some action in this fight to correctly inform the people."
The 1972 cranberry crop fore- cast, always a major point of inter- est at this annual meeting, is that the crop will be off approximately 10 percent nationwide, according to Byron S. Peterson, agricultural statistician of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who annually makes the first crop forecast at this partic- ular meeting.
The various growing areas are seen to be producing the following amounts this year: Massachusetts, 900,000 barrels, off 16 percent from last year; New Jersey, 160,000 barrels, off 32 percent; Wisconsin,
740,000 barrels, the same as in CRANBERRY GROWERS meeting at the Cranberry Experiment Statioi 1971; Oregon, 90,000 barrels, up ^^ *^^ University of Massachusetts in Wareham, had a look at the 33 percent and Washington, 150,000 *^*®s* machinery used in the industry. Russell A.Tnifant of Middle- barrels, up 3 percent. ^o""®' *®ft' ^d Dr. Chester E. Cross, director of the station, look
D , , J , , under the hood of a tractor,
Peterson observed that the prm-
[jD
1 NEWS
1.JH'*********** * * * ■!■ 'V***** -M**^
OREHON NEWJERSEY
Heat Still Berry Threat
The rain and cooler temperatures of mid-August shouldn't lull any cranberry growers into thinking that the danger of heat damage is over for this year. Growers remember only too well what happened in 1968. That year was also fairly warm and dry until August. Then it cooled off and rained during the middle part of the month. But on August 30 and 3 1 , temperatures on the bogs zoomed up into the high 90's causing considerable heat dam- age to berries and vines. As a direct result, the 1968 crop was reduced about 20 percent by loss of 'cooked' berries. And suspiciously, the next crop in 1969 had a high proportion of mis-shapen or catfaced berries; perhaps a partial result of heat stress on the vines in late August 1968.
Should bog temperatures reach over 80" F, heat injury is a definite hazard. The only safe-guard to pre- vent this injury is to sprinkle the bogs so that the vines are kept wet. Heat injury develops when weather conditions cause the leaves and ber- ries to lose moisture more rapidly than the roots can replace it. When this happens individual cranberry plant cells dry out and collapse causing their death and a resulting scalded condition of the berries. But if the vines are kept wet even by intermittent sprinkling, drying out of cranberry tissue is prevented because plant moisture loss is greatly reduced and the roots are able to keep up with the stress imposed by hot days. One thing the high berry loss in 1968 proved was that sprink- ling for heat is a wise practice for cranberry growers to follow.
♦♦<■♦♦♦<■ ■>♦**■> ■>'H"H"i'4'4'4'4'**i'
August was cool and dry with the emphasis on the dryness. For over a period of 31 days, from July 27th to August 27th, only two sprinkles totaling 0.15 inches of rain occurred. A very good rainfall of 2.58 inches fell on August 27 and 28 and alleviated the drought which was beginning to have a tel- ling effect on cranberries and other agricultural crops. The month's total of 2.73 inches is 2.03 inches below normal.
The dry period was one of the most severe ever experienced at the New Lisbon weather station in its forty-three year history. The driest calendar months have been 0.14 in June, 1949 and 0.18 in July, 1955.
Fortunately, it was preceded by four months of copious rainfall and this minimized its damage. From April through July the rainfall has totaled 18.91 inches, or about five inches above normal. The total for the first eight months of 1972 now stands at 31.95, which is still 2.08 above normal.
The average temperature for the month was 71.80, which is 1.5 de- grees cooler than normal. The 40° on August 1 1 and the 42" on August 15 were record lows for those dates. The cool nights in August helped to promote red coloration of cranber- ries which are far better colored than they were at this time last year. Early in September several nights close to freezing on cranberry bogs has further developed coloring and it was hoped that harvesting could get under way by September 10 to September 15. Water supply is adequate. In the main cranberry area, rivers and streams are swollen from the downpour on August 27 and 28. Earl Kershner reported
Continued on Page 19
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obiruARy
IRVING T. HENSHAW
Irving Tracy Henshaw, of Buz- zard's Bay, Mass., who was a teacher- principal in Newport, R. I. schools from 1912 to 1947, died July 23 in the Cape Cod Nursing Home in Buzzard's Bay. He was 87 years old.
Mr. Henshaw began his teaching career on Cape Cod in 1904. He came to Newport in 1912 to be teacher-principal of Potter School. In 1913, he became principal of Lenthal School, remaining there un- til 1941. In the latter years there he also was principal of Carey School. From 1941 to 1947 he was princi- pal of Sheffield and Coggeshall Schools.
Mr. Henshaw was a member of the Newport Historical Society and the Newport Discussion Club, the Bourne Methodist Church, the Bourne Community Chest and the Bourne Historical Society.
He had owned and maintained cranberry bogs since 1913 and was a member of Ocean Spray Cranberry Growers for many years.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Ruth M. Bradley Henshaw; two daugh- ters, Miss Pearl Bradley Henshaw and Miss Elinor Clara Henshaw of ^^ Buzzards Bay; and several nieces ^^ and nephews.
NEW JERSEY
SUMMER
MEETING
Continued from Page 1
ducted by Douglas Beaton, Cran- berry Growers Service, Wareham, Massachusetts. There were also dem- onstrations in research in insect control, nutrition, weed control, pollination, oxygen deficiency, cran- berry coloration and cranberry cul- ture.
Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Service
P.O. Box 429
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.
Phone 423-4871
W/scons/n Distributor
for Casoron® G-4 grariules
^z?
"^S
'^0
^/?
^y
H'.
CASORON
DICHLOBENIL WEED & GRASS KILLER
A Research Discovery of n.V. PHILIPS-DUPHAR U.S. Pat. No. 3,027,248
|
^ |
• ^ |
|
^^ ****** CASORON^^ |
: ^ : : CASORON^: |
|
: IS AVAILABLE IN • |
|
|
IS AVAILABLE IN |
: NEW JERSEY : |
|
MASSACHUSETTS |
\ from 2 |
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from |
PARKHURST : |
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R. F. MORSE & SON \ |
FARM SUPPLY • |
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USE CASORON NOW
AND NEXT SPRING A FEW THINGS
WONT BE REBORN.
March 21st is the first day of spring.
You can wait around till then to do your weeding. And hassle with it the rest of the season.
Or you can go out and buy CASORON now and use it now and wake up early that first spring morning and look out over your cranberries and know that you probably won't be having any of the hard-to-kill weeds and grasses CASORON kills, all season long.
To use CASORON may cost you a little more. But not to use it could cost you a lot more.
Forewarned is foreweeded.
Thompson-Hay ward Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110
CASORON
i^.
/
SEPTEMBER 1947
The official forecast of the size of the crop has been made, pick- ing was beginning as September started, and the selling price, as al- ways, became a principal topic. NCA announced a cut in the whole- sale price of Ocean Spray cranberry sauce, and other processors were reported to be making cuts also.
A new cranberry specialist has been named to assist Massachusetts growers in the solution of their problems as part of the Extension Service. J. Richard Beat tie, who has become widely and favorably known among the growers as Ply- mouth County Agent, specializing in cranberries, has been named to the position by R. A. VanMeter, acting president of University of Massachusetts. His appointment is effective as of October 1, and Mr. Beattie, Mrs. Beattie and two chil- dren plan to make their home in the general vicinity of the Exper- iment Station at East Wareham.
More than 300 attended the summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association August 28th at the bogs of William H. Reeves, Route 40, between Upton and Four-Mile State Colony traffic circle, New Jersey. This meeting was an innovation in that it was an exhibition of cranberry equipment.
Members of the Wisconsin Cran- berry Growers ' association heard visiting speakers discuss problems affecting their industry at the reg- ular summer meeting of the associa- tion in the Hotel Witter on Aug. 9.
It was with shocked regret that the Massachusetts cranberry indus- try learned of the death of Con- gressman Charles L. Gifford. Mr Gifford had been a cranberry grower, regular attendant at cran- berry meetings; many, many tirfies
12
a speaker at meetings of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association meetings, and a good friend of the industry.
The Field Day which was held in August at the Cranberry-Blue- berry Laboratory in Long Beach, Washington attracted more than 150 enthusiastic growers and their friends to the Experiment Station. D. J. Crowley, Superintendent of the station, explained some of the work which he is carrying on at the Laboratory and Dr. J. H. Clarke talked about the work be- ing done at Cranguyma Farms.
Airplane dusting with Piper Cubs has been tried out in Wiscon- sin on approximately 300 acres of marsh belonging to members of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, with 5 percent DDT dust being used. The insects which the growers were trying to control were blackheaded fireworm and the bluntnosed leafhopper. The second brood of fireworm proved serious on some of the marshes.
New England Cranberry Sales Company this year did its biggest job to date in fruitworm control for grower-members- in egg count and then in control-Frederick P. Hepburn, foreman of the Tremont packing house, asserting: "I have never before seen anything like this summer for requests for egg counts by the growers. " We took more than 500 samples, represent- ing at least 135 growers, and othe, counts were made at the bogs.
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Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
-Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries -Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts -Application of Granular Herbicides -Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries -Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington -Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin -New Cranberry Varieties for Processing -Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease -Cranberry Pollination -Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries -Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled -Telephone Frost Warning Device -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety -Cranberry Vine Injury -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries -Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects -Cranberry Pollination -Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin -Control of Fairy Rung Disease -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia -Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries -Sprinkler Frost Protection -Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
-Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
-Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964
-Washington Experiment Station
-Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
-Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
-New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
-Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
-Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
-New Jersey Research Center at Oswego
-Whitesbog, New Jersey
-Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
-Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
-Cranberry Growing in Washington
-New Direction in Harvesting Techniques
-New Variety in Nova Scotia
-Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration
-History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey
-ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25
13
CRANBERRY MEN VOTE TO POSTPONE DECISION ON 1972 SET-ASIDE QUOTA
The National Cranberry Market- ing Committee, meeting in Boston on September 7, voted to postpone a decision on what the set-aside quota will be for 1972.
Newly-elected chairman John C. Decas of Wareham said there was no indication, however, of when, or in- deed if, they would meet. "If we don't vote for or against a set-aside quota, it will be avoided by simple passage of time," he said.
The executive group, representing cranberry growers in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin and Oregon, approved an estimated harvest fig-
ure of 2,155,000 barrels, but mo- tions for an eight percent set-aside and no set-aside were defeated.
Those against the usual surplus set-aside argued that crop quality was down and that the set-aside would handicap meeting regular market demands.
In the past a percentage of the regular crop has been set aside for experiments and non-competitive markets.
The 11th annual meeting at the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel was also at- tended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture representative, George Dever.
Members of the Cranberry Marketing committee are shown at their annual meeting, held in the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel in Bos- ton. Seated are the officers of the committee, left to right, George C. P. Olsson, vice chairman; John C. Decas, chairman, and J. Garfield DeMarco, secretary-treasurer; standing, Charles Thompson, Jr., and Richard Indemuehle.
MANZANITA DISEASE COMPARISON
By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon
While sampling and checking lo- cal bogs, I have noticed native man- zanita plants in some locations tc be showing signs of plant disease problems. At least one of these diseases would be of interest tc cranberry growers. It involves the symptom of an abnormal shoot a- rising from the side of otherwise normal manzanita branches. This unusual shoot is swollen and bears enlarged, pinkish colored leaves. Diagnosis of the cause of this con- dition in manzanita by the Oregon State University Plant Clinic in Corvallis has shown an Exobasidium type of fungus to be the culprit.
To refresh your memory on cranberry diseases, the Exobasidium group of fungus organisms are the ones that cause red leaf spot and rose bloom in the vines. However, about two years ago, for the first time I noticed swollen shoots aris- ing from cranberry runners on two or three Bandon bogs. These shoots were a deep red color but showed basically the same condition as found on manzanita. And sure enough, identification of the fungus responsible for the similar disease symptoms on both plants now re- veals the same type of fungus to be the cause in each case.
The above shouldn't be too sur- prising when it is realized thai manzanita and the cranberry arf both members of the Ericaceae oi heath family of plants. What maj be of more interest to growers i: that the Exobasidium-caused swol len shoots in cranberry have beer explained as a secondary symptorr of the red leaf spot fungus. Yet red leaf spot is related to high nitro gen availability, overgrowth and ex- cess watering. These conditions are not found in locations where nativfi manzanita grows, yet the same swollen stem condition as is found on a few bogs is evident. Perhaps
Continued on Next Page
14
what I am finding on both cranberry and manzanita is a form of Exobas- idium-caused disease that does not follow the conditions necessary for red leaf spot development.
AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION iANDBOOK BY RAIN BIRD
The 10th edition of the Sprinkler rrigation Handbook, published by lain Bird is now available. Clearly vritten detailed information is dis- ;ussed on every aspect of agricul- ural irrigation using sprinklers. The iandbook is made up of 20 differ- !nt sections, covering System Lay- )ut, Permanent and Solid Set Sprinkler Systems, Economic Analy- ;is, and Evaporation Factors. The B-page Handbook is complete with eference charts and tables. Copies ire available by writing Rain Bird, Attn: Catalog Department, 7045 »Jorth Grand Avenue, Glendora, :alifornia 91740. 50^ each.
IN-LINE, SEMI-AUTOMATIC UNCASER INTRODUCED BY NEWCASTLE
Newcastle Company introduces an Uncasing Machine, tradename FLOUNC ASER for uncasing bottles from flap cases on high or low speed production lines.
, Newcastle Flouncaser is semi- automatic whereby the cases are placed onto infeed conveyor. The ;ases are squeezed, opening the outside flaps, and the bottles are owered gently onto the conveyor. The operator then removes the case rom Flouncaser.
The unique design of the Floun- aser allows adjustment for a wide ize range of cases and variable incasing speeds up to 35 C.P.M. Its elf-contained construction allows lor portability from line to line.
The introduction of the Floun- aser adds to the complete line of lewcastle Packaging Equipment, lanufacturing and sales headquar- ;rs are in New Castle, Pennsyl- ania 16105.
PARKING LOT pavement in front of Ocean Spray Cranberries Bandon Oregon warehouse is removed by contractor in preparation for laying new asphalt as plant readies for the beginning of picking season. Harvesting of the crop - expected to be the largest ever in this area - will begin sometime in October, according to plant manager William T. Dufort.
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15
DON'T WAIT FOR THE HOLIDAYS MAKE THE MOST OF CRANBERRIES NOW
Bouncy fresh cranberries begin to pour into local markets this month. Be ready for the lush, red harvest with recipes to make the most of them!
The dishes shown here make excellent eating right now. Or, get ahead of the game by mak- ing cranberry Christmas gifts for your favorite friends now while fresh cranberries are at peak color and flavor.
Freeze a quantity, too, for all your hoUday cooking as well as to use all year round. The cheery little red berries are a snap to freeze. Just pop the boxes or bags of berries, unopened, into the freezer. There is no need to wash them beforehand. Then, when you are ready to use, do not thaw. Just rinse the berries and use whole or chopped in any recipe calling for fresh cranberries.
CRANBERRY SHERBET
(Makes 1 quart sherbet)
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries
1 cup water
1/4 pound marshiKallows
1 cup unsweetened pineapple juice
2 tablespoons lemon juice 1/2 cup sugar
2 egg whites 1/8 teaspoon salt
Cook cranberries in water until skins pop; press through a sieve. Heat marshmal- iows in pineapple juice untU melted, combine with sieved cranberries, lemon juice and 1/4 cup sugar. Freeze in refrig- erator tray to a mush. Beat egg whites until stiff with remaining 1/4 cup sugar and salt. Fold in partially frozen cran- berry mixture and return to tray. Freeze until firm.
CRANBERRY MYSTERY SALAD
(Makes 12 servings)
1 cup sugar
1/2 cup cold water
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries or
1 can (16-ounce) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce
3 packages (3 ounces each) raspberry
flavor gelatin 11/4 cups boiling water 2 cans (16 ounce each) stewed tomatoes
4 dashes Tabasco (optional)
In large saucepan combine sugar and cold water and heat to boiling. Add cran- berries and cook quickly until berries have popped and the syrup is sUghtly thickened. Cool.
Dissolve gelatin in boiling water and im- mediately stir in tomatoes, breaking into chunks. Refrigerate until the consistency of unbeaten egg white; stir in the cran- berry sauce.
Pour into an oiled 2-quart ring mold. Cover and refrigerate overnight.
Serve, unmolded on a bed of mixed greens. Pass tart dressing or cottage cheese.
16
CRANBERRY MEDLEY
(Makes 8 servings)
4 cups cooked ham, diced
4 cups cooked yams, sliced
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries
2 cups mandarin oranges
1/2 cup packed brown sugar
1/4 cup maple syrup
1/2 cup water
1/2 cup dark seedless raisins
In 13" X 9" baking dish layer ham, yams, cranberries and oranges. In bowl combine remaining ingredients, pour over oranges. Bake covered, in moderate oven (35 OOF.) 30 minutes or until hot and bubbly.
CRANBERRY LEMON CONSERVE
(Makes about 3 pints)
2 cups sugar
1 cup orange juice
2 lemons, cut into paper thin slices,
seeds removed 1 package (1 pound) Ocean Spray fresh
or frozen cranberries In a saucepan mix sugar and orange juice and bring to a boil. Add lemons and simmer for 5 minutes or until peels are wilted. Add cranberries and simmer for 5 minutes or until cranberries are tender but still hold their shape. Let cranberries cool in syrup and then spoon into jars. Seal and store in refrigerator until ready to serve.
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MCCOLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the elationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Joth the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics ire fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- ural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ng Agricultural Products... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Vater-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . , . and lany other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
lere is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting rrigatibn in relation to other soil management practices. Since tie publication of the first edition, research has shown that laximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper alance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant haracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents i this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation ater, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources nd quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By harry warren anderson
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois
501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
or research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, lis book provides detailed information on the diseases of iltiyated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America id in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- opical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- ition, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the ithogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference urces are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their iportance.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins. formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6x9, 171 illus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds m agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides - selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of V the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatrnent. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALi^ER, Univ. of Wis. IQl pages, 6 X 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
17
massacnusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
Farm Bureau membership has just exceeded the 4200 member mark.
OSHA -Recent newspaper stories have reported that there has been a general relaxing of rules and reg- ulations relative to small farmers and their need for records, etc. While Congress has taken action towards this direction, a final bill has yet to be placed before the President for his approval. Until such time as statutory or regulatory exemptions are approved, farmers should still maintain the records required under the act.
Massachusetts farmers lose a ^■e^2C?- Senator Philip A. Quinn of Spencer passed away last week at the Mass. General Hospital after a long illness. Among his many hon- ors was a plaque from Worcester County Farm Bureau for his "out- standing service to agriculture." Be- hind the words lie the true feelings of farmers about Phil Quinn. He was our good friend. That says it all.
Only modest success is reported by county presidents to their letters asking for furids to support the work on the farmland assessment referendum. We are patient, and we realize this is not a good year for farmers in the state.
But . . . September is here-and much remains to be done. If we don't have the resources, we can't order the printing of brochures so vital to our efforts. Many people are working very hard toward pas- sage of this question. County organ- izations are working out a plan of action in cooperation with fhe Massachusetts Citizens to Save Open Space. 18
Farmers who carry pesticides on their trucks should be extremely careful to prevent the pesticides from falling off of a truck, and having some unsuspecting person pick the package up and place it in their car. Farmers must use caution at all times if they want to remain relatively free of government con- trol on the transportation and handling of pesticides.
Policy Development T/me-Ma- terial is now being prepared relative to issues facing farmers in 1973. Farm Bureau members are invited to contribute their thoughts relative to problems facing farmers for in- clusion into the policy development material. Farm Bureau members wishing to contribute their ideas should direct them to Secretary PhUip N. Good, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154.
Plymouth County Farm Bureau has aheady raised 50 percent of quota. Newly-elected county presi- dent Dan O'Connor asks where other counties stand in their efforts.
Effective September 1, 1972, Massachusetts becomes the 46th state in the nation to have a Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title Law. This new law will affect newly acquired vehicles after Sept. 1 with certain exceptions. A complete ex- planation of the new law will appear in the Sept. issue of Northeast Ag- riculture.
Three new Farm family agents have been added to the staff within the Massachusetts Farm Bureau serv- ice area. Francis Bingham now ' works out of the Southeast office while Thomas Kendall and Steven Hall are on the staff of the Norths east office.
*'Save Open Space" bumper strips are now available for use by people in support of Referenda Nos. 1 and 5. Set in colorful green and white, they can be obtained through the Citizens to Save Open Sapce, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154. Donations of $1 each will be gratefully accepted.
Cape Cod Farm Bureau mem- bers report a favorable reaction by voters who viewed their material on farmland assessment at the recent Barnstable Fair. MFBF President Dave Mann worked at the booth, as did county Pres. John Perry, along with several volunteers. All report that voters were favorably impressed with the proposed change in the Constitution.
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24
sin NEWS
Continued from Page 8
line inches of rain at his Coopera- ive Weather Bureau Station at 'hatsworth.
On July-drawn cranberry bogs, irmy worms are potentially a threat It this time of year. None have been )bserved yet but some scouting Jiould begin on the lush new growth )n these bogs. The worms feed at light but damage is easily seen es- )ecially along ditch banks. They are )rimarily grass feeders and when hey are present their feeding on prasses is easily observed.
Phil Marucci reports that the bat- le of the blueberry fruit worms is )ver for this year. We hope that you ^^ere very successful with the con- rol program. Late season activity )f red-banded and oblique-banded eafroUers, as well as leaf miners can till damage in late pickings. Be on he alert for these insects and apply [uthion where they are abundant.
Phil Marucci of the Cranberry md Blueberry Lab, New Lisbon, Idvises us that sharp-nosed leafhop- jers are active in blueberries. This s the pest that carries the stunt lisease. It is necessary that people inder the certification program pray to control this pest. Guthion tr malathion will do the job.
NOVA SCOTIA
My wife and I attended the 69th nnual meeting of the American ociety for Horticultural Science eld at St. Paul, Minnesota August 6-31. One of the highlights of the leetings was the tour to the Habel- lan bog at Millston, Wisconsin, eorge Klingbeil gave us a splendid in-down of the industry in Wis- )nsin and the owners answered any questions.
The weather was ideal for our cranberry tour which was held on September 13 in the Aylesford area. We first visited the Bezanson and the Chase bog where much interest was shown in the performance of cultivars Ben Lear and Stevens un- der Nova Scotia conditions. Later we visited Annapolis Valley Cran- berries operation at Millville, and here the discussion centered on weed control and crop prospects. Production should be in excess of the 1971 crop.
WASBINBTON
♦ •♦itimm I* !<■ ♦**♦■> ■>■><■
Dr. Charles Doughty and Azmi Shawa attended the American So- ciety for Horticultural Science Inter- national and National meeting held at the Hilton Hotel and University of Minnesota, St. Paul, from August 26-31. Dr. Doughty presided at one of the sections and presented a paper on Ultra-Violet Absorbance Changes Associated with Cold Re- sistance, Susceptibihty and Injury. Azmi presented a paper on Response of Cranberry Bogs to Sulfur-coated Urea: A Slow Releasing Nitrogen.
Mr. Shawa visited Wisconsin cran- berry areas with Dr. Donald Boone, University of Wisconsin Pathologist, August 24-26.
Dry weather continued in August with only six days showing precipi- tation. The total for the month was .42 of an inch, with the 17th show- ing the greatest amount of .25 of an inch.
The highest temperature of 88° occurred on the 8th with a low of 40° on the 31st. The mean high for the month was 67.0° and the mean low 49.87°. Weather readings are taken at 8:00 a.m. and the tempera- tures apply to the previous 24-hour period.
WISCONSIN
Cooler than normal weather con- tinued to be the rule across Wiscon- sin. The morning of August 4 was particularly cold with temperatures in the 30's or low 40's. Rainfall was heavy and in excess of 3 inches locally in southwestern Wisconsin and in the counties along the Illinois border during the week. The Missis- sippi River is running at record high levels for the month of August. Shower activity was widespread throughout the State again on Sun- day.
A cold front moved into the west-central area of the State on the 14th and spread rapidly south- ward, bringing heavy rain, hail and high winds. Hot, humid air again returned on the 16th, followed by more storms and heavy rain on the 18th and 19th. Temperatures mod- erated somewhat on the weekend but humidities remained high.
Showers and thunderstorms also brought more heavy rain to the State almost daily during the week of the 21st clearing finally on the 27th. The rainfall was particularly heavy over the south on the 25th and in the northeast on the 26th,
Continued on Next Page
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
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J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
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WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 19
with many 2 to 4 inch totals re- ported. Temperatures averaged a little warmer than normal early in the week, while cloudy and cool conditions prevailed later in the week.
BLUEBERRY FIELD DAY HELD IN OREGON
Production and marketing of blueberries in southwest Oregon were topics of major interest at a blueberry field day held in mid- August and sponsored by the Coos and Curry county extension offices. Stops made during the tour were at Misty Meadows blueberry stand at Dew Valley south of Bandon and at Jensen's blueberry farm in northern Curry County.
Blueberries seem well adapted to coastal growing conditions but considerable grower effort is needed to obtain profitable yields. Produc- tion practices stressed by Dr. Ralph Garren, extension small fruits spe- ialist from Oregon State University, were aimed at acquainting Coos and Curry county growers with growing methods used in other areas of the northwest.
Local growers, Charles Jensen of Denmark and Mike Keller of Ban- don, added their blueberry growing experiences in order to stress the conditions unique to southwest Ore- gon. Roland Groder, Oregon State University extension marketing spe- cialist from CorvaUis, explained guidelines for marketing fresh blue- berries and for handling crop sur- pluses held over in freezers.
For those who were unable to attend this tour, information on blueberries is available from the Curry county extension office in Gold Beach and the Coos county extension office in Coquille. Of special interest to potential growers would be a pamphlet titled "Oregon Blueberry Culture," available at either office. 20
LEONARD C. GETSINGER
Leonard C. Getsinger, 61, owner and operator of Lester Cranberry Co. in the town of Cranmoor, Wis- consin, died at St. Joseph's Hospital, Marshfield following a lingering ill- ness.
Mr. Getsinger was born Jan. 2, 1911 in Cranmoor, son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Getsinger, and married Laura Favell Nov. 4, 1933 at Win- ona, Minn. He served as school clerk and town supervisor in Cran- moor for several years. He was a member of the local musicians union and the inventor of the Getsinger Tooth Retractor .Cranberry Picker. He was a member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church.
Survivors include his wife; two sons, Richard, Cranmoor, and Vic- tor, Madison; three daughters, Mrs. Ralph Tritz, Pittsville;Mrs. Richard Schroeder, Wisconsin Rapids, and Mrs. Robert Passineau, Port Ed- wards, and 15 grandchildren.
WEST COAST CRANBERRY CROP APPEARS HEAVY
West coast cranberry growers are anticipating a bumper cro^ this fall, while a drop in production is pre- dicted for the East coast. J. Wilson Blair, manager of the Ocean Spray plant at Long Beach, Washington re- ports that the fruit set on the pen- insula was very heavy and growing conditions have been good so that prospects are excellent for a big crop.
The U.S. Department of Agricul- ture estimated the Washington pro- duction at 150,000 barrels, but Blair said the yield could run as high as 170,000 barrels. The federal estim- ate is three percent above last year. Oregon's production is expected to run at least 90,000 barrels, an in- crease of 31 percent.
The nation's crop is expected to drop from 2.6 million barrels in 1971 to 1.04 million this year. Massachusetts is due for a 16 per- cent drop to 900,000 barrels, and New Jersey may be down 32 per- cent.
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Cranberry Groovers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, MIDDLEBORO & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON
2536 Cranberry Highway
Wareham. Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
% serving llie WISCONSIN gpowers %
:ranberry vines
FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEARS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cianberty Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
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AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
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WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
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p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who donH know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
l'U-4<
^^4^^uU
Massachusetts
NeM/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
Cl>~— V\/ashingtan
Canada
CRANBERIilESA.y
THE NATIONAL CRANBf[^^V^A<^ZINE
VOL- 51
0'^ 72-
1972 CROP REPORT 6
NEW PRODUCTS 14
MASS. FARM BUREAU 18
LIBRARY SERIALS UNIV OF MASS
AMHERST MA CIC05
EC
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Helicopter Application
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Purchase St. Middleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity — icey to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
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FARM BUREAU HOLDS 2ND \NNUAL "OPEN HOUSE"
Gregory Finn of Westwood had lever seen one at close range al- hough he had spent many summers n Carver with his family.
Finn said many people like him- elf had probably driven past them or years but still couldn't make a ;onnection between them and the elly served at Thanksgiving.
"People, especially city people, lon't equate food they buy in the upermarket with agriculture, or ;onnect the harvesting of crops and he food in stores," Finn said.
So for the second season, the Plymouth County Farm Bureau ponsored "Open House, October 8, n Cranberryland" in Carver, the own reputed to be No. 1 in cran- lerry producing in the world.
Finn, information director for he Massachusetts Farm Bureau, had irganized the bog-gazing day to give the public a chance to see a larvest close up."
"You might wonder who would /ant to come and look at a cran- lerry bog? Well, you'd be surprised low many people come up to me nd say that they've always wanted 0 do something like this."
About 6000 people from all over the state did want to do something like this. Those registering received a bag of cranberries as a reminder of the berry harvest every fall.
BLUEBERRY COUNCIL HAS ANNUAL MEETING
Toronto was host the eighth an- nual meeting of the North American Blueberry Council at the Royal York Hotel, Nov. 1-3.
The council was formed in 1966 and today represents nearly 90 per- cent of the blueberry growers in the United States and Canada. It was organized to promote the in- creased consumption of blueberries, and to coordinate research and communications with the wide- spread industry.
The Wednesday, Nov. 1, pro- gram consisted of the registration of members and guests, a meeting of the executive committee, and the president's reception in the evening, followed by an optional dinner at Ed's Warehouse.
Thursday, Nov. 2 featured an open meeting to which the public was invited. It consisted of a wel- coming address by T. R. HilHard, deputy minister of agriculture and
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food, and the 1972 crop reports for the nine blueberry producing areas of the U.S. and Canada. Then fol- lowing reports by the executive secretary and Ruth Lundgren, pub- Hcity specialist, the delegates heard various research papers. The evening program consisted of the annual banquet at the Royal York, com- plete with entertainment.
The Friday, Nov. 3, session was an executive meeting for members only where the election of officers was held and the budget and pro- gram for 1973 approved.
PLYMOUTH IRRIGATION DISTRICT INVITES GROWERS TO CALL
According to our District records there are approximately 9,285 acres in cranberry production in Ply- mouth County. The U.S. Soil Con- servation Service has been providing technical assistance to growers since 1960, and we now have 5,030 acres under sprinkler irrigation systems, which is 54% of the acreage. Any grower planning to install such a system is invited to call the SCS office to schedule the necessary surveys and designs.
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Cranberrv
Slation
K Field Notes
by IRVIIMG E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Bert Zuckerman attended a meeting of the European Society of Nematologists and visited various laboratories in England and Scot- land from September 3 to 18, The Hematology meeting was held in Reading, England and Bert was leader of one of the discussion groups.
Drs. Zuckerman and Kisiel have a paper pubUshed in Nematologia. The title is "Fine Structure of the Body Wall and Vulva Area of Praty- lenchus Penetrans."
Maricet Report
The first cranberry market re- port for fresh fruit was released on September 25 from the U.S.D.A. Consumer and Marketing Service under the direction of John O'Neil in Boston. This will be the 19th season that these weekly reports have been prepared for growers and shippers. The reports include cur- rent information on the movement of fresh cranberries by rail and truck, price and terminal market conditions in the leading cities in the United States. Those who wish to continue receiving this report should return the necessary form to Mr. O'Neil. Anyone interested in the report may receive it by writing to the United States Department of Agriculture, Consumer and Market- ing Service, 34 Market St., Room 10, Everett, Mass. 02149, requesting ;that his name be added to the cran- ;!)erry mailing list.
Harvest
General harvest began about September 16 with some growers siartmg a few days earlier. This is
about the same time as last year. Color has been generally poor and slow to develop, but Early Black was finally showing good color by the end of September. This has been another in a series of poor coloring years, probably because of an ex- tremely cold spring and wet grow- ing season. Howes in heavy vines are poorly colored now (Oct. 6). Quality has been unexpectedly good except on areas that were flooded by heavy rains in early September, these areas have wide spread sun scald. The harvesting is behind schedule and Early Blacks are not completely harvested as of October 6. There have been only two general frost warnings as of this date, and
none in the month of September which is an infrequent occurrence. The Massachusetts crop is about 20 percent smaller than the record of 1971, probably around the 850,000 barrel mark.
Weather
September was just sUghtly on the warm side, averaging 0.6 of a degree a day above normal. Maxi- mum temperature was 83° on the 18th and minimum 43° on the 1 1th and 23rd. Warmer than average days occurred on the 1st, 12th, 18th and 27th. Cool periods were the 10th, 20-2 1st, 23-24th and 28th.
Continued on Next Page
STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
The unusual aspect of September was the precipitation. We recorded 14.56 inches of rain, not only the largest September precipitation but the largest for any month in our records. This is about 10-3/4 inches above normal. There was measurable rain on only 10 days, but on the 3rd there was 8.89 inches in one storm which is also an all time record for a single storm. We are now about 21 inches above normal for the 9-month period in 1972 and l^Vi inches (over double) ahead of 1971 for the same time. No lack of water for frost protection this year, rather getting rid of water was the problem.
Late Fall Management
The following suggestions on late fall management are offered to the growers for their consideration. 1) Woody plants such as Jiardhack, meadow sweet and bayberry should be pulled out after harvest, this will greatly improve the picking opera- tion next season, 2) A potato digger can be used in the shore ditches to pull out runners of small bramble, Virginia creeper or morning glory which may be crossing the ditch from shore. 3) Casoron can be ap- plied at the rate of 100 pounds per acre for control of loosestrife, aster, mud rush, needle grass, summer grass, cut grass, nut grass, cotton grass, marsh St. -Johns-Wort, rag-
ber 15) preferably just before a rain. It is less likely to harm vines that are healthy and vigorous. 4) This is an excellent time to rake and/or prune the bog, also do not forget the trash flood where water supplies are available. These are very valuable practices that will keep the bog in shape for peak pro- duction next year. 5) Any bog that has not received sand for the past five years or more, should be sanded as soon as possible, preferably this fall or winter. Sanding, pruning and raking should be postponed until next spring on those bogs that do not have water for winter protec- tion because the vines are more sus- ceptible to winter injury following these operations. 6) Areas with fairy rings should be treated with ferbam as recommended in the Insect and Disease Control Chart. 7) The fall casoron treatment followed by an application of kerosene-Stoddard Solvent in the spring is very good for control of blackberry and fresh meadow grass and is quite helpful in controlling running bramble.
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WHY SMALL BERRIES
By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon
Some bogs have not been able to develop adequate berry size this year even though early development was average or better. In the past this would have been considered as due to the summer north winds, lack of fertilizer or berry size "always slowing down" in August, Now I'm not so sure. Could the main problem really be bog dryness at critical times in the summer?
There can be no argument that a large number of cranberry plant roots are found in the upper inch of bog soil. But percent of vine roots in this critical area is a factor that is vital to consider. Some local bogs are more deeply rooted than others. Thus a greater percentage of roots would be deeper and the vines less susceptible to drying. But other bogs have very shallow rooting with a much larger percentage of roots in the top inch. As a way of com- paring these two situations; rapid soil drying to a half inch could conceivably be much more damag- ing to the shallow bog because greater percentage of roots dry out.
What all this means in regard to irrigation management is obvious. Some bogs will require moisture applied almost daily under dry sum- mer conditions while others will probably continue to stand up fairly well under the three or four day irrigation schedule used by many growers. In any event, I feel sure that a close look at irrigation meth- ods as related to percentage depth of rooting will improve berry size and development of future cran- berry crops in Southwestern Ore- gon,
CRANBERRY YIELD EQUALS LAST YEAR
The Washington Peninsula's 1972 cranberry crop totalled approxi- mately 43,000 barrels, according to the estimate of J. Wilson Blair, manager of the Ocean Spray plant at Long Beach, This is a good average crop, totalling slightly more than last year, but below the record yield that had been anticipated.
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issueof October 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 4,^
NEW JERSEY CHALLENGES FARM LABOR REPORT
A report on farm labor and housing conditions in three south Jersey counties released by the Puerto Rican Congress of New Jersey has been called faulty, misleading, and biased by the board of directors of the New Jersey Farm Bureau.
The report is based on interviews with 72 farm workers on 17 unidentified farms in three south Jersey counties. The Puerto Rican Congress admits that they had no way of knowing whether the 72 workers were representative of the 18,000 seasonal farm workers in New Jersey or not.
"This report," said the Farm Bureau directors, "is obviously biased, draws conclusions not justified by facts that are presented; and fails to detail and docu- ment many of the charges that are made. If the in- formation presented in the report is factual for the 72 workers, which we doubt, it is certainly not repre- sentative of the 18,000 workers employed on New Jersey farms."
"The farmers of New Jersey highly resent the statement in the introduction to the report, which states that farmers view Puerto Rican workers as beasts of burden. We would like to point out that farmers work as hard as the workers, usually longer hours. They are workers as well as farm owners and have the highest of respect for any person who does his job well on a farm, regardless of his ethnic back- ground."
Farm Bureau directors called upon the Puerto Rican Congress to release all details of the report, including names of workers paid less than the mini- mum wage, the farms where they worked, and details of the housing infractions. Spokesmen for the Farm Bureau said, "We can document in detail the wages earned by contract workers. Any report that seeks to show that the contract workers earn less than the non-contract workers is ridiculous."
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
CRANBERRY PUMP
The 1972 cranberry crop is in and indications look as though the Massachusetts crop total will be down somewhat from the original 900,000 barrels forecast; a spectac- ular Wisconsin haul; a reduced New Jersey crop and record crops for the West Coast.
According to some observers, the Blacks and Howes quality is good to excellent although some berries suffered from severe frosts during October, with one Massachu- setts Experiment Station observer saying it was the worst October for Massachusetts growers ever.
Irving DeMoranville, cranberry extension specialist at the East Wareham facility, said there were 14 frost warnings issued during the month, "by far the worst on re- cord," he said, "but growers were lucky they didn't lose more fruit."
He said tropical storm Carrie caused some damage, but it would have been worse if the flooding were more prolonged-there was an increase in wet picking this year because many pickers, who waited as long as they could for dry weather, were forced to flood their bogs in order to take the crop. The figure, for Massachusetts at least, hovers around 35 to 40% of the crop being wet-picked.
Fresh fruit is moving very well and it has been learned that many
Photos and Story by Bernard A. Marvin, Jr.
suppliers may be short by Christ- mas. However, it may be a little too soon to forecast yet.
Indications point to a boom Wisconsin crop of 800,000 barrels which is expected to equal the Massachusetts total, and because of some flooding and frosts the New Jersey crop will be down from the 225,000 barrels.
Record crops should, according to some, be realized for Washington
and Oregon although the latest in- dication was that Washington's yield will remain the same as last year's crop-43,000 barrels.
Some things are happening along the 'picking machine front. It has been reported the "Morton Ma- chine" being developed at the Mass- achusetts Experiment Station per- formed rather well this year during a trial picking period on the state bogs. The machine looks promising
but still is not ready for wide-spread acceptance by the growing public.
Recent tests on other Massachu- setts bogs with the Furford machine look very good as experimenters were hoping to come up with an improved and larger machine that won't damage an entire bog as it travels over it.
The Furford is a West Coast dry- picking machine similar to the Western.
HERDING BERRIES TO THE PUMP
WASHINGTON
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0BE60N NEWJEIISEY
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Twig Blight Sampling Completed
This summer's twig blight sam- pling program has been completed. The last series of samples has re- vealed fungus fruiting body maturity to be 90 percent or more at each of six bogs included in the April to October study. This level of matur- ity would suggest that the summer twig bliglit sporulation season was pretty well over by mid-September. As a resuh of this sampling, it now seems clearer that the critical twig bUght sporulation period lasts about 12 weeks in local bogs. This length of time is an approximate figure for the Bandon area, however, and in- cludes sporulation times of the early, average and late bogs. Individ- ual bogs would be figured to have heavy sporulation only during four to six weeks of this 12 week mid- June to mid-September time span. Now it can only be hoped that this year's more complete fungus con- trol program will greatly reduce the amount of twig blight vine kill showing up in Southwest Oregon bogs next spring. Growers Short Courses Scheduled
A series of four cranberry grow- ers' short courses has been scheduled to be held in Bandon. These courses will aim at discussing the more tech- nical aspects of bog weed and fungus control plus will cover fertilizers and cranberry plant growth and nutrition. SpeciaUsts from Oregon State University will lead each short session. More complete details on these courses will be sent to grow- ers next month and well before the first one scheduled for Nov. 15.
September was a dry month with temperatures about average. Rain- fall totaled only 2.33 inches, or about 1.46 less than normal. The average temperature was 66.9°which is 0.3'' cooler than normal.
It was the third successive month with sub-normal rainfall. Since July 1st there has been a deficiency of almost five inches and there was some anxiety over sufficient water supply for harvest. However, heavy rains of over three inches in the first week of October brought reservoirs up to full capacity.
Through September there was an absence of frost which would help to accelerate the color of cranber- ries. The low for the month was 40° on September 23. The high was 91° on September 17. In early October frosts were frequent and coloring improved rapidly.
An early heat spell bringing three days of very warm weather for the Labor Day holiday ranged from 83° on the 1st to 92° through the 3rd. The mean high dropped to 64.2° due to the dropping in general tem- perature throughout the remainder of the month. A low of 29° was re- corded for the 27th with a bog low of 23°, a mean low of 40.8° for the month.
Total precipitation for Septem- ber was 6.15 inches with a heavy downpour of 2.33 inches measured from 8:00 A.M. on the 20th to 8:00 A.M. on the 2 1st. This amount brought the year's total to 60.70 inches, but left ponds still lacking in good amounts of water for water harvest in the Long Beach area, due to continued sprinkling for frost during several nights.
Harvest is under way in the Gray- land and North Beach areas, with much welcome for the dry weather the last week of September. Harvest began on the Long Beach Peninsula
Continued on Page 19
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EARL R. LIPPINCOTT
Earl R. Lippincott, Jr., 72, of Chatsworth, New Jersey, died Sept. 14 in Burlington County Memorial Hospital.
A native of New Jersey, Mr. Lip- pincott was a former Burlington City policeman and a retired blue- berry farmer.
He is survived by his wife. Sue, a son, Arney J., of Tennessee, and two grandchildren.
HOWARD E. QUERRY
Howard E. Querry, 75, a 20-year resident of Three Lakes, Wisconsin, died recently in Eagle River Memor- ial Hospital. He was born July 3 1 , 1897, in Hillvreth, 111.
Mr. Querry owned and operated a cranberry operation in Three Lakes and was secretary of Cran- berry Products, Inc.
Survivors include: his widow, Mary Jane; one son. Dr. Howard Querry of Downers Grove, 111.; one sister, Mrs. Clara Q. Boum of Hume, 111.; two grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.
MRS. ALMA GEBHARDT ^
Services for Mrs. Alma Gebhardt, 89, philanthropist and widow of Herman Gebhardt, a cranberry grower here, were held October 21 in Black River Falls, Wisconsin.
She worked as a statistician for a Milwaukee department store be- fore marrying Mr. Gebhardt in Mil- waukee on June 28, 1923.
During her many years in Black River Falls, she made substantial donations to local activities and '^• programs.
Her husband died in July of 1954. The couple had no children. Mrs. Gebhardt is survived by nieces and nephews.
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Phone 423-4871
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Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1.25 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 1.25
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 1.25 465 -Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 1.25 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1.50
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1.25
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1.25
166 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1.25 666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 1.25
766 -Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1.25
866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1.25
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 1.75 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1.25
367 -Cranberry Vine Injury 1.25
467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1.25 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1.25 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1.50
168 -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1.25 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease 1.25
368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 1.25 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 1.25
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 1.75 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection 3.00
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 1.75 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia 1.25
GENERAL
536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1.00
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1.75 1264 —Washington Experiment Station 1.75
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1.75
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 1.50
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1.75
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1.75
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1.25
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1.50 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey 1.50
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 1.75
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25
867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50
768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 1.75 868a -ACG A New Jersey Meeting, 1968 1.25
13
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EVERGREEN SEEDLINGS NOW AVAILABLE
Seedlings grown and distributed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources at the Olympia nursery are ready for purchase well in time for the planting season, Azmi Shawa, county Extension agent, says.
Department regulations restrict the use of the trees to forest, wind- break or Christmas tree plantings.
The list of available species in- cludes Douglas fir, Noble fir, Shasta Red fir, Ponderosa pine, Scotch pine, Austrian pine, Caragana and Black locust.
Douglas fir is by far the most popular tree for west side forest plantings, with Ponderosa pine being its east side counterpart. Other varieties commonly are used for Christmas tree plantings or in wind- breaks. Cost of seedlings varies with age of the seedling and quantity purchased. One thousand two-year old seedlings, nine inches tall, cost $23 or about two cents apiece. Quantities as few as 25 trees some- times are purchased to accommo- date a windbreak combination.
The trees must be planted out- side corporate limits and cannot be used for ornamental purposes.
Price hsts and order blanks are now available at the County Ex- tension Office located on Pioneer Road, Long Beach, Washington. Trees can be ordered now for sliip- ! ment any time prior to April 15, 1973. First tree shipments started about November 1.
For those new to tree planting, a copy of the leaflet "Plant your Trees Right" is available at the Extension Office, as well as other bulletins helpful for proper handling of trees, shearing, and fertilization.
14
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Roy W. Uelner, general manager, AUis-Chalmers Corp. Agricultural Equipment Division, recently completed arrangements for sponsorship of the Agricultural Sales and/or Service Proficiency Awards Program of the National Future Farmers of America (FFA). From left are Donald N. McDowell, executive director, National FFA Foundation sponsoring committee; Raymond E. Dague, manager, customer and dealer affairs Agricultural Equipment Division; Mr, Uelner; and Philip H. Johnson, national vice president, FFA. The annual award program is designed to complement the training provided in the vocational agriculture classroom by making practical application of the academic subjects.
ALLIS-CHALMERS SPONSORS FUTURE FARMERS OF AMERICA AWARDS
The Agricultural Sales and/or Service proficiency awards program of the National Future Farmers of America (FFA) will be sponsored by the Allis-Chalmers Corp. Agri- cultural Equipment Division begin- ning in 1973. The announcement was made jointly at the recent Wisconsin State FFA Conference.
The annual awards program is designed to complement the training provided in the vocational agricul- ture classroom by making practical application of the academic subjects.
According to Roy W. Uelner, general manager, Agriculture Equip- ment Division, "Allis-Chalmers wel- comes this opportunity to assist individual FFA members prepare themselves for a sales and service occupation in agri-business. The annual awards program provides individuals with incentive to do the best job in accordance with their performance potential."
Mr. Uelner said that he feels that the FFA program is essential since agricultural on-farm trend is towards larger farms with larger machinery and production capa- bility. "The need is to fill the gap between the producing farmer and supporting agri-businessmen who promote their inputs and market their products," Mr. Uelner said. "This FFA program is designed to do just that."
FOR SALE
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OSCAR NORTON
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15
CRANBERRIES LEND SPARKLE TO HOLIDAY TABLES
Parties proliferate from Thanksgiving until New Year's, for at no other time of the year are people so in the mood to let go and enjoy themselves! But, parties are only as good as the idea behind them, the food that is served, and the thoughtfulness of the hostess.
What is more appropriate at this holiday season than the idea of featuring bright red cranberries in both the foods you serve, and in your table decorations?
The clever table decorations are simply plastic tubes of varying heights, filled with the cheery red berries. The food-a gleaming copper chafing dish filled with piping hot curried turkey, accompanied by a festive, sparkling cranberry chutney salad. Serve with warm hospitality and yours will be a party long remembered.
CURRIED TURKEY
(Serves 6 to 8)
1/3 cup butter or margarine
1 apple, peeled, cored and chopped
1 large onion, chopped
1/3 cup flour
1 tablespoon curry powdra
2 cubes or envelopes chicken bouillon 2 cups (1 pint) half-and-half
4 cups cooked, diced turkey
1 can (1 pound, 4 ounces) pineapple
chunks, drained Salt and pepper
In large skillet melt butter and saute apples and onion until onion is tender, about 5 minutes. Stir in flour, curry powder and chicken bouillon. Slowly stir in half-and-half. Cook, stirring con- stantly, until mixture is thickened. Stir in turkey and pineapple. Simmer, stirring occasionally, until hot and bubbly. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Serve with Cranberry Chutney Salad Mold if desired.
CRANBERRY CHUTNEY SALAD MOLD
(Serves 8)
1 pound (4 cups) Ocean Spray fresh cranberries
2 cups sugar 4 cups water
3 envelopes unflavored gelatin
1 bottle (1 pound, 1 ounce) India mango chutney, chopped
2 cups finely chopped celery
2 cans (11 ounces each) mandarin oranges, drained Combine cranberries, sugar and 2 cups water. Simmer 10 minutes. Mix gelatin and remaining 2 cups water. Stir gelatin mixture into hot cranberries. Chill until sUghtly thickened. Fold in chutney, celery and oranges. Pour mixture into a 2-quart mold. Chill until firm. To unmold, dip mold into lukewarm water for a few seconds, tap to loosen and invert onto platter. Nice garnished with bite-size greens, orange slices and celery curls if desired.
16
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products ... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and IVIanagement
By D. w. THORNE and H. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents oi this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY WARREN ANDERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6 x 9, 171 illus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides -selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SIMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. shoemaker, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525 pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover- age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALiiER, Univ. of iVis. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant patholoa>' written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, 02364
17
,..,»»<avT.j^.^««?t^" ^J^«r»"* >*"«J^P'^J^'^<«'^__~»*«|"-T»»>^*«.?«»-S?'^^^ ^••'••>«^'^fn»J*f«SP*^t^"^%^
massachusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
*1iAtW*«w.<1*4.»«1UI/W«*<wA
Farm Bureau members are re- minded to mark the dates of Nov- ember 13 and 14 on their calendars. These are the dates for this year's annual meeting of the Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation. The meet- ing is set for the Colonial Hilton in Pittsfield. More on this later.
Don't forget the bumper strip- They are an easy way for you to make a modest contribution to the Save Open Space campaign. For a contribution of just $ 1 you will be sent a green and white bumper strip which says "Save Open Space- Vote Yes on Question 1 and 5." Contributions may be sent to Mas- sachusetts Citizens to Save Open Space, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154.
Middlesex County SOS Commit- tee has hired a full-time consultant to work exclusively on the referen- dum questions prior to election day. Mrs. Philip (Ester) Zeimetz of North Reading, a highly respected leader in conservation and human resource activities, has agreed to devote her time to SOS planning and follow- through. We are most gratified to have such a gracious and qualified person as Mrs. Zeimetz on our side.
We've made progress in our drive to raise funds for the vital SOS campaign. Four counties are close to 75 percent of the quota, and Ply- mouth has already passed that mark. In Plymouth county, the cranberry growers really came through, and that's why this county is so far out in front. We still have about $10 thousand dollars worth of printing materials which can't be ordered until we pay the money— in advance. So . . . can we count on YOU?
We'll be looking for every single Farm Bureau member to attend this year's county annual meetings.
18
55^;:::
At each of these meetings, material will be passed out which you can use to get out the YES vote. If you're not there, you won't be able to do your share. So, make your plans today to attend your county annual meeting.
Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture Nathan B. Chandler has been named by Agriculture Sec'y Earl Butz to the National Advisory Committee on Safety in Agriculture. This committee advises the secre- tary and officials of the Department on USDA's safety policies and pro- grams and how they can be most effectively applied with those of other departments to reduce acci- dents in agriculture.
Referendum Question fl re- ceived a resounding boost. The Boston Globe, which is running a series of editorials on the various referendum questions, came out in favor of the concept of farmland assessment in its editorial on Mon- day, Sept. 25. Suggest you get a copy of this editorial, and use it to influence others.
Reminder to members nearing age 65 -Blue Cross/Blue Shield cov- erage is automatically dropped when you reach the age of 65. To make sure you have continuing medical coverage, IT IS IMPORTANT you notify the state Farm Bureau office in Wahham at least 60 days prior to your 65th birthday, so that we can convert your Blue Cross into the Medex coverage. Save this as a re- minder.
Crowds crammed to see cran- berries at the Open House in Cran- berryland, sponsored by Plymouth County Farm Bureau. The weather was perfect, and the crowds ap- peared even larger than last year. Comments were the same-"We just loved it!"
To the ladies of Carver who are the wives of the cranberry growers, go our heartiest congratulations. Special thanks also to the good people at Ocean Spray who worked so hard to provide a delightful tour of their plant in Middleboro. And, a tip of the hat to the C-B radio buffs who provided such excellent communications between the plant and the Open House bog sites.
The annual meeting of the MFBF will be November 13-14 at the Colonial Hihon Inn, Pittsfield, Mass. The main speaker for the banquet will be the Secretary of Environ- mental Affairs, Charles H. W. Foster who will discuss the subject of "Agriculture and the Environment." It is expected that the Secretary will also discuss his views relative to the role of the Department of Agricul- ture under the Secretariat of En- vironmental Affairs.
Farm Credit S err ice
;; Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781
Tel. 617 824-7578
; PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ; : LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office — On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
Continued on Page 6
with Cranguyma Farms, Casey Wis- ner and Wilson Blair delivering ber- ries to the Ocean Spray Cranberry cleaning plant. Ron Kaino of War- renton, Oregon also delivered berries to the Long Beach plant the first of October.
♦♦§♦>» I- ♦♦♦»♦> I ■H">-l' ■!■♦♦♦♦♦
NOVA SCOTIA
Each year the British Columbia Department of Agriculture publishes an excellent summary of conditions and crop prospects for all major crops in their pubUcation entitled Horticultural Newsletter. Under cranberries, they stated that har- vest was expected to begin Septem- ber 20 and they estimate the crop at 10,200,000 lb. which is slightly below the 1971 crop of 10,365,000 lb.
The mean temperature for the month of September was 58.7° at Kentville which is close to the 50- year average of 57.8°.
R. A. Murray, Small Fruit Spe- cialist with the Nova Scotia De- partment of Agriculture is working in conjunction with local growers on an exhibit depicting cranberry growing in Nova Scotia and cran- berry products. This will be seen at the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax from October 28 to November 4.
WISCONSIN
************** I *********
Partly cloudy skies and periods of rain continued through much of the week of September 4. Rains were heaviest in the northwest where weekly totals in excess of an inch were reported in Rusk and
Barron counties. In contrast, no rain of consequence fell from the LaCrosse area eastward to Lake Winnebago. Heavy thundershowers developed as the period ended in southwestern Wisconsin and moved across the southern tier of counties early in the week.
Temperatures averaged near nor- mal during the week of September 18. Extremes ranged between highs in the 80's on the 20th and lows, around freezing on the 22nd. Weyer- hauser with 26 degrees and Breed with 27 were among the coldest re- porting stations. Rainfall continued heavy across much of the state with severe thunderstorms in some areas on the 18th and Wednesday the 20th. Another heavy rain system entered the state on the 25th as the period ended.
September 25, 26 and 28 brought additional heavy rains to the already waterlogged soils in Wisconsin. Least rain fell in the extreme northwest and southeast counties. Heaviest rains during the week fell over a wide area centered along a line from LaCrosse to Wausau and beyond where weekly totals in excess of four inches were common. Some overflow occurred of the Trem- pealeau, Black, Kickapoo, and Pine Rivers while the Wisconsin was run- ning bank full. Cooler than normal temperatures prevailed in most sec- tions of the state. A cold front on the 28th brought clearing skies for the weekend. Light frost occurred again in most areas on the morning of September 30.
WATERSHEDS
A meeting of all cranberry grow- ers within the Weweantic River Watershed was held in Carver, Mass., on November 10. The purpose was to review the Reconnaissance Report and to consider the organization of a Watershed District. The result was to place the watershed project ap- plication in an inactive status until more interest develops.
FIRST THANKSGIVING
Oh Lord, that I Might bake a pie Without deserving scorn Or roast a turkey brown Or cook his squash on my
first try As tender as his frown when I Burn breakfast toast each
morn Still sleepy in my flannel gown.
Dear Lord, the fruit of Thy
ripe vine I snatched in haste and it was
mine By others planted— they
deserve Thy juicy berry's subtle curve By some divine sweet
inspiration Some day perhaps I'll can my
ration But budding cooks must not
be dreamers This one is satisfied to steam
hers.
BARBARA A. PEYSER
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
19
STONE CONVEYOR, INC. ANNOUNCES ITS NEW SANITARY CONVEYOR
Stone Conveyor, Inc., Honeoye, N. Y. 14771, is introducing a sani- tary food handling conveyor with a troughed white neoprene belt. Open stainless steel bed design minimizes accumulation and is easily cleaned. Offered in modular, bolt-together sections with interchangeable termi- nals. Troughing transition and return rolls turn on mechanical plastic bUnd bore bearings with stub shafts preventing entry of contaminents. Offered as standard in-belt widths of 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches. Also available in painted carbon steel at lower cost. Prices for 10-foot-long complete stainless models start at $790 with motor.
EXPANDED LABEL ON SEVIMOL
A liquid suspension of Sevin carbaryl insecticide in molasses, called Sevimol, has been granted clearance for insect control on eight additional crops. Sevimol can now be used to control some 50 insects on potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, cranberries, alfalfa, sorghums, and sugar betts, in addi- tion to the previously cleared cotton, soybeans, tobacco, corn and beans.
Union Carbide, manufacturers of Sevimol, also report the material will control grasshoppers on vege- table, field, and forage crops. Sevi- mol can be applied in water through sprayers, mist blowers, and aircraft equipment.
Reduce Hazards'
Follow this Rinse and Drain Procedure lor Pesnaide containers
The National Agricultural Chemicals Association rec- ommends this quicl<. easy procedure for draining and rinsing all single trip con-
Empty <
spray tanl< Then drain
for 30 seconds.
Rinse container thoroughly, pour into tank, and drain 30 sec
other dilutent) so
is 1/4 to 1/5 For example, one 1 in a one-gallon
Crush pesticide container immediately Sell as scrap lor recycling or bury. Do not reuse.
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
|
|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Special t7,ing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
• DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
|
•WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
•WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
|
•AUXILIARY UNIT |
•HARVESTING |
|
The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
•WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
|
per minute. |
CRANBERRY MARKETING
By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon
Grocery stores across the United States should have cranberries avail- able at produce counters from now through the holidays. The nation- wide fresh cranberry marketing sea- son traditionally runs from Septem- ber to January with the peak of the season coming in November.
Cranberries are normally pack- aged in one-pound poly-bag contain- ers for fresh berry sales in stores. A master container or fiberboard car- ton holds 24 of these packages and is used for transport from shipping points. The packaged cranberries wUl keep well under refrigeration for a period of four to eight weeks at temperatures of 36-40 degrees P. Moreover, don't forget that cran- berries can easily be frozen and kept over into that part of the year when fresh berries are no longer available.
Nutritionally, cranberries are re- commended by many doctors for treatment of some kidney problems and arthritis. The berries contain good amounts of vitamins A and C plus they also contain iron and some of the B complex vitamins. For dieters, there are only 218 calories per pound of fresh cranberries. There seems little doubt that cran- berries not only add to holiday meals but also provide heahhful, wholesome food or juice for the entire year.
SCARES BIRDS AWAY!
• Harmless explosions.
• Automatic 2-week timer.
• Non-electric. Burns clean propane.
ZON
Dealerships Available
Warehouses —
S.F., Baltimore, Houston
B. M. Lawrence & Co. • (415) 981-3650 351 California St.. San Francisco,Ca.94104
20
% serving llie WISCONSIN groweps %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/toii
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CLXVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
please
Mention
hce^^^l
CR^^l'^r*^-'-"'"'*
When
You Answer
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
At the rate we're going, your grandson
You really got to be something to have a bowl named after you. You got to have universal appeal.
You take your orange, for example... or your rose... or even your cotton. Very popular types. Your kumquat, on the other hand, will never make it. Nor will your mushroom.
But your cranberry might. And it won't be an accident. Right now at Ocean Spray a lot of bowl fans are working their left ends off to make it go. They do it by thinking up millions of new
may play in the Cranberry Bowl.
things to do with your cranber- ries so that more people will use them, so that more people will love them, so that finally, in an impetuous act of loyalty, there will spring up in Hanson, Massachusetts, a colossal arena where each year the CRANBERRY BOWL will be played.
Just stick with Ocean Spray. Not fw only will you make a nice buck on your berries but when Bowl time comes think of your cut of the ticket sales and TV rights.
Massachusetts
^ New/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
^'^^ Oregon
\A/ashington
^^C^b Canada
[15
IE
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
m
NOVEMBER 1972
LIBRARY S E R i A !. S tl'
U N ! V OF MASS
A M K E R Z T M A Q I 0 ^ 3
NEW CRANBERRY HARVESTER 6
INTENSIFYING CRANBERRY FLAVOR 13 MASS. FARM BUREAU 18
-^ DIBECTDBY lop cranlierpy gpowcps -^
Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfiiizers
Helicopter Application
By "Whitey" of Plymouth
Copters. Inc.
HARRY T. FISHER, JR.
Agric. Chemical Representative
Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity — l(ey to progress
In industry as well as fhe home, electricify has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
^ «s»s«s#v*^^s«sr«^
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The i
CHARLES W.HARRISi
Company |
451 Old Somerset Avenue ||
North Dighton, Mass ^
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed
1972 BERRY QUALITY REPORTED TO BE GOOD IN OREGON
The harvest of this year's cran- berry crop in Southwestern Oregon was in full swing by mid-October. Although first berry deliveries were made to the Bandon receiving plant on October 2, quite a few growers delayed picking until the middle of October.
A number of bogs have been coming up to pre-harvest yield esti- mate and to date, results of the cranberry harvest have been encour- aging. Two factors riake it especially so. First of all, color has developed fairly well. Even many of the berries picked early in October showed good color. Cranberries are rated on the deepness of their red color, but usually the first berries har- vested are too light to bring pre- mium prices. This color factor often leads to picking delays on bogs where berry redness has not be- come well developed. Since our cranberries are protected from freez- ing by sprinklers and so remain sound on the bog for several weeks even though ripe, a delay in harvest of a week or more while color de- velops to premium quality is a com- mon occurrence.
A second factor that looks to make 1972 a good year for Oregon cranberries is overall berry quality. Berries are firm and well developed plus very few catfaced or mis-shapen berries have shown up. About the only disappointment has been berry size. On too many bogs the berries have been small. Yet some bogs show good berry size. With fertilizer practices being improved so much over the past couple of years, grow- ers are going to have to pay more attention to better timing of irriga- tions in order to get larger berry size next year.
Dormant Buds Better
For some reason the condition of this year's dormant cranberry buds is much improved. By this time last year a disturbingly large number of buds were showing dam- age in the form of blackening or browning of parts of the tender interior tissue. Moreover, by Sep- tember 1971, it was possible to find a cyclamen mite here and there in bud tissue. This year much less damage is showing up and to date, not one single mite has been located. No reason for this improvement is
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
apparent. The same bogs are being sampled this year that were sampled a year ago. Let us hope this im- proved bud condition will continue as additional samples are taken throughout the dormant bud period.
Washington Dry, Too
To mid-October it had remained dry in the Oregon cranberry grow- ing areas and for many growers there was a definite shortage of harvest water. This is apparently a dry year in Washington bogs too. A recent letter from Azmi Shawa reveals that the Long Beach harvest has been slowed by lack of water. In contrast, many Grayland growers are happy with the clear, dry weather as it does, of course, speed up dry picking. Where bogs have to be flooded for picking, however, there is little that can be done to prevent harvest from being slowed until more rain comes.
-^ V-"^"'
^^^r '^^»_..
--.;#.
-»»»^<^.».»^^.»#V»S»#V»'#^'»»^^»^<^»'#>»» •^ '
WANTED
OC3 WIDE TRACK TRACTOR
CARLSON MFG. KINGSTON, MASS.
f^»^^****-»* »^.»^^^^^#»»»^*^***^*»'
♦-K*.
WANTED CRANBERRY BOG
Must have good water supply
Write: Richard Evans Hamilton Ave. Jamestown R. I. 028J5 ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦>♦»♦♦♦»♦
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMEN' DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
NEW FOR WET PICKING
• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS 1^^^" SERVICE
IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES
• NO WRENCHES
• NO THREADS
• LABOR SAVING
^
'i^jMm^tm
ii
4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING
• ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES
• HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS
COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
i Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Robert Devlin attended a meeting at the State University College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, N. Y., October 18-20. The meeting was about the chemistry and biochem- istry of plant hormones.
The Technical Committee Meet- ing of NE-64 was held at the Cran- berry Station on October 24-25. This is a regional research project on plant parasitic nematodes. Dr. Bert Zuckerman was host and presi- dent of the group.
Harvest and Frost
The Massachusetts cranberry har- vest was about 95 percent complete by the end of October. This was one of the worst harvest seasons, as far as weather conditions, that we have ever experienced. Color was poor and slow to develop which held up any general harvest until the middle of September or later. Then, after about 3 days of picking, we had four wet days in succession plus a couple of other showery days during the next week, and Septem- ber was over with not much har- vested. The only good occurrence was that there were no frost warn- ings in September, However, Octo- ber changed things with a warning on the 1st and many more before the month was over. There were 14 days with frost warnings issued during October. Add to this another eight days with rain and any dry harvesting weather was hard to come by.
We sent out a total of 25 general warnings during the fall, all in Octo- ber. This compares with only seven
in 1971, 20 in 1970, 26 in 1969 and 12 in 1968. Our records indi- cate that there were more days with warnings in October than any year since 1956.
The author would again like to express his appreciation to Prof. Bill Tomlinson for his very able work and judgment in calculating and formulating the frost warnings. We are also indebted to the National Weather Service (Weather Bureau), our cooperative weather observing telephone distributors, the six radio stations and the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers Association.
Crop Estimate
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop
Reporting Service for October in- dicates the Massachusetts crop at 900,000 barrels, unchanged from the August estimate; however, we have the impression that this is on the high side and that 800,000 bar- rels may be closer to reality. For the other states. New Jersey was 160,000 barrels-unchanged, Wis- consin 800,000 barrels-up 60,000 barrels, Washington 160,000 bar- rels—up 10,000 barrels and Oregon 90,000-unchanged.
Weather
October was a very cold month,
averaging 4.6 degrees a day below
normal. This is the second coldest
October in our records, exceeded
Continued on Next Page
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Call us, and we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
Mill location Route 44, Mlddleboro-Carver Town Line.
WUlard A. Rhodes MAIN OFHCE 947-1503
President Off. Hours 8:30 AM. - 2:30 P.M.
STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
only by October 1940. Maximum temperature was 72° on the 6th and minimum 24° on the 21st. Warmer than normal days occurred only from the 3rd to the 6th. Colder than normal periods were the 1st, 9-lOth, 13th, 16th, 18-22nd, 25- 26th, 30-3 1st. Rainfall totalled 3.32 inches, just slightly below average. There were 10 days with measurable precipitation with 0.91 inch on the 19th as the largest storm. There was 1/2 inch of snow recorded on the 19th; the earliest ever for us. We are now about 20-3/4 inches above normal for 1972 to date and over 29 1/2 inches ahead of 1971.
■it NEWS
-»- -•- -♦- -•- -•- .•- -•- .♦- -♦- -»- -•- -•- -•- -•- -♦- -•- -•- -•- -•- -•- -•- -♦- A
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NEW JERSEY
obiruARy
LEO PIETSCH
Leo Pietsch, 63, died suddenly November 12, in Ilwaco, Washing- ton. He was born February 26, 1909 in Germany, and was married to Marcella Johnson, in 1932. They estabUshed their home in Salem, Oregon.
During World War II, Mr. Pietsch worked in the shipyards at Van- couver, and in 1948 came to Ocean Park to make his home. He worked in the logging industry for Penttila's Logging Co., and more recently had owned and operated a cranberry bog on Cranberry Lake drive.
Survivors include his widow, Marcella, Long Beach, and several nieces and nephews in Germany.
Funeral services were held in the chapel of Penttila's Chapel by the Sea, with the Rev. Thomas W. Heald officiating. Committal was in the Lone Fir Cemetery.
It was the coldest October in the forty-four years of weather-record- ing history at the Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory in New Lis- bon. The average temperature was 5 1.3° which is 5 degrees colder than normal and 0.9 degrees colder than the previous record month of Oct- ober, 1929. Incidentally, last year it was the warmest October on record with an average temperature of 62.5°. This shows how variable weather in New Jersey can be.
Frost calls were much more fre- quent than normal for this period of the year. There were seventeen nights on which warnings for below freezing temperatures were issued. Several times cranberry bog mini- mums were in the low twenties. Temperatures below 20 were re- corded on the mornings of October 10, 20 and 21st. The lowest reading at the representative bog at Whites- bog was 16° on October 21st. At the weather station at New Lisbon the weather shelter reading of 20° on October 21 was the lowest tem- perature ever recorded in October. The 34° on the 2nd and the 29° on the 10th were records for these dates.
Another unusual feature of Oct- ober weather was the heavy pre- cipitation and early snow. A total of 6.29 inches of rain, 3.21 inches above normal, occurred. This made it the third rainiest October, sur- passed only by the record of 6.84 inches in 1935 and the 6.46 inches in 1943. October 19 there was a trace of snow mixed with rain. This was the earliest record of snow at the New Lisbon station. Rainfall for 1972 from January through October now stands at 40.57 inches, about four inches above normal and only about 2-1/2 inches less than the normal annual precipita- tion.
mi SCOTIA
The month of October was cold and dull. The mean for the month was 45.4° as against the 50-year average of 50.7°. Total number of hours of sunshine was 1 1 1.5 as com- pared with 138 for the 50-year average.
Growers had miserable weather for harvesting berries, but it is be- lieved that harvesting is complete. The color of the berries was good and Mr. R. A. Murray of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing estimates that our Continued on Page 20
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(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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II
CRAl^^BERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
fl
Issue of November 1972 / Volume 37 - No.^
INFLATION STARTS WHERE?
Let's take a look at the "soaring cost of food" in America. Maybe we can find some facts among the statistics:
In 1930, the consumer spent 24 percent of his
income on food.
In 1960, the consumer spent 20 percent of his
income on food.
In 1972, the consumer spends 16.3 percent of
his income on food.
Food prices are rising, no question about that, but what causes the increase in price?
In 1952, the farmer received 49^ of each dollar spent on food.
Today, the farmer receives 3Si of each dollar spent on food.
Wages are rising, too— on an average of 6 percent each year for the past twenty years (before "the freeze").
In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2 lbs. of
bacon . . . today, an hour's labor buys 4.5 lbs.
of bacon.
In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2.2 doz.
oranges . . . today, an hour's labor buys 3.8
doz. oranges.
In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2 doz. eggs . . .
today, an hour's labor buys 6.7 doz. eggs.
In 1939, an hour's labor bought 5.1 qts. of
milk . . . today, an hour's labor buys 10.6 qts.
of milk.
In 1939, an hour's labor bought 25.1 lbs.
potatoes . . . today, an hour's labor buys 41.5
lbs. potatoes.
Is the farmer's income rising? During the years when income for labor rose a total of 130 percent, farmers' prices for food products rose a total of 6 percent!
But still we hear the way to curb the rise in food
prices is to put a ceiling on the price of food at the
I farm. That's about the equivalent of cutting off your
1 toes to prevent dandruff— it's the wrong remedy,
applied at the wrong location.
—Massachusetts Farm Bureau Report
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 AH correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
^■■^.^■^^■^■^■^■^■^^^■^■^■^•^■^^^■^■^^^■^■^■^•^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^^^'^
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, iVlass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist IVlass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
i
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CRANBERRY HARVESTER
by
John S. Norton
Associate Professor
University of Massachusetts
Agricultural Experiment Station
Cranberry Station
East Wareham, Mass.
The following was presented in the form of a paper at the 1972 Winter Meeting of the
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
and is presented here by permission of the author and Society
Presented at
Conrad Hilton
Chicago, Illinois
December 11-15, 1972
SUMMARY
Field losses and bruising caused by the mechanical cranberry harvesters introduced about 1950 have always been excessive. A new harvester, designed to reduce both problems as well as to increase harvesting rates has reached the proto-type stage and is described herein.
Fig, 1. (left photo) Harvest crew scooping cranberries by hand. Fig. 2. (right photo) Close-up view of hand-scooping.
Fig. 3. (left photo) Harvest crew using mechanical pickers. Note worker with wheelbarrow. Empty field-boxes were distributed onto cranberry bog and filled boxes removed from bog by wheelbarrow until about 1965, when powered wagons came into extensive use.
Fig, 4. (right photo) Picker most commonly used in Massachusetts.
Harvesting berries on a flooded bog (water- picking). The berries are knocked off the vines by the cross bars on the rotating reel. Water is then raised to float the berries above vines and grass. The rectangular float per- mits operation of the machine close to ditches.
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Booming floating cran- berries to shore. Berries are surrounded by string of planks and moved to a convenient loading point.
Fig. 7. Loading cranberries into truck from flooded bog.
Continued on Page 16
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P.O. Box 429
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.
Phone 423-4871
Wisconsin Distributor
for Casoron® G-4 granules
NEW OLIVER TRACTOR
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Equally capable in front of four or five plow bottoms, maneuvering a loader with up to 80 in. bucket, or driving PTO equipment, the Oliver 1465 works and travels at speeds from 1.5 mph to 15 mph.
Standard 1465 features include power steering, independent 540 rpm PTO, automatic draft and depth control, category I-II three point hitch, padded form-fitting seat, hand and foot throttle, and disc brakes. The 1465 also features foot- operated differential lock to prevent wheel slippage in wet or frosty going.
Seven forward speeds are stan- dard. A 14 speed optional trans- mission and 14 speed creeper transmission are also offered.
White Farm Equipment Com- pany (subsidiary of White Motor Corporation), 300 Lawler Street, Charles City, Iowa 50616, is manu- facturer of Oliver and Minneapolis- Moline farm equipment.
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CASORON
DICHLOBENIL WEED & GRASS KILLER
A Research Discovery of N.V. PHILIPS DUPHAR US. Pal. No. 3,027.248
CASORON
Can be Obtained from
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AND NEXT SPRING A FEW THINGS
WONT BE REBORN.
March 21st is the first day of spring.
You can wait around till then to do your weeding. And hassle with it the rest of the season.
Or you can go out and buy CASORON now and use it now and wake up early that first spring morning and look out over your cranberries and know that you probably won't be having any of the hard-to-kill weeds and grasses CASORON kills, all season long.
To use CASORON may cost you a little more. But not to use it could cost you a lot more.
Forewarned is foreweeded.
Thompson-Hayward Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110
CRANBERRY TURKEY HASH
(Serves 6)
V4 cup butter or margarine 1 large onion, chopped 1 cup chopped celery IV2 cups Ocean Spray fresh
cranberries 4 cups finely-diced cooked, peeled
potatoes 4 cups finely-diced cooked leftover
turkey 1 cup catsup V2 cup turkey broth Salt and pepper
In a large skillet heat butter and saute onion, celery and cranberries until wilted. Stir in remaining in- gredients and heat until piping hot. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
QUICK BREAD IN THE ROUND (Makes 1 , 9-inch round)
2V2 cups biscuit mix
V* cup melted butter or margarine
Vz cup milk
/4 cup sesame seeds
In a bowl, combine all ingredients and mix until a soft dough. Spoon dough into a heavily buttered 9-inch layer cake pan. Spread dough evenly in pan. Bake in a preheated hot oven (450° F.) for 15 to 20 minutes or until richly browned. While warm, cut into wedges and serve with butter. 12
CRANBERRIES AND TURKEY THE SECOND TIME AROUND
Sometimes good things are even better the second time around! This is certainly true of the holiday bird if you combine the leftovers with tangy cranberries in this taste-tempting Cranberry Turkey Hash. Make up a quick bread to go with it, serve with crisp fresh vegetables and you have a heart-warming meal for any winter's night.
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INTENSIFYING CRANBERRY FLAVOR IN YOGURT AND SHERBET WITH SYNTHETIC FLAVORING
by
Barry G. Swanson, Kenneth G. Weckel
and Robert C. Lindsay
Research Assistant, Professor, and
Associate Professor, respectively
Department of Food Science,
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Fruits have long been used as flavorings in dairy products. The most popular fruit-containing items ire those which possess a tart flavor character. Traditional sherbets Fall into this catagory, and re- cently fruit-flavored yogurts have 3njoyed a tremendous increase in popularity. Citrus and berry flavors rank among the most popular for these products. Cranberry fruit- flavored yogurt has not caught on, apparently because dairy processors have been reluctant to manufacture a product with a delicate, low- impact flavor. Cranberry fruit- flavored yogurt should have con- sumer appeal through its fruit texture, flavor, and color character- istics. The utilization of cranberries as a yogurt flavoring probably could be hastened if a more intense, de- sirable cranberry flavor system were available.
Early synthetic or artificial cran- berry flavorings exhibited little, if any, true cranberry flavor character. This situation stemmed from a total lack of understanding of the volatile phemical compounds responsible for i cranberry flavor. However, recently ilavor components in the cranberry iiave been identified. As a result lew more typical cranberry flavor- ngs are becoming available. Experi- nents were conducted to evaluate he true fruit flavor character of a ;iewer flavoring material^, to deter- nine how it could be used with ••ranberries in yogurt, and to de- j ermine if it improved consumer- lype preferences for synthetically i nhanced cranberry fruit-flavored i'ogurt and sherbet.
Base compositions of the yogurt and sherbet studied are shown in Table 1 . For the taste panel evalua- tions, ingredients for yogurt were combined and mixed prior to in- cubation to develop 0.9% titratable acidity as lactic acid for coagulation (approx. 24 hr.). In addition, some sundae-type yogurt cups employing cranberry puree were prepared. Color additions were necessary for all products evaluated to impart a distinct cranberry red color to the otherwise light pink products. Both finely and coarsely ground cranberry fruit were evaluated in yogurt, and, in general, the panel preferred the fine-grind. This preference, however, would probably vary with the particular market area. Products were evaluated in controlled isolated taste panel booth facilities with normal lighting by a panel composed of faculty, graduate students, and secretaries. In preference testing a five-point ballot was used with a score of 5 being equal to like extremely and a score of 1 being equal to dislike. Data were calcu- lated to give average scores to allow comparisons between samples.
The cranberry blends used in the trials contained 45% cranberry and were adjusted to 55% solids (re- fractometer) with sucrose. Blends used at levels from 25-35% in yogurt were found preferable to lesser quantities. The level of artifi- cial flavoring best liked in yogurt for imparting a distinct, but mild flavor was 0.07 oz. per gal. Higher levels were criticized as being atypi- cal and perfume-like. The synthetic flavoring alone gave a cranberry-
like flavor, but the total flavor was considered incomplete without the presence of cranberry fruit.
In addition to direct synthetic flavoring of yogurt at the time of manufacture, flavoring also was added via the cranberry puree. An amount calculated to give a flavor 4 times the intensity of the most desirable level in finished yogurt was added to cranberry blend prior to canning. The increased amount was added in an attempt to over- come losses of flavor intensity during thermal processing.
The data presented for yogurt in Table 2 reflect the influence of flavoring directly added and flavor- ing added via a finely ground, canned blend. The highest flavor score (3.3) was obtained for the sample containing both directly added flavor (0.07 oz. per gal. yogurt) and a flavor carry-over derived from the addition of an equivalent of 4 times the preferred amount of flavor (0.28 oz. per gal. yogurt) through the canned blend. The next highest score (3.1) was given to the sample containing only directly added flavor (0.07 oz. per gal. yogurt). However, the sample containing only the flavoring (0.28 oz. per gal. yogurt) added to the puree prior to canning received almost an identical score (3.0). The yogurt containing only cranberry blend without flavoring scored slightly lower, but interestingly was not down-graded to any great ex- tent. The results of this taste panel series indicated that the addition of low levels of synthetic flavoring to yogurts containing cranberry fruit
13
increased the general preference for these samples over control samples containing only cranberry fruit. Further, it was indicated that through the addition of adequate amounts of synthetic flavor prior to canning of the blend, a desirable flavor approximately equivalent to that provided by the use of 0.07 oz. flavor concentrate per gal. yogurt was provided by the blend. Al- though the taste panel tests did not specifically indicate flavor character, the panelists agreed that synthetic flavor additions to yogurt at appro- priate levels gave a more recog- nizable cranberry flavor impact than did samples containing only cranberry blend and no added flavoring.
In order to more accurately determine the amount of flavor carried through the canning process, yogurt samples containing either directly added and canned flavoring were evaluated by the panel using an intensity ranking ballot where l=the most intense flavor and 6= the least intense flavor. The data for four samples in the series are summarized in Table 3. The most intense flavor score (2.2) was found for the directly flavored sample containing 0.07 oz. flavor con- centrate per gal. yogurt. Canning of blend containing added flavoring lowered the calculated 4x-preferred flavor strength to an intensity below the desirable low level used for direct flavorings, but the score (3.5) indicated that this flavor was much more intense than the sample con- taining no added flavoring (score 4.4). A dilution 1:4) of the canned blend containing 4x-preferred added flavoring with unflavored cranberry blend gave a much less intense flavor score (4.0) than that obtained for the directly flavored yogurt (2.2). It is obvious that a significant part of the flavor was lost due to processing. It appears that about 15 to 20% carry-over in flavor potency was obtained through the canning process, but the potent nature of the flavor concentrate appears to make this method feasible for de- livery of flavor enhancement in cranberry products.
14
Only limited trials were con- ducted with sherbet as cranberry- flavored sherbets currently receive some attention commercially. Sher- bet prepared according to the form- ulation in Table 4 was evaluated using the 5-point preference ballot.
A flavor score of 4. 1 was obtained for the product, and the panelists expressed many favorable comments about the sherbet. When the added flavor level was increased signifi- cantly, however, the panelists scored the product lower. The higher level
Table 1. Base Mix Formulas for Yogurt and Sherbet.
Ingredient
Formula
Amount
(lbs)
Yogurt (27o fat, 13.1% MSNF, 0.6% gelatin) Whole milk (3 . 5% fat) Skimmilk
Condensed skimmilk (32.1% solids) Gelatin (250 Bloom)
Whole milk (3.5% fat)
Water
Corn sirup solids
Sucrose
Gelatin stabilizer
Samples
310 129
Sherbet (18% fat, 3.2% MSNF, 22% sucrose,
10% corn sirup solids, 0.5% stabilizer)
476 144 100 200 4.2
Table 2. Flavor Preferences for Cranberry Flavored Yogurts.
|
Ingredient |
Directly Added Flavor + Flavor Added to Blend % |
Directly Added Flavor Only % |
Flavor Added to Blend Only % |
No Flavor j Added % |
|
Yogurt Mix |
66.6 |
66.6 |
66.6 |
66.6 |
|
Blend (Flavored) (Unflavored) |
33.3 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
33.3 . |
|
Flavoring (Direct) (Canned) |
0.05 0.20 |
0.05 |
0.20 |
1 |
|
Coloring |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
|
Preference Flavor Score* |
3.3 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
|
* Scale where 5 - like |
extremely and 1 = |
dislike. |
i |
Table 3. Flavor Intensities of Cranberry Flavored Yogurts.
Samples
|
Ingredient |
Directly Added Flavor Only % |
Flavor Added to Blend Only (Full Strength) % |
Flavor Added to Blend Only (Diluted 1:4) Z |
No Flavor Added % |
|
Yogurt Mix |
66.6 |
66.6 |
66.6 |
66.6 |
|
Blend (Flavored) (Unflavored) |
33.3 |
33.3 |
8.2 25,1 |
33.3 |
|
Flavoring (Direct) (Canned) |
0.05 |
0.20 |
0.05 |
-- |
|
Coloring |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
|
Flavor Intensity Score* |
2.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
Ranking on scale where 1 ^ most intense and 6 » least intense (the lower number indicates more intense cranberry flavor). Table 4. Composition of Cranberry Sherbet.
Ingredient 7.
Base Mix
Fruit Blend
Citric Acid Solution*
Direct Flavoring
Color
84.4 15.0 0.5 0,1 0.05
of synthetic flavoring found de- sirable for sherbet (0.14 oz. per gal. mix) compared to the lower desirable usage level in yogurt (0.07 oz. per gal.) apparently reflects the modifying flavor influence of the low temperature of sherbet and the dilution effects of overrun in- duced during freezing.
In summary, these studies have shown that a newly developed syn- thetic cranberry flavoring can en- hance the flavor and acceptance of cranberry fruit-flavored yogurt and sherbet. Actual levels required will undoubtedly vary with geographical locations, but the most important fact to consider is keeping the level of usage low enough to allow natural cranberry flavor character- istics to contribute to the overall flavor.
50% w/w citric acid solution
1. Imitation Cranberry Flavor F-6964, Givaudan Corporation, 100 Dela- wanna Avenue, Clifton, N. J. 07014.
2. Strawberry Red No. 336, Warner- Jenkinson.
Reference to brand name does not con- stitute endorsement by the University of Wisconsin over others of a similar nature not mentioned.
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent •
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
FOR SALE
10 WESTERN PICKERS A - 1 Condition
Call: OSCAR NORTON
763-5385
15
NEW HARVESTER
Continued from Page
Fig. 8. (left photo) Preliminary experiments in dry-bulk harvest. Picking action of this machine was adopted for incorporation in the design of the University of Massa- chusetts harvester.
Fig. 9. (right photo) University of Massachusetts experimental cranberry harvester.
Fig. 10. (left photo) First version of experimental machine. Object on arm extending to right of photo is contour sensor. Note set of picking teeth retracting into upper drum.
Fig 11. (right photo) Lab test of design for retracting picking teeth. Cam-followers attached to set of picking teeth follow the cam-track and draw the teeth into the cylinder as the path of the track moves toward the center of the cylinder.
16
Fig. 12. Prototype picking head showing one set of teeth partially re- tracted. Cam track is visible inside belt.
Fig. 13. Close up of picking heads in operation. Teeth are filled with berries. Small rollers are contour sensors. They are covered with one-inch-thick sponge rubber to protect ber- ries.
Fig. 14 (lower left) Contour sensing assembly (ear- lier model than Fig. 13 but later than Fig. 10). The level of the sensing roller is kept in proper relationship with the bottom of the picking head, when the head is raised or lowered, through the parallelo- gram linkage by which it is attached to the head.
Fig. 15. (lower right) Tandem drive wheels on 1972 model of experimental picker. Extra flotation is necessary to prevent rutting of bog. Left wheel in photo and its mate on opposite side of machine are retrac-
L tible to permit turns
without scuffing.
massachusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
The Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation annual meeting was a huge success. All sessions were well attended with nearly 250 farm people enjoying the banquet. High- light of the banquet was the present- ation by T. C. Peterson of the American Farm Bureau. His mes- sage was on American agriculture. Agriculture and the Environment was the subject examined by Secre- tary for Environmental Affairs Charles H. W. Foster.
The new First Vice President is Harold Newton of Northfield, Sec- ond Vice President is apple grower Charles Dowse of Sherborn.
New Board Members include: James Putnam of Hampden County, Gordon Price of Essex County, Mrs. Harry Bennett of Worcester County, Joseph Keith of Bristol County, John Perry of Cape Cod, George Fletcher of Middlesex County and Gordon Williams of Hampshire County.
Young Farmer member elected to the Board is Thomas Christopher of Agawam, and Donald Peirce of Sudbury was named to the Budget Committee.
Women's Committee named Mrs. John Buttimer of Walpole as 1st Vice Chairman, and Mrs. Tony Andrews of Falmouth as 2nd Vice Chairman.
Farm Bureau Association awards were presented to four counties by President Charles Llewelyn, while Larry Peterson and M. E. Pelsue capably manned the FBA display in the hospitality suite.
With a membership of 2,123,266 families across the land numbering 39 states, AFBF has exceeded its quota. It's a new high in member- ship for Farm Bureau, making 12 consecutive years of growth for AFBF.
18
Young farmers in Massachusetts are gearing up for an active role in Farm Bureau for 1973. County boards of directors will be looking for new additions to the Young Farmers program. Next March, Massachusetts will host the regional Young Farmers conference. The Farm Bureau would like to hear from 18-30 year olds involved in farming.
A new Farm Family Service to automobile policyholders has been announced. In order to provide more efficient service to members participating in the insurance pro- gram. Farm Bureau Insurance Ser- vice will initiate a new internal procedure thereby providing auto- matic issuance of Massachusetts Automobile renewal policies for 1973. This new procedure will alleviate the policyholder's necessity of completing various forms prior to renewal. Contact your Farm Family Agent for service as neces- sary.
The mandatory rebate on 1971 compulsory auto insurance for Mass- achusetts Farm Bureau members totaled $40,000. In addition, the insurance company declared a divi- dend of 10 percent on the 1971 bodily injury premiums. These Farm Family dividends added up to $25,000.
DPW permits are necessary when oversize vehicles— over 8 feet in width-travel on state-controlled highways. If a vehicle travels on local roads only, it's best to contact local DPW and let them know even though a state permit isn't needed. And, don't forget the slow-moving vehicle sign.
Farmers are reminded of an amendment to the Mass. Motor Vehicle laws which prohibit un- necessary operation of the engine on a motor vehicle while it is stopped for a foreseeable period of
five minutes. There are exceptions: for repair reasons, or when power is necessary for assistance in un- loading goods, or when associate power is needed for operations other than movement. However, the op- erations must not contribute to air pollution.
Farmers who employ less than seven em.ployees at any one time are exempt from the record-keeping requirement of OSHA. But . . . accidental deaths must still be re- ported.
Income tax help is available through the Northeast Farm Bureau Farm Record Management service. If you'd like to know more about this service, send a postcard with your name and address to Farm Records, Mass. Farm Bureau, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154, or call (617) 893-2600.
CRANBERRIES... the onl'
GROWER' magazine
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES |
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
■»^*^^*.».»*^»>»'».*^r^<^v»^>»^s»^.».#^'****J
xtpm
CRANBERRIES
Cranberry booth set up by Mr. R. A. Murray of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing for the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax, Oct. 23 to Nov. 4. L. to r: R. A. Murray, G. Boutilier and I. V. Hall.
NOW IS THE imi TO ¥\Rt^ UP YOUR PCA LINE OF CREDIT
A visit to your
PGA OFFICE
may well be the most profitable move you make all year!
Production Credit Associations
ANTIGO MEDFORD WAUSAU TOMAH MARSHFIELD STEVENS POINT BLACK RIVER FALLS
Intermediate Term Loans for Productive Purposes l\/lade To Responsible Farmers
19
NEW JERSEY
Continued from Page 4
production was in the vicinity of 200,000 lb.
A booth showing centres of cran- berry production in Nova Scotia was set up by Bob Murray at the At- lantic Winter Fair in Halifax and many favorable comments were re- ceived. ♦ »<"l4-i-M"H"H"HM!.!"!..H.4.<.4^4-
WASHINGTON
The Cranberry Vine was mailed around the 1st of November. Har- vest in the Washington bogs went smoothly for Grayland and North Beach, where dry picking is done, with an abundance of dry weather. The Long Beach area is still strug- gling to get the last of the crop in, with most growers completed, but lack of water prolonged the normal period. Several had to allow days between harvest days, to have suf- ficient water for flood harvest.
Total precipitation for October was 1.97 inches, with the greatest of .58 coming on the 28th. Despite the normal September rainfall, the
previous amount and the October low made water harvest a struggle, and several frost nights meant sprinkling, further lowering the water supply.
The high temperature of 82° came on the 8th, with a low of 29° for the 30th and a bog low of 22°. Below 32° bog temperatures were registered on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, 24th, 29th, 30th, and 31st. Warm days and cool nights brought good color, but the water shortage all during the growing season per- haps was the cause of generally smaller berries.
Tisconsin'
For the week of October 1st, temperatures averaged near normal. Mild weather early in the week was balanced by cooler than normal conditions during the latter half. Extremes ranged between the upper 70's in the southwest on October 2 and the 20's late in the period, October 8 and the following morn- ing. The cranberry harvest moved along good as wet weather was not
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
|
|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The CrisafuUi Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
|
•WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
•WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
|
• AUXILIARY UNIT |
|
|
•HARVESTING |
|
|
The CrisafuUi is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NEITING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
•WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
|
24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
|
per minute. |
a factor in that regard. Although parts of southern and eastern Wis- consin had the lightest rainfall in a long time during the first week in October, soil moisture continued to be surplus in most of the state and water levels were high. Farmers had a lot of time to catch up on their wet weather jobs.
Cold and dry weather was the rule across the state up to the 20rh when clouds and rain moved in from the west. More substantial rains followed on the 22nd with weekly rainfall totals approaching three inches in many southern countjes. Several inches of wet snow fell along the northwestern fringe of the rain system on the 22nd. A hard freeze around mid-week saw the mercury drop into the teens over much of the state. Black River . Falls, with 6° on the 19th, was the coldest among the regular reporting stations.
The week of October 29 was mostly cloudy and wet. Heavy rain and some snow fell over the north half after mid-week, with light to moderate rain in the south half. Rainfall amounts ranged from a half inch in the extreme south to two inches along the upper Michigan border. Temperatures during the week averaged close to normal, ranging between the low 30's and low 50's. The removal of excess soil moisture by evaporation continued very slow during the cloudy and cool weather.
B. M. Lawrence
351 California St.
Harmless explosio Automatic 2-week Non-electric. Burns ciean
Dealerships Available
Warehouses —
S.F., Baltimore, Houst6n
& Co. '(415) 981-3650 San Francisco. Ca. 94104
20
% serying llie WISCOHSIH growers %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEARS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Ganberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
^,r^VYou Answer Ao
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
i^^^
A lot of people wouldn^t kno\ what these were if we didn^t pu an Ocean Spray label on them.
You know how most people buy cranberries these days? In cans and bottles and jars* Jellied and frozen and squeezed.
Many of them wouldn't recognize a whole, fresh cran- berry if they saw one.
So how do they know what to buy? They look for the Ocean Spray label.
To millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
They're buying more cranberry products than ever. Many they never heard of a couple of years ago.
But they know the name. And they know what it stands for.
You don't get a reputation like that overnight.
Ocean spray,
/ /^"Y <'^^'^^^
Massachusetts
Ne\A/ Jersey
Wisconsin
Oregon
?\A/ashington ^^,^,^^ Canada
Vn' -2-1 ll</
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
JA1^22 1973
.PYSICAL SCIENCES UMlV.OrMAS
DECEMBER 1972
GEL POWER INDEX FOR CRANBERRIES . 6 MASSACHUSETTS FARM BUREAU 10
LIBRARY r.ERlAlG SCCT U N I V OF M A G 3
AMHERST MA Ci.CCS
^ DIBECTOBY lor cranlierpy growers -jjr
Complete Line of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Helicopter Application
By "Whitey" of Plymouth
Copters, Inc.
HARRY T. FISHER, JR.
Agric. Chemical Representative
Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity — key to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It Is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
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The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOLfND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The
tCHARLES W.HARRIS: Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
CRANBERRY BOOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA
The Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture recently staffed a "Cran- berry Booth" at the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
The purpose behind the design of the cranberry booth at the Winter Fair, was: (1) To be educational to both school children and adults in various ways:
(a) To trace the development of the cranberry from the flower stage to ripe fruit on the vine in a sim- ulated bog with live vines.
(b) Harvesting, showing hand rake and mechanical picker.
(c) Map showing where cranber- ries are grown in Nova Scotia.
(d) Packaging, showing how Nova Scotia cranberries are sold as fresh fruit, fresh frozen and juice.
