Bequest of

Kenneth K. Mackenzie
October 1944

“A7A7ZG, (Gye ale

( y me SSE
Released from Library
Horticultural Society of New York, Inc.

THE LuESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY

eee cee

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

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—— ee

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pm CRITICAL REVISION OF THE

GENUS KUCALYPTUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney)

WOR 2 EE
PARTS 17 — 20:

(WITH 40 PLATES.)

“ Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.” : Ta!
Macautay’s “Essay ON Maps! Ey OIRE

Published by Authority of \ 3
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALKS} ‘}»

Sudnev ;

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.

9771—a 1914,

INDEX.

[The names of Synonyms or Plants incidentally mentioned are in italics.

The page

containing the description is printed in heavier type. ]

PAGE.

An Tronbark Box... dob Be ws a 38
Andropogon citratus ... a Pe eae 69
Anthers with terminal spores... ss 83
Apple, Bastard ase ae 279
placka ae. ets er tae shes 19

Box ate 08 11, 122, 123, 278

Gum oe ne er a sa 74

Jack 278
Mountain... : hr i be ALG

5 Sic Oe co AR ee TE)

Ash, Black Mountain... see Fen BE 85
Mountain de fag ...83, 253
White ie Bis as 80 17
White Top iMisuihtain i ae os UT
Baker, R.T. ... nae ce +f os ul
Bargargro she cto Aa Bi 00 83
Barremma 105
Bastard Apple 279
Blue Gum 271

Box 2, 6, 8, 14, 193, 124, 267, 277
Ironbark ...85, 101

Bell Gum .. 196
Reyes ; 121
Beyeria cyanescens Benth. pace alls
Bibble 102, 116
Bimbil 113, 116
Bimble Box Bi as Sis Pee analy!
Black Apple ie bt 5: S one 19
Box ati 10, 19, 21, 65, 101, 122
Tronbark ... 66, 83, 105
Mallee A 30, 31, 33, 47
Mountain Ash... ae ae Ae 85

PAGE.

Blackbutt 77, 167, 189, 304
Black-heart Gum vis bce ae mf 53
Blue Box ... ...24, 124
Bush ae a pe an 241
Gum... .. 90, 92, 196, 246, 259, 267; 298
Mallee ane a0 os ee 2 42,
Boobyinda eS = ae a te 66
Bogan River Box 500 a6 ans ay dl
Boorrayero 121

121, 137

Boorrayero-Gourroo - :
Bosisto, Joseph ... see as S009 © ole: 1

Box sa ong et
Apple ul, 122, 123, 278
Bastard 2, 6, 8, 114, 123, 124, 267, 277
Bimble 33 By we «= 124
Black 10, 19, 21, 65, 101; 122
Blue ... ae ANG ...24, 124
Bogan River ‘as or 66 iis 11
Brown fe 128
Brush ...16, 118
Cabbage be on 122, 278
Coolibah ... ae Ate is i 12
Drooping... ote 30% sss ont 10
Dwarf Bt oe ue sas Ae 52
Flooded at a 7 LOS be
Forest Par at jas we 16
Fuzzy 123, 125
Grey 1,3; 10; 16, 17, 22, 35, 109, 118, 123, 267
Gum det ain Pee fre She 35
Gum-top rs 16s
Tail ee He vot Bee
Tronbark 1, 27, 101; 106
Large-leaved see nt bt So 21
Mallee .. 3D, 36
Mountain ... 16; 19

iv INDEX.

PAGE. PAGE.
Box, Narrow-leaved 11, 35, 36 | Easip a Ep net aS 83
Narrow-leaf Red 114 | Ege-in-ege-cup buds 5, 25, 103, 130, 165, 174, 225, 286
Narrow-leaf White 19 | Eucalyptus acacioides A. Cunn. 45, 47, 49
Poplar-leaved ee 116, 120 acmentoides Schauer 68, 159
Red ... By illo gO). tial its} affinis Deane and Maiden ... ...96, 101
River un Pe LO 36 alba Reinw. ... a Pec 161, 205
Round Shining Leaf 118 albens DC. ... aa Pe ae KS
Silver 24 albens Miq. ... ae ahs ...20, 101
Silver-leaved 74 alpina Lindl. hs bee 200
Spotted 93 amygdalina Labill. ... 8, 9, 178, 287
Stinking 278 amygdalina Schauer Fit a6 40
Swamp son. MO, fs angustifolia Turcz. ... Sky)
Swamp White 10 angustifolia Woclls ... ... 63, 64
Weeping ae ae ee Ms 73 | angustissima F.v.M. . 130, 220, 285
White | 3, 11, 16, 19, 22, 114, 118, 124 | annulata Benth. 204.
Yellow 2, 115, 123, 138 | apiculata Baker and Smith 178, 287
Box-tree ... é oa 15 | Baueriana Miq. a 120
Box-tree of the Mackenzie River 71 Baueriana Schauer 109, 111, 116, 120
Broad-leaved Ironbark ... 66, 72, 95 var. conica Maiden 111, 119, 123, 142
Broad-leayed Peppermint 279 Bauerlenti F.v.M. ... 508 Boe 78
Brown Box 123 Behriana F.v.M. UT Us Bria eH
Mallee sa 45 var. purpurascens F.v.M, 30, 31
Brush Box 16, 118 bicolor A. Cunn. ... 6, 17, 19, 36, 39, 52
Burrawang 257 54, 68, 108, 126, 140
Bwurawi ... 83 var. parviflora F.v.M. mts 9
bicolor Duff ... Sho ata)
bicolor Woolls his Sis a5 RI
Cabbage Box 122, 278 Boormani Deane and Maiden __... 5
Caley, Geo. 95 Bosistoana F.y.M. 1, 16, 38, 39, 94, 138
Cleland, A. F. 189 brachyandra F.v.M.... oe ane 62
Cléez, Prof. 157 brachypoda Turez. ... ntl tay (O7/
Coolabah ... 7, 10 brevifolia F.v.M. ... a ip: 51
Coolibah ... 52 buprestium F.v.M ... 195, 306, 307
Coolibah Box ne : 12 caesia Benth. ... 211, 214, 296
Cryptic description of a species 14 cajuputea F.y.M, ape ly ois
Curly Mallee 177 Caleyi Maiden 14, 90, 91, 95, 103
Curra Curra 11 calcicultric F.v.M. ... Aer ei 29
calophylla R.Br. Bae ee 202

calophylla R.Br. (Seedling

Darjan 1 depicted as FL. marginata
Dead Finish 157 through inadvertence) Riel oo
Den ...23, LO9 calycogona Turez. ...48, 49, 50, 104
Dern aa ae “a 5.20, LO9 var. celastroides Maiden 42, 49, 190
Descriptions of species by the older authors «.. 7 gracilis Maiden ... 47, 108, 148
Desert Gum or Mallee 241 286
Drooping Box 10 Thozetiana Maiden Bee 48
Dwarf Box 52 Cambagei Deane and Maiden 255, 268, 275
Mallee 211 Campaspe S. le M. Moore 202, 208, 209
White Gum 141 214, 222

INDEX.

PAGE.
Eucalyptus capitellata Sm. So od 153, 269
celastroides Turez. ... Ae ... 42, 49
cinerea F.v.M. es : 1d, 283
cladocalyz F.v.M. ... of, 148, “194, 263
Clelandi Maiden... a6 a 6 a9
Cloeziana F.v.M. ... oe ols 156
cneorifolia DC. Be ... 127, 168, 287
coerulescens Naudin Ba soo Ne
colossea F.v.M. sae cho Pe)
concolor Schauer 2, 153, jis), Weill, Sh
conica Deane and ae on hee 28
conoidea Benth. ... Sree PAIS
cordata Labull. AT, 263, 282, 296
cordata Miq. ... Boe 00 aon, 28)
cornuta Labill. Pe 166, 176, 305
var. annulata Pvt nee | 204
corrugata Lueh. ... ... 188, 198, 209
corymbosa Sm. ae iad 222, 263
corynocalyx F.v.M. ... ec 148, 308
cosmophylla F.v.M. 88, 226, 236, 245, 284,
296

-erebra F.v.M. 13, 62, 68, 64, 70, 73, 104,
108, 119, 156, 158

var. citrata F.v.M. ... oe 70
Dawsoni BR. T. Eaker Sen ale). ain ails
dealbata A. Cunn. 20, 24, 268, 275
decipiens Endl. — 130, 148, 149, 153, 155,
174, 182, 309

var. angustifolia Endl. eo 49
-var. latifolia Endl. ... sine yh AG

decurva F.v.M. 147, 172, 175, 180, 185
186, 191, 197

delegatensis R. T. Baker... we 209)
desertorum Naudin ... de van), 145)
diptera Andrews... ... 202, 204, 206
diversicolor F.v.M.... 298, 302, 3803, 305
diversifolia Bonpl. ... “as .. 226
diversifolia,Miq. ... ne sco ard)
doratoxylon F.v.M.... ... 194, 195, 197

drepanophylla F.v.M. 1, 67, 71, 102, 156,
159, 300

drepanophylla F.v.M. not Benth. Me

correction) 67
Drummondii Benth. 223
dumosa A. Cunn. 127

var. rhodophloia Benth. zo, | mls!
elacophora F.v.M. 267, 271, 275, 292
erythrocalyx Oldfield & Mueller — 230, 231
erythrocorys K.v.M. ... bier seoe WEY:
erythronema Turcz. ... Bcc «. 296

Vi:

PAGE.

Eucalyptus exinia Schauer Was 3) 205

faleata Turez. 147, 154, ‘15, 179, 186,
192, 197, 201

var. ecostata Maiden ... 175, 180
fasciculosa F.v.M. ... ... 104, 108, 140
jicifolia F.v.M. wie sas ws doz
Fletcheri R. T. Baker cee 111, 121

foecunda Schau. 37, 40, 43, 166, 169, 176,
185, 193, 215

Forrestiana Diels... aide see 90
fruticetorum F.v.M.... age 40, 47, 49
gamophylla F.v.M. ... ase Rac 75
gigantea Dehnh. ... one Bco | t)
gigantea, Wiki i... se oe ch
Galli Maiden wa Bc 168, 177
glauca DC. ... op ue se, eta)
globulus Labill. 248, 249, 259, 269, 271,
281, 296, 302

var. coronifera F.v.M. .. 200
gneorifolia G. Don. . o6c Boa) Lets)
gomphocephala DC. . ac 226
goniantha Turez. 155, 181, 188, 191, 199
200, 302

var. Clelandi Maiden ... : 189
goniocalyx F.v.M. 257, 260, 267, 274
280, 292

var. acuminata Benth. Se, Sette)
nitens Deane & Maiden... 273

pallens Benth. ... 268, 275
gracilipes Naudin ... 00 spate), NU

gracilis F.v.M. 40, 43, 48, 49, 104, 108
148, 168, 173, 285, 286

var. Thozetiana F.v.M. ag 48
gracilis Sieb. non 1a yallllpetnes ... 63, 64

“Griffithsii Maiden ... ... 188, 207, 208
grossa F.v.M. Aa pe 202, 210
Guilfoyle: Maiden ... rs 300, 301
Gunnit Hk. f. ee Bee 281, 284

var. acervula Deaneand Maiden 120
hemastoma DC. non Sm. ... ... 63, 64
hemastoma Miq. ... ee et f(a)
hemastoma Sm... aR ... 6, 293

var. micrantha Benth. 64, 67, 220
hematostoma Smith... Bh Poe 63

hemiphloia F.v.M. 1,3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 32,
36, 93, 101, 118, 126, 161, 291

var. albert F.v.M. 14, 20, 93, 94,

‘ 101, 103, 109

microcarpa Maiden 12, 14, 125

V1
Eucalyptus hemiphloia F.v.M. (continued) PAGE,
var. parviflora Maiden 17
purpurascens, Maiden... 30, 31 |
Howittiana F.v.M.
hypericifolia Dum-Cours 129
hypericifolia Link ... 129 |

incrassata Lab. 91, 107, 127, 146, 181,
186, 194, 199, 201, 202, 204, 208, 209,
210, 212, 226, 309

var. angulosa Benth.

conglobata R.Br. 130, 154, 204

207, 222

dumosa F.v.M. 31, 130, 175, 176,

270, 309

goniantha Maiden 200
grossa Maiden 210 |
intertexta R. T. Baker 142 |

Lansdowneana Mueller and J. E.
Brown ... “Ae : soa BOE Bill
largiflorens F.v.M. 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 19, 41,
52, 68, 108, 124, 140
167, 177

leptophleba F.v.M. (drepanophylla
Benth.) 5, 14, 62, 67, 102, 159
leptophylla Miq. ... 143, 144, 175
leptophylla F.v.M. ... one w=: 144
leptopoda Benth. 174, 218, 219, 287
Le Souefii Maiden ... ... 187, 190, 199
leucoxylon F.v.M. 3, 4, 14, 24, 28,
36, 82, 87, 88, 194,

lawrifolia Behr.

296, 297
var. angulata Benth. 91
erythrostema F.y.M. 91

macrocarpa J. K. Brown 92

minor Benth. .. 84, 92

pallens Benth. .. 84, 91
pauperita J. K. Brown ... 92
pluriflora F.v.M.... 29, 35, 90
pruinosa F.v.M. ... 91
rostellata F.v.M. 91

vugulosa F.v.M. 91

linearis Dehnh. 287
longicorns F.v.M. ... a 166
longifolia Link and Otto ... 89, 295
loxophleba Benth. ... 166
var. fruticosa Benth. ... oh 37
macrocalyx Turez. ... & 230, 231
macrocarpa Hook. ... 91, 231, 236, 289

macrorrhyncha F.v.M.
maculata Hook

220, 226
257, 263

+

62

214 |

| Eucalyptus Maideni F.v.M.

INDEX.

PAGE,

252, 255, 256, 271, 281
... 166, 299, 307

307
133
Mazeliana Naudin ... 4 sais 76
megacarpa F.v.M. 232, 244, 245, 246,
255, 296, 302

53, 63, 66, 67, 70,
TA, 15

melliodora A. Cunn, 2, 4, 10, 13, 26, 28,
36, 87, 95, 108, 115, 116, 185, 143
micrantha DC, : 220
micranthera F.v.M. ... 147, 154, 308
71, 81, 159, 270

12, 51, 62, 67, 73, 156,

marginata Sm,
var. Staerii Maiden

marginata Sm. (Seedling) ...

melanophloia F.v.M.

microcorys F.v.M.
microtheca F.v.M.

159

miniata A. Cunn. 214
Mortoniana Kinney 256
multiflora Poiret 80
multiflora Rich, 80
myrtifornis Naudin 29
Naudiniana F.y.M. 116 5 Ass)
nitens Maiden 272
obcordata Turez. 204
var. nutans Maiden Soon ANY
obliqua L’ Hénit. 20, 284, 291, 294
var. alpina Maiden 292
obovata Lab. base ee Le)
ochrophloia F.v.M. 48, 49, 50
odorata Behr. and Schlecht 1, 4, 12, 16

26, 38, 42, 43, 47, 124,
139, 161, 168
odorata Behr. forma angustifolia

Hy. Mires. 30

var. cajuputea F.v.M. 5 34
calcicultriz Mig. = KH.

calcicultrix of F.v.M. ... 90

caleicultria F.v.M. 27,28, 35,38, 44

erythrandra F.v.M. ate 30
erythrostoma F.v.M 26, 27, 28

linearis Maiden ... ... 45; 46
purpurascens Maiden 15, 29, 35
Woollsiana Maiden 17, 32, 36
Oldfieldii F.v.M. 207. 228, 236, 310
var. Drummondii Maiden —-223, 228

oleosa F.v.M. 127, 147, 152, 165, 178, 181,
185, 193, 201, 218, 220, 225, 285, 286
yar. Flocktoniz Maiden 185

glauca Maiden 167, 177, 185, 193

Eucalyptus oleosa (continued) PAGE.
var. latifolia Ks joo alts
leplophylla F.v.M. 143, 146
longicornis F.v.M. noo | LAS
oligantha Schauer ... 117,160
orbifolia F.v.M. 227, 228
ovalifolia R. T. Baker .. 109, 111, 114
var. lanceolata R. T. Baker
and H. G. Smith 109, 111
pachyloma Benth. ... 226
pachyphylla F.v.M. 198, 199, 225, 230,
232, 236
pachyphylla Cunn. MSS. 232
pachypoda F.v.M. ... 210
pallens DC. ...21, 275
pallens Miq. non DC. 20
pallidifolia F.v.M. : 243
paniculata Sm. 63, 64, 85, 97, 104, 140,
142, 143
var. angustifolia Benth. 104, 108
(2) conferta Benth. 104
fasciculosa Benth. 104, 140, 141
parviflora F.v.M. TQ
; patens Benth. 302, 304, 306, 307
patentiflora Miq. pee ete
pendula A. Cunn. ano eats.
pendula Page 8
perfoliata Desf. 250
perfoliata Noisette ... rey all
perforata Behr. . 144, 165, 168
perforata F.v.M. 30
persicifolia DC. esc 14
pilularis Sm. 8, 80, 260
Pimpiniana Maiden... ioe Sit? |
piperita Sm. 221, 291
Planchoniana F.v.M. 296

pleurocarpa Schauer
plurilocularis F.v.M.

INDEX.

75, 205, 214 |

244

polyanthemos Benth. non Saiyres 121

polyantaemes Schauer 9, 25,

109, 116,

119, 120, 125, 135, 161
polyanthema Schauer var. glauca,

R. T. Baker
polybractea R. T. Baker
' populifolia Hook.

populnea F.v.M.
porosa F.v.M.
' Preissiana Schauer

109, 111
.. 41, 42

9, 11, 19, 109, 113,

116, 161
109
29

232, 236, 243, 247,

255

vil

PAGE,

Bucalyptus pruinosa Schauer. ... 73, 161, 214
pruinosa Turez. 230, 233
ptychocarpa F.v.M. ee Boo | BY
pulverulenta aff. H. (Hooker)... 72
pulverulenta Link ... nor w. 251
pulverulenta Sims... 73, 75, 177, 178, 283
pulvigera A, Cunn. . 283
punetata DC. 78, 168, 221, “229, 226, 246,
260, 270

purpurascens (R.Br.) F.v.M. .. 30, 31
pyriformis Turez. 199, 228, 229, 232
241, 296

var. elongata Maiden 230, 235
minor Maiden 225, 230, 235
Rameliana Maiden 230, 235

quadrangulata Deane and Maiden 119;

271, 274
racemosa Cay. ae oe ah 63
Rameliana F.v.M. ... 230, 232
Raveretiana F.v.M. .. 54, 61
reqnans F.v.M. er, aa ie 08
resinifera Sm. .. 226, 249, 291
Risdoni Hk. f. 178, 284
robusta Sm. ... .. 148, 296, 297
rostrata Schlecht. 10, 54, 135
rostellata Behr. Ba aii ot 91)
rudis Endl. 5, 54, 204, 305
Rudderi Maiden... 116, 118, 126
rugulosa F. Mill. ... Ju sae 91
saligna Sm. 81, 298
salubris F.v.M. ... 165, 174, 286
salmonophloia F.V. M. 173, 217, 219,

222, 287
santalifolia F.v.M. ... 40, 127, 150
scoparia Maiden... ae ane 78
sepuleralis F.v.M. ... FAD Beeay el
setosa Schauer Se are. noe dls}
siderophloia Benth. 1, 5, 25, 66, 108;

156, 159

var. glauca Deane and Maiden 97
sideroxylon A. Cunn. 66, 82, 88, 91, 94,
95, 96, 101, 103, 108, 139

var. pallens Benth. ... Ea! 96
Sieberiana F.v.M. ... 78, 269
Smithii R. T. Baker aie ae 76
socialis F.v.M. be Bbc cee LOM

var. laurifolia F.v.M. 167, 177
spodophylla F.v.M. rae see 74

squamosa Deane and Maiden... 221

viii INDEX.

PAGE. PAGE.
Eucalyptus Staigeriana F.v.M. St ... 62, 69 | Flockton, Margaret sid 185
stannariensis Bailey aoe ... 157 | Flooded Box is ‘es ae 506 sp. 10). i553}
Stoneana Bailey... ats Reg 67 Gum... 3 Ae soo, LDL ay
Stricklandi Maiden ... a ... 202 | Fluted Eucalypt 178
stricta R.Br. om a 1. 129 || Forest Box ; bee 16
stricta Sieb. ... ... 29, 45, 128, 1380, 165 | Fuzzy Box er ‘. oe ie 123, 125

Stuartiana MacMahon ae 157, 158

Stuartiana F.v.M. 124, 126, 150, 221,
263, 271, 280, 291 | Ghinghit ... 72
var. cordata Baker and Smith 284 | Giant Eucalypts ... 298
subrotunda R.Br. 121 Gum 272
tereticornis Sm... sao Jalls}, Litre, 13%s) Mallee 218
var. amblycorys F.v.M. 221, 222 | Gill, Walter 177
dealbataDeaneand Maiden 24 | Gimlet Wood 173
sphaerocalyx F.v.M. 221, 222 | Ginghi 72
squamosa Maiden ... 221 | Goborro 10
terminalis Britten non F.v.M. _ ... 63, 64 | Green Mallee 45
terminalis Sieb. ... ah: ... 107 | Green Top ” vee eee oe on 16
tetragona F.v.M. ... ae ... 75,214 | Grey Box... 1,3, 10, 16, 17, 22, 35, 109, 118, 123, 267
tetraptera Turez. ... 3. ee 22 Box-tree vs oe vee we 1
Todtiana F.v.M. ... ie. 305, 306 Gum it aye ae 78, 93, 246, 260
Thozetiana F.v.M. ... 43, 48, 50, 161 Tronbark _... Se see ... 65, 105, 107
torquata Lueh. we aes 186, 203, 204 | Griffiths, John Moore 208
tristis Herb. Mill .. =... = 9 | Guamgan.. we 210
turbinata Behr. et F.v.M. ... ... 168 | Guilfoyle, Wm. Robert ... 301
uncinata Turez. 130, 143, 152, 175, 181, | Gum, Apple 74
285, 287, 308, 309 Bastard Blue 271
var. latifolia Benth. ... pe a4 3 Black-heart 53
(2) major Benth. ... ga cee Bell... = =e aot many ING
major Benth. ... fr 309 Blue ee 90, 92, 196, 246, 259, 267, 298
rostrata Benth. ... 144, 172, 193 Box 35
urnigera Hk. f. ... ... 261, 296, 297 Desert 241
var. elongata Rodway... ca dal Dwarf White ay a ec . 141
viminalis Labill, ...78, 127, 136, 221, 262 Woe eL sto cote) LIB, LDL, ET
var. pedicellaris F.v.M. a 6 Giant ates Berea a iste ee ed
virgata Sieber Sant cians «eee OST Grey cee oe ee ace 78, 93, 246, 260
var. stricta Maiden... ...45, 130 Hill oe a 141
viridis R.T. Baker... ... «.. 45 Large fruited red-flowering 92
Whittinghamiensis Hort. ... me On Large fruited white-flowering 92
Woodwardi Maiden ae ees Manna 253
Woollsiana R. T. Baker... ... 17, 83 Monkey Re Tet ek PO at)
Woollsitti F.v.M. ... 45 oe 205 Mountain ... ae joe WANS), aie, 21 PAs}
xzanthonema Turez. ... ae ww. 144 Peppermint 35
Youngiana F.v.M. ... ... 230, 231 Pink sh age oe = eee «EL
Eurabbie ... 253 Red 508 aa sas ... 110, 114, 135
Ribbon 253
Round-leaved 113
Fat Cake ... : a eee ... 83, 86 Sand 141
Fat Cake Ironbark oe a Bot nee 83 Scrub 141

INDEX. ix

Gum, Scrub Blue 92
Slaty Sse eo LAO)
Spetted 114, 257, 259, 267
Stringybark ne, 292
Swamp 151, 175
Whipstick ... one ae 60 oot 46
White 82, 88, 116, 141, 208, 224, 259,

White Desert

Yellow

York
Gum-top Box :
Gum-topped Stringybark
Gungurru

Heteroblastice specimens
Hill Box ...
Hill Gum ...
Homoblastic specimens ...
Hybridism

Tronbark ...

Ironbark, Bastard
Black ...
BOX
Box-tree
Broad-leaved
Fat cake
-Grey
Mountain
Narrow-leaved

Narrow-leaved Red ...

Pale

Red
Red-flowering
Rough-barked
Silver ...
Silver-leaved ...
Smooth bark ...
Stunted

Tree

White ...

White Narrow-leaf ...

Tles Stériles

39, 97,1

72

03, 139, 176, 255, 296

Pion eG

...85, 101

66, 83, 105

1, 27, 101, 106
Hf 1

66, 72, 95
eases

65, 105, 107

nde aw AOE
64, 65, 104, 107
66

aay OT

66, 82, 105

83

85

eg ee ak
90, 92, 93, 101, 105
107

PAGE,

Is EL. hemiphloia F.v.M. conspecific with BE.
albens Miq.? ace ee dad Bao 21
Jarrah. ace 502 ben 560 con ASH)
Jerrigree ... ae se si ee 8c 77
Jimmy Green... 500 ore 0c 306 77
Karri oe 298, 303
Kank in filament wa 143, 147
Kullingal ... se ae ae ie eee 74.
Lambertia ericifolia R.Br. ae ie area aed:
Large-fruited Red-flowering Gum __... eee 92
Large-fruited White-flowering Gum ... Son 92
Large-leaved Box 500 non 38e oie 21
Le Souef, Ernest oe Res ae Be ail
Leaf-pits caused by insects... Cot 243

Lignum Vite ... ‘i is 116, 120
Lippia citriodora H.B. & K... 0 aa 69
Loranthus ie os a Se ee a

Macrozania spiralis Miq. 200 20s san NE)

Madam Pepperweath ... Str 08 thoy MS!
Mahogany Red 113, 291
Mallee ... 42, 46
Black ae ... 00, 31, 33, 47
Blue ane Ses is ans ne 42
Box Ae sae me ee nae Cy Oho
Brown ... ss so ae aa 45
Curly emer sa OF ort an ET
Dwarteeeer. ae is ae Reh radial
Giantieres. me ash are neo) alls!
Green... as Abe uss ae 45
Pink Ris se aot ai 508 31
Red oe we ae 31, 45, 146, 170
Red-flowering ... sn fc Bee 32
Thin-leaved ae Be & he fake)
Water... Bat ce Nee coal
Whipstick nde 42, 46, 146
Manna ... a. we ay Bs oh 78
Manna Guim cat a Le He ae We pei)

x INDEX.

PAGE.
Mazel, M. ae sok aa sae aes TH
Messmate 500 nas 50 aes sho. allayrf
Mogargro ... 006 200 abt 306 rem LOD
Moitch ... ae ie 508 a ao Lila
Mokaarago AOD die Be bee a 65
Monkey Gum... 6c oe Bar = 209
Moogar... aco doo on ot a5 86
Morongle trees... oat SEE Aes sto. 124
Morral ... cee at Se ac wee 240
Morrel_... ane ae sot <a 66
Mountain Apple ou ahs bbe Ny
AS ia See a fsa 83,2
Doz (kat ae ae Bas
Gum sc. =. 115,2ba,270, 273
Tronbark oa vi ane sis 96 |
Mugga_... cod ane 006 an a 82
Napunyah one ad MS a oe 48
Narrow-leaved Box sue si Bb 11, 35, 36
Tronbark ade 64, 65, 104, 107
Red Box a. a ae 114
Reditrenbark ... - ..=m as 66
White Box a ric or 19
Native Bears... pat oe ia fee 209
Nettaring a8 oot aH ap Soo. PAG,
Pairs of Species ... oe sas if nichaee yee
Pale Ironbark _... “8 we ot ae O07
Panicle-flowered White Gum ... ie ee 180
Parragilga sag Rs Be a son OE
Parrajilja ... ae 606 Be ase eee:
Peeneri ... sa . soon ed)
Peppermint ofc 26, 27, 33, 42, 71, 166, 186, 295
Peppermint Broad-leaved ost “h eee
Peppermint Gum ai 58 ft obs 35
Whipstick ... ae ig as 43
Pimpin _... ode 008 ee on 350 elit
Pink Gum Ra sido aa aa Sacae anita
Mallee ont a3 oe tae st 31
Poot ios bie Be Pc 166
Poplar-leaved Ros S00 O00 ‘116, 120 |
Prefatory note on £, ein “Woolls (also
R. T. Baker) not A. Cunn... is aa 7
Rectifying a description a ie Za Zo

Red Apple abs odie ane A oe 19

Red Box . a
ewe ering Troi henle
-flowering Mallee
Gum
Tronbark
Mahogany
Mallee
or round Shining- leat Box

Redwood ...

Ribbon Gum

River Box

3 | Rough-barked ronbale! ;

Round-leaf Box ...
Gum
Round Shining-leaf Box

Salmon-barked Eucalypt

Sand Gum

Scented Verbena :

Scholtzia leptantha Benth.

Scrub Gum

Scrubby Blue Gum

Semi-truncate anther

Silver Box

Silver Ironbark ...
-leaved Box
-leaved Ironbark
Top

Slaty Gum :
Smooth-barked Teonbark

Spotted Box
Gouna

Staiger, Karl Theodore ...
Stinking Box
Stringybark

Gum 00

Gum-topped
Strong species
Stunted Ironbark

Swamp Box - ,..
Gum Sie
White Box

Tallow Tree wee
Wood ... on

.. 110, 114, 135
66, 82, 105

PAGE.

3, 8, 11, 110, 111, 118

85
32

113, 291

31, 45, 146, 170

114, 257, 259, 267

113
295

w 258
... 10, 36
85

123

113

113

175
141
69
215
141
92
143
24
66
74

72, 86, 95

272

35) UG)
300 93
93

69

278

292

292

292

248

og 96
peLO Ne
151, 175
one 10

ee
101, 270

Tangoon ...

Teering

Thattinebark

Thin-leaved Mallee

Tingle Tingle, Yellow

_ Toothed leaves

Torrangora re
Tristania conferta R.Br.

True or Yellow Box of Camden
Truncate anther ...

Tubercles on margins of leaves...

Urac

Verbena, Scented
Victorian Mountain Ash

Wandoo
Water Mallee
Weeping Box
Eucalyptus
Whipstick Gum ...
Mallee
Peppermint ...

INDEX. xi
PAGE. PAGE.
52 | White Ash . re ss Ar 77
soo. IOS) Box 8, 11, 16, 19, 22, 114, 118, 124
105, 107 Box Tree ... 20
145 Desert Gum Fe oe ton oe 93
302 Gum 82, 88, 116, 141, 208, 224, 259, 267, 272
273 Ironbark ... 90, 92, 93, 101, 105
sos Os: Narrow-leaved Ironbark 107
PealG nls Top 77
121 topped Mountain 17
83 | Willow Tree Abc 10
272 | Woodward, Bernard Henry 500 jon alle)
Woolly Butt 123, 279, 294, 295, 304
Wul Wul ... 1
Wuruk 217

240
Yandee 40
Yandert ae 90
Yapunyah ... 48, 50
69 | Yarra 135
298 |. Yate ae OS TICE
Yellow Box 2, 115, 123, 188
Gum 270
Jacket es 136
224 or Bastard Box ... 2
170 Tingle Tingle 302
73 | Yerrick 83
8 | Yinik 83
; 46 | York Eucalypt 166
42,46, 146 | York Gum 40
43 | Yucca p 129

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—isis

rig i?

Pe OGraricue REVISION OF THE
CENCE UCALYETUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney)

Vor Fk,’ Parra
Part XI of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

** Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
Macautay’s ‘Essay on MILton.”

' PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svdnev ;

APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET,

1910,

WILLIAM

* 52252—A

XLI. Eucalyptus Bosistoana, F. v. Mueller.

Description ; ; ‘ : : :
Notes supplementary to the denteration

Synonym

Range

Affinities

XLII, Eucalyptus bicolor, A. Cunningham.

Description
Synonyms.
Note on (a) Hue Tamigland, ee M.
(b) - bicolor, Duff (partim.)
Range
Affinities

XLII. Eucalyptus hemiphloia, F. v. Mueller.

Description : : , : ‘ :

_ Notes supplementary to the dics
Range
Affinities

Var. microcarpa, Maiden.

Description

Sy aon. —. : : :
Range

Affinities

Var. albens, F. v. Mueller.
Synonyms .
Is E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., Poe ascitic with E. aiicnis Maa. 3 ?

Range.
Affinities

[Si Ce}. Woy Wey) {ops

14
15

18
18

XLIV. Eucalyptus odorata, Behr & Schlechtendal.

Description : : ; : : ; ; ;
Notes supplementary to the description

Synonyms.
Varieties

Var. calcicultrix, Miquel.
Notes supplementary to the description

Synonyms .

Var. purpurascens, Maiden.
Synonyms .

Var. Woollsiana, var. nov.
Synonym

mange (Ol Species) ~-
Daestype form -
Var. ealcicultrix, F.v.M.
Var. purpurascens, Maiden .
Var. Woollsiana, Maiden

Affinities
XLIV. (a). An Ironbark Box.
Description ; F
Range.
Affinities

XIV Eucalyptus fruticetorum, F. v. Mueller.
Synonym 5 E : : : : : :
Range

Affinities

XLVI. Eucalyptus acacioides, A. Cunningham.

Synonyms
Range.
Affinities

30

AI
4I

46
47

XLVIT. Eucalyptus Thozetiana, F. v. Mueller.

PAGE.

Synonyms. ; : ; , ; é : : 48
Range : : : 5 : : ‘ : : 48
Affinities 49

ALVII. Eucalyptus ochrophloia, F. v. Mueller.

Affinities. ‘ : : : : : 7 , : 50

XLIX. Eucalyptus microtheca, F. v. Mueller.

Description : : : : . : 5 2 : : 51

Notes supplementary to the deseription . : 51

Synuon ya), : ; ‘ : ‘ ; : : : : 5 51

E. brachypoda, Vurcz., notasynonym . : : : : Bi

_ Range : : : ; : : : : 5 ‘ : 52
Affinities 53

Explanation of Plates . : : ; , : ; ; 54

co wi) yee

DESCRIPTION:
XLILL—E. Bosistoana, !.v.M.

Australasian Journal of Pharmacy, October, 1895.

Finally tall; branchlets slender, at first angular.

Leayes.—On rather short petioles, almost chartaceous, mostly narrow or elongate-lanceolar, some-
what falcate, very copiously dotted with translucent oil glandules, generally dull-green on both sides, their
lateral venules distant, much divergent, the peripheric venule distinctly distant from the edge of the leaf,
all faint.

Leaves of Young Seedlings.—Roundish or ovate, scattered, stalked; umbels few-flowered,
either axillar-solitary or racemosely arranged.

Peduneles.—Nearly as long as the umbels or oftener variously shorter, slightly or sometimes
broadly compressed.

Pedicels.— Usually much shorter, rather thick and angular.

Tube of the Calyx.—Turbinate-semiovate, slightly angular.

Lid.—Fully as long as the tube, semiovate-hemispheric, often distinctly pointed.

Stamens.— All fertile, the inner filaments abruptly inflected before expansion ; anthers very small,
cordate or,ovate-roundish, opening by longitudinal slits.

Style.—Short ; stigma somewhat dilated.

Fruit.—Comparatively small, nearly semiovate, its rim narrow, its valves 5-6 or rarely 4, deltoid,
totally enclosed, but sometimes reaching to the rim; sterile seeds very numerous, narrow or short ; fertile
seeds few, ovate, compressed, slightly pointed.

In swampy localities at Cabramatta, and in some other places of the County of Cumberland and
also in the County of Camden (Rev. Dr. Woolls) ; near Mount Dromedary (Miss Bate); near Twofold Bay
(L. Morton) ; near the Genoa (Barnard) ; on the summit of the Tantawanglo Mountains, and also near the
Mitchell River (Howitt); between the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers (Schlipalius); near the Strezlecki
Ranges (Olsen). The “Wul Wul” of the aborigines of the County of Dampier; the “ Darjan ” of the
aborigines of Gippsland. Called locally by the colonists of New South Wales “ Lronbark Bow-tree,” and in
some places also “Grey Box-tree,” which appellations indicate the nature of the wood and bark, though
the latter may largely be shedding.

As richly oil-yielding and also as exuding much kino, this tree is especially appropriate to connect
therewith the name of Joseph Bosisto, Esq., C.M.G., who investigated many of the products of the Eucalypts,
and gave them industrial and commercial dimensions. :

This species in its systematic affinities is variously connected with 2, odorata, B. siderophloia,
- &. hemiphloia, and B. drepanophylla. A fuller account of this valuable tree will early be given.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

Shortly after the publication of #. Bosistoana, I wrote to Baron von Mueller,
pointing out that he had confused two trees in his description—namely, a “ Grey
Box” and an “ Ironbark Box.” He thanked me for the information, and stated he
intended to publish further notes on the tree (as, indeed, he promised at the
conclusion of the description), but his intention was frustrated by pressure of work
and subsequent death, I will endeavour to make # Bosistoana quite clear—that

9

J

is to say, the tree almost exclusively referred to in the description—and will touch
upon the confusion which has arisen when referring to the Ironbark Boxes in this
and a later Part.

It is a species which has successively been confused by Mueller (and by
Woolls and others following Mueller), with H. bicolor, EH. melliodora, and
E. odorata.

SYNONYM.

E. bicolor, Woolls (Contrib. Flora of Australia, 232), non A. Cunn. ;
see also p. 7 of the present Part.

In the Woollsian herbarium, which is my property, there is a specimen in Dr. Woolls’
handwriting bearing the following label :—

“ Yellow or Bastard Box, half-barked when young, nearly smooth when full-
grown. Hard wood. Height, 120 feet. Cabramatta. £. bicolor.”

On another occasion, Dr. Woolls labelled a similar specimen from Cabramatta
“ # lurgiflorens.”

There is no question as to the identity of this tree, even if his specimens did
not make it quite clear. It is #. Bosistoana, F.v.M., is typical for the species, as
determined by Mueller himself (Mueller first labelled this specimen L. odorata, Behr.,
and then 2. Bosistoana), and the assumption that Woolls’ determination of the tree
as H. bicolor was correct has given rise to some curious mistakes. See my paper,
Proc, Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxvii, 519 (1902), for a full account of the matter.

fee Gree.

So far as we know at present, it is confined to eastern New South Wales, from the
\Hawarra and the southern tableland in the north as far as north Gippsland (Bairns-
dale district), Victoria, in the south.

VICTORIA.

It grows only in Gippsland, especially on limestone formations, commencing to the westward of
Bairnsdale, and extending beyond Lake Tyers. Unfortunately, it grew principally upon lands which were
required for settlement, and, consequently, immense quantities of this tree have been ringbarked. It is
still found growing on some private lands, on some unalienated Crown lands, in the neighbourhood of
Lake King, and in Cunninghame State Forest.—(A, W, Howitt, in an unpublished official report, 1895.)

New Soura WALEs.
Even (A. W. Howitt).

Following is a copy of a label by Oldfield (dated 1866), in Herb. Barbey-
Boissier : “‘ Box-tree.—Tree 160 feet ; bark dark grey, spongy on trunk ; limbs very
white, soft to the touch, like velvet. Stony Ranges, called Mountain Hut Range,
near Eden, Twofold Bay.” Later, the label bears the name LH. lewcoxylon in
Oldfield’s handwriting. The specimens are #. Bosistoana, F.v.M.

There are similar specimens in Herb. Cant., labelled “No. LX Hucalyptus
leucoaylon, F.M., ‘ Box-tree,’ New South Wales, Hb. Oldfield,’ and, doubtless, in

other herbaria.

This is the key, in my opinion, to the use of the name ‘ Box” having been
attached to FE. lewcoxylon. The name box is never used in Australia for true
E. leucoxylon, so far as my experience goes. If it is so used, it must be very rarely.

Bega district; also, ‘‘ Red, Grey, White Box,” Cobargo (J. S. Allan); Mt.
Dromedary (Miss Bate); ‘“ Grey Box,” Noorooma (A. Langley); abounds in
Wagonga district (F. R. Benson); “Grey Box” (J. V. de Coque) and “ Red Box”
(J. S. Allan), both in the Moruya district ; Lower Araluen (J.H.M.); Milton; also
* Yellow Box,” West Dapto (R. H. Cambage) ; “ Box,” or “White Box,” of Razor-
back, 4 miles from Wingello (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Marulan (A. Murphy).
(#. Bosistoana, from Marulan, was provisionally determined by F.v.M. as H. bicolor

many years ago.) Bullio to Wombeyan (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

Cabramatta district, County of Cumberland, occurring between Bankstown
and the Cabramatta railway station, and also thence to Bringelly and Cabramatta
(now Rossmore).

Woolls’ Cabramatta specimens, already referred to, have large, plump
flower-buds ; there are no fruits.

«There used to be some large trees of it near Bringelly, growing in a swampy
place. Wood reddish-yellow and very tough when dry.” (W. Woolls.)

Then on specimens collected by J. L. Boorman at Bankstown, on 8th
February, 1900, he and I made the following notes :—

“No. 13, ‘Yellow Box.’ Very tall trees, ribbony base. Clean grey tips
from 12 to 14 feet from ground. Leaves elliptic ovate, acuminate, of a glaucous
colour. ‘Timber yellow. Usually known as Bastard Box.”

Subsequently, on 20th July, 1901, I went to Cabramatta with Mr. Boorman
and interviewed Mr. Hoy, a local resident, in regard to the range of this tree in the
district, and compared the local Grey Box (#. hemiphloia) with it. See Affinities,

p- 4.
B

APEINIRIES:

1. With E. odorata, Behr.
The odorata of Howitt’s paper, “The Eucalypts of Gippsland.” Trans.
Roy. Soc. Vict., 1890, is H. Bosistoana.

The Bairnsdale Grey Box is one of our most durable, and from the large size attained, one of the
most valuable of our timber trees. Until I examined its characters critically, and until its botanical
peculiarities were investigated, at my instance, in collections which I forwarded to Baron von Mueller, it
was considered locally as “Yellow Box” (Z. melliodora), to which it has a slight superficial resemblance.
—(Report of A. W. Howitt, 1895.)

It differs from #. odorata in the greater paleness of its timber, its more erect,
habit, and in other characters.

LE. Bosistoana belongs to a group of species including HL. odorata, melliodora,
to) ten) P to)
leucoxylon, and others, which have almost similar rims to the nearly ripe fruit.

2. With EF. hemiphloia, F.v.M.

E. Bosistoana is often known as “ Yellow Box,’
sometimes known as “ Grey Box.” Both are upright growing trees, with broad
suckers. It is called “ Yellow Box” at Cabramatta (Dr. Woolls’ original locality
for the species), and I was at considerable pains, with Mr. Hoy, a local resident, and
Mr. Boorman, to ascertain the local differences between it and H. hemiphloi.

b]

it is also like 2. hemiphloia,

Lt. hemiphloia is known locally as “Grey Box.” . Bosistoana (‘ Yellow
Box’’) has straighter timber than the Grey. It grows on swampy, low ground, but
then keeps shrubby ; on high ground it makes good timber.

The Grey Box timber turns black or grey; the Yellow Box keeps yellow for
a long time, and this colour shows in old timber when freshly adzed. This is the
origin of the name. Grey Box keeps on dry, hilly ground.

The fruits of Z. hemiphloia are more cylindrical.

3. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.

It is worthy of note that the immature fruits of this species have a marked
outer rim such as is a prominent character in L7. melliodora.

An axe-cut readily shows the difference between the two species, £.
Bosistoana having a white sapwood, and ZF. melliodora a yellow one. The foliage
of the latter is more glaucous, more pendulous, and altogether less rigid, than that
of the former. ‘The fruit is also smaller and more cylindrical.

4. With F. leweoxylon, F.v.M.

The specimen collected by Oldfield, many years ago, was labelled JZ.
leusorylon. The juvenile foliage of both species is broad; the fruits of 4.
Bosistoana are, however, much smaller than those of H. lewcoxrylon and the
inflorescence very much less sparse. The juvenile foliage of the latter and of the
tree generally is more glaucous, The shapes of the juvenile leaves are different,

5

5. With £. Boormani, Deane and Maiden.

The species has undoubted affinity with #. Bosistoana. (See Proc. Linn.
Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 112.) They can, however, be readily distinguished by the rough
branches of #. Boormani, while those of H. Bosistoana are smooth, like the Boxes
(EL. hemiphiloia, &e.). At the same time it must be noted that the rough bark on the
butt of #. Bosistoana often displays considerable similarity to that of #. Boormani.
The timber of #. Bosistoana is of a paler colour, and is less tough and hard.

6. With EF. leptophleba, F.v.M. (drepanophylla, Benth.).

I mention this because Mueller does. It may be, as hinted by Deane and
Maiden, in giving the description of #. Boormani, that that species is identical with
EE. leptophleba, but the latter is an imperfectly known species, and does not come as
far south as 2. Bosistoana so far as is known at present.

7. With F. siderophloia, Benth.

This is mentioned also because of Mueller’s reference. The two species, Z.
Bosistuana and EH. siderophloia have, however, no close affinity. The former is a
Box with pale-coloured timber, and the latter an Ironbark with dark-red timber ;
* when young, and the operculum
more pointed than those of #. Bosistoana, while the fruits of ZL. siderophloia have
exserted valves.

, a > ap 66 o ’
the buds of EL. siderophloia are * egg-in-egg-cup

DESCRIPTION.
XLU.—E. bieolor, A. Cunn.

L. bicolor, A. Cunn., was first alluded to in a published work in the following
passage :—

“ F. bicolor, A. Cunn., MS., a species closely allied to 2. hamastoma, Sm., but the marginal nerve
is not so close to the edge of the leaf (this is the ‘ Bastard Box’ of the carpenters).”—(Hooker in Mitchell’s
“ Journ. Trop. Australia,” 390, 1848.)

I have examined the following specimens :—

1. * Hucalyptus bicolor” in A. Cunningham’s handwriting, and bearing the
label ‘‘ New Holland, A. Cunningham, Hooker, 1835.” ‘This specimen was
given by Sir William Hooker to Bentham.

2. EH. bicolor, 1846. Sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell.

The above are from Herb. Kew. A second specimen from Herb. Melb. of
No. 2, labelled ‘* No. 446 of Nov. 1846.”

There are two specimens on one sheet in Herb. Cant. ex herb. Lindl., both
from sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell, and both labelled
“ F. bicolor, A. Cunn.,” by Cunningham himself. One label carries the additional
information “ No. 439, Nov. 20, 1846, ‘ Bastard Box of carpenters,’’’ and the other
““No. 614, Nov. 30, 1846, camp 86.”

Then comes Mueller’s very full description of #. bicolor, A. Cunn., in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. 99 (1859), Mueller being then ignorant that 2. bicolor, A. Cunn.,
was a synonym of #. largiflorens, F.v.M., described in 1855.

Bentham accepted ZH. bicolor, A. Cunn., as having priority, in B.Fl. ili, 214,
without comment, reducing H. largiflorens, P.v.M., to a synonym.

Mueller’s own quotation of the synonymy is interesting—(‘‘ Eucalypto-
graphia,” under Z#. largiflorens, F.v.M.) :—

“ H. largiflorens, P.v.M. (1854); Fragmenta, ii. 58. EH. pendula, A. Cunn.,
in Steudel (1810) ; #. bicolor, A. Cunn., in Mitchell (1848).”

He proceeds to say :—

Preference is here given, in accordance with De Candolle’s code. to the name under which this
species was first defined, and chosen as expressive of the exuberance of its flowers. Of neither of the
names bestowed by Allan Cunningham on this species, timely description was given; the pendulous
branches suggesting the one name, and perhaps the sometimes but often pale colour of the filaments,* giving
rise to the other unless it was derived from the coloration of the bark.

* See p. 312, Allan Cunningham’s MS. Journal, under date 30th June, 1817. ‘‘ We made the angle of a large deep
lagoon, of considerable depth, thinly dotted with trees, that had marks of inundation, about 4 feet above the present level
of water and a few inches above the general flatness of the plains. I here gathered specimens of a species of Eucalyptus
having a submucronated hemispherical operculum, and flowers in terminal panicles of two colours (red and white), a tree
of about 30 feet.”

And again, p. 318, 8th July, 1817. ‘‘ Buried a bottle beneath a species of Eucalyptus (bicolor) near our tent.”
Allan Cunningham, therefore, in his own manuscript named E. bicolor as far back as 1817, and explained the origin of
the name. He was then with Oxley on the lower Lachlan.

u

I would point out that early descriptions of Eucalyptus and other plants
were often vague, and I have had, in some cases, to appeal to herbarium specimens
and other less certain, collateral evidence, to decide what is intended as a species. I
frequently hear that zoologists are ina similar situation. I think it would place a
dangerous power in the hands of any man to enable him to pass over these imperfect
early descriptions, especially when they are supported, as in the present case, by
authentically named herbarium specimens deposited under proper safeguards, in
important herbaria.

Many of Sieber’s names have been accepted from herbarium Jabels only.
Schauer adopted Cunningham’s names and described the plants, rectifying
Cunningham’s omission to describe them. In 1859, Mueller’s aet in fully
describing #. bicolor, A. Cunn., shows that he had no wish to suppress Cunningham’s
name.

I therefore, after the most careful consideration, have decided to follow
Bentham in adopting the name &. bicolor, A. Cunn. (B.FI. iii, 214).

SYNONYMS.

(a) Prefatory Note on #. bicolor, Woolls (also R. T. Baker), not A. Cunn.

=

. FE. pendula, Page (?).
. EF. pendula, A. Cunn.
3. E. largiflorens, F.v.M. «
4. EF. hemastoma, Miq.

bo

Note on (a) E. parviflora, F.v.M.; (4), EF. bicolor, Duff (partim).

(a) Prefatory Note on E. bicolor, Woolls (also R. T. Baker), not A. Cunn.

Tn many instances it is impossible to classify Eucalypts on the shape of fruits, anthers, buds, and
leaves, arid in this connection is mentioned the case of LZ. bicolor* and #. pendula} of A. Cunningham.
It has been customary in recent times to synonymise these species under the name of #. largiflorens,
F.y.M. Now Cunningham, who was a field botanist, and who was familiar with these trees, named the
bastard box of Cabramatta 2. bicolor,* a tree with a dark bow bark on the stem, and with clear white
limbs, and having a light brown-coloured timber, whilst the “Coolabah” of the interior he named
E. pendula,t from its drooping habit. This tree has a red-coloured timber, and a box-bark extending to
the ultimate branches. The oils of the two trees are also quite distinct . . . . . If placed under
E. largiflorens,t then there would be the anomaly of having under one species a tree with two kinds of
bark, two kinds of timber, two kinds of oil, and a variation in leaves.—(R. T. Baker, Proc. A.A.A 8S.
Melbourne, 1900, p. 230.)

* I. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
+ E. bicolor, A. Cunn.
+ #. bicolor, A. Cunn., is a synonym of ZF. largiflorens, F.v.M.

Again the same writer states :—

Tam much indebted in this instance to the writings of the late Dr. Woolls for finding the particular
tree of E. bicolor.* In his “Contributions to the Flora of Australia” (p. 232), he gives the locality
Cabramatta, where will be found trees that exactly coincide with Cunningham’s description of 2. bicolor,
and in no way agree with E largiflorens, F.v.M. (2. pendula, A. Cunn.}), of the interior. I and others
have now seen both trees in the field, and agree that the two are quite distinct, and Cunningham was
quite justified in making two species, viz., BH. pendula, “Red Box,” and £Z. bicolor, ‘ Bastard Box.”

This latter species occurs all along the banks of the South Creek.—(R. T. Baker, in Proc. Linn.
Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 666 ; see also J. H. Maiden, ib., xxvii, 519.)

1. HE. pendula, Page.

This name was first published (name only) in Page’s “ Prodromus; as a
general nomenclature of all the plants... cultivated in Southampton Botanic
Gardens, by William Bridgewater Page, London, 1818.” 8vo. pp. 186.

In Steudel’s “ Nomenclator Botanicus” (ed. ii. Vol. i. p. 600) appears the
simple entry “pendula, Page, Nov. Holl.” I have been unable to ascertain that

Page’s name is other than a nomen nudum.
2. EL. pendula, A. Cunn.

In B.FI. (iii. 215) this is quoted as “A. Cunn. in Steud. Nom. Bot. Ed. 2.”
It is assumed to be a synonym of H. pendula, Page.

The origin of A. Cunningham’s name pendula doubtless arose from the
following :—
The “ Weeping Eucalyptus ” of Major Mitchell's Expedition, 1836, No. 83 of 20th April. Specimen
in Herb. Cant. ex herb. Lindl. This is no doubt the plant referred to in the “Three Expeditions,” ii, 45,
in these words, “In the woods I observed a Eucalyptus of a graceful drooping character, apparently
related to £. pilularis and #. amygdalina.

Mitchell was then on the Lachlan.

The specimen No. 83 has been examined by me and is identical with
E. bicolor, A. Cunn., or HL. largiflorens, F.v.M.

The interior species, 2. pendula, has a Box bark right out to the branchlets (W. Biuerlen and
R. H. Cambage), a red timber, the leaves being longer than those of #. bicolor and glaucous, whilst the
fruits are only half the size of the eastern species. The oils are also quite different (R.'T. Baker, Proc.
Linn. Soe., N.S.W., xxv, 666). The name 2. pendula, A. Cunn., cannot stand, and the tree referred to is
E. bicolor, A.Cunn. The £. bicolor referred to in this passage is, as has been shown, L. Bosistoana, F.v.M.

3. H. largiflorens, B.v.M.

Arboreous : leaves alternate, glaucous, opaque, oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly oblique, thinly
veined, hardly dotted ; umbels pedunculate, panicled, few-flowered ; flowers small, on short pedicels ; lid
double, thin, nearly even, hemispherical, blunt or minutely apiculate ; tube of the calyx obconical-bell-
shaped, hardly angular, twice as long as the lower lid; fruits small, half ovate, short stalked, slightly
contracted at the top ; valves of the capsule inclosed.

In bushy barren localities on the Murray, Avoca, Wimmera, and on St. Vincent’s Gulf. A small
tree, with persistent grey-blackish bark.—(Trans. Vict. Inst, i. 34, 1855.)

A type specimen in Ierb. Melb. bears the following label :—
“ Bucalyptus largiflorens, ferd. MI. herb. Stuartii 153. Nov. Holl. Austral.
1847. Murray. (1. hemastoma, Sm., Miquel.” in Miquel’s handwriting, and also

bearing the species number 16, in his Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv.). “ 4. bicolor, A.C.”
(in Bentham’s handwriting).

® 77. Bosistoana, F.v.M.

4. EB. hemastoma, Miq.

16. Hucalyptus hemastoma, Smith, Act. Soc. Linn. Lond. iii. 285; DC. Prodr. l.c. 219, n. 23.—2.
largiflorens, Ferd. Mill. Herb.

Locis humidis ad fl. Murray, fl. estate (F.M.). Van Diemensland (Stuart),

Umbelle sub-5-flore, nune superne paniculato-confertee. Operculum duplex ; exterius depressum
obsolete apiculatum, interius membranaceum conyexum muticum ; calycis tubus (p. 131) obeonicus apice
amplhiatus hoe paulum, illo duplo amplior, ambobus multo longior (ex Miill. adnot.). Mederl. Kruidk Arch.
iv. 130 (1856).

This is L. bicolor, A. Cunn., “as to the Murray specimens” (B.FI. iii. 215).
The Tasmanian (Van Dieman’s Land) specimens were probably 2. amygdalina.

(2) Note on E. parviflora, F.v.M.

This is a name only given as a synonym of JL. bicolor, A. Cunn. (in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. 90) and it is referred to here in order that it may be cleared up. It
is the same as #. bitolor, A. Cunn., var. parviflora, F.v.M. (B.FI. iii, 215) and is
EH. populifolia, Hook., as noted by Mueller himself in Herb. Melb. It is, doubtless,
the same as “ var. parviflora, Benth.” (should be F.v.M., ‘‘ Eucalyptographia” under
LE. largiflorens).
(b) Note on E. bicolor, Duff (partim).

E. -bicolor, Duff, in “Catal. of N.S.W. Forestry Exhibits,’ Melbourne,
Adelaide, and other Exhibitions, is called “‘ Slaty Gum,” and its timber is described
as “hard, tough, strong, durable, and said by experts to be one of the best
hardwoods; used for fencing, wheelwrights’ work, bridges, railway sleepers, and
house building; plentiful. Hab. open forests south-western river districts, Blue
Mountains, and the Darling River.”

It is evident that the above partly refers to H. bicolor, A. Cunn., and to
E. polyanthemos, Schauer, and it is only referred to on the present occasion as the
source whence F. bicolor, “ Slaty Gum,” has crept into numerous official reports.

RANGE.

Ir seems to be confined to South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and
Queensland.

From St. Vincent’s Gulf and the Murray River and its lower tributaries, through eastern Australia,
and particularly its eastern tracts to Carpentaria, at least as far as the Flinders and Gilbert Rivers, but
reaching also, in some places, the coast tracts.—(Mueller, in Hucalyptographia.)

This reference to “coast tracts”? applies, as regards eastern Australia, to
Queensland solely. ZH. bicolor is a dry country species, and in central and northern
Queensland many western New South Wales species approach the coast. It prefers
rich flats which are liable to occasional submergence.

10

I have examined the following specimens (chiefly in the National Herbarium,
Sydney) :—

SourH AUSTRALIA.

Mannum (W. Gill).

VICTORIA.

A specimen in herb. Melb. bears the following label :—‘* 16. Huc. largiflorens,
ferd. Mll. herb. Stwartii, 153. Nov. Holl. Austral, 1847, Murray.” ‘‘ #. hemastoma,
Sm. Miquel” (in Miquel’s handwriting). ‘ #. bicolor, A. C” (in Bentham’s hand-
writing). J have a specimen from Kew, “ Murray River (Mueller),” that seems in
no way different.

Eight to 10 miles north-west of Nhill, on somewhat moist fiats (St. Eloy
D’ Alton); north-west of Lake Albacutya (C. French); Wimmera, with normal
flowers (J. Reader and others) ; Wimmera, 1891 (J. P. Eckert), with red flowers—
one of the many instances in this species of two-coloured flowers (bicolor) ; Swan
Hill (Dr. Griffiths). ‘A Box which grows with H. rostrata on the river flats, Swan
Hill to Mildura. Habit, spreading, bark greyish, close and even, resembling a
typical Grey Box” (W.S. Brownscombe) ; Murray River (J.P. Eckert) ; Benjerup,
Murray River (C. Walter) ; Murray River, near Kerang. ‘A Box-tree
a low straggling tree, something like #. melliodora in habit. ‘The leaves, however,
have generally a bluish tint, and the wood is heavier, darker, and not “ ringy” like
the Yellow Box. 2 feet 6 inches in diameter, perfectly sound, fine, hard, red
timber, with very little sap-wood ” (J. Blackburne).

New Sourn WaALEs.

“Grey Box, the common Box of Riverina” (T. G. Sloane, Mulwala). The
fruits urceo'ate when unripe ; Nyanda, Booligal (J. O’Brien, through I. B. Guthrie),
used for feeding sheep through the 1902 drought; “ Black or Flooded Box,”
Deniliquin (Forester Wilshire) ; Jerilderie, Dwarf Box (25-30 feet), with a blackish
persistent bark on the stem. Wood dark-red inside, but lighter in the sapwood
(W. H. Suttor). Mr. W. H. Suttor’s specimens were labelled ‘“ Goborro”’ by
Dr. Woolls, and are bicolor ; Ivanhoe, vid Hay (H. Deane), red timber.

* Box.” “The country areund Hay is all Box or Gum, with a very small
proportion of Needlewood, and no Mallee” (Acting Forester D. A. Wilson) ;
“ Black Box,” “Swamp Box,” Hillston. “ A sure indication of swampy country or
country flooded at times, and is dense and low-growing” (W. S. Campbell) ;
“ River Box,” Lake Cudgellico (G. S. Home, J. L. Boorman) ; “ Drooping Box,”
Condobolin Flats, some leaves a little shiny (J.H.M.) ; Condobolin—Euabalong Road
(J.H.M.); Euabalong (J. L. Boorman); “Swamp White Box” or ‘‘ Coolabah” of
Lachlan (EF. R. Kidston).

“Sample taken from a tree about 15 feet high and 1 foot in diameter. I
selected a young tree, as almost all the large ones are hollow. It grew on flooded
land on the first creek 3 miles south of Condobolin. I should call it dwarf or
stunted Box with drooping branches like a ‘ Willow tree’’”’? (W. H. Suttor).

11

“Grey Box” or “ Apple Box”’ or “ Red Box” of Lachlan River, 30 miles
below Condobolin. <“ Rough grey bark on limbs.” ‘ White Box,’ Mt. Hope
Road to Euabalong; ‘‘ White Box,’ ‘‘Grey Box,” ‘‘ Apple Box,” ‘‘ Red Box.”
Persistent bark on the branchlets, wood redder than #. hemiphloia, and not so hard,
bark not so useful either. Condobolin.” ‘ White or Grey Box ” with limbs partly
white (Rk. H. Cambage).

Paldrumatta Bore, vid Wilcannia, “ Box,” “ Curra Curra” of the aborigines.

«The only Eucalypt growing in the creek here” (P. Corbett). Mt. Oxley, Bourke
(E. Betche).

(a) Victorian Expedition, 1860, towards Barrier Range.

(d) Clay flats, near River Darling, 31st October, 1860.

(c) Victorian Expedition, 1st November, 1860, Bambouroo, Dry Lake, near

Menindie.
(d) High sandy banks of River Darling.

(These four specimens were collected by the Burke and Wills’ Expedition,
and are in the Nat. Herb. Melbourne).

Cobham Lake (W. Biauerlen), No. 263, 20-30’, 12”. Bark persistent. Dull
leaves. . Venation strongly marked. A very broad-leaved form.

* River Box,” Bourke. ‘ Plentiful on all the low lands of this and adjacent
districts. Trees small, much resembling mallee in appearance. Long pendulous
branches, bark rough, dark to the extreme tips of the branches. Timber reddish-
brown, of superior quality. A handsome tree” (J. L. Boorman). Leaves narrow.

** River Box,” Cobar Road, near Bourke. ‘‘ Found in plenty; much larger

specimens than those growing in the Lignum Swamps on the Darling, near Bourke”
(J. L. Boorman). ‘The leaves of this specimen are mostly coarser than those of the
preceding specimen. Bourke to Barringun (W. 8. Campbell); River Darling at
Bourke (J.H.M.).