(e) Display of new varieties.
(f) Give away recipes on how to use cranberries.
(g) Give away fact sheets on cranberries.
(h) Juice dispenser where the public could sample cranberry juice at a nominal price.
(2) To provide publicity to Nova Scotia cranberry growers in adver- tising their products in hopes the consumer will purchase Nova Scotia produce.
Material for the booth was sup- plied by Nova Scotia cranberry growers; Chipman Apple Products Limited, Kentville; Canada Depart- ment of Agriculture; Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture.
Close to 10,000 recipe folders and 5,000 fact sheets were distrib- uted during the 8 days of the Fair.
Over 5,400 (7-oz.) cups of cran- berry cocktail were dispensed. A number of gift bottles of cranberry cocktail were given away. A total of 210 gallons of cranberry cocktail was used.
The people who bought the juice tended to spend more time around the booth in asking ques- tions about the cranberry industry. In many cases, this discussion branched into other lines of small fruit growing. The juice dispenser was a definite help in promoting public relations.
The reaction toward the booth, by the public, was very favorable. The display provided an opportun- ity to view an agricultural crop which otherwise might not be seen.
The overall booth was manned by staff mainly from Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, with help from Chipman' s Products Lim- ited, and Annapolis Valley Cran- berries Limited, Kentville on a 3- shift per day basis.
WANTED
OC3 WIDE TRACK TRACTOR
CARLSON MFG. KINGSTON, MASS.
■ »**^'»^-»»» »>»*s»^»»^»»»»»»^»#'*^*^ J
WASHINGTON CROP REPORT CITES INCREASE
While according to the federal and state Departments of Agricul- ture, cranberry harvest totals are down in 1972 for the natibn, Wash- ington ^nd Oregon showed a pro- duction increase.
According to Ed Frazier, Ocean Spray manager for the West Coast, Washington State's production for 1972 totalled 156,696 barrels. This figure includes some, but a very small amount, of berries from Clat- sop County, Oregon, said Frazier. Last year's production was 148,807 barrels, showing an increase of about 8,000 barrels.
Production figures from the Ocean Spray in Long Beach show a slight increase for Long Beach Pen- insula cranberry growers with 43, 789 barrels this year compared to last year's total of 43,367.
The Markham Ocean Spray plant which receives berries from the Grayland and North Beach area, re- ceived over 7,000 more barrels this year than last.
Continued on Page 11
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
NEW FOR WET PICKING
• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
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IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
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COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranberry
Slalion
( Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
November was a cold month, averaging 3.3 degrees a day below normal. Maximum temperature was 64" on the 3rd and minimum 16° on the 23rd. The only warrher-lhan average days occurred on the 3rd and 20th. Cooler than average days were the 4-6th, ll-12th, 14-19th, 21-25th and 29-30th. Precipitation totalled 7.88 inches which is about 3-1/4 inches above normal. This is only the fourth largest November precipitation in our records but the largest since the record of 10.61 inches was set in 1945. There were 13 days having measurable precipi- tation with 2.14 inches on the 14- 15th as the biggest storm. We are now a monstrous 24 inches above our normal precipitation for the year to date and 32 inches above 1971. We have akeady broken our record for precipitation for any one year. Surprisingly, there was only
1/2 inch of snow considering the cold, wet conditions.
Crop Report
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service for November indicates that the Massachusetts crop is 800,000 barrels, down from the original estimate of 900,000 and over 250,000 barrels less than the 1971 record crop. There may be a slight adjustment of this total in later reports.
The big culprit responsible for this huge drop in production was spring frosts, especially on the nights of May 25 and June 11. Aiding and abetting were excessive rain in late June, causing -some flooding at the hook stage and again in early Sep- tember causing some scalding of berries, also some oxygen defi- ciency, poor pollination weather
and a holy terror of a fall frost season.
For the other states, New Jersey is at 175,000 barrels, up 15,000 from earlier estimates, but much below last year. The Wisconsin crop is unchanged at 800,000 barrels which is a record for them, Wash- ington unchanged at 160,000 bar- rels and Oregon unchanged at 90,000 barrels, also a record. The United States total is 2,025,000 barrels, off about 10 percent from the 1971 record.
HE'S READY
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
HIRE THE HANDICAPPED VETERAN
»—»—»—»— >—)—^— 5—^—1— )—i—>—>—^— ^—)—^T=>=1=>—^— >=)=)=!=)
3P Til. Pf.iKan'i CaaalltM — byl^PM" •
iliil NEWS
»»♦♦ »» I »l HI H I H > I' >'>'» 1 1
NOVA SCOTIA
The month of November was colder and darker than usual. The mean temperature for the month was 35.4° compared with the 50- year average of 38.2°. Our total sunshine for the month was 74.5 hours compared with the 50-year average of 80.
As of this date (December 13), we have very little snow cover to protect our vines. Since there is plenty of fresh water, growers should flood their bogs to prevent winter injury.
NEW JERSEY
The cranberry region of New Jersey was deluged with record- breaking rains during November. There was precipitation on 12 days with a total of 9.09 inches. It was by far the rainiest November in the 43-year weather recording history at the Cranberry and Blueberry Lab, surpassing by over two inches the previous record of 6.75 inches in 1932. In the more than 500 months of weather observing here, only 10 months had more rain, almost all of which were associated with hurricanes in August and Sep- tember.
The month was quite cool, as temperatures averaged only 43.2°, which is 2.90 below normal. The extremes in temperature were 68° on the third and 16° on the 23rd. Soil temperatures at the 1-inch level (under sod) remained above freezing throughout the month. The high was 63 on the third and the low was 38 on the 23rd. Soil tem- peratures have a bearing on when the winter flood is put on the bogs, since many growers wait until the 4
ground freezes. Some flood their bogs before the hunting season-the first week in December to prevent accidental burning of the bogs by hunters.
Some late autumn application of casoron to cranberry bogs for weed control is being made at this time but this activity is not as intense as it was a few years ago.
Fb¥on
After several years experience, cranberry growers know that this is the time of year to take bog soil tests. As. in past years, needed soil bags and report sheets for these are available at farm supply stores in Bandon and Langlois.
Soil test readings from bogs are most meaningful if taken in Novem- ber, December or January. The main reason for this is that desired levels of bog fertility are presently based on readings taken shortly after harvest. To change the time of year for running bog soil tests would take a new set of standard readings. These are gained only by experience with enough soil tests to be sure what readings would mean for a certain time of year. Since it is usually most convenient for growers to take samples and have tests run after harvest, there seems no good reason to change the present soil testing procedure.
Cranberry growers who are pick- ing up soil test forms will notice a new information sheet that must accompany bog soil samples to the testing laboratory inCorvallis. These new sheets are yellow instead of the white color of the obsolete ones. They are different because early this year a lime requirement test was added to the old regular soil test to now make this basic test more expensive. But lime require- ment does not apply to cranberry
bogs because it was developed for field and vegetable crops in order to judge how much lime must be apphed to make field soil conditions considerably less acid. Since this new test has no bearing on cran- berries, I have insisted that the testing laboratory keep the old standard $3.50 test that we have always used for bogs. Thus, the only real change growers will have on the new information sheet is not marking test No. 1 which in- cludes the lime requirement test and costs four dollars and instead marking test No. 2 which is the same $3.50 standard soil test run on bogs in years past.
Grower Help Needed
This winter I am trying to cata- log samples from certain types of bog trouble spots. 1 am most con- cerned with areas that have shown yellowish-orange uprights this sum- mer. These locations do not have to contain dead areas of vines to qualify; the main symptoms I am looking for being yellow upright tips and certain root problems. If any growers have such areas and don't mind my taking a couple of samples from them, I would cer- tainly appreciate the chance to do so. Please contact me at the county extension office in Coquille if you would like further details.
WASBIN6T0N
• <tnnn»i I in !♦* **!■**♦
November held to an average of 53.66 high with 59° registered on the 15th and 16th. The low aver-
Continued on Page 16
♦ ♦♦♦♦♦MMMMH»MMM»M»*^
WANTED CRANBERRY BOG
Must have good water supply
Write:
Richard Evans Hamilton Ave. Jamestown R. I. 028 J5
♦ ♦»♦«♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦
D
Issue of December 1972 / Volume 37 - No. ^ USDA FUNDS THREATENED
A lawsuit filed in the nation's capital recently calls for a stop to an estimated $250 million in federal grants to land-grant university programs. The suit would put a crimp in a total estimated $750 million appropriated overall for programs at land-grant col- leges and related institutions to develop farm tech- nology of all kinds.
The unprecedented action seeks an injunction against the use of the federal funds on the grounds that, contrary to Congressional intent, the monies involved are appUed for the benefit of big agribusiness firms and research instead of small farmers and others in rural areas.
Some 70 land-grant universities and related agricul- tural experiment stations would be affected. Owing to the joint financial relationship between state and federal aid, both state and federal research would come to a virtual halt until a new spending policy was arrived at and new guidelines issued.
The action demands that the policy-making and advisory machinery of land grant university research include representatives for independent farmers, farm workers, consumers, environmentaUsts and other rural interest affected by the research.
The numerous complaints in the 40 legal size pages of the action included a demand that more funds be diverted from the development of pesticides and farm machinery and put instead into programs for job training and placement for laborers and farmers dis- placed by more modern mechanization.
The study charged that the land-grant university complex set up under the Morrill Act of 1862 had wandered so far from its original goal of furnishing help to farmers and rural communities that they fre- quently wound up hurting the very people they were intended to serve. Examples given of injury to farmers included such machinery as tomato harvesters too ex- pensive for some farmers to buy, thus putting them at a disadvantage with farmers who could afford the new technology.
At this time, legal sources expected no action by the court until the defendants have time in which to answer the complaint,
—American Vegetable Grower
CRA^^BERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kkigston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia (. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5CW per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by PUgrim Publishers
Of CWfce/utlW
K. G. Weckel and Barry Swanson
Department of Food Science
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Normally, cranberry sauce is produced by blending and thermally processing a mixture of cranberries (or puree), sweeteners and water to a concentration such that it will form a gel. The adequacy of the process is determined by the spoon- sheet test or by visual and physical evaluation of the gel; or more pre- cisely, by refractometry.
The gel forming property in cran- berry sauce is the net effect of con- centrations of pectic substances; protopectin, pectinic and pectic acids, together with cranberry sol- ids, its acids, and added sweeteners. The gel forming property in cran- berries varies considerably among cultivars. It varies also with matur- ity, season, presumably with horti- cultural practices, and conditions of storage. A study was made of spe- cific pectic substances in cranberries and of their relation to gel capabil- ity.
When making sauce with cran- berries that have a low gel property, then, to obtain a product that will form a satisfactory gel, either the quantity of cranberries in the for- mula must be increased, or the cran- berry solids concentration in the sauce must be increased by the evaporation of water. Conversely, if the gel property of the cranberries is great, either a lesser quantity of cranberries in the formula is re- quired, or the extent of evaporation of water may be less. The gel property of naturally occurring pec- tic substances can be expressed in a manner similar to that used for commercial pectin, which is the quantity of sugar with which a unit quantity of pectin will form a sat- isfactory jelly.
Variations in the gel power or 6
gel-forming property of cranberries affects the proximate composition of the cranberry sauces. The con- centrations of soluble solids in com- mercial strained cranberry sauce have been reported to range from 36.0-42.5 percent and in whole berry sauce from 36.0-44.5 percent (refractometer). A range in yield from 9-1 1 cases sauce per barrel (100 lbs.) berries may be expected.
A simple procedure is needed to index the gel-forming property of cranberries under conditions com- parable to actual use. It would en- able better formulation for the processes used, and aid in develop- ment of continuous, rather than batch processes.
Procedure
The test is based upon the mini- mum concentration of sugar neces- sary to form a satisfactory gel when
a given quantity of cranberries is used in a mixture of cranberries, sugar and water. When less sugar is required, the pectic substances pres- ent are capable of forming a gel in the presence of greater concentra- tions of water. The minimum con- centration of sugar required is therefore an index of the gel capa- bility or gel power of the cranber- ries. This value can be used to adjust the formula quantity of cranberries necessary to produce a satisfactory gel or alternately, the concentration of sugar necessary to produce a satisfactory gel.
Prepare two batches of strained sauce from a given lot of cranberries differing only in sucrose content. The formulas should cover the range of sugar concentrations normally used in the production of commer- cial sauce. Suggested formulations are presented in Table 1.
Figure 1. Apparatus for preparation of gel index test cups
Quickly, uniformly, bring each of the two mixtures to a boil in kettles equipped with stirrers, and simmer 5 minutes. Minimize evap- poration by appropriate covers. Pass each mixture through 0.033 or 0.030 sieve-size screens in a labora- tory pulper. Promptly prepare a series of 200 ml blends of the two sauces in 10% increments 200-0, 180-20 . . .20-180, 0-200, each in 8-oz. polystyrene cups. The test cups are prepared by boring a one- inch hole in diameter in the side of the cup near the base, and reclosing the hole with tape (Figure 1). Cover the cups to minimize evaporation; hold approximately 20 hr at TOT. Remove the covers, gently remove the tapes covering the openings be- ginning with the mixture containing the greatest concentration of su- crose. Record the least concentra- tion of sucrose at which the sauce neither protrudes (bulges from) nor flows through the opening. The concentration of sucrose in percent is designated as the gel power index of the cranberries. Figures 2 and 3 show the test cups and their ap- pearance when making the test, using the formulas previously sug- gested. In this test, the concentra- tion of cranberries was maintained, while those of sucrose and water are varied. The gel power of the cranberries tested as shown in Fig- ures 2 and 3 was indexed at 36, which indicates the concentration of sucrose necessary to produce a satisfactory gel with 30% cranberries standard in the formula. The com- parison of the test formulas with the indexed formula is shown in Table 1.
Application of the index
a) Assume cranberries, lot C, with gel power index = 36, are being used in production of sauce ac- cording to the formula C in Table 2. Calculate the concentration of cranberries, lot D, with index = 33 to be used in a revised f'-^'^iula in place of cran^-'^es with in- dex = 36
^xC_ ^
~i — - % cranberries to use in
Table 1. Composition of test and indexed formulas for cranberry sauce in determining gel power index.
revised formula
|
Components |
A |
B |
Indexed |
|
|
Cranberries |
t |
30.0 |
30.0 |
30.0 |
|
Sucrose, X |
28.0 |
38.0 |
36.0 |
|
|
Water, 7, |
42.0 |
32.0 |
34.0 |
OTI
36x30 33
32.7 = % cranberries to use in revised formula
|
Figure 2. Gel power index test for cranberries |
|
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
|
|
Ken Beaton — |
295-2207 |
|
The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
• DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
• WATERHOLE CONST. |
• COMPLETE BOG |
|
• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
• WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
• SANDING |
|
• AUXILIARY UNIT |
• HARVESTING |
|
Jhc Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
|
24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
|
per minute. |
where -
S = % sucrose in index formula C
C = % cranberries in index for- mula C
I = gel power index of new lot of cranberries
b) Assimie cranberries, lot E, with gel power index = 38, are avail- able. Calculate the concentration of these cranberries to use in the formula.
36x30 38
= 26.8 = % cranberries to use in revised formula
Table 2 shows a comparison of the concentrations for components of sauce when cranberries with dif- fering indices are used.
The gel power index is, of course, dependent upon the reference for- mula used, which should be com- parable to that used in production runs in the manufacture of cran- berry sauce.
The gel power test also may be used as a "pass or fail" test, in which a standard sauce blend is used to classify different lots of cranber- ries as to whether they do or do not form a gel.
Table 3 shows the index values of different lots of cranberries har- vested in different years from var- ious marshes in Wisconsin and Massachusetts, some of which were indexed when fresh, and others after having been stored at -5" F.
The yield of cranberry sauce per unit quantity of cranberries will vary with the gel power of the berries, and their concentrations of seed, skin, fiber and solids. These components in turn vary with vari- ety, maturity and other factors. If normal losses were assumed in pulp- ing cranberries into puree for sauce, a theoretical difference in yield of sauce per 100 lb of berries per each unit gel power would be 9-13 lbs, as determined from the data in Table 2. It is evident that gel power properties of cranberries are of con- siderable importance in their use value, and in process procedures.
Continued on Page 14
'/o SUGAR GEL POWER
Table 2. Comparison of cranberry sauce formulas using cranberries with different gel power indices.
Cranberries
|
Lot C |
Lot D |
Lot E |
||
|
Components |
I = 36 |
I = 33 |
I = 38 |
|
|
Cranberries |
7. |
30 |
32.7 |
26,8 |
|
Sucrose, 7. |
36 |
36.0 |
36.0 |
|
|
Water, 7. |
34 |
31.3 |
37.2 |
Table 3. Gel power index of different varieties of cranberries harvested from various marshes in different years.
Mixed red purple
Searles
Searles
Natives
Early Black
Ben Lear
Howes
Howes
McFarlln
McFarlln
Searles Jumbo
Blatk Voil
Stevens
Metallic Belles Metallic Belles
(a) Test formula: cranberries, 28.5%; sucrose, 28-387,; water, 43.5-33.57, 'b) Test formula: cranberries, 35.07.; sucrose, 30-407,; water, 35-257.
|
1966, 1967^^^ |
1970^"^ • |
|
37 |
|
|
33 |
32 |
|
33 |
|
|
30 |
|
|
34 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
29 |
30 |
|
31 |
|
|
30 |
|
|
31 |
30 |
|
34 |
|
|
32 |
31 |
|
36 |
nave tou misseo inese Articles v
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issuies. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 -Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 —Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 —Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 — Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 —New Direction In Harvesting Techniques 668 —New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration
868a -ACg^A"^lvJ^SI?tt?;'^J!?l"?7iro^
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
1:2§
inassachusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION^
It's official, figures certified and approved by Gov. Sargent and the Governor's Council will amend the constitution to allow the taxation of farmland at its present agricul- tural use. The vote 1,440,093 for, 534,143 against. MFBF has met, at the request of the governor, with the leaders of the S.O.S. Committee to bring forth enabling legislation.
Taxation is the subject of another piece of legislation filed by MFBF relative to the filing dates of esti- mated taxpayers. Those taxpayers who now derive at least two-thirds of their income from farming must file a declaration of estimated tax by January 15 th or file their return. Under present Mass. laws, failure to do this results in assessments of penalty and interest. Legislation has been filed to allow filing of return by March 1st if an estimate has not been filed.
Fireplace wood for sale by Farm Bureau member, 100 cords of split dry hard-wood in four foot lengths, $25.00 a cord at the farm. Call after 6:00 P.M., Taunton, Mass. Tel. 617- 822-6505.
Annual meeting of facts tenta- tively scheduled for February 28, 1973, meeting to be held at the Holiday Inn, Waltham, Mass.
Board of Directors has voted the new slate of officers for 1973. They are Executive Secretary-Treasurer, Philip N. Good; Assistant Secretary, Catherine Shea; Assistant Treasurer, Michael Arcidy.
Membership is coming into the counties quickly this year, BUT there is still a big job ahead on membership.
Membership kickoff set for the
week of January 16-there may be
"\^ j""'^ ^'^'"^ vear. Better plan on attendmg.
10
Food, farmers and inflation- Now that the elections are over, let's take an objective look at the "soaring cost of food" in America. Maybe we can find some facts among the statistics: (1) In 1930, the consumer spent 24 percent of his income on food. (2) In 1960, the consumer spent 20 percent of his income on food. (3) In 1972, the consumer spends 16.3 percent of his income on food.
Food prices are rising-no ques- tion about that, but what causes the increase in price? (1) In 1952, the farmer received 49^ of each dol- lar spent on food. (2) Today, the farmer receives 38^ of each dollar spent on food.
Is farmer's income rising? During the years when income for labor rose a total of 130 percent, farmers' prices for food products rose a total of 6 (six) percent!
Who is covered by O.S.H. Act? Department of Labor has issued a clarifying policy statement defining specific employers covered by O.S. H.A. The statement specifically identifies the following as employ- ers covered by the Act: (1) Profes- sional persons, such as physicians and attorneys. (2) Nonprofit organ- izations, trade associations. (3) Ag- ricultural employers who employ one or more persons. Members of the immediate family of the farm employer excluded.
New Farm family agent Frank Bingham of Norfolk county has been honored as the agent-of-the- month. If you haven't met Frank yet, why not set up an appointment by calling the Southeastern Mass. Insurance service office in West Bridgewater at 583-4764.
WASHINGTON REPORT
Continued from Page 1
The Long Beach Peninsula and Grayland area make up the heart of Washington State's cranberry in- dustry.
Frazier noted, "This was a very fast season. Cranberry harvesting was completed nine days earlier this year." He attributed this year's speedy harvesting to good weather.
The nation's five top cranberry producing states are Washington, Oregon, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and New Jersey.
Total U.S. production for 1972 was Usted at 2.03 million barrels which means the crop for this year is off 11 per cent from last year.
East Coast cranberry producers were hindered this year by un- favorable and abnormally cold weather.
OREGON FREEZE NOT THOUGHT DAMAGING
The wave of freezing mid-Decem- ber weather that forced tempera- tures down to at least 1 0° F in the Bandon area did not appear to cause much dormant bud injury on local bogs. Encouragingly, the first upright samples taken since the freeze do not show much more damage than is normal for cran- berry buds at this stage of the win- ter. While additional checking of buds needs to be done, I do feel that Southwest Oregon bogs got through the extreme cold in pretty good shape.
1
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
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One reason bud damage appears minimal is because cranberry buds are most resistant to cold injury during the earlier portion of the dormant season. Bogs were har- vested and had experienced some cold weather in November. As a re- sult, they were pretty well dormant and so in the best physical condi- tion to withstand cold temperatures when the freeze hit.
Another factor in the favor of cranberry growers was an unusual snow cover on the bogs. I under- stand that snow covered most of the vines during some of the coldest nights. Snow would tend to insulate uprights from extreme temperatures and this probably is the most im- portant reason that only minor freeze injury to dormant buds has been found so far. Sampling of buds to determine winter injury will continue, however, to be sure that the extent of possible damage a week or more of record cold temperatures could have caused has not been overlooked.
DR. TOTH FINDS THAT FERTILIZERS DO NOT POLLUTE
Dr. Stephen Toth, professor of soils at Rutgers, College of Agricul- ture, finds that fertilizers do not pollute streams and ponds. Dr. Toth says that the soil must be saturated with water before this type of pol- lution can occur.
Nitrates are nitrogen compounds necessary for plant growth. Their accumulation in ponds and streams may produce algae, recognized as a green scum floating on the surface of the water, and thus deplete the oxygen needed for marine life and natural self-purification, caused by the decaying vegetation producing enough nitrate, phosphorous and potash to promote the growth of algae.
Dr. Toth points out that most of the pollutants in our streams are related to urban sources and that fertilizer applied to agricuhural land does not contain enough of the fertilizer elements to be a pol- lutant.
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11
DECEMBER 1947
Cape Cod chose its "Cranberry Queen" for the third successive year at the annual Cranberry Queen Coronation, Festival and Dance at Memorial Town Hall, Wareham, Massachusetts. The winner was pretty Miss Sharon Casey, 1 7, daughter of Mrs. Harold Bumpus of Onset, one of 16 contestants. Miss Casey is a senior at Wareham High School. This was the largest field yet in the now-annual event, and presented a tough problem to a board of judges consisting of Cledge Roberts, chairman, director of the Harbor Players and four cranberry growers, Ellis D. Atwood, Gilbert T Beaton, Edward L Bartholomew and George Cowen.
Oregon 's first cranberry queen was chosen the evening of Novem- ber 14 before 700 spectators at the Bandon grade school auditor- ium. She is Ruth Kreutzer, who was sponsored by the Langlois Community Club. She is 1 7, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Kreutzer, who operates a farm near Langlois. Born in Bandon, she is 5 ft. 3 inches tall, weighs 128 pounds, with brown eyes and hair.
Minot Food Packers, Inc., Bridgeton, New Jersey, this past fall sent out interesting and well designed brochures to the trade to boost sales of cranberry sauce, featuring Min-ot strained sauce and Conway's old-fashioned whole berry sauce. Addressed to grocers, the brochure carried the message that turnover and profits in cran- berry sauce are no longer seasonal, and that powerful, steady advertis- ing is creating year-round consumer demand. 12
We would call attention this month to the new feature which is beginning, and will continue monthly, we hope. This is the material prepared by J. Richard Beattie, new Extension Cranberry Specialist in Massachusetts. While this will, of course, mostly concern activities in Massachusetts, there should be some pointers and sug- gestions to growers in the other areas.
The story of Cranguyma Farm, Long Beach, Washington, was a feature of the Pacific "Parade" Magazine section of the November 2 issue of the Oregon Journal Be- sides the story of Cranguyma and the cranberry industry, a number of fine pictures taken from the air, appeared in a double page spread. Farm Manager Joe Alexson was featured in the article, as well as the big sprinkler system, the railroad and women weeders on the bog.
Leonard Morris, well-known cranberry grower of the Long Beach peninsula, Washington, has been elected president of the Ilwaco-Long Beach Kiwanis club. Dr. J. H. Clarke of Cranguyma is one of seven directors.
Starting with a membership of twenty-nine members in 1946, the Midwest Cranberry Co-operative, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, the state organization of the National Cranberry Association, Hanson, Massachusetts, has increased in membership to forty-five members. Members of the Midwest Cran- berry Co-operative market 100%
of their crop with the National Cranberry Association.
Lester Collins of the A tlantic Company and president of the Blueberry Cooperative Association, is planning to es'cape the rigors of the New Jersey winter by spending January and February in South America and South Africa. Travel will be made by airplane.
Dr. and Mrs. J H. Clarke of Cranguyma plan to leave the early part of December for Washington, and he expects to visit eastern cranberry sections during the Christmas holidays.
Cranberry production in the United States is now estimated at 756,400 barrels. The crop harvested in 1946 amounted to 857,100 bar- rels and the average production for the ten-year period 1936-45 is 638,830 barrels. The 1947 season in New Jersey was unfavorable for cranberries, and the crop of 70,000 barrels is 31 per cent below last year. In Wisconsin, this season's crop of 140,000 barrels is only 3 per cent below the record large production of 145, 000 barrels in 1946. Cranberry production in the West Coast states (Washington and Oregon) shows a sharp increase, as acreage in those states has been increased in the past few years. Production of 45,900 barrels in Washington is 90 per cent above average, and Oregon's total of 15,500 barrels is 77 per cent above average.
PESTICIDE LOCKUP
Vegetable grower John Bosch, 120 High Street, Newbury, Massa- chusetts, keeps pesticides under lock and key in a metal cabinet in the barn. The cabinet, which was found in a scrapyard, also provides a dry place for storing leftover treated seed in labeled jars.
Farm records show the type and quantity of pesticides on hand and the amount used on various vege- table crops grown on the farm. Younger family members are in- structed to keep away from the cab- inet and the key is hidden out of reach.
-American Vegetable Grower
Mrs, John Bosch shows metal cabinet where pesticides ore stored under lock and key to protect the youngsters.
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN
When people hear the words "water problem" they often think of a lack of water-water shortages, droughts, crop failures, and so on. But just as important is the rela- tively unpublicized problem of too much water in the wrong place. Agricultural drainage-the removal and disposal of excess water— has made agricultural development pos- sible on much of the most preduc- tive land in the United States. Today, an estimated 130 million acres or about one-third of all the cropland in the U.S. is drained artificially.
"DRAINAGE OF AGRICUL- TURAL LAND," just pubhshed by the Water Information Center and authored by the Soil Conservation Service, is a practical working hand- book for the planning, design, con- struction and maintenance of drain- age systems. A large number of diagrams and illustrations have been included to assist in understanding the text material and most math- ematical concepts have been ex- pressed in graphical form for easy application.
Originally prepared in loose-leaf format for use by SCS employees in providing technical assistance, it
is hoped that the publication of this excellent material in book form will increase its acceptance and use by the pubHc. The book should prove useful to students, engineers, farmers, farm technicians, or any- one concerned with protecting high value lands from excess water.
"Drainage of Agricultural Land" with 440 pages, soft cover and 7 x 10 inch format is available for $7.95 plus postage and handling from: Water Information Center, Inc., Dept. T, 44 Sintsink Drive East, Port Washington, N. Y. 1 1050.
YELLOWING OF UPRIGHTS IN OREGON
by David Keir County Extension Agent Yellowing of uprights is a prob- lem on some bogs that often defies permanent correction. After work- ing with Azmi Shawa for several days in checking local bogs, it is evident that vine yellowing is more widespread than one would think. There are apparently different types of yellowing, however, each of which appears to be due to different causes.
The first type of yellowing is around dead spots in bogs. Here an area of vines typically is dying out with injured vines on the perimeter
showing reddening and some yellow- tipped uprights. These off-color vines progressively get worse and eventually die to increase the size of the dead spot. No exact causes for this condition have ever been satisfactorily pinned down. Scrap- ing, re-sanding and replanting are usually the only cure.
A second type of bog yellowing does not develop into dead spots. Instead, areas or strips of vines will show yellow and orange uprights that become more noticeable to- ward the latter part of the year or even after harvest. It is felt that this condition is usually due to an imbalance of nutrients in the bog soil. For example, high phosphorus or high lime levels could promote just this sort of thing with zinc, iron or magnesium deficiency.
A third type of upright yellow- ing in local bogs has been listed as probably due to root nematodes. Here there is much more lemon yellow color showing than is evident in the above types of yellowing. How widespread this soil pest is and how much damage it can actually cause to cranberries has yet to be determined. But that its feeding does weaken and yellow bog areas seems obvious from tests al- ready run by Oregon State Univer- sity specialists.
13
TOMORROW'S SELF-MADE MAN NEEDS A BREAK TODAY
And local businessmen can
give it to him. Now.
This summer.
While there's still time.
Thousands of deserving youngsters are waiting for jobs. Waiting for a chance to work at becoming better citizens.
The corporate giants are already hiring. The Government is already helping.
But we need to reach Main Street. We need to reach you. Because without the support of every local businessman, we cannot succeed. What can you do?
Each one hire one.
Hire one young man or woman. Hire more if you can. But, at least hire one.
No business is too small to help. Think about an extra pair of hands for the summer. Think about a bright youngster filling in vacation gaps. Think about next summer— and the one after that— when you'll have an "experienced beginner" to call on for extra help.
Do yourself a favor. Give a kid a break this summer. Do it now. Call the National Alliance of Businessmen office in your city.
SUMMER
JOBS
NOW
National Alliance of Businessmen
PROBLEMS OF THE PAST
The pioneers of parts of what is now Ontario had a few troubles with harvesting wild cranberries which seem to have been over- come by the passing of time.
Settlers were pouring in from Ireland (the potato famine), from England (an agricultural depression), and from nearby states. Roads were impassable part of each year, land clearing meant cutting hardwood trees, and the winters were pretty tough on newcomers from the rela- tively mild climate of Great Britain. English sterling currency was still being used though fast being re- placed by North American dollars.
In 1846 Wm. H. Smith wrote:
"Of the wild fruits of the country may be mentioned . . . cranberries which make a most delicious pre- serve, and large quantities of which are exported; none of these how- ever reach England in a state of perfection, the reason of which is that the berries are gathered much too early, long before they are ripe, through the jealousy of the Indians, each of whom is afraid he shall not get his share; they therefore pick them in August, aUhough they are not thoroughly ripe till Octo- ber; when they are allowed to hang on the bush (sic) through the winter, and are gathered in the spring, they are a very rich fruit.
"These cranberries grow in marshes which are generally much infested with rattlesnakes, there- fore the white settlers seldom venture into them, but depend for their supply of the fruit upon the Indians"
From a facsimile of Smith's CANA- DIAN GAZATTEER of Canada West (Ontario) by Wm. H. Smith: 1846. Toronto: Published for the Author. Price Ten shillings.
GEL POWER-Co«r. from Page 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The assistance of the following in pro- viding cranberries for the study is grate- fully acknowledged: Cranberry Products Co., Eagle River, Wisconsin; Massachu- setts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham; Ocean Spray Co., Babcock, Wisconsin. Research support was pro- vided by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin- Madison.
REFERENCES
Baker, G. L. and R. F. Kneeland. 1936. Cranberry pectin properties. Ind. Eng. Chem. 28, 312.
Chawan, Dhyaneshwar B. 1968. Gel fac- tor in cranberries. Thesis, M.S., Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison.
Pintauro, N. D. 1967. Pectinous material from cranberry fruit, isolation, purifi- cation and characterization. Diss. Abstr. 28(2) 733 B.
Rank, R. G. 1963. Effect of sugar and acid on consumer preference for strained cranberry sauce. Thesis, M.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison
Swanson, Bany G. 1972. Refr^eiated storage of fresh cranberries and cran- berry puree. Thesis, Ph.D., Univ«sity of Wisconsin, Madison.
Yueh, Mao Hsun. 1957. Studies on the pectin-gel properties of fresh aanber- ries. Thesis, M.S., University of Wis- consin, Madison.
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14
A MAGIC CARPET OF CRANBERRY DESSERTS FOR THE HOLIDAYS
Like the Austrian metal sculpture in the photograph, these spectacular cranberry desserts will become recipe collectors' items. The Rumtopf can be made almost as easily as waving a wand. Vacherin and Cranberry Cream will take a little more loving care, but the results will make you feel like an artist!
FESTIVE CRANBERRY RUMTOPF (Serves 10 to 12)
1 package (1 pound) Ocran Spray cranberries, rinsed and drained or 2 cans (1 pound each) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce
IVi quarts assorted fruit and berries, -pitted cherries, diced pears, diced pineapple, halved apricots, halved plums, quartered peaches and nectarines, blackberries, raspberries, gooseberries, etc.
1 cup Ocean Spray cranberry juice cocktail
3 cups sugar
1 cup light or dark rum
In a large earthen or glass crock combine cranberries with fruits and berries. In a saucepan combine cranberry juice and sugar. Bring to a boil. Lower heat and simmer 5 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in rum. Pour over fruit and stir gently. Let stand overnight at room temperature and then serve as desired. Can be served in a fruit cup, over cake slices, over ice cream or pudding. Will keep well in re- frigerator for several weeks.
CRANBERRY VACHERIN (Serves 10 to 12)
12 egg whites
4 cups sugar
1 package (1 pound) Ocean Spray
fresh cranberries
2 cups sugar 1 cup water
1 package (3 ounces) orange gelatin
2 cups (1 pint) heavy cream,
whipped
Beat 6 of the egg whites until soft peaks form. Gradually beat in 2 cups of the sugar, 1/4 cup at a
Continued on Page 16
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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WOMAN'S PAGE
Continued from Page 15
time until mixture is stiff and glossy. Line large cookie sheets with aluminum foil. Make a 9-inch round, an 8-inch round and 3, 9-inch rings on foil. Spread meringue 1 inch thick on top of rounds and rings, making rings 1 inch wide. Bake in a preheated very slow oven (175° F.) for 60 minutes for layers and 40 minutes for rings. Let cool on foil and then carefully strip off foil. Leave oven door slightly open during baking to allow meringues to' "dry properly. In a saucepan combine cranberries, sugar and water. Simmer until cranberries are tender, about 10 minutes. Stir gela- tin into hot cranberries until dis- solved. Cool and then chill until slightly thickened. Fold in whipped cream and pour mixture into a container, cover and freeze until hard. When layers and rings are thoroughly cooled, beat remaining egg whites and sugar as directed above until mixture is stiff and glossy. Place 9-inch layer on a sheet of foil on a cookie sheet. Place rings on top of layer shaping a basket. Spread meringue over the sides of the rings to cover com- pletely. Place remaining meringue into a pastry bag, with a large star tip pipe rosettes on sides of mer- ingue. Place 8-inch layer on a foil- lined cookie sheet and pipe rosettes on top. This is the top of the basket. Bake for 60 minutes leaving door ajar during baking. Cool. When ready to serve fill basket with spoons of frozen cranberry cream and top with lid. Serve immediately, cut into wedges.
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WASHINGTON
Continued from Page 4
age of 39.73° with the actual low of 30° on the 15 th and 20th made a normal period for this area.
Precipitation totaled 9.47 inches with the greatest sotrm of 1.87 in- ches coming on the 26th. The total for the year is 72.12 inches, just over six feet.
December will set some records on the temperature, so far a low of 5° registered on the 24 hours pre- vious to 8 A.M. of the 7th. The bog low was 2° F. A blanket of snow covers the area, due to a continuous east wind on the 5th with powder snow falling most of the day. Drifts rose as high as 12-14 inches in places, actual fall accumulation was 4 inches. This is not normal for this coastal area, and may give some vine injury. Next spring will tell the re- sults. Cold, clear days and nights continue.
wiSGONSili
♦♦♦♦ftiU'K'MtHnflli*
November weather continued in tlie very cloudy and dreary pattern established during the late summer and the fall months. Precipitation tapered off somewhat after the rains
of November 1-2, which brought between one and two inches to much of central and northern Wis- consin, and the lighter rains of November 6-7. A snowstorm on November 13 brought from 4-6 inches of snow to the southern tier of counties bordering Illinois with amounts quickly tapering off to nothing about 20 miles to the north. No other snow of conse- quence fell in the State during November. Blocking high pressure over Wisconsin during much of the latter half of November kept pre- cipitation systems south of the State during this period. Tempera- tures moved in a narrow range during November's mostly cloudy weather and monthly average tem- peratures came close to their long term normals. Soils and surface waters had cooled enough during the cold weather of October to cause the formation of a little frost in the ground and thin ice.
November's average temperature was close to normal after the very cold October which was the coldest since 1925 and 1917 in many north- western areas. Precipitation in Nov- ember was heaviest in the north where between 2 and 3 inches of rain fell, while amounts in the south and central generally were less than normal.
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16
% serving llie WISCONSIN growei's %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEARS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
When '°"
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE IVI-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
At the rate we're going, your grandson
You really got to be something to have a bowl named after you. You got to have universal appeal.
You take your orange, for example your rose... or even your cotton. Very popular types. Your kumquat, on the other hand, will never make it. Nor will your mushroom.
But your cranberry might. And it won't be an accident. Right now at Ocean Spray a lot of bowl fans are working their left ends off to make it go. They do it by thinking up millions of new
may play in the Cranberry Bowl.
things to do with your cranber- ries so that more people will use them, so that more people will love them, so that finally, in an impetuous act of loyalty, there will spring up in Hanson, Massachusetts, a colossal arena where each year the CRANBERRY BOWL will be played.^jr^ Just stick with Ocean Spray. Not (iffiMkffi^/ only will you make a nice buck on your ^^nj|p^ berries but when Bowl time comes think of your cut of the ticket sales and TV rights.
Massachusetts^
New Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashington
Canada
LIBRARY
FEB 14 1973
^7
\RY
CftftNDEIHIIES
THE NATIONAL CRANdtE^f^V lyiAOAZINI
fiS^J^*C
JANUARY 1973
LIBRARY SERIALS SECTI UNI V OF MASS
AMHERST M^ 0 1005
AN EVALUATION OF DIFOLATAN
IN MASS 6
SPOTLIGHT ON SUPPLIERS 9
DRYING SOIL TESTS 18
^ BIBECTflBY top cpanlieppy groweps <^
Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfilizers
Helicopter Application
By "Whitey" of Plymouth
Copters, Inc.
HARRY T. FISHER, JR.
Agric. Chemical Representative
Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity - icey to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
«^#^«^#^«s«s»«^
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
>^>»^S»N»^N»^.»<»*^S»^*^^^#'*»#*^^^»»«
The
CHARLES W. HARRIS! Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE -MAR LOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
PATENT GRANTED CARGILL SPRAY
Cargill Insecticide Base (CIB), a molasses-derived fluid system, has been granted U.S. Patent No. 3,632,759, according to Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.
CIB has successfully undergone three years of field testing as a vehicle for SEVIN as well as such bacterial insecticides as Dipel and Thuricide.
The product was especially devel- oped so that insecticides are dis- persed easily. It also spreads well during application and sticks to foliage. Though it contains molasses to give adherence and to attract some insects the product is non- fermentable.
-American Vegetable Grower
1973 ANNUAL MEETING AND SCHOOL TO BE HELD IN WISCONSIN
The annual meeting of the Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers Association will be held in Wiscon- sin Rapids March 13, 1973. This is a departure from the traditional January date. The Cranberry Grow- ers School will follow March 14 and 15. We will plan to schedule all association business and necessary reports on March 13. More details later.
The officers and directors have taken the necessary actions to re- new the agreement with the Na- tional Weather Service to continue the cranberry frost warning in 1973. You will be getting a questionnaire in the next week or two regarding ways and means to produce in- creased or improved frost warning communication. Please give your attention to the letter.
WISCONSIN HERBICIDES LIST
The herbicide list for 1973 re- mains unchanged. Casoron, Mor- cran and Petroleum derivatives (solvent and kerosene) are the regis- tered and approved materials. No new herbicides will be available for 1973.
Morcran has given temporary suppression of creeping sedge. It should be applied at the recom- mended 100 lb/acre rate in late April or early May. The opening up of the vines past the blossom per- iod may benefit fruit set enough to justify the cost of the. herbicide. There is little permanent control of creeping sedge from this treat- ment.
Apphcations of 2 lb/ acre of Cas- oron in early to mid-May will sup- press sickle grass until mid-summer. This treatment usually does not give permanent control of sickle grass.
Reduce Hazards!
Follow this Rinso and Drain Procodura
The National AgricuRural Chemicals Association rec- ommends this quick, easy procedure tor draining and rinsing all single trip con-
BLUEBERRY OPEN HOUSE
The annual Blueberry Open House will be held in the auditor- ium of the Burlington County Ex- tension Service building on Feb. 1, at 1 P.M. Blueberry growers at- tending this meeting will find ade- quate parking space in the municipal parking lot across the street from the county office building. The Ex- tension Service building is on the right hand side of the county park- ing lot.
MMMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«! MMM«MMMM»M»MMtM»»MM«MMM»MMM»M»MMMMMMMM»
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
We have the experience that guarantees you even water pressure and water supply throughout your bog. Our "MOLE" method of laying P E flexible plastic pipe leaves only a knife edge cut on the bog. We are recommending buried PVC semi-rigid plastic pipe for main lines. We are using saddles that fit PVC pipe for lateral take offs that do away with tees and twisted laterals to meet joints. Frankly, we do the best installation possible and our prices are competitive.
Sure, we make installations with aluminum main lines; and we rebuild sprinkler systems; and we take trade-ins of aluminum pipe; and we sell Rainbird sprinklers, Ames-Lockwood irrigation systems, and quick coupling risers. We also design sprinkler systems.
We have room in our spring schedules for cranberry bog installations — Call us. 1—61 7-824-5607.
CHARL€S W. HARniS CO., IMC,
451 Old Somerset Ave., North Dighton, Mass. 02764 Warehouse at 452 Somerset Ave., Route 138
c^^^e/ffft^mt'
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENl DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
NEW FOR WET PICKING
• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE
IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES
• NO WRENCHES
• NO THREADS
• LABOR SAVING
4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING
• ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES
• HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS
|
'- •,-->>. ^' . , - --■ |
|||
|
COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT CONTACT BILL STEARNS LARCHMONT ENGINEERING 99 WARREN AVENUE LARCHMONT ENGINEERING philtropeano PLYMOUTH, MASS. LEXINGTON, MASS. 746-2610 862-2550 2 |
Mass.
Cranberry
Slalion
I Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Prof. Stan Norton attended the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers in Chicago from December 11 to 15. Stan presented a paper describing the evolution of his new cranberry harvesting machine.
Dr. Robert Devlin and the author were in Homestead, Florida from December 13 to 18 as guests of the Sandoz-Wander Company. Bob and I were joined by Azmi Shawa of the Washington Station and Dr. Malcolm Dana from Wisconsin. The object of this meeting was to sum- marize a research program for 1973 in order to collect the necessary data for Federal registration of a new herbicide.
Dr. Bert Zuckerman, Barbara Nelson and Dr. Kisiel have a paper published in the October 1972 issue of the Journal of Nematology. The title is "Specific Gravity Increase of Caenorhabditis briggsae With Age." This paper presents data showing that old nematodes have a greater specific gravity than young nematodes.
Weather
December was a warm, wet month. Temperatures averaged 3.9
WANTED
OC3 WIDE TRACK TRACTOR
CARLSON MFG. KINGSTON. MASS.
»»»»»»*##**#**«»*«**** J
degrees a day above normal at East Wareham. This was the warmest December since 1957 and 5th warm- est in our records; however, about 50 miles away in Boston the tem- peratures were actually slightly be- low average. Maximum tempera- ture was 58 degrees on the 6th and minimum 11 degrees on the 17th. Warmer than average days occurred on the 3rd, 6th to 9th, 13th and 31st. Cooler than average days were the 12th, 17th to 18th and 28th to 29th.
Precipitation for the month was 7.24 inches, about 3 inches above average. There were 18 days with measurable precipitation, the largest
single storm was on the 21st to 22nd and totalled 1.46 inches. There were three Ught dustings of snow for a total of 3.3 inches which is below average.
For the year 1972, temperature averaged 0.9 of a degree a day below normal. Colder than average months were February, March, April, June, October and November. Only January and December were warmer than average. Maximum temperature was 89 degrees on July 12th and again on July 18th. Minimum was an even 0 degrees recorded on three days: January 17th, February 12th and February 23rd. Snowfall totalled only 17.8
Continued on Page 26
\JK}L
1 NEWS
♦♦!»>♦ 1 ♦♦♦t^n-i »>■»♦♦♦♦♦♦
NOT& SCOTIA
favorable and that a good percen- tage of the growers will attend this meeting.
I am sorry to report that Murray Porter has accepted a position with a large motel in the area and will be leaving for his new duties the first of February. Murray has taken a great interest in the cranberry industry and had the abiUty to keep accurate and detailed records. We wish him well in his liew venture and will certainly miss his enthusi- asm and interest in cranberries. He indicated to us that he plans to continue an interest in cranberry production.
IswjEmf
It was the third warmest Decem- ber in the forty-three years of
-ij^i^?^^ «*!,«*$?!> ^ ^^-^jiT'^ m'!^v-^f<^ji^ '^■^'*\s^^:^^m^^^^f.-y^;^^^f^<i\'»
The weather continues cold and we have less than 6 inches of snow on the level.
Cranberry growers are in for a special treat on March 8, 1973, when Dr. George Klingbeil, Exten- sion Horticuhurist Fruit Crops, Uni- versity of Wisconsin will give a special lecture on the "Cranberry Industry in Wisconsin" from 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. According to Bob Murray, Dr. Klingbeil will be in Nova Scotia the week of March 5 taking part in the strawberry pro- duction short course. During his stay, he kindly agreed to speak to our cranberry growers. It is hoped that weather conditions will be
weather recording at Pemberton. The average temperature of 40.4* was surpassed only by the Decem- bers of 1931, 1957 and 1971 and was only 1.7 degrees cooler than the record year of 1957.
The rainy trend which started in October continued through the month of December. For the .third consecutive month there was exces- sive rainfall. It rained on 19 days with a total precipitation of 6.59 inches, which is 3.51 more than normal. From October through December there has been a total of 21.97 inches of rain. This is more than 12 inches above normal for the three-month period and is more than half the normal annual rainfall
A summary of the 1972 weather shows that four months (Jan., Mar., July and Dec.) were above normal in temperature while the other eight were colder. The 51.3 degree average temperature in October was five degrees below normal and set a record for the month. The extremes
Continued on Page 13
GIL BERN AGGREGATES, INC.
Producers of SAND - GRAVEL - CRUSHED STONE
For Sand and Service that Satisfy . . . Call
PLYMPTON
585-3355
PLYMOUTH 746-6107
BRIDGEWATER
697-2288
BOSTON 361-3050
The newest and most modern plants serving South Shore and Cape Cod.
D
Issue of January 1973 / Volume 37 - No. f
FEPCA PASSES; NEW OSHA STANDARDS LOOM
At presstime the Federal Environmental Protection and Control Act (FEPCA) was on the President's desk. After months of discussion between the House Agriculture and Senate Commerce Committees, a final compromise bill was passed. On a four-year timetable EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is to estabUsh full control over pesticide use. First year— EPA will estabUsh standards for certification of appUcators and develop and make effective regula- tions for registration of manufacturing plants, permits for experimental use, and bookkeeping and records required under the act; second year— regulations on classification of pesticides into "general use" and "permit only" categories will be estabUshed and reclassification, to be completed the third year, will begin; third year— all states must complete submis- sion of plans for certification of appUcators, which EPA administrator has one year to approve or disapprove; fourth year— all applicators are to be certified and all pesticides reclassified. There are two types of appUcators— commercial and private. Com- mercial appUcator is defined as one who uses or supervises use of restricted-use pesticides for any purpose or on any property; private appUcator is one who uses or supervises use of any restricted-use pesticide on his own property or property of another without compensation.
DDT HEARINGS REOPENED
When EPA Administrator WiUiam D. Ruckelshaus banned nearly aU uses of DDT last year, he left open ! the possibility that certain minor uses to protect onions, some green peppers, and stored sweet potatoes might be reinstated if justified by submission of further evidence. Affected agricultural interests turned up plenty, and more pubUc hearings, to be conducted by EPA's new Chief Administrative Law Judge Herbert Perlmen, were scheduled for Nov. 14- Jan.9.
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
AN EVALUATION OF
DIFOLATAN
IN MASSACHUSETTS
By Bert M. Zuckerman
The efficiency of Difolatan as a fungicide on cranberries has been tested for more than seven years in Massachusetts. In 1971 Difolatan was approved for application on cranberries at high gallonage rates, and soon thereafter the chemical was in widespread use. If clearance is obtained for aerial appUcation, the use of Difolatan will broaden even further. But the picture is not a simple one, for reports of toxicity to both aquatic life and humans give promise of potential difficul- ties in the future if extreme care is not observed.
With this background, this article presents a summary of field trials during the years 1969-1972 in which Difolatan's performance was compared at different dosages and against other chemicals. Data re- lating to effects on size and color- ing of berries is also given, as is the information gathered in Massachu- setts relating to animal toxicity.
Disease Control
Examining the total rot figures in all high gallonage trials (Table 1 , Tests 1-4), it can be seen that dis- ease control by Difolatan was gen- erally better than that resulting from the use of other fungicides. The advantages that accrue from fungicide treatments are best illus- trated in Test §2, where 46.7% of the untreated berries broke down during the test period. Of the differ- ent dosage levels tested, levels as
6
Massachusetts Cranbeny Expaiment Station East Wareham, Massachusetts
low as 6-8 lbs. total/acre gave good control, thus forming the basis of our initial recommendation of 4 lbs. Difolatan/acre/ application. Keeping quality was generally very good in 1972, and the untreated berries showed little breakdown in Test #4, therefore it was not possible to dis- criminate between the effectiveness of the several rates of Difolatan tested. Though the results were slightly inconsistent in Tests #5-7, they indicate that acceptable rot control generally resuhed from both sprinkler and helicopter applica- tions.
Difolatan does not adversely af- fect berry size, as consistently in- dicated by the cup count figures. Berries treated with maneb were consistently smaller.
The results of color tests (Test §2, which indicated no retardation of red pigment formation by 6 lbs./ acre, confirm the results of similar experiments run at the Cranberry Experiment Station prior to 1969.
Thus by all of the criteria eval- uated in this 4-year study, specifi- cally 1) fruit rot control, 2) retarda- tion of color or 3) berry growth, Difolatan appears to be an excellent choice as a fungicide under Massa- chusetts conditions.
Toxicity to Animal Life
The Difolatan label contains a warning pertaining to the high tox- icity of this chemical to fish. Based
on this warning our recommenda- tions contain the statement "Do not use where chemical may con- taminate natural waterways." At this time we see no reason to alter this caution. However, two observa- tions made during the past season are pertinent to this question. First, following apphcation of Difolatan to the State Bog, polliwogs in the bog ditches died within 24 hours, but frogs (which were plentiful) did not die. And second, during the two-week period following the first application, using diving equipment and visual surface observation, the presence and condition of the fish population in Spectacle Pond in the waters contiguous to the bog canal, were monitored 2-3 times weekly. The types observed were large- mouth bass, yellow perch, blue gills, and eels. No dead fish of any type was noted, nor did their num- bers decrease in the area surveyed. During 1972, despite the widespread use of Difolatan, not a single fish kill was reported as being associated with the use of this chemical.
The toxicity of Difolatan to humans is also mentioned on the lable: specifically an allergic reac- tion has been reported by some people. We recommend that Difol- atan be handled as you would a hazardous insecticide. It is pertinent to note that no cases of allergy were reported among Massachusetts users during 1972.
Total Cup
Application Treatment Rate^ rot^ count Color*^
high gallonage Dithianon 9 7.6 111 spray (1969)
|
Maneb |
18 |
6.4 |
119 |
|||
|
Difolatan |
6 |
4.9 |
111 |
|||
|
Liquid Maneb |
18 |
7.9 |
116 |
|||
|
Untreated |
- |
13.4 |
111 |
|||
|
high gallonage |
Difolatan |
6 |
8.6 |
94 |
0 |
282 |
|
spray (1969) |
||||||
|
Difolatan |
15 |
9.3 |
96 |
0 |
218 |
|
|
Difolatan |
10 |
8.1 |
93 |
0 |
258 |
|
|
Maneb |
18 |
13.0 |
101 |
0 |
197 |
|
|
Untreated |
- |
46.7 |
99 |
0 |
286 |
|
|
high gallonage |
Maneb |
16 |
3.4 |
118 |
||
|
spray (1970) |
||||||
|
Difolatan |
6 |
3.2 |
115 |
|||
|
Liquid Ferbeim |
16 |
4.6 |
117 |
|||
|
Sorba Spray |
4 qts. |
4.3 |
116 |
|||
|
Untreated |
- |
10.5 |
119 |
|||
|
high gallonage |
Maneb |
13 |
3.1 |
97 |
||
|
spray (1972) |
||||||
|
Difolatan |
8 |
3.1 |
95 |
|||
|
Difolatan |
4 |
4.6 |
94 |
|||
|
Difolatan |
2 |
2.2 |
91 |
|||
|
Untreated |
- |
5.8 |
99 |
|||
|
Sprinkler |
Difolatan |
9 |
9.5 |
89 |
||
|
(1972) |
||||||
|
Untreated |
- |
19.6 |
91 |
|||
|
Helicopter |
Difolatan |
6 |
16.6 |
101 |
||
|
(1970) |
||||||
|
Untreated |
- |
23.8 |
96 |
|||
|
Helicopter |
Difolatan |
8 |
15.1 |
90 |
||
|
(1972) |
||||||
|
Untreated |
_ |
27.2 |
91 |
^ Each figure represents the averaged results from 5 replicates. Rate = total sunount of chemical applied, lbs. /a either 2 or 3
applications.
c
Total rot = combined harvest, after 5 weeks storage and after
10 weeks storage.
Data presented at 5 35 imi taken on a Beckman DU Spectrophotome- ter. The higher the reading the higher the red pigment content.
tankrry (irowers
CRANBERRY MACHINERY BUILT TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
• Water Picking Machines
• Sanders
• Wheel-off Rigs
• Portable Welding and Repair of all Machinery
ALSO SALES & SERVICE OF:
• Wisconsin Engines
• Briggs & Stratten
• Clinton
• Kohler
REPAIR AND INSTALLATION OF WATER PUMPS & PICKING MACHINE ENGINES
Daniel O'Connor (I.) discusses his water harvester with Jim DiBurgo
Typical Sanding Machine built by Jim's Job Shop
We are taking orders NOW for fall delivery
JIM'S JOB SHOP...
5210 Thomas Street Middleboro, Mass. 02346 Telephone 617-947-1869
Jim DiBurgo
SPOTLIGHT ON SUPPLIERS
GIL BERN AGGREGATES, INC.
Mid-winter is traditionally the most favorable period to spread sand on bogs and cranberry marshes as growers can take advantage of a thick ice cover to lay a 1/2-3/4 inch layer of sand which will filter to the bog as the ice begins to melt. The icy surface not only provides a rapid and efficient method of dis- tributing the beneficial material, but prevents vine damage were the sand to be spread on a dry bog surface.
Massachusetts has been experi- encing milder winters with shorter periods of useable ice. Thus the cur- rent cold spell finds many area growers working frantically to com- plete their annual sanding programs.
With the assistance of Gil Bern Aggregates, Inc. of Plympton, Mas- sachusetts, this important operation can be accomplished with care and reliability. Gil Bern's fleet of three dozen semi tractor-trailer units, one dozen 10-wheelers and rapid load- ing facilities delivers clean, washed, "bright" Plympton sand by care- fully controlled delivery schedules. No detail is overlooked as the 30- cubic-yard trailers deliver from Gil Bern's 200,000 ton inventory.
As shown in pictures taken at United Cape Cod Cranberry Com- pany's #3 bog in Halifax, an impres- sive sanding operation takes place. This 31-acre site is part of approx- imately 235 acres which U.C.C.C.C. plans to sand each year. To fulfill
i
^^
^.
this task, while the ice holds, Gil Bern must provide 9-hour 7-day deliveries. With the help of eight 1-1/2 yard company-built sanders and 11 men, U.C.C.C.C. recently set a record, covering 25-1/2 acres in one day and spreading 90 tons of sand per acre.
United Foreman George Andruck spearheads the year-round operation of 700 acres of cranberry producing property in 15 locations. With his 1 1 full-time men, a classic example of modern agriculture includes the sanding work mentioned, equipment maintenance and construction, bog care and fall harvesting. Transient workers (Puerto Rico) are employed and the swing to water harvesting with modern machinery is the trend. When not busy at United bogsites, George Andruck tends his own 28 acres of cranberry bogs.
Another impressive sight would include a tour of Gil Bern's grounds at which you would view the mas- sive screening, washing and sorting machine which cleans and recircu- lates the water forced through the 800 gallon-per-minute washing pump. Also to be seen on the Gil Bern site is the rapidly expanding pre-stressed concrete manufacturing facility. Growers wishing further information on sand delivery or desiring a tour of the area should contact Mr. Irving "Sonny" Minott, Jr. at 617-585-3355.
^^M,
m^m
Sand buggy moving to sanding area
Sand is unloaded at U.C.C.C.C. bogsite.
PHOTOS BY WILFRED RANDALL
JO
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries
465 —Encouraging the Bunnble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 -Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 -Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 -Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 -Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 -Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1166 -New Jersey Research Center at Oswego
1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 -Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25
JANUARY 1948
Special warning was sent out in early January by Cranberry Spec- ialist Beattie to Massachusetts grow- ers to be on guard against oxygen deficiency in the bogs. According to Dr. Bergman, winter conditions which had prevailed in late Decem- ber and at the start of January had been such that the oxygen content under winter flood on many bogs had become dangerously low. Growers were urged to check the content carefully to learn whether or not their property was reaching the danger point, which is 4cc per liter.
Miss Jean Nash of Wisconsin Rapids, the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Guy Nash, who oper- ates the Biron Cranberry Company, established by her father, has been elected president of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company. She is the first woman ever to hold this office, and is the first of her sex to head a cranberry cooperative in the country. She succeeds William F. Huffman, who has been nomin- ated for a one-year term on the board of directors of the American Cranberry Exchange.
The Hammonds of Wisconsin, "Del" and ''Marge", were expect- ing to leave during the first half of January for a trip to New York to visit American Cranberry Exchange headquarters, to the cranberry sec- tion of New Jersey, and then into southeastern Massachusetts, of which they are natives. Their parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. D. Ham- mond, Sr., of Onset, Mass., were expected to arrive at Wisconsin Rapids over the holidays and would take care of the three small Hammonds.
A younger Cape Cod grower is sure of future in bringing back old bogs. He is G. Everett Howes, descendant of Henry Hall who pioneered cultivation. He feels Cape prospects still bright if own- ers will only put time and money in the properties. He has just been made Chairman of Soil Conserva- tion District in Barnstable County.
Santa Claus arrived by helicopter at three towns in Massachusetts this year through the courtesy of National Cranberry Association. One was the annual Christmas party given by M. L. Urann for all children in the first and second grades and under in Hanson, Hali- fax and Pembroke, at the NCA Hanson plant.
Cape Cod cranberry queen, Sharon Casey, made three flights in the "Ocean Sprayer" helicopter, delivering autographed copies of a cranberry picture story in the Sat- urday Evening Post to town and city officials December 30 and 31. To the officials she also presented Christmas gifts of Ocean Spray cranberry products.
12
The A.C.G.A. Executive Com- mittee of New Jersey met at the Cranberry and Blueberry Labora- tory on December 15 to draw up plans for the Annual Meeting on January 31, 1948, and to act on any other necessary business. As is the custom, the Annual Meeting will be held in Camden at the Walt Whitman Hotel, starting at 10:30 A.M.
The 16th Annual Blueberry Open House of the New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Re- search Laboratory was held on December 20th at Pemberton with Charles A. Doehlert as chairman Over 100 blueberry growers and other persons interested in blue- berry culture attended.
We note from ACE's "Cran- berry World" that Vernon Golds- worthy, ACE director, personally presented a box of "Eatmor" to the acting governor of Wisconsin, and also a box to Wisconsin Sena- tor Alexander Wiley. "Goldy" always manages to get around- particularly in any cranberry in- dustry. Good cranberry publicity! Once he presented a box to then Vice-President Henry A. Wallace.
We welcome the Oregon Gls at- tending the cranberry school at Bandon, who subscribed to CRAN- BERRIES as a group.
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Continued from Page 4
in temperature for the year were 95- on July 19 and July 23, and 40" on January 16. An unusual heat wave occurred from July 14 through July 24. A string of 1 1 consecutive 90 degree days was the second longest ever recorded here. The record is 13 days from July 12 through July 24 in 1952. The aver- age mean daily temperature for the entire year was 52.7° which is 1.2° colder than normal.
Rain was below normal in five of the months (Jan., Mar., July, Aug. and Sept.), while it was much above average in the remaining seven months. Record rainfall oc- curred in November when 9.09 inches occurred, setting a record for that month. The total annual rain- fall in 1972 was 56.25 which is 13.06 more than normal. This was the second rainiest year in forty- three years. The record is 60.01 inches in 1958. Despite the excess of rain during the year there was actually a "mini-drought" during the summer. Following heavier-than- normal amounts in April, May and June, the months of July, August and September were lighter than average, with a very severe dry period from July 27 to August 26 during which time only 0. 1 5 inches of rain fell. The deficiency during the three-month period was close to five inches.
As usual weather had very im- portant effects on the blueberry and cranberry crops. The heavy rain during the blossoming period of blueberries was unfavorable for pollination and caused ruinous in- fections of fungus diseases. Botrytis disease on the blossoms and anthrac- nose on the fruit were very destruc- tive in many fields. The heavy rain in spring and early summer, fol- lowed by the drought in late sum- mer, brought about leaching of the fertilizer and poor conditions for formation of fruit buds. As a result many blueberry fields, particularly those where good pruning is not practiced, have a poor set of buds
for the 1973 crop. Cool, wet weather during June also adversely affected the pollination of the cran- berry crop. The cool weather of September and the abnormally cold weather of October was favorable for good coloration of berries. Fruit bud set of cranberries appears to be normal.
WASBINBTON
m 11 1 1 >#• 11 1 ♦ I #♦•*♦»♦»♦
The biggest question now is "How has the unusually cold weather touched the cranberry crop for next year?" Bud checks are being made from all Washington areas, and results will begin to show as the spring comes along.
The record recordings for this area gave a 0° F on the 8th, with a -5° in the bog. Separate readings in Long Beach area had -10° and Gray- land area commented with a -15° so these record lows will have some bearing on the cranberry crop for 1973. The high for the month was 55° on the 19th.
Total precipitation amounted to 15.80 inches with the greatest storm on the 21st with 2.77 inches in previous 24 hour period.
Cold east winds are now drying the area and several Long Beach growers have used their sprinklers to provide moisture. Others have not been able to run sprinklers due to low temperatures, others feel there is no need. There will be many things that this winter season . will show the researchers and grow- ers in Washington.
XmJImAJUJUJUJUA
V i> V ■* * 4 I 4 _ _ , _ w w _
OKEOON
As promised at the last growers' meeting, I have been checking into the feasibihty of substituting a dry- lime sulfur powder in place of the regular liquid Hme-sulfur dormant spray. Results so far are such that I cannot recommend this dry material at the present time. A letter on the subject will be sent to growers as soon as several remaining problems are worked out.
Calcium for Bogs
The only reason for applying any kind of lime or gypsum to a bog is to supply calcium to the vines. When the bog soil test shows that calcium is needed, there are several choices as to what to use to supply this important nutrient element. But Continued on Page 16
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13
J|»RM BWHEAUIEDERAnoaL^
Automobile insurance renewals are effective now. Farm Family re- minds you that your vehicle in- surance is automatically renewed with the same coverage as in 1972, unless you made prior arrangements. If you desire a change in your auto insurance for 1973, it's important that you contact your Farm Family insurance service agent right away.
It's a good idea to review your total insurance picture at this time of year anyway. Many exciting new things are happening at Farm Fam- ily, and you ought to keep up. Why not make an appointment with your Farm Family representative, and put one of these cold, winter nights to good use.
Yes, income tax help is available to Mass. Farm Bureau members. The name of the service has been changed to North East Farm Bureau Records Management Service, but the quahty of the service hasn't changed. The identical qualified people who helped so many hun- dreds of farmers in past years are still there for your benefit.
Like to hear more about the in- come tax preparation service? It's easy. Call the state Farm Bureau office in Waltham (617) 893-2600, and leave your name. You'll be con- tacted personally by return phone call.
Many farmers were caught short with the cancellation of the FHA emergency loan program. At the moment this program is in the hands of the members of Congress. If you feel they ought to do something about it, why not write and tell them so. In order for Congress to respond to the will of the people it must first hear from the people. That means a letter (or telegram) from you. 14
President William J. Kuhfuss of the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion has accepted our invitation to address the 1973 annual MFBF meeting. Mr. Kuhfuss is a most capable and dynamic speaker, and his presence will add much prestige to our convention.
Legislation on farmland assess- ment is in the drafting stage. Sen- ator Fred Schlosstein of Warren, Chairman of the Committee on Tax- ation, is working closely with the committee to ensure a workable bill. The question of tax rollback in the bill is a difficult one, since the purpose of the bill would be to encourage farmers to remain in farming without actually forcing them. To achieve this without leav- ing the door open to land specula- tors won't be easy. Hopefully, the final draft will be on the Governor's desk by late January.
1973 membership figures are en- couraging, as County Chairmen re- port the latest figures: Norfolk leads with 91.6 percent of quota, Wor- cester next with 87.8 percent of quota, and Middlesex is third with 86.3 percent of quota. Essex has
85.3 percent. Cape Cod has 83.6 percent, Berkshire has 82.9 percent, Hampshire has 81.6 percent, Bristol has 80.7 percent, Plymouth has
80.4 percent, Franklin has 77.5 per- cent and Hampden has 76.1 percent of quota. Statewide, our average now stands at 84.6 percent of quota.
Percentages are nice, but people are nicer. And the people who keep Farm Bureau strong are those who understand why it's so important to pay their dues, so we can get onto the really meaningful part of our work . . . helping farmers!
oooooooooBoeai
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CRANBERRY CAKE FOR YOUR "FIRST FAMILY"
February at last! And after the January blahs, here are some things to look forward to: Lincoln's Birth- day (the 12th), Washington's Birth- day (the 19th) and our festive Presidential Seal Cake to deliciously commemorate these hoUdays.
This family-pleasing dessert is made with traditional cranberries. Yes, that's right— cranberries. The bouncy little berry actually predates Lincoln and Washington, since the American Indians enjoyed it even before the Pilgrims set foot on Plymouth Rock. And this easy-to- make recipe, we might add, provides a refreshing seasonal alternative to cherry pie.
We've decorated our cake with a likeness of The Presidential Seal (easily done with a pastry tube) and are serving it with a brimming pitcher of cranberry punch (made by mixing cranberry juice cocktail juice cocktail with ginger ale and adding twists of lemon).
So here's to February! And here- with the recipe for our tribute to one of the kinder months of winter.
until top of cake is lightly browned. Cool in pan and then cut into squares to serve. If desired, serve with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. To make cake easier to remove from pan to place on a platter, line pan with foil before filling with cake batter then grease foil and fill pan as above.
CRANBERRY CELEBRATION PUNCH
(Makes 6 servings about one cup each)
1 bottle (32 ounces) cranberry juice cocktail, chilled
2 bottles (7 ounces each) ginger ale, chilled
3 tablespoons lemon juice
Just before serving, stir together all ingredients; pour pver ice in pitcher or bowL Garnish with lemon peel if desired.
PRESIDENTIAL SEAL CAKE
(Makes 1, 9 x 13 inch cake)
1-1/4 cups butter or margarine
1-1/4 cups sugar
4 eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla
3 cups sifted all-purpose flour
1 large jar (2 pounds, 3 ounces)
applesauce 1 cup (1,8 ounce can) Ocean Spray
whole berry cranberry sauce 1/2 cup chopped pitted dates 1/2 cup chopped nuts
Cream butter until light and fluffy. GraduaUy stir in sugar. Beat in eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in vanilla and flour. Reserve IVi cups of the batter for the top decoration. Spread remaining batter into a greased 9 X 13 X 2 inch baking pan. Mix apple- sauce, cranberry sauce, dates and nuts. Spread mixture evenly over batter. Place reserved batter into a pastry bag with a star tip. Pipe batter around outer edge of cake. Pipe a large circle in center of cake. Pipe the outhne of an eagle in center of circle. If desired, to guide your pastry bag, mark the design on top of cake with a toothpick, then follow markings. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (375° F.) for 35 to 40 minutes or
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DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571
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STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
inches which is only 2/3 of average with no large storms.
Precipitation was the big story in 1972. We recorded a total of 73.94 inches for the year. This is 27.06 inches above our normal and broke our previous record, set in 1953, by over 1 1 inches. The largest single storm was Tropical Storm Doria on September 3rd which dropped 8.89 inches on us, a record also. However, this was the only very large storm during the year. The precipitation came in small amounts but very often as evidenced by the fact that we only received 50 percent of total sunshine, a record low.
Following is a month-by-month listing of precipitation:
January 2.76*, February 5.74, March 5.37, April 5.00, May 6.25, June 8.83, July 3.7 1 , August 3.28*, September 14.56t, October 3.32, November 7.88, December 7.24, total 73.94.
* Below noimal I New record
Club Meetings
The tentative dates for the 1973 Cranberry Club Meetings are as follows:
Barnstable County:
Barnstable-Feb. 14, 7:30 P.M. Barnstable-Udit. 22, 7:30 P.M.
Plymouth County:
Kingston-? Qh. 13, 7:30 P.M. Rochester-¥eh. 14, 2:00 P.M. Kingston-UdiX. 20, 7:30 P.M. Rochester-Mai. 21, 2:00 P.M.
OREGON
Continued from Page 13 there are also some important con- siderations to make before a calcium containing fertilizer is applied. The first consideration should be for pH or bog soil acidity.
When bog pH is 5.4 or higher, I say keep the lime off and use only gypsum if calcium is needed. Some local bogs have already had too much lime on them and pH readings are approaching 6.0 on a few of the newer, sandier bogs. Gypsum will 16
not make soil less acid, so it does not promote the hazard of creating potential vine nutritional problems that a less acid bog soil could cause.
When bog pH is 5.3 or lower then 1 would have to agree that either lime or gypsum could be ap- plied to a bog if the soil test shows that additional calcium is needed. This year I will write soil test recom- mendations for gypsum plus for at least two types of lime if soil con- ditions so warrant. Then where cal- cium is needed with a pH 5.3 or lower, bog applications can be made according to spreading equipment available and cost of material. It is hoped that this option of different calcium containing materials will provide flexibility where it wasn't so evident before.
wiscoNsiN
The winter season got off to an unusually severe and early start in Wisconsin this year as temperatures during the first half of December averaged down around the zero de- gree mark over much of the State. Along with the cold temperatures, winds were often strong. This re- sulted in low chill factor tempera- tures and a rapid heat loss from
soils and surface waters in spite of the protective snow cover. Clear skies and low humidities likewise added to the cooling by increasing heat losses due to outgoing radia- tion and evaporation. Ice cover on the Great Lakes and the Mississippi is therefore much above normal for mid-December. Among the lowest temperatures recorded during the past two weeks were -36° at Hatfield Dam, near Black River Falls on the 7th, and -26° at Lone Rock on the 11th. Precipitation consisted of numerous light snowfalls during the first 10 days of December and one moderate to heavy fall on Decem- ber 1 1 and 12 when up to 10 inches of snow fell in some central coun- ties. The northwest counties re- ceived no snow from this storm, while some freezing rain and sleet was mixed in with the snow in the southeast.
Rain and above freezing tem- peratures in the last half of Decem- ber and the first few days of the New Year melted the snow cover in the southern part of Wisconsin. While the south was receiving rain, the north had several inches of snow along with some rain. As of January 12, the snow depth in Wis- consin averaged 9 inches compared with 6Vi inches a year ago. Most of Continued on Page 20
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INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 Ulus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products . . . Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and IManagement
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents (A this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY WARREN ANDERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance.
Agricultural Engines Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED.
By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California
and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California
671 pages, 6x9, 171 illus., $15.50
Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides — selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects.
SiMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agricuhure. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover- age of vthe latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALKER, Univ. of H^is. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
17
DRYING SOIL TESTS
By David Keir County Extension Agent
Several cranberry growers have asked about the best procedure for drying bog soil tests before shipping them to the laboratory in CorvalUs. I have found that with fairly wet samples, they should be air-dried for several days before being bagged. To do this, spread all the soil in the sample out on clean paper. Then dry at room temperature until the sample is comparatively free of moisture. Bog soil samples do not have to be bone dry, however, and can be sent to the testing laboratory even when they still feel damp.
The main reasons for drying soil samples are tied to physical handling of samples and not to possible chem- ical changes that would throw off readings. Soil samples that contain free water or considerable moisture are liable to break through the sample bags in shipment and become mixed together. This, of course, would not keep test results on an individual bog basis. A second prob- lem with wet soil samples is that they will mold if there is much organic matter or peat in them. Mold could influence the soil acidity test and also makes samples harder to handle at the laboratory.
Wisconsin Buds Sent Here
Thanks to Mr. Vernon Golds- worthy, President of Cranberry Products, Inc., of Eagle River, Wis- consin, I was able to obtain a large sample of uprights from his com- pany's bogs. According to Mr.
Goldsworthy, the vines he sent to me had not been flooded for the winter when they were cut in mid- December. Consequently, they had been subjected to many days of below zero weather that plunged to as low as 30 degrees below zero F. By these temperatures, I think it is safe to assume that the Wisconsin vine sample had experienced much colder temperatures than those our vines went through during the Dec- ember cold spell.
A preliminary check of a few of the Wisconsin buds has revealed that some did suffer from the cold and so are now showing winter damage. But the Wisconsin bud damage i* far different from the winter damage found in Oregon cranberry buds. Most Wisconsin buds that are damaged obviously show freeze damage but our dam- aged buds do not. When a Wiscon- sin bud is injured, the whole interior of that bud is usually brown and dead. In contrast, a damaged Ore- gon bud usually has some but not all flower parts brown or perhaps shows only small dark spots on portions of the interior bud tissue. This contrast between the two cran- berry growing areas in appearance of bud damage certainly makes one wonder what can be causing damage to Oregon buds if only a portion of it is due to low temperatures. When viewed under the microscope, the stark differences in type of winter bud injury make one want to look for some other primary cause of our damage.
NEW TEMPERATURE/ POWER MONITOR
New from Mack Electric Devices, Inc., Wyncote, Pa., is the Tempera- ture/Power Monitor, designed to accurately and reliably monitor liquid or air temperature and pro- vide an audible and visual indication of power failure. A separate dis- tinguishable audible and visual indi- cation is provided for safe or dangerous temperature.
A unique feature of the Mack Temperature/Power Monitor is a rechargeable Nickel-Cadmium bat- tery pack with built-in charging system which assures a continued source of power to actuate the warning system in the event of failure of the normal AC power.
Additional features include solid- state circuitry, and a sensor preset to meet requirements. The sensor is available encapsulated in stainless steel to permit direct contact with liquid or air or total immersion of sensor.
Literature and prices are available from Mack Electric Devices, Inc., 211 Glenside Avenue, Wyncote, Pa. 19095.
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24
»»*»^*«
►*»***^^»*^^^»^***#**'*^ I
Edward V. Lipman (right) of New Brunswick, immediate past president of the State Board of Agriculture, accepts a plaque commending him for his four years of service on the Board from the present president, William H. Plenge of Asbury. The plaque was presented during the annual dinner for official delegates to the State Agricultural Convention during New Jersey Farmers Week.
an expert keypunch operatQC Igotona"
(Ralph D. Fragola, Data Processing Manager, Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics.)
A handicapped person is not a handicapped worker.
19
WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 16
this snow is concentrated in the northern two-thirds of the State where depths range up to two feet. A period of cold weather from January 4-11 saw temperatures at night falling well below zero in the north and below or near zero in the south. The cold weather increased frost depths substantially in the southern area of Wisconsin where frost has now penetrated as much as Ih^ feet. Statewide the frost depth as of January 12 averaged six inches, about comparable to last year at that date.
ANNUAL BLUEBERRY OPEN HOUSE
February 1, 1973 - 1:15 P. H .
BURLINGTON COUNTY AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AUDITORIUM
Extension Service Building - 49 Rancocaa Rd.
Mount Holly, N.J.
A Survey of Biui Myron Flint,
PROGRAM
-ry Acreage and Production in New Jersey, r., N. J. Crop Reporting Service
1:50 to 2:10
2:10 to 2:30
2:30 to 2:50
2:50 to 3:10
A New Method of Cleaning Mechanically Harvested Berries
Harold Carpenter , Rutgers University
Blueberry Research in Fruit Setting Chemicals, Fertilizers and Cultural Methods, Dr. Paul Eck, Rutgers University
Blueberry Anthracnose Fruit Rot, Past, Present and Future. Dr. Allan Stretch, Rutgers University, U. S. D. A.
Pollination emd Irtsect Control in Blueberries. . .Philip E. Marucci, Cranberry and Blueberry Research lab, Rutgers University
WILLIAM J. ANDERSON
Mr. William J. Anderson, the husband of Linnea E. (Wainio) An- derson, died Jan. 11 in the Baker Memorial Hospital, Boston, follow- ing a long illness. For some 40 years he owned Anderson Used Cars and Parts Co. as well as a cranberry bog in the area. He was a lifelong King- ston, Mass. resident and attended Kingston schools.
He is survived by his widow, two sisters, Mrs. Aili Douglas and Mrs. Hilda Freyermuth, both of King- ston; two aunts, Mrs. Margaret An- derson of Pembroke and Mrs. Hihna Maki of Kelso, Wash., and several nieces and nephews.
Mr. Anderson's mother, 88 years of age, died two days previous.
Opening doors
for the handicapped involves more
than just being polite.
Hre the handKapped.
3:10 to 3:30 Weed Control in Blueberries ... Dr . John Meade, Rutgers University
3:30 to 3:50
Promotional Activities of the North American Blueberry Council. Phil Sheridan, Executive Secretary NABC
PARKING
You will find all-day parking in the lower Municipal Parking Lot. You may park in this lot with no problems . The upper Municipal Parking Lot permits only two-hour parking. This parking lot is located across the street from the County Building.
PUBLIC ADVERTISING SYSTEM A DIVISION OF THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS
20
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CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 Ken Beaton - 295-2207 |
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The Crisafulli Pump • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE TREATED ACREAGE • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. • WATERHOLE FILLING •WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR • AUXILIARY UNIT The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The pump unit can be hitched to a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. |
Service Specializing in: • DITCHING • COMPLETE BOG MANAGEMENT • SANDING • HARVESTING (Wet and Dry) • NETTING • WEED CLIPPING |
% semo tlie WISCflNSIH greweps %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS ..... 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I wiU give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Qanbenry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
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Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
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Address
City
( ] One Year $5.00
State.
Zip-
[ ] 2 Years $8.00
Mail to: CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
i rK^!S,*-
V\/hen
Yoo Ans^^*'
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2.4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
^ ^— J
Massachusetts
New Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashingtan
Canada
I'ARY
THE NATIONAL CRANB^RV IVI/XSAZINE
V '
;/,,^ UN!V. OF H^<^Q
I
lis
It FEBRUARY 1973
BRIGHT FUTURE PREDICTED 1
EFFECT OF CONTINUED CASORON
TREATMENTS 6
MASSACHUSETTS FARM BUREAU 14
UNIV OF rvASS AV.HCHST V^S3 CIZOS
-^ BIBECTOBY IDP cranlieppy growers -^
Complete Line of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Helicopter Application By ''Whitey" of Plymouth Copters, Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. Middleboro, AAass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
Electricity - icey to progress
( '^<v»'»'#s»'#s»v»s»s»v»s»s»^s#s»s»^si
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
>*v»s»^s»>r^<s«s»^>»»#^^^J
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS; Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
RUTGERS' DEAN HESS CALLS FARMLAND ASSESSMENT SUCCESS
The Farmland Assessment Amendment to the State Constitu- tion, overwhehningly supported by the voters in 1963, has been a dramatic success, according to Charles E. Hess, dean of the Rutgers College of Agriculture and Environ- mental Science.
Graphic data prepared by the Department of Agricultural Eco- nomics and Marketing show the loss of farmland has been reduced from 66,000 acres a year just prior to the referendum to 10,000 acres during the last three years.
Over one million acres still re- main in active farm use in New Jersey representing approximately 20% of the total land area, a sizable achievement in itself, Dr. Hess continued.
In challenging the recent report issued by the Center for the Analysis of Public Issues, Dean Hess stated that it failed to recognize the original intent of the legislation which was to relieve active farmland from an existing inequitable tax burden that has been in use histori- cally to provide community services, such as schools, police protection, streets, etc.
Under current reliance upon property tax, which the Center's
study essentially ignored. Dr. Hess maintained that the farming com- munity, even under Farmland As- sessment Act, is subsidizing the nonfarm community for the delivery of services.
The Dean further emphasized the gross unfairness of the Center's findings in its attempt to character- ize a reduction of an inequity as a "welfare subsidy." When farms are taxed at the rate of developed levels, farmers have no other choice but to sell.
Dean Hess pointed out that despite the recognition that the Act cannot ensure the long-term preser- vation of farmland, it did halt the extravagant loss of farmland and provided the time necessary for the development of proposals for long- range solutions.
If, as the Center's report revealed, only 10% of the land qualifying under the Farmland Assessment Act is owned by the investor-speculator. Dean Hess stated that, on a state- wide basis, this is not too high a price to pay for the sharp reduction of loss of farmland.
Cooperating with other public and private interests, the college, according to Dean Hess, has worked closely with the Governor's Blue- print Commission on the Future of New Jersey Agriculture in organizing alternative procedures for land use.
CRANBERRY OFFICIALS SEE BRIGHT FUTURE
Encouraging reports on the fu- ture of the cranberry industry were given by Ocean Spray officials when they met recently with local grow- ers in Ilwaco, Washington.
The visiting officials from the East Coast predicted continued im- provements in earnings for the co- op. They outlined new production developments, new products, and plans for increasing the demand for all cranberry products.
Robert Lucas, West Coast man- ager, was commended for a recent achievement of the Markham plant in setting a new production record. It produced 9199 cases of 48-ounce bottles of cranberry cocktail in a 7-1/2 hour shift. This was twice the production of two years ago and more than any other plant has ever run.
Tuesday, the cranberry growers were called to a public hearing on proposed amendments to the cran- berry marketing agreement of the Department of Agriculture. Seven changes in the marketing order were presented and all testimony favored the amendments.
Continued on Page 16
♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ MMMMMMMMMMt»MMMMMM»MMMM«MM»»MM»MMM«MMM»
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
We have the experience that guarantees you even water pressure and water supply throughout your bog. Our "MOLE" method of laying P E flexible plastic pipe leaves only a knife edge cut on the bog. We are recommending buried PVC semi-rigid plastic pipe for main lines. We are using saddles that fit PVC pipe for lateral take offs that do away with tees and twisted laterals to meet joints. Frankly, we do the best installation possible and our prices are competitive.
Sure, we make installations with aluminum main lines; and we rebuild sprinkler systems; and we take trade-ins of aluminum pipe; and we sell Rainbird sprinklers, Ames-Lock wood irrigation systems, and quick coupling risers. We also design sprinkler systems.
We have room in our spring schedules for cranberry bog installations — Call us. 1—61 7-824-5607.
CHARLES W. HARRIS CO., INC.
451 Old Somerset Ave., North Dighton, Mass. 02764 Warehouse at 452 Somerset Ave., Route 138
c^^^cAfH^ftt'
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMEN DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
NEW FOR WET PICKING
• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN t5 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE
IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES
• NO WRENCHES
• NO THREADS
• LABOR SAVING
^^v:-':-;,,w.,,. '^"■^^[.jimikMm^i
4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING
• ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES
• HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS
COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
S Fiem Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Prof. Stan Norton attended the Annual Technical Committee Meet- ing of NE-44 at Cornell University in Ithaca, N. Y. from January 8 to 10. This is a regional project on mechanical harvesting of fruits and vegetables and Stan is the Massachu- setts member of the committee.
Dr. Karl Deubert was invited to attend the organizational meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia from January 15 to 18.
Dr. Robert Devlin attended the Technical Committee Meeting of NE-55 in New York city on January 8. This is a regional project on aquatic weed control in the North- eastern Region.
Dr. Robert DevHn attended the Northeastern Weed Control Con- ference held in New York city from January 9 to 11. Bob pre- sented two papers at the conference. One was "Influence of Devrinol (R-7465) on Cranberry Vine Growth and Crop." This paper summarized work with one of the new herbi- cides that appears promising on cranberries. The other paper was "Influence of Phenoxy Growth Regulators on the Uptake of Nap- talam by Potamogeton pectinatus." This presented data showing that treatment of Sago pond weed with small quantities of 2,4-D increased the uptake of alanap by these aquatic plants.
Drs. Zuckerman and Kisiel along with Mrs. Barbara Nelson have a paper published in Volume 18 of Nematologica. The title is "Effects of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors on Caenorhabditis briggsae and Tur- batrix aceti."
Weather
January was slightly on the warm side averaging 0.7 degrees a day above normal, but it was a month of temperature contrasts with the first week warm, 2nd week cold, 3rd and 4th weeks warm and the last two days cold. Maximum temperature was 55 de- grees on the 1st and minimum 3 degrees on both the 8th and 9th. Warmer than average periods oc- curred on the 1st, 4th and 5th, 15th through 20tb, and 22nd through 29th. Cooler than average periods were the 6th through 13th and 30th to 31st.
Precipitation was 2.25 inches, slightly more than 2 inches below
normal for January. There was measurable precipitation on only 9 days with the largest storm, 0.72, on the 28th to 29th. Snowfall was only 2^/z inches, occurring on two days which is only 1/3 of normal.
Charts
The cranberry pesticide charts have been revised and are at the printers. We hope to have them out to the growers by the 1st week in March. The assistance and observa- tions of the growers who helped with the chart revisions are always greatly appreciated. The fertilizer chart was not revised this year so growers should not discard their copy. We have a supply of these
Continued on Page 16
r VW V V V
NEW JERSEY
The mild, wet trend of weather of the last quarter of 1972 con- tinued through the first month of 1973. For the fourth consecutive month rainfall was above normal. The total rain in January was 3.98 inches, which is 0.8 1 inches above normal. Since October there has been a total of 25.95 inches of rain. This is thirteen inches above normal for the four-month period.
The temperature, for the second consecutive month, was above nor- . mal, averaging 34.0, which is only one degree above normal for the month. However, several aknost balmy days occurred, with four days reaching the fifty-degree range
and four going into the sixties. Extremes in temperature ranged from 65 degrees on January 18th to 9 degrees on the 11th.
No snow has fallen so far this winter. This is the first time in the forty-three year weather-recording history at the New Lisbon Weather Station that some snow has not fallen in December and January. There have been five previous win- ters in which some snow fell in December but none in January. These were 1931, 1933, 1934, 1937, and 1962.
Those expecting a continuation of the mild winter with Uttle snow for the rest of the period would find little justification in the records. It is interesting to note that in the five previous years of snowless Janu- aries the winter in regard to tem-
perature was about normal in one of the years (1931), much above normal in two (1933 and 1937) and much below normal in two (1934 and 1962). In three of the five years the total snow for the entire winter was above normal. Following the snowless January of 1934 the most severe winter month ever occurred at New Lisbon. In February 1934, the temperature averaged only 18 degrees, which is 16.70 below normal and by far the coldest month ever recorded. The all-time low temperature of 17 de- grees below zero was experienced on February 9th of that year and there were seven other days with below-zero readings in the month. During that month some of the highest snowdrifts ever seen in Burlington County plagued residents as a total of 24.4 inches fell on nine snowy days.
Continued on Page 13
GIL BERN AGGREGATES, INC.
Producers of SAND - GRAVEL - CRUSHED STONE
For Sand and Service that Satisfy . . . Call
PLYMPTON
585-3355
PLYMOUTH 746-6107
BRIDGEWATER
697-2288
BOSTON 361-3050
The newest and most modern plants serving South Shore and Cape Cod
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Issueof February 1973 / Volume 37 - No.
WEATHER OR NOT
Keep your eye on weather modification as a major issue for agriculture in the next few years. Techniques for changing weather, mainly by increasing rain or snow, are becoming more sophisticated. The Russians claim to have suppressed hail damage by shooting silver iodide into storm clouds via radar directed artillery projectiles. Weather scientists are becoming more informed about the abnormal precipitation in areas downwind of industrial complexes that emit heat and effluents. Several governmental and uni- versity groups are studying the feasibility of modifying weather in certain geographic areas.
Residents of the Midwest are interested in reports that the weather over the Great Lakes could be manipulated. Weather modification is fraught with conflict, however. The heavy rain that improves one grower's corn yields and fills a depleted city reservoir can be the same rain that floods out another grower and ruins the recreational activities of thousands of people.
Everybody, without exception, has a stake in weather modification. We must continue to ask: what impact will precipitation changes have on crop growth and agricultural economy.
NEW LAW
The controversial Michigan Agricultural Marketing and Bargaining Act (Zollar Bill) has been passed and signed into law in Michigan. The far-reaching new law authorizes a majority of producers of perishable fruits and vegetables, if they produce one-half of the state's crop of a commodity, to vote mandatory collective price-setting and marketing controls. Among the dissenters was Rep. Melvin DeStiger, R-Hud- sonville ("celery country"), who claimed passage would bring dictatorship over small growers and result in higher food prices. Michigan food processors also opposed the bill.
- Vegetable Grower
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. ^.^.^^^.^.^^.^.^.^.^■^■^.^•.^.^.^.^■^■^■^■^.^^.^■^■^•^^^■^■^■^■^■^■^
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, IVIass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5(W per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
EFFECTS OF CONTINUED CASORON TREATMENTS
By IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE
and
ROBERT M. DEVLIN
Since 1964, when Federal ap- proval was granted for its use on cranberries, casoron has been our best herbicide based on overall per- formance. Its advantages include: growth inhibition of several weed species, especially cut grass and nut grass, for a period of about 12 weeks; control of a larger number of weed species than exhibited by competitive herbicides; and applica- tions that can be made in either early spring or late fall that result in good weed control (1). In fact, ap- plications on snow covered bogs have been extremely effective.
There were, however, two serious deficiencies affecting the perform- ance of this herbicide. One was the very narrow safety margin between injury to the cranberry vines and ef- fective weed control. Any overlaps or uneven appUcation caused serious damage. This was overcome by de- velopment of uniform application techniques and the manufacture of a near uniform product.
The second problem did not pre- sent itself immediately, but began as a suspicion and then a growing certainty that continued use of cas- oron on the same areas for two and three years was adversely affecting the vines. The symptoms were brit- tle and easily broken stems, grad- ually diminishing numbers of up- rights, shortened new growth and almost complete inhibition of run- ners. The remaining uprights were weak and spindly giving the bog an appearance of being sparsely vined in. Growers became concerned and discontinued casoron treatments. Fortunately, another herbicide.
(morcran) was discovered and ap- proved for use which gave com- parable results on several of the major weed species and allowed the cranberry vines to revert to a more active growth habit. However, after a few years of this treatment some troublesome weeds that were not controlled by morcran, such as asters and ferns, had populations build up to a point where casoron treatment became necessary.
Tests were started in 1965 to determine the effects of long-term continuous applications of casoron
on cranberries. Plots were designed as long, narrow rectangles of 1/2 square rod in areas that were amen- able to machine harvest. Casoron was applied either in the spring or fall to the same areas at rates of 75 or 100 pounds per acre of 4% gran- ules for eight consecutive years from 1965 through 1972. The variety used was Early Black and plots were replicated three times.
Results
The effects of various treatments on yield, quahty and fruit size are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Yield, Quality and Size of Cranberries for Various Casoron Treatments.
|
Treatment |
Yield^ Bbl/A |
Quality^ % rot |
Size^ cup count |
|
Control (no casoron) |
57.7** |
9.3 |
108.6 |
|
Spring - 75 lb/A |
73.3 |
10.3 |
103.4* |
|
Fall - 75 lb/A |
56.2** |
11.0 |
106.7 |
|
Spring- 100 lb/A |
60.6* |
11.4* |
104.5* |
|
Fall- 100 lb/ A |
53.5** |
11.1* |
106.1 |
|
LSD^ at 5% |
11.0 |
1.7 |
4.0 |
|
LSD^ at 1% |
14.5 |
2.3 |
5.2 |
a = Average of data for eight years * = Significant difference at 5% ** = Significant difference at 1% b = Lease significant difference
Yields from plots receiving cas- oron at 75 pounds per acre in the spring (applied between April 10 and April 16 each season) were sig- nificantly higher than all other treat- ments. This treatment consistently produced the highest yield each year from the third year to the end of the experiment (1967 through 1972.)
The effect of resanding on pro- duction is shown when the yearly data is examined. The area where the plots were located was resanded in the fall of 1963 and then again in the fall of 1968. Crops in 1967 and 1968 declined by 29% compared with previous years; after the re- sanding, crops in 1969 and 1970 increased by 25% or nearly up to pre 1967 level regardless of herbi- cide treatment.
Fruit quality as designated in this experiment consisted of both field and storage breakdown. The fruit was harvested and placed in common storage until there was an opportunity for screening. Storage period was 3 to 4 weeks. Berries from treated plots had a higher per- centage of rotten berries than from untreated plots. The differences were small, in the order of 1 to 4 percent, but consistent year after year. The breakdown increased as the amount of casoron applied in- creased regardless of season of ap- plication. The 75 pound per acre rate was significantly higher than the control at the 5% level and the 100 pound per acre rate significant at the 1% level. It has been noted previously (2, 3) that casoron in- creased red pigment in cranberries
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
which may indicate an acceleration in maturity; therefore, perhaps a more rapid breakdown in storage also.
Berries from casoron treated plots were slightly larger than those from untreated plots regardless of which rate was used. However, it was the spring treatments rather than fall treatments that resulted in larger berries from a statistical point of view.
Physical Appearance
The only treated plots that main- tained a reasonable vine cover were the ones treated in the spring at the rate of 75 pounds per acre. AU other treated areas were sparsely vined and this effect was easily observable by the third year of application and became more pronounced each year.
Nut grass, aster (blue and white flowered), summer grass and hairy panic grass were the weeds present at the start of the experiment. Hairy
panic grass was not controlled in any plot and was particularly notice- able in the plots where vine cover was thin. The nut grass, asters and summer grass control was excellent at all rates and times and by the third or fourth year regrowth of these weeds during the latter part of the growing season could not be observed.
In summary, if casoron is to be used as an annual treatment for several years, it should be applied in the spring at a rate of 75 pounds per acre. Under these conditions it is both safe and effective.
Literature Cited
1. Demoranville, I. E. and Cross, C.E., Casoron and Weed Control in Cran- berries. Cranberries, Vol 29 (4) 13-14 Aug. 1964.
2. Devlin, R. M. and Demoranville, I.E. Influence of Dichlobenil on Yield, Size and Pigmentation of Cranberries. Weed Science, Vol 16 (1), p. 38-39, Jan. 1968.
3. Demoranville, I.E. and Devlin, R.M. Some Effects of Dichlobenil on the Physiology of Cranberries in Massa- chusetts. Cranberries, VoL 33 (11), p. 6-8, Mar. 1969.
POWER UNIT
Pruner with rake-6 bolts will attach pruner assembly, 1 bolt will attach rake.
Water harvester shown with 8 foot reel. 6 bolts needed to attach unit.
2 bolts will attach this herbicide spreader.
2 bolts will attach this fertilizer spreader.
CARLSON MFG., Kingston, Mass.
TELEPHONE: (617) S85-2409
•WHEEL OFF RIGS
• WATER PICKERS • CONVEYORS
•DEGRASSERS • CLIPPERS
•POWER UNITS Due to the depressed condition of the cranberry industry, we are offering 2 crop years to pay for equipment shown.
THE CRANDUCTOR .
CRANDUCTOR is a light-weight portable device to handle cranberries in water with a minimum of bruising.
The pump is a low pressure, multijet peripheral water eductor with a 4-inch suction line. It has a large mix- ing throat and a large diffuser which couples into an 8-inch irrigation tube. Suction capacity is 400 to 450 gallons per minute.
CARLSON WpED CL
Kaino Family Named Outstanding 1972 Cooperator
Ron Kaino, formerly of Ilwaco now a Clatsop County, Oregon cran- berry merchant, was recently named by the Clatsop Soil and Water Con- servation District as the 1972 Out- standing Cooperator.
Ron Kaino has been active as a cranberry grower and cooperator in Clatsop SWCD since January 1967.
Ron's cranberry farming started with the original purchase of 22 acres, four acres of which were bogs in very poor condition. During the next three years he purchased ad- joining producing bogs to make a total of 23 acres of cranberries and 42 acres of woodland.
During this six year period he constructed and cleaned a total of 10,975 lineal feet of open ditch; enlarged three irrigation sumps; in- stalled one sprinkler irrigation sys- tem to replace an inefficient flood system; added 3,928 lineal feet of pipeline for improved temperature control and water management to the existing system; built 900 lineal feet of low dikes for water control during the harvest periods; upgraded 5,560 lineal feet of access road to
facihtate harvest and bog care; changed over from dry picking to water harvesting methods and equip- ment for improved management.
By utilizing good cranberry man- agement practices as recommended by the SWCD, REAP, and the Wash- ington cranberry experiment station near Long Beach, Ron has increased his cranberry yield from an average of 5,000 lbs. per acre to 15,000 lbs. per acre. He has developed and con- structed mechanical vine-thinning equipment on his own that has eliminated what was formerly hand work.
All of these improvements have been accomplished by Ron, his son Todd, and occasionally hired help. Other members of the family are his wife, Lois, and daughters, Teri and Tami.
Ron has been active in the Elks, is a volunteer fireman at Gearhart, a past supervisor of the Warrenton Dune SWCD and is a member of Ocean Spray Cranberry Co-op.
Chinook Observer
Western Pickers
Sales. Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
BLUEBERRY QUEEN ENTRANTS WANTED
The New Jersey Blueberry Grow- ers Association will hold their 1973 Blueberry Ball and Queen Contest at the Savoy Inn Banquet Hall, Vineland, on Saturday evening, June 9.
The contest is open to single girls between the ages of 17 and 22. The Queen will receive a $500 Sav- ings Bond, the 1st runner-up a $100 Bond and 2nd runner-up will receive a $50 Bond.
Applications may be obtained by writing to Phil Sheridan, New Jersey Blueberry Growers Assn., P. O. Box 166, Marmora, N. L 08223.
NEW JERSEY
Phil Marucci of the Cranberry- Blueberry Experimental Station ar- ranged a very successful Blueberry Open House recently. More than 125 blueberry growers attended this meeting to get the latest recommen- dations on insecticides, fertilizers, fungicides and blueberry promotion work.
Phil Sheridan, manager of the North American Blueberry Council, made a half-hour presentation on the work that the council is doing and promoting of blueberries at the meeting. If blueberry growers in the United States and Canada contribute 1/2 percent per frame for this pro- motional work, the advertising agent, Mrs. Margaret Lund, will be able again this year to promote blue- berries through color pictures in the food columns of newspapers from coast to coast. This has undoubtedly been responsible for the good move- ment of frozen berries out of storage this year.
EVERYONE HAS A FEDERAL TAX FILING STATUS. PLEASE CHECK YOURS.
10
Cranberry (irowers
CRANBERRY MACHINERY BUILT TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
• Water Picking Machines
• Sanders
• Wheel-off Rigs
• Portable Welding and Repair of all Machinery
ALSO SALES & SERVICE OF:
• Wisconsin Engines
• Briggs & Stratten
• Clinton
• Kohler
REPAIR AND INSTALLATION OF WATER PUMPS & PICKING MACHINE ENGINES
Daniel O'Connor (I.) discusses his water harvester with Typical Sanding Machine built by Jim's Job Shop
Jim DiBurgo
We are taking orders NOW for fall delivery
JIM'S JOB SHOP...
521D Thomas Street Middleboro, Mass. 02346 Telephone 617-947-1869
Jim DiBurgo
n
NOW IS THE TIME TO FIRM UP YOUR PCA LINE OF CREDIT
A visit to your
PGA OFFICE
may well be the most profitable move you make all year!
Production Credit Associations
ANTIGO MEDFORD WAUSAU TOMAH
MARSHFIELD STEVENS POINT
BLACK RIVER FALLS
Intermediate Term Loans for Productive Purposes Made To Responsible Farmers
o^\z\i^ny
MICHAEL S. STANKAVICH
Funeral services were held in the Bandon Chapel for 77-year-old Michaels. Stankavich of Croft Lake Road, Bandon, Oregon, who died Feb. 27 in Bandon.
Mr. Stankavich, who had lived in the Bandon area for 70 years, was a retired cranberry grower, and a member of the Bandon Barracks of World War I Veterans.
He was born July 2, 1895, in Three Lakes, Wis.
He is survived by his widow, Ida, and brother. Matt, both of Bandon; sister, Esther Ward, Coos Bay; two step-sons, Arthur Wiebe of Portland and Edward Wiebe of Saigon; step- daughter. Ruby Schneider of Ti- gard; two granddaughters and two great-grandsons.
12
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 |
|
|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
• DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE • WATERHOLE CONST. |
• COMPLETE BOG |
|
• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
• WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
• SANDING |
|
• AUXILIARY UNIT |
• HARVESTING |
|
The Crisafulli is the new pump |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
for drainage or irrigation. The |
|
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
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Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
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per minute. |
WASHINGTON OBEOON
mitiniiitiTiMiiii**
January continued cool but not the low temperatures of December. Maximum recorded on the 31st was 56° and minimum 18° on the 6th with a bog low of 15° the 6th and 7th. Precipitation totalled 10.14 inches. There were 21 days having measurable precipitation with 1.73 inches on the 24th as the biggest storm.
Many growers are finding it necessary to sprinkle for frost pro- tection since the days and nights during part of the month have been warm, then suddenly drop to 20° and lower. According to the bud checks in Long Beach area-7 - 32% dam- aged buds were found and the Grayland area check showed 7-13% damage. Grayland had 7 inches of snow cover during the December cold spell, while Long Beach area had only 4 inches.
Cranberry Vine went out to the mailing hst February 1 st with up-to- date information on various items. Cranberry Field Day at the Coastal Washington Research and Extension Unit, Long Beach is set for Saturday June 30. An invitation is extended to all interested persons and the program will be listed at a later date.
may show up in several ways. The bulletin states that "the buds may be killed in entirety, blossom buds may be killed or the growing point may be killed ... or the transition zone and abscission layer may be partially injured so that the bud will develop slowly for a time but then die before the growing season is over." The above would certainly describe damage typically found in Oregon dormant buds, especially the injury to blossom buds which is by far the most common injury found here. Thus, it would seem that one should accept the idea that on the West Coast at least, buds are injured in degrees as tempera- tures get colder with the immature flower parts being most susceptible. But there also seems to be a good chance that complete acceptance of this idea might blind one to flower bud damage that could be caused by mites. 1 wish there were a way to be absolutely sure of causes of our winter bud damage.
Weather Recorder Needed
Bog frost forecasts are evidently used much more often by cranberry growers than 1 had imagined. At least this is what the results of a questionnaire filled out by 16 grow- ers tell me. Six growers answered
Continued on Page 16
Bud Injury Contemplated
The outer leaves or scales that serve to protect a dormant cran- berry bud cover up the parts of the bud that will show winter damage. Inside a typical bud are several important parts. First of all there is the tip of the immature stem or the vegetative growing point. Just be- hind the growing point are blossoms or immature flower buds enclosed in their own leaf bracts and with the most advanced farthest down the stem. Finally, below the blos- som buds there is a zone of transi- tion from dormant bud to stem of the upright. This transition zone is the youngest part of the previous season's growth on the upright and the area between this zone and the dormant bud is called the abscission layer.
According to the Washington State University Bulletin "Cran- berry Production in Washington," winter damage from cold injury
****** |i»»»»».».!..|..».».».H.4..t..i..»
NOTA SCOTIA
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Our first big snowstorm of the year occurred on the week end of Feb. 11. Snow started early Sunday morning, lasted all day and into Monday. Prior to this the ground was bare and crops like strawberries were unprotected unless well mulched.
Growers will be receiving a news letter shortly from Robert A. Murray outlining the winter short course.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
13
nraisacltiisetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
Used farm machinery consign- ment sale date has been set. This third annual sale will be held on Saturday, April 21, 1973 on the grounds at F.L.A.M.E., Route 1 19 in Littleton. Look around, and see if you have some unused machinery you can corivert into valuable dol- lars. For more information, contact FLAME manager George Hanson at (617) 486-3698.
With no-fault insurance, the ex- cellent service provided by the claims adjustors at Farm Family be- comes more important every day. Farm Bureau members are finding that the claims service of their own insurance company sets a high stan- dard of performance, and farmers benefit from it.
We're still looking for good, serv- ice-oriented dealers for Safemark Tires and Batteries. We could use additional dealer points in every county. If you know a dealer who might be interested, contact your county Farm Bureau director. Pro- tected territories with strong sales potential are available.
Fireplace wood, predominately split pine for sale at $20 a cord at the farm in Bridgewater. Contact Roger Imhoff at (617) 697-9003 for more details.
Named as Director of the Na- tional Council of Agricultural Em- ployers recently was Howard Whelan of Hanson. Mr. Whelan is an active member of the Massachusetts Citi- zens to Save Open Space, and a cran- berry man from Plymouth county Farm Bureau.
New Social Security law, now in effect, permits recipients of benefits to earn up to $2 100 per year. Above that amount, payments will be re-
14
duced by $1 for every $2 earned. People 70 and over will receive full benefits, regardless of earnings.
Open burning of leaves and brush is the subject of a number of bills on the docket for the Committee on Agriculture and Natural Re- sources. Hearing date for these bills was February 12, and a bill dealing with lumber burning by lumber operators is included in the stack.
This same committee (Ag. and Nat. Res.) also heard bills pertaining to noise abatement. Most bills seek to establish a maximum noise level (presumably measured in decibels) for motor vehicles. Farm Bureau was there to express farmers' concern over regulations which could affect the use of power sprayers and other farm machinery.
Unreported bills - Farm Bureau has appeared at the State House on a number of bills that were not re- ported because of the brief time between the posting of the hearing date and the hearing itself. They in- clude:
S-578-restricting the use of emin- ent domain with respect to certain
agricultural lands.
S-56-giving cities and towns the right to license the possession of certain animals with the town. Op- posed by Farm Bureau and killed. H-176-would permit the Pesticide Board to regulate those who apply pesticides in buildings. Farm Bureau has obtained a clarifying amend- ment exempting agricultural build- ings.
S-1476-that would assist towns in obtaining additional highway aid. Farm Bureau supports. H-316-and others relative to the celebration of Christmas and pray- ers in public schools. Farm Bureau supports.
H-5— transferring the authority for regulating the sales of commercial fertilizers, etc. from the U of M to the Dept. of Agr. Farm Bureau sup- ports with corrective amendments. S-243— relative to minimum fair wage standards. This bill calls for a minimum wage for those employed in agriculture who have attained their 18th birthday to receive a minimum wage of $1.75 per hour. Based on Board action. Farm Bur- eau will neither oppose or support the bUl.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
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fM INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
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WOM
COME GATHER HOUND THE CRANBERRY SALAD (THAT IS)
Come, you disciple of Epicurus, you gourmand, bon vivant or just plain enjoyer of good foods, let's discuss Ihat most sophisticated of delectable dishes, the salad . . . and cranberries.
Now take a salad. You can serve it before the meat— with the meat or after— you can even serve it instead of meat. Then too, you can serve it sunmier or winter . . . molded or tossed . . . crisp or wilted . . . hot or cold . . . sweet or sour . . . fresh or cooked. But, if you want a well-balanced meal, one way or another, you'll serve it! After all, people have been eating salads since time began. How about that first apple? The Egyptians and their thistle?
And for you unbelievers . . . how do we go about making such ele- gant irresistible salads? Cranberries are the answer. For instance, try cranberry-orange relish to add a sweet -tangy flavor to otherwise bland combinations of fruits. Cran- berry whole berry sauce for an excellent ingredient in many molded salads. Cranberry juice cocktail to add delightful color and flavor to hven up ordinary salad dressings. And, if you want to go fancy . . . how about decorating your salads with appropriate cut-outs made with jellied cranberry sauce. For, when you come right down to it, cran- berries are every bit as versatile as salads, so join the two winners. CRANBERRY CUCUMBER CANOES (Serves 6)
3 large cucumbers
1 package (3 ounces) cream cheese
1 package (12 ounces) creamed cottage cheese (I'/i cups)
2 tablespoons chopped onion Vi cup minced celery
Cranberry Growers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
OOOO&OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCH
IS
STATION NOTES
Continued from- Page 3
charts at the Cranberry Station and anyone needing a copy can request it.
Green Scum Growers are reminded that Febru- ary and March are the times to check bogs for the presence of green scum around shore ditches. If present it should be treated following the recommendation on your weed chart.
OREGON
Continued from Page 13
WISCONSIN
Heavy rains during mild and humid weather over the New Year's weekend caused substantial melting and settling of the snow cover throughout the State. An exception was the extreme northwest corner of the State where temperatures remained below freezing and the precipitation fell as snow. Mostly sunny and quite cold weather set- tled in with nighttime temperatures dropping to the 20-40 below zero range in the north from the 5 th through the 10th. After the 10th the temperatures started moderating reaching the freezing point and above.
One of the longest and most in- tense January thaws of record oc- curred during the last two weeks of the month as temperatures averaged 14 to 18 degrees above normal.
that they Ustened to the frost fore- casts every day last year and seven more indicated that they had listened quite often. All 13 felt that
the forecasts are valuable to a bog ;}^;^;^;; t7mp7ratures ^ro'se^illto
management program; enough so ^^^ ^^,^ .^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^
that they should be contmued. Of ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ 25-26th.
the three that did not think so ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ j^^_
only one was defmite in stating 13- 19th was much more rapid
that the forecasts should not be ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
continued. Since those responding though the two weeks were equally
to the questionnaire represented a ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^
pretty good cross-section of Bandon area cranberry growers, I am now led to believe that frost forecasts are wanted and should be continued this spring.
If it is decided to continue frost forecasts, a new weather observer in the Bandon area must be found. For at least 10 years, Mr. and Mrs. Ray Bates and their son Bill have made daily observations on weather at the Bates Bogs and have called readings in to the U.S. Weather Bureau in Eugene at 4:00 P.M. each day. These observations are vital to daily frost forecasts and must be taken if the forecasts are to con- tinue. However, since the Bateses have recently sold their bogs, they would like to retire from this re- sponsibility. Some other way to take the readings is going to have to be found and quickly, since the time that frost forecasts must start is less than a month away. 16
very high humidities experienced
during the first week which helped keep night time temperatures above freezing and caused melting due to condensation of atmospheric mois- ture onto the snow cover with a resultant large release of heat. Pre- cipitation during the period fell mainly as rain. Many southern and eastern counties received between 1/2 inch and one inch of rain on the 18- 19th while a mixture of rain, sleet and snow fell during the 2 1-22. Extreme northwestern counties re- ported from 8 to 10 inches of snow locally with this storm with 8 inches at River Falls and Mellen and 9 in- ches at Brule. Sunny and mild weather with temperatures into the 50's even in the north subsequently settled this new covering of snow.
BRIGHT FUTURE
Continued from Page 1
The hearing at the Long Beach Grange hall was conducted by Judge Don Campbell for the De- partment of Agricuhure, with Atty. Dennis Becker and Al Henry of the Marketing Service Division, ques- tioning the witnesses. Also present were Charles Hastings, administrator of the marketing committee, and John Decas of Wareham, chairman of the national committee.
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
% sepifing llie WISCONSIN growers %
ICRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS ..... 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated
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MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN ^rea 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
Name
Address.
City.
One Year $5.00
State.
Zip-
2 Years $8.00
Mail to:
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J
Kingston, Mass. 02364
When If o"
ments
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
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PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2.4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
%M
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts
IMeu/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashington
Canada
^'-T^,lCAL SCIENCES I.I3RARY
MAY 0 z 1973
CRANBfliM
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
y
MARCH 1973
AGRICULTURE, CRANBERRIES
AND PROFIT 6
NEW PRODUCTS 9
WOMAN'S PAGE 15
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^ DIIIECTBBY IDP craolierry growers -^
Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfilizers
Helicopter Application
By "Whitey" of Plymouth
Copters, Inc.
HARRY T. FISHER, JR.
Agric. Chemical Representative
Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133
Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends
< '■*sr^s»N#s»^vr.#s»M
Electricity - Icey to progress
In indus+ry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUINPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS: Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE -MAR LOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
THREE BRAND NEW OCEAN SPRAY FROZEN CONCENTRATES IN LOCAL MARKETS
Three entirely new frozen con- centrates for cranberry-based fruit drinks from Ocean Spray are now brightening the frozen foods cases of local supermarkets. The new concentrates mark the first time cranberry drinks have appeared in frozen form, and Ocean Spray's debut in the frozen food field.
Their bright, Uvely color and flavor makes these new fruit drinks especially appropriate for breakfast. Available are Cranorange, a happy flavor combination of cranberry juice and orange juice concentrate,
Cranapple, a refreshing blend of cranberry and apple juice concen- trate; and Cranberry Juice Cocktail.
Made from natural fruit juices, all the new concentrates are forti- fied with 90 milligrams of Vitamin C per six ounce reconstituted serving to provide 300% of the minimum daily adult requirement of this im- portant vitamin. All three concen- trates are packaged in convenient 6-ounce cans, with Cranorange also available in 12-ounce cans. They can be reconstituted by adding 3 cans of fresh cold water, to make 24-ounces of a tangy fresh-tasting fruit drink.
WISCONSIN SUMMER MEETING ANNOUNCED
The annual summer meeting for cranberry growers is schedueld for early August. The host this year will be the Bennett Cranberry Com- pany, Inc., located a few miles west of Port Edwards. This will be a centennial celebration for the Bennett marsh so a history of the industry will be developed and presented. Cooperating with the Bennetts and the Growers AssocL. tion will be the So. Wood Co. Historical Society, University Ex- tension and support agencies of the cranberry industry. It is hoped that machinery and supply exhibitors will be attracted.
TAX GUIDE FOR BUSINESS NOW AVAILABLE SAYS IRS
The 1973 edition of "Tax Guide for Small Business" is now available to answer questions businessmen have about Federal income, excise and employment taxes, William E. Williams, District Director of In- ternal Revenue for Massachusetts, said recently.
The business tax guide, IRS Publication 334, also contains a Tax Calendar for 1973 listing the dates on which the various tax and information returns and payments are due.
The booklet includes a checklist which enables businessmen to iden- tify quickly all taxes they may have to pay. The checklist also contains
Continued on Page 12
FOR SALE
1,000 ft. ALUMINUM PIPE (4", 3", 2")
2 cyl. WISCONSIN RUPP
ELECTRIC START PUMP
65 RAINBIRDS - 16"
$1200 FOR LOT
CALL: 617-585-2804
( r''*'*^*'***-*'*'*^'*
MMMMMMMMM4MMIMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM ♦ M
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
We have the experience that guarantees you even water pressure and water supply throughout your bog. Our "MOLE" method of laying P E flexible plastic pipe leaves only a knife edge cut on the bog. We are recommending buried PVC semi-rigid plastic pipe for main lines. We are using saddles that fit PVC pipe for lateral take offs that do away with tees and twisted laterals to meet joints. Frankly, we do the best installation possible and our prices are competitive.
Sure, we make installations with aluminum main lines; and we rebuild sprinkler systems; and we take trade-ins of aluminum pipe; and we sell Rainbird sprinklers, Ames-Lock wood irrigation systems, and quick coupling risers. We also design sprinkler systems.
We have room in our spring schedules for cranberry bog installations — Call us. 1—61 7-824-5607.
CHARISS W, HAnniS CO., IMC.
451 Old Somerset Ave., North Dighton, Mass. 02764 Warehouse at 452 Somerset Ave., Route 138
NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENI DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . .
NEW FOR WET PICKING
• LOADS 100 BARRELS IN T5 MINS.
• NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES
• NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE
• NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS
• DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE
IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH
QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES
• NO WRENCHES
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• ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES
• HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS
COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
SFieM Notes
Personals
The Cranberry Station lost a friend and colleague in the passing of George Rounsville on February 11. George worked at the Station from 1941 until his retirement in November 1971 and was in the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II from 1942 until 1946. He was probably best known to the cranberry indus- try as the frost forecaster for the cranberry Frost Warning Service. This is a very demanding job that he was involved with for over 20 years. George was an excellent "bog- man" and one of the best outdoors- men that the author has ever known.
Dr. Cross and the author attended the Annual Meeting of the North- eastern Section of the American Society for Horticultural Science held in Durham, New Hampshire on February 2 and 3.
Dr. Robert Devlin was an invited speaker at the Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of Amer- ica held in Atlanta, Ga. on Feb- ruary 5-8. Bob's presentation was on the uptake of alanap by aquatic plants with nutrient deficiencies.
Prof. William Tomlinson attended a gypsy moth work conference held at Beltsville, Maryland on February 6 and 7.
Dr. Jessica Castillo has returned to work at the Cranberry Station. Jessica worked for Dr. Zuckerman for several years prior to leaving for work in Israel and the Philippines. She is continuing to do research on nematodes with Dr. Zuckerman.
Cranberry Library
We have been collecting research papers and other published material on cranberries for some time. This
by IRVING E. OEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
material has been assembled, cata- loged and stored at the Cranberry Station. We are always interested in anything in the cranberry line. If anyone has old literature, papers, labels, pictures etc., please send to us rather than consign them to the trash bags.
Frost Warning Service
The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association is again sponsoring the telephone frost warning service. Apphcations were mailed to all growers in early March. If a grower has not received an application, he should notify Mr. Irving E. Demor- anville, treasurer of the association, Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Mass. 02538. There is a spot on the application for a dona- tion to the telephone answering
service which is also sponsored by the association and is in operation during the frost season at the Cran- berry Station. This is a very valuable part of the frost warning for various reasons. There is a message on the recorder every day during the frost season, whether a frost warning is sent or not. We wish to remind the growers using the answering service that the recorded message will not be available before 1 : 30 in the after- noon or 8:30 in the evening. The frost pad for writing down the mes- sage has proved very popular and will be mailed to growers sub- scribing to the service. All applica- tions and payments should be re- turned by March 25 in order that the necessary arrangements can be Continued on Page 16
<..|..l..>.|..|i.I.4"H"H"I"I"H"H"!"l"I"I"I'^
NEWJEKSEY
February was slightly colder and drier than normal. The average tem- perature was 33.0" which is 0.9° below normal. Extremes were 60° on the 2nd and 6° on the 17th. There were only three days during which the temperature remained be- low freezing all day. Soil tempera- tures at the one-inch level stayed above 40° for most of the month while they ranged in the high thirties at the four-inch level. The lack of any protracted spell of severe cold weather kept the water on cranberry bogs open for most of the month. On the few days when ice persisted the dissolved oxygen content in the flood water was well above 5 c.c. per liter.
For the fifth consecutive month the precipitation was above normal albeit very slightly. Total rainfall was 2.96 compared to the norm of 2.90. From October through Feb- ruary the total rainfall recorded at New Lisbon was 28.91 inches com- pared to the normal of 15.60 for this five-month period. The winter has been noteworthy for the lack of snow. Only one snowfall, measuring only 4/10 of an inch, occurred on February 16th and the snow cover did not persist for 24 hours. This is the least amount of snow that has ever occurred in an entire winter in the 44-year weather recording his- tory at New Lisbon.
%^
NOVA SCOTIA
Maple sugar growers report that sap is running the earliest since 1948. Our snow cover is gone in open fields and we could have an early spring. If we have an early spring, growers will need to adjust their operations accordingly.
We were pleased to welcome George Klingbeil on March 6 to the Kentville Station where he had a chance to talk with several members of our staff. George took part in a strawberry short course at the Ag- ricultural College in Truro on March 7 and then spoke to the cranberry growers on March 8. We learned a great deal from George and hope that he enjoyed his visit to our province.
Stan Lowell of Carver, Massachu- setts, dropped in to see us on Feb- ruary 20. His wife comes from Buc- touche, New Brunswick. I enjoy Continued on Page 13
^}^^^v-Aii^^^^m^^W^^^^^^^-^fJ^i^^^^^^^^W^- ■
GIL BERN AGGREGATES, INC.
Producers of SAND - GRAVEL - CRUSHED STONE
For Sand and Service that Satisfy . . . Call
PLYMPTON
585-3355
PLYMOUTH 746-6107
BRIDGEWATER
697-2288
BOSTON 361-3050
The newest and most modem plants serving South Shore and Cape Cod.
Q
Issue of March 1973 I Volume 37 - No. ^ '
FORMER DDT USERS GET HELP
A new pesticide safety program, "Project Safe- guard" is now underway to help farmers in 14 states safely use chemical alternatives to DDT. Because of its alleged harmful build-up in the environment, most uses of DDT were banned at the end of last year, but according to Talmadge Balch, Alabama Extension pesticide specialist, the chemicals most likely to re- place it are actually more harmful to the user and other persons if not handled properly.
A RESOUNDING "NO" TO ORGANICS
Commercial growers and agriculturiest involved in the chemical vs. organics fray should arm themselves with facts to back up statements that pesticides are needed to produce high yields of healthy crops at reasonable cost to consumers.
Studies at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI & SU) help provide these facts, and in the process giving a resounding "no" to organic gardening arguments, say Drs. R. C. Lambe, extension plant pathology specialist at Blacksburg and J. G. Petty, research supervisor at Chatham Plant Pathology and Physiology Research Station.
For 25 years, say the scientists, we have watched the development of adapted and disease resistant va- rieties, proper plant nutrition, crop rotation, and pes- ticides, all outgrowths of agricultural research.
The consumer, we have been told, demands pest- free produce. Now, however, a few consumers are apparently less concerned with the appearance of vegetables than the knowledge that no man-made chemicals have been used in their production.
At last count, over 800,000 Americans reportedly belonged to the organic movement. While this is a small percentage of the total population, organic gar- deners attract considerable attention defending their methods and assailing those who favor pesticide use.
To present growers and consumers with both sides of the picture, a simple comparison was conducted in 1971 at VPI's Plant Pathology and Physiology Re- search Station at Chatham, Va., to test the question: Can vegetables be raised as successfully with animal manure and no pesticides as is possible with chemical fertilizer and pesticides?
Continued on Page 16
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
advisors - correspondents
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5(W per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. fimds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
AGRICULTURE,
CRANBERRIES and
PROFIT
by David Mann
President Mass. Farm Bureau Federation
The Massachusetts cranberry in- dustry is part of the United States cranberry industry which is part of the total United States agricul- ture, so, when we start talking about one we soon get involved with the other.
The United States cranberry in- dustry in 1972 produced 2,026,000 bbls. on 25,000 acres for a national average of 82 bbls/acre. Massachu- setts produced 800,000 lbs. on 1 1,000 acres for a yield of 72 bbls. per acre.
The 1971 crop has just been disposed of and in this year Massa- chusetts produced 1,000,000 bbls. which returned about $ 1 1 per bbl. to the growers. In addition to this the industry spent another $4/bbl. for advertising and promotion.
The cranberry industry presently has an overproduction, or, depend- ing on your viewpoint, an under- sale condition. According to USDA figures 1,600,000 bbls. were uti- lized in 1971, plus our normal shrinkage, would mean we had a 20% surplus.
We anticipated our present sur- plus position several years ago after grower optimism resulted in an unprecedented number of new acres being planted, plus some huge plant- ings being contemplated. For ex- ample, Oregon is one of the smaller states producing around 70,000 bbls. on 800 acres. However, one county there has more acres than the whole state of Massachusetts, and many of these acres have cran- berry potential! You can see that our present overproduction on our existing 25,000 acres is nothing compared to the five million acre 6
potential in this one county— to say nothing of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan and Canada.
It takes several years for a plant- ing to come to full production, so when the industry saw what was starting to happen we investigated ways to control our production and selected a Federal Marketing Order as the best way. When this order was overwhelmingly approved by the growers in 1968 we em- barked on a six year period of developing our base quantity, which is to be the average 6f the best two year's production during the six year period, on acreage then established.
The following table will show how our total crop has been in- creasing because of changed cultural practices plus new acreage.
Average % over Years Production Prior
Years
1951-60 1,075,000 bbls. +23%
1966-70 1,319,000 bbls. +26%
1971-72 2,1 17,000 bbls. +27%
Est. 1975 2,400,000 bbls. +10%
As you can see, we are guessing that on our present acreage, our rapid increase in production- the doubling of our crops from 1960 to 1970-will slow down. By the way, our five year crop projections have been much more accurate than the annual USDA crop fore- cast.
The question that arises now is- when will sales equal supply? At this point it would be assumed the grower return could increase. The
past six years we have averaged about 6% annual increase in the use of cranberries, but basing our growth on a 7% rate, 1976 should be the year-on a 5% rate 1978, or six years from now.
As 85% of the national tonnage is marketed through a grower co- operative (Ocean Spray, naturally), we the growers have suppUed the capital to advertise, to develop markets, and to construct factories to turn out the increasing number of cases being sold. The dollar sales of Ocean Spray are mcreasing at a much faster rate than the consump- tion of cranberries because of prod- ucts like Cranapple that require us to sell more cases of finished product to move the same tonnage of cranberries than a fewer cases of sauce would.
Sales of cranberry juice have increased 1000% since 1962, and Cranapple has increased 3300% since 1965. The growth of these products, plus stringent FDA and OSHA rules have required Ocean Spray to embark on a complete facility modernization and expan- sion programs.
We are now entering the final phase, having constructed new plants in Markham, Washington; Kenosha, Wisconsin; new cranberry receiving stations in Babcock, Wisconsin and Middleboro, Massachusetts; com- pletely rebuilt and expanded our Bordentown, New Jersey plant; and now are starting to consolidate our Hanson and Onset, Massachusetts canning plants at Middleboro in the next couple of years.
The Ocean Spray growers have been able to survive all this, but not
many have prospered. However, it is getting closer to the time when the grower must harvest the results of controlling production, building markets to absorb increased cran- berry production, building facilities to manufacture products to use the cranberries, to supply the markets that Jack built— the growers' Jack.
Our productivity in cranberry growing has probably not been any more spectacular than the rest of agriculture. Because of our enor- mous expenditures to market our excess production, the total dollars paid growers for cranberries, ac- cording to USD A, has gone from $24.5 milhon to $25.5 million in the six years from 1966-1971. This is a 4% increase in six years or .7% increase per year in total dollars paid growers. As poor a result as this figure would indicate, it is still better than agriculture as a whole, where the farmer is receiving 6% more than 20 years ago for his production— a .3% per year increase. Someone once said if you can put a problem in writing, a solution can be found. I think agriculture's main problem, in two simple words, is "low profitability." Individual farm- ers can still do very well by getting a larger piece of the pie, the pie being total dollars paid farmers; but the pie is not growing fast enough for agriculture to prosper.
Profitability of a commodity is affected by many internal and ex- ternal factors.
Internally there has to be a mechanism to control supply be- cause surpluses out of control can depress prices of the total produc-
tion, not just the part in surplus. The more services you can provide with your commodity, the more value it will have to the housewife; hence, the more profit it should generate. Ideally, the grower should control the product all the way to the consumer and your product should have a brand name.
External factors that affect profit are the public's attitude on almost anything, profits in general, price controls aiming toward profit con- trol, pesticide restrictions based on emotionalism can reduce produc- tion, pollution both real and im- agined, consumerism in general, etc.
Attitude on these subjects are very shortly expressed as legislation and regulations which may have drastic effects on profits. These external factors are areas where your Farm Bureau, working in the Legislature, is playing an ever in- creasing role in your profitability.
The public's life style today is vastly different than it was 100 years ago when half the people were farming, and most of the others had small businesses with
few employees. We went from this agrarian society through the in- dustrial revolution to the present social revolution— where only 30% of society is producing all the goods and services— and only 4% of this group are owners and managers, whUe 5% are professionals. This 9%, and to a lesser extent, the other 21% who are production workers, are dependent upon the profit system. The remaining 70% of our population are completely dependent upon this 30%, but the 70% are fast getting away from knowledge of how our profit and loss system functions, and hence the pressure on the legislature to share the wealth, cradle to grave security, reduce the profits, etc.
As farmers we are the owners, managers, directors of our farms, cooperatives, corporations and Farm Bureaus. We have organized them to increase our profitability.
From a dollar point of view, agriculture is still the nation's largest business, with $307 billion in assets; employing five million workers— more than the combined
r«»*^^
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS :; LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office — On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24
work force of the nation's trans- portation, public utilities, steel and auto industries; and three out of every ten jobs in private enterprise are related to agriculture.
With all these resources we still haven't achieved a satisfactory profit growth from agricultural produc- tion earnings. For the next genera- tion to want to, or to be able to, continue in agriculture, it is vital that profitability increase. It is our responsibility to put the whole thing together, and soon, or it won't be many years before we will progress to where we were 100 years ago, with 50% of the people grubbing for edible roots.
WEED CONTROL BILL PROPOSED
An Oregon senate bill that could have considerable impact on cran- berry growers is Senate BUI 107. This bill is attempting to reduce noxious weed problems in the state but in so doing would put some apparently rather stiff penalties upon landowners.
Senate Bill 107 would have each county employ a weed control superintendent whose job it would be to inspect all lands and notify landowners that they must control noxious weeds found on their land. Should the landowner not provide required weed control, then the superintendent could enter the land upon notice and "perform the necessary procedures and methods
to control, destroy or eradicate such noxious weeds." The land- owner would then be billed for costs incurred in the weed control effort. If this billing is not paid, SB 107 contains provisions for setting a lien upon the land that would be collected "in the same manner that taxes are collected."
The bill also allows for the creation of quarantine areas where the weed infestation is considered to be beyond the ability of the landowner to control. In addition, SB 107 would prevent movement from quarantine areas of machinery, equipment, plants or other materials until they are treated so as to prevent dissemination of seeds or parts of noxious weeds.
The present status (as of March 1) of SB 107 is such that it has been read and referred to the senate agriculture and natural resources committee. Cranberry growers should read this bill and consider what impact it would have, es- pecially if a weed such as gorse were included in the Ust of noxious weeds. Copies of SB 107 can be ordered simply by calling 1-452- 0290: a toll free number at the legislature in Salem.
The schedule for senate com- mittee meetings lists the Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee as meeting at 3:00 p.m. on Mon- days, Wednesdays and Fridays. Legislative committee meetings are public. Those meetings designated
as public hearings are for the pur- pose of taking testimony pro and con from interested citizens. A check on when public hearings on Bill 107 and Bill 106 (dealing with control of pesticides) will be held can be made by calling the number listed in the paragraph above.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
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11 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
■ ■* INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
PUBLICATION ISSUED BY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
A U.S. Department of Agricul- ture publication issued early in the year tells growers of fruits and vegetables how to avoid marketing disputes and explains how to get help under a federal law when they have been unfairly dealt with.
Entitled "The Fruit and Vege- table Grower and PACA," the pam- phlet acquaints growers with the Perishable Agricultural Commodi- ties Act (PACA)-how it protects them from unfair trading practices when they sell their crops, whether or not they need to be licensed under the law, and precautions they can take to avoid and recover losses from broken contracts.
Single copies of "The Fruit and Vegetable Grower and PACA," PA 1021, are free on postcard request to the Office of Communi- cation, U.S. Department of Agri- culture, Washington, D. C. 20250. A Spanish-language edition is also available. Ask for: "El Cultivador de Frutas y Hortalizas y el De- creto PACA," PA 102 1-S.
FOR SALE
1 RIDING GANDEE CASORON
SPREADER
LIKE NEW
USED ONE SEASON
$495.00
GENESKILLE
STONE LAKE, WIS. 54876
PHONE: 715-865-2824
NEW PRODUCTS
PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTICIDES, FARM CHEMICALS
The dusts, sprays, and emulsions of insecticides, fertilizers, and other farm chemicals may be a cause of skin irritation in sensitive individ- uals. A barrier hand cream-Kero- dex^— when applied to hands and forearms helps protect (when ap- plied and used as directed) against these irritant chemicals.
Kerodex is available in two formulations: No. 71, a water- repellent cream, helps protect hands against liquid fertilizers and in- secticides; No. 51, helps protect hands against dusting compounds.
Both Kerodex No. 7 1 and 5 1 are greaseless and stainless.
Kerodex is made and distributed by Ayerst Laboratories, 685 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017. Available nationally through in- dustrial distributors in 4 oz. tubes, 1 lb. jars, and 8 lb. tins.
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B |
NEW LINE OF STORAGE RACKS
A new line of quickly assembled adjustable storage racks offering a unique safety-type connector and a high lever of flexibility has been announced by the Allis-Chalmers Corp. Racks can be assembled to 20 ft. heights, and are suitable for use with palletized loads handled by lift trucks.
Ten models of support beams in lengths from 46 to 144 in. and capacities to 13,000 lb. per pair are available.
Support beams are mounted to C-type steel columns having a single
row of connector holes, rather than double holes as in many standard rack columns. This single-hole de- sign permits attachment of right hand and left hand shelves, both of which are rigidly locked into posi- tion by a new dual safety lock. They will not release under nudging, of lift truck forks or edges of pallets or loads.
Storage rack accessories including barrel support bars, skid channels, large base plates, post guards and wall connectors are available.
For further information con- tact Allis-Chalmers Corp., Industrial Truck Division, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201.
9
NEW PRODUCTS
PORTABLE TROUGHED BELT CONVEYOR
The Thrifty Lifty Portable Troughed Belt Conveyor, manu- factured by Stone Construction Equipment, Inc., comes standard with a 12" wide belt, troughing slides for carrying loose materials, troughed belt hopper for easy load- ing, undercarriage for instant porta- bility. Gas or electric engine avail- able with belt speeds of 60, 90 or 120 FPM. The frame will carry loads of 300 pounds total. Other options are available to adapt the unit for any conveying application.
For further information on this unit contact Thrifty Lifty Division, Stone Construction Equipment, Ina, 32 East Main St., Honeoye, N. Y. 14471.
a wide range of box sizes. Cartons with different height measurements but with the same length and width measurement may be combined in the same production run without any machine changeover or dis- ruption of the run. Changeover to handle cartons of a different length or width measurement is simple and takes only minutes.
Production speeds in excess of 20 per minute allow a professional end product with a minimum capi- tal equipment expense.
For further information, con- tact Mr. James O'Neill, Lee Pack- aging Machinery Corp., 178 Crescent Rd., Needham Heights, Mass. 02 194.
NARROW AISLE REACH TRUCKS BY ALLIS-CHALMERS
Specification data sheets are available on a new line of narrow aisle reach trucks offered by the All-Chalmers Corp.
Included in the new Rackman line are the SR-20 (2000 lb. capa- city), the SR-30 (3000 lb.) and the SR-40 (4000 lb.). All have tri- function control handles, human- engineered operator compartments and a tandem pump hydraulic sys- tem for heightened productivity.
Copies of the literature: Rack- man SR-20-30-40, MH-655-56-57, can be obtained from the Industrial Truck Division, 21800 S. Cicero Ave., Matteson, 111. 60443. These are available only in the set of three.
LOW-COST CARTON SEALER
The Triseal member of the Econoseal family of carton gluers is a simple, inexpensive, air-operated carton sealer for top-loaded boxes with hinged cover.
The Triseal applies cold or hot melt glue and seals cartons with three, glue seal closures. It is a table-mounted machine and covers
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
10
LIGHTWEIGHT HAND SEALER FOR WIDE VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES
Ogden Sales, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois, manufacturers of electrical heating elements, has re- cently introduced a portable, light- weight hand sealer that "outlasts all others."
Identified as the HS-2 "Lite- weight," this new hand sealer (S^A ounces) is properly angled for fast, practically effortless operation. The ease of use and handling insures good seals with least effort, permits maintaining high packaging speeds.
Additional features include rugged durability, full year burnout guarantee, dielectrically correct and comes available with teflon cover sleeve.
A copy of the new literature describing this new hand sealer is available upon request by contacting Mr. Gerry O'Connell, Ogden Sales, Inc., 507 W. Algonquin Rd., Arling- ton Heights, 111.
ELEVATOR/CONVEYOR
BY UNIVERSAL INDUSTRIES
A new heavy-duty combination bucket elevator and conveyor that offers a number of advantages in handling a wide variety of free flowing bulk materials, has been announced by Universal Industries, 245 S. Washington, Hudson, Iowa 50643.
Named El-Con, the new bucket elevator/conveyor, according to the company, has a number of features which enable it to elevate and convey almost any free flowing product more smoothly, more gently, with greater efficiency, with less attending care.
For complete details on the new Universal El-Con, write for Bulletin EC-73.
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMfiER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 -Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a -Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 —Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 —Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 —Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 —New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a —History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25
11
NOW IS THE TIME TO FIRM UP YOUR RCA LINE OF CREDIT
A visit to your
PGA OFFICE
may well be the most profitable move you make all year!
Production Credit Associations
ANTIGO MEDFORD V^AUSAU TOMAH
MARSHFIELD STEVENS POINT
BLACK RIVER FALLS
Intermediate Term Loans for Productive Purposes Made To Responsible Farmers
TAX GUIDE
Continued from Page 1 information on each tax and the forms required.
The booklet explains how Fed- eral tax laws apply to various forms of businesses such as the sole proprietor, partnership, or corpora- tion. It also covers special problems faced by some manufacturers, re- tailers, and professional men.
The "Tax Guide for Small Bus- iness" sells for 75 cents at most IRS offices. It is also available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.
#^•^#^•^#^#■
IT COULD BE WORSE
by Beth M. Applegate
Buckle down your earflaps. Button up your coat, Put on your galoshes And a muffler round your throat. Fighting lashing gales may whip The stiffening from your starch. Just be glad it's not November — Be thankful that it's March!
Cranberry Grov^ersj Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS. BOURNE, WAREHAM, & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
eooooooooooe
^^.»^#'»^^^^^»»^'»»^*'»>»-»^'<
^#^r^^#^#^#^#^#<*■
12
Continued from Page 4
talking with growers and was pleased to talk with Stan.
1972 Crop
The 1972 cranberry crop is lower than the original estimate of 200,000 pounds made last September. As soon as all growers submit their 1972 crop figures, an accurate pro- duction figure will be released.
The summation by one grower is typical of the difficulties encoun- tered by most growers: "We had the worst season, by far, than any other. Frost started the last week of September. Below normal temperatures in October and No- vember were so severe, for the first time, that the sprinklers were kept operating most of the nights. The next day, the temperature did not rise sufficiently to clear all of the ice. Snow also occurred."
Marketing Note
Cape Cod cranberries are still in a few of the stores in the Truro area. A spot check on price (Feb- ruary 10) indicates they are re- tailing at Sli per pound.
wAsiiiNGTiiN
A new publication from the Co- operative Extension Service, Wash- ington State University, E.B. 2805, "Insecticide Toxicity to Honey Bees" is very appropriate for cran- berry and blueberry growers at this time. We are finding it harder to get bee keepers to bring hives for the pollination period because of pre- vious damage to their hives from chemical use on crops. Copies of this publication may be sent on re- quest to the Coastal Washington Res. & Est. Unit, Long Beach, Washington 98631.
February has been warming up a little, with the high of 65° on the 22nd, and a mean high of 52.8°. The low for the month was 27° on
the 4th and a mean low of 37° Fourteen days of precipitation yielded a total of only 4.18 inches, with the largest amount on the 1 1th of 1.47 inches. This is below the 12 year average of 7.67 inches for February by almost 3^ inches, add- ing to the low water table for the area. October had only 1.97 inches and the average is 7.84, and contin- ued below average for the next two months. Many below 32 degree nights meant sprinkling earlier than usual, some starting their frost pro- tection as early as the middle of January, due to the warm trend, and beginning growth. A normal year, most do not begin until about the first of March or the middle of March.
See you for Field Day at the Coastal Washington Unit, June 30.
0SE60N
I afc rfr A A ■?■ A A A ■?■ A Jt» A JL it. .ti .t. JU .t ■ .1
Fertilizer Supplies Low
A United States Department of Agriculture report on the present national fertilizer situation confirms
the fact that suppHes of some fertilizers are expected to remain so. A short summary of this report follows.
Record amounts of fertilizers were used on farms in 1972 and it is expected that this year's usage will be even higher. Reasons for this increase depend upon the type of fertilizer being considered. For example, the demand for nitrogen is expected to strengthen in 1973 because of greater use on cotton and because high grain prices this year will encourage farmers to plant and fertilize for higher yields. These factors, coupled with the fact that the United States is a net exporter of nitrogen fertilizer, add up to continued tight supplies. The situa- tion seems to be especially critical with urea which is bringing high prices on export markets.
The supply of phosphate fer- tilizers is also expected to remain limited until construction of new plant capacity catches up with de- mand. As with nitrogen, the United States is a net exporter of phosphate fertilizer and the foreign market for phosphates has been booming.
The USDA report goes on to say that prices for fertilizers are
Continued on Page 16
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
3J=3S=8:
13
FARM BUREAU FEDERMII
Estate Planning Pays Off-d& Farm Family insurance agents Leon Shattuck, Ross Frair and Dick Simonian are recognized as 'Super 7 Salesmen' during January. What pleases farmers most is the fact that recognition is based on quality of service to member families. That's what it's all about!
To Clear Up a Misconception on Farm Bureau membership, be assured that you may join for 1973 even if you let your membership expire last year, or earlier. There are farm families who had allowed memberships to expire for one reason or another. No problems- you may join this year!
Emergency Loan Reinstatement has been urged by the American Farm Bureau Federation. AFBF endorses a bill which would rein- state FHA loans without "forgive- ness" clause, but with restrictions on interest charges (not to exceed six percent a year).
Citizens for Cleaner Environ- ment, Inc., a southern New Hamp- shire action group, has been awarded half of a $1,500 fine imposed by a U.S. District Court against the Granite State Packing Co. accused of dumping wastes into a sewer emptying into the Merrimack River. High school students alerted the citizens group to the violation, helped gather evidence and report- edly will get a portion of the $750. Farmers are hereby advised that Big Brother is watching.
Federal Highway Use Tax is required of those farmers who operate certain size trucks on public highways. This is a reminder to Farm Bureau members that single unit trucks weighing 13-thousand pouods or more, and truck-tractors weighing 5,500 pounds or more are subject to this tax. For more in- formation contact your local IRS office.
14
Dick Nickless of Farm Bureau Association tells us the delegation of people from Massachusetts Agri- culture were accorded an "excellent reception" on their trip to Washing- ton, D. C, the end of February. The group, which included Com- missioner Nathan Chandler and Farm Bureau First Vice President Harold Newton paid personal visits to 9 of the 14 members of the Mass. Congressional Delegation. Dick Nickless reports he was most gratified at the attitude displayed by Senators and Congressmen. The group also visited the Executive Director of N.E. Congressional Caucus, as well as the Commissioner of the ICC. Nick tells us the effort was well worth while.
Legislative Actions Due the Week of March 12th. Committee on Natural Resources heard a number of "wetland bills." There are also bills that would expand the control authority of the conservation com- missions to permit towns to enter
into debt in anticipation of state financial reimbursement.
The Committee on Taxation heard a bill filed by Farm Bureau relative to the filing of dates of estimated taxpayers deriving at least two thirds of his gross income from farming. This is to correct a situation that has occurred whereby farmers have been penalized for filing their income taxes late after the 15th of January and in most cases filing it before March 1st, in accordance with the federal statutes, tax law, increasing the deductions of dependents and clarifying that matter as it relates to the personal income tax exemption where both husband and wife receive earned income.
Cranberry Operation in Oster- ville has closed down, with a con- siderable amount of portable pipe, Rainbird sprinklers, risers and fit- tings for sale on the site. Package price for the entire lot: $250. For information (617) 428-2149.
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CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 |
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Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
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The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
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• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
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TREATED ACREAGE |
• DITCHING |
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• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE • WATERHOLE CONST. |
• COMPLETE BOG |
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• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
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• WATER HARVEST |
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• FLUME REPAIR |
• SANDING |
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• AUXILIARY UNIT |
• HARVESTING |
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The Crisafulli is the new pump |
(Wet and Dry) |
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for drainage or irrigation. The |
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pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
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a farm tractor or any other |
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
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Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
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per minute. |
For medieval Christians, meat- less Fridays and Lenten fasting were acts of contrition. During Lent, many of us still forego meat in favor of fish. And ways in which to prepare seafood appe- tizingly sometimes taxes the in- genuity of the cook.
If you find yourself in this dilemma, we suggest you try Fish Fillets with Cranberry Onion Sauce, an altogether novel and intriguing idea with surprisingly great taste appeal.
The classic finale to a traditional Easter feast is the serving of KuUch, a great yeast bread filled with fruits and nuts, and Paskha, a pyramid of cheese. The paskha is made in a mold etched with the letters "XB" to signify "Christ is Risen."
Made the traditional way, these festive foods take long and laborious preparation. We have Americanized the recipes using the cranberry.
STUFFED FISH WITH CRANBERRY ONION SAUCE
(Serves 8)
8 fillets of white fish
Salt and paprika
2 cans (1 pound each) Chinese vegetables, drained
1/4 cup soy sauce 1 1/2 teaspoon ginger 1 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder 1 1 tablespoon instant minced onions 1 1/3 cup slivered almonds 1 1/4 cup butter or margarine, melted
Sprinkle fish with salt and paprika. I Mix vegetables, soy sauce, ginger, garlic, onions and almonds. Divide mixture between fish fillets. Fold over fish fiUet to enclose vegetable filling. Place filled fillets in a single layer on a well greased baking sheet. Brush with melted butter or margarine. Bake in a pre-heated mod- erate oven (350» F.) for 25 to 30 minutes. Remove from pan carefully using a pancake turner. Serve hot Cran- berry Onion Sauce over fish. Garnish with watercress.
CRANBERRY ONION SAUCE
(Makes 2 cups)
'' 2 tablespoons butter
1 1 onion, chopped
I 1 can (16 ounces) Ocean Spray whole
I berry cranberry sauce
i 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
j Melt butter in heavy skillet. Add
chopped onion and saute until golden.
I Add cranberry sauce and Worcestershire
: sauce. Simmer, stirring occasionally, until
bubbly. Spoon over stuffed fish filiptc
CRANBERRY KULICH
(Makes 1 large Kulich)
1 package (13-3/4 ounces) hot roll mix 2/3 cup lukewarm water
2 eggs
1/4 cup melted butter or margarine
1/3 cup sugar
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 container (18 ounces) mixed candied fruit
1/2 cup Ocean Spray cranberry-orange
relish from a 14 oz. jar All-purpose fk)ur 1-1/2 cups confectioners' sugar
2 to 3 tablespoons Ocean Spray cran- berry juice cocktail
Remove yeast in hot roll mix and dissolve in lukewarm water. Stir in eggs, butter, sugar and cinnamon. Beat in
flour from hot roll mix. Beat in candied fruit and relish. Turn out dough on a heavily floured board and knead until smooth and elastic, adding flour as needed. Place in bowl. Cover and let rise in a warm place until double in bulk, about IVi hours. Knead dough again until elastic. Grease a 46-ounce juice can and place ball of dough down into can leaving the top as smooth as possible. Let rise in a warm place until double in bulk, about 30 minutes. Bake in a pre- heated moderate oven (250° F.) on lowest oven rack, for 50 to 60 minutes, or until top of kuhch pops out of pan and is rounded and richly browned. Cool in pan. Remove from pan and spoon glaze over top of bread.
Glaze
Mix confectioners' sugar and cran- berry juice until the consistency of heavy cream.
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
-Jl
15
STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3 completed prior to the frost season. Applications returned after this date will result in the subscriber's name being placed at the bottom of the telephone hst. There were approx- imately 207 subscribers last season. Let's hope there will be an increase this season.
Charts
The 1973 insect and disease and weed control charts have been printed and mailed. Growers are reminded to carefully read all notes and cautions on the charts-these are important. Anyone not receiv- ing charts should contact the Cran- berry Station in East Wareham. Weather February was very nearly normal in temperature, averaging 0.1° a day below normal. Maximum tempera- ture was 55° on the 2nd and mini- mum 2° on the 18th. Warmer than average days were 2-3rd, 5th, 14- 15th and 21st. Cooler than average periods occurred on the 1st, 10- 13th, 16-18th and 26-28 th.
Precipitation totalled 2.99 inches or 0.55 inches below normal. There were 12 days with measurable pre- cipitation with the largest storm of
1.62 inches on the 2nd and 3rd. As can be seen, everything else was on the light side. We are now 2.6 inches below normal for the two-month period and 3V^ inches behind 1972. Snowfall totalled 11.3 inches oc- curring on six different days. This was more than average but with the exception of a 6^A inch storm on the ll-12th, everything else was of nuisance value.
A RESOUNDING "NO" TO ORGANICS
Continued from Page 5
From the results of this test, where vegetables were grown with dehydrated manure and no pesti- cides in comparison with pesticides and chemical fertilizer, the answer was a resounding "no." But many people were quick to imply a biased test.
Yields in the plot that received only animal manure were lower be- cause of disease infection, insect damage, and the slower availability of nutrients, even though equal amounts of N, P, and K as used on the chemically fertUized plot were applied.
ASHLEY FIREFLY FROST ALARM
• « i
•PRECISE-switch selection - 25 to 38° F.
•ACCURATE-±0.5F
•F AST-rapid response to temperature change-flashing colored signals visible over half-mile.
green- safe yellow- caution red- danger
•DEPENDABLE-solid-state microelec- tronic reliability -no moving parts-no adjustments or calibration required- complete operational self test provided by front panel switch.
•AUTOMATIC -operation of external pumps, motors, bells, etc. controlled by internal transistor switch-accessor- ies and hookup instructions available.
FROST ALARM
DISTRIBUTORS
Hayden Separator Cranberry Products, Inc. Interface Engineering. Inc. W. Wareham. Mass. Eagle River. Wisconsin Sto^^hton Mass^ Call 617-295-0497 Call 715-470-4466 Call 617-344-7383
WISCONSIN
On February 7 colder air returned to Wisconsin. Sunshine was quite plentiful for a mild winter month, and surface thawing of frost in the ground has been somewhat affected by exposures to the sun. Lakes in southern Wisconsin where the ice cover has been relatively transparent due to lack of snow cover in recent weeks have experienced some melt- ing and thinning of this ice from below, especially in shallow areas, due to solar heating of the water.
Between 4 and 8 inches of snow fell in many northern counties with the February 1-2 storm, while mod- erate rain on frozen ground brought many southern streams temporarily over their banks.
Except for two brief periods of cold weather on February 10-12, and on the 15-17, temperatures av- eraged above normal, thus contin- uing the regime of mild weather which began December 18, 1972. Temperature extremes ranged be- tween mild 40's in the southwest on the 22nd and 23rd and cold read- ings of -27 degrees at Mellen on the 10th and -30 degrees at Danbury in Burnett County on the 16th. Even Darlington in the extreme south- west reported in with a chilly -19 degrees on February 17.
Precipitation was generally light and in contrast to so many other times this season fell almost totally as snow. A snowstorm on February 13-14 brought 13 inches of snow to Gurney in the snowbelt of Iron County while nearby Mellen re- ported 7 inches.
OREGO^-Continued from Page 13 expected to continue to drift up- ward. Superphosphates ammonium phosphates and probably urea are expected to be priced at or near their ceilings. Advance planning and checking with dealers now look to be more important than ever so as to be sure that fertilizers will be available locally when needed for bog use.
16
% serving llie WISCflNSIH groweps %
IRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS ..... 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
/ernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
elker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN iVrea 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
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WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
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p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
%^
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
/A^
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Massachusetts
New Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
-^ \A/ashington
Canada
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CRANBERRIIS
THE NATIOIMAI. CRAIMBERRY MAGAZINE
Jdan
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^ BIBECTDBY top mfikm mmn -^
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In industry as well as the home, elec+ricity has been a vital key to progress. 1+ is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
.■■i:i'ifii-ig-;vi;H-an,i;\ii.'i-i'iiiniE2az!a—
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
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The
CHARLES W.HARRIS Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
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Sprinklers
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Pumps
Highest Quality Products
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How
OSHA
Affects
YOU
Here's a run-down of Occupational Safety and Health Act standards which apply to agricul- ture. More regulations are slated for 1973 - and failure to comply means stiff penalties
Power to enforce the Occupa- tional Safety and Health Act is in the hands of the Secretary of Labor and the new Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, a quasi-judicial board of three mem- bers appointed by the President.
The number of inspection offices and officers around the country is fast increasing, and normally em- ployers will be given no warning of inspections. Inspectors can inspect all pertinent conditions on the premises, including structures, equipment, and materials; question anyone privately; and require the testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence under oath.
An inspection can also be re- quested by an employee for a violation of an existing standard or for any condition that he feels represents an imminent danger. If the inspector agrees that a danger exists that might cause serious physical harm before it could be eliminated through normal enforce-
ment procedures, he can recom- mend that the Secretary seek a restraining order from the U.S. district court. If these channels fail, the employee himself can bring a mandamus action in district court to compel the Secretary to act.
Under normal enforcement pro- cedures, however, every citation carries with it a "reasonable" time limit for correction, although the citation itself must be immediately posted in a prominent place. If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed period, a penalty will be assessed.
These penalties are mostly mone- tary and can run up to $10,000 for each violation, so don't treat OSHA lightly. Serious violations, those which involve a "substantial probability" of death or serious physical injury, incur mandatory penalties of up to $1,000, and the same amount may be assessed for non-serious violations. If an em- ployer fails to correct a violation
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
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INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
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WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. 715-835-5157 Madison, Wis. 608-222-4151
Escanaba, Mich. 906-786-6920 Green Bay, Wis. 414-435-6639
Milwaukee, Wis. 414-461-5440 Ironwood, Mich. 906-932-0222
|H| INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
■ '■• IMTCDM&TIOMAI HARUFRTFR rOMPANY
within the prescribed time period, he can actually be penalized up to $1,*000 each day that he fails to comply!
He does have some recourse. If he notifies the Labor Department within 15 days after the penalty is set that he is contesting the citation, the time limit, and/or the penalty, the Review Commission must give him the opportunity for a hearing. (Employees can contest time limits too, though.)
Employers can also challenge an addition or modification of the Act in the U.S. Court of Appeals within 60 days of its promulgation, so stay abreast of future develop- ments.
Additional information regard- ing forms and record-keeping re- quirements may be obtained from the Office of Information Service, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. 20210.
yA
1
9
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
Western Pickers
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
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COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST
CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
2
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CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Bill NEWS
NOTA SCOTIA
The mean temperature in degrees for the month of March was 2.7° above the 50-year average of 29.4. So far, the rponth of April has been cold. Snow came on the night of April 11 and it was cold again on the night of the 12th.
Recently we had a paper on the post harvest physiology of the cran- berry published in HortScience. Upon request, we would be glad to send anyone a reprint.
A recent item in the press indi- cates that lowbush blueberry grow- ers in Nova Scotia will probably have the opportunity to join in a cost sharing crop insurance scheme. This is something for our cranberry growers to consider.
WASBINGfON
♦41111 mum li********
Field Day at the Coastal Wash- ington Unit will be June 30. This will mark 50 years in operation for cranberry research on the Long Beach Peninsula and Washington State cranberry growers. Some spe- cial features are planned and an open invitation is extended to all to join the celebration.
Arlen Davison, Extension Plant Pathologist from the Puyallup Cen- ter spoke for the growers meetings, March 7 at Grayland Community Hall, and March 9 at Long Beach. His topic "How to Cope with Fungus Diseases."
Azmi Shawa attended the South- west Washington Weed Association meeting March 22, held at the Ford's Prairie Grange Hall, Cen- tralia. On March 29th he attended a seminar on latest procedures used in neutron activation analyses by Dr. Lee Van Nice of Washington State University, at Puyallup Center.
The February warm spell dropped off for a mean of 49.06° during March, the high of 56° came on the 25th. The mean low was 37.32° with a low of 31° on the 8th, 1 1th, 24th and 29th. Precipitation for the month totaled 8.61 inches with the greatest amount on the 19th of 1.40 inches.
Another bulletin of interest to cranberry growers, and all those interested in pollination for com- mercial crops, E.M. 3473 "How to Reduce Poisoning of Bees from Pesticides." Copies available at the Coastal Washington Res. & Ext. Unit, Rt. 1, Box 570, Long Beach, WA 98631.
STODDARD SOLVENT
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
GASOLINE MOTOR OILS DIESEL FUELS
FUEL OIL
866-4545
Central Heating
CARVER, MASS.
NEWJEBSE7
Continuing the mild trend of this past winter, March was unusually warm. The average temperature was 46.5° or 4.8° above normal. It was the mildest March since 1947 and the third warmest in 43 years at the Cranberry and Blueberry Lab weather station at New Lisbon. Temperatures were above 60° on 12 days and were below 50° on only seven days. Extremes were 71° on the 14th and 21° on the first of the month.
The trend of wet weather was temporarily broken as only a little over an inch of rain fell in the first half of the month. However, the latter half was rainier than normal and the month ended with a total of 3.86 inches, just .01 above nor- mal. This is the sixth successive month of excessive precipitation. During this period 32.77 inches of rain has fallen which is about 13 inches above normal. Only 1/4 of an inch of snow occurred during the entire winter, making it the most snowless year on record.
Rain continues to be heavy in the first few days of April and a worrisome mummy berry disease situation is developing in blueber- ries. Conditions have been ideal for the development of the primary phase of the disease, the "mummy cups," and growers have been un- able to get into their fields to apply control measures. The Burlington County area is particularly vulner- able to the disease. In some rainy springs it has destroyed more than 75% of the crop in some fields. Continued on Page 16
CRANBERRIES..
the onl
GROWER magazine
INSECTICIDE
TOXICITY
TO HONEY BEES
By Carl Johansen, Entomologist, and Arthur H. Retan, Extension Entomology Specialist, Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Washington State University.
Bee poisoning, the destruction of honey bees by insecticides applied for crop pest control, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is particularly damaging on tree fruit, small fruit, cucurbit, vegetable seed, and clover seed crops which are dependent upon honey bees for pollination. The various chemicals are classified as to their hazard to bees and proper conditions of use as follows:
Hazardous at any time on bloom- ing crops—
Aldrin, Azodrin, Banol, Baygon*, Baytex*, Bidrin, Bomyl, Calcium arsenate, CryoUte, Cygon, Dasanit, Diazinon, Dibrom dust, Dieldrin, DNOSBP, Dursban*, EPN, Ethyl- methyl Guthion, Folimat, Furadan, Guthion, Heptachlor, Imidan, Lan- nate dust. Lead arsenate. Lindane & BHC, Malathion dust, Malathion ULV, Matacil, Metacide, Methyl Parathion**, Methyl Trithion, Para- thion, Phosdrin**, Phosphamidon, Sevin, Supracide, Telodrin, Vapona, and Zectran.
Not hazardous // applied in late evening after bees have quit forag- ing, except during periods of high temperature in late evening- Alpha gamma chlordane, Dibrom WP, Malathion EC, Monitor, and Thimet EC.
Not hazardous if applied in either evening or early morning when bees are not foraging, except during periods of high temperatures in these times—
Biothion, Carzol, Chlordane, DDT, Dehiav, Dibrom EC, Dieldrin G, Dilan, Di-Syston EC, Dylox, Endrin, Ethion, Gardona, Galecron & Fun- dal dust, Heptachlor G, Isopropyl
4
Parathion, Lannate SP, Menazon, Methoxychlor, Meta-Systox-R, Morocide,Nemacide(V-C 13),NPD, Orthene, Perthane, Phostex, Phos- vel, Pirimor, Rho thane (TDE), Sevin-4-oil, Systox, TEPP**, Thanite, Thimet G**, Thiocron, Thiodan, Torak, Toxaphene, Toxa- phene + DDT, Tranid, Trithion, Vydate, and Zolone.
Not hazardous at any time on blooming crops—
Acarol, Allethrin, Aramite, Baygon G, Chlorobenzilate, Chloropro- pylate, Dasanit G, Dessin, Dimite, Di-Syston G**, DN-111, Fenson, Furadan G, Galecron and Fundal SP EC, Genite 923, Karathane, Kelthane, Kepone, Lethane 384, Lime-sulfur, Lovozal, Malathion G, Micasin, Milbex, Mirex, Mitox, Morestan, Neotran, Nicotine, Nissol, Oil sprays (superior type), Omite, Ovex, Pentac, Plictran, Pyrethrum, Rotenone, Ryania, Schradan, Sevin G, Sodium Fluosilicate bait, Sulfur, Sulphenone, Tedion and Temik G. General Precautions
1 Do not apply insecticides which have a long residual toxicity to bees on blooming crops.
2 Mow or beat down orchard cover crop blooms before applying in- secticides.
3 Apply certain moderate hazard or short residual insecticides only when bees are not foraging.
4 Use relatively nonhazardous in- secticides whenever possible.
5 Choose the less hazardous types of insecticide /orwMtor/om when- ever possible.
6 Establish holding yards of honey bee colonies at least 3 miles
from orchards or fields.
7 Contact the beekeeper to remove honey bee colonies from the area, if feasible.
8 Do not use chlordane or Vapona for pest control in beekeeping storage facilities.
9 When insect pests are known to be damaging to a crop every season, use a preventive type program of early application be- fore population increase, foliage growth, and weather conditions reduce effectiveness of the in- secticide.
10 Observe regulations of the Wash- ington State Department of Agri- culture which restrict the use of chemicals hazardous to bees on certain blooming crops.
* Baygon, Baytex, and Dursban at mosquito abatement rates are not hazardous to bees after a few hours. ** Methyl parathion, Phosdrin, TEPP, Thimet G, and Di-Syston G should not be used where there is a possible fumigation hazard to honey bees.
''\ 1'
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
•
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS \ LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
( ^■<^»»^»^.#**»^»^»»»»*»*»* * * # »^^^
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisheT
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Issue of May 1973 I Volume 38 - No.l
Office: R-5S Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
UGHT AND HONEY BEE POLLINATION
The value of crop pollination by honey bees, akeady estimated in the billions of dollars each year, may some day be enhanced by applying recent findings by a team of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists in cooperation with the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison.
Agricultural engineer Benjamin F. Detroy and entomologist Eric H. Erickson, both of USDA's Agricultural Research Service, in working with dis- posable pollination units (DPlTs), found that light, or absence of light, was one of the more important physical stimuli to bee activity. Using DPLPs is an experimental concept in crop pollination in which growers are provided with expendable bees in dis- posable packages that can be distributed throughout fields or orchards.
The scientists demonstrated that when light pene- tration in the DPlTs was lowered, bee mortality was reduced, drifting of bees decreased, and comb building and nectar storage increased. In a room with controlled environment containerized bees re- sponded to increased light with increased activity and also encountered increased mortality.
Major problems in developing the DPU concept have been associated with type of container and shipment. The new findings may help enlarge the scope of the bee industry.
-NEWS U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service North Central Region
I- advisors - correspondents -^
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5 (W per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Cranberry
Slalion
I Field Notes
Personals
Prof. William Tomlinson attended a meeting in Washington, D. C. on March 27. This was a meeting called by the USDA to obtain information on various agricultural uses of diel- drin.
Club Meetings
The March series of cranberry club meetings were held in Kingston on March 20, Rochester, March 21 and Barnstable, March 22. Prof- William Tomlinson discussed current insect recommendations. Mr. An- drew Card, a commercial apiarist, presented an interesting talk on the "Biology of the Honeybee." Dr. Robert Devlin presented a progress report on experimental herbicides. Dr. Bert Zuckerman spoke about "Problems Involved with Fungi- cides." Prof. Stan Norton showed a motion picture of his experimental dry harvest machine. The author presented reports on long term morcran trials and some fertilizer experiments.
The clubs elected officers for the new season. The South Shore Club re-elected Wilfred Galletti, presi- dent, Ashley Holmes, vice-president and Bob Alberghini, secretary-treas- urer. The Southeastern Club elected Doug Beaton, president, Clark Grif- fith, vice-president and Ken Ash- burn, secretary-treasurer. The Cape Cod Club re-elected Neal Ames, president, James Jenkins, vice-pres- ident, Mrs. Crawford Hollidge, secre- tary and Victor Adams, treasurer.
Weather
March averaged 5.8 degrees a day above normal to finish off a very mild winter. December was much above normal, January slightly above and February just about normal. This was the warmest
6
by IRVING E. OEMORANVILLE
extension cranberry specialist
March since 1946 and the fourth warmest in our records, surpassed only by 1946, 1945 and 1936. Maximum temperature was 63° on the 16th and minimum 17° on the 1st. Warmer than average days oc- curred on the 4th, 8-9th, 11- 14th, 16- 17th, 19th, 24-26th, 31st. The only cooler than normal days were the 20-22nd and 27th.
Precipitation totalled only 2.93 inches which is nearly 2 inches be- low normal. There were measurable amounts on 15 days with 0.93 inches on the 4th as the largest storm. We are 4Vi inches below normal for the 3-month period and 5% inches behind 1972 for the same time. Snowfall was only 2.0
inches total for the month which, strangely enough, is exactly the same as in March 1972. The snow occurred on the 22nd. This is less than 1/3 our average. Most bogs have had the water drawn for at least a month and the vines look good. The bud appears excellent at this time. Winterkill does not seem serious, more of a wind-burn and there is little if any oxygen defi- ciency. The season is definitely ad- vanced when compared to recent years. Since 1964, we have been cooperators in a phenology study at the Station where red persian lilacs are used to determine the advance- ment of the spring season, or "green wave" as it is sometimes called. Continued on Page 15
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ISattpttbronk Moo&lan^a
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Call us, and we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
Mill location Route 44, Middleboro-Carver Town Line.
^NUlard A. Rhodes President
CRANBERRIES SHIPPED BY NEW METHOD
A new way of rushing West Coast cranberries to Midwest points for blending and national distribu- tion was announced by officials of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and Burlington Northern.
Quick-frozen cranberries are pneumatically blown into specially- equipped refrigerator cars and sucked out at their destination by giant vacuums.
The first 100,000-lb. refrigerated carload of cranberries, in what may amount to shipment of some 4 milHon pounds from Eugene Freez- ing, Eugene, in the next few months was scheduled to arrive late in April at Ocean Spray's Kenosha, Wis., plant.
Gary Gustafson, Burlington Nor- thern's marketing specialist in Eu- gene, calls the new concept "the cran...brrr...y shuffle, a cool move in imaginative marketing.
Berries from bogs in Oregon, Washington, the Great Lakes area. New Jersey and New England states each have distinctive characteristics. Color is most important, as richness of natural color has high consumer appeal on the grocer's shelf.
By blending berries from dif- ferent sources, Ocean Spray achieves the most appealing color balance. This requires added shipping from distant points across the nation.
"Just a few years ago, the major use of cranberries was for relishes, jelly and whole cooked fruit, tra- ditionally served with turkey and other birds at seasonal occasions like Thanksgiving and Christmas," says Ocean Spray's traffic manager John R. Pascoe, Hanson, Mass.
"Today's market covers the full year," he said, "because cranberry lovers have discovered the fruit, jellies, mixed-juices and other prod- ucts complement breakfast, lunch and dinner any day of the year."
It was thus, that about five years ago the cranberry business shifted much of its volume to fast- frozen storage and year-around ship- ping.
The perishable berries require continuous refrigeration at about minus 10 degrees, and until now, the only way they could be moved in refrigerated rail cars in the frozen state was to use bins each holding several hundred pounds of berries.
The bins provided space for cold air circulation throughout the freight cars and keep the berries from plugging up cold air outlets and return ducts.
Handling the many bulky bins at loading and unloading points seemed a bit inefficient and costly to Ocean Spray's traffic men and engineers, so they pursued the idea of a screen lining for the refrigerator cars as a possible means for handling the bullet-hard frozen berries in bulk.
"The idea was a good one," says LeRoy Couture, BN's manager of commodity marketing for frozen foods at St. Paul, Minn., "but it was a bit too costly a way of keep- ing berries out of the air ducts."
Couture reasoned that once fro- zen, the berries would keep their cool, if only exterior parts of the load at the top, sides and bottom of the cars could be kept at the sharp-freeze level. He suggested use of a simple cardboard liner, and it worked.
Ocean Spray developed a pneu^ matic system for blowing berries into the cars and a vacuum system for unloading and BN, with its Western Fruit Express subsidiary, worked out refrigerator car me- chanical details and rail service arrangements.
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Couture said the new concept eliminates the bins, which previously had to be shipped back to origin points, speeds up loading and un- loading, and saves rail-car time through better utilization.
"Any way you look at it," he says, "the new technique means a better and more economical way to satisfy consumer tastes through innovative marketing, transporta- tion and distribution. We're now studying the same concept at Bur- lington Northern in our marketing planning division for rail shipment of other frozen food products."
-Oregon Journal
OCEAN SPRAY EXPLAINS MARKETING PROBLEMS
Facts and figures of interest to cranberry growers were presented to them during a growers meeting by officials from the head office of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., in Hanson, Mass.
Meeting with the Ocean Spray growers were Harold Thorkilsen, president and chief executive of- ficer; Endre Endresen, vice presi- dent of operations; John Connally, vice president in charge of market- ing; Gilbert T. Beaton, director of grower services; all of Hanson, and Robert C. Lucas, West Coast area manager from Markham, Wash.
Marketing Order
Beaton spoke on the Federal Marketing Order which was put into effect by the cranberry in- dustry five years to help keep the production of berries in line with the sales.
Terms of the allotment program, which will govern the 1974 crop, were presented to the growers, although they have not yet been approved and will require a later vote.
At the time the Federal Market- ing Order for cranberry production was put into effect five years ago, the industry put a halt on the planting of new bogs.
The quota of cranberries that each grower will be allowed to
7
produce-which will be known as his base quantity— will be figured on the basis of the average number of berries in his two best crop years from the period 1968-1973, divided by two.
A percentage of the grower's quota that equals anticipated sales will be allocated to each, and he will be paid for his alloted per- centage, and the remainder of the berries will be disposed of.
Beaton explained to the growers that Ocean Spray is seeking to be the handler to dispose of the extra berries instead of the individual growers.
Cost of Materials
In a talk concerning the market- ing of berries, Endresen cited dra- matic increases in the cost of production, referring to the high cost of materials such as labels, bottles, sugar, caps, etc.
He told the growers that the cost of the glass bottles alone amounted to over $11,000,000 annually.
"And now with the elimination of Phase 3, there will be an antici-
pated increase in the cost each year, the amounts of which will be unpredictable," explained a spokes- man.
Endresen explained that out of every sales dollar, 52.9% goes for the cost of manufacturing.
At present the grower realizes Hi out of every sales dollar, but the Ocean Spray officials explained that a goal of management is to raise that percentage so that 30^ of every dollar will be distributed to the growers. He explained that they hope to cut the costs of manufac- turing down to 50^, with 20^ to go for advertising and administration, and the other 30^ to the grower.
Marketing Procedure
Ocean Spray's new marketing specialist, John Connelly, gave a detailed presentation regarding mar- keting procedure for the spring and summer campaign, which includes slides, previews of TV commercials, magazine illustrations and a break- down regarding anticipated sales in each category.
He also seviewed findings of recent research regarding house- wives' reaction to Ocean Spray
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
products, including several new products.
Change in Philosophy
Thorkilsen spoke on a change in the philosophy regarding new prod- ucts. He favors concentrating on established products that still do "not have their share of the market."
He felt Ocean Spray should maximize efforts on products with a greater return, and play down efforts on bringing new products into the market place.
He told the growers that it is both expensive and slow to bring a new product onto the market. "The time for this type of investment spending will have to be when growers are assured of a return per barrel that will establish to them a fair return for their time and money invested," he explained.
He then went into detail as to how he expects to increase the return per barrel each year by reasonable increases in sales, by holding the costs down in the purchasing de- partment and lowering the ratio of production costs, thereby increasing the ratio of return per barrel.
Growers were paid $10.86 per barrel for the 1970-71 crop, $11.10 for last year's crop, and the antici- pated figure for this year's crop is $12.64.
obiruany
C. CLIFFORD GEORGE
Funeral services were held in the Bandon Chapel for C. Clifford George, 67, a longtime resident of Bandon, Oregon who died March 3 1 .
A resident of Croft Lake Road, Mr. George was born Aug. 6, 1905 in Staunton, 111.
Mr. George came to Bandon in 1958 where he and his sons owned and operated the Bandon Food Center (now Buck's Sentry Market). He and his wife, Doris, also own the Econo Wash Laundromat in Bandon as well as their own cran- berry bogs.
At long last! Governor Sargent has filed enabling legislation on use- value assessment of agricultural and horticultural lands in Massachusetts. Hearings will be scheduled shortly, and your Farm Bureau will go all out to obtain passage of this vital bill.
Many farmers realize how im- portant this effort will be, and have already responded to MFBF Presi- dent Dave Mann's letter. Some farmers stepped up with substan- tially more money, thus indicating their strong support for Farm Bu- reau's tireless efforts to keep farm- ing alive in Massachusetts.
Farm Bureau is you . . . and can succeed only if you accept your fair share of the responsibility. We have worked too long and too hard to lose this fight at this critical point. PLEASE! We ask you to write your check today, and be a part of this massive farmers struggle for survival.
Gonna sit right down and write my Congressman a letter. About the so-called Muskie-Baker amendment to the Highway Trust fund, which was passed by the Senate, and will be before the House in Washington very soon. This amendment will make about one billion dollars avail- able for states and cities to divert (if they wish) to mass transit sys- tems. Your Congressman will ap- preciate a brief note from you, stating your views on whether money collected from highway users should be diverted to mass transit. The Highway Trust Fund was es- tabhshed to assure the public of adequate, safe highways. It seems to us that this is a valid purpose, and the integrity of this Fund should be preserved. Agree? Write your Congressman.
Farm Bureau Day at the State House in Boston was a big success. Over 150 members came to Card-
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ner Auditorium from all over the state, and heard a comment on the farmland assessment act from En- vironmental Affairs Secretary Chas. Foster, a thorough briefing on the important features from Christopher Sykes of Ashburnham, remarks by Senator Roger Bernashe, Represen- tative Steve Chmura and MFBF President Dave Mann, and a run- down on legislation by Executive Secretary Phil Good.
Bee Hives for pollination services are available. Contact Mr. Edwin Buck at Edwin A. Buck Apiary, Ridge Road, Rutland, Massachu- setts 01543. Phone (617) 886-4483.
Immediate opening for man in grower-greenhouse operation, lo- cated in Cohasset, Mass. Year-round position, five greenhouses on the property. A small house with two bedrooms is available for man, wife and one or two children. Contact Mr. Robert Davenport, 163 Sohier Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts.
Springfield College Sophomore has written to the state Farm Bu- reau office, looking for an oppor- tunity to live and work on a farm in Massachusetts this summer. He is short on experience, but says he wants to work outdoors, and is wil- ling to learn. He resides in Worcester and will be ready to work early in June. He also says he'll provide references. If you're interested, please contact Jeffrey R. Silkman at 207 Lakeside Hall, Springfield College, Springfield, Mass. 01109. His mail box number is 877.
Another big success is reported from FLAME Manager George Han- son on this year's Used Farm Ma- chinery Sale. He tells us it was the "biggest ever" and attracted huge crowds. This has grown into one of agriculture's most popular events, thanks to the efforts of all the FLAME people involved.
Continued on Page 12
A SHOWER CAKE . . . A WEDDING CAKE . . . A PARTY CAKE
Name your celebration and serve up this very special party cake. For this is not just an ordinary cake! It has tangy cranberry-orange relish as one of the ingredients to give it a delightful color and a just-right flavor. Candied fruits and nuts add their bit to make it a really festive cake.
A TRADITIONAL WEDDING CAKE
(Makes 2 1 0-inch layers and 2 7-inch layers)
11/3 cup vegetable shortening
3 cups granulated sugar 6 eggs
2 cups milk
5 cups sifted regular all-purpose flour
4 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt
1 jar (14 ounces) cranberry -orange
relish 1/2 cup chopped nuts 1/2 cup chopped mixed candied
fruits
For Frosting
1 cup butter or margarine
2 pounds confectioners' sugar About 1/3 cup milk
Red food coloring
Cream shortening and gradually beat in sugar. Beat in eggs, one at a time; add milk; then beat in flour, baking powder and salt. Beat with an electric mixer until smooth. Fold in ^A cup of the reUsh, nuts and fruits. Pour batter into two 10-inch layer cake pans and two 7-inch layer cake pans which have been greased and floured. Bake in a preheated 325°F oven for 1 hour
for 10-inch layers and 40 minutes for 7-inch layers. Unmold layers and cool on a rack. Put layers together with remaining cranberry- orange relish, stacking two 10-inch layers with two 7-incl. layers on top. Cream butter until soft and fluffy. Gradually beat m confec- tioners' sugar, mixture will be crumbly. Gradually add milk and beat until smooth. Add vanilla extract, if desired. Tint frosting pink with red food coloring. Spread
S
If
cranberry growers
For just $2.50 per acre plus cost of materials applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungi- cides through your sprinkler systems. Compare these features:
1. No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined.
2. No waiting for fog to lift-also can work in the dark of night if necessary.
Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results.
No need to worry about added health insurance of em- ployees.
No disposal problems of empty poison containers. Consideration given to large acreage. All billing done in September.
I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this serv- ice. CaU BOB ALBERGHINI, Wareham, Mass., at 295-9092 or if no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop, Plymouth, at 746-2734. g
frosting on top and sides of cake. If desired decorate cake with small jelly beans and surround cake with tiny rose buds. Place a small bou- quet of rose buds on top of the cake.
SHORT WORK VERSION OF TRADITIONAL WEDDING CAKE
(Makes 2 10-inch layers and 2 7-inch layers)
3 packages (17 ounces each)
pound cake mix 6 eggs
2 cups milk
1 jar (14 ounces) cranberry-orange
relish 1/2 cup chopped nuts 1/2 cup chopped candied mixed
fruits
3 cans (16^2 ounces each) vanilla frosting
Red food coloring
Combine pound cake mix, eggs and milk. Beat with an electric mixer until smooth. Fold in ^A cup of the relish, nuts and fruits. Pour batter into greased and floured pans— two 10-inch layer cake pans and two 7-inch layer cake pans. Bake in a preheated 325°F oven for 1 hour for 10-inch layers and 40 minutes for 7-inch layers. Un- mold layers and cool on a rack. Put layers together with remaining cranberry-orange rehsh, stacking two 10-inch layers with two 7-inch layers on top. Tint frosting pink with red food coloring. Spread frosting on top and sides of cake. If desired, decorate cake with small jelly beans and surround cake with tiny rose buds. Place a small bouquet of rose buds on top of the cake.
JO
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Flo. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handUng your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Altoii Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WAi.»iER, Univ. of Wis. 101 pages, 6 X 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to ttie field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illu§., $9.50
'Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- mg Agricultural Products... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering. . .Soil Erosion Control ... and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. W. THORNE and H. B. PETERSON
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents oi this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY WARREN ANDERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
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11
CONTROL CRANBERRY INSECTS NOT POLLINATORS
By William E. Tomlinson, Jr.
It has been well documented by several investigators that cranberry flowers are pollinated almost ex- clusively by bees. Wild bees, par- ticularly bumblebees are important natural pollinators of cranberries. Their numbers, however, vary lo- cally and from year to year due to uncontrollable factors so that many growers have found it good in- surance to keep or rent honeybees for optimum pollination.
Whether honeybees are used for pollination or dependence is placed in naturally occurring populations of wild bee pollinators it benefits cranberry growers to conduct their pest control operations in a manner least harmful to these pollinators.
To stress this fact, since 1956 the Massachusetts cranberry insect charts have cautioned against ap- plying insecticides during bloom. With proper attention to insect conditions on the bog this can usu- ally be accompUshed with the spring insects because they all occur and should be controlled before bloom for the least crop injury.
Unfortunately the same is not true with cranberry fruitworm and summer brood Sparganothis fruit- worm. The prolonged period that an individual cranberry bog is in bloom (approximately a month) means that early opening blossoms have set fruit before the last^loom is even open. It is in this late bloom period that the conflict be- tween insect control and polUnators most frequently occurs because it is also during this late bloom period that cranberry and Sparganothis fruitworm flight and egg laying activity is at its peak.
It is neither wise nor necessary to wait for the complete cessation of bloom to apply control measures for these fruitworms. Cage tests by Marucci in New Jersey showed that vines exposed to pollinators in suit- able weather for a week during the 12
peak of bloom set their optimum crop and continuing the exposure until the close of bloom does not appreciably increase the set.
This forms the basis for the recommendation that growers de- pending on aircraft applied fruit- worm sprays delay the first applica- tion until a week or 10 days after mid-bloom. Beekeepers should be notified of the intended spray in ample time to remove their hives from the bog area before the sprays are appUed. The last remaining bloom would make few marketable berries anyway, and removal of the hives may well mean the difference between colonies that survive the winter and ones that won't.
For growers using sprinklers to apply their insecticides it is not necessary to remove the bees from the bog area if spray applications are made in the evening after bee activity on the bog has ceased for the night. Often the evening is also the best time of day to make applications because there is less air movement then. Before dawn the modern fast acting insecticides will have accomplished their mission. Therefore, before bee activity starts again on the bog the sprinklers onould be turned on and run for an hour or more to dilute and also
wash the insecticides from the leaves and blossoms. If the bog is in need of moisture all the better. Run the sprinklers long enough to give the desired amount of irriga- tion. As long as the bog is soaking wet or being sprinkled bees will avoid working on it.
With these two alternatives cran- berry growers should be able to produce large crops of cranberries and allow the beekeepers to rent bees to them without suffering the excessive bee kill and consequent weakening of hives that has some- times occurred in the past when sprays were applied with Uttle re- gard to pollinators.
MASS. FARM BUREAU
Continued from Page 9
The sudden and tragic death of Charles Llewellyn, President of the Farm Bureau Association, has stun- ned farm people all across the state. Charles Llewellyn, the dairyman from Northfield, was a man of great heart who gave so unselfishly of himself to help his fellow farmers. Those of us who knew him will miss his gentle manner.
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
;>-».jfc4>-te
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
4UU)-AUU)-U-4>-H-A>-aac
^^^^S^^^Hfs
There are exemptions to the ban on open burning in Massachusetts. These exemptions which permit open burning for agricultural pur- poses, are contained in sections 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.7 and 7.2.8 of the Air Pollution regulations. They are quite specific. BUT . . . AND THIS IS IMPORTANT ... you MUST have either verbal or written per- mission from the Division of En- vironmental Health, which stipu- lates that your open burning is in fact agricultural. THIS PERMIS- SION MUST BE REQUESTED BY YOURSELF. Now, once you have permission to burn from the En- vironmental Health people, you
must also have a fire permit from your local Fire Department. BE SURE TO CONTACT YOUR LO- CAL FIRE DEPARTMENT. Show them your permission, and request a fire permit, for every day you plan to burn. Some farmers have mistakenly assumed they could go ahead and burn tree prunings (for example) without permission from anybody. THIS IS WRONG- YOU MUST HAVE PERMISSION TO BURN, AND FROM TWO (2) SOURCES: Environmental Health and your local Fire Department.
TO OBTAIN PERMISSION from the Environmental Health Division,
you should contact the Director of
Air Pollution Control in your area.
HERE'S WHERE TO CALL:
Metro Boston area (Suffolk, Nor- folk, Middlesex, parts of Essex and Plymouth)-(617) 727-5 194, in Bos- ton.
Southeastern (Plymouth, Bristol,
Cape)-(617) 947-1060 in Middle-
boro.
Central (Worcester)-(617) 791-
8151 in Worcester.
Merrimac Valley (Middlesex and Essex) 727-4610 in Boston or 851- 7261 in Lawrence.
Pioneer Valley (Franklin, Hamp- shire, Hampden)-(413) 785-5327 in Springfield.
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13
TRAPS KEEP BEES
<^
Courtesy Oregon's Argicultural Progress and Oregon State University.
Honeybees, too, have a sweet tooth.
They are drawn to plants with a high-sugar nectar source and easy to obtain pollen while neglecting less attractive crops. The result is inef- ficient pollination and lower fruit or seed yields for the less desirable crops such as red clover, cranberries and blueberries. This means bees are worth less to the grower, lim- iting what beekeepers can earn through pollination contracts - a source of much of their income.
Pollen collection increased
Attempts to increase honeybee pollen collecting efficiency are un- derway by OSU entomologist W. P. Stephen. He believes limiting the amount of pollen taken into a hive will st.imulate pollen collecting and is using pollen traps— fine-meshed screens over the hive entrance that scrape pollen from the bee legs as they pass through the screen to enter the hive— to test this concept.
Use of pollen traps increased pollen collection in red clover as much as 300 percent over a five-day period. Bees reacting to stress cre- ated by lack of poUen entering the hive, also went the shortest distances to get the needed pollen and sought it from plants they would normally bypass.
The research with pollen traps, in its third year, still has many ques- tions to answer. Effect of the traps on crops other than red clover and their effect on the bee colony itself are being determined. Stephen sus- pects there is a critical point beyond which a shortage of pollen-used as food for worker bees, larvae and to make royal jelly for feeding future 14
Captive biuublebc
pense of some other function within the colony.
Bumblebee rearing tried
OSU entomologists are trying to domesticate the bumblebee as an- other approach to improving pollin- ation efficiency. The bumblebee- bigger and stronger than the honey- bee—can obtain pollen from sources that often frustrate the honeybee's pollen-collecting attempts. For crops such as red clover, cranberries and blueberries the bumblebee is the most efficient pollinator.
However, because the queen bumblebee is the only one to survive the winter and quits reproducing as soon as another queen— which will not be productive until the next year— emerges in her colony, a bum- blebee colony makes it impractical to domesticate and utilize the bum- blebee in the same manner as the honeybee.
cs construct a colony.
If the sex Hfe of the queen bee could be changed to keep her pro- ducing regardless of the presence of new, younger queens, colonies of 1,000 to 1,500 bees could be pro- duced, making it feasible to main- tain hives for pollinating certain crops. By controlling feeding, the entomologists have been able to prevent new queens from develop- ing in laboratory colonies and have successfully kept the original queen producing to increase colony size to more than 1 ,000 bees. But methods for applying this concept to field conditions have not yet been devel- oped.
Bees bring dollars
In addition to their importance to growers in making possible good crop yields, about 40,000 honeybee colonies are registered in Oregon and represent a source of income for a few full-time and many part- time apiarists. A full-time beekeeper
may manage as many as 1,500 col- onies, whereas most part-time bee- keepers maintain fewer than 50 colonies. Most apiarists live in the Willamette Valley, Medford area and Malheur and Umatilla counties.
In Oregon, up to 70 percent of some beekeepers' incomes is derived from pollination contracts, rather than honey sales. Successful at- tempts to increase the pollination efficiency of bees should mean that the apiarist can boost this earnings through pollination contracts.
A fine-meshed screen over the hive entrance scrapes pollen from legs of bees as they enter. r' .••■■■.
dual-type pesticides to extremely toxic organo-phosphates that have no residual effect is causing numer- ous poisoning problems.
Many of the crops that depend on bee pollinators are low in cash value, requiring the grower to go to
the cheapest pesticides— ones usually most detrimental to the bees.
Stephen does not see an immed- iate answer to the pesticide prob- lem. If a solution is not found, it may mean the end of bees, beekeep- ing and certain crops for Oregon.
Mass. Craflberry Station I Field Holes
This is our earliest record of "first leaf by nearly 3 weeks over any other year of observation. Thank goodness the terminal buds of cran- berry are not that far advanced.
Preliminary Keeping Quality Forecast
Weather factors which to April 1 , 1973 influence the quality of this year's Massachusetts cranberry crop, show 6 points of a possible 10 in favor of good quality. At this time, therefore, our forecast is for very good to excellent keeping quality this year. Growers should consider I Frost Warning Service —
The frost warning answering serv- in the past
the following in deciding whether or not to use fungicides: (1) water- harvesting had led to heavier vine- growth where rot-producing organ- isms are often active, (2) this is the last year for qualifying for base quantity, (3) fungicide treatments provide cumulative rot control, and perhaps it's unwise to break the an- nual sequence of fungicide applica- tion, and (4) since last year's fore- cast was "poor" and the crop was "very good," it may be that these forecasts have less value under mod- ern cultural practices.
ice at the Cranberry Experiment Station will soon be in operation with the same telephone number as
The following radio stations are again carrying the frost messages:
|
Station |
Place |
AM. |
F.M. |
Afternoon Evening |
|
WCX)D |
Hyannis |
106.1 mg. |
2:00 9:00 |
|
|
WEEI |
Boston |
590 k. |
103.3 mg. |
2:00 9:00 |
|
WBZ |
Boston |
1030 k. |
92.9 mg. |
2:30 9:00 |
|
WPLM |
Plymouth |
1390 k. |
99.1 mg. |
2:30 9:30 |
|
WOCB |
W. Yarmouth |
1240 k. |
94.3 mg. |
3:00 9:30 |
|
WBSM |
New Bedford |
1420 k. |
97.3 mg. |
3:30 9:00 |
The pollen is caught on a tray below the screen.
'^...:?....:-:/..^...-
However, the future is far from bright for the beekeeper— or his bees. The shift from weaker, resi-
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DISTRIBUTORS
Hayden Separator Cranberry Products, Inc. Interface Engineering, Inc. W. Wareham, Mass. Eagle River, Wisconsin Stoughton, Mass. Call 617-295-0497 Call 715-470-4466 Call 617-344-7383
15
WISCONSIN
♦f*«mi*»»**i<iiiniit
A little sprinklike weather pre- vailed across Wisconsin during the first two weeks of March as tem- peratures continued to average well above their seasonal normals. Light rain fell in many areas from the 2nd through the 5 th. Late on the 6th and 7th very heavy thunderstorm rains moved northeastward across the State bringing 2 to 3 inch rain- fall amounts to many stations. Pine River in Waushara County reported ■3.16 inches. Madison with 2.52,
3,16 inches. Madison with 2.52, Bowler with 2.50 and Antigo with 2.30 were not far behind. Only light rains fell in the extreme north- west and along the Lake Michigan shores.