* No. 18, broad-leaf kind of #. bicolor, North Bourke” (A. Murphy).
Further information supplied by Mr. Murphy, is: “The timber of this variety is
red, the same as the narrow-leaved bicolor ; there is no difference as far as timber is
concerned ; the only difference is in the leaves—those of the broad-leaved variety
are of a lighter green than the narrow-leaved variety. I found red and white
flowers on the same tree, and also on the narrow-leaved one.’ ‘The leaves of this
form are somewhat shiny, as well as broad; and I think we have evidence of
hybridism with 4. populifolia. I will deal with this specimen when dealing with
the question of hybridism generally.

“ Box.” Banks of river, Tinapagee, Wanaaring, Paroo Liver (KE. Betche,
R. J. Dalton) ; Cuttabuira River, Yantabulla (A. Murphy) ; “ River Box,” Belalie
Bore (H. V. Jackson); Wilecannia (H. V. Jackson); Murtee Holding (Stock

Inspector Tully); ‘‘ Black, narrow-leaved or Bogan River Box,” Coolabah
Cc

12

(J. W. Peacock); Cobar (J. L. Boorman); “ River Box,” “ Coolibah Box,’ Nyngan
(District Forester C. Marriott). Sent as distinct specimens at the same time, but
identical.
Scone (J.H.M.).
(QUEENSLAND.
Bailey gives the localities, ‘‘ Maranoa, Port Denison, Flinders and Gilbert
Rivers.”

NES,

1. With £. odorata, Behr.

Mueller (in “ Eucalyptographia”’) says H. odorata perhaps nearest approaches
to H. largiflorens (bicolor).

This species runs into odorata, and in extreme forms I doubt if it is possible
to separate them. Usually the leaves of #. bicolor are dull-coloured, but this is not
an infallible guide. he fruits are usually smaller, sometimes much smaller,
and more cylindrical than those of & odorata. The fruits of H. bicolor are sub-
cylindrical or ovoid, while those of odorata are more hemispherical. 4. bicolor
has usually short filaments and blunt opercula. #7. bicolor is usually found on flats
liable to floods; H. odorata prefers drier situations.

2. With EF. hemiphloia, F.v.M.

The likeness of #. bicolor to E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa, Maiden,
when herbarium specimens are alone available, is often very striking and sometimes
deceived Mueller. The timbers at once separate them, that of 2. hemiphloia being
pale and that of Z. bicolor being red. The variety microcarpa has clean limbs,
while H#. bicolor has rougher; the former has erect branches, while those of the
latter are drooping or scrambling. The leaves of var. microcarpa are green, while
those of Z. bicélor are more glaucous, and with the intra-marginal vein further from
the edge. The fruits of var. microcarpa are often slightly angled at the calyx, and
less sessile.

3. With ZF. microtheca, F.v.M.

The habit, foliage, bark, and timber of the two species are often very
similar. ‘The fruits are very different; the valves of those of . microtheca being
exserted. Both timbers are red, but where they grow together the timber of
Ei. microthecais reputed less durable, softer and more faulty than that of H. bievlor.

The bark of &. bicolor usually covers the branches more than in the case of
i. microtheca.

13

4. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.

The colour and shape of leaves closely resemble those of 2. melliodora at a
distance, but the sucker-leaves distinguish them, being long narrow-lanceolar in
EH. bieolor and oblong-ovate in EH. melliodora. The pendulous habit and even the
buds help to show the similarity. The sapwood of 2. melliodora is yellow, and the

timber pale.

5. With &. crebra, F.v.M.

The similarity of this species to E. bicolor is sometimes marked, particularly
in Queensland specimens.
With typical erebra the confusion could never arise in the field as it is an

Ironbark, but as the tropics are approached Ironbarks lose some of their character-
istics and more closely approximate to the Red Boxes such as FZ. bicolor.

14

DESCRPEPRIGN:
XLII. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M.

Fracm. ii. 62 is quoted by Mueller himself (Census) as the description of his species,
and following is a translation of the quotation itself. (It is a paragraph under the
heading of #. persicifolia on the previous page.)

E. hemiphloia and E. leptophleba* remain over of the nearly allied species which I have examined.
I have received a similar species, if not a variety more or less allied to 2. leucorylon, from various localities
in New England, N.S.W. They are distinguished, it would appear, by really chartaceous leaves, the
intra-marginal veins of which are very close to the edge, or at least not frequently far removed from it, by
the pedicels thickened into the very slightly angular calyx-tube, by the conical operculum, shorter and
paler, less coriaceous and hardly acuminate, not equal to the width of the calyx-tube, by the smaller anthers
rather sub-globose or quadrate-ovate, by the slightly dilated stigma and the 4- to €-celled capsules.

This shares the name “ Ironbark tree” with that Eucalypt distributed hy Sieber under the number
468 (this is #. paniculata, Sm.—J.H.M.,) with which it exactly agrees. Both should perhaps be combined.
and probably represent the true 2. resinifera.

This is a very cryptic description of a species and one would not have been
surprised if one had heard nothing further of it. As a matter of fact, Mueller
omitted both hemiphloia and leptophleba from the “ Index generum et specierum in
volumine secundo descriptorum ” (p. 184) of the same volume (Fragm. ii).

So far as I know, one does not hear of 4. hemiphiloia again until Bentham
described the species in B.FI. iii, 216 (1866), which, as far as I can see, was really
a nomen nudem in 1861-2 (date of publication of Fragm ii). Mueller subsequently
figured and described H. hemiphiloia in the “ Eucalyptographia.”

The passage I have translated is a conundrum, and not on a par with
Mueller’s usually good work. [Hn parenthése, the “similar species” (query to
“ Bf. hemiphloia and H. leptophleba ? ), and which, according to Mueller’s reference
in the Census is 2. hemiphloia, is apparently a New England ironbark, and one of
its characters is “the conical operculum . . . . not equal to the width of the
calyx-tube.” The specimen before Mueller appears not to be in existence, but the
few words apply with special appropriateness to my #. Caleyi.}] | Bentham’s
description is, however, perfectly clear, except as regards the mix-up with the
South Australian specimens (see p. 15).

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

Besides the normal form, there are two well-marked forms, viz., var. albens
and var. microcarpa. They have, inter alia, the following characters in common :

1. Broadness of juvenile foliage.

* Previously described by Mueller in Proc. Linn. Soc. iii., 86 (1859), from the Gilbert River, Queensland. In the
same paper pp. 99, 100, he had established a section of Eucalyptus which he called ‘‘ Hemiphloiz,” but there is no mention
of an @. hemiphloia.

15

bo

. Ureeolate shape of fruit, and well-defined rim in immature fruits (see
figures 11 and 22, Plate 50).

3. Angularity of the fruit, usually a sign of immaturity (see figures 17 and 21b,

Plate 50, and 2, Plate 51).

4. Variation in the size of the fruits, even on the same tree.
. Paniculate inflorescence (see figures 9 and 20a, Plate 50).
. Bracts, or double opercula.

. Valves of fruit much sunk.

“I 6 or

INA NIG:

Move ter did not originally publish a locality for his type.

Bentham (B.FI. ii, 217), doubtless guided by Mueller, gives the following
localities :—

Parramatta, New South Wales, ‘‘ Box-tree’’ (Woolls); Moreton Bay,
Queensland, ‘‘ Box-tree”’ (F. Mueller).

Specimens from these localities precisely tally with the form figured by
Mueller as hemiphloia in his ‘ EKucalyptographia,”’ and I think we can accept his
figure as representing the type without any doubt.

Bentham adds the South Australian localities (all of which I have visited for
the purpose of Eucalyptus investigation), Memory Cove and Kangaroo Island
(R. Brown); Port Lincoln (Wilhelmi). There is no form of hemiphiloia there; at all
events, diligent search on my part failed to find any, but that plant which T have
named #. odorata, var. purpurascens (see p. 29), and which was referred to as
H. hemiphloia by Mueller, is abundant, and this is doubtless the ‘‘ hemiphloia”
referred to by Bentham.

I do not know of any South Australian locality for the typical form of
E. hemiphioia. Victorian specimens, in their variety microcarpa, closely approach
the normal form ; indeed, some specimens from Sheepwash, Bendigo, can scarcely
be separated from the Parramatta, or normal form, specimens. The typical form
appears to be, however, mostly confined to eastern New South Wales and Queensland,
but further collecting is necessary yet.

New Souta WALES.

Rhodes, Sydney (H. Deane); the southern suburbs of Sydney generally ;
Bankstown (R. H. Cambage); Bankstown and Cabramatta (J. L. Boorman) ;
Parramatta (Dr. Woolls), a type locality ; Campbelltown (J. V. Alkin); Narellan
(J. Mitchell) ; Pitt Town Settlement (J. V. de Coque); Windsor (J. S. Allan) ;
Blacktown (R. T. Baker).

16

All the above are practically from the Parramatta district, and may be looked
upon as typical. The fruits from Windsor vary in size, some of them being as small
as those of var. microcarpa.

Northern Localities.—Glendon, Singleton (Leichhardt); Paterson River
(J. L. Boorman); Booral to Gloucester, 60 feet 10 inches, on low clayey soil
(A. Rudder).

Often called “Forest Box,” to distinguish it from the “ Brush Box”
(Tristania conferta). Raymond Terrace, vid Stroud and Gloucester, to Taree. I
did not again notice it on the coast road. The straightness of the stems of this tree
is worthy of note.—(J.H.M.)

“Gum-top Box,” ‘ Mountain Box,” ‘ Green Top,” Bulliac Ranges or Tops,
Barrington River, Gloucester (W. H. Etheridge).

Eucalyptus virgata, Sieber, Hunter River, New South Wales, Wilkes, U.S.
Expl. Exped., 1838-42 (Botany, Asa Gray, i, 553), No. 25,503 U.S. Nat. Herb. is
E. hemiphloia, F.v.M.; Port Macquarie (Forest Ranger Wilson) ; Casino (District
Forester Pope) ; Unumgar Station, Upper Richmond (W. Forsyth); Drake (E. C.
Andrews); Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range, “ White, Grey, or Gum-top Box”
(W. Dunn). Some specimens show transit to var. microcarpa.

QUEENSLAND.

Toowong, Brisbane, and Dinmore (F. M. Bailey); “ Gum-top Box,” Mary-
borough (W. H. Williams) ; “Gum-top Box,” north of Rockhampton (A. Murphy) ;
also west of Rockhampton, e.g. Duaringa and Wallaroo (J.H.M.); Herbert Creek
(Bowman).

The first two are co-type localities : the specimens from all the localities are
similar to typical hemiphloia, which is remarkably uniform in coastal Queensland.

APPINITIES:

1. With F. Bosistoana. See p. 4.
2. With E. odorata.

4. hemiphloia recedes from £. odorata in the external paleness of the persistent portion of its bark,
in the more extensive secession of the bark from the branches, in the broader leaves of thicker consistence
with less spreading and less copious veins and less distinguishable oil-dots, in not usually solitary axillary
umbels, often more acute lid and more deeply inserted valves of the fruit. The reliability of these
distinctions should be further traced in South Australia, wherever the two species grow promiscuously.
—(“ Eucalyptographia ” under /. hemiphloia).

The rim round the orifice of the fruit cannot be used as a specifie difference
between these two species; it is abundant enough in #. hemiphloia from the County
of Cumberland, N.S.W,, hundreds of miles from the nearest locality ever attributed

17

to odorata. This rim is especially evident in young fruits of both species; indeed
it is found in a number of other species also.

E. hemiphloia, as compared with H. odorata, has broad, usually larger and
coarser, dull foliage, also pale filaments, but they appear to go darker with age.
There appear to be no pink filaments in any form of H. hemiphloia. Venation more
spreading from the base; marked rim in immature fruit; fruits sub-cylindrical,
and greater angularity of the fruit in 2. hemiphloca.

The inflorescence in #. odorata is either not paniculate or that character
is rare.

I doubt, however, whether it be possible, without botanically perfect material
to in all cases separate /. hemiphloia from EH. odorata. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var.
microcarpa, and FH. odorata, var. Woollsiana, are the two varieties of the respective
species which approach each other closest.

Var. microcarpa, Maiden.

The first use of this name was as follows :—

The confusion between these two species (#. Behriana, F.v.M. and £. hemiphloia, F.v.M.) has been
already referred to. It occurs with the smalltruited variety of hemiphloia, which in many herbaria goes
under the name of parviflora. This in itself would be an appropriate name, but one at least of the
specimens tentatively so named by Bentham (B.FI. iii, 217) is an Ironbark. I therefore propose for the
small-fruited variety of hemiphloia, so extensively distributed over the greater part of the range of the
species, the name of 2. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa. It is synonymous with #. Woollsiana R. T.
Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 684; R. H. Cambage, 2b., 714.—(Proc. Royal Soc., S.A., 1901
(1902), p. 11).

Then in Proc, Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1902, 523, in referring to its affinity with
E. bicolor, A. Cunn. In my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” i, 131, there is
a reference only. <A fourth reference is :—

E.. Woollsiana has the numerous fine oil-dots of #. odorata, a character it
shares with H. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, Maiden. ‘The inclusion of F. Woollsiana
in this variety (Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., 1902, p. 11) is perhaps erroneous. Certainly
it is very close to hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, and some botanists may consider it to
be nearer to that species that to . odorata, New South Wales (Proc. Roy, Soc.,
S.A., 1903, 245).

Through some inadvertence the variety does not seem to have been formally
defined. I therefore proceed to define it.

DE SeGRTIP TION.

A medium-sized or large tree, rather erect in habit, known usually as “Grey Box” or ‘ Box.”
Bark.—Sub-fibrous, rather compact, and greyish or whitish on the trunk; the limbs smooth.

Timber.—Pale coloured or light brown ; rather interlocked.

18

Juvenile leaves.—Glaucous, equally pale green on both sides, broadly ovate, tapering to a blunt
point, commonly 3 inches long by 1$ inches broad, with a slightly twisted petiole of } to inch. Oil-dots
obvious, venation faint though distinct, spreading, with the intramarginal vein a considerable distance
from the edge.

Mature leaves.

Coriaceous, equally green on both sides, of egg-shell lustre, sometimes dull, lanceolate,
slightly oblique, commonly 4 inches long by | inch broad, venation not very distinct, spreading, the
intramarginal vein not very close to the edge.

Buds.—The opereulum and calyx alike conoid and of approximately equal dimensions.

Flowers.—Profusely borne in panicles, three to seven or more, borne on a common peduncle.
Anthers with filaments at base and with pores near the top. A small gland near the top. These anthers
may be termed “semi-terminal.” In an anther of this class back and front are much alike. ‘The anthers
of all forms of hemiphloia appear to be identical. Stigma a little dilated.

Fruit.—Sub-cylindrical and the valves well sunk ; the shape of that of the normal species, but in
other respects not different.

Type, Gulgong, N.S.W., in National Herbarium, Sydney.

SYNONYM.

E. Woollsiana, R. 'T. Baker, partin.
“The Woollsiana No. 2” of J. H. Maiden. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., xxix, 764.

RANGE.

As a very general rule this form occurs in “ dry country ” localities, but it also occurs
in the coast-belt, e.g , on mountains in the Gloucester district, New South Wales,
also in the Macpherson Range, and coastal Queensland.

It seems to be most abundantly diffused in New South Wales, but it is
common in Victoria, and will probably be found in Queensland.

VICTORIA.

The “Grey Box” is met with in two varieties (a) in the northern and north-eastern districts. It
is a principal constituent of the State forests and timber reserves in the neighbourhood of Bendigo,
Maryborough, Wedderburn, and Heathcote, and is a useful and durable timber, but it has a fault in being,
when of any size, almost invariably pipy and hollow.—(A. W. Howitt’s ofticial unpublished Report, 1895.)

The form (a) is var. microcarpa, and the second variety is var. albens.

I have seen specimens from the following localities :—Campbellfield and
Warrandyte, Upper Yarra (C. Walter). “Grey Box,” Tatura, Goulburn Valley
(J. M. Griffiths); “Grey Box,’ Goulburn Valley (Sylvester Browne) ; head of
Loddon and Avoca (W. K. Bissill), Melbourne Herbarium. Mueller labelled this
specimen “ #. hemiphiloia,a form verging to H. Behriana,” and a similar specimen,
“ H. Behriana, transit to Z. hemiphloia,” Heathcote (W. 8. Brownscombe, 17a) ;
Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt); Maryborough; Kushworth; our common box tree
found nearly all over Victoria (J. Blackburne) ; Benalla and Kerang (A. W. Howitt),

19

New Sourn WALEs.

Deniliquin (District Forester O. Wilshire) ; “ Black Apple,” “Red Apple,”
(ste) Narrandera (late Forester Condell); Wagga Wagga (J.H.M.); “ Grey or
White Box,” Wyalong (District Forester Arthur Osborne); Young (J.H.M.) ;
Tumut, near the normal form (Forester Mecham); “ Narrow Leaf White Box,”
‘clean limbs; Cudal (R. H. Cambage); “ Box,” clean limbs, coarse foliage, Mt.
McDonald (R. H. Cambage) ; ‘‘ Black Box,” Wongajong, Forbes; also Parkes
(P. Holdsworth) ; “ White Box,” Forbes to Kugowra (R. H. Cambage); “ Narrow-
leaved Box,” grows on swampy ground; Krowther (H. Deane); near Murga
(H. Deane); “ White Box,” clean limbs, Mt. Hope Road, Euabalong (R. H.
Cambage) ; Condobolin-Euabalong Road (J.H.M.); Condobolin (W. Baeuerlen.)
HL. Woollsiana, R. T. Baker, partim. The H. Woollsiana, No. 2 of my paper in
Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., p. 764, (1904) ; Nyngan (Forester Martin) ; ‘‘ Coolibah,”
Murrumbidgerie (A. Murphy); Tomingley to Narromine, coarse foliage, also with
narrower leaves (J.H.M.); “ Box” Minore (J. L. Boorman); Mudgee (H. Deane) ;
“ Box or White Box,” Gulgong (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman). This specimen I
take as the type.

“ Mountain Box.” Rough bark on trunk and limbs. Bulliac tops, Gloucester
(W. H. Etheridge).

AE PN ETTE S:

1. With F. Behriana, F.v.M.

As showing how difficult it sometimes is to deal with closely related forms, I
have two specimens, apparently identical, sent by W. K. Bissill, of near Bendigo,
Victoria, to the Melbourne Herbarium at different times. Mueller labelled one
« H. hemiphloia, a form verging to Behriana,” and the other “ #. Behriana, transit
to H. hemiphivia.” I have also specimens, apparently identical, from the Mallee
country of Victoria, labelled variously by Mueller #. hemiphloia, FE. Behriana, and
LE. largiflorens (bicolor). All these are Mueller’s own species, and I can give no
better illustration of the way in which it is sometimes difficult to discriminate
between species from herbarium material alone. (See Part X p. 337, vol. 1 of this
work.) ;

2. With £. bicolor. See p. 12.
3. With £. populifolia, Hook.

E. populifolia has usually egg-shaped or “poplar” leaves, which, as a rule,
are different enough from those of var. microcarpa as it is commonly observed in
western New South Wales, but lanceolate leaves are marked in specimens of
EF. populifolia, trom various localities. It is, in fact, strange as it may at first
appear, not always easy to separate var. microcarpa from FH. populifolia, not only

D

20

as regards narrow-leaved forras, but as regards those that are broad-leaved. The
leaves of H. populifolia have usually a wavy margin, and are usually, perhaps
always, shiny, unless they have been collected wet. The venation of HE. popultfolia
is usually more prominent. ‘The timber and bark of the two trees are often a good
deal alike. The fruit of #. pupulifolia is quite small, and is not constricted at the
orifice as in #. hemiphloia and its forms.

Var. albens, F.v.M.

DY NON VES:
1. -F. albens, Miq.

2. H. pallens, Miq., non DC.
This is Mueller’s statement :—

The name of 2. albens only arose from a misprint of 2. pallens, and was first promulgated without
any diagnosis, and the specific designation is apt to mislead, as the whitish hue, significant of BH. albens,
and for which it is called “ White Box tree,” occurs only in a particular .variety, chiefly of the western
interior (probably South Australia is referred to.—J.H.M.) where even this characteristic is often not more
remarkable than in several other congeners.—(Mueller in ‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” under EF. hemiphloia.)

Following is Miquel’s statement :—

35. Hucalyptus albens, D.C. Prodr. l.c. 219, n. 30. #. dealbata, A. Cunning. mss. Schauer in Walp.
Rep. ui. p. 924 (4).

Booker (Broken, J.H.M.) river (F. Miill.). ‘Box tree colonorum. A pago Clairvillage ad m.
Remarkable, arbor 50-60 pedalis coma squarrosa, sylvas constituens (F. Miill.).”—(Miquel, in Ved. Kruidk.
Arch. iv, 138 (1856).

Following is one of the specimens seen by Miquel :—

«35. Huc. dealbata, A.C. Mt. Remarkable F. M. in Herb. Sonder.” This
was changed to H. albens, DC., by Miquel. This specimen is in the Melbourne
Herbarium, and is H. hemiphloia, var. albens.

Specimens labelled “ #. pallens, DC. Broken River,” in Mueller’s hand-
writing in Herb. Kew, are H. hemiphloia, var. albens. These specimens are evidently
the co-types of those referred to by Miquel above.

Let us now turn to #. pallens, DC. Prod. iii, 219.

Miquel calls his plant 2. albens, quoting the above reference, and also
De Candolle’s sequence number (30) of the species. So that there is no doubt as
to the plant referred to. But there is no #. albens, in the Prodromus, the plant
being LH. pallens, DC., and the type Sieber’s Pls. Hes. No. 606. I have seen
specimens of Sieber’s plant (I indeed have small pieces), and an excellent photograph
of the Prodromus type is, through the kindness of M. Casimir De Candolle, before
me as I write.

I have figured it at Plate 7, Part If of this work, and have also described it
at page 57 of the same Part. I have there referred it to #. obliqua, L’ Hérit., which
is probably as nearly as ever we shall get (from the material available). In my
view, it is not a form of #. hemiphloia, F.v.M.

21

Miquel has made the further mistake of synonymising his plant with
E. dealbata, A. Cunn.

The position therefore is this: Mueller’s specimens from Booker (Broken)
River and from Clairvillage (Clare) to m. (Mount) Remarkable (South Australia)
were sent to Miquel, who named them #. albens, thinking he was referring them to
E. pallens, DC., which was a mistake. teferring them to H. dealbata, A. Cunn.,
is another mistake. This was in 1856.

In 1866, adopting Mueller’s views at that time, Bentham (B.FI1, ii, 219)
accepted the name #. albens, Miq.

In 1880 Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,”’ Fifth Decade, specifically
suppresses 7. albens, placing it under 2. hemiphloia, which opinion he maintained
in his “ First Census” (1882) and his ‘Second Census ” (1889). He maintained
that view to the close of his life, and, having given special attention to the matter,
both in the herbarium and in the field, I think it is impossible to justify their
separation as distinct species.

Is E. hemiphloia F.v.M., conspecific with E. albens, Miq. ?

I have just stated that I do not think they can be separated. At the same
time, I readily admit that they are often different in appearance, chiefly because of
the greater glaucousness of var. albens, but this character and also that of habit of
tree, shape and size of fruit, are not constant, breaking down when carefully
looked into. The composition of the oils of the two forms is the same (Baker and
Smith), but these authors state that “in the field the two trees are never
confounded,” which begs the question.

As regards the two forms, Mueller, who established them, says:

E. albens can be distinguished from the typical #. hemiphloia only in perhaps more extensively
persistent bark, in paler dull foliage and chalky white bloom on the panicles, and in calyces somewhat
larger and tapering more gradually into a thicker stalklet.—(‘ Eucalyptographia,” under #. hemiphloia).

Attention may be invited the following specimens which in my view break
down the line of demarcation between H. hemiphloia and H. albens. See also some
notes under “ Range.”

(a) “Large-leaved Box’’; bushmen call the tree, which is not plentiful,
“Black Box,” because of its dark bark. Bendigo, also Rushworth, Victoria (J.
Blackburne.) These specimens closely resemble the normal hemiphloia ; the fruits
are those of the type, as fig. 2d, plate 50, shows. At the same time the angularity
of the buds is reminiscent of var. albens, but the fruits are smaller, and have
no glaucousness, like var. albens.

(6) Young, N.S.W.(W. W. Froggatt). Specimens glaucous, and if the fruits
were of larger size they would be named var. a/bens without question, but, although
the iruits are not quite ripe, it does not appear that they will be larger than
E.. hemiphloia typica.

22

(c) “ White Box,” Grenfell, N.S.W. (Forest Ranger Postlethwaite, District
Forester Arthur Osborne, R. H. Cambage). These specimens show only a trace of
glaucousness ; the fruits are those of normal hemiphioia. ‘Typical variety albens is
common at Grenfell. ‘Grey ox,” Balranald (G. 8S. M. Grant), and “ White Box,”
Tomingley Creek, Dubbo district, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage), have fruits more
spherical than those of hemiphloia typica, and appear to be intermediate between
that and var. albens.

(d) ‘* Black Box”’ (bark seems normal] colour, but the comparison is with var.
albens. J.H.M.) On low flats, not seen on hills. Merrindee, between Mudgee and
Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy). These specimens very much resemble the
Murrurundi specimens below. ‘The Merrindee specimens have slightly glaucous
juvenile foliage; I have no juvenile foliage of the Murrurundi specimens.

The Merrindee specimens would be labelled hemiphloia typica if found on the
coast. Some of the fruits are small, as those of specimens included under var.
microcarpa ; so indeed are some of the coast (typical locality) specimens.

(e) A White Box from Gulgong (J. L. Boorman), “ plentiful all over the low-
lands of this district,” adds another to forms of 2. hemiphloia. Compared with
typical var. albens its fruits are smaller, its pedicels are absent, and it is markedly
constricted at the orifice, giving the fruits a distinctly ovoid appearance. Specimens
from other districts connect absolutely with the type.—( Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
1904, pp. 760-1).

(f) Coarse buds and leaves, but no sign of glaucousness. Hunter’s Vale, near
the source of the Hunter; also Murrurundi, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.).
These specimens appear to show transit to var. albens.

(g) ‘‘ Box,” Narrabri (J.11.M.). The remarks I have made under Bendigo
and Grenfell largely apply here. I refer these specimens to . hemiphloia, near the
type, but state that they display some local variation owing to a drier climate.

All these transit specimens are from interior localities in contradistinction to
the coastal localities of 2. hemiphiloia, and the variation displayed appears to be simply
referable to the influence of environment. £. hemiphloia comprises innumerable
individuals extending over enormous areas in South Australia, Victoria, New South
Wales, and Queensland, and that there are various forms is not surprising.

RANGE.

THis variety is found in South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales. It
avoids the coast (except in South Australia), and is what is generally termed a
“dry country” form. At the same time on the Snowy River, and in some other

23

places, it is found in country with good rainfall. It does not appear to have been
hitherto recorded for Queensland, which seems strange. It is worth looking for in
the Stanthorpe district, and on the Macintyre River, for example.

FE. albens, Miquel (given as a synonym of ZL. hemiphloia by Mueller), which occurs near Mount
Remarkable, and in some other localities not far from the upex of Spencer’s Gulf (these are South Australian
localities—J.H.M.); also in the vicinity of the Avoca, Loddon, Campaspe, Broken, Ovens, and Snowy
Rivers (F.v.M.) ; along the whole valley of the Tambo (Howitt) (these are Victorian localities—J.H.M) ;
on the Upper Murrumbidgee in Silurian Shales and Sandstone, also more or less on all geologic formations
on the western slope of the Main Dividing Range of New South Wales down to the Tertiary plains (C. 8.
Wilkinson), verging northward to New England (C. Stuart).—(Mueller in ‘“ Eucalyptographia,” under
EL. hemiphloia).

SourH AUSTRALIA.
Wirrabara Forest «(spontaneous trees) (W. Gill and J.H.M.); Laura
(W. Gill).

The fruits of my South Australian specimens are only of the size of those of
normal hemiphloia, but they are glaucous like var. albens usually is. Both of the
above are in the Mount Remarkable district (a type locality).

E. hemiphloia.—This species is extensively represented in Gippsland as a mountain form. It
occurs, for instance, in the valley of the Tambo River, north of Fainting Range, where it forms the
principal part of the forest, from about 750 feet at Numlamungie to 2,500 feet at Tongeo Gap. It is
found at Turnback, at the Snowy River, at Deddick, and, more rarely, at Tubbutt.... . (Extract given
at p. 25). This form of #. hemiphloia appears to me to be that variety called #. albens.—(“ The
Euealypts of Gippsland” (A. W. Howitt), in Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., Vol. ii (1890-1), p. 96.)

“ Den”’ or “ Dern”’ of aborigines (Howitt).
Again,—
This form is distinguished botanically as albens from the “mealy” aspect of its foliage. Grows
almost exclusively in the Tambo Valley betweeen the Fainting Range and Bindi, and in the valley of the

Snowy River about Turnback, Deddick, Gutta—Murra, &c. I have also observed it in places in the
North-eastern District.—(A. W. Howitt, in an unpublished official Report, 1895.)

The Broken River (a type locality) joins the Goulburn River, and runs into
the Murray.

The following Victorian specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney, are
all very glaucous, coarse-leaved, and large-fruited.

Tongio, Gippsland, and Gap Creek, Tongio ; also Rutherglen (A. W. Howitt) ;
Ovens River (H. B. Williamson); Euroa district (C. Walter); Heathcote
(W. S. Brownscombe).

Trees about 60 feet high; stem-diameter near ground, 3 feet. Grows
plentifully on road between Heathcote and Rushworth (J. Blackburne.)

Mr. R. H. Cambage has drawn especial attention to the practical importance
of the western boundary line in New South Wales of this particular form. It seems
to present a very useful climatic boundary to agriculturists, pastoralists, and others,
in that it demarcates the western plains from the table-lands.

24:

New Sourn WaALtLEs.

Tumut (A. W. Howitt, W. W. Froggatt, J.H.M.); Albury (A. W. Howitt);
(I have seen specimens from Tocumwal, labelled ‘“‘ White, Silver or Blue Box ”’)
Wagga Wagga (J.H.M.); Young (J.H.M.); Grenfell, 2 feet diameter, 60 feet high
(F. R. Postlethwaite) ; Cowra (J.H.M.); Mount McDonald, 20 miles east of Cowra
(R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.); Bowan Park, near Cudal, 70-80 feet high; girth for
sound trees 3-4 feet; hollow, 6-8 feet (W. F. Blakeley); Molong (W. 8. Campbell);
Eugowra (P. J. Holdsworth); Parkes (P. J. Holdsworth, J.H.M.); Wellington
(W. Woolls) ; Euchareena (J. L. Boorman).

Dubbo “ Grey Box, No. 1.” This in no way differs im bark or wood from
Dubbo hemiphloia (J. V. de Coque) ; Minore (J. L. Boorman); Tomingley to Peak
Hill (J.H.M.).

Hurley’s Paddock, Campbelltown (J. V. Alkin)’; Bullio to Wombeyan (R.
H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

Barrigan Ranges, Bylong; Talooby (R. T. Baker); Capertee (J. L. Boor-
man); Mudgee to Wellington, e.g., Merrindee, &ce. (A. Murphy).

Merriwa (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.); Scone (J.H.M.); Nundle and
Hanging Rock (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.); Warialda (E. J. Hadley, J. L.
Boorman); Inverell (H. Deane, Gordon Stewart); Inverell to Howell (E. C.
Andrews).

Narrabri (J.H.M.); Baradine (W. MacDonald) ; Coonabarabran—Baradine
road (W. Forsyth).

I have also seen it from the following localities, but have no specimens :-—
Yass, Mudgee, Orange.

ECU EMU TORS

1. With F. tereticornis, Sm. var. dealbata (E. dealbata, A. Cunn.).

Both are glaucous, and the venation and shape of the leaves are often much
the same. ‘The venation of EL. hemiphloia, var. albens is usually more spreading, and
the leaves more lanceolate ; the trees are usually more erect; the fruits are totally
different ; the buds are angular. The timber of var. dealbata is red; that of var.
albens is pale brown; that of the latter is wooliy fibrous, that of the former is
smooth or ribbony.

2. With EF. leucoxylon, F.v.M.
The juvenile leaves of #. leucoxylon are stem-clasping ; those of var. albens
have always a stalk; the venation of the former is more prominent and spreading.
They are both glaucous, and their timbers are a good deal alike, but the bark of

25

E. leucoxylon is not fibrous (‘box ”-like) but smooth or ribbony. The fruits of
E. leucoxylon have usually a deciduous rim encircling the orifice, are more hemi-
spherical, often warty, and often attain a very much larger size.

3. E. siderophloia, Benth.

The foliage of this species is not, as a rule, glaucous, but where it occurs in
the western districts it is often so, and forms the variety glauca. The juvenile leaves
of H. siderophloia are very coarse, the mature leaves are much the same as those of
E hemiphloia, var. albens ; the buds of #. siderophloia are “ egg-in-egg-cup,” and
with a longer operculum ; the fruits of H. siderophloia are smaller and of a different
shape, and with exserted valves. As to the trees themselves, H. siderophlowa is an
Tronbark with red timber, while 2. hemiphloia, var. albens is a Box with pale brown
timber.

4. E. polyanthemos, Schauer.

Howitt has already drawn attention to the similarity, ‘when the leaves (of
E.. polyanthemos) are not markedly elongated.”

Its characteristics accord entirely with the diagnosis given in the “Eucalyptographia,” with the
exception that the umbels are formed by buds of comparatively large size. . The fruit is proportionately
large. The bark also extends frequently far up the branches, so that when the leaves are not markedly
elongated, this tree resembles, as I have already said, at first sight, the mountain form of 2. polyanthema.
Yet, so far as I have observed, the two species are sharply marked off from each other.—(Howitt, the
abstracted paragraph referred to at p. 23).

The timber of H. polyanthemos is red, the fruits are smaller and of a different
shape. I think the chief resemblance of the two trees les in their glaucousness.

DESCRIPMION:
XLIV. EF. odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal.

ORIGINALLY described by Behr and Schlechtendal in Linnea xx, 547 and 567 (1847).
See also Mueller in Fragm. ii, 66 (1860).

Then Mueller has a plate in “ Plants Indigenous to the Colony of Victoria.
(Lithograms, 1864-5.) Supplementary plate xvi,” labelled #. odorata. The
anthers are, however, not those of #. odorata, but of H. melliodora. No juvenile
foliage is shown, nor is the origin of the specimen indicated. The twig might do
alike for #. odorata or for 2. melliodora, as the differences between the two species
are not brought out.

Then Bentham (B.FI. ii, 215) described the species in English, and
Mueller subsequently described and figured it (rather diagramatically) in the
* Eucalyptographia.”’

The original description, by Behr and Schlectendal, is in Latin, of which the
following is a translation. The portion [ | is in German.

Branches elongated, glabrous in all parts, the young ones angular (angles two, starting from
the base of the petiole and becoming much more prominent upwards), the old ones terete, with a greenish-

brown bark.

The wmbels shortly pedunculate, and springing from the axils of the leaves which have heen shed
or more rarely persist from the past year; the peduncle from } to } inch long, bearing six to fifteen
flowers on short pedicels ; the pedicels about a line long, thick and angular, passing by degrees into the tube
of the calyx, about 2 lines long, the top cylindrical, the whole fruit obconical in shape, the operculum
searcely 14 lines long, bluntly conical. The stamens arranged in several rows, at first with the filaments
bent, finally 14 lines long. The style terminated by a flattened stigma, sometimes below the edge of the
calyx, sometimes more or less emerging from it. Leaves oblong (with the petiole 3-44 inches long) slightly
oblique, scarcely ever curved, narrowing at the base into the petiole, with the top blunt and then sometimes
mucronate or acute or continued into a short point, uniformly glaucous, with numerous oil-dots, the
margin of a paler colour and slightly thickened, with a netted venation prominent on both sides (in dried
specimens), the primary veins forming an intramarginal vein, the space between margin and vein venulose.
More often the leaves are irregularly lobed (sic), with one or other of the lobules very blunt at the side
or meeting towards the top. (‘‘Saepius folia irregulariter lobata apparent, lobulo uno alterove
obtusissimo in latere vel apicem versus occurente,” in the original. I have not noticed lobing in this
species.—J.H.M.)

[Moderate-sized tree fairly common on dry spots and light soil. It exudes a gum which might be
used like gum-kino. Its leaves are filled with abundant volatile oil and smell strongly when it is inclined
to rain. The stem is rough as it does not shed the bark. (Peppermint of the Colonists.) ]

1. Typica.
Following is a type specimen :—
Eucalyptus odorata, Behr and Schlecht. (sine nom. ex herb., Behr), Light’s

Pass, Sandberg, Nov. Holl. Austr., Dr. Ferd. Miller.” (Copy of label in herb.
Melb. in Mueller’s handwriting.)

An identical specimen is labelled ‘ Hue. odorata, var. erythrosioma,
Light’s Pass.”

27

It may be described in the following words :—

A shrub or medium-sized tree ; rarely a very large tree. Sometimes Mallee-like, but not a true

Mallee.

Bark.—It is often of that peculiar character known as ‘“ Peppermint.” It is very commonly
intermediate in character between that of an Ironbark and a Box, hence the name “ Ironbark Box,” which
is sometimes applied to it in New South Wales, and which is descriptive. The height to which the scaly
or sub-fibrous bark occurs up the trunk varies.

Timber.—This varies somewhat ; but it is brown in colour, hard, and inlocked.

Juvenile leayes.—Rather narrow, from linear to broadly lanceolate; dull, often glaucous or
bluish green.

Mature leaves.— Lanceolate, nearly symmetrical, up to 4 inches long and about half an inch in
greatest width, equally green on both sides, sometimes dull, often glaucous or bluish green.

The midrib sometimes sunk, giving the upper face a somewhat channelled appearance. Venation
not always prominent, spreading ; the intramarginal vein sometimes a considerable distance from the edge.

Buds.—The calyces and buds angular, the calyces tapering gradually to the common peduncle ; the
operculum ovoid and the shape of the whole bud clavate.

-

Flowers.— Usually 5 to 7 in the head. The filaments often drying reddish ; the anthers opening
by nearly terminal pores, sometimes their widest opening being towards the base of the anther; a small
gland at the top of the anther ; the stigma enlarged.

Fruits.—Small, subcylindrical, or hemispherical, spreading at the mouth. More or less angular,
sometimes nearly sessile as regards the pedicels.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

First, as regards Spencer’s Gulf, S.A. Specimens from Mt. Remarkable,
near Melrose, have larger cylindrical fruits. Those from Flinders Range, near
Quorn, have leaves sometimes shiny, fruits shiny, buds and young fruits glaucous.

The type of #. cajuputea has the leaves rather shiny. Sometimes the
venation is well marked, indeed so marked as to approach that of var. calcicultriz.
The width of the leaves varies.

‘Then, as regards the Adelaide district, we have cylindrical fruits; and broader
leaves from the Mt. Lofty Range; fruits shiny, and sucker leaves mucronate, at
Kapunda. At National Park, near Adelaide (W. Gill), we have specimens with
juvenile leaves nearly orbicular !

SYNONYMS.

Tus is a very abundant species, and very variable. It has rather a complicated
synonymy.

Typica.
1. E. cajuputea, F.v.M.
2. FE, odorata, Behr., var. erythrostoma, F.v.M.

28

l. 7. Zuc. cajuputea, Ferd. Miull., Herb. ramulis tenuibus superne acutangulis, foliis inearibus apice
acuminate vulgo sphacelatis, basi in petiolum brevum tortum attenuatis ut plurimum faleatis, coriaceis,
costa tenui subtusparumper prominente, venis adscendentibus obtectis, una utrinque e basi subdistincta,
umbellis axillaribus et lateralibus, 3-7-vulgo 5 floris, floribus breviter pedicellatis, operculo conico non
mucronato calycis tubum obconicum fere aequante.

Flinders Range (F. Miller).

Petioli circiter 3 lin., folia 24-44 poll. longa, 2-4 vulgo 3 lin. lata. Peduneuli 2-3 lin, longi ;
pedicelli 1-14 lin. longa, ancipites vel tetraquetri. Calycis tubus 13-2 lin. quandoque subanceps.
(Miq. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 126, 1856.)

I have a specimen of the type. “Mt. Remarkable, F. Mueller, 1851.”
With narrow lanceolate leaves, venation hardly observable. Labelled odorata, both

by Mueller and Bentham.

2. E. odorata, Behr., var. erythrostoma, F.v.M. (ante p. 26).
A type specimen is identical with one labelled :—

*« Huc. odorata, var. erythrostoma. Madam Pepperweath, Light’s Pass.”
Copy of a label in Miquel’s handwriting in Herb. Melb.

It is one of the specimens labelled “ Madam Pepperweath,” by Miquel, a
mistaken reading by him for “in modum Peppermenth, or like peppermint,” as
pointed out under F. incrassata, in B.FI. iii, 231.

Varieties.
i. Var. caleicultrix, Miq.
Size, bark, and timber like that of the type.

Juvenile leayes.—Sometimes glaucous, veins very prominent, often triplinerved, with the lateral
veins nearly as prominent. Broadish ovate, say 1} inches long by | inch wide, but variation in width
remarkable.

Mature leayes.—Sap-green in colour, thinnish, and with rather prominent oil-dots. Well-marked
(Z. loxophleba-like) venation; intramarginal vein at a considerable distance from the edge. Colour bright,
often sap-green. An average size is 3 inches long and ? inch broad, with a petiole of half an inch.

Buds.—Scarcely angular, but showing angularity somewhat, each on a tapering stalk, and the
cluster on a common pedicel of half an inch,

Flowers.— Usually four to six in the head ; anthers same as the type.

Fruits.——Pedicellate, almost ovate; sometimes markedly pear-shaped. Valves usually six, and deeply
sunk. Rim of fruit often accentuated like that of #. lewcorylon and £. melliodora. A quarter of an
inch long.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

Specimens from Spencer’s Gulf have broader leaves, and specially shiny
foliage ; venation well marked. The width of leaves varies. When growing close
to the sea they are sometimes very coarse.

Koch’s No. 588, Flinders Range specimen, has leaves less shiny.

Juvenile leaves (on same tree) from narrow to very broad, and green. The
buds are sometimes with a hemispherical operculum. Filaments paler. Larger
fruits, often with marked rim. Mount Brown Forest Reserve, Flinders Range, has
fruits large, more pear-shaped, and the orifice smaller,

SYNONYMS.

1. £. ealeicultrix, F.v.M.
2. E. porosa, F.v.M.
3. E. lewcoxylon, F.v.M., var. pluriflora, F.v.M.

1. Var. calcicultrix ? (#. calcicultrix, ¥. Miill., Herb. et adnot.) ; foliis tenuioribus elliptico-vel
oblongo-lanceolatis extenuato-apiculatis, adspectu subtrinerviis, 2-3} poll. longis. Locis caleareis ad
Adelaide Nov. Holl. Austr. (F.M.). (Mig. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 129, 1856.)

Following are specimens of the type :—

Euc. calcicultrix, F.M. (odorata), Nr. Adelaide (Herb. Melb.).

13. Bucalypt. odorata, Behr, var. calcicultrix, Adelaide. Fl. hieme., F. Miiller. (Copy of a label
by Miquel in Herb. W. Sonder in Herb. Melb.)

2. EH. porosa, Miq.

19. Eucalyptus porosa, Ferd. Miill., ramulis tenuibus teretibus superne saltem leviter angulatis,
foliis longuiscule petiolatis e basi acuta subeequali lanceolatis vulgo falcatis attenuato-acuminatis coriaceis
glanduloso-perforatis nitidulis venis patule adscendentibus prominentibus tenere reticulatis ante marginem
unitis, pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus petiolo duplo brevioribus 4-6 floris, floribus subsessilibus,
ealycis tubo viridi obeonico-obovato operculum conico-semiglobosum lutescens equante vel subsuperante.

Tn monte Kaisersstuhl Nove Holl. austr., ab estate ad autumnum florens, Flinders Range, F.M.

Euc. strict, Sieb. aftinis. Petioli 4-fere 1 poll longi. Folia 3-4 poll. longa. Peduneuli 2 lin.,
alabastra operculata circiter equantes. Foliorum venis valde distinctis ab #. santalifolia, cui ceteroquin
haud absimilis, differt. (Mig. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 132.)

19. Hucalyptus porosa, F. Miller. Flinders Range, Dr. F. Miller.” Copy
of label in Herb. W. Sonder, in Herb., Melb.

3. E. leucoxylon, F.v.M., var. pluriflora, F.M.

Umbellis plerumque five-floris, pedicellis abbreviatis. . odorata, Behr Herb., non in Linnea,
Ad. Gawler-town. (Mig. in Ved. Krwidk. Arch., iv.)

Following is a specimen in Herb., Melb. :—
“« B. leucorylon, var. plurifiora, Ferd. Mill., in Herb. Behr., Gawler Town,
Nov., 1848.”

ii. Var. purpurascens, Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A., xxxii, 285 (1908).

A tall shrub or small tree.

Bark and Timber.—The same as in the normal form.

Juvenile leaves.—Petiolate, from nearly obovate to broadly lanceolate, say 24 inches long to half
that width. Dull on both sides. Venation spreading ; intramarginal vein a considerable distance from
the edge. The intermediate leaves are coriaceous, coarse, and large ; veins strongly marked both on upper
and lower surfaces.

Mature leayes.—As leaves reach their maturity they become narrower, 3 to 4 inches long, with a
width of half an inc, though broader leaves are not rare on flowering branches. Coriaceous, dull on both
sides, or shining on both sides, Venation as in juvenile leaves, but far less conspicuous than in the
intermediate stage.

Buds.— Angular, sessile, on a common peduncle of } to $ inch ; a pale-coloured pointed operculum
with a subeylindrical calyx of twice the length.

Flowers.—Colour of flowers white or eream-coloured to pale purplish or pink and crimson. Anthers
same as type.

Fruits.—Subeylindrical, more or less angular, and compressed ; sessile on a common angular
pedicel. The shape and size of the individual fruits a good deal similar to those of the type.

SY NON Y Ms:

1. E. perforata, F.v.M.

2. E. odorata, Behr, forma angustifolia, F.v.M.

3. E. odorata, Behr, var. erythrandra, F.v.M.

4. E. purpurascens (K.Br.), F.v.M.

5. E. Behriana, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, F.v.M.

6. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, Maiden.
7. E. Lansdowneana, Mueller and J. E. Brown.

1. E. perforata, F.v.M.

13. Hucalyptus odorata, Behr. in Linnea, xx, p. 657, n. 178. £. perforata, Ferd. Miill., Herb.
olim,, Dombey Bay, forma angustifol. frutex 5-8 pedalis as aquas stagnantes ad fl. Murray passim
crebro ; in terra calcarea undulata prope Adelaide (F.M.) ; ad Light’s Pass et Sandberg (Behr).

Cortex ramorum juniorum interdum nigrescit ; pedicelli pedunculique plus minus angulati rugulosi,
filamenta denique 2 longa. F. Miill. (Mig. in Wed. Kruidk. Arch., iy, 129.)
Following are specimens of #. odorata collected by Wilhelmi at Dombey
Bay :—
“No. 18. Hucal. odorata, Behr, Dombey Bay,” in Herb. Sond.

2. * Fue. odorata forma angustifolia, Dombey Bay, December, 1851.” The
leaves seem to be of normal width.

These specimens are identical with a very small-fruited form of #. odorata,
at 10-11 miles (Port Lincoln to Lake Wangary), and also vicinity of Tumby
(Dombey) Bay, Spencer’s Gulf.

Tt is asmall-fruited, narrow-leaved, mallee-like form, with pale brown timber
and a ribbony, rough butt. Only green fruits and very young buds were collected,
but the smallness of the fruits is an additional instance of the variability of the
species.

In the original description of #. perforata we have “ Cortex ramorum
juniorum interdum nigrescit.’”” Compare the ‘Black Mallee” of Adelaide and
other localities.

3. E. odorata, Behr, var. erythrandra, F.v.M.
Var. erythrandra, Ferd. Mill. filamentis rubris, foliis latioribus, habiter robustiore.
Port Lincoln, Nove Holl. austr. frutex 5-6 pedalis (F. Miiller), (Miq. Ved. Kruidk., &c.).
Following is a type specimen :—
« BE. odorata, var. erythrandra, Ferd. M. (#. perforata, mihi aut.), Port
Lincoln, Ferd. Mill.”

“13. #. odorata, Behr, var. erythrandra, F.v.M. Murray, Dr. Behr.”

dl

These two labels in Herb. W. Sonder in Herb., Melb., are on specimens

identical in appearance.

4. EF. purpurascens (R.Br.) F.v.M.
Collected by Robert Brown at Port Lincoln in 1802, and distributed by the

British Museum under No. 4,735. It is in many herbaria under Brown’s name.
3 e
Afterwards, Mueller adopted the name. I have seen the type labelled by
him “ #. purpurascens, Ferd.M. Scrub of Port Lincoln, 1855. 4-6”. Carl
Wilhelmi.” Mueller distributed a number of specimens under that name.

5. E. Behriana, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, F.v.M.
“Flowers larger. Peduncles and calyx angular, the latter fully two lines long.

Operculum obtusely conical, but shorter than the calyx-lobe. Stamens purplish.
J.H.M.). Wilhelmi.” (B.FI. iii, 214).

Lake Wangaroo (Wangary.

6. E. hemiphloia, ¥.v.M. var. purpurascens, Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A.,
xxvi, 12 (1902).

Mueller’s 2. purpurascens is identical with Bentham’s specimens of HF. hemi-
phloia, F.v.M., referred to in B.FI. iii, 217, as ‘‘ Memory Cove and Kangaroo Island,
R. Brown; Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi.”

‘The same specimen was labelled by Mueller ‘“ 4. hemiphloia var. ; pedicels
none; lid short and blunt.”

Loe. cit. | suggested that the form be named H. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var.

purpurascens.

7. E. Lansdowneana, Mueller and J. E. Brown, in Brown’s “ Forest Flora of
South Australia,” Part 9, t. 31 (1890).

The forms under the above names have puzzled a good many people, because
there is absolute transition between white and pink (sometimes deep pink) coloured
flowers. The variety is, in my opinion, not a strong one.

All the synonyms, except H. Lansdowneana, are based on material collected
in the Port Lincoln district.

Following are field notes, of some value for that reason.

“Red Mallee” seems to be commonest in the Port Lincoln district ; itis pink
flowering, and very pretty. It is usually a straggling small tree of 10 feet and
more, with a stem of 3 or 4 inches. It is certainly not a variety of 2. hemiphloia
as has been supposed, from herbarium material.

“Pink Mallee,” for so it is also called, is at Kirton Point much like Z.
incrassata, var. dumosa; it has a small operculum, but this is never grooved, and
it is more pointed and less rounded than that of var. dumosa. Pink Mallee is
usually more compact in habit than the latter.

32

The pale Pink Mallee occasionally attains the height of a tree, e.g., at Kirton
Point, where it is a foot in diameter, and at other places, as much and more. So
that in size it does not really differ from the normal form. I cannot see any
difference between the Pink Mallee and the tree known as Peppermint (odorata).

It is common for a few miles along the western road from Port Lincoln.

The Peppermint, the Pink Mallee and the ‘“‘ white”? Pink Mallee (that is to
say, Mallee that cannot be distinguished from pink except by its white filaments) are
all in flower in the same stage at the same time (January, 1907).

At 23 miles on the old road I cut some timber of pink flowering Mallee. It
is brown inside. I also cut a piece of white flowering Mallee. I could detect no
difference in the two timbers, nor in either of them from that of normal odorata.

Then we have #. Lansdowneana, F.v.M. and J. E. Brown, figured and
described as the “ Red-flowering Mallee.” It was collected by Mr. Thomas
Lansdowne Browne on his Pandura Run in the Gawler Ranges.

In the district where found the species is locally referred to as the “ Red-flowering Mallee,” but

Mr. Browne explains that it is not a Mallee proper, as it rises with one stem only, like any ordinary tree.

It varies in height from 10-16 feet, and is rarely more than 2 inches in diameter. Imperfect

specimens of this species were collected in 1847 near Encounter Bay by C. Stuart; others in 1851 near
Port Lincoln by C. Wilhelmi.

Luehmann says ‘“‘ 4. Lansdowneana. I have seen neither a specimen nor

description, and Tate, who has seen the plant says it is not a tenable species.”
(Proc. A.A.A.S., Sydney, 1898, p. 535.)

There is a fragment of the type in the herbarium of the University of
Adelaide, which I have seen.

The plant, like the rest of the ‘‘ Pink or Red Mallee” of Port Lincoln, is
referable to #. odorata, of which it is a variety, though not a strong one. The type
specimen of H. Lansdowneana from the Gawler Range is of a deeper purple than I
have seen it anywhere else.

iii. Var. Woollsiana, var. nov.
A medium sized tree.
Bark.— Whitish-grey like that of #. hemiphloia, and persistent as in that species, on the trunk
and main branches.
Timber.

Juvenile leaves.—Linear-lanceolate, say 4 inches long and } inch broad, dull on both sides,
yenation distinct though not conspicuous, except as regards the midrib. Intramarginal vein a little
distant from the edge, venation spreading.

Brown coloured and interlocked.

Mature leayes.—Narrow lanceolate, say 4 inches long and up to } inch broad, shining or dull-
shining (egg-shell lustre) on both sides ; venation as in juvenile leaves.

Buds.—Not angular, with conical operculum, the calyx tapering into the pedicel.
Flowers.—Anthers identical with those of the type ; the stigma slightly dilated.

Fruits.—Small, conoid to subcylindrical, } inch long, tapering to a pedicel rather exceeding that
length to a common peduncle of $ inch ; rim distinct, sometimes white, valves usually 4, well sunk.

33

SYNONYM.

E. Woollsiana, R. 'T. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 684 (1900), partim ;
the ‘ Woollsiana No. 1” of J. H. Maiden, id., xxix, p. 764.

The name variety Woollsiana has been adopted with the desire to com-
memorate the name of a man who well deserves this tribute, but I do not shut my
eyes to the fact that it is possible that its incautious use may lead to confusion,
since the variety Woollsiana is not wholly synonymous with #. Woollsiana, R. T.
Baker. See also 1. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, p. 17.

RANGE:

(Of species.)

This is an interesting species, described from South Australian specimens
collected in 1847, and until a few years ago believed to be endemic to that State.* .
Since then it has been traced into Victoria and extensively in New South Wales.
It is believed to occur in Queensland, and may yet be found in Western Australia.

In the ‘“ Eucalyptographia,’ Mueller recorded it only for South Australia,
and doubtfully for Victoria; in the “Second Census” he recorded it for South
Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales.

The Type Form.
SoutH AUSTRALIA.

“No. 178. Eucalyptus odorata, Sud Australie, Dr. Behr, 1848.” (Herb.
Barbey-Boissier.) A type specimen.

“One of the common scrub (Adelaide) forms apparently referable to
E. odorata. This type is of a dull and bluish type of green, and fairly erect in its
general growth ” (W. Gill).

This is the common Adelaide scrub form of H. odorata, sometimes known as
“ Black Mallee.” ‘Of a dull and-bluish type of green, and fairly erect in its
general growth” (W. Gill).* Leaves narrow, fruits in heads.

“ Peppermint,’ Adelaide (R. H. Cambage); Mt. Lofty Range (M. Koch) ;
National Park, near Adelaide (W. Gill); Frances, 20 miles south of Wolseley
(W. Giil).

Light’s Pass, S.A., venation, colour, and texture of leaves precisely similar
to that of Tomingley, N.S.W.

* «J. odorata, from imperfect specimens forwarded to me, appears to exist on the Lachlan (N.S.W.).” ‘fA
Contribution to the Flora of Australia.” W. Woolls, p, 244 (1867). The clue was not, however, followed up at the time.

34

A specimen in “ Plante Millerianze, Nov. Holland, meridional,” bearing
the words “ Eucalyptus? Arbor, Port Lincoln,” in Miquel’s handwriting is Hue.
odorata. (From Herb. Vindob.)

The two following specimens precisely match Adelaide specimens :-—

“ Plantee Miillerianze, B. and Schlt. (Behr and Schlechtendal), Nov. Holland,
meridional, Dombey Bay.” (Examined by Miquel.)

* Eucalyptus odorata, B. and Schlt., Dombey Bay,” in Herb. Barbey-Boissier,
ex herb., “Miquel.

They have abundant small fruits, and precisely resemble Adelaide Mallee,
and also specimens formerly labelled 2. calcicultria.

E. odorata, var. cajuputea (#. cajuputea, F.v.M.), Flinders Range (specimen
in Herb. Melb.).

Mr. Walter Gill, the Conservator of Forests of South Australia, writes to me
about HH. odorata :—

“ Tt is growing on the Mount Brown Forest Reserve in the Flinders Range,
about 9 or 10 miles south of the town of Quorn. ‘The Reserve is situated about
20 miles a little north-east of Port Augusta. The Flinders Range runs from Quorn
south as far as west of Laura. There is a lot of 7. odorata growing round Melrose,
the town under Mt. Remarkable, and some of it is very large timber (for odorata).
It may be said that the species is general in the southern portion of the State.”

“Peppermint.” Type of Mallee growing in the Flinders Range country,
about 10 miles south of Quorn, and just a little north of Mt. Brown.

St. Vincent’s Gulf and upper part of St. Vincent’s Gulf (W. Gill).

“ Peppermint,’ Kapunda. ‘“ A Box tree, very hard wood ” (R. H. Cambage).

Kapunda (W. Gill).

Bundaleer Forest (J.H.M.); Scrub between Murray Bridge and Monarto
(J. M. Black); Wirrabara Forest Reserve, Mt. Remarkable and Spencer’s Gulf
generally (W. Gill); Hog Bay, Kangaroo Island (J.H.M.); Kangaroo Island
(J. G. O. Tepper), with rather broad leaves. These two specimens without flowers
and may be var. purpurascens.

VICTORIA.

Many of these specimens well show the dilated stigma which Behr gives as a
character of the species. ;

Serviceton, Soutli Australian-Vietoria border (R. H. Cambage); Rushworth
and Wedderburn (J. Blackburne); Avoca (W. Perey Wilkinson); the Wimmera
district, near Nhill (St. Eloy D’Alton and Walter); the channelling of the leaves
is well marked in this specimen. North-west Victoria (C. Walter). Stigma not
much dilated, “ Odorata var. floribunda,” Bentham, Yarra (Mueller). Dimboola
(St. Eloy D’Alton). Typical var. calcicultriz does not seem to have been
collected out of South Australia, but this specimen is very close to it,

35

New Soutnt WALES.

As regards specimens of “ Box Mallee” or “ Mallee Box” from Wyalong,
received from Arthur Osborne, District Forester, Mr. Osborne makes a distinction
between the “ Mallee Box” and the “Grey Box” (2. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa)
at the same place.

“Mallee Box” has a broader or more dilated stigma. (A character of
E. odorata. See original description.)

“ Grey Box,” Moama, with dilated stigma ; Parkes district (P. J. Holdsworth) ;
Cobar (J. L. Boorman) ; “ Mallee Box,”? Moondana, Nymagee district (E. F. Rogers) ;
“ Narrow-leaved Box,” Moree (W. 8. Campbell).

i. Variety calcicultrix, F.v.M.

Confined to South Australia, where it is known as “ Peppermint” and
Sox Gum.”

Houghton (George McEwen); ‘Common on the foot-hills near Adelaide.
It is Peppermint Gum, and the stunted form (‘ Black Mallee’) appears due to poor
stony soil” (J. M. Black); Gawler (F.v.M. His #. leuwcorylon, vay. pluriflora) ;
Cape Jervis, also Port Lincoln to Coffin’s Bay (J.H.M.); York Peninsula (J. G. O.
Tepper).

This is another type differing from the Adelaide specimens (3,324/99) in
having the colour of the leaves bright sap-green instead of a bluey-green, and having
the inflorescence of a far more paniculate and terminal character than the other.
Soil dirty cream colour overlaying soft slaty rock of a dull yellow inclining to green,
and sometimes also overlaying marl or limestone (W. Gill). Flinders Range to
Quorn (Max Koch).

Emu Flat, 90-mile Desert (W. Gill). Marked rim to green fruit. This
specimen well exhibits the bright yellow green or sap-green foliage so commonly
seen in this species in the interior.

Murray Bridge (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

ii. Var. purpurascens, Maiden.

Confined to South Australia so far as known.

Pandura Run, Gawler Ranges. Habitat of the type of #. Lansdowneana,
Mueller and J. E. Brown (‘Thomas Lansdowne Browne). ‘ Appears to be confined,

so far as the Gawler Ranges are concerned, to the southern watersheds of the water-
courses.”

The describers add ‘‘ Imperfect specimens of this species were collected
already in 1847 near Encounter Bay by Ch. Stuart, others in 1851 near Port Lincoln
by C. Wilhelmi.”

Abundant in the Port Lincoln district, as I have already shown.
F

36

iii. Var. Woollsiana, Maiden.

Confined to New South Wales so far as known, but it probably occurs in
South Australia, near the New South Wales border.

“Mallee Box” has a thin, tall trunk witha Box bark, ribbony at the branches,
which issue at a good height from the ground, It grows amongst other Mallees in
dry, stony situations. Mount Boppy, near Cobar (J. L. Boorman). Has very
small fruits.

Girilambone to Condobolin (W. Baeuerlen). Suckers of moderate width,
broader than those of Narrabri.

Condobolin. “ White or Grey Box” with limbs partly white. Gilgandra (both
R. H. Cambage).

** Narrow-leaved Box.’

b

On the plains near Baradine. ‘ Large scrub or
small tree,” 18 miles from Dubbo (both W. Forsyth); Castlereagh River (Rey. Dr.
Woolls), labelled BH. largiflorens (Jicolur), by Mueller; “ Box,” Narrabri, where it is
common (J.H.M.). Narrow lanceolate suckers.

Narrabri West. A Box, growing on flats, black soil plains, by side of river ;
medium-sized trees; very shiny foliage (J. L. Boorman); Pilliga (J. L. Boorman)
is #. odorata with the small fruits of var. Voollsiana ; Denman (W. Heron).

dele Mages.

1. With £. hemiphloia, F.v.M. See p. 16.
2. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.

The affinity of this species to 2. melliodora has already been pointed out
in the “ Eucalyptographia.” The figure (Suppl. pl. xvii) Mueller’s “ Plants of the
Colony of Victoria,” labelled 2. odorata, Behr and Schlecht., is, in my opinion
H. melliodora, A. Cunn., for reasons stated at page 26. ZH. melliodora is sharply
separated by its more drooping habit, pale coloured wood, and the bright yellow
colour of the inner bark.

3. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn. See p. 12.
Sometimes the narrow-leaved form of this species, e.g., some of the ‘ River
Box ” about Bourke, simulates 7. odorata, var. Woollsiana, a good deal. The
resemblance even extends to the small fruits. 2. bicolor, however, has rough bark
to the tips of the branches, and the timber is red.

4, With EF. leucoxylon, F.v.M.