The heavy rains of March 6-7 repeated themselves in many areas on the 10th- 11th and again on the 13th- 14th. These three heavy rains brought a total of 3 to 5 inches of
rain to some areas and caused severe flooding along northeastern rivers like the Wolf and Embarrass. The Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers were likewise overflowing their banks with the former being the highest since 1938 at many points. The nearly 5 inches of rain so far in March at Madison broke the old March record set in 1882. Since March 17th the weather has been mild and dry and river levels are now receding and topsoil moisture is evaporating or moving down. Temperatures during the past two weeks have averaged 8 to 1 2 degrees above normal. Warm upper 60' s or low 70' s occurred in the south on March 14.
0IIE60N
Beekeepers who have indicated an interest in furnishing rental hives for cranberry pollination this year are as follows:
1. Elvin E. Burns, 5300 Upper River Rd., Grants Pass, Ore^n 97526.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOBOBBOOOOOOtt
II
I Cranberry Growers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY In Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON
2536 Cranberry Highway
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73366
KOBOeaOPOOBBBOBBBOBl 16
2. Peter Nesbitt, Rt. 1, Box 381, Moorehead Rd., Fort Dick, Crescent City, Calif. 95531.
3. Clinton E. Plane, 1471 Hathorne St., Chico, Calif. 95926.
4. Walter Vail, 4624 Glen Echo Way, Central Point, Ore. 97501.
Each of the above beekeepers maintains a large number of hives and could bring at least 150 to the Bandon area. Mr. Plane has offered to rent his hives at eight dollars per hive for the period from June 1 to July 17, if what he calls a 'pollina- tion contract' is signed. Mr. Nesbitt is asking nine dollars per hive for the bog pollination season and Mr. Burns and Mr. Vail will also charge nine dollars per hive for the season.
Cranberry growers should write to the beekeeper of their choice for more information.
LEGISLATIVE REPORT
By David Keir County Extension Agent
SB 106-deahng with pesticide regulation and creation of restricted areas. This bill has already been ap- proved by the Oregon senate with amendments. It is presently in the House agriculture and natural re- sources committee where it is going through a series of hearings. The latest hearing was held on May 1. This bill is expected to be passed and signed into law by the end of the legislative session.
SB 107-dealing with setting up countywide and mandatory weed control districts. This bill has been tabled in committee and is consid- ered dead.
% serving llie WISCONSIN growers %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
AU prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S.
University of Wisconsin
Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable
/;S
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
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MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
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HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
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DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2.4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts IMe^A/ Jersey ^/) \A/isconsin ,p Oregon
»D \A/ashingtan '0-; Canada
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CRANBERRIES V
THE NATIONAI. CRANBERdll^Jr^^riflAdAZlNE
UNiV^nP MASS
JUNE 1973
PROLONGING THE LIFE OF
McFARLIN CRANBERRIES 8
MASS. WEED & PESTICIDE 10 FARM BU RE AU !!.^.T.?.£l^9
^^l^i'i 1973
L I D ;u h Y - r r H I A L s c e c t
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-^ DIBECTOBY tpp Gpanteppy gpowers -^
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
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~9
Electricity — key to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS. i?Biu'Ji^j.|.M.i''j.'ij.«i.iuiJi'ijrniTn»7myT?r^
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
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Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE -MAR LOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
SPORE HUPS INITIATED IN OREGON
Plans are underway to continue the effort to determine peak sporu- lation times of the Lophodermium twig blight fungus. In past years this has been done by collecting infected vines and estimating the percent maturity of the fungus fruiting bodies. But this year an efficient and inexpensive method of spore trapping will be introduced so as to get almost daily counts of twig blight sporulation levels in various sections of the cranberfy growing
Several cranberry growers will be called upon to assist in this program. Catch plates at the spore trapping stations will need to be changed on a regular basis through the summer and only with grower participation can this program be suiccessful. The continuing interest and cooperation of cranberry growers toward efforts to solve berry production problems are greatly appreciated.
INDIANS GIVEN GRANTS FOR FARM
Sen. Gaylprd Nelson (D.Wis.) has announced that the Economic De- velopment Administration and the Upper Great Lakes Regional Con»- mission had approved grants total- ing $44,800 to help expand cran- berry farming on the Lac Court Oreilles Indian Reservation in Wis-
The Lac Court Oreilles band of Lake Superior Chippewas of Stone Lake applied for the federal funds to help buy new sprinkler irrigation equipment and modernized harvest- ing equipment for the tribally owned cranberry marsh.
Tribal officials said the project would help assure continued opera- tion of the cranberry marsh, which employs IS Indians.
The EDA is making a $28,000 grant for the project and the Upper Great Lakes Commission $16,800. The Indians are providing $11,200 to complete the total cost of the $56,000 project.
•iF
BLUEBERRY TO GET LONDON PROMOTION
Mrs. Cristina S. Irvin, food in- formation specialist for the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, will spend two weeks in London acquainting the food trade and food writers with the American blue- berry.
New Jersey Secretary of Agri- culture Phillip Alampi hails the promotion in London as an excel- lent step in. opening up new markets for high quality fruits and vege- tables. He stated New Jersey has a special interest in the venture be- cause the Garden State ranks second in the nation in the production of cultivated blueberries.
STODDARD SOLVENT
WATEK WHITE KEROSENE
GASOLINE MOTOR OILS! DIESEL FUELS
FUEL OIL
866-4545 ^h^^^^^ CARVER, MASS.
ZAWISTOWSKI SUIT DISMISSED
The decision of the Circuit Court for Sawyer County in the action brought by the Attorney General against William Zawistowski, a grower from Stone Lake has been received. The decision provides for judgment in favor of the defendant, William Zawistowski, dismissing the State's complaint as to all causes . action.
The State had sought two injunc- tions against the defendant requir- ing him to stop diverting water from Lake Sissabagama until he re- ceived a permit from the DNR and requiring him to remove the ditches and drains connecting his marsh to the lake until he received a permit from the DNR. The third cause of action sought a forfeiture because the defendant allegedly removed some materials from the bed of Lake Sissabagama when installing his ditches and drains.
The State questioned the con- stitutionality of the old cranberry laws and claimed that the cranberry growers were subject to many of the permit requirements of Chapter 30 of the Wisconsin Statutes.
FOR SALE
10 WESTERN PICKERS A-1 CONDITION
CALL OSCAR NORTON 617-763-5385
♦ M M » M M M ♦♦» M M ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦>
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WASBINBTON
ti»ninmnni»*»»»m
The 50th Anniversary of the Coastal Washington Experiment Station, 1923-1973, will be June 30, 1973. The Field Day this year will be centered in on events of interest from these 50 years. D. J. Crowley will be the honor guest, as superintendent from 1923 to 1954. Dr. Glenn Terrell, President of Washington State University will participate, also Dr. C. C. Doughty, Superintendent from 1955-1965, as well as many others. If others are planning to attend, the Station would like to hear from you about the number in your group, to be able to plan for the smoked-bake salmon luncheon, a feature for the noon hour.
A continuation of the "dry" conditions brought only 2.63 inches of precipitation for April, with the greatest amount of .97 on the 16th. Warmer days brought a high of 66" on the 9th and a low of 31° on the 3rd and 7th with bog low of 27° on the 7th.
Azmi Shawa had a paper pub- lished in the March 1973 issue of Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. The title is "Prolonging the Life of Harvested 'McFarlin' Cranberries." This paper presents data showing nutritional foliar sprays significantly reduced percentage breakdown of stored cranberries.
May temperatures ranged from a high of 79° on the 14th to a low of 34° on the 21st with a bog mini- mum of 31°. With hook stage pro- gressing frost protection has been needed five days. The continued dry spell has caused a low water table and irrigation conditions were begun in May. The precipitation for the month was about normal for May with 4.58 inches, a needed increase over the previous period.
The greatest storm came the 24 hours preceding 8:00 a.m. on the 24th with 1.78 inches. Heavy winds accompanied the storm but no damage occurred.
Dr. Folke Johnson, Plant Path- ologist, Western Washington Res. & Ext. Center, Puyallup, for a long time associated with the disease of cranberries in Washington bogs, will be retiring as of July 1973. A retirement party is planned for June 17th, Travel and just enjoying the "free" time will be the first planned activity.
Gail Dunn, a February graduate of Washington State University, has joined the staff at the Coastal Washington Research and Extension Unit as Lab. technician. Her home is in Wapato, Washington.
tif III i»>»»m >♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦
NOVA SCOTIA
Plant development is about normal for this time of year with apple blossoms showing pink on May 22. March was warmer than usual, but April and May have been wet, cold and dull.
<mH..Hi f i|i ■!, ,|, j, i|, <■ ,|.4..|b»in. <..|. <■ ,|, .1.4.
HEW JERSEY
The wet trend of weather con- tinued through April. It was the seventh consecutive month of heav- ier-than-normal rainfall. Total pre- cipitation was 6,56 inches which is 3.19 inches above normal. During he past seven months 39.33 inches of rain has fallen, which is about 16 inches above normal for the period. This wetness has been very favorable for fungus diseases in blueberries. Botrytis and mummy berry disease have caused serious problems to growers.
In terms of temperature the warm trend was also continued. It was very warm during the first part of the month with temperatures going into the high 70's and low 80's on seven days. However, a cold spell toward the end of the month brought the average temperature down to 52.3 which is only 0.6 above normal.
The very warm March and the high temperatures of early April accelerated the growth of blue- berries. By May 5th early varieties had been almost completely polli- nated and later varieties were coming into peak bloom. The season seems to be about ten days to two weeks in advance of normal.
The winter flood was released from a few bogs in March and April but most growers are awaiting the traditional May 10th date. The early-drawn bogs are making rapid growth and are now quite vukerable to frost. Herein is the one advantage of the excessive rains: plenty of water is now available for frost reflowing.
May was unusually wet and cool. The average temperature was 58.4 degrees F. This is 4.4 degrees colder than normal and only . 1 of a degree warmer than the coldest May ever recorded at New Lisbon, in 1968.
It rained almost constantly during the latter half of the month. There was some rainfall on twelve of the last sixteen days of the month and a total of 16 rainy days for the entire month. Most of the precipi- tation was in the form of fine mists, the total for the month being 4.35 inches, which is 0.80 more than normal. The constant wetness throughout the important blossom- ing period of blueberries created ideal conditions for fungus diseases and, consequently, severe damage occurred in the early-blossoming varieties.
As of June 8th, cranberry bogs in New Jersey appear to be in fine condition. Bogs drawn in March and April are beginning to blossom. Tipworm and fireworm populations at this time appear to be lighter 5
than normal. Wild bees seem to be more abundant than usual, as they were in blueberries.
OEEBON
Urea Unavailable
As was noted in this column earlier in the year, some fertilizers will be hard to locate this year. This has certainly proven to be the case with urea. This popular nitrogen fertilizer now seems impossible to find. Moreover, dealers don't hold much hope for any being available even into the summer when urea is normally used as a source of nitro- gen for bogs. I understand it could be late in the fall or even early next year before much urea is available unless there is a drastic and unex- pected break in the present national fertilizer situation. However, it is always possible that limited supplies will become available so constant checking with dealers is advised.
Kocide 101
Kocide 101 is a new type of wet-
table powder copper fungicide that will dissolve in water and so be much easier to mix than Bordeaux. Kocide is also a material that has been quite effective in fungus con- trol on various other fruit crops. Because of its usefulness, it has come to replace Bordeaux where proper labeling is provided. Cran- berries are not presently included on the Kocide label in Oregon, how- ever. As a consequence, this material cannot be recommended for use on bogs here. But every effort is being made to gain approval of Kocide before spring copper fungicides are to be applied next year. I have been assured that if a label is obtained for Kocide on cranberries in the state of Washington, then the re- search work presently being com- pleted at the research station in Long Beach will be accepted for a state label on the material in Ore- gon.
NEW PPG TRADEMARK FURLOE
The Chemical Division of PPG Indus- tries recently announced adoption of the trademark "Furloe" to identify the firm's family of herbicide formulations containing Chloro IPC.
Chloro IPC herbicide, also referred to as chlorpropham and CIPC, carries the chemical designation isopropyl chlorocarbanilate. It has been on the market for 20 years and PPG is the sole domestic producer.
E K. (Ted) Plant, manager of bio- chemicals, said the new Furloe trade- mark applies not only to herbicides presently marketed under the trade names Chloro IPC or CIPC, but also to improved formulations and chlorpro- pham mixtures, such as Furloe 124 herbicide, which are in various stages of experimental and research development.
Chloro IPC herbicide, now bearing the Furloe trademark, is highly effec- tive foe controlling smartweed in soy- beans and a broad spectrum of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds associated with such crops as onions, cranberries, seed grains, safflower, alfalfa and clover, according to Plant.
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DAN CLARK
Carver Street, Halifax, Mass.
Telephone: 293-3711
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦'
WANTED
CRANBERRY HARVEST CRATES
DECAS CRANBERRY CO. WAREHAM, MASS.
617-295-0147
FOR SALE
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4+ ACRE CRANBERRY BOG WITH 4 ACRES UPLAND
lOCH- BBL/ACRE ALLOTMENTS
SOUTH MIDDLEBORO CALL 617-947-0397
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
B
Issue of June 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 2
"POUND FOOLISH" OVER RESEARCH
"Poetic justice" is the way many agricultural scientists respond to the news that the University of Wisconsin's College of Agriculture has been hit hard by budget cuts. They blame Wisconsin's ag dean Glenn Pound for the havoc being wreaked on all of agricultural research by President Nixon's new budget.
Pound was chairman of a National Academy of Science committee that literally clobbered USDA and the state experiment stations. In a lengthy report, described as grossly unfair by some of agri- culture's most respected scientists, the Pound com- mittee found little to praise in either plant or animal research. They termed much of agricultural research "... outmoded, pedestrian and inefficient." They referred to "excessive numbers of field labora- tories," a "paucity of outstanding scientists" and insufficient support of basic research.
In its report the Pound committee recommended the closing of "unproductive" branch and field stations, a disapproval of commodity earmarking of funds, greater support for "basic" disciplines and other steps designed to have agricultural research be less problem oriented and more scientist directed.
Errors Rampant
Critics of the report have tried to understand how a committee of this size and stature could have erred so frequently. How they missed the fact that branch stations are needed because plants and animals respond differently to different cHmates. How they failed to realize you cannot breed and develop a new tomato variety at one location for the whole nation. How they mistakenly assumed that applied field research is low quality while molecular biology or bench science is high quality. How they failed to see the obvious payoff of mission oriented research. As one reporter asked with apparent wonder, "... if the state of agricultural research is as debihtated as the NAS committee believes, how has U.S. agriculture production come to be the marvel of the world?"
Continued on Page 18
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
P advisors - correspondents -^
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office,
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Cranherry
Station
I Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cpanberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Robert Devlin attended a meeting of the Northeastern Section of the American Society of Plant Physiologists at Upton, Long Island, on April 26-28. The main topic of discussion was plant growth regula- tors.
Frost Warning Service
The Frost Warning Service spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association has 202 sub- scribers to date. The donations to the answering service have been coming in at a better rate than last year, which is encouraging. The answering service is extremely valu- able as an additional source of information and deserves widespread grower support. There were no frost warnings issued through May 3rd although there were some cool temperatures the last week of April, but not cool enough to cause damage. The spring season is more nearly normal and we are two weeks ahead of last year.
Frost
The spring frost season was later than usual in arriving despite a very warm March and warm April. The main reason was a cool period the first half of May which slowed things down. The first warning was issued on May 16th which was nine days earlier than in 1972, but that was our most backward spring on record. We have issued six warnings in May which compares with five in 1972, six in 1971, 14 in 1970 and 25 in 1969. These figures include both afternoon and evening warn- ings. There has not been a bad frost night so far this spring, all of the nights with warnings out have had some factor such as winds or clouds holding in or coming in that have
6
tempered things. There does not appear to be any frost injury as of June 1st.
Weather
April was warm, averaging about 1.4 degrees a day above normal, while this is not overly hot it does illustrate the cycle of cold springs that we have been experiencing for some time as it is the warmest April since 1953. Maximum temperature was 80° on the 23rd and minimum was 24° on the 9th. Warmer than average days occurred on the 7th, 16th-19th, and 23rd-25th. Cooler than average days were the 3rd-5th, 8th, llth-13th and 26th.
Precipitation totalled 7.74 inches which was about IVi inches above normal. There was measurable pre-
cipitation on 11 days with the largest storm amounting to 3.06 inches on the 26th-28th. We are 1 inch below normal for the year and about 3 inches behind 1972. This was the second largest April precipitation in our records, ex- ceeded only by the 11.6 inches in 1958. We even recorded ^h inch of snow on the 8th.
Water supplies are excellent as we enter the frost season. Winterkill injury is virtually non-existent and there is not a great deal of oxygen deficiency injury around either. The bud in general looks very good with few exceptions and the crop pros- pect appears to be better than average at this time. However, there is still a question mark on how much effect the shortage of sunlight in
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1972 will have on the crop. Early Blacks greened up by the middle of April and Howes are nearly so at this time which puts us at about the normal timetable of events. This is at least two weeks earlier than last year.
May averaged out a little on the cool side, averaging 0.5 degrees a day below normal. Maximum tem- perature was 81 degrees on the 30th and minimum 36 degrees on the 8th. Cool days occurred on the 5th-7th, 9th, 15th, 18th and 25th- 26th. The only warmer than normal period was from the 29th-31st.
Rainfall totalled 4.05 inches which is 0.6 inch above normal. There was measurable precipitation on 1 1 days with 1.67 inches on the 9th- 10th as the largest storm. We are about 0.4 inch below normal for the year to date and just over 5 inches behind 1972 for the same period.
Tips for Late Spring and Early Summer
1) The early spring pests are, or soon will be, showing up on bogs. These include cutworms, span- worms, leafhoppers, fireworms, tip- worms, sparganothis fruitworm, and
weevils and red mites. The spargano- this fruitworm can be detected by careful examination of loosestrife or the new cranberry tips for web- bing. Weevils overwinter as adults and are active whenever tempera- tures reach 70° or above. If these pests are controlled in May or June, particularly those that have a new or second brood, they very seldom create a problem later in the season.
2) Do not forget to put in the flume planks and impound drain- age water for 24 hours after using any pesticide. Drainage water must be held for 7 days after using dieldrin or difolitan.
3) Difolitan is not approved for use as an aircraft spray.
4) This is a good time to treat brush, poison ivy and brambles on the uplands using silvex. It should be mixed with water rather than oil at this time of year because of the damage of turf.
5) Stoddard solvent or stoddard- kerosene treatments following late water should be completed within 5 days after the flood has been withdrawn or within 8 days if kerosene is used alone. Less damage will occur to the vines if tempera-
BAY COLONY HELICOPTERS
PLYMOUTH AIRPORT PLYMOUTH, MASS.
EXPERIENCED APPLICATORS
MODERN EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR BOG NEEDS
FOR INFORMATION CALL AL BARUFALDI 746-2216
tures are below 65" when these oils are applied.
6) Casoron, alanap-3, Chloro- IPC, simazine and morcran should not be applied after withdrawal of the late water flood as vine and crop injury will result.
7) Many bogs will benefit from an apphcation of fertilizer, especially where heavy crops were harvested. Some bogs that have had casoron treatments either last fall or this spring may look "hungry" and should be fertilized. Don't forget to touch up the thin or weak spots by going around with a bucket of fertilizer and using it.
8) Get out and walk your bogs; you will be surprised at the number of little things, both good and bad, that you will notice on your in- spection trips.
Final Keeping Quality Forecast
Weather conditions to June 1st, 1973 show a total of 8 points of a possible 16 which favor good keeping quality in the 1973 cran- berry crop. The prospect is, there- fore, that the 1973 crop will have very good to excellent keeping quality. It is apparently less critical this year for growers to use fungi- cides. Nevertheless, comments made with the Preliminary Forecast are valid and many growers will want the added assurance of fungicide protection.
ME'S READY
HIRE THE HANDICAPPED VETERAN
Prolonging the Life of Harvested 'McFarlin' Cranberries i
Azmi Y, Shawa^
Washington State University
Pullman
Reprinted from Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol 98, No. 2, March 1973
Abstract Nutritional foliar sprays 0-10-0 + Mn 7% + Zn 14%, 0-17-0 + Mn 8% + Zn 7%, 0-40-0 + Zn 14% and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly re- duced percentage breakdown in 2 consecutive years. N^-benzyladenine (N6BA) was the only growth regu- lator which significantly suppressed respiratory rates. Succinic acid-2,2- dimethylhydrazide (SADH)and 10- 12-0+ Zn 2% significantly increased berry size and weight.
A considerable part of the cran- berry crop is held each year in com- mon or refrigerated storage for the holidays. Cranberries can be held as fresh fruit for 2 to 3 months at 30c, thereafter, the berries may shrivel as a result of water loss, dis- color, lose their natural luster, and become soft and rubbery (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10). Fresh cranberries are seldom available in the market 2 months after harvest because of physiological or pathological break- down and rot during storage (3, 5, 7). Fresh cranberries bring premium returns to growers and could be developed into an important market channel for the cranberry industry.
From an economic point of view, it would be desirable to find a method to reduce fruit breakdown during storage. Growth retardents and nutritional foliar sprays have been used to reduce fruit break- down in storage (2, 3, 6, 8). If such an agent can be found, the fresh market season could be extended.
Previous work (3) showed that cold storage alone was not adequate for maintaining high quality cran- berries in storage. It was concluded that most spoilage w^s due to physiological breakdown because of enzymatic activity. Pre-harvest ap- plication of certain chemicals slowed 8
down respiration and retarded phys- iological softening. Bruised cran- berries yielded polygalacturanase activity in the soft, but not the sound tissue (7), It was found that both fungal isolability and physio- logic softening were associated with cranberry bruising and were inde- pendent storage-decay factors (5).
Maleic hydrazide (MH-30) and N -benzyladenine (N6BA) sprayed on 'McFarlin' cranberry vines 40 days past full-bloom reduced fruit breakdown significantly, while MH- 30, N6BA, and dehydroacetic acid (DAA) suppressed respiration rates below the level of the control (3). Postharvest dip of DAA plus Tween- 20 significantly reduced the spoilage of strawberries while N6BA in- creased the spoilage in strawberries but improved the flesh color of cherries (9).
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydra- zide (SADH) (11) applied to apple trees several days after full bloom largely prevented the development of scald on the fruit in storage and significantly extended the shelf life of the fruit after removal from storage. SADH (3) significantly re- duced physiological breakdown in cranberry fruit when applied as an aqueous spray 4 to 7 weeks after full-bloom and also suppressed res- piration rates.
Pears from trees sprayed with fohar nutrient solutions (6) con- taining Zn, K, and P increased keeping quality significantly after one month storage at room tem- perature.
Pir.evious work with soil applica- tions of minor element fertilizers has shown that cranberry vines in Washington bogs respond to Zn, Fe, Mn, and B in some instances. These treatments resulted in better vine
growth and fruit production but did not consistently improve storage longevity of the fruit. The present tests were conducted to find addi- tional methods of improving storage quality of 'McFarlin' cranberries.
Materials and Methods
In 1969 and 1970, 5 nutritional foliar sprays, 0-10-0 + Mn 7% -!• Zn 14%, 0-17-0 + Mn 8% + Zn 7%, 0-40-0 + Zn 14% at the rate of 20 lb. wettable powder (W.P.) per acre, 10-12-0 + Zn 2% and 0-16-9 + Zn 1% at the rate of 2 qt. per acre, were appHed as aqueous sprays at hook stage (pre-bloom) and again one week after fruit set. Five repli- cations arranged in a randomized block design of 'McFarlin' cran- berry vines were used at the Coastal Washington Research and Extension Unit, Long Beach.
In another experiment, at the same period, 6 retardants, tributyl- 2-4-dichlorobenzyl-phosphonium chloride (Phosphon) 100 ppm, MH- 30 at 4000 ppm, 2-aminobutane acetate (AIT) 100 ppm, 2-chloro- ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) 2000 ppm. SADH 2500 ppm and N6BA 250 ppm, were applied to randomized plots of 'McFarlin' cranberries 40 days after full bloom. An 0.1% concentration of surfactant X-77 was used in all treatments in- cluding the controls. Plots were harvested at physiological maturity September 16, 1969 and September 19, 1970. All samples were sorted, placed in mesh bags and storaged at 30c for 25 weeks. Subsamples of 200 g were removed and berry volume was recorded (using a pyc- nometer) and berry wt. calculated. Other tests were determined at 5- week intervals, including percentage breakdown, firmness, soluble solids, acidity, and respiration. Firmness
was determined with a Magness- Taylor pressure tester using a 2 mm tip. Respiration rates were deter- mined on 100 g subsamples removed at the same intervals and placed in sealed flasks for 24 hours at room temp and their respiration rate de- termined by a Burrell Orsat gas analyser.
Results and Discussion
Respiration tests at 5-week inter- vals during the storage period showed that cranberries treated in 1969 with nutritional foliar sprays 0-40-0 + Zn 14% and in 1970 with 10-12-0 + Zn 2% reduced CO2 pro- duction significantly (Table 1). Re- tardant chemicals Phosphon, MH- 30, and N6BA applied in 1969 reduced CO2 production signifi- cantly, whUe in 1970 only N6BA suppressed respiration (Table 2). Inconsistent data on respiration suppression were obtained on pre- vious tests (3).
The effect of 5 sprays applied in 1969 and 1970 on physiological breakdown are shown in Table 1. Sprays 0-10-0 + Mn 7% + Zn 14%, 0-17-0 + Mn 8% + Zn 7%, 0-40-0 + Zn 14%, and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% reduced percentage breakdown sig- nificantly in 2 consecutive years. N6BA, MH-30, and AIT applied in 1969 reduced breakdown while
all chemicals applied in 1970 sig- nificantly reduced breakdown (Table 2).
Foliar spray 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly increased size and wt of berries both years (Table 3). Berries treated with this ciiemical were observed to have more luster, brighter color, and greater soundness compared to other treatments. SADH treatment increased size and wt of berries each year, while MH-30 increased size and wt of berries in 1970 only (Table 4).
The results show that the most effective nutritional foliar spray was 10-12-0 + Zn 2%. In both years it increased size and volume of berries; reduced percentage breakdown sig- nificantly during 25-week storage; and in 1970 it was effective in reducing CO2 production.
The 6 chemicals used during 1969 and 1970 gave inconsistent results. N6BA was tiie only one that reduced respiration and breakdown, while SADH increased size and wt of berries significantly in both years of experimental work.
Other tests conducted during the 25-week storage period such as firmness, soluble solids, and acidity showed no significant differences between treatments of nutritional
it=\c-^cac3cacic3cac3cac3excac3Pcac3C3C3cac3rac=
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
foliar sprays and retardant chemi- cals.
Previous storage trials (3) with 'McFarlin' cranberries showed that the berries greatest percentage of breakdown occurs during the first 4 to 6 weeks. Examination of soft berries has shown that most early spoilage occurs in the larger over- ripe fruit. Cranberries grown in Washington ripen over an extended period, i.e., early fruits reach op- timum maturity 3 to 4 weeks before late ones. The percentage of spoilage reaches as high as 25 to 30%. Spoilage of the fruit is caused by both pathogenic organisms and a physiological breakdown (5, 8).
Results of these tests were in- consistent because of uneven berry ripening. It is possible that a treat- ment 40 days after bloom may affect the majority of developed berries but may be too late to have any effect on early set berries. Previous work with retardants has shown earlier applications were ineffective in improving fruit keep- ing quality.
On the other hand, applying nutritional foliar sprays first at hook stage and second, a few days after fruit set, may have supple- mented and satisfied a demand for certain major and minor elements lacking for growth and develop- ment of sound berries through and beyond fruit set. Foliar spray 10- 12-0 + Zn 2% exerted such phe- nomena and produced sound berries with good keeping quality. It sig- nificantly increased berry size and wt, and reduced percentage break- Continued on Page 18
Helicopter Application Cranberry Highway
I Division West Wareham, Mass.
CHEMAPCO, INC. 295-1553
FOR SALE
1 RIDING GANOEE CASORON
SPREADER
LIKE NEW
USED ONE SEASON
$495.00
GENESKILLE
STONE LAKE, WIS. 54876
?KONE: 715-865-2824
1973 Cranberry Weed Control
hmUh I itatnl review. More detailed tafoi
oMalned (ma Ite
REVISED JANUABY 10. 197}
E. DEMORANVnj
> Federal rcfistrations i iaiended .tain.t .imil.
I reffolaUoBS hi effect <
NOTKfc Th. uMr of
ALL PESTICIDES liated in tkia pnblication are regUlered and cleared for soeeested
When trade aaaira are need for identi6eation, no product endorsement is impUed. nor
NOTES
1. PKOVIDE ADEQUATE DRAINAGE or rteommendatlons below are of qnesUonaMa value.
I. APPtT THE EXACT QVANTTTIES of dienlcalt reeoameided Is mtmnmi ana* and at Indicated times. One >
t. WASB EQUIPMENT wUb soap and water Imnedlatelj after nslnj. Rinse with ammonia solntion after nalng harm
4. HAND WEEDING Is often practical with scattered green and woody weeds If roots are removed.
5. MOWING ol weeds helps U> prevent shadinj and reduces seed rormatlon.
•. LATE WATER causes a general redocMon of annual trasses. U held nntil Jmie S, and If lempenliTea arc high, sm
7. TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE rain should follow the application of iron sulfate .Casoron. Morcran and Chloro-IPC within 4 days or bog should be sprinkled with water
t. IRON SUITATE (feiroos) te eicesa of » lbs. per S)|. r«d ma; km newtr act vtaet ar mature vines when they have been sanded wttUn U months. If 9 pans of Iron i
CHLOROtPC may be nsed :
; before late water
mid'March to April 1
CAUTIONS
1. VINES SPRAYED t. CASORON appUcal S. Herbicide use mak
: sprayed evenly with continuous agitation using to three years old are very suseepObk to bjnry. In the sprteg WITH OIL are highly Inflanunable. All broadcast treatments be at least 12 months apart
tory and crops may be reduced.
□nts. An overdose may injure vines or crop. TUn or weak vines a nse a pre-emergence spray. May be nsed safely la aoeceaatve years, are likely to reduce the crop and may bcrease sensitivity to low temperatures, sand or on weak vines may cause iajmr.
TREATMENT
February and March
SILVEX ■ 1 gal. ester formulation 14 lbs. acid equivalent per gal.) in 50 gals, kerosene No. 2 fuel oil. Wet thoroughly. Will control scrub oak, buUbher. poison ivy. pitch pine e or AGRICULTURAL BURNING of brush or grass under permit from local fire chi
Cut Grass. Manna Grass, Shore Grass. Aster, Plan- tala. Needle Grass, Nil Grass, DnBcUam, PUeb- fork. Mud Rush, Halrcap Moss, Royal Fern, Bracken Fern, Sensitive Fern, WDd Strawberry, Harsh St. John's-Wort, Summer Grass, Bhie Joint, Loosestrife, WDd Bean, Hawkweed, Wool Grass, Cottoa Gran, Ragweed, Fireweed, Spike Rush, HoraetaO, Sorrel,
DICHLOBE.ML (CASORONl 4% granular. 100 lbs. per acre. Apply in March or early April to avoid high temperatures. May be used before late water from mid-March to April 10. On early water only, 75 to 80 lbs. per acre will result in adequate weed control and may be used safely in successive years. (See Caution 4 and Note 7).
March
to
Mid -May
SUMMER GRASS
CUT GRASS
SOME UPLAND GRASSES ON BOG
NUT GRASS, CUT GRASS, SUMMER GRASS,
ALANAP 8°* & CHLORO-IPC 5% IMORCRANI granular. lOO lbs. per acre. In AprU. May be used before late water from mid-March to AprU 10 for control of CUT GRASS. I set Note 71.
RAGWEED, PITCHFORKS
SIMAZINE - 3% 1
8051 W.P. in 300 gals. ' May. (See Caution 7'
. Apply only Irom mid-Apnl
C^LbtiHTfC-iK granular, 166 lbs. per acre, fey May 1. (See Note 9 and (
CORN GRASS, BARNYARD GRASS,
CRAB GRASS. TEAR THUMB, FIREWEED
bud break. (SM
WATER WHITE KEROSENE -
RUSHES, ASTERS, GOLDEN BOD
STODDARD SOLVENT - 500 gals, per <
per nj. rod). Primarily a spot
SPHAGNUM MOSS
IRON SULFATE - 50 lbs. per sq. rod.
in 300 sals water per acre or 10% granluar 80 lbs. per l : in Mav. Best results where bog surface is wet before . Dtured at temneratnres under 32' P nfter ippllcatka.
After Lale Wat
WOOL GRASS, SPKE RUSH, CAREX SPP.
Mid -May
TRIPLE AWNED GRASS, ANNUAL GRASSES
; KEROSENE — 400 gals, per acre. Apply i
(4 lbs. acid per gal.) in 50 gals.
June and
July
Lale July
to Mid-Angugt
ROYAL FERN,
IRON SULFATE AND SALT .
IRON SULFATE .
small amoimt t
1 planL (See Note T
I SULFATE — SO lbs. per sq.
, SODIUM SALT -
SILVEX 1 Vi teaspoons per gal. water or 1 '/i pints per 100 gals, water ol .
(4 lbs. acid per gal.) will control poison ivy, wild cherry, maple sprouts, grapev
possibly other broadleaved weeds. Avoid drift onto bogs.
DALAPON 85% SODIUM SALT.20 lbs. in 300 gals, water per acre, for poverty an
grass or AGRICULTURAL BURNING of brush or grass under permit from local T
WILD BEAN
OICHLOBENIL (CASORON) — 4% granular 100 1 November 15. Avoid temperatnres above «" F. (See Caution 4).
In the FaU
after
Harreat
gUMVER GRASS
CHLORO-IPC - »» gnnalar, 100 Bo. p«r acre. Do pot aptly «a«r Wot. I.
STODDARD SOLVENT - 500 f ila. par l
FRESH MEADOW GRASS (CAREX SPP.)
WARNING
PESTICIDES ARE POISONOl'S. READ AND FOLLOW .\LL DIRECTIONS AND SAFETY I'KECAUTIONS ON 1 .\
STORE IN ORIGINAL LABELED CONTAINERS OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN, PETS, AM. LIVESTOCK DISPOSE OF E.MITY CONTAINERS RIGHT
AWAY, IN A SAFE MANNER AND PLACE. DO NOT CONTAMINATE FORAGE. STREAMS. AND PONDS.
SOLE CAREFULLY AND
10
1973 Cranberry Insect and Disease Control
Thlt chut b iBtendcd to torabh i fcwnl review. More detailed tarormaUoB may be obtained from the CraBbenr Experl-
wrE. TOMUNSON. JH., B.M. ZUCKEBMAN AND I.E. DEMORANVILLE
REVISED JANUARY 10, 1973
I the date or thie piib.
NOTICE: THE USER OF THIS INFORMATION ASSUMES ALL RISKS FOR PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGK
AH pesticides mentioned in this pnblication are registered and cleared for the anKgested nses in accordance with state and federal laws and regnlations f
Ucatiott. Where trade names are need for identification bo product endorsement is implied nor is discrimination intended acainst similar materials.
CAUTIONS
1. To minimize contamioation of streams and ponds hold bog drainage as long as possible after applying any pesticide. Applications by aircraft or sprinkler should be done in a manner to prevent direct application into active streams, ponds or onto public ways. Impound water for 24 hours after pesticide application wherever and whenever possible. DO NOT USE DIELDRIN OR DIFOLATAN IF DRAINAGE CAN NOT BE HELD AT LEAST 7 DAYS.
2. Any person who intends to use DIELDRIN shall apply for and be issued a permit to do so by the Pesticide Board. This permit or proof that such a permit is held shall be exhibited or furnished when purchasing DDEXORIN. Each year, on or before November 30. holders of such permiu shall file on a form provided by the Boar were used since the last filing date.
3. MAXIMUM ACTUAL TOXICANT per acre per application and time of last appUcation:
Carbaryl (Sevin) 3 lbs. spray, 4 lbs. dust.
Diazinon 3 lbs
DieWrin 1.25 lbs
Dieldrin 5 lbs. (10 lbs. to peat or muck aoQ Difolatan 5 lbs.
. one day before harvest . .7 days before harvest . .21 days before harvest
after harvest
.50 days before harvest
1 ONLY APPLY INSECTICIDES i( damaging gypsy moth caterpillars or weevil
2. HOLDING WINTER WATER Ull false armyworm, yellow-heaOed fir
3 REFLOODING
Sept 20-30 Flooding w
Ferbam 11.4 lbs 28 days after mid-bloom
Malathion 2.5 lbs. 3 days before harvest
Maneb 7.5 lbs 28 days after mid-bloom
Parathion 0.8 lbs 15 days before harvest
Parathion 1 lb 30 days before harvest
Zineb 6 lbs not later than mid-bloom
NOTES
™s- 5 CONCENTRATE SPRAYS may injure nev» gro»«h, bloom end small berries particularly in hot
irols 6 FUNGICIDES Pre mix with small amount of >
lorm final dilution Use immediately Blossom injury r
distributed spnnkier applications of maneb,
SANDING and FERTILIZING Provided blunt-r
Follow regulations of the Pestic
Timing
Donnaiit To Delayed
ROOT GRUB WHITE GRUB
New Growth Up to Yz Inch
WEEVIL
FIREWORMS
CUTWORMS
SPARGANOTHIS FRUITWORM
GYPSY MOTH
TIPWORM
RED MITE
Apply 200 gals. Water White Kerosene per acre (Note 2 & 4)
Drain bog thoroughly from early April to May 12. Reflow May 12 - July 20. Keep well flooded. If cutworm infestation develops spray 4 lbs. 50 WP or 2'/i lbs. 80 sprayable or 2 qts. 4 Qowable CARBARYL or 1 pt. PARAXmON 8 flowable per acre or dust 5% CARBARYL 50 lbs. per acre (NoU 1, & 3c. Caution 1).
Apply 1 py.
1.5 EC per acre. (Note 1 & 2 Caution 1 and 3).
Spray 4 lbs. 50 WP or 2V. lbs. 80 sprayable or 2 qts. 4 Dowable CARBARYL or 4 lbs. 50 WP DIAZINON or 1 V. qts. DL\ZINON AG500 or 1 pt. PARATHION 8 flowable or 1 Vi pts. 57% MALATHION or 1 pt. MALATHION 8 flowable or 4 lbs. 25 WP MALATHION per acre or dust 5% CARBARYL or 4% DIAZINON or 4% MALATHION per acre. (Note 1,2.3a, b, 4 and 8. Caution 1 and 3).
Spray 4 lbs. 50 WP DIAZINON or 2 qts. DL^INON AG500 per i effective byaircraft. (Note 2 and 4. Caution 1 and 3).
Vs Inch Growth
To
Hook Stage
New- Growth Insects GREEN SPANWORM
Spray 1 pt. PARATHION 8 flowable or 4 lbs. 50WP DIAZINON or 1 qt. DIAZINON AG500 per acre or dust 4% DIAZINON 50 lbs. per acre. (Note 1. 3b, 5 and 8. Caution 1 and 3).
To Start of Bloom
BLUNT-NOSEO LEAFHOPPER GIRDLEHMQTHS
See appropriate control
under growth stages above.
CARBARYL or PARATHION or DIAZINON as for new growth Repeat if necessary. (Note 1, 3c and 8. Caution 1 and 3).
Spray 4 lbs. 50 WP DUZINON or 2 qU. DIAZINON AG600 per acre. Not effective by aircraft. (Note 2 and 4. Caution 1 and 3)^
First Scattered
FRUIT ROTS - One
CRANBERRY FRUITWORM SPARGANOTHIS FRUITWORM BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM BLUNT-NOSEO LEAFHOPPER GIROLER MOTHS WEEVIL
RED MITE
Late July
GIROLER LARVAE
Sept. 26 To
GIROLER LARVAE
After Harvest
ROOT'GRUB WHITE GRUB
Apply 9 lbs. 80% MANEB or 76% FERBAM in 25-100 gals, water by ground rig or in 13 gals, water per acre by aircraft at first .scattered bloom and after mid-bloom; or apply 6 lbs. 80% MANEB or 76% FERBAM by sprinkler at first scattered bloom and 14 and 28 days laUr, or apply 4 qts. DIFOLATAN 4 flowable at 100-3(>b gals, per acre at first scattered bloom and 14 and 28 days later or apply 6 IBs. 75% ZINEB at first scattered bloom and mid-bloom by ground rig, sprinkler or aircraft. Avoid applying insecticides during bloom if possible. (Note 3b. 6 and 7. Cautions 1 and 3).
Spray 1 pt. PARATHION 8 flowable or 4 lbs. 50 WP DL\Z1N0N or 2 qts. DIAZINON AG500 or 4 lbs. 50 WP or 2Vi lbs. 80 sprayable or 2 qts. 4 flowable CARBARYL per acre; or dust 4% DLVZINON OR 5% CARBARYL 50 lbs. per acre. Make fruitworm egg counts every 3 or 4 days imtil August 10 on Early Blacks and until August 20 on Howes. Two unhatched and unparasitised fruitworm eggs per 100 berries need treatment. Do not wait for appt u-ance of red berries. Repeat 2 times at 10 day intervals for ' Sparganothis. (Note 1,2 and 8. Caution 1 & 3).
Spray 4 lbs. 50 WP DLVZINON or 2 qts. DIAZINON AG500 per i effective by aircraft. (Note 2 and 4. Caution 1 and 3).
Apply 22 lbs. 14% DUZINON grans, or 3 qts. DUZINON AG500 or 6 lbs. DL\ZINON 50 WP per acre. Granules more effective. (Note 3d and 8. Caution 1 and 3).
Girdler Diazinon spray applications kill red mites. Granules ineffective.
Klood 6 days (with laU berries on vines if necessary.) (NoU 2d and 8).
I granules in tall after harvest (Note 3c Caution
Apply 9 lbs. 76% FERBAM in lUU gal. water at 1 gal./aq. ft Treat 3 ft i and 2 fl. within ring in fall immediately after harvest. (Note 6).
WARNING
AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (m LABELS. HAmLX
1 OF CHILDREN^ETS AND UVBSIOCK. DO NO
AWAT, M A SAFE MANNER AND PLACE.
aad co-workers. Make certata yonr doctor
Issued by the Extension Senice, AA. Spielman, Dean and Director, in iurthtrance o< Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914; Univenlty of Massachusetts, United States Department of Agriculture, and Coonty Extension Sendee cooperating.
11
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES S. SHOEMAKER, Utiiv. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 iilus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Allon Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALi^ER, Univ. of Wis. 101 pages, 6x9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic dise'ases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MCCOLLY, Mich. Stale Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illu§., $9.50
'Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the' relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Bv-.h «he fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering... Soil Erosion Control ... and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and {Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents ojt this guide includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By harry warren anderson
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois
501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists this book provides detailed information on the diseases o: cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in Americi and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of th< pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected referenc« sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of thai; importance.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 12 02364
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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SLA YER (A Poem for cranberry growers)
I wake up in the morning,
I lift my battle cry. I fall upon the foeman,
And smite the hip and thigh.
I slay my tens of thousands, But still their ranks press on;
New legions rise against me- New legions with the dawn
A mighty man of valor, A man of doughty deeds;
But I shall never conquer My enemy -The WEEDS.
By Eliot Kays Stone
The chief topic of concern in the west in May was the weather. Intermittent rain and cold con- tinued into the middle of May. Very little growth was made by the cranberries until May, whereas usually the growth begins the first of April
In New Jersey there is con- siderable activity in planting and resanding. Just for example, Jo-
JUNE 1948
seph J. White, Inc., has replanted 35 acres (partly in the autumn) and resanded 40 acres; Ethelbert Haines & Brother have planted 75 acres of new ground to Early Blacks and have resanded 80 acres of old bog; Theodore Budd has replanted 40 acres; and The Birches Cranberry Company has replanted six acres and sanded 24 acres.
Rainfall in Wisconsin was de- ficient. As June began, growers were worried lest three or four frosts in a row would find insuf- ficient water supplies for protec- tion.
In order to increase the service to Barnstable County growers, a new experiment will be tried dur- ing June and July. Briefly the idea is to set up temporary field quarters of the Cranberry Experi- ment Station at two different lo- cations in Barnstable County, with one or more staff members present. County Agent Bertram Tomlinson,
ft
S
cranberry ^ growers
For just $2.50 per acre plus cost of materials applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungi- cides through your sprinkler systems. Compare these features:
1. No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined.
2. No waiting for fog to lift-also can work in the dark of night if necessary.
3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results.
4. No need to worry about added health insurance of em- ployees.
5. No disposal problems of empty poison containers.
6. Consideration given to large acreage.
7. All billing done in September.
I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this serv- ice. Call BOB ALBERGHINI, Wareham, Mass., at 295-9092 or if no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop, Plymouth, at 746-2734. [g
who is making the arrangements, has referred to them as "Cranberry Clinics. " Growers can come to these two locations and bring their specimens of insects, diseases, and weeds to be identified by Station personnel and discuss any other bog problem that they may have.
D. J. Crowley, director of the Cranberry-Blueberry Laboratory, Long Beach, Washington, has been informed by the office of Presi- dent Wilson Compton of the Wash- ington State College that a con- tract has been let out for an office and laboratory building at the Long Beach Station. This re- places a structure now there. The new building will be con- structed of tile and will be modern in every respect, including a cen- tral heating plant.
Water rights for Massachusetts cranberry growers in the use of running streams are based on old mill laws, which were deliberately made very favorable to the mill operators. The so-called mill act was passed by the legislature Feb- ruary 27, 1796, and a cranberry act "tacked on" to it in 1866 which gave cranberry bog owners substantially the same privileges as concerned running streams that the mill owners formerly had. In general, attorney Fletcher Clark, Jr., said, while cranberry growers enjoyed the very special privileges of the mill owners, every case in which there was a conflict of interest had to be judged on its own merits.
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
J3
We've made quota! Member- ship in Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation has just passed the 4,200 mark, thus exceeding our AFBF quota figure. Congratula- tions to all who gave so much of their time to membership work. This makes three years in a row at AFBF quota, and we're STILL growing!
Medex rates will increase ef- fective July 1, 1973. The rate per quarter will increase from $26.84 to $29.44, reflecting a rise in both Medex rates and service charges.
Minimum wage reminder- ioi farm workers in Massachusetts. Employees 18 years of age and older and covered under the min- imum wage rate of $ 1 .60 per hour. Those under 18 are exempt from the minimum, EXCEPT on a farm which employs enough people to
total 500 man days per quarter. On these farms, the minimum wage for employees under 18 is $1.30 per hour, which is the fed- eral minimum.
Employers on non-contract mi- grant labor are also reminded of the state requirement on Health Insurance for these valuable em- ployees. Farm Bureau has arranged with Farm Family insurance com- pany to provide group coverage for employers who are Farm Bur- eau members. For more informa- tion, contact your nearest insur- ance office.
Can you believe this? In this era of rising prices, your Farm Bureau announces with pride a REDUCTION in Blue Cross-Blue Shield rates for Farm Bureau mem- bers, effective July 10, 1973.
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE. INC. 1 |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
|
|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The CrisafuUi Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTiaDE |
|
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
• DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
• WATERHOLE CONST. |
• COMPLETE BOG |
|
• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
• WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
• SANDING |
|
•AUXIUARYUNTF |
• HARVESTING |
|
The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
•WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
|
1 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
|
1 per minute. |
Lower rates . . . that's what we said, and here they are: FAMILY RATE: present is $171.73-new rate is $157.66. INDIVIDUAL RATE: Present rate is $70.54- new rate is $64.27. Isn't it nice to hear a httle GOOD news for a change?
Farm buildings for rent in Taunton, Mass.— 167 acres plus large barn for 1 00 cows, and a free stall barn for 150 cows. For more information, call owner, Beatrice Devince, 617-365-9311.
How's your gas supply? We are receiving reports from several areas around the state that local fuel suppliers are cutting back gas sup- plies to farmers this year. If this is happening to you, please let us know. We're trying to assess just how much agriculture is being af- fected by the fuel shortage. Please drop us a short note, telling us what's going on at your place, so we can put together a state-wide picture
Wetlands Act which has re- cently come under fire for its broad agricultural exemption now being modified to maintain agri- cultural exemption within guide- Unes put forth by Commissioner of Natural Resources with the ap- proval of the Commissioner of Agriculture.
1973 Farm Bureau membership is now only 30 short of quota. County membership chairmen are working very hard to bring in the remaining number of required mem- bers. You can help. A phone call from you to a neighbor or an ac- quaintance who has not yet paid the dues may be just what's needed. One phone call. Won't you contact your county Farm Bureau director, and see what you can do for others?
14
MAKE THE MOST OF CRANBERRIES
Mix cranberry sauce with bread stuffing for a delicious way to stretch expensive meat to make extra servings. Or, use it to make a luscious filling for a four-layer German chocolate cake. Add sparkle to molded salads with ruby red cranberry juice cocktail.
The ways to use this versatile little berry are endless! So, be sure to stock up on cranberry sauce, cranberry juice cocktail and cran- berry apple drink.
CRANBERRY PINWHEEL MEAT LOAF
(Serves 8-10)
2 pounds ground chuck 2 eggs
2 teaspoons salt 1/4 teaspoon pepper
2 tablespoons instant minced onion 1 package (8 ounces) stuffing mix
1 can (8 ounces) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce
1 can (10% ounces) condensed chicken broth
In a bowl, mix chuck, eggs, salt, pepper and onion. Mix well and then press into an oblong 8 x 10 inches on a sheet of waxpaper. In a bowl mix stuffing mix, cranberry sauce and chicken broth. Spread 1 mixture evenly over meat. Roll up I meat like a jelly roll starting at the
I 8 inch side. Press roll together firmly and place into a shallow
t roasting pan. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (350°F.) for 1 hour and 15 minutes. Serve garnished with peas and carrots and sprigs of parsley.
GERMAN CHOCOLATE CRANBERRY CAKE
(Makes 1, 9-inch layer cake)
I I package (IS'/i ounces) devil's food cake mix
*^ cup cocoa
1 can (16 ounces) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce
3 packages (9 ounces each) frozen whipped topping, thawed
1 can (8 ounces) Ocean Spray jellied cranberry sauce
Stir cake mix and cocoa untU well blended. Add eggs and water as directed on package. Pour batter into 2 greased and floured 9-inch layer cake pans. Bake as directed on package. Cool layers on a rack. Cut each layer with a serrated knife into two thin layers. Mash cranberry sauce in a bowl and fold in 1 package of the whipped topping. Place one cake layer on a serving platter and spread with 1/3 of the cranberry mixture. Repeat ending with a plain cake layer. Spread the top and sides of the cake with the remaining whipped topping. Cube jellied cranberry sauce and place cubes on top of cake around the outer edge. Chill until ready to serve.
MOLDED CRANBERRY PEAR SALAD
(Makes 1, VA quart mold)
2 envelopes unflavored gelatin 2 cups Ocean Spray cranberry juice cocktaU
1 can (16 ounces) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce
1 can (1 pound, 14 ounces) pear halves, drained and diced
Vi cup finely chopped celery
1 large apple, peeled, cored and shredded
1 cup bite-size salad greens
Mayonnaise
Stir gelatin into 1 cup of the cranberry juice. Place gelatin mix- ture over low heat and stir until gelatin is dissolved. Stir into re- maining cranberry juice. Stir in whole berry sauce. Chill until thick- ened and consistency of unbeaten egg white. Fold in pears, celery and apple. Pour into a VA quart mold. Chill until gelatin is firm. To un- mold, dip mold into lukewarm water for a few seconds. Tap to loosen gelatin and invert mold onto serving platter. Surround with bite- size pieces of salad greens.
15
OCEAN SPRAY OFFICIALS AT OREGON
►OOOOOOOQOCX
Cranberry Growers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE. IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH. MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571
Cranberry growers gathered at the VFW Hall recently to meet with Ocean Spray Cranberrids officials from Hanson, Mass., and Markham, Wash., who flew in that morning.
Looking over the statistics which were presented later to the growers, are (from left), Robert C. Lucas, West Coast Area Manager, Markham, Wash.; Endre Endresen, vice presi- dent, operations, Hanson, Mass.; John Connally, vice president, mar- keting, Hanson; Gilbert T. Beaton, director of grower services, Hanson; WiUiam T. Dufort, Bandon Ocean Spray plant manager, and Harold Thorkilsen, president and chief ex- ecutive officer, from Hanson. -Western World Photo
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73366
NEW PRODUCTS
NEW BROCHURE FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION MARKET
A new four-color brochure is available on Johns-Manville's large diameter, underground PVC pres- sure pipe for use in agricultural irrigation systems.
The attractive six-page folder il- lustrates J-M's new 80 and 100 psi pipes with the integral thickened Ring-Tite bell and rubber ring seal. The brochure emphasizes the ad- vantages of this advanced pipe de- sign for rapid low-cost installation, minimum maintenance and long term operating economy.
For a copy of the brochure, con- tact a J-M Agri-Turf sales repre- sentative, or write to J-M Fresno Corp., Agri-Turf Dept., P. O. Box 232, Fresno, Calif. 93708. Please specify booklet no. TR-601A when ordering.
STORAGE RACKS
Literature describing a new line of storage racks with a unique con- necting device has been released by the Allis-Chalmers Corp. Industrial Truck Division.
The six-page bulletin includes both product description and in- structions for customizing storage racks. All members are constructed to Rack Manufacturers Institute specifications, with 10 models of beams interchangeable with frames in heights to 192 in.
In addition, the bulletin describes a line of accessories including base- plates, post guards, barrel support bars, skid channels, wall connectors and pipe spacers, among others.
Copies of "Storage Racks," MH- 685, can be obtained from the In- dustrial Truck Division, 21800 S. Cicero Ave., Matteson, 111. 60443.
NOW OPEN !
f lOff i nOwWm m ^complete line of automotive parts, accessories & equipment
Monday - Friday 8:00 to 5:30 Saturday 8:00 to 5:00 Sunday 8:00 to 1:00
866-4571
Over 25 Years Automotive Experience Machine Shop Service available
No. 20 in the growing Allied Chain
Cedar Springs Plaza
Route 58
Carver, Massachusetts
17
McFARLIN CRANBERRIES
Continued from Page 9
down during the 25-week storage period. These results were con- firmed in the 2 years of experi- mental work, Retardant chemicals need Environmental Protection Agency clearance, which may take several years before commercial use. Foliar spray 10-12-0 + Zn 2% can be used immediately on cranberries as a nutritional foliar spray without further investigation. Such an ap- plication will aid cranberry growers to produce good quality berries with longer storage life; conse- quently the fresh market season will be extended.
Literature Cited
L Bain, H. P., H. F. Bergman, and K. B. Wilcox. 1942. Harvesting and handling of cultivated cranberries. USDA Farmers Bui 1882.
2. Blanpied, G. D., R. M. Smock, and D. A. KoUas. 1967. Effect of Alar on optimum harvest dates and keep- ing quality of apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. ScL 90:467-575.
1 Doughty, C. C, M. E. Patterson, and A. Y. Shawa. 1968. Storage longevity of the 'McFarlin' cranberry as in- fluenced by certain growth retardants
and stage of maturity. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. ScL 91:192-204.
4. FrankUn, H. J. 1948. Cranberry growing in Massachusetts. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. BuL 447.
5. Graham, S. O., M. E. Patterson, and Barbara Allen. 1967. Bruising as a pre-disposing factor in the decay of stored cranberries. Phytopathology 57:497-501.
6. McNaU, L. R. 1967. Foliar applica- tions of micronutrients. Pert. SoL 11(6):8-13.
7. Patterson, M. E., C. C. Doughty, S. O. Graham, and Barbara Allen. 1967. Effect of bruising on post- harvest softening, color changes and detection of polygalacturonase enzyme in cranberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. ScL 90:498-505.
8. Proebsting, E. L. 1964. Progress re- port on the use of growth retardants on soft fruits. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. Proc. 60:25-26.
9. Tuli, v., R. R. Dedolph, and S. H. Wittwer. 1962. Effects of NS-Bcnzyl- adeninc and dchydroacetic acid on storage behavior of cherries and strawberries. Mich. Agr. ExpL Sta. Quart. BuL 45:223-226.
SEE NEXT PAGE
FOR TABLES REFERRED
TO IN THIS ARTICLE.
"POUND FOOLISH" OVER RESEARCH
Continued from Page 5
Some people speculate that Pound's committee escaped from his control; that the "molecular" scientists on it out-voted the "prac- tical" scientists. Others believe the committee's membership predes- tined a report of this biased nature; that these were mainly laboratory scientists who never had contact with commercial agriculture and lacked any knowledge of its prob- lems or its research history.
Any discussion of this nature is moot. The report is in print, massive cuts have been made in agricultural research funds, and the Pound com- mittee is receiving the blame or the credit depending on which side you are on. There is an old British saying, "Penny-wise but pound foolish."
-by John Carew American Vegetable Grower
obiruawy
MRS. CHELSEY TREAT
Mrs. Arlene Treat, 66, of Route 1, Tomah, Wisconsin, died May 14 in the Lutheran Hospital at LaCrosse after undergoing heart surgery.
The former Arlene Krueger was born at Merrill, Wisconsin and mar- ried Chelsey Treat in 1927. They operated a cranberry marsh near Tomah.
She was a member of the Con- gregational United Church of Christ, the Tomah Study Club, the Eastern Star, the Tomah Garden Club, the Memorial Hospital Auxiliary and the Helping Hand.
Surviving are her husband; a s6n Raymond, Tomah; two sisters, Mrs. Leone Mead, Santa Monica, Cal. and Mrs. Elizabeth Fries, Milwau^ kee; two brothers, Ervin of Mil-^ waukee and Alvin of Merrill; and two grandchildren.
Table 1. CO2 production and breakdown (%) of 'McFarlin' cranberries treated in 1969 and 1970 with various nutritional foliar sprays, harvested at physiological maturity and held in storage at S'^C for 2 5 weeks.
|
CO |
2 producti |
ion'- |
||||
|
Rate per acre |
ml/Kg/hr |
Breakdc 1969 |
3wn (%)z |
|||
|
Treatment |
1969 |
1970 |
1970 |
|||
|
Control |
10.87 b |
13.32 be |
5.0 b |
4.7 b |
||
|
0-10-0 + Mn 7%+ Zn 14% |
20 1b |
9.56 ab |
14.40 d |
2.1 a |
1.8a |
|
|
0-17-0 + Mn 8%+ Zn 7% |
20 1b |
10.13 b |
13.50 cd |
2.4 a |
2.1 a |
|
|
0-40-0 + Zn 14% |
20 lb |
8.06 a |
12.94 ab |
1.6 a |
1.5a |
|
|
10-12-0 -1- Zn 2% |
2qt |
9.00 ab |
12.26 a |
2.1 a |
1.8 a |
|
|
0-16-9 -1- Zn 1 % |
2qt |
10.50 b |
14.06 cd |
7.4 c |
6.4 c |
^Mean of 5 replications .sampled at S-week intervals. Mean separtion by Duncan's multiple range test at 5%.
Table 2. CO2 production and breakdown (%) of 'McFarlin' cranberries treated 40 days post bloom in 1969 and 1970 with various growth retardants, harvested at physiological maturity and held in storage at 3^C for 2 5 weeks.
|
C02Productii |
onz |
|||||
|
Concentration ppm |
ml/Kg/hr |
Breakdown |
(%)^ |
|||
|
Treatment |
1969 |
1970 |
1969 |
1970 |
||
|
Control |
|
11.67 c |
12.68 be |
5.4 def |
6.0 e |
|
|
N6BA |
250 |
9.34 ab |
11.59 a |
3.0 ab |
2.5 ab |
|
|
Phosphon |
100 |
9.79 ab |
12.49 be |
4.6 abed |
2.3 a |
|
|
MH-30 |
4000 |
9.23 a |
12.60 be |
3.0 abe |
3.4 abed |
|
|
AIT |
1000 |
10.47 abc |
11.93 ab |
2.9 a |
3.1 abc |
|
|
CCC |
2000 |
10.91 be |
13.05 c |
4.8 abede |
3.7 abed |
|
|
SADH |
2500 |
11.25 c |
12.15 abc |
8.0 g |
4.9 bed |
^Means of 5 replications sampled at 5-week intervals. Mean separation by Duncan's multiple range test at 5%.
Table 3. Vqlume and wt of 'McFarlin' cranberries treated in 1969 and 1970 with various nutritional foliar sprays.
'Receivedfor publication July 12, 1972. Scientific Paper No. 3894, College of Agriculture, Washington State University. Work was conducted under Project #1889. The investigation was supported in part by a research grant from Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Hanson, Massa- chusetts.
2Coastal Washington Research and Ex- tension Unit, Long Beach, Washington. 3 Appreciation is expressed to Leffing- well Chemical Co., Brea, California for chemical supplies.
♦Unpublished data: C. C. Doughty, 1965, Western Washington Research and Ex- tension Center, Puyallup, Washington.
|
Mean volume^ |
Mean |
wt^ |
|||
|
Rate per acre |
ml/berry |
g/berry |
|||
|
Treatment |
1969 |
1970 |
1969 |
1970 |
|
|
Control |
|
2.1 b |
1.7 b |
1.0b |
0.9 b |
|
0-10-0 + Mn 7%+ Zn 14% |
20 1b |
l.Sd |
1.2 d |
0.7 e |
0.6 d |
|
0-17-0 + Mn 8%-H Zn 7% |
20 1b |
1.6 cd |
1.3 ed |
0.8 d |
0.7 c |
|
0-40-0 + Zn 14% |
20 1b |
1.8 e |
1.4 e |
0.9 c |
0.7 c |
|
10-12-0 + Zn 2% |
2 qt |
2.4 a |
2.0 a |
1.2 a |
1.0 a |
|
0-16-9 + Zn 1% |
2qt |
l.Sd |
1.2 d |
0.7 e |
0.6 d |
^Means of 5 replications; mean separation by Duncan's multiple range test
at 5%.
Table 4. Volume and wt of 'McFarlin' cranberries treated 40 days post bloom in 1969 and 1970 with various growth retardants.
|
Mean volume^ |
Mean wt^ |
||||
|
Concentration ppm |
ml/berry |
g/be |
rry |
||
|
Treatment |
1969 |
1970 |
1969 |
1970 |
|
|
Control |
|
1.9bcde |
2.2 c |
1.0 bed |
0.9 c |
|
N6BA |
250 |
2.2 ab |
2.0 ede |
1.1 abc |
0.7 de |
|
Phosphon |
100 |
2.0 abed |
1.8 e |
1.1 abe |
1.6 e |
|
MH-30 |
4000 |
2.1 abe |
2.5 ab |
1.1 abe |
1.0 ab |
|
AIT |
1000 |
l.Sbedef |
2.1 cd |
1.0 bed |
0.8 ed |
|
CCC |
2000 |
1.6 f |
1.9 de |
0.9 e |
0.2 de |
|
SADH |
2500 |
2.4 a |
2.6 a |
1.2 a |
1.1 a |
ZMeans of 5 replications; mean separation by Duncan's multiple range test at 5%.
19
<<Hlf ♦♦♦♦»*MtllllH»»
WISCOBSIH
ftm«tmniiininii»
April began with rain and cooler temperatures. A couple of mild days returned on the 5 th and 6th before a deep low pressure system formed in the southern Rockies and moved northeastward bringing very heavy, drifting snow to most of Wisconsin on April 8th and 9th, only the extreme northwest corner of the State missing the effects of the storm. This storm was the worst early spring storm in the State, ex- ceeding the one on April 15- 16th in 1921.
Another storm system brought heavy thunderstorm rains from southwestern and west central , counties into the northeast over the weekend of the 14th. This rainfall ' with the snow melt caused rivers and streams to rise rapidly and flood low-lying areas. Considerable erosion likewise occurred in south- western Wisconsin.
Temperatures averaged well be- low normal over most of the State as the white snow cover mostly reflected the sunshine or used it for melting or evaporation. The morning of April 11th was parti- cularly cold in southern Wisconsin as temperatures in low-lying areas reached down to near the zero mark. Mild temperatures near 70 were reported in northwestern Wis- consin on the 13th and in the southeast on the 15 th.
Some rain accompanied a strong cold front across Wisconsin on the 16th which also ushered in clearing and cooler weather. Thunderstorm activity became heavy again later in the week as a deep low moved northward over the Plains States pumping Gulf moisture into our region. Rainfall was particularly heavy in the southeast where up to 6 inches fell locally from Beloit iiortheastward to the Milwaukee area.
The week of May 1 3th was very cool through the 16th but tempera- tures warmed up to the 70's on the
20
20th. Some record lows were set on the mornings of May 15th and 17th with frost in many areas. Tempera- tures averaged 5 degrees below normal for the week. Rainfall was the lightest in three weeks, averaging less than 54 inch in most areas. A little snow fell in the extreme north late on the 15th. Scattered showers occurred on the 18th, in the south.
After the heavy rains the week- end of May 26th, skies cleared and
good drying conditions prevaile most of the week, A few ligh showers occurred in the north o the 30th and over the entire Stat on the weekend. Temperatures av eraged near normal. Cool tempera tures near freezing occurred in th northwest on the morning of th 29th and in the remainder of th State early the next day. Summer like warmth with readings in thi 80's moved in on the 30th an< stayed through the weekend.
USE HERBICIDES CORRECTLY
GOOD weed control dosen't just happen, it must be planned. Dr. Steve Kostewicz, University of Florida extension vegetable special- ist, offers this quick review of basic premises to help growers get the greatest benefit from herbicides. HERBICIDES
1) Use only materials labeled and recommended for the crop.
2) Use a material fulfilling the above requirement that will solve the specific weed problem of your area.
3) Use a rate that is neither too high (crop injury and residue) nor too low (poor weed control).
APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
1) Use an applicator designed for herbicides.
2) Keep it functioning properly — proper pressures, agitation, not leaking, etc.
3) Calibrate frequently — right pattern, right delivery, right height, etc. (calibrate in the field using water only).
SOIL CONDITIONS
1) Too many clods? Large dods shade the spray pattern, giv- ing uneven coverage.
2) Avoid excessive undecayed plant residues.
3) Soil surface should be level and fmely prepared.
4) If using "crowned" beds, avoid seed drill depressions, herbi- cides can wash into the depression resulting in increased rates at the crop plant row. Avoid over-crown- ing which can allow herbicides to wash away from desired area.
APPLICATION
1) Use correct timing — too early or too late applications can reduce control or adverse weather conditions can affect activity.
2) Optimize soil moisture con- ditions. Generally low soil moisture hinders herbicide activity, but some need* more moisture for activity than others. Excessive irrigation, however, can leach or move herbi- cides from the proper area.
3) Use the right placement. Some herbicides must be incorpo- rated for best results. Depth of incorporation must be regulated and done thoroughly.
4) Weather conditions — high temperatures can cause loss of her- bicides due to volatilization. High winds can create drift problems.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
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WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood. Mich.
-222-4151
414-435-6639
906-932-0222
1 1 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
TERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPAN
% serving llie WISCONSIN greweps %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
UMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I wiU give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd I Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHHELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
[AGWAYJ
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing
Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
1
When You *-
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
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How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
M>H9_4^-c-^
Massachusetts
New/ Jersey
^ W/isconsin
I Oregon
XA/ashington
Canada
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRAJSIBERRY MAGAZINI
JULY 1973
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
LIBRARY
LIBRARY - r.r.RI UN IV OF MA.',3 AMHERST MAS'", (
A WINE FOR ALL SEASONS . TOLERANCE OF CRANBERRIES
TO SAN-9789 11
WASHINGTON FIELD DAY. . . 17
^^ BIBECTOBY (or cranlierry growers -^
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Electricity - key to progress
In indusfry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
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Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
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ape K^od L^ranberri/ c/rowers ^Association
ANNUAL MEETING
TUESDAY, AUGUST 21, 1973
Massachusetts Experiment Station
RAIN OR SHINE
— PROGRAM--^
10 A. M. to Noon — Equipment Displays
Tours of State Bog Field Research Plots
12 Noon — Ham and Turkey Buffet ($2.75 per person)
1 P. M. — Business Meeting
Committee Reports
Election of Officers
Station Gommentaries : Dr. Chester li. Cross, Director A Message from the Commissioner of Agriculture - Commissioner Nathan Chandler
Market Prospects for 1973
Guest Speaker: Mr. Gregory Finn, Information Director,
Massachusetts Farm Bureau, whose topic will be - '*Ho\v Are We Going to Keep 'em Down on the Farm."
1973 Crop Release: Byron S. Peterson, Agricultural Statistician,
USDA, Boston
CAPE COD CRANBERRY GROWERS' ASSOCIATION Irving E. Demoranville, Secretary
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iilH NEWS
WASHINBTON
#if III iiMim n»i>*»m<
Highlights for June included the annual Field Day with emphasis on the 50 years of cranberry research at this station. June 30th was a memorable day, with special guests, D. J. Crowley first superintendent from 1923 to 1954, Dr. C. C. Doughty from 1954 to 1965 and Azmi Shawa, 1965 to present— as- sembled and greeted by Dr. Glenn Terrell, Washington State University president.
June temperature ranged from a high of 76 degrees on the 21st to a low of 37 degrees on the 2nd. Pre- cipitation for the month was 6.71 inches with the greatest amount on the 25th, 1.61 inches. This will bring the water table to a fairly normal situation. The bloom has been very heavy, and the berry set looks favorable so far.
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NEWJEKSEY
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The weather in June was warmer and wetter than normal. It was the ninth consecutive month of above average rainfall in the cranberry region of the State. The fifteen days of rainfall in June totaling 4.91 was 1.19 inches above normal. During the important growing season from April through June there has been a total of 15.82 inches of rain, which is about 5.18 inches (and about 50% more than normal). This has caused difficulties with fungus diseases in blueberries and has ham- pered the harvest operations. In some instances the mechanical har- vesters have been unable to manipu- late in flooded fields.
In regard to temperature the average was 71.8, about one degree warmer than normal. Extremes were
93 degrees F on the 11th and 48 degrees on the first. There were seven 90-degree days, all occurring near the middle of the month.
Cranberries were in peak bloom about the 4th of July. The blossom- ing is heavier than normal on most bogs. The population of wild bees is higher than it has been in the' past several years and pollination activity has been good. As of July 9th the prospects in New Jersey are for a better-than-normal crop.
OREBON
Urea Unavailable
As was noted in this column earlier in the year, some fertilizers will be hard to locate this year. This has certainly proven to be the case with urea. This popular nitrogen fertilizer now seems impossible to find. Moreover, dealers don't hold much hope for any being available
even into the summer when urea is norm^ly used as a source of nitro- gen for bogs. I understand that it could be late in the fall or even early next year before much urea is available unless there is a drastic and unexpected break in the present national fertilizer situation. How- ever, it is always possible that lim- ited supphes will become available so constant checking with dealers is advised.
Kocide 101
Kocide 101 is a newer type of wettable powder copper fungicide that will dissolve in water and so be much easier to mix than Bordeaux. Kocide is also a material that has been quite effective in fungus con- trol on various other fruit crops. Because of its usefulness, it has come to replace Bordeaux where proper labeling is provided. Cran- berries are not presently included on the Kocide label in Oregon, however. As a consequence, this material cannot be recommended for use on bogs here. But every ef-
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Telephone: 293-3711
fort is being made to gain approval of Kocide before spring copper fungicides are to be applied next year. I have been assured that if a label is obtained for Kocide on cran- berries in the state of Washington, then the research work presently being completed at the research station in Long Beach will be ac- cepted for a state label on the ma- terial in Oregon.
New Bulletin Available
A new bulletin titled "Cranberry Production in Washington" has been issued by Washington State Univer- sity and evidently replaces one of the same name printed in 1966. Oregon growers were furnished a copy of this earlier edition, but I hope to soon obtain copies of the new bulletin for request distribu- tion. However, copies are now avail- able through the research station in Long Beach should you not want to wait for them to be available through the Coos county extension office in Coquille.
Heat Control
Hot summer days can severely injure cranberry vines plus actually cook the developing berries. Exper- ience has shown, however, that sprinkling bogs when conditions are critical can avoid this heat injury. According to the new Washington cranberry bulletin, "A widespread belief that sprinkling during hot weather may cook the berries has no foundation in fact. Actually, the temperatures of the sprinkled areas very quickly drop 8 to 10 degrees. Turn the sprinklers on before the temperature reaches 80 degrees F. Where water is scarce, the sprinklers may be operated intermittently, but often enough to keep the vines wet."
SUMMER BOG FEEDING
By David Keir
It has become pretty well ac- cepted that cranberry vines are more productive if fed with the right fertilizers during the summer. On the West Coast at least, recommend- ations are to apply certain restricted amounts of a nitrogen fertilizer in 4
July after fruit set and again in Aug- ust so as to continue bud set and the proper development of berries. This basic program is outlined in the new bulletin "Cranberry Pro- duction in Washington," WSU-EB 645, which for Washington bogs recommends a six pound per acre actual N application in July after fruit set and again at the same rate of nitrogen in August.
This same basic program was outlined by Azmi Shawa for Oregon bogs when he spoke at a grower's meeting in late May. He stressed that 5 to 10 pounds per acre of actual nitrogen should be applied at fruit set. This is normally con- sidered to be right about now when bloom is disappearing and when most berries that are going to dev- elop have set. A second application of 5 to 10 pounds of actual nitro- gen per acre was then recommended by Mr. Shawa for application in very late July or the first week of August.
The basic reasoning behind the above mentioned programs is that nitrogen does not remain available in the bog soil very long. It is rapidly used up and applications of this element made in the spring do not last very well into the summer. Yet the vines require nitrogen in July and August in amounts suf- ficient to continue development of this year's crop and to set the buds for next year's crop. As a result, if nitrogen levels are too low in mid- summer, yields for two years can be seriously reduced.
BEE PLACEMENT TIPS
By David Keir
At the grower's meeting held re- cently, Azmi Shawa, horticulturist from the Washington cranberry re- search station, discussed the use of honey bees for cranberry pollina- tion. He stressed that insects are vital to good berry set and that the use of rental bee hives has proven to be a good investment. At one time it was thought that cranberries were primarily wind pollinated but this view is no longer accepted. In
fact, it has been pretty well shown by research that any wind pollina- tion of cranberries is negligible and that this crop is quite dependent on insect pollination.
In the Bandon area, most bogs are surrounded by bru'sh and trees. This situation is favorable to wild pollinators and often provides local bogs with a large number of native insects capable of improving berry set. However, in large bog areas there are often not enough wild pollinators to adequately visit the mass of bloom that several acres of bog provide. Moreover, native insect populations are cyclic with numbers greatly reduced in some years. These factors lead growers to rent hives of domestic honey bees as a form of insurance for good berry set and adequate crops.
Although it is now an accepted practice in cranberry growing to place bee hives next to the bogs during bloom there are guidelines that should be followed in order to Continued on Page 16
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CRAI*^BERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE: - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Issue of July 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 3
AGRICULTURE AND LABOR POLICY
There is a movement afoot today in agriculture and political circles to bring to farm employment the kind of federal legislation which has governed labor relations on the railroads and in industry generally for many years. One proposal in Congress would simply apply the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) to agriculture. Another, the Leggett Bill (H.R. 13981), would govern farm labor relations with legislation amounting to a combination of the NLRA and the Railway Labor Act's procedures for mediating and arbitrating collective bargaining disputes.
There is a tendency in some quarters to believe that agricultural employers and the nation would be benefited if either the NLRA, or some variation such as the Leggett Bill, were to become appHcable in agricultural employment. The idea seems to be that labor relations legislation would either cut down on the coercive organizing techniques of the agricultural unions or, together with a presumed immunity among agricultural employees to union organization, mini- mize the union presence on the farms. Sometimes one hears also that labor relations legislation such as the Leggett Bill is needed in order to keep within fair bounds the capacity of agricultural unions to exact expensive collective bargaining concessions from em- ployers.
The preceding description should be sufficient to show the error in those views. If either the NLRA or the Leggett Bill were to control agricultural labor relations, there can be no doubt that the organizing and collective bargaining powers of agricultural unions would be enhanced, not restrained; and that the lot of agricultural employers would be worsened, not bettered. Compulsory, coercive unionism would in- crease, not decrease. Labor costs would go up in agriculture, not down.
Dr. Sylvester Petro has prepared an in-depth study of the subject. His 52-page booklet, "Agriculture and Labor Policy," is available from Commerce Clearing House, Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60646.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 Ail correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
p advisors - correspondents -^
Nova Scotia L V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, IVIass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entonnology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is -50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
S Fiem Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Dr. Robert Devlin attended the AIBS meetings at the University in Amherst on June 18th- 19th.
Two members of our Station group retired at the end of June. They are Audrey and Milton Paine. Audrey has been our secretary and bookkeeper for nearly 2 1 years and I hate to think of the number of stencils she has cut for me or the questions regarding funds that she has answered. Milt has worked at the Station for about 13 years, part of the time as Stan Norton's assist- ant and part of the time in the old building. Milt has run the address- o-graph and stuffed countless charts and circular letters. I would like to wish them both a long, happy and healthy retirement.
Annual Meeting
The 86th Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Asso- ciation will be held on Tuesday, August 21st, at the Cranberry Sta- tion beginning at 10 A.M. The program is complete at this time and will include equipment and machinery displays and exhibits, a guided tour of the State Bog and the various research plots and a ham and turkey buffet at lunch. After lunch there will be a business meeting, committee reports, a short message from the Commissioner of Agriculture, Greg Finn of the Mass. Farm Bureau as guest speaker and the official crop forecast by Mr. Byron S. Peterson of the Crop Reporting Service.
Frost
There were a total of 8 warnings released during the spring of 1973. This is the same number as in 1972, 10 in 1971, 16 in 1970, 25 in 1969 and 21 in 1968. Frost damage is 6
negligible this year as there were no really cold nights, only borderline or nervous nights. As usual we are indebted to our very reliable weather observers and telephone distributors, the radio stations and the compe- tent personnel of the National Weather Service for the important part they play in the service which is sponsored by the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers Association.
Weather
June was a very warm month, averaging 3.7 degrees a day above normal. This is the warmest June since 1957 which was our record and is the third warmest in our records, exceeded only by 1949 and 1957. Maximum temperature
was 92 degrees on the 1 1th and the minimum 45 degrees on the 3rd. Warmer than normal days occurred on the 5th, 8th-12th, 20th-21st, 24th and 28th-29th. The only cool days were the 17th and 18th.
Rainfall was 2.45 inches which is 0.8 1 inches below normal. How- ever 2/3 of this total came in the last week of the month. The month was generally hot and dry but with high humidity the last half of it. There were 12 days with measurable rain with 1.25 inches on the 27th as the largest storm. We also re- corded fog on 11 days which is a good measure of the humid condi- tions. We are now VA inches below normal for the period through June and lP/4 inches less than the same
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period in 1972.
Crop Prospects
Reports and observations show one of our heaviest blooms this year. There was no winter kill, very Httle if any oxygen deficiency and negligible frost injury, so the po- tential is excellent. The crop is running about 10 days to two weeks ahead of last year at this stage. Bees were working and berries set- ting fast the third week of June; However, the wet humid weather of the last week and the first five days of July may have had some effect but there certainly were plenty of bumble bees working the whole time. It would appear that we might have a shot at a new record or close to it at this time.
Insects and Weeds
The first fruitworm moth was caught in Prof. Tomlinson's black light trap on the evening of June 7 which is the same as 1972, one day earlier than 1971 and two days earlier than 1970. Moth flights have been slow to reach peak proportions but are picking up now.
Girdler moths have been flying in large numbers and this means trouble later in the summer. Bill Tomlinson advises that the diazinon treatments listed on the Insect Con- trol Chart give good control of the girdler worms. The granular formu- lation is better than the liquid or wettable powder. This treatment should be applied about July 15 or shortly after when most of the bloom is gone.
Bogs infected with fairy ring disease will show the effects to a greater extent when the bog is dry. Affected areas should be fertilized and kept moist to minimize the damage and then treated with ferbam after harvest as recom- mended on the Insect and Disease Control Chart.
Delapon may be used until the end of July for treating ditch weeds or poverty and switch grasses on shores. Shores and dikes may be sprayed with a solution of silvex and water to control broad leaved weeds. This is especially good on
poison ivy. Salt solution, one pound of salt to a gallon of water applied as a fine spray at not over 200 gallons per acre, will burn off wild bean and other tender weeds. Sul- fate of ammonia or nitrate of soda at about 3 to 4 pounds per square rod applied to patches of haircap moss will burn it and give weak vines in these spots a real boost. Nitrate of Soda or Calcium Nitrate with a little spreader-sticker in water and sprayed as a fine mist will do as well as anything in burning off dodder. Do not use before the end of July.
Will pay highest prices for
Cranberry bogs
Tel. 617-695-9612
USDA EXTENDS DEADLINE FOR COMMENTS ON CRANBERRY PROPOSAL
The U.S. Department of Agri- culture (USDA) has extended the deadline for filing exceptions to the proposed amendment of the mar- keting order which regulates the handling of fresh cranberries grown in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Wash- ington, and Long Island, New York.
The previous deadline of June 15 was extended through July 31. USDA's Agricultural Marketing Ser- vice (AMS) said the recommended amendment was published in the Federal Register May 3 1 . The recom- mendation is based on evidence received at a public hearing held by USDA in Wareham, Mas., Feb. 14, continued in Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., ■ Feb. 22, and in Long Beach, Wash., Feb. 27.
AMS officials said the amend- ment, if adopted, would: 1) change the start of the 2-year term of office for committee members and
oooooeooeoii
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A WINE FOR
ALL SEASONS
By Dennis Lynard
As the hobby of making wine at home grows more and more popu- lar, amateur enologists are turning to some of the ahnost forgotten folk wines of the past— like cran- berry.
Whether it's served at cellar tem- perature during the festive holiday period or over ice on a warm sum- mer day, cranberry wine seems to compliment the occasion. It's a tasty companion to either turkey, beef, lamb or pork and is especially good alone, either as an aperitif or after dinner.
Nearly all the equipment you will need to make this medium- sweet wine can be found around the house.
A two-gallon plastic pail will work perfectly as a primary fermen- tation vessel for starting one gallon of wine. You can also use a two- gallon stone crock which can usually be found in a local junk or antique store. Stainless steel can also be used, but it is the only metal that should ever come into contact with your wine. Other metals such as iron and tin can impart bad flavors to your wine as a result of chemicals formed by the fermentation process acting on the metal.
A sheet of plastic makes the best cover for fermentation vessels of all sizes. Tie it down with string, rub- ber bands or strips of elastic tied together. The cover does not have to be air tight. At this stage, its
8
purpose is to keep out dust and fruit flies.
Syphoning the wine is done with a length of rubber or plastic tubing which is usually available at a drug or hardware store. A six-foot length is all you need.
Secondary fermentors are usually glass so you can observe the wine for clarity. One-gallon apple cider or distilled water bottles are the best thing to use. Start saving them early. Ask your neighbors or the junk store again may be able to help you out.
A nylon stocking or common kitchen strainer can be used to keep any seeds, stems or pulp out of the secondary fermentors.
Fermentation locks can be pur- chased at a wine making supply store. This is a low pressure valve inserted into a rubber plug that fits into the neck of the secondary fer- mentor. The lock keeps air and fruit flies out of the secondary while, at the same time, allows the carbon dioxide, a by-product of the yeast acting on the sugar to form alcohol, to escape. If there isn't a wine making supply store near you, plas- tic sandwich bags and rubber bands make a good substitute for fermen- tation locks.
Cleanliness is the key to success- ful winemaking. Every piece of equipment should be scrupulously clean and even sterilized if you sus-
pect that it might be contaminated with anything that could affect the flavor of your wine.
Here's a recipe for making one U.S. gallon of cranberry wine. For a larger quantity such as five gallons, simply multiply the ingredients by five and use an 11 -gallon plastic wastebasket as a primary fermentor. Five-gallon glass bottles for use aS; secondary fermentors can usually be obtained for two or three dollars from spring water bottling com- panies.
3 lbs. fresh or frozen cranberries 1 lb. raisins
3 lbs. white granulated sugar 3-1/2 quarts of warm water 1/2 of a small orange 1 package of wine yeast or 1/2 pack- age dry, granulated baking yeast
Crush cranberries and chop raisins. A blender will do a good job of this. Use about one cup of fruit at a time, adding a small amount of water to each batch to be blended. Slice the orange half and combine all ingred- ients, except the yeast, in the prim- ary fermentor and cover. Stir and let rest overnight. Add the yeast by sprinkling it on the surface. Do not stir in.
After fermentation begins, stir every day or two, breaking up the "cap." The cap is formed by rising gas bubbles which carry bits of skin
and pulp to the surface. This must be broken up from time to time or it drys out and becomes an ideal breeding ground for spoilage bac- teria.
After the violent "storm" or ac- tion subsides, (usually in a couple of weeks), transfer the wine to the secondary fermentor, straining out the skins, seeds and pulp as you go along, and attach a fermentation lock.
Keep the wine topped up with sugar water to within an inch or two of the top.
Syphon again in three weeks and then again in three months. At that point or shortly afterwards, the wine should have reached the 15% alcohol level, and be clear, drink- able, stable and ready to bottle.
There are several ways of bot- tling your wine, all the way from buying bottles, corks and a corker from a wine making supply house to collecting your own bottles and reusing the corks and screw caps. If you use this latter method, be sure and clean the bottles well and boil the old corks and screw caps.
If you use screw caps on your
wine bottles be very sure the fer- mentation process is complete be- fore bottling. Wine that is still fermenting in a corked bottle will blow the cork out. A bottle of fermenting wine that is screw- capped will explode.
Be sure and put at least a couple of bottles of your new wine aside. Drink one a few months later and the other in a year, to see if aging makes any difference.
There is a controversy concern- ing cranberry wine and aging. Some claim it wUl get better with age and some say it's at its best when it's first bottled. Others say it really makes no difference. It's most likely an answer that each cranberry wine maker has to discover for himself.
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DON'T SMOKE CIGARETTES
Middle-aged cigarette smokers suf- fer heart attacks at a rate about twice that of non-smokers.
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OCEAN SPRAY ANNOUNCES REALIGNMENT OF PROCESSED SALES DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT
A reorganization of the Processed Sales Department management at Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., has been announced by Patrick M. McCarthy, Director of Sales.
Andrew J. Murray has been pro- moted to the position of National Sales Manager— Processed Sales, re- porting directly to Mr. McCarthy, headquartered at the Hanson, Massachusetts executive offices of Ocean Spray, Mr. Murray will have three Divisional Managers and the Manager-Sales Administration re- porting to him.
Mr. Murray joined Ocean Spray in 1971 as Eastern Divisional Man- ager. Previously, he served in sales management capacities with Sara Lee and Burry Biscuit. Mr. Murray is married and lives in Whitman, Mass.
Joseph J. Perelka has been pro- moted to the position of Eastern Divisional Manager, the position vacated by Mr. Murray. Mr. Perelka joined Ocean Spray last year as Regional Manager for the metro- politan New York area, after serving
as a District Manager for Sara Lee. He will supervise Ocean Spray's Regional Managers for the New England, New York, Mid Atlantic and Allegheny regions in his new capacity. Mr. Perelka is married and resides in Ivyland, Pa.
1973 MAINE BLUEBERRY CROP INDICATED UP FROM LAST YEAR
Prospects as of mid-July are for a crop 20 percent larger than last year.
Fog with accompanying rainy weather in May and June got the blueberry crop off to a slow start. Worm and blight damage are gener- ally light this year. Due to above average moisture conditions the berries this year are larger than last year, the size ranging from medium to large. The quality of this year's crop is expected to be good. Har- vesting began in York county, Kennebunk area, the latter part of July. Hancock county will begin their harvest the first of August with Washington county starting approximately a week later. The amount of rainfall and temperature levels between now and completion of harvest will determine the final outcome of this year's crop.
JOSEPH j. PERELKA
W^
'*j?
ANDREW J. MURRAY
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC, 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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|
|
•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
|
• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
•WATER HARVEST |
|
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• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
|
•AUXILIARY UNIT |
•HARVESTING |
|
The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
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a farm tractor or any other |
|
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
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per minute. |
10
TOLERANCE OF CRANBERRIES TO THE EXPERIMENTAL HERBICIDE SAN-9789
by I. E. Demoranville, R. M. Devlin and K. H. Deubert
Nutgrass, Cyperus dentatus and cutgrass, Leersia oryzoides are two of the more troublesome weeds that infest Massachusetts cranberry bogs. Growers are able to suppress the growth of nutgrass and cutgrass for about 75% of the growing season by the application of casoron (dichlobenil) or morcran, a formu- lated mixture of alanap and CIPC. However, by August and early September when berries are begin- ning to size and color rapidly, these weeds have overcome the herbicidal effects and are of sufficient height and abundance to compete with the cranberry vines for sunlight, nutri- ents and water. This results in fruit that is slow to size and color which in turn causes a delay in the start of harvest. Also, since eradication of the weeds has not been effected, an annual application of some type of herbicide is necessary.
Field tests from 1970 through 1972 have shown that nutgrass and cutgrass can be controlled for two entire growing seasons with the application of an experimental fluorinated pyridazinone herbicide called SAN-9789. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this herbicide on vines and fruit. Residue tests on berries were also conducted.
A series of 25 plots, 64 sq. ft. in area was established in a latin square design on a section of weed-free cranberry bog with a relatively consistent stand of vines. SAN-9789 as a 5% granular formulation was applied in mid-April at rates of 0, 8, 12, 16 and 24 pounds per acre active ingredient. The variety used was Early Black and each treatment
was rephcated 5 times. Effects on the vines were assessed visually in late August and the plots were hand scooped in the latter part of September.
A sample of berries was taken from the total yield of each plot within 24 hours of harvest and frozen to stop color development. Red pigment concentration was de- termined at a later date using the methods of Francis and Atwood (3) and Servadio and Francis (6). Berries from the frozen samples were also used for pectin analysis, dry weight determination and resi- due analysis. Residue analyses were carried out according to the ap- proved analytical method supplied by the manufacturer.
Results and Discussion
Figure 1 is a tracing of gas chromatograms. The bottom chio- matogram shows untreated berries with a known amount of SAN-9789 added in the laboratory; note the characteristic broad, symmetrical peak after about 10 minutes. This is known as a standard. The top chromatogram occurred when ber- ries from a plot treated with SAN- 9789 at 24 pounds per acre were used; note that there is no peak, which indicates no residue present.
There was no visible indication of injury on vines treated with 8 lbs/ A of SAN-9789. At the 12 lb/ A rate a slight chlorosis was observed at the base of the leaves about 6 weeks after application. This con- dition proved to be temporary and had completely disappeared by har- vest. At the higher rates of 16 and 24 lbs/A the leaf chlorosis was more
pronounced and persisted into the following season. Recent studies on the mode of action of fluorinated pyridazinones suggest that chloro- plast development is inhibited due to influence of the chemicals on carotenoid synthesis and accumu- lation (1, 4). This would result in a bleaching of green color in leaves.
Figure 2 indicates the influence of various rates of SAN-9789 on color, dry weight, size and pectin content of cranberries as compared to untreated fruit.
As the cranberry ripens, rela- tively large amounts of anthocyanin pigments are formed, giving the mature fruit an attractive red color. A relationship exists between color of cranberries and their commercial value, especially in the early part of the harvest season. Thus, we must guard against herbicides that retard or reduce color development. In Figure 2, line 1 indicates the per- cent of color at various concentra- tions of SAN-9789 as compared to the control, which is indicated by line 2. Note that berries from the 8 lb/A treatment had 8 percent less color than the control and at 12 lb/ A 6 percent less color; however, at the higher rates of 16 and 24 lb/A there was, respectively 5 and 6 percent more color than control fruit. These differences were not statistically significant.
The average size of berries from treated plots (Figure 2, line 4) was slightly smaller than the control. But again the differences were not statistically significant.
In addition to an increase in size, another important change that
11
takes place during the ripening period of cranberries is a progressive increase in dry weight (5). Any . chemical that delays ripening should accordingly effect the dry weight of berries. In this study no signifi- cant difference in dry weight be- tween control and treated berries could be detected (Figure 2, line 3).
A typical analysis of fresh cran- berries would show that an average of 1.2% of the berry is composed of pectin and it is this relatively large amount of pectin which is responsible for the high jelling strength of this fruit (2). Any chemical that causes gross reduction in pectin content would be of questionable value to the industry. The influence of various rates of SAN-9789 on pectin content of Early Black cranberries is shown in Figure 2, line 5. It appears that the herbicide has an inverse effect on pectin content; as the rate increases the pectin content decreases. How- ever, only the highest rate of 24 lbs/A which reduced the pectin content by 27 percent was statis- tically significant at the 5% level.
Fig. 1 - Tracings of Gas Chromatograms
ft
cranberry ^ growers
For just $2.50 per acre plus cost of materials applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungi- cides through your sprinkler systems. Compare these features:
1. No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined.
2. No waiting for fog to lift— also can work in the dark of night if necessary.
3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results.
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5. No disposal problems of empty poison containers.
6. Consideration given to large acreage.
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The data from field trials indi- cate that excellent weed control can be obtained with rates of 8 lb/A or less. These tests show that at this concentration SAN-9789 will not have any effect on color, size, dry weight or pectin content of Early Black cranberries. Also there are no adverse effects on vines and no residues present at harvest.
Continued on Page 20
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SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alt Oil Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides^ and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WALKER, Univ. of IVis. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history 3f plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . /irus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases ncited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfect!, asomycetes, basidio- nycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . disease control through protection and through host resist- mce. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is )rovided.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H. F. MCCOLLY, Mich. Slate Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- mg Agricultural Products . . . Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering. ..Soil Erosion Control ... and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents oi this guide includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By harry warren anderson
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois
501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
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massachusetts
FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
O.S.H.A. Act
O.S.H.A. Act (William-Steiger Act) because of its complexity has raised many questions and left some of the old ones without any clear answers. We will attempt to clear up some of this confusion.
As of July 6, 1973 only four standards specifically apply to agri- culture: (1) Permanent housing for migrant labor, (2) Use of slow moving vehicle emblem, (3) Storage and handling of anhydrous ammo- nia, and (4) Pulp wood logging. In addition to these four formal stand- ards, farmers are also subject to the "General Duty Clause." This allows an inspecting officer to, if in his judgment a hazardous condition exists, cite a farmer for non com- pliance.
Employers with less than eight employees are required to display a poster, report fatalities, and/or mul- tiple accidents. Employers with eight or more employees are re-
quired to keep the following records:
(1) O.S.H.A. 100- Accident log,
(2) O.S.H.A. 101 -supplemental ac- cident report, (3) O.S.H.A. 102- annual accident summary, and, in addition, must display the poster and report fatalities and multiple accidents.
Tank Mixes of Pesticides
U.S. Environmental Agency has recently taken a stand on tank mixes of pesticides (mixing of two or more pesticides in the spray tank). They state that tank mixes and serial applications (repeated applications) fall into three cate- gories: (1) Those tank mixes that have instructions provided for such use on product labels registered with the E.P.A., (2) Tank mixes that may be covered by a state registration, (3) Various tank mixes and serial applications that are recommended by a state, or are commonly used in that state for agricultural purposes. These uses
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can be continued if: (a) the products in the mix are applied at a dosage rate not to exceed the label instruc- tions for use of any product in the mix used singly for the same set of insects on the same crop, and (b) if the label on one or more of the products does not explicitly in- struct against such mixtures. The burden of responsibility for the continued use of the tank mixes in the third category lies with the user, not the U.S.E.P.A. These are applied at the applicators' own risk in terms of their effect on crops and application equipment, appli- cator safety, the environment, and pre-harvest tolerance intervals (above from H. Alden Miller, Re- gional Vegetable Specialist).
The need to keep Massachusetts Department of Agriculture intact under state government reorganiza- tion has been reaffirmed by the Board of Directors of MFBF. The Board passed a resolution at the July meeting to this effect, and noted that the department should be strengthened and its responsi- bilities be broadened. Hearings on this phase of reorganization were conducted on Beacon Hill in July.
Plymouth County Farm Bureau annual meeting date has been set at Monday, August 27, 1973. Meet- ings will commence at 7:30 P.M. at the Halifax Country Club on Route 106 in Halifax. A family-style roast boneless chicken will be served, and one free ticket will be provided for each membership. Additional tickets at $4.85 are available from the insurance service office in West Bridgewater.
14
ONLY IN AMERICA - CRANBERRY ICE CREAM SOCIAL
There's nothing perhaps more provocatively nostalgic and truly Americana than the old-fashioned ice cream social. And, when that bouncy cranberry, which grows only in America, is combined in your recipe treats, what a delectably, dandy party scene can be set. A wondrous way to entertain for a special occasion— or just a perfect trick to ward off those sticky summer blues on a sizzling after- noon.
Create your own ice cream parlor —a table replete with pretty penny candies such as pastel fortune hearts, miniature candy canes, and strips of sugar dots. Then, bring out a cake to boast about, the "Cranberry Upside Down Cake." With its gay topping of captivating cranberries and peaches it's sure to cause oos and ahhs! Then, before you hear "we all scream for ice cream," serve brim full glasses of icy cool and creamy "Cranapple Merry-Go- Rounds" such as the "Peach Tickle" or "Three Berry Flip." This is one ice cream social you'll want to remember and record for your family album as well as your recipe box.
CRANBERRY UPSIDE DOWN CAKE
(Makes 1, 10-inch flower-shaped pan)
1/4 cup butter or margarine
6 cling peach halves (16 ounce can),
well drained 1 can (16 ounces) Ocean Spray
whole berry cranberry sauce 1 package (3 ounces) lemon flavor
gelatin 3/4 cup cold water 2/3 cup salad oil 1 package (I8V2 ounces) yellow
cake mix 4 eggs
Meh butter in a 10-inch metal flower-shaped pan, l^h inches deep, or use a 9-inch by 4-inch metal tube pan. Arrange fruit in pan. Cover with batter. Rotate pan so the entire bottom is covered. Place one peach half, hollow side up in pan in the center. Place one peach
half each, hollow side up, in each petal of the pan. Mash cranberry sauce; spoon around and over the peach halves. In a bowl mix gelatin and water until well blended. Add oil and cake mix and beat until smooth. Beat in eggs one at a time. Beat until batter is smooth and velvety. Spoon batter over fruit carefully. Spoon in enough batter until pan is filled 1 inch down from the top. Bake remaining batter in cupcake papers (about 4 to 5 cupcakes. Bake cake in a preheated moderate oven (350° F.) for 1 hour and 10 minutes or until center feels firm to the touch. The cupcakes should be baked only 20 to 25 minutes. Let cake stand for 15 minutes. Loosen edges of cake, place a large platter on top of pan and invert c^e while still warm. Remove pan and serve cake warm or cold.
FAVORITE FLAVOR COMBINATIONS
Peach Tickle-Ocean Spray cran- berry-apple drink, peach ice cream and ginger ale.
Three Berry Flip-Ocean Spiaiy cran- berry-apple drink, strawberry ice cream and raspberry soda.
CRANAPPLE MERRY-GO-ROUNDS
(Makes 1 serving each)
1/2 cup Ocean Spray cranberry- apple drink, chiUed 2 scoops ice cream or sherbet Soda (any flavor), chilled
Pour cranberry-apple drink into tall glass or soda glass. Add ice cream or sherbet. Fill glasses slowly with soda. Serve at once with straws.
15
OREGON
Continued from Page 4 get the most efficient use of bees. According to Mr. Shawa, bogs need two hives per acre of vines set out when there is at least 5 to 10 per- cent bloom on the bog. He also stressed that all hives should not be put in one spot in hopes of covering several acres of bog. Rental hives are much more efficient if distri- buted to several locations over the bog acreage, but it doesn't seem to make much difference where on the dike they are located. Spread- ing them out is the important thing. Finally, Shawa also said that in placing the hives, they should face an easterly or south easterly direc- tion for best protection and com- fort of the bees.
WISCONSIN
The above normal warmth of early June carried over into the second week. Warm temperatures
in the 80' s were common on most days throughout the State with some low 90's reported. Showers and thunderstorms were most num- erous on the 16th and 17th. Some storms were particularly severe with extensive damage to trees and over- head wires south of Madison to Mil- waukee.
Soil moisture is 75 percent ad- equate and 25 percent surplus al- though the northwest area reported a need for rain.
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The mean temperature for June was 63.7°which was slightly warmer than the 50-year average of 59.6°. Our rainfall was 4.9 1 inches which is considerably higher than the 50- year average of 3.88 inches. This wet trend has carried through the first half of July. To date we have had no serious frosts that would affect the crop.
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Continued from Page 7 alternates from Sept. 1 to Aug. 1; 2) change the requirement from two nominees to one or more for each committee position to be filled; 3) provide for combined committee representation for grow- ers in District 3 and 4 who are not affiliated with the major coopera- tive; 4) provide authority for the committee, with approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, to levy a late-payment charge and an interest charge on assessments that are not paid within the time specified; 5) clarify the withholding provisions so that each handler and the ad- ministrative committee can more easily and accurately determine the withholding obUgation; 6) liberalize the provisions dealing with inter- handler transfers to permit handlers to transfer cranberries freely to another handler, and require each handler to submit reports of such transfers to the committee twice each year; and 7) eliminate the requirement for inspection of with- held (restricted from marketing) cranberries when such cranberries will be released to the handler ac- cording to the special provisions of the marketing order relating to withheld cranberries.
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jOLDEn anniversary celebrated at vashington cranberry experiment station
Dr. Glenn Terrell, president of Washington State University, expresse • liis appreciation to D. J. Crowley, who came to Long Beach in 1923 to establish a cranberry experiment station for the college. With them are Dr. Charles Doughty, who took over management of the station from Crowley in 1954, and Azmi Shawa, the present superintendent, who succeeded Doughty in 1965.
—Tribune photo
Fifty years of service to the cranberry industry of Western Wash- ington was recognized June 30 when the Coastal Washington Research & Extension Unit held its annual Cran- berry Field Day. More than 180 attended the Golden Anniversary celebration of the experiment sta- tion.
Special recognition was given to D. J. Crowley, who estabhshed the station in Long Beach in 1923, and to his successors, Dr. Charles Doughty, who served from 1954 to 1965 and Azmi Shawa, the present superintendent.
Crowley reminisced about liis problems getting the station started, with a two-year appropriation of only $9000 including his salary for the biennium. His first problems were to help the growers control fireworm and cranberry fruit worm.
Another significant achievement was the use of sprinkling to combat frost damage. He said it was hard to convince the growers that freezing
water gives off heat and therefore prevents the vines from freezing. Crowley also promoted the use of sprinklers to prevent heat damage.
During Dr. Doughty' s regime, control measures were developed to prevent twig blight. A new variety of cranberry, which was 15 years in developing, has been named the Crowley.
Dr. Glenn Terrell, president of Washington State University, ex- pressed the gratitude and apprecia- tion of the board of regents for the work and contribution of the three superintendents in making this western-most campus of the uni- versity a success.
Dr. James Nielson, director of Agricultural Research Centers, de- clared that those who have staffed the local experiment station deserve much of the credit for the fact that the 1000 acres of cranberry bogs in Washington and Oregon yield twice the national average in annual pro- duction.
He also pointed out that the Washington cranberry industry ex- emplifies the need for continuing research, and he also stressed the contribution and value of coopera- tion between the many organiza- tions, companies and individuals in making the research program suc- cessful.
Dr. Art Peterson, acting director of the Cooperative Extension Ser- vice, emphasized the relationship between research and extension programs. He also called attention to the fact that, through the years, there has been very little change in the price the growers receive for their berries. Increased yield through better production methods have made it possible for them to main- tain a good income from a small acreage.
Dr. D. F. AUmendinger, superin- tendent of the Western Washington Research & Extension Center in Puyallup, served as master of cere-
17
monies. The program also included- a film on the contribution of cranberries to America, and a report by Dr. Al Halvorson, soil testing specialist, on "Factors Enhancing Salinity in Cranberry Bogs."
A smoke-baked salmon lunch was served at noon by the 4-H Leaders' Council, with Bob Shire assisting in preparing the salmon.
Accompanying Dr. Terrell to the peninsula for the Golden Anniver- sary celebration were his wife and two children, and his mother from Tallahassee, Florida.
Other dignitaries present included Dennis Morrison, assistant to the president; Dr. W. B. Ackley, chair- man of the horticulture department at WSU; Louis Getzin, entomologist from Puyallup; Glenn Jones, super- visor of Cooperative Extension Ser- vice from Puyallup; and Jim Dunn, new Pacific County agent.
Growers were present from Canada and Oregon as well as the Washington producing areas.
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18
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 —Cranberry Pollination
266 -Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 —Control of Red-Gail in Cranberries
567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a -Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine < Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture
366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 —Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog
1 166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 —Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer
867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 —New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a —History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
$1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25
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19
TOLERANCE OF CRANBERRIES-Continued from Page 12
References
1. Bartels, P. U. & Hyde, A. (1970). Chloroplast development in 4-chloro- 5-(dimethylamino)-2-(aipha, alpha, alpha- trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3 (2H)-pyri- dazinone (Sandoz 6706)-treated wheat seedlings. PL PhysioL, Lan- caster, 45, 807-810.
2. FeUers, C. R. & Esselen, W. B. ( 1955). Cranberries and cranberry products. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull, 481, 1-58.
3. Francis, F. & Atwood, W. (1961). Effect of fertilizer treatments on pigment development in cranberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. ScL, 77, 351- 358.
4. HUton, J. L., Scharen, A. L., St John, J. B., Moreland, D. E. & Norris, K. R (1969). Modes of action of pyridazi- none herbicides. Weed. Sci, 17, 541- 549.
5. Morse, F. W. (1932). Chemical study of cranberries. Mass. Agr. Expt Sta. Bull, 280, 229-230.
6. Servadio, G. & Francis, F. (1963). Relation between color of cranberries and color and stability of sauce. Food Tech., 17, 124-128.
20
SAN-9789 (lb/A)
Fig. 2 - Influence of Various Rates of SAN-9789 on color (1), percent dry weight (3), size (4), pectin content (5) given as percent of the control (2).
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
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B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts
New Jersey
>A/isconsin
Oregon
XA/ashington
Canada
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CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
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O.S. H.A 1
Speculation and Musings on Possible Effect of
Weather during Bloom on Mass. Cranberry Crop 7
Massachusetts Farm Bureau 14
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In industry as well as +he home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
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The Occupational Safety and Health Act in Agriculture
Prepared by Walter E. Matson
Extension agricultural engineering specialist,
Oregon State University, CorvalUs
Every farmer who hires labor is now legally responsible for assuring that the employee has safe and healthful working conditions.
As of April 28, 1971, the Williams-Steiger Oc- cupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) sets forth the following agricultural employer respon- sibilities regarding workers' safety:
1. Compliance with federal agricultural safety standards concerned with (a) sanitation in tem- porary labor camps, (b) storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia, (c) slow-moving vehicles and use of the SMV emblem, and (d) pulpwood logging operations.
2. Keeping records on occupational accidents and illness on OSHA Form 100 if it involves (a) medical treatment beyond first aid, (b) loss of consciousness, (c) restriction of work or motion, or ( d ) transfer to another job. Further instructions and definitions are provided in an OSHA bulletin "Recordkeeping Requirements" sent to agricul- tmal employers in 1971. You should have the bul- letin "Safety and Health Standards for Agricul- ture," which contams the OSHA standards that apply to agriculture. These bulletins from the U. S. Department of Labor and OSHA forms for recordkeeping are available from E. Harrower, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Room 526, Pittock Block, 921 S. W. Washington St., Portiand, Oregon 97205.
3. Providing safety information to employees. Enclosed in a bulletin sent in 1971 to agricultural employers was a poster which must be displayed in sight at the place your employees normally report to work. This poster describes briefly to the employees and employers their safety respon- sibilities. Have each employee certify that he has read the poster and understands the information set forth on the poster. In addition, the poster stresses needs for compliance and sets forth pos- sible penalties for non-compliance to the Act re-
quirements. If an inspector finds a safety violation on your farm, he will issue a written citation de- scribing the violation and the proposed penalty, if any (not to exceed $1,000). A citation sets a specific time for correction and it must be posted where all employees will see it. If you fail to cor- rect the safety violation in the time provided, an additional fine or penalty not to exceed $1,000 can be issued for each day of non-compliance. In addition, any willful violation by the employer which results in the death of any employee is punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or imprison- ment up to six months or both.
4. Cooperating with U. S. Department of Labor and/or state-approved safety inspectors. The pur- pose of OSHA is to assure safe and healthful work- ing conditions for employees. All farmers who em- ploy one or more people part time or full time are covered. Generally it excludes federal, state, and local government employees, but these people are normally covered by other equally effective safety requirements such as the Oregon State Safety Law.
Some important steps that the farmer can take to reduce possible safety violations, either federal or state, are:
/ Properly display the slow-moving vehicle (SMV) emblem on aU machinery as per law.
/ Provide adequate shielding for all un- guarded PTO's, belts, pulleys, and chains that may be of imminent danger in causing accidents.
/ Properly display and inform the employees of the poster describing the responsibilities of em- ployer and employees in compliance to the Act.
/ Provide compliance to recordkeeping re- quirements.
/ Provide compliance to the Act's agricultural standards.
/ Establish work safety poHcies for all em- ployees.
CONTINUED ON PAGE TEN
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*♦♦♦<■♦■><■ ^^♦»♦^H^^^♦^^■I■^^^I^■^■^■^^I^
NEW JERSEY
July was typically hot and humid in New Jersey cranberry region. The normal maximum daily tem- perature averaged 87.1 degrees F. and there were nine days of 90 degree temperatures. This is about normal for this month.
Rainfall was again above normal at the New Lisbon weather station where it totalled 5.40 inches, or about an inch above normal. This is the tenth consecutive month of excessive rainrall at this station. However, in the important cranberry growing area around Chatsworth there was considerably less rain. Further south in the Hammonton region vegetable growers were using overhead irrigation by the end of July.
A good blueberry crop has been harvested already. With about ten more days of picking the shipments to market already exceed the 1972 total. Quality improved after first picking of early varieties in the heavy rainy period and demand remained good throughout the sea- son as farmers enjoyed a good price.
The cranberry crop appears to be spotty. Some areas have excellent prospects but others estimate less than average. The rainy weather stimulated too mlich vegetative growth on some bogs and in these situations the crop does not appear to have set well. The lush growth j also favored unusually heavy popu- I lations of cranberry tipworm which peaked during the height of blos- soming when insecticide sprays could not be applied. The effect of this infestation will be negligible in this year's crop but may signifi- cantly affect the fruit bud formation this year and next year's crop. Bogs which had the winter flood removed in March or April appear
to be much superior to those drawn on May 10th. They have not had the excessive vine growth, were considerably less susceptible to tip- worm attack and appear to have a better set of cranberries.
♦♦♦♦»♦ I-**** »H- -in- ■!■ <■♦♦♦»♦
NOVA SCOTIA
The mean temperature for July was 70 degrees which was consid- erably warmer than the 50-year av- erage of 66.2. Our rainfall for the month at Kentville was 3.53 inches, slightly above the 50-year average of 2.7 1 . Other parts of the Province had considerably more. Sunshine was below the 50-year average. The very wet, foggy weather continued through the first week of August and it was not until the 15 th that we had a decent sunny day.
OKEOON
Bog Practices Outlined
At a recent growers meeting, Azmi Shawa of the cranberry re- search station in Long Beach, Wash., mentioned several practices that growers should pay attention to during September. First of all, ferti- lizer applications to bogs should cease by September. Our Northwest climate will allow feeding of vines only through August. Nitrogen is the most important element applied during summer since the vines are able to utilize stores of other nu- trient elements applied earlier in the year.
Nitrogen becomes deficient in a Continued on Page 16 ■»♦ ♦♦♦!♦♦ M ♦♦♦♦ f ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
W Western Pickers i!
WISCONSIN
The dry weather pattern contin- ued for the first half of August with only spotty showers. Temperatures became increasingly warmer during the week of the 15 th until turning cooler on the weekend. Mostly sunny weather prevailed in the north during the week but cloudy conditions occurred in the south on the weekend.
Showers and thunderstorms on several occasions during the week of the 22nd brought beneficial rains to most of the State. The northern areas received the heaviest amounts while rainfall in the south was hghter. There were a few instances of hail with these showers when hail fell locally along the Mississippi from Prescott southeastward to La Crosse and beyond. Temperatures averaged near normal for the week.
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Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listM below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
TECHNICAL
864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries
265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides
365 -Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries
465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington
565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin
865 -New Cranberry Varieties for Processing
1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease
166 -Cranberry Pollination
266 -Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils
666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries
766 -Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields
866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled
167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device
167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety
367 —Cranberry Vine Injury
467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries
567 -Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects
1167 -Cranberry Pollination
1267 -Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon
168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease
368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a -Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report
468 -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection
469 -Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia
GENERAL
536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint)
964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 —Washington Experiment Station
965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965
1065 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966
966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966
1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1166 -New Jersey Research Center at Oswego
1266 —Whitesbog, New Jersey
567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900
767 -Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington
568 -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia
768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968
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CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Issue of August 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 4 FREEZE ENDS, PROBLEMS CONTINUE
The food industry heaved a sigh of reUef all the way down the Une from growers to retailers. Their pleas have been heard— the price freeze was Ufted from food, and not a moment too soon. Under the rules of Stage A of Phase IV, the food industry will be allowed to pass through, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, any increases in raw agricultural product costs which occurred or will occur after the freeze base period of June 1-8, 1973. The in- dustry will be required to pass through, on a dollar-for- dollar basis, any decreases in raw agricultural product costs occurring after the freeze base period. This means that if a retailer must pay five cents more for a bushel of tomatoes, he may increase his price by five cents on that bushel. But if the retailer's cost for a bushel of tomatoes decreases by five cents, he must also decrease his price by the same amount.
In explaining why the freeze had been Ufted for the food industry, the White House summed up the entire situation pretty well: "... it was causing business shut- downs and unemployment, resulting in supply shortages in some sectors ... In some cases, low market prices pre- vailing during the base period, and in other cases freeze prices based on last year's crop, caused fresh fruit and vegetable farmers to incur losses and to change their normal patterns of distribution of items such as toma- toes, potatoes, and celery."
Many groups worked hard to end the freeze. The United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association filed suit on July 5 against the Cost of Living Council calling for immediate relief and exemption. Clarence Adamy, presi- dent of National Association of Food Chains testified before the Food Advisory Committee to the CLC. Other petitions were filed by Florida' Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, Texas Citrus & Vegetable Growers & Ship- pers, and Produce Marketing Association. The result was the lifting of the price freeze.
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
p advisors - correspondents -|
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by PUgrim Publishers at R-55 Slimmer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. ftinds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
8 Field Notes
by IRVIIMG E. DEMORANVILLE
extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Bert Zuckerman left on July 15 for Israel and Turkey. He will return on August 23. Bert will lecture at various nematode instal- lations in Turkey and will be doing some electron microscope work with nematodes in Israel.
Weather
July was hot and humid ending up 1.0 degree a day above normal and with the humidity near 100% for nearly the entire month. Maxi- mum temperature was 94 degrees on the 8th and minimum tempera- ture 53 degrees on the 13th, Strangely enough the only days
showing warmer than average maxi- mum temperatures were the 7th to 9th and 30th with cooler than average maximum temperatures oc- curring on the 5th, 1 1th- 12th, 15th, 17th-18th, 21st and 26th. However, the nights never cooled off and the minimum temperature averaged 3 degrees warmer than normal for the month.
Rainfall totalled 5.44 inches which is more than 2H inches above normal. This was the third wettest July in our records, exceeded only by July 1928 (our record) and July 1956. We had measurable precipitation on 11 days with 1.62
inches on the 1st as the largest storm. Our total for 1973 to date is 1-1/3 inches above normal but nearly 10 inches less than the same period in 1972.
Harvest
Before the start of harvest is the time to do the maintenance and repairs on all of the harvesting equipment. Also, do your planning for labor, etc., now, then sit back and wait for size and color. Harvest season is hectic enough when every- thing is ready to go, but when the operation is hit or miss, then ulcers start to develop.
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SOME SPECULATION AND MUSINGS ON THE
POSSIBLE EFFECT OF WEATHER DURING BLOOM ON THE MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRY CROP
By JOHN S. NORTON
Quite by accident, it was recently liscovered that there has been a very close relationship between iveather from June 15 to July 20 and the size of the Massachusetts cranberry crop. To be sure, there liave been many years, like 1967 and 1972, when the poor weather during bloom has been blamed for poor crops. But it has not generally been felt that subtle differences be- tween seasons, such as two more rainy days in one season than in another, would cause a difference in yield between the two years of 100,000 barrels. Unbelievable as this may seem, an analysis of weather during bloom for the years of 1949 through 1972 revealed this fact. Figure 1 shows that for 10 years of the 24-year period, such a steep yield-weather relationship ex- isted, however, since 1969 the slope of the yield vs. weather curve has not been nearly as steep as the : curve representing most of the years from 1958 to 1969. It required a difference of the equivalent of five rainy days to cause a difference of 1100,000 barrels, since 1969.
The significance of this informa- tion is that it may be useful in more accurately forecasting the size of the Massachusetts crop by July 20 each year. In order for the curve to be useful it will be necessary to take into account major losses, due to frost, drought, flood, etc., that are readily detectable. It will also be necessary to compensate for the ef- fect of water-harvesting on yield un- til the acreage has stabilized and this effect can be incorporated into a new curve.
ANOTHER MILLION?
According to the Theories Set Forth in the Following Article, This Year's Cran- berry Crop Should Pass the Million Mark by 10 Thous- and Barrels.
The following discussion des- cribes the events that led to the discovery of the relationship of weather during bloom and yield of cranberries, and the development of factors defining that relationship.
Discovery of Yield-Weather Relationship:
In 1958 we established two sets of eight plots at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station. One set was on Howes variety cranberries and the other was on Early Black variety. These plots were set up to study cultural practices unrelated to the following discussion. Except for two years the studies that were con- ducted were of a nature that had no effect on variability in yields among the plots. The plots were harvested each year and records kept from 1958 through 1968. The plots were 4-feet wide and about 75-feet long. They were laid out parallel to each other in an east- west direction. Four plots of each set were harvested in the easterly direction and four in the westerly direction. It was noted, after several years that the westerly oriented plots out-produced the easterly oriented plots on a rather regular basis. By the end of the eleven year period the average superiority of west over east plots' was approxi- mately 8%. However, during the eight years when yield differences were not effected by tests on the
plots there were four years that the westerly oriented vines out-pro- duced the easterly oriented vines by substantial amounts. For the Early Blacks, this difference ranged from 10% to 16% and for the Howes it ranged from 16% to 19.4%. For the Early Blacks, there was one year when the easterly vines were supe- rior by 0.8%. For the Howes, there were three years when the easterly oriented vines were superior but two of these were less than 1% and the third was 4.3%. (Table 1).
It was the apparent trend of westerly oriented vines to out-pro- duce easterly oriented vines that led to an investigation of weather conditions during bloom for the period from 1959 through 1968. The thought was that poor weather during bloom might discourage honeybee activity, resulting in re- duced set of berries, but that the westerly oriented vines might dry more rapidly than the easterly ori- ented vines and that the bees would then work the drier vines, producing a better set in those areas.
This hypothesis was not borne out by the facts. Weather records for the periods of June 15 through July 20 were examined for the 1 1 years from 1958 through 1968. Conditions of temperature, clouds, fog and rain were noted at 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. Arbitrary pen- alty values were assigned for cloudy, foggy or rainy weather at each read- ing time. The value of -1 was as- signed for heavy overcast, fog or rain. Penalty-points were totaled for the 36 day period from June 15 through July 20. Obviously, the
7
poorer the weather during the per- iod, the higher the total number of penalty-points. Upon comparing the differences in yields, between east- erly and westerly oriented vines, with penalty-points for their respec- tive years it became apparent that the foregoing theory was "all wet." In fact, the evidence pointed to exactly the opposite effect. Table 1 also shows that three of the four years of small differences between east and west, in yield of Blacks, oc- curred during the three seasons of poorest weather and one small dif- ference occurred during excellent weather. Three large differences oc- curred in the three years of normal June-July weather and one in a year of excellent weather. For the Howes it may be said that no trend at all was indicated, because both large differences and small differences in east vs. west yields occurred in all three classifications of weather condition during bloom.
The weather rating for the eight years used in this comparison was not based on weather for those eight years only but on an analysis of weather data (for the periods of June 15 through July 20) over the 24 year period from 1949 through 1972.
One significant fact that came to light through the foregoing analysis was that two of the largest crops, from the eight year period, occurred during the two sunniest years. One large crop also occurred, for the Blacks, during a normal year. It was further noted that the best crops for the entire state, during the pe- riod of 1959-1968, occurred in years when the sunniest weather prevailed during the bloom season of June 15 through July 20. This observation suggested that weather during this period might have a dis- tinct effect on size of crop for the state. So, a graph was constructed on which the state crops for 1959- 1968 were plotted against numerical representations of weather condi- tions during bloom for those years. The relationship was surprising, so the period covered was extended back to 1949 and forward through 1972, making a total of 24 years.
8
Figure 1 presents the relationship between weather during bloom and Massachusetts crops during the 24 year period.
Classification of Weather:
Although classification of the weather according to the "0, -1,-2" code for sun, clouds and rain, pro- duced a surprising correlation be- tween Massachusetts crop and the weather during bloom, it was felt that more objective indicators than recorded, visual observations at a
recorded, visual observations at a weather station, or interpretation of temperature curves from a recording thermograph, might be available. There were continuous temperature records going back through 1958 on file at the Cranberry Experiment Station and records of three or four daily observations dating back prior to 1949 at the Middleboro Pumping Station. Also available were the daily records of percentage of total possible sunshine at Logan Airport in Boston. This information was utilized in place of the cloud-rain classifications for the curves in Fig- ure 1.
The first use of this information included only temperatures. Indi- vidual points deviated less from curves produced by temperature data derived by the formula des- cribed below than they did from the curves produced by using the cloud-fog-rain classification. Tem- perature penalty-points were arrived at by using the 9 A.M. and 3 P.M. temperatures for each day to es- tablish certain deviations from nor- mal temperature conditions. One temperature factor used, was the spread between the 9 A.M. and 3 P.M. temperatures. The spread was considered positive when the afternoon temperature was higher than the morning temperature and negative when the AM temperature was the higher. The second factor considered, was the deviation of the mean of the AM and PM tempera- tures for each day from the average of the daily means for the 24 year period from 1949 through 1972. Penalty-points for one day could range from 0 to 4.
The conditions required for the five values of penalty points were as follows: 0 penalty points (a) when the AM-PM spread for the day was positive (greater than the 24-year average): (b) when spread was negar tive, (less than the 24-year average), by no more than 1.9" F and the deviation of the mean temperature from the 24 year average of daily means was positive, or negative by not more than 3.9° F.
1 penalty point (a)deviation of AM - PM spread from 24 year average spread of -2° to -3.9°; (b) deviation of mean temperature, from average, of -4° or rriore with deviation of 0 to -1.9°.
2 penalty points (a) rain, fog or temperature below 60° F until noon; (b) deviation of spread of -4 to -5.9.
3 penalty points (a) conditions more severe than for 2 penalty points, but less severe than for 4 penalty points as described below.
4 penalty points (a) rain, fog, or temperature below 60° F all day; (b) AM-PM spread of less than 4. 1°F.
Since, under normal conditions, the temperature factors described above are a function of the amount of sunshine or the percentage of time the sky was overcast, it was felt that sunshine at Logan Airport, for which there are records, might be somewhat representative of con- ditions in the cranberry belt. These records were obtained and potential crops plotted against deficiency of sunshine. The percentage of possible sunshine was recorded for each day of the 36 day period under consid- eration. The average daily sunshine was calculated and subtracted from 100% to determine the deficiency value. The curves produced by this data were of essentially the same slope as those produced by the temperature data. And the cumula- tive deviation of points from the line totaled about the same for the two sets of curves.
In a further attempt to refine the graph and reduce the deviations of points from the curves the sun- shine data were coded on a daily
basis. The percentage of possible sunshine for each day was coded as zero to 4 penahy-points according to the following schedule:
0 Penalty-points - 100% - 7 1% P.S.*
70%-61%P.S.
60% - 49% P.S.
48% - 36% P.S.
35%- 0%P.S.
Table 1. Annual Averages of Yields of Easterly Oriented and Westerly Oriented Early Black and Howes Cranberries. Also Percent Differences in Yield of Westerly vs. Easterly Oriented Vines and Weather Penalty-Points for Years Represented.
Vear
'59 '60 -62 '63 '64 '66 '67 ■ 6R Av
yr.
Possible Sunshine
The values derived by this method were plotted £igainst potential crop. There was a slight improvement in correlation between potential crop and weather factors by this method. But the three methods of repre- senting the weather did not vary sufficiently to make any one of them stand out as being superior. So a final attempt at improving the linearity of the curves was made.
Since all three representations of weather were closely related and since the values (by coincidence) were of similar magnitude, it seemed reasonable to assume that a com- bination of the three methods might produce the correlation we sought. The combination was made by av- eraging the three values (% sunshine deficiency, sunshine penalty-points and temperature penalty-points). The combined values were plotted against potential crop for each year. Total deviation of points from the
Early Black, Easterly: 57 50 119 79 105 120 59 82 84
Early Black. Westerly: 59 55 136 91 108 119 61 95 go yield, bbl/A. ^"
% diff . in yield: 3.5 10.0 14.3 15.2 2.9 -.8 3 4 15 9 7 l West over East "
Average yield of East- 58 52 127 85 106 119 60 88 87 erly and Westerly Early Black
Howes, Easterly: yield 72 103 173 104 109 165 92 106 115 in bbl/A.
Howes, Westerly: yield 86 106 205 122 108 164 88 123 125 in bb 1 /A .
% diff. in yield: 19.4 3.0 18.5 17.3 -.9 -.6 -4 3 16 0 R 7 West over East ■^^•° ^"^
Average Yield of 77 104 189 113 108 164 90 114 120
Easterly and Westerly
Howes
Weather Penalty-Points 61 34 30 35 47 23 64 38
lower curve was reduced by 30% from the best representation by the individuat- sets of data. The com- bined deviation of the 12 points represented by the lower curve is 155,000 barrels. This is an average deviation of only 13,000 barrels. Only one point has a deviation in excess of 20,000 barrels. This is the
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
A.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
1971 plot which is off 39,000 bar- rels but also falls on the upper curve. It was the combination of temperature - penahy - points, defi^ cient - sunshine - penalty - points and percentage - deficient - sunshine that was finally selected for use in Figure 1.
Continued on Next Page
JOHN S. NORTON is Associate Professor, Cranberry Station, Col- lege of Food and Natural Re- sources, University of Massachu- setts, Amherst.
U-H-JW
O.S.H.A. - Continued from Page 1
/ Maintain ladders, stairways, elevators, power tools, and other equipment in safe working order.
/ Keep farm building areas clean of junk and debris to reduce possible accident and fire losses.
/ Install properly grounded oudets in the shop, garage, and other locations where un- grounded outlets may be hazardous in the opera- tion of portable tools and equipment.
/ Provide first aid kits in aieas of work as prescribed by the Oregon Safety Code.
Questions and answers on the Act
Will farms be inspected in 1972? Yes, tlie Act went into efi^ect in 1971. Inspectors may inspect buildings, machines, or work areas on any farm employing labor. The inspector could also ques- tion an employee or the employer.
Who is responsible for recordkeeping on a rented or leased farm? The tenant must keep rec- ords if he hires the employees. If the tenant is an employee of the landowners, then the landowner would keep the accident records.
If you exchange labor with your neighbor by sending your hired man to help Iiim, who keeps the records? If you turn over control of your em- ployee to your neighbor, he must keep the records. If you maintain the control and direct your em- ployees, then ijou must do the recordkeeping for these employees.
TWIG BLIGHT ACTIVE IN OREGON
Just because Lophodermium twig bhght kill is considerably reduced this year compared to 1972, it doesn't mean that we can forget about such a serious vine disease. August is a time when the twig blight fungus sporulates heavily. This sporulation can infect large areas of bogs because the spores of this fungus are carried by the wind. When these spores land on healthy vines it can lead to the killing of one year old wood on sections of a bog. However, this injury will not show up as browning of the upright and runner tips until early next spring.
Protection from the twig blight disease is possible by being sure to apply late season fungicides. A mid to late August fungicide application isrecommendedin the Oregon 1973 spray program for cranberries mailed
10
Who reports records of injuries or illnesses of persons doing custom work? When a custom operator agrees or contracts to do a specific job for a specific price, he is a contractor and must do the recordkeeping for his employees.
What if none of the agricultural standards cover my farm operations or if a standard for my operation is not as yet published? Am I still liable for a safety violation? Yes, the Act under Section 5 (a) specifies that the employer shall furnish to each of his employees safe and healthful working conditions which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
What is the situation in the state of Oregon in regard to administering the Act? The state of Oregon has effected an agreement with the U. S. Department of Labor whereby the Oregon Work- men's Compensation Board as well as several other agencies will continue to administer the state safety laws and codes and to align them with fed- eral standai^ds. It is anticipated that by the time Oregon's interim agreement with the U. S. Depart- ment of Labor is concluded the necessary state legislation will have been enacted and that future administrative control for occupational safety and health will be held by the state of Oregon.
For additional information on Oregon Safety Laws and Codes relative to agriculture, contact James Wiles, Administrator, Accident Prevention Division, Workmen's Compensation Board, 216 Labor and Industries Building, Salem, Oregon 97310.
Cranberry Growers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 295-9165
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
00000000000000000000°°*
Isaiah Haines
WEATHER SERVICE HONORS ISAIAH HAINES
Isaiah Haines of Whitesbog, for- mer Pemberton township board of education president, was honored recently at the annual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association at Sweetwater, N. J.
Haines received a special services award from the National Weather Service in recognition of his 50 years of service as a cooperative weather observer.
Robert B. Wassail, meteorologist in charge of the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Philadel- phia, presented the award and com- mended Haines for "significant pub- lic service" rendered as a cranberry bog weather observer since 1923.
"We will extend our appreciation to Mr. Haines for his unselfish devo- tion and the outstanding example of teamwork he has demonstrated," said Wassail. "His observations have added to our knowledge of the climate of the United States and are in constant use in many ways.
"The New Jersey cranberry in- dustry has, of course, been one of the most important beneficiaries of Mr. Haines' work during the past half century," he added.
Haines also received a medallion commemorating the 100th anniver- sary of weather services in the United States (1870-1970). That award was presented by James Carr, National Weather Service advisory agricuhural meteorologist from Rut- gers, New Brunswick.
CRANBERRY HIKE FORECAST
The 1973 New Jersey cranberry crop is expected to be 10 percent above last year's, according to Sec- retary of Agriculture Phillip Alampi.
The New Jersey Crop Reporting Service's first forecast for the sea- son anticipates that the crop will total 215,000 barrels, compared with 196,000 barrels in 1972. Each barrel holds 1 00 pounds.
Ray S. Crickenberger, statistician in charge of the Crop Reporting Service, notes that weather condi- tions have been favorable for cran- berry development this year. Both bog reservoir levels and ground moisture have been adequate.
Nationwide, the cranberry crop is forecast at 2,165,000 barrels, four percent more than the 1972 output of 2,078,000 barrels.
Production in all three of the most important cranberry states, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and New Jersey, is expected to be up this year. The other two states where cranberries are grown, Washington and Oregon, anticipate decreases.
AREA CRANBERRY GROWERS TO VOTE ON MARKETING ORDER AMENDMENT
Cranberry growers in 10 states will vote, Sept. 17-26, on a pro- posed amendment to the federal marketing order regulating the hand- ling of fresh cranberries.
The states included are: Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti- cut, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Michi- gan, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington and Long Island, N. Y.
According to the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, the amendment will take effect only if approved by at least two-thirds of the producers, by number or volume of production, voting in the referendum, and by the processors of more than 50 per- cent of the frozen or canned cran- berries.
USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service said the proposed amend- ment is based on evidence received at a public hearing held by USDA in Wareham, Mass., on Feb. 14 and continued in Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.
Continued on Page 16
CRANBERRY
PLANTERS
Plant your cranberries without competition within the Common Market! Come and join us! We offer a favorable maritime climate on the coast of the North Sea, north of Hamburg. There is high humidity of the atmosphere, cool summers, and marshy lands— just like in Massachusetts!
Please contact for further information:
H. Hornung, Lawyer, D-2223 Meldorf, P. O. Box
1129, Western Germany.
AUGUST 1948
The Cranberry-Blueberry Exper- iment Station at Long Beach held its annual Field Day on Friday, July 30. There were over two hun- dred growers present, including sev- eral from as far away as Bandon, Oregon There were about 80 grow- ers present from the Grayland District.
Your editor, Clarence J. Hall, was honored by being a guest of New York State Governor Thomas E. Dewey, Republican nominee for the United States presidency, at Pawling, New York, July 24, along with about 75 other editors of farm publications from all over the country. Also attending from the cranberry industry was "Bob" Kom- feld, editor of the "Cranberry World, " New York City.
One of the first Massachusetts growers to have come to the con- clusion that if you do not have any surface water available for frost or
winter flowage, the thing to do is to do something about it, is Fran- cis K. Kendrick of East Harwich. In doing something to remedy the situation, he has driven 12 wells on his bogside. With this he can now get a degree of winter coverage and frost protection. His eventual goal is a sprinkler system, supplied by this water source.
The cranberry industry suf- fered a great loss in the death of Joseph White Darlington, Sunday, August 14th. He was killed while flying his own plane near Whites- bog, New Jersey. No details of the fatality are known as this ussue goes to press, except that memorial services will be held at the home of Dr. Emlen P. Darlington, New Lis- bon, N. J., Thursday, Aug. 20, at 2 P.M.
The Southwestern Oregon Cran- berry Club began its preliminary
advertising campaign for the fall Cranberry Festival on July 4 at Bandon, A big booth was built at the city park by officers of the Cranberry Club and its members. Ray Bates, president of the Coos Co-op, assisted Jim Olson, president of the Cranberry Club, in working out the details of a Cranberry Pie and Cranberry Ice Cream booth.
Mr. and Mrs. H M. Kranick have purchased the Urann bog south of Bandon They are giving the bog excellent care and it is beginning to be a beautiful property. The Kranicks expect to get some crop from this property this year. Next year they plan to install sprinkler irrigation and frost protection
Charles A. Walmann of Delafleld, Wis., has been appointed sales mart- ager of the newly-organized Cran- berry Growers, Incorporated,
(a
%atipnbr0Dk liooIilanbB
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut
logs.
Independent foresters, New England Forestry
Foundation, available for selective marking and
advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
VfiUard A. Rhodes President
Tel: 947-6979 8:30 A.M. - 5:00 P.M.
m
FOR SALE
4+ ACRE CRANBERRY BOG WITH 4 ACRES UPLAND
lOOf BBL/ACRE ALLOTMENTS
SOUTH MID3LEBORO CALL 617-947-0397
12
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton. Mass, 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office — On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24
Forecast for '73
The weather records for June 15 through July 20, 1973 produced a penalty-point value of 56. This is the average of: 60 (temperature fac- tors), 44 (% sunshine deficiency) and 64 (daily sunshine penalty- points). Use of this value on Figure 1, along with modifying considera- tions, produced a figure of 1,010,
000 barrels for the 1973 (Norton) forecast.
Details of the development of the forecast are as follows: A verti- cal line was drawn from the value 56, on the base line of Figure 1 up to the upper curve. From this point, a horizontal line was drawn to the left hand margin of the figure. This line intersected the margin at the value of 760,000 barrel "Potential Crop." This would have been my forecast if the entire crop were to be harvested dry and if the spring frost season had been slightly more severe. Since water-harvesting seems to increase production substantially,
1 have, more or less arbitrarily, added 40% of my guess of the vol- ume that will be water-harvested to the potential crop. My guess for water-harvest is 400,000 barrels; 40% of that is 160,000 barrels. In addition to this adjustment to the graph, I believe that the very mild spring frost season should have re- sulted in far less inconspicuous frost injury than surely occurs during most springs. Since only very con- spicuous frost injury is incorporated in the curves of Figure 1, some compensation must be made for the favorable season. The spring of 1960 was somewhat similar to 1973 and the crop deviated from the lower curve, by 100,000 barrels. There- fore, I have included an upward ad- justment of 100,000. Finally, it is estimated that 10,000 barrels have been lost to flooding this summer, so this amount is deducted from the modified "Potential Crop" to produce my estimate.
To recap, the reading from Fig- ure 1 is 760,000 barrels, added to that is 160,000 barrels due to the effect of water-harvest, plus 100,000 barrels not lost to Ught frosts. This
'^ 5°°ro ?d 3B 75 to- 60
PENALTY-POINTS FOR INCLEMENT WEATHER Figure 1 . Relationship between weather during bloom period of June 15 through July 20 and the "Potential" cranberry crop for Massachusetts during a 24-year period.
combination produces a modified potential crop of 1 ,020,000 barrels, from which is subtracted 10,000 barrels for flood loss. The final re- sult is 1,010,000 barrels forecast for 1973.
Concluded next discussion of Figure 1 eluded.
A detailed will be in-
Va?
^
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
13
Blue Cross reminder for employ- ers - a new law in Massachusetts makes it necessary for you to notify an employee whose employment has been terminated of the expira- tion date of his group insurance coverage. If you let an employee go, you must notify him within ten business days of the exact date on which his group coverage will ex- pire. The termination date of your employee's Blue Cross and Blue Shield coverage can be determined from the Group Premium report. Any questions? Phone Miss Cather- ine Shea at the Farm Bureau office in Waltham (617) 893-2600.
Congratulations to new Farm Bureau Association president Wal- ter F. Lewis of Chehnsford. He is one of that special breed of people who devote themselves to helping others. Elected to replace Lewis as Secretary of FBA was Howard Borg- gard of Worcester. Don Carter of
Barre was named to Executive Com- mittee.
The Farmland Assessment Act has been placed on the "must" list for this year in the state legislature by Governor Francis Sargent. His aides have told Farm Bureau they will exert every effort to get a bill out of the legislature this session. To this end, Farm Bureau executive secretary Phil Good and Yankee Milk's Chris Sykes met with the chairman of the Committee on Tax- ation to clarify several points raised by the committee.
Farm Bureau speaks out on the boycott issue. MFBF president Dave Mann released a statement to the press, saying "Boycotts solve noth- ing. They deny justice to the work- ers and to the growers. Responsible parties must direct their attention to a legal solution, rather than to an action which sets people against one another."
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CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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Ken Beaton — |
295-2207 |
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The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
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• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
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TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
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• COMPLETE BOG |
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MANAGEMENT |
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The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
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pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
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a farm tractor or any other |
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
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Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
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24". 150 to 24,000 gaUons |
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per minute. |
Farm Bureau's position is that the boycott itself is an act of social injustice, because its aim is to force a union upon the workers with no provision for the workers to ex- press their own intent. If the boy- cott succeeds, all workers will be thrust into the UFW, as they were three years ago. It seems logical that one who cries out for social justice for the worker ought to oppose this kind of maneuver.
On the national legislative front: The new Farm Bill has been passed, with a system of target prices. Presi- dent expected to sign the bill. Two bills on farm labor relations are be- fore the House, and Farm Bureau supports H.R. 401 1, which provides for secret ballot elections, prohibi- tions of secondary boycotts, and separate administration of farm labor relations statute by an inde- pendent agricuhural labor relations board. Both Senate and House are looking into northeast railroads bankrupt situation, and a bill in the Senate would authorize mortgage insurance on purchases of rolling stock by railroads. Farm Bureau supports this bill, hopes it will lead to a complete restructure of north- east railroads. Hearings on H.R. 8600, a bill to extend unemploy- ment insur^nc§ to agriculture, are expected to start this fall or early 1974.
National minimum wage bill has been passed by the Senate. It will extend coverage to additional em- ployees and increase the minimum wage to $2.20 by July 1974. Under this bill farm workers would be raised to $1.60 this year, $1.80 in 1974, $2.00 in 1975 and $2.20 in 1976; Employment of minors in ag- riculture would be prohibited for those under 14, except those 12 or 13 years of age could work with parent's consent.
14
BAKED COD WITH CRANBERRY ONION SAUCE (Serves 6)
6 small cod steaks or 2 packages (16 ounces each) frozen cod steaks
Salt
1/4 cup melted butter or margarine
2 tablespoons lemon juice
1/4 teaspoon onion powder
1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
1 onion, chopped
2 tablespoons butter or margarine 1 can (16 ounces) Ocean Spray
whole berry cranberry sauce
Plaee steaks side by side in a foil- lined shallow pan. Sprinkle both sides with salt. Mix butter, lemon juice, onion and garlic powder. Brush mixture over both sides of steaks. Bake in a preheated mod- erate oven (350T.) for 30 to 35 minutes or until fish becomes white and flakes easily. Saute onion in butter until golden. Add cranberry sauce and simmer until bubbly. Sim- mer 5 minutes and then spoon over cod steaks. Garnish platter with parsley and lemon wedges.
CRANBERRY COQUILLE
11/2 pounds fresh or frozen scal- lops or 2 packages (16 ounces each) frozen halibut, haddock, cod, flounder, sole
White wine
1/3 cup butter or margarine
1 onion, chopped
6 mushrooms, chopped
1/4 cup finely chopped celery
1 can (10 1/2 ounces) condensed cream of chicken soup
1/2 cup ma^ed Ocean Spray jellied cranberry sauce
3/4 cup cornflake crumbs
1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
Cover scallops with white wine. If using frozen fish, cut frozen fish into 1-inch cubes and then cover with white wine. Bring to a boil, lower heat and simmer 5 minutes. Drain and reserve 1/3 cup of the white wine. Divide fish equally be- tween 6 large scallop shells or 6 in- dividual casseroles. Heat butter and saute onion, mushrooms and celery until golden. Remove vegetables from butter using a slotted spoon. Reserve pan drippings. Mix vege- tables with soup and jellied sauce. Stir reserved wine into sauce. Spoon sauce over fish. Mix crumbs, cheese and reserved pan drippings. Sprinkle crumbs over fish mixture. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (350T.) for 35 to 40 minutes or until bub- bly. Serve hot. (Serves 6)
HAPPY PARTNERS - CRANBERRIES AND SEAFOOD
OREGON
Continued from Page 3
bog after berry set and must be sup- plied during July and August for adequate berry growth and a good bud set. Early September, however, is the time to quit the use of fer- tilizers so as to allow the vines time to become dormant before winter temperatures could harm next year's buds.
Another point stressed by Mr. Shawa was that bog irrigation should not be neglected during September. It is true that cooler temperatures and slightly increased average rain- fall make irrigation less vital at this time. On the other hand, September can be a dry month and it is just as important now that bogs not be made to suffer from lack of mois- ture as it is in the middle of sum- mer.
A third practice mentioned at the growers meeting was that weeds growing on the bog should not be allowed to go to seed. No herbicides can be used at this time but clipping weeds will remove seed that can be a source of weed infestation for next year. Consequently, growers were advised to cut the seed heads off as many weeds as possible and get them completely off the bogs.
MARKETING ORDER
Continued from Page 3
on Feb. 22 and in Long Beach, Wash., on Feb. 27.
AMS officials said the amend- ment, if adopted, would (1) change the start of the 2-year term of office for committee members and alter- nates from Sept. 1 to Aug. 1 ; (2) change the requirement from two nominees to one or more for each committee position to be filled; (3) provide for combined committee representation for growers in Dis- trict 3 and 4 who are not affihated with the major cooperative; (4) pro- vide authority for the committee, with approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, to levy a late-payment charge and an interest charge on assessments that are not paid within the time specified; (5) clarify the withholding provisions so that each handler and the administrative com- mittee can more easily and accu- rately determine the withholding obligation; (6) liberalize the provi- sions dealing with interhandler trans- fers to permit handlers to transfer cranberries freely to another hand- ler, and require each handler to sub- mit reports of such transfers to the committee twice each year; and (7) eliminate the requirement for in- spection of withheld (restricted from marketing) cranberries when such berries will be released to the handler according to the special provisions of the marketing order relating to withheld berries.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba. Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich.
16
608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222
KM INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
TWIG BLIGHT
Continued from Page 10
to growers earlier in the year. It is important that this treatment is not overlooked and that the vines are protected well into September. New Varieties Look Good
Stevens and Crowley variety cran- berries look to be loaded with good crops once again this year. In fact, some bogs of these varieties have about the heaviest crop of berries I have seen anywhere. Both varieties have proven to be very consistent producers here in Oregon. More- over, berry quality, size and color ofStevens and Crowley seem to stay consistently good year after year.
According to the "Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties" by R. M. Brooks and H. P. Olmo, the Stevens cranberry originated from plant breeding work carried on at Behsville, Maryland by H. J. Bain. The parents of the Stevens variety are listed as McFarlin and Potter. The variety was selected in 1938-40 and introduced to commercial pro- duction by the U.S. Department of Agricuhure in 1950. It is named after Neil J. Stevens, noted USDA plant pathologist who did consider- able early work on cranberry dis- eases.
The Crowley variety was devel- oped by Wash^gton State Univer- sity and was known only as WSU 72 until last year. Vines from the orig- inal trial plot in Washington were brought to Bandon in 1957 and 1958 for test purposes here.
TESTER COMPANY
Will pay highest
prices for
Cranberry bogs Tel.
617-695-9612
% serving llie WISCONSIN gmeps %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE
GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES
Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager
LAKESIDE AVENUE
LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346
Tel. 947-6324 - 4372
Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service
Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings
WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING
When You ^
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Area 715 384-3121 |
Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 |
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
r
-i^.'
Massachuset:t:s
Nev\/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashingt:on
Canada
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY IVIAGA2
. > li<- DEC -7 r:^':
1973 C.C.C.G.A. OFFICERS
mm
1973 CCCGA Meeting 2
Speculation and Musings on Possible
Effect of Weather (concluded) 7
American CG Meeting 13 *
LIBRARY - SERIALS SECTI UNIV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01003
-^ BIBECTBBY lop cpanlierpy groiiveps -^
9
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
BIG dividends!
~9
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Electricity - key to progress
In Industry as well as fhe home, elecfricify has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be In the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Dejioiit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
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Irrigation Systems PUINPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
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Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed
CRANBERRY FORECAST
The Nation's total cranberry crop is forecast at 2,165,000 bar- rels, 4 percent more than the 1972 output of 2,078,000 barrels, but down 4 percent from the 2,265,000 barrels produced in 1971. Produc- tion utilized from last year's crop was 1,976,000 barrels and 1,640,000 barrels were utilized in 1971. The difference between total production and production utilized are cran- berries put in set aside under the cranberry marketing order in 1971 and other quantities not utilized.
Massachusetts total production for 1973 is forecast at 870,000 barrels, which would be up 6 per- cent from last year but 19 percent below the 1971 total. There was no spring frost damage but wet weather reduced sets ahd caused some flood damage in low lying areas.
In New Jersey, the expected production is 215,000, up 10 per- cent from the 1972 crop but 9 per- cent below the 1971 crop. Weather conditions have been favorable. Bog reservoir levels and ground moisture have been adequate for good berry development.
LONDONERS ENJOY AMERICAN BLUEBERRIES
"Consumer and trade demand for soft fruits in Britain has out- stripped supply and the American blueberry seems to be just what consumers, retailers and food processors are looking for," com- mented Mrs. Cristina Irvin at the end of a two-week visit to London, England, to acquaint the food trade and food writers with this popular American fruit. Mrs. Irvin is food information specialist with the New Jersey Department of Agriculture. Her trip was sponsored by the North American Blueberry Council and the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
One of the highlights of Mrs. Irvin's two weeks in London was a press conference at the American Embassy where about 35 food journalists were introduced to the blueberry in its fresh form and in various dessert dishes. Representa- tives of almost all the major food magazines in Great Britain attended and each went home with two pints of fresh blueberries. Response was excellent and several features in leading trade magazines are antici- pated.
Mrs. Irvin also delivered pints of fresh blueberries to retailers, proces- sors, department stores, importers and supermarkets in an effort to establish an export market for this important American product. Among her contacts were a yogurt maker and a pie baker. The trade expressed a definite interest but stressed that a continuing supply must be guaranteed throughout the season each year. One problem pointed out was that the American blueberry season coincides with the season for the English strawberry, which is very popular.
While in London, Mrs. Irvin also made three radio appearances on behalf of the blueberry industry.
The fresh blueberries used by Mrs. Irvin had been shipped by air from North Carolina. They arrived in excellent condition and lasted for an entire week. During her second week of demonstrations, frozen blueberries were used. It is hoped to extend the shipping season for fresh blueberries to London for 100 days. The New Jersey crop will follow from the last of June into August, with supplies from Michigan completing the fresh season.
The Washington crop is forecast ai 143,000 barrels, down from 154,000 last year and below the 145,000 barrels produced in 1971. Sets are normal and winter damage is less than expected earlier. Some areas are short of water.
Total production in Wisconsin forecast at 837,000 barrels, 4 per- cent more than last year and 13 percent above 1971. Growing condi- tions have been favorable and ber- ries have sized well. No frost damage has occurred and water supplies are adequate.
In Oregon, a total of 100,000 barrels are expected, a 4,000 barrel decrease from the 104,000 last year but 31,000 barrels more than the 1971 crop. Berry sets are good and fruit is sizing well. Water supplies are short but are expected to be adequate for irrigation needs.
|
Production |
of cranberries |
|||||
|
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
||||
|
state |
Total : |
Utilize |
d : Total |
Utilized 1 |
Total |
|
|
1,000 barrels |
||||||
|
Massachusetts |
1,072 |
737 |
819 |
819 |
870 |
|
|
New Jersey- |
237 |
178 |
196 |
196 |
215 |
|
|
Wisconsin |
7it2 |
552 |
805 |
709 |
837 |
|
|
Washington |
lh5 |
lOU |
15H |
1U8 |
11*3 |
|
|
Oregon |
69 |
69 |
101+ |
lOi* |
100 |
|
|
5 States |
2,265 |
l,6!+0 |
2,078 |
1,976 |
2,165 |
|
FOR SALE : |
|
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Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
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Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
1973 C.C.C.G.A. ANNUAL GROWERS' MEETING
The 86th Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers As- sociation was preceded by a ham and turkey buffet at the Massachu- setts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham on Tuesday, August 21.
Over 200 growers and interested guests Ustened to guest speaker, Greg Finn of the Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation, whose sub- ject title was "How Are We Going to Keep 'em Down on the Farm."
The annual election of officers produced the following results: Wil- lard Rhodes, president; Ken Beaton, 1st vice president; Dave Mann, 2nd vice president and Irving E. De- moranville, secretary-treasurer.
Highlights of the meeting in- cluded crop estimates, equipment displays and special presentation to Chester E. Cross, station director, which follows in detail.
DR. CROSS HONORED
Dr. Chester E. Cross, Professor of Botany, was honored at the annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association by the Massachusetts Society for Pro- moting Agriculture in connection with his work as head of the research program of the Mass. Experimental Station in East Wareham.
The gold medal and $ 1,000 prize awarded to Dr. Cross was presented by Mass. Commissioner of Agri- culture, Nathan Chandler. With the award was a citation which com- mended Dr. Cross for "demon- strating skill and integrity in articulating the concern of agri- culture; skill and integrity in preaching environmental reason in an age when environmental hysteria was the more popular topic; ad- ministering with integrity and dedication an outstanding research
2
Nathan Chandler presenting award to Dr. Cross, with Mrs. Cross looking on.
facility for the benefit of the cranberry industry and the general public; and accompUshing all of the above with dignity and humor, and has earned the respect and admira- tion of all." In addition, Dr. Cross received a congratulatory letter from the President of the University of Massachusetts.
The cranberry experimental sta- tion is involved in improving the cultivation of cranberries and de- fining water quality problems related in agriculture. It maintains a pesticide research facility built in 1968, and has a staff of 21 including nine professionals.
Dr. Cross, who started work at the station in 1937 and eventually became full Professor of Botany and Head of Department in 1957 has spoken widely before groups explaining his work and that of the station. He graduated from the University of Mass. in 1953 and holds a Ph.D. in Biology from Harvard.
In addition to his activities in Wareham he is serving his ninth year on the Sandwich Planning Board of which he is chairman, he is director and vic.e-president of the Sandwich Cooperative Bank, and director of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Assoc.
Left column:
Growers congregate for noon meal
Principal speaker Greg Finn
Right column:
Irving DeMoranville and Robert St. Jacques
Stan Norton with picking machine
New growers Sherb & Lyon Carter
|
m \ |
iilH NEWS
NEW JERSEY
Extremely hot humid and dry weather prevailed through much of the month of August in the cran- berry growing region of New Jersey. While the nearby Philadelphia Weather Bureau reported a record warm summer and the hottest August in its history the data for August at the Weather Station at the Cranberry and Blueberry Lab- oratory in New Lisbon showed un- usually hot periods but not of record status.
Temperatures were in the ninety- degree range for seven successive days from the 6th through the 12th and for six more days in a row from the 26th through the 30th. The total of 13 ninety degree days for the month was surpassed by the 16 recorded in 1943 and 14 in 1944. The average temperature for the month was 74.6 degrees F which is only 1 .3 degrees F warmer than normal and not close to the record 77.0 degrees F in 1955. Actually warmer Augusts have oc- curred in ten of the 44 years of weather recording history at New Lisbon. The reason for this is the unusually cool spell which occurred during the middle of this August. From the 16th to the 25th tem- peratures ranged from 73 to 83 in the daytime and from the cool 45 to 66 at night.
A long wet period was ended in August and for the first time in ten months the rainfall did not exceed normal. Only 1 .08 inches of rain occurred, which is 3.78 inches less than the average for the month. The total for 1973 now stands at 33.10 inches or 3.23 inches above normal for the eight-month period.
Continuation of the severe hot weather into the first six days of September gave a twelve-day period of 90 degree weather which took
4
some toll of the New Jersey cran- berry crop. Some severe scalding of berries has been noted on some bogs where unshielded temperatures in the sun went well above 100 degrees on at least ten days in succession. This sun burning of berries has been observed on well sprayed bogs as well as on un- treated bogs and this damage may be extensive enough to significantly reduce the cranberry crop in the state.
OREGON
Oregon Crop to be Smaller
Oregon's cranberry production is expected to be 100,000 barrels, according to the Oregon Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. This will be 4,000 barrels less than last year, but 3 1 ,000 barrels more than the 1971 crop. Berry sets are good and fruit is sizing well. Water sup- pHes are short, but are expected to be adequate for irrigation needs. Cutworms and fireworms have been a problem, but are now under con- trol.
Bog Nematodes Found
Over the past year, work has been carried on to determine the amount of damage being caused by nematodes to S.W. Oregon cran- berry bogs. This project is about to be completed and a report on the problem from Dr. Parviz Jatala, nematologist at Oregon State Uni- versity, will be sent to growers as soon as it is available.
Nematodes are a little known pest of many cultivated and non- cultivated plants. These microscopic thread worms are also called eel- worms and spend most of their lives in close contact with host plants. Plants infested with high popula- tions of parasitic nematodes will often appear stunted and/or weak-
ened, yet wUl not show visible in- jury to the stem or above ground parts. Roots, however, can show many galls or knots. For example, in cranberries these tiny galls are produced by at least one of the nematodes commonly found in our bogs.
Three different kinds of nema- todes have definitely been identified in S.W. Oregon bog soils. One is the sheath nematode which has been found in large numbers on two bogs and in reduced numbers at several other locations. This nematode was first identified in Oregon as causing poorly developed root systems on gladiolus near Grants Pass. As often as not, bog samples containing the sheath nematode will also contain a second nematode that is somewhat similar. A third nematode that has shown up in samples is called the stubby root nematode. This is a native type and has not been found in high number on the bogs but still
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CRAI^^BERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
pu Wisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 Ail correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
Issue of September 1973 / Volume 38 - No.
THERE'S A NEW LAW IN MASSACHUSETTS
It concerns every farmer in the state. This new law makes it a crime for a person who possesses any vehicle, machine, or device with an internal combustion engine (or other source of mechanical power) to enter private land. The land doesn't have to be posted either. It gives some clout to efforts by property owners to control trespassers and poachers.
This law, known as Chapter 573 of the Acts of 1973, went into effect on October 3L We suggest you bring it to the attention of your local p<;jlice, noting that trespassing is subject to a fme of not more than $100. We can hardly expect law enforcement people to patrol private land areas, so it will be up to land owners to report violations and make charges when necessary.
ON THE COVER
Pictured are new officers of C.C.C.G.A. (Mass.)
L. to R. : Willard Rhodes, president; Kenneth Beaton, 1st vice president; David Mann, 2nd vice president; Irving DeMoranville, secretary- treasurer.
r advisors - correspondents -,
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Cranberry
Station
I Hem Notes
by IRVIIMG E. OEMORAIMVILLE
extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Bert Zuckerman returned from his trip to Israel and Turkey on August 23rd. Bert had some interesting experiences and even managed to lose a few pounds also.
Annual Meeting
The 86th Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association was held at the Cran- berry Station on August 21. The crowd was estimated at about 225. Guest Speaker was Greg Finn from the Massachusetts Farm Bureau. His subject was "How Are We Going to
Keep 'em Down on the Farm?" Officers of the Association elected for the coming year were: Willard Rhodes, President; Ken Beaton, 1st Vice President; Dave Mann, 2nd Vice President and the author, Secretary-Treasurer.
Crop Estimate
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service indicates Massa- chusetts with a prospective crop of 870,000 barrels, 6 percent more than last year. Size is good, quality may be a Uttle on the weak side and the extremely hot, humid weather
in late August and early September has caused some berries to cook. However, there was no damage from frost last spring and this estimate may be on the low side. There is still an outside chance of coming up with our second largest crop.
For the other areas. New Jersey is estimated at 215,000 barrels up 10 percent from last year; Wis- consin 837,000 barrels, up 4 per- cent; Washington 143,000 barrels, down 7 percent and Oregon 100,000 barrels, down 4 percent from last year's record crop. The national Continued on Page 10
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SOME SPECULATION AND MUSINGS ON THE
POSSIBLE EFFECT OF WEATHER DURING BLOOM ON THE MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRY CROP
PARTI I
By JOHN S. NORTON
Discussion of Yield-Weather Curves:
Figure 1 shows two scattered lines of points and one group or cluster of points. The upper line, with a slope of about 25° from the horizontal, represents one set of points. This line represents weather aftd Massachusetts crops for the years 1964, '65, '69, '70, '71 and '72. On the basis of yield, none of these points are over 30,000 barrels away from the line. This is less than 4% deviation from the locus of the curve. The second set of points lies along the lower curve. By breaking this curve at 43 penalty -points and running it ahnost parallel to the upper curve to pick up the 1959 and 1967 points, 11 crops fall within 20,000 barrels of it. The third set of points is the encircled group that lies below and to the left of the lower curve. The impUca- tion of these three separate group- ings is that factors other than weather during bloom have had a consistent effect on Massachusetts cranberry crops.
Some of these factors are frost, drought, insects, weeds, flooding and changing cultural practices. A few of the prominent factors have been taken into account in deter- mining the value to plot for crop each year. Consequently, the vertical scale on Figure 1 is titled "Potential Crop." This figure represents the crop actually delivered to the hand- lers plus the estimated losses due to one or more of the factors listed above, as determined and recorded by various Cranberry Experiment Station personnel for the years shown. These losses range from zero in 1967 to 205,000 barrels
in 1952 (Table 2). Because there is no reliable basis on which to alter the estimates of losses in past years, these are the only adjustments that have been made to the values of actual deliveries to the handlers. Obviously something has happened since 1959 to lift all but four of the crops since that year above the record crop of 1953. If all the losses attributable to the foregoing factors could have been determined accurately, it is possible that the potential crops for all the 24 years under consideration would have been in the vicinity of one-million barrels. Since the only losses Usted have been frost, drought, flood and hail it is apparent that the true potential crops could not have been determined. After all, insect damage could easily have been as high as 150,000 barrels in past years.
It would seem that the line representing the crops for 1964, '69, '70, '71 and '72 more nearly represents the true potential for Massachusetts than does the lower curve. Two developments since 1959 have probably been largely responsible for the upward shift in both actual and potential crops. These are: 1) the high percentage of acreage placed under sprinkler irrigation since 1960 and 2) the greatly improved weed control that is now being practiced. Installation
JOHN S. NORTON is Associate Professor, Cranberry Station, Col- lege of Food and Natural Re- sources, University of Massachu- setts, Amherst.
and use of sprinkler irrigation systems for frost protection, drought and insect control, has no doubt reduced widespread and therefore substantial losses to these three factors, that were not formerly recorded as losses, because they did not show up in catastrophic proportions or because they were just taken for granted and were ignored in the estimates of losses. Since these formerly unreported losses have been reduced by im- proved cultural practices they now show up as delivered berries, thereby raising the figure for recent po- tential crops anywhere from 70,000 to 210,000 barrels above the 1953 figure.
There are possible explanations for several of the marked deviations of some crops from the lines by which they should be represented. Consider first 1960 and 1964, the two most recent years that appear to be too high. Two factors may well have affected the 1960 crop, causing it to be higher than would have been projected by the graph. The first and probably the major factor was the very mild spring frost season (there were only four conditional frost warnings released and no damaging temperatures were reported. Such a mild frost season would greatly reduce the undetected or unreported frost losses. The second factor that may have ac- counted for part of the 1960 bumper crop (to that date) was the carry- over effect of Amino-Triozol. A rather substantial acreage had been treated in 1959, the last year of its use and competition from weeds was temporarily reduced below that
7
Table 2. Massachusetts Crops in Thousands of Barrels for the Years 1949 Through 1972, Estimated Losses Due to Adverse Weathe^ Potential Crops and Penalty-points for Inclement Weather During Bloom Period of June 15 Through July 20.
Year '49 '50 '51 '52 '53 '54 '55 '5b '57 '58 '59 '60 "61 '62 '63 '64 '65 '66 '67 '63 '69 '70 '71 '72
Actual
Crop 520 610 560 445 690 590 546 452 563 598 540 805 472 778 637 660 735 768 573 660 755 959 1072 820
Estimated
Loss 25 25 30 205 50 12 16 75 90 26 50 16 200 25 80 130 200 100 0 25 50 15 10 100
Potential
Crop 545 635 590 650 740 602 562 527 653 624 590 821 672 805 717 790 935 868 573 655 805 974 1082 920
Penalty-
Points
34 42 45 28 32 35 23 37 21 47 61 34 37 30 35 47 30 23 64 38 53
19 55
Potential Crops for 1969-72 shown here are not the values plotted on Figure 1. These values were adjusted for effect of water-harvesting on yield. Therefore the values shown here were reduced by: 25 in '69, 144 in '70, 132 in '71 and 110 in '72.
of previous years. The use of herbi- cides declined sharply after the 1959 Amino emergency. However, by 1964 the area treated had risen to about 1500 acres. This would undoubtedly have been the most seriously infested areas. Conse- quently, it would seem that the most substantial gains from weed control measures would be realized in these early years of herbicide use. The estimate of loss to spring frost in 1964 was 40,000 barrels. There were four nights between May 15 and June 5 on which 25 degree temperatures were re- ported, so any error in estimating
the frost loss would probably re- sult in too low a value. This means that the larger than projected crop would have to be attributed to something other than error in esti- mating spring frost injury. The suggestion here is that the primary cause of the 1964 crop being so far above the lower line on the graph was improved weed control.
By 1967, repeated use of Casoron had caused some vine injury, re- sulting in reduced yields that tended to offset the benefits of weed control. This, coupled with the fact that no frost losses were reported in spite of observed temperatures
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of 22°, 24°, and 23° on May 16, 30 and 31 respectively, might partially explain the very poor 1967 crop. The same conditions prevailed in 1968 except that by tiien the acreage treated for weeds had de- clined to 2,500 from a high of 4,500 acres in 1966.
In 1969 the benefits of chemical weed control, without the accom- panying vine injury, were restored by the introduction of Morcran and acreage treated leaped to 7,200. So, for the years 1969, '70, '71 and '72 the potential crops have estab- lished the upper line on Figure 1.
The group of points representing the crops for 1949 and the mid 50's may be far from the positions they would have occupied if the actual losses to weather, outside the bloom period, were known. That was a period of severely adverse conditions for cranberries. 1949 was reported as a year of very poor keepmg quality with severe shrinkage. 1952 and 1957 were severe drought years and in 1955 the hurricane caused losses that may have far exceeded the 1 5,000 barrels that were reported. It is believed by observers of the time that the estimate of 75,000 barrels lost to frost in 1956 was not the only major loss, winterkill may have caused an additional 50,000 barrel loss that was not reported. No suggestion has been made as to why the 1954 value falls off the line.
8
Going back to speculation as to why the curve for 1969-1972 lies so much nearer the horizontal than the curve for former years, two possibihties come to mind. First, improved weed control has reduced the acreage ahnost completely, taken over by weeds during rainy seasons. And, if wet grass and weeds deter honeybee activity, the reduction of weed infestations would result in better pollination. Second, in recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of commercially supplied bees. With heavier concentration of bees, shorter periods of good weather are required for satisfactory pollination. So, although there may have been only a few good days for pollination after full bloom, near maximum pollination may be achieved.
Conclusions:
The two curves on Figure 1 show that weather during bloom has a significant effect on the size of the Massachusetts cranberry crop. Al- though the lower curve will no longer be useful in forecasting crop size, it lends credence to the propo- sition that the upper curve, with less points to verify its accuracy, may be useful for that purpose. As years go by and additional points are plotted, the effects of the new cultural practices should stabilize and the upper line should become more accurate in representing the crop potential for specific weather conditions during bloom. Care must be taken to adjust for any regula- tions that drastically alter cultural practices, such as severe restrictions on use of pesticides or water, that will allow increased losses to pests and weather, making it difficult to estimate losses accurately.
Use of Figure 1 :
Figure 1 presents a method of estimating the Massachusetts cran- berry crop. Ahhough the vertical axis is labelled "Potential Crop," it does not represent the true potential crop. Losses to insects, weeds.
'10
T^ 3t» 40 50
PENALTY-POINTS FOR INCLEMENT WEATHER Figure 1 . Relationship between weather during bloom period of June 15 through July 20 and the "Potential" cranberry crop for Massachusetts during a 24-year period.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^*^*^^^*^^^%^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
disease, harvest losses and some losses to adverse weather condi- tions were not considered in de- termining the potential crops for the years shown. As stated earlier, only those losses for which estimates were made at the time, were added to the actual volume harvested, in determining potential crop. There-
fore, until experience has established new, more accurate estimates of losses, the figures for losses used in estimating the potential crop must be consistent with those used in establishing the curves in Figure 1.
The curves in Figure 1 are based
Continued on Page 16
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Continued from Page 6 crop is estimated at 2,165,000 banels, up 4 percent from 1972.
Weather
August was hot and extremely humid averaging 2.5 degrees a day above normal. In fact, all three summer months (June, July and August) were above normal and this was the second warmest sum- mer in our records, exceeded only by the summer of 1952. This was the warmest August since 1955 and fourth warmest in our records. ■Maximum temperature was 94 de- grees on the 30th and minimum 52 degrees on the 21st. Warmer than average periods occurred on the 4th-6th, 10th- 12th and 28th- 31st. Cooler than average days were the 15th- 16th and 20th-22nd.
Rainfall totalled 4. 1 1 inches, less than Va inch below normal; however, 2.80 inches fell on the 15th which didn't leave much for the other 30 days. There was measurable pre- cipitation on only 8 days. We are slightly more than 1 inch above normal for the year to date and 1 1 inches less than 1972 for the same period.
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Place
AM.
WCOD Hyannis
WEEI Boston 590 k.
WBZ Boston 1030 k.
WPLM Plymouth 1390 k.
WOCB W.Yarmouth 1240 k,
WBSM New Bedford 1420 k
The following suggestions on fall management are offered for con- sideration: 1) it is an excellent practice, where water is available, to flood dry harvested bogs rni- mediately after picking. This gives the vines a good drink of water, which helps revive them after the rough harvesting operation and al- lows broken vines and other harm- ful trash to be collected and disposed of. 2) Thin or weak areas of vines on the bog which are easily seen during the picking operations should receive an application of fertilizer. This will strengthen the vines with- out promoting weed growth. The old bucket technique of walking the bogs and spreading the fertilizer by hand on areas that need it, is still a good practice. 3) Casoron, or any of our other approved herbi- cides, should be used to clean up weedy areas. Allow the bog a week
F.M. Afternoon Evening
106.1 mg. 2:00 9:00
103.3 mg. 2:00 9:00
92.9 mg. 2:30 9:00
99.1 mg. 2:30 9:30
94.3 mg. 3:00 9:30
97.3 mg. 3:30 9:00
or ten days to recover from picking before applying any herbicide. Casoron should not be used until temperatures are cool; it is broken down and passes off into the air very quickly when temperatures are 60 degrees or above and smaller amounts are lost at temperatures as low as 40 degrees. 4) Girdler, which is becoming a very common pest, can be controlled by flooding for a 6-day period in late September, applying a coat of sand sometime before the start of the next growing season, or by the use of diazinon during the growing season. Root grub can be controlled by using dieldrin. For more specific recom- mendation on using these insecti- cides, consult your cranberry control chart. 5) Plan on treating areas infected with Fairy Ring using the ferbam recommendation on the insect control charts.
Frost Warning Service
The frost warning service, spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association is in operation this fall. The telephone answering service continues to be extremely popular and very helpful. Weather information relating to frost is re- corded daily and any interested grower may telephone 295-2696 in the afternoon and evening for the latest reports. If you have not con- tributed to this service, it is still not too late to do so. Any contribu- tion will be gratefully accepted. Send your money to Mr. Irving Demoranville, Cranberry Experi- ment Station, East Wareham, Mass. 02538. There are 202 subscribers to the frost warning service and more than half this number or 137 contributing to the answering ser- vice.
The following radio schedule also I supplements the answering and relay j services.
10
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862-2550
Ji
Our most sincere if belated con- gratulations to Russell Makepeace of Wareham, so widely known throughout the industry, upon his election to the Board of Directors of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. If "Rus" puts as much energy into his work on the board when required (and we are sure he will) as he does into his cranberry activities, the New Haven will have gained a most val- uable man.
J. Richard Beattie, Massachusetts Cranberry Specialist, broadcast over radio, stations, WHDH on Aug- ust 23 and over WBZ August 28. His subject, of course, was cran- berries.
It is pleasing to note that Mrs. Miriam Parrish of Long Beach, Washington, took a trip through Alaska and talked cranberries to about everybody she came in con- tact with.
Prospects at the end of August, according to "Del" Hammond, gen- eral manager of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company, were that 175,000 barrels might be high. This would depend upon the weather for the next four weeks- whether there was any rain or if frost occurred.
A t the annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, East Wareham, Tuesday, August 17, the 1948 cranberry crop forecast was given by C. D. Stevens, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Boston, as 874,000 barrels for the country, the second largest crop on record, exceeded only slightly by that "bumper" of 1937.
E. Sumner Fish, a cranberry grower of Bandon, Oregon, advises that the cranberry harvester which he invented last year, and which was used by him with great sue-
la
la
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52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
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Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut
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m
cess in the picking of his bog is being patented by him. This picker is especially adapted for water har- vesting and is easily operated by one person, and materially reduces cranberry harvesting costs. Mr Fish' is now in the process of building several of these machines for grow- ers who placed their orders with him. These machines are to be completed in time for this year's cranberry harvesting. Mr. Fish pro- poses to go into quantity produc- tion of these machines as they have prove so very successful
The summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation was held on Thursday, August 26, at the sorting house of the Double Trouble Cranberry Com pany, Toms River, N. J. In spite of the record heat, there was an attendance of 121 to hear the talks and discussions. President Daniel "Mac" Crabbe first introduced his father, who welcomed the growers to the Double Trouble Company.
Mr. and Mrs. J. Rogers Brick and daughter Jeanne of Med ford. New Jersey, attended the Grayland tour with the Western growers. Mr Brick gave a very interesting talk at the conclusion of the luncheon preceding the tour This luncheon was served by the ladies of the Grayland Cranberry Association.
Latest government agricultural reports for Oregon show that Ore- gon has increased its cranberry production from 3800 barrels in 1937 to an estimated 15,000 for 1948. Jim Olson, President of the Southwest Oregon Cranbeery Club predicts that the 1948 estimates will be doubled in the next three years.
The Growers' Cranberry Com- pany had a pictorial booth at the Ocean County Fair, Lakewood, New Jersey, September 11. The time was from 10 a. m. to 10 p.m.
12
The 1 04th Annual Summer Meet- ing of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held on August 30th. A morning session of talks and business was followed by lunch at the Sweetwater Casino at Sweetwater, In the afternoon a tour was made of the Rutgers University research bogs at Oswego, where experimental plots were observed and where a demonstration of the new Hume mechanical water har- vester was given by Mr. Byron Novak.
At the morning session Mr. Isaiah Haines was honored by the Weather
i Bureau for his fifty years of service as a U. S. Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer. Mr. Robert Wassail, Meteorologist in Charge, Philadel- phia National Weather Service and Mr. James Carr, Advisory Agricul- tural Meteorologist, National Wea- ther Service presented pins, a scroll
[ and a bronze plaque. Mr. Haines' work was instrumental in the estab- lishment of the Bliss formula which
I has been successfully used to pre- dict cranberry bog minimums. His data and observations .over a period of more than fifty years were also instrumental in formulating a new formula for predicting cranberry bog minimum temperatures with observations at noon. Phil Marucci reported on this new formula which is helpful to the small grower who must know about probable frosts before the BUss formula readings are taken one-half hour after sunset. In the past four years this new formula has performed as well as the Bhss formula.
Walter Fort, Fieldman for the Cranberry Marketing Order, spoke on the present status and the future outlook of the Cranberry Marketing Order. Ed Lipman spoke on legisla- tive matters and how they are affecting the grower.
One of the most serious concerns of cranberry growers in New Jersey is the recent proposal to include the Mullica River and all of its tributaries within the natural system of wild and scenic rivers. This would include the upper reaches of the Wading River where thousands
ANNUAL SUMMER MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CRANBERRY GROWERS ASSOCIATION _
of acres of the most productive cranberry bogs in New Jersey are located. It is feared that the pro- posal would virtually eliminate cran- berry growing in this region.
Mr. Garfield De Marco, the A.C.G.A. representative in environ- mental problems, was instrumental in having meetings of growers, con- servationists, farm bureau officials and legislators to discuss this matter and as a result all factions endorsed a resolution-AJR 2008 which sup- ports the MulUca River inclusion in the wild and scenic river system but specifically excludes the cran-
berry area. This was introduced into the state legislature by Mrs. Josephine Margetts with strong sup- port from Senator Barry Parker. This compromise was passed by both House and Senate and awaits Governor Cahill's signature. Op- position by the Environmental Pro- tection Department endangers it.
A motion was made by Ed Lipman, seconded by Walt Fort, and passed unanimously, to strongly urge Governor Cahill to sign AJR 2008 to ensure the continuation of cranberry growing in New Jersey.
CRANBERRY
PLANTERS
Plant your cranberries without competition within the Common Market! Come and join us! We offer a favorable maritime climate on the coast of the North Sea, north of Hamburg. There is high humidity of the atmosphere, cool summers, and marshy lands— just like in Massachusetts!
Please contact for further information:
H. Hornung, Lawyer, D-2223 Meldorf, P. O. Box
1129, Western Germany.
Cranberry crop forecast for 1973 is somewhat encouraging. Mr. Byron Peterson of USDA Crop Reporting Service told the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers that he estimates a total crop of 870-thousand barrels for Massachusetts this year, which is up six percent over 1972. The national crop forecast is up four percent over last year, as ihe fruit came through the winter in pretty good shape. Even though the set is lower than last year, the increase in berry size will more than compensate, predicts Peterson.
Farmland Assessment Act IS mov- ing in the state legislature. The sub committee appointed by the Com- mittee on Taxation includes Sen. Fred Schlosstein, chairman; Sen. WilUam Saltonstall; Rep. Joseph Manning; Rep. Peter Flynn; Rep. Anthony Grasso; and Rep. Charles MacKenzie. This sub-committee is now working out specifics on the
bill for presentation to the full Com- mittee.
Dr. Chester E. Cross is honored by the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture. The noted entomologist at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station received a special citation from Commissioner Nathan Chandler at the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association meeting. His untiring efforts, particularly in the field of environmental sanity, were recognized. The award was a com- plete surprise to Dr. Cross, and he was literally speechless!
What should Farm Bureau do in 1974? With the upcoming county Farm Bureau annual meetings. Farm Bureau members have the opportun- ity to put forth their ideas as to what the policies of the Farm Bureau should be, what policy changes should be made. By deter- mination of the voting delegates.
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE. INC. Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571
Ken Beaton - 295-2207
The Crisafulli Pump
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14
resolutions passed by the state Farm Bureau have a three year life or unless they have been fulfilled. Among some of the matters of con- cern that should provoke thoughts on the part of Farm Bureau mem- bers include:
OSHA work regulations— EPA be- coming involved in environmental aspects of work or safety that are being covered by OSHA-Farmland exemption under the wetlands act- Taxation of marginal land- Vandal- ism, theft including cattle rustling, crops, etc.— Public Uability of pest- icide users— Gun control— Review of our current information program- Farm labor supplies, both year round and seasonal— Regulation of transportation of help on farm trucks— Safety standards for farm equipment-Private ownership of land— Public access to private lands -Farm Bureau's role in assisting members with local problems-Es- tablishing of a recognition program to recognize non-farmers who assist in telling the farmers' story-Re- cycling of food waste-Problems relative to the handling of solid waste from farms— Group marketing of insurance-Plight of the Eastern railroad-The role of the County Agent in Massachusetts . . .
MFBF annual meeting is set for Monday and Tuesday, November 12 and 13, at the Hearthstone Mo- tor Inn on Route 44 in Seekonk, Mass. Save these dates for your state Farm Bureau meeting, and be sure to make plans NOW to sttend the annual banquet on Monday evening, November 12. American Farm Bu- reau President William Khufuss will be the guest of honor. Don't miss it.
We note with sadness the passing of former MFBF president Steams Lothrop Davenport of North Graf- ton. In his memory, his friends are invited to send contributions to Perkins Institute for the Blind in Watertown.
FRESH CRANBERRIES
TO ADD SPICE TO YOUR LIFE
When the zest of fall is in the air, fresh cranberries come back on market— and that's a zesty thought in itself!
The brilliant Uttle berry is so versatile that it stands ready to add its tangy flavor to menus 'round the clock. And, in fact, it does that very thing here, with three fabulous recipes for breakfast, luncheon, dinner, and cocktail hour, too.
CRANBERRY OMELET
(serves 2)
4 eggs
Va cup milk or half-and-half
Vi teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons sugar
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh or
frozen cranberries ^2 cup sugar Juice and rind of 1 orange
2 tablespoons brandy
3 tablespoons butter or margarine
In a bowl beat eggs with mUk, salt and 2 tablespoons sugar, until well blended. In a saucepan, mix cranberries, 1/2 cup sugar, orange juice and rind. Bring to a boil, lower heat and simmer for 5 minutes or until cranberries are tender. Keep hot. Stir in brandy. When ready to serve, heat butter in a 10 inch skillet or omelet pan. Pour in egg mixture. Cook without stirring over low heat lifting the edges of the omelet occasionally to allow un- cooked portion to run underneath. Move pan in back and forth motion from you. When top of omelet is moist but firm, spoon half of the hot cranberries over one half of the omelet. With a spatula fold omelet in pan and then slide out onto a platter. Spoon over remaining sauce and serve at once.
OATMEAL WITH SPICY CRANBERRIES
(serves 4)
i4 cup honey
1 cup Ocean Spray fresh or frozen cranberries
Va cup sugar
Va cup seedless raisins
Va cup chopped nuts
Dash cinnamon and nutmeg
4 cups hot cooked oatmeal Milk or half-and-half
In a saucepan, mix honey, cran- berries, sugar, raisins, nuts and spices. Cook over low heat stirring constantly to prevent sticking. Cook until cranberries are tender about
5 to 6 minutes. Spoon oatmeal into bowls and top with cranberry mixture. Serve with milk or half- and-half, as desired.
CRANBERRY CHILI CASSEROLE (serves 6)
1*72 pounds ground chuck 2 large onions, chopped 2 cloves garlic, chopped
1^2 cups Ocean Spray fresh or
frozen cranberries 1 can (15% ounces) kidney beans,
drained
1 can (16 ounces) tomato sauce Salt and pepper 1 tablespoon chili powder 6 cups cooked rice (drain rice but do not rinse)
1 teaspoon salt
2 eggs, well beaten
4 slices American cheese, cut into 3/4-inch-wide strips
In a large skillet brown chuck until brown and crumbly. Drain off excess fat. Add onions and garUc and cranberries. Saute another 5 minutes. Stir in kidney beans, to- mato sauce, salt and pepper to taste and chih powder. Cool. In a bowl, mix rice, 1 teaspoon salt and eggs. Use rice mixture to line the bottom and sides of a greased 3- quart casserole. Spoon in meat mixture. Bake in a preheated mod- erate oven (350° F.) for 40 to 45 minutes or until hot and bubbly. Place strips of cheese over the top of the casserole in a lattice pattern. Heat in oven for 2 to 3 minutes, or until cheese melts slightly.
OREGON
Continued from Page 4
is considered capable of potentially damaging vine root systems. What the total potential for bog damage from nematodes is, however, will have to wait for the soon to be is- sued report by Dr. Jatala.
WISCONSIN
^♦IIHU<HM*lllit AIM*
The weather was cool during the first week of August and precipita- tion was sparse. Temperatures av- eraged 3 degrees below normal.
Beneficial rains fell in all sections during the week of the 5 th. Tem- peratures and sunshine again were optimal for crop development where ample soil moisture was present. According to a Vilas County re- porter, "Cranberries are coming along very nicely and sizing up well— crop should be very good this year." Soil moisture was reported as 48 percent short, 50 percent ad- equate, and 2 percent surplus. More rain is needed in southern and eastern counties.
The week of the 12th featured good growing weather which began on the cool side. There were several periods of showers and thunder- showers which produced locally moderate to heavy rains in the north and west central portions of the state and lighter amounts else- where.
Temperatures averaged near nor- mal across the state during the week of the 19th. Rainfall was heavy in many west central counties as -sub- stantial rain fell with very little run-off during the middle of the week. This very beneficial rain was shared by much of the southern half of Wisconsin.
The season has been a little earlier than usual and growing con- ditions have been very good. Tem- peratures in August have been gen- erally favorable for sizing of berries. Growers reported good size on their berries but the set varied consid- erably by regions. The northeast region had a very good set but in the northwest and central regions the set ranged from poor to good. There was some winter damage in the central region and some hail damage in the northwest, but no frost damage has occurred. The water supply has been adequate nearly everywhere. At this time, production is estimated at 837,000 barrels, 4 percent above the previous record production of 805,000 bar- rels in 1972.
NOVA SCOTIA
The mean temperature for the month of August was 67.1° which is considerably warmer than the 50-year average of 64.8°. Rainfall for the month was 3.03 inches,
mmi^ mmm <^Sww5sk^«^^.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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shghtly lower than the 50-year av- erage of 3.56 inches.
Growers held a late summer meeting on Sept. 11 at Aylesford to discuss marketing of the 1973 crop. At that time predictions were that production for 1973 would be considerably increased over the 1972 crop. Color development of fruit was about normal for this time of year.
JOHN S. NORTON
Continued from Page 9
on dry-harvest data. Therefore, ad- justment must be made for the effect of water harvest on yield in making future estimates of the crop actually harvested. The cor- rection for water-harvest effect is rather large. The factor used in converting water-harvested volume to dry-harvest equivalent was 60%. In other words, if the water- harvested areas had been dry- harvested instead, the net yield would have been only 60% of what it actually was. This difference is the combined effect of low harvest losses and improved vine vitality (after the first year) resulting from water harvesting.
To make an estimate of the expected crop after July 20, it will be necessary to calculate the number of penalty points for weather between June 15 and July 20 (both dates included), based on the formulas given in the section on "Classification of Weather." Locate this value on the horizontal scale, move vertically to the upper curve. From the vertical intersection with the curve move horizontally to the left-hand scale and read the "Potential Crop." Subtract from "Potential Crop" the estimate of major losses to frost, drought, winterkill and flood (obviously losses occurring after July 20 cannot be included). The result should be the crop, if it were dry harvested. So, to this figure must be added 40% of the expected volume of water-harvest berries. The result of this final addition should be the net crop harvested.
16
% semng llie WISCONSIIil growers %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1973
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
AU prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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«^*^
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
• e
/ Massachusetts
New Jersey
W/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashingtan
Canada
CRANBERRIES
ARY
1071,
rTjff^fftf^TIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
JAN 15 1974 ^0^, ^^-^^
OCTOBER 1973
An Analysis of the DDT Controversy . . 7 Boycotts and Migrant Workers . . . .10 Woman's Page 15
LIBRARY - SERIALS SECTIO UMIV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01003
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In industry as well as the home, elecfricify has been a vi+al key \o progress. 1+ Is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
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PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
AN INVESTOR-OWNED, TAXPAYING UTILITY COMPANY
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
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CRANBERRY TAKE SMALLER IN SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON
Southwest Washington's cran- berry harvest was down in volume this fall, according to Long Beach Peninsula Ocean Spray Plant Man- ager, Wilson Blair.
The Peninsula plant receives the berries from 32 independent growers on the Long Beach Peninsula in addition to crops from two Clatsop County, Oregon, farmers.
Blair said the deliveries, which ended November 2, tallied up 34,590 barrels which is 9,500 barrels short of last year's figure.
Blair noted that it was a good crop but that the berries were small due to some cold nights in August. Premature cold weather stunts the growth of cranberries.
Last year's crop was also down due to small berries.
MANY GROWERS VOTE TO AMEND MARKETING ORDER
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (US DA) announced that cranberry growers have
approved amendment of their marketing order to become effective Nov. 1 .
USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) said more than 98 percent of the growers voting-accounting for 98 percent of the volume of production voted in the referendum— approved the amendment. Growers voting either individually or as members of their cooperative associations cast 898 votes in favor of the amendment, while 13 opposed it. Nearly 92 percent of the total cranberry production during the designated representative period (Sept. 1, 1972 to July 31, 1973) was represented in the referendum, held Sept. 17-26.
AMS officials said the amendment will change the start of the 2-year term of office for committee members and altemates from Sept. 1 to Aug. 1 , change the requirement from two nominees to one or more for each committee position to be filled, provide for combined committee representation for growers in Districts 3 and 4 who are not
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affiliated with the major cooperative; and provide authority for the committee, with approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, to levy a late-payment charge and an interest charge on assessments that are not paid within the time specified.
Other changes will clarify the withholding provisions so that each handler and the administrative committee can more easily and accurately determine the withholding obUgation; Uberalize the provisions dealing with interhandler transfers to permit handlers to transfer cranberries freely to another handler, and require each handler to submit reports of such transfers to the committee only twice each year; and eliminate the requirement for inspection of withheld (restricted from marketing) cranberries when such cranberries will be released to the handler according to the special provisions of the marketing order relating to withheld cranberries.
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ t ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦
: Western Pickers ll
Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent
- ORDER NOW -
J. E. BRALEY & SON t
MACHINE SHOP
78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
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FOR SALE
250 ACRES CRANBERRY PROPERTY
70 ACRES IN BOGS ALL WATER HARVESTED
BUILDINGS & MACHINERY
Earl Hill
Egg Harbor, RD 2 Lower Bank, N. J. 08215 Tel. 609-965-3363
( ^■^■^^^■^^i
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=r loiter ^
With Casoronf the cold weather weed killer.
How it works.
CASORON works best if it's applied after one killing frost has occurred. Cranberries should be allowed to settle and recover after harvesting operations— and then it's time to go to work on next year's weeds, rushes and sedges.
Applied to the soil, CASORON remains ready until the conditions that cause weeds to grow— warmer temperatures and soil moisture — activate it. Then, CASORON releases a "Gas Blanket" at a controlled rate, killing weeds two ways: by inhibiting the growth of annual weeds as the seeds germinate, and by absorption through the roots and shoots of perennial weeds, preventing further growth.
One CASORON application a year — between November and April — effectively controls weeds like: Bracken Fern, Royal Fern, Sensitive Fern, Hair Cap Moss, Rushes, Common Horsetail, Dodder, and Water Horsetail— a total of 40 annual and perennial weeds, rushes and sedges common to cranberry bogs.
Easy application
CASORON is available as a granular formulation, G-4 (4% granules), in two mesh sizes — 8/16 and 16/30. CASORON granules can be applied with any cranberry granular equipment, and CASORON is also registered for helicopter application on cranberry bogs.
Caution: Read the label carefully, and use only as directed. 3-2i 17
^,
i^^Al^
THOMPSON-HAYWARD CHEMICAL COMPANY P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110
Thecdd w^ed killen
Mass.
Cranherm
Station
a Field Notes
by IRVING E. OEMORAIMVILLE extension crsnberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Bert Zuckerman attended the Second Annual Congress of Plant Pathology in Minneapolis, Minnesota from September 4 to 7. Bert presented a paper on nematode aging and was Chairman of a dis- cussion on nematode physiology.
Drs. Zuckerman and Marian Kisiel of the Cranberry Station and Stanley Himmelhoch of the Weiz- mann Institute in Israel are the authors of three papers that have been published recently. Two are in Nematologica, Volume 19, 1973. The titles are "Fine Structure Changes in the Cuticle of Adult Caenorhabditis briggsae With Age" and "Virus-like Particles in Doli- chodrus heterocephalus." The third paper is published in the Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 58, 1973. Its title is "Unusual Mitochondrial Cristae in the Vinegar Eelworm." All of these papers deal with nema- todes and their physiology.
Market Report
The first cranberry market report for fresh fruit was released on September 24 from the U.S.D.A. Agricultural Marketing Service under the direction of John O'Neil in Boston. This will be the 20th season that these weekly reports have been prepared for growers and shippers. The reports include current informa- tion on the movement of fresh cranberries by rail and truck, price and terminal market conditions in the leading cities in the United States. Those who wish to continue receiving this report should return the necessary form to Mr. O'Neil. Anyone interested in the report may receive it by writing to the United States Department of Agri-
culture, Agricultural Marketing Ser- vice, 34 Market St., Room 10, Everett, Mass. 02149, requesting that his name be added to the cranberry mailing Ust.
Harvest
General harvest began about September 16 with some growers starting four or five days earlier and at least two growers beginning two weeks ahead of this. Even with a warmer than normal spring and summer, we did not have sufficient color to start general harvest early. The reason, two extremely hot, dry weeks at the end of August and early September which stopped all growth and color development and caused more cooked berries than I can ever remember. There are also a fair amount of rotten berries around also. The weather has been favorable since mid-September, how-
ever, and the harvest is on schedule with nearly all of the Early Blacks picked by October 1st. There have been two general frost warnings in September and no damage reported. The crop does appear to be falling off to some extent but may come in at about 900,000 barrels.