EH. odorata may be readily confused with #. leucoxylon as regards the small
fruited forms of the latter. For example, Mueller’s variety pluriflora of the latter

37

is odorata. The timber of #. lewcoxylon is pale, and its bark less rough. The
venation of the leaves of #. odorata is more marked than that of H. lewcoxylon.
The stem-clasping glaucous foliage of H. lewcoxylon is quite different.

5. With £. fecunda, Schauer.

The affinity of these two species as regards foliage, buds, fruits, and perhaps
timber, is undoubted. #. loxophieba, Benth., var. fruticosa, Benth., B.FI. ii, 252,
is, in my opinion, referable to L. odorata (H#. loxophieba is now acknowledged to be
a form of #. fecunda). FH. odorata has not yet been traced to Western Australia,
and the relations of the two species require to be more closely studied.

6. With F. Behriana, F.v.M.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia) remarks that while #. odorata could not be
easily mistaken for #. Behriana, the former is discriminable by the mainly axillary
inflorescence and persistent bark. #. odorata is usually a fairly large tree, while
HE. Behriana is a Mallee; the former is rough-barked, while the latter is smooth.

Sometimes 7. cdorata is coarse (especially near the sea-coast) and broad-
leaved ; this form is a good deal like #. Behriana, but the timber is brown, not red
asin #. Behriana.

DE SsCRiRa LON.
XLIV (a). An Ironbark Box.

WE are now in a position to understand an interesting tree whose closest
affinity is, l think, with 4. odorata. At one time I thought it to be a new species,
and it is one of the forms included by Mueller in his original description of
E. Bosistoana.

I think it will be best to describe it in detail, as if it were a new species,
since this is the clearest way of showing what the plant really is. ;
A tree of medium size.

Bark.—Scaly-fibrous, rough and thick, persisting only on the lower portion of the trunk.

Timber.—Pale-coloured (brownish), interlocked.

Seedlings.—-Linear lanceolate to lanceolate, pale on the under side.

Juvenile leaves.—Green, not blue, dull, same on both sides, lanceolate, say, 2} inches long by

2 inch broad. Venation not well defined. Intramarginal vein not far from the edge, and the veins spreading.

Mature leaves.—Narrow lanceolate, only slightly faleate, 3 to 4 inches long, with a width of
about half an inch. Somewhat coriaceous, bright green when fresh, equally green on both sides, more or
less shining. Venation not very prominent, intramarginal vein a little removed from the edge, venation

_ almost spreading, sometimes nearly penninerved.

—Somewhat angular, clavate, operculum pointed, and with the calyx tapering gradually
UL Ss. a} b p ] Py, i toy te} y
into a pedicel nearly equal in length to that of the bud. The common peduncle about } an inch.

rs.—Three to eight in the umbel ; seven is a common number. Anthers with very near]
Ss s 3
terminal pores, between an odorata anther and those which have strictly terminal pores, as in some

Tronbarks.

Fruits.—About ;°; inch in diameter and length, the pedicels of equal length and well defined, the
common pedunele of twice the length. Truncate ovate, when young slightly urceolate and with a marked
rim after the fashion of #. odorata, var. calcicultrix , when fully ripe the rim is absent or scarcely evident.

Valves usually five, and well sunk below the orifice.

RANGE.

From Inglewood, Victoria, “‘in a rough rangy situation.” (J. Blackburne.)
IT have had much correspondence with Mr. Blackburne in regard to this tree, which
is the only one he knows.

I received a similar specimen (but not in fruit), from the late Charles Walter.
It was collected in the Wimmera district near Nhill, by D’ Alton and himself.

For further remarks on the Range of allied forms, see below, p. 39.

39

ABE LNs:

1. With £. Bosistoana F.v.M.

Very like #. Bosistoana in general appearance, and in many details, but the
juvenile leaves sharply differentiate the two species, those of HH. Bosistoana being
*‘youndish or ovate.” H. Bosistoana is also a coastal species of large size; this
Ironbark Box is a smaller tree from dry country.

2. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn.

The foliage of the Ironbark Box is bright green, and the venation closer to
the edge; that of #. bicolor dull whitish-green. The bark of the former persists
only at bottom of trunk, that of H. bicolor is ali over stem and branches. 'The
timber of the former is paler and less interlocked. The filaments of the former
plant are longer and the operculum is more conical. The fruits of the former are
larger and more rimmed, are sparingly distributed ; those of H. bicolor profusely
distributed (in clusters).

Ironbark Box.—What is the tree? I have already stated my view that its
closest affinity is with # odorata. The set of drawings (fig. 5, plate 52) illustrating
this form show the affinity without doubt.

I believe it to show hybridism and to belong to the group of Ironbark Boxes.
That being so, I propose to defer further consideration of it until I deal with the
Ironbark Boxes, and my object in describing the present tree at length is to interest
collectors all over Australia in the subject, in order that they may look out for
supposed Eucalyptus hybrids, and particularly those supposed to be hybrids between
the Ironbarks and the Boxes.

I refer to a paper of mine* on the hybridisation in the genus, and at p. 494
are some notes on the Ironbark Boxes.

In New South Wales we have some Ironbark Boxes which are more or less
similar to the Inglewood one, but not absolutely identical with it, which is not to be
surprised at if they be hybrids, which I think they are, the more closely I study
them.

* ««Purther notes on hybridisation in the genus Eucalyptus,” Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xxx, 492 (1905). See also
a reference at p. 330, Part X of the present work.

40

XLV. E. fruticetorum, F.v.M.

Tux original description (in Latin) of this species is quoted by Miquel, and will be
found in Part ITI, p. 80, of this work.

Later, in Fragm., ii, 57, Mueller re-described the species with some synonymy
(erroneous as regards H. santalifolia), and I offer a translation of it here.

Eucalyptus fruticetorum (F.M. in Mig. Stirp. New Holl., 35; HB. santalifolia, F.v.M., l.e., 37, and in
Transact. Vict. Instit., i, 35. Sect. Hemiphloie.)

Shrubby, growing to a tree ; /eaves alternate, moderately petiolate, narrow- or faleate- or oblong-
lanceolate, papery or leathery, first finely then prominently spreading, penniveined, shining, the same
colour on both sides, the peripheral veins close to the margin; wmbels axillary and lateral, solitary or
subpaniculate ; peduncle almost terete or compressed, about as long as the flowers ; the calya tube truncate-
or obconical-ovate, little or not angular, without or with short pedicels, depressed or pyramidally
hemispherical, not striate, and scarcely exceeding three times the length of the operculum; anthers
subovate ; style short ; frwit truncate- or cylindrical-ovate, with three to four cells, rim thin, valves short,
entirely enclosed ; seeds without wings.

Tn sandy-clayey or stony plains in the desert from the R. Murray to the R. Murchison,* forming a
considerable portion of the scrub.

A shrub varying in height, growing to the size of a small tree. The bark of the branches and of
the younger stems smooth, but that of the old trunk rugose, semitibrous, ashy-grey, adhering for a long
time. Young branches slender, more often smooth than angular. Leaves 2-4" long, 4-8" broad, rarely
larger, tapering into a point, often uncinate, more or less pellucidly dotted, but thickly coriaceous and
imperforate with age. Peduncles } inch long or shorter, rarely longer. Pedicels often 1'” long, sometimes
invisible. Calyx tube 2-3’ long. Operculum about 1” high, 1}—2"" broad, coriaceous. Filaments somewhat
thick, of a whitish colour, drying yellowish, the outer ones reaching a length of 2-3”. Anthers of a pale
colour, 4-}"" long, varying from ovate to globose, quadrate and cuneate, more or less bent, dehiscent for
the whole length on both sides. Style somewhat thick, filiform, scarcely exceeding 1". Fruit 24-4" long,
the orifice slightly contracted. Sterile seeds almost rhomboid, clavate or deltoid, }—3'" leng, brownish o1
deep yellow ; the fertile ones dorsally convex, dirty brown, at length turning black, about 3?” long.—
(Fragm., ii, 57.)

Mueller then proceeds to indicate its affinity to H. amygdalina, Schauer,
(BE. feecunda, Schauer), and #. gracilis, F.v.M.

He then states that it is allied to the species known to the W.A. aborigines
as “ Yandee.”’ I print what he said, as it will be useful for reference, but the tentative
inclusion of the Yandee of Western Australia (4. .fcecunda) has caused some
confusion.

The species seems to have affinity between Z. amygdalina and #. gracilis. The aborigines make
spears from the younger stems. BE. amygdalina, Schauer, in Lehm. Pl. Preiss., 1, 130, appears applicable
to this species ; Labillarditre’s species does not appear among the numerous Eucalypts of W.A. preserved
in our collection.

It is allied to the species known by the aborigines of W.A. as “ Yandee,” unless a variety, forming
a taller tree, is evolved during a long period of time. This specially differs from it in that the marginal
vein of the leaf is situated further from the edge, and the lateral veins are less spreading. The bark,
moreover, according to the careful enquiries of Oldfield, is blackish, and tardily falls off in bundles (sic).
This tree has a straight trunk, and belongs better to the Pachyphloie section than to the Hemiphloie.
In what way this tree, which is known to West Australians as ‘York Gum,” is distinguished from. £.
fruticetorwm is not clear from the specimens sent by Oldfield.

* This W.A. locality was founded on a misapprehension, and refers to the species Secunda confused with it.

41

E. largiflorens, F.M., in Transact. Vict. Instit., i, 34 (2. hemastoma, Miq., Stirp. New Holl., 34, not

Sm.) is peculiar to the Australian desert, and rot a native of Tasmania; in what way 2. Behriana

has affinity to 2. fruticetorum is a matter for further observation and statement of the differences.-—
(Fragm., ii, 57.)

References to #. fruticelarum, F.v.M., will also be found in Part III, p. 84,

of the present work (two of Mr. Wilkinson’s specimens being figured as G. H. of

Plate 11); Part IV, p. 99, and at p. 119.

On the occasion of a recent (July, 1908) visit to the Melbourne Herbarium I
came upon an excellent specimen, bearing a label, entirely in Mueller’s handwriting,
as follows :—“ Eucalyptus fruticetorum, F.v.M. Lower Avoca (Wedderburn) Scrub.
W. Percy Wilkinson, 1892.”

I had never seen it before, although I had worked on Wilkinson’s specimens
labelled by the late Mr. J. G. Luehmann, and transmitted by that gentleman to
Sydney, and it had probably been mislaid (with many other specimens) in the
confusion which took place after Mueller’s death. I shall fully figure it in my
* Forest Flora of New South Wales” in due course, and it is identical in every
respect with type specimens of H. polybractea, i. T. Baker.

The type specimen seems to have been lost. JI made a personal search in the
Melbourne Herbarium for it with the kind help of Professor Ewart ; and no trace
of it can be found at Kew, so Colonel Prain is good enough to tell me. There is no
good reason to doubt the correctness of Mueller’s determination of this characteristic
specimen of his own species.

SYNONYM.

E. polybractea, R. 'T. Baker, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 692 (1900).

In the original description of 2. polybractea the author describes the anthers
as “parallel, opening by longitudinal slits.” While the anthers are more or less
variable in this and other species, they may be more fitly described as globular
(or nearly so), and opening by pores. Sometimes the pores are elongated, but the
term parallel anthered, while quite appropriate for some other species, is misleading
in the present one.

RANGE.

Ir is eonfined to South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales, so far as we
know. It is a dry country species, and Wyalong is the only New South Wales
record for it at present. No doubt further search will greatly extend the range,

42

SoutH AUSTRALIA.

Flinders Range, near Quorn (Max Koch).

Road from Gladstone to Beetaloo, Flinders Range. ‘‘ The tree (scarcely
more than a shrub) had the appearance of a ‘ Whipstick Mallee” or ‘‘ Peppermint ”
(J. M. Black).

VICTORIA.

Lower Avoca Scrub, Wedderburn; also Mildura (W. Perey Wilkinson) (both
labelled 2. fruticetorum by Mueller).

Wedderburn (J. Blackburne). This specimen is from trees used for oil-
distilling, and is certainly intermediate between JL. fruticetorum and EH. odorata ;
Inglewood (J. Blackburne). With bread juvenile leaves. Another form inter-
mediate between F. fruticetorum and LH. odorata.

“ Mallee,” Rushworth (A. W. Howitt, J. Blackburne) ; ‘‘ Mallee,” St. Arnaud
(A. W. Howitt).

New Sourn Watss.

* Blue Mallee.” Locality for type of 2. polybractea (R. T. Baker), West
Wyalong. “ Willowy, light-coloured stems” (W.S. Campbell). ‘Mallee,’’ Wyalong
(Forester J. G. Postlewaite, March, 1900). Bluish, glaucous cast, narrow leaves,
very similar to # fruticetorum, but with hemispherical fruits.

Blue Mallee, Wyalong (R. H. Cambage), September, 1900. Type of 4.
polybractea, R.T.B., kindly supplied by Mr. Baker. See R. H. Cambage in Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvii, 192 (1902).

Aci LN PaaS:

1. With F. calycogona, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden (4. celastroides,
Turez.).

The only differences I can see between JL. celastroides and HL. fruticetorum
lie (a) in the shape of the fruits, which in the former appears to be always more or
less urceolate ; (d) we have the size of 1. calycogona, var. celastroides, which attains
the dignity of a tree, while H. fruticetorum appears to be always of shrubby size.
At the same time we have many instances of species being of tree size in one district
and shrubby in distant localities.

Coming to similarities, the oils are alike (the composition is, indeed, similar
to that of other oils not closely related).

The anthers are identical, and in regard to other points the two plants are
similar, as far as I can see. One is not surprised to find some differences (assuming
they are the same) since H. calycogona, var. celastroides, is only recorded from West

43

Australia and 2. fruticetorum from Victoria and New South Wales, and now traced,
for the first time to the eastern side of Spencer’s Gulf, South Australia.

I am not at present prepared to assert the identity of H. calycogona, var.
celastroides and FE. fruticetorum, but submit that my remarks at p. 80, Part IIT of
this work were quite justified, particularly when the material available at the time
the passage was penned is considered.

Diels and Pritzel, speaking of H. celastroides, Turcz., say :—

A very distinct species with small flowers and very short operculum. To the description may be
added: At length, a tree up to 20 metres (65 feet) high ; with a beautiful ashy-grey roughish bark, when
young smooth with ashy whiteness or reddish and shining ; the young leaves dull and glaucous, conspicuously
trinerved, broader than the shining mature leaf.—(Engler’s Jahrb. 1904, p. 438.)

The following two specimens from the Elder Exploring Expedition are in the
Adelaide Herbarium :—

(1) “ Camp 63, W.A., 27/7/91, R. Helms.”

This specimen was labelled by the late Professor Tate (who worked more or
less in conjunction with Mueller in the elucidation of the plants of this Expedition,
as “ B. faeecunda and BL. gracilis,” apparently uncertain as to what name to attach to
it (Mr. Luehmann labelled it gracilis.)

This is interesting in view of the early confusion of Z. fruticetorum (after-
wards merged by him in #. gracilis) and L. fecunda by Mueller.

(2) “40 m. N.W. of Fraser Range, 5/11/91, R. Helms.”’

Called “ Gungurru ” by a native of Hampton Plains.

2. With F. Thozetiana, F.v.M.

The foliage of #. fruticetorum is more glaucous and broader than that of
E. Thozetiana, being shiny ; the juvenile foliage of the latter is much narrower (as
a rule) and if not so shiny as the mature foliage, certainly not glaucous, like that of
Ei. fruticetorum usually is. The fruits of both species have a longitudinal rib ; those
of EL. fruticetorum are more slender, and have a tendency to be urceolate. The
foliage of #. Thozetiana is rather pendulous, that of H. fruticetorum is inclined to
be rigid; #. Thozetiana attains a much larger size,—up to 60 feet in Western
Queensland.

3. With E. odorata, Behr and Schlecht.

The “ Whipstick Peppermint” (2. odorata) of the Mt. Lofty and Flinders
Ranges is no larger than FL. fruticetorum of Flinders Range, and the anthers appear
similar, but the lid is as long as the calyx tube and the greyish calyx and whitish-
green leaves give it a different aspect (J. M. Black).

Ei. fruticetorum lias an enlarged stigma; so has #. odorata. 1 do not know
that this is a constant character in both species, but it is certainly very common in

both, particularly as the stamens fall away,
G

Ad

One specimen of indubitable odorata was labelled by Mueller “ Eucalyptus
fruticetorum, F.v.M. var. Stigm. stylo latius.”

We have evidence that Mueller placed #. fruticetorum with gracilis, but I
believe that he finally looked upon #. fruticetorum (polybractea) as odorata.
Certainly the two species are very close to each other morphologically, especially to
the typical form, less to var. calcicultriz. In Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A., xxvii (1903), I
held that view, and I hesitate still about the feasibility of keeping them apart, and
I speak from long experience with the widely distributed and protean odorata.

I believe that many botanists will still hold the opinion that 4. fruticetorum
is a variety of odorata, usually shrubby, more or less glaucous, and yielding a larger
percentage of oil than typical odorata. The composition of the two oils is identical ;
it varies in quantity only. . odorata was originally named in allusion to its
richness in oil.

A5

XLVI. FE. acactoides, A. Cunn.

Tais has been distributed amongst several first-class herbaria labelled in
Cunningham’s handwriting. While most commonly a small Mallee, it sometimes
attains the height of 30 or 40 feet. It is identical with Mr, Baker’s Z. viridis.

Following is a copy of Allan Cunningham’s Journal (Oxley’s Expedition),
on the Lachlan River, under date 23rd May, 1817 :—‘“‘ Eucalyptus acacioides. A
shrub about 12 feet high, allied to H. saligna.”

I have received a specimen in flower from Herb., Kew, labelled “ Hue.
acactoides, A. Cunn., Mss. New Holland, A. Cunningham, Hooker, 1835. Herb.,
Kew, Lachlan River.”

There is a fruiting specimen in Herb. Cant. In the absence of fruit its
superficial resemblance to 2. virgata, var. stricta (EH. stricta, Sieb.), is remarkable,
which led Cunningham to confuse his own plant with another. There is a specimen
of H. stricta, Sieb., in Herb. Vindob., bearing the following label in Allan
Cunningham’s handwriting :—‘‘ Eucalyptus acacioides, C., Mar., 1817, Blue
Mountains, N.S.W., 1817 (?), one of Sieber’s species ” (which, indeed, it really is).

SYNONYMS.

1. E. viridis, R. T. Baker.
2. E. odorata, Behr, var. linearis, Maiden.

1. £. viridis, R. T. Baker, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 316 (1900), where
a description of the plant is given.

“Green Maliee, Red Mallee, Brown Mallee.”’

Type localities: ‘On the nills near Girilambone, N.S.W., thence across
country to Cobar; also 7 miles out from Coolabah, on the Wilga Downs Road.”
(W. Baeuerlen).

Allan Cunningham discovered this plant, and first gave it aname. It has
been distributed, under this name, in herbaria for many years. Bearing in mind
the haphazard circumstances under which Eucalyptus names were sometimes
promulgated in the early days, the name is tenable, and, doubtless, would have been
adopted by Mr. Baker, had he known of it. To Mr. Baker belongs the credit of
the first description of this species, and, under the special circumstances, [ am in
doubt as to whether the name viridis should not be adopted.

46

2. E. odorata, Behr, var. linearis, Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A. xxvii,
p- 241 (1908).

“T have made an attempt to subdivide the various forms of H. odorata, but
it is obvious that they run into one another; and, further, the same tree has
different kinds of leaves (within limits) according to the season of the year and the
part of the tree from which they have been taken. These remarks apply with more
or less force to most species of the genus. One form, however, seems worthy of
special mention.

*‘ Linear-lanceolate leaves, coriaceous, shiny, veins not strongly marked.
This is, perhaps, the form most dissimilar in appearance to the type, and might be
ealled var. linearis, var. nov.

‘Tt is the prevailing form in the ‘ Whipstick Mallee’ of New South Wales
and Victoria.”

RANGE.

So far it has only been recorded from certain of the drier parts of Victoria and
New South Wales. TI confidently expect it to be found in Queensland.

VICTORIA.

* Whipstick Gum’ covers a large tract of country north of Bendigo
(W. W. Froggatt, July, 1892). ‘“ Mallee,’ Eaglehawk Flagstaff (A. W. Howitt),
August, 1891; “ Mallee,’ Rushworth (A. W. Howitt) ; Wedderburn and Ingle-
burn, ‘not used for oil” (J. Blackburne).

New Sourn WALtLEgs.

Wyalong (District Forester Osborne, R. H. Cambage}; ‘ Mallee,’ Condo-
bolin (Forester Kidston); The Lachlan (Miss Clements) ; Bundaburra, between
Fifield and Condobolin (P. J. Holdsworth) ; Coolabah (R. W. Peacock) ; Girilam-
bone (E. Betche, J. L. Boorman) ; “Green Mallee.” Type of #. viridis, R.'T. Baker.
Girilambone (W. Baeuerlen).

«‘ Plentiful round the hills of Girilambone. Small thin stems, ribbony at base,
white at tips” (J. L. Boorman); Nyngan (Forester G. Martin, also J. Wharton Cox
and HE. F. Rogers) ; Parish of Kickabel, County of Ewenmar (A. R. Samuels).

“Known as Whipstick Mallee from its erect, slender stems. Its fruits are
eenerally small, but vary in size very much. The bark is brown at the base, and
white above. ‘This is the most easily distinguished of all the Mallees owing to its
narrow green leaves. In some cases it grows as a single tree 50 feet high and a foot
in diameter’ (R. H. Cambage, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1900, p. 602).

AT

Cobar (W. Woolls, J. L. Boorman) ; Nymagee (J, Wharton Cox) ; Mt. Hope
and Mt. Boppy (J. L. Boorman) ; Kast of Bidden Road, Gilgandra (R. H. Cambage) ;
Dubbo-Gilgandra Road, 14 miles from Dubbo (W. Forsyth) ; Dubbo to Minore on
a slight elevation, also Peak Hill (J. L. Boorman); 12 miles north of Dubbo
(Hf. Deane); Warialda (J.H.M., J. L. Boorman, E. J. Hadley).

ING iS:

1. With £. odorata, Belr.

Already alluded to in my synonym of #. odorata, var. linearis, above.
HE. acacioides is usually smaller than #. edorata; but the coastal specimens of
E.. odorata, e.g., the so-called ‘* Black Mallee”? of the Adelaide district, and also
be}
var. purpurascens, are quite as small. As a rule, #. acacivides is smaller in all its
parts, the leaves being narrower, the fruits smaller and with less tendency to a rim,
and the venation less prominent.

2. With E. fruticetorum, F.v.M.

In FL. acacioides we have greener and usually less glaucous leaves than in
HE. fruticetorum, but in juvenile and mature leaves or fruits they seem to run into
each other. 'l'ypical @eacioides from Girilambone, has not only broadish leaves, but
a glaucous cast on the young leaves. Indeed, both it and frwticetorum are closely
related, and both have close affinity to #. odorata.

The leaves have often a dull and bluish type of green, and often have a
channelled appearance as if a depression on the upper surface was caused by the
midrib. Both are usually Mallees, but #. acacioides attains a larger size than I
have ever seen in HF. fruticetorum.

3. With £. calycogona, Turez., var. gracilis, Maiden.

A very ready difference between them lies in the pointed opercula of
Hf. acacioides. The leaves of var. gracilis are broader, usually more shiny, and
with more visible oil-dots. The oil-dots are readily seen in the buds of var. gracilis.
The leaves of var. gracilis are more glaucous, while the fruits are usually somewhat
larger, more conoid or subeylindrical.

48

XLVU. E. Thozetiana. F.v.M.

In Part ITT, p. S2 (see also figs. C-F, Plate 11) of this work I suggested that
this might be looked upon as a variety of #. gracilis, P.v.M. (Zi. calycogona, Turez.)

Sinee then, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxxi, 305, with plate xxiv (1906),
Mr. R. T. Baker has adopted the view of Mueller that the plant might be a distinct
species (H. Thozetiana, F.v.M.). His description of the tree should be referred to.
Whether it is a species or a variety (of H. calycogona, Turez., or perhaps of LH.
ochrophloia, F.v.M.) is not yet settled, in my mind, but it is found at such distant
localities from either Sydney or Brisbane, that one is largely dependent on second-
hand sources of information concerning it.

Mr. C. W. Chapman told me that his ‘“ Yapunyah” (not /. ochrophloia, of
which there is none on his station, Newinga, so far as he knows) is like a Mallee,
but he does not believe it has the bulbous stock of a Mallee. The average size of the
stems is a diameter of 7-8 inches, with a length of 25 feet (as poles drawn into the
station), so that the length may be fairly put at 30 feet. The colour of the timber
is brown or black-brown, not red.

Vernacular Name.—Mr. C. W. Chapman (to whom I was introduced by
Mr. R. T. Baker) says that ‘‘ Yapunyah”’ is the spelling on his station (Newinga),
but that it is called “‘ Napunyah”’ on the adjacent station.

T have noticed a similar use of the two names in regard to #. ochrophloia,
and the well-known case of Yarran and Narran* which I took considerable pains to
attempt to clear up, may be referred to in this connection.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. gracilis, F.v.M., var. Thozetiana, F.v.M., in “’ Kucalyptographia.”’
2. E. calycogona, Turez., var. Thozetiana, Maiden, p. 82, vol. I of this work.

RANGE:

See the localities given at p.82, Part IIT of this work.

Mr. C. W. Chapman states that it is plentiful at Newinga Station, 65 miles
west of Goondiwindi, on the St. George’s road from Goondiwindi. He believes it
also occurs at Tandawanna Station, 40 miles west of Goondiwindi. These are all
Queensland localities, but at no very great distance from the New South Wales

border.

* What is Narran? ‘‘ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” Part xxxv, p. 75.

49

AFFINITIES:
1. With EF. fruticetorum, F.v.M.

The anthers are very similar to those of &. fruticetorum, V.v.M., and £.
acacioides, A. Cunn. See also p. 43 (under L. frutivelorum).

2. With F. acacioides, A. Cunn.

HE. Thozetiana attains a larger size, the buds are more pointed, the fruits more
urceolate, and the foliage more pendulous, and, apparently, more shiny. ‘The
juvenile foliage is very similar in both species; the timber of /. Thozetiana appears
to contain less sap-wood; but in order that the differences between the two timbers
may be accurately ascertained, specimens from approximately similar localities
should be compared.

3 and 4. With E. ochrophloia, F.v.M. and E. ecalycogona, 'Turez.

E. Thozetiana has a smooth or hard scaly bark, with a dark brown timber.
(O’Shanesy, in the note quoted below,* says the wood is “red, but very little
known.” Perhaps he is mistaken as to the colour.)

E. ochrophloia has a hard scaly bark, and dark brown timber with a little
red in it (one specimen only examined by me).

E. calycogona has a smooth bark and dark brown timber.

As far as my knowledge goes at present there is not much difference between
the timbers of the three species. The relations between the two first species is
undoubtedly close, geographically as well; 2. calycogona is not found within
hundreds of miles of the other two, so far as we know af present.

5. With E. calycogona, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden.

B. Thozetiana also requires to be very carefully compared with F. calycogona,
Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden = E. celastroides, Turez., which, as Diels and Pritzel
have shown (see p. 43), attains the height of 65 feet. The two trees display a good
deal of similarity (compare Plate 10 of this work and Mr. Baker’s figure of
E. Thozetiana). The leaves of H. celastroides are usually glaucous. It is, however,
not to be surprised at that a New South Wales tree should present differences to a
West Australian one. Distances may be very great in Australia, and, hence, some
comparisons of plants have to remain in abeyance which in small countries could be

readily settled.

“ B. gracilis (he is referring to 2. Thozetiana, ¥.v.M., J.H.M.) is a middle-sized tree of graceful habit, with a clear
trunk and short spreading head ; bark smooth, white, and entirely deciduous ; wood red, but very little known.

The trunk is beautifully fluted, which appears to be a constant character of the species. It was first discovered by
the late Mr. Thozet in his fatal excursion to Expedition Range, and subsequently by the writer in the neighbourhood of
Cometville, but its distribution in this district is very local.—(‘‘ Contributions to the Flora of Queensland,” p, 42.)

50

XLVI. E. ochrophioia, F.v.M.

Ts tree has been dealt with at some length at pages §6 and 87 of Part III of this
work. It requires further field observations by a competent botanist. Mr. A.
Murphy, who made observations on it in the Paroo district, reports as follows :—

“ Yappunyah.”— Very abundant ; a river gum. Has a very erect trunk for 20-30 feet ; it then
branches off into a number of limbs. The trunks are up to 3 feet 6 inches in diameter. It has very
drooping branches, almost like a willow, and this, conjoined with the straight trunk, gives the tree a
peculiar appearance. It has clean limbs, but at the base of the trunk it is very rough, scaly, peeling off,
and very black. It is the toughest timber of the district ; you cannot break it. It is used for buggy
shafts, &ec.

It is evident that the timbers of this and 4. Thozeliana have very similar
qualities as regards the timber.

Ode ee:

1. With E. calycogona, Turez.

At p. 86, Part ITT, vol. 1 of this work, I have suggested its affinity to this
species. Examination of the anthers shows that those organs cannot be distinguished
from each other.

2. With F. Thozetiana, F.v.M.

This has been referred to under H. Thozetiana, p. 48. The relations between
these two species are not yet fully worked out. ;

51

DIES OINE
XIIX. EF. microtheca, F.v.M.

DescriBep in Journ. Linn. Soc., iii, 87 (1858), in Latin, which may be translated as
follows :—

A tree with slender nearly terete branches. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate
subfaleate, somewhat acute, dark and without visible oil-glands, very thinly veined, the marginal vein
close to the edge. Umbels axillary, solitary or paniculate, few-flowered, the peduncles angular, Fruits

2

small, semi-ovate, not ribbed, shortly pedicellate, 3- to 4-celled, the valves insertel below the margin and
hardly exserted. Fertile seeds blackish, smooth, not winged. /Zab.—Not rare in the fertile plains of
Tropical Australia. Tree of middle size with a dirty brownish-white bark full of wrinkles and cracks,
persistent on the trunk, deciduous on the upper branches, leaving them ashy-white. Leaves rather thin,
2-5" long, 4-8” broad. Panicle shorter than the leaves, the peduncles variable in length. Fruits, 14

to 2” long ; seeds nearly ?’” long, peltate- or truncate-ovate.

It was afterwards described in English by Bentham in B.F7/. ii, 223 as
EH. brachypoda, Turez., though with some confusion with /. rudis, Endl., as will
be explained presently. Mueller subsequently figured and described the species in
the “ Eucalyptographia.”

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia) figures 2. microtheca with a non-dilated stigma,
and draws attention to this as a character, but I have seen quite a number of flowers
of this species with a more or less dilated stigma, so that this supposed character
falls to the ground.

SYNONYM.

E. brevifolia, F.v.M., Journ. Linn. Soc., iii, 84 (185$).

Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia”’ agrees with Bentham (B.FV. iii, 223) that
Hi. brevifolia is a synonym of #. microtheca. It is the older name and would have
replaced 7. microtheca had not there been an earlier HZ. brevifolia.

E. brachypoda, Turez., not a Synonym.

Bentham (B.F/. iii, 223) unites #. microtheca with 2. brachypoda ; but as already pointed out in
Fraym., xi, 14, Drummond’s plant iv, 73, belongs to the southern regions of Western Australia, only his
subsequent collections, pirticularly the sixth, bringing plants from the neighbourhood of the Murchison
River. His plant in the Melbourne collection is also not in fruit; but the flowering specimen, to which
Turezaninow’s description is well applicable, agrees with Z. rudis. —(Hucalyptographia, under L. microtheca.)

I have examined Drummond’s iv, 73, and agree with Mueller in referring it
to EL. rudis, so that 2. brachypoda, Turez., is not a synonym of £. microtheca, F.v.M.

A specimen of Mueller’s ‘“ Hucalyptus micrtoheca, ferd Mueller, Victoria
River” (doubtless a co-type), named by Bentham ZL. brachypoda, Turcz., for the
Flora Australiensis, was presented to me by Kew, and is the species under con-
sideration, so that Bentham has placed two species under #. brachypoda,

H

oe NiGge

Ir is found in the drier parts of Australia, in all the mainland States except
Victoria. It usually occurs on the banks of rivers, or in depressions liable to
flooding.

New Soutnu WaAtEgs.

This is the “ Dwarf Box’ of Forest Department (N.S.W.) Exhibition
Catalogues of a few years back, where it is labelled “ 2. brachypoda; timber not
much used or valued. Open plains, Lachlan, Darling, and towards the Barrier Range.”

The late K. H. Bennett, sent this species from Ivanhoe, vid Hay, under the
native name ‘“Tangoon,” with the note that “ this is our largest tree, often attaining
a height of 70 to 80 feet, with a diameter of 4 feet. It is the principal tree used by
the blacks for the extraction of water from the roots.’ While indubitably
E.. microtheca, it resembles the broad-leaved forms of #. bicolor. The flowers are
large, the Jeaves have a yellowish cast, and are 2 or 1 inch broad by 23 inches long,
having a different appearance from normal microtheca.

We have it from the banks of the Bogan and on flats near the Darling River,
e.g., Bourke, &e The leaves vary in width, i.e. (with same length), varying on the
same tree from 2 inch to 3 inch broad.

Angledool, north of Walgett, near the Queensland border (Newcomen) ;
Burren Junction (J. L. Boorman) ; Boggabilla (H. M. R. Rupp).

While usually a small gnarled tree on the flats near the Namoi, it sometimes
occurs as a tree of considerable size.

%

Bark rough and persistent, scaly, a pretty tree, with rather dense and drooping
foliage. Banks of Namoi at Narrabri. (H. Deane and others.)

“Coolibah or Swamp Box,” Narrabri. Leaves 7 inches long, and up to 1 inch
broad, and glaucous. (Forester McGee.)

This is the Coolabah whose suckers are, under the provisions of the Crown
Lands Act of 1889, declared to be “‘ scrub” in a Gazette notice of November, 1904
(District Surveyor Arch. Lockhard, Moree).

Howell, near Inverell (E. C. Andrews).

On the | vel river country a conspicuous tree is Lucalyptus microtheca, F.v.M. (Coolabah) which is
easily identified by its rough grey bark all over the trunk, and its perfectly smooth white limbs.

All these trees—Z. microtheca, E. largiflorens (bicolor) and its variety, according to my observations,
grow only on what is known as the river or black soil country, and never away on the hills. They are of
crooked growth, and average about 30 to 40 feet high. Over the country which is now being described,
FE. macrotheca was only found extending as far as 12 miles south of Bourke, ceasing with the black soil,
though it goes northward through Queensland.—(R. H. Cambage, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W., 1900, p. 592.)

53

(QUEENSLAND.
Goondiwindi, near New South Wales border (Glasson); Roxborough (through
F. M. Bailey); Thargomindah ; ‘Coolabah,’ Mulligan River. The seed is a
favourite article of food of the blacks (H. Clarke) ; Rockhampton (J.H.M.).
“Coolabah ” or ‘* Flooded Box” is found on all Gulf (of Carpentaria) waters,
often in floooded ground, of a crooked growth, about 30 feet high (E. W. Palmer,
Proce. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 1883, p. 106). Mr. Palmer’s specimens came from the

Flinders.
SoutH AUSTRALIA.

Lake Eyre (W. Baldwin Spencer).

NortH AUSTRALIA.
Port Darwin. Not in fruit (M. Holtze); Victoria River, type (Mueller).

West. AUSTRALIA.

Murchison River (Oldfield), in flower and fruit. Labelled by Mueller
Cd Dp brachypoda, Turez. non Benth.”

“Flooded Gum,” Mt. Narryer, Murchison (Isaac Tyson, per R. Helms); Milly’s
Soak, near Cue (W. V. Fitzgerald; J.H.M.).

“Tree 4 to 10 metres high, with pendulous branches, smooth, white bark,
subglaucous foliage. Creek near Roeburn in clayey soil, with Acacias. No. 2,758”
(L. Diels).

Dr. J. B. Cleland (who collected it at Strelley River and other north-west
localities, where it is known as “ Black-heart Gum)”’ tells me that the trunk of
this species in Western Australia is often as white as if whitewashed, and the
whiteness rubs off readily if touched.

sueblel INGER Boks).

1. With EF. melanophloic, F.v.M.

Mr. R. T. Baker (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvii, 226, (1902), points
out that #. microtheca leaves are very similar to those of the lanceolate ones of
E. melanophloia, and states that the barks are also identical : “in herbarium material,
however, the leaves of the latter species can easily be separated from the former, as
they always dry a light slate colour, in contradistinction to the brownish colour of
those of the Ironbark.” Ordinarily the two species are sharply separated as regards
the leaves, those of H. melanophloia being broad, almost cordate, and stem-clasping,
while the juvenile foliage of the two species is very different, that of . microtheca
being lanceolate or narrow lanceolate. The fruits of . microtheca have exserted

54

valves ; the bark is dark and hard (or perfectly smooth in tropical or nearly tropical
localities), but very different to that of . melanophloia, which is an Ironbark.
The strong similarities indeed only refer to the lanceolate-leaved forms. As regards
the lanceolate leaves of H. melanophiloia, it is very rarely the case that they are ever
as narrow as those of HH. microtheca, and the venation is more spreading. My
experience is that the colour on drying of the leaves of the two species is much
the same—glaucous on both sides. The matter will be again referred to when
EH. melanophloia is figured.

2. With F. Raveretiana, F.v.M.

The fruits and flowers are smaller, and the timber is brown, not red. Mueller
(and also O’Shanesy) points out the #. Laveretiana timber was formerly distributed
in International Exhibitions as 2. microtheca. E. Raveretiana is a much larger
tree and the bark less scaly ; itis also very local, being confined to the Rockhampton
district so far as is known at present.

3. With F. rudis, Endl.

There has been some confusion between these two species in the past, and
the synonymy has, I hope, been now cleared up. See p.51. The fruits of L. rudis
are much larger than those of 2. microtheca, the buds are also larger, and the
leaves usually broader and thinner, and do not dry white.

4. With E. rostrata, Schlecht.

Especially in Western Australia there is a closer resemblance between
E. microtheca and EF. rostrata. The fruits of the latter are usually larger and the
opercula more rostrate (a character to be applied with caution in Western Australian
specimens), the venation less fine, the intramarginal vein further from the edge,
and the surface non-glaucous. As arule, also, 4. rostrata lacks the black hard bark
that is common on the butt of H. microtheca, but West Australian trees of the
latter appear to have less of it than eastern ones. The anthers of the two species

are very different.

5. With F. bicolor, A. Cunn. See p. 12.

Explanation of Plates (49-52).

PLATE 49.
E. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
1. Juvenile foliage. Metung, Gippsland, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)

2a. Juvenile foliage (J. L. Boorman, Jan, 1904) ; 26, unripe fruit, showing rim (J.H.M., Mar., 1900) ;
both Wingello, near Goulburn, N.S.W.

3. Ripe fruits, showing exserted valves ; usually 6-celled, but sometimes 7. ‘‘ Red Box,” Bega district,

N.S.W., Nov., 1894.

55
4a. Intermediate leaf (R. H. Cambage, Aug., 1901); 4b and 4c, intermediate and mature leaf
(J. I. Boorman, Feb., 1900); 4d and 4e, buds and anther (Rev. Dr. Woolls, Nov., 1886) ;
4f, fruits and transverse section of a fruit, 5 or 6 celled. All from Cabramatta, or Cabramatta
to Bankstown, near Sydney.
FB. bicolor, A. Cunn.

5a. Juvenile leaf; 5b, another juvenile leaf, still in the opposite stage, but much larger, and the intra-
marginal vein well defined ; 5c, buds ; 5d, immature fruits, showing rim and taking on an

urceolate shape. All from Lake Cudgellico, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

6a and 64, Leaves ; 6c, buds ; 6d, fruit of type of Z. largiflorens, F.v.M., Murray River (Mueller), named
“ B. bicolor, A.C.” by Bentham for the Flora Australiensis.

7. Twig with buds, “Eucalyptus bicolor, A. Cunningham, New Holland, Hooker as W. J.) 1835.”
Part of Allan Cunningham’s type.

8. Twig, with flowers, part of “ No. 446 of 1846, sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell.”
Marked #. bicolor by Bentham. Both 7 and 8 were presented by Kew, and had been examined
for the Flora Australiensis.

9a. Leaf; 96, buds ; 9c, narrow leaf and fruits ; 9d, still narrower leaf and fruits; 9e, anther. All “ River
Box.” Bourke (on the Cobar Road). (J. LL. Boorman.) Note the variation in size of fruits,
and the remarkably linear leaves. Might reasonably be confused with #. odorata, var.
Woollsiana, See p. 36.

10a. Buds ; 100, leaf and fruits ; 10c, anther. Note the small blunt buds, the coarse leaf, and the open
or wide mouths of the fruits. No. 62, ‘‘ Bastard Box,” Cobham Lake, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)

lla. Buds with very pointed opercula ; 116, fruits. North-west of Lake Albacutya, Victoria. (C. French.)
12. Small spheroid fruits, with the orifice nearly closed. Near Condobolin, N.S.W. (Hon. W. H. Suttor.)
13. Elongate fruits, Coolabah, N.S.W. (R. W. Peacock.)

PLATE 50.
E. hemiphloia, F.v.M. (typical form).
1. Juvenile leaf (not in opposite stage). Drake, N.S.W. (KE. C. Andrews.)

2a. Juvenile leaf (not in opposite stage); 2b, mature leaf; 2c, buds; 2d, fruits; 2e, anther. From
Bankstown, N.S.W. practically a type locality. (J. L. Boorman.)

3. Fruits, a common eastern New South Wales form, a little smaller than the type. Acacia Creek,
Macpherson Range. (W. Dunn.)

4. Immature fruit showing a marked tendency to be urceolate and to have a rim. Windsor, N.S.W.
(J.S, Allan.) Compare 11.

Mature fruit, yet with a tendency to be urceolate. Unumgar Station, Upper Richmond River, N.S. W.
(W. Forsyth.) Compare 22

or

6. Immature buds, showing double operculum and paniculate inflorescence. (See also 9 and 20a.) ‘“ Gum-
topped Box.” North of Rockhampton, Queensland. (A. Murphy.) See also 16.

Var. microcarpa, Maiden.

7a. Juvenile leaf (still in opposite stage); 7b, mature leaf; 7c, anther; 77, fruits and section of one,
showing the sunk valves. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)

8. Buds. Near Murga, N.S.W. (H. Deane.)
9. Paniculate inflorescence. Compare 6 and 20a. Bendigo, Victoria. (W. W. Froggatt.)

10a and 108. Buds. Note the variation in size. “White Box” or “Grey Box,” Wyalong, N.S.W.,
(Arthur Osborne.)

56

11. Fruits. Note their angularity and urceolate shape. Compare 4 and 5. Goulburn River, Victoria.
12. Fruits. Note variation in size on same twig. ‘Grey Box,” Wyalong. (Arthur Osborne.)
13a, 136. Fruits. Variation in size from same tree. Mt. McDonald, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)

14a, 146. Fruits, showing slight rim, also elongation of fruit-stalk. Condobolin—Euabalong Road, N.S.W.

(J.H.M.)
15a. Mature leaf, rather broad; 156, fruits, rather hemispherical. Tomingley to Narromine, N.S.W.
(J.H.M.)

16a. Juvenile leaf; 16%, buds; 16c, fruits. Herbert Creek, Queensland. (E. M. Bowman.) This
specimen is nearest to ¢ypica, but it will be seen how gentle is the transition between it and var.
microcarpa.

17. Urceolate fruit, displaying slight angularity. Compare 4 and 11. Narrandera, N.S.W. (Forester
Condell.)
Var. albens, F.v.M.

18a. Buds ; 180, fruits. From practically a type locality. Wirrabara Forest, South Australia, spontaneous
trees. (J.H.M.)

19a. Juvenile leaf (opposite stage) ; 196, buds; 19c, anthers ; 19d, fruits (there are larger ones from this
locality). Tongio, Gippsland, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)

20a. Panicle of buds; see Nos. 6 and 9; 20) and 20c, different sizes of fruit. All from the same tree,
Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

2la. Fruits ; 216, fruit, showing angle. Compare 4and 17. Cowra, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
22. Fruits, decidedly urceolate. Compare 5 and 11. Mt. Macquarie, near Blayney, N.S.W.
(J. L. Boorman.)

PLATE 51.

E. hemiphloia, ¥.v.M., var. albens, F.v.M. (continued).
la. Buds; 10, rather cylindrical fruits. Young, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
2. Fruit, showing marked angle. Scone, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) Compare 3 and 11, plate 50.
3. Fruits less cylindrical, no pedicels. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
4. Fruits. Inverell to Howell, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
5. Fruits. Merrindee, between Mudgee and Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy, No. 5.)
6. Fruit, no pedicel. Bullio to Wombeyan Caves, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)

Ta. Juvenile leaf; 76, fruits. Mudgee to Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy, No. 4.) I look upon this
as a transit specimen between the normal form and var. albens. See p. 22.

8. Fruits, nearly spheroid. Temingley Creek, near Dubbo, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.) Approaching
var. albens. See p. 22.

E. odorata, Behr and Schlecht. Typical form.
9a. Leaf; 9b, buds and flowers ; 9c, anther of the type ‘“ Dr. Behr, Sud Australie, 1848.”

10a and 108. Juvenile leaves, both in the opposite stage. Note the remarkable variation in width ; 10c,
mature leaf. Wirrabara, near Mt. Remarkable, South Australia. (W. Gill.)

lla. Buds; 116, fruits; llc, longitudinal section of a fruit to show the sunk valves. Upper part of
St. Vincent’s Gulf, S.A. (W. Gill.)

12. Fruits, showing angularity of fruit and slight rim. Near Melrose, by Mt. Remarkable, Flinders
Range, 8.A. (W. Gill.)

57

18a. Leaf, the venation very indistinct; 134, buds and flowers and anther. Box-tree flats near
Mt. Remarkable (“ Dr. Ferd. Miiller, pharm. cand. 1854”). This is a specimen of the type of
E. cajuputea, F.v.M., and is conspecific with HL. odorata.

14a. Buds ; 146, fruits. “ Peppermint.” Mount Lofty Range, South Australia. (Max Koch.)

15a. Mature leaf (showing channelling, see p. 27); 156, small fruits, many in the head. Adelaide.
(W. Gill.)

16a and 164. Juvenile leaves in the opposite stage ; 16¢ and 16d, leaves in different stages of maturity ;
16e, fruits. Leaves like these show the impossibility of separating Z. odorata from its broad-
suckered variety calcicultrix. National Park, near Adelaide. (W. Gill.)

17. Very small fruits. Port Lincoln to Coffin’s Bay, South Australia. (J.H.M.)

18a. Young fruit, urceolate and with rim ; 184, mature fruit. Scrub between Murray Bridge and Monarto,
S.A. (J. M. Black.)

19a. Juvenile leaf ; 19), fruits, with wider mouth. Kapunda, S.A. (R. H. Cambage.)

Var. calcicultrix, F.v.M.

20a. Juvenile leaf (note its broadness) ; 20, mature leaf (note the intramarginal vein away from the edge) ;
20c, fruits (note the rim). Adelaide. (F. Mueller.) Type of 2. calcicultrix, F.v.M.

2la. Leaf; 216, buds ; 2lc¢, anther. Gawler, S.A. (F. Mueller.) Type of 2. leucoaxylon, var. pluriflora.
See p. 29.

22a, 22h, 22c, Specimens of juvenile leaves, still in the opposite stage, and showing the great variation in
the width and shape. Cape Jervis, S.A. (J.H.M.)

23. Buds. Operculum quite hemispherical. Quorn, S.A. (W. Gill.)
24a, Leaf (note its narrowness) ; 24), buds ; 24, fruits (note their smallness). South Australia (W. Gill.)
25a. Leaf ; 256, buds and flowers. Flinders Range, S.A. (F. Mueller.) Type of ZH. porosa, F.v.M.
26. Fruits; pear-shaped and with small orifice. Mt. Brown Forest Reserve, Flinders Range, S.A.
(W. Gill.)
Var. Woollsiana, Maiden.

27a. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage); 276, mature leaf; 27c, fruits (small, and with distinct rim).
Narrabri, N.S.W. (J.H.M.). Type of variety.

28a. Buds and flowers ; 28), anther ; 28c, fruits with wide mouths. Narrabri West, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
29. Fruits, pear-shaped. Gilgandra, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
30. Fruits, slightly pear-shaped, marked white rim. Mt. Boppy, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

PLATE 52.
E. odorata, Behr, var. calcicultrix, F.v.M. (concluded).

la. Juvenile leaf in opposite stage ; 1, fruits, pear-shaped. Murray Bridge, S.A. (R. H. Cambage and
J.H.M.)

2a and 2b, Fruits. These fruits are small, nearly spherical in shape, and show a rim when immature.
The rim is absent when mature. Emu Flat, Ninety-mile Desert, S.A. (W. Gill.)

Var. purpurascens, Maiden.

3a. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage) ; 34, leaf in intermediate stage; 3c, mature leat ; 3d and 3e, buds of

different sizes and varying angularity ; 3f, anther ; 3g, fruits, showing marked angularity. Port
Lincoln district, S.A. (J.H.M.) Type of variety.

5a.

6a.

Ta.

8a.

9a.

10a.

ie

12a

13.
14.

58

Young fruits, showing a decided urceolate tendency. Compare numbers 4 and 5, plate 50, and
18a, plate 51, Memory Cove, $8.A. (Robert Brown, Jter Australiense, 1802-5.) British
Museum, No. 4,735.

Variety of Z. odorata (? member of the Ironbark Box group. See pages 38 and 39).

Seedling leaf ; 56 and 5c, juvenile leaves (still in opposite stage) of different widths ; 5d, mature leaf
5e, buds; 5f, flowers; 5g, anther ; 5h, young fruit, urceolate in shape, and with a distinct rim
5i, mature fruit, with rim scarcely evident. Inglewood, Victoria. (J. Blackburne, No. 14.)

E. fruticetorum, F.v.M.

Leaf and buds; 60, flowers; 6c, anther ; 6d, fruits. Lower Avoca Scrub, Wedderburn, Victoria.
(W. Percy Wilkinson.) The whole label, with the addition of the words “ HKuc. fruticetorum,
F.v.M.”, is in Mueller’s handwriting. Apparently anterior to this is a note in Luehmann’s
handwriting : “Stamens all fertile. Anthers very small, globular, appearing often deformed,
opening by minute lateral pores. Possibly a new species, but nearly allied to #. odorata.”

(Herb. Melb.) .

Juvenile leaves, almost in the opposite stage (note the variation in width) ; 74, intermediate leaf.
Wyalong, N.8S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Mature leaf; 80, fruits. ‘‘ Blue Mallee,” Wyalong, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.) Type of 4. polybractea,
R. T. Baker.

E. acacioides, A. Cunn.

Twig, bearing buds and fruits ; 96, twig bearing flowers ; 9c, anther. All from the type. “N.S.W.,
A. Cunningham, 1817,” bearing the name “ Eucalyptus acacioides”” in Allan Cunningham’s
handwriting.

Mature leaf; 105, buds; 10c, fruits. Girilambone, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.) Type of 2. viridis,
R. T. Baker.

Juvenile leaf. Warialda, N.\S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

and 126. Fruits, showing variation in size. Minore, near Dubbo, N.8.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

E. Thozetiana, F.v.M.
(See also Plate 11, Part IIT.)
Juvenile Leaf. Newinga Station, Queensland. (C. W. Chapman.)

Anther from a flower from scrub near River Mackenzie, Queensland. (E. M. Bowman.)

E. ochrophloia, F.v.M.

. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage); 156, mature leaf; 15c, buds; 15d, anther; 15e, young fruits,

showing rim ; 15f, mature fruits (a slight black rim remains), Cuttaburra River, Yantabulla,

N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
E. microtheca, F.v.M.
Juvenile leaf. “Coolabah,” Bourke, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
Juvenile leaf. Burren Junction, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Mature leaf ; 184 and 18c, fruits, very different in size. ‘ Coolabah,” Bogan River, near Coolabah,
N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)

Buds; 194, anther. Bourke, N.S.W. (O. C. McDougall.)
Buds. Between Lachlan and Darling Rivers, N.S.W. (K. H. Bennett.)

Buds (rather blunt opercula) ; 216, fruits (in this specimen the valves are less exserted and are
oftener four in number than three). Murchison River, W.A. (A. Oldfield.)

Fruits. North-West Australia. (L. Diels, No. 2,758.)

59

The ‘following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acmenioides, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Luehmanniana, ¥.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata, Hook. (vii).
melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
maicrocorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil).
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
paniculata, Sm. (viii).
puularis, Sm. (xxxi).
piperita, Sm. (xxxi).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, K.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm, (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii),

Details in regard to their economic

The number of

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and other

illustrations.

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—1910,

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

E. BOSISTOANA, F.v.M. (1-4).

E. BICOLOR, A. Cunn. (5-78).

cRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 50.

E. HEMIPHEOIA, E:v. Me. (1-6):
(Var. microcarpa, MAWweEN, 7-17.) (Var. albens, F.v.M., 18-22.)

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

E. HEMIPHLOJA, F.v.M. E. ODORATA, BrEHR & SCHLECHT.

(Var. albens, F.v.M., 1-8.) (Typical form, 9-19.) (Var. caleicultrix, F.v.M., 20-26.)
(Var. Woollsiana, Maipen, 27-30.)

E. ODORATA, Beur & SCHLECHT.

(Var. caleicultrix, F.v.M., 1-2.) (Var. purpurascens, MAIDEN, 3-4.) (Var. ? Ironbark Box, 3.)
E. FRUTICETORUM, F.v.M. (6-8). E. ACACIOIDES, A. Cunn. (9-12).
E. THOZETIANA, F.v.M. (13-14). E. OCHROPHLOIA, F.v.M. (Jd).
E. MICROTHECA, F.v.M. (16-22).

PAS CO RITIGAL REVISION OF THE

GENUS EUCALYPTUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Ome oe Ae.
Part XII of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
MacauLay’s ‘‘ Essay ON MILTON.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published ly Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Supnev ;

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET,

* 73161—A 1910.

va

WALA ob: = aa

ME ak Wo saat), bow wag RRR, wR tt alge}. nowgeethl

[. Eucalyptus Raveretiana, F.v.M.

Description : ; : ; : ; ;
Notes supplementary to the description

“Range. 5 : : : A . °

Affinities. : - : : - .

LI. Eucalyptus crebra, F.v.M.

Description 3 : 4 : ; 5 : °

Notes supplementary to the description .

Synonyms. : A - - : . . °
Range : ; . . : : : 4
Affinities . : ; “ : ° ° ° .

LIL Eucalyptus Staigeriana, F.y.M.

Description 5 : . e ° ° °
Notes supplementary to the description
Synonym , . ° ° ° ° ° e °
Range . : ° . ° ° ° ° °
Affinities . ° ° . ° . e ° e

LIll, Eucalyptus melanophloia, F.v.M.

Description . 5 . ° . . . .
Notes supplementary to the description
Range ° ° . ° ° . ° : °

Affinities . é A 5 : « 5 5 -

LIV. Eucalyptus pruinosa, Schauer.

Description 5 ; : : °
Notes supplementary to the description
Synonym ., , . ° ° ° ° ° .
Range. ° . . : . . ° ° °
Affinities . 5 : : . : . ° .

69
69
7O
7O
7O

71
71
72
73

74
74
74
74
75

LV. Eucalyptus Smithit, k. T. Baker.

Description
Synonyms.
Range '
Affinities

LVI. Eucalyptus Naudiniana, F.v.M.
Description . : : 3 ;
. Nates a ee, to. the description
Synonym . ‘ ‘ ;
Range
Affinities

“LIL Bucy sideroxy ae A, Cunn.
Description
Anthers with teehee pores
Varieties -
Range
Affinities .

i AUGe Baeadpatus rebee/lat F.v.M.

Description :
.Notes ee eee to ane Sede

Synonym .

Varieties +.

Range.

Affinities

2

LEX. ee es Maiden.
Description
Range
Affinities
Hybridism .

Explanation of Plates’

DESCRIPTION.
[. E. Raveretiana, F.v.M.

Fragmenta phytographie Australie, x, 99 (1877). Figured and described in
English in the ‘ Eucalyptographia.”

Notes supplementary to the Description.

The figure in the ‘* Eucalyptographia”’ is aot a very good one. While the
tree has many leaves of the shape depicted, yet there are also numerous long lanceolar
leaves, as figured at fig. 38a, Pl. 53 of the present work, while the juvenile leaves,
figured at la and 1b of the same Plate, have not previously been figured or
described.

They vary from obovate to broadly lanceolate and elliptical in shape. ‘Texture
rather thin but tough, underside pale, intramarginal vein rather distant from the
edge.

The tree is very large and sturdy, and the timber is very hard. It has flaky
or hard scaly bark on the trunk and main branches. ‘The flakes or furrows are not
deep. ‘The smaller branches are dirty blue grey in colour.

It isa “Box” tree.

ee gs AN SA ae

Near Rockhampton, Queensland (Thozet and O’Shanesy) ; Dawson and Nercool
Creek (Bowman); near Port Denison (Fitzalan) [ Hucalyptographia|. I have
no additional localities other than those quoted. The type came from valleys
within the tropic of Capricorn in Eastern Australia, but no definite locality. It
doubtless came from the neighbourhood of Rockhampton.

Moore’s Creek, north of Rockhampton, is the nearest locality to Rockhampton
where this species occurs.

‘Occasional trees along creeks and borders of scrubs in Mackay and Bowen
districts.”

62

APT NGS LES:
1. With £. microtheca, I.v.M.

Mueller ( Eucalyplographia) says these two species are closest related. The
inflorescence and fruits of W. Laveretiana are, however, smaller, being almost minute,
the foliage is different, while the barks of the two trees are very different, and while
the timber of 7. microtheca is red, that of #. Reveretiana is of abrown colour. The
latter specics is a much larger tree.

2and 38. With EF. brachyandra, ¥.v.M., and E. Howittiana, ¥.v.M.
Mueller (Lucalyplographia) points out the resemblance of it to the former
species as regards size of fruits. Being a minute-flowered species, 2. Howittiana,
F.v.M., naturally also occurs to one in this connection.

From the point of view of anther-form, the closest affinity of this species is with
the two Ironbarks LZ. ercbra and #. Staigeriana, and an Tronbark Box, 2. leplophleba,

63

DESCRIPTION.

Ll, Ee crebra., G4. MM.
Journ, Linn, Soc., iii, 87 (1859).

AGain described in B.Fl. ili, 221, and also in Hucalyptographia. ' Some - of
the trees referred to in the supplementary paragraphs (B,FI. ii, 222) belong to
Fi. melanophloia, F.v.M.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

It would have been better had the figure in the Lucalyptographia been placed
upside down, as the foliage is pendulous. It is, indeed, the most graceful of the
Tronbarks. It has often quite thin leaves, but this is not an unfailing character.
The foliage often dries whitish, particularly when from drier localities.

The fruits are quite small, perhaps not quite so small, on the average, as
those depicted in the Kucalyptographia, Sometimes they are so large as to cause
possible confusion with 2. paniculata.

Sometimes the fruit has a rounded rim and has valves which are exsert.

©

SYNONYMS.

1. E. racemosa, Cav. (probably).

2. E. hemastoma, DC., non Sm.

3. E. gracilis, Sicb., non F.v.M.

4. E. angustifolia, Woolls.

5, E. terminalis, Britten, non F.v.M.

1. Eucalyptus racemosus.

377. Eucalyptus foliis lanceolatis, acumine aeutissimo valde producto ; florum umbellis in racemum
dispositis. /

Caulis arborens 20 et amplius pedes altus antequam ramis ornetur Jongis alternis iterum ramosis ;
folia obscure punctata, acumine acutissimo valde producto: nervus unicus longitudinalis, ex quo plures
alternatim adsurgunt, parum ab ipso divergentes ; umbellae 7-9 florae, pedunculo communi brevi, alternae
in racemum foliosum dispositae.

Obs.—D. LHeritier habeo 1. et 2. fasciculum Serti Anglici ubi est character genericus Eucalypti ;
tabulam non vidi. (Cav. Ze. iv, 24.)

“Tar too imperfectly described to render identification possible.” (B.IL. iii,
200.) I concur, unless a specimen is available. . The following, however, has been
named racemosa by a good botanist.

A specimen in Herb. Vindob. is labelled “ Eucalyptus haematostoma, Smith ;
E. racemosa, Cay., with a note ‘No. 476, Sieber.’ It is L, erebra, F.v.M.

64

2. E. hemastoma, DC. non Smith.

Operculo hemisphaerico mucronulato cupula breviore, pedunculis axillaribus subterminalibusque
subangulatis petiolo longioribus, aliis umbellam unicam aliis umbellas plures racemost digestas gerentibus,
floribus 5-10 pedicellatis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acumivatis. Im Nova-Hollandid. EH. racemosa Cay.
Icon. 4, p. 24, n. 377. White, Jtin. 226, cum icon, ex Smith et Willd., Sieb. Plant. Hxs.n. 476. Folia
basi subaequalia 3 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata (vy. s.). (DC., Prod. iii, 219).

3. E. gracilis, Sieb., ex Benth., B.FI. iii, 222.

To this form (specimens of Z. erebra from New England) appear to belong also Sieber’s specimens
of Z. gracilis, Pl. Exs. No. 476, referred by De Candolle to Z. hemastoma, but very different from Smith’s
plant of that name. They are in young bud and in fruit.

I have examined the specimen in Herb. Kew on which Bentham based the
above remarks. It is in young bud, as stated, and has but one fruit, not quite ripe.
I have since been able to examine better specimens of Sieber’s No. 476 (notably
those in the Vienna Herbarium), and believe that Bentham’s view is a correct one,
and that it is correctly referred to 2. crebra, F.v.M.

At the same time I desire to emphasise the fact that herbarium specimens in
mature leaf and half-ripe bud of Z. crebra, are very difficult to discriminate between
those of L. hemastoma var. micrantha.

Indeed, I do not attach much importance to Sieber’s No. 476. They are
incomplete; perhaps they are mixed.

4. FE. angustifolia, Woolls.

Description.-—E. angustifolia is regarded as a variety of #. paniculata, but the workmen, judging
only from the wood, call it a distinet species, by the name of the Narrow-leaved Ironbark. (Lect. Veg.
Kingd., 123.) é

This is #. crebra, F.v.M., according to Mueller (ucalyptographia). It is
found in the Grose Vale and Lower Kurrajong, and I collected it there as directed
by Dr. Woolls himself.

5. E. terminalis, Britten non F.v.M., in Jll., Bot. Captain Oook’s Voyage
(Banks and Solander). Determinations by James Britten, ii, 39, with
Plate 117.

RANGE.