Weather
September was slightly cooler than usual, averaging 0.6 degrees a day below normal. Maximum temperature was 88 degrees on the 4th and minimum 38 degrees on both the 22nd and 26th. The first week was abnormally hot and humid and the balance of the month cool but not extremely cold. Warmer than average days occurred on the lst-4th and 6th. Cool periods were the 9th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st- 22nd, 24th-25th and 30th. Continued on Page 26
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NOVA SCOTIA
Since the last report on August 9 we have had excellent harvesting weather. During September we had only .95 inches of rain and the sunshine was 192.9 hours. Lowbush blueberry growers had excellent weather in late August to harvest their crop which amounted to 10,075,200 pounds. We have had several frosty nights, the coldest being September 25 th with a reading of 32 degrees.
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NEW JERSEY
The record hot spell of late August continued into the first five days of September but there- after autumn weather set in early as temperatures dropped into the forties on the upland and into the thirties on cranberry bogs. The temperature for the month averaged out to 67.1 degrees which is just about normal (67.2). Extremes in temperature in the weather shelter on the upland were 95 on the first and second and 41 on the 13th, 19th and 20th; cranberry bog read- ings ranged from 102 to 29.
The month was very dry with only 1.52 inches of rain occurring in the first twenty-eight days. On the last two days 1.26 inches of rain fell, bringing the total to 2.78 inches, still less (1.01) than normal. The accumulated total for the first nine months of the year is 35.88 inches, 2.22 inches above normal. Water supplies for the cranberry harvest are adequate.
Harvesting operations began in New Jersey on September 12th but most of the smaller growers were waiting until the first of October. The cool nights had promoted good coloration of berries and they were
redder than they had been at cor- responding times in the past few years. The record heat wave of August and September had caused some scalding of berries and growth of berries during this period was almost completely stopped. As of October 4th the larger growers re- ported slightly smaller production than last year when they had record crops. Smaller growers who did- not fare so well last year are reporting very appreciable increases.
OREGON
Shortcourse Schedule Revealed
A series of short courses for cranberry growers that will make this year's growers' school is in the process of being arranged. The series is scheduled to kick off in mid-December with an evening ses- sion devoted to the topic of the use of stickers with fungicide sprays. Speaker for this session will be Mark Hanson of the Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Company. His com- Continued on Page 6
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CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONA L CRANBERR Y MA GA ZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Issue of October 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 6
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
BUILDING FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
On December 11 and 12 at the Museum of Science, Boston, Mass., the "Governor's Task Force on Energy Conservation" will conduct a conference on Energy Conservation. Open to the public, registration time is 8:15 to 9:00 A.M. with sessions immediately following. A few notes follow describing subjects to be covered at the conference.
To contend with this nation's energy shortage, a variety of measures or possible solutions-both short and long term-are being proposed by the government, the private sector, and institutions engaged in research.' Energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings is among the principal uses in the U.S., accounting for approximately one-third, and is therefore one of the principal targets. Energy conservation in existing buildings and the wide range of options for new buildings, according to the National Bureau of Standards, could significantly reduce impending shortages.
In Building For Energy Conservation, methods of effecting change will be explored, including reassessment of the state building code, to provide for more efficient energy consumption. Panels have been scheduled to encourage an interdisciplinary perspective to the comments of the speakers and the questions of the audience. Speakers will be state and national authorities with expertise on energy conservation who will interact with registrants. The program has been designed to involve participation from such sectors as engineering, architecture, urban design, landscape architecture, pubUc policy-making, building regulatory agencies, legislatures, health boards, industry, public administration, conservation commissions, contracting and development firms, banking, housing management associations, real estate and insurance, and building materials manufacturing.
Displayed in conjunction with the conference will be the exhibit. The Architect and The Energy Crisis, developed by the American Institute of Architects, partially funded by the General Services Administration. The exhibit, which dramatizes the impact of modem building design on the depletion of energy resources, will be on display adjacent to Wright Auditorium and may be viewed throughout the two-day conference. Not overly technical, it provides historical examples of how past civiUzations have coped with their environment through building design, as well as a review of existing problems and future alternatives.
I- advisors - correspondents -,
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
OREGON
Continued from Page 4
pany has been very active in research on stickers and Mr. Hanson should provide us with considerable details on their use. Moreover, he has had experience with stickers when ap- plied through irrigation systems.
The second 1973-74 cranberry shortcourse has been set for late January. Dr. Hugh Gardner will again lead a session on bog soils. This will be a continuation of last year's soils course and is meant to finish up his presentation of bog soil management and fertilizer use. Dr. Gardner is a specialist in soils from Oregon State University in CorvaUis.
A third course is set for mid- March. It will center on the topic of cranberry fungus diseases and their control. Results of three years' sampling work on the twig blight fungus will also be revealed. Speak- ing at this session will be Iain MacSwan, plant pathologist at Ore- gon State University and Bernie
Moore from the Plant Disease CUnic in CorvaUis. Complete information on each course will be sent to cranberry growers near the time they are scheduled to be held.
Fertilizer Shortages Predicted
Oregon could well be in for a severe fertilizer shortage come next year. According to Dr. E. Hugh Gardner, extension soils specialist at Oregon State University, several factors are leading to predictions of short fertilizer supplies for 1974.
Phase four price ceiUngs are one of the main causes of the fertilizer pinch. Foreigners are wiUing to pay up to $30 per ton over what U.S. farmers can be charged. Without export controls, fertilizer export has become a drain on domestic suppHes, especially since the dollar has faced worldwide devaluation.
Another factor that could create shortages is the anticipated much larger planting of field crops and grains. Up to 60 million additional acres will be brought into produc- tion in 1974 as compared to acreage
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planted last year. Since many of these new acres are marginal land, they will need good-sized fertilizer applications if they are to produce reasonably well.
In spite of the above factors, a fertilizer shortage could probably be avoided if production were in- •creased. But shortages of natural gas are expected to curtail produc- tion of nitrogen fertilizers this winter. Phosphates also are not being produced in adequate amounts due to loss of manufacturing plants to stiff pollution controls and to transportation problems. It is be- coming apparent that anyone need- ing fertilizers in quantity next year should keep in touch with the situation by checking closely with suppliers.
Berry Rot a Problem
Berry rots can be a serious problem as the cranberry crop ripens. Rot not only reduces total crop harvested but also will cut down the length of time that a Continued on Page 16
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE DDT CONTROVERSY
by Robert M. Devlin
Contemporary man is now more numerous and lives longer than in any previous epoch and his greatest present concern is the maintenance of his environment and his health. This concem, however, has been dramatized and popularized to such an extent by the news media that when it comes to a discussion of health and environment we are often no longer guided by rational thought but easily misled by emotional statements and sensational headlines. Conclusions drawn from hastily-run experiments in which questionable procedures have been employed are readily accepted as long as they support the doctrine of some current popular movement. Indeed, if the movement is popular enough, just the mere unsupported speculations of well-known personalities are carefully listened to and, in many cases, acted upon. It is this type of irrational behavior that led to the decision by Mr. William Ruckelshaus, former director of the Environmental Protection Agency, to ban the use of DDT in the United States.
The ban of DDT is primarily due to the fact that the general pubUc has been told only what extremist groups want them to hear, a circumstance that makes an intelligent decision on DDT by the layman just about impossible. Consequently, the public majority has greeted the ban of DDT with hardly a whimper of protest and a good deal of loud as well as silent applause. It is a wonder that this has occurred to a compound that is probably the safest and most efficient chemical for its purpose ever produced by man. Dr. Robert White-Stevens of the Bureau of Conservation and Environmental Science at Rutgers University has stated conceming DDT that "no
PARTI
evidence of injury, cancer, or death after twenty-five years of use, where at least one billion humans have been exposed, has ever been authoritatively reported with medi- cal annotation." A truly remarkable record when compared to peniciUin (and other so-called miracle drugs), aspirin, and the vitamins many of us ingest every day.
A total ban on the use of DDT in the United States will not affect the average American citizen to any great extent. It will just mean that more toxic compounds-in some cases much more toxic-will have to be used in place of DDT. People will be deprived of a safe control for many pests— some serious disease vectors— and will have to use compounds less effective, more toxic, and considerably less researched. To the American farmer DDT has been and still is of great value, especially on cotton, peanuts, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables. The cotton grower uses most of the DDT bought by the farmers in the U.S. and when you consider that cotton is the fifth most valuable crop in the U.S., a ban in this case should have a noticeable effect on our economy. Figures quoted in 1965 by the Senate committee on government operations showed that a 50% increase in yield could be expected in cotton fields treated with DDT. Cotton growers use the pesticide to control at least a dozen insects including the boUworm, the pink bollworm, cotton fleahopper and thrips.
DR. ROBERT M. DEVLIN
is associate professor of plant physioi- ogy and assistant professor of hortlcui- ture, respectively, Laboratory of Experi- mental Biology, Cranberry Experiment Station, University of Massacfiusetts, East Waretiam, Massachusetts.
Dr. Jesse L. Steinfeld, Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service, struck a note of warning when he stated that "the anopheline mosquito is present in large numbers in our southern and western states and that many veterans are returning from southeast Asia— an area of heavy malaria infestation." In other words the potential threat of the spread of malaria is present in these states and if an epidemic did occur the availability of DDT would be an important factor in its safe and effective control.
Mr. Ruckelshaus' decision to ban DDT in the U.S. brings to attention the serious possibility that the more advanced nations will consider the production of DDT as unpopular and unprofitable and stop manufacturing it. This would introduce unbelievable hardships to many of the undeveloped nations of the world, especially in those nations where malaria is prevalent. Malaria is a devastating protozoan disease transmitted by the anopheline mosquito. It is considered to be the most serious communicable disease problem in the world. As Dr. Robert White-Stevens has stated: "More human beings have perished from malaria than all other infectious diseases combined." Let us look at some of the enormous benefits that accrue from the use of DDT as a means of malaria eradication.
Before the advent of DDT the malaria infested island of Sardinia possessed a very poor economy and was inhabited primarily by peasants who herded mountain sheep and goats for a living. People from mainland Italy could not safely go there. An extensive and successful effort was made to rid the island of malaria through DDT spraying. The 7
disease was completely eradicated, going from 78,000 cases to none in just ten years. Sardinia is now considered one of the better resort areas of the Mediterranean and does a thriving winter business exporting cut flowers to the rest of Europe. In addition, industry has been steadily moving into an island it had once shunned. Before DDT, malaria in India was particularly deadly and tremendously destructive. It was estimated that India suffered over 75 milUon cases of the disease which accounted for an annual five million deaths. In 1935 it was estimated that malaria caused an annual loss of one billion, three hundred million dollars, a substantial figure considering India's economy at that time. The World Health Organization (WHO) decided in the mid-1950's to combat this destructive killer disease in India with the extensive use of DDT. In just ten years the number of malaria cases in India was down to five milHon and deaths dropped below one hundred thousand. Even more dramatic, the Ufe expectancy of the average Indian during those ten years increased from 32 to 47 years, an
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increase of 15 years in a decade! By 1966 the annual dollar loss to India's economy due to malaria had been reduced to two milUon.
A startling example of what can happen if a DDT spray program for the control of malaria is stopped before eradication is complete is given by the island of Ceylon. In the early 1950's more than one-fourth of the population of Ceylon was infected with malaria-over 2,000,000 cases annually. In the mid-1950's an extensive DDT spray program was initiated. By 1962 there were only 31 cases of malaria and by 1963 only 17. At this point the spraying was discontinued for economic reasons. Malaria began to build up almost immediately and by 1968 there were over a million cases. On February 2, 1971 officials of WHO made the following statement: "More than 1,000 milHon people have been freed from the risk of malaria in the past 25 years, mostly thanks to DDT. This is an achievement unparalleled in the annals of pubHc health."
In the malarious countries many hundreds of thousands of acres of land are now productive where before DDT they were deserted mosquito-infested wastelands. In hungry, land-starved, overpopulated countries like India, Ceylon, and some of our South American countries this is indeed a blessing. The vigor of malaria-free people, directed to food production in formerly malarious wetlands, with new and better hybrid seed, produced in 1971 a harvest large enough to feed all the people of India. Only five years ago such an achievement was nearly inconceivable.
Developing nations also need DDT to combat pests that invade their crops and livestock. Without DDT, which is cheap and very effective, many people in these nations will die of starvation. Lost in the importance of malaria control is the fact that DDT also gives a significant control of a number of other serious diseases which include encephaUtis, bubonic
plague, yellow fever, cutaneous-leishmaniasis, phlebotomus (sandfly) fever, dengue fever, and Carrion's disease. Literally, the lives of millions of human beings depend upon DDT.
Dr. Steinfeld in a prepared testimony before the Environmental Protection Agency showed his deep concern over the effect a ban on DDT in the United States would have on the malarious countries of the world. The following is a quote from his testimony. "A decision that would result in stopping the production of DDT in the United States could in essence, be a denial of the use of DDT to some of the most highly malarious areas of the world. The direct result of such a denial would be to bring down upon the affected countries, most of them presently considered to be friendly nations, the afflictions of hundreds of millions of cases of malaria and millions of deaths within the next decade. The consequences of denying the use of DDT to the emerging, developing nations of the world in their struggle against malaria and other vector-borne diseases would be extremely, severe."
the movement against pesticides in general and DDT in particular got its start in Rachel Carson's novel Silent Spring pubUshed in 1962. There is no denying that Silent Spring was instrumental in drawing our attention to the possibility of pesticides upsetting the environment and causing j biological damage. For this we can be most thankful. However, in her book Dr. Carson, a highly respected author and scientist, vastly overstated her case, was guilty of numerous omissions, and almost completely ignored facts which were contrary to her line of discussion. Certainly her prediction
of the coming of a "Silent Spring," or anything remotely similar, was meant more to scare the uninformed than to draw the serious attention of thinking individuals. This book, despite its numerous shortcomings, has
become the bible of the environmentalists who, apparently, don't really care if the material they read is factual or not as long as it supports their point of view. What is even worse. Silent Spring is required reading in many of our high schools and the children are told that what they read in it is the "gospel" truth by well-meaning but woefully uninformed teachers.
Since the advent of Silent Spring many statements have been made and pubUshed by environmentahsts that are not supported by fact. For example, environmentahsts say robins and other song birds and birds of prey, such as the eagle, brown pelican. Peregrin falcon, California condor and osprey, are experiencing population dechnes because of the use of DDT. This is just not true. In fact, there is good evidence that song birds are on the increase — this despite the disappearance of natural habitats as a result of land development. Bird counts by the Audubon Society for 1941 and 1960, before and after the widespread use of DDT, show 131, 39, 31, 11, and 12 fold increases in grackles, blackbirds, cowbirds, starlings, and robins, respectively. Perhaps one of the reasons for this increase is the killing by DDT of mosquitoes and hce which are vectors for many serious diseases of birds such as malaria, Newcastle diseases, fowl pox, and encephalitis. The unfairness of blaming DDT for the alleged population declines of many birds of prey is strikingly revealed when one looks further than the newspaper, radio, television, and pubUcations of special interest groups such as the National Audubon Society, Sierra Club, and Environmental Defense Fund. We read, for example, that the existence of the California brown peUcan is threatened by DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Dr. J. Gordon Edwards, professor of entomology at San Jose State College, looked into this claim and what he found was most interesting and enlightening.
Anacapa Island just off the
southem coast of California is one of the favorite nesting areas for the California Brown Pelican. Up until the breeding seasons of 1969 and 1970 the peUcans on the island successfully reared their young and either added to or at least maintained their normal population level. However, during the year 1969 and especially 1970 there were dramatic decUnes in the numbers of young pelicans produced on Anacapa Island. In fact, Mr. Franklin Gress of the California Fish and Game Department made the statement that "only one young pelican was produced from 5 52 nesting attempts on Anacapa Island in 1970." The credibility of Mr. Gress' statement diminishes when you consider his observation was made from a boat cruising along below the colony on the shore cliffs. Nevertheless, it was this statement which convinced many people that pelicans were just about extinct along the CaUfomia coast.
Dr. Robert Risebrough visited Anacapa almost two months after the great oil spill in the Santa Barbara Channel (January 28, 1969) presumably to check for oil damage to wildlife. He discovered that many of the peUcan eggs had shells far thinner than normal and then postulated that chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides were responsible. Subsequent analyses of the eggs showed residues of DDT and its metabolite DDE. It appeared from this string of discoveries-nesting failure, thin-shelled eggs, and the presence of DDT and DDE in the eggs-that the spraying of DDT along the California coast had caused the population decline of the brown pelican on Anacapa in 1969 and 1970. However, there are several reaons why DDT should not be blamed entirely, // at all, for the nesting failures at Anacapa. First it
should be understood that the peak use of DDT in California was between 1955 and 1960. Much less was used in the late 1960's. Why then, if DDT is to blame, did the successful rearing of young pelicans
on Anacapa occur up until 1969? No mention was made of the possibility that poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) could have caused the thinning, especially since these chemicals abound along the California coast and have been found in laboratory tests to cause thin-shelled eggs. They were not even looked for when the thin-shelled eggs were analyzed. In laboratory studies where DDT or its metabohtes were fed at levels just below those that would cause death (massive dosages) eggshell thinning has not exceeded 15 to 20 percent. Yet on Anacapa Island, where the pehcans could not possibly ingest or accumulate such massive amounts of pesticides, thinning far exceeding 20 percent was found. Some soft-shelled (membranous) eggs were actually observed on Anacapa. Soft-shelled eggs represent a thinning of 50% or more.
(CONCL UDED NEXT ISSUE)
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The subjects of migrant workers and of consumer boycotts have created disturbed feeUngs and con- siderable press coverage in Massa- chusetts recently. It is important in such a controversy to separate fact from propaganda and to base any action program on a thorough con- sideration of the facts on both sides.
The United Council of Churches has been conducting a boycott of all lettuce and grapes not harvested by the United Farm Workers Union— the Union headed by Cesar Chavez. It may surprise many of you to learn that the boycott has already been successful in that some chain stores and some super- markets have already agreed to buy U.F.W. lettuce and grapes or to buy none of these commodities. Other stores and chains are being picketed as uncooperative and it is reliably reported to me that on Nov. 2, 1973 some pickets in Brockton and Lowell carried signs urging a com- plete boycott of the stores because they persisted in stocking lettuce and grapes harvested by a rival union.
The object of the boycott is to require all harvest workers to join the United Farm Workers Union, whether they want to join or not. Clearly this is an infringement of the workers' traditional freedom of choice. The difficulty arises because the national legislation regulating the unionization of labor has always exempted agricultural labor. And this, too, is understandable for it is difficult to write legislation that would treat migrant, seasonal and regular farm workers equally. The U.S. Farm Bureau Federation and others who have given thought- ful consideration to this problem feel that fairness to the farm worker and to the farmer requires, first of all, national legislation to provide the rules and guidelines under which workers will be or- ganized for the performance of agricultural tasks.
The boycott of non-U.F.W. let- tuce and grapes besides depriving the farm worker of freedom of choice about unionism, is unfair
10
BOYCOTTS AND MIGRANT WORKERS
bv Chester E. Cross, Director
and injurious to every farmer who has paid his help well and who has provided adequate working and hving conditions for his worker. The Truth Squad of the Arizona Ecumenical Council after thorough investigation of the subject in Arizona and California has shown that many workers are satisfied with their pay and housing and have returned for up to 20 years to work willingly for the same farmer. Before embarking on such a drastic action program as boycotting, the activists should consider the un- merited injury their action is causing.
The U.F.W. Union believes in and uses the strike at harvest time as a means of "negotiation" with the farmers. The farmer who raises a perishable crop has had to pay his property taxes, has defrayed the costs of plowing, planting, pest control and other production chores. The time of harvest is criti- cal and brief and it comes only once a year. A strike of harvest workers can deprive the farmer of payment for his whole year's labor and that of his family, as well as depriving him of the one chance in the year of recovering his taxes and growing season expenses. Not har- vested at maturity lettuce bolts or wilts, apples fall and are bruised, beans and peas become old and tough-in any case delay means loss, partial or total. The strike at harvest is forcing. The farmer must submit to union demands or he must give up farming. Union sym- pathizers regard this activity as "nonviolent" but it can drive the farmer to despair and in my simple way I regard the destruction of the crop as "violent." A strike at har- vest rime in perishable crops cannot be equated with a strike on an auto assembly line. The two are not comparable.
The U.F.W. organizers have
called lettuce not picked by their
own union workers "scab lettuce."
I heard them say this at a public
meeting. A lettuce farmer in Massa- chusetts or California who produces and harvests his own lettuce delivers nothing but "scab lettuce" to the market. Do you as an indi- vidual or as a member of the church want to support a union that seeks control of farm workers by this ugly emorional appeal?
The U.F.W. leaflets handed out by consumer boycotters state that "90% of farmworker housing has no toilet, sink or tub, or shower." Contrary to what some churchmen have told me, we have no migrant workers in Massachusetts, I have this straight from the Massachusetts Division of Employment Security. We have seasonal workers-at present all are Puerto Ricans under contract with the farmer, and all are U.S. Citizens. The notorious "Crew Leader" of migrant workers has not been in Massachusetts for at least two years. All of the housing for seasonal farm workers in Massa- chusetts is inspected and approved annually and all are provided with toilets, sinks and showers.
The same U.F.W. leaflet claims: "Workers are not protected from dangerous pesticides ..." This is not true, and I know this from 30 years of professional experience. Both federal and state regulations govem the use of pesticide chemi- cals and a strict enforcement pro- cedure ensures protection for the user, for the farm workers and for all the consumers of farm products. The United Farm Workers Union is making some statements contrary to fact. In my opinion this throws doubt on all its statements.
From the informarion currently at hand I have no doubt that in scattered areas of the country migrant farm workers may be poorly housed and sanitary facilities may not be satisfactory. The boycott, however, is a poor means of correcting these defi- ciencies because it condemns those at fault along with those who are blameless. There are many social ills right here in Massachusetts. It appears much easier, however, for our Council of Churches to see the mote in the eyes of others.
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11
The crop, as of September 28 was reported by "Del" Hammond, manager, Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, as "looking bigger every day." He said the prospect appeared for between 200-225,000 barrels. There was very little frost damage, and ideal growing weather increased the size of the berries. He further says the keeping quality should be good, one reason being that some growers raked dry because of the water shortage. There were about 15 frosts during September, and on the night of the 26th there were reports of 19 and 22 degrees, but no damage.
Robert St. Jacques, son of E. C. St. Jacques, is now associated with his father in the Hayden Separator Co. in Wareham, Massachusetts.
"Bob," who has worked with the company during summer vacations, was graduated this past June from Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., with a degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Miss Elizabeth C. White of Whitesbog, New Jersey, and Miss June Vaile of New Jersey were visitors in the Massachusetts cranberry area toward the end of September. One point of call was the Cranberry Experiment Station at East Wareham.
Our congratulations in the selection of Miss Marcia Williams as "Cranberry Harvest Queen. " Also our congratulations in bringing to the front the youngest cranberry growers, the oldest cranberry worker and the oldest grower. Also, of course, to the well-deserved tribute to Dr. Henry J. Franklin and the presentation of the silver tray and the autographed book. Finally to Mr. M. L. Urann, upon the planning of the event (the cranberry festival held at Edaville in Carver, Mass.).
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• WEED CLIPPING
m the State of Massachusetts. During the 1948 season demonstrations were given to all growers who requested one. These tests were so uniformly successful that many pickers were loaned to growers this year who placed orders for the new 1 949 model.
The October 1st outlook released by the New England Crop Reporting declared that for the United States the prospects appeared to be 899,000 barrels. This is the largest production on record, exceeding the previous record high of 877,300 grown in 1937. Massachusetts was estimated at 540,000, a big increase in Wisconsin to a probable 225,000 and a record for Washington of 52,000, near record for Oregon, 15,000. The Only state not increasing production was New Jersey, accorded 67,000 barrels.
The National Cranberry Association cannery at Coquille is complete and ready to take care of Oregon berries. The new freezer will hold 5,000 barrels of berries. The can lines are all complete and two new graders have been installed to grade berries for the fresh market. Since the bulk of the berries will be water scooped anew dryer has been installed to dry the berries that will be sold fresh from this method of harvesting.
American Cranberry Exchange, on September 15 made an opening price of $3. 75 a quarter-barrel box or $15.00 a barrel for Skipper and Mayflower grades of Early Black cranberries. This price is the same as National Cranberry Association announced. NCA cellophane pack \ms announced as $4.00 a quarter for fresh. NCA 's price on canned sauce was $1.70 a case.
12
STATION NOTES
Continued from Page 3
Precipitation totalled 3.52 inches or 1/3 of an inch below normal. There was measurable rain on only eight days, with 1.30 inches on the 15 th as the largest storm. We are about 0.8 inch above normal for 1973 and 20 inches behind 1972 for the same period.
Late Fall Management
The following suggestions on late fall management are offered to the growers for their consideration. 1) Woody plants such as hardback, meadow sweet and bay-berry should be pulled out after harvest. This will improve the picking operation next season. 2) A potato digger can be used in the shore ditches to pull out runners of small bramble, Vir- ginia creeper or morning glory which may be crossing the ditch from shore. 3) Casoron can be applied at the rate of 80-100 pounds per acre for control of loosestrife, aster, mud rush, needle grass, summer grass, cut grass, nut grass, marsh St. Johns Wort, ragweed, blue joint sphagnum moss and wool grass. Casoron should be used in cold weather (after November 15) prefer- ably just before a rain. It is less likely to harm vines that are healthy and vigorous. 4) This is an excellent time to rake and/or prune the bog, also do not forget the trash flood on dry harvested bogs where water supplies are available. These are very valuable practices that will keep the bog in shape for peak production next year. 5) Any bog that has not
Will pay highest
prices for
Cranberry bogs
Tel. 617-695-9612
received sand for the past three years or more, should be sanded as soon as possible, preferably this fall or winter. Sanding, pruning and raking should be postponed until next spring on those bogs that do not have water for winter protec- tion because the vines are more susceptible to winter injury follow- ing these operations. 6) Areas with fairy rings should be treated with ferbam as recommended in the Insect and Disease Control Chart. 7) The fall casoron treatment fol- lowed by an application of kerosene- Stoddard Solvent in the spring is very good for control of blackberry and fresh meadow grass and is quite helpful in controlling running bramble.
wiSBiNBTi'
• •♦HI m>l 1 1* M** *♦'!>♦■>*
Cranberry harvest began in Wash- ington with dry harvest in the Grayland and North Beach area the middle of September. Many growers find the crop to be lower than anticipated, with average to small
berries predominate. Long Beach area water supply is hopeful, but the cold nights may make sprinkling necessary, and then water will be low for day flooding.
Norman Brateng, Cranguyma Farms and Chabot began on the first of October, Ron Kaino from Warrenton, Oregon, also started on the first, and the Ocean Spray cleaning plant began operation on the 2nd. Average to small berries seem to be coming from these bogs also, and though plentiful, size is keeping amount in weight down.
September temperature, grate- fully, increased over the high for August of 66 degrees with a range of 36 degrees on the first to 87 degrees on the 11th. The mean high was 65.9 degrees and low 47.5. Precipitation of 4.09 inches is about average for September, the greatest amount coming on the 24th, 1.09. inches.
Farmland Assessment Bill was reported out of the House Ways and Means Committee on Beacon Hill on October 18th, and is on the House calendar for the following week. Farm Bureau Executive Secretary Phil Good was most gratified at the expeditious manner in which the bill was handled in committee, thus moving it closer to enactment.
Internal Revenue Service is challenging prepaid feed as a tax deduction. Cash-basis farmers who want to take advantage of prepayment deductions should follow these rules: 1) Buy the feed and pay for it within the year payment is claimed. 2) If possible, take deUvery for the feed when you pay for it, even though you probably won't use it until the next year. 3) Make sure payment is a non-refundable one, a binding deal. 4) Get a special concession on delivery priority, if possible. 5) If you have any doubts, check with an agricultural tax man.
What does the new Trespass Law do that the previous laws didn't do? This question has come up recently, and there is much interest in the effects of this new law in Massachusetts. Attorney James Shaw of Dunstable offered his opinion on the effect of the law in a recent letter to Middlesex County Farm Bureau president George Fletcher;
"the legislation, in my opinion, protects the farm land owner against unlawful trespass by snowmobiles, minibikes, motor-scooter and other power driven recreational vehicles. Upon complaint by the owner, the local police are in a position to prosecute although "no trespassing" signs are lacking. It has been the experience
of most farm land owners that the first thing a trespasser usually does is to deface or destroy the "no trespassing" signs. The new law is a great help in that respect. Although the land need not be posted, my strong advice for all landowners wlio are bothered by this problem is to "post" the land. The sign or signs should simply say: "SNOMOBILES PROHIBITED" and state the landowner's name. The land should be posted at the junction of a public way with a paved private way so that the public way is distinguished from a private way. It should be especially done at all places of natural access to private fields, etc. This "posting" may not be necessary as far as criminal prosecution of the trespasser is concerned but it would be immeasurably helpful to the owner should the snowmobile rider later bring a civil suit against the
owner for injuries sustained -whiie using the latter's property. GeneraUy, the owner has no liability to a trespasser for injuries unless he sets a "trap" for the trespasser. For injuries sustained by guests or licensees, the owner is liable only upon showing of a proper degree of ne^gence by the owner in failing to maintain his premises in a safe condition or in failing to give adequate warning."
Our State Farm Bureau president, Dave Mann, has been named to the Emergency Commission of Food and Prices in Massachusetts by Governor Sargent. Mann was swom in this week along with Farm Bureau member Jonathan Davis of Sterling. This newly formed group will examine all aspects of tihe food system in our state.
la
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut
logs.
Independent foresters. New England Forestry
Foundation, available for selective marking and
advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
WiUard A. Rhodes President
Tel: 947-6979 8:30 AM. - 5:00 P.M.
Is
CRANBERRY-APPLE FESTIVAL FLAN
(Makes 1, 12" round flan)
1 package (11 ounces) pie crust mix
1 can (1 pound) Ocean Spray whole
berry cranberry sauce
2 tablespoons quick-cooking tapioca
4 to 5 large tart apples,
cored and thinly sliced IVz cups Ocean Spray
cranberries 1 cup pineapple preserves
pared, fresh
Prepare pie crust according to package directions. Roll out crust on a lightly floured surface to round large enough to line the bottom and side of a 1 2-inch pizza pan. Flute a high edge. In a bowl mix cranberry sauce and tapioca. Spread mixture evenly over the crust layer. Top with a ring of apple shces around the edge of the crust. In the center place the remaining apple slices in circle. In a saucepan mix cranberries and preserves. Simmer, stirring constantly, until cranberries are tender, about 5 to 6 minutes. Spoon mixture evenly over apples. Bake at 425° for 20 to 25 minutes or until crust is richly browned and apples are tender. Cool to lukewarm before cutting into slices. Can also be served cold with ice cream or whipped cream.
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO. INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
APPLE CRANBERRY CELEBRATION BREAD
(Makes 1 loaf)
3 cups sifted all-purpose flour Vi teaspoons baking soda Vi teaspoons salt P/2 teaspoons cinnamon % teaspoon nutmeg V2 teaspoon ground cloves % cup shortening 1 cup firmly packed light brown
sugar 3 eggs
IVi teaspoons vanilla P/i cups grated raw apples 1 cup Ocean Spray fresh
cranberries, chopped 3 tablespoons cider vinegar plus
water to make 3/4 cup % cup chopped walnuts
Mix and sift flour, baking soda, salt and spices. Cream shortening and sugar. Add eggs 1 at a time, beating well after each addition. Add vanilla. Stir in flour mixture, alternating with grated apples and liquid. Stir in cranberries and walnuts. Turn into greased loaf pan, IPA" X 4W\ or two small loaf pans. Bake at 350° for Wa hours, or until done. Remove from pan or pans. Cool on wire rack.
15
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WISCONSIN
<MIII*tlllHIII>il»illi
Cranberry Harvest
Harvesting of cranberries has been proceeding under favorable weather conditions. Berry color and quahty is good but size varies by areas. The northeast region has an excellent crop but the set was not as good in the northwest and central regions. Production for 1973 is estimated at 790,000 barrels com- pared with 805,000 barrels in 1972.
Weather
Mild weather prevailed over Wis- consin the first week of autumn. Warmest daytime highs occurred early in the week when some sun- shine caused temiperatures to rise into the 70s and 80s. Nights were mild for the most part due to rather extensive cloudiness, espe- cially over the southern half of the state. Rainfall was abundant, with showers quite general throughout the state for the first part of the week but confined to the southern half of Wisconsin later in the week and on the weekend. The northeast and east central areas of Wisconsin were the driest with less than one inch for the week.
The first week of October was mostly cloudy, with frequent peri- ods of fog over the south, while a fair amount of sunshine was re- ceived in the north. One day, Friday, was clear throughout the state. Temperatures were above normal in all sections. Wednesday was the warmest, in the upper 70s, in most areas. Some showers and thunderstorms occurred the first in the southeast and over much of the state on the third. Light rain showers were again widespread across the state on the sixth.
The northwest part of the state received several good dosages of moisture during the week of October 7th with heavy amounts falling Tuesday through Thursday of about 4 inches. Mild temperatures con- tinued to prevail statewide, aver- aging about 1 1 degrees above normal for the week. The weekend was 16
beautiful with sunshine and mild afternoons.
The week of October 14th saw dry weather over Wisconsin. On the 1 6th the first report of snow flurries was received from Eagle River and Land O'Lakes as cold air swept over Lake Superior into northern Wisconsin. Temperatures were mild at the beginning of the week, turning sharply cooler during mid-week with frost reported statewide. Tempera- tures warmed again by the weekend, especially during the afternoons.
The week of October 21st began on a cool note as the lowest temperature reported for the entire week was 29 degrees at Racine. Steady warming with plenty of sunshine occurred Monday after- noon through mid-week with high temperatures in the 70s being com- mon. As the weekend approached, cool temperatures and rain moved in with the heaviest amounts in the eastern part of the state on Saturday and Sunday, with totals near 2 inches. Light snow was mixed with rain over the northern third of the state. OREGON
Continued from Page 6 grower can wait for good berry color to develop. As a result, per- centage rot becomes a very im- portant factor in rating the quality of any cranberry crop.
This year, berry rot seems more common in the Oregon cranberry crop than in 1972. The direct cause of this problem is laid to fungus
organisms which commonly attack cranberries. Their development is promoted by conditions that are found on many bogs. Vine over- growth, drainage problems and too many uprights are some of the more important unfavorable factors. Why more rot would show up in one year as compared to another is always a point of debate, how- ever.
One fact that is evident is that the "Guignardia" fungus is a major cause of berry rot. Samples of berries injured by berry rot have been sent to the Plant Pathology Laboratory at Oregon State Uni- versity and this fungus is most commonly identified as the cause of rot problems. Since "Guignardia" is also a chief cause of vine de- fohation and blossom blast, it has become one of the main fungus threats to cranberry production in Southwestern Oregon. It seems ob- vious that we are going to have to find out more about the life cycle of "Guignardia."
y»^»»^*»^<v»^
►»»#>»*»*>^»^<^^*>»» ■* I
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ! LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
'•*>**'***'»^**^^^^^*^^***'»*'*'*j
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. 715-835-5157 Madison, Wis. 608-222-4151
Escanaba, Mich. 906-786-6920 Green Bay, Wis.
414-435-6639
Milwaukee, Wis. 414-461-5440 Ironwood, Mich. 906-932-0222
A
INTERMTIOIULCONSTRUCnON EQUIPMENT
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
% serving tlie WISCDHSIH groinieps %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
UMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CLXVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
Name
Address
City-
State
Zip.
[ ] One Year $5.00
[ ] 2 Years $8.00
Mail to: CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
When You ^
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAFTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
1^
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachuse1:t:s
Nev\/ Jersey
\A/isconsin
Oregon
\A/ashington
/^ f) Canada
fC
CRANBERRIES .y
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRXslV|ACpAZINE
^.Z ^n UNIV. OF MASS.
'**!.# ^
IS
NOVEMBER 1973
An Analysis of the DDT Controversy ... 7
(Conclusion) 25 Years Ago 12
LIBRARY SERIALS SECTIC UNiV OF MASS AMHERST MA OIOOS
-^ BIBECTOBY (or cpanlieppy growiers <^
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
BIG dividends!
9
9
Electricity - Icey to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital Icey to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
^ *S»^^#^»S»V»S#V»'#.»<^^^^*S».»S»S»S»»^»»»^»^ J
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS; Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRY SALES EDGING CLOSE TO $100 MILLION
Ocean Spray officials predict that gross sdes of cranberry prod- ucts will total $98.6 million during the coming year.
Last year gross sales rose to $92 million, compared with $84 million the preceding year. After closing out the pool year September 1st, the association made its final pay- ment to growers, giving them a total of 12.6 cents per pound for last year's crop.
Growers were paid three cents a pound when they delivered this year's harvest, and the association expects to make another two-cent payment in January. With some new products to be marketed along with pushing cranberry cocktail, sauces and other established prod- ucts. Ocean Spray is anticipating another record year in sales.
The 1973 crop is below pre-har- vest estimates, but the national production tops 1972. The Wash- ington, Oregon and Wisconsin yield was down, but increases in Massa- chusetts and New Jersey offset these losses. Figures released November 13th showed 1,930,000 barrels this year, compared with 1,905,200 by Ocean Spray growers a year ago.
The total production of cran- berries by all members and non-member growers in Canada and the United States was 2,219,000 ! barrels this year.
>^'<«»»<^^#'»»#»^<^»#'**''' '
y^*»»*»#^»<
;
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton. Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office — On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
USDA BUYS CRANBERRY SAUCE
The U.S. Department of Agricul- ture (USDA) bought 302,400 cases of canned cranberry sauce, packed in No. 300 size cans, 24 per case, for distribution to needy families.
USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service said the purchase was made on an offer and acceptance basis with funds authorized under Sec- tion 32, PubUc Law 74-320. It is a result of offers received in response to USDA's announcement of Sept.
18 and 21 (press releases USDA 2879-73 and 2941-73).
Shipments are to be made during December 1973, and January and February 1974. Cost of the pur- chase, f.o.b. shipping points, is $1,297,044.
Further information may be obtained from Norman F, Horsey, Fruit and Vegetable Division, Agri- cultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D.C. 20250, telephone (202) 447-2037.
^
H».
advanced drainage f systems.inc.
CORRUGATED PLASTIC
DRAINAGE TUBING
AND FITTINGS
i"* through ISMiameters
GUARANTEED FOR 100 YEARS (S.C.S. APPROVED)
ADVANMGES OF
• Light Weight
• Stronger
• Can't Misalign
• Unaffected by Freezing
Unrestricted Water Intake
IT
PIS
adManced Available from:
fBYfJ^JA^ Hayden Separator Co
drainage , ^^^.^am, Mass systemsjnc. jei. 295-0497
Palmer, Massachusetts 01069 Box 192 (413) 283-9797
barest.
With Casoronf the cold weather weed killer.
How it works.
CASORON works best if it's applied after one killing frost has occurred. Cranberries should be allowed to settle and recover after harvesting operations— and then it's time to go to work on next year's weeds, rushes and sedges.
Applied to the soil, CASORON remains ready until the conditions that cause weeds to grow— warmer temperatures and soil moisture — activate it. Then, CASORON releases a "Gas Blanket" at a controlled rate, killing weeds two ways: by inhibiting the growth of annual weeds as the seeds germinate, and by absorption through the roots and shoots of perennial weeds, preventing further growth.
One CASORON application a year — between November and April — effectively controls weeds like: Bracken Fern, Royal Fern, Sensitive Fern, Hair Cap Moss. Rushes, Common Horsetail, Dodder, and Water Horsetail — a total of 40 annual and perennial weeds, rushes and sedges common to cranberry bogs.
Easy application
CASORON is available as a granular formulation. G-4 (4% granules), in two mesh sizes — 8/16 and 16/30. CASORON granules can be applied with any cranberry granular equipment, and CASORON is also registered for helicopter application on cranberry bogs.
Caution: Read the label carefully, and use only as directed. 3 2i iv
^.
l.iiliiU.iiiLiil
THOMPSON-HA^'WARD CHEMICAL COMPANY P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110
The cold
weather
^^eedkillen
Cranberry
Station
t Hem Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE
extension crenberry specialist
Harvest and Frost
The Massachusetts cranberry harvest was about 98 percent com- plete by the end of October. Actually, this was one of our better harvest seasons from the weather standpoint, with many good pick- ing days. There were frost warnings on only seven nights, and rainy days were few and far between. The first frost warning was not issued until September 21, and then there was not another until October 11. There were a total of only five rainy days for the five-week period starting on September 15, which adds up to an abundance of good picking days. Anyone having trouble finishing his harvest this season had better re-evaluate his operation.
We sent out a total of eleven general warnings during the fall, two in September and nine in October. This compares with twenty-five in 1972, seven in 1971, twenty in 1970 and twenty-six in 1969. The author would again express his appreciation to Profes- sor Bill TomUnson for his. able work and excellent judgment in the calculation and formulation of the frost warnings. We are also indebted to the National Weather Service, our cooperative weather observers, telephone distributors, the six radio stations and the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. Crop Estimate
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service for October in-
la Is
iSatrpttbrook Ifondlan^s
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Independent foresters. New England Forestry Foundation, available for selective marking and advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
WiUard A. Rhodes President
Tel: 947-6979 8:30 AM. - 5:00 P.M.
m
dicates the Massachusetts crop as 835,000 barrels down from the August estimate of 870,000 bar- rels—this may be a little low but not much. For the other states, New Jersey is 200,000 barrels — down 15,000; Wisconsin is 790,000 barrels— down 47,000; Washington is 135,000 barrels- down 8,000; and Oregon is 100,000 barrels— un- changed. The national total is 2,060,000 barrels)down 105,000.
October was only slightly on the cool side averaging 0.6 degrees a day below normal. Maximum tem- perature was 75 degrees on the 4th and minimum 31 degrees on the 23rd. Warmer than normal periods occurred on the 2-6th, 9th and 12-1 5 th. Cooler than normal days were the 11th, 19-21st, 25-26th, 28th and 31st. Rainfall totaled 3.92 inches, which is about i4 inch above normal. There was measurable pre- cipitation on eight days with the largest storm of 1 .75 inches on the 29-30th. We are 1-1/3 inches above normal for the ten-month period in 1973 and 19-1/3 inches below the 1972 period.
♦ MMMMMMMiMMMMM
FOR SALE
5 WESTERN PICKERS A-1 CONDITION
CALL OSCAR NORTON 617-
<M>MMMMM»MMM<MM
Bill NEWS
NOTA SCOTIA
«■ « . . « . . « « «■ ^ J. _«, ^ ■«■ ■«, A ■«- « «■■«■« «■■«-
The weather in October at 48.1 degrees was slightly below the 20-year average of 50.7. The maxi- mum temperature was 73 on Octo- ber 1 3 and the minimum was 24 on the 29th. Precipitation for the month was 3.75 inches. Sunshine at 154.2 hours was better than the 50-year average of 138 hours.
Both local and Cape Cod cran- berries are selling in retail stores.
•■ -»- -■- ->■ -•- ->■ -•■ ■»- -ft- -^ -•- -»■ ■<■ -•■ -■
T • i • 4 i • * * W '•' ^' 'J' ■*■ "J
0BE60N
Soil Tests
Soil test sample bags and labora- tory information sheets needed for bog soil tests are now available at farm supply stores in Langlois and Bandon. These materials are also available at the extension office in the Coos county courthouse should you happen to be in Coquille.
November and December are, of course, the months when it is recommended that bog soil tests be taken. Test results are most meaningful at this time because they are keyed to after harvest nutrient levels. Moreover, since there is no rush at the soils laboratory in CorvaUis, samples can be analyzed much more quickly at this time of year.
With rainfall so heavy lately, correct drying of bog soil samples will be more important than ever. Samples should be air-dried at room temperature for several days before being bagged and sent to Corvallis. Simply spread out the entire sample over a piece of waxed paper and allow it time to pretty much dry out. Samples don't have to be bone dry, however. Requirements are that samples must be dry enough so that they don't break through the bags in shipping or mold if held a
4
couple of days after arrival at the laboratory. One thing you should never do with wet soil samples, however, is try to dry them in an oven. Not only is this a smelly procedure, but there is also the danger that test results will be thrown off and false bog soil
nutrient levels given.
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦« I n n I ♦ ♦ II m I n
WISCONSIN
*»IIH*<llll<*l*»<<><tll
The weather in October was very favorable for the cranberry harvest. Quahty and color of the crop this year were generally quite good but berry size varied by regions. The northeast region had an excellent crop but the northwest and central regions had a poorer set and their crop was down. Production of cranberries for 1973 is estimated at 790,000 barrels compared with the record crop of 805,000 barrels in 1972.
Near normal temperatures pre- vailed during the last week of October, tuming much colder over the weekend. The coldest tempera- ture of the season was reported over the State on the 28th with the season's first hard freeze occurring in the southeast corner of the State. General rains were reported over the State on the 30th and 31st with light amounts in the southeast.
Precipitation was negligible during the remainder of the period except for snow flurries in the extreme north toward the latter part of the week.
Winterlike cold prevailed over Wisconsin during the first week of November. Temperatures lowered into the teens Statewide on several evenings, even falling to 9 or 10 degrees over parts of western and northern Wisconsin on some nights. Precipitation was sparse, with the southern two-thirds of the State reporting only traces for the entire week. The extreme north had .1 to .2 precipitation in water equivalent when snow with depths near 2 inches fell during mid-week.
Mostly cloudy and mild early in the week of the 1 1th in south and central portions of the State and cloudy and cool in the north. Light rain fell over the extreme north- west. During mid-week, showers and a few thunderstorms developed over southwestern counties and spread northeastward. Precipitation amounts exceeded h inch at most reporting stations in the southeast with lesser amounts in the west and north. Cooler air spread southward over the State Thursday with the precipitation changing to snow over the north and central couties and a mixture of rain and snow in the south. The heaviest amounts of snow fell over east-central portions with 3-4 inches at Shawano. Tem- i peratures ranged from a high of 64 I early in the week to a low of 8 on i Friday evening.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
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INTERNMIOIUL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
Issue of November 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 7
Private Applicator Guidelines are in the Making
EPA is busy working up regulations for certifi- cation of private pesticide applicators (which would include growers) under the Federal Environmental Pesticides Control Act. Under the proposed guide- lines, a private applicator will have to prove his competence in order to be issued a permit; it is not indicated whether this will be through written or oral examination. If present proposals are any indication of what's to come, an applicator will be declared competent if he has an understanding of the pesticide label, including name of the pesticide; what crop or animal it is to be used on; what pests it will control; when and how to apply it; any harvest or re-entry restrictions; safety precautions; environmental hazards; any poisoning symptoms; and disposal techniques.
Massachusetts & U. S. Cranberry Crop Up
Total U.S. cranberry production is estimated at 2.12 million barrels, up 3 percent from the October 1 forecast and 2 percent more than the 1972 crop. Utilized production totaled 1.98 million barrels in 1972 and 1.64 million barrels in 1971. Increases from a year ago are anticipated in Massachusetts and New Jersey, but decreases in Wisconsin, Washington and Oregon partially offset the Eastern gain.
The harvest of this year's crop is vertually complete. October weather conditions mostly favored harvest. Both the quaUty and color of this year's crop are good. Berry Sizes varied greatly between States and within States.
The Massachusetts crop is estimated at 890,000 barrels, 9 percent above the 1972 crop but 17 percent below 1971. Light frost caused some damage.
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 Ail correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
p advisors - correspondents -
Nova Scotia \. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by PUgrim PubUshers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5W per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
W&SBINBTON NEWJEIISET
Quarterly Cranberry Vine issued November 1. Cranberry harvest in Washington was completed by the end of October. Without the total production an estimate of a 25% drop below the 1972 crop has been anticipated.
October was normal as far as weather was concerned. Maximum temperature was 65 degrees on the 19th and minimum temperature of 32 degrees on the 9th. Rainfall totaled 6.03 inches at the Long Beach Unit which is ahnost 2 inches under the 12 year average for October. The 1973 total to date, 49.20 inches, is 13.45 inches less than 1972 to date. Sufficient rain- fall eased the shortage for water harvest at Long Beach. Grayland and North Beach completed dry harvest shortly pas the middle of October.- Small to medium size berries accounted for the drop in production.
A recent publication PNW 130, "How to recognize cut worms, army worms, loopers" is available at the Long Beach Unit. Tt was prepared by Carl Johansen, profes- sor of entomology, Washington State University.
October was about normal in regard to temperature but it was very dry. Very bright sunny days with cool nights gave good condi- tions for harvesting and promoted good coloration of cranberries. Night temperatures were frequently in the thirties, but this was bal- anced out by temperatures often in the 70's and 80's. The average temperature was 57.1 degrees which is 0.8 degrees above normal. The extremes in the weather shelter on the upland were 83 degrees on the 2nd and 3rd and 29 degrees on the 19th. Bog temperatures were below freezing on 19 nights but critical temperatures requiring frost reflows occurred only four times. No significant frost damage was sustained anywhere in the state.
The rainfall totaled 3.73 inches, which is 0.65 inches above normal, but there was actually a "mini- drought" during the month. Only .25 inch of rain fell from the 1st to the 29th, when a good soaking rain of 3.48 inches relieved the dryness. Some of the larger growers had to draw water from their deep wells and some smaller growers had insufficient water supplies tempor-
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by about November 5 (with only about 150 acres left to be picked at this time). The color was good but size was smaller than normal, ap- parently the result of the heat waves in August and September. The volume is very good and the New Jersey total should be close to 200,000 barrels.
ofeiruaKy
MATT STANKAVICH
Funeral- services were held recently in the Bandon Chapel for 74- year-old Matthew M. (Matt) Stanka- vich of Croft Lake Road who died Nov. 23 in Bandon, Oregon
Born May 6, 1899, in Three Lakes, Wis., Mr. Stankavich was a member of the Bandon Grange for 26 years, and a member of the Ocean Spray Cranberry co-op.
A resident of the Bandon area for the past 68 years, he and his family were pioneer cranberry growers, with he and his brothers inventing the Westem Picker cran- berry picker. He -was formerly with- the State H ighway Department.
In 1933 at Coquille he was married to Freda D. Cox, who survives.
TOM LEWIS
Tom Edward Lewis, 61, died suddenly October 10 at home in Long Beach, Washington. He was born September 20, 1912, in Ray- mond, the son of pioneer Pacific County farmers, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Daniel Lewis.
After graduating from South Bend High School, Tom Lewis attended Washington State College. He was a resident of the peninsula for some 38 years and for many years was a chicken farmer. In recent years he has raised cran- berries.
Survivors include a sister, Mrs. Sam (Kathryn) Bunker, Long Beach and one brother, Charles L. Lewis, Dillon, Ore.
Committal was in Fern Hill Cemetery, Menlo.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE DDT CONTROVERSY
by Robert M. Devlin
PART It
Dr. Edwards found that during the years 1969 and 1970 the pelicans on Anacapa were subjected to an almost continuous harassment by scientists. Helicopters containing research biologists hovered over nesting areas creating a great deal of noise and commotion. Teams of scientists repeatedly roamed and poked among the nests frightening off the brooding females and in some cases shooting them on the nests for analysis. It is common knowledge among poultry farmers and those who study the habits of birds th^t excessive noise and commotion will cause the laying of thin-shelled eggs, nest desertion, and in some instances the premature extrusion of eggs. The latter may account for the soft-shelled eggs. Fortunately there were some people who recognized that such thoughtless behavior, rather than DDT, may have been the reason for nest failure on Anacapa. In 1971 the National Park Service closed Anacapa Island to helicopters and refused to allow anyone near the nesting areas during the brooding season. The result was a striking recovery of the pelican population, much to the chagrin of the anti-DDT activists. Testimony showed that approximately 600 young were produced in 1971.
It is also interesting to note that the nesting failure of the brown pelicans followed by only a short period of time the great oil spill in the Santa Barbara Channel near Anacapa Island. The anti-DDT environmentalists do not even mention the oil spill as a possible cause of nesting failure. This is a substantial omission when you consider that the oil spilled in the area contained 21 ppm mercury, an element shown to be associated
with sterility, toxicity to embryos, and thin egg shells. Also not mentioned is the fact that analyses following the oil spill showed that the bones of pelicans and the anchovies upon which they feed contained high amounts of lead— as high as 100 ppm in the bone tissue and 17 ppm in the anchovies. In experiments with quail it has been shown that 6 ppm lead will cause the thinning of eggshells! When we look at the whole picture it is difficult to implicate DDT as the sole reason for the decline of brown pelicans on Anacapa in 1969 and 1970. Indeed, the implication is that DDT had little if anything to do with it.
A myth of even greater magnitude than that exposed at Anacapa is that DDT is responsible for the drastic declines in number of eagles, osprey, and Peregrine falcons. Again it is the alleged adverse influence of DDT on the thickness of eggshells that is to blame. Let us look at some of the things environmentaHsts neglect to mention concerning this problem.
It has been repeatedly established in the pre-DDT literature that the above large birds of prey were becoming extinct or at the very least were experiencing severe population dechnes. Dr. Donald Spencer, a well-known wildlife biologist, has quoted reports written by ornithologists in the late 1800's describing how the osprey was threatened at that time. In 1943, again before the use of DDT, Dr. Joseph Hickey of the Audubon Society wrote that a 70% decline in ospreys had occurred as a result of "pole trapping, etc," around fish hatcheries. An article which appeared in the journal Ecology in 1921 entitled Threatened Extinction of the
Bald Eagle certainly did not describe the eagle population of the U.S. as in a healthy state. A quote from the Science News Letter, July 3, 1943 is also instructive: "When the timber was cleared it was inevitable that the eagles had to go. Moreover, the cities grew and befouled the rivers with sewage and industrial wastes. The once teeming fish population vanished. With their main source of supplies thus taken away, it was only natural that the eagles should vanish also." Eagles have also had their problems with man and his firearms. For 35 years (1917-1952) the state of Alaska paid hunters a bounty of 50 cents for each eagle they killed. This amounted to a slaughter of well over 100,000 eagles. Just recently it was uncovered that ranchers in Wyoming and Colorado were activ^y involved in the "sport" of eagle kilHng. The eagles were killed in flight from hehcopters flown close to the birds so that enthusiastic "sportsmen" could literally blow them to pieces with shotguns! It has been estimated that 600 to 700 eagles were killed in this manner in 1970. According to Dr. Andrew J. Rogers of the West Florida Research Laboratory, the literature of the past 57 years contains reference to the death of 120,645 eagles only nine of which are reported as having succumbed to pesticides. Only one of the 9 deaths was attributed to DDT. This of course does not include the many deaths of eagles that have occurred from impact, starvation, trapping, etc. that have not found their way into literature. The U.S. Peregrine
falcon population has been steadily declining since about 1890. In 1940, before DDT use, there were approximately 170 mating pairs in the United States' considered by some to be a critical population level. Nearly 50 years before DDT was used the great tree-nesting Peregrine population of eastern United States had vanished and the extinction of the rare cliff-nesting Peregrines was also imminent. Berger recorded that 72.5% of the Peregrine nesting ledges in southeastern U.S. were abandoned and Rice wrote that 56% of those in Pennsylvania were deserted before the use of DDT. Finally, one of the world's leading experts on the Peregrine, Frank L. Beebe, published a small booklet in 1970 titled The Myth of the Vanishing Peregrine. His book was subtitled A Study in the Technique of the Manipulation of Public and Official Attitudes. In his booklet, Beebe pointed out that the abandonment of the eyries by peregrines in most of western U.S. and southern Alberta and British Columbia preceded by many years the use of DDT and that the ant i-DDT environmentahsts "know full well their 'endangered peregrine' is a fabrication."
Despite all the stories of the disappearing of these magnificent raptors, there has been some good news. Counts taken of migrating birds by the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, Kempton, Pennsylvania suggest that eagles and ospreys are on the increase and that the Peregrine is at least maintaining a steady state in its population level. For example, a review of the annual counts at Hawk Mountain of migrating osprey during the years of DDT use revealed a steady increase in number of these birds: 191 ospreys in 1946, 254 in 1951, 352 in 1961, 457 in 1967, 529 in 1969, 600 in 1970, and 613 ospreys in 1971. The apparent
8
plentiful supply of ospreys brought forth the comment from Hawk Mountain's President Taylor: "Where are they all coming from?"
Perhaps the greatest clamor concerning DDT and the disappearance of certain birds of prey has to do with the effect of the pesticide on the thickness of eggshells. The environmentalists claim that DDT causes the production of thin-shelled eggs and as a consequence there is a drop in reproductive success. This allegation has been so faithfully communicated by the news media that almost every man, woman, and school-age child in the United States is aware of it. However, there is no conclusive evidence that DDT causes the thinning of eggshells in the natural environment. This statement is supported by an exhaustive study of the subject by the Mrak Commission for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In the Commission's report it was stated that "there seems at this time to be a very reasonable doubt that residues of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are found in the natural feed of these birds at levels equivalent to the dosage necessary to produce these effects." In addition the Wilson Advisory Committee on Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals found the evidence For the postulated relationship between persistent pesticides and the disappearance of the Peregrine falcon (presumably due to eggshell thinning) less than precise. The Neuberger Committee also viewed this relationship as unproven. Nevertheless, a comparison between museum specimens and eggs laid by raptors since World War II show a reduction in eggshell thickness since the introduction of DDT. However, it should be remembered that numerous otlier chemicals have been released into the
environment in great quantities since World War II. To implicate DDT, one has to demonstrate a causal relationship between the use of the pesticide and eggshell thinning and to date this has not been done.
To make the problem even more complex there are a number of studies that suggest very strongly that DDT does not cause the production of thin-shelled eggs or a drop in the reproductive success of birds. For example, Dr. Cherms, professor of poultry science at the University of Wisconsin, reported that egg laying ability and thickness of eggshells remained unaffected for pheasants, quail, and turkey fed 200 ppm DDT for several months. Even more significant, the quail were fed on this diet through four generations without any ill effects. In a recent paper (1970) Tucker and Haegele of the Denver WildUfe Research Center found that quail and mallards fed a diet of 10 and 30 ppm DDT laid eggs with normal shell thickness. Only when the birds were administered massive doses of DDT (1,000 mg/kg) could a significant thinning of eggshells be demonstrated. It would be impossible to duplicate these circumstances, including the less massive doses of DDT, in the natural environment.
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A comparison of the influence of the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues-including DDT-in the fat tissues and eggs of Peregrine falcons from Britain and northem Canada-Alaska by Drs. Enderson and Berger suggests that these pesticides do not interfere with the reproduction of Pere- grines. They found that although the Peregrines of northern Canada and Alaska contained high levels of organochlorine pesticide resi- dues-130 to 2,435 ppm in their fat tissues and 13.9 to 49.9 ppm in their eggs— compared to the rapidly disappearing British Peregrine popu- lation, they reproduced normally. Ratcliff found a total organo- chlorine pesticide residue of 17.4 ppm for eggs from failed eyries and 12.7 ppm for eggs of successful eyries. This certainly seems to suggest that some other undisclosed factor or factors may be important in the reproductive failure of the Peregrine falcon.
A paper by Heath et al. (1969) in the British science joumal Nature actually contains data that describe DDT-fed mallard ducks as having a better productivity than nor- mally-fed ducks. Productivity of mallard ducks fed a daily diet of 2.5 ppm DDT was increased 40% and those fed 10 ppm had an increase of 81%. The only work on record of a raptor being fed DDE under controlled conditions is a study done on captive American kestrels (small falcon closely related to the Peregrine falcon). DDE is an important metaboUte of DDT and is thought by the environmentalists to be the culprit that actually causes the thinning of eggshells in birds that have ingested DDT. No biologically significant shell thin- ning was demonstrated in the treated American Kestrels. In fact, the thinnest shells in the experi- ment were produced by the control birds. Finally, it was reported by Jefferies (1967) that DDT in the diet of finches caused them to produce eggs with shells about 7% thicker than normal.
It cannot be denied that DDT and its metabolite DDE have been
found with some consistency in thin-shelled eggs and that in some studies a rough correlation between the concentration of DDE found and the amount of thinning ob- served has been shown. It also cannot be denied that the time thinning was observed in the eggs of raptors coincides remarkably well with the time that DDT was introduced into general usage. How- ever, it should also be considered that in the vast majority of cases DDT and DDE were the only chemicals looked for even though there were many chemicals that came into general usage at about the same time as DDT. In other words, DDT was accused because it was present not because it was shown to actually upset the me- tabohsm of the bird in such a manner as to cause itto produce eggs with thinner than normal shells.
A good example of a group of chemicals that should have been under suspicion and looked for from the very first is the poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The presence of these chemicals caused many of the analyses made for the detection of DDT prior to 1967 to be grossly inaccurate. Before 1967, residue chemists made no attempt to eliminate 'PCB's from the ex- tracts they analyzed for DDT. Large quantities of PCB's are used in the rubber, plastics, and petro- leum industries. Their presence in the environment is almost ubi- quitous, being found among other places in the tissues of birds and their eggs, in man, fish, and in insects. The PCB's are compounds that are not water soluble and consequently are stored in the fat tissues of organisms that ingest them. It is now well known that PCB's produce an almost identical picture to DDT and DDE when analyzed on a gas chromatograph, the instrument commonly used for the detection of small quantities of pesticides such as DDT. This means that prior to 1967 many of the reports on the quantities of DDT and DDE present in samples were exaggerated due to the presence of
PCB's. This, in turn, makes suspect any correlation between the amount of DDT present and the extent of eggshell thinning found before 1967. It is also interesting to note that some of the more preva- lent PCB's, when present in the diet of birds will cause them to lay thin-shelled eggs. Another thing that should be considered is that despite our expertise in detecting trace amounts of pesticides in the environment, we cannot absolutely be sure of the accuracy of this detection. Just recently at the University of Wisconsin soil samples that had been sealed since 1910 were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides. In 32 of the 34 samples analyzed several pesticides were detected even though these pesti- cides did not even exist until 1940.
Recent studies have attempted to establish a physiological mechan- ism by which DDT causes the formation of thinner than normal shells. To date this mechanism has not been elucidated but possible modes of action have been sug- gested. Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT could stimulate hepatic microsomal enzymes which could then degrade steroid hor- mones (such as oestradiol) that are thought to be necessary for calci- fication, they could inhibit medul- lary bone deposition which is the main source of calcium during shell formation, and they could inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity in the avian shell gland. It is thought that the activity of this enzyme provides the carbonate ions necessary for calcium carbonate deposition.
Dr. David Peakall and his asso- ciates at Cornell University have shown in at least two studies that the hepatic microsomes of pigeons fed DDT form greater amounts of polar metabolites from oestradiol than microsomes of untreated birds. As might be expected, the increased metabolism of oestradiol caused a significant reduction of the hormone in the blood of the treated pigeons. This would suggest that DDT may very well be in- volved in the thinning of eggshells. However, it should be noted that
9
although a correlation between the amounts of oestradiol in the blood and shell formation has been estab- lished, a causal link befWeen the two phenomena has never been shown. In addition, a study by Stephen et al. (1970) done on the domestic chicken shows that DDT did not induce chicken microsomal enzymes and, indeed, apparently inhibited these enzymes. It should also be pointed out that the PCB's which are at least as abundant in the environment as the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, have been found by Risebrough et al. (1968) to be "powerful inducers of hepatic enzymes which degrade oestradiol."
Deposition of calcium in the meduUaries, or hollow parts of the skeleton, is thought to be primarily under the control of oestradiol. In the previously mentioned studies of pigeons by Peakall, a drop in blood oestradiol in birds fed DDT was accompanied by a decrease in medullary bone deposition. Peakall's findings in this regard were verified, also with pigeons, by Oestreicher and his associates at Stony Brook. However, a study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Hitman et al. 1969) found no decrease in the deposition of medullary bone calcium in quail fed large quantities of DDT.
A number of investigators have stressed that carbonic anhydrase plays an active role in eggshell formation. However, this sup- position has been questioned by Mueller (1962) because he did not find any change in carbonic anhy- drase activity during the different stages of egg formation. Also, Heald et al. (1968) could not demonstrate any significant correlation between carbonic anhydrase activity and shell strength. Nevertheless, in- hibitors of carbonic anhydrase such as sulfanilamide clearly reduce the rate of calcium deposition in the shells of both birds and inverte- brates, a circumstance that strongly supports a role for this enzyme in eggshell formation. In separate studies, Peakall with pigeons and Hitman with Japanese quail, it was shown that DDT can cause a
10
significant reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity. However, their methods of assessing the activity of carbonic anhydrase in vitro has been criticised by Dr. Barry Dvorchik and his colleagues at the University of Florida College of medicine. He states that "it is an unsatisfactory way to investigate inhibitors, because drug (DDT) and enzyme are analyzed together in vitro which dilutes and distorts the original relation." There are a number of other studies that throw doubt on the inhibitory influence of DDT on carbonic anhydrase. In fact. Dr. J. Gordon Edwards, in a statement before the U.S. House Committee on Agriculture, pointed out that "actual research has shown DDT increases carbonic anhydrase production rather than inhibiting it."
FinaUy, it appears that in the crusade to implicate DDT very little consideration is given to other possible reasons for birds laying thin-shelled eggs. However, as every poultry farmer knows, thin egg- shells can be caused in numerous ways. The lack of calcium, mangan- ese, or vitamin D in the diet or the presence of two common bird maladies, bronchitis and Newcastle disease, all will cause irregularities in eggshell formation.
One would get the impression from our news media and the publications of special interest groups, that once DDT is applied it persists in the environment indefi- nitely. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, the asser- tion that DDT is extremely per- sistent in the environment can be so easily disproven that it is amazing that anyone would beUeve it at all. At a hearing concerning federal pesticide legislation, Dr. J. Gordon Edwards submitted a list of more than one hundred scientific refer- ences dealing with the breakdown of DDT and its residues. At the hearing Dr. Edwards stated: "It is obvious that DDT degrades readily in the presence of living things, in organic soil and water, in alkaline soil and water, in the blood or digestive tract of most kinds of
animals, in cold, in heat, and in sunlight. It is untruthful and mis- leading for any person or organiza- tion to imply that DDT does not break down normally under environmental conditions."
Bacteria of the soil and digestive tract, fungi, and animals-both in- vertebrates and vertebrates-are all capable of degrading DDT. Even in dying, an insect may degrade as much as 50% of the DDT it has absorbed. The common deer mouse takes only 4Vi days to rid itself of 50% of the DDT it absorbs and the half-life of DDT in the tissues of the common pigeon is only 28 days. Indeed, wildlife biologist Dr. Donald A. Spencer has stated that he knows "of no species of fish, bird, or mammal, in which studies have been conducted, that cannot degrade and eliminate DDT from their bodies." In an experiment at the Environmental Protection Agency laboratory in Gulf Breeze, Florida, it was shown that 90% of the DDT placed in a bottle of natural sea water completely de- grades and disappears in a period of 38 days. Does this sound like a chemical of extreme persistence?
Despite the almost unbehevable safety record of DDT, the pesticide has received so much bad publicity that the general public is convinced that it is a hazard to human health. Most effective, in this regard, were the biochemical speculations of Rachel Carson in Silent Spring which suggested that persistent pesticides could cause cancer by upsetting the dehcate hormonal balance of an organism including the human organisms. In other words, without any evidence at all DDT was called a carcinogen (causes cancer), a disclosure that had an explosive and dramatic effect on the public whose natural fear of this deadly disease is understandable. A thorough reading of the literature on the influence of DDT as an inducer of cancer will lead one to conclude that the pesticide is not a carcinogen.
Since Silent Spring, the hypoth- esis that DDT is a carcinogen has Continued on Page 1 3
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For the first time the Growers Cranberry, Inc., New Jersey branch of the American Cranberry Ex- change, this fall packed a portion of its crop in cellophane, one-pound packc^es. Walt Fort, manager of the Growers Company, reports that four cellophane units were installed in Jersey.
The celebration of national cran- berry week, October 18 to 23, should remind Oregonians that a growing cranberry industry is now a part of the economic life of the state. This industry began before the turn of the century in Coos county, but soon spread to Tilla- mook and to Clatsop counties.
Miss Virginia Corrie, a princess of the 1947 Bandon Cranberry Festival and daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Q. Corrie, was selected to represent the Oregon members of the National Cranberry Association in the National Cranberry Queen contest. According to word re- ceived by Ed Hughes, manager of the Coquille plant of the National Cranberry Association, Miss Corrie gave the leading contestant a close race.
Emile C St. Jacques of the Hoyden Separator Company, Ware- ham, Massachusetts, and Dr. Fred- erick B. Chandler, Associate Direc- tor of the Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, were recent visitors at the La- Rocque Bog at Drummondsville, Ontario.
Bob Komfeld, editor of the "Cranberry World," and Mrs. Kom- feld were recent visitors in Massa- chusetts.
Miss Jane Peabody, daughter of George Peabody and granddaughter of Walter H. Bowket", one of the oldest growers in New Jersey, was chosen New Jersey's Cranberry Harvest Queen. 12
Anthony DeMarco is doing a good job at Chatsworth, New Jersey. He has brought a number of bogs up into improved condition, by drainage, fertilizing and occasion- ally holding the winter flood until July. He is also preparing a large tract for planting.
Benjamin Cavileer of Lower Bank, New Jersey, a successful blueberry grower and a director of the Blueberry Cooperative Associa- tion, is entering the cranberry field. He has acquired the Kaser bogs and has begun to replant.
With its eye on the gift-giving public, NCA is pushing its Ocean Spray gift boxes in an extensive new campaign aimed at boosting sales of the boxes into hundreds of thousands. Sherman L. Whipple, 3rd, of NCA's Plymouth, Mass. office is in charge of the gift box operations.
Now that the first annual Na- tional Cranberry Week has faded into history, NCA is beginning to measure the week's results. Sales-
NOVEMBER 1948
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been tested in a great number of experiments with mice, rats, ham- sters, and dogs. Although in the vast majority of cases negative results have been obtained the interest, of course, is in those experiments that suggest that the pesticide might have some carcino- genic properties.
A study by Fitzhugh and Nelson (1947) of the Food and Drug Administration on rats fed DDT for two years gave the first hint of possible carcinogenic properties. The authors described the treated rats as having a tendency toward hepatocarcinogenisis (formation of liver tumors). They felf that the liver tumors found could be re- garded as low grade hepatic cell carcinomas. Their dlDservations, however, have been criticised be- cause it was shown in their paper that the DDT effects on the liver were reversible. It is now well known that the effects of carcin- ogens on target tissues leading to tumor formation are irreversible. At a later time when the above study was reviewed along with many others by Lehman (at that time Director of the Division of Pharma- cology, Bureau of Scientific Re- search, Food and Drug Administration) he concluded simply by saying: "DDT is not a carcinogen." To be fair with the Fitzhugh and Nelson study, it was not known at the time of their work that the changes produced by DDT in the liver were not charac- teristic of DDT alone but similar if not identical to those produced by phenobarbital, the botanical insecti- cide pyrethrum, and a number of other compounds. The changes in the liver produced by these com- pounds primarily involve the endo- plasmic reticulum for formation of microsomal enzymes. These changes are now known to be reversible.
By far the study that has created the greatest furor concerning DDT and cancer is that performed by the Bionetics Research Laboratories (BRL) for the National Cancer
Institute-published in 1969. This was a broad study of the carcino- genic potential of a number of synthetic compounds including sev- eral pesticides. The Technical Panel on Carcinogenesis set up by the Mrak Commission to evaluate the carcinogenic hazards of pesticides referred to the BRL report by saying that "this study has demon- strated that DDT increased the incidence of cancer in mice under the experimental conditions em- ployed. However, this does not prove carcinogenicity for human beings at the very much lower level to which .they are actually ex- posed." The Panel was not unani- mous in its evaluation of the biological significance of the BRL study. It was agreed that the study was designed, with the use of strains of mice in which spontan- eous cancer is common, to achieve the greatest possible sensitivity to potential carcinogens. The use of very high doses of chemicals and the feeding of these chemicals via stomach tubes in the pre weaning period was to some members of the Panel unrealistic and of question- able value. It was also pointed out
that "because randomization was not practical, the experimental unit should have been considered to be Utters, rather than mice" as in the BRL report. "In fact, lack of randomization, to protect against unsuspected bias or assignment of inherited tendencies, casts doubt on any vaUd statistical comparison." In other words, the BRL study may have been unfairly biased. It should also be noted that in the BRL study the dose rate was 116,000 times greater than that obtained in the average daily diet in the United States and that no attempt was made to distinguish benign from malignant tumors.
The finding by the BRL study of hepatomas in certain strains of mice fed DDT has recently been con- firmed by studies at the Inter- national Agency for Research on Cancer at Lyons and Milan. In the lARC mouse studies more reahstic doses were used and DDT was administered only through the diet. However, hepatomas are apparently benign liver tumors and should not be confused with malignant tumors which are true cancerous growths. Professional opinion is divided as to
whether or not hepatomas consti- tute the early stages in malignant tumor formation. Dr. John Higgin- son, director of lARC and well known pathologist and epidemi- ologist, testified that the signifi- cance to man of hepatomas in mice fed DDT is unknown. The fact that some of the strains of mice used for testing carcinogenicity of DDT have a tendency to form hepatomas and the fact that the hepatoma formed cannot be compared to anything found in man makes the use of mice in this type of study of questionable value. For example, at least two substances which have produced tumors in mice, isonia- zide and penicillin-G, are com- pletely safe for man based on human experience. In addition, results from epidemiological tests are completely negative so far. Extensive epidemiological studies, conducted by the World Health Organization, are now in progress in many countries including the United States, Brazil, Israel, and India. To date no correlation be- tween the levels of DDT found and the prevalence of cancer has been shown. Based on the present know- ledge Dr. Higginson has concluded that there is no evidence that DDT
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is in any way a carcinogen to man.
The human organism contains compounds that are necessary for its existence but if present in too high a concentration are toxic and can even cause death. For example, iodine is necessary for the proper function of the thyroid gland but if present in excessive concentration is definitely poisonous. It is there- fore essential, when evaluating the safety of a chemical, that we consider its dose-response relation- ship with regard to the particular species in question. Man, it appears, is quite tolerant of DDT. In a study by Dr. Way land J. Hayes, ten volunteers were fed DDT up to 200 times the amount they would normally encounter from their every-day intake of food. After a year of this daily diet of DDT no clinical effect associated with dos- age was detected either by the men themselves, or by careful physical examination and laboratory testing. Just recently, Dr. Hayes declared to the Washington State Legislature his repeated position of the past that "there is no valid evidence that DDT is a carcinogen." Dr. Hayes is world renowned for his work in the field of toxicology, particularly the effects of pesticides on man. His former position as chief toxicolo- gist (pesticides program) for the U.S. Public Health Service at the National Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta and his present position as professor of biochemis- try and member of the Toxicology Research Center at Vanderbilt Uni- versity School of Medicine allows for a considerable amount of confi- dence in Dr. Hayes' studies of the effects of DDT on the health of man.
Studies of men with high, med- ium, and low occupational expo- sure to DDT at a formulating plant, involving physical examinations, routine chnical laboratory tests, and chest X-rays, revealed only negative results. Some of the men were exposed almost daily for 19 years to the pure compound with no ill effects! There are many more well-documented papers describing DDT as a very safe pesticide and
certainly not a carcinogen. Indeed, in May 1970 the American Medical Association concluded that the theory that DDT is carcinogenic to man is unproved speculation. Finally, the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service has stated: "We have no information on which to indict DDT either as a tumorigen or as a carcinogen for man and, on the basis of the information now available, I cannot conclude that DDT represents an imminent health hazard."
There are studies now in progress and some that have been completed that suggest possible medical applications for DDT. For example, single doses of 5 grams or higher of DDT have been adminis- tered to humans in the successful treatment of barbiturate poisoning. More interesting is a study by Dr. Edward R. Laws showing that DDT has an inhibitory effect on tumors transplanted experimentally in lab- oratory mice! In the study tumors were transplanted to 60 animals fed a normal diet and 60 animals fed on a diet which included DDT. All 60 of the animals on a normkl diet developed tumors and all died as a result of the tumors. The mean longevity for this group was 46 days. Only 38 of the 60 animals fed DDT developed tumors and these tumors were slow growing. The mean longevity for the DDT-fed group was 83 days. More impor- tant, the 22 animals that did not develop tumors survived. Dr. Laws has distinguished himself in medical research and is a member of the American Medical Association as well as many other professional societies. At the present time Dr. Laws is the assistant chief lexicolo- gist for the Communicable Disease Center of the U.S. Public Health Service.
A very indignant public woke up one morning to the sensational headhnes that DDT was present in human breast milk. Although the pesticide; was found in only a small number of samples and in very small amounts, the dramatic effect of such a disclosure was predict- Continued on Page 16
14
CRANBERRY ANGEL CROWN CAKE
(Makes 1- 10x4 inch cake)
1 package (14-1/2 ounces) angel food cake mix
Ocean Spray cranberry juice cock- tail
1/2 cup butter or margarine
1 pound confectioners' sugar 1/2 cup granulated sugar 1/4 cup water
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranber-
ries
Prepare cake mix using 1-1/3 cups cranberry juice instead of water. Bake cake as directed on package. Cool cake in pan, upside down. In a bowl, cream butter until light and fluffy. Stir in half of the sugar. Stir in about 1/4 cup of cranberry juice. Stir in remaining sugar until the frosting is of good spreading consistency. If desired, red food coloring may be added to make the cake a deeper shade of pink. In a saucepan bring granulated sugar and water to a boil. Add cranberries and simmer quickly until the berries are tender but still whole, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and cool. Drain berries reserving syrup. Place cake on a serving platter and spread frosting over sides and top of cake. Place the cranberries around the bottom of the cake and around the outer top edge of the cake. When ready to serve, spoon reserved syrup over the berries on the top edge of the cake. Cut the cake with a serrated knife using a sawing motion to prevent crushing this light delicate textured cake.
CRANBERRY CHRISTMAS CORDIAL
(Makes about 3 cups)
1-1/2 cups Ocean Spray cranberry
juice cocktail 1-1/2 cups sugar 2 cups vodka or aquavit*
In a saucepan mix cranberry juice and sugar. Bring to a boil and let boil for 5 minutes or until mixture is thick and syrupy. Cool. Stir in vodka and pour into bottles. Chill until ready to serve. *For those who don't want to use vodka, substitute 2 cups lemon-lime soda.
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15
DDT Continued from Page 14 able. Nothing, however, was said by the "newspaper scientists" about the numerous other foreign mater- ials carried by human breast milk. If the mother drinks cocktails, smokes, or drinks coffee small quantities of alcohol, nicotine, or caffein will most likely be found in her milk. These chemicals are far more poisonous than DDT. For example, nicotine is 500 times more toxic than DDT. Breast milk contains cholesterol, a compound shown to be carcinogenic to experi- mental animals under appropriate experimental conditions.
We cannot prove that DDT is completely harmless when used in the proper manner because it is logically impossible to prove a negative. We can, however, cite the lack of evidence of harm after 25 years of heavy use and exposure. The distribution of DDT through- out the world for public health and agriculture has been massive and virtually free of acute or chronic
adverse effects on man after more than a quarter of a century of use. The following quote from a talk given by Dr. Hayes at a symposium concerning pesticides and their rela- tion to man and the environment puts this discussion of DDT in proper perspective and serves as a fitting ending to it.
"We live in a chemical age. In the long run we have no choice but to adapt to it. There fust are not enough people who will part wil- lingly with the comforts such as increased food, shelter, and health, which modem chemistry has brought. By proper toxicological study, it is possible to determine that some compounds are too dangerous for almost any use, while others are suitable for one use, but not for another Unless these distinctions can be made at a professional level and enforced by the appropriate federal, state, and local agencies, without emotional appeals in the mass media, the people of this country may suffer a
loss of confidence not only in their government but in the organization of society. Through a nameless fear we may not only lose our position of leadership, but suffer needless privation. The problem is much broader than the fate of any particular pesticide, drug, or food additive that has been in the news recently. "
Addendum: The author wishes to state that he has no inclination to recommend the indiscriminate use of DDT or any other pesticide. But in a world that is characterized by millions of hungry, pooiiy-clad people needing the food and fiber that DDT could help to provide, and a world >diere the health of millions is threatened by insect vectors that can be controlled by DDT, the most sensible and reason- able course of action is that which permits the regulated use of DDT \^ere safer, shorter-lived, or more efficient alternatives are unavail- able.
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How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
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CRANBERRIES r
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
II
UNIV. OF MASS.
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NEW YEAR
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DECEMBER 1973
800 Acres of Cranberry Marsh 7
New Products 13
Women's Page 15
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IS WIND REDUCING BERRY CROPS
by David Keir
When a berry crop falls as short as this year's probably will, you have to wonder why. What could have happened to reduce the 1973 S.W. Oregon cranberry crop by up to 25 percent from what it should have been?
There are a lot of opinions expressed on this, and you can be sure that I don't have the answers. But I do get suspicious of one condition over which growers so far have little control. This factor is wind. From general observation, it seems that crops are often lighter and berries smaller in areas where there is more direct exposure to the wind. Now naturally, this generality doesn't hold with any certainty because bog feedings, fungus con- trol, irrigation, etc., are other important factors influencing yields and berry size. But then again how can you be sure of what were the comparative wind velocities over different sections of bog. The point is that you can't. To my knowl- edge, no one has ever compared the effects of different wind velocities on a cranberry crop.
This isn't true of some other fruit crops, however. In the Octo- ber 1973 issue oi Hort-Science, an interesting comment on the influ- ence of wind on applies is as follows:
"Yields of delicious and golden delicious were doubled by the erection of a net wire windbreak which greatly reduced wind velo-
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city." Of course, cranberries are not apples. But the wind; can it have the same effect on botli crops?
BLUEBERRIES SHIPPED TO ENGLAND
One hundred and twenty tons of frozen blueberries grown in New Jersey were recently shipped to London where they will be used by bakers and the food processing industry in the London area.
The berries were loaded into six sea vans, each holding 40,000 pounds, and were shipped from Philadelphia to the port of Felix- stowe, England for delivery to London.
According to reports from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there were 42,360,000 pounds of frozen blueberries on hand as of Oct. 3 1 , compared with 3 1 ,520,000 pounds on the same date the year before.
To market this year's big crop in an orderly manner, Alampi said, all possible outlets are being utilized including the newly developed mar-
kets overseas. The new overseas markets include the United King- dom as well as countries on the European continent.
Alampi expressed satisfaction that the London market has been opened up through the combined efforts of the New Jersey Depart- ment of Agriculture, the Foreign Agricultural Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the North American Blueberry Council.
Fresh harvested blueberries were flown to London buyers both in 1972 and 1973 and frozen samples were supplied in 1973. In June of this year, the food information specialist of the New Jersey Depart- ment of Agriculture spent two weeks in London where she demon- strated the use of both fresh and frozen blueberries to buyers for chain stores and restaurants, the news media, bakers and food pro- cessors.
With the completion of firm orders for both fresh and frozen blueberries by London buyers, it appears that these efforts have helped move the biggest pack of blueberries in many years.
LEI S
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
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Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut
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Tel: 947-6979 8:30 AM. - 5:00 P.M.
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Mass.
Cranberry
Station
S Held Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Personals
Dr. Bert Zuckerman attended the Annual Meeting of the Amer- ican Gerontological Society in Miami Beach, Florida from Novem- ber 7 to 10. Bert presented a paper on the effects of one hormone type compound on the aging of nema- todes.
Dr. Chester Cross attended the Annual Meeting of the Massachu- setts Farm Bureau held in Seekonk, Mass. on November 12-13. Crop Report
The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service for November indicates that the Massachusetts crop is 890,000 barrels up from the
earlier estimate of 835,000 and about 70,000 barrels more than the 1972 crop. There was a soUd potential for a possible million barrel crop as late as the last week of August but a hot, humid period caused a considerable amount of scald or cooking, especially in the Early Blacks. Some growers suf- fered as much as a 20 percent loss, but the overall average was prob- ably about 10 percent. Thankfully, Howes were only slightly injured which was important for the fresh fruit market. This along with poor set on bogs in the Carver area cut the crop by probably 100,000 or more barrels.
For the other states. New Jersey
is at 215,000 barrels, up 15,000 from eariier estimates and also ahead of last year. Wisconsin un- changed at 790,000 barrels, off shghtly from last year's record crop. Washington is at 125,000 barrels, down 10,000 from earlier and off nearly 30,000 barrels from last year. Oregon is unchanged at 100,000 barrels, just slightly less than in the record year of 1972. The United States total is 2,120,000 barrels, up 60,000 from earlier estimates and about 42,000 barrels more than 1972.
Weather
November was a cool, dry month. Temperatures averaged 1.6 degrees a day below normal at East Wareham. Maximum temperature was 62 degrees on the 14th and minimum 18 degrees on the 11th. The only warmer than average periods were on the 2nd-3rd and 14th-15th. Cooler than average days occurred on the 5-7th, 9-1 2th, 17th, 19-2 1st, 23rd, 25th and 30th.
Rainfall totaled an exact 3.00 inches, which is more than 11^ inches below normal for us. There were only 9 days with measurable precipitation with 1.67 inches on the 28-29th as the largest storm. Actually, we recorded less than ^h inch through the first 3 weeks. We are about Va, inch below normal for the year to date and over 24^^ inches behind the recordbreaking year of 1972. There was no snow recorded for the month, which is not unusual for us and happens on the average of three out of every four years.
>ooooo-a-Qoo-ooooc9oooo0OOOoeo
Kiill NEWS
NOVA SCOTIA
The weather in November was sHghtly colder at 37.3 degrees than the 50-year average of 38.2 degrees. Total precipitation for November was 3.02 inches with 2.72 inches of rain. As of this date (Dec. 17) December has been mild.
Several growers report produc- tion for 1973 somewhat below their earlier estimate. Fruit worm injury was one of the main prob- lems.
0BE60N
Dormant Fungicide Dropped
Oregon bog fungus control rec- ommendations no longer include the dormant season lime sulfur clean-up spray. In the past lime sulfur was applied in November and December in order to prevent fungus disease build-up in the after harvest trash left on bogs. After several years experience, there is now considerable question as to the effectiveness of this spray. More- over, it has been found that there is an ever present danger of rather severe leaf burn on the vines if lime sulfur is applied right ahead of freezing weather. As a result, it is the opinion of Iain MacSwan, extension plant pathology specialist at Oregon State University, that the dormant lime sulfur spray can be dropped and the regular fungus control program counted upon to give adequate year-round protec- tion to the bogs.
It is interesting to note that this year's Washington cranberry spray guide also does not recommend a dormant lime sulfur application for bogs in that state. Evidently the
effectiveness of this treatment does not warrant its cost or the time it takes to spray it into the vines. Another factor is that fungicides applied at other times of the year are considered much more effective for the cranberry fungus diseases that we are trying to control.
All of this brings up the point that in Oregon at least, the dormant lime sulfur spray was applied princi- pally to control the "Guignardia" fungus. This fungus sporulates over a longer time span than the others and has shown some activity in the winter. But it is now felt that providing conditions that promote healthy vines plus protecting the vines from Guignardia in the spring and early summer are more effec- tive than trying to eradicate this fungus with lime sulfur during November or December.
WISCONSIN
♦♦*••<♦ I mti«ii»»i»'if*
Mild temperatures during much of the fall season have limited the frost penetration according to re- ports from the Wisconsin Statistical Reporting Service. The first survey of frost and snow depths on November 23 revealed very little frost or snow in the State. During the next two weeks, there was a
slight increase in frost depths and general but mostly light sno\ cover. As of December 7, fros depths in Wisconsin averaged abou 1 inch. This compares with th average of IVi inches for tha approximate date in the previou twelve years that the snow an^ frost survey has been conducted, j year ago the average frost penetrj tion as of December 1 was 2 inches The deepest frost this year i located in the northwest part of th State.
Snow depths as of December 1 1973 averaged about 2Y2 inches slightly above the average for th^ past twelve years but equal to thi amount on the ground December 1 1972. The heaviest snow cover thi year can be found in the west an( northwest where depths up to ( inches exist. A light amount cover the rest of the State, with th' southwest corner having the leas snow on the ground. Soil moistur' is adequate to surplus everywherj but in the north central countie where fall precipitation had beei sparse.
The unusually mild weather i: Wisconsin during the latter half q November extended into the firs week of December. Not until D( cember 6th did temperatures coc to near or below normal levels. Th influx of colder air after Decemb^ 6th occurred behind a deep lo^ pressure system which was the firj major winter storm of the seasoi,
Continued on Page 6
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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Issue of December 1973 / Volume 38 - No. 8 Secretary Butz Favors Strong Farm Trade
Secretary Earl L. Butz spoke out strongly in favor of U. S. farm exports last month, saying that cutting exports "would make food production less eco- nomical here — and in the long run, would raise consumer food prices."
The remarks were made in response to a research itudy carried out by six professional agricultural communicator associations, seeking to learn the reaction of U. S. nonfarm people to a number of farm-related questions. Seven out of 10 such people >aid that next to cutting Government costs the best way to lower food prices would be to restrict farm bxports.
Secretary Butz said that people who suggest utting back would idle a significant portion of ihe U. S. farm plant where "the products from one iarvested acre out of four are ticketed for overseas. Phis would run up Government farm program costs nd increase the tax load." he said. It would also sduce the number of jobs in shipping, processing, larketing, banking, and other activities tied in with arming.
The Secretary noted that this fiscal year the 'nited States is expected to export "around $19 illion worth of farm products, and about $ 10 billion f that will probably be a favorable balance -$10 illion more money coming in from farm product lies than is going out for food imports.
"Without that favorable balance of trade from rm products, the dollar would be in very serious Duble. Our world monetary credibihty would suffer, flation would run more rampant. Imports would St you more. Our ability to achieve diplomatic ogress would be blunted. Our national power, if tu will, would be weakened."
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
D
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
p advisors - correspondents -|
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington
AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5CW per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 4
This storm on December 4-6 brought heavy rain to the southeast half of Wisconsin and snow to northern and western areas. Up to 8 inches of snow fell in some north central counties. Some snow fell in all sections as the storm moved eastward on the 6th. Light snow and a little freezing rain fell in most areas again on December 8th and 9th.
* •- • » » • • • • ■ •■ • • * • * ■-■-•--»■■•■ -■ .* M.
WASBIN6T0N
• • f H I li'H 11 1 I * i I ♦* * t *-l**
November was wet and soggy ending with a total of 16.24 inches of precipitation. This is the second highest since 1945 for Long Beach area, 1963 had a November total of 16.62. But we are still below the total for 1972 to date which was 72.12 inches. Our total to date for 1973 is 65.44 inches. The storm amount went over one inch on four days, 1.84 inches on the 9th, 1.82 for the 28th, 1.15 for the 15th and 20th.
Minimum temperature was 25 degrees on the 2nd, with the maximum temperature of 57 de- grees on the 1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th. There were ten days with freezing, or below, temperatures recorded at bog level.
NEW JERSEY
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦nil*'!-******
The cranberry region of New Jersey was quite mild and ex- tremely dry during November. At the weather station at New Lisbon only 1.34 inches, 2.03 less than normal, occurred. This is the second lowest precipitation re- corded for this month in the 44-year weather recording history here, the record being 0.92 in 1936. At Chatsworth, in the heart of the cranberry growing area. Earl Kersh-
ner reported only 0.48 inch for the entire month at the U.S. Weather Bureau Station for which he serves as volunteer cooperative observer.
For the past four months (Au- gust-November) a total of only 8.93 inches of rain has fallen at New Lisbon. This is 4.14 inches less than normal. This la^k of rainfall, to- gether with the high evaporation rate during the very warm weather and the use of water in the water harvest, has left cranberry reservoirs at critical levels. Walter Fort states that as of December first smaller growers did not have enough water for the winter flood. He further observes that water levels in the North Branch area are lower than they have been since 1957.
In regard to temperature the month was warmer than normal. The average temperature was 48.1 degrees which is 2 degrees above normal. The mildness of the month is indicated in the fact that the temperature exceeded 60 degrees on 14 days, six of which were in the 70's, while only nine days had minimum temperatures below freezing. Extremes in temperature were 78 on the 15th and 19 on the
nth.
Although the dry weather has brought serious water shortages the favorable temperatures and abun-
dance of sunshine has promoted good bud set. Most properties at this time appear to have a better than average percentage of uprights with fruit buds. Vines are remaining greener much later in the season than normal.
Phil Marucci, research professor in entomology and Extension spe- ciahst in cranberries and blueberries in New Jersey, reports that a new variety of blueberry has been re- leased for propagation. It is named "Elliott." This variety has been checked at Galletta's blueberry farm at Weymouth.
The new blueberry is named for Elliott, in recognition of his out- standing cooperation in the development of new blueberry var- ieties at the U.S.D.A. Research Center, Md. Rooted cuttings of Elliott may be purchased by nurserymen from Patrick J. Hart- mann, Hartmann Plantation, Routel, Grand Junction, Mich. 49056. Orders should be placed immediately for the nursery to have plants available to the public for fall, 1974. The plants are vigorous in growth, upright in habit, pro- ductive, winter hardy and have outstanding machine-harvest char- acteristics plus many, many more fine traits.
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
The Bennetts have had cranberry juice in their blood for five generations.
—Journal Photo Mr. and Mrs. Irving Bennett
800 ACRES OF CRANBERRY MARSH IS THE BENNETT'S FAMILY HEIRLOOM
Mr. and Mrs. Irving Bennett of Babcock, Wisconsin, and their four children are the fourth and fifth generations of Bennetts to have cranberry juice in their blood.
This is the 100th year that the Bennetts have fought the frosts, insects, weeds and weather in a patch of marsh southwest of Wis- consin Rapids to bring to market the small red berries that brigliten dinner tables, especially at Thanks- giving time.
It was in 1873 that Asa C. Bennett, a travehng salesman for a Chicago crockery firm, purchased his first 40 acres of marsh, according to Irving (Chuck) Bennett.
Once Isolated
Now the family has 90 acres of cranberry vines with a total of about 800 acres of marsh, including about 20 miles of roads and dikes.
water reservoirs and sandpits, Ben- nett said.
Bennett said the marsh lands once were so isolated that the family used to keep its own chickens and cows, but now the milkman makes deliveries to the little cluster of buildings at the end of a graveled drive.
The scenic beauty and solitude of the marsh remains, however. The low tree line rimming the marsh is broken here and there with a tall pine. The ditches are filled at this time of year with water lilies, and wildlife is abundant.
The cluster of homes and out- buildings sit in a parklike setting with wide expanses of tree dotted lawns edged by lily-filled marsh water.
Bennett said his grandfather, Arthur E., became a partner and
manager of the A. C. Bennett & Son Co. in 1880.
His father, Ernie, joined the company in 1921. Of his four children, only Irving remains on the marsh, having bought oXit the rest of the family in 1962, after his brother, Bradley, who had been manager of the marsh, became ill.
10,000 Barrels
The company, which now is known as the Bennett Cranberry Co., Inc., has been marketing about 10,000 barrels-or one million pounds— of berries annually, ac- cording to Bennett.
The yields have nearly tripled over the last thirty years, mainly through better growing practices, including better control of insects and weeds through chemical treat- ment, he said.
A major innovation was the introduction of sprinkler systems for frost control in the mid-1960s, Bennett added. Previously the marshes had to be gravity flooded when frost threatened, a slow process that sometimes left some parts of an uneven marsh exposed to frost.
Bennett, who is vice president of the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Association, said yields should con- tinue to increase, particularly as new chemicals were developed for weed and insect control.
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Tel. 617-695-9612
River Water Filtered
"But you mention chemicals and you get the environmentalists all worked up," he said. "But it has been found that cranberry growers are not really hurting the water quality."
Bennett pointed out that the growers got emergency water sup- plies from the Wisconsin River. "That water can't help but be better after it filters through the marsh," he said.
The Bennett marsh is one of about 145 marshes in the state that produced about 805,000 barrels of cranberries worth about $9.5 mil-
lion in 1972.
There are growers in about 18 counties, but most of the production is in Wood, Monroe and Jackson Counties, according to George C. Klingbeil, University of Wisconsin Extension horticulturist, who is secretary of the growers association.
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With Casoron,® the cold weather weed killer.
How it works.
CASORON works best if it's applied after one killing frost has occurred. Cranberries should be allowed to settle and recover after harvesting operations— and then it's time to go to work on next year's weeds, rushes and sedges.
Applied to the soil, CASORON remains ready until the conditions that cause weeds to grow— warmer temperatures and soil moisture — activate it. Then, CASORON releases a "Gas Blanket" at a controlled rate, killing weeds two ways: by inhibiting the growth of annual weeds as the seeds germinate, and by absorption through the roots and shoots of perennial weeds, preventing further growth.
One CASORON appHcation a year— between November and April — effectively controls weeds like: Bracken Fern, Royal Fern, Sensitive Fern, Hair Cap Moss, Rushes, Common Horsetail, Dodder, and Water Horsetail— a total of 40 annual and perennial weeds, rushes and sedges common to cranberry bogs.
Easy application
CASORON is available as a granular formulation, G-4 (4% granules), in two mesh sizes — 8/16 and 16/30. CASORON granules can be applied with any cranberry granular equipment, and CASORON is also registered for helicopter application on cranberry bogs.
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The cold
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Farmland Assessment Bill receives overwhelming approval in the Massachusetts House of Repre- sentatives. The bill (S-1971) passed the House by a vote of 218 to 10, with only 1 1 abstentions. The ten "no" votes were recorded by: Ahearn (Norwood), Cole (Athol), Frank (Boston), Howe (Somerville), King (Boston), Landry (Waltham), Manning (Waltham), Murphy (Broc- kton), Owens (Boston), and Saltz- man (New Bedford).
Also in the Legislative Mill is the act amending the Wetlands Protec- tion Act (H-7606). This amend- ment does retain the agricultural exemption from provisions of the Wetlands act, except that any work designated as a "major project" by agreement on the part of the Commissioners of Natural Re- sources and Agriculture shall be subject to certain rules and regula- tions.
UMass Student Senate has passed a resolution favoring the lettuce/grape boycott, and asking that lettuce and grapes be removed from all food services at the University.
In reply, Commissioner of Agri- culture Nathan Chandler asked for a special meeting with the student senate to discuss the matter. His request was granted, and Commis- sioner Chandler, along with Dr. Chester Cross from the Cranberry Experiment Station and Farm Bu- reau's Greg Finn appeared at the University on Wednesday evening, October 24th.
Special reminder from Farm Family insurance companies. BEE SURE to send in your renewal registration for those license plates which expire December 31, 1973. So you may be assured of proper registration in 1974, send in your application forms to the nearest Farm Bureau insurance service of- fice right away! 10
On to Atlantic City-ihe 1974 American Farm Bureau Federation annual meeting will be held in Atlantic City, New Jersey from January 13-17.
Energy Crisis Meeting was held on Thursday, December 6, 1973 at the Field Station on Beaver Street in Waltham, starting at 10:30 A.M. A cooperative effort between Farm Bureau and the Massachusetts De- partment of. Agriculture brought this vital meeting into existence. Representatives from the Massach- usetts Department of Agriculture, USDA, Consumer Affairs and the Regional Office of Oil and Gas were present at this meeting to discuss the availabihty of fuel for both agricultural and horticultural opera- tions. Farm Bureau members were invited (and urged) to attend.
Farm Bureau Memberships keep rolling in, and we now stand at just over 70 percent of our AFBF
quota. If you've let it slide just a little, won't you take care of the item today? Your county is count- ing on you. Your fellow farmers need a strong active Farm Bureau. No one else will do it for you. We're hoping to hear from you.
Massachusetts Young Farmers' display at Eastem States Exposition told consumers how farmers axe fighting inflation. Two well-stocked refrigerators with typical food prices were next to an empty table setting with the notation, "1993-Food for your table?"
Food prices go up-and down, but it seems that only the "ups" make the headlines. A check of wholesale prices at the Boston produce center in mid-August is most revealing. Of all fruits and vegetables sold at the market, a total of 24 specific items had prices which were lower than the comparable week in 1972!
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SIX ACRES OF FARM LAND FOR EVERY CITY DWELLER
by Gregory L. Finn
Information Director
Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation
If you live in an urban environ- ment, all of your food and fiber is produced on a total of six acres of farming land. That's the average number of acres per city dweller remaining in direct agricultural pro- duction.
The man who farms this land for you is also required to provide enough food for 46 other people besides yourself. That's the plight of the farmer in the 1970's.
Perhaps you ought to know more about this man who farms the land, especially your own six acres. He'll need 34 gallons of fuel and 192 kilowatts of electricity this year. He'll spend about 31 hours working on your six acres this year.
You also have a one-fifth inter-
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617-295-0147
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est in a beef cow, and a one-eight- eenth interest in a dairy cow. The farmer will tend to these animals for you, feed them and see that they provide food for you this year.
It's in your interest to see that he has the incentive to work the land, and care for the animals. As an urban consumer, you have a real stake in demanding that conditions are right for this farmer to care for your food supply.
The farmer has an investment of $1,716 in your six acres, and not for an idle reason. The farmer wants to make a profit taking care of that investment and your six acres. For this, he will receive about $301. For this income, the farmer will pay out $227 in production expenses. That leaves him with a total of $74, or slightly under a five percent return on his investment.
Of course, he hasn't figured in the price on his labor. But what concerns the farmer most is the fact that so many urban people aren't aware of just how much is involved in producing an adequate crop of food and fiber. It's part of the price we pay for our sophisticated, urbanized society.
Farmers believe the time has come for the city dwellers to ask some hard questions about the proper handling of their own six acres of productive land. Is the farmer free to manage the business with a minimum of government interference? Is the farmer receiving a generous flow of useful informa- tion to help him remain efficient? Is there adequate transportation for the crop to be carried from the farmland, particularly at harvest
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time? Is there enough incentive to attract young people into produc- tion agriculture?
Perhaps the hardest question of all is, are our farmers of today sufficiently motivated to remain in the business of farming the land?
Your six acres need someone to care for them. It's time you took a close look at what's happening out there on the farm. If more farmers decide to become consumers, what's going to happen to your supply of food? The farmers sug- gest you give it some serious thought.
REVISED REGULATIONS
DEFINE FARM
EMPLOYERS' RESPONSIBILITY
The U.S. Department of Labor has strengthened its regulations protecting the rights of farm work- ers under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
The revised Federal regulations, based on several District and Ap- peals Court decisions, state that:
-Any employer who used more than 500 man-days of agricultural labor in any quarter of the preced- ing calendar year is required to keep records of workers' hours, earnings and payments.
—Workers are considered to be jointly employed by the farmer and the labor contractor or crew leader when the farmer has the power to direct, control or supervise their work, or to determine the pay rates or methods of payment.
-Where a farmer and a contrac- tor or crew leader are joint employ- ers of farm laborers, each is respon- sible for maintaining and preserving the required records. Duplicate records are not required, but if no records exist, one or all of the "employers" may be held liable.
Bernard E. DeLury, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Employ- ment Standards, said that he has instructed Wage and Hour Division
Continued on Page 16
^^^^■^■r^ ■r-r~*^^^A
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11
SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED.
By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, V niv . of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50
Covers the culture of grapes, slrawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout,- the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work.
NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED.
By K. STARR CHESTER, Alloii Box Board Co. 525 pages, 224 illus., $11.50
This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting.
PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED.
By JOHN c. WAt.KER, Univ. of Win. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50
Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic dise'ases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided.
Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
By H.F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553pages,6x9, 335 illus., $9.50
Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products.. .Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering. . .Soil Erosion Control. . .and many other vital topics.
IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management
By D. w. THORNE and h. b. peterson
Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50
Here 4s an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents oi this guide includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water.
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS
By HARRY warren ANDERSON
Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75
For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this bpok provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance.
Order From
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364
12
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CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE. INC. 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
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Specializing in: |
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NEW PRODUCTS
HOWARD'S NEW COMPACT ROTAVATOR DESIGNED FOR USE WITH MINI TRACTORS
A new small scale Rotavator, designed with all the versatility of larger models, has been introduced for use with the growing numbers of mini tractors popular throughout the United States.
In announcing its new Model J, Howard Rotavator Company has presented the first rotary tillage implement especially designed for use with Satoh, Kabota, Mitsu- bushi, Ford and other tractors developing from 15 to 28 HP. In addition to reaching large numbers of users among nurserymen, land- scapers, fruit and vegetable growers, and small acreage farmers, Howard is also looking to new markets among the serious home gardeners who, until now, have been unable to benefit from rotary tillage opera- tions except through hand-con- trolled, self-powered machines. The new Model J Rotavator operates directly from the tractor's PTO, and will mount to any tractor within its power range that is equipped with 3-point linkage.
In addition to bein^ a time-sav- ing and economical method of seedbed preparation and weed con- trol, Rotavation is, according to the manufacturer, an important contri- butor to improved soil structure. When Rotavated, the soil is sliced and lifted by the rotating blades, which chop and mix the crop residues and weeds along with the soil, working them evenly through- out the tilth. Topsoil remains on top where it is most beneficial, rather than being turned under as in
conventional methods. The soil is evenly mixed with humus-produc- ing materials that keep it open to air and help retain moisture. Thus, the seedbeds warm up quicker and seeds germinate earlier.
Rotavation also extends the use- fulness of the tractor by combining the operations of plowing, discing, and harrowing in a single pass across the land. In addition to conserving on multiple pass opera- tions, the blades of the Rotavator are moving in a forward direction
that works with the tractor, rather than creating a drag against it, thus making better use of available tractor power with fewer passes
across the land. This also means less compaction of the soil, which is a major cause of hardpan and the resulting poor drainage.
The new Model J Rotavator is just one of a full line of rotary tillage implements manufactured by Howard Rotavator, ranging from a 16-inch hand propelled unit to giant 180-inch wide tractor drawn machines. Complete specifications on the Model J, or any other model in the Jioward line of soil manage- ment machines, may be obtained from any Howard dealer, or by writing direct to Howard Rotavator Company, Inc., Harvard, Illinois 60033.
13
CONTINENTAL OFFERS AGRI-PLANNING BOOKLETS
Continental Bank of Chicago is offering agribusinessmen two free booklets to help them plan their growth and manage their assets more effectively.
"In order to keep pace with the world's food needs, America's agri- businesses will need more money to finance machines and equipment, seed and feed, fertilizer and pesti- cides," said Lindley Finch, a Con- tinental vice president and agricultural credit consultant. "These booklets are geared to tell farmers, their buyers, and suppliers how to put their money to best use."
How to Avoid Growing Broke discusses the nuts and bolts of successful, planned growth. It helps agribusinessmen develop a strategy and determine what type of fi- nancing fits their needs best.
"Failure to plan ahead is prob- ably the single most important reason that businesses fail, par- ticularly during the stresses and strains of expansion," said Finch.
Hedging: A Modern Financial Tool alerts agribusinessmen to the many uses and financial advantages of commodity hedging. It also makes suggestions on choosing and using a broker, as well as borrowing against commodities. IRS ISSUES STATEMENT
William E. Williams, District Director of the Internal Revenue Service in Massachusetts issued a clarifying statement concerning the computation of the maximum sel- ling price of gasoline.
The maximum selling price of gasoline at the retail level is deter- mined as follows:
1. The retailer determines the price he paid to his suppliers for the grade of gasoline currently in inventory .
2. The retailer determines the price he paid to his suppliers for the grade of gasoline in inventory on May 15, 1973.
3. Subtract the May 15, 1973 inventory cost from the cur- rent inventory cost. The dif- ference represents the retailers increase in product cost since May 15,1973.
4. The retailer determines the price he charged his customers for that grade of gasoline on May 15, 1973.
5. Add the increased product cost (item 3) to the May 15, 1973 selling price (item 4). This is the maximum current selling price for that grade of gasoUne.
WilHams added that the new maximum selling price may be implemented on any day during the calendar month but not more than one increase may be implemented each month.
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14
VENERABLE CRANBERRY VENISON STEW
(Serves 6)
3 pounds venison or beef chuck,
cut into 1 inch cubes 1/4 cup butter or margarine 2 large onions, chopped
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh or fresh-frozen cranberries
3 cans (10-1/2 oz. each) condensed
beef broth 1/4 cup gin
2 cloves garlic, chopped 2 cups, 1 inch pieces celery 6 potatoes, peeled and halved 6 carrots, cut into 1 inch pieces 1 can (12 oz.) whole kernel corn,
drained 1/4 cup flour mixed with 1/3 cup
water Salt and pepper
In a large Dutch oven brown beef on all sides in butter. Add onions and cranberries. Cook 5 minutes or until onions are tender. Stir in broth, gin and garlic. Cover and simmer for 1-1/2 hours or until meat is almost fork-tender. Stir in celery, potatoes, carrots and corn. Simmer 20 minutes longer or until vegetables are fork-tender. Stir in tlour mixture. Cook, stirring con- stantly until gravy is thickened. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
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CRANBERRY SUCCOTASH SALAD
(Serves 6)
can (12 oz.) whole kernel corn, drained
1 package (10 oz.) frozen baby lima
beans, cooked and drained
2 cups Ocean Spray fresh or frozen-fresh cranberries, cut into halves
1/4 cup sugar
1 small onion, chopped
2 tablespoons catsup
1 cup bottled garlic salad dressing Lettuce Leaves
In a large bowl, mix corn and lima beans. In a small bowl mix cranber- ries and sugar and let stand for 20 minutes. Add onion, catsup and salad dressing to lima beans and corn. Stir in cranberries with their juice. Chill until ready to serve. Line a salad bowl with lettuce leaves and fill with succotash mix.
15
REGULATIONS
Continued from Page 11
compliance officers to pursue com- pliance with the regulations "with the strongest enforcement measures available to us."
"The courts," he said, "have firmly upheld the position that growers and farm labor contractors or labor crew leaders are indiv- idually, jointly and equally respon- sible for complying with the law's provisions.
"The rulings have held that agricultural employers are respon- sible for assuring that workers covered by the Fair Labor Stan- dards Act, whether hired directly or through contractors or crew lead- ers, are paid the minimum wage, and for keeping accurate employee records and observing the child labor laws."
The latest court ruling was a decision early this year by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upholding a lower court decision that Griffin and Brand of McAllen, Texas, violated the Fair Labor Standards Act by allowing harvest workers to be paid less than the required minimum farm labor wage of $1.30 an hour; illegally employing child labor; and failing to keep accurate employee records.
Griffin and Brand had con- tended that the workers, most of them resident and migrant Mexican Americans, were supplied by crew leaders who as independent con- tractors were solely responsible for hiring and payment of wages. The company usually paid crew leaders a weekly sum. Crew leaders paid laborers a portion of the sum and kept the remainder for themselves.
ETHREL ON CRANBERRIES
A tolerance for Ethrel residues on cranberries was granted on June 1, 1973 and a temporary shipping permit was signed August 27, 1973. This means that a limited quantity of Ethrel wUl be available for use on Wisconsin cranberries in 1973.
This material is a liquid formula- tion that has been used successfully to trigger early fruit color develop- ment in cranberries.
Please read the label carefully before applying the material.
Our results have shown:
1. Mix the material immediately before application. The active in- gredient degrades rather quickly in water and becomes useless. Use all material in your spray tank promptly.
2. The incorporation of a wet- ting agent such as X-77 is impera- tive for best results. The 4 pint per acre rate with X-77 wetting agent is equal in effectiveness to a 2 gallon rate without wetting agent.
3. Our results with 400 gallons of spray solution per acre were far superior to results from lesser quantities of water. It is important to contact the berries to gain effect. The material does not translocate effectively through the plant to
effect berries not contacted by spray.
4. We have had very little success with sprinkler applications. We feel this method of application should work well but we have not been able to demonstrate good results yet. We suggest you apply the material at the end of the irrigation cycle and close down the system promptly after distributing the ma- terial. Do not wash the material from the berries.
Farm Credit Service
: ;:
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 | Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ! LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office — On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
5. We believe the greatest benefit from the use of Ethrel will be that you can improve the color of the berries deep in the vines. Therefore it is important to get the spray onto those berries.
6. We do not anticipate that a berry well-colored naturally will have any more red color after having received Ethrel. A treated berry will color more quickly and berries in the shade will color more completely.
7. Ethrel does work. Please keep a record of your method of applica- tion, pertinent weather data, color level at time of treatment, etc. Collectively, we may be able to determine those circumstances under which good results may be expected and, also, those circum- stances under which poor results develop.
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; FOR SALE
4+ ACRE CRANBERRY BOG WITH 4 ACRES UPLANCT
: 100+ BBL/ACRE ALLOTMENTS
SOUTH MIDDLEBORO CALL 746-8507
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71
FOR SALE
2WESTERN PICKERS
one with new engine
1 WHEEL GRASS CUTTER
with 3 blades-motorized
3-WHEELBOG TRUCK
Motorized-Capacity 1 ton
ELECTRIC CRANBERRY
SEPARATOR
M. S. DUARTE
Martha's Vineyard Cranberry Co.
Vineyard Haven, Mass.
P. O. Box 1 148
Phone 693-0653
16
% SBniiw llw WISCDMSIW growers %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I wiU give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
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and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
Name
Address
City-
State
[ ] One Year $5.00
Zip _
2 Years $8.00
Mail to: CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
ents
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAFTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
k^«
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts Nev\/ Jersey ^\A/isconsin
/ AA/ashington / Canada
■. -A
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY (VIAGAZINI
LIBRA
CRANBERRY CAKE
FEB 7 1974
JANUARY 1974
Cranberry Growers Get Jolt 7
Metric System 9
Homemade Forks for Use
on Front-end Loaders 16
LIBRARY serial! SECT UMIV OF MASS
AMHERST MA CCCj
-^ DIBECTDBY tor cpanlieppy gpoweps -^
9
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
BIG dividends!
9
Electricity - key to progress
In industry as well as the home, electncify has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
^ »«S#N#S#«V#V#>#^
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The
CHARLES W.HARRIS Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
USDA ANNOUNCES
INCREASE IN PACA LICENSE FEES
Fees for a new license or a license renewal under the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA) will be increased by $25 -from $75 to $100 -ef- fective Jan. 1, 1974, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced. The license fees are used for administering the Act, except for the costs of legal services.
USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) said that while the number of licenses has been de- chning, PACA actions have not decreased and operating costs have increased. AMS attributed the re- duction in licenses to mergers and consolidations in the fruit and vegetable industry.
AMS officials said 16,878 firms currently hold PACA licenses, a decrease from a high of more than 27,000 about 18 years ago.
A proposal to increase the fee to $100 was announced by USDA Sept. 17, (USDA Press Release 2873-73) and interested persons
were given until Nov. 1, to file views and comments.
PACA establishes a code of good business conduct for the produce industry. It requires that interstate traders in fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables be licensed and authorizes USDA to suspend or revoke a trader's license for vio- lating the Act.
TAX PROBLEMS?
Massachusetts taxpayers can get quick answers to their tax problems by calling the Internal Revenue Service from anywhere in the state without having to pay long distance charges, William E. Williams, Dis- trict Director of Internal Revenue Service for Massachusetts, an- nounced today.
Boston area residents can con- tact the IRS by calling locally, 223-3431. Taxpayers in Worcester may call locally to 757-2712 and Springfield, 785-1201. All other residents of the state should call 1-800-392-6288.
This new phone service is avail- able on a year-round basis to help taxpayers in all their dealings with the IRS.
Although help is as near as a
■rsc:icvc3.riCicar5!riE3c\ricr«ncajririE=ir5^^
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
A
j/iieiiM^^^^
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
4M)-4)-iv4Mg4aagpap4v4v4v4g3gg=3aa^^
telephone with the new system, Williams said most taxpayers should be able to prepare their own returns by following the step-by-step in- structions that come with their Form 1040 or 1040A. If taxpayers need additional help, they can call the IRS via the toll-free telephone service.
SHORE PINE SEEDLINGS AVAILABLE IN OREGON
Speaking of windbreaks near bogs, we note that shore pine seedling trees are still available from the Oregon forest tree nursery in Elkton. These trees are grown from seed gathered in Coos county, so they would be well adapted to Bandon growing conditions. More- over, the trees should eventually help in gorse control, making them a good investment both from this and from a windbreak standpoint.
An order blank is needed to reserve trees at the state nursery since they are sold on a first come, first served basis. These blanks are available at the Coos county exten- sion office in Coquille and we would urge anyone wanting to order shore pine to do so as soon as possible. For the first time this year, orders can be picked up at the Elkton nursery and cost of trees is reduced when this is done.
CRANBERRIES IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INCOME
Cash receipts from Coos county, Oregon farm products for 1973 are estimated at $14,490,000 up 21 percent over 1972 receipts, accord- ing to Lynn Cannon and David Keir, Coos county extension agents. Net farm income to farmers how- ever is not expected to rise, and, for dairymen, may even be decreased due to increased costs of produc- tion.
Dairy products continue to be the most important source of receipts for the county followed closely by livestock, with cranber- ries and forest products important
Continued on Page 16
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CONTACT
BILL STEARNS
99 WARREN AVENUE
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
746-2610
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
CONTACT
LARCHMONT ENGINEERING
PHIL TROPEANO
LEXINGTON, MASS.
862-2550
Mass.
Cranherry
Station
I Field Notes
by IRVING E. OEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist:
December was a warm month, averaging 4.7 degrees a day above normal. This was the warmest December since 1957, which is our record and our third warmest, exceeded only by 1957 and 1953. Maximum temperature was 59 de-
grees on both the 6th and 21st and minimum 10 degrees on the 19th. Warmer than average periods were on 3-1 1th, 14th, 17th, 20-21st and 25-30th. The only cooler than average days were the 18th, 19th, 22nd and 24th.
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advanced „ Available from. Hminanti Hayden Separator Co.
SVStemtinC ^^-ham. Mass
sysiems,inc. jgi 295-0497
Palmer, Massachusetts 01069 Box 192 (413) 283-9797
Precipitation for the month was 8.95 inches, 4)^ inches above normal and the 3rd largest total in our records. There were 16 days with measurable precipitation. The largest single storm occurred on the 16- 17th and measured 4.19 inches.
We did not record any snow for the month, which makes this the first December since 1953 without snow. However, this is the 9th snowless December in our records so that it was not an uncommon occurrence during the period up to the early 50's.
For the year 1973, the tempera- ture averaged 1.4 degrees a day above normal, making it the warm- est year since 1953 and the 5th warmest in our records. Warmer than normal months were January, March, April, June, July, August and December. November was the only month with temperatures much below normal. Maximum temperature was 94 degrees on both July 8 and August 30. Mini- mum was 2 degrees on February 18.
Precipitation totaled 51.35 inches for 1 973, which is almost 4^/^ inches above normal, but 22'/d inches less than our record year of 1972. Largest single storm was 4.19 inches on December 16-17. Snow- fall was only 1 6.3 inches or 60 percent of average. The largest snowfall was 6.5 inches on Febru- ary 11-12.
CLUB MEETINGS
Dates for (he Cranberry Club meetings have not been set. Notices will be mailed when appropriate. 3
iBll NEWS 111
HEWJEKSET
December was mild and very wet with precipitation occurring on 14 days. The total rainfall was 7.45 inches, 4.37 inches above normal. It was the record rainiest December in the 44-year weather recording his- tory at New Lisbon; the second for this month was in 1969 when 8.76 inches of rain fell. While the excessive rain has alleviated a water shortage on cranberry bog reser- voirs it was also the source of much damage and some suffering. A sleet and freezing rain storm on Decem- ber 16th and 17th caused much damage to trees and power lines throughout Burlington county. Many residents in rural areas were without heat or electricity for periods of two to four days, during which the temperature remained well below freezing for most of the time.
Excepting for one cold spell after the storm when the thermo- meter dropped to 15, 16 and 8 on successive nights the temperatures during the month were relatively mild. Sixteen days had maximums above 50 degrees and four of these were above 60. The extremes were 67 on the 4th and 8 degrees on the 19th. The average for the month was 39.5, which is 4.40 degrees warmer than normal. Only five of the past forty-four Decembers were warmer, the record being 41.6 in 1931.
1973 WEATHER SUMMARY
A summary of 1973 reveals it to have been slightly warmer and considerably wetter than normal. Eight months had average tempera- tures above normal (January, March, April, June, August, Octo- ber, November and December) and the remaining four were below normal. The average annual tem- perature was 54.3, which is 0.4 4
degrees above normal. There were no extremely severe cold tempera- tures during the year but unusually prolonged heat waves occurred in late summer. Temperatures reached the high nineties on seven suc- cessive days from August 6 through August 12, and for eleven days in a row, from August 26 through September 5. At Rutgers Research Cranberry Bogs at Oswego, tem- peratures in September ranged from 102 degrees to 29 degrees. The severe hot spell caused some scald- ing of cranberries and had an adverse effect on the size of the fruit.
The total rainfall in 1973 was 48.40 inches which is 5.21 inches above the normal annual amount. Every month excepting August, September and November had more precipitation than normal. How- ever, there was a mini drought in late August and September when farmers were forced to irrigate. The entire month of August had only 1.08 inches of rain and only 1.52 inches of rain fell in the first 28 days of September. No appreciable snow fell during the entire calendar year.
♦♦♦■l-*4-H4"i"l'-Hi4"i'4"!">'H-I"l-l*
W&SBIN6T0N
December continued wet with few freezing temperatures. The total precipitation was 18.70 inches with the greatest storm on the 15th, 2.55 inches. A five day period of the 12th through the 16th brought 7.75 inches. The year total of 84.14 inches is just short of the average 85 inches for this area.
Temperatures ranged from a low of 29 degrees on the 9th to 56 degrees on the 10th with only 5 days of 32 degrees and below. A damaging wind occurred during the 1 1th, tree branches and small debris httered the area. Some high tide
action along with the strong winds brought some roads under heavy pounding and litter of drift wood. Making WISHA Work wUl be the topic for the January growers' meetings. Getting Washington's new job safety law passed took a lot of perspiration and cooperation. Mak- ing it work will take much more of both. Aadne Benestad, Safety Edu- cation Representative, Department of Labor and Industry, Aberdeen, will discuss this subject at Long Beach, January 11th and Grayland, January 16th.
WISCONSIN
Colder than normal weather settled in across Wisconsin during the middle weeks of December. Brief warmups occurred with the passage of low pressure systems south of Wisconsin which brought snow into extreme southeastern counties on December 13 and 19. The first of these storms was followed by several days of fluffy snow along the Lake Michigan shore. Snowfall was light and vari- able elsewhere in the State. Tem- perature extremes in the past two weeks ranged from around 20 below zero in the northwest on December 20-21 and the mid 30's in the southeast on the 12th-13th.
Continued on Page 6
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ty»»»»»»»»»»»»»
WANTED
CRANBERRY HARVEST CRATES
DEGAS CRANBERRY CO. WAREHAM, MASS.
617-295-0147 '♦♦♦MMMMMMtM* ♦»
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONA L CRANBERR Y MA GA ZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Q
Issue of January 1974 / Volume 38 - No. 9
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertismg should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
How to Recognize Cut Worms, Army Worms and Loopers
A publication prepared by Carl Johansen, profes- sor of entomology, Washington State University and reviewed by Extension and research entomologists of the University of Idaho, Oregon State University, and Washington State University is available.
For further information contact: Arthur H. Retan, Extension Entomologist, Washington State Univer- sity, Pullman, WA 99163; Roland Portman, Exten- sion Entomologist, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843; or Robert Robinson, Extension Entomologist, Corvallis, OR 97331.
Aldrin and Dieldrin
Two widely-used soil insecticides for corn, are lined up in sights of federal Environmental Protection Agency. Possibility EPA will cancel all uses.
American Cyanamid is seeking registration for Counter, a new soil insecticide for production of corn.
Done the Natural Way
If you have ponds, irrigation ditches, or other water areas you want cleaned up, then the booklet outlined here is just what you need. How to control algae with natural copper sulfate, the steps and procedures to take, are outhned together with a description of each organism and what to look for when dealing with other important phases of water purification. Write to Charlie Allen at Phelps-Dodge Refining Corp., 300 Park Ave., New York City 10022, and ask him to send you a copy of this booklet.
(- advisors - correspondents -^
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by PUgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by PUgrim Publishers
WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 4
Cloudiness and precipitation pre- vailed over Wisconsin during the week of December 24-29. Tempera- tures were well above normal with daily highs mostly in the 30's and lows ranging from 15 to 30. Precipitation fell each day as snow in the north and as variable periods of rain, sleet, and snow in the south. Precipitation amounts were over an inch in parts of eastern and southern Wisconsin. Much of the heavy snow near Lake Michigan from previous weeks was washed away by rain but northern Wiscon- sin began to pile up its white winter cover. Temperatures turned sharply colder on December 29 and the cold persisted through the first week of January. Moning low temperatures were below zero over the north every day, reaching to near 30 below on December 31 and January 1-2. Coldest temperature was 41 below at Prentice on New Year's Day. Even in the southeast temperatures were near zero many mornings. Afternoon highs stayed below zero in the north. Tempera- tures for the first week of January averaged about 15 degrees below normal statewide. Precipitation was light during this cold period, mostly less than .10 inch water equivalent in the form of snow flurries.
OBECON
♦^♦♦« * i i l *■! ♦♦l-> I I H »H
A meeting for cranberry growers sponsored by the Coos County Extension office was held Decem- ber 13, at the Bandon City Hall. The program concentrated on the topic of stickers for use with fungicide applications to cranberry bogs. Valuable information on other spray materials of use to cranberry growers was also given.
Speaking on fungicide stickers at this meeting was Mr. Mark Hanson of the Miller Chemical and Fertil- izer Company. His company has been active in developing stickers 6
and Hanson is very knowledgeable on this topic. Another speaker was Mr. Len Aubert from the Wilbur-El- lis Agricultural Chemical Company in Portland. Aubert discussed sev- eral new products of interest to growers and answered general ques- tions on cranberry pesticides.
Watch FertUizers!
Already 1 can see that fertilizer recommendations are going to be» hard to make this year when bog soil test results are returned from Corvallis. It is obvious that the fertilizer situation in the United States is very confused. Fertilizer costs are already high and I'm told that prices are expected to go up even more next spring and summer. Along with higher prices some fertilizers are hard to find. Sulfate of potash, single and triple super- phosphate, plus most nitrogen fer- tilizers remain in very short supply. Whether this situation will improve much by spring is doubtful. In fact, fertilizers could be in even shorter
supply by then with the extra heavy planting of farmland that is expected throughout the United States in 1974.
All of this problem with fertil- izers will obviously make bog fertilizer recommendations more general this year. For example, there will be no specific recom- mendation for sulfate of potash because it may or may not be available. Instead, potassium needs will be assessed and recommenda- tions made in terms of this element. This will give needed leeway in use of fertilizers and hopefully, should give each grower a chance to reduce total fertilizer costs for next year.
One important fact that comes to light in checking on fertilizer supplies is that one dealer may be able to obtain supplies of a certain fertilizer while another may not. Then a month or so later the situation may be reversed. So it pays to check around on avail- ability of fertilizers and be aware that our bog fertilizer supply situa- tion is constantly changing.
la
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Independent foresters, New England Forestry Foundation, available for selective marking and advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
V^illard A. President
Rhodes
Tel 8:30 A.M. -
947-6979 5:00 P.M.
E
CRANBE^V |GR(^ERS GET JOLT FROI^IJQWER BILLS
A number of Wisconsin cran- lerry growers who have seasonal ontracts with the Wisconsin Power nd Light Co. may be "jolted" by he amount of their future off- eason bills.
The utility changed the method f computing off-season rates when : was granted an electric rate icrease last February.
Thirteen marshes in the town of ranmoor, Wisconsin, which have ;asonal contracts, use power to perate electric motor sprinkling ('Stems from May through the end f the harvest season. An off-season ite is paid during the non-use lonths.
Before February, seasonal con- act holders had a choice of paying minimum bill or an "idle facility large," explained Kenneth Roben- !t, manager of WP&L's Port Ed- ards office.
The minimum bill, Robenolt id, is computed using the peak nount of power used during the tive months as a base. The facility arge was Va per cent of the
utility's investment customer.
to serve the
When the PubHc Service Com- mission granted WP&L a $7.89 million electric rate hike in Febru- ary, the facility charge option was eliminated.
This method of off-season pay- ment was "too low," Robenolt said, causing a taxation of the utility's other customers.
Serving the seasonal customers requires a high investment, Roben- olt said, for which the utility receives a low rate of return.
The February rate increase was only a portion of the total WP&L requested, Robenolt said. The util- ity has requested the remainder for next year, a 7 per cent overall increase in electric rates, which is subject to Public Service Com- mission approval. The "make whole" request seeks to adjust rates to earn the level of return approved by the PSC earlier this year.
If the rate increase is approved.
cranberry growers' off-season rates next year will be higher than this year's.
The utility's February increase, the first in over 20 years, increased electric bills an average of $ 1 . 1 0 per month for WP&L customers.
Robenolt said material costs, including coal and copper, have "soared," causing the increase.
Several cranberry growers couldn't indicate how much they expected rates to go up but one example was provided by Melvin Potter, of Potter & Sons, Inc.
Comparing power used at 1972 rates with projected 1974 rates, Potter's seasonal bill could increase 35 per cent.
To operate eight electric pumps in 1972, Potter paid $4,893. At the projected seasonal rate for 1974 the marsh would pay $7,552. Next year's estimate would be about $450 lower if Potter stayed "active" all year.
Potter said WP&L provided the 7
comparative figures earlier this year. The utility's other cranberry customers won't necessarily exper- ience a possible increase like Pot- ter's, Robenolt said, because it depends on motor size and subse- quent amount of current used.
Of seven growers contacted, five said they had paid the idle facility rate during previous inactive per- iods.
"If this affects everyone else like us," Potter said, "everybody will probably go to diesel."
Potter said at the projected 1974 electric rate, he could pay for diesel powered motors "in two years."
Propane gas is also used to operate motors and one marsh operator said the price of gas has "doubled from a few years ago."
Cranberry bog temperatures were warmer this summer than in previous years. Potter noted, which could lessen the rate increase im- pact during the upcoming inactive months.
Cranberry growers sprinkle to protect against frost. "It didn't get as cold this summer," Potter ex- plained. "We didn't protect from mid-June until mid-September."
The Potter marsh, 140 acres, normally protects against frost once
Will pay highest
prices for
Cranberry bogs
Tel. 617-695-9612
a month during the summer, he said. Last year was normal, he added.
One cranberry owner called the possible 35 per cent increase "plausible" but would not elabor- ate because he had not talked with the utility since May.
Clarence Searles, general man- ager of Winnebago Cranberry Corp., the largest marsh with 284 acres, said he couldn't indicate how much of an increase the marsh would absorb.
Winnebago operates seven elec- tric motors ranging from 60 to 1 00 horsepower in size. When the utility furnished figures earlier this year, Searles said he "remembered" an increase around 35 per cent.
Charles Bennett, owner of the 90 acre Bennett Cranberry Co., said he paid off-season rates of $60 per month now. He estimated next year's proposed increase would add
$25 to his monthly rates. Bennett operates four electric motors and said his active season rates were an estimated $250 a month, which varies with the amount of current used.
He didn't plan on installing electric motors on 23 acres not covered by sprinklers, Bennett said.
Gordon Dempze, of Gay nor Cranberry Co., said he expected "quite an increase" above his cur- rent off-season rates of $75 to $80 a month. Gaynor has three electric and some propane pumps to cover its 125 acres.
The utility has provided several growers with figures comparing projected rates on a year round rather than seasonal basis.
Considering total cost, Robenolt said, the growers would be "better off if they could utilize the power they pay for during the inactive months.
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE. INC. 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
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The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
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• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
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TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
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• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
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•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
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•WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
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•WATER HARVEST |
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• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
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•AUXILIARY UNIT |
•HARVESTING |
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The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
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pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
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a farm tractor or any other |
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
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Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to . |
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
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per minute. |
U. S. ADOPTION OF METRIC SYSTEM SEEMS QUESTION OF WHEN - NOT IF
By Harry C. Trelogan
Administrator
Statistical Reporting Service
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Tera, giga, mega! No, that isn't baby talk or a new language. Those are 3 of the 12 prefixes you will need to know in order to under- stand the metric system when it replaces our present English system of weights and measures. And it seems that "going metric" is im- minent in the United States.
Now that Great Britain and Japan have made the switch to metrication, the United States is the last holdout among the large trading countries of the world. The question no longer is if the United States will go metric, but when and how will it happen? Both the Senate and the House of Repre- sentatives have bills well along the way to facilitate making the shift a reahty.
How will this switch affect agriculture? Over the long haul, agriculture could have as much or more to gain by metrication as other segments of the economy. The most obvious effect, of course, will be in world trade. Overseas sales of U. S. farm products far exceed imports, and prospects are for the pattern to continue. There- fore, agricultural trade will benefit.
For example, between 1967 and 1970, Great Britain, France, and West Germany agreed on compre- hensive electronic standards based on metric units in order to facilitate trade in electronic products among their three countries.
However, this agreement which initially was limited to three coun- tries and one class of products, is being extended to include the rest of Western Europe and to embrace other products. Thus, the existence of international standards is serving to strengthen and unify Western Europe as a market for all products, including agricultural items. And
eventually, the matter of weights and measures could limit U. S. sales abroad or even freeze the United States out of some markets.
Presently, the English system in use in the United States requires numerous conversions in world trade. U. S. farm products are sold by the pound, bale, gallon, bushel, or other measures and containers of innumerable shapes and sizes. Even a given measurement unit has different meanings within a single commodity as well as among vari- ous commodities.
For example, the bushel-the best-known agricultural measure— is fundamentally a volume measure of 1,150.42 cubic inches, but in prac- tice it is commonly used as a weight measure. The conversion leads to some confusion. All States specify 60 pounds for wheat, 56 for shelled corn, and 32 for oats. However, specifications for barley range from 32 to 60 pounds. Actually, it is not uncommon for a bushel of oats to weigh as much as 38 pounds or a bushel of wheat, as little as 58.
Of course, the U. S. system could be simplified, but the efforts would be as great as those involved in shifting to the metric system and the United States still would be the "odd man out" of the international scene.
There are some 130 nations already using the metric system and 16 others in the process of adopting the refined version, known as the Systeme International de Unities (SI). The United States is one of a handful of holdouts, which include Ceylon, Gambia, Guyana, Jamaica, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.
It was more than 150 years ago that John Quincy Adams recom- mended that the United States wait
until a uniform international meas- urement system could be worked out before shifting to the metric system, even though 3 decades earlier Thomas Jefferson had re- ported to the Congress the need to modernize U. S. weiglits and meas- ures. However, Adams' conditions have long since been met: the world has committed itself to the metric system and even in the United States its use is increasing. Thus, the time for decision on just how to make the shift has come.
There are two basic ways of changing over to metric- the soft- ware way and the hardware way. A software change is simply that of replacing one measurement with another. Take spray equipment, for example; with the use of a con- version table, equipment can be calibrated so it delivers in terms of liters-per-minute instead of gallons- per-minute, and this can be done with essentially no cost to the operator. Then, when the sprayer wears out, it can be replaced with one calibrated in liters-per-minute and the cost of conversion is nothing.
On the other hand, to make a hardware change, perfectly good equipment would have to be dis- carded and replaced with equip- ment that delivers in metric units. Some changes in hardware could be very costly.
However, the legislation now before the Congress would allow from 10 to 20 years to effect full changeover to the metric system. Many industrial leaders, without waiting for legislation, already have programs underway to adopt metric measurements for some uses, others
Continued on Page 12
Blue Cross Members note- be sure to notify Miss Shea at the state Farm Bureau office in Waltham before you reach 65, so you may be transferred to Medex coverage. Some members forget, and go on paying higher Blue Cross rates. We suggest that approximately six months before your 65th birthday, you call Farm Bureau in Waltham
(617) 893-2600 and speak to Miss Shea about it.
Farmland Assessment Act, which becomes Chapter 61 -A of the General Laws of the Common- wealth, has been signed into law by Governor Francis Sargent. Massa- chusetts farmers are breathing a bit easier these days.
Farm Bureau plans to hold a series of information sessions on the new law in the near future. We will hold these meetings at several locations around the state, to make it more convenient for farmers to attend. Watch this newsletter for specific information on these meet- ings.
One question we can answer right now, because we know it's on the minds of most farmers. This new law will become effective on the taxable year which begins July 1, 1974.
Copies of the Farmland Assess- ment Act are available for Farm Bureau members. If you want a copy, send your name and address to: Farmland BUI, c/o Massa- chusetts Farm Bureau Federation, Box 355, Waltham, Mass. 02154. Be sure to include the words, "Farmland Bill" so we'll know 10
what to send out to you.
Meeting on fuel shortage held at the Waltham Field Station provided some answers for inquiring farmers. The farmers' priority was affirmed by these officials present, but they made it clear that a priority is not a guarantee of a fuel supply.
What about fuel for farm machines and vehicles? This situa- tion is not clear at the moment, due in part to the attitude that gasoline rationing is only weeks away. Farmers will have to keep on shopping around from whatever source they can until some clear procedure is developed.
President Mann and Information Director Finn met with the head of the Massachusetts Council of Churches to discuss the Council's widely circulated Thanksgiving mes- sage which stated in part "no group has been more forgotten or ex- ploited than the American Farm
Workers whether in the vineyards of California, the truck gardens of New Jersey, or the cranberry bogs of Massachusetts." We asked them to name specific growers or inci- dents of exploitation. They did not have any specific instance, but justified that statement by saying that any employer who takes people from their homes in Puerto Rico for an extended period is exploiting that worker. How about the cranberries! Does your minister understand the definition of "ex- ploitation" that the Council is using?
Check your fuel records for the year 1972. Since fuel allocation for
farmers will be based on your purchases made during the year 1972, to use as a guide.
ANNUAL BLUEBERRY
OPEN HOUSE Thursday, Febrary 7, 1974
1:15 P.M.
Hammonton Fire House
White Horse Pike
Hammonton, N. J.
PROGRAM
1:15-1:30, A New Cultivated Highbush Blueberry-Elliot, Dr. Gojko Jelenkovic.
1:30-1:45, Market Quality of Hand Picked vs. Mechanically Picked Blueberries, Mike Ceponis, U.S.D.A., Market Research Lab GSA Depot, Belle Meade, N.J.
1:45-2:00, Pre-Cooling of Blue- berries for Long Range Market Shipments, Dr. Frank Porter, U.S.D.A. Market Research Lab, GSA Depot, Belle Meade, N.J.
2:00-2:15, Weed Control in Blueberries, Dr. John Meade and Dr. William Welker, Rutgers Univer- sity and U.S.D.A.
2: 15-2:30, Results of 1973 Tests for Control of Anthracnose Disease, Dr. Allan Stretch, U.S.D.A., Rut- gers University.
2:30-2:45, Control of Ripening of Blueberries with Ethepon (Ethrel), Dr. Paul Eck, Rutgers University.
2:45-3:00, Insect Control and Pollination, Phil Marucci, Cranberry and Blueberry Research Lab, Rut- gers University.
3:00-3:25, The Chisholm Ryder Grape Harvester Modified to Har- vest Blueberries and Other Grading and Cleaning Equipment (a movie* and talk), Mr. M. K. Gunzenhauser, A. K. Robins- Food Machinery Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md.
3:25-3:45, New Migrant Labor Housing Regulations, Leon Rennen- baum, Dept. of Migrant Labor, N.J. Division of Labor and Industiy.
ofeiruAKy
FLOYD PETERSON
Funeral services were held for 70-year-oki Floyd Lunn Peterson, a North Bank Road dairy rancher and cranberry grower, who died Jan. 1 in Coquille Valley Hospital, Ore- gon.
Mr. Peterson had been a member of Pioneer Methodist Church for 43 years, and was also a member of Chadwick Masonic Lodge of Co- quille, and the Southwest Oregon Cranberry Club in Bandon. A 50-year resident of the Coquille Valley, he also served on the board of directors of Coquille Valley Dairy Co-op for many years.
On Jan. 24, 1929, he was married to Fern Houdyshell, who
survives, as do two sons, Forrest L., North Bank Road, and Frederick L., Roseburg, and two daughters, Florence (Mrs. Rodney) Halter of Roseburg and Farol Peterson, of San Jose, Calif., and seven grand- children. Also surviving are three brothers, a sister, as well as numer- ous nieces and nephews in Minn- esota.
Mr. Peterson was born April 7, 1903, in Clarks Grove, Minn.
ERNEST CLIFTON ELLIS
Ernest Clifton Ellis, of Old Sandwich Rd., Ellisville, Mass., died Jan. 1 at the Barnstable County Hospital at the age of 84.
Mr. Ellis was born in Ellisville on Jan. 18, 1889, the son of Ziba Russell and Helen (Ward) Ellis. He was a lifelong resident of Ellisville, a cranberry grower for many years and the author of a book of his memoirs entitled. Reminiscences of Ellisville.
In the preface to the publication
of his memoirs in the 150th anniversary issue of a local news- paper in July of 1972, Mr. Ellis wrote, "By the death of every person something within the range of his knowledge is lost beyond recovery. This has happened in Ellisville.
"In writing my memories, it is my desire to record events and recall older residents of the village, as well as those 1 have known during my long life, and to describe customs and fashions which pre- vailed at periods within my know- ledge. It is a legacy I wish to leave for those coming after me, lest it be forgotten."
Mr. Ellis was an army veteran of WWI and a member of the Ply- mouth Lodge A.F. & A.M., and had received his 50-year pin from the lodge.
He is survived by his wife, Jean Murray Ellis, two nephews, David Ellis of Marshfield, and Ronald P. Smith of Lynnfield, and one niece, Caroline Ellis of Marshfield.
There may be snow on the ground now, but
SPRING IS JUST AROUND THE CORNER! PLACE YOUR ORDERS NOW FOR REPLACEMENTS!: FOR YOUR WORN MOWER PARTS.
WE ARE YOUR LOCAL HEADQUARTERS FOR INTERNATIONAL CUBS AND EQUIPMENT
Call the numbers for faster service
Parts 238-1111 Don Badeau
Sales-Service 238-2022 Fred Rollins
EASTON INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT CORP.
785 Washington Street (Route 138) South Boston, Massachusetts
11
METRIC SYSTEM
Continued from Page 9
are using metric units on a limited basis, and hundreds of other com- panies are closely watching the trend toward metrication.
In addition, bills to promote metrication are being introduced in State Legislatures. In Ohio, the move to metric has begun by using a dual system of markings on road signs. And legislation has been introduced in CaUfornia to begin using highway signs with metric measures in 1974.
The shift will not be as difficult as some would suppose. There are several basic units which most people will use in everyday life. They are: the meter, a unit of length; the gram, a unit of weight; the liter, a unit of volume; and the degree Celsius (in common use translated into centigrade degrees), a unit of temperature. Of the remaining basic units, two already are in use. They are the ampere, a unit of electrical current and the second, a unit of time.
The easiest part in using the metric system is converting the basics to larger or smaller measures because every metric unit is related to another by multiples or sub- multiples of 10. For example, there are 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter, 100 centimeters in 1 meter, and 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer.
Moreover, multiples and sub- multiples of the metric system follow a consistent naming scheme. This scheme consists of attaching a prefix to the unit. The three most-used prefixes are miUi, meaning a thousandth; centi, a hundredth; and kilo, 1,000 times. For example, 1 kilogram equals 1,000 grams; 1 kilometer equals 1,000 meters; 1 millimeter equals 1 one-thousandth of a meter.
Other things that will be handy to remember are:
• A meter is about 3 inches longer than a yard;
• A kilogram is roughly twice as heavy as a pound;
• A liter is a little larger than a quart;
12
• A kilometer is somewhat far- ther than a half mile;
• A hectare is about 2Vi acres;
• A metric ton is about equal to a customary long ton;
• And a degree Celsius is about half a degree Fahrenheit after subtracting 32°.
At first glance, these new meas- urements might seem complicated. In reality, the simple terminology and greater flexibility of the metric system make it easy to learn and to use. In fact, much of the time spent on fractions in elementary schools could be used in teaching other subjects. Engineering and scientific calculations based on units of 10 are fast, simple, and often inexpen- sive. The shift to metrication will wiliminate many of the inefficien- cies involved in converting from one measuring system to another in designing products or selling in overseas markets.
For the consumer, metrication will have a major advantage. Prices of items sold by volume, weight, or count will be easier to compare when the monetary and measure- ment systems have the same decimal base. Further, after metrication has been accepted throughout the U. S. Government and business community, savings resulting from increased efficiencies could be passed on to consumers.
METRIC SYSTEM GUIDE AVAILABLE
In anticipation of the U.S. conversion to the metric system, J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. hasjust
announced the publication of the "Metric System Guide - Volume 1." This is the first and only such guide in the United States, and deals with orientation and structure of metrication in this nation.
The executive binder edition provides the basic background in- formation necessary for under- standing and evaluating the prob- lems involved in metrication for America. The "Metric System Guide - Volume I" parallels the announcement by such major in- dustries as General Motors, Inter- national Harvester and the Cali- fornia School System to go metric. Its planning, research and develop- ment have been several years in the making. From introduction to glos- sary, the first volume contains 15 comprehensive parts designed for specific background in metrology. It is first in a series of volumes on the Metric System; to be used individually or collectively.
As a technical publisher for over 20 years, Keller is proud to be the initial publisher to originate tliis type of Guide; to be continuously maintained current. Another ex- clusive will be the addition of a monthly updating pubhcation called the "Metric System Guide Bulletin," designed to present up- to-date metric information.
A fully descriptive brochure relative to the "Metric System Guide - Volume 1" may be ob- tained by phoning 414-722-2848 or by writing J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., 145 West Wis- consin Avenue, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956.
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich.
608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222
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INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
NEW PRODUCTS
COMPACT UNIT COOLER IS ANNOUNCED BY YORK
One of the most compact low- velocity unit coolers available, for use in refrigerated work areas and storage of meat and produce, has been introduced by the York divi- sion of Borg-Warner Corporation.
The LAH and LAHE unit cool- ers are designed to provide cool temperatures while maintaining the high humidity required for such storage. Each is equipped with either an air or electric defrost system.
The design and arrangement of the basic components-cooling coils, drain pan and air handling fans— make the York unit one of the most advanced in design and smallest in the industry compared to models of equivalent capacities, said York engineers.
The largest of the nine available models (26,400 Btuh) is only 78 inches long and less than 25 inches wide to facilitate installation be- tween ceiling rails. The smallest has a capacity of 4,240 Btuh and is 28.5 inches long.
One of the features contributing to this space-saving is the placement of the air-handling fans along the center deck of the unit rather than at the ends.
Room air is drawn in by the fans, blown across the coils on either side of the unit and dis- charged with a low-face velocity parallel to the ceiling.
York claims the center fan deck arrangement, as opposed to the placement of fans at either end, provides a more efficient and even air flow across the coils than that of fans located at either end.
The entire center fan-deck can be removed by hand for easy servicing by loosening slotted
thumbscrews. Retainer clips hold the plate after the screws have been loosened to ensure against the accidental dropping of the plate.
All ratings for the units are verified by testing to ASHRAE Standard 25-68, and the entire LAH and LAHE line has been approved by Underwriter's Labora- tories, Canadian Standards Associa- tion and National Sanitation Foun- dation.
For more information write: Carl Byoir & Associates, Inc., c/o York Division of Borg-Warner Corp., P. 0. Box 1592, York Pennsylvania 17405.
KILLIAN'S C-6 WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Water pollution is going under- ground. To clean up rivers and lakes, industry is dumping filth deep beneath the earth. . .where it seeps into springs and wells. Today, chlorination is the only sure protec- tion against contaminated water. But chemically treated water tastes bad. The Killian's C-6 Water Purifi- cation System restores its natural taste. It takes water from state- approved sources and removes chemical odors and pipeline impur- ities. Water becomes good to drink again.
Measuring a compact 6" x 14" x 22", the hermetically sealed unit can be installed beneath your kitchen sink. It purifies a contin- uous supply of water-up to 100 gallons per day. For most families, ihat's enough for cooking, drinking, pets, and even watering indoor plants.
Two natural methods of filtra- tion are used. A pre-filter cartridge
screens out iron rust, slime, and sediment. Next, water is "poUshed" inside the main unit. MUlions of granules of "aqcarb" activated car- bon instantly removes chlorine, hydrogen dulfide (rotten egg smell), and other foul odors. Water comes out tasting like a mountain spring. Yet all the natural minerals are preserved.
Developed through 22 years of research, the Killian's C-6 employs no chemicals, electricity, or moving parts. It also works without the use of salts,- which makes it perfect for people on a sodium-free diet. Once installed, operation is automatic. The only maintenance required is a simple replacement of the pre-filter cartridge when water pressure drops.
Install the C-6 yourself. All hardware and instructions are sup- plied. A one-year warranty covers all parts except the pre-filter car- tridge. A purchaser may use the unit in his home for 30 days and then return it if not absolutely satisfied. For further details, write: Becker-KilHan's Company, 13218 W. 77th Place, Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66216.
13
CRANBERRY FIRM CHARGED WITH VIOLATING ORDER
A Delaware cranberry firm was charged with failing to comply with state regulations in connection with an abandoned solid waste disposal site, Atty. Gen. Robert W. Warren said.
In the complaint, filed in Wood County Circuit Court, Warren con- tended that Ocean Spray Cranber- ries Inc., failed to replace soil and plant new vegetation at the site.
The complain asks a court order requiring Ocean Spray to comply with the Department of Natural Resources order and asks for up to $5,000 in fines for each day the firm was in violation. The order was issued Dec. 11, 1972.
Reduce Hazards'
Follow this Rinse and Drain Procedure tor Pesticide Containers
Empty container into spray tank Then drain in vertical position for 30 seconds
Add a measured amount of rinse water (or other dilulent) so container is 1/4 to 1/5 full For example one quart in a one-gallon container
Rinse container thoroughly pour into tank and dram 30 sec Repeat three times Add enough fluid to bring tank up to level
Crush pesticide container immediately Sell as scrap for recycling or bury Do not reuse
WIS. CRANBERRY GROWERS
MEETING HELD
JANUARY 10, 1974
The Program was as follows:
MORNING PROGRAM: Louis Rosandick, Chairman. 9:30 a.m., Coffee, milk, rolls. 10:00 a.m., comments on Ethrel, Dr. M. N. Dana, Dept. of Horticulture, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison; grower results and discussion. 10:30 a.m.. Cranberry Product Pro- cessing and Product Development, Dr. K. G. Weckel, Dept. of Food Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 1 1 :00 a.m.. Present status of OSHA and the Energy Situation, Prof. Don Jensen, Dept. of Ag Engineering, University of Wis- consin, Madison. 1 1 :30 a.m.. Status of SAN 109789, M. N. Dana, Dept. of Horticulture, University of Wis- consin, Madison.
Noon lunch was served at the YWCA.
AFTERNOON PROGRAM: G. C. Klingbeil, Chairman. 1:30 p.m., Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers Association Meeting. Dick Get- singer, President. Minutes, financial reports, committee reports, busi- ness, election of officers, etc. 2:30 p.m.. Report on State Market Order, Francis Haugli, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture. 2:45 p.m., Fruit Worm-A Closer Look at the Pest-Jim Thieleke and C. F. Koval, Dept. of Entomology, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison. 3: 15 p.m., 1973 Weather Summary, Hans Rosendal, Weather Bureau, Milwaukee, Wis.
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
14
MAKE IT A CRANTASTIC BRUNCH
For a festive brunch star an elegant dish such as this Cheese and Onion Quiche. Serve with tall glasses of the new frozen, concentrated cranberry orange juice drink garnished with miniature fruit kabobs.
The drink is a brand new and delicious flavor combination now being introduced for the first time in frozen form by Ocean Spray. Cranberry apple drink and Cranberry Juice Cocktail are also now available locally in concentrate form. All three of these new fruit drinks add a bright new taste and lively color to brunch and breakfast menus. They are available in the frozen foods cases in local supermarkets in convenient 6-ounce cans, with Cranorange also available in a 12-ounce can. To reconstitute to 24-ounces of a fresh-tasting fruit drink, simply add three cans of fresh cold water to the 6-ounce cans and stir until well blended.
If you've never tried a Cranberry IBounce, it's high time you remedied the situation! Give a party-guests vill love this cheery cocktail with !ippy flavor.
CRANBERRY BOUNCE (makes 10 to 12 servings)
\ cups Ocean Spray fresh or
frozen cranberries (1 pound) • cups sugar '. cups water
1 cups pineapple juice, chilled ^ cups orange juice, chilled Vi cups vodka or rum Ice cubes (3 to 4 for each glass)
In a large saucepan, mix cran- berries, sugar and water. Bring to a boil and boil hard for 5 minutes. Press cranberries, through a sieve or food mill. Cool to lukewarm. Stir in pineapple juice and orange juice. Stir in vodka or rum and chill until ready to serve. Fill tall glasses with ice cubes. Fill glasses with cranberry mixture. Serve garnished with a stick of pineapple and a half slice of orange, if desired. For those whose diet prohibits alcoholic usage, the Cranberry Bounce can be equally tantalizing by adding 2 cups of soda water.
CHEESE AND ONION QUICHE
(Makes 1 9-inch pie)
1/2 of an 11 ounce package pie crust mix
2 tablespoons butter or margarine 1 large onion, chopped
1 can (4 ounces) sliced mushrooms,
drained 11/2 cups (6 ounces) grated Swiss
cheese
3 eggs
11/2 cups milk 1 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon pepper
Prepare pie crust mix according to package directions. Roll out pie crust large enough to fit the bottom and sides of an ungreased 9-inch pie pan. Flute a high edge. In a small skillet heat butter and saute onion until golden. Place onion, mush- rooms and Swiss cheese into pie shell. In a bowl, beat eggs, milk, salt and pepper. Pour over cheese. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (350
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Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
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15
SOURCE OF INCOME
Continued from Page 1
sources of income. Receipts from dairy products were estimated at $5,482,000, up five percent from 1972. Costs for grain and hay have nearly doubled since 1972, des- troying any chance for an increase in dairymen's net income for 1973.
Receipts from cattle and calves increased sharply during the past year due to the rising of beef cattle prices nationally. Receipts were set at $4,863,000, up 44 percent over 1972. Cash receipts from sheep and wool were up 43 percent over 1972, due to an improvement in the wool market and improved lamb prices.
Cranberry production in Coos county is down slightly from 1972. Smaller than normal berry size on many bogs is considered to be the main cause of this decrease al- though cutworm damage and a June frost were problems at some locations. Estimated county cran- berry production in 1973 is put at almost 86,000 one hundred pound barrels as compared to the 90,000 barrels produced in 1972. However, total value of this year's crop is expected to again be close to 1.1 million dollars as a shght increase in per barrel value to the grower is predicted for all cranberries grown in the United States.
Net farm income to farmers is not expected to rise proportionally due to increased cost of produc- tion, especially spiraling grain ■»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦*♦
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prices. Increased demands for na- tionally and worldwide for food and fiber insures that agriculture will continue as an important source of income to Coos county.
HOMEMADE FORKS FOR USE ON FRONT-END LOADERS
by John S. Norton,
Assoc. Professor,
Cranberry Station,
College of Food and Natural Resources
University of Massachusetts
Many farmers have tractors equipped with front-end loaders. However, many do not have pallet- lifting forks for use with their loaders. In some cases, such forks are available from farm machinery dealers. When forks are not avail- able or when a person might want to take advantage of free time to make his own forks in his own shop, the following plan may be useful. Two structural shapes are suggested for possible use in con- structing the forks. The first shape suggested is structural channel be- cause of its ready availability and because it may be readily tapered to provide a thin tip to the forks to facilitate entry of the forks under a load. The second shape that might be considered, is rectangular struc- tural tubing. Forks made from the tubing would weigh the same as forks made from channel but would have one-third greater load carrying capacity. The forks made from channel would require more fab- rication time because of the greater amount of welding involved. There-
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CALL OSCAR NORTON 617-763-5385
fore, the primary advantages in the use of channel would be availability and the possibility of its being lower in cost than structural tubing.
The plan shows the construction of the channel forks. Details of the tubing forks would be the same, except that the only flat stock used would be that needed for rein- forcing the angle at the rear of the fork and that required to form the hook. Forks made from tubing would be tapered by removing a wedge-shaped piece from the two- inch-wide sides of the tubing, for the desired distance from the tips of the forks, and tlien drawing the lower surface of the tubing up against the remaining side flanges and rewelding to form a tapered tube.
The loads that forks of this design could carry, using A-36 type steel, are as follows: 1000-lbs. at the mid-point, this would afford a factor of safety of approximately 2; a 700-lb. load at the tip of the fork would afford a safety factor of 1.3 for the channel construction and a safety factor of 1 .54 for the tubing construction. A 25-box, pallet-load of cranberries weighs approx- imately 1400 pounds. Equal dis- tribution of the load between two forks would result in a load of 700 pounds for each fork. Loaded pallets would rarely be balanced on the tips of the forks, therefore, the capacity of the forks would not be likely to be exceeded for either design, when handling palletized cranberries. Use of the forks for heavier lifting jobs should be ac- companied with proper considera- tion for their design strength. For example, using a factor of safety of approximately 2, 500 lbs. could be lifted at the tip of the fork, 1000 pounds two feet from tlie tip and 2000 pounds three feet from the tip.
♦ ♦MMMMMMMIMMMMi
% serving llie WISCflNSIH growers %
CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEARS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
UMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
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P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
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How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts New Jersey ^ V\/iscansin 'C.<J Oregon
\A/ashington Canada
i
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CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
-■?^ -^ /o
PHYS'
'AL sen
FEBRUARY 1974
/"/!R ;
'5 1974
The Effect of Light on
Cranberry Seed Germination 3
A Report from the Coonamessett - * ,.
River Study Group 7
LIBRARY SERIALS SECTIC UNIV OF MASS AMHERST MA QIOOS
^ BIBECTDBY lop cpanlierry growers <^
9
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
BIG dividends!
~9
Electricity - key to progress
In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
l->^'*y^j PLYMOUTH, MASS
AN INVISTOR-OWNID, TAXPAYING UTItlTY COMPANY
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUMPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES
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The
CHARLES W. HARRIS^ Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
TRIPLE RINSE REDUCES POTENTIAL PESTICIDE HAZARD
The nagging problem of what to do with empty pesticide containers is still with us, but National Agricultural Chemicals Association has come up with a way to reduce the potential hazard from material left in containers. It's a simple rinse and drain procedure that reduces the potential for contamination of soil and water.
NACA suggests that after normal emptying, the container be allowed to drain into the spray tank in a vertical position for 30 seconds. For best results the container should be rinsed 3 times, allowing 30 seconds for draining after each rinse.
As an additional protective measure, Western Agricultural Chemicals Association is recom- mending that pesticide users make a drain hole in the top of the container just prior to the third rinse so that ALL remaining pesti- cide is allowed to drain off. A low-cost tool called "Posi-Drain" makes this drain hole with a flick of the wrist, and has been approved by the Board of Directors of WACA. For more information on the Posi- Drain tool, write WACA, 111 Capitol Mall, Suite 102, Sacra- mento, Calif. 95814.
Materials used in the Triple Rinse procedure should be easily measurable. Water or other diluting material used in the spray program should be used to rinse the con- tainer. Use one quart for each rinse of a 1-gallon can or jug; a gallon for each 5-gallon can; and 5 gallons for either 30 or 5 5 -gallon drums.
The important point is to drain each rinse into the spray tank before filling it to the desired level.
This triple rinse procedure in- sures that the pesticide user will get full benefit from his pest control dollar and protect the environment at the same time. Used containers which have been rinsed and drained then are ready for disposal accord- ing to local standards or ordinances. NACA says the pest control job is not completed until the used con-
tainer is rinsed properly and dis- posed of in accordance with local policy.
Single copies of a free Triple Rinse instruction sticker to attach to spray equipment are available by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope to Safety Division, Na- tional Agricultural Chemicals As- sociation, 1155 15th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Empty container into spray tank Then drain in vertical position for 30 seconds
Add a measured amount of rinse water (or other dilulent) so container is 1/4 to 1/5 full For example, one quart in a one-gallon container
PLASTIC NETTING
FOR
SUCTION BOXES
Cranberry Growers Service, Inc.
Little Harbor Road
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Ken Beaton - 295-2207
Rinse container thoroughly, pour into tank, and dram 30 sec Repeat three times Add enough fluid to bring tank up to level
Crush pesticide container immediately Sell as scrap for recycling or bury Do not reuse
FOR SALE
MUST SELL
TO SETTLE ESTATE
208 PFD SHARES OCEAN SPRAY STOCK
MAKE AN OFFER TEL. 1-617-295-1580
COMPLETE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Complete installed sprinkler systems with a guarantee of near even pressures throughout the entire system. Recent installations vary less than two pounds pressure from pump to end of the longest line. This gives even application of pesticides and better quality of berries when picked.
Sprinkler system installed on a turn-key basis with a two crop year guarantee using HALE PUMPS, RAIN BIRD Sprinklers, Aluminum mains or completely buried PVC protected against vandalism.
CHARLES W. HARRIS CO. INC.
451 Old Somerset Ave. North Dighton, Mass. 02764 Tel. 617-824-5607
A MOST COMPLETE INVENTORY OF IRRIGATION ACCESSORIES
LABCI
X ^ ENGINEERING & IRRIGATION, INC. /^/
y 11 LARCHMONT AVENUE, LEXINGTON, MASS. (617) 862-2550
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
FOR EXAMPLE:
Gorman-Rupp Self Priming Electric Sprinkler Pumps Proven Quick Couple Riser Ingersoll-Rand Water Harvest Pumps Aluminum Insert Coupling For 4 "Poly Pipe
Contact:
Larchmont Engineering
Pha Tropeano, Lexington, Mass,
862-2550 (CaUCoUect)
®
Contact:
Bill Steams, Plymouth, Mass.
746-6048
746-2610
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
GENERAL
536 Volume 1, Number 1 -Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1,00
964 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1.75
1264 Washington Experiment Station 1,75
965 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1.75
1065 Our Changing Value in Cranberry Culture 1.50
366 New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1,75
966 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1,75
1066 Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1,25
1 1 66 New J ersey Research Center at Oswego 1 .50
1266 Whitesbog, New Jersey ', 1,50
567 Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 190TL) 1,75
767 Daniel James Crowley, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25
867 Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50
568 New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50
668 New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50
768 Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50
768a History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 1.75
868a ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1%8 1.25
1168 Recipe for Modern Handling 1.50
369a ACGANewJersey Meeting, 1969 1.25
Continued on Page 1 7
THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON CRANBERRY SEED GERMINATION
by Robert M. Devlin and Stanislaw J. Karczmarczyk
Introduction
References to a possible influ- ence of light on seed germination can be found in the writings of Ingenhousz and Senebier as far back as the latter half of the eighteenth century (Black, 1969). However, the fact that some seeds are light sensitive did not become firmly estabhshed until the work of Flint and McAlister (1935), Evenari and his co-workers (1952, 1957), and the Beltsville group (Borth- wick, Hendricks, Parker, Toole and Toole, 1952). It was in the use of light sensitive lettuce seeds that the Beltsville group discovered the phytochrome system (Borthwick et al., 1952).
The present study reports on the [influence of light on cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) seed igermination. Cranberry seeds col- lected at harvest are dormant even under favorable temperature and water conditions. Data collected in this study show that imbibed cran- berry seeds are light sensitive, germinating when exposed to a prolonged period of light.
Materials and Methods
Seeds were removed from freshly harvested cranberries, soaked for 24 hours in distilled water and then placed in petri dishes containing 3 pads of filter •paper (Whatman No. 1 , 9 cm) and 5 ml water. Each dish held 50 seeds and one of the pads of filter paper was used to cover the seeds. The dishes were then sealed in plastic
bags to retard evaporation. Con- stant conditions of light (1000 ft-c) and temperature (25'Xr) were main- tained by allowing .the seed to germinate in a Percival growth chamber (Model E-540). Since light in the growth chamber had to penetrate the plastic bag, glass cover of the petri dish, and the pad of filter paper covering the seeds considerably less then 1000 ft-c actually reached the seeds. After 20 days in the petri dish and various periods of exposure to light, germ- ination of the seeds was recorded. Each treatment was replicated 4 times.
Results and Discussion
Only 1% of the seeds germinated after 20 days in the dark and only 4% germination was observed when they were exposed to one day of light followed by 19 days in the dark (Table 1). However, the sensi- tivity of cranberry seeds to light was quite obviously demonstrated after 3 and 5 days of light exposure, the 3-day treatment giv- ing 31% and the 5-day treatment giving 90% germination. Maximum germination (97%) was reached when the seeds were subjected to 8 days of light followed by 12 days in the dark (Table 1).
Continued on Page 1 6
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting -- 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
iiiffiD. NEWS
WASBIN6T0N
KOCIDE 101 (83%) WP has been granted Washington State reg- istration for the control of fruit rot on cranberries. It is a copper fungicide fround to be as effective as bordeaux and can be applied through the sprinkler system. It is recommended for application at the rate of 8 lb/A early in March, repeated at popcorn and hook stage.
DO NOT COMBINE BOR- DEAUX MIXTURE OR KOCIDE WITH ANY OTHER CHEMICAL. BOTH ARE CORROSIVE TO METAL AND GALVANIZED PIPES.
DIFOLATAN (4F) was cleared for usage last May for control of blossom blight and fruit rot in cranberries. It is recommended to be applied at the rate of 1 gal/ A at each appUcation at popcorn, hook stage and blossom fall. DO NOT APPLY: later than early fruit set, it may cause offensive odor to fruit; more than three applications per year; within 50 days of harvest.
The EPA granted Sandoz- Wander Company a temporary ex- perimental permit for the usage of San-9789 for the control of certain annual and perennial weeds growing in cranberry bogs. The company has selected a name for the new chemical, "EVITAL." It is granular, contains 5% active ingredient. Ap- ply EVITAL as a dry granular treatment through any suitable equipment that will insure uniform coverage, in the first part of April and before popcorn stage.
EVITAL recommended dosage rates and weeds controlled:
80 lb/A - Annual bluegrass and barnyard grass
120 lb/ A - Rice cutgrass (sickle- grass)
160 lb/ A - Buttercup, saltgrass, nutgrass, 3-square rush, spikerush.
No more than 240/A should be appUed to an established bog in any one year. Such a dosage may cause pinkish tips. This can be corrected with 5-10 lb nitrogen according to vine vegetation.
First Aid Safety Education clas- ses are in progress for local growers. Grayland and North Beach mem- bers attended three six-hour day sessions on Jan. 28, 30 and Feb. 1 with 32 responding. An evening class is set for Tuesday and Thurs- day evenings from 7:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. for three weeks begin- ning Feb. 5th. To date 20 have signed up, class to meet at the Grayland Grange Hall.
Long Beach growers will have one section Tuesday and Thursday evenings for three weeks beginning Feb. 12th, at the Coastal Washing- ton Unit, Long Beach.
The Annual Cranberry Field day will be held at the Coastal Washing- ton Research & Extension Unit, Saturday, June 29th. A full day of activity is planned.
♦♦♦♦in >'>>»'>H-I H-H'*-»4">*
NOVA SCOTIA
_■._»_»-• »■ •- • • ^-■-AitiAAiIiAittAfi iliA AAJi ▼ ▼'!■ F'I"FVTT • I i I Vl"l' 4 i • rXTXV
The mean temperature at 22.1° in January was very near the 50-year average of 21.6. Sunshine for the month was 81.4 hours slightly more than the 50-year average of 75.0 hours.
Recently we published a paper in Can. Plant Disease Survey en- titled, "Yield Losses in Cranberry in Nova Scotia, 1969-72" and copies are available on request.
♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦it'll 1 1 l'»i
NEW JERSEY
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦■I !♦♦♦♦♦♦
Weather in January was very mild and wetter than normal. The average temperature for the month j was 36.5 degrees which is 3.7 ! degrees warmer than normal. Rain- fall totaled 3.72 inches, about a half inch above normal. There was no appreciable snow.
A "January thaw" period ex- tended from the 1 6th to the end of the month with temperatures fre- quently in the high fifties and sixties. The extremes in tempera- ture were 70 degrees on the 27th and 6 degrees on the 14th.
Soil temperatures have remained unusually high for this time of year. At the one-inch level it has re- mained unfrozen as of January 31st. Readings above 50 degrees F were recorded at the one-inch soil level from January 23rd to the end of the month. During this period the temperature at the four-inch level remained above 40 degrees. Maximums were 59 degrees F on January 27th at the one-inch level and 47 degrees F at the four-inch level on the same date.
The winter flood on cranberry bogs has remained open for most of the winter through January 31st with very little ice developing. The dissolved oxygen content of the tloodwater has remained near satur- ation for much of the time.
»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦#<< I m 1 1 n *♦♦
WISCONSIN
As of January 4, snow depths in Wisconsin averaged 6'/^ inches, about an inch less than a year earlier. The northern half of the State has between 6 to 14 inches of snow on the ground while depths in the south range from 3 to 4 inches.
Farmers in Wisconsin are looking ahead to the 1974 crop season with
Continued on Page 13
D
Issue of February 1974 I Volume 38 -No. 10
Some Vital Paperwork
Growers who estimate on-farm fuel requirements will exceed 1973 base period usage have got some paperwork to do— two and a half pages to be exact. Form FEO 17, issued by Federal Energy Office, is available from local Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service offices. A history of both 1972 and 1973 fuel usage must be presented, plus an estimate of 1974 needs (some universities have issued estimates of fuel requirements for specific farm operations). Request for additional fuel must be justified by new equipment, additional acreage, etc. Turn the completed form over to your distributor by March 15. He hands it over to his supplier— this is the only way distributor can get HIS allocation increased.
Order Now for 1976
That's just about what it boils down to, according to one manufacturer of farm machinery. To assure himself sufficient equipment, the grower must plan programs a year or two in advance. Tractors and planters seem to be in shortest supply. Manufacturers don't know from one day to the next what they will be able to get and, therefore, what or when they can deliver. Much of the difficulty is in obtaining component parts.
New Pest Heard From
A new pest has arrived. The Japanese beetle was a problem a few years ago; the gypsy moth is leaving a trail of devastation far more serious. Now comes the monk parrot.
The monk parrot is a bird about the size of a pigeon, and it can become one of the most destructive pests if it becomes established. It eats fruits and vegetables, and can also devour grain.
It is vicious ... it attacks other birds, and is beheved to even successfully resist attack by hawks and falcons.
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
P advisors - correspondents -|
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class posUge paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal UJS. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Mass.
Crankerrir
Station
I Field Notes
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension crenberry specialiat
Personals
Dr. Robert Devlin attended the Technical Committee Meeting of NE-55, a northeastern regional pro- ject on aquatic weeds, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on Janu- ary 7-8.
Dr. Devlin also attended the meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society in Philadelphia on January 9-10. Bob presented a paper "Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on the Uptake of Nap- talam by Potamogeton." This is a report of treatment with growth regulators to increase the uptake of herbicide, in this case alanap, by the aquatic plants American pond- weed and sago pondweed.
Charts
The cranberry pesticide charts have been revised and are at the printers. We hope to have them mailed to the growers the first week in March. The assistance and obser- vations of the growers who helped with the chart revisions are greatly appreciated. The fertilizer chart was revised this year and will be sent along with the others. Anyone not receiving charts should contact the Cranberry Station.
♦ ♦♦♦»MMMM»tMM»»»MM
FOR SALE
5 WESTERN PICKERS A-1 CONDITION
CALL OSCAR NORTON 617-763-5385
♦ MMMOMMMMMMMM*^
Weather
January ended up 1.1 degrees a day above normal, but it needed a heat wave the last 10 days to do it. Maximum temperature was 57 de- grees on the 27th and minimum an even 0 degrees on the 14th. Cooler than average periods occurred from the 2-5 th, 8-9th, 12-1 3th, 17-1 8th and 20th. The entire period from the 21st to the 31st was warmer than average.
Precipitation totaled 5.44 inches, which is 1-1/8 inches above normal. There was measurable pre- cipitation on 13 days with the largest storm on the 10-1 1th with 1.80 inches. Snowfall totaled 15.7 inches for the month which is slightly more than double the
average. Snow occurred on 4 days with 7.2 inches on the 10-1 1th as the greatest. We recorded a "trace" of snow on January 3rd and a measurable amount on January 4th for the first time this winter. This is the second latest date of snowfall in our records, the latest occurring on January 17, 1928, for a "trace" and January 30, 1928 for a measurable amount.
Green Scum
Growers are reminded that Feb- ruary and March are the time of year to check bogs for the presence of green scum around shore ditches. If present it should be treated as outlined on your weed chart.
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
|
|
Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
|
|
Ken Beaton — |
295-2207 |
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The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specialimg in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
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•WATERHOLE CONST. |
• COMPLETE BOG |
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• WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
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• WATER HARVEST |
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• FLUME REPAIR |
• SANDING |
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• AUXILIARY UNIT |
• HARVESTING |
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The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
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pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
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a farm tractor or any other |
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vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
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24". 150 to 24,000 gaUons |
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per minute. |
A REPORT FROM THE COONAMESSETT RIVER STUDY GROUP .
Relatively few cranberry bogs in Massachusetts have active streams or rivers flowing through them. Those which do, have a special problem when insect pests threaten to des- troy the crop for it is difficult to spray the pests without spraying the flowing water. When the flow of the stream is sizeable, it cannot be stopped or impounded without tlooding the bog, and flooding during the growing season destroys the crop. The "Study Group" decided to monitor the effects of good agricultural practices on the Coonamessett River and the bog owned by the Falmouth Conserva- tion Commission as perhaps the most difficult situation in the cranberry industry in which to use agricultural chemicals without dis- turbing estuarine fish and shellfish immediately downstream. If it could be done in this case, other situations in the Massachusetts cranberry industry should be rela- tively simple to cope with.
Figure 1. shows the layout of the Coonamessett River, the 44 acres of cranberry bogs through which it tlows, and finally Great Pond, the estuary into which it flows where valuable finfish and shellfish resources are located. The grower who leases and operates the cranberry bogs from the Commis- sion replaced the conventional 360° rotary sprinkler heads with part- circle heads along the river, a distance of about one mile. The object was to avoid as far as possible any sprinkling of the river itself when parathion was injected through the system for necessary insect pest control. Some 58 part- circle heads were placed along the two sides of the river and adjusted to do this.
The lowermost bog is about one-half mile above the junction of the river and Great Pond. The stream bed is approximately twelve
feet wide, the water 10 to 15 inches deep, and the average volume of water flowing through the bog area varies between 7,000 and 11,000 gallon's per minute.
Within the brackish portion of
STATION 1
Great Pond the common resident faunal species are the baitfishes, mummichogs (Fundulus sp.) and Atlantic silversides (Menedia men- edia), the arthropod blue claw crab (Callinectes sapidus), and the soft-
STATION 2 - -
STATION 7
SAMPLING STATIONS
Figure 1
-shell clam (Mya arenarid).
The objectives of the study group were essentially two: (1) a biological study to determine whether or not the cranberry fruit- worm could be controlled effec- tively with an E.P.A. -registered parathion spray at 1 lb. per acre without causing injury or death to caged mummichogs and crabs, or to existing living soft-shelled clams in the Great Pond estuary, and (2) a careful analytical study to discover how much reduction in water-borne parathion could be achieved by adopting good agricultural prac- tices.
To achieve these objectives a large amount of careful work was required demanding cooperative ef- fort from many individuals in the Department of Natural Resources, the Cranberry Experiment Station and Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc. Three tests or treatments were made with all they entailed-the taking of water samples before and after sprinkling, the seining and caging of mummichogs and their placement in the upper end of Great Pond, the digging of clams before and after treatment, the prompt delivery of samples to the Cranberry Station and then ship- ment to the laboratories for analy- sis. A further point deserves men- tion, the applications of parathion were made at night when the wind was calm to assure an even coverage from the sprinkler operation and to reduce wind-borne drift. The treat- ments also were made at low tide so that any parathion getting into the river would be concentrated and held by the incoming tide in the upper end of Great Pond where the test organisms were concentrated. In other words, the tests were made as rigorous as possible.
Results. None of the caged mummichogs died or showed any symptoms of injury during any of the three tests. None of the clams dug showed any signs of injury or
death during any of the three tests. The crabs that we intended to use as part of the biological testing were hard to find, but one was found and included in the cage at Station 6, surviving all three tests. Professor Tomlinson, who in- spected the bogs to appraise the fruit-worm infestation before each spraying and to record the control achieved after each spraying, re- ports that swimming trout were observed throughout the test period in the river, below the bogs, between stations 5 and 6. In other words, no dead or injured organ- isms were observed throughout the tests. Needless to say, the many workers on this project were elated at this evidence that good agricul- tural practices appear to conserve the fishing and shellfishing inter- ests.
The analytical results are equally encouraging, though they are less easy to relate to non-scientists. In the first place, it is important to
realize that modern analytical equipment can detect amazingly small amounts of substances and that these small amounts can be widely disseminated in the environ- ment. They become "pollutants" or "contaminants" only when their concentrations are great enough to cause harm. Hence, the Environ- mental Protection Agency allows up to 1/10 part per million (ppm) of parathion in drinking water and 1 ppm on many fruit and vegetable crops and many feed grains— be- cause at these levels such residues are not known to cause harm.
With the above in mind, and with analyses being made at the Cranberry Experiment Station, the Cat Cove Laboratory of the Depart- ment of Natural Resources at Salem, Massachusetts, and at the Wisconsin Alumnae Research Foun- dation in Madison, Wisconsin, to validate and confirm the results of each, the greatest amount of para- thion found in any of the fish or shellfish samples throughout the
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three tests was 0.23 ppm in finfish (Station 6). The greatest amount in clams was 0.17 ppm (Station 7). It is significant that fish and clams (constantly siphoning water and capable of concentrating pesticides in their fatty tissues) should actu- ally concentrate parathion to a level no higher than 1/4 ppm or 1/4 the residue allowed on food crops. The above residues soon declined to levels near the limit of detecta- bility.
The methods of analysis used, the means and rapidity of handling
the samples and the actual analyti- cal results from the three labora- tories are all available at the Cranberry Experiment Station. These all show a reduction of 50% in the parathion content of river water as a result of using part-circle sprinkler heads. That any parathion gets into the river is thought to get there through the atmosphere by the so-called aerosol effect. Work is already in process at the Cranberry Station studying various foams and drift inhibitors hopeful that para- thion can be further inhibited from
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migrating from the area of its usefulness.
Finally, this study in all candor makes no claim that phytoplankton was not injured or that larval forms of invertebrates were uninjured. We don't know yet, and it will require much time, money, and cooperative effort to find out. We are trying to work out the details of good agricultural practice. We are work- ing on these problems, and this report should be regarded as a progress report.
Members of the Study Group
A. Carr, DNR
J. Fiske, DNR
P. Morse, Ag Chemical Sales
J. Tillotson,
Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. C. Cross, Cranberry Station I. Demoranville, Cranberry Station K. Deubert, Cranberry Station W. TomUnson, Cranberry Station
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For the third year the National Cranberry Association has spon- sored a meeting open to all cran- berry growers at the N.J. Farmers' Week in Trenton. During this week 46 agricultural associations held annual meetings and various depart- ments of the State Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Station present pro- grams of special interest to New Jersey farmers. E. V. Lipman of NCA stressed the importance and value of the pending conferences on integration between the National and the Exchange. He urged that all growers lend their full support to this movement.
Cranberries have traditionally always gone with the turkey. The move to make the consumer con- scious that cranberry sauce goes well with chicken is also a good one, unless too much emphasis is laid upon this angle. But how about cranberries and fish? There are many kinds of fish and many people eat fish as it is relatively cheap. We believe cranberry sauce adds a tart taste which goes well with fish.
Wisconsin had extreme cold in the latter part of January. One night the reading was 22 below, and there were several nights of 10-15 below.
Much interest has been created in the cranberry world through the introduction of a new cellophane packing machine, complete with automatic sealer, which will be put out under the name of the Hayden Separator Manufacturing Co. of Wareham, Mass. It was devised by Emil C. St. Jacques and his son, Robert.
A cooperative farm radio pro- gram for southeastern Massachu- setts is one of the features of the new radio station, WBKA, 1450 kilocycles, Brockton, Mass. Farm organizations with the cooperation of the Plymouth County Extension Service are sponsoring a daily farm show from 12 noon to 12:30 p.m., Monday through Saturday. The initiative for this program is credited to J. T Brown, director of the Plymouth County Extension Service. He is assisted by an advisory committee, each member of which is responsible for one day each week.
Coos Cranberry Co-op, meeting at Bandon, Oregon, January 23, re-elected Ray Bates as president. Other officers chosen were: vice- president, George V. Cox, who succeeds J. K. Baker; E. A. Grant re-elected secretary -treasurer; dir- ectors, Reuben Lyons, Coos Bay, and Jess Pullen succeeding Charles St. Sure and the late Raymond Wilson.
Elwell Chabot, new president of the Long Beach Peninsula Cran- berry Club, presided for the first time at the meeting which was held recently. Mrs. Mary Morton re- signed as secretary of the club and Mrs. Bea Mac Arthur was elected to that office for 1949.
A shortage of quality white pine in Plymouth County, Massachu- setts, is to be expected within a few years, Charles Cherry, district fore- ster, reported at a recent meeting. Under present methods the cutting is twice as fast as the growth. This is interesting to growers of that foremost cranberry -producing county, as growers own a great deal of woodland.
D. J. Crowley of Long Beach attended the Western Spray Confer- ence at Portland, Oregon, in the latter part of January. At this meeting were research workers from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Montana, Colorado, Utah, British Columbia. There were also representatives of the USDA and some from the chemistry divisions to emphasize the lethal qualities of some of the new insecticides.
The cranberry-apple pie contest at Union Agricultural meeting, Wor- cester, Massachusetts, was of inter- est to more than the women sending pies to compete. In honor of the contest the Newcomb Bak- ery of Quincy baked and sent up a pie that surely was immense. It was on display in the Hotel Sheraton during the day of the main banquet, and that night was cut and servings given to all who wanted to taste it. The next day that pie, which was five feet in the re- mainder was given to the St. Anne's orphanage in Worcester.
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10
Fuel allocation rules and regula- tions as set by the Federal Energy Office (FEO) have been released. In general, they spell out the fact that for propane, butane, motor gasoline and middle distillates, agriculture has been designated to receive 100 percent of current requirements. We understand that these rules will be in effect at least through April 30, 1974.
Again we emphasize that the priority applies to agricultural pro- duction, and not to the private use of the farmer. You are assured gasohne for your tractor, but not for your family car.
Yes, there is a form you can fill out and submit to the FEO in order to determine your fuel supply. This form must be completed by your supplier, too, so he may be identi- fied as a bona fide suppher of priority fuel. The form is known as FEO form 1 7 1 and is available from the regional FEO office at 150 Causeway Street, Boston, Mass. 02114.
You should know that the FEO is working on a plan under which you will be required to certify that you have an energy conservation plan in effect. In order for agricul- ture to have this super-priority, an active program of energy conserva- tion must be maintained. Just how this will be qualified is not yet clear, but we understand USDA and the ASCS are working on some kind of program.
Any farmer who is having prob- lems obtaining fuel for his farming operation should fill out FEO form 17, and have his supplier fill out the iippropriate lines on this form. The r"orm should then be sent to Federal Energy Office, 150 Causeway St., Boston, Mass. 02114.
If you buy your gas from a local -etail gas station, we suggest you fill
out FEO form 17, have your gas station sign it, and forward it to FEO through his supplier. This should assure your gas station of enougli fuel for your agricultural needs.
Open burning permits for forest debris (not grass or leaves) may be issued this year during the period February 15 to March 15 in southeastern Mass. and during March 1 5 to April 1 5 in the rest of the state. Permits may be obtained from the town forest warden or the fire chief on days of normal atmospheric conditions.
We have received many requests for copies of the newly enacted Farmland Assessment Act. A spe- cial printing of the act has been completed for Farm Bureau mem- bers, and a copy of this bill is yours for the asking. Simply send your name and address, clearly printed, to: FARMLAND BILL, Mass. Farm Bureau Fed., Box 455, Waltham, Mass. 02154.
Animal and Machinery excise tax forms are available at your state Farm Bureau office, if you need them. These forms must be filed by March 1st. If you need some copies, phone us at (617) 893-2600, or write to: Mass. Farm Bureau Fed., Box 455 , Waltham, Mass. 02 1 54.
Snowmobile insurance makes good sense these days, thanks to Farm Family insurance service. A single policy can be arranged to cover all risks, including out-of- state use, and reasonable rates are now possible. Snowmobile insur- ance is available to Farm Bureau members. Contact your nearby Farm FamUy agent.
Tax tip from your Farm Bureau records service: Have you consi- dered income averaging for this year's taxes? This alternative may be for you if this year's income is
higher than the average over the last four years. With farm prices up this year, you may find a savings possible. The way it works is that if your taxable income for this year is over 120 percent of the average of the last four years, and is over $3000, the income above the $3000 is taxed at the same rate as the first fifth of it.
Most income is eligible for this method. Income from long term capital gains, wagering, and gifts are now included in averagable income. About the only kind not eUgible is that from premature or excessive payments from self-employed re- tirement plans and trust accumula- tions included in income under a special limitation on tax.
If you use this system, you may not, however, use the alternative capital gains rate also.
For more information call Jay Slattery at the state Farm Bureau office, (617) 893-2600.
Had your insurance checkup? So many hidden problems have been uncovered through this thorough analysis of your total insurance picture; lack of wills, insufficient coverage, expired policies to name just a few. It makes good sense to take a good, close look at your own situation. If you haven't been contacted, call your nearest Farm Bureau insurance service office and make an appointment.
OSHA re-entry standards have been declared invalid by the U.S. Court of Appeals in New Orleans. Reacting to a lawsuit, the court ruled that no emergency existed in this area, and that evidence indi- cates no emergency standards are necessary. The court noted that protection of employees was essen- tial, but that this should be ac- complished without eliminating the agricultural enterprise and the as- sociated jobs. --
HOMEMADE FORKS FOR USE ON FRONT-END LOADERS
Many farmers have tractors equipped with front-end loaders. However, many do not have pallet- Ufting forks for use with their loaders. In some cases, such forks are available from farm machinery dealers. When forks are not avail- able or when a person might want to take advantage of free time to make his own forks in his own shop, the following plan may be useful. Two structural shapes are suggested for possible use in con- structing the forks. The first shape suggested is structural channel be- cause of its ready availability and because it may be readily tapered to provide a thin tip to the forks to facilitate entry of the forks under a load. The second shape that might be considered, is rectangular struc- tural tubing. Forks made from the tubing would weigh the same as forks made from channel but would have one-third greater load carrying capacity. The forks made from channel would require more fab- rication time because of the greater amount of welding involved. There-
The plan shows the construction of the channel forks. Details of the tubing forks would be the same, except that the only flat stock used would be that needed for rein- forcing the angle at the rear of the fork and that required to form the hook. Forks made from tubing would be tapered by removing a wedge-shaped piece from the two- inch-wide sides of the tubing, for the desired distance from the tips of the forks, and then drawing the lower surface of the tubing up against the remaining side flanges and rewelding to form a tapered tube.
The loads that forks of this design could carry, using A-36 type steel, are as follows: 1000-lbs. at the mid-point, this would afford a factor of safety of approximately 2; a 700-lb. load at the tip of the fork
12
by John S. Norton,
Assoc. Professor,
Cranberry Station,
College of Food and Natural Resources
University of Massachusetts
would afford a safety factor of 1.3 for the channel construction and a safety factor of 1.54 for the tubing construction. A 25-box, pallet-load of cranberries weighs approx- imately 1400 pounds. Equal dis- tribution of the load between two forks would result in a load of 700 pounds for each fork. Loaded
4"XI 5/8'.' 5.4 LB./FT. CHANNEL
pallets would rarely be balanced on the tips of the forks, therefore, the capacity of the forks would not be likely to be exceeded for either design, when handling palletized cranberries. Use of the forks for heavier lifting jobs should be ac- companied with proper considera- tion for their design strength. For example, using a factor of safety of approximately 2, 500 lbs. could be lifted at the tip of the fork, 1000 pounds two feet from the tip and 2000 pounds three feet from the tip.
1 "°°
/4" X 4" FLAT WELDED TO CHANNEL
SECTION "A-A" — scale: I": 4" CROSS-SECTION OF FORK AT FULL DEPTH OF CHANNEL
TAPER OUTER 3' OF FORK FROM FULL DEPTH TO 3/4" THICK
l/4"X4"
FLAT HOOK FOR ATTACH- ING FORK TO OPPER LIP OF LOADER BU'CKET
-|/4"X 4" FLAT, WELDED TO FLANC-- ES OF 4"X I 5/8'.' 5.4 LB. CHANNEL
1/4" THICK GUSS- ET PLATE WELDED TO BOTH SIDES OK FORK
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WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 4
a degree of uncertainty due to shorter supplies and hi^er prices for fuel, fertilizer, feed, seed and other items needed in their fanning operations.
Temperatures averaged 15 to 20 degrees below normal during the bitter cold of January 6 to 12. Afternoon highs even remained below zero in the west and north during that week. Precipitation was light and intermittent in the north but 4 inches of snow fell in the southeast on the 8th and again on the 10th, with locally more near Lake Michigan. Temperatures began moderating on the 1 3th and for the past week averaged 10 to 14 degrees above normal. No below zero readings were recorded during the week of the 1 3th. The warmest temperatures occurred on the 16th when parts of southern Wisconsin were in the 50's. Precipitation was light during the week but became heavier over the weekend, falling as drizzle and rain in the south and a mixture of rain, sleet, and snow in the north. One to three inches of snow fell in the extreme north on Sunday. Weekly precipitation totals ranged from Vi i.ich water equiv- alent in the northwest to P/4 inches in the southeast.
CLARENCE SEARLES ELECTED
At the annual meeting of the Cranberry Institute, Clarence A. Searles of Wisconsin Rapids was elected Vice President and Treas- urer.
The Institute is active in pro- grams of special interest to the cranberry industry, both in the United States and overseas.
Mr. Searles has been a director of the Institute since it was founded in 1951. He also represents the cooperative cranberry growers of Wisconsin as a council member to the Cranberry Marketing Com- mittee which administers the Cran- berry Marketing Order.
Searles is affiliated with exten- sive cranberry growing interests in Wisconsin and has been active in civic affairs in his home area in central Wisconsin.
REVIEW OF THE "NORTON" CRANBERRY CROP FORECAST FOR 1973
John S. Norton
College of Food and Natural Resources,
Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
The Norton forecast was pub- lished in the August and Septem- ber, 1973 issues of Cranberries, under the title "Speculation and Musings on Possible Effect of Weather During Bloom on Mass. Cranberry Crop." I refer to it as the Norton forecast, rather than the Cranberry Station forecast, because I would not want to imply that anyone else at the Cranberry Sta- tion would be so foolhardy as to issue in print a crop forecast based solely on temperature and sunshine during the cranberry bloom period.