THE type was apparently from no specific locality, but from the area between the
Newcastle Range to Moreton Bay, both in Queensland, say from the Etheridge
River, in 18’ N. lat. and 143° east longitude, to the Brisbane.

It is confined to New South Wales and Queensland, so far as we know at
present.

(QUEENSLAND.

A specimen received from: Kew, and examined by Bentham for the Flora
Australiensis, bears the following label in Mueller’s handwriting, ‘‘ Hucalyptus
crebra, Ferd, Mueller. Ironbark tree. Burdekin River. Dr: M.” This is probably
as near a type specimen as we shall get.

65

Following are additional Queensland localities mostly represented in the
National Herbarium, Sydney :—

Brisbane River (Leichhardt), tips of valves exserted; Enoggera, Brisbane,
and Taylor’s Range (F. M. Bailey); ‘A Grey Ironbark,” Maryborough (W.
H: Williams); Brian Pastures, Gayndah, ‘ Narrow-leaved Ironbark” (S. A.
Lindeman).

The foliage inclined to be glaucous, and some of it broader than usual. The
fruits with a rounded rim. Rockhampton (R. Simmons). Fruit with a distinct
rim, and valves slightly exsert. Rockhampton (Thozet).

I have seen similar specimens from Rockhampton (No. 1431, Amalia
Dietrich), of the Museum Goddefroy, of Hamburg. There are similar specimens,
Rockhampton (F. J. Byerley), who called it “‘ Black Box.”

North Rockhampton (A. Murphy), with almost linear juvenile leaves. I
cannot see any difference whatever between these specimens and those occurring
near to Sydney.

Duaringa, 70 miles west of Rockhampton (J.H.M.).

“Tronbark.”” A tree up to 100 feet, and 2 feet in diameter; some of the
fruits rather large, with a distinct angle when unripe. Valves slightly exsert.
Stannary Hills (Dr. T. L. Bancroft) ; Cape River (S. Johnson).

Northern Queensland (?), Lizard Island or Thirsty Sound, Banks and
Solander, 1770. Received from the British Museum, under the name “ E, terminalis,
F.M.” (See p. 64.)

New South WaALtxEgs.

South.—* Mokaarago,” of the aborigines of the County of Camden.
** Narrow-leaved smooth or red Ironbark, 24-48 inches in diameter, 50-90 feet high.
From Camden. “The most picturesque of the different species of Eucalyptus called
Tronbark ” (Sir William Macarthur, in Catalogues of N.S.W. Timbers for the Paris
Exhibition, 1855, and London, 1862); “ Narrow-leaf Ironbark,’ Camden (A,
Rudder) ; Brownlow Hill, Camden (F. W. A. Downes) ; near Menangle (H. Deane) ;
Thirlmere and West Bargo (J.H.M.); Smithfield (Woolls in B.Fl., iii, 222) ;
Bankstown and Cabramatta (J. L. Boorman).

West.—Blacktown (R. T. Baker); Baulkham Hills (W. Woolls) ; Windsor
(J. 8. Allan) ; Grose Vale and Lower Kurrajong (J.H.M), urceolate and distinct
rim to young fruit; Mulgoa (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.), the leaves varying
in texture; Capertee (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Goulburn River, Murrumbo
(R. T. Baker); Murrumbidgerie (A. Murphy); Dubbo (H. Deane, J. V. de Coque,
J.H.M., and others); Minore (J. L. Boorman); Midway, near Dubbo (J. L.
Boorman); Coonamble (Forest Ranger B. Taylor); Pilliga, with almost linear
- juvenile leaves (J. L. Boorman).
B

66

“ Narrow-leaf Red Ironbark” (in contradistinction to the Broad-leaved or
Silver Ironbark, Z. melanophloia). Aboriginal name, “ Boobyinba.” “ One of our
best timbers, useful for many purposes, durable and strong. Habitat, open forests.
Plentiful in places where soil is sandy. Flowers January-May.” (Forest Ranger
McGee, Narrabri).

The largest forest of crebra in New South Wales (back country) is between
Narrabri and Coonabarabran. ‘There are fully two million acres of it. The forest
commences at Gunnedah and goes to 25 miles from Coonamble.

North.—Paterson River (J. L. Boorman) ; ‘‘ Black Ironbark,’ Clarence Town
(A. Rudder); Booral (A. Rudder), who says of it, “it is a much smaller tree than
either paniculata or siderophloia, and, as far as I have seen, is of spreading and
somewhat drooping habit. Leaves very narrow; fruit and flowers very small.

Timber in colour, when fresh, either red or dark brown. Suitable for railway
sleepers and girders, &c., and for use in bridges and culverts generally, where long
lengths are not required. It does not, as a rule, approach so near the coast as the
above two species. I have seen a little of it near Clarence Town, and it is fairly
plentiful on the tributaries of the Upper Hunter.” Cooloongoolook (A. Rudder).

Branxton (J. L. Boorman); Wybong Creek (A. Rudder); Denman (W.
Heron) ; Merriwa, with broadish leaves like the Rockhampton specimens (J.H.M.
and J. L. Boorman); Gungal (J. L. Boorman); Murrurundi (J.H.M. and J. L.
Boorman) ; Page River and Gundy (J.H.M.). Tips of valves exserted; Scone
(J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman).

Bentham’s No. 3 (iu part)—‘Specimens from New England, C. Stuart,
described as having the bark white, separating in thin strips, the colour of the
specimens not at all glaucous, and the inflorescence rather less compound, but the
shape of the leaves, their venation, and the flowers and fruits precisely those of Z.
crebra.’ . . . . (B.FI iii, 222.) I have examined this specimen, which is in
bud and flower, and concur in Bentham’s view that it is 2. crebra, F.v.M.

At the same time C. Stuart’s bark notes are those of H. hemastoma, var.
micrantha (his specimens have got mixed in some way), and herbarium specimens
of the variety and of crebra are often much alike, unless a complete suite be
available.

“Red Ironbark,”’ Glen Innes (Forest Guard N. Stewart) ; western slopes of
Dividing Range, County Clive, Tenterfield (A. 8. O. Reid); hills about Warialda
(J.H.M., J. L. Boorman, Forest Guard Edward Julius); Acacia Creek, Macpherson
Range (W. Dunn).

APFINITIES.

Tuts is one of the Tronbarks with porantherous anthers (the others are
E. melanophloia and #. siderophloia), which sharply separate them from those
with truncate anthers, which include Z. paniculata and £. sideroxylon.

67
J, With F. melanophloia, F.v.M.

The narrow-leaved form of this species often displays considerable resem-
blanee to H. crebra. See B.FI. iii, 222, where a number of specimens of 77.
melanophioia ave referred to H. crebra by Bentham, and discussed by me at p. 71
of the present Part. Mueller refers to the subject in Hucalyptographia, under
Et. crebra,

2. With £. leptophleba, F.v.M. (£. drepanophylla, Benth.).

In the Lucalyptographia, under EL. crebra, Mueller expresses some doubt as
to the specific value of the former species, and to its difference from H. crebra. He
refers to the matter again in the same work under JZ. siderophloia. See p. 334,
Part X, of the present work.

Reference to my notes on LH. leptophlebaat p. 332, and the figares on Plate
48, show it to be markedly different from HF. crebra. Seeing my note (p. 333) to the
effect that the juvenile leaves of 2. leptophleba were unknown, Dr. T. L. Bancroft,
of Stannary Hills, North Queensland, where the species is abundant, obligingly
sent me juvenile leaves. They are huge, and as different from those of Z. crebra as
it is possible for them to be.

They are elliptical or nearly oblong in shape, very coriaceous, equally green
on both sides, and 45 inches in breadth by 7 inches in length are common dimen-
sions! ‘The veins are prominent, roughly parallel, and often nearly at right angles
to the midrib, The intramarginal vein is at a considerable distance from the edge.

Mr. F. M. Bailey, in the Queensland Agric. Journ., xxiii, p. 259 (1809),
has redescribed these specimens, which in my view are £. leptophleba (EL,
drepanophylia) as a new species, under the name of E. Stoneana.

3. With £. hemastoma, Sm., var. micrantha, Benth.

Fi. crebra is a small-flowered, often small-leaved species, and therefore it
becomes necessary sometimes to compare it with other small-flowered species. It
is sometimes very difficult, with the incomplete specimens often found in herbaria,
to distinguish between the two plants. In the field their appearance is, of course,
quite different, 2. hemastoma being a White Gum and Z, erebra an Ironbark.

4. With EF. microtheca, F.v.M.

In flower this species (crebra), especially in the thicker-leaved specimens, is sometimes difficult to
distinguish from 2. brachypoda (£. microtheca is meant in this instance ; see page 51, Part XI, of this
work); the leaves are generally, but not always, thinner, with more oblique veins, and the flowers not so
glaucous, with the calyx less open ; the fruit is, however, very differently shaped. (BF. iii, 222

ade

The above remarks were doubtless written partly in contemplation of those
specimens of /. crebra found in dry localities (see p. 68), and partly of those
lanceolar-leaved forms of /. melanophloia formerly considered (on herbarium
specimens only) to belong to #. crebra. See also my remarks at p. 53, Part XT, of
this work.

68

The two trees could not be confused in the bush, Z. crebra being an Tronbark
with more or less of a boxy bark as the tropics are approached, while 2. microtheca
is a Black Box, with flaky black bark on the butt, or it is a White Gum in Western
Australia, where, however, there is no HZ. crebra, so far as we know.

5. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn., (F£. largiflorens, F.v.M).

No. 4751, Robert Brown’s Collections (1802-5), distributed by order of
J. J. Bennett, is labelled H. bicolor, A. Cunn., in many collections.

Mueller refers to the similarity of the two species, and says :—

E. bicolor (largiflorens) recedes by its paler, less furrowed bark ; the leaves more conspicuously
and darker dotted; the lateral veins less copious; the circumferential vein much more removed from the
edge ; the anther-cells opening through a pore-like aperture; and the lid perhaps generally shorter and
blunter.

. crebra is an Ironbark, although the furrows get shallower as the tropics
are reached. 7. bicolor has black scaly bark ; the wood of the two species is a good
deal alike. The juvenile leaves of the two species are very narrow, and both trees
have a drooping habit. The leaves of #. bicolor are glaucous, and those of
. erebra, as has been more than once pointed out, get glaucous also in dry
localities. The foliage and branchlets of #. crebra are usually thinner and the
fruits smaller. The filaments of LZ. dicolor are shorter.

6. With £. aemenioides, Schauer.

4. Gum-tree from the Brisbane, Leichhardt, with small globular fruits, much contracted at the
orifice, but no flowers ; the leaves those of the common Moreton Bay #. crebra, (BF. iii, 222, under

E. crebra.)

The leaves are nearly black, particularly on the upper surface, an appearance
which is often occasioned through specimens having been wet and having become
heated in that state, before drying. ‘The under-surface is pale. I have been unable
to find any Queensland specimens (Brisbane River or otherwise) precisely similar to
Leichhardt’s, but am of opinion that they are a narrow-leayed form of 2.
acmenioides, probably taken from the top of the tree, where the smallest leaves are
usually found.

The affinity between 2. acmenioides and #. crebra is not close, and I quote
the present example of supposed affinity for what it is worth, as I think we should
endeavour to elucidate all specimens referred to in Bentham’s classic.

69

DESCRIPTION.
Lif. E. Staigeriana, F.v.M.

Ex Bailey in Syn. Queensland Flora, 176 (1883).

THE original description is as follows :-—

Lemon-scented Ironbark tree of medium size; foliage glaucous. Leaves obovate to almost
lanceolate, 2 to 5 inches long, 4 to nearly 2 inches broad, petiole about 1 inch ; oil-dots numerous; veins
not prominent, the intramarginal one near the edge. Peduncles lateral, about 1 inch long, each bearing
from 3 to 6 small flowers, often forming terminal panicles. Operculum conical. Calyx-tube about 1 line

diameter. Stamens 1 to 2 lines long, inflected in the bud; anthers globular. Fruit about 2 lines

diameter. Seeds disk-like. (@almer River.)

The foliage of this tree, which was first discovered by P. F. Sellheim, yields a large quantity
of oil, equal in fragrance to that of lemons, and for which it forms.an excellent substitute. The
percentage of oil from dry leaves obtained by Mr. Staiger is 2}; the specific gravity 0-901.

Notes supplementary to the Description.
The species was named in honour of Karl Theodore Staiger, Government
Analytical Chemist of Queensland for some years, and who made many experiments
in regard to the chemistry of native plants.

The present work only touches incidentally upon matters of economic
botany, but since this is not a New South Wales species, and I, therefore, cannot
deal with it in my ‘ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” I give brief particulars
concerning its essential oil. Mr. Staiger first examined it, reporting that.:—‘ The
leaves possess an odour very like the Scented Verbena (Lippia citriodora) ; and
yield an oil similar to the verbena oil (from Andropogon citratus) of commerce. He
found the dried leaves to yield 2% to 3 per cent. (other figures give 1,290 oz. to
1 ton of dry leaves) of volatile oil of specific gravity ‘901.”

Then Messrs. Schimmel & Co., of Leipzig, reported :—

Its leaves yield upon distillation 2°75—3°36 per cent. of an oil smelling pleasantly like lemon and
verbena, It has the sp. gr. 0°880—-0-901 and boils from 170—230°. The lemon-like odour is due to citral ;
which, besides terpenes, forms the principal constituents of the oil.* The same firm subsequently stated :—

Percentage of yield of oil from raw material, 3:7; specific gravity at 15° C. 880; contains Citral;
boils between 223° and 233°.7-

Finally, Messrs. Baker and Smith published a paper, entitled ‘The Lemon-
scented Ironbark (Hucalyptus Staigeriana, F.v.M.) and its essential oil.”{ They find

the oil to contain :—

Limonene ... oe or M5 ee ... 60°00
Geraniol ... Ay xa fat hoe Le Weer ge
Geranyl Acetate ... a i oe cee ioita |
Citral sd ae a Bee ar =) 6:00
Undetermined ... nee ue a Sah OO
100°00

® Bericht von Schimmel & Co., April, 1888, p. 20. + Ib,, October, 1893, p. 21.

+ Pharm, Journ., 19th May, 1906, p. 571.

40

SYNONYM.

E. crebra, F.v.M., var. citrata, F.v.M.

Fruit-bearing twigs of an Ironbark tree, with lemon-scented foliage, were obtained by Mr. Bailey on
the Palmer River ; these seem referable to 2. erebra also, although the Jeaves are shorter and blunter, and
the peripheric vein is slightly removed from the edge ; the fragrance of this supposed variety, which might
be called citrata, is so exquisite that the leaves can be used asa culinary condiment. (“Eucalyptographia,”
under Z#, crebra.) ‘The idea of flavouring food with a citronella-like oil is amusing.

RANGE,

Irs range appears to be very limited, being confined to a not very extensive
area in Northern Queensland, chiefly on the Palmer River (south-west of Cooktown).
Hence its seed is sought after as a commercially valuable oil-bearing Eucalyptus
tree for tropical countries.

ga INI TLS.

1. With £. crebra, F.v.M.

The affinity is very close. The shape of the juvenile foliage and the odour of
the leaves separate them. ‘here is no citral in &. crebra. The flowers and fruits of
FE. Staigeriana are, generally speaking, coarser than those of #. erebra. The wood,
bark, and habit of the two trees are very similar. The fruit is sometimes conoid
and with a rounded rim, like that of #. erebra.

2. With EF. melanophloia, F.v.M.
The affinity is even closer to the lanceolate-leaved form of this species than
with Z. crebra. There is no citral in the leaves of . melanophloia.

71

DESCRIPTION.

LI. E. melanophloia, F.v.M.

In Journ. Linn. Soc., iii, 93 (1859), in Latin.

DerscripeD in English by Bentham in B. FV. iii, 220, with a doubt (p. 221), but
subsequent investigations have confirmed its claim to specific rank.

It was not figured by Mueller in the “ Eucalyptographia,” but it was included
by him in his ‘‘ Second Census ”’ (1889).

Notes supplementary to the Description.

Bark.—The bark varies. Mueller, in the original description, says: ‘ persis-
tent bark thick, deeply furrowed, rough and blackish.” He then speaks of
Leichhardt (Overland Expedition, Sc.) having found a second form, about the Gulf
of Carpentaria, with dirty greyish, flaky bark.

Leaves.—The shapes of the leaves vary. The original description of them
is “1} to 3 inches long, 1-2 broad, obtuse or cuspidate-acuminate, occasionally
cordate-lanceolate or entirely cordate.”

Let us now study some specimens examined by Bentham for the Flora
Australiensis.

1. Box-tree of the Mackenzie River, Leichhardt, also on the Suttor River, Bowman, described by
both as having the bark persistent and fissured. The specimens are somewhat glaucous, the leaves rather
thin and broad, and often obtuse, The flowers quite those of E. crebra, the fruit not seen, This is
very probably an alternate-leaved state of Z. melanophloia. (B.Fl. iii, 222, under E. crebra.)

The above two specimens are on one sheet in Herb. Kew. A note on the
first is ‘‘ Bark fissured,’’ and on the second “ Bark fissured, not shedding.’’

2. Gum-topped Box from Suttor River, Bowman, described as having the bark furrowed and
persistent on the trunk, coming off in layers on the branches. Flowers of 2. crebra. Fruits of the same
shape, but rather larger, much smaller, however, than in HZ. drepanophylla. (B.Fl. iii, 222, under
E. crebra.)

These three specimens are, in my opinion, identical. They were presented
to me by the Director of Kew early in 1901 as the result of an application made by
me during my visit to Kew in 1900.

- They are the lanceolate-leaved form of FZ. melanophloia, ¥.v.M., that species
having frequently lanceolate leaves and leaves of the ordinary shape on the same
tree,

As regards the term “ Box,’ as H. melanophloia approaches the warmer parts
of Queensland its bark assumes less of the Ironbark character, and takes on that of
a Box, (See my remarks on Z. credra at p. 68.)

These specimens are interesting, as the identical ones which caused Bentham
(B.F1, iii, 221 and 222) and Mueller (Hucalyptographia) to hesitate as to the
relations between Z. crebra and ZL. melanophloia,

72

In a paper* Mr. R. T. Baker has emphasised this leaf-variation, and gives
figures. I have figured small pieces of Bentham’s specimens (these are hetero-
blastic, é.e., with the juvenile and adult leaves different, as with most Eucalypts),
at figs. 13-15 of Pl. 53, while what may be termed the normal form (homoblastic,
with the juvenile and adult leaves similar) will be found figured on PI. 54, figs. 1-4.

Mr. E. Maher, of Collaroy, gave me the name ‘‘ Ginghi”’ as the native name
for this tree on the Macquarie. I have received the name ‘“ Ghinghit”’ from the
Dubbo district, but cannot understand the difference between the two words.

JEN INN Gl

In the original description the localities given for this species are :—

(a) Neweastle Range to Moreton Bay, accompanying &#. crebra, and
indicating sterile soil.

(6) Sub-tropical New Holland (Mitchell). ‘March 5, 1846. No. 485.
Ironbark. Sub-tropical New Holland. Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell. #.
pulverulenta, aff. H.” (Hooker). Copy of a label in Herb. Cant. ex Herb. Lindl.
This is 2. melanophloia.

Mitchell, see his ‘‘ Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical
Australia,” p. 80, and map, was, on that date, at the “Springs of Carawy,” in
lat. 30° S. and, say, 148° 30° east longitude, a little to the north of Walgett, New
South Wales.

(c) Moreton Bay, Moore, No. 66 of the “Sydney” woods, Paris Exhibition
(1855). The word ‘ Sydney” may be misleading. The collection was got
together in Sydney, but the original label is ‘The Silver-leaved Ironbark of the
Northern Districts” (which in this particular instance referred to Moreton Bay,
Queensland not having been proclaimed a separate colony).

It is very extensively distributed in the drier parts of New South Wales
and Queensland. Following are some localities represented in the National
Herbarium, Sydney :—

New Sourn WALgs.

* Silver-leaved Ironbark,’ Dubbo (J. L. Boorman) ; Tomingley to Narromine,
fruits very small (J.H.M.) ; Mulungerebar, Coolabah; also Willeroon, only a few
in the district (R. W. Peacock) ; Ford’s Bridge, 41 miles west of Bourke, on red
sandy ridges (A. Murphy) ; Bourke district (O. C. Macdougall).

* Silver or Broad-leaved Ironbark,’’ Narrabri (Henry Deane, J. L. Boorman,
J.H.M.); Gundy, near Scone, the most easterly recorded locality (J.H.M.) ;
Walroodah, Barraba (R. D. Hay); ‘‘ Narrow-leaved form,” Howell, near Inverell
(E. C. Andrews).

*« On Hucalyptus melanophloia, F.v.M., and its cognate species.”’ (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvii (1902), 225.)

73

** A very common tree all over the Warialda district, both on the hills and
on the low lands” (J. L. Boorman); No. 10 (Rev. H. M. R. Rupp); No. 12, the
ordinary broad-leaved form, and No. 84, the narrow-leaved form, Warialda (E. J.
Hadley).

Common all over the Warialda and Bingera district. Many were killed
by the last drought. Yallaroi (Forest Guard Edward Julius); Ashford (W. S.
Campbell) ; Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn).

QUEENSLAND.

Morven (collected for F. M. Bailey); ‘‘Silver-leaved Ironbark,” ‘‘ Of no
utility,’ Maryborough (W. A. Williams) ; “ Silver-leaved Ironbark,” Brian Pastures,
Gayndah (8. A. Lindeman); Rockhampton, narrowish leaves (Amalia Dietrich) ;
Rockhampton, with normal leaves (R. Simmons); “ Box tree of the Mackenzie
River” (Leichhardt), the narrow-leaved form. A specimen like this shows
considerable resemblance to H. microtheca, F.v.M.; King’s Creek (E. Bowman) ;
“ Tronbark,” also “ Weeping Box,” Jericho (H. Deane), leaves medium broad.
There is no difference between them. Mr. Deane, a considerable authority on
Eucalyptus, labels them ‘“‘ Weeping Box,” “ Mackenzie River Box—White stem.”
See p. 71; Stannary Hills (Dr. T. L. Bancroft).

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

* Tronbark.” Isdell River (W. V. Fitzgerald). Narrowish leaves, and rather
small fruits. Sent as #. crebra. Iam not aware that 2. melanophloia has been
previously recorded from Western Australia.

APETV E EES.

1. With £. pruinosa, Schauer.

This was pointed out by Mueller in the ‘ Eucalyptographia.” So far as
we know, however, the leaves of H. pruinosa are homoblastic. The leaves of
Ei. pruinosa are, as a rule, larger, while the fruits are certainly so.

2. With E£. crebra, F.v.M.
Already referred to under Z. crebra, p. 67.

3. With £. microtheca, F.v.M.

Already referred to. The leaves of #. microtheca are much less heteroblastic
than those of #. melanophloia.

4, With £. cinerea, F.v.M.

Bentham says: ‘It (2. melanophloia) sometimes resembles #. cinerea, but
differs in the bark, the stamens, and the fruit. (B.¥l. iii, 221.) I will refer to this

affinity, and to H. cinerea, when treating of L. pulverulenta, Sims,
C

DESC TI@N,

IIV. E. pruinosa, Schauer.

In Walpers’ Repert. ii, 926 (1843). See also F.v.M. in Fragm. iii, 182 (1862-8).
The descriptions in both these works are in Latin, but in English in B.Fi. iii, 218
(1866), and in “ Eucalyptographia ”’ with a figure.

Schauer tells us that the original specimen was collected by Ferdinand Bauer.
(It was found along the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1802-5). Figure 5a of Plate 54 was
drawn from the type in the Vienna Herbarium, lent to me for the purpose.

Notes supplementary to the Description. § °
This is the “ Silver-leaved Box’’ of Northern Australia, and Mr. E. Palmer
records that its native name is “ Kullingal.” He also states that the Cloncurry
blacks employ the inner bark for rheumatic pains.
Mueller states that this tropical tree is small or middle-sized, and with “ box-
bark”; he also suggests its use as a fuel-supply tree for the tropics.

SYNONYM.
E. spodophylla, F.v.M. in Fragm. ii, 71.
Tr would appear that his species was never properly described, but the name
cannot be ignored, Following is the reference at Fragm. ii, 71.
“ HB. spodophylla systematice divellitur ab 2, pulverulenta jam corticis textura
et staminum brevitate.”’
Tt bas been distributed under this name in several important herbaria.

RANGE.

Mueriuer (Eucalyptographia) states that it is rather frequent in arid country
around the Gulf of Carpentaria, and in Arnheim’s Land, especially on the sandstone-
tablelands, extending southward at least to the sources of the Victoria River, the
commencement of Sturt’s Creck (Mueller), and of Ord River (A. Forrest), occurring
also in the islands of Carpentaria (IR. Brown, Bauer, Henne).

It is represented as follows in the National Herbarium, Sydney :—

Queensland and Northern Australia —Mt. Albion (S. Dixon) ; Ravenswood
(collected for F. M. Bailey); Stannary Hills (Dr. T. L. Bancroft); “The Upper
Lynd” (Leichhardt) ; Sweer’s Island (Henne).

North-western West Australia —East Kimberley “Apple Gum” (R.
Helms). In flower only. Ord River, B. Kimberley (W. V. Fitzgerald), with small

fruits and well-exserted yalyes.

APEINT TEES.

1. With FE. melanophloia, F.v.M.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia) states that it is only with ZL. melanophloia that
E. pruinosa can be confounded, and he proceeds to indicate the differences. I have
referred to the matter under Z. melanophloia,

2, With £. pulverulenta, Sims.

Among trees with roundish, sessile, greyish, opposite leayes only #. pulverulenta need be alluded to
here in reference to their distinguishing marks; but it has its umbels solitary and axillary, its anthers
elongated and opening with longer slits, and its fruits flat or convex-rimmed. (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” under
L. pruinosa.)

It seems only necessary to add that ZH. pruinosa, so far as is known at present,
is always heteroblastic as regards its leaves, Its leaves are larger than those of
E. pulverulenta, and it is a tropical, or almost tropical, species, while 2. pulverulenta
grows in elevated districts in New South Wales and Victoria with low winter
temperatures.

3. With £. gamophylla, F.v.M.

The connate leaves, smaller flowers, shorter lid, longer anther slits, and most particularly the
sharply triangular seeds, surrounded by a diaphanous membrane, distinguish Z. gamophylla readily from
LE. pruinosa.—( Eucalyptographia,” under 2. pruinosa.)

A marked rim is present in the fruit in Z. pruinosa, and the fruits are
broader and larger than I have seen them in #7. gamophylla.

4, With E. pleurocarpa, Schauer (E. tetragona, F.v.M.).

This is another glaucous species which might be brought tnder review in this
connection. The anthers of the two species are different in shape and arrangement,
the leaves of H. pleurocarpa have a very short petiole, the fruits are very much
larger, while the operculum is hemispherical or nearly so. 2. plewrocarpa is always,
so far as we know, never more than a tall slender shrub, native of south Western
Australia,

76

DESORPTION.
LV. E. Smit, Relabaker.

In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiv, (1899), 292, with a figure.
A ribbony barked tree of considerable size. It has smooth limbs, and most
of the butt is smooth.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. viminalis, Labill., var. pedicellaris, F.v.M. (in part).
2. E. Mazeliana, Naudin, with some doubt.

1. E. viminalis, Labill. var. pedicellaris, F.v.M. (in part).

See Deane and Maiden in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxvi, 141 (1901) :—

E. viminalis, Labill. var., pedicellaris, F.v.M. (ined.). Mr. R. T. Baker has deseribed a species
(these Proceedings, 1899, p. 292) under the name of #. Smithii, which, in our opinion, is simply a variety
of Z. viminalis with 6-8 flowers and longish pedicels. It is the #. viminalis var. pedicellaris, F.v.M., of
Herb. Melb. It has rough bark at butt, and notes in regard to it will be found under “Bark” (supra,
p. 140). It has narrow suckers like normal viminalis.

At Ben Bullen there is a clump of trees growing in a low-lying situation. The timber, bark,
foliage, and habit are identical, with the exception that the rough bark of var. pedicellaris is further up
the stem than is the case with the viminalis alongside ; it is, of course, multiflowered. The trees are all
2-3 feet in diameter, and as regards the rough bark, it varies from 3 feet to 10 feet up the butt in normal
viminalis, and from 12 or 15 feet up to the first fork and even beyond in var. pedicellaris. The most
careful examination fails to show any difference in the texture of the rough bark of Z. viminalis and its
variety pedicellaris.

I think it is not always possible, in the present state of our knowledge, to

separate LZ. Smithii and L. viminalis var. pedicellaris on herbarium specimens alone.
It will be convenient to go into the matter when Z. viminalis is reached.

2. E. Mazeliana, Naudin, Mém. 2, p. 41. See footnote p. 89 of this Part.
Following is a translation of Naudin’s description of his £. Mazeliana :—

Tree very biform (he is referring to the difference in shape in juvenile and adult leaves.—J.H.M.)
among the most rustic (rustique, I hardly understand the full force of this word.—J.H.M.) species of the
genus. It has been seen to withstand frosts from 12° to 13° centigrade at Montsauve, Gard, where
M. Mazel has cultivated it for several years.

When young, the leaves are opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, green and shining, with an average
length of 10 centimetres, from 5-7 millimetres broad, and more or less bent like a sickle.

At the early stage it might be confused with the young plants of Z. viminalis, which are, however,
rather variable ; it is distinguished from it, however, by its leaves, which are narrower and longer than in
the greater number of the individual plants of viminalis.

When full-grown the distinctive characteristics are easy to perceive; the alternate and petiolate
leaves are long-lanceolate, straight or slightly curved like a scythe, 10-12 centimetres long and
10-12 millimetres broad, often less. It is by the inflorescence and the fruit especially that #. Mazeliana

77

is distinguished from wiminalis, The axillary and pedunculate umbels are seven-flowered except in the
case of abortion or fall of séveral flower-buds. These latter are ovoid, shortly pedicellate but not quite
sessile, with a conical-obtuse operculum the same length as the calyx-tube. The fruit, which is scarcely
larger than a grain of pepper, is hemispherical, flattened at the top, and the capsule, which is a little
shorter than the calyx-tube, has from 3-4 cells.

This tree, interesting in its rusticity (rustiaté sic.—J.H.M.) is still too narrowly distributed. It has
been known to attain its full growth and to flower only in the garden of M. Mazel, an amateur gardener,
who has greatly helped to introduce and to propagate a large number of exotic plants in Proyence.

If #. Mazeliana is not viminalis and not H. Smithii, I cannot say what it is.
The only point in the description (so far as it goes) which is not a proper description
of #. Smithii, is the fruit, which is said to be “flattened at the top,” but an unripe
specimen may have been described. I have tried for years to obtain specimens, but
without success.

RANGE.

So far as we know at present, it is restricted to the south coastal districts of New
South Wales, the extreme western locality ascertained at present being not further
than 60 miles from the sea. It should be looked for further south in New South
Wales, and also in the Gippsland gullies, Victoria.

The original localities recorded were Sugar Loaf Mountain, Monga, and Irish
Corner Mountain, all near Braidwood. Following are the localities represented in
the National Herbarium, Sydney :—

Sugar Loaf Mountain near Braidwood. Type (W. Baeuerlen); ‘‘ Blackbutt,”
“ White-topped Mountain Ash,” Major’s Creek (W. Bound) ; “ Jerrigree,” Bungen-
dore (Allan Millard); “Jimmy Green” (I do not know whether this is a corruption
of the Bungendore name or vice versd, or whether they are independent names) ;
Hoskinstown (Samuel Daniel) ; ‘“‘ White Top,” ‘“‘ Peppermint,” Nye’s Hill, Wingello
(J. L. Boorman) ; ‘* White Ash” only in gullies,’’ Wingello (A. Murphy); Joadja
Cross Roads, near Bowral (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); Colo Vale (E. Cheel) ;
* Blackbutt,” Mt. Kembla (R. H. Cambage); Yeranderie to Mt. Werong, over
3,000 feet, the most westerly locality recorded (R. H. Cambage).

APEPNTT TES:

Lravine the Porantherz for the present, we now take cognizance of two anomalous
members of the Renantherx, H. Smithii, R. T. Baker, and #. Naudiniana, F.v.M.
As regards H. Smithii, Mr. Baker has drawn attention to the fact that its
kino gives a turbid solution in cold water, and contains eudesmin, but not aroma-
dendrin. This removes the species from my Ruby Group (of kinos), all of which
belong to the Renantherx. It is, in this respect, with affinity to 2. microcorys.

78

The author (op. cit.) says :—

In botanical sequence, it probably should be placed between Z. Baeuerlenii, F.v.M., and Z. viminalis,
Labill., as in the young state the leaves belong to what may be called the “ Viminalis Group,” and are
quite different from those of the “Stringybark Group.”

1. With £. viminalis, Labill.

Mr. Baker’s remarks on the affinities of the two species have already been
referred to, and I will reserve further remarks until I come to #. viminalis. It
appears to come closest, in most characters, to that species, but the anthers are very
different. It seems, indeed, to be an anomalous member of the Renantherze,

2. With E£. scoparia, Maiden.

Its nearest affinity appears to be Z. Smithii, R. T. Baker, from which it appears to be sharply
separated by the markedly smooth bark of the new species. J separate the two trees mainly on that ground,
the bark of #. Smithii being almost an Ironbark. The timber also of Z. Smithii appears to be darker.—
Maiden, in Proc. Linn. Soc. V.S.W., xxix, 779 (1904), The anthers also are very different,

3, With £. Sieberiana, F.v.M.

These two species are known as “ Ash,” but the bark of 2. Sieberiana is more
of an Ironbark, and its juvenile leaves, buds, fruits are very different.

4, With F. punctata, DC.

Mr. Baker says :—“ In the chemistry of the oil and kino, this tree approaches
E2. punctata, DC., and a further resemblance is shown in that manna has been
obtained from it; this differs in no respects from the manna of Z. punctata.”

The differences are in the bark of #. punctata, which is a “Grey Gum”; in
its timber, which is red, while that of 2. Smithii is pale-coloured ; in its leaves, which
are broader and differently veined to those of H. Smithii. It is, indeed, easier, at
present, to point out the dissimilarities of H. Smithii than its affinities.

79

DESCRIPTION.
LVI. E. Naudiniana, F.v.M.
In Australasian Journal of Pharmacy (Melbourne), July, 1886.

As this publication is not readily accessible to botanists, I publish such portions of
Mueller’s paper, ‘‘ Description of an hitherto unrecorded species of Eucalyptus from
New Britain’ as are necessary. Mueller, in a prefatory note, speaks of the plant as
being to “all appearance a veritable species of Eucalyptus.” He saw no fruit and
apparently no buds, hence his uncertainty.

Eucalyptus Naudiniana.—Branchlets valid, angular ; leaves scattered, on short broadish stalks,
ovate-lanceolar, acuminate, much paler beneath ; their primary veins distant, thin, very spreading and
somewhat ascending, the peripheral vein not quite close to the edge of the leaf; veinlets subtle ; oil-dots
much concealed ; panicles ample, terminal or from the upper axils ; flowers small, nine or often fewer in each
umbel ; stalklets angular, as long as the total calyx or somewhat longer ; tube of the latter hemispheric,
slightly angular ; lid hardly longer, almost semiglobular, suddenly produced into a thin beak-like apex ;
stamens all fertile and all inflected while in bud ; anthers minute roundish-ovate, bursting longitudinally ;
style short ; stigma not dilated ; ovary surpassed by the calyx-tube, somewhat convex and angular at the
summit.

Near Spacious Bay ; J. Turner. (G. Turner, who was with the Rey. Mr. Brown at the time.), The
specimens communicated by Ch. Moore, Esq., F.L.8., Director of the Botanic Garden of Sydney. New
Ireland, Rev. G. Brown. (This is an error; it should be New Britain, so the Rey. Dr. G. Brown tells me.—
J.H.M. A tree attaining a height of about 100 feet. Leaves usually 5-4 inches long, 14-1? inches broad,
slightly inequilateral, not very thick in texture, dark-green and shining above, quite dull beneath. Panicles
measuring from a few to several inches, the majority of their branches not opposite. Total length of the
calyces hardly more than} inch, Stamens very numerous. Style only about }inch long. Fruit unknown.
This species bears in some respects near affinity to Z. Cloeziana ; but the branchlets are much thicker, the
leaf-stalks dilated upwards, the leaves broader, less oblique and of firmer structure, with a soft lustre on the
surface, the branches of the panicle and also the stalklets are more angular, while the lid is conspicuously
pointed, the ovary less depressed, and the styleshorter. The fruit, irrespective of perhaps bark and wood,
may also be different.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

Neither Rich (Asa Gray, see below) nor Mueller saw the buds or opercula of
this species, and both had some doubts as to the genus of the plant.

My complete specimens, however, remove all doubt, and the description may
be supplemented as follows :—

Juvenile leaves.—-Branchlets flattened to quadrangular, more or less glandular-prickly ; leaves
nearly symmetrical, nearly oval, at the base tapering into a short petiole and at the apex into a blunt point,
texture thin, paler on the under side, venation marked, particularly on the under side, intramarginal vein
not evident, sometimes triplinerved, secondary veins arranged concavely with respect to the midrib and not
opposite each other. Ultimate veins reticulate.

Flower-buds.—Operculum conical, the calyx-tube about of equal length, which then tapers
somewhat abruptly into a pedicel in length about equal to that of the bud.

The tree has a smooth bark, and reddish timber. It is cut for commercial purpos?s in a local saw-
mill,

80

SYNONYM.
E. multiflora, Rich.

Following is the description, which is not readily available, and therefore I
reproduce it :—

E.? foliis subalternis petiolatis oblongis acuminatis basi acutis aequilateris concoloribus laxe penni-
nerviis venulosis costa venisque primariissubtus prominentibus ; cymis paniculatis multifloris ; pedunculis
compresso-angulatis ; capsylis subglobosis. Hab. near Caldera, Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands.

The specimens consist of a leafy shoot, and a leafless branch with the inflorescence of the previous
season, bearing the persistent capsules. The latter show what appears to be the iine of circumscissile
dehiscence ; otherwise there are no evident grounds for referring the plant to Hucalyptus. The leaves are
not phyllodineous, and apparently not vertical ; they are unequally alternate, oblong, acuminate, or at least
acute at both ends, 4 or 5 inches long and 14 or 2 inches wide, on petioles of half an inch in length,
equilateral, chartaceous, thickly pellucid-punctate, dull and of the same hue both sides, loosely feather-
veined, the primary veins and the midrib prominent nnderneath, but impressed above ; the veinlets
minutely reticulated. Branchlets, especially the fructiferous ones, somewhat angled. The flowers appear
to have been in naked, terminal and axillary, paniculate cymes; the peduncles, &c., compressed-angled,
many flowered ; the pedicels umbellately fascicled in threes and fives, as long as the capsules. The latter
are globular ; 2 lines in diameter, the summit, above the line from which the limb of the calyx has fallen,
convex ; there four-valved ; within four-celled ; each cell containing a large placenta, which has evidently
borne numerous seeds. These, however, have all been shed. I thus record the plant, under the name
given by Mr. Rich in the collection, since Blume has published one or two Eucalypti. from the Moluccas
and other Malayan Islands, to which this plant may be related—(A. Gray in Bot. U.S. Exped., 554.)

. The type is referred to in the following paper by me :—

*°On THE IDENTIFICATION OF A SPECIES OF EUCALYPTUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES.”

In the Botany of the United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842, under the
command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. Navy," there is given? an account of a plant found near Caldera,
Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands. Leaves and fruits were available, and Asa Gray says :—‘I thus
record the plant under the name Hucalyptus multiflora, Rich, given by Mr. Rich’ in the collection.”

Bentham refers* to this specimen in the following words :—

A fifth species of Eucalyptus from a still more distant region, Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands, is described
by A. Gray in the Botany of the American Exploring Expedition,* under the name of Z. multiflora, Rich, from a specimen
in leaf, and with a panicle of old fruits from which the calyx limb and operculum, if any, are fallen away and the open
capsules have lost all their seeds. The four-celled (not three-celled) capsule is the only character leading us to suppose
that it may be a Eucalyptus rather than a Tristania or a Metrosideros. No mention of it occurs in Blanco’s Flora.

It will thus be seen that the very identity of the genus of this plant was doubted by an eminent
authority.

A short time ago, through the kindness of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C., I was able to examine Gray’s specimen. It is No. 25483 of the U.S. National
Herbarium, and as it turns out to be identical with ZLucalyptus Naudiniana, F. v. Miller, 2. multiflora,
Rich, must fall, because the name is preoccupied (Z. multiflora, Poiret, probably a synonym of Z. pilularis,
Smith).

There are so few Eucalypti found outside Australia that the question of the identity of one found
beyond the limits of that continent is of interest, and the occurrence of the genus in the Philippines is
now set at rest, and doubtless its range in that group will be ascertained by American botanists.

£. Naudiniana, F. v. Miiller, is so little known that the following notes in regard to it may be
acceptable. It was described by Miiller in the ‘“ Australasian Journal of Pharmacy,” under the title
of “ Description of a Hitherto Unrecorded Species of Eucalyptus from New Britain.” New Britain is, of
course, now a German possession under the name of Bismarck Archipelago.

» « Phanerogamia,” by Asa Gray, I, 1854.

> Page 554.

¢ William Rich, botanist of the U.S. ship ‘‘ Relief.” In Captain Wilkes’ narrative Mr. Rich’s name is given as one
who made an excursion from Manila, and he speaks of ‘‘ our botanical gentlemen botanizing in the forests of Mindanao.”

«Journ. Linn. Soc.” (Botany), X, p. 143.

© Page 554.

‘See **DC. Prod., III, p. 217, under LZ. persicifolia, Lodd.

& July, 1886.

81

A correspondent in that group writes to me :—

Eucalyptus Naudiniana is common in Neu Pommern, though not in the Ralum district, where I live. It grow
especially on the rivers, from the coast to the mountains, and is so common in the forests that two sawmills have been
started especially for this timber. The timber is not so hard as the Australian Eucalyptus, but still a good, useful timber.

I know of no locality for the species other than that indicated in this paper. (Proceedings
U.S. National Musewm, Vol. xxvi, No, 1327.)
Then we have a note :-—
Eucalyptus multiflora, Rich, sp. noy., p. 554 (Wilkes’ Exped.).
Hab. near Caldera, Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands. One of the few species of Eucalyptus

found out of Australia, and not as yet rediscoyered.* It has been reduced by Maiden to Hucalyptus
Naudiniana, F. Mull. (Pl. 2). (Phil. Journ. of Science, iii, 83, June, 1908.)

A photograph of Rich’s type specimen is given.

IAN Gye

Tue Philippine Islands and New Britain (Neu Pommern). The locality New
Treland in the original description is wrong, as I have pointed out. It would be
desirable to look out for it also in the Caroline Islands, northern New Guinea, and
the Solomons.

Under #. alba (Hucalyptographia) Mueller records “an Eucalyptus-like
tree has recently been recorded from New Iveland (Britain) by the Rev. Mr. Brown
as forming forésts in that island.” This Eucalypt is #. Naudiniana, so Mr. (now
Dr.) Brown tells me.

APEINTITES:

Ir is not easy to state the affinity of this species. Its anthers are somewhat
anomalous. In most cases, in this species, the anther-cells are not confluent. At
the same time, as regards shape, it is undoubtedly Renantherous. As regards
foliage, it is markedly eugenioid.

It is one of the very few extra-Australian species, but it is not closely related
to any of them. Indeed, its close affinities to any species are not apparent.

Looking at its large, homogeneous timber and its umbrageous foliage, it is
obviously the product of good soil and favourable cultural conditions,—plenty of
moisture and adequate shelter.

1. With £. Cloeziana, F.v.M.
Both species have dense panicles of flowers which have a general resemblance.
But otherwise their relations are not close, either in anthers or fruits, nor, as far as
I can see, in other respects.
2. With EF. microcorys, F.v.M.
The leaves in both species are thin; those of ZL. microcorys are much
narrower. The anthers are much the same, but the fruits are very different.
3. With EF. saligna, Sm.
The two species resemble each other in bark and timber. In foliage and
other respects there is less similarity.

* Mr. C. B. Robinson, of the Bureau of Science, Manila, has just sent me leafy twigs collected by Dr, Copeland at
Mindanao, which beyond reasonable doubt appears to belong to this species. ~

D

oo
bo

DESCRIPTION.
LVU. E. sideroxylon, A. Cunn.

FoLiow1ne is the earliest record I can find of this species :—

At the base of the range of hills at Mount Maude some tolerable fair specimens of the Western
Ironbark, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, were noticed, being easily distinguished from its congeners by its
extreme rugged, furrowed bark, containing, like others of the Eucalypti, a strong astringent gum.
(A. Cunningham’s MS. Journal, under date 19th May, 1817.)

Oxley’s expedition was then in latitude 33° 25’ and longitude 147° 10’, z.e.,
about midway between Condobolin and Wyalong West. Some of these specimens
were distributed with Cunningham’s name,

The next reference I can find is :—

6th October, 1846 (near Mount Pluto), . . . . and among the larger forest trees was a
Kucalyptus, allied to, but probably distinct from, the HZ. sideroxyton, A. Cunn., p. 339 (Mitchell’s Trop.
Journ. Austral., 339).

In the list of plants collected by Mitchell’s Expedition, at p. 437 of his work,
this plant, referred to at p. 339, is given as 7. sideroxylon without any qualification.

I have seen the specimens in question, and they are what we know as JZ. sideroxylon,
A. Cunn.

Then Mueller described a White Gum under the name “#. lewcoxylon in
Trans. Vict. Nat., i, 33 (1855). See below, p. 88.

Thereafter, for many years, this ‘* White Gum” was confused with the New
South Wales “Ironbark.” For example, Bentham in the Flora Australiensis
(iii, 210), who is followed by Bailey in the Queensland Flora. Then Mueller, in
Hucalyptographia, continues to confuse the two trees. But in the field they could
not be considered identical for an instant. Bentham’s description of E. leucoxrylon
applies very well to that of 2. sideroxylon, but requires to be supplemented in the
following points :—

Ei, sideroxylon. E. leucorylon.
Juvenile leaves... Seedlings linear-lanceolate or linear, Cordate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile,
thenceforward lanceolate. glaucous.
Bark ach «| Black, furrowed, and rugged (Ironbark)| Whitish or bluish, smooth (White or
Blue Gum).
Dimer ven. e..| Deep red, Pale brown or white (hence the name
lewcoaylon).

—_ a

The species (siderovylon) may be described in the following words :—
A small, medium-sized or even tall tree, often gnarled. (A “ Red Ironbark ” or “ Mugga.”)

Bark.—Blackish, deeply furrowed and rugged, usually pulverulent in texture, interspersed with
blackish kino grains, the general appearance reminding one of a burnt greasy cake, hence the name
“‘Fat-ceke Ironbark,” Sapwood externally of a yellowish colour.

Juvenile leayes.—Narrow-linear to nariow-oblong, stalked, glaucous,

83

Mature leaves.—Pale-coloured, often glaucous, of the same colour on both sides, thickish,
lanceolate, often faleate, with a petiole of half an inch and more. Venation as a rule not prominent, but
sometimes prominent, penniveined, the intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge.

Flowers.—The buds sometimes angular, the operculum pointed, the calyx-tube often sharply
separated from the pedicel, which may be ‘5 cm. in length and longer. Flowers up to 7 and even more
in the head, with a common peduncle longer than the pedicel. Filaments bi-coloured, often cream-coloured,
but more commonly pink to crimson. Masses of dead filaments often adhere to the nearly ripened capsule,

Fruits.—Turbinate to subeylindrical in shape, commonly 1 cm, in length ana half that in
diameter, with long pedicels. Often tuberculate and with a marked ring round the orifice, which is
usually caducous as ripeness supervenes,

Anthers with terminal pores.—For reasons of space in arranging the plates,
and because of the incompleteness of material of some species, and also because of
the development of views as to affinities, it is not convenient, or even possible, at
present, to arrange species in this work in strict sequence according to the anthereal
or, indeed, any other classification. It may be pointed out, however, that the present
species affords the first illustration, amongst species already dealt with, of the anther
with terminal pores.

Such an anther has been described by Bentham as “truncate,” (eg., at
B Fi. iii, 189).

Eucalyptus anthers, much more varied than usually supposed, and so impor-
tant in classification, may require a whole Part of this work for their elucidation,
so I cannot exhaust the subject at this place. I will content myself with the
observation that obliquity of attachment of anthers seems to be a character of the
terminal-pored series.

Vernacular Names.—Its aboriginal name is in very common use, and it is
also known as “ Red Ironbark” because of its timber, but the timbers of other
Tronbarks (e.9., siderophloia and crebra) are also red. For obvious reasons it is also
ealled “ Red-flowering Ironbark.” Sometimes it is called ‘ Black Ironbark,”
because of the darkness of its bark. A very common name is “ Fat Cake,” or
* Fat-cake Ironbark.’

The name ‘‘ Mountain Ash,” as applied to Z. sideroxylon, has doubtless
crept into the Flora Australieusis and other works on Oldfield’s authority. Follow-
ing is one of his labels, in his own handwriting. Oldfield confused, as regards bark
at least, #. sideroxylon with the Mountain Ash (2. Sieberiana), which in the south-

east of New South Wales has bark a good deal like an Ironbark.
Tronbark, or Black Mountain Ash of colonists; tree 180 feet ; bark persistent, brittle with dots of

gum ; dark iron-grey, rough, with prominent ridges; wood very hard. Mountain Hut Range, near Eden,
Twofold Bay. (Herb. Barbey-Boissier.)

Oldfield added later, “ Lucalyplus sideroxylon, A.C.,” with which determina-
tion I agree.

Aboriginal Names.—By those of Gippsland it is known as “ Yerrick.” It
was called ‘“ Easip” by the aborigines of the Yarra (Victoria). ‘“ Yirik”
(apparently the same as “ Yerrick”’) and “ Bwurawi” are Gippsland aboriginal
names for the Victorian Ironbark, as given by Howitt (‘* Eucalypts of Gippsland”’).

84:

George Caley (Sir Joseph Banks’ botanical collector in the Sydney district,
1800-1810) gave ‘‘ Bargargro”’ as the aboriginal name for this Ironbark. He also
noted the variations of white flowers, small red flowers, and large red flowers, in
this species.*

Varieties.
Bentham (B.¥F/. iii, 210) enumerates, under #. lewcorylon, two varieties,

which, as far as the New South Wales specimens are concerned, are, in part at least,
referable to HL. sideroxylon, A. Cunn. ‘They are :—

i. ‘var. pallens.—Leaves not so coriaceous and whitish.”

I will deal with the forms attributed to ZH. sideroxylon when I arrive at
E. Caleyi, Maiden. Lf. sideroxylon is, in some districts, and at certain seasons, more
or less glaucous, and some specimens are referable to H. Caleyi. Iam of opinion
that var. pallens cannot stand.

li. “var. minor.—F lowers rather smaller and often more numerous at the
ends of the branches. Parramatta, Woolls.”’

Ihave seen the specimens and do not think that this variety can be
maintained, if only because it refers toa mixture of two distinct species. 2. sideroxylon
varies somewhat in the size of the flowers, though not to the extent that 7.
leucoxylon does. The South Australian specimens referred to I will deal with under
E, leucoxylon.

RANGE.

Ir is confined to Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, so far as is
known at present. Speaking of New South Wales, Mr. R. H. Cambage states that
it rarely occurs at an altitude exceeding 2,000 feet, and shows a decided preference
for sedimentary formations. The type locality is, as has already been stated, about
midway between Condobolin and Wyalong West.

VICTORIA.
The confusion between L. sideroxylon and. HL. leucoxylon originated in
Victoria, where both species occur, and the following unpublished official report
of Mr. A. W. Howitt, dated 1895, is useful :—

The Ironbark is of two varieties (Zeucoxylon and sideroxylon.—J.H.M.) botanically speaking, but in
practice there is no difficulty in distinguishing between them.

The variety which is universally known as “ Ironbark” grows especially in the neighbourhood of
Bendigo, Maryborough, Costerfield, Chiltern, and other places to the north of the Great Dividing Range.
At the places named there are State Forests and Timber Reserves, but with the exception of the forest
between Costerfield and Rushworth, the Ironbark is practically cut out.

* Maiden, in Agric. Gazette N.S. W., 1903, p. 990.

85

In Gippsland it is found in many parts, for instance : Toongabbie, Bairnsdale, Bruthen, the Lakes
Entrance, but nowhere to such an amount as to form the greater part of the forest.

It is therefore nearly cut out. Young forests are, however, growing up in the localities referred
to north of the Dividing Range.

The following applies to Gippsland :—

This tree does not form forests in Gippsland, as in other parts of Victoria, but occurs scattered
over.a wide extent of country, from sea-level up to 2,000 feet. It grows upon various formations, as, for
instance, Toongabbie, on recent alluviums, Tertiary clays, and Upper Silurian; at Bairnsdale, upon
miocene and later tertiary beds; at Glen Maggie, upon Upper Silurian sandstone ; at Upper Freestone
Creek, upon Upper Devonian conglomerates ; at Noyang, upon Paleozoic Plutonic rocks; and near
Buchan, on Tertiary sands and clays.

I have not observed it further to the westward of Toongabbie, and it varies but little, if at all, in
character throughout Gippsland. (Howitt, ‘“ Eucalypts of Gippsland.”)

Following are some Victorian localities :—

Maryborough, ‘“ Rough-barked Ironbark ”’ (J. Blackburne, A. W. Howitt) ;
Heathcote (W. S. Brownscombe); Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt); Jackson’s Creek
(C. Walter); Goulburn Valley (Sylvester Browne); Red Knob, cid Metung and
Swan Reach, Gippsland, a typical rugged Ironbark (J.H.M.).

Nore.—In Victoria it is often called the “ Rugged-barked variety” (of
leucoxylon).

New SoutH WaALEs.

Twofold Bay, ‘Ironbark or Black Mountain Ash” (B./. iii, 210). (See
Oldfield’s label, showing how the erroneous name “ Mountain Ash” arose);
Pambula and Eden (A. W. Howitt, J.H.M.); Wagonga (J. S. Allan).

“The nearest commercial Ironbark procurable is at a distance of 30 miles
east of Braidwood, near Nelligen, and separated by the Coast Range, viz., the
Sugar Loaf Mountain. Ironbark is also obtainable at Mericombene, Parish of Milo,
40 miles 8.E. of Braidwood, and separated by the Araluen Mountain” (J. V. de
Coque); Mudmelong, Araluen (J.H.M.).

Liverpool (A. Rudder); Fairfield (H. Deane); Canley Vale (E. Betche) ;
Bankstown and Cabramatta, ‘ Bastard Ironbark” (to distinguish it from LZ.
paniculata, &c.) (J. L. Boorman) ; “ Pink or Crimson-flowering Ironbark,’ 18-30
inches diameter, 40-60 feet high, from the vicinity of Parramatta; a beautiful
flowering tree, but scarcely to be considered valuable for timber (Sir William
Macarthur); Miss A. F. Walker, of Rhodes, Ryde, tells me that Z. sideroxylon
was once common at Five Dock, Parramatta River; George’s River (B. FV. iii, 210).

Rankin’s Springs, 60 miles north of Whitton (W. 8. Campbell) ; range of
mountains dividing the Counties of Bourke and Bland, commencing at the northern
boundary of Forest Reserve No. 2,785, County of Bourke (J. Duff).

86

Adelong (J.H.M.) ; Gundagai (Forester J. 8. Taylor) ; Big Springs, Wagga
district. Diameter 2-3 feet, height 50-60 feet, (J. 8. Taylor); ‘“ Red Ironbark,”
Grenfell (District Forester Arthur Osborne, Forester Postlethwaite, R. H. Cambage) ;
Cootamundra to Grenfell (District Forester A. Osborne) ; “only specimen of Red-
flowering Ironbark in my district,’ 45 miles west of Cootamundra (A.
Osborne); Wyalong (A. Osborne); Common on ridges in Murrumbidgee and
Lachlan districts (J. Duff); ‘“ Moogar,” Lachlan River near Condobolin (R.
Kidston) ; Condobolin (J.H.M.); Palesthan, Condobolin (Miss Clements) ; “ Red-
flowering Ironbark,” Mimosa and Parkes (District Forester A. Wilshire) ; Trundle
(P. J. Holdsworth).

Molong-Parkes (I. Deane); Molong (Dr. Andrew Ross); Cudal (A.
Wilshire) ; Bowan Creek and Sand Creek, Bowan Park (W. F. Blakeley).

Euchareena (J. L. Boorman); Dubbo (H. Deane, J. V. de Coque, J. L.
Boorman); Tomingley to Peak Hill (J.H.M.); Minore (J. L. Boorman); Sandy
Creek and Bogan (W. Woolls). Auriferous ridges, County Flinders, near Nymagee.
“Mugga” (Forest Guard BE. F. Rogers) ; Cobar (W. Woolls); Nymagee. Very
red flowers (Dr. J. W. Cox).

Near Cobborah (W. Forsyth) ; “ Ironbark,” splits readily, Grattai, Merrin-
dee, and tops of mountains generally, say, 2,000 feet above sea-level, between Mudgee
and Wellington (A. Murphy).

Gulgong (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Mudgee (W. Woolls); Rylstone
(very glaucous) and Lue (J. L. Boorman); Hawkesbury Agricultural College,
Richmond (C. T. Musson and M. Carne); Richmond (H. Deane); Parramatta to
Hawkesbury River, scarce (J.H.M.).

“Tat-cake Ironbark,” Stroud district (A. Rudder); Narrabri (J.H.M., J. B,
Boorman); Bundarra (Forest Guard Gordon Burrow); Murrurundi (J.H.M. and
J. L. Boorman) ; on porphyritic felsite, 11-12 mile posts, Inverell to Tingha (R. H.
Cambage) ; Inverell (Samuel Gray, Gordon Burrow) ; ‘‘ Black Ironbark,’ Howell
(J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); “ Fatcake,” Warialda (Rev. H. M. R. Rupp, E. J.
Hadley, J.H.M., and J. L. Boorman) ; “ Fatcake,” S.E. of Warialda (E. A. Powell,
collected for H. Deane). Fruits smaller than the normal species. All the bark is
of a very gummy nature. Yagobri, near Warialda (Surveyor E. A. Powell).

This timber is obtainable at Deep Creek, near Bolivia, but not, I believe, very
abundantly. (H. Deane). Western slopes of Dividing Range, County of Clive,
Tenterfield (A. 8. O. Reid).

QUEENSLAND.
Darling Downs (F. M. Bailey); Jimbour Station (Sir Joshua P. Bell) ;
“« Silver-leaved Ironbark” (not to be confused with . melanophloia). Between
Stanthorpe and Warwick (A. Murphy); South Queensland (H. Lau); Mackenzie
River and cultivated in Botanic Garden, Rockhampton (R. Simmons).

87

APPIN IES:

1. With EF. lewcoxylon, F.v.M.

‘This is the species with which 2. sideroxylon may readily be confused, but I

think the remarks offered at p. 82 and Plates 55 and 56 will render confusion not so
easy. J. sideroxylon is often glaucous, though not so commonly as LH. leucoxylon.

2. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.
Large flowering and fruiting specimens of 2. melliodora may, from herbarium
specimens only, be sometimes confused with small flowering specimens of JZ,
sideroxylon. Both also are drooping trees, but the bark and timber are totally different.

It is an Ironbark, and therefore may be confused with other Ironbarks, but
the following table will readily separate them.

{
White or She Ironbark Narrow-leaved Ironbark

Broad-leaved Ironbark

Red Tronbark

; (paniculata). (crebra), (siderophloia). (sideroaylon),

Colour (darkens| Very pale ; pink) Medium red, Medium, A little) Very dark,

with age). when fresh, darker than pre-
ceding.

Bark)... ...| Often pale-coloured,, Very deeply fur-| Often of a flaky) Dark; deepest fur-
even grey. Furrows) rowed, inferior in| — character. rowed,
oftenanastomosing.| depth only (if at

all) to sideroxylon.

Leaves ... .| Narrow and medium) Very narrow. Very broad. Medium; foliage often

sparse. -

Flowers... White, White, White, Crimson; sometimes

creamy,

Fruits... ..| Small, Very small, Rather large. Large.

88

DESCRIPTION.
LVIU. £. leueoxyion, F.v.M.

MUELLER described this species in the following words :—Arboreous :

Leayes.—Alternate, somewhat shining, narrow lanceolate, subfalcate, tapering into a long
uncinate acumen, veined and furnished with pellucid dots; umbels axillary, generally three-flowered, with
a thin peduncle.

Lid.—Conico-hemispherical, acuminate.
Tube of the Calyx.—Semiovate, somewhat longer than the lid.
Fruits.—Semiovate, hardly contracted at the orifice ; the valves of the capsule inclosed.
Seeds.—Blackish clathrate.
In grassy plains, from the Avoca to St. Vincent’s and Spencer’s Gulf.
This is the “ White Gum Tree” of the South Australian Colonists. (Zrans. Victorian Inst., i, 33
[1855].)
In the following year (1856) Miquel redescribed it, on Mueller’s behalf, as

follows :—

9. Eucalyptus ¢ucoxyluon Ferd. Miiller ; ramulis teretiusculis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis sursum
angustatis, apiculo incurvo terminatis coriaceis nitidulis penniveniis subreticulatisque, pedunculis axillaribus
tri-raro quinque-floris petiolo brevioribus pedicellos aequantibus, floribus 2 lateralibus patentibus, calyce
operculoque rugulosis, hoe depresso-hemisphaerico subulato-attenuato aequilongo. (F. Miiller, Herb. et
adnot.)

Fere ubique in planitiebus locisque montosis, White Gum tree incolarum.

Arbor excelsa, rarius arbuscula 10-12 pedalis (in montium cacuminibus). Rami juniores rubelli,
saepe pruinosi ; folia obtuse viridia, juniora glauca. ‘Truncus albus sublaevis, passim striis fuscis.”
(Dr. Behr.) Filamenta luteo-albida, antherae fuscae. Variat floribus duplo majoribus. (Mig. in
Ned. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 127 [1856].)

It was then described (in Latin, of course) in Fragm. ii, 60 (1860), with
E. cosmophylla, F.M., as a synonym (which seems strange to us now), and the
** White Gum” and “ Tronbark ”’ combined as heretofore.

Then Bentham (B.F/. iii, 209) redeseribed #. leucorylon, and his description
can stand if Mueller’s reference to the bark, the synonym #. sideroxylon, and the
varieties pallens and minor be omitted.

We now come to Mueller’s figure and description of 2. /eucoxylon in the
“ Eucalyptographia,” and here, again, we must delete (as synonyms) the references
to H. siderorylon and “ Tronbark.” The figures of the mature fruits of 2. leucoxrylon
are not characteristic.

The late Rev. Dr. Woolls, in his “ Note on Hucalyptus leucoxylon, F.v.M.
(Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., i [2nd ser. |, 859 [1886]), first made clear the confusion of
the two species. Before that date he had explained his views to me, verbally and
in writing, and probably in writing to Naudin and others, for Naudin in 1883 refers
to his views. In my ‘ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” Part xiii, plate 49 (1903),
I give figures which help to clear up the confusion.

59

The confusion of a White Gum and Ironbark puzzled Naudin* a good deal.

It is quite clear (ls Mem., 400) that he includes Z. sideroxylon under
E. leucoxylon. The juvenile leaves depicted by Mueller in the ‘‘ Eucalyptographia ”’
for leucoxylon are a great stumbling block, and he suggests some error in labelling
in regard to the different seeds he has received from various sources under the name
Fi, leucoxylon. At page 401 he distinctly states that it is the Ironbark which they
possess in France.

Following Mueller, instead of Woolls, he looks upon the Ironbark as the
type of the species (lewcoxylon), and points out the similarity of the growing
French trees to those of 2. longifolia. The flowers in the umbel are from 8 to 9.

This conclusion as to the determination (erroneous) of H. leucoxylon is
important, not only because Naudin’s observations on the Eucalypts are the most
important of those of any French botanist, but because the French are the most
assiduous cultivators of the genus in Europe.

Then we turn to 2nd Mem., and we find that Naudin, at p. 36 (still following
Mueller), adheres to the opinion that 2. /eucoxylon is the “Ironbark des Colons
australiens,” and states his opinion that the juvenile foliage depicted by Mueller in
his “ Eucalyptographia” plate under Z. leucoxylon is referable to another species.
Proceeding to discuss the conflicting statements of Mueller and Woolls in regard to
E. sideroxylon and LE. leucoxylon, he concludes that he is unable to decide on the
matter. He adds that he persists in considering his #. gracilipes as distinct from
Ei. leucozylon (#. sideroxylon—J.H.M.), to which it may be a good deal analogous,
and he regarded it possible that it might be the ‘“‘ White Gum” of the Australian
colonists.

There is no doubt, however, in my mind, that ZH. gracilipes, Naudin, is
B. leucoxylon, F.v.M. (with the 2. sideroxylon confusion eliminated). Mueller was
wrong in mixing up LH. sideroxylon with L. leucoxylon ; on the other hand, he was
quite right in his figure of the broad juvenile leaves of FH. leucoxylon on the
* Eucalyptographia” plate. Naudin rejected the juvenile leaves as incorrect for
EE. leucoxylon, but accepted the Ironbark as correct for that species, and thus was
led to found another species.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

Blue Gums (lewcowylon) are often covered with rough bark here right up into the tree. The bark
is white inside, not yellow, and in some parts of the country the young bark is of a dirty yellow after the
old falls off, and in others pinker or whiter, It varies very much, according to locality. In the warmer
parts it is generally hollow in the centre and more solid than in the cooler parts, (W. Gill, Conservator
of Forests of South Australia, i /it., 5th October, 1904.)

* “Mémoire sur les Eucalyptus introduits dans la région Méditerranéene.” Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 6e
Série. Bot. T., xvi, pp. 337-430 (1883). (Quoted as Ist Mem.) ; and

“Déscription et emploi des Eucalyptus introduits en Europe, principalement en France et en Algérie,” Second
Mémoire. Antibes, 1891, pp. 1-72. (Quoted as 2nd Mem.) .

E

90

It is commonly seen flowering and fruiting as a small straggling shrub. The
late Mr. Luehmann wrote to me :—

** Near Baechus Marsh, Victoria, where Baron von Mueller found it, I saw
EE. leucoxylon freely flowering and fruiting at a height of 4 to 6 feet on very poor
shingly ground.”

The late Dr. A. W. Howitt called 7. leucoxylon “ White Ironbark ” (because
of its pale timber) or “‘ Blue Gum,” and gave its aboriginal name as ** Yandert.”

Note the glands on the filaments (see figs. le, 1f, pl. 56). Mueller first
drew attention to this (see his figure in “ Eucalyptographia’’). I have only seen
this glandular appearance on LF. leucoxylon and HL. Caleyi, and it should be looked
for on other species, Diels figures it on his #. Forrestiana.

SYNONYM.

E. gracilipes, Naudin.

IT mAve already explained how this species arose, and haye referred to it briefly
in Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.IV., xxviii, 896 (1908).

I give a translation of Naudin’s original description of his species, as I find
that it is not readily accessible to Australians :—

Tree very close to 2. Jewcoxylon, from which it differs especially in its juvenile state, which attaches
it to the biform section. In this early stage, the leaves, which are very much broader and shorter than
when full grown, are opposite, sessile, oval-oblong, from 6--8 em. long, and from 3-4 broad. When full
grown they are, as in the generality of species, petiolate, alternate, narrow-lanceolate, pointed, from
10-12 em, long, and 1-1} cm. broad. The inflorescence closely recalls that of 2. leucoxylon. It consists
of axillary umbels, generally three-flowered, but often with five and more rarely seven flowers ; pendulous,
because of the length of the common peduncle and of the pedicels of the flowers. The flower-buds are
ovoid, with their opercula almost the length of the calyx-tube, a little enlarged at the base, and terminated
by a sharp or curved point. The fruit, which is of the size of a pea, is ovoid-truncate, and its capsule,
3-4 celled, is deeply enclosed.

T do not know from what part of Australia this tree is originally a native, having found it without
locality in the garden of M. Huber, at Hyéres.

My trees are about five years old, 3 metres high, with slender trunk, which becomes smooth and
almost white after the shedding of its first bark. The general tint of the foliage is much lighter than that
of E. leucowylon. (2nd Mem,, p. 37.)

Varieties.
This is a variable species, and many varicties have been named in connection

with it. In my view, nearly all of them fall to the ground. So far as I know, the
named forms are as follows :—

1. Var. pluriflora, F.v.M. (Miq. in Ned. Kruid. Arch., iv, 127 [1856]).
This is L£. otorata, Behr, var. calcicultriz, Miquel, See p. 29, Vol, II, of the
present work.

91

2. Brugulosa, F.M. (£. rugulosa, F. Miul., in schedulis herbariorum).

Florum majorum tubo amplo-obconico ruguloso, foliis longioribus; a vere ad autumnum fiorens ;
in vallibus et planitiebus, in Devily-County, Adelaide (F.M.), Lofty Range. (Devil’s Country, Mount
Lofty. The spellings of names of Australian localities are frequently much distorted in Miquel’s work.—
J.H.M.) (Mig. loc. cit.)

I have examined specimens in the Berlin and Vienna herbaria. They
seem to me quite normal, with the inflorescence shrunken somewhat in drying.

The type is described “‘ calyee operculoque rugulosis.”’

3. y rostellata, F.M.
Operculo in cornu breve protracto. (Z. rostellata, Behr, Herb.) Arbor mediocris in planitie
arenosa ad oppidulum 'lammida (? Tanunda), Ramuli rubelli (Behr). (Mig. doc. cit.)
I have not seen an authentic specimen of this so-called variety. Perhaps
the opercula resemble those depicted at fig. 3b, pl. 56. I doubt very much whether
a variety based on the very variable character of length of operculum can stand.

4, € pruinosa, F.M.
Alabastris ramisque pruinosis, operculo rostellato. Arbor ingens, coma vetustiore nigricante
(Z. tristis, Herb. Miill.). Salt Creek (Behr). (Mig. Joc. cit.)
I have seen one of the original specimens in the Vienna herbarium. It is a
little glaucous, hence the variety-name, but the species is oftener glaucous than not.

5. » erythrostema, F.M.
Filamentis sanguineis.—Rarius ad sinum Encounty-Bay (Encounter) et montis Beagle (Bugle.—
J.H.M.) range (Stuart et F. Miiller) 2. incrassata var. Mull. Herb. (Miq. loc. cit.)
There is a specimen labelled Lucalyptus incrassata, Labill., in Miquel’s hand-
writing in the “Plantae Miillerianae” examined by him for the above paper, in
Herb. Barbey-Boissier. It is #. leucorylon, F.v.M.

This form is figured by J. Ednie Brown in his ‘ Forest Flora of South
Australia,” under the name of #. leucorylon, var. macrocarpa. ‘The large-fruited
Red-flowering Gum.”

Mueller’s name cannot stand, from the fact that the flowers are indiscrimi-
nately crimson and cream-coloured.

6. Var. angulata, Benth. (B.FL iii, 210.)

Flowers large, the calyx distinctly angled. Devil’s Country (Lofty Range),
South Australia (F.v.M.).

The flowers of H. leucorylon are often distinctly angled. This form may be
identical with var. ragulosa, above. I do not think var. angulata is the form with
the largest flowers (macrocarpa).

7. Var. pallens, Benth. (B.FI. iii, 210.)

J have not seen the type, but the trees usually attributed to this variety are
elthet F. sidevoxylon, A. Cunn., or 2. Caleyi, Maiden. See LZ. Caleyi, p. 96, and
also p. 84. In any case they are not LB. lewcorylon.

92

8. Var. minor, Benth. (B.FI. iii, 210.)

Flowers rather smaller, and often more numerous at the ends of the branches. . ; also
several of the South Australian specimens, ‘‘ White Gum.”

See above, p. 84.

The description refers to a mixture of two distinct species, and therefore
cannot stand.

This is doubtless, as regards the South Australian specimens, the var.
pauperita, J. K. Brown. See below.

9. Var. macrocarpa, J. E. Brown.

See below.

10. Var. pauperita, J. E. Brown.

See below.

The late J. Ednie Brown, in his “ Forest Flora of South Australia,’ devotes
no less than four of his large plates to H. leucorylon. They are :—

(a) “The Blue Gum.” This may be taken as the normal form.

(6) and (c). Var. macrocarpa, J. BE. Brown. “The large-fruited Red-
flowering Gum” and “The large-fruited White-flowering Gum,” respectively.
They differ only in the colour of the filaments. On Mueller’s authority he refers
his macrocarpa to Mueller’s (Miquel’s) erythrostema,

(d) Var. pauperita, J. E. Brown. ‘The Scrubby Blue Gum.”

In my view, the variety names macrocarpa (see also figs. 11 and 12, pl. 56)
and pauperita (fig. 10) can alone stand.

As regards var. macrocarpa, Mr. Ednie Brown’s type specimens have not
been preserved, but his figures and the localities ‘‘ Port Lincoln to the Marble
Range” (where I have visited and collected specimens) make it quite clear to what
form he refers.

Mr. Walter Gill, the Conservator of Forests of South Australia, in the course
of conversation, points out to me that, in his opinion, the var. macrocarpa has a
different bark to that of ordinary Blue Gum (normal lewcorylon). It grows large,
and also Mallee-like. The Port Lincoln specimens are bi-coloured. The variety
has a seedling which has a petiole, which ordinary Blue Gum has not.

The most important character referred to in Mr. Gill’s statement lies in the
petiole of the seedling, but the figures on Plate 56 show that we have a gradual
transition between the normal form and the variety in this respect. In other words,
I do not think it would be justified to raise var. macrocarpa to specific rank.

93

RANGE.

SourH AUSTRALIA.

THE original species was described from this State, though, as was often the
case in the early days, no special locality was given for the type. It is a widely
diffused and well known tree in South Australia. Following are some localities of
a few specimens :—

Devil’s Country, Lofty Range (2. rugulosa), Miquel (see above) ; Adelaide
and Mount Lofty Ranges generally ; a Gum tree with smooth white bark, yellowish
wood. ne (R. H. Cambage); Kuitpo Forest Reserve, near Willunga
(W. Gill) ; Cane Jervis (J.H.M.); South-east South Australia (W. Gill) ; “ White
Desert Gum,” Tintinarra (R. H. Cambage).

Variety pauperita, J. H. Brown, Mt. Bryan Ranges, near Hallett (W. Gill) ;
Bundaleer (W. Gill and J.H.M.). See also J. E. Brown, loc. cit.

Variety macrocarpa, J. K. Brown.—Port Lincoln to Wangary (W. Gill and
J.H.M.). See also J. E. Brown, Jce. cit. .

VICTORIA.

The second variety of 2. leucowylon is suitably termed ‘White Ironbark,” and it probably
represents the variety of this tree from which Baron von Mueller named the species “leucoxylon.” Outwardly
it has the appearance of a ‘“‘ White Gum,” and the wood is light coloured. It is locally called ‘Grey
Gum,” “Spotted Box,” “Blue Gum.” The wood is of inferior quality, used in some places as posts, yet i
saw it cut for railway sleepers near Heathcote a few years back.

This tree is not found, as far as I have observed, to the east of Melbourne in the south, or of
Rushworth in the north. It is plentiful in the State Forests and Timber Reserves of Bendigo, Maryborough,
Wedderburn and Heathcote, &c. It is of but little value, and need not be preserved where other and
better Eucalypts can replace it. (A. W. Howitt, in an unpublished report, 1895.)

The small-fruited form or variety pauperita is very common in Victoria.

Following are some more or less specific localities for H. leucorylon in
Victoria :—

Smooth-barked tree. Darriwill, near Geelong (correspondent of Dr. Woolls) ;
Torquay, near Geelong (J. M. Griffiths); Heathcote (A. W. Howitt); “Smooth-
barked Ironbark.” Growing side by side with Ironbark (2. sideroxylon). Mary-
borough (J. Blackburne) ; Smooth bark, Carisbrook, Loddon River (J. Blackburne);
“Blue Gum,” Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt); Eaglehawk (A. W. Howitt) ; “ White
Ironbark,” Grampians (C. Walter); “A clear or white-barked tree, known round
Horsham and the Upper Glenelg as White Gum. I have never heard it called
Ironbark or Blue Gum” (H. B. Williamson); Gerang Gerung (A. W. Howitt) ;
Stawell, red-flowering (A. W. Howitt) his dewcoaylon B; Wimmera (F. Reader) ;
Mallee district (C. Walter).

Bremin, Rutherglen (H. B. Williamson). ‘This specimen simulates #.
hemiphloia (see fig. 9, pl. 56); Weatheote, near Bendigo (W. 8. Brownscombe)
simulating hemiphloia var. albens.

‘he glaucousness of the specimens, which cannot be brought out in the
drawing, (see fig. 7, pl. 56), accentuate the similarity. In sending other specimens
from the same locality (fig. 4, pl. 56), Mr. Brownscombe says that “the tree is known
locally as “‘ White Gum” or “ Spotted Box.”

94

New SourH WaLtgESs.
‘Barham, Deniliquin District. ‘ Bastard Gum” (Osborne Wilshire).
I exhibited some of Mr. Wilshire’s specimens before the Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
in May, 1907, this being the first occasion on which ZF. leucorylon (not confused
with s¢derorylon) has been recorded for New South Wales.

AP PINTS LES,

1. With £. sideroxylon, A. Cunn. See also p. 82.
There has never been any difficulty in the field as regards this species, and
I -brought the matter of the difficulty, which sometimes occurs, of separating
Ei, leucoxylon and HE. sideroxylon on herbarium specimens, under the notice of
Mr. W. 8. Brownscombe, of Melbourne, a well-known investigator of Eucalypts in
Victoria, and he makes the foliowing remarks :—

In almost every case the herbarium material of Z. lewcowylon and £. sideroaylon can be readily
distinguished from each other, without further reference to the bark, &e,, after obtaining a knowledge of
the two in their native state. In typical (sic) forms the tube of the calyx starts more abruptly from the
stalklet in #. leweoxylon than in #. sideroxylon. ‘The same distinction is carried into the fruit ; moreover
the rim is more contracted in Z. sideroxylon.

Mr. Brownscombe’s remarks apply to such a specimen as fig. 4, plate 56,
received by him from Heathcote. But they certainly do not apply to fig. 7 of
the same Plate, which represents fruits of #. lewcorylon received from him from
the same locality about a year previously. At the same time the character
Mr. Brownscombe points out is often true, but, like other Eucalyptus characters, it
must be applied with caution.

Referring to 2. leucoxylon var. macrocarpa, I have never seen the fruits of
EE. sideroxylon attain so large a size as do those of £. leucoxylon.

2, With £. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. albens.

The fruits of #. leucovylon are more pear-shaped, and the ring round the
orifice is always present. The anthers, also, of the two trees are different. On the
other hand, the foliage of the two trees is a good deal similar; they are often very
glaucous, and the habit, bark, and timber are a good deal alike.

3. With £. cladocalyx, F.v.M.

The timbers of these two South Australian trees are a good deal similar as
far as superficial appearances go. ‘Their other botanical characters are, however,
very different.

4. With FE. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
Already referred to under F. Bosistoana, sée p. 4 of the present volume.
See also p. 8 with respect to some confusion between the two species.

95

DESCRIPTION.

LIX. E. Caleyi, Maiden.
In Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W., xxx, 512 (1905).

A tall Ironbark tree, often glaucous, and finally becoming glabrous, but remaining dull-coloured.

Vernacular Names.-—Called ‘‘ Broad-leaved Ironbark” at Howell in comparison with the local
“Narrow-leaved Ironbark,” which is EZ. sideroxylon, and which is rare in the immediate district. Also
called “ Silver-leaved Tronbark,” but not to be confused with 2. melanophloia, which is not found in the
neighbourhood, but which is exceedingly abundant near Bingera, Inverell, &e.

Bark very deeply furrowed and hard, with much less kino in grains throughout the bark than
E. sideroxylon, and therefore not a true “ Fat-cake Ironbark” like that species.

Timber deep red in colour, locally esteemed, and apparently a timber of good quality.

Juvenile leaves nearly orbicular, 3 inches in diameter being the usual dimensions. The leaves
are symmetrical and taper rather abruptly into a petiole of about $ inch. Texture thick and coriaceous,
dull and even glaucous. Midrib rather prominent, and the intramarginal vein at a considerable distance
from the edge. The secondary veins (of which the intramarginal vein is one) numerous, usually about
} inch apart, roughly parallel, but converging and finally becoming nearly parallel to the midrib.

Mature leaves broadly lanceolar, up to a breadth of 2 inches, and a length twice as great and
rather more. Nearly symmetrical, blunt pointed, tapering at the base into a petiole of about an inch.
Coriaceous and rather thick, equally dull on both sides; often glaucous. Intramarginal vein at a
considerable distance from the edge. The secondary veins rather prominent and wide apart, and disposed
at about an angle of 45° to the midrib.

Buds.—Operculum conical and of less diameter than the calyx, which tapers much more than does
the operculum. The buds often glaucous.

Flowers axillary, becoming terminal by reduction of the upper leaves. Up to 7 in the head, the
common peduncle rather slender and about } inch in length, each flower on a distinct pedicel. Anthers
almost quadrangular in shape, opening in pores nearly terminal, which are a little wider in the direction
of the broad portion of the anther. Filaments often tinged red and minutely glandular. In full flower in
August (1905).

Fruits pear-shaped, slender, tapering into a distinct pedicel. Diameter, say, } inch, with a length
about twice as great. Dark brown and glossy when fully rips. They have a marked dark-coloured thin
rim such as is common in Z, sideroxylon and LZ. melliodora. Valves well sunk, usually half way down the
capsule.

This species is named in honour of George Caley, Banks’ botanical collector
in New South Wales (1800-1810), and whose shrewd observations in regard to
another Ironbark have been referred to at p. 494 of the Proceedings quoted.

RANGE,

Tis species appears to be very widely distributed over northern New South
Wales, extending from the Rylstone (Mudgee) district north-east to near the
Queensland border, and as far east as Emmaville. The range of the species requires
to be more fully defined, but it appears to be found over the greater portion of
New England and over a considerable area of the western slopes of this tableland.

96

Howell (Bora Creek), 19 miles south of Inverell, on the tin-granite
(E. C. Andrews, per favour of R. H. Cambage, April, 1904, and April, 1905, in bud
and fruit); (J. H. Maiden and J. L. Boorman, August, 1905) ; Head of the Gwydir
(Dr. Leichhardt, circa 1842) ; it grows chiefly on low ranges along the foot-hills of
the Nandewar Range and along the Gwydir (Forest Guard Gordon Burrow) ;
* Mountain Ironbark,’ Upper Hunter (H. Deane, 1858); ‘Stunted Ironbark,”
Murrumbo, Rylstone (R. T. Baker, December, 1893); at Howell it would appear
that the trees obtained a finer development; Tingha (J. L. Boorman, June, 1904),
with fruits less pear-shaped than those of the type; Emmaville (J. L. Boorman,
June, 1904). Very glaucous.

The locality Peak Hill, as given in a note to the original description, was
founded on a misapprehension.

dN Tae,

1. With F. sideroxylon, A. Cunn.

EF. Caleyi is sharply distinguished from this species by its broad juvenile
foliage, that of H. sideroxylon being very narrow. ‘The fruits of #. sideroxylon are
more globular and warted; the opercula are not constricted. In EF. sideroxylon
_ (and I have chosen an equally fresh local specimen for the observation) the filaments
have a fine line or ridge extending the whole length. In #. Caleyi the line is less
marked, and extends only for the lower half of the filament.

Let us turn to a reputed variety of 2. siderorylon, A. Cunn., viz., var.
pallens, Benth. ‘Leaves not so coriaceous and whitish.” New England,
C. Stuart (B.FI. iii, 210). I have not seen the type specimens, but have travelled
over a good deal of C. Stuart’s country (northern New England, Tenterfield to
Drake, &c.), and have no doubt, in my own mind, that #. Caleyi is the plant referred
to. At the same time I cannot state absolutely that it isa synonym without the type.
The tree is often as glaucous as it can be, and young lanceolate leaves at the ends of
branches are often less coriaceous than the maturer leaves down the branches.

On my showing Mr. R. T. Baker specimens, and informing him that I
deemed this tree to be new, he very kindly sent me specimens collected by him at
Murrumbo Plains, Goulburn River, north of Rylstone, and informed me that the
tree was referred by him and Mr. Smith, in their “ Research on the Eucalypts,” to
E. sideroxylon, A. Cunn., var. pallens. It will be observed that the authors state
that the “oil has little resemblance to that obtained from Z. sideroxylon.”

2. With E£. affinis, Deane and Maiden.

E. Caleyi resembles this species in general characters, and even in fruits, but
the timbers sharply separate them, that of 2. affinis being pale.

97

3. With F. siderophloia, Benth., var. glauca, Deane and Maiden.

F. Caleyt certainly presents some resemblance to this variety. Both forms
are glaucous, and the juvenile foliage of both forms has much in common, but the
opercula of the var. of #. siderophloia are not constricted, while its valves are not
only not sunk, but they are exserted.,

4, With F. paniculata, Sm.

#. Caleyi was by Mueller and others sometimes labelled . paniculata, with
bud and flower specimens alone available. The inflorescence often, indeed, takes on
a paniculate character, and the fruit, when unripe and the rim not defined, is
certainly reminiscent of that of #. paniculata, but the leaves, ripe fruits, and timber.
sharply distinguish the species.

HYBRIDISM.

Mr. J. E. Carne collected this species at Copeton, with a Box-bark, very
different in appearance to that of the normal species. I will describe this specimen
when I deal with the subject of hybridism in the genus. Ironbarks seem specially
prone to hybridise with the Boxes; and I cannot usefully describe the various
hybrids without pictorial illustrations, which are being prepared.

Hybridism in Eucalyptus is a scientific fact, although a few of the instances
adduced may still form the subject of controversy.

After I have critically revised the various species of Eucalyptus in the way I
am doing, and before I publish my diagrams and tables explaining my views as to
their affinities, I propose to devote a Part of this work to the hybrid forms, and shall
at all times be grateful to correspondents for specimens illustrating the phenomenon,
or believed to do so.

_ Explanation of Plates (53-56).

PLATE 583.
FE. Raveretiana, F.v.M. %
la and 1b. Juvenile foliage. Rockhampton, Queensland. (J.H.M.)
2a. Leaf in intermediate stage ; 2b, fruits received by Mr. F. M. Bailey from Rockhampton (collector ? ),
3a, Mature leaf ; 3b, anther. Rockhampton, (Late A, Thozet.)

EF. crebra, F.v.M.
4a, 4b. Juvenile leaves, near Dubbo. (J. L. Boorman.)
5a, Broadish mature leaf; 5b, anther. Lower Kurrajong. (J.H.M.)

a

3, Rather large fruit. Wybong Creek. (Augustus Rudder.)

7. Fruit. Baulkham Hills. (Rev. Dr, Woolls.)
8. Fruit not perfectly ripe, showing rim. Windsor. (J. S. Allan.)
9, Fruit, nearly ripe, showing marked rim. Capertee, (J,H.M. and J. L, Boorman.)

PF

98

EL, Staigeriana, F.v.M.
10a. Juvenile leaf ; 10, mature leaf ; 10c, buds and flowers ; 10d, anther ; 10e, fruit from Palmer River,
Queensland (type locality). Received from Mr. F. M. Bailey (collector ? ).
lla. Broadish juvenile leaf ; 110, buds, cultivated, R. Simmons, Lockhampton, Queensland.
12. Mature leaf, cultivated, Botanic Gardens, Sydney.

E. melanophloia, F.v.M. (first part).

N.B.—The drawings of this species are intended to supplement those of the “ Eucalyptographia.” I
do not repeat “ Eucalyptographia” drawings, but sometimes ald to them or correct them. In my
“Forest Flora of New South Wales” I will figure whole twigs of the normal form of this species. I may,
perhaps, be permitted to remind my readers that the present work is a “Critical Revision,’ and hence a
drawing of normal Z. melanophloia, already conveniently available, would be out of place.

13a and 13. Twig with flowers, and anther of a lanceolate-leaved form of Z. melanophloia. Bentham
looked upon it as a variety of Z. crebra at B.Fl. iii, 222, and this original specimen bears tbe
label, in Bentham’s handwriting, “ Bark fissured, not shedding, Suttor River, Bowman.”

14a. Leaf; 144, buds and flowers of ‘“ Box-tree of the Mackenzie, Leichhardt.” This tree has a
‘fissured bark,” and was examined by Bentham for Z. Fl. iii, 222. It is a lanceolate-leaved
form of £. melanophloia.

15a. Leaf; 155, buds and flowers of the “Gum-topped Box of the Suttor River, Bowman,” in Bentham’s
handwriting, examined by him for B. FJ. iii, 222. Itis a lanceolate-leaved form of 2, melanoph/oia,
All these from Kew.

PLATE 54.
£. melanophloia (continued).

la, 10, 1c. Juvenile leaves. Narrabri, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

2a. Mature leaf; 2b, buds. Bourke, N.8S.W. (O. C. McDougall.)

3a, Mature leaf; 3, very small fruits. Narromine, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

4a, Mature leaf; 4, small fruits. Stannary Hills, North Queensland. (Dr. T, L. Bancroft.)

E£. pruinosa, Schauer,

5a. Reproduction of a portion of the type in the Vienna Herbarium, The original; bears the inscription,
“Eucalyptus pruinosa, Schauer, in Walp. Repert,” in Schauer’s handwriting; 5d, a fruit from
the type, end on.

6. Anther from a flower from Sweers’ Island, Gulf of Carpenteria. Herb. Melb. with the label
“Fenne?” (Henne was the botanical collector in Landsborough’s Expedition.)

7a, Angled and ribbed fruits ; 76, quadrangular branchlet. Mt. Albion, Queensland. (8. Dixon.)

8. Very small fruits. Ord River, East Kimberley, W.A. (W. V. Fitzgerald.)

PLATE 55.

#, Smithii, R. T, Baker.

Juvenile leaf. Colo Vale, N.S.W. _(E. Cheel.)

. Mature Heaf; 26, buds; 2c, anther; 2d, fruits. Sugar Loaf Mountain, Braidwood, N.S.W
(W. Baeuerlen.)

bo
ae

2. Naudiniana, F.v.M.

3a, Juvenile leaf; 3b, mature leaf; 3c, buds; 3d, anthers. New Britain or Neu Pommern.
(R. Parkinson.)

4, Fruits, Philippines, U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1854,

99

E, sideroxylon, A. Cunn,

5. Seedling plant, Condobolin Hill, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
6. Juvenile leaves. Condobolin, (J. L. Boorman.)
7a, 7b. Juvenile leaves. Harvey Range, N.S.W. (J, L. Boorman.)
8a. Juvenile leaf; 8b, intermediate leaf. Merrindee (Mudgee to Wellington), N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
The broad juvenile leaf may be evidence of hybridism.
9a, Mature leaf; 96, buds and flowers; 9c, anthers (note their truncate shape) from “Interior of New
Holland, Major Mitchell, 1836,” which is typical of the species.
10. Buds. Condobolin. (J. L. Boorman.)
11, Small, smooth fruits. Minore, Dubbo, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
12. Fruits (note the tubercular appearance of the surface and the rims round the orifice, both characters
common in this species). Grenfell, N.S.W. (J. Postlethwaite.)
13a, 13), Fruits of the coast form, Cabramatta, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

PLATE 56.
E. lewecoxylon, F.v.M.

la. Juvenile leaves, perfectly sessile; 1, juvenile leaves, showing the rudiment of a petiole ; lc, flowers ;
ld, anther, side view; le, anther, showing pores and glandular filament; 1f portion of
glandular filament enlarged. Kapunda, 8.A. (R. H. Cambage.)

2. Juvenile leaf, showing incipient petiole. Mt. Barker, S.A. (J.H.M.)

3a, Mature leaf; 30, buds ; 3c, fruits (note that in this species the attachment of the pedicel to the fruit is
often abrupt). Adelaide. (Max Koch.)

4. Fruits. Heathcote, Victoria. (W.S. Brownscombe.) Compare 7, below, with more tapering calyx.

5. Fruits from Barham, Deniliquin, N.S8.W., the only New South Wales locality so far recorded for this
species. (Osborne Wilshire.)

6. Fruits, nearly hemispherical. Kapunda, 8.A. (R. H. Cambage.)
7. Fruits, with pedicels tapering into the fruits. Heathcote, Victoria. (W. 8. Brownscombe.)

8. Fruits, showing the ring at the orifice, common in this and some allied species. Cape Jervis, South
Australia. (J.H.M.)

9a. Leaf; 9b, buds; 9c, fruits. Bremin, Rutherglen, Victoria. (H. B. Williamson.) These specimens
simulate Z, hemiphloia, cf. plate 50, fig. 21a; plate 51, fig. 3, and other figures on these two plates,

Variety pauperita, J. E, Brown.
10. Fruits, Mt. Bryan Ranges, S.A. (W. Gill.)

Variety macrocarpa, J. E. Brown.

lla. Juvenile leaf, with distinct stalk ; 11, fruits, not quite ripe. Wanilla, Port Lincoln, S.A. (W. Gill.)

12a, Juvenile leaf; 126, single fruit; 12c, three fruits, Between Port Lincoln and Coffin’s Bay, S.A,
(J.H.M.,)

E. Caleyi, Maiden.

13a, Juvenile leaf ; 136, mature leaf; 13c, buds (note the “egg-in-egg-cup ” arrangement) ; 13d, side view
of anther; 13e, anther, showing dehiscence ; 13f, fruits, showing rim; 138g, fruits, smaller. All
from the type, Howell, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)

14. Fruits. Tingha, N.S.W, (J. L. Boorman.)

lba. Leaf ; 15d, fruits Rylstone, N.S.W. (R. T. Baker.)

16. Fruit, showing cracking of the rim when over ripe. Emmayille, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

100

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of
the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:— |

acmenioides, Schauer (xxxil). microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil). —
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi). numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi). obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv). “e odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xl1),
Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xhiii). paniculata, Sm. (vii).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii). pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi). piperita, Sm. (xxxiii).
coriacea, A, Cunn. (xv). Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii). punctata, DC. (x).

dives, Schauer (xix). regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
jruticetorum, F.v.M. (xii). resinifera, Sm. (iil). |
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v). saligna, Sm. (iv).

hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii). siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
hemiphloia, F.v.M. (vi). sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii). |
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii). + - Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
Luehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi). stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii). tereticornis, Sm. (x1).
maculata, Hook. (vii). virgata, Sieb. (xxv).
melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix). vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and other

illustrations,

Sydney ; William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.--1910.

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 53:

™. Frocktar, «

EUCALYPTUS RAVERETIANA, F.v.M. (1-8). E. STAIGERIANA, F.v.M. (10-12).
E. CREBRA, F.v.M. (4-9). E. MELANOPHLOIA, F.v.M. (18-15).

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

M .FlocKTo

EUCALYPTUS MELANOPHLOIA, F.v.M.—continued—(1-4).
E. PRUINOSA, ScHaverR (8-8).

PL. 55.

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

EUCALYPTUS SMITHII, R. T. Baxer (1-2).

E. NAUDINIANA, F.v.M. (3-4).

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 56.

EUCALYPTUS LEUCOXYLON, F.v.M. (1-12).

E. CALEYI, Mawen (13-16).

AcE RITICAL. REVICION) OF # THE

GENUS EUCALYPTUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

* (Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vor, by Pari
Part XIII of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

“* Ages are spent in colleeting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
Macautay’s ‘Essay on MILTon.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svdnev :

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET,

* 90436—A 71911.

EX: icgead ae ee! Deane and Maiden.

Description
_ Range
Affinities

LXI. Fuealyptus paniculata, Smith.
Description
Notes Supplemicnies to ne desenipuca
Range.
Affinities

LXER See da EE er Schauer.

Description
Synonyms.
Range..
Affinities

LATHE. eae Rudderi, Maiden.

Description
Range
Affinities ©

LXIV. Eucalyptus Baueriana, Schauer.
Description

Notes Snplewee es to he sesonomner
Synonyms.
Range
Var. conica, Maiden

Range .

Affinities

LXY. ees ne DC.
Description
Synonyms.
Range.
Affinities

Explanation of Plates .

PAGE.
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IOI
102

104
104
105
108

109
109
112
116

118
118

119

120
121

121
122
123
124
125

127
128

129
130°

3

hcg he
SUA te a

DESCRIPTION.
LX. E. affinis, Deane and Maiden.

Proc. Linn. Soc. NS.W., xxv, 104 (1900), with a plate.
A tree of moderate size, attaining a height of 80 feet, and a diameter of 2 feet 6 inches.

Vernacular names.—“ Tallow Wood ” at Murrumbidgerie, owing to the greasy nature of its wood,
and “Black Box” at Stuart Town; “ White Ironbark” and “Tronbark Box” at Grenfell and above Mt.
McDonald, at the junction of the Abercrombie and Lachlan Rivers, according to Mr. Cambage ; “ Bastard
Tronbark ” at Minore (J. L. Boorman).

Bark.—To quote from a letter by Mr. R. H. Cambage :—“ In appearance it looks half Ironbark
and half Box, and has strong affinities to both. Often the butt in old trees is nearly as rough as that of
E. siderozylon, but seldom quite, while the upper part resembles Z. albens (E. hemiphloia, var. albens) ;
but in general it has a dark brown, fairly rough bark an inch thick, and is easily distinguished from the
other trees. The bark is thinner and softer than Z. sidéroxylon, but harder and thicker than Z. albens.”

Timber.—Of a medium brown colour, inlocked, hard and tough, greasy to the touch, better
esteemed locally than the wood of either Z. hemiphloia or #. sideroxylon, among which it grows.

Juvenile leayes.—Alternate, ovate, obtuse, slightly emarginate and mucronate (in our specimens) ;
about 3 inches long by 13 broad ; intramarginal vein at a considerable distance from the edge.

Mature leayes.—Lanceolate, slightly falcate ; pale coloured, dull on both sides, rather coriaceous,
usually 2 to 3 inches long ; veins at an angle of about 30° with the midrib, but inconspicuous except the
midrib and the thickened margin ; intramarginal vein inconspicuous and at some distance from the edge.

Peduneles axillary, flattened at first but nearly terete when the fruit is ripe; with 3 to 7 flowers.

Buds.—Shaped like a tip-cat, to use a homely expression, i.e., tapered equally towards base and
operculum ; somewhat angular, the operculum attenuate. Calyx-tube likewise attenuate, tapering into, a
short pedicel. Anthers in the bud all folded ; stamens white, the outer ones seemingly all fertile ; anthers
opening in terminal pores. Style and stigma as figured at fig. 6, YZ. hemiphloia, in the Hucalyptographia.

Fruits.—Ovate-truncate, tapered at the base, somewhat contracted at the orifice, about 3 lines in
diameter, the rim narrow, slightly convex and dark-coloured ; the capsule depressed (Joc. cit.).

RANGE:

BretwEeENn Wellington and Dubbo, towards Molong and Parkes, Grenfell, and other
parts of the Western districts. It also occurs near Inverell, and it should be
especially looked for in New England, and in the Stanthorpe district of Queensland.
So far it has only been recorded from New South Wales.

‘Tallow tree,” Murrumbidgerie, Great Western Railway. (Andrew Murphy).
Type of the species.

* Bastard Ironbark.” ‘“‘ Pretty fairly distributed amongst FH. hemiphloia
and EH. sideroxylon, to which it appears to bear an affinity. Rough, scaly, hard bark,
not corrugated, dark brown. Sapwood yellow, centre red. Bark ribbony two-thirds
from the base. Tips of branches of a claret colour. “Leaves ‘atropurpureus.’ The
whole tree has a graceful pendulous habit.” Stuart Town (J. L. Boorman, 1900).

102

‘“ White Ironbark ” or “‘ Ironbark Box.” ‘Seems to be between #. albens
and LH. sideroxylon.”’ Grenfell, also Grenfell Road from Cowra, and 17 miles east of
Parkes (R. H. Cambage, 1900).

“ Black Box.” “Fine large trees, sparsely scattered amongst the Ironbark
(E. sideroxylon) and Box (LH. hemiphioia, var. albens) of the district. Bark rough,
slightly suberous, sapwood thin, with dark hard centre, fine timber for most purposes,
being exceptionally tough and heavy.’ Lue, Mudgee Line (J. L. Boorman).

Inverell District (Forest Guard Gordon Burrow), who writes as follows :—

I am forwarding specimens of bark, wood, twig with buds, and fruit of a tree growing on Forest
Reserve 26,227, Parish Cameron, County of Hardinge.

T only know of a few of these trees in this district ; they seem to be a hybrid between White Box
(EZ. hemiphloia var. albens), and Red Ironbark (Z#. sideroxylon). This specimen shows more of the Box
than some.

The wood is very hard, and when cut up cannot be distinguished from Ironbark.

There is a rough bark outside the ordinary bark, about 10 to 15 feet up the trunk, which looks like
an Ironbark, only much lighter in colour; above that, the ordinary or inner bark looks like Box bark.
This tree, like Ironbark, exudes at times a large quantity of kino.

The leaves are more like those of the Ironbark in the locality than those of the Box, though the
buds are smaller.

Box in the locality has long finished flowering, but Ironbark, like this hybrid, though long in bud,
has not flowered, owing, as I believe, to the late frosts.

I could only secure two very imperfect specimens of fruits.

The wood is a dark red (gets paler on drying—J.H.M.) almost to the outer edge, particularly
towards the butt, where there is only about an inch of white or light sapwood.

The local name is generally “‘ Bastard Ironbark.” TI have also heard it called ‘“ Bibble,” and more
rarely “Ironbark Box.” (14th July, 1906.)

I have also a specimen from Wallangarra (J. L. Boorman), which is imperfect,
and is probably this species. The tree should be further sought for.

AFFINITIES.

1. With F. leptophleba, F.v.M.

In the original description Messrs. Deane and Maiden say :—

The species appears to possess resemblances to the imperfectly-known Ironbark 2. drepanophylla,
F.v.M. The fruits of the latter are, however, sub-cylindrical, the orifice not constricted, the rim different,
and the valves slightly exserted when the capsule is perfectly ripe ; the leaves are narrower, and the veins
finer and more parallel. Further observations on this head may be deferred until 2. drepanophylla is
more perfectly known.

We know more of EF. drepanophylia now. It is asynonym of #. leptophleba,
F.v.M. See p. 332, Part X of this work, and p. 67, Part XII. The rim of the
fruit of E. leptophieba is different, while the huge juvenile leaves of that species

are different also. In spite of these differences, the two species are undoubtedly
related.

103

2. With EF. Caleyi, Maiden. See Part XII of this work.

Twigs of the two species are often a good deal alike. The juvenile leaves of
E. Caleyi are much more orbicular, the flower buds of #. affinis are more angular,
and in £. Caleyi bave an egg-in-egg-cup appearance. Typical #. Caleyi is an
Ironbark, but (Part XII, p. 97) it may have bark of a more boxy nature. Both
are normally glaucous. The anthers of #. Caleyi are more pronouncedly terminal.

3 and 4. With EF. sideroxylon, A. Cunn., and £. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var.
albens, F.v.M.

Messrs. Deane and Maiden, at the publication (1900) of #. affinis, wrote :—

The true affinities of our species are, in our opinion, with #. sideroxylon, A. Cunn., and
E. hemiphioia, F.v.M. Roughly speaking, it resembles the inflorescence of £. hemiphloia, the fruits of
E. sideroxylon, while its timber and bark partake of the characters of both.

Mr. Cambage is of opinion that the tree is a hybrid between H. hemiphloia, var. albens, and
E. sideroxylon, a view which had already occurred to us. It certainly seems only to be found when the
other two trees are present. There are difficulties in the way of recognising hybridism in Eucalypts, and
as we propose to treat this subject later on we refrain from being dogmatic on the present occasion.

Below we give an account of some trees which partake of the characters of both an Ironbark,
probably in this case HF. siderophloia, and a Box, £. hemiphloia, and here hybridism again suggests itself.
(EZ. Boormani is referred to.—J.H.M.) It is curious that in Z. affinis we have a tree also partaking of
the characters of an Ironbark and a Box, but in this case Z. siderorylon and E. hemiphloia var. albens,
apparently combine.

In view of the imperfect evidence of hybridisation before us we think it safer to give to #. affinis
specific rank.

I wrote (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxx, 498 [1905]) :—

In that paper some doubt was expressed as to the hybrid origin of Z. afinis. I desire to say that
I have now no doubt as to its hybrid origin. Others and myself have found it growing over large areas of
country with 2. sideroxylon and FH. hemiphloia var. albens. The tree certainly is an intermediate between
this species and variety, and I look upon these trees as its parents.

In accordance with the promise made in an earlier page of this work, I shall
deal specially with the subject of hybridism in this genus. I intend to devote one
or more Parts to the necessary illustrations.

104

DESCRIPTION:
[XI. FE. paniculata, Sm.

In Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 287 (1797).

Following is the original description :—

Operculo hemisphaerico submutico, calyce angulosa, umbellis subpaniculatis terminalibus. This
differs from the last in its angular calyx and less pointed operculum, as well as being smaller in all its
parts. The umbels do not form so considerable a compound cluster of corymbs, but are collected about the
top of the branches into a small panicle, the lowermost of them being axillary.

My specimens were gathered at Port Jackson by Mr. David Burton, and I received them from Sir
Joseph Banks’ Herbarium.

(In the Cambridge University Herbarium there is a specimen labelled “New

Holland, Governor Phillip, ex herb. Lambert”’).

The species is more adequately described in Bentham’s Flora Australiensis,
iil. 211, and Mueller’s Hucalyptographia.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.
Varieties. Bentham recognises some varieties :—

1. var. fasciculosa. This is L. fasciculosa, F.v.M., a valid species, although
Mueller (Hucalyptographia) concurred in its suppression.

2. var. angustifolia. ‘ Leaves narrow and thin, as in some varieties of £.
crebra.’ Umbels loose, paniculate, conical. Outer stamens anantherous.
New South Wales “ narrow-leaved Ironbark,” Woolls. This is figured at
fig. 21, plate 57. George Caley (collecting in the Sydney district,
1800-10) called this form ‘‘ Mogargro.”

3. var. (?) conferta. ‘‘ Flowers still smaller, like those of #. gracilis. Leaves
rather short and broad. W. Australia. Drummond (8rd collection ?)
Suppl. No. 9.” I have not been abie to see this specimen, but would
suggest that it is a form (gracilis) of H. calycogona. See p. 81, Part ITT.
At all events it is not 2. paniculata, which does not occur in Western
Australia.

Timber, §c.—At the risk of encroaching a little on the scope of my “ Forest
Flora,’ I give a note on this valuable tree from the pen of the late Augustus
Rudder, forest ranger, whose district was chiefly from Port Stephens to the Manning.
He was, in my opinion, one of the best informed forest rangers we ever had.

Perhaps of all our hardwoods, on account of its great strength and durability, and comparative
freedom from defects, this may be justly considered to rank first, more especially in its use as piles (where
there is no cobra) and girders, and railway sleepers, or in the construction of all bridge-work, or wherever
great transverse strength is required, but it has the disadvantage of being very combustible, and is subject
to the ravages of white ants (termites). This timber varies a good deal in quality, according to soil and

105

situation, the best and soundest trees, and the largest, being usually found in somewhat scrubby places.
In colour it varies from grey to shades of a yellowish colour, or light red and very dark brown when
green, but these colours change in drying, sometimes becoming, where dark, much paler, and in the case
of pale red or grey, becoming of darker colour. Unfortunately this timber is not very plentiful, but in
this district and some others it shows, in places, a readiness to reproduce itself, and the young growth is
generally very promising.

Aboriginal Names.—George Caley, Sir Joseph Banks’ collector in the
Sydney district (1800-10), gives the name “Torrangora. (See Agricultural Gazette,
N.S.W., October, 1903, p. 990.) Bentham’s var. angustifolia of this species
Caley called “ Mogargro.” ‘‘Barremma” (see below, p. 106) is another name
See also “ Thattinebark’”’ and “ Parragilga ” below.

Vernacular Names.—It is usually called ‘“‘ White Ironbark” or ‘ Grey
Ironbark,” because of its comparative paleness. But the palest ironbarks are more
or less pinkish when freshly cut, and hence the present one is sometimes called
“ Red Ironbark ”’ by persons who are careless in such matters.

Sometimes FZ. paniculata is valled “Black Ironbark’ in common with others,
although #. sideroxylon is so named more appropriately. Mr. Rudder says of Black

Ironbark :—

Black ironbark is recognised in the County of Gloucester, as also near the Hawkesbury, the name
being given on account of the black patches and streaks in the timber, particularly near the butt. This
discolouration is not characteristic of any species, I believe. I have observed it in Lucalyptus paniculata
from the Hawkesbury, and I am not aware whether the timber of any other species of ironbark is similarly
discoloured.

To show how careful one must be with vernacular names, I have received
twigs or axe-cuts of #. paniculata from one district alone (Port Macquarie), with
no less than four distinct names at different times, White, Grey, Red, Black

Tronbark.

RANGE.

Ironbark country usually consists of poor, stony ridges, not adapted for culti-
vation, which circumstance will, in a large measure, prevent the destruction of this
valuable timber.

It is chiefly found in New South Wales, extending practically along the
whole of the coastal strip. It requires a good rainfall, also a moderately high
temperature, hence it is not found at high elevations.

I have obtained it almost at the Victorian border. To be definite, I record
it herewith from the Moruya district, but I have seen it farther south, although I
do not appear to have collected specimens. As a matter of fact, we do not know its
extreme southern range, and specimens from Moruya to the Victorian border, giving

specific localities, would be very acceptable.
B

106

Mueller records it from north-western Victoria under the name of ‘ Box
Ironbark.” I have never seen a specimen from that State, and in view of the
looseness of application of the name ‘ Box Ironbark,” I recommend that 4.
paniculata be not accepted as a Victorian plant without further investigation.

It extends to south-coastal Queensland, but its range in that State is not
defined as clearly as it should be.

New Soutru WaAtgs.
South.—Bergalia, Moruya (J.H.M.); Moruya District, ‘‘ Red Ironbark” (J.
S. Allan); Conjola, near Milton (W. Heron) ; Nowra (J.H.M.).
Copy of a label in Herb. Cant. :—*‘1, 83, Euc. paniculata, Barremma, White
or Pale Ironbark, Illawarra, Macarthur. Paris Exhibition, 1855.”

This means that this was in a collection of the indigenous woods of the
southern districts of New South Wales. Its number was 83 in the Catalogue of
N.S.W. Exhibits in the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and 1 in that of the London
Exhibition of 1862.

“ Barremma’”’ was the aboriginal name of the tree, which was 80-120 feet in
height, diameter in inches, 36-48, and Sir William Macarthur’s notes are (London
Catalogue): “‘ From Illawarra, the most valuable, perhaps, of all the ironbarks,
remarkable for its smooth, uniform outer bark, and its very hard, tough, inlocked,
strong wood.” In the Paris Catalogue he has the note, “ with unusually smooth
outer bark.”

No. 90 of the Paris Catalogue (No. 3 of the London Catalogue) is also
* Barremma,” and Sir William’s note (Paris Catalogue) is “80-180 feet, 36-60
inches diameter. The timber of this rugged-looking tree is of the highest reputation
for strength and durability.” In the London Catalogue he says: “‘ From Illawarra,
differs apparently from the Ironbark of Cumberland and Camden—a strong and
most durable timber.”

Wingello, also Box Point to Barber’s Creek (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman).

A specimen labelled 123 (b) (Paris Exhibition) and 529 No. 8 (London Exhi-
bition) was called by Sir William Macarthur ‘‘ Narrow-leaved Ironbark.” Diameter
in inches, 24-48; height in feet, 60-100. ‘“ From Appin, harder and much
coarser in the grain than the last’ (erebra). I also collected H. paniculata at Appin.

Otford (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); Oatley’s Grant, George’s River
(J.H.M.); Sydney district generally, including Gladesville, Ryde, and Field of
Mars Common (H. Deane); Canterbury (E. Cheel), Hurstville and Burwood (J.H.M),
Hornsby (H. Deane).

The following specimens are probably all from the Port Jackson district
also :—

(a) ‘* Port Jackson” (Robert Brown, 1802-5). No. 4,736 of the J. J. Bennett
distribution from the British Museum, 1876.

’

107
(2) Sieber’s No. 468, “ Fl. Novee Holl.”

(c) A specimen, not with an original printed label (collected by Sieber), in
Herb. Barbey-Boissier, bears the label ‘No. 477, Eucalyptus incrassata,
Lab., Nov. Holl.” 1t is H. paniculata, Sieb. A fragment, bearing the
same number, and with the label ‘ K. terminalis, Sieb.,” from the Berlin
Herbarium, seems to me to be #. paniculata, Sm., also.

At p. 65, Part XII, of this work, another H. terminalis has been referred to.
This is #. crebra, there being no #. paniculata within a thousand miles of Lizard
Island or Thirsty Sound, Queensland.

West.—Kurrajong and Parramatta (W. Woolls); Moolah, Kurrajong district,
var. angustifolia (W. Woolls).

North.—In London Catalogue, No. 2, Sir William Macarthur showed a
“White Ironbark,” variety from Brisbane Water, reported to be more tough and
durable, and more pleasant to work than the common Ironbark.

Gosford district (Forest Ranger Martin); Kincumber (R. H. Cambage and
J.H.M.); Wyong (J. L. Boorman); Paterson River (J. L. Boorman); Port Stephens
(Miss Conolly) ; Dungog; Stroud to Raymond Terrace ; throughout the County of
Gloucester (A. Rudder); Taree (E. H. F. Swain).

“ Thattinebark ”’ (native name), 2 ft. 9 in. diameter, 80 feet high. Scattered
all through this district. Flowers November to January. (Forest Ranger G. R.
Brown, Port Macquarie); Wauchope, “ Grey Ironbark” (A. Langley); ‘“ Grey
Ironbark” (paniculata) and ‘‘ Red Ironbark” (siderophloia), both found on the
Hastings and Macleay. ‘The former predominates on the Hastings, and the latter
on the Macleay.

E. paniculata, “ White or Pale Ironbark,” “ Parragilga,” 80-100 feet high ;
2 ft. 6 in. to 3 ft. 6 in. in diameter. In all the forests on the eastern slopes, being
more plentiful towards the heads of the rivers and in the northern portion of my
district (Forest Ranger Mecham, Bellingen). The same observer also speaks of it:
** White Narrow-leaved Ironbark, timber pale-coloured, as also the bark. Hard
gravelly ridges ; 3-4 feet diameter, 100-150 feet high.”

In 1893 I noted ** White Ironbark,” a few trees on the Bellinger, between
the south and north arms. There is no other ironbark on this river. ‘100 feet to
top, 55 feet to first limb,” Bellingen Heights (E. H. F. Swain); Woolgoolga (EB. H.
F. Swain); Lawrence, Clarence River, ‘‘ Grey Ironbark ” (J. V. de Coque) ; Grafton
to Dalmorton (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman) ; Casino (District Forester W. P. Pope) ;
Mullumbimby, Brunswick River (H. Deane).

QUEENSLAND.

Eight-mile Plains, Brisbane, “ Grey Ironbark” (J. L. Boorman); Lands-
borough, North Coast Railway (P. MacMahon); Maryborough (W. H. Williams).

108

APLINIPLES:

1. With #. fasciculosa, ¥.v.M.
See “ Bucalyptographia,” where the description of #. paniculata is mixed up
with that of #. fasciculosa (deemed by Bentham and Mueller to be a variety of it).
I will go into the matter when #. fasciculosa is reached.

2. With E. crebra, F.v.M.

This is a drooping, narrow-leaved species, with very red timber, It is usually
smaller in all its parts than H. paniculata while the anthers of the latter are
terminal-opening, very different to those of H. crebra. The var. angustifolia of F.
paniculata is closest to H. crebra.

3. With £. siderophloia, Benth. Another Tronbark.

See part X of this work, part 39 of my “Forest Flora,” also ‘* Eucalpyto-
graphia”’ under H. paniculata,

4. With E. sideroxylon, A. Cunn. A “ Mugga”’ or “ Red Ironbark,” see Part
12 of this work, and Part 13 of my “ Forest Flora.”

Usually they are different enough, but I have seen very coarse-fruited
paniculata with a rim to the fruit, showing some transit to #. sideroarylon.

5. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.

Mueller has givena caution. See “ Eucalyptographia ”’ under 2. paniculata.
See also Part 9 of my “ Forest Flora.”

In distinguishing an Ironbark from a non-Ironbark, it is convenient in
practice to test a twig to the breaking point with the fingers. With a little
experience one can generally select an Ironbark in this way, because of its high
tensile strength.

6. With E£. bicolor, A. Cunn. (£. largiflorens, F.v.M.).

See “ Eucalyptographia’’ under 7. paniculata. This is another species with
sub-cylindrical fruits. #. bicolor is a spreading tree of the interior; EF. paniculata
is confined to the coastal strip, and is more erect in habit. #. bicolor has a black,
flaky box-like bark, while Z. paniculata is an ironbark. The latter has a pale
timber, while that of 1. bicolor is deep red.

7. With E. calycogona, Turez. var. gracilis, Maiden. (E. gracilis, F.v.M.).
I mention this because Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia ”’ under F. paniculata
has mentioned it, and it is probably Bentham’s var. (?) conferta ot PERETTI but
in practice I see no danger of their being confused.

109
DE SCRE em.

[XIl. E. polyanthemos, Schauer,

In Walpers’ Repertorium Botanices Systematicae.” Tomus ii, p. 924, Suppl.i (1843).

Arborea glauco-virens : foll. coriaceis ovatis subito in petiolum contractis obtusis apiculatis, margine
crasso subrevoluto cinctis impunctatis, utring. opacis; paniculis axillarib. terminalibq., umbellis 3-5
floris, pedicellis brevib. cupulae clavato-turbinatae continuis; operculo brevissime conico acutiusculo
vertici cupulae exangulatae imposito.—Foliorum lamina 2 poll. circiter longa, 24 poll. lata, petiolus 8 lin.
longus, flores cum pedicello et operculo 3 lin. longi, operculum resinoso-punctatum, stamina brevissima.—
In Novae Cambriae australis interioribus septentriones versus ab urbe Bathurst.—A. Cunn., Herb.
No. 136, 1822.
I have seen the type; it is referred to below. I would invite attention to
Schauer’s spelling of his specific name.

It is described in English in B.FV. iii. 214, but the synonyms given
(H#. populifolia, Hook., and 2. populnea, F.v.M.) must be excluded. See Part X of
this work, pages 340 and 343.

Mueller figures the species in “ Eucalyptographia’’ with some slight
confusion with H. Baueriana, Schauer, which will be referred to when that species
is reached.

It is (“ Eucalyptographia”’) stated to be known as “‘ Den” by Gippsland
aborigines on Howitt’s authority. The use of this aboriginal name might be further
inquired into, since I have received “ Grey Box” (#. hemiphloia, var. albens) also
under the name ‘‘Den” or ‘“‘ Dern” from the same locality. See page 23 of Part XI
of this work. Dr. C. 8. Sutton gives me “ Teering”’ as the aboriginal name in the
Loddon District of Victoria. :

SYNONYMS.

1. £. Dawsoni, R. T. Baker.

2. E. polyanthema, Schauer, var. glauca, R. T. Baker.

3. E. ovalifolia, R. T. Baker.

4. E. ovalifolia, R. T. Baker, var. lanceolata, R. T. Baker and H. G.
Smith.

1. E, Dawsoni, R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiv, 295, 1899, with a
plate.

=

Identical with #. polyanthemos, Schauer, var. (c) Baker, op. cit., xxi, 448
(1896).

110

“Slaty Gum.” Type localities, “Ridges on the watershed of the Goulburn
River (R.T.B.); across the Main “‘ Divide” at Cassilis, and north-west of Pilliga”’
(Professor Warren).

I have given careful attention to this species for many years, but cannot find
botanical differences sufficient, in my opinion, to justify the establishment of a
second species out of the ‘ Red Box or Slaty Gum” series. I look upon Slaty Gum
as large, erect Red Box grown under favourable circumstances. Accompanied by a
collector, Mr. J. L. Boorman, I made careful observations. Then I sent Mr. Boorman
alone to carefully investigate the trees, and he performed his duty in an intelligent
manner. Although satisfied with his reports, I went again into the field with him, and
the three trips resulted in the accumulation of a large and varied quantity of
botanical material, including timber and bark. I found people indifferent as to
the use of the names “Slaty Gum or Red Box,” applying them indiscriminately as
a very general rule. More than one timber worker told me they were the same tree,
and all the evidence [ accumulated points in the same direction. As the confusion
in regard to ‘Red Box and Slaty Gum”’ has become considerable, I have below given
full notes made in the field by my collector and by other observers, and add the
following report from him, which was written in the field :—

With reference to your instructions to collect all available evidence in regard to Red Box and Slaty
Gum, I respectfully report that I went to Tallawang (some 6 miles from Gulgong), out towards Cobborah,
where it grows to fine tall trees on the ridgy ground near to the Reedy Creek; at Gulgong it grows all
around the district of a much more stunted growth. At Lue it grows (large trees) about 5-6 miles in a
western direction from the railway line ; the more stunted forms occur all around the immediate district of
Lue. There again at Rylstone, some 5 miles on the Iford Road, it again reaches to fine trees.

From a personal conviction and from reliable information, the Slaty Gum and Red Box are identical.
The term ‘“‘Slaty Gum” is applied to the more robust trees of the “ Red Box,” from the cleaner stems,
for these trees have a greater tendency to throw off the bark more regularly, falling in ribbons, and not
in “ scales,” so to speak, as in the case of the less healthy trees ; this is not invariably the case, as exceptions
do constantly occur. This (April) seemingly is the season of the year for shedding of the bark. A
Mr. Taylor, native of Rylstone (a carpenter), says there is no difference in the timbers or in the habit of
the trees, ‘‘Slaty Gum” being only larger than “ Red Box.” Mr. James Holmes, Gulgong, who pointed
out to me the tree at Reedy Creek, calls “ Red Gum ”-and “ Slaty Gum” one andthe same ; Mr. Hatton,
living at Coomber, says that “Slaty Gum ” is nothing but “ Red Box.”

In 1905 Mr. Andrew Murphy, an experienced man, whose chief occupation
is the collection of Eucalyptus seed, wrote to me: “ Last week I went to Rylstone
intending to get the Rylstone Slaty Gum, Hucalyptus Dawsoni. I could not see any
difference between it and Hucalyptus polyanthema, and came to the conclusion that
they are identical. As I have a supply of 4. polyanthema on hand, I did not collect
more.”

The Rev. Dr. Woolls wrote me in 1891: “‘The Slaty Gum is the same as Red
Box, and has a splendid timber.”

Mr. Baker deals with the matter of Red Box and Slaty Gum in Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.W., xxi, 448, 1896, and I think the conclusion he then arrived at, to keep
the forms to which he referred under #. polyanthemos, was sound.

hid
@
2. EF. polyanthema, Schauer, var. glauca, R. 'T. Baker.
Mr. Baker does not, under ZL. polyanthemos (loc. cit.), name a variety, but at

ceo

page. 431 occurs the following passage :—‘ The most valued timber is perhaps ‘ Slaty
Gum,’ 2. polyanthema, var. glauca, var. noy., and J consider it a distinct gain to the
botany of the Colony to have the correct botanical sequence of this valuable tree

made clear.”

Glaucousness being a character of the species, it seems to me that to call one
form glauca would be inconvenient and could not be carried out in practice.

3. E. ovalifolia, R.T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 680, 1900 (parti).
“Red Box.” ‘Type localities given are Bathurst, Rylstone, and Camboon
(R. T. Baker); Hargraves, Mudgee to Wellington (A. A. Suttor); Gerogery
(L. Mann).
Mr. Baker (doc. cit.) speaks of “ the typical #. polyunthema, Sch., of Victoria,”
but the type comes from Bathurst, N.S.W., like that of 2. ovalifolia.

The full sentence reads, “It differs from the typical HH. polyanthema, Sch.,
of Victoria, which has a persistent Box-bark right out to the branchlets, larger and
orbicular shaped leaves, and larger fruits. The oils of the two species ( polyanthema
and ovalifolia) are not at all identical, but there is a resemblance in their timbers.”

TI expressed the opinion that some confusion had arisen in regard to
Mr. Baker's species. Some bud-bearing twigs kindly presented by Mr. Baker are
those of #. Baueriana, Schauer, var. conica, Maiden, or rather one of those inter-
mediate forms which show that it is impossible to separate #. Baueriana from its
variety. Mr. Smith’s report on the oil (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 682), in
which he says that “ there is very little difference in the constituents of this oil and
that of #. Fletcheri, Baker” (#. Baueriana, Schauer), seems to bear out that view.

On the other hand, Mr. Baker’s label says—‘“‘ LZ. ovalifolia, R.T.B. Red Box.
Hard, red-coloured durable timber ; bark rough at base.” This is a description of
EE. polyanthemos, Schauer.

I am therefore of opinion that, through inadvertence, ZL. oralifolia, R. T.
Baker, has been partly described from 4. polyanthemos, Schauer, and partly from
E. Baueriana, Schauer. Mr. Baker, however, says the statement that we have
mixed material is incorrect. (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxviii, 354.)

4. E. ovalifolia, R. T. Baker, var. lanceolata, R. T. Baker and H. G. Smith, in
“ Research on the Eucalypts,” p. 124.

See also R. T. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxviii, 355 (1903), where
he says: ‘‘ This tree very probably owes its differentiation to environment, for I have
only found it in rich, moist soil.”

While I state that I fail to see the propriety of carving out 4. Dawsoni and
LE. ovalifolia as species distinct from HH. polyanthemos, it is proper to point out what
Mr. Baker says on the other side (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxviii, 355).

112

e

I look upon &. polyanthemos as a very plastic species. I attach no undue
importance to the shape of the leaves, for in some districts they vary from nearly
circular to elliptical and thence to lanceolar of various widths. I have been amongst
clumps of this species where I have found the shapes of the leaves as variable as in
almost any species of the genus. Then their thickness varies a good deal according
to soil and situation, while the glaucousness depends upon the elevation and the
season of the year. ‘The bark varies greatly as to the roughness and as to the
distance it extends along the trunk and branches ; while some trees are gnarled and
spreading, and others are erect and with a straight, useful trunk. I never could
see any difference in the timbers of the various trees considered to be species or
varieties.

I have travelled extensively in districts where the trees under discussion are
found, and in Plates 58 and 59 have taken pains to try and bring the evidence
together pictorially.

Loe. cit., p. 356, Mr. Baker quotes Mr. Deane’s expression, “ var. 1. poly-
anthema.” This means, I take it, in herbarium language, that he considers his tree
to come under LF. polyanthema, though it is not strictly typical. It is a common
method of expression amongst botanists.

Then he quotes an expression that I used in connection with some
Wangaratta, Victoria, specimens, “big trees, glaucous all over,’ adding “ they
are certainly not #. polyanthema, Schauer, as such an expression could not apply to
a Box-barked tree.” Why not? I collected the specimens myself on the banks
of the King River, in January, 1900, and the trees had Box-bark, and were so
white that they looked as if they had been dusted in a flour-barrel. Some similar
specimens in the National Herbarium, Melbourne, from the same place (Wangaratta),
were labelled #. polyanthema by Mueller.

RANGE.

So far as we know at present, this species is confined to New South Wales and
Victoria. The type came from near Bathurst, and it has an extensive range in the
colder, drier districts of the two States. We want further inquiries as to its range,
both west and north.

VICTORIA.

“The Red Box (£. polyanthema) grows in places all over Victoria. The
timber is, however, as a rule, rather small, the boles and limbs crooked, in some
places so much so, for instance in the Havelock State Forest, as to be of no value
but for firewood.” (A. W. Howitt in litt.)

113

“Red Box” with red timber and gnarled greyish boxy bark. Euroa ;
Lilydale; Buchan, Gippsland. It grows on hillsides. (A. W. Howitt). Red Nob
(Metung to Boggy Creek, (J.H.M.). ‘ Bairnsdale Red Box.”

Wangaratta, handsome, spreading trees, glaucous all over (J.H.M.), hence
sometimes called “‘ Grey Box.”

“Hill Box,” Mt. Kosciusko Range, red wood (Findlay), probably on the
' Victorian side (National Herbarium, Melbourne).

“36. Eucalyptus polyanthemos, Schauer, l.c.n.5. Beyond Mount Disap-
pointment (Ferd. Muell.)” is a note by Miquel in Ned. Kruidk. Arch., iv (1886).

Snowy River (R. Rowe); Chiltern (A. W. Howitt) ; Maryborough (J. Black-
burne) ; Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt).

Red Hill, Heathcote (W.S. Brownscombe). ‘‘ Habit more upright-growing
than the usual form of #. polyanthemos. Foliage like Red Box on the lower
branches, gradually merging into lanceolate leaves towards the higher branches.
Bark like a typical polyanthemos.” (Note this remark on the variation of width
of leaves, which is especially common in this species).

New Soutn WatzEs.

South.—Corowa (G. H. Wiburd), Quiedong, Bombala. Bark persistent,
but deciduous on top of branches. 40-60 feet; 2 to 4 feet. Leaves and buds
glaucous. (W. Bauerlen.)

Tumberumba (Forester Taylor; W. Forsyth). ‘‘ Red Box,” “ Round Leaf
Gum,” “ Red Mahogany,” Kyamba, Wagga Wagga district (Forester Taylor).

** Red Box,’ Wagga Wagga District (W. Orr). Mr. Forester Taylor has the
following note on some other specimens: ‘ Red or round Shining-leaf Box. Yields
a very useful timber of a dark red colour. The only similarity between this and
Bimbil (Z. populifolia) is the roundish shiny leaves, which glisten in the sun.”
Personally I have never noticed shining, glistening leaves, though in HL. populifolia
this is common enough.

“ Round-leaf Gum,” Tumut (W. 8. Campbell). Tumut (H. Deane). Mr.
Deane has the following note: “‘ Deciduous, smooth bark; var. H. polyanthema.
Very like the Mudgee Slaty Gum. Sameas Red Box from Queanbeyan apparently.”’

“ Round-leaved Gum,” Tumut (W. W. Froggatt). Some of the leaves
tending to lanceolate. The fruits shiny, and showing the cracked appearance at the
orifice common in the species. ‘“ Red Box,’ Gilmore-road, Tumut (R. H.
Cambage).

“Red Box,” Gum-tree Bark, slightly flaky at base. Burrinjuck (R. H.
Cambage).

“Red Box” (Slaty Gum,’’) Queanbeyan (H. Deane).. In fruit, otherwise
not to be distinguished from the Bombala specimen. Fruits narrow, tapering at

orifice.
16)

114

Murrumbidgee district. So glaucous as to be called ‘ White Box ” (J. Duff).

* Red Box ”’ is a most durable timber, and is extensively used for fencing,
bridge building, railway sleepers, and wheelwrights’ work. It is almost invariably
found in company with Ironbark, and in some parts of my district there is a
considerable quantity, but close to Grenfell it is not so common, and is, therefore,
not much used (Forester John G. Postlethwaite, Grenfell). Bowning Hill (R. H.
Cambage).

West.—‘‘ Red Gum or Red Box,” Stuart Town (A. Murphy). “ Red Box,”
Stuart Town. ‘“ Plentiful all over the district; trees of fair size, with whitish
ribbony stems and glaucous tint throughout, leaves and branches pendulous, wood
hard but faulty” (J. L. Boorman). Mount McDonald, wid Cowra (R. H. Cambage
and J.H.M.). Bumberry, near Molong (J. L. Boorman).

“ Red Box,” Apsley, Bathurst (R. H. Cambage). ‘‘ Red Box,” Cow Flat,
Bathurst. Typical for L. ovalifolia, R. 'T. Baker (partim).

“Interior of Southern Australia, N. from Bathurst.” A. Cunningham
(Herb. Heward, then Herb. Lemann, now Herb. Cant.). Type of H. polyanthemos,
Schauer. Examined by me, and absolutely identical with the Stuart Town and
Bathurst specimens.

The following entry in Allan Cunningham’s manuscript journal refers to
LE. polyanthemos :—

“90th April, 1817. 18 miles W. of Bathurst. A species of Eucalyptus
rising about 20 feet, with obovate leaves, inflorescence umbelled and terminal, is at
this period just expanding its flowers on the sides of the hills.”

Bathurst to Sofala (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

“ Round-leaf Red Box” and “ Narrow-leaf Red Box.” On low land,
Merrindee, between Mudgee and Wellington (A. Murphy).

“Slaty Gum of the Mudgee district.’’ Cobborah (District Forester Marriott).

“Red Box,”’ Reedy Creek, near Gulgong. Narrow leaves ; big tree, glaucous
all over” (J. L. Boorman). ‘“Slaty Gum,” Reedy Creek. “Fine large trees
erowing on slight ridges away from the creek ; at this period (April) of the year the
stems are pure white with irregular patches of green; the bark is } inch thick,
falling away in long ribbons; the leaves and tips of branches are of a mealy white-
ness. Sapwood pale yellow, centre red” (J. L. Boorman). ‘‘ Red Box,” Gulgong.
“The whole of the tree of a silvery whiteness.” A second specimen with leaves
from lanceolate to ovate (J. L. Boorman).

“ Red Box or Slaty Gum,” rarely called “‘ Bastard Box.” Gulgong. “ Leaves
on shoots from nearly orbicular to nearly linear lanceolate” (J.H.M. and J. L.
Boorman).

“ Slaty Gum,” on ridges, Mudgee. “Smooth bark, good wood” (W. Woolls).
Note by Dr. Woolls on another specimen :—‘‘ Leaves vary, more lanceolate in the
large trees. Slaty Gum, L. polyanthema.”

115

“*Slaty Gum’ is considered the best in the district (Mudgee), but unfor-
tunately the supply is not equal to the demand. Grows in the district west of
Reedy Creek. Used for all work where toughness is required. Differs from Iron-
bark, inasmuch as the log when drying at the butt cracks in rings, while Ironbark
radiates from the centre”’ (Forest Ranger Marriott).

Mr. A. G. Hamilton (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xii, 277) states that the
“ Slaty Gum” is common on the ridges at’ Mudgee, where it does not attain a great
size, but on the flats at Tallewang it runs up into splendid trunks, which are much
used in bridge building, &c., and the timber is considered very durable.

“ Slaty Gum or Red Box,” Lue, Mudgee Line. ‘“ Fine large trees, 40 to 60
feet high, patchy or at times. quite smooth, white with patches of grey bark ; this is
more applicable to the large trees; the smaller are more of a scaly nature. The
latter designated ‘Red Box’; the larger ‘Slaty’ or ‘Spotted Gum’” (J. L.
Boorman).

*‘Slaty Gum,” Rylstone. “Large tall trees, clean stems, bark falling away
in long ribbons, leaving a clean white stem with patches of dark green, the tips of
the branches of a mealy, powdery whiteness, sap timber pale yellow, centre red”
(J. L. Boorman). :

‘Red Box,” Rylstone. ‘‘ Trees not so large as those known as ‘ Slaty Gum,’
and the bark is more sealy, but in wood and every other respect identical with Slaty
Gum” (J. L. Boorman).

“Red Box,” typical for H. ovalifolia, R. T. Baker, Rylstone (R. T. Baker).
See H. G. Smith, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xxxiv, 290). Labelled indifferently
“ Slaty Gum,” “Red Gum,” “Red Box,” Capertee. “‘ Some trees large and entirely
smooth-barked ; others small and stunted, with a ribbony bark. A large tree which
was felled showed narrow leaves at the top” (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman).

Following are some field notes :—

“Cullen Bullen to Capertee. ‘This species reminds one of Yellow Box (£.
melliodora) slightly—a ribbony gum on young trees, scaly bark when older, at least
as far as the first fork and often beyond. Handsome trees; wood red; we then
found a tree 3 feet in diameter, and reminding one a good deal of E. fereticornis,
the smooth part of a yellow cast. The buds of a yellowish cast and often a little
glaucous. Little conical opercula. Wood red. Very free flowerer. Fruits conoid”

(J.H.M.).
“Slaty Gum,” Bylong Creek, typical for #. Dawsoni, R. T. Baker.

* Red Box.” “ Mountain Gum. Murrumbo, Goulburn River; Camboon ;
Bylong (R. T. Baker). Three specimens showing transition from lanceolate leaves
to ovate.”

116

AE DN DRESS:

J. With EF. populifolia, Hook.

This is the “‘ Bimbil,” ‘ Bibble,” or “ Poplar-leaved Box.” #. populifolia
has shiny leaves, usually more fibrous bark, and a brown timber. The leaves on this
species, also, vary a good deal in width, as I have shown at pp. 339 and 342 of
Part X of this work. The anthers are very different.

2. With F£. Baueriana, Schauer.

This species has long been confused with 2. polyanthemos, which is the best
evidence that it is necessary to issue a caution on the subject, e.g., “ Wood close-
grained and twisted, very tough and so hard as to have given rise to the name of
Lignum Vitze for it in some regions of New South Wales” (Woolls). (Mueller in
* Hucalyptographia,” a passage which really refers to #. Baueriana, although
under LH. polyanthemos.) As regards herbarium specimens, those of H. Baueriana
are less glaucous and‘often more slaty-looking than #7. polyanthemos, leaves thinner,
the opercula less pointed, and the fruits more conical and with thinner rims. The
forester would not confuse the trees fora moment. The bark of #. Baueriana is
woolly up to the small branches, that of 2. polyanthemos being usually smooth or
ribbony. The timber of #. Baueriana is pale brown or brown, while that of
E.. polyanthemos is deep red. The anthers are similar.

3. With F. Rudderi, Maiden.

A species with narrow juvenile leaves and uniformly lanceolate mature
leaves, closely allied to #. polyanthemos. The anthers are similar. See #. Rudderi.

4. With F. melliodora, A. Cunn.

Sometimes these two species from bark alone are hard to discriminate. They
both may have scaly-box bark at the butt for a considerable distance, thereafter
ribbony bark or a ‘‘ White Gum” appearance.

The bark of HH. melliodora is more persistent than that of H. polyanthemos,
the ribbony bark, however, never descending so low down as in the latter. A man
might readily be forgiven if he called one polyanthemos tree a Box and another a
Gum, and as a matter of fact this is commonly done.

EH. melliodora has a very yellow inner bark and sapwood, with longer and
narrower and more pendulous leaves and fewer flowers. ‘The anthers are similar:
E. polyanthemos has .a white sap and red heart wood. #. polyanthemos has
comparatively narrow leaves at the top of the tree.

117
5. With E. tereticornis, Sm.

In the field #. tereticornis and E. polyanthemos when fully grown might
very readily be confused. ‘The smooth, gnarled trunk, with the bark falling off in
patches or in ribbons is common to both species, and knowing them so well I still
sometimes consider it prudent to procure a twig to decide the identity of a
particular tree. The timber of both trees is red, but the ordinary botanical
characters of the two species are very different.

6. With E. oligantha, Schauer.

“From Copeland Island, of which species I have not yet seen authentic
materials. Seems, according to description, very closely allied to #. polyanthemos;
differing chiefly in stiffer leaves, somewhat larger flowers, conical lid, and perhaps
the as yet unknown fruit” (Hucalyptographia under LH. polyanthemos).

This is a tropical species not likely to be confused with HL. polyanthemos.
The anthers are not truncate, the leaves are larger and coarser, never lanceolate; -
they are glabrous, the fruits are larger and more urceolate.

e

118

DESCRIPTION.
LXII. FE. Rudderi, Maiden.

In Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxix, 779 (1904).

“ A Red Box, 120 feet high, 2-3 feet in diameter” (A. Rudder, formerly Forester, July, 1885).
Mr. District Forester Hardiman also calls it “ Red Box.” It may perhaps be known as the ‘“‘ North Coast
Red Box” by way of distinction.

Juvenile leaves not seen in the youngest stage, but seen when still opposite. Medium lanceolate

and acuminate, 4-5 inches long and 1} broad, with petiole of } inch. The midrib often pink. Intra-

marginal vein at some distance from the edge, the lateral veins roughly parallel and forming part of a
delicate anastomosing arrangement. Texture thin ; margin undulate. I have seen no sign of glaucousness
so far, Twigs angular.

Mature leayes.—These do not appear to differ in any important character from the juvenile ones
save in losing their opposite character.

Buds.—Arrangement paniculate, the umbels usually 3 to 6 in number, the peduncles rather long,
the pedicels short and the calyx-tube tapering gradually into the pedicel; the operculum conoid. When
fresh the buds clavate ; the operculum dries to a point.

Flowers small ; anthers small, opening in terminal pores, like Z. polyanthemos and HL. melliodora.

Fruits small, conoid to subcylindrical, rim thin, and the indentations and fissures (common in
E. polyanthemos) absent or rare. Valves sessile and 5 in number in the specimens seen.

Bark.— Persistent and'like that on the trunk of Grey Box, #. hemiphloia” (A. Rudder). The
rough bark resembles that of “ Brush Box (Zristania conferta), but is slightly darker in colour, and extends
up to the small branches, further than that of White Box (#. hemiphloia)” (J. Hardiman).

Timber.—Wood dark red. Timber of a red colour (A. Rudder). Sapwood white, rest of wood
red. I cannot perceive any difference between its wood and that of #. polyanthemos.

I have a puzzling specimen from R. H. Cambage (No. 1,508, Moor’s Gully,
Pokolbin). It is a large Box tree of 100 feet. The specimens available are juvenile
and mature leaves, a few fruits, also a piece of bark and timber. The timber,
however, is decidedly brown and not red, and here is the difficulty. Perhaps the
timber has a greater range of colour than has been hitherto suspected.

RANGE:

ConFInED to New South Wales so far as we know at present. Following are
localities belonging to the Manning and Upper Hunter Rivers :—Cundletown, near
Taree (A. Rudder). This tree is by no means plentiful, but occurs in all the forests
adjacent to the coast, especially in the Counties of Gloucester and Macquarie. The
best I have seen are in the Parish of Bohnock, a few miles from Taree. , It appears
to favour stony ridges (J. Hardiman) ; near Cooloongoolook (A. Rudder) ; Baerami,
Upper Hunter (H. Deane).

: 119

Following is a locality at the foot of the Blue Mountains :—

At Higgs’ Farm, on the left bank of the Nepean, about 4 miles south of the
confluence with the Grose opposite Yarramundi (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

Here we have a southern locality :—

Blue Gum Gully, Thirlmere (C. F. Laseron, quoted by R. T. Baker, Proc.
Linn. Soc. NS.W., xxxi, 714).

It is evident that more careful search will extend the range of this species,
and we particularly want localities connecting those already given.

AFFINE Ft:

1. With EF. polyanthemos, Schauer.

The juvenile foliage being a character of fundamental importance, I feel I have no option in
separating the coast Red Box from /#. polyanthemos. It seems to stand in the same relation to &.
pelyanthemos that HL. conica does to L. Baueriana, and whether it should be looked upon as a variety. of
E. polyanthemos or a distinct species is a matter of opinion. While I propose the name H. Rudderv for it,
in honour of Mr. Augustus Rudder, others may be inclined to call it var. Rudderi of EB. polyanthemos.

The principal differences are indicated as follows :—

£. Rudder. E. polyanthemos.
Trunk with fibrous bark somewhat like the Trunk with flaky bark (like Z. tereticornis)
ordinary Grey Box (£. hemiphlova). or nearly smooth like a Gum.
Juvenile foliage lanceolar. Mature foliage Juvenile foliage broader, even tending to
thinner and more uniformly lanceolar. orbicular.

The above is a note to the original description, and is misleading to the
extent that I now do not think it can be viewed as other than a distinct species.

2. With F. Baueriana, Schauer, var. conica, Maiden.
Juvenile leaves of this variety glaucous, thicker than that of 4. Rudderi,
broader, often triplinerved, mature leaves narrower, fruits more conoid, timber
brownish.

3. With E£. crebra, F.v.M.

The anthers are different; /. crebra is an Ironbark with red timber. The
juvenile foliage of H. erebra is narrower and not so prominently veined. At the
same time fruiting twigs of the two species are often sufficiently similar for a word
of caution to be necessary.

4. With EF. quadrangulata, Deane and Maiden.

Tn the forest 2. quadrangulata much resembles EF. Rudderi, Maiden, of the North Coast, partly
from its growing in corresponding situations, and also because the tall straight boles and branches of each
are covered with similar grey Box-bark ; but the juvenile foliage and timber afford a ready means of
distinction to the field botanist. (R. H. Cambage in Proc. Linn. Soc. V.S.W., xxxi, 438.)

Mr. Cambage has sufficiently stated the case for the present, and I will refer
to the two species when I deal with #. quadrangulata,

120

DESCRIP BION:
LXIV. FE. Baueriana, Schauer.

In Walp. Repert. 11, 924; Suppl. i, 1843.

FoLLowt1neG is the original description :—

Ramulis patentib. subfastigiatis teretib. ; foll. coriaceis ovatis vy. subrhombeo-ovatis, basi obliqua in
petiolum longum contractis attenuatisve tenuiter acuminatis, margine cartilagineo subrevolutis undulatisq.
subglaucescentib. impunctatis reticulatis; umbellis 5-7 floris axillarib. terminalibq. subpaniculatis ;
pedunculis subteretib. petiolo triplo breviorib. ; pedicellis subangulatis cupulae turbinatae continuis eamq.
subaequantibus ; opereulo subeonico-hemisphaerico apiculato cupula triente breviore.—Foliorum lamina
2-23 poll. longa, 1+2 poll. lata, petiolus pollicaris, pedunculus 3-4 lin. metiens; cupula cum pedicello
3% lineam longa.—In Nova Hollandia legit F. Bauer.

The type is in the Vienna Herbarium (Herb. Musei Caesarei Palatini Vindo-
bonensis). It is in plump bud and expanded flower. It bears a label, in Schauer’s

handwriting, ‘‘ Eucalyptus Baueriana, Schauer, in Walp. Repert.”

Access to the type has enabled me to settle the identity of Schauer’s plant.
Collected by Ferdinand Bauer, it was doubtless obtained in the Port Jackson
district ; and it is the Lignum-vitz or Poplar-leaved Box, which was always looked
upon by Mueller as a form of “. polyanthemos, Schauer, and which, later on, was,
as will be indicated presently, recognised as a distinct species.

Bentham (B.FI. ui, 214, under #. polyanthemos) says :—‘‘ The tropical
specimens to which, from the character given, belongs H. Baweriana, Schau., in
Walp. Rep. ii, 924, have generally smaller flowers and fruits than the southern
ones, but do not otherwise differ.” Bentham is probably referring to certain
tropical specimens he thinks are referable to H. Baweriana, which were collected
by Bauer near the Gulf of Carpentaria, and which are #. alba. Walpers does not
say that H. Baueriana was collected in the tropics.

Mueller (Eucalyptographia, under 2. polyanthema) says :—‘* Bentham unites
with this [polyanthema| H. Baueriana, Schauer, the diagnosis of which agrees
sufficiently [with polyanthema]. . . . . Bauer most probably obtained his
specimens from the vicinity of Sydney, and not from the tropical regions of
Australia.”
Schauer.

HE. Baueriana, Miquel (Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 187), collected by Charles
Stuart in Tasmania, is #. Gunnit, Hook. f., var. acervula.

T understand that Mueller never saw a type specimen of #. Baueriana,

HH. Baueriana, Schauer, may be described in the following words :—

A tree of medium size,with rough dark bark on the trunk and ultimate branchlets. With a rounded
head of dense foliage.

Juvenile leaves from nearly orbicular to broadly lanceolate in shape, dark green on both sides,
thin, margin undulate, the intramarginal vein at a very considerable distance from the edge, venation
almost triplinerved at the base, distant from each other, and spreading.

121

Mature leaves ovate to nearly rhomboid-ovate, shortly acuminate, margins undulate, venation
rather distant from the edge, subtriplinerved, venation spreading, rather thin in texture. Lamina 2-24
inches long, 1-2 broad, with a peduncle of 3—4 lines.

Flowers five to seven in the axils of the leaves, the buds tapering gradually into the very short
pedicels, the opercula conical and pointed, the anthers very broad, truncate, and sometimes so widely opened
as to almost lose the appearance of pores terminally dehiscing. (Here we have evidence of transit between
the Eucalypts with truncate anthers and the 2. hemiphloia group of anthers.)

Fruits conoid, often widened at the flat, thin rim, capsule sunk.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

Aborignal Names.—George Caley (collector for Sir Joseph Banks, 1800-10)
gives the name of this species in the Sydney District (Counties of Cumberland and
Camden) as ‘‘ Nettaring’’ Box or “ Berryergro.” Later on Sir William Macarthur
gives the name ‘ Boorrayero-Gourroo” as the equivalent of the ‘True or Yellow
Box of Camden.” It is probable that ‘‘ Berryergro” and ‘“ Boorrayero” are the
same name, though what Macarthur’s “True or Yellow Box of Camden”’ is, is

>

uncertain, as herbarium specimens were not always carefully preserved in the early
days. In my “Forest Flora of New South Wales,” vol. i, 131, I have identified a
specimen as FE. hemiphioia, F.v.M., and the name may prove to be more or less
synonymous with “ Box.’’ The matter may perhaps be cleared up as additional
herbarium specimens collected by Sir William are discovered. ‘

SYNONYMS.

1. #. subrotunda, R.Br. :
2. E. polyanthemos, Benth., non Schauer.
3. E. Fleteheri, R. 'T. Baker.

1. E. subrotunda, R.Br.

I do not know whether Brown described this species. Even if it is a nomen
nudum, I think it right to draw attention to it, following the useful example of some
contributors to the “ Journal of Botany,” and others, in drawing attention to names
which have been extensively inscribed in important herbaria. The use of such
names should, however, be very carefully restricted.

2. EF. polyanthemos, Benth., non Schauer.

As already indicated, 2. Baueriana was, both by Bentham and Mueller,

looked upon as a form of 2. polyanthemos. It will be observed that in exhibition

literature and other publications our “ Lignum-vitz ” is referred to L. polyanth-
emos by other authors as well. + ,

Howitt’s remarks under /. polyanthemos in the top paragraph of page
96, Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., ii (1890), refer to H. Baueriana.
3. E. Fletcheri, R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S:W., xxv, 682 (1900).

This is absolutely typical for #. Baueriana, Schauer,
D

RANGE.

(Typical Form).

It extends from eastern Victoria along eastern New South Wales to southern
Queensland. It has been found in coastal New South Wales as far north as Single-
ton, and then there is a great gap until New England, near Stanthorpe, in Queensland,
is reached. It is obvious that connecting localities require to be searched for.

VICTORIA.

This is a tree formerly known in Victoria as LH. polyanthemos, being included,
with the Red Box, under that name, by Mueller. The late Dr. A. W. Howitt
deserves the credit of working out the range of H. Baweriana in Gippsland. In
that portion of Victoria it is known as “Cabbage Box.” It occurs about Metung,
Nowa Nowa (an arm of Lake Tyers), Heyfield, and Bairnsdale, on the littoral strip
about the Lakes’ entrance, also on river flats only. It does not occur in South
Gippsland.

I found it called ‘‘ Apple Box” around Metung, and have received it from
the Werribee River from the late C. Walter.

New Sourn WAtgs.

George’s River (collected by Robert Brown, 1802-5). Distributed from the
British Museum at least as early as 1876, under the number 4,734, under the name
of H. subrotunda, and also that of #. polyanthemos, Schauer).

Grose River and banks of Nepean River, near its confluence with the Grose.
Robert Brown collected here about May, 1803, and January, 1805. Mr. R. H.
Cambage and I collected it here

North Richmond, near the Hawkesbury Agricultural College (C. T. Musson).
Richmond (W. Woolls). Dr. Woolls always called it Lignum vitae or Poplar-leaved
Box. The three last localities are near to each other.

Penrith (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman). St. Mary’s, South Creek (R. T.
Baker). Type of #. Fletcheri.

All the above localities are Sydney to the Blue Mountains.

* Blue Box,” Bankstown and Cabramatta (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman);
Liverpool (H. Deane); Edensor Park, Liverpool (J.H.M.); Glenfield to Minto and
George’s River (J. L. Boorman).

Thirlmere (W. Cuneo). Co-type of #. Fletcheri. Also collected by R. H.
Cambage. Milton (R. H. Cambage), who furnishes the note : ‘‘ Bark rough up to
ultimate branchlets.” Mr. J. S. Allen, Inspecting Forester of the district, says that
it occurs from Milton to Eden.

I collected it about Pambula. At the saw-mill there it is known as “ Black
Box,”’ because of the dark foliage of the tree. The timber is much valued locally,
though in this district itis rare to get a log large enough for miiling purposes,

123

The rough bark is up to the ultimate branchlets. [t is hard to grub out, and it
suckers badly. It seems to be usually found in good land. It also goes by the
names of “ Round-leaf Box” and “ Brown Box.”

The above are localities south coastal from Sydney.

Putty, via Singleton (A. C. Barwick, through R. T. Baker). This is the
only New South Wales locality north of Sydney recorded.

QUEENSLAND.
“<A Box-tree growing 13 miles out from Stanthorpe, with bark like hemiphloia,
and continuing rough out to the young limbs. Timber very hard. Fruits very

large.’ (A. Murphy).

Variety conica, Maiden.

In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. xxvii, 216 (1902). #. conica, Deane and Maiden,
ib. xxiv, 612 (1899).
Following is the original description :—

A Box of medium size ; a pretty, graceful tree, with pendulous branches.

Vernacular names.—“ Fuzzy Box,” “Bastard Box,” “ Yellow Box,” “Grey Box” or “ Woolly
Butt,” “ Apple Box.”

Bark.—Of the ordinary ‘‘box” character, but in districts where the two trees grow together
rougher than that of #. hemiphloia; persistent in all cases, right on to the small branches.

Timber.—Reddish-yellow, and very tough when dry; much redder than ordinary Box (R. H.
Cambage). [It is brown as compared with that of 2. polyanthemos, or Red Box.]

Juvenile leayes.—Pale green, not glaucous ; broadly ovate; the intramarginal vein considerably
distant from the margin, and, with the midrib, giving the leaf a triplinerved appearance.

Mature leaves.—Lanceolate, ultimately narrow-lanceolate, and, say, 4 inches long by half an inch
broad ; varying, however, in length and width, and some branchlets including very wide leaves; the
intramarginal vein is distinctly removed from the edge of the leaf, although this is of course less marked
in the case of narrow leaves ; the venation is oblique, but few of these secondary veins are as prominent
as the intramarginal vein. The foliage is drooping and has frequentiy long stalks.

Buds.—Clavate, the calyx-tube greatly exceeding the operculum in size; the operculum nearly
hemispherical, with a small umbo; the calyx-tube tapering gradually to the common point of attachment
to the stalk, the buds being sessile.

Flowers.—This is a very floriferous species ; the inflorescence is arranged in panicles of several
inches, the individual umbels having a maximum of six or seven flowers. Stigma hardly dilated ; anthers
small, opening in terminal pores, all fertile and inflected in the bud.

Fruits.—Narrow conical (hence the specific name), tapering to the point of attachment of the
common stalk. Often not quite symmetrical, and somewhat pear-shaped. Greatest length, say, $ inch by,
say, ¢ inch broad. Thin rim; the valves, which are three or four and very small, are deeply sunk. Of
a pale brown colour and shining.

Contrasted with #. Baueriana, Schauer, the chief characters of the variety
appear to be :—Larger, more erect tree, foliage narrower and pendulous, fruits
smaller. Although different enough at first sight as regards the typical forms, the
present form is indubitably, in my opinion, the western or usually narrow-leaved
form of #. Baueriana, but it insensibly connects with the typical species found on the
coast or tablelands. The type species has also more glaucous leaves than the
(usually) more interior form. Further, the often broad juvenile leaves, and the
broad mature leaves especially common on the northern table-land present, to me,
an insuperable barrier to keeping the two forms apart as distinct species.

124:

RANGE:

Found in much of the country west of the Dividing Range and its spurs,
forming, with 2. hemiphloia, H. odorata and other species, much of the ‘ Box” in
the western country.

New Sourn Watts.

West of Wyalong, “Apple Box” (R. H. Cambage). ‘‘ White Box,” Wyalong
(District Forester Osborne).

“ Bimble Box,” Grenfell (District Forester Arthur Osborne). ‘The mistake
of confusing this with the true Bimble Box (2. populifolia), or rather of applying
this name to a second Hucalypt, is common in the district, and should be discouraged.

Weddin Forest Reserve (J.H.M.); Young (W. W. Froggatt); Cowra, a
** Box’ with persistent bark on small branches (H. Deane). Banks of the Lachlan,
6 miles south-east of Cowra; also 2 miles north-east of Cowra, a “Grey Box”? or
“White Box” (R. H. Cambage). ‘Grey Box, drooping branches, bark rougher
than hemiphloia or its var. albens. Kesembles Stuartiana so much that on the
Lachlan it is called ‘Apple Box.’ Wood much redder (sic) than ordinary Box ;
grey bark to top of branches.”’ Two miles north-east of Cowra (R. H. Cambage).

“Morongle trees.” Sent by G. W. Orr from Morongle Creek, near Cowra.
Said to be the blacks’ name, but now not in use. “Box” or “ Apple” (BR. H.
Cambage).

Murga (H. Deane) ; Forbes district (H. Deane; also 8. H. Cambage); Parkes
(H. Deane). ‘‘ This is what I think is the ‘ Blue Box,’ only the capsules are much
smaller than those I got in Queensland (Stanthorpe).” Forbes (A. Murphy).

Eumungerie, Dubbo District, ‘‘ White Box,’ (Assistant Forester A. R.
Samuels). ‘‘Tall pendulous trees of 40-60 feet; 4-6 feet in diameter. Known
locally as Blue Box and Fuzzy Box. Grows in moist sandy localities.” Dubbo (J.
L. Boorman). Dubbo (R. H. Cambage, also J. V. de Coque). It is the “‘ Grey
Box, No. 2” of Mr. de Coque’s notes. ‘‘ Blue Box,” Minore (J. L. Boorman).
Tomingley, Peak Hill, Narromine and Dubbo (J. H. M.).

Bidden Road, 7 miles northerly from Gilgandra, sucker leaves broadish (R.
H. Cambage, No. 1,091).

“Buzzy Box,’ Wellington. ‘ Formerly looked upon as #. largiflorens.”
(Received from Rev. Dr. Woolls with this information.) Banks of Mitchell’s Creek,
between Gulgong and Wellington (A. Murphy). The juvenile leaves very thin,
showing marked venation, and rather narrow.

Gulgong (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman). In swampy or low-lying country,
rarely on hills; sometimes known as “ Bastard Box.’’ With broader leaves than
those of the Dubbo trees ; the juvenile leaves identical with those of the coast form,
even if not quite so broad. The stems of the suckers are yellow, turning red later.

125

The tree has a glaucous cast of foliage like #. polyanthemos ; the surrounding trees
of F. hemiphtoia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa, Maiden, are glabrous. Known locally as
* Fuzzy Box,” or “ Bastard Box.” with rough bark up to the branchlets. The fuzzi-
ness or woolliness of the bark is a useful diagnostic character in this species. The
timber is hard to cut,but more chippy and short grained (brittle) than #. hemiphlova.
It is locally esteemed as a durable timber and a valuable firewood. The bark and
timber appear to be in no way different from the coast or typical form.

Merriwa (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman), with much Loranthus on it. On the
river flats and taluses of the ridges—a usual situation.

Clarence Siding, Blue Mountains (J. L. Boorman).

The above are western localities, and the Blue Mountains locality brings this
form much nearer Sydney than it was previously known to occur.

Following are northern localities :—

** A Box-tree. Bark not so woolly as on Lachlan River trees; same red

twigs. About } mile south of cemetery, on granite, 2,800 feet above sea-level,
Tingha”’ (KR. H. Cambage, No. 993).

Bolivia.—Bark persistent to smallest branches (H. Deane). With broadish
leaves.

Wallangarra, abundant. Flowering in the broadish-leaved stage. With
pink filaments in some flowers (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman).

Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn). Some specimens with
broadish leaves.

The broadish leaved forms of var. conica, almost as broad as that of the
typical form, are especially common in northern localities.

QUEENSLAND.

Wilson’s Peak, Macpherson Range, on the Queensland as well as the New
South Wales side of the border (W. Dunn and J.H.M.).

Wallangarra, on the Queensland as well as the New South Wales side of the

border (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.).

Texas, with quite narrow leaves (J. L. Boorman).

pedebie lg ase

1. With F. polyanthemos, Schauer.
That it is liable to be confused with this species is evident when it is borne
in mind that eminent botanists have confounded them. Following are some points
in which they differ :—

126

a. The bark of #. Baueriana is fibrous, “fuzzy,” or woolly; that of F.
polyanthemos being, as a rule, ribbony rather than box-like.

aS

. The wood of #. Baueriana is pale brown, and that of H. polyanthemos red.

c. The leaves of #. Baueriana are thinner, and the rim of the fruit likewise
thinner than that of #. polyanthemos.

2. With F. hemiphloia, F.v.M.

The fruits of this species are sub-cylindrical, not conical as is the case with
E. Baueriana. The var. conica of E. Baueriana is more likely to be confused with
the western form of H. hemiphloia (var. microcapa, Maiden), than are the coast
forms. HH. hemiphloia has the true box-bark. The timber of #. hemipholia is
paler than that of #. Baueriana.

3. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn.

The two species are confused in some herbaria. #. bicolor is a western
species, and can only be confused with the var. conica of H. Baueriana. But their
fruits will readily separate them; the timber of #. bicolor is red. Both species
have subfibrous (‘ box ’’) bark.

4. With EF. Rudderi, Maiden.

This species is, as regards herbarium specimens, very likely to be confused
with var. conica. ‘The foliage of #. Rudderi is thinner, the fruits less conical, and
the timber red.

5. With £. Stuartiana, F.v.M.

Its resemblance to var. conica on the Lachlan River is so close that it goes
under the name of “ Apple Box,” #. Stuartiana being known as “Apple.” The
leaves of H. Stuartiana are thicker and longer, the fruits have exsert valves, and
the fruit is paler and altogether inferior.

127

DESCRIPTION:
[XV. E. eneorifolia, DC.

In Prod. iii, 220 (1828), with fig. in DC. Wém. Myrt. t. 9.

Following is the original description :—

34, EH. eneorifolia, operculo hemisphaerico submutico cupula turbinata breviore, pedunculis tere-
tiusculis axillaribus petioli longitudine, floribus 5—7 capitatis, foliis lineari aut oblongo-lanceolatis mucronatis
basi aequaliter attenuatis coriaceo-crassiusculis. Nova-Hollandia ad oram orientalem et in insula a Gallis
Decrés dicté. Alabastra cum operculo 4 lin. longa obtusa ad apicem pedunculis sessilia. Petioli 4 lin.
longi. Fol. 2 poll. longa 6 lin. lata, nervo medio unico prominulo. (v.s.)

On making inquiries in regard to this species at the De Candollean Prodromus
Herbarium, I became indebted to M. Casimir De Candolle for two specimens, with
the following information :—

34, Sub Z. cneorifolia, DC., species duz manifestz adsunt in Hb. Prodromi, a DC. confuse, quarum
altera foliis Jinearit lanceolatis (vide diagnosis), altera foliis oblongo-lanceolatis gaudet, ceterum nervatione,
colore, habitu, dimensionibus facile distinguenda.

1. Species foliis /ineari-lanceolatis habitu virgato, &e.

Eucalyptus
Nile Hollande, ile Decrés
Musée de Paris, 1821.

2. Species foliis oblongo-lanceolatis etiquette originale.

Eucalyptus viminalis
Nouvelle Hollande, Coté orientale
Musée de Paris, 1821.

No. 1 is #. cneorifolia, DC., as we understand it now.

No. 2 appears to be #. dumosa, A. Cunn. (incrassata, Labill.), which grows
within a stone’s throw of plenty of H. cneorifolia on Kangaroo Island.

My identification of No. 2 may, perhaps, give a clue to Bentham’s remarks :—
This comes near to some narrow-leaved forms of #. dwmosa, but the fruit is quite different, nearer
to that of #. oleosa, and the anthers are very much smaller. (4./7. iii, 217.)

It was subsequently described in English by Bentham (B.F1. iii, 217), who
quotes the species “‘ DC. Prod. iii, 220, and Mém. Myrt. t. 9, from the char. and
fig.,’ and as a synonym gives “ /. santalifolia, F. Muell., in Trans. Vict. Inst., 35,
partly.” Mueller’s localities for 1. santalifolia are “In the mallee scrub on the
Murray River, on St. Vincent’s and Spencer’s Gulfs.” It will be observed that he
included plants from localities hundreds of miles apart under the same description,

128

and in distributing specimens of 2. santalifolia more than one species could easily
be sent out under such a method. At all events, if the localities are correct, the
description of #. santalifolia cannot include H. cneorifolia, which is confined to
Kangaroo Island, so far as we know at present. Ihave referred to the #. santali-
folia conundrum at pages 199, 200 of Part VII, Vol. 1, of this work.

Bentham’s description of 1. cneorifolia is quite satisfactory, except as regards
the anthers, which, instead of being described as “very small, nearly globular, with
distinet parallel cells,” should be described as “large anther, the individual anther
masses smallish, but the cells wider and thicker at the base, and with a moderately
large gland at the back. The filament attached at the base, or nearly so.” _E. oleosa
has a very similar anther.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia) makes #. cneorifolia, DC., a synonym of LE.
stricta, Sieb., and his remarks in the text may be read in conjunction with my own
entitled “The confusion between FH. stricta, Sieb., and FH. cneorifolia, DC,” at
page 279, Part IX, Vol. 1 of this work.

Mueller omits 2. cneorifolia, DC., from his ‘‘ Second Census,” apparently
continuing to hold the view that it is conspecific with #. stricta, Sieb., a view he
could not have held had he studied the species in the field.

The wood (of 2. cneorifolia) is exceedingly tough and rigid. Fishermen prefer it for “preels”
(short pieces affixed to their fish-lines to keep the snooded hooks away from the principal line). -Wine-
makers like the wood for plugs for their vats, as the wood does not batter and split when hammered. The
trees are mallees. In some places stems may be cut 12 inches in diameter, but usually they are as thick
asaman’sarm. (A. Molineux, in /itt.)

> VINO NAMES.

(#. gnevrifolia, G. Don, in Gen. Syst. ii, 820, and LH. enervifolia, Walp.,
Rep. ii, 164, are misprints for #. cneorifolia, DC.).
1. E. stricta, R.Br. non Sieb.
2. E. hypericifolia, Link.
3. E. myrtiformis, Naudin (probably).

1. E. stricta, R.Br. non Sieb.

The specimens from Kangaroo Island labelled L. stricta by Robert Brown
(Iter 1802-5) were described by him in MS., and a number of specimens were
distributed under that name. They are referable to what was described as
E. cneorifolia, DC,, later on, and consequently not identical with Sieber’s . stricta,

129

2. E. hypericifolia, Link.
M. Casimir de Candolle, owner of the De Candollean Herbarium, has had the
kindness to send mea specimen with the following information :—

45, E. hypericifolia (Dum-Cours, ?) Lk. Etiquette originale.

Eucalyptus hypericifolia Dum. (a) (a) Manus Ottoni.
Mr. Otto, 1826.
Jardin de Berlin, (6) (6) Manu Seringei Conservatori.

Obs. I] n’existe pas, dans Herbier du Prodromus, d’échantillon authentiquant lespéce de
Dumont-de Courset.. Le rameau stérile qui s'y trouve, répresente la plante de Zink et a trait, par
consequent aux 4 derniéres lignes de l’article 45 du Prodromus.

The vague original description is as follows :—
E. hypericifolia Link. Enum. 2, p. 30, quam ex hort. berol. sine flore recepi, habet folia alterna
brevissime petiolata feri linearia utrinque acuminata coriacea sub lente punctulata. An eadem ?
I am of opinion that this specimen (£. hypericifolia, Link) is referable to
EH. cneorifolia, DC. LE. hypericifolia, Dum-Cours, doubtfully referred to Link’s
species, is probably referable to E. Risdoni.

3. EF. myrtiformis, Naudin, 2nd Mem. p. 50.

Copy of a label in Herb. Mus. Paris :—‘‘ Hucalyptus myrtiformis, Naudin,
Villa Thuret, Alpes Maritimes. Cult. M. Naudin. Regu en Mars 1890.”

This is probably Z. cneorifolia, DC., but the anthers are not ripe. Are
flowers and fruits available for examination ? &

M. Naudin knows only one plant, a shrub growing at the Villa Thuret. He
points out that the buds remain two years before opening—a not uncommon thing
with Eucalypts in Australia.

RANGE.

Ir is confined to,Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Mr. Walter Gill, Conservator
of Forests in that State, has informed me that he has not coilected it on the iron-
stone formation, and that he has only found it on limestone country—20 miles from
Queenscliff is the furthest he has found it.

Mr. Gill adds: ‘‘ Mr. Hartland Strawbridge, resident on the island for some
time, has found it abundantly in the Hundreds of Dudley, Menzies, MacGillivray,
and Haines. Speaking broadly, it is the eastern end of the island which grows it
most, as the Hundreds indicated form a group of the eastern part. It further
appears that while in these Hundreds it does occur on ironstone country as well as
limestone—yet it is seldom seen much where the Yucca (Xanthorrhea)grows on the
ironstone. I think I am right in saying it is not usually plentiful on ironstone.
I know I saw none for many, many miles when years ago I went westward to De
Mole River all on ironstone country.”

£

130

AFPPINITIES.

1. With E. virgata, Sieb. var. stricta, Maiden (£. stricta, Sieb.).

I have drawn attention. to the subject twice already, and also refer to Part
IX, where Z#. virgata is depicted and described. Furthermore, Z. virgata is confined
to New South Wales, and #. cneorifolia to Kangaroo Island.

2. With #. santalifolia, F.v.M.

I have made some observations on the subject already, and will refer to the
confusion in synonymy when I come to /. pachyloma, Benth. There is no close
affinity between the two species.

3. With E. incrassata, Labill. (vars. conglobata, R.Br., and dumosa, F.v.M.).

The superficial resemblance between the ripe fruits, in dense clusters, and
those of H#. incrassata, var. conglobata, is remarkable. The ripe buds, “ egg-in-
egg-cup,” also display a considerable resemblance to those of var. dwmosa. The
narrowness of the leaves, and the redness of the timber, however, sharply separate
LE. cneorifolia from any form of F. incrassata.

4, With EF. decipiens, Endl.

Fruiting twigs of the narrow-leaved form of #. decipiens may be superficially
so similar to those of #. cneorifolia that a word of caution is necessary. The
mature leaves of H. decipiens are normally much wider, and so also are the juvenile
leaves. The opercula of F. decipiens are much longer, and more acute. The timber
of H. decipiens is brittle, softer, paler, and not lasting, and the bark is of the
“ woolly-butt ”’ class, which that of . eneorifolia is not.

5. With E. uneinata, Turcz. .

Here again a word of warning may be necessary, for imperfect herbarium
material of the two species may perhaps be confused. ‘he mature leaves are often
equally narrow, but the juvenile leaves of #. wncinata are broader. The leaves of
the latter species are less rich in oil. The filaments of H. wncinata have a kink
which is not observable in those of #. eneorifolia. The timber of ZH. uncinata is
browner.

6. With FE. angustissima, F.v.M.

This is another narrow-leaved species, and I will refer to the affinity to
E. cneorifolia when T come to #. angustissima,

3a.

4a.

offer)

131

Explanation of Plates (57-60).
PLATE 57.

E, affinis, Deane and Maiden,

Juvenile leaves. Stuart Town, N.S.W. (A. Murpby.)

Juvenile leaf, a little further advanced, but still in the opposite stage. Stuart Town. (J. L,
Boorman.)

Mature leaf ; 36, angular buds; 3c, anther, showing dehiscence ; 3d, fruits, angular, and not quite
ripe, of “ 'Tallow-tree.” Murrumbidgerie, N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)

Small fruits, showing rim ; 46, small fruits of ‘ White Ironbark.’’ Grenfell-road, from Cowra,
N.S.W. .(R. H. Cambage.)

Fruits, 7 miles east of Parkes, N.'S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)

Coarse, angular fruits of “ Black Box.” Lue, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Fruits, rather spheroidal in shape, probably referable to Z. afiinis, though with some doubt.
Wallangarra, New South Wales—Queensland border. (J. L. Boorman.)

£. paniculata, Sm.

. Twig, with leaf, buds, and flowers; 8b, anthers. Collected by Robert Brown at Port Jackson,

1802-5, and distributed by the British Museum under the number 4,736.

. Leaf; 96, large fruits (by no means rare in the species) ; 9c, small fruits, all from Ryde, Port

Jackson (J.H.M.)

. Leaf ; 100, flowers ; 10c, anther of Sieber’s “Fl. Nove Holl., No. 468.” See p. 107.

Juvenile leaf. Wingello, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

Bulbous swelling in seedling. Woy Woy, N.S.W. (A. Murphy). This swelling is very common in
seedlings belonging to this genus, and the cause has not been investigated so far as I am aware.
It is presumably to be attributed to the action of bacteria.

Tapering fruits. Casino, N.S.W. (District Forester W. P. Pope.)

Sub-cylindrical fruits. Wyong, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Fruits, showing rim. Nowra, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

Fruits, showing slight exsertion of valves, which is not rare in this species. Wingello, N.S.W.
(J.H.M, and J. L. Boorman.)

. Small fruits, showing marked rim ; 176, end view of a fruit. Conjola, N.S.W. (W. Heron.)

Small fruits. Kincumber, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)

Very small fruits with distinct rim and yalves distinctly exserted. ‘Grey Ironbark.” Williams
River district. (J. L. Boorman.)

Small fruits, valves distinctly exserted. ‘‘Grey Ironbark.” Eight-mile Plains, Brisbane, Queensland.
(J. L. Boorman. )

Flowering twig of a slender, narrow-leayed form, which is apt to be confused (from superficial
examination) with #. crebra. Moolah, Kurrajong district, N.S.W. (Rev. Dr. Woolls.) This
is var. augustifolia, Benth. See p. 104.

PLATE 58,

E. polyanthemos, Schauer,

1. Twig drawn from a co-type of the species. ‘“ Interior of Southern Australia, north of Bathurst. A.

Cunningham.” (Herb. Heward.)

2a. Mature leaf; 2b, buds. Mt. McDonald, near Cowra, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
3a and 3b. Mature leaves (note the comparative difference in width); 3c, fruits, “Red Gum” or Red

Box.” Stuart Town, N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)

4, Mature leaf, “Slaty Gum.” Dubbo, parish of Blackheath, (District Forester C. Marriott.)

132

5a. Intermediate leaf ; 56, mature leaf of “Slaty Gum,” ‘‘Red Gum,” “ Narrow-leaved Red Box,” from
Merrindee (Mudgee to Wellington), N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
6a. Juvenile leaf ; 66, mature leaf, ‘‘ Round-leaved Red Box.” Merrindee. (A. Murphy.)
7a. Mature leaf ; 76, buds ; 7c, fruits of type specimen of /. ovalifolia. R.'T. Baker, Cow Flat, Bathurst,
N.S.W. - :
8a and 8b. Mature leaves, and 8c, fruits of #. ovalifolia, R. T. Baker, Rylstone, N.S.W. (R. T. Baker).
9a and 9b. Mature leaves; 9c, buds; 9d, fruits of type specimen of “Slaty Gum,” #, Dawsoni.
R. T. Baker, from Bylong, N.S. W.
10a. Juvenile leaf; 10, mature leaf; 10c, fruits; 10d, end view of a fruit; 10e, 10f anthers. ‘“‘ Red
Box” or “Slaty Gum.” Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M., and J. L. Boorman).
lla and 116. Mature leaves of “Slaty Gum.” Reedy Creek, near Gulgong. (J. L. Boorman.)
12a. Mature leaf ; 120, fruits, “Slaty Gum.” Rylstone. (J. L. Boorman).
13a, 13b. Mature leaves, “Slaty Gum ” or “ Red Box.” Lue, Mudgee Line. (J. L. Boorman.)

PLATE 59.
E. polyanthemos (continued).

1. Juvenile leaf. ‘Red Box.” Red Nob, Metung to Boggy Creek, Victoria. (J.H.M.)
2a. Intermediate leaf ; 26, mature leaf, ‘‘ Red Box.” Bairnsdale, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)
3a. Mature leaf; 3b, fruits, “Red Box.” Wangaratta, Victoria. (J.H.M.)

E. Rudderi, Maiden.

4a. Juvenile leaf ; 4b, intermediate leaf. Taree, N.S.W. (District Forester Hardiman.)
5a. Mature leaf ; 56, buds ; 5c, anther; 5d, fruits. Taree. (Augustus Rudder.)

FE. Baueriana, Schauer.

6. Juvenile leaf. Thirlmere, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)

7. Juvenile leaf. Penrith, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman. )

8a, 8b. Mature leaves; 8c, buds; Sd, anther from type, labelled ‘ Eucalyptus Baueriana, Schauer in
Walp. Repert,” in Schauer’s handwriting in the Vienna herbarium. The original was probably
collected at George’s River or Grose River, near Sydney.

9a, 96, not perfectly ripe fruits, from junction of Grose and Nepean Rivers, where Robert Brown and .
Ferdinand Bauer are known to have collected in 1803. (R. H. Cambage, and J.H.M.)

10. Fruits, with short pedicels. North Richmond, N.S.W. (close to the locality of 9). (C. T. Musson).

lla. Fruits ; 112, end view of same. Stanthorpe, Queensland. (A. Murphy.)

12. Buds with pointed opercula. Ulladulla, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)

PLATE 60.
E. Baueriana, Schauer, var. conica, Maiden.

la. Juvenile leaf; 1b, mature leaf; 1c, buds ; ld, fruits. Merriwa, N.S.W. (J.H.M., and J. L. Boorman.)

2a, 2b. Juvenile leaves, “rather old.” 6 miles south-east of Cowra. (R. H. Cambage.)

3. Mature leaf (note its width). Harvey Range. (J. L. Boorman.)

4a Mature leaf; 46, buds; 4c, fruits, Wallangarra (New South Wales—Queensland border). (J. L.
Boorman. )

5. Juvenile leaf, rigid and thick. Dubbo, N.S.W. (R.H. Cambage.) .

6. Intermediate leaf, showing great comparative breadth. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M.,andJ. L. Boorman.)

7a, 7b. Mature leaves; 7c, front and back view of anther ; 7d, fruits. Dubbo, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

8a. Mature leaf ; 8b, buds. Tomingley to Narromine, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

9. Mature leaf (note its width). Morongle Creek, near Cowra, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)

10. Juyenile leaf. Mitchell’s Creek (Gulgong to Wellington), N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)

1383

E. cneorifolia, D.C.

lla, Twig bearing buds ; 116, bud, enlarged; llc, fruits, being reproductions of portions of the original
drawings of Hucalyptus cneorrtolia, DC. in “ Mémoire sur la Famille des Myrtacées” par Aug.
Pyr. De Candolle (1842). Pl. 9.
The fruits are probably those of #. cneorifolia, and the mix-up is referred to at p 280,
Vol 1 of this work, as well as in the present Part. \
12. On the original of this specimen in the De Candollean (Prodromus) herbarium are the following
notes :—
(a) “34 (see DC. Prod. 11, 220, J.H.M.) Sub Z. eneorifolia, D.C., species dus manifeste
adsunt in Hb. Prodromi, a DC. confuse &c.”
(6) “ Eucalyptus Nlle Hollande, ile Decrés, Musée de Paris, 1821.”
(ec) “(1) Species foliis /inearis-lanceolatis habitu virgato, &e.”
This is the plant we know as /. cneorifolia, D.C.
13. This is drawn from another plant in the Prodromus herbarium. It bears the notes —
(a) “45. #. hyperierfolia (Dum. Cours) Lk. Etiquette originale.”
(6) “ Bucalyptus hypericifolia, Dum. (Manus Ottoni).”
(c) “Mr. Otto, 1826, Jardin de Berlin (Manu Seringei Conservatori).”
The upper surface of this leaf shows channelling, and the plant is what we now know as
E. cneorifolia, D.C.
14a. Juvenile leaf; 144, mature leaf; 14c, 14d, anthers; 14e, fruits of ‘ Narrow-leaf.” Hog Bay,
Kangaroo Island, 8.A. (J.H.M.)
15a. Buds, with calyx broader than operculum ; 15d, fruits. These were from a different individual to
14, but the species is the same. From same place and date.
16. Twig of #. myrtiformis, Naudin. Villa Thuret, Alpes Maritimes, France. (Cult. Naudin.)

£. marginata, DC.

17. In Part VITI, fig. 1, pl. 40, a seedling of #. calophylla, R. Br., was depicted as 2. marginata, Sm.,
through inadvertence. A figure of a seedling of #. marginata, Sm., is now given.

The seedling of this species is different to that of any other species of the genus with which
I am acquainted, in the matter of its mainly subterranean petioles (which in some cases are
three in number).

The seedling is described in the following passage, but it will be observed that there is no
reference to the subterranean petiole, nor does the figure show such :—

“The long petioles show a transition to a still more remarkable type occurring in
Li. marginata (fig. 343), in which the hypocotyl is subterranean and extremely short, while this
deficiency is compensated for by the length of the petioles. The lamina is obcordate, cuneate
and trinerved, resembling a Brassica.” Lubbock “On Seedlings,” i, 526,

The backs of the cotyledon leaves show a slight purple tint. :

The hypocotyl is, in this species, a mere thickening at the “root-commencement,” and at
this point the distance of the insertion of the petioles of the cotyledon leaves to the ground-line
is considerable. As a rule, the hypocotyl, or hypocotyledonary portion of the stem, is measured
from the ground-line to the insertion of the petioles of the cotyledon leaves.

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acmenioides, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewst, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).
Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii).

capitellata, Sm. (xxvii).

Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).

corvacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemuphloia, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).

Iuehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi).

macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).

maculata, Hook. (vil).

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).

mucrocorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil)
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Heérit. (xxii).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (viii).
pulularis, Sm. (xxxi).
prpertta, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Siebertana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and other

illustrations.

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—-1911.

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. Eu, OW:

M.Flockipn

EUCALYPTUS AFFINIS, Deane anp Marpen (1-7).
Be PANICULATA, ism, (8-21);

BE oo:

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

M.Flockion.

EUCALYPTUS POLYANTHEMOS, Scnaurr.

59.)

(See also PI.

a

PL. 59.

Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

ss

ke
=

STF

\

\\ y
a

AP

M.-Flockie

58.

See also PI.

EUCALYPTUS POLYANTHEMOS, Scuaver (1-8).

E. RUDDERI, Mawen (4-5).

2a

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

M .Flookk

EUCALYPTUS BAUERIANA, Scuauer, var. conica, Maipen (1-10).
Be CNEORIFOLRIA, DC; (11-76).

+

Ee (RITICAL: REVISION OF THE
GENUS EBUGAEVeErUs

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vor. TH. (Par 4
Part XIV of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie wnder great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”’
Macautay’s ‘Essay on MILTON.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Pullished ty Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svonev :

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET.

* 9664—A 1912.

; gy day

ae Samet “elisa

ro

LXVI. Eucali ee melliodora, A. Cunn.

Deseription
Synonym
Range
Affinities

LXVI. Eucalt apis BEACH O8G, F.v.M.

Description
Synonym
Range.
Affinities

LX VII. sukge uncinata, Turcz.

Description
Varieties
Synonyms.
Range.
Affinities

LXIX. eg Hey Endl.
Description
Range
Affinities

LXX. Eucali Hee concolor, Schauer.
Description
Range
Affinities

LXXI. aa Cloeziana, F.v.M.

Description
Synonyms.
Range.
Affinities

LXXI. ee ee Pe Schauer.

Description
Range
Affinities

Explanation of Plates

PAGE,
135
136
136
138

140
I4I
I4I
142

143
143
144
145
147

149
150
152

153
154
154

156
157
158
158

160
160
161

162

‘(re

4 GRAAOD 2

DESC REPA TION.
LXVI. FE. melliodora, A. Cunn.,

By Schauer, in Walpers’ Repertorium Botanices Syslematice, il, 924 (1843).

FoL.ow1nc is the original description :—

E. mellicdora A. Cunn. Herb. No. 57 :—Schauer MSS.—Arborea glaucescens ; ramulis pendulis
teretib.; foll. coriaceis anguste lanceolatis subfaleatis in petiolum attenuatis acuminatis, margine
incrassatis impunctatis concolorib. opacis; peduncalis axillarib. 3-5-floris petiolo duplo breviorib.
pedicellisq. compressis, his cupula paullo longiorib. ; operculo coriaceo subhemisphaerico vix apiculato
cupula obconica triente breviori. Foliorum lamina 24-3 pollices longa, 6 lin. circiter lata, pedunculus
3 Jin. metiens, operculum 1 lineam altum cupule concolor flavescenti-virens. Flores mel redolentes. In
Noy Cambri Australis plagis interioribus occidentem versus frequens.

It was more fully described by Bentham in B.FI. ii, 210. The name “ Red
Gum,” given to this tree on the authority ef Adamson (/oc. cif.) is erroneous and
arose out of local confusion with Z. rostrata, Schlecht.

A specimen in Herb. Cant., ex herb. Lindl., is labelled :—‘‘ No. 74, Eucalyptus,
Nangus [Gundagai district, N.S.W.—J.H.M.], Yarra of the Natives.” If the native
name be correctly applied, then 2. melliodora bears it in addition to 7. rostrata.

The bark of the tree varies a good deal. Often sub-fibrous or “ box-like,” as
the Australian expression is, this fibrousness varies in texture, and also in the
distance up the trunk to which it extends. It is quite pardonable, especially in the
case of a stranger coming into a fresh district, to confuse #. melliodora with rostrata,
tereticornis, and even polyanthemos until a casual view of the trees has been checked
by a closer examination.

There is a fairly full account of 2. melliodora, with an illustration, in Part
IX of my “Forest Flora of New South Wales,” to which my readers may be
referred.

EH. melliodora is a very uniform species, taking it altogether, but sometimes
we have broadish leaves, and occasionally quite narrow leaves—e.g., from the Lachlan
and other parts of New South Wales. Leaves may be as small as 2-3 inches long
and 3’5 inch wide. As the tops of trees are approached it is very commonly the case
(not only as regards this species) that the leaves diminish in size. This is a precocious
flowering species, and when it flowers in a shrubby state the leaves are often large.
It has glaucous and broader leaves in cold situations.

As northern New South Wales is approached the species has often coarser
fruits, and the timber is reputed more durable. In southern New South Wales the
trunks are often ringy, with shakes throughout the log; but going north, straighter
stems and better logs are available.

136

SYNONYM.

E. cerulescens, Naudin, 2nd Mem., p. 47.

A label in Herb. Mus. Paris reads :—‘‘Hucalyptus carulescens, Naudin, du
Bois du Boulogne d’ Alger, Février, 1883. ‘Type. Ech. fructifére venant de la Villa
Thuret (Alpes Mar.).”” In flower and fruit. A second label reads: ‘‘Hucalyptus
cerulescens, Ndn., Villa Thuret, Nov., 1889. Ch.Ndn.’ In bud only. ‘They are
referable to H. melliodora, A. Cunn.

I have received similar specimens from MM. Vilmorin, Andrieux, and Cie.
M. Naudin (2nd Mem.) recognised the affinity of this plant to 2. melliodora, but he
distinguishes 2. cwrulescens by the shorter leaves, “and perhaps better by its
general glaucescence.” I may point out that #. melliodora is often glaucous.

a. Hi. patentiflora, Miq., quoted by Bentham (B.F1. iii, 210) as a synonym of
Li. melliodora, A. Cunn., is by Mueller (fragm. ii, 64) stated to be F.
viminalis, Labill.

b. “ EKucalyplus radiata, Sieber, vicinity of Hunter’s River, New South Wales,”
in Wilkes’ U.S. Hapl. Exped., 1838-42 (Botany, Asa Gray, i, 553), No.
25,474, U.S. Nat. Herb., is 2. melliodora, A. Cunn.

RANGE.

This species, very commonly known as ‘“ Yellow Box,” but largely passing
under the name of “ Yellow Jacket” in addition, occurs in Victoria, New South
Wales, and Queensland.

As regards Victoria, the late Dr. A. W. Howitt informed me that it grows in
a scattered manner over almost the whole of that State, lowlands and highlands alike,
but nowhere exclusively as a forest. I fully expect to hear it recorded from South
Australia.

Specific localities are now given for the first time for Queensland, and further
search requires to be made for it in that State.

VICTORIA.
Lilydale (A. W. Howitt); Upper Yarra (C. Walter); Wando Vale (J. G.
Robertson) ; Goulburn Valley (Sylvester Browne) ; Bonnie Doon and Toongabbie,
Gippsland (A. W. Howitt); Snowy River (Mueller); Myrniong Ranges (C. Walter) ;

137

Beechworth (Falck); Long Gully (Cassilis township), and throughout the upper
part of Tambo Valley and its tributaries (H. Hopkins); Grampians (C. Walter,
H. B. Williamson) ; Chiltern (A. W. Howitt) ; Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt) ; Heath-
cote (J. Blackburne, W. 8S. Brownscombe); Compton’s Creek, near Costerfield—
Graytown Road (W. 8. Brownscombe) ; Maryborough (J. Blackburne),

New Sovurn WaALEs.

South and South-western Localities —Deniliquin (O. Wilshire, District
Forester) ; Moama (Forest-Guard W. N. Watson); Corowa (Assistant Forester
Geo. Wiburd).

Narrandera (Forest-Ranger Taylor); Wagga Wagga (W. W. Froggatt,
J.H.M.) ; Wagga Wagga, Tarcutta (W. Forsyth) ; Adelong Crossing (Rev. Dr.
Woolls) ; Wyalong (J. L. Boorman); Young to Weddin (J.1f M.).

Tumut (W. W. Froggatt); Burrinjuck (J. L. Boorman) ; Gidley, Bungen-
dore (A. W. Howitt) ; Yass (W. W. Froggatt) ; Kenmore, near Goulburn (J.H.M.) ;
Marulan (J. L. Boorman) ; Barber’s Creek (H. J. Rumsey).

Araluen Valley (J.H.M.); Sassafras-Nowra Road (J. L. Boorman) ; Bullio
to Wombeyan (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).

** Bourrayero Gourroo’”’ of the aborigines, the True or Yellow Box of Camden,
according to the late Sir William Macarthur.

Western Localities—Bogan Gate (J. L. Boorman) ; near Borenore (H.
Deane); Eurow Peak, Hugowra, and Trundle (P. J. Holdsworti) ; Forbes district
(H. Deane) ; Lachlan and Murrumbidgee River districts generally (J. Duff) ; Cowra
(Forest-Ranger Stephenson) ; Manildra (J. L. Boorman) ; Lyndhurst (J.H.M., J. L.
Boorman) ; Molong (W. 8. Campbell) ; Bumberry (J. L. Boorman),

Kanimbla Valley, Mt. Victoria (J.H.M.); Cox’s River and thence to Fish
River and Sidmouth Valley, on the old track to Bathurst (R. H. Cambage and
J.H.M.); Rydal to Mt. Victoria (J. L. Boorman) ; Jenolan Caves (W. F. Blakely) ;
“New Holland, A. Cunningham, Hookerian Herbarium, 1835;” presented by
Kew, probably type, and obtained near Bathurst ; Bathurst (W. 8S. Campbell,
J.H.M.); Perth (J. L. Boorman); Forest Reefs, Orange (R. H. Cambage) ; Bowan
Park, near Cudal (W. I. Blakely).

Found on banks of rivers, creeks, and slopes of ranges ; likes good soil, Tal-
bragar, &c. (Forest-Ranger Martin) ; Dubbo (C. J. McMaster) ; Minore and Harvey
Ranges (J. L. Boorman); Mt. Harris, near Warren (J. L. Boorman); Narromine
(Assistant Forester A. Kh. Samuel); Nyngan (District Forester C. Marriott).

138

Iue and Capertee (J. L. Boorman); Mudgee (I. Deane) ; Gulgong (J. L.
Boorman; J.H.M.); Bylong Creek, Goulburn River (R. T. Baker); Merriwa (J. TL.
Boorman and J.H.M.); near Cobborah (W. Forsyth).

Narrabri (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.); Beloudgong, Warrumbungle Ranges
(W. Forsyth); Coonabarabran (J. L. Boorman).

Northern Localities.— Scone and Moonan Flat (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.) ;
Woolooma Mountain, vid Belltrees, Scone (H. L. White); Stewart’s Brook
(J.H.M.); Attunga (James Brogan); Nundle (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.); Apsley
River, Walcha district (EK. Betche); Tia Canon, not seen descending the cafion ;
also 16 miles east of Walcha, and sparingly in to Walcha (J.1.M.).

Armidale (E. Betche); Donald, Armidale (George Campion); Emmaville
and Deepwater (J. L. Boorman); Glen Innes (H. Deane, Forest-Guard Stewart) ;
Stonehenge, Glen Innes (G. Morris Simpson); Tenterfield to Sandy Flat (J.H.M.) ;
Drake (E. C. Andrews); Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn).

Gunnedah (J. L. Boorman) ; Warialda (Forest-Guard Edward Julius, J. L.
Boorman); common on the flats, Warialda to Bingera and Inverell (J.H.M.) ;
Inverell, Ashford, and Fraser’s Creek (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.).

QUEENSLAND.

Texas (J. L. Boorman); Stanthorpe (Rey. J. H. Simmonds, A. Murphy,
J. L. Boorman). The finding of this species in the Stanthorpe country was pre-
dicted in my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” vol. i, p. 197.

ae ee eS,

I have already referred to the fact that on the bark and general appearance
of the tree, 7. melliodora is sometimes confused with L. rostrata, Le. tereticornis,
and E. polyanthemos. An axe-cut will show the difference in a moment, as the
timbers of the three species mentioned are red, while that of Z. melliodora is pale,
almost yellowish, and dries to a pale brown, the inner bark being bright yellow.
The habit of /. tereticornis is more erect, while the foliage of 2. polyanthemos is
usually much broader.

1. With £. Bosistoana, F.v.M., also called “ Yellow Box.”

The inner bark of this species is whitish, while that of 22. medliodora is bright
yellow. The juvenile leaves of 2. Bosistoana are broad, while those of F. melliodora
are more elliptical. The fruits of #. Bosistoana are usually larger and have more
numerous valves, while the anthers are not terminal or truncate, as are those of
3. melliodora.

139

2. With EF. odorata, Behr.

This has already been alluded to at p. 36, Part XI of this work. The two
species are often a good deal alike—e.g., in the foliage, with the intramarginal vein
at some distance from the edge, the shape of the buds and of the fruits; but the
two species are sharply separated by their anthers.

HYBRIDISM.

The Boxes seem to have a special tendency to hybridise with the Tronbarks.

Mr. J. I. Boorman and I collected at Murrurundi, in May, 1902, specimens
which appear to be hybrids between L. sideroxylon and £7. melliodora.

I have a different hybrid between the same species from the Inverell district
from Mr. Forest-Guard Gordon Burrow, both of which will be figured and described
when I deal with hybridism in this genus.

9664—B

140

DESCRIP EION,
EXVI. E. fascieulosa, F.v.M.

Trans. Vict. Inst., 34 (1855).

Fo.iow1nc is the original description :—

Arborescent; leaves alternate, opaque, glaucescent, elongate—lanceolate, curved, gradually
tapering into an uncinate acumen, thinly veined, destitute of pellucid dots ; umbels paniculate, few-
flowered, nearly hemispherical, minutely apiculate, thin and smooth ; tube of the calyx clavate, obconical,

) VW I J , 3 J ’
angular, glandulose, contracted at the top, gradually tapering into a short pedicel, three times longer than
fo) 9d ? 1D 5 te P) 56
the lid ; fruits obconico-campanulate, slightly contracted at the orifice; valves of the capsule inclosed

5) Pp o) 5 ) 5]
séeds clathrate.

On barren ridges along St. Vincent’s Gulf, on the Gawler River, in the Mount Lofty Ranges and
Bugle Ranges, and on Encounter Bay.

The following year it was described in the following way :—

37. Eucalyptus fasciculosa, Ferd. Miill.: ramulis tenuibus viridulis superne saltem angulatus, foliis
longiuscule petiolatis e basi acuté inaequali elongato-lanceolatis rigidule et uncinatim apiculatis marginibus
leviter incrassatis, costi utrinque distinctaé, venis subobtectis, umbellis axillaribus terminalibusque
subpaniculatim confertis, 4-8 floris, floribus breviter pedicellatis, calycis-tubo obLdonico, operculo ‘semi
globoso apiculato pallido quam tubus duplo breviore.

In nemore Pine-forest prope Roolands-flatt, Villmaga, Galway-town (F. Miiller) (misprints for
Rowland’s Flat, Willunga, Gawler Town, Gawler.—J.H.M.).

Frutex. Petioli ? poll. longi. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, #-1 lata. Pedunculi 14-2 lin. longi. Pedicell.
subquadrangulares, Calycis tubus tenuiter punctatus cum pedicello 2 lin. wquans.” (Mig. in Wed-
Kruidk. Arch. iv, 138-9 (1856).

It was then referred to by Bentham in B.Fl. iii, 212, as a variety of

E. paniculata, Sm.; and Mueller (‘‘ Eucalyptographia”’), under LL. paniculata,
perpetuated the error.

All the following refer to H. fasciculosa :—

In South Australia it is a White-gum Tree, seldom rising there above 30 feet, even often of less
height, with the outer layers of bark deciduous, leaving the stem grey and white-mottled and smooth
(McEwin). It flowers in a shrubby state already . . . . . . the flowers of the variety fasciculosa
are smaller, the lid is proportionately shorter and still more thinly membraneous.

The period of flowering seems a long one, at least that of the variety in South Australia, where
blooming panicles have been gathered from December to May ; they are not much scented. (Mueller in
“ Kucalyptographia,” under 2. paniculata.)

HL. fasciculosa is not included in 'Tate’s “ Flora of Kangaroo Island,” Proce.
Roy. Soc. §.A., vi, 157; but #. largiflorens (H. bicolor), Cygnet River, Water-
house, is included instead. H. fasciculosa is not recorded in Tate’s “ Plants of
Extra-tropical South Australia.” It is the plant figured by J. E. Brown in his
“Forest Flora of South Australia,’ under the name of Hucalyptus paniculata,
Sm., the ‘ Panicle-flowered White Gum.”

Jt may be redescribed in the following words :—
A tree of small or medium size, bark smooth, or somewhat flaky at the butt, timber deep reddish-
brown.
Juvenile leaves broad, nearly ovate, venation marked, and with the intramarginal vein remote
from the edge.

141

Mature leayes with a twisted petiole of about 2 em., lanceolate, often somewhat falcate, often
10-15 cm. long by 2-5 cm. broad, equally green on both sides, coriaceous, venation not prominent,
enniveined, margin thickened and intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge.
p 5 iu g y g

Flowers.—Inflorescence paniculate. Buds somewhat angular, the opercula bluntly conical, the
calyx tapering gradually into a short pedicel, the common peduncle thin and angular. Flowers 5 to 7 in
the head. Anthers terminal-pored.

Fruits.—Sub-cylindrical or conoid, about ‘75 em. long, tapering into a short pedicel. Valves
well sunk, the rim thin and often cracked.

Mr. Walter Gill, Conservator of Forests, Adelaide, says that in South
Australia, this tree goes under the names of “ Scrub Gum,” “ Hill Gum,” “ Sand
Gum,” “ Pink Gum,” and that he prefers the last name. It is the “ White Gum”
or “‘ Dwarf White Gum” of Behr and many others.

SYNONYM.

_E. paniculata, Sm.; var. fasciculosa, Benth.

“ Flowers rather smaller than 2. paniculata, operculum usually short.”
(B.FI. iii, 212.)

The following description of a plant from Bethany, South Australia, by
Schlechtendal, referred by him to HZ. paniculata belongs to EH. fasciculosa :— —

180. Eucalyptus paniculata, Smith, DC. Prodr., 111, p. 220, n. 33 (2). Specimen Sieberianum in pl.
Noy. Holl. exs. n., 468, sub nomine Z, terminalis editum, quod #. paniculata proximum videtur, a nostra
quoque specie haud longe . . . . p. 659, distat que differre videtur: ramulis foliisque gracilioribus,
floribus paullo minoribus, alabastro magis globoso, nec angulis 4 eleyatis e pedicello orientibus notato,
extus magis rugoloso (an exsiccatione ?), operculo depressiore, acutiusculo quidem, staminibus longioribus
(in planta Sieberiana flores pauci jam aperti) calycis tubo deflorato campanulato. Folia variabilia 2-54
poll. longa, 4~—7 lin., lata alia valde elongata angustata, alia lanceolata latiora, longius breviusve petiolata,
petiolo ad ? poll. interdum longo, utrinque attenuata, margine crassiusculo, venis et nervo marginali ex
jis orto leviter prominulis. Inflorescentia ex umbellulis trifloris cymose composita quasi terminalis.
Alabastra 3 lin. longa. Stamina 4 lin, longa, stylis iis dimidior brevior stigmate orbiculari depresse
convexo.

Am Gebirge bei Bethanien, November. (Schlechl., in Linnea, xx, 658.)

This species appears to be restricted to South Australia and Kangaroo Island.

South Australia, Lofty, Bugle, and other ranges along St. Vincent’s Gulf (F. Mueller), Banks of
the Three-Well River [on Kangaroo Island.—-J.H.M.] (Waterhouse); White Gum (Behr). B.FI. iii, 212.

The following localities are given by Mueller in the “ Hucalyptographia”’ for
F. paniculata, var. fasciculosa.

On dry, particularly sandy ridges, and also on stony ranges near the Murray River and St. Vincent’s
Gulf (Mueller), at Lacepede Bay (Babbage), and some intermediate places, also in Kangaroo Island
(Waterhouse).

142

Following are additional South Australian localities :—Onkaparinga River,
near Willunga (Mueller), the type locality; Kuitpo Forest Reserve, near Willunga
(W. Gill); Houghton (G. McEwin, from Nat. Herb., Melb.) ; Mount Lofty Range
(Dr. J. B. Cleland); Aldgate (J.U.M.); Sandy Creek, near Gawler (W. Gill) ;
between Mount Barker and Murray Bridge (M. Holtze); Tatiara Country (R. H.
Cambage); also the following localities quoted by J. E. Brown: Tea-tree Gully to
Mount Pleasant, and Kangarilla, near Clarendon (R. Tate); Bloomberg and Para
Wirra (J. E. Brown).

Kangaroo Island. Banks of the Three-Well River (Waterhouse); Western
Cove, Nepean Bay: “A gum 40 feet high; trunk grey, bark corky, } inch thick,
but thickening to +} inch in old trees.” (Prof. Tate, 1882, and recorded by him in
Proc. Roy. Soc., S.A. vi, 157, as L. largiflorens.)

Timber Creek and Retta’s Lagoon (Dr. and Mrs. KR. 8. Rogers); Middle
River (Edwin Ashby).

Ae TNS,

1. With EF. paniculata, Sm.

The differences have been indicated to some extent already. #. paniculata is
a straight-growing Ironbark, while 2. fasciculosa is a somewhat gnarled and even
stunted White Gum.

2. With E. intertexta, R.T. Baker.

These will be dealt with when FZ. interlerta is figured. The readiest method
of separating them is by the anthers if flowers be available, for they resemble each
other very strongly in timber, bark, foliage, fruits.

3. With EF. Baueriana, Schauer, var. conica, Maiden.

The bark is fibrous (box-like) in this variety and smoothish in LZ. fasciculosa ;
the timber of the former is pale-brown, and that of the latter deep reddish-brown.
The juvenile leaves of var. conica are thinnish and narrower, the mature leaves
are thinner, the operculum is shorter in comparison with the calyx. ‘The anthers of
the two trees are a good deal similar, and buds and fruits often display considerable
resemblance—so much so that they can Le readily confused.

143

DESC RIRDION:

LXVIUI. &E. uneinata, Turezaninow.

FouLow1nG is the original description :—

Eucalyptus wneinata, Caule, ramis, ramulisque teretibus cortice fusco ; foliis alternis petiolatis
lineari-lanceolatis, glauc scentibus, subpellucidoi-punctatis marginatis, basi longe attenuatis, apice in
acumen uncinatum productis ; capitulis multifloris pedunculatis, inferioribus remotiusculis, superioribus
in racemum densum collectis ; pedunculis petiolos subaequantibus ; pedicellis fere nullis ; cupula turbinata
tereti aut vix angulosa ; operculo conico obtusiusculo cupulam subaequante staminibus exsertis (albidis).
Alabastra parva, magnitudine illorum #. robustae, folia 2-2 poll. longa, Jatitudine majore 24 lin. non
excedente. Drum. 3, n. 66. Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xxii, pt. 2, p. 23 (1849).

It will be observed that the type is No. 66 of Drummond’s third collection.

This is repeated, word for word, in Walpers’ Annales Botanices Systematice,
ii, 620 (1843).

It was then described by Bentham, in B.FI. ii!, 216, and afterwards figured
and described by Mueller in the “ Eucalyptographia.” The narrow-leaved specimen
at the right of the plate is 4. leptophylla, Miq. (£2. oleosa, P.y.M.; var. leptophylla,
F.y.M.)—in other words, the narrow-leaved form of 4 uneinata. I have heard
doubts expressed as to the validity of #. wneinata as a species, but such doubts are
quite unnecessary. It is, however, not avery well-known species even yet, being
confused with other Mallees.

HE. uncinata is one of the species in which the juvenile form of foliage often
remains side by side with the mature foliage. The leaf is often hcoked (uncinate),
but this is by no means a universal character.

The anthers are not terminal truncate like those of 2. melliodora, paniculata
and others, but (see Fig. 10, Plate 62) of an allied and peculiar shape, for which I
propose the name semi-truncate.

The kink in the filament is well exhibited in this species and does not occur
in the flowers of many others.

VARIETIES.

Bentham suggests three varieties :—

1, Var. latifolia, Benth., Drummond, 4th Coll., No. 76 (B. 27. iii, 216).

I have had a drawing prepared of Drummond’s specimen in the Cambridge
Herbarium. <A. sufficient portion is figured at 20 of Plate 62. It is not in
ripe fruit.

I collected specimens from the Kalgan Plains, north of the Kalgan River,
Western Australia, which match Drummond’s specimen in every detail. It seems
to me a stunted, precocious form of the type, with, on the same shrub or clump of
shrubs, leaves of the normal width and leaves broad, and with the pedicels absent or
nearly so, These shrubs flowered while the leaves were in the broad opposite-leaved
state. Specimens are figured at 3a, 3d of Plate 62.

144

The variety does not seem to be a strong one, running imperceptibly into the
type, and I see no advantage in retaining it.

The species varies a good deal in the width of the leaves, as may be seen
from examination of Plate 62.

Specimens from Cut Hill, York, Western Australia (O. H. Sargent, 438),
have broad leayes—e.g., 4°5 cm. long and 1°5 cm. broad ; but the flowers are distinetly
pedicellate and not sessile as those of the true var. /atifolia. They were gathered
from a clump of shrubs of typical wncinata.

2. Var. (?) major, Benth.

Flowers larger, contracted into very short, thick pedicels, the peduncles more flattened. Fruit
rather larger, scarcely contracted at the orifice, the rim broader and flatter, the valves not acuminate —
Murchison River, Oldfield. (B.F I. ii, 216.)

I have figured at 15a, b, c, Plate 62, a specimen from the Herbier Boissier of
Geneva, which I have no doubt is this supposed variety. The leaves have in part a
bluish-green cast, and have very indistinct venation. I would like to see juvenile
leaves of this form, which is one that we know very little about. I have not been
able to get particulars of the living shrubs or trees.

8. Var. rostrata, Benth.

Flowers more distinctly pedicellate, the operculum acuminate and longer than the calyx.—Phillips
Range, Maxwell ; Murchison River, Oldfield, also Drummond, Sth Coll., n. 186. (B.FI. iii, 216.)

I have figured Drummond’s specimen at Tig. 15, Plate 66, Part XV (not yet
published) of this work. I consider it to be a form of /. oleosa, and will discuss
the matter when I come to that species.

I have collected 2. uneinata at Hopetoun, Western Australia, with an
acuminate operculum longer than the calyx (and therefore answering the description
of var. rostrata to that extent), but it is different to Drummond’s specimen, and I
look upon it as a coarse form of H. wncinata. (See Fig. 14, Plate 62.)

This specimen came not far from the place whence Maxwell’s specimen was
obtained; but I have seen neither Maxwell’s nor Oldfield’s specimens, and it is quite
possible Bentham may have included plants of two species under his variety.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. leptophylla, F.v.M. (often quoted as FE. leptophylla, Miq.).
2. E. desertorum, Naudin.

1. Eucalyptus leptophylla, Ferd. Mill. MSS.

E. perforata, Behr, Herb. partim.—Anne FB. xanthonema, Turczanin., Bull. de Moscou, xx, p. 163 (?)
frutex gracilis glaber, ramulis rubellis vel flayescentibus, foliis latolinearibus in acumen tenue excurrentibus
coriaceis frequenter pellucido-punctatis, umbellis axillaribus 3-7 floris, calycis tubo obconico-campanulato
operculi flavescentis late conici mutici sublaevis longitudine, fructibus parvis cyathimorphis.

Nova Hollandia australis, Murray-scrub, aestate florens (Dr, Behr).

. 145

Frutex humanae altitudinis, folia 2-3 poll. longa, 13-2 raro 3 lin. lata, costa utrinque [p. 124]
distincta nec tamen prominens, venae obtectae. Pedunculi 1-14 lin. longi; flores subsessiles. Calycis
tubus 1 lin. longus.—E. viminali proxima, foliis angustioribus et operculo acutiore et longiore differt.
Stirpes Novo-Hollandas a Ferd. Miillero collectas determinavit, F, A. G. Miquel. (Mederlandsch Kruid-
kundig Archief, iv, 1859, p. 123.)

2. EF. desertorum, Naudin, 2nd Mem., p. 56.

Copy of a label in Herb. Mus., Paris: ‘ Hucalyptus desertorum, Naudin,
(fragments de l’exemplaire typique). Oviginaire des déserts de 1 Australie intérieure.
Cult. 4 la Villa Thuret, Antibes (Alpes Maritimes). M. Naudin, 1859.” A shrub,
flowering abundantly the third year from seed. It is #. uneinata, Turez.

RANGE.

It has been recorded from all the States except Tasmania and Queensland.
It is a dry-country species, and one does not expect it to be found in Tasmania, but
it is certainly worth looking for in Queensland—say at the extremest south-western
angle; near the New South Wales—South Australian border.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

We know it from Fremantle, the York district, on the Great Southern
Railway (e.g., Tambellup), and many places near the south coast, on the eastern
gold-fields, and as far west as Tammin. Then we have a few localities connecting
with the Murchison. But it is obvious we have many connecting localities to find
yet, so that we cannot define its range.

Following are some specific localities :—

*Thin-leaved Mallee,’ Subiaco Beach, near Fremantle (Dr. J. B. Cleland) ;
erect bushy shrub, 5-8 feet high, rocky ground, limestone hills, 3 miles south of
Fremantle (W. V. Fitzgerald).

The following specimens from southern localities have the pedicels absent or
very short :—

Shrub of 6-9 feet, Tambellup (Dr. L. Diels, No. 2,313). Kalgan Plains, in
bud, only a flower or two, also in fruit; narrow leaves; juvenile leaves glaucous ;
a round-headed, many-stemmed shrub of a few feet, with red buds; sometimes a
spindly, rather erect shrub (J.H.M.); Cape Riche (Dr. Diels, No. 3,464); Deeside,
Lake Muir, a coarse form, some leaves with a bluish-green cast (A. Muir) ; Israclite
Bay (Miss 8. Brooke).

Shrub of about 8 fect, Cut Hill, York, on ironstone (O. H. Sargent, Nos. 427
and 429).

146

Coolgardie (L. G. Webster, E. Kelso) ; 50 miles north-west from Knutsford,
Elder Exploring Expedition, 1891 (R. Helms); Cunderdin and Kellerberrin (W. V.
Fitzgerald) ; Tammin (J.H.M.); ‘* Whipstick Mallee,’ a shrub, 8 to 10 feet high,
growing on sand plains, Cowecowing (Max Koch, No. 985); a small tree with a dark
bark, Watheroo Rabbit Fence in forests (Max Koch, Nos. 1,612 and 1,612 0);
Murchison River (Oldfield), in flower only, and apparently the normal form.

Sourn AUSTRALIA.

Cape Jervis, just across Backstairs Passage is Kangaroo Island. It is
abundant here, and say 10 feet high. (J.H.M.)

Harriet River and Timber Creek, Kangaroo Island (Dr. R. 8. and Mrs.
Rogers). It has not previously been recorded from that island.

Murray Bridge (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.). This is the narrow-leaved
small-fruited form common in the Murray district in South Australia and the
Ninety-mile Desert generally. It was named originally by Mueller, /. olessa, var.
leptophylla. EH. wncinala with leaves and fruits of the typical size is common
enough in the same district.

A. shrab, or, when growing in favourable conditions, a tree. Widely dis-
tributed over the Ninety-mile Desert, Cooke’s Plains (Max Koch); Emu Flat, near
Keith Railway Station, Ninety-mile Desert (W. Gill); Lake Hindmarsh (C. Walter) ;
* Red Mallee,’ Nackara, north-east of Terowie (W. Gill).

Port Lincoln to Coffin’s Bay; only seen sparingly along the road—e.g., at
15-16 miles; timber reddish rather than brown (J.H.M.); Port Lincoln district,
on Streaky Bay Road, 2 miles from Wanilla Forest Reserve (W. Gill); Yorke’s
Peninsula (Tepper); Sandhills east of Ooldea, Transcontinental Railway Survey,
between South and Western Australia (Henry Deane).

VICTORIA.

Only known from the vicinity of the Murray River, and the Mallee country
generally. Grows mostly under 20 feet in height. Hardly found off the sand-hills,
where it grows in company with J. inerassata. Euston (N.S.W.) to Mildura and
Swan Hill (W. 8. Brownscombe); Swan Hill (W. Ross); Dimboola (St. Eloy
D’Alton, F. Reader); Nuhill (St. Eloy D’Alton); Weight about 20 fect. Stem
smooth and white. diameter 2 to 3 inches. Inglewood (J. Blackburne).

New Sourn WALEs.

It is a rare species in this State, so far as is known at present. I have it
from Mount Hope to Huabalong (Rk. H. Cambage); Nymagee (J. L. Boorman). It
is also common along the Murray River, at least as far east as Swan Lill.

In B.FI. iii, 21¢, we have it recorded as “In the Euryalean Serub of ‘the
interior (Iraser).”
1443 degrees east longitude and 34 degrees south.

This would be on Oxley’s expedition, whose furthest west was

147

ALP INI ETE S:

1. With £. oleosa, F.v.M.

Affinity undoubtedly exists, although typical forms seem different enough.
Mueller named a narrow-leaved form of wncinata, oleosa var. leptophylla, and he
confused the species on other occasions, pardonably enough—indeed his original
description of Z. oleosa had to be amended to exclude some &. wncinata. The buds
of the two species are often a good deal alike.

The valves of 2. wncinata are so exserted, fairly frequently, as to strongly
resemble a small-fruited form of 2. oleosa. . oleosa has a fruit which tends to
be ureeolate; this I have not noticed in #, uncinata. The juvenile leaves of the
former species are larger and broader. The timber of H. wncinata is brown, less
rarely of a reddish cast; the timber of E. oleosa is redder, often very red. The
twigs and branches of 2. uncinata are often markedly red, and hence it is sometimes
called ‘‘ Red Mallee” for that reason, and not because of the colour of the timber.

Diels and Pritzel, in “ Engler’s Jahrb.,” xxxv, 438 (1905), remark : “ Forme
quaedam ad ZL. oleosam transitum efficiunt, an hybride (?).”

2. With F. decurva, F.v.M.

This affinity is mentioned by Mueller (“Eucalyptographia,” under #. wncinata),
because of the kink in the filament in Z. wncinata (also oceurring in #. falcata, and
not in #. decurva, as stated by Bentham). The shrubs are, however, as unlike as
they can well be; and inasmuch as there has been a good deal of confusion as to
what 2. decurva is, I defer my remarks until Part XVI of this work is reached,
when it will be found I have figured Z. decurva on Plate 70.

3. With £. micranthera, F.v.M.

As suggested by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 21S, who says, “ possibly a form of
FE. uncinata.” Under £. uncinata (“ Eucalyptographia’’) Mueller refers to the
affinities of #. wncinata and LF. micranthera.

In Proc. Aust. Adv. Science, vii, 583 (1898), Luehmann goes further, and says
that #. micranthera is a variety of L. uncinata.

I dissent from this view. 2. micranthera is an imperfectly known species,
but I have a figure of the unique specimen in the Melbourne Herbarium, and will
discuss Z. micranthera in relation to Z. uncinata when Tam ina position to reproduce
my drawing in this work.

9664—C

148

4, With EF. cladocalyx, F.v.M. (corynocalyx, F.v.M.)

Bentham (B.FI. iii, 216) and Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,’’ under
E. uncinata, refer to the kink in the filament in these species, but it would be
difficult to find any other resemblance.

5. With £. calycogona, Turez., var. gracilis, Maiden.

“This species has much the habit of 4. gracilis, but is very different in
stamens and fruit.’ (B.Fl. ili, 216.)

Both are slender leaved Mallees of about the same size. There is certainly
danger in confusing the two species in the bush, particularly when full material is
not available. The timber of the var. gracilis is of a more decided cigar-brown.

6. With EF. decipiens, Endl.

These two species are sometimes confused in herbaria, but the anthers are
very different. It would not be possible to confuse them in the bush. I will deal
with the matter under 2. decipiens. (See page 152.)

149

DESCRIPTION:

LXIX. FE. decipiens, Endl.

Fo.iowine is the original description :—

Foliis alternis ellipticis ovatis obovatisve mucronatis obsolete crenatis, pedunculis axillaribus
terminalibusque teretiusculis petiolo brevioribus, floribus 5-15 capitatis, operculo conico cupulam triente
superante. King George’s Sound (Hiigel).

Facies omnino L, obovatae, Labill., Noy. Holl., t. 153, sed operculi forma et longitudine distinctissima,
(Enumeratio plantarum quas in Nove Hollandi ora Austro-Occidentali ad Fluyium Cygnorum et in Sinu
Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hugel, 49 [1837]). The Myrtacese by Endlicher.

Then we have the species more amply described :—

7. Bucalyptus decipiens, Endl., fruticosa; laevis ; foliis coriaceis, alternis, subrotundis ellipticis
oblongis lanceolatisve, in petiolum attenuatis, breviter acuminatis, pallide virentibus, opacis ; capitulis
axillaribus, 8-12 floris, confertis; pedunculo subtereti; pedicellis hypanthio continuis subnullis vel
brevissimis ; hypanthio turbinato, fauce brevi ; operculo conico, in apicem subcornutum contracto, nitidulo,
hypanthio triente circiter longiori, Endl. Enum. pl. Hiigel, pag. 49, n. 155.

Variat : (a) latifolia. foliis subrotundis ellipticis oblongisve. 2. decipiens Endl. lc. (v, in H. C.
Vindob.)

(b) angustifolia. foliis lanceolatis. Herb. Preiss, sine No.

In glareosis sterilibus collium Wuljenup promontorii Cape Riche, Novembri, a. 1840, florens lecta
Herb. Preiss, No. 241.

“Frutex 8-10 pedalis.” Folia quoad figuram maximopere variabilia.

Hypanthium cum pedicello 2-24 lin. longum, cum operculo fuscum, nitidumque.—Forma latifolia,
a nob. L. B. de Hiigel lecta, #. ovate, Lab., tantopere similis est, ut pro eadem habuerim, nisi operculi
forma repugnaret. Lehmann, Plante Preissiane, pp. 129-130, i, 1845,

It will be observed that the type was collected at King George’s Sound, and
that it is the broad-leaved form of the species (‘‘ facies omnino, 2. obovate, Labill.,
Nov. Holl., t. 153.”) I received the loan of the type from the Vienna Herbarium,
and have figured portions of it at Figs. la 10 of Plate 63.

Lehmann calls this normal or broad-leaved form, variety latifolia, and the
narrow-leaved form (Herb. Preiss, No. 241), of which I have a specimen, variety
angustifolia,

Lehmann describes it as shrubby, but Bentham corrected this, and I have
seen it a tree 3 feet in diameter of trunk, and doubtless it is larger.

Bentham (B.Fl. iii, 218) describes 2. decipiens correctly, as with ‘leaves

ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate.” Mueller (‘ Eucalyptographia’’) figures
Li. decipiens, but with leaves narrower than those of the type.

150

As to the variety angustifolia of Lehmann, I am of opinion that it cannot be
usefuily maintained, as the width of the leaves varics a good deal in the same tree,
or clump of trees. I travelled extensively over decipiens country, and particularly
noted its variation. Some remarks on individual specimens will be found at page 15).

E. decipiens may be described in the following words :—

Varies from a shrub toa small or large tree. It is usually a twisted or gnarled small _tree, a
denizen of sour Jand, but on the banks of rivers and creeks it attains the height of 60 or 70 feet, with a
stem-diameter of 3 feet, but it is never an erect tree. Known as Swamp—or Flooded—Gum.

Bark, fuzzy fibrous, the outer layers softish, flaky and furrowed, reminiscent of that of the Apple
of the Eastern States (Zucalyptus Stuartiana, F.v.M.).

Timber, dull pale brown, liable to gum-veins, cracks radially, is brittle and perishable, and of no
ascertained economic value.

Juvenile leayes.—Thick, equally green on both sides, nearly circular to obcordate, obovate, and
spathulate. Margin slightly crenulate, often emarginate, sometimes with a mucrone.

Intramarginal vein at some distance from the edge, penniveined as regards the lateral ones.

Mature leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, rarely exceeding 4 inches, and
often under 3, rather thick, the fine diverging veins scarcely conspicuous; the intramarginal ones
usually at a distance from the edge.

Peduneles short, mostly axillary, terete or slightly flattened, each with a head of six to twelve
sessile flowers.

Calyx-tube turbinate, about 2 lines long, the border usually prominent in the bud.

Opereulum conical or acuminate, from a little longer to nearly twice as long as the calyx-tube.
Operculum often curved, and sometimes the calyx-tube almost winged.

Stamens inflected in the bud, anthers creamy yellow, thick and globular, somewhat broader at
the base, and hence, to that extent, reminding one of the Renanthere.

Filament thickish. G!and small and on top, and situated a little to the front. Dehiscence round
or oval.

In old anthers, when the pollen falls out, the pollen-sacs collapse more or less, and the anther
openings tend to become parallel.

Fruit broadly turbinate, pear-shaped or globose, truncate, 3 lines in diameter or rather more,
contracted at the orifice, the rim rather broad, flat or scarcely convex, the capsule more or less sunk, but
the points of the valves usually protruding.

RANGE.

This species is confined to Western Australia, and is recorded from the
vicinity of Fremantle, Cranbrook on the Great Southern Railway, and the Kalgan
River, near King George’s Sound. We want specimens from intermediate localities.

Bentham (B.FI. iii, 218) gives :—

“Sand plains, Kalgan River (Oldfield), and eastward toward Cape Riche
(Harvey, Drummond, 8rd Coll. Suppl., n. 14, Preiss, n. 241), all apparently the
shrubby form,” but I have scen it a tree 3 feet in diameter on the Kalgan River.

151

He adds: “the arborescent one, Limestone Hills, Swan River, and Banestee
River, on the road to King George’s Sound, “ Flooded Gum”? (Oldfield) ; swamps
about Tulbrinup Lake (Maxwell).”

The plant varies a good deal in size, and I know of no botanical differences
between the shrubby and arborescent forms of the species, which seem purely a
matter of environment.

Following are some notes made by me while standing before the trees on flats,
Kalgan Plains, near the Porongorups, and on the banks of the Kalgan River :—

a. Called “Swamp Gum” or “Flooded Gum.” Occurs on flats. The best
tree in the bush for leaves to blaze up, hence fires are commonly made of the green
branches. Trunk up to 3 feet in diameter. In its depauperate form, a straggling
unhandsome tree with brittle branches. Has no great length of trunk. Timber
not used, bad toburn. ‘‘ Moitch” is the aboriginal name for the tree, as given to
me by Mr. William Dunn, an old resident.

b. There are very large rather fine-looking trees near the Kalgan River; the
stunted ones are in swamps on plains. It has box-like bark, which reminded me of
the bark of the apple tree (2. Stuartiana) of the east coast. The timber is not
used for anything; it is very difficult to burn.

c. I came across a tall thicket of this species on Gaalgugup Hill, with small
fruits in heads all down the stalks. Leaves medium lanceolate, and somewhat
thickish in texture. The species is variable in various ways.

Diels and Pritzel (Engler, Jahrb., xxxv, 438, 1905) did not sce the tall tree
form of this species.

In specimens collected by me at the Porongorups, near the edge of the
Kalgan Plains, I observed (1) opercula distinctly curved and fruits compressed as
to be conoid and valves non-exsert; (2) buds broadened out at the base so as to be
almost winged, and some of the fruits with the rims thin.

All of the specimens display considerable variation in width of leaf—many of
them would meet the requirements of var. angustifolia, while others have leaves as
broad as those of the typical form. I repeat that I cannot see that a variety
angustifolia would be justifiable or useful in practice.

The above are from the South Coast district; the following are from near
Fremantle and Perth.

Erect shrubs, 8-12 feet, forming thickets on limestone rocks, near Fremantle,
(W. V. Fitzgerald). In this specimen also we have an admixture of leaves of width
varying from lanceolate to broadly ovate. Near Claremont (between Fremantle and
Perth) on limestone (Cecil Andrews, Dr. J. B. Cleland); North Beach, near
Fremantle (Dr. J. B, Cleland).

152

ArEITNT Ties:

1. With £. concolor, Schauer. (See below, p. 155.)
2. With £. uncinata, Turez.

The species is allied in its fruit to Z. uncinata and E. oleosa, and almost intermediate between them
as to stamens, differing from both in foliage and in the shape of its sessile flowers. (B.FI. iii, 218.)

The two species (decipiens and uncinata) are totally different in the bush, the
former being a straggly, fibrous barked, rotten Swamp Gum, and the latter a spindly,
whip-stick Mallee, with narrow leaves, a broom-top appearance, and smooth,
slightly ribbony stems. The anthers of #. wncinata are semi-terminal and the
filaments kinked, and that species rarely has acuminate opercula.

3. With £. oleosa, F.v.M. (See paragraph above.)

Ei. oleosa is a Mallee or tough-stemmed small tree, with red, durable wood ;
the fruit has a tendency to be spherical or urceolate, while that of H. decipiens is more
truncate. The tips of the valves of the fruits of 2. oleosa are more exsert, more
subulate, and have less tendency to be joined at their tips. Other differences can be
readily indicated by a study of Part XV and Plate 65 (not yet issued).

153

DESCRIPTION.
LXX. EF. concolor, Schauer.

FoLLow1ne is the original description :—

Arbuscula ; levis ; tota pallidissime viridis ; foliis rigidulis, alternis oblongo lanceolatis, in petiolum
contractis, acuminatis, nitidulis ; capitulis axillaribus, 5-8 floris; pedunculo teretiusculo vel compresso,
petiolo breviori ; hypanthio sessili, subcampanulato ; inferne angulato, fauce brevi ampliata ; operculo e basi
breyiter conica in acumen cornutum contractum, crassiusculum, hypanthio quadrante longius.

In colle caleareo prope coloniam Freemantle, Decembri M.a. 1838 florens. Herb. Preiss. No, 225 ;
in glareosis porrectis regionum interiorum Australie meridionali-occidentalis No. 243, sterilis.

“¢ Arbuscula 8-12 pedalis.” Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, inequilatera. Hypanthium 3 lin.,
operculum 4 lin, longum. Germen vertice conico emersum, 4 loculare.—Proxime affinis 2. capitellate
Sm., quae, habitu quidem valde similis, differt: operculo conico vix constricto, obtuso, hypanthium
longitudine vix equante. (Lehmann in “ Plante Preissianz,” i, 129.)

It will be noted that the type was collected on limestone hills near Fremantle,
and that it reminded the describer of 2. capitellata, Sm.

Mueller (Fragm. ii, 42) describes the species, and Bentham also does so in
B.FI. iii, 247.

Mueller keeps H. decipiens and H. concolor separate in the Second Census,
and Luehmann (Proc. Aust. Ass. Adv. Science, vii, 532-3) keeps them apart and
refers to them very briefly in his “ Dichotomous key ”’:—

Capsule raised above the rim.
Operculum conical, flowers closely sessile, #. decipiens.
* * * * * * *

Operculum conical or acuminate, longer than the calyx.
Flowers sessile, H. concolor.

Mueller does not figure #. concolor in the “ Eucalyptographia.”’

It may be described in the following words :—

A tree of 30 to 40 feet with a smooth bark, according to Oldfield. Usually a small tree or tall
shrub, with much of the aspect of 2. decipiens, but coarser and more rigid in all its parts. Branchlets
angular.

Juvenile leayes, similar to those of Z. decipiens.

Mature leaves, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-acuminate, often 4 to 5 inches long, thick and
rigid, the fine diverging veins numerous and parallel, but scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal one nearer
the edge than in #. decipiens.

Peduneles short axillary, broad and flat but thick, each with a head of six to twelve or more
sessile flowers.

Jalyx-tube turbinate, thick and often angled, but otherwise smooth, about 3 lines long.

Opereulum, conical or acuminate, rather longer than the calyx-tube.

Stamens inflected, the anthers large and white, opening in parallel slits; a very large gland at
the back of each, but showing at the top and somewhat in front. The anthers quite distinct from those
of 2, decipiens.

Fruit globose truncate, about 4 lines diameter, contracted at-the orifice, the rim broad, flat, or
slightly convex, the capsule sunk, but the points of the valves usually protruding. Specimens, with fruits
with barely protruding valves, display great similarity to the fruits of 2. capitellata, Sm.

154

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia, and we know its habitats very imperfectly.
Near Fremantle, Preiss No. 225 (the type).

Bentham adds the following localities :—Doubtful Island Bay and shady
ravines, Point Irwin (Oldfield) ; Drummond, 4th Coll., No. 77.

I have not the type from near Fremantle, but believe I have every form of
Gi. decipiens from that neighbourhood. I have no indubitable Z. concolor from the
Fremantle district, and, in view of its frequent confusion with Z. decipiens, suggest
that it be very carefully searched for in that neighbourhood, and careful notes made
on the spot.

I have before me Drummond’s 4th Coll., No. 77, quoted by Bentham for 7.
concolor. It matches precisely specimens collected by me at the Porongorups, on
the Kalgan Plains, about 35 miles from Albany.

Dr. L. Diels’ specimens (No. 3,504), ‘Cape Riche in rupestribus caleareis,”
from the same district, are similar.

APETNTTPES.

1. With E. micranthera, F.v.M.

Li. micranthera is only known from one or two specimens in bud and flower.
What this species is will be better understood when I figure it, but the foliage and
inflorescence of these two species are a good deal similar, and the anther of
Li. micranthera is very small, not with parallel dehiscence, and the top of the
filament is wavy or serrulate.

2. With £. inerassata, Labill.; var. conglobata, R.Br.

. concolor much resembles L. incrassata, var. conglobata, in gencral
appearance of herbarium specimens, but the anthers are very different; the fruits
of the latter have a narrower rim, while the buds are more or less longitudinally
furrowed, and have blunter opercula.

3. With EF. falcata, Turcz.

On the limestone, near Fremantle, occur small trees, which have been
referred to various species. ‘They present some resemblance to Z. concolor. I have
named them 2. falea/a, and Fremantle is a new locality for this species, so far as I
am aware. Illustrations are necessary to explain the affinities and differences of the
two species, which wiil be gone into in Part XV.

155

4, With F. goniantha, Turez.

— In B.F I. ii, 248, Bentham speaks of a variety “with the calyx tapering into a
very short pedicel, as in /7. goniantha, but smooth as in L. concolor. Doubtful
Island, Peninsula, and Cape Arid (Maxwell).”

I leave the reference as [ find it, as I have not seen the specimens referred
to, and the Director of Kew, under date 29th August, 1911, informs me that they
are not in that herbarium. Tor H. goniantha, Turez., which is not closely allied
to EL. concolor, see Plate 18, and p. 103, Vol. I, of this work.

5. With £. decipiens, Endl.
I invite attention to the following two specimens, collected by Dr. L. Diels,
and distributed by him under the number 2,963. They were both collected at
Cranbrook, a few miles north of Albany, on the Great Southern Railway.

a. “2-5 metres, cortice cinereo, pr. Cranbrook in arenosis fruticosis.” This
articular specimen, in fruit only, is quite typical for J. decipiens. Small sessile
! ’ y> i :
fruits, with distinctly exsert valves.

b. In fruit and bud. Fruits rather larger than the preceding specimen, and
all the leaves (of which there are fifty on my specimens), except one, lanceolate.
This particular leaf is as broad as that of 10 of Plate 63. The curved buds are
those commonly seen in #. decipiens, but the anthers are those of 7. concolor.
They are not absolutely typical, but they are certainly much nearer to those of
typical 4. concolor than they are to those of 2. decipiens. I therefore place this
specimen with 2. concolor.

As regards (a), I am onthe horns of a dilemma. It is so typical for
E. decipiens that no tyro would hesitate on the matter; but if I place it with that
species, I am compelled to separate two specimens placed under the same number
by an experienced collector like Dr. Diels, and to say that this specimen shows that
Hi. decipiens is indeterminable, except with flowers.

At present the only character on which I can separate J. concolor from
Zi. decipiens is on the anthers, which I have described elsewhere.

Fremantle is the type locality for 2. concolor, but all the specimens
collected by my friends and myself in that locality are 2. decipiens.

I cannot see any difference in the juvenile foliage of the two species, nor in
the appearance of the trees as I saw them. But I did not find 7. concolor as a
large tree as I did in the case of 2. decipiens.

It is evident that 2. concolor requires further investigation, and its relations
to #. decipiens should be further ascertained. This is work to which I invite the
attention of my colleagues in the Western State.

9664—D

156

DESCRIPTION.
LXXI. FE. Cloeziana, F.v.M.

In Fragmenta xi, 44 (November, 1878).

THis is in Latin, and an abbreviated translation will be found in Bailey’s
“Queensland Flora,” ii, p. 620.

Following is a more literal and fuller translation of the original description,
with étalics as given by Mueller in the original :—

Arborescent, with slender slightly angular branches, with chartaceous ovate—or elongated—
lanceolate leaves, unequally green on both sides, penniveined with rather distant and thin veins, long-
acuminate, slightly curved and transparently dotted with oil glands, the intramarginal vein rather distant
from the edge, with a very rich many-flowered panicle, with mostly 4- to 6-flowered umbels, with terete or
slightly angular peduncles, the ultimate ones very short, with a semi-ovate not angular calyx-tube, about
as long as the pedicels, with a depressed hemispherical operculum, at least half as long as the calyx-tube,
and very obtuse, with stamens all fertile, inflexed in bud, with very small nearly globular anthers
longitudinally dehiscent, style much exserted, and a not dilated stigma, with hemispherical-turbinate
young fruits, not angular, 3- or 4-celled, with the margin of the rim rather thin, valves not exsert ; seeds
not winged. In coastal mountains at Rockingham Bay, Queensland.—Dallachy.

Tree.—About 30 feet high. According to the discoverer’s observations, occasionally nearly
leafless.

Bark,—Cracked, scaly, blackish. Perhaps belonging to the Schizophloiz.
Wood.— Hard.
Petioles,—Slender ; } to 2-inch long.

2
2

Leayes.—Three to 5 inches long, ? to 1} inch broad, deep green above, pale green below; the

primary veins distinct above, just visible below.

Panicles.—Lateral and perhaps also terminal, dense, much-branched. Ultimate peduncles mostly
hardly, a few lines long, rather stout.

Pedicels.— Rather thick, before flowering about 1} lines long.
Flowers.—Fragrant.

Unopened calyees.—Globular-ovate, little, or hardly more than 2 lines long to the line of
separation from the operculum.

Filaments.—Very slender ; capillary, whitish, conspicuously longer than the calyx-tube, attaining
4 lines.

Anthers.—About one-fifth of a line long; somewhat cordate at the base, verging into truncate-
ovate.

Style.—About 2 lines long.

Fruit.—Apparently small; ripe fruit not seen.

The connection of this species with its nearest allies can hardly be settled in absence of ripe fruits,
but it seems to me it belongs to the series of 2. erebra. FE. crebra and F. drepanophylla are separated
from it by the more narrow leaves, pale green on both sides, and with closer and finer veins, by the more
slender peduncles and few-flowered umbels, the acute operculum, the calyces conspicuously attenuate at
the base, and the shorter stamens and style. JZ. siderophloia is distinguished from it by the thicker and
one-coloured leaves, the veins of which nearly reach the margin, the flowers more numerous in the umbel
the higher and acuter operculum. Trom 2. microtheea it is distinguished by the characters from which it
is distinguished from #, erebra, to which may be added the exsertion of the valves,

Mueller only saw unripe fruits, and I can supplement the description in this
and other respects, as follows :-—

Fruits nearly hemispherical in shape, 1 cm. in diameter, surface usually white-dotted, rim very
thin, and the valves well exsert.

Juvenile leaves papery-thin, dark green on the upper page, and very pale green on the lower,
ovate-acuminate, about 5 or 6 cm. long, and 2—2°5 broad, intramarginal vein close to the edge, the midrib
prominent, also the lateral veins, which vary from nearly at right-angles to an angle of 45 degrees to the
same, and curving towards the apex of the leaf.

Foliage like that of #2. Cléeziana, with texture thin, and the upper and lower pages differing much
in colour, is indicative of good soil, moisture, and shade, and good growing conditions generally.

Timber pale-coloured, drying yellowish-brown, fissile, rather coarse and wavy in the grain.

Bark flaky-fibrous and furrowed.

Mr. P. MacMahon says “the bark is remarkable—brown, deeply furrowed,
flaky, like a brown flaky siderophloia, but, of course, not hard. It isa very striking
tree.”

Local name “ Messmate’”’ on the North Coast line, where it is cut for the
mills,

Dr. Tl. L. Bancroft gives the name ‘ Dead Finish” at Stannary Hills, in the
Cairns district.

The term “ Dead Finish” is usually applied in Australia to an impenetrable
scrub which bars further progress, but Dr. Bancroft (Bailey, Qld. Agric. Jour.,
Dec., 1908, p. 293) explains it as follows as regards this species :—

Bushmen, when making a damper, found good cinders or coals could be obtained by burning pieces
of this wood, but when the coals were raked about preliminary to placing the damper in the ashes they
went out. As long as you left the fire alone it burnt well enough, but when interfered with went black.

The species was named in honour of Prof. Cléez, of Paris, a distinguished
chemist, who worked on Hucalyptus oils, and who published the following early
researches on Eucalyptus oil :—

I. Examen chimique des feuilles @ Eucalyptus globulus, 1869.

II. Etude chimique de l Eucalyptol, 1870.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. stannariensis, Bailey.
2. FE. Stwartiana, of MacMahon and others, non F.v.M.

1. £. stannariensis, Bailey, in Queensland Agricultural Journal, xxi, 298
(December, 1908).

A specimen of the type of 1. Cldeziana (received from the late Mr. C.
Walter, who obtained it from Baron von Mueller) and of 2. stannariensis (received
from Dr. T. L. Bancroft), are figured side by side on Plate 64.

158

The leaves of Dr. Bancroft’s specimens are narrower, on the whole, from
those of the type specimens of EB. Cléeziana, but I can find no botanical difference
between them.

2. E. Stuartiana, of MacMahon and others, non F.v.M.

This is the Queensland Messmate, figured, a photograph of a trunk (Plate
XXXII), and described (p. 46) by P. MacMahon in his “ Merchantable Timbers of
Queensland.” He speaks of “its durability as exceedingly great,” and thus has
contributed to the exaggerated value that strangers attribute to the wood of Z.
Stuartiana.

RANGE.

Ut is confined to Queensland so far as we know at present.

J. Dallachy originally found it in the mountains at Rockingham Bay—ze.,
near Cardwell.

Dr. T. L. Bancroft collected it at Stannary Hills, a little to the north—ie.,
a few miles to the south-east of Cairns.

The late Mr. P. MacMahon, Director of Forests, Queensland, sent it to me
from Landsborough, where it is cut in the mills. He also sent it from Cooran, near
Gympie. He says, ‘it is rather gregarious and likes rather good soil.”

Mr. F. M. Bailey sent it to me from Cooroy several years ago. All these
three localities are on the North Coast line, from 50 to 100 miles from Brisbane,
thus bringing its range several hundreds of miles to the south. Intermediate
localities remain to be ascertained, and there is no doubt that it is very much more
extensively distributed in Queensland than was at one time supposed.

AE PINLEIT ES.

Mueller has in the description already referred to its relations to 2. erebra,
Fiv.M.; 7. drepanophylla, Fwv.M.; ££. siderophloia, Benth.; L. microtheca,
F.v.M. I hardly think it can be confused with any one of these species, but
Mueller was casting about for an affinity for 77. Cléeziana, which I think is nearer
to 17, Neudinana, F.v.M.

1. With £. crebra, ¥.v.M.

This is a narrow-leaved species, with narrow juvenile foliage and small fruits.
It is an Ironbark, with red timber.

159

2. With E. leptophleba, F.v.M.; (E. drepanophylla, F.v.M.).

This species is better known now. See the figures on Plate 48, the notes in
Part X (Vol. i), and supplementary notes in Part XII (Vol. ii), p. 67.

The fruit of -. leplophleba is more cylindrical and rimmed, the foliage is
larger, thicker, and differently veined, the buds are different, and the anthers are
very different. Added to this, the coarse non-bicolor juvenile foliage of 17. lepto-
phleba is totally different to the foliage of H. Cléeziana.

8. With £. siderophloia, Benth.
Here again we have a red-timbered Ivonbark. ‘The juvenile foliage is very
broad and thick. The species is “coarse,” the colouring of the leaves is the same on
both sides, the opereula very acuminate, and the fruits of a different shape.

4, With E. microtheca, F.v.M.
This is a dry country specics, with nearly smooth bark, very red timber, pale
narrow leaves, with very different venation, and fruits so small that they cannot be
confused with those of 2. Cléeziana.

5. £. Naudiniana, V.v.M.

T have given notes on the four species that Mueller mentioned, and at the
same time I think that the affinities of #. Cléeziana are not clear. I place it nearest
to L. Naudiniana.,

Both have broadish, petiolate, thin juvenile leaves, with markedly different
colours on upper and lower pages, said colours being usually persistent in the
environment which usually occurs in this species. The species are, however, sharply
separated by the small fruits of #. Maudiniana and the anthers, which are renan-
therous in that species, while the timber of #. Naudiniana is reddish, and that of
LE, Cléeziana is pale-coloured, superficially drying to yellowish-brown.

6. With E. acmenioides, Schauer.

This is another species which, when growing under “ brush’ conditions as do
TE. Cléeziana and B. Naudiniana, remind one of the former.

The delicate bi-color foliage certainly is much alike in both species, but that
of FE. acmenioides often becomes narrower and thicker. The colour and properties
of the two timbers appear to much resemble each other, but the fruits, thin-rimmed
and a good deal alike in the two species, have the important difference that those of
E. aemenioides lave the valves non-exsert.- The anthers of 7. aemenicides are renan-
therous.

7. With £. microcorys, l’.v.M.

It is perhaps as close to this species, which is another thin-leaved species, with
markedly bi-color juvenile and even mature leaves. 22. microcorys is renantherous
and its fruits are different in shape, while its fibrous bark is very different, as is also
its timber.

160

DESCRIPTION.
IXXT. FE. oligantha, Schauer.

FouLowine is the original description :—

Schauer MSS.—Fruticosa, ramulis, patentib., rigidibus teretib. foll., coriaceis subrotundo, ovatis in
petiolum contractis obtusis nervulosis, venosisq., subpellucide erebre punctatis untring. subopacis ; paniculis

terminalib, ex umbellis nonnullis trifloris conferta, pedunculis teretib., brevib.; cupula hemisphaerico
turbinata in pedicellum ipsi subaequalem contracta operculo. . . .(/) Folia 23~5 poll, longa 241-24

poll. lata, cupula ampliuscula cum pedicello 5 lin. metiens—in insula Copeland Island adoras septentrionales
Nove Hollandiz consista. A. Cunn, Herb. No. 250-1818 (Walpers’ Repert., ii, 926, 1843).
Bentham (B.Fl. iii, 213) then gave a description of the species from such
? 5 I
material as was available.
Mueller (in ‘‘ Hucalyptographia,”’ under H. polyanthema) says :—

Of this species #. oligantha I have not seen authentic material, but it seems, according to the
description, closely allied to #. polyanthema, differing chiefly in stiffer leaves, somewhat larger flowers,
conical lid, and perhaps the (as yet unknown) fruit.

I have not even yet seen mature fruits, but from the unripe fruits available
(see Plate 64) it is safe to predict that the ripe fruit, when collected, will be urceolate

in shape.

The juvenile foliage will be obviously very coarse and nearly orbicular, with
the intramarginal vein a good distance from the edge.

The anthers are described by Bentham, and I find that drawings made in
Sydney of the anthers taken from the type collected by Allan Cunningham, and some
specimens collected by Mr. Fitzgerald, when subjected to similar conditions are
indistinguishable. The filaments are rather short.

RANGE.

It has only been collected from Copeland Island in the year 1819 by Allan
Cunningham, when with Captain P. G. King’s voyage of cireumnavigation of
Australia. This is now ealled Copeland Islet, a small wedge-shaped islet 125 feet
high, in the bight of Mountnorris Bay—lat. 20° 29’ S., long. 182° 45’ HB. Itis off the
Northern Territory. Itis used hy Malays during the trepang season for boiling and
drying out fish.

Mr. W. V. Fitzgerald has also collected it between Tabletop Mountain and
Artesian Range, W.A.

161

aE EEN ETE

Bentham (B.FI. ii, 213) says :—

Until the fruit is known, the precise affinities of this species cannot be determined. It is very
unlike any other one I have seen,
1. With £. polyanthemos, Schauer.

In B.FI. ii, 218, Bentham placed #. oligantha (provisionally, of course)
between Z. pruinosa and 2. polyanthemos.

Mueller’s remarks in regard to #, polyanthemos have already been quoted.

Li. polyanthemos is figured at Plates 58 and 59, and the exceptionally large
juvenile foliage of that species may, as regards herbarium specimens, remind one of
i. oligantha; but, as a rule, both the juvenile and mature foliage of # polyanthemos
are much smaller than those of #. oligantha. The fruits of #. polyanthemos are
smaller and of a different shape, while the anthers of the two species are very different.
The former is confined to New South Wales and Victoria; the latter is a tropical
species.

2. With #. pruinosa, Schauer.

Bentham has implied the affinity. There is certainly some affinity. As
regards the anthers, they are not very dissimilar.

The foliage of H. pruinosa is sessile, while that of Z. oligantha has long
petioles. The fruits of H. pruinosa are not urceolate or only very slightly so; the
opercula of the buds are more conical.

We know so little about H. oligantha as regards its size (fruticose, as first
described), habit, bark, timber, and habitat, that one is restricted in making
comparisons with other species.

3. With F. populifolia, Hook. (see Plate 48).
There is affinity in the young foliage and in the anthers, but the fruits are
much smaller, and the mature foliage is smaller, narrower, and not shiny ; still there
is undoubtedly affinity between the two species.

4. With F. alba, Reinw.

This is another tropical large-leaved species, and the two undoubtedly
resemble each other in some respects. As regards anthers, however, it is very
different to #. alba, which has a long narrow anther (with gland at back not showing
at front) belonging to the incrassata group.

I prefer to postpone comparison of these two species until I figure 2. alba.

5, 6, 7. With £. hemiphloia, F.v.M., &c.

Some of the species to which it is closely allied anthereally, are FH. hemiphloia,
F.v.M., £. odorata, Behr, and 2. Thozectiana, ¥.v.M. (see Part XI), but the affinities
do not otherwise appear to be close. There is also some tendency in the fruits of
Li. hemiphloia to be urceolate. ‘The buds are very different. The same remark may
be made as regards the fruits of FE. Thozetiana, but both juvenile and mature leaves
of that species are narrow.

15a.

162

Explanation of Plates (61-64).
PLATE 61.

E. melliodora, A. Cunn.

. Juvenile foliage ; 16, twig with buds, flowers, and mature foliage; le, fruits. Rocky Hall, Eden to

Bombala, South eastern N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

. Leaf; 2b, bud and flower; 2c, anther, from a specimen from the Kew Herbarium, labelled “Type

of 2. melliodora, New Holland, A, Cunningham, Hooker, 1835.”

. Leaf; 30, fruits. Mudgee, N.S.W. (Henry Deane.)

Very narrow juvenile leaf. Lachlan River, N.8S.W. (J. Duff.)
Intermediate leaf. Colombo, South-eastern N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
Mature leaf. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

. Mature leaf, taken from a flower-bearing twig; 7, fruits. (Victoria, no more definite locality,

Oo?

A. W. Howitt.)

. Coarse buds, short leaf; 85, coarse fruits. Armidale, N.S.W. (1. Betche.)

Short, blunt, mature leaf, taken from a flowering twig. Upper Tarcutta, N.S.W. (Forest Ranger
Taylor.)

Plump buds, showing pointed opercula. iyndhurst, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)

Small fruits. Maryborough, Victoria. (J. Blackburne.)

Small sub-cylindrical fruits. Warialda, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Spheroid fruits. Manildra, N.\S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

Pear-shaped fruits, Mount Harris, near Warren, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

E. fasciculosa, F.v.M.
Leaf in the intermediate stage. Sandy Creek, near Gawler, S.A. (W. Gill.)
Broadish leaf and fruits, “Pink Gum.” Kuitpo Forest Reserve, near Willunga, S.A. (W. Gill.)

. Leaf with buds; 17), anthers; 17c, fruits from piece of type in Nat. Herb., Melb, Willunga, S.A.

(F. Mueller.)
PLATE 62.

FE. wncinata, Turcz.

. Portion of J. Drummond’s No. 66, type of Z. wncinata, Turcz. Drasxn from a specimen in the

Oxford Herbarium.
2b. Portions of J. Drummond’s No. 76, type of #. wneinatz, Turez., var. latifolia, Benth.

. Coriaceous juvenile leaves; 36, mature leaf; 3c, buds, almost winged. These leaves show that in

F. uncinata the juvenile leaves sometimes persist to maturity—in other words, that we have
dimorphism. Kalgan Plains, north of the Kalgan River, W.A. (J.H.M.)

. Mature leaves ; 40, leaf still in the opposite stage ; 4c, mature leaf. Kalgan Plains, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Juvenile leaf. Port Lincoln, S.A. (W. Gill).

64, 6c, 6d. Juvenile leaves, varying in shape. Murray Bridge, S.A. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)

75, 7c. Leaves in the opposite stage; 7d, mature leaf. Deeside, Lake Muir, W.A. (TI. Muir, in
Nat. Herb., Melbourne.)

. Broad, mature leaf; 85, characteristic bent filaments (enlarged), Cut Hill, York, W.A. (O. H.

Sargent.)
Narrow juvenile leaves. Euston to Mildura, Vic. (W.S. Brownscombe.)
Mature leaf, thick, coarse form. Oil glands very prominent. Cape Jervis, S.A. (J.H.M.)

. Leaf ; 110, bud and flowers of #. wneinata (L. leptophyila, ¥.v.M. type).

Leaf of ‘‘Thin-leaved Mallee,” Subiaco Beach, near Fremantle, W.A. (Dr. J. B. Cleland.)

Very narrow leaf, Victoria. (G.S. Perrin, through A. W. Howitt.)

Mature leaf; 144, buds, the operculum acuminate, and longer than the calyx; Ide, fruits. Hope-
toun, W.A. (J.H.M.) Still it is not the var. rostrata, Benth., of FE. uncinata. (B.FI. iii, 216.)
See p. 144.

Twig, bearing buds ; 155, expanded flowers; 15c, fruits of a specimen from the Murchison River,
W.A. (Oldfield, in the Cambridge Herbarium.) It is a coarse form, with the aspect of
E. incrassata, var, dumosa. It may be var. (?) major, Benth., of 2. uncinata,

163

16. Immature fruit, showing rims. Dimboola, Vic. (F. Reader, in Herb., Melb.)

17. Small fruits, 50 miles N.W. of Knutsford, W.A. (R. Helms, Elder Exploring Expedition.)

18. Coarse fruit. Port Lincoln, S.A. (W. Gill.)

19a. Small buds ; 194, young fruits, “‘ Narrow-leaf Mallee.” Mount Hope to Kuabalong, N.S.W. (R. H.
Cambage.)

20a. Buds, with nearly hemispherical opercula ; 20, fruits. Nymagee, N.S.W. (J. L, Boorman.)

21. Buds, with very pointed opercula. (Compare 146.) Cowcowing, W.A.. (Max Koch.)

PLATE 63.

E. decipiens, Endl.
la. Fragment of a flowering twig; 1b, fragment of a twig in early fruit, from the type in the Vienna
Herbarium. King George’s Sound. (Hiigel).
2a. Fragment of a flowering twig; 2), anthers, from a portion of a co-type of H. decipiens, var.
angustifolia. Schauer, in the Paris Herbarium. Swan River district. (Riv. des Cignes,
Preiss, No. 241, 1843.)
3. Mature leaf of var. angustifolia. Near Stirling Range, W.A. (J.H.M.)
4a. and 46. Juvenile leaves, varying in size ; 4c, intermediate leaf ; 4d, mature leaf ; 4e, buds (head of 15
flowers) ; 4f, flat-topped fruits ; 4g, spheroidal fruits. All from the Porongorups, W.A. (J-H.M.)
5. Juvenile leaf, with pointed apex. Desmond, near Ravensthorpe, W.A. (J.H.M.)
6. Small fruits. Gaalgugup Hill, Porongorups. (J.H.M.)
7a. Juvenile leaf ; 7b, mature leaf ; 7c, bud and flowers; 7d, fruits. Near Claremont Asylum, Perth,
W.A. (practically a type locality of Z. concolor). (Dr. J. B. Cleland.)
8a, 8b. Fruits with markedly exserted valves. Cranbrook, W.A. (Dy. L. Diels, No. 2,963.) Transit to
E. concolor.
9a. Buds and expanding flowers ; 96, fruits ; 9c, fruit enlarged to show the oxserted valves touching at
the tips. Porongorups. (J.H.M.)
10. Small domed immature fruits, near foot of Stirling Range, W.A. (J.H.M.)

E. concolor, Schauer.
11. Fragment of Drummond’s No. 77. Type of #. concolor, Schauer.
12a. Flowers ; 126, anthers ; 12c, leaf with fruits of H. concolor, Schauer. Cape Riche, W.A. (Dr. L.
Diels, No. 3,504.)
E. Cloéziana, F.v.M.
13a. Juvenile leaves ; 13, fruits with well-exserted valves. Landsborough, Q. (P. MacMahon.)
14a. Buds with pointed opercula; 146, fruits of H. stannariensis, Bailey. Stannary Hills, North
Queensland. (Dr. T. L. Bancroft.)

PLATE 64.

E. Cloéziana, F.v.M.
la. Leaf ; 16, inflorescence ; 1c, anthers of type of Z. Cloéziana, F.v.M. Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
(J. Dallachy, through C. Walter.)
2a. Leaf; 26, inflorescence; 2c, anthers of type of #. stannariensis, Bailey, Stannary Hills, North
Queensland. (Dr. T. L. Bancroft.)

&. oligantha, Schauer.
3a. Buds, flowers and leaf ; 36, anthers of a specimen from. Copeland Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, 1819

(Allan Cunningham). Drawn from a specimen in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, by
Miss M, Smith.

4a, Flowers and leaf ; 46, anthers; 4c, young fruit. Between Tabletop Mountain and Artesian Range,
W.A. (W. V. Fitzgerald.)

9664—E

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New

South Wales”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

Details in regard to their economic
The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acmenvoides, Schauer (xxxil).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).
Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).
Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xlii).
capitellata, Sm. (xxvii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
corvacea, A, Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
jruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemuphlova, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Luehmanmana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).

maculata, Hook. (vi).

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
maicrocorys, F.v.M. (xxxvill)
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Herit. (xxi).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xi).
paniculata, Sm. (vill).
pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).
prpertta, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
stderophloia, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiil).
Sreberrana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and other

illustrations,

Sydney: William Applegate Gulliok, Government Printer.—-1012.

CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS. Piewoie

EUCALYPTUS MELLIODORA, A. Cunn. (1-14).
Hee eASclCULOSA, FE v.Ms i(la-1 7).

Pus62,

Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

I ae ae ae a eed

EUCALYPTUS UNCINATA, Turcz.

Crit. REY. EUCALYPTUS.

Yi :

;

men

M.Flocklon.d

EUCALYPTUS DECIPIENS, Envi. (I-12).
E. CLOEZIANA, F.v.M. (18-14). See Pl. 64.

PL. 64,

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

ocklon.de

M.

EUCALYPTUS €LOEZIANA, F.v.M. (1-2).

63.

See PI.

E. OLIGANTHA, Scuaver (3-4).

PeRMORITICALD REVISION OF THE
GENUS’ EUCALYPEUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney)

| ‘Vor. Il Pang 5:
Part XV of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

** Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’’
Macautay’s ‘‘Essay on MILTon.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svpnev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET

* 15808—A 1912.

1

LXXIII. Eucalyptus oleosa, F.v.M.

Description
Notes supplementary to the description
Varieties longicornis and glauca .
Synonyms.
Range.
Affinities

LXXIV. Eucalyptus Gilli, n. sp.

Description

Notes supplementary to the description
Synonyms.
Range.
Affinities

[XXV. Eucalyptus faleata, Turcz.

Description
Notes supplementary to the description
Var. ecostata .
Range
Affinities

Explanation of Plates

LT Fi
ONT
177
178
178

179
179
180
180

18I

182

oy paasloassiquivawh. AMV. KA
patvite ‘tial 2
roe ond’ ey neers om 2G
Rig bur Hi ANE o} asieina/

< ye, O-2hy |e, -_

ey eo

A : - : Se = °

ae : : 4 9 : as T> a.
- A -

DESCRIPTION,
EXXIUI._ E. oleosa, F.v.M.

FoLiowi1ne is the original description :—

10. Hucalyptus oleosa, F. Mull. 2. perforata, Behr, Herb. ex parte. Hucalypto strictae, Sieb.
affinis. Marble Range (Wilbelmi) ; Murray Scrub (Dr. Behr).

Frutex, ramulis angulatis, foliis anguste lanceolatis vel sublinearibus in acumen uncinatum tenue
vulgo sphacelatum excurrentibus, basi attenuatis, ut plurimum inaequilateralis, coriaceis cerebro pellucido-
glandulosis, venis subobtectis erecto-patulis, umbellis axillaribus, 4-10-floris pedunculo angulato sustentis,
floribus breviter pedicellatis vel subsessilibus, operculo conico-hemisphaerico obtusiusculo tubum obconico-
turbinatum subaequante.

“ Frutex hominem altus, coma laetissime viridi nitente” (Behr). Ramuli angulati albido-pallidi
vel juniores saturate fusculi. Petioli 3-4 lin. longi in sicco luteoli. Folia 13-23, vulgo circiter 2 poll.
longa, 2-3 lin. lata, recta vel obliqua. Pedunculi 2 lin. vix aequantes. Calyx 14 lin. aequans, haud
raro operculo sublongior, pallidus. Filamenta pallida. (Mig. in Wed. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 128 [1856].)

The localities given are South Austraiian. The description given is not
satisfactory, since it refers to mixed material. It was subsequently more fully
described, in Latin, by Mueller, in Fragmenta ii, 56, but again with mixed material.
It was clearly defined by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 248, and by Mueller in the
Eucalyptographia.

Bentham quotes Fragm. ii, 56 (partly) as the original description, while
Mueller himself, at that place, quotes “ F.M. in Mig. Stirp. Nov. Holl. 31,” which
is the same reference as Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 128, already quoted by me.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

It is a Mallee, and it may attain the dignity of a small or medium-sized tree.
Its trunk has roughish bark at the butt, but the upper portion and the branches are
smooth.

The colour of the timber is of a reddish brown, with the reddish colour
predominating more or less.

Normally the juvenile leaves are broad or broadish, but they vary in width,
so that in some exceptional instances they may be narrower.

The operculum is usually pointed-tapering, but sometimes rounded and even
almost hemispherical.

Occasionally the buds almost assume the “egg-in-egg-cup ” shape, reminding
one of H. salubris and a few other species in this respect.

A common character is the subulate tips of the valves, which are well exsert
as a rule.

166

Varieties.
There are two fairly well marked varieties :—
1. Var. longicornis, F.v.M.
2. Var. glauca, Maiden.

1. Var. longicornis, F.v.M. ‘A Morrell.” “ Poot.”

This form was described by Mueller in Fragm. xi, 14, and raised by him (with doubt) to the rank
of a species under the name of #. longicornis in his “ Report on the Forest Resources of Western
Australia,” p. 12, and fig. 13.

He says: ‘‘It agrees with the York Eucalypt (Z. lowopheba or fecunda) ir its bark.” At p. 7 of
the same work he describes the bark of the York Eucalypt as ‘persistent and rough.” Of course, the
latter is a well-known species.

Variety longicornis is a glabrous form, and, in my view, it is identical with a tree called “ Poot.”

My attention was first directed to “Poot” by Mr. Andrew Murphy, of Sydney, whose collector
(Mr. Louis Dillon) sent him some seed from Broome Hill. This was in 1905, and I have never lost sight of
the matter since. It was described as a tree 3 feet in diameter, the timber used for wheelwrights’ work,
and it does not split well. In my trip to Western Australia in 1909 I visited Broome Hill specially to
see this tree. Following are some notes made by me on the spot :—

Grows on good land; on the best land. A large tree. Dark grey, narrow furrowed or hard “box ”
bark, covering the whole of the trunk up to the first fork and the larger branches. It looks like a black-
barked tree. :

The smaller branches slightly ribbony and smooth. It is erect and attains a large size, up to 6 feet
diameter. Timber reddish. Good burner.

A good many people look upon Poot as identical with Morrel. (See below, p. 176.) At the same
time opinion is divided on this subject in Western Australia. I had not the opportunity of seeing Poot
and Morrel alongside each other, and of cross-examining people on the spot as to their supposed identity.

The Morrel, as I saw it, has a smoother and more flaky bark, and is less erect in habit than Poot.
Tt is a glaucous Gold-fields tree mainly, and I believe both var. longicornis and var. glauca run into each
other, and both to some extent bear the same name (“ Morrel ”).

Mr. William Dunn, of the Porongorups, informs me that Poot occurs north of Stirling Range, on the
Salt River, and extensively in the direction of York. That it is a very hard timber, harder even than
Yate (Z. cornuta), which is usually quoted as the standard of great hardness.

Mr. Van Zoolikum, of Katanning, informed me that “ Parker Gum,” found in the York district,
is identical with Poot, and that it was named after a Mr. Parker, forbear of some respected legal gentlemen
in Perth. I have not seen indubitable specimens of ‘‘ Parker Gum,” but would like to do so.

Mr. H. F. Johnston, Surveyor-General, Perth, is one of those who are of opinion that Poot “‘is a
Morrel.”

Mr. Johnston states there are two Morrels, the ordinary one and a second, with no trace of red in
the timber, but with timber somewhat like York Gum, which he calls Yorrel. Probably we have an
instance of hybridism here, but I have not seen the specimens.

I have opened out a very interesting subject, and should very much like to obtain small axe-cuts,
showing bark and wood, and also twigs showing buds, flowers and fruits, and also juvenile leaves, of each
of the trees referred to, in order that the various points raised may be cleared up. —(Maiden, in Journ.
W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., iii, 170, 1911.)

The matter is further dealt with under “ Affinities,” p. 176.

Following is a note by Mueller :—

E. longicornis, F.v.M., the Morrell tree, is perhaps a mere variety of #. oleosa. The wood is nearly
as dark as that of #. marginata ; it is remarkably hard, and used for rafters, shafts, naves, spokes, harrows,
and all kinds of wheelwrights’ work. Straight and lasting rails up to twenty-five feet in length can be
obtained from young trees.—(Mueller, Forest Resources of Western Australia.)

The above use of the term ‘ Morrel” for variety longicornis, as well as -for

variety glauca, points to the close relations of the two forms.

167
2. Var. glauca, Maiden (Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., iii, 171, 1911).

‘‘Morrel” (the glaucous or Gold-fields form) ; ‘‘ Morrel” (sometimes spelt ‘‘ Morrell”) is the native
name of the tree. It is pronounced “ Moral”; called also “ Blackbutt” on the eastern gold-tields.

Seventy miles north of Kalgoorlie I took notes, on the spot, of a tree, as follows :—

A medium-sized tree, say 1 foot in diameter, a White Gum with blotched bark and more or less
short flaky ribbons on the trunk, with a little of the roughness at the butt.

Colour of timber, rich reddish brown and very tough. <A felled Morrel shows long tough splinters.

Tips of valves connected as in E. o/eosa.

It is usually glaucous (typical var. longicornis is always glabrous). The buds and fruits are coarser
than those of var. Jongicornis, the operculum is more or less rostrate (particularly in dried specimens), 7.e.,
it does not taper gradually as in the case of var. longicornis. While all the forms of Z. oleosa run into
each other, I am of opinion that the arboreal glaucous gold-fields form merits a varietal name as much as
var. longicornis does, and therefore I have proposed the name var. glauca for it. Figures are desirable to
show the relations of the various forms, and these will be found on Plate 66. (Zoe. cit.)

SYNONYMS.

1. E. socialis, F.v.M.

2. E. laurifolia, Behr.

3. E. socialis, F.v.M., var. laurifolia, F.v.M.
4. E. turbinata, Behr et F.v.M.

5. Note on E. eneorifolia, DC.
6. Note on E. perforata, Behr.

1. E. socialis, F.v.M.

Following is the original description :—

20. EHucalyptus socialis, Ferd. Miill., fruticosa, ramulis compresso-angulatis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis
vel lanceolatis acumine uncinato terminatis, rigide coriaceis, glaucis, punctatis, venis parallelo-patulis supra
subsperspicuis, pedunculis lateralibus et axillaribus 3-6 floris compressis, pedicellis calycis tubum obconico-
hemisphaericum aequantibus vel brevioribus, operculo e basi semiglobosa sensim in rostrum conicum
attenuato quam tubus flavescens paullo latiore et fere duplo longiore.

Oceurrit alabastris majoribus et minoribus, pedicellis longioribus vel brevioribus nec non foliis
duplo angustioribus, forma latifolia £. Jawrifoliam praebet. Capsularum valvae sulculatae ex hypanthio
denique truncato globoso emergentes. (I. Miill. mss.)

In sylva Pine forest prope Gawler-town ; frequenter ultra Salts Creek, ubi plagas sterilissimas tegit
et illa fruticeta Scrub dicta ex parte format. Fl. vere et aestate.

Folia 2-3 poll. longa, 4-3 lata. Pedunculi 2} lin. longi; pedicelli 14, calycis tubo vulgo vix 2 lin. ;
operculum circiter 24 lin. aequans. Flores ochroleuci fere inodori. Folia saturate viridia opaca
subtilissime punctata. Hue spectat 2. lawrifolia Behr Herb., foliis opacis, floribus ochroleucis inodoris,
formam latifoliam exhibens. (In Miq. Wederl. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 132, 1856).

I have seen the type, which is figured at 17, Plate 65. It is a narrow-leaved:
form of ZF. oleosa.
2. E. laurifolia, Behr.
3. E. socialis, F.v.M., var. laurifolia, F.v.M.

For the references to these two names, see under LZ. socialis.

168

I look upon #. laurifolia as a form intermediate between E. oleosa and
. Gilli, nov. sp., which I describe at page 177.

4. E. turbinata, Behr et F.v.M.

Following is the original description :—

33. Bucalyptus turbinata, Behr et Miill., fruticosa, ramulis junioribus rubris angulatis, foliis e basi
obliqua ovato-lanceolatis angustato-acuminatis crasse coriaceis glaucis, costa utrinque distincta, venis
subobtectis, pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus 4—7 floris petiolo duplo brevioribus pedicellis triplo
longioribus, calycis tubo campanulato operculi semi-globoso conici acutinsculi longitudine.

In sylva Pine Forest trans flumen Salts Creek, fl. aestate (Dr. Behr).

Prope #. punctatum DC. Prodr, |.c. p. 217 Mem, Myrt. Tah. 4, inserenda, ‘‘Frutex magnitudine
arboris mediae ; rami recentiores atrorubri.” Petioli 4-6 lin. longi. Folia 3-4} poll. longa. Pedunculi
14-2 lin. longi raro plus quam 7-flori. Pedicelli brevissimi. Alabastra operculata 2 lin. longa (in Miq.
Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 137, 1856),

The type is in Herb. Melb. (ex herb. Sonder) and is /. oleosa. It is figured
at 9, Plate 65, and is a broadish (not extreme) form of the species.

5. Mueller says that the synonymy of this species includes #. eneorifolia, DC.
Prod. iii, 220, and B.FI. iii, 217, so far as the plant from the arid scrubby ridges
of Kangaroo Island (Ile Decrés) is concerned (Hucalyptographia, under #. oleosa).

I have not been able to confirm this statement by examination of actual
specimens, ?.e., that some H. cneorifolia has been included under £#. oleosa. It is,
however, likely enough, especially considering the imperfect material some of the
early workers prior to Bentham did not hesitate to name. At page 129, Part XIII,
of the present work I have stated that #. cneorifolia appears to be confined
to Kangaroo Island.

In B.FI. ii, 217, Bentham refers certain specimens ‘‘ Beyond Salt’s Creek
and near Port Lincoln, Mueller,” to LE. eneorifolia. As will be seen on reference to
page 171, both these are quoted localities for . o/eosa (including #. socialis and
E. turbinata). Therefore, for these localities under #. cneorifolia, loc. cit., E. oleosa
should probably be read.

6. E. perforata, Behr (as quoted in the original description of FH. oleosa).

Behr’s material was evidently much mixed, since some of his #. perforata
was also referred to #. gracilis, F.v.M. See Vol. i, Part III, p. 81, of the present
work.

Part of his material is also referable to H. odorata, Behr and Schlecht. See
page 30, Part XI (Vol. ii), of this work.

169

RANGE.

(Typical Form.)

Iv is a dry country species, occurring sparsely in Western and South Australia
(both States of comparatively low rainfall), in Victoria near the Murray, and in
New South Wales in the western or drier portion. It has not been found in
Queensland so far.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

I did not see much of the typical form in Western Australia.

A small tree at Pindar (Murchison line) is nearly typical. It has a rough, dark, flaky bark and
smooth.limbs. The timber is dark (cigar) brown, but the tree is quite pipy ; the timber is, however, darker
than oleosa usually is, which is reddish brown, but that may be owing to the age of the tree. Only young
buds and ripe fruit found, and very few trees were seen.

Some small trees at Rayensthorpe, west of Esperance, have small fruits, and are not very dissimilar
to specimens of Z. oleosa collected from localities of the type, but the juvenile foliage is remarkably
narrow. Itisso narrow that it excites suspicion that we have here a different species, but the other
characters are those of true Z. oleosa, and we have already many instances of considerable variation in
regard to juvenile foliage. The Ravensthorpe trees should be watched, as the specimens taken by me may
prove to be extremes. See fig. 12, Pl. 65.

At Comet Vale (vid Kalgoorlie) I noticed a small erect, rigid gum, leaves very thick, fruits a little
more pear-shaped than usual. In bud and ripe fruit. It is a coarse form of #. oleosa, and I did not find
this particular form anywhere else. See fig. 13, Pl. 65.—(Maiden, in Jowrn. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., iii,
170, 1911.)

In addition, I have seen specimens from the following places :—

Avon District (No. $99, Dr. E. Pritzel); Cut Hill, York, shrub of 8 feet
(No. 433, O. H. Sargent) ; Eucla (J. D. Batt), in Herb. Melb., see fig. 11, Pl. 65 ;
70 miles from Fraser Range, Western Australia,—Elder Exploring Expedition
(R. Helms, 8th November, 1891).

At page 124 0f Part IV, Vol. i, of the present work, in the detailed description
of Plate 22, the following words occur :—
3a. Unripe fruits; 3b, ripe fruits of 2. fawewnda,” Schauer. “ Red Sandstone Hill, Minara,
Murchison River,” W.A., Herb., Kew. (Herb. Hookerianum, 1867), ‘Flora Australiensis.” Named
by Mr. Bentham, iii, p. 232. ’
da, Leaf; 4b, fruits of H. fecunda, Schauer. “ No, 3,295, W. Australia, 2nd July, 1901 (L.
Diels).” Leaves very thick.

At page 115 we have
“ Red Sandstone Hill, Minara, Murchison R., W.A. (Oldfield).” Herb, Syd. ex Herb. Kew.

“ 3,295, frutex 3-1 m. alt. Greenough River in fruticetis limoso-arenosis. (L. Diels, 2/7/01.)”

All the specimens are imperfect but identical, and I followed Bentham, who
named the Minara and some other Murchison River specimens L. feecunda. I find
that this is erroneous, and that the specimens figured and referred to in the above
paragraphs properly belong to Z. oleosa, F.v.M.

B

170

SoutH AUSTRALIA.

The co-types came from the Marble Range and Murray Scrub, in this State.
* Red Mallee” (7. oleosa) is widely diffused in South Australia.

I have seen it from the following localities :—

Port Lincoln (W. Gill), also with rounded operculum from the same locality
(W. Gill); Point Kirton, Port Lincoln, the fruit sometimes with the tips of the
valves not exsert (J.H.M.); Parilla Forest Reserve, between Port Lincoln and the
Marble Range (W. Gill).

The above localities are practically those of the co-type.

** Red Mallee,” about one mile 8.W. of Mannum, near the River Murray
(W. Gill); Murray Serub (J. M. Black); Murray Bridge (R. H. Cambage and
J.U.M.).

The typeof L. socialis, F.v.M. comes from “ versus fluv. Murray ” (Mueller) ;
Dublin Serub (J. M. Black); Desert, Tintinarra (R. H. Cambage).

The above localities are practically those of the second co-type.

Flinders Range (No. 570, Max Koch); Flinders Range near Quorn (No.
532, Max Koch); Flinders Range, Mount Remarkable (W. Gill); ‘* Red Mallee”
Nackara Forest (W. Gill) ; near Roseworthy Agricultural College (W. Gill, A. J.
Perkins); Pinnaroo (W. Gill); Crystal Brook, the southern point of Flinders
Range (W. Gill).

Cape Jervis (J.H.M.) with opercula of intermediate length.

Venus Harbour, also Murat and Denial Bays, also Fowler’s Bay (all Dr.
R.S. Rogers). In both the two last localities with opercula not very long. Streaky
Bay (H. Deane).

At page 118 (Part IV, vol. i) of this work I referred to a specimen in bud
only collected by Robert Brown at ‘“ Bay iii,” and I doubtfully attributed it to a
form between L. feecunda and incrassata.

“ Bay ili”’ is Fowler’s Bay,* South Australia, and the specimen referred to
is undoubtedly #. oleosa, F.v.M. I may mention that I collected specimens the
very image of Robert Brown’s from “ Bay ii” at Cape Jervis, near Kangaroo
Island, in January, 1907, and I have since ascertained that buds like these are
common enough on the South Australian coast.

Following have large fruits :—

‘Water Mallee.” Sandhills east of Ooldea, and also at Ooldea, north of
Fowler’s Bay. ‘Transcontinental Railway Survey (between South and Western
Australia) (H. Deane).

Following has small fruits :—

“Peeneri” (native name) Mallee, water bearing, #.e., the roots, if cut into
portions and drained, yield drinking water. Sandhills east of Ooldea. Mr. Deane

* See p. 107 of my ‘Sir Joseph Banks ; the Father of Australia” (1909), where is a list of the places at which
Robert Brown touched and collected.

171

points out that this Mallee has a vertical growth,—no drooping of the leaves, and
that it is very rare, only one patch having been seen in a journey of 140 miles from
Port Augusta.

Grosse’s Range, Central Australia (Revs. Schwarz and Schulze, ex herb.
Melb.).

The type of H. turhinata, Behr, comes from ‘ Pine Forest across Salt’s
Creek” (near Gawler), Dr. Behr. (Mig. Ned. Kruidk.) (ex herb. Melb.)

VICTORIA.

Swan Hill (Dr. Griffiths, ex herb. Melb.), with short operculum and narrow
leaves. Nyaah, Narrung, Euston, Mildura. ‘“‘ Variable in the size and shape of
the calyces more especially. Leaves sometimes becoming inclined to the narrow-
lanceolate form. Grows generally over sand-rises and plains alike.” (W. S.
Brownscombe). Bumbang near Euston (J. Blackburne).

As regards Victoria, it would appear to be confined to the vicinity of the
Murray River, so far as we know at present.

New Sourn WaAtgs.

IT have it from the following localities in this State :—

Abbott’s Tank, near Balranald (C. J. MeMaster) ; Lower Lachlan River, two
specimens respectively, “‘ Smooth-barked tree,” ‘‘ Rough-barked tree” (correspon-
dents of H. Deane); Condobolin (R. H. Cambage) ; Wyalong (H. Deane, J. G.
Postlethwaite); Coolabah and Girilambone with moderately narrow juvenile leaves
(R. W. Peacock, J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.); Cobar (Rev. Dr. Woolls, R. H. Cambage,
L. Abrahams, J. L. Boorman); Wittagoona, near Cobar (L. Abrahams); Nymagee
(Dr. J. Wharton Cox, J. L. Boorman) ; Mount Boppy (J. L. Boorman).

I shall be glad to receive specimens from other localities.

Variety longicornis, F.v.M.

Mueller labelled specimens from “ Upper Swan River,” “ Morrel”’ and “ 2.
oleosa, var. longicornis.” ‘These match his figure 13, in his ‘‘ Report on the Forest
Resources of Western Australia,” exactly.

Other specimens which match the figure very closely are :—

Broome Hill, Great Southern Railway, ‘‘ Poot”? (Dr. A. Morrison, Louis
Dillon, J.H.M.).

* Morrel,” Quairading, H. St. B. More (communicated by O. H. Sargent
under his No. 718).

Carnamah, Victoria District (Dr. A. Morrison) ; Coolgardie (L. G. Webster).

Specimens with fruit of a tree with narrow leaves and shorter peduncles and

.pedicels than the type, from Cowcowing (Max Koch), appear to be referable to this
form. (See fig. 4, Pl. 66.)

Imperfect specimens with nearly sessile fruits, “‘ Blackbutt, tall tree forming
forests’ are related to this variety (No. 5,454, L. Diels).

172

Variety glauca, Maiden.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

This is the ordinary glaucous or Gold-fields form of #. oleosa, known as
“ Morrel.” Specimens collected by me about 70 miles north of Kurrawang and
also at Kalgoorlie, September, 1909, may be taken as the type. See fig. 8, Pl. 66.
Comet Vale (J.H.M.). See fig. 9, Pl. 66.

Grounds of Kalgoorlie Hospital (Dr. J. b. Cleland).

Coolgardie (R. Helms, C. L. Webster).

«Tree 50 feet high, bark rough, greyish and persistent at base of trunk,
smooth and whitish upwards. Stamens sulphur yellow. ‘“ Morrell.” ‘ Blackbutt”
of Gold-fields,’ near Kanowna and Kurrawang (W. V. Fitzgerald).

Depot Hill, Elder Exploring Expedition, 10th November, i891 (R. Helms).

“Small tree of 20-30 feet. A Mallee. Trunk with a rough bark, upper
branches smooth. Cowcowing (No. 1,001, Max Koch).

* Arbor 25 m. alt (say 80 feet) cortice cinereo foliis glaucis; floribus ochro-
leucis.” Coolgardie (No. 5,470, L. Diels).

Coolgardie pr. Kanowna (No. 1,708, L. Diels). Both these specimens were
referred to var. longicornis by Dr. Diels.

Tammin (L. Diels, No. 2,854) is glaucous, but the buds and fruits are smaller
than those of the type. See fig. 6, Pl. 66.

The following specimens vary somewhat from the type, chiefly in being less
glaucous :—

Coolgardie (BE. Pritzel, No. 916); East of York (L. Diels, No. 5,018) ;
Sand Plains, Watheroo, Victoria District (A. Morrison); Port Gregory (L. Diels,
No. 5,718) (see fig. 7, Pl. 66); Sand plain, Ebbano, east from Mingenew (A.
Morrison). ,

The following specimens illustrate the confusion which has arisen between
E. oleosa, F.v.M., and H. decurva, F.v.M.

A. Copies of labels in herb. Melb. in Mueller’s handwriting :—
(1) (Hue. oleosa, P.M.) Eucalyptus decurva (Bth part. non), Ferd. Mueller.
South West Bay (Antherae globosae). (4. oleosa, var.)
(2) (Bue. oleosa, ¥.M.) Hucalyptus decurva (Bth part. non), Ferd. Mueller.
Western extremity of the Great Bight, W.A.

The specimens are oleosa, var. glauca. The words in brackets were written
later than the other words. ‘The letters “‘ Bth” of course stand for ‘* Bentham.”

B. Bentham has two determinations of Drummond’s No. 186 (5th Coll.).
See fig. 15, Plate 66 :—

(1) #. uncinata Turez., var. rostrata, Benth. (B.FI. ii, 216).
(2) H. decurva, F.v.M., or rather Benth., non F.v.M. (B.FI. ii, 249).

I have seen the specimens, and they are identical.

173
The largest specimen of No. 186, and the only one I have ever seen with an
operculum (all other specimens having only leaves and flowers), is in the Cambridge
Herbarium, and I took a drawing of it. It shows a twig both angular and round.
The anthers are those of 7. oleosa, and the long tapering calyx is that of var. glauca.
The leaves and also the “ paint brush” arrangement of the stamens are also those
of LH. oleosa.

There is a specimen of No. 186 in the Melbourne Herbarium labelled
* B. decurva.” The names £. uncinata, Turez., var. rostrata, Benth., and HL. decurva,
Benth. non F.v.M., are both synonyms of H. oleosa, var. glauca.

SourtH AUSTRALIA.
Sandhills east of Ooldea, also at Ooldea, Transcontinental Railway Survey,
Port Augusta, 8.A., to Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (Henry Deane).

APEINID Gis:

MuELLER (Hucalyptographia) stated that the precise relation of the following to
Hi. oleosa is not yet clearly understood, viz., the Morrel (2. longicornis), the Salmon-
barked Eucalypt (7. salmonophloia), the Gimlet-wood or Fluted Eucalypt (Z.
salubris), besides H. leptopoda and EH. decipiens. We know more about these
species now; but since Mueller published his note as he did, it may be convenient
to take references to them seriatim. I have already dealt with F. longicornis
(oleosa, var. longicornis).

1. With £. salmonophloia, F.v.M.-

The characters (of #. longicornis) which separate it from 2. salmonophloia are, the persistent bark,
the longer and more pointed operculum, the longer style, the larger fruit. (Mueller, /ragm. ii, 14,
description of 2. longicornis). |

Mueller further says :—

The nearest affinity of the Salmon barked Eucalypt is to Z. oleosa, but it differs in its entirely
smooth bark, the smaller flowers and fruits, and the shorter and also blunter lid of the calyx. (‘ Forest
Resources of Western Australia,” p. 13.)

Diels and Pritzel (Engler’s Jahrb., xxxv, 448, 1904) consider that 7. salmon-
ophioia is more closely related to #. gracilis than to FH. oleosa.

Mr. H. G. Smith (Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. W., xxxix, 25) says, “Mr. R. T. Baker . . . informed
me that on botanical evidence of buds, fruit, leaves, and timber, he could distinguish no difference between
B. salmonophloia of Western Aus'ralia and &. oleosa of this State.”

Again . . . “the leaves of #. salmonophloia were forwarded to this Museum for investigation,
and the oil of this species was found to consist of the same constituents as had previously been obtained
from #. oleosa, and allowing for rather more pinene in the oil of 2. salmonophloia practically no difference
could be determined between the oils of these two species.”

Then Mr. Smith deals with the constituents of the barks of the two species,
although he points out that they vary considerably in thickness.

174

He then makes the deduction—
E. salmonophloia and £. oleosa being apparently the same tree in different forms of growth, it is
probable that the latter is a stage in the slow and permanent degeneration of the larger tree.

In the Abstract of Proceedings of the Society, 3rd May, 1905, p. iv, Mr. Smith
also says :—

From botanical and chemical evidence it is assumed that ZH. salmonophlvia of Western Australia
and L. oleosa of New South Wales belong to the same species.

Now all this is an interesting contribution to the data which are being
collected in regard to Eucalyptus affinities, and which I hope to bring together and
analyse in the final Part of this work, but / oleosa and ZL. salmonophiloia are not
so closely related as Mr. Smith’s statements would lead most people to think.

I would point out that #. oleosa and H. salmonophloia have differences of an
important character. Some differences have been pointed out by Mueller, and
following are more or less important :—

E. oleosa, E. salmenophloia.
A variable species. Varies very little, so far as we know.
Size... a0 ...| Shrub or small tree. Large tree.
Bark ... is .... Rough on butt, sometimes very rough. | Smooth.
Timber ae ...| Reddish-brown. Red, paler than Z. oleosa.
Juvenile leaves ...| Usually broad, rarely narrow, but never} Narrow lanceolate, shining on both
as narrow as those of #. salmono- sides.
phloia. Glaucous on both sides.
Mature leaves ...| Glaucous to glabrous. Narrower than oleosa. Yellowish
green.
BUGS cee oie eu sal yanithatans lon gen Opec UM lie geleececcekercetecceonc cece demaseee
than salmonophloia.
Anthers ee ...| Large, opening widely, but more at the) Large, opening widely to the base.
front, than does salmonophioia. Gland at top small. A broader
Gland at the back large. anther than oleosa, nearer hemi-
Fs phloia than oleosa.
Fruits ... ae SEU twa Coase later Bata lemiaaiocs Smaller and more flat-topped than
oleosa.

2. With EF. salubris, F.v.M.
This is a smooth, green-barked, fluted tree shaped like a gigantic gimlet, and
quite different in appearance to any other Eucalypt that I have seen. The “ egg-in-
egg-cup’”’ buds of #. salubris resemble the appearance sometimes seen in E. oleosa.

I will deal with affinities when I deal with /. salubris.

3. With EF. leptopoda, Benth.
The narrow lanceolate foliage and the shape of the fruit of this species at
once separate it from #. oleosa. I will make further remarks when I describe
Ei. leptopoda.

4. With E. decipiens, Endl.
Comparison of Plate 63, Part XIV, and Plate 65 of the present Part shows
that the similarity is not great. The leaves of #. decipiens are broader as a rule,

175

and differently veined; the shape of the buds different as a very general rule. ‘The
fruits of #. decipiens have the tips of the valves almost invariably exserted, while
the shape is different from ZH. oleosa. HH. oleosa is a shrub or small tree, with
smooth bark for the most part, and reddish, strong, durable wood; that of
E. decipiens has sub-fibrous bark, and pale-coloured, brittle, readily perishable wood.
E. oleosa is a somewhat erect plant, preferring dry situations, while H. decipiens
is a straggly “Swamp Gum.”

This is the last of the species brought into comparison with JZ. oleosa by
Mueller.

5. With EF. concolor, Schauer.
E. concolor has sessile or nearly sessile heads of flowers, with strap-shaped
peduncles. ‘The fruits of both species may be spherical, but the protrusion of the
valves is less marked in £. concolor.

The anthers of #. concolor have been described at page 153, Part XIV.

6. With FE. falcata, Turcez.

Cursory examination of the plates of this Part shows the affinity of H. oleosa
with #. falcata, and it is evident that E. oleosa, var. longicornis most closely
connects with EH. falcata, var. ecostata. The leaves, the shape of the buds, the
fruits, all emphasise the affinity ; and although I do not think a shrub of #. oleosa
or a sheet of H. falcata specimens would be confused by a botanist who has given
the slightest attention to the subject, the strong affinity is there, and confronts us
with the question which perpetually presents itself to the student of Eucalyptus:
How much variation do I require to constitute a species or a variety ?

7. With £. decurva, F.v.M.

Reference (ante, p. 172) has already been made to the confusion which has
arisen between Z. oleosa and EH. decurva. I will further discuss the relations of
these species when I figure #. decurva in Part XVI.

8. EF. uncinata, Turez., has for synonyms E. leptophylla, Miq., in Ned. Kruidk.
Arch. iv, 123; E. oleosa, F.v.M., Miq., Le. 12’; Hragm. ii, 56 (partly).
Mueller mixed up #. oleosa (as regards the narrow-leaved form) and
E. uncinata pardonably enough; indeed, he named a narrow-leaved form of wncinata
E. oleosa, var. leptophylia. It is well to clear up these puzzling old references, and
I have drawn attention to the matter in Part XIV, page 1438.
£. uncinata and £. oleos: afford instances (not common in Eucalyptus) of
juvenile leaves maintaining their character as far as the flowering or fruiting stage.
(See also H. uncinata, Part XIV, page 143 )

9. With EF. inerassata, Labill., var. dumosa, F.v.M.

The foliage of the species (Z. oleosa) is that of #. dwmosa, but it is well distinguished by the longer
pedicels, the shape of the calyx, the thinner operculum, and the shape of the fruit. (B.F'l. iii, 249.)

176

Speaking of Murray River (Victoria) specimens, Mr. W.S. Brownscombe
says :—* Typical forms of #. olevsa and LH. incrassata, var. dumosa, are very much
alike from a distance, in their habit and shape of leaf, but ZH. oleosa, in the colour of
the leaf, assumes a more saturated green.”

The anthers are very different. The young foliage (and often the mature
foliage) of Z. oleosa is glaucous, the buds of ZH. olevsa are commonly with rostrate
opercula, those of var. dwmosa are usually longitudinally marked; the fruits of
Hi. oleosa are more spherical, and have awl-like protruding tips of the valves.

10. With F. feeunda, Schauer.

Ante, p. 169. I have adduced evidence that Z. oleosa and E. facunda have
been confused, and therefore a word of warning is necessary. At the same time they
are not closely related. The leaves are. sometimes similar, but the veins are more
spreading in H. feecunda. 'The fruits incline to be spherical in 2. oleosa; they are
more cylindrical in FL. fecunda. The tips of the valves are exsert in the former
species.

11. With £. cornuta, Labill.

In trying to ascertain the meaning of the word ‘ Poot,’ the following
communications to The Western Mail (Perth) of the 15th January, 1910, are of
interest :—

“ Farmer” (Katanning) says that, to the best of his belief, the name “ Poot” is of aboriginal
origin, and is applied by old bushmen to either Morrel or Yate. There is a close outward resemblance
between these two trees, although of course they are quite distinct. _

Mr. Fred. Brockman, Chief Surveyor, says that while the Yate of the Albany district and the

Morrel of the Eastern districts are quite distinct in outward characteristics, the two varieties seem to
imperceptibly merge into one another, so that in places it is difficult to decide whether the trees are Yate

or Morrel.
He suggests the theory that the timbers Yate from the South Coast and Morrel from the Eastern
district have met (say, in the latitude of Katanning), that from the common point a process of hybridising
has proceeded, spreading northward until Yate is lost in Morrel, and south until Morrel is lost in Yate ;
that this hybridising is not perfectly regular, and that the name of Poot has been used in the South Coast
districts to distinguish from the Yate that part of the forest which has most markedly retained the
characteristics of the Morrel, As a result of this, the man from the South Coast would naturally apply
the name Poot to the Morrel of the more northern area.
I would, however, point out that the species 2. oleosa and #. cornuta are not
closely related, and that Yate (2. cornuta) differs from Poot or Morrel (#. oleosa) in

the following very obvious characters :—

Yate has a pale-coloured timber and has buds with remarkably Jong opercula;
the shapes of the fruits of the two species are very different. The leaves and
anthers are also very different.

Hybridism.
T believe I have evidence of hybridism between this species and Z. incrassata,
var. dumosa. Discussion and a figure of this form will be referred to when
hybridism is considered.

177

DESCRIPTION.
LXXIV. E. Gillii, n. sp.

FoLLowine is the description :—

Frutex gregaria vel arbor parva, glauca, “ Mallee” formans.

Lignum hepaticum, cortice glabro.

Folia cordata, apice saepe acuminato ; circiter 1} inch (3 em.) lata et 14 inch (4 em.) longa.

Operculum longum, cupula in brevem pedicellum terminans umbellis usque ad 8 plusve minusve in
capitulo, in uno pedunculo } inch. Antherz similes ad eas 2. oleosee.

Fructus similes ad eas 2. oleose varietatis glauce.

A gregarious, glaucous shrub or small tree forming a dense growth of Mallee, the timber red or
reddish-brown, and the bark smooth ; branchlets usually rounded.

Juvenile leaves.—Not seen.

Mature leaves.—Cordate, sessile or very short stalked, the base cordate, amplexicaul or rounded,
the apex often acuminate. Common dimensions are 1} inch broad and 14 inch long. Of uniform colour on
both sides. Midrib prominent, the lateral veins scarcely visible and penniveined, the intramarginal vein
not close to the edge. °

Flowers.—The buds with calyx-tube slightly urceolate, particularly on drying, the operculum
rostrate, the shape of the bud resembling that of #. oloesa, var. glauca. The calyx-tube tapers into a short
pedicel, the heads of flowers up to 8 and more in number, on a common peduncle of half an inch.
Stamens inflected in the bud, the filaments pale yellow, the anthers similar to those of 2. oleosa.

Fruits similar to those of Z. oleosa, var. glauca.

I name it in honour of Mr. Walter Gill, Conservator of Forests, of South
Australia, from whom I originally received specimens of this form in 1900.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.

The colour of the leaves is always silver, or “blue” if you like, but “silver” seems better tome. It
seems very-like your New South Wales Silver-leaved Stringybark, #. pulverulenta, in a general way,
though TI am fully aware such a resemblance is purely superficial,—what I mean is that it seems to be our
South Australian silver-leaved tree just as that is yours.

The only local name T could pick up was “Curly” Mallee, its curly or twisted growth making it
hard for stockmen to ride through it. (W. Gill.)

The general height of the trees is about 20 feet, and the trunks and limbs rather crooked. The
largest diameter of any of the trunks did not exceed 8 inches. (H. W. Garling, Broken Hill, N.S.W.)

SYNONYMS.

1. E. socialis, F.v.M., var. laurifolia, F.v.M.
2. E. laurifolia, Behr. Both in part.

Under the original description of #. socialis, F.v.M. (which is a narrow-
leayed form of £. oleosa, F.v.M., ante, p. 167), Mueller twice speaks of a broadish-
leaved form of it which he refers to Z. lawrifolia, Behr, which he suggests may be
a broad-leaved form of -2. oleosa, F.v.M. This form does not strictly belong to
E. Gilli, but is the petiolate broad-lanceolate form which is intermediate between

E. oleosa and EH, Gilli.
Cc

178

RANGE.

Ir occurs, so far as we know at present, in certain drier parts of South Australia
and also in the Broken Hill district of New South Wales, also in dry country. I
have received a few leaves and fruits from Burracoppin, Western Australia, from
Dr. J. B. Cleland, which may possibly belong to this species. It should be looked
for in dry country.

Following are the localities known to me so far :—
South Australia.—I have just returned from a most interesting trip 80 miles east of Farina to the
Flinders Ranges west of Lake Frome, about 400 miles north of Adelaide, at a place called Umberatana,
Tt covers scores of acres on the poor hill and rise sides on travertine limestone and schert country

and looks like a great blue or silver blanket over the country. J. oleosa is the only other Mallee anywher
within hundreds of miles. (W. Gill.)

T have received the same form from Mr. Gill from Laura and Wirrabara, and
from Mt. Lyndhurst from Max Koch.
New South Wales.—About 50 miles north of Broken Hill, between Tarrawangee and Corona, on
the banks of a small creek. These trees cover an area of about 2 acres, and beyond one other lot, I have
not seen any in other parts of my district. (Assistant Forester H. W. Garling, Broken Hill.)

The same plant was received from Huriowie, Broken Hill (J. KE. Carne, through
R. H. Cambage).

AFFINITIES.
1. With EF. oleosa, F.v.M.

Its relations to this species are very close, and the two species seem to bear
the same relation to each other that do 2. amygdalina, Labill., and E. Risdoni,
Hook. f., and other ‘“ pairs” of species, e.g., H. apiculata, Baker and Smith, and
#. virgata, Sieb.

E. Gillii is at the “‘ broad-leaved”’ end of a series, the extreme narrow-leaved
end being represented by the narrow-leaved form, which is not rare, of ZH. oleosa.

Some botanists may look upon it as a /atifolia form of #. oleosa, but I think
it is sufficiently distinct to merit specific rank.

EF. laurifolia, Behr, is a petiolate, comparatively narrow-leaved Eucalypt
which is a transit form between Z#. oleosa and FE. Gillit.

2. With 2. pulverulenta, Sims.

Glaucousness is a matter of environment mainly, but the general similarity
of this species to H#. Gilli does not entirely depend on this. ‘lhe leaves are a
good deal alike in shape, but the buds and fruits are very different. Scrubs of
H. pulverulenta and EH. Gillit resemble each other a good deal except that the bark
of the stems of the former are more fibrous.

Other species with not dissimilar cordate leaves are “7. Risdoni, Hook. f.,
EF. setosa Schauer, and there are others, but they have no close relations to H. Gillii,

179

DeSCRIP EIGN

EXEV. OE faleava saucy,

FoLiow1ne is the original description :—

Eucalyptus falcata ramis teretibus; foliis alternis, basi acutis, apice longe acuminatis, lineari-
acuminatis, faleatis obscure punctatis glaucis trinerviis ; nervis lateralibus margini approximatis ; umbellis
axillaribus 6-8 floris, foliis brevioribus ; pedunculis deflexis petiolos multo superantibus, pedicellis clavato-
angulatis ; operculo conico acuto cupulam longitudine quadruplo excedente, eaque angustiore.

Nova Hollandia. Drum. (J, Drummond) coll. n. 70. (Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., 20, 1847,
pt. 1, p. 163.)

It was afterwards described by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 248. It is not figured
in the ‘ Eucalyptographia.”’

Notes supplementary to the Description.

The type is Drummond’s 8rd Coll. No. 70, which I received on loan from
the Oxford Herbarium, and caused a careful drawing to be made of it. Bentham
(B.FI. iii, 248) gives the furrowing of the calyx-tube as a character, and quotes
Maxwell’s specimens, “ plains north and south of the Stirling Range.”

The operculum is in the typical form much narrower in diameter at the
junction with the calyx-tube. The fruits also are furrowed (or ribbed).

The juvenile foliage of this species has not before been described.

The juvenile leaves are slightly glaucous, equally pale-coloured on both
sides, ovate or oval to broadly ovate, with or without a shortly and bluntly pointed
apex. Size up to say 8 inches long by 2 inches broad, petiolate, the midrib
conspicuous and the lateral veins not inconspicuous, penniveined and arranged at
about an angle of 30° with the midrib, the intramarginal vein distinct, and well
removed from the edge.

The term faleate, which gives the name to the species, originally referred to
the mature leaves, but it is not specially appropriate.

This species exhibits a kink in the filaments of the stamens, a character
which is best known in the case of . uncinata.

Standing opposite the shrubs at Hopetoun I made the following notes :—
“A Mallee of 10-15 feet, with very slender stems. Of. somewhat drooping habit.
Reminds one of #. oleosa in size and tint (yellowish) of flowers. Has large
stamens. Opercula long and somewhat curved.”

180

Following is a variety :—
Var. ecostata, Maiden.

The calyx-tube of this species is often free or nearly so from furrowing (or ribbing), and the same
applies to the fruits. I propose to constitute a variety for this form, and give it the name ecostata.

In the variety there is often not an abrupt transition between the calyx-tube and the operculum
as in the normal form.

The variety is not a strong one, since there is frequent and absolute transition between it and the
species. It seems, however, desirable that the form should have a name, particularly as fruits of this
species, and perhaps of the variety, have entered into the confusion which for so long gathered around
bh. decurva, F.v.M., and which I will clear up when T come to that species.—(Jowrn. W.A. Nat, Hist. Soc.,
Vol. iii, 173, January, 1911.)

RANGE.

Iv is confined to Western Australia as far as we know. I knowit from the following
localities :—

Between Albany and Williams River (Webb).

“« Porongerup (Porongorup) Ranger” (Range), Iaxwell. Specimen received
from Mueller labelled “Type of #. decurva, F.M.,” and received by me from Herb.
Barbey-Boissier, Geneva.

The locality is identical with “ Plains to the north and south of Stirling
Range, Mazrwell,” as quoted in B.FI. iii, 248. As a matter of fact Maxwell did not
collect it on the Porongorups proper, but on the low sandy undulations which
gradually slope into the plains between this range and that of the Stirling Range -
and beyond. I have collected it myself in various sand-plains localities (Kalgan
River Plains) in the vicinity of the Stirling Range. The nearest locality for
EH. falcata to the Porongorups proper would be 4 or 5 miles, and ‘* Porongorups ” is
quoted as a convenient name-place. Local people speak of this short range as the
Porongorups.

Yetmerup, north side of Stirling Range (A. Morrison); Toll’s Creek, Stirling
Range (A. Morrison); Stirling Range (Diels, 2,959, distributed as H. decurva);
Stirling Range (Louis Dillon); Hopetoun (J.H.M.), with normal and also very
large fruits.

Var. ecostata, Maiden.

Where I have collected it myself, I have always found this variety more or
less interspersed with the normal form.

It is represented in the National Herbarium, Sydney, by the following
specimens :—

Kalgan Plains (N.B.—These plains are between the Porongorups and the
Stirling Range) (J.H.M.). Between Warrungup and Ellen’s Peak, Stirling Range
(A. Morrison).

181

Hopetoun, formerly known as Mary Ann Harbour. It is on the South Coast,
between Albany and Esperance (J.H.M.).

Nine miles west of Bullabulling (which is itself 18 miles west of Coolgardie).
(W. V. Fitzgerald.)

Limestone, near Fremantle (Cecil Andrews). Limestone Hills, Fremantle
(W. V. Fitzgerald). I have discussed this Fremantle form below, page 182.

fol Pang IS.

1. With E. goniantha, Turez.

The similarity as regards the corrugation of the calyx-tubes of the buds is
obvious, but the opereula of HF. falcata very rarely indeed show any trace of corru-
gation. The fruits of #. gonianthaare still unknown. ‘The anthers of H. goniantha
are closer allied to #7. oleosa and L. falcata than to H. incrassata. I will refer to the
matter when dealing with #. goniantha in Part XVI.

2. With EF. oleosa, F.v.M.

Ei. faleata and £. olessa undoubtedly have close relations, and they seem to
connect through the var. Jongicornis of the latter. I have briefly referred to the
matter at page 175.

3. With E£. unecinata, Turez.

Comparison of Plate 62, Part XIV, and Plate 68, of the present Part, shows
that the affinities between the two species are neither numerous nor close. But in
one point they are similar, and that is they are two of the few species which have a
kink in the filament of the stamens.

4. With EF. concolor, Schauer (ante, this page, also Part XIV, p. 154).

I have referred to certain small trees at Fremantle which appear to have been
confused with that species, and on that occasion I announced that they belonged to
EH. faleata, which is a new locality for the species. The buds and fruits, while
distinctly ribbed in some specimens, are not typical for the species, and may be
included in my variety ecostala.

The flowers and fruits of the Fremantle specimens are almost sessile, the
pedicels and peduncles being alike short, but a similar shortening is sometimes
observable in #. falcata. The peduncles are strap-shaped in #4. concolor. Perhaps
because of the kink in the filament, they have been distributed as #. wneinata, but
this character is now known to be present in a few other species. The style is more
persistent than in #. concolor, while the subulate tips of the valves are shorter in
E. concolor, and perhaps also a little broader.

182

The shape of the fruits is more spherical in #. falcata than in B£. concolor,
while the rim of the fruit is usually more truncate in the latter species.

I have not the juvenile leaves of the Fremantle Eucalypt, and so cannot
continue the comparison further.

Mr. Fitzgerald describes his Fremantle specimens as ‘ Erect or straggling
habit, 10 to 20 feet thick (presumably a slip of the pen for high), 1 foot diameter,
bark greyish and smooth.” ‘The Fremantle trees much exceed in diameter anything
I have ever seen for #. falcata in the district which produced the type.

I have already (under #. concolor, Part XIV, p. 154) explained that I have
not been able to obtain #. concolor from the Fremantle district,—I have not been
able to see Preiss’ No. 225, the type. I continue, therefore, without the fullest
information in regard to #. concolor, and until I see the type, or matched specimens,
~I must necessarily speak with some reserve in regard to the affinity between
E. concolor and those Fremantle specimens I have referred to 2. falcata.

The anthers of . faleata (typical) and #. concolor (Diels’ No. 3,504) are
alike.

6. With E. decipiens, Endl.

There is some similarity between the Fremantle specimens just referred to
(under 2. concolor) and EH. decipiens, 'The shape of the buds points in this direction,
but there is no ribbing in #. decipiens,—on the other hand, it is sometimes absent
in H. falcata, var. ecostata. The fruit of L. decipiens is less close to the Fremantle
specimens than are those of typical #. concclor. The tips of the valves of H. decipiens
are usually sunk.

Explanation of Plates (65-68).
PLATE 65.
FE, oleosa, F.v.M. i -
la. Juvenile leaves ; 16, buds and mature leaf; 1c, fruits; 1d, anthers, Murray Bridge, South Australia
(practically a type locality). (R. H. Cambage and J. H. Maiden).
2a. Buds; 26, fruits. ‘Red Mallee,” 1 mile 8.W. of Mannum, near River Murray, South Australia
(practically a type locality): (W. Gill.)
3. Intermediate leaf. Near Mildura, Victoria. (W. 8. Brownscombe.)
4a. Buds; 46, fruits; 4c, mature leaf ; 4d, buds; 4e, fruits ; 4f, buds ; 4g, fruits (rim thicker) ; 44, buds.
All from Port Lincoln, South Australia. (J.H.M.) Note the variation in the buds, and all
from practically the same tree.
5. Fruits, flat-rimmed. Tintinarra Desert, South Australia. (R. H. Cambage.)
6a. Buds; 66, fruits. Cape Jervis, South Australia. (J.H.M.)
7a. Buds; 78, fruits. Murat and Denial Bays, South Australia. (Dr. R. 8. Rogers.)
8a. Buds; 86, fruits. Venus Harbour, South Australia. (Dr. R. 8. Rogers.)
Nos. 6, 7, 8 All from coastal localities, and to show variation in opercula.
9. Type (leaf, bud, and flowers) of #. turbinata, Behr. ‘Pine Forest across Salt’s Creek, S.A.
Dr. Behr.” Mig. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 137. See page 168.

la.

2a.

3a.

4a.

6a.

lla.

2a.

l3a.
Lda.

“165,

183

. Mature leaf; 104, buds; 10e, fruits, of the ‘ Peeneri” Mallee. Sandhills east of Ooldea, South

Australia. (H. Deane.)

. Buds ; 110, fruits. Eucla, W.A., at the S.A. border. (J. D. Batt.)

12d, 12c, 12d. Juvenile leaves ; 12e, mature leaf; 12f, buds; 12g, fruits. All from the same tree.
Ravensthorpe, W.A. (J.H.M.) Note the narrow juvenile leaves.

. Leaf and buds (ef 4d) ; 134, fruits. Comet Vale, vid Kalgoorlie, W.A. (J.H.M.)

14d. Juvenile leaves ; 14c, pear-shaped fruit. Nymagee, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
Narrow juvenile leaves. Mt. Boppy, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
166, 16ce. Juvenile leaves. Coolabah, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

. Mature leaf ; 176, flowers, of type of #. socialis, F. Miill, “ versus flum. Murray, Nov. Holl. Austr,

Dr. Ferd. Miiller.” Note the narrowness of the leaf. See page 167.

su. Mature leaf; 186, buds; 18c, fruits. Dublin Scrub, S.A. (J. M. Black.) A narrow-leaved form

like that formerly,called 2. socialis, F.v.M.

PLATE 66.

k E. oleosa, F.v.M.
Mature leaf ; 16, buds; 1c, unripe fruits. Swan Hill, Victoria, in National Herbarium, Melbourne.
(Dr. Griffiths.) Compare 17 and 18, Plate 65.
Mature leaves, buds, and flowers ; 2b, anthers ; 2c, fruits of a form which is not typical. Watheroo
rabbit fence, W.A. (Max Koch.)

Mature leaf and flowers ; 30, fruits. Murchison Road, W.A. (Oldfield.) N.B.—These specimens
are identical with Nos. 3 and 4 of Plate 22, Part IV, which, following Bentham, was there
called 2. fecunda, Schauer. For an explanation of the matter, see page 169.

E. oleosa, F.v.M., var. longicornis, F.v.M.

Mature leaf and buds; 4, fruits, of the type of Z. oleosa, F.v.M., var. longicornis, F.v.M. Upper
Swan River, W.A. (National Herbarium, Melbourne. Collected by whow 1)

Mature leaves and fruit of a tree with narrow leaves and shorter peduncles and pedicels than the
type, but apparently referable to var, longicornis. Cowcowing, W.A. (Max Koch.)

E. oleosa, F.v.M., var. glauca, Maiden.
Buds ; 64, fruits. Near Tammin, W.A. (Dr. L. Diels, No. 2,854.) Form with narrow leaves.
Buds. Port Gregory, W.A. (Dr. L. Diels, No. 5,718.) Nos. 6 and 7 connect var. longicornis

with var. glauca.

. Juvenile leaves; 8b, mature leaves; 8c, buds; 8d, fruits of the type. Kalgoorlie, W.A. (J.H.M.)
. Mature leaf; 95, buds. Comet Vale, 62 miles north of Kalgoorlie, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Fruit, somewhat urceolate. Coolgardie, W.A. (C. L. Webster.)

Buds ; 116, anthers ; 11c¢, pear-shaped fruits with valves not much exsert. Coolgardie, (R. Helms.)

Buds; 126, fruits, somewhat urceolate. Sandplain, Ebbano, east from Mingenew, W.A. (A.
Morrison. )

Leaf and buds; 13d, large urceolate fruits. Coweowing, W.A. (Max Koch.)

Mature leaf ; 14, buds (note that the operculum is of slightly greater diameter than the calyx-tube.
Compare 9b) ; 14c, fruits, very large and broad-rimmed. Sandhills, east of Ooldea, 8.A., on the
Transcontinental Railway Survey, Port Augusta, S.A., to Kalgoorlie, W.A, (H. Deane.)

Twig of Drummond’s No. 186, W.A. For my remarks on this specimen, see page 172.

la,

bo

3a.

Ta.

Sh

la.

da.

6a.

~T

8.

9a.
100.

184

PLATE 67.
E. oleosa, F.v.M., var. longicornis, F.v.M. “ Poot.” See p. 166.

16. Juvenile leaves. Broome Hill, W.A. (L. Dillon.); 1c, Buds; 1d, anthers; le, fruits. Broome
Hill, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Buds, ovoid in shape, and with long pedicels. Coolgardie. (L. C. Webster.)

E. Gillii, Maiden, and forms allied thereto.

Twig, with mature leaf and buds; 3d, fruits; from a typical specimen of Z. lawrifolia, Behr. (2.
socialis, Ferd. Mull., in Mueller’s handwriting; JZ. ofeosa, in Bentham’s handwriting.) Near
Gawler Town, S.A. (National Herbarium, Melbourne.)

. Twig, with mature leaves and buds; 44, fruits. Wirrabarra, S.A. (W. Gill.)

Twig, with mature leaf and fruits. Probably Burracoppin, W.A. (Dr. J. B. Cleland.)
These petiolate-leaved specimens (38-5) are, in my opinion, transit forms between Z. oleosa
and #. Gilli.
Mature leaf and fruits of &. Gilli, with rather narrow leaves. Mount Lyndhurst, S.A. (Max Koch.)
Twig, with mature leaves and buds; 76, anthers; 7c, fruits. Umberatana, Flinders Range, S.A.
(W. Gill.) Type of #. Gilli.
Twig, with mature leaves, buds, and flowers. Euriowie, Broken Hill, N.S.W. (J. E. Carne, per
R. H. Cambage.) This is #. Gilliz.
Twig, with mature leaves and fruits. Broken Hill District, N.S.W. (Assistant Forester H. W.
Garling.) This is #. Gilli.

PLATE 68.

E£. falcata, Turez.

Mature leaf und buds; 14, flowers ; le, stamens with the filaments inflected at an angle ; 1d, anther ;
le, immature fruits ; 1f, ripe fruits ; lg, ripe fruit, end on. All from the type, viz., No. 70,
J. Drummond, W.A. ;

. Buds ; 26, anther; 2c, leaf and immature fruits ; 2d, mature fruits with short pedicels. All from

Stirling Range, W.A. (Louis