The forecast for 1973 is pre- sented on page 13 of the August issue of Cranberries. The figure arrived at, based on analysis of temperature and sunshine data be- tween June 15 and July 20 was 1 milhon, ten thousand barrels. In calculating this forecast during the week of July 22, it was obviously impossible to predict the losses that would occur from that time until the harvest was complete. There- fore, it seems appropriate to review my forecast now and adjust for drastic growing season losses to check the validity of the forecast.
Two rather large modifications must be made, which narrow the gap between the forecast and the amount actually delivered to the handlers. These adjustments may either be added to the delivery
figure or subtracted from the fore- cast figure. Since they represent losses of berries that had developed, I will add them to the actual delivery. According to the USDA Crop Report, 890,000 barrels of cranberries were deUvered to the handlers. The loss of Early Blacks to scald was severe. This loss is estimated at 60,000 barrels. One grower lost 5,000 barrels to flood- ing. And an adjustment must be made for water-harvesting. My guess in July was that 400,000 barrels of berries would be water- harvested, causing an upward ad- justment of the potential crop of 160,000 barrels (40% of 400,000). Since only 320,000 barrels were water harvested, the water-harvest adjustment should only have been 128,000, or 32,000 barrels less than
my upward adjustment. This 32,000 should then be added to growing season losses in this re- conciliation. Therefore the total adjustment to the delivered crop should be: 60,000 bbl. for scald, 5,000 bbl. for flooding and 32,000 bbl. for overestimation of water- harvest, or a total of 97,000 barrels. Adding 97,000 to 890,000 makes 987,000 barrels. This leaves an error in my July forecast for the 1973 crop of 23,000 barrels or 2.3%.
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With Casoronf the cold weather weed killer. How it works.
CASORON works best if it's applied after one killing frost has occurred. Cranberries should be allowed to settle and recover after harvesting operations— and then it's time to go to work on next year's weeds, rushes and sedges.
Applied to the soil, CASORON remains ready until the conditions that cause weeds to grow— warmer temperatures and soil moisture — activate it. Then, CASORON releases a "Gas Blanket' at a controlled rate, killing weeds two ways: by inhibiting the growth of annual weeds as the seeds germinate, and by absorption through the roots and shoots of perennial weeds, preventing further growth.
One CASORON application a year — between November and April — effectively controls weeds like: Bracken Fern, Royal Fern, Sensitive Fern, Hair Cap Moss, Rushes, Common Horsetail, Dodder, and Water Horsetail— a total of 40 annual and perennial weeds, rushes and sedges common to cranberry bogs.
Easy application
CASORON is available as a granular formulation, G-4 (4% granules), in two mesh sizes — 8/16 and 16/30. CASORON granules can be applied with any cranberry granular equipment, and CASORON is also registered for helicopter application on cranberry bogs.
Caution: Read the label carefully, and use only as directed. 3-21 17
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The cold wither
14
PUT A BIT OF RED INTO ST. PAT'S DAY WITH CRANBERRIES
Of the many customs that have been brought to America and become a part of its "melting pot," none is perhaps more vibrant and gay than the celebration of St. Patrick's Day. Whether our native origin be Italian, Scandinavian or Chinese, somehow on March 17th we all find a spark of that special Irish spirit within us. We even put on a touch of green, and are enchanted by the Ulting sounds of Irish tunes as the parade marches by. Sure 'tis true, all the eyes that smile upon the scene are not necessarily Irish.
So celebrate the occasion with hearty and wholesome food that might very well be served in an Irish cottage. To the glow of the green add the sweet tart taste of cranberries in a bagpipe full of recipes which will spark the appetite and not stretch those green bills too far.
CASSIDY'S CRANBERRY GLAZED MUTTON CHOPS
(Serves 6)
6 mutton chops
Salt, pepper and onion powder
1 can (1 pound) Ocean Spray jellied cranberry sauce, cubed
2 tablespoons prepared mustard
2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 small onion, minced
Sprinkle mutton chops with salt, pepper and onion powder on both sides. Broil chops slowly until cooked to desired degree of done- ness. In a saucepan combine re- maining ingredients and heat until bubbly and sauce is melted, stirring occasionally. Spoon sauce over chops and broil again until glaze is bubbly. Serve chops on a bed of cooked, sHced potatoes and onions. Serve remaining glaze in a sauce dish to spoon over chops.
CRANBERRY SODA BREAD
(Makes 1 loaf)
3 cups biscuit mix
1 cup all-purpose flour 1/3 cup butter or margarine 1/4 cup sugar 1/2 cup raisins
1 tablespoon caraway seeds (op- tional) 1/2 cup Ocean Spray cranberry- orange relish legg 1/2 cup milk
Combine biscuit mix and flour. Cut in butter until particles are very fine. Stir in sugar, raisins and caraway seeds. In a bowl mix relish, !gg and milk. Add cranberry mix- ture all at once to dry ingredients and stir until well blended. Place dough on a heavily floured board and knead until smooth. Shape
dough into a large smooth ball and
place into a greased 9-inch pie pan. Cut a large cross about 1/2 inch deep in top of dough. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (37 5*^ for 40 to 45 minutes or until loaf sounds hollow when thumped and is richly browned. Cool loaf thor- oughly before cutting into thick shces. Spread with butter or with more cranberry -orange relish.
CRANBERRY MINT SHAMROCK MOLD
(Makes one 1-1/2 quart mold)
2 envelopes unflavored gelatin
1 cup water
1 can (6 ounces) frozen concen- trated lemonade, thawed and diluted
2 cans (1 pound each) Ocean Spray Jellied cranberry sauce, sieved
1 jar (10 ounces) mint jelly, sieved
2 apples, peeled, cored and chop-
ped 1 can (13-3/4 ounces) pineapple tidbits, drained
Mix gelatin and water in a sauce- pan. Stir over low heat until gelatin is dissolved. Beat in lemonade, cranberry sauce and jelly until well blended. Chill until mixture thick- ens sUghtly. Fold in apples and pineapple into gelatin mixture. Pour into a 1-1/2 quart shamrock- shaped mold or bowl. Chill until firm. When ready to serve, dip mold into lukewarm water for a few seconds, tap to loosen and invert onto a platter. -^5
Book farm money
the way you do feed, seed
and fertilizer.
Early ordering assures sufficient quantities of materials when you need them. And you don't usually pay until delivery. Your Production Credit man has a finance program that offers similar benefits. He may be able to establish a line of credit to fit your future needs.This money is at your disposal on a get it-as you-need-it basis. But you start paying only when you be- gin using the money.Don'tyou owe itto yourself to find out complete details on PCA financing?
SEED GERMINATION
Continued from Page 3
Table 1. Effect of light on thi germination of cranberry seeds.
Treatment (days) % Genninatioi
0-Ught: 20-dark 1
l-light: 19-dark 4
3-Ught: 17-dark 31
5-light: 15-dark 90
8-Ught: 12-dark 97
10-light: 10-dark 97
20-Ught: 0-dark 95
It is not known at this tinK if a phytochrome system is active ii cranberry seed germination. How ever, data presented in this pape suggest that a phytochrome systen is active. This will be tested future experiments by subjectin] the seeds to different treatments o red and far-red radiation.
References
Black, M. 1969. In Dormancy Survival (H. W. Woolhouse, ed.). Aca demic Press, New York.
thwick, H. A., S. B. Hendricks, M. Vi
cer, E. H. Toole, and V. K. Toole
2. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. 38:662.
nari, M. and G. Neumann, G. 1952
[ Res. Coun. Israel 2: 15 *
nari, M., S. Klein, S. Anchori, and h
ibrun. 1957. Bull Res. Coun. Israi
33.
It, L. H. and E. D. McAIister. 193f
thson. Misc. CoUns. 94 (5) :1.
nslaw J. Karczmarczyk is a Professo
Research Associate, respectively
C anberry Experiment Station, Labori
r ' of Experimental Biology, Eta
\ areham, Mass. 02538.
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16
ARTICLES
Continued from Page 2
869 Second Annual Field Day in Nova Scotia 1.25
969 Operation and Maintenance of the Darlington Picking Machine 1,75
969 Operation and Maintenance of the Western Picking Machine 1.25
969a Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1969 1.75
370 ACGANew Jersey Meeting, 1970 1.50
570 Cranberries Greeted our Forefathers 1.25
670 Aerial Applicators-a profile of the helicopter and fixed wing pilots
who service Massachusetts growers 1.75
770 Washington Research Center Hosts Annual Cranberry Field Day 1.50
870 Pesticides and Progress 1.50
970 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1970 1.75
1070 Cranberry Marketing Committee Meeting with Report of By-Laws and
Administration Committee (1970) 1.75
1270 A Look at New jersey 1.50
371 ACGANewJersey Meeting, 1971 1.50
671 Christmas Trees-A Cash Crop 2.00
871 Another Point of View Concerning Pesticides 1.50
971 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1971 1.75
1071 Massachusetts Bog Tour, 1 971 1.50
272a Importance of Export Programs (Parts I & II) 1.50
If 372 ACGANewJersey Meeting, 1972 1.25
472a Federal Examiner Says DDT Not Environmental Threat 1.25
572 Banning DDT is a Big Mistake 2.00
972 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1972 1.25
373 Agriculture, Cranberries and Profit 1.50
873 The Occupational Safety and Health Act in Agriculture 1.25
973 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1973 1.25
973a ACGA New jersey Meeting, 1973 1.25
1073 Boycotts and Migrant Workers 1.25
174 U.S. Adoption of Metric System Seems Question of When-Not If 1.25
TECHNICAL
864 Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25
265 Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1.25
265a Application of Granular Herbicides ^ . 1.25
365 Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries * 1-25
465 Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 125
565 Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1-50
865 New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1-25
1 165 Observations on the Simptons and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1-25
166 Cranberry Pollination 1-25
266 Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1-25
666 Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 125
766 Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1-25
866 Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1-25
167 Telephone Frost Warning Device 1-75
167a Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1-25
367 Cranberry Vine Injury 1-25
467 Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1-25
567 Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1-25
1167 Cranberry Pollination ]-25
1267 Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1-50
168 Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1-25
268 Control of Fairy Ring Disease 1-25
Continued on Page 18 17
ARTICLES
Continued from Page 1 7
368 Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 1 ,25
368a Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report , 1,25
468 Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 1,75
868 Sprinlcler Frost Protection 3,00
469 Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 1,75
569 Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds In Nova Scotia 1.25
771a Nutrient Levels in Leaf and Soil Samples from Three Cranberry
Bogs in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia 1.25
971a Cranberry Growth as Related to Water Levels in the Soil 1.25
1171 Sevin, DDT and the Gypsy Moth 2.00
1271a Seed Germination in Cranberry 1,25
1 72 Water Harvest Procedures and Quality of Early Black Cranberries
in Massachusetts 1,25
272 Promising New Herbicides and Their Effects on Cranberries 1,50
372a Recent Tests with Fertilizer Supplements 1,50
472 Spreader Reel for Cranberry Bog Sanders 1 ,25
672 Phosphorus Removal Calculated in Oregon 1,25
672a Honeybee Populations and Fruit Set in Cranberry 1.25
772 Surface Water Quality In Drainage Areas of Cranberry Bogs 1.25
872 Cranberry Production and Water Quality 1,25
1172 Developmentof a New Cranberry Harvester 2.00
1 1 72a Intensifying Cranberry Flavor in Yogurt and Sherbet
with Synthetic Flavoring 1,50
1272 Gel Power Index of Cranberries 1,75
173 An Evaluation of Difolatan in Massachusetts 1,25
273 Effects of Continued Casoron Treatments 1,25
573 Insecticide Toxicity to Honey Bees 1,25
673 Prolonging the Life of Harvested "McFarlin" Cranberries 1.50
773 Toleranceof Cranberries to the Experimental Herbicide San-9789 1.50
873a Some Speculation and Musings on the Possible Effect of Weather
During Bloom on the Massachusetts Cranberry Crop (Parts I & 2) .... 2.50
1073a An Aniysis of the DDT Controversy 3.00
169 New Herbicide (casoron) 1,25
369 Some Effects of Dichlobenil on the Physiology of Cranberries
in Massachusetts 1.50
369b Growth of Cranberry Plants in Pure Sands and in Weedy Areas
under Nova Scotia Conditions 1,75
469 Cultural Practices and Mechanization of Cranberry and
Wild Blueberry (Parts I, II, III, IV) 12.00
669 Anthocyanin Enhancement in "McFarlin" Cranberries at
Optimum Maturity 1,75
769 Pesticide Use in Massachusetts Cranberries 1.25
1069 Resanding of Massachusetts Bogs (Parts I & II) 2.50
1069a Cranberries Evaluated for Fresh Fruit and Processing Quality,
after Reduced Oxygen Storage (Parts I & 2) 1.75
1 269 The Rate of Disappearance of Parathion from Water Associated with
Two Massachusetts Cranberry Bogs 1.50
1269a MalathlonHastensMaturity of Highbush Blueberry Fruit 1.50
270 ReducedChillingRequirementof McFarlin Cranberry Buds 1.25
370a Photo Period Effect on Plant Growth In Cranberry 1.50
470 Tolerance of Cranberry Vines to "Morcran" and Three Other
Experimental Herbicides 1.50
570a Cranberry Diseases in Nova Scotia 1.75
570b Cranberry Pollination 1.25
770a Effect of Herbicides on Vital Plant Systems 2.00
1070a Evaporation Cooling (Parts I & II) 4.00
1170a Nova Scotia Cranberry Insects 1.75
1270a Progress in Controlling Bird Damage to Crops 1.50
171 Cranberry Bog Microclimate 2.00
ARTICLES
Continued from Page 18
371a Oxygen Deficiency Kills Cranberry Insects 1.50
371b Summer Spray Applications of Phosphorus 1,50
471a Biological and Integrated Control of Cranberry Insects 1.50
GROWER PROFILES
1170 Tom Darlington (New jersey) 1,50
271 Garfield DeMarco (New Jersey) 1.25
471 Robert A. Albergh in i (Massachusetts) 1.25
471b Ross Drever (Wisconsin) 1.25
571 Wilfred S. Galletti (Massachusetts) 1.25
771 Al Stretch (New Jersey) 1.25
1271 James E. Wesseler (Washington) 1.25
1273 Bennett Family (Wisconsin) 1.25
0%
, uJfa.'Aairaw.n.'.ii'af'.si.xs&'fA.
,.u.^„„..,jfc.
KmiifiafeiM^iniWljyB luiL >t piMl lUlu ,»-» „u^ ~-.»-
cj^._ ' —
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
FIRE NOTICE
Ravenbrook Woodlands, a Division of North
Carver Pine Corp., would like to thank everyone
for the kindness shovm after the loss of our mill
by fire.
We are purchasing timber, and offering our usual
services.
1. Prompt payment for timber.
2. Free estimates and advice
3. Licensed foresters available
4. Selective cutting and free
marking service.
Call for appointment: 947-6979
19
|
WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS SCHOOL |
|
|
Court House, Wisconsin Rapids, Wl |
|
|
March 12-13-14, 1974 |
|
|
March 12 |
|
|
1:00 p.m. |
"Growth, Development and Fruiting of the Cranberry Plant." Dr. M. N. Dana, Horticulturist, University of Wisconsin, Madison. |
|
2:30 p.m. |
Break |
|
3:00 p.m. |
"Factors affecting growth, development and fruiting of the cranberry plant," Dr. M. N. Dana. |
|
March 13 |
|
|
8:00 a.m. |
Fruit for home and comntiercial growers (the culture of fruit crops other than cranberries). Prof. G. C. Klingbeil, Extension Horticulturist, University of Wisconsin, Madison. |
|
9:30 a.m. |
Break |
|
10:00 a.m. |
"Cranberry Insects," with special emphasis on tip worm and a new scale insect. Or. C. F. Koval, Extension Entomologist, University of Wisoonsin, Madison. |
|
12:00 noon |
Break |
|
1:00 p.m. |
"Hail Damage and Insurance Adjustment on Cranberries." F. J. Martin, Crop Hail Manager, Rural Insurance Co., Madison. |
|
2:30 p.m. |
Break |
|
3:00 p.m. |
"Cranberry Disease Control" and "Cranberry Variety Trials." Dr. Don Boone, Plant Pathologist, Univer- sity of Wisconsin, Madison. |
|
6:30 p.m. |
Dinner for growers and guests at Wilburns. Guest: John Berkhahn, Project Manager, Mead Wild- 1 ife and Buena Vista Marsh areas. Topic: Prairie Chicken Management Program. |
|
March 14 |
|
|
8:30 a.m. |
Marketing Cooperatives. The purpose, structure and method of operation. Dr. Richard Vilstrup, Exten- sion Economist, University of Wisconsin, Madison. |
|
10:00 a.m. |
Break |
|
10:30 a.m. |
Workshop-Conmunicat ion in marketing cooperatives. Dr. Richard Vilstrup. |
|
12:00 noon |
Adjourn |
|
This Extens ion, Industry. |
school is being presented by the University of Wisconsin- Wood County in cooperation with the Wisconsin c ranberry |
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24
^■»^»^^^.».»»*«»^^»»^'*^^^^^»^#****<
^
Va?
i
USED ALUMINUM PIPE HOOK TYPE
1600' 6", 800' 4" 3000' 3", 3000' 2" Reasonably priced
CHARLES W. HARRIS CO., INC.
451 Old Somerset Ave.
North Dighton, Mass. 02764
617-824-5607
♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦■.
FOR SALE
4+ ACRE CRANBERRY BOG WITH 4 ACRES UPLAND
: lOOf BBL/ACRE ALLOTMENTS
SOUTH MIDDLEBORO CALL 746-8507
♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦ t ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ M M M M » ♦^
20
% serving llie WISCflNSBI growers %
[CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARUN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
AU prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Intaested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranbeny Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
CLXVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
Name
Address.
City
[ ] One Year $5.00
State
Zip-
l ] 2 Years $8.00
Mail to:
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J
Kingston, Mass. 02364
You Answer
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
P. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, theyVe picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
Massachusetts . New Jersey p,.jx^^^\A/isconsln Oregon .v> \A/ashington ^ Canada
5
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CrAnBERRY
THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE
AC.C
7
l/"o.
MARCH 1974
PHOTO BY SAM BUTTERFIELD
A.C.G.A. Meeting 1
Effect of Temperature on
Germination of Cranberry Seeds 7
Ocean Spray Elections 8
/^PR 3 i3?A
LIBRARY SER! ALS SECTli! i UNIV OF MASS
AMHERST MA OiOOS
-^ DIBECTOBY (DP cranlierpy growers -^
"CRANBERRIES advertising pays
BIG dividends!
9
(»
Electricity - key to progress
In industry as well as the home, electrici+y has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be In the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed.
$\ NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY
PLYMOUTH DIVISION
PLYMOUTH, MASS.
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS
COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
- SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS.
Irrigation Systems PUINPS
SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINESi
The
CHARLES W.HARRIS
Company
451 Old Somerset Avenue
North Dighton, Mass.
Phone 824-5607
AMES
Irrigation Systems
RAIN BIRD
Sprinklers
HALE-MARLOW
Pumps
Highest Quality Products
with Satisfaction Guaranteed
AMERICAN CRANBERRY GROWER'S ANNUAL WINTER MEETING
February 14, 1974
The 10th Annual Winter Meeting f the American Cranberry frowers' Association was held at tie Concord Motel at Mount Holly, "he meeting was presided over by tie President, Jeffrey Lipman. A lorning session of research and tatistical reports was followed by a uffet luncheon and an afternoon usiness session.
MORNING SESSION
Crop Report
Myron Flint, Jr., New Jersey rop Reporting Service, gave the tatistical report on cranberry roduction in the state and the ation during 1973. The New srsey crop of 221,000 barrels was 3% above last year and the second est crop in the state since 1910. he national crop totaled ,088,300 barrels, about the same s last year. An interesting statistic 'as the lowest disease and insect )ss in the record of the objective iield sampling, 3.0% on August 15 nd 6.2% on September 15.
A New Cranberry Herbicide
Conrad Byrd, a research repre- Ijntative of Sandoz-Wander, Inc., ave a report of field trials with the ewest cranberry herbicide, Evital. |,his chemical has shown good ontrol of various weeds in all ranberry growing states. Its mode f action is by the inhibition of tilorophyll with a whitening of the lant (chlorosis) and eventual stunt- ig and killing. It is not fast and ramatic in its action and unlike ther cranberry herbicides it must rst penetrate to the roots to be Dsorbed. Spring is the best time to se Evital. It is not toxic to humans id does not hurt cranberries after ley are sometimes temporarily set ack and become visibly whitened.
especially at the base of the leaves. Cranberries injured by Evital quickly recover when given supple- mentary fertilization with nitrates. In New Jersey good control of nut sedge, poverty grass, rushes, needle grass, and annual panicum grasses was obtained. Large clumps of "cranberry grass" (Carex bullata) or "stool blue grass" (Panicum virgatum) were resistant to Evital,
but small seedlings of these species were well suppressed. Asters, St. Johns Wort, loose strife and golden rod were not controlled.
Chemicals to Color Cranberries
Dr. Paul Eck, of Rutgers Univer- sity, presented the combined analysis of three years of data on the effect of malathion and ethephon (Ethrel) on color en- hancement in early harvested Early Black cranberries harvested from the same plots each year. Single and split applications of malathion at 2Vi lbs. active material per acre and 1 lb. of ethephon per acre were appUed in aqueous sprays at the rate of 200gals./A alone and in combination. Triton B-1956 at 0.05% cone, was used as a sticker. AppUcations were made at the beginning of September and har- vests were made in mid-September. Fruit yields, size and fruit samples were taken for color analysis. Anthocyanin content was measured quantitatively by extraction of pig- ments and colormetric determina- tion.
Continued on Page 11
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES
ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE
INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS
INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS
WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS
WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT
Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis.
715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440
Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich.
608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222
^
INTERNNnONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
Cranberry
Station
t Hem Notes
Personals
Dr. Robert Devlin attended the Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America from February 11 to 15. Bob presented two papers at the meeting. The first was "Influence of Dichlobenil and Three Experimental Herbicides on Bud Break, Terminal Growth and Root Development of Cranberry Cuttings." This described the effect of casoron, two experimental compounds of the Sandoz Co. and Lasso on Early Black cuttings in a greenhouse test. The other paper was "The Uptake, Translocation and Metabolism of San-6706^^4 and San-9789C14 ^^ g^^jy gj^ck Cranberries." This reports labora- tory work done on an experimental
by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension crsnberry speclaliat
herbicide using radioactive material to determine how the cranberry plant takes in, moves and breaks down this compound. Dr. Devlin was also Chairman of the Plant Growth Regulator Working Group and presented another paper at this meeting.
Frost Warning Service
The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association is again spon- soring the telephone frost warning service. Applications were mailed to all growers in early March. If a grower has not received an applica- tion, he should notify Mr. Irving E. Demoranville, treasurer of the association, Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Massa-
chusetts 02538. There is a spot c the application for a donation the telephone answering servi( which is also sponsored by tl association and is in operatic during the frost season at tl Cranberry Station. This is a vei valuable part of the frost warnir for various reasons. There is message on the recorder every dg during the frost season, whether frost warning is sent or not. \^ wish to remind the growers usir' the answering service that t? recorded message will not be avai able before 1:30 in the afternoc or 8:30 in the evening. The fro pad for writing down the messaj has proven very popular and will 1: mailed to growers subscribing
A MOST COMPLETE INVENTORY OF IRRIGATION ACCESSORIES
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
FOR EXAMPLE:
Gorman-Rupp Self Priming Electric Sprinkler Pumps Proven Quick Couple Riser Ingersoll-Rand Water Harvest Pumps Aluminum Insert Coupling For 4 "Poly Pipe
Contact:
Larchmont Engineering
Phil Tropeano, Lexington, Mass.
862-2550 (CaUCoUect)
(D
Contact:
Bill Steams, Plymouth, Mass.
746-6048
746-2610
; service. All applications and yments should be returned by irch 25 in order that the neces- y arrangements can be com- !ted prior to the frost season, •plications returned after this te will result in the subscriber's itiie being placed at the bottom of |; telephone phone list. There re approximately 205 subscribers t season— let's hope there will be increase this season.
Charts
The 1974 Fertilizer, Insect and ease and Weed Control Charts /e been priiited and mailed, owers are reminded to read efully all notes and cautions on charts-these are important, yone not receiving charts should itact the Cranberry Station in 5t Wareham.
Weather
February was 1.3 degrees a day ow normal. Maximum tempera- e was 54 degrees on the 22nd i minimum was 1 below zero on 10th. Cooler than average iods occurred on the 2nd-5th, ti-lOth, 12th, 15th and h-18th. Warmer than average s were the 13th, 19th-23rd and h.
Precipitation totalled 3.06 hes, about Vz inch below normal, jre were 13 days with measur- e moisture with the largest storm y 0.94 inch on the 22nd. We are )ut 2/3 inch above normal for first two months and SVx inches tad of 1973. Snowfall was 14.5 hes occuring on 10 different rs, so we never had any big jrms, just a series of slippery ;tings. This total is almost ctly double our normal for the nth.
office of your PCA man.
You don't have a lot of extra time to spend in town. So your Production Credit man makes your feedlot, pasture, orchard or cornfield his office. And these on-farm contacts help keep him up-to-the-minute on local conditions. This puts him in a better position to understand your money needs. His sole purpose is to pro- vide you with farm credit services. And he doesn't mind a little mud on his shoes or dust on his dashboard. Hard man to find? Not at all. He may be passing your place now.
iilH NEWS
WASBINIiTON NEWJERSET
A part of the Washington In- dustrial Safety and Health Act (WISHA) includes knowledge of First Aid for safety on farms as well as other industry. About 100 cran- berry growers in Washington took part in the three classes offered for their benefit. County Extension Service Agent Azmi Y. Shawa and Aadne Benestad, Safety Education Representative, Department of Labor and Industry, Aberdeen made arrangements for classes, two in the Grayland area and one at Long Beach. Some of the wives participated with their husbands.
The first two months of 1974 brought 26.80 inches of precipita- tion—13.65 for January and 13.15 for February, the February total being the third highest for the month in 23 years. Little can be accomplished in the bog area due to swampy conditions! The high for each month was 54 degrees, the low for January was 1 1 degrees and for February 27 degrees. All in all a time for indoor action, and catching up on reading.
Ocean Spray Growers meetings were scheduled for March 2 at the Nordic Inn, Aberdeen and The Ark at Nahcotta on Long Beach Penin- sula on Sunday, March 3. Harold Thorkelsen, Gibby Beaton and Andre Andreson, came from Massa- chusetts and Bob Lucas from Markham, Washington.
The Grayland Cranberry Growers Association meeting was March 12 at the Community Hall, Grayland.
The Long Beach Cranberry Club meeting is scheduled for April 12 and will have a "Show and Tell" program on herbicides, those in use and new experimental products, presented by Azmi Shawa.
For the first time in the past few years some severe winter weather was experienced in the cranberry region of New Jersey during the past February. More snow in a one-month period has not been seen since 1969. The total of 13.5 inches made it the fifth snowiest February in 44 years at New Lisbon. "Subnormal temperatures occurred frequently as readings below 10 were recorded on four nights. A subzero reading, 2 below, on February 1 0th was the first time the temperature had gone below zero here since February 3, 1961, and it was only the eleventh time in the past twenty years that this phenomenon has occurred in Feb- ruary.
The extremely cold days were balanced out by eight babny days
in the fifties and sixties whic brought the average temperature u to 32.9 degrees, only 0.9 degree below normal. Precipitatio totalled 1 .98 inches.
For the first time in the pas three winters ice was thick enoug on floodwater of cranberry bogs t induce a deficiency of dissolve oxygen content. Samples from rej resentative bogs contained 2.4 3.8 c.c. of oxygen per liter fror February 11th to February 15t after which the ice melted an^ levels increased to above 5 c.c.
The 104th Annual Winter Meei
ing of the American Cranberr
Growers Association was held
Mt. Holly on February 14th.
»«HIII*<^<IIIIIIIIIH**<
WISCONSIN
41 ||IIIIIIHilH>*'
The latter half of Februan averaged warmer than normal ii most sections of Wisconsin. Precip itation was light except in th« southeast where heavy snow fell oi the 21st and 22nd. This snowstorn
Continued on Page 13
l9
DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET M1DDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut
logs.
Independent foresters, New England Forestry
Foundation, available for selective marking and
advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
^f^mard A. President
Rhodes
Tel: 947-6979 8:30 AM. - 5:00 P.M.
[a.
S
I Issue of March 1974 j Volume 38 -No. 11 I
FORUM IN DRIP IRRIGATION
1 An international forum on drip irrigation, the iramatic new development in water management of Igricultural crops, will be presented next summer in a /eek-long San Diego congress scheduled for July - 14.
j Some 80 researchers, manufacturers, and growers '/ill present reports on scientific findings, tech- nological developments, and field applications. Imong them will be leading authorities in the field, icluding Dr. Dan Goldberg, Israel; Dr. Fergus Black, Lustralia; Dr. Pietro Celestre, Italy; and Sterling Davis nd Don Gustafson, U. S. A. All are pioneers in the itroduction of drip irrigation to commercial agri- ulture in their respective countries.
Reports scheduled fall into seven categories: drip rigation progress, methods and mechanics, physics nd hydraulics, water use, salinity, fertilizing, and rop response. The meeting days of July 8-13 have een set aside for these. Also planned is a day-long ield tour of San Diego County vegetable and fruit ee acreage and greenhouse flower and ornamental lant installations under drip irrigation. Exhibits on rip irrigation equipment will run/ from July 11-13.
Deadline for preregistration is June 1. Materials nd a preliminary program for the congress can be btained by writing International Drip Irrigation ongress, P. 0. Box 2326, Riverside, Calif. 92506.
a
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MAGAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
p advisors - correspondents -|
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry ExF>eriment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey
PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entonnology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, M2issachusetts Post Office.
Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyri^t 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
Farm Bureau is heard twice each weekend on WBZ in Boston, and on Monday mornings (from 5 to 5:30 A.M.) On WKRO in Boston. Our program is also heard once each week on WCAP in Lowell, WPEP in Taunton, WSBM in New Bedford, WSPR in Springfield, WREB in Holyoke, WHMP in Northampton, WHAI in Greenfield, WSBS in Great Barrington, WBRK in Pittsfield and WMNB in North Adams.
Speaking of radio programs, the response to a broadcast of the poem, "What is a Farmer?" which appeared in the December 28th issue of your Farm Bureau Newslet- ter, has been simply incredible! We read the poem- on Boston's WBZ as a part of Agriculture Commissioner Nathan Chandler's "Countryside" radio show. So far we've received over 400 requests for copies of the poem, and they've come from more than twenty different states, in- cluding Missouri and Kentucky!
Farm Bureau on TV is a regular feature each week on Tuesday mornings at 6: 15 A.M. on Boston's Channel 7, WN AC-TV.
Essex County makes quota in membership for 1974. Essex be- comes the third quota county Farm Bureau in Massachusetts. Congratu- lations to Membership chairman Roger Lewis, to Red Dargoonian who assisted, and to all others who are helping make Essex County one of our strongest and most active units.
Fuel for farmers? The priority says farmers will receive all the fuel they need for producing food. But you can't fill your tank with priorities. We urge you to line up a local supplier, and convince him to agree to send up a Form 1 7 through
his source of supply, identifying himself as the supplier of fuel for you, the end user. Once he is approved as a suppUer for you (with your priority as a farmer) he's assured of enough fuel to take care of your agricultural needs.
Cape Cod Farm Bureau received much praise for its involvement in the recent anti-rat campaign in all towns on the Cape. Cape Cod Farm Bureau gave away packages of barium carbonate, and offered prizes to individuals who took part in the massive effort to rid the area of rats.
Cranberry growers are unhappy over the loss of the daily weather reports on radio station WHDH in Boston. This radio station is chang- ing its format, and the valuable weather information was chopped from the schedule (along with other programs).
Farm Bureau spoke to popular weatherforecaster Don Kent of WBZ about this loss of important weather data for cranberry growers.
We are hoping to work out a arrangement whereby valuable ir formation can still be carried on th radio on a station powerful enoug to be heard in the cranberr} growing area.
Used farm machinery and equif. ment sale date has been set. It' Saturday, April 20, 1974 on th grounds at FLAME Route IH Littleton, Mass. Circle the date an get out the paint brush!
FARMERS BEWARE-We\ had reports of insurance sale people who are misrepresentin themselves as agents of the "Work men's Compensation" board to gai access to farms. Once there, the are selling inadequate disabilit income programs to unsuspectin farm people.
Be very careful of just who get to see your employment records We suggest you contact your ow Farm Family agent if you have an question at all. You'll get th straight story.
COMPLETE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Complete installed sprinkler systems with a guarantee of near even pressures throughout the entire system. Recent installations vary less than two pounds pressure from pump to end of the longest hne. This gives even application of pesticides and better quality of berries when picked.
Sprinkler system installed on a turn-key basis with a two crop year guarantee using HALE PUMPS, RAIN BIRD Sprinklers, Aluminum mains or completely buried PVC protected against vandalism.
CHARLES W. HARRIS CO. INC.
451 Old Somerset Ave. North Dighton, Mass. 02764 Tel. 617-824-5607
I
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION OF CRANBERRY SEEDS
[ Several years ago, while attempt- ing to germinate flats of cranberry !;eeds in our station greenhouse and )n other occasions using a single ;eed from hybrid crosses planted in ;wo-inch clay pots, it was noted that there was an apparent relation- hip between location in the green- louse and seed germination. There vas rapid and near total germina- tion of seeds in some areas but not n others. Since the greenhouse |;onstruction was such that the insulating properties were not miform and the planting and sermination occurred during late ;anuary and February, our coldest teriod of the year, temperature was (Ssumed to be the limiting factor. Our experience has shown that a nixture of 80% sand and 20% peat noss is the most practical media for eed germination from the stand- point of cost, ease of handling and prevention of "damping off of eedlings. However, other media jiave been investigated and reports indicate satisfactory results (3). nitial tests were made using the and-peat mixture in the green- ouse. Results were generally as revious experience had indicated; ermination was more rapid and lore complete at temperatures in he 70-75°F. range than at a range f 62-67°F. The primary problem /as to maintain temperatures in a ange narrow enough to allow for lore than two reference points, iecause of this problem, the results 'ere considered interesting but 'ere not pursued further. Finally, 1 mid-February 1972 three con- rolled temperature chambers were jmporarily idle and available for a lore accurate study.
Seeds were taken from freshly lit, firm Early Black cranberries lat had been held in common to rage until mid-January as escribed by Bain (1,2). These
by I. E. Demoranville
seeds were placed approximately 1 cm. apart on moistened filter paper in petri dishes. The dishes were put into clear plastic bags which were closed with a twisted wire to prevent excessive water loss by evaporation and then placed in the chambers. One chamber was operated at a constant temperature of 60''F., another at 70°F. and a third at 80°F. There were 100 seeds in each dish and these were repli- cated twice. Lights in the chambers were not utilized, but neither was there any attempt made to com- pletely exclude light during the study. Although Rayner (4) describes a chemical treatment to induce germination in Vaccinium species, nothing was used in this test.
Seeds in the 80°F. chamber started first, with 1% germination after three days. This total in- creased at a steady pace through the seventh day, when total germ- ination was 16.5%. On the eighth day a dramatic increase to a total of 49% occurred. Each day after this the increases were greater than any from day three through day seven until at day 13, 99% total was attained.
The seeds in the 70°F. chamber show a germination pattern that is very nearly a carbon copy of those at 80°F., except that the timing was a few days later (Fig. 1). First germination (1%) was noted on the fourth day and increased very slowly through the eighth day with a total of 3.5%. Germination picked up slightly on the ninth and tenth days to a total of 13% and then the big jump to 41.5% occurred on the 11th day. The similarity continues to day 16 when 99% germination was attained.
The seeds in the 60°F. chamber
exhibited a different pattern. The start of germination was much slower, with 0.5% noted on the 13th day when the 80°F. germina- tion was finished. The 1% total was not reached until the 17th day when the 70°F. germination was complete. The 23rd day was the first occurance of more than a 1% increase over the previous day. Germination then proceeded at a slow,, steady rate with no abrupt increase as at the other tempera- tures. The greatest increase was from day 25 at 14% to day 26 at 25%. The study was terminated on the 35th day with a total of only 74.5% at that time.
References
(1) Bain, H. F. Cross Pollinating the Cranberry. 47th Annual Meeting Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers Association p. 7-11, 1933.
(2) Bain, H. F. Experiments in Breeding Cranberries for False Blossom Con- trol. Cranberries 4 (11) p. 9-11, March 1940.
(3) Greidanus, T., Rigby, J. B. F. and Dana, M. N., Seed Germination in Cranberry. Cranberries 36 (8) p. 13, December 1971.
(4) Rayner, M. C. The Biology of Fungus Infection in the Genus Vaccinium. Ann. of Botany 43 (169) p. 56-70, January 1929.
PLASTIC NETTING
FOR
SUCTION BOXES
Cranberry Growers Service, Inc.
Little Harbor Road
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Ken Beaton - 295-2207
Cieam
RAYMOND HABELMAN
GEORGE C. P. OLSSON
A
hcmi^ A |)()oi*ttw(e*t(A
Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. las announced five executive ap- pointments following a recent neeting of the board of directors. Raymond Habelman, formerly first /ice president, has been elected chairman of the board succeeding aeorge C. P. Olsson who resigned "rom the board to accept the
newly created management staff position of vice president in charge of government relations. G. Howard Morse, Jr. was elected first vice president and chairman of the budget and finance committee, succeeding Mr. Habelman.
Additonal appointments include the election of Endre Endresen, Jr.
to the post of senior vice president in charge of operations and Gilbert T. Beaton to the newly established position of vice president-grower relations.
Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., a growers' cooperative formed in 1930, processes 85% of the cranber- ries produced in North America.
ENDRE ENDRESEN, Jr.
GILBERT T. BEATON
Vernon Goldsworthy has pur- chased from Roy and Dean Pease the marsh they had at Three Lakes, a new development. There were 15 acres scalped, but not planted, and "Goldy" expects to get ready for planting this season.
The D. C. Hammond, Jr. family, which has had considerable illness since it moved to Wisconsin, now has the chicken pox. As Mr. Hammond himself has never had this, he was in fear he might contract it.
On March 17 a meeting of representatives of the American Cranberry Exchange, National Cranberry Association, with others, at the Hotel Commodore, New York, nearly brought to conclusion a marketing program which it is hoped will benefit the entire indus- try. This group formed what will be known as the "Organization Com- mittee" to develop the "Cranberry Growers' Council," which will co- ordinate marketing operations of both co-ops and independent grow- ers who wish to become members of the Council.
P. E. Marucci of the Cranberry and Blueberry Research Laboratory in New Jersey has resigned, effec- tive April 1, 1949, to take up work with the U.S.D.A. on Oriental and Malayan Fruit Fly control work in Hawaii. "Phil" has been working exclusively on blueberry stunt while at Pemberton, being financed by the Research Grant of the Blueberry Cooperative Association known as the "Coville Fund. "
"Charlie" Doehlert, head of the Jersey Cranberry -Blueberry Labora- tory, J. Rogers Brick, Walter Fort, Growers' Cranberry Company, and Vinton Thompson, 2nd, came up from Jersey to attend the February 24th meeting of South Shore Cran- berry Club. In a two-day trip they made several other visits.
10
A new dusting and spraying service for cranberry growers is to be in operation this season in Massachusetts. This organization will be known as the New England Air Spray and Dusting Company. This is made up of the Cape & Islands Airways, which has main- tained flying service and operated the airport at Wareham for several years and the Brockton Airways of Brockton.
Work has begun on the rebuild- ing of the original section ofNCA 's North Chicago, 111., plant which was destroyed on the night of January 21. Because of new construction, the new portion of the plant, completed in 1 948, was saved. The past season this plant handled nearly 50 percent of the total Wisconsin cranberry crop and is needed for service again next fall.
The blueberry insect and diseas control chart for 1949 for Ne^ Jersey has been issued by the Ne' Jersey Agricultural Station, Ne\ Brunswick, New Jersey. It wc prepared by C. A. Doehlert, R. t Wilcox and William E. Tomlinso of the New Jersey Cranberry an Blueberry Research Laboratory Pemberton.
"Del" Hammond, general mar ager WCSCO, has been appointed director of the Wisconsin Counc of Agriculture at Madison. Th University of Wisconsin and th Wisconsin Council will be hosts o August 22-26 to the America Institute of Cooperation at Madiso and Del has been asked to serve o the committee for recreation.
oeoeoc>ooeoooex»
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arc I
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cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
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CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF MIDDLEBORO. ROCHESTER, WAREHAM & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON E. Sandwich, Mass. 02537
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
IBOOOOOOOBOPOI
LC.G.A. MEETING
Continued from Page 1
Three years' summary of data howed the foUo-wing. Anthocyanin •ontent: single appHcations of nalathion or ethephon or the ombination treatment increased he amount of red pigment in early larvested Early Black fruit by 50%. ^ split appUcation of the com- (ination of malathion and thephon ncreased anthocyanin content by 00% in each of the years tested. TT/zY Yield and Size: three year verages from the same treated •lots showed no significant dif- erence in yield or berry size as the esult of malathion or ethephon reatment.
Fungicide Tests
Dr. Allan Stretch of U. S. D. A., tationed at Rutgers, gave an iccount of his experiments in iranberry fruit rot control. )ifolatan and Bravo both gave ixcellent control of rot in reduced ipplications. Two treatements of !ach of these materials at six )ounds of active ingredient per acre ichieved control which was equal o that obtained by three appli- ;ations of maneb at 2.4^ per acre ind superior to ferbam in three
sprays of 4.56 pounds per acre. A single application of massive dosages of either Bravo or Difolitan was able to effectively control a light fruit rot situation. Twelve pounds per acre of each of these fungicides applied at full bloom gave control comparable to that obtained by three sprays of maneb or ferbam used at the standard dosages.
Dr. Lee Heidrick of Chevron Chemical Company discussed tests in which difolatan was applied by airplane. This fungicide has been used effectively on a commercial scale in Massachusetts and Wis- consin in ground applications. Tests in 1973 showed that it is also effective in aerial sprays. At 1 .7 lbs. per acre it gave better control than ferbam at a 5 lb. rate. There was evidence that the difolatan treated berries were of better size and color than those sprayed with ferbam.
Phil Marucci, of the Cranberry and Blueberry Lab, spoke on cran- berry insects and cranberry pol- lination (this will be covered in separate articles in Cranberries Magazine in a later issue).
AFTERNOON SESSION
The highlight of the afternoon business session was the report of
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO, INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
the Association's delegate to the agricultural convention by Tom Darlington. An excellent review was given of the efforts being made by the State Department of Agricul- ture under the leadership of Secre- tary Philip Aiampi to keep agriculture vital in the face of pressing problems brought about by continued rapid urbanization in the most densely populated state of the country. Thirteen proposals, some highly original, were made to pre- serve agriculture in New Jersey. These resulted from the study of former Governor Cahill's Blueprint Commission on the Future of New Jersey Agriculture.
1. An agricultural open space program is proposed to be admin- istered jointly by state and local municipalities. Each municipality in the State would be required to designate an Agricultural Open Space Preserve within its bound- aries composed of at least 70 per cent of its prime farmland. The preserve would become part of the local master plan and should reflect the local community needs for open space and other agricultural benefits. Landowners whose properties are located in a preserved area would be able to sell the development easement to their land to the State administering agency or to others.
The rate of compensation for development easements would be the difference between the market value for the land and its farm value.
Continued on Page 12
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WANTED
CRANBERRY HARVEST CRATES
DEGAS CRANBERRY CO. WAREHAM, MASS.
617-295-0147
H ♦ ♦*
11
A.C.G.A. MEETING
Continued from Page 11
At the option of the landowner, the easements could be held for later sale and the compensation for delayed sales would reflect the increased development value of the easement had the preserved area not been established.
The program would be financed by a tax on all real estate transfers in the State.
2. The Commission recommends an expansion of programs for agricultural and natural resource education at all levels, including a comprehensive technical institute.
3. It urges state and federal legislation to bring agriculture under a labor-management relations act designed for agriculture, in- creased employment of youth in
agriculture and other occupations, establishment of a farm and rural safety and health committee and establishment of a council on farm labor within the New Jersey De- partment of Labor and Industry.
4. The Commission strongly supports the current farmland assessment program.
5. It recommends federal legis- lation to increase the taxable estate exemption and to tax qualified land for estate purposes on the basis of its agricultural value.
6. The report says that farmers must continue to be committed to upgrading their management capa- bilities.
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7. In the area of marketing, the report recommends further development of direct farmer-to- consumer marketing channels, establishment of a New Jersey agricultural export committee to stimulate overseas trade, a feasi- bility study for a central agricul- tural distribution center, more adequate State labeling laws for commodities and development of a systematic approach to producing and selling agricultural products.
8. Concerned with natural re- sources, the Commission recom- mends prompt completion of the Cooperative Soil Survey so that the lack of basic data does not delay the agricultural land preservation program; further direct State funding for the State Soil Conser- vation Committee and its district units; a three-year pilot program for cost-sharing with private land- owners for priority conservation practices; water resources studies, demonstrations and pilot projects, including evaluation of "waste" waters for agricultural production purposes and potential ground water replenishment; development of more nonfood functions on
farmland; information about tb ft
benefits flowing from private opei
lands; and possible leasing of pri
vate lands for specialized recrea
tional activities. ^
M:
9. Agricultural organization "'■ should review their goals, function and effectiveness, the report says and a unified policy and voice fo the farm community of the Stat should be developed through cof^ operation or consolidation of thi "" numerous farm organizations ii New Jersey. The importance o maintaining the State Board o Agriculture, State Department o Agriculture, and the Board o Managers of Cook College, formerly the College of Agriculture am Environmental Science at Rutgers i reaffirmed.
10. The Commission recom mends that an Agricultural Waste" Council be formally established b> law in the New Jersey Departmen of Agriculture. It would promote research, develop feasibility studie; and desirable legislation in regard tc recychng wastes.
Continued on Page 13
|
CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
|
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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|
Ken Beaton - |
295-2207 |
|
The Crisafulli Pump |
Service |
|
• DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE |
Specializing in: |
|
TREATED ACREAGE |
•DITCHING |
|
• BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE |
|
|
•WATERHOLE CONST. |
•COMPLETE BOG |
|
•WATERHOLE FILLING |
MANAGEMENT |
|
•WATER HARVEST |
|
|
• FLUME REPAIR |
•SANDING |
|
•AUXILIARY UNIT |
•HARVESTING |
|
The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The |
(Wet and Dry) |
|
pump unit can be hitched to |
• NETTING |
|
a farm tractor or any other |
|
|
vehicle with power take-off. |
• WEED CLIPPING |
|
Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to |
|
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24". 150 to 24,000 gallons |
|
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per minute. |
12
WISCONSIN
Continued from Page 4
vas of blizzard proportions over nuch of the south and east with vinds gusting near 50 miles per lOur and visibility reduced to zero. The snow clung to wires and trees the extreme southeast and dam- to power lines and evergreen rees was extensive in the Mil- waukee area. Milder weather pre- ailed in the last week of February, ^suiting in a settling of the snow fover. Unseasonably warm tempera- pres on the weekend of March 2-3 pelted the remaining snow over the puth half and sharply reduced depths in the north. Record highs ,if 67 at Madison and 69 at lUwaukee occurred on March 3.
♦♦♦♦ 1 1 >♦♦♦♦♦■»<■ »♦♦■>■>♦■>♦ >♦
NOVA SCOTIA
February was a cool month with a mean temperature of 20.8 degrees as compared with the 50-year average of 21.1. Precipitation was also higher than usual with a total of 5.58 inches. We had one rain storm that gave nearly an inch of rain and one snow storm that dumped 12.8 inches of snow. At the present time the ground is bare. During the second week of March we had cold dry winds that were hard on many fruit trees.
A.C.G.A. MEETING
Continued from Page 12
11. "Research is a basic service to New Jersey agriculture," the report states. "The Agricultural Experiment Station should con- tinue its present research program, strengthen it with adequate finan- cial support, periodically update its research priorities, coordinate its research with industrial concerns to assure full coverage of problem areas and avoid unnecessary dupli- cation."
12. It also reconrunends that the Rural Advisory Council in the Department of Agriculture serve in an advisory capacity to expanded
Continued on Page 16
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PARTS -238-1111
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13
With Casoron,® the cold weather weed killer.
How it works.
CASORON works best if it's applied after one killing frost has occurred. Cranberries should be allowed to settle and recover after harvesting operations— and then it's time to go to work on next year's weeds, rushes and sedges.
Applied to the soil, CASORON remains ready until the conditions that cause weeds to grow— warmer temperatures and soil moisture — activate it. Then, CASORON releases a "Gas Blanket" at a controlled rate, killing weeds two ways: by inhibiting the growth of annual weeds as the seeds germinate, and by absorption through the roots and shoots of perennial weeds, preventing further growth.
One CASORON application a year — between November and April — effectively controls weeds like: Bracken Fern, Royal Fern, Sensitive Fern, Hair Cap Moss, Rushes, Common Horsetail, Dodder, and Water Horsetail — a total of 40 annual and perennial weeds, rushes and sedges common to cranberry bogs.
Easy application
CASORON is available as a granular formulation, G-4 (4% granules), in two mesh sizes — 8/16 and 16/30. CASORON granules can be applied with any cranberry granular equipment, and CASORON is also registered for helicopter application on cranberry bogs.
Caution: Read the label carefully, and use only as directed. 3-2i 17
|
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|jjji):jij(| |
THOMPSON-HAYWARD CHEMICAL COMPANY P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110
The cold M^ather >^eed killen
14
RANBERRY PANCAKE ROLLS
(Serves 6)
eggs
cups milk
cups all-purpose flour
teaspoons vanilla extract j'3 cup sugar latter or margarine jean (1 pound) Ocean Spray whole
berry cranberry sauce •1/2 cups thick applesauce 12 teaspoon each nutmeg and cinnamon
1 a bowl beat eggs until fluffy, radually beat in milk. Gradually 3at in flour. Stir in vanilla and jgar. Let batter stand, at room imperature, for 1 hour, then stir ^ain. Spoon about 1/4 cup into a inch diameter skillet that has een buttered and heated. Brown ancake on one side, turn and rown other side. Stack pancakes ad keep them warm in a 200° ven. When all pancakes are made, Dr filling, mix cranberry sauce and pplesauce with spices in a bowl, poon some of the filling on a ancake and roll up like a jelly roll. Lepeat until all filling and pancakes re rolled. Place rolled pancakes, ide by side, on a serving platter nd serve at once.
CRANBERRY HAM N' EGGS
(Serves 4)
thick slices baked smoked ham
eggs
lit and pepper
'4 cup butter or margarine
slices bacon, diced and fried until
crisp and well drained
cup Ocean Spray cranbeny-
orange relish '2 cup minced celery
BERRY BOUNCES INTO A BEVY OF BREAKFASTS AND BRUNCHES
Easter is the time for a very special breakfast or brunch. But don't put aU your eggs in one basket! Count on all-season cranberries to add enticement to a bevy of colorfuUy bright and deUcious recipes to serve on this happy morning occasion.
Eggs at Eastertime are a tradition which actually pre-dates the Christian era. During pagan times, eggs, symbolic of fertility, played an important role in the rites heralding the coming of Spring. Our merry custom of egg roUing is actually based on the ancient Anglo-Saxon ritual of scattering eggs over the fields to insure the fertility of the land.
Here are some new berry breakfast menu ideas for your family's Easter morning celebration. Each can be relished all year long as well-not only on Sundays.
Butter a 1 quart shallow baking dish heavily with butter. Use ham slices to line the bottom and sides of dish. Break eggs one by one into the ham-hned dish. Sprinkle eggs with salt and pepper. Cut butter into pieces and sprinkle over the eggs. Bake in a preheated moderate oven (350°) for 30 to 35 minutes or until eggs are set but the yolks are still soft. While eggs are baking, mix crisp bacon, cranberry-orange rel- ish and celery in a saucepan. Keep warm over low heat stirring oc- casionally. Spoon relish around the outer edge of the baking dish and serve at once. Serve with a pitcher of cranberry juice cocktail with floating orange shces.
BERRY SAUCY WAFFLES (Serves 6)
2 pounds country or breakfast
sausages 1 can (1 pound) Ocean Spray jellied
cranberry sauce
1 can (6 ounces) frozen concen- trated orange juice, thawed and diluted
1/4 cup dehydrated onion soup mix 4 cooking apples, cored and cut into 1/2 inch thick slices
2 packages (10 ounces each) frozen
waffles
Fry sausages in a large skillet until brown. Remove sausages and drain off drippings leaving about 1/4 cup in the skillet. Add cranberry sauce, orange juice and onion soup mix. Simmer until mixture is smooth and bubbly. Add sausages and apple sHces and simmer for about 5 minutes or until apple slices are tender but still hold their shape. Heat waffles according to package directions. Place waffles on a serv- ing plate. Add sausages and apple slices. Spoon sauce over waffles and serve at once.
15
TAXPAYERS ASK IRS
A.C.G.A. MEETING
Continued from Page 13
agricultural and rural development program which would include an agricultural plan for the State; improvement of economic and social conditions of agriculture and rural areas; programs to minimize the impact of urbanization on agriculture; studies and recom- mendations on agricultural and rural issues; and consultation with other State agencies on issues peculiar to agricultural and rural areas.
13. With the highest farmland taxes per acre in the nation, New Jersey farmers are vitally concerned with taxes. The Commission recom- mends that legislation be enacted to require local municipalities or special purpose utility authorities to make all charges against the property for the construction or installation of public facilities on the basis of current assessments rather than a front-footage charge. It also endorses the sales tax exemptions applying to qualified farmers.
The annual election of officers resulted in the following: President, Caleb Cavileer; Vice President, Fred Miller, Jr.; Secretary, Phil Marucci; Treasurer, Paul Eck; Delegate to the Agricultural Convention, Ed Lip man; and Alternate Delegate, Tom Darlington.
Va?
^
f »»##*»*^#»
Farm Credit Service
Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
Office - On Route 44 IMMileWestof Rt. 24
Q. I forgot to include some of my interest on my federal income return which I filed last month. What should I do?
A. If you are due a refund on that tax return, wait until you receive 1 refund, and then file a form 1040X to correct the original 1040. If y owed the government money when you filed, you should file a 104 now to correct the original return.
Q. My wife will be out of the country on a trip until June. How can I permission to wait until she returns to file our joint return?
A. As long as she is a U.S. citizen, an automatic extension until June 1974 will be granted. To use the extension, attach a statement to y( return when you file it indicating that she was out of the country April 16.
Q. Some of my records won't be accessible until May 5. What can I about filing my tax return?
A. By filling out Form 4868 you may receive an automatic two-mor extension. It must be filed by April 16 and with it you must make 1 payment of any tax due with the return.
Q. I would like to use the Income Averaging Mehtod of tax computatic but don't have copies of my old returns for the last four years. Ca get them from IRS?
A. Yes, you should write a letter to the Internal Revenue Service Ceni 310 Lowell St., Andover, MA 01812, to request whatever return cop you need. You will be billed one dollar per page.
Q. Although we're still legally married, my spouse and I haven't li\ together in seven years. I'm supporting our two children, both of whi live with me. Must I still file as a married person filing separately?
A. No, you have two options in this case. If you want to you may fil joint return with your spouse. Otherwise, since you lived apart all y and you provided the home for at least one dependent child who \\\ with you, you may file using tax rates for Unmarried Heads Household.
NIEMI ELECTRIC CO
Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880
Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements.
ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free Estimates
16
% serving llie WISCONSIN gpowers %
[CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
For Delivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in puichasing Wis- consin CranbeiTy Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S.
University of Wisconsin
j Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable
Eagle River, Wis. 54521
CORRUGATED
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and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHHELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
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Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
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WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
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Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
w^
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, theyVe picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.
assachusetts New Jersey V\/isconsin Oregon I \A/ashington
-^/(LU
Canada
A DV
CRANBERRIES
THE NATIONAL CRANBg^>lV/lV|Ai[^AZINE
UNiV.Of MASS.
APRIL 1974
EPA-On the Wrong Track Again 2
Bog Owners Organize 7
Insects Battle Insecticides 10
LIBRARY - SERIALS SECTIC i UNtV OF MASS
AMHERST MASS 01003
-^ BIBECTflBY top cranlieppy gpowers -^
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DAVID KEIR RESIGNS AS COOS COUNTY AGENT
Cranberry grower, W. Neal Merry, has recently been elected to the position of Assessor for the cown of Duxbury, Massachusetts. Mr. Merry is particularly interested ■n dealing with the Classified Forest Act 61 and the Farmland Assess- ment Act 61 A during his three year term as Assessor. These acts are of special concern for cranberry grow- ers and the bog owners in Duxbury are fortunate to have a concerned grower in this town position.
David Keir, a member of the Coos county extension staff since 1969, is resigning his position effective May 31 to accept a job with Cascade Farm Service of Tangent, Oregon, according to Lynn Cannon, Coos county ex- tension office chairman. Keir will be working as a fieldman for the Tangent firm which provides farm chemicals and fertilizers to com- mercial farmers in the mid-Wil- lamette Valley area.
Keir, who grew up in the Hood River Valley on an apple and pear ranch, also worked as an extension agent in Coos county on a tempor- ary assignment for one year in 1966-67. While serving as Coos agricultural extension agent, he has had major responsibility for as-
sistance to the Coos-Curry cran- berry industry, and in working with other horticultural crops, home gardeners, forestry, soil and water conservation, and weed control.
Arrangements for providing a replacement for Keir in the Coos county extension office will be announced at a later date.
CRANBERRIES Magazine we/comes comments, criti- cisms, guest editorials, photo- graphs, interesting articles, helpful suggestions, and any other item that would enable us to better serve you. Send to: CRANBERRIES Post Office Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
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CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 |
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Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | |
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18 Acres Meadow^
6 in production — Potential for 40
Now^ operated on part-time basis
House, bam and equipment
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and two miles lake front
Located on beautiful Isle Madame,
Richmond County, Nova Scotia
CONTACT:
Helen Culleton
Canso Realties Ltd.
Port Hawkesbury
Nova Scotia, Canada
PHONE: 902-625-0302
EPA — On the Wrong Track Again
Proposed harvest entry times are highly restrictive, with no basis on scientific fact; yet they will affect virtually all growers unless we act quickly
Any hope that the Environ- mental Protection Agency would come up with "reasonable" re-entry standards died March 1 1 with the pubhcation in the Federal Register of its proposed health and safety standards. EPA has outdistanced Occupational Safety and Heahh Administration's highly contro- versial proposed re-entry standards by extending its regulations to all pesticides applied, and on a wide variety of crops, imposing re-entry times for certain chemicals of up to 45 days!
No worker will be allowed to
enter a field treated with a pesticide for 12 hours after application unless wearing protective clothing. For 13 specified pesticides (see chart), no one may re-enter without protective clothing for 48 hours. And if a worker will have foliar contact (described as harvesting, fruit thinning, summer pruning, propping, placement of irrigation pipe) for more than one-half hour per day, protective clothing must be worn for the full harvest interval designated in the chart.
"These regulations are ridicu- lous, they appear to be just another form of harassment," a represent- ative of a leading fruit and vegetable organization told American Vegetable Grower. An- other commented, "They were drafted by lawyers who pulled
numbers out of thin air."
The harvest entry times do have a scientific basis but not for the purpose for which EPA is using them. They are, in fact, the pre- harvest intervals or the time be- tween application of a pesticide on a food crop and harvest needed to achieve acceptable tolerance resi- dues.
"The harvest entry times are entirely too long," Dr. Montelaro, University of Florida horticulturist told AVG (American Vegetable Grower), "and they don't take into account climatic differences." In Florida, the hot humid climate causes pesticides to break down more quickly than in other areas.
"On radishes the harvest entry
Continued on Page 16
A MOST COMPLETE INVENTORY OF IRRIGATION ACCESSORIES
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' 11 LARCHMONT AVENUE, LEXINGTON, MASS. (617) 862-2550
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
FOR EXAMPLE:
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Contact:
Larchmont Engineering
Phil Tropeano, Lexington, Mass.
862-2550 (CaUCoUect)
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Contact:
Bill Stearns, Plymouth, Mass.
746-6048
746-2610
ffD
m
1 NEWS
NEW JESSE?
March weather was quite wet ind warmer than average in tem- perature. There was rain on eleven lays of the month with a total iccumulation of 5.13 inches. This is ibout 1.28 inches above normal. The temperature averaged 44.2 legrees or about 2.2 degrees above he norm.
There were four days above 70 degrees and five above sixty. The xtremes were 75 on the fourth and 17 on the 26th. The heaviest ainfall was 1.45 inches on the 31st.
As of April first the season was ibout one week behind 1973 in blueberries. Flower buds were welling but no exposed tissue was ivident while leaf buds were still dormant. The wet weather had brought about favorable conditions for mummy berry disease which has become increasingly important in New Jersey during the past few years.
Phil Marucci, coordinator of the ranberry-Blueberry Lab, reports that urea at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre will give control of mummy berry disease. This also is enough l:ertilizer to apply at this time of year to blueberries. This is the .equivalent of 450 lbs. of a 10-10-10 fertilizer. Do not fertilize again until May and a complete formula with two percent magnesium should be used. Urea has been an excellent fertilizer on blueberries. Some old, abandoned fields near Pemberton have made a remarkable recovery from run-down conditions [where one application of urea was Imade for mummy berries.
Phil Marucci has completed a survey on putnam scale in blue- berry fields. Very little of these insects were found this year. Where
it was found, it had been killed by a parasitic fungus and predacious mites. Therefore, no spray should be applied for the control of this insect.
WISCONSIN
♦ ♦tll«»4«^<HtllfM»<
March began very mild with record high temperatures in the 60's on the 3rd and 6th. This mild weather melted the remaining snow cover in the south and reduced depths in the north. Frost depths in the State as of March 1 had averaged 12 inches but the above normal temperatures and some rain in the first part of March started to bring frost out of the ground.
Temperatures averaged below normal during the last two weeks. A very cold Arctic air mass brought
record below zero temperatures on the weekend of March 23-24. Precipitation was light for the week of March 18-24 but became heavier during March 25-31 in the form of rain in the south and snow in the north. Freezing rain caused prob- lems on roads, wires, and trees in central and east central areas on the 28th-29th.
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NOVA SCOTIA
The weather during the month of March was very close to the 50-year average. The mean tempera- ture for the month was 29.9 degrees as compared with the 50-year average of 29.4. Total precipitation amounted to 3.06
Continued on Page 14
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DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP.
52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S
MOST MODERN SAW MILL
Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs.
Independent foresters. New England Forestry Foundation, available for selective marking and advice, at no charge to landowner.
Call us, we'll be glad to talk it over with you.
Millard A. Rhodes President
Tel: 947-6979 8:50 AM. - 5:00 P.M.
S.
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Mass.
Cranberry
Station
I Field Notes
by IRVING E. OEManAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist
Club Meetings
The March series of cranberry club meetings were held in King- ston on March 19, in Rochester on March 20 and in Barnstable on March 21 . Dr. Chester Cross gave an interesting talk on food boycotts and farm unions. Professor William Tomlinson discussed present insect control recommendations and some of the proposed regulations on pesticides, re-entry of treated areas and types of clothing necessary for •apphcators. Professor Stan Norton showed slides on a boom for water harvesting that he has developed and also some data on bruising, storage breakdown and berries dropped by the experimental har- vester. Chuck Hastings explained the latest developments in regard to the Cranberry Marketing Order. Dr. Robert Devlin spoke on some of the newer test herbicides and labor- atory tests for uptake by the cranberry plant. The author pre- sented the recommendations for grower applications of the newest herbicide "Evital" and reviewed changes in the weed control and fertilizer charts. The clubs retained the same officers for another year, namely: South Shore - Wilfred Galletti, President; Ashby Holmes, Vice President and Bob Alberghini, Secretary-Treasurer. Cape Cod - James Jenkins, Presiding Officer.
Weather
March averaged 1.1 degrees a day above normal. Maximum tem- perature was 63 degrees on the 7th and the minimum 16 degrees on both the 13th and 26th. Warmer than average periods occurred on the 4-8th, 16th, 21st and 23-24th.
Cooler than average days were the 9th, 12-13th, 25th and 29th.
Precipitation totaled 3.22 in- ches, which is just over Wi inches below normal. There were measur- able amounts on nine days with 1.21 inches on the 16- 17th as the largest storm. We are nearly 1 inch below normal for the 3-month period but 3i^ inches ahead of 1973 for the same time. There was no measurable snow for the month, which has not happened since 1962, but this is not an uncommon occurrance in our records.
Many bogs have had the winter flood drawn off for as long as six weeks and the vines seem to be in excellent condition. The bud ap- pears excellent at this time. Winter- kill is not serious, but there is a little wind burn around and there is httle if any oxygen deficiency.
Using the red Persian lilacs from our phenology project as an indica- tor we are 10 days later than the spring of 1973 but nine days ahead of any season from 1969 through 1972. Cranberry Frost Warning Service
The frost warning answering service
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me |
ssages: |
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Slatuin |
Place |
AM |
h M. |
Afternoon |
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WCOD |
Hyaimis |
I0« 1 mg |
2:00 |
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WEEI |
Boston |
590 k. |
103.3 mg. |
2:00 |
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WBZ |
Boston |
1030 k |
92 9mg. |
2:30 |
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WPLM |
Plymouth |
1390 k |
99 1 mg |
2:30 |
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WOCB |
1240 k |
94 3 mg |
3:00 |
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WBSM |
New Bedford |
1420 k |
97 3mg |
3:30 |
at the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion will soon be in operation with the same telephone number as ir the past. The following radio sta- tions are again carrying the frosi
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Preliminary Keeping Quality Forecast
As of April 1 there are a total ot eight points of a possible ten in the overall weather picture which favoi good quality in our cranberry crop next fall. This is the greatest total points that we have ever accumu- lated at this period of time; there- fore, our forecast is for excellent keeping quahty this year. Growers should consider the following iri making a decision on using fungi4 cides: (1) water-harvest may caus^ heavier vine growth where rot-pro-! ducing organisms are often activei and (2) it may be unwise to breakf the annual sequence of fungicide(| treatments which provides a cumu-^ lative effect on rot control. i
(Wisconsin-Michigan Growers)
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Issue of April 1974 I Volume 38 -No. 12
D
CRANBERRIES
THE NA TIONA L CRA NBER R Y MA GA ZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication -
publisher
I. STANLEY COBB
Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston.
FARMLAND ASSESSMENT
Guidelines have been issued in Massachusetts to lelp assessors value agricultural and horticultural land inder terms of the Farmland Assessment Act. Tillable ^ (cranberry, shade tobacco, nursery crops) range Tom $500 to $800 per acre; tillable B (binder obacco, vegetables, potatoes, orchards) $150 to >200; tillable C (cropland and cropland pasture) $20
0 $60; non-productive land $ 10 to $20.
1 FUEL PROBLEM
The lack of priorities among retail gasoline purchasers points out a major flaw in the present gasoline-allocation program. While 1 recognize the t)roblems which would be associated with a gas rationing program, I cannot help but wonder if they vould be as severe as those we are encountering mder the present system by which individual dealers re left to impose their own rationing plan. Tourists, mblic service personnel, traveling businessmen and uch mobile commercial operations as construction nd lumbering all are facing acute difficulties under he present system which the Federal Energy Office |[iust address.
' You may be interested to know that farmers who 'Urchase their fuel wholesale are now covered under lie mandatory allocation program and that special onsideration is given to commercial users, including gricultural producers who purchase at the retail ;vel, under the Federal Energy Office's contingency as rationing plan. In Maine, state allocation officials |re closely monitoring the energy situation and irmers have been given priority in obtaining their iel needs. dmund S. Muskic, United States Senator, Maine
P advisors - correspondents -^
Nova Scotia I. V. HALL
Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia
Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
IRVING DeMORANVILLE
Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI
Research Professor in Entomology
Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries
Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer
Oregon
DAVID KEIR
County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon
Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA
Assistant Horticulturist and
Extension Agent in Horticulture
Long Beach, Washington
Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Eagle River, Wisconsin
CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office.
Price is 5 W per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds.
Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers
We need a strong Farm Bureau in our state, and this is a good time to remind you about 1974 dues. So far, a total of four counties have made quota. Memberships received at the state office indicate we're about 60 or so away from our state quota figure. Have you, by chance, overlooked yours?
Farmland Assessment Act will apply to tax year beginning on July 1st this year. It is the responsibility of the property owner to file for assessment under this act. Deadline for filing this year is May 1, 1974.
Forms for filing are being pre- pared, and may already be in the hands of local assessors by the time you read this. Suggest you phone your local assessors office to obtain copies of the form.
Suggested valuations for agricul- tural! horticultural land in Massa- chusetts have been made public. Assessors will use these figures as the basis for their decisions on land assessment under the Farmland Assessment Act (Chapter 61 -A);
Tillable "A" includes cranberry, shade tobacco and nursery crops: Range per acre-$500 to 800.
Tillable "B" includes binder to- bacco, vegetables, potatoes, or- chards: Range per acre-$150 to 250.
Tillable "C" includes cropland and cropland pasture: Range per acre- Si 00 to 200.
Permanent Pasture and Productive
Woodland: Range per acre— $20 to
60.
Non-productive Land: Range per
acre-$10to20.
Our good friend Don Tuttle, former radio and TV personality with WTIC in Hartford, has been
6
named a director of the Board of Agriculture in Connecticut. He will report directly to the Board and the Commissioner of Agriculture in Connecticut.
Ladies of Cranberryland, U.S.A. (Carver, Massachusetts) held their organizational meeting in March to begin plans for an Open House promotion on the cranberry bogs next fall. They're planning to invite the pubUc to view the colorful berry harvest, with assistance from Plymouth County Farm Bureau.
Maple Syrup time in Massachu- setts received lots of publicity last week in the Boston area news- papers. City people, suffering from winter doldrums, still love to get out into the beautiful countryside. Now, we need a westerly breeze, daytime temps in the 40's, and a freeze at night to keep the sap flowing. Last year was not a good year, and maple syrup producers are hoping for better conditions this year.
Horse Committee of Massachu setts Farm Bureau Federation urge all horse owners to participate ii state-wide innoculation program t( prevent equine encephalomyelitis If you want to run a clinic fo horses in your area, or find ou where the clinic nearest you will b« held, phone Lawson Clark at th( division of Animal Health in Bostor at (617) 727-3015.
Fuel situation is fairly stable fot the moment. Trouble shooter Jiir Walsh of Mass. Department ol Agriculture tells Farm Bureau thai ample supplies of farmer's needs ir April have been given to majoi suppliers by the state. If you have fuel problems, phone Jim Walsh ir Boston at (617) 727-3006.
MFBF makes state quota with i current reported membership ol 4,410. That puts Massachusetts intc the category of an AFBF Quote state, and we're now pulling foi those counties which are working so hard to achieve their own quotas. Don't let down now, let's make this a really BIG YEAR! !
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Art Fernandez, Herb Nelson, and Ricky Ricker discuss watershed management problems. (Photo courtesy of Duxbury clipper)
BOG OWNERS ORGANIZE IN DUXBURY, MASSACHUSETTS
The cranberry growers in Dux- bury have taken one step toward gaining more control over the future of the cranberry industry in their section of Eastern Massachu- setts. They have formed an in- formal organization and held two meetings at involved growers' houses in order to inform them- selves of the various problems and possible solutions that face them as property owners and agricul- turaHsts.
One difficulty that many Massa- chusetts growers may soon be faced with is the phenomena of real estate development on cranberry bog buffer land. This process has effects on reservoirs and watershed areas also. Certainly a well-in- formed group of growers will be better able to deal with this situation than isolated growers who
may become affected.
At the group's first meeting on March 1, three major issues were discussed with invited guests.
Lonnie Pink and Brad Howard talk over irrigation system and flume vandalism. Unknowing children and dogs also cause vine and crop damage. (Photo courtesy of Duxbury Clipper)
Continued on Page 8
BOG OWNERS ORGANIZE
Continued from Page 7
Local Fire Chief Howard Blanch- ard elaboated on the agricultural bush and grass burning legislation. He pledged 100 percent coopera- tion with the growers in conjunc- tion with federal and state legisla- tion.
Police Sergeant Jim Wills out- lined recent legislation which pro- hibits trespass by motorized vehicles on private property; the land need not be posted. Stiff fines and court proceedings new provide enforcement teeth. The agricul- turalists requested more frequent police patrols of cranberry bog areas to reduce increasing vandal- ism. Grower cooperation was unani- mous.
The question of agricultural fuel supplies and distribution was dis- cussed by grower Pat Hines from Middleboro. Agricultural fuel is the Federal Energy Office's top prior- ity.
The growers met again on April 12. The main topic of discussion was the Farmland Assessment Act, chapter 61 A. Attorney Edward Angley, an owner of the Flax Pond Bogs in Carver, was the featured speaker and he conducted the discussion. The fact that the new law encourages continuing agricul- tural production was clarified; en- cumbrances are placed on any land under the act should the owner wish to change the use.
The growers present agreed that the new legislation had to be compared and contrasted with Chapter 61, the Classified Forest
^
Vaf
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Growers Stan Briggs and Neal Merry discuss Duxbury's diminishing cranberry acreage. (Photo courtesy of Duxbury Clipper)
Act. The cranberry men concurred, nevertheless, that the Massachusetts agriculturalists property tax dilemma is now recognized by our governmental representative.
A short business meeting in- stalled Lonnie Pink as the associa- tion's president and Neal Merry as secretary-treasurer. The subject for the next meeting will be the Classified Forest Act.
Duxbury's cranberry conserva- tionists include: The Bay State Co.;
MM»MMMM»M>MMMM»-
Bob White & Bill Parkinson, Fran Boucher, Stan Briggs, the Carter brothers, Russ Chandler, Crowell Cranberry Co., Bill Nickerson, Walter Estes, Art Fernandez and Domingo Bulu, Ed Keating and Brad Howard, Ed Koplovsky, the Loring brothers, Howard Mathews, Merry Land Cranberries, Stan and Neal Merry, Herb Nelson, Rayl Parks, Lonnie and Nancy Pink, Earl and Ricky Ricker and the families of the above.
FOR SALE
10 WESTERN PICKERS A-1 CONDITION
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PLASTIC NETTING
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Cranberry Growers Service, Inc.
Little Harbor Road
Wareham, Mass. 02571
Ken Beaton - 295-2207
Have You Missed These Articles ?
Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER.
GENERAL
536 Volume 1, Number 1— Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1.00
964 AnnualMeetingof CCCGA, 1964 1.75
1264 Washington Experiment Station 1.75
965 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1.75
1065 Our Changing Value in Cranberry Culture 1.50
366 New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1.75
966 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1.75
1066 Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1.25
1166 New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1.50
1266 Whitesbog, New Jersey 1.50
567 Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 1.75
767 Daniel James Crowley, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25
867 Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50
568 New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50
668 New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50
768 Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50
768a History of Cranberry Industry in Wisconsin 1.75
868a ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 1.25
1168 Recipe for Modern Handling 1.50
369a ACGANew Jersey Meeting, 1969 1.25
869 Second Annual Field Day in Nova Scotia 1.25
969 Operation and Maintenance of the Darlington Picking Machine 1.75
969 Operation and Maintenance of the Western Picking Machine 1.25
969a Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1969 1.75
370 ACGANew Jersey Meeting, 1970 1.50
570 Cranberries Greeted our Forefathers 1.25
670 Aerial Applicators-a profile of the helicopter and fixed wing pilots
who service Massachusetts growers 1.75
770 Washington Research Center Hosts Annual Cranberry Field Day 1.50
870 Pesticides and Progress '.1.50
970 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1970 1.75
1070 Cranberry Marketing Committee Meeting with Report of By-Laws and
Administration Committee (1970) 1.75
1270 A Look at New Jersey 1.50
371 ACGANewJersey Meeting, 1971 1.50
671 Christmas Trees-A Cash Crop 2.00
871 Another Point of View Concerning Pesticides 1.50
971 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1971 1.75
1071 Massachusetts Bog Tour, 1971 1.50
272a Importance of Export Programs (Parts I & II) 1-50
372 ACGANewJersey Meeting, 1972 1.25
472a Federal Examiner Says DDT Not Environmental Threat 1.25
572 Banning DDT is a Big Mistake 2.00
972 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1972 1.25
373 Agriculture, Cranberries and Profit 1.50
873 The Occupational Safety and Health Act in Agriculture 1.25
973 Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1973 1.25
973a ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1973 125
1073 Boycotts and Migrant Workers 125
174 U.S. Adoption of Metric System Seems Question of When-Not If 1.25
TECHNICAL
864 Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25
265 Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1-25
265a Application of Granular Herbicides ^-25
365 Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 1-25
465 Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 1-25
565 Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1-50
Continued on Page 12
INSECTS
BATTLE
PESTICIDES
Insects are remarkable.
They are able to activate boc juices which destroy insecticid and pass this trait on to tht| offspring. When this is repeated foi few generations they are virtual immune to once lethal doses ■ such insecticides.
Oregon State University bi chemist Leon C. Terriere has tl job of finding out how they do i
"Some species of insects can \ so susceptible to poisons that only takes a couple of ounces ( insecticide per acre to contri* them. Yet, within a year or. tw they can become so immune th; they cannot be controlled, regan less of insecticide dosage," sai Terriere.
There are now more than 20 species of insects and spiders th are resistant to one or moi insecticides. They all are potentiall harmful to either agriculture c public health. In agriculture, th situation is so serious with som crops that only one or two insect cides are available to control certai pests.
Insects have at least three basi methods for surviving pesticide They can change their behavio patterns and avoid the pesticide, a mosquitoes sometimes do. The can develop a thicker cuticle (skin' to reduce the amount of pesticid absorbed by their bodies. And the; can produce enzymes that attacl the pesticide molecules and rende them harmless. This latter process called detoxification, is the mos important kind of resistance. It i the process OSU researchers unde Terriere's leadersliip have beei studying for almost 20 years.
Researchers agree that the basi: for insect resistance by deto.vifica tion is genetic in nature and tha
is ability to resist a poison can be ansmitted from generation to ineration. They also agree that the )ility to detoxify a poison is •esent even before insects are :posed to the poison. However, Dt all insects in the original jpulation have the same defensive )ility and resistant strains develop om survivors having enough initial sistance to overcome the poison. Most of the OSU research has
;en with houseflies.
"Houseflies are good experi- lental animals. They have a short fe cycle — about 30 days from egg I old age - and are economical to ork with," said Terriere.
Early stages of the research ivolved exposing flies to radio- ;tive pesticides and tracing these lolecules through their systems to :e what happened to them. Then, )out 10 years ago, the researchers mnd they could isolate the detox-
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78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW
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ification enzymes and research shifted to genetic and biochemical studies for a closer look at produc- tion and regulation of the enzymes. The scientists have discovered that flies resistant to pesticides produce more detoxification en- zymes than susceptible flies. Through genetic studies they also have been able to link enzyme production to specific chromo- somes. Perhaps the most important research results to date have been the discoveries that the detoxifica- tion enzymes appear to be cyclic, having varying degrees of activity depending on stage of the life cycle. There also seems to be a relation- ship between hormone production and production of defensive en- zymes.
This information suggests that there are stages in the life cycles of insects when they are resistant to insecticides and other stages when they are more susceptible.
Research is now getting into the metabohsm of hormones and the effect they have on detoxifying
»»»»*^^*#^#»#^^^<
►<^^»<^'»o»»'
Farm Credit Service
j Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578
PRODUCTION CRE DIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES
•
Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24
enzymes. Terriere suspects that the natural function of the enzymes is to destroy certain hormones and perhaps activate others to allow natural body changes. But because the enzymes are non specific and can attack any biologically active chemical, they also take on the task of breaking down insecticide mol- ecules.
Although OSU pioneered much of the research concerning insect detoxification, there are approxi- mately 20 groups of scientists worldwide who are now concerned with detoxification mechanisms in insects.
Their goal: stay one step ahead of insects that threaten both human health and food supply. Knowledge gained by reveaUng biochemical secrets of insects helps chemists design more effective insecticides that are less harmful to man and the environment, said Terriere.
Qjurtesy of Oregon's Agricultural Pro- gress and Oregon State University.
:iracaj3C:iEaj=lE2C3raE3CiClC3ClE3CSC3CaCXC3CiC3.C=lCiCaC^
R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc.
' I
Serving Agriculture
Helicopter Application
Division
CHEMAPCO. INC.
Cranberry Highway
West Wareham, Mass.
295-1553
11
ARTICLES
Continued from Page 9
865 New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1.25
1 1 65 Observations on the Simptons and Control of
Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1.25
166 Cranberry Pollination 1.25
266 Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1.25
666 Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 1.25
766 Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1.25
866 Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1.25
167 Telephone Frost Warning Device 1.75
167a Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1.25
367 Cranberry Vine Injury 1.25
467 Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1.25
567 Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1.25
1167 Cranberry Pollination 1.25
1267 Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1.50
168 Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1.25
268 Control of Fairy Ring Disease 1.25
773 Toleranceof Cranberries to the Experimental Herbicide San-9789 1.50
873a Some Speculation and Musings on the Possible Effect of Weather
During Bloom on the Massachusetts Cranberry Crop (Parts I & 2) .... 2.50
1073a An Aniysis of the DDT Controversy 3.00
169 New Herbicide (casoron) 1-25
369 Some Effects of Dichlobenil on the Physiology of Cranberries
in Massachusetts 1-50
369b Growth of Cranberry Plants in Pure Sands and in Weedy Areas
under Nova Scotia Conditions 1-75
469 Cultural Practices and Mechanization of Cranberry and
Wild Blueberry (Parts I, II, III, IV) 12.00
669 Anthocyanin Enhancement in "McFarlin" Cranberries at
Optimum Maturity 175
769 Pesticide Use in Massachusetts Cranberries 1-25
1069 Resandingof Massachusetts Bogs (Parts I & II) 2.50
1069a Cranberries Evaluated for Fresh Fruit and Processing Quality,
after Reduced Oxygen Storage (Parts I & 2) 1.75
1 269 The Rate of Disappearance of Parathion from Water Associated with
Two Massachusetts Cranberry Bogs 150
1269a Malathion Hastens Maturity of Highbush Blueberry Fruit 1.50
270 Reduced Chilling Requirement of McFarlin Cranberry Buds 1.25
370a Photo Period Effect on Plant Growth in Cranberry 1.50
470 Tolerance of Cranberry Vines to "Morcran" and Three Other
Experimental Herbicides 150
570a Cranberry Diseases in Nova Scotia 1.75
570b Cranberry Pollination 1-25
770a Effect of Herbicides on Vital Plant Systems 2.00
1070a Evaporation Cooling (Parts I & II) 4.00
1170a Nova Scotia Cranberry Insects 1-75
1270a Progress in Controlling Bird Damage to Crops 1-50
171 Cranberry Bog Microclimate 2.00
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:; FOR SALE ;;
4+ ACRE CRANBERRY BOG WITH 4 ACRES UPLAND :: lOOf BBL/ACRE ALLOTMENTS ::
SOUTH MIDDLEBORO CALL 746-8507
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1 rt
FOR
STODDARD, KEROSENE
or
HALF & HALF
Call
PILGRIM PETROLEUM
SERVICE, INC.
746-1111
FOR SALE 1500 GAL. OIL TRUCK
IDEAL FOR BOG SPRAYING
$1500.00
Call
PILGRIM PETROLEUM
746-1111
NCA President M. L. Urann, 'companied by his nephew, arcus M. Urann, Mrs. Urann, and iss Ellen Stillman, advertising rector of the National, have turned to Hanson from an ex- uded trip to the West Coast, iring which they conferred with cean Spray brokers in several ajor cities and attended meetings Washington and Oregon cran- '.rry growers.
Final plans for the co-ordinated arketing arrangement between merican Cranberry Exchange, itional Cranberry Association and ch independents as wish to join, 3re completed by a meeting of anberry growers from all pro- icing areas April 5 at the Hotel ew Yorker, New York. The grow- s, acting as an organizing commit- e, approved incorporation papers r the Cranberry Growers Council, id a proposed cooperative mar- king contract by which all owers who participate will market eir fresh berries through the merican Cranberry Exchange, and arket their processing berries '.rough the National Cranberry ssociation.
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- iny was in the process of re- quipping its warehouses and Ureamlining" . packaging equip- ent. When finished the company ill be able to pack and ship pidly in any type of container ^sired by the trade. D. C Ham- ond, Jr., estimates there will be 1-35 cellophane packing machines
the Company. It is hoped to be lie to pack 2,000-2,500 barrels a ty, using one 9-hour shift.
'■ Plymouth County growers, start- g with the active spring season, ill have 6 ft. 3 inches and a trifle >er 200 pounds of county agricul- 'ral agent to assist them in their
problems. This is Lewis F. Nor- wood, Jr., former football and basketball star, yet a young man who is appreciative of art and good photography.
Airline hitch-hiking by insect pests has become a serious problem among airlines reaching foreign countries, says the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Federal entomolo- gists are active in devising and testing ways of "disinsectizing" aircraft.
The Long Beach Peninsula (Washington) Cranberry Club met at its usual meeting place, Friday, March IL D. J. Crowley notified the growers that the 1949 spray chart was in print and would be distributed shortly. William John- son, Agricultural Engineer from the State College at Pullman, was
present and showed some slides of various methods of cranberry har- vesting. Frank Glenn of Cranguyma Farms also showed several reels of film, including cranberry scenes, and a travelogue of Glacier National Park.
Experimental fertilizer plots have been put out at the bogs of Mr. and Mrs. L. M. Kranick and of Harry Jackman, these tests being run by Dr. W. L. Pawers, soil scientist in charge of agronomy, Oregon State College, L. C. Warner, soil conservation specialist. State College, assisted by Coos County agent J. H. Wood. The main purpose is to study the possible benefits from minor elements such as Boron, copper, manganese and magnesium. These minors were added to a blanket fertilizer such as 5-10-10 of 3-10-10.
lOOOODDODPOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOS
Cranberry Growers Realty
Dealing EXCLUSIVELY In Massachusetts
cranberry acreage and upland. Listings
of buyers and sellers welcomed.
Tel. 888-1288
CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF MIDDLEBORO, ROCHESTER, WAREHAM & CARVER
DOUGLAS R. BEATON E. Sandwich, Mass. 02537
Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365
BOOOBBODOOOBDPBOBBI
13
NOVA SCOTIA
Continued from Page 3
inches as against the 50-year aver- age of 3.33.
Recently we received word that Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 1 282 entitled "Growing Cranberries" will probably be re- printed within a year. According to Dr. C. J. Bishop, Research Coordin- ator (Horticulture) with Agriculture Canada in Ottawa, some 8,000 copies have been distributed since it was published in 1969.
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OBECON
4.4,4.^.4.i.4.»^4.4.»»»i..H- ***** GROWERS MEETING
A cranberry growers meeting was held on April 9 in Bandon, according to Carey Hull, Southwest Oregon Cranberry Club president.
Along with a regular cranberry club business meeting, several guest speakers appeared. Iain MacSwan, extension plant pathology specialist and Ralph Garren, extension small fruits specialist, reviewed the 1974 Oregon cranberry insect and disease control recommendations which have just been released. In addition, both specialists answered grower questions on bog production prob- lems relating to their area of expertise.
Also appearing on this meeting program was Bernie Moore of the Oregon State University plant cHnic, who updated growers on the cranberry fungus disease surveys that have been continued over the past few growing seasons.
ol3iruai?y
John E. McFarland, 63, Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, did recently at the Howard Youil Medical Center in Woodruff.
Mr. McFarland was born Milwaukee Feb. 26, 1911. He w, one of the first cranberry growel in Manitowish Waters and he bui all the roads and dug the ditch necessary for that business.
He is survived by his wife, Jun two sons, John T. and Joseph ( ' Manitowish Waters; one daughtej Mrs. James (Ann) Jalinski of Siou i Falls, S. D.; five sisters, Mr I Howard Loos, Mrs. Harvey JohnscJ and Mrs. Ole Dalby of MadisoiT Mrs. John Specht of Platteville anf Mrs. James Drives of Sacrament(i Calif.; and seven grandchildren.
ft
cranberry growers
or just $2.50 per acre plus cost of materials applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungicides through your sprinkler systems. Compare these features:
No extra charge for fungicide applications when combined.
No waiting for fog to lift— also can work in the dark of night if necessary.
Spray is released near the crop for the most effective
results.
No need to worry about added health insurance of
employees.
No disposal problems of empty poison containers.
Consideration given "to large acreage.
All billing done in September.
I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this service. Call BOB ALBERGHINI, Wareham, Mass., at 295-9092. Leave a message with answering service if I am not at home.
Is
S
14
OMJOiMji
mm
FOR MOTHER ON HER DAY - A BERRY BREAKFAST IN BED
By Presidential Proclamation, Sunday, May 1 2th is Mother's Day, and isn't it befitting of this recognition to make it a truly special one from sunup all through the day. A morning surprise seems most appropriate— and what could be nicer than having the family cook up a breakfast especially for her. Considering the wholesome breakfasts mother prepares for all the family 364 days of the year— she certainly deserves this once-a-year respite from her daily chore.
Make this morning a merry one by joining with Dad, sisters and brothers to create a breakfast fit for a queen, and serve it elegantly on a tray. Be sure to rise before Mother's up-in most homes a difficult feat, but nonetheless it surely will be worth the effort to surprise her in this delightful way.
CRANBERRY SPARKLE
(Serves 4)
cups (1 pint) Ocean Spray anberry juice cocktail cups (1 pint) ginger ale, chilled strawberries, halved lemon quarters
smbine cranberry juice drink with nger ale. Pour into tall glasses over anberry rocks. Garnish with mon quarters and strawberries. To ake cranberry rocks, simply pour anberry juice into regular ice cube ay and freeze.
BERRY BENEDICT EGGS AND CANADIAN BACON
(Serves 4)
> slices Canadian bacon 4 cup maple or maple blended syrup
2 cup Ocean Spray cranberry- ange relish poached eggs prika
y bacon in a large skillet only itil sUces start to curl. Add maple rup and relish and turn slices to ■at them evenly. Simmer for 5 inutes or until piping hot. Place ces on a platter and add poached gs. Sprinkle eggs with paprika and rve with Cranberry Croissants.
Here's a menu she will adore, and it's all made in the twinkle of an eye. First of all, a tall glass of Cranberry Sparkle, which is as HI ting ly pretty as pink champagne. For your main dish, a delectable portion of Berry Benedict Eggs and Canadian Bacon sauced with a delectably sweet glaze. Cranberry Croissants round out this perfect good morning Mother's Day greeting.
No doubt about it, this token of love will be especially appreciated by mother-and there will be enough left over for the whole family to relish. *
CRANBERRY CROISSANTS
(Makes 16)
2 packages refrigerated crescent
rolls 1 can (8 ounces) Ocean Spray
jellied cranberry sauce, cut into
16 cubes 1/4 cup melted butter or margarine 1/3 cup sugar 1/4 teaspoon each cinnamon and
nutmeg
Open out dough and separate into triangle's. Place 1 cube of cranberry sauce on each triangle. Roll up dough as directed on package, enclosing cranberry cube. Place crescents on greased cookie sheet. Brush heavily with melted butter. Mix sugar and spices and sprinkle mixture heavily on crescents. Bake as directed on package. Serve warm. IS
EPA
Continued from Page 2
period for ethyl parathion is 15 days," Montelaro noted. "Now a radish crop is harvested within 25-27 days from seeding, so this regulation will make it extremely rough on growers."
Not Really Necessary
There is still serious question whether there is any need for re-entry standards. As Dr. J. T. Griffiths of Florida Citrus Mutual points out, "No one has been able to prove that re-entry intervals are needed. There is no proof, no data available that proves re-entry is a problem."
Substantial testimony was pre- sented at the 13 hearings held by EPA on re-entry standards that indicated little if any need for the proposed regulations. For example, Auburn University presented the results of two years of testing with cotton scouts. Base levels of cholinesterase were established from blood samples taken from the scouts before exposure. Samples were then taken from each of the 20 scouts every two weeks during the scouting season. No medically significant changes in cholinesterase levels were reported.
The Auburn study places serious doubt on the protective clothing requirement called for in the EPA standards. For example, workers coming in foUar contact must wear protective clothing (see box for description) if working in a field treated with certain specified chemicals.
AVG contacted Dr. Ronald Smith, Extension entomologist at Auburn University and asked the question: What did the cotton scouts involved in the test wear when working in the fields? His answer: "Mostly blue jeans with short-sleeved knit shirts, sometimes a long-sleeved shirt. Shoes? Any- thing from tennis shoes to some type of boots. Gloves? No gloves at all."
Then, obviously, these scouts were only in the field for very short periods of time or they would have 16
become ill according to EPA's theory. "Not so," Dr. Smith replied emphatically. "At least half of the time he is working— and usually this is an 8-hour day-the cotton scout is in the field and is in direct contact with the foHage.
"We usually wait 24 hours after application and on the highly toxic pesticides about 48 hours before sending a scout into the field."
Also included in EPA's proposed standards are ruhngs on posting of warning signs. These must include the name of the pesticide, date of appUcation, name of crop treated, location or boundaries of field or section treated, date that post- application and harvest entry times expire; the words Danger and Do Not Enter. And, all of this shall be in a letter size legible at no less than 25 feet.
Comments Due April 1 2
EPA set up a 30-day period for comment on the proposed stan- dards.
Few government proposals have aroused more protest than these re-entry standards. "We have had organophosphates on our spray schedule here in Michigan for 25 years," Dr. Jerry Hull of Michigan State University's Department of Horticulture points out, "and we have never had any illness reported as a result of workers re-entering the fields. How can EPA ignore 25 years of user experience? Yet that is exactly what it is doing.
"Instead of imposing arbitrary standards for which there is ab- solutely no scientific basis, EPA should either conduct itself or fund scientific studies throughout the U.S. to determine what, if any, re-entry hazards exist."
The various groups contacted by AVG had not yet formulated definite plans of attack, although all planned to submit written comments as quickly as possible after more thorough study of the regulations.
-American Vegetable Grower
HARVEST ENTRY TIM (DAYS)
ETHYL/ PARATHION GUTJt
Blueberries Cranberries
SOME EPA DEFINITIONS
POST APPLICATION TIME
Period of time inmiediately »i lowing application of pesticide c ; field, designated as either 12 her or 48 hours, before farm wora can enter without wearing proic tive clothing.
HARVEST ENTRY TIME
Period of time in days that m% lapse after field is treated witlflji pesticide before any farm worii not wearing protective clothu may be permitted to enter the fik to harvest any crop.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING \
A clean hat with a brim, a cla long-sleeved shirt and long-legji trousers or a coverall type garmet all of closely woven fabric cover ^ the body, including arms and Its shoes to entirely cover both ft I clean socks, and clean finger! i: gloves covering the back and froi of hands and wrists.
♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«.
WANTED :
CRANBERRY HARVEST CRATES
DEGAS CRANBERRY CO. WAREHAM, MASS.
617-295-0147
•»-♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦♦»♦»»♦
% septfing Ihe WISCBNSIIil gpoweps %
[CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE
ForDelivery in 1974
SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES
McFARLIN $300/ton
BEN LEAKS 750/ton
STEVENS 1,000/ton
LeMUNYON 1,000/ton
PILGRIMS 2,000/ton
All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin
I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year.
o-o-o
Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties.
Vernon Goldsworthy
B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant
Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521
i
CORRUGATED
CULVERT PIPE
and
FLOW GATES
Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated
Felker Bros. Mfg. Co.
MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121
SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! !
Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues.
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One Year $5.00
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Mail to: CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364
WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR
INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES
HERBICIDES
DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS
SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION
CAFTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE
DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN
PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2.4-D
Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co.
p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624
How city slickers pick cranberries.
Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper.
They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars.
Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries.
In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations.
They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them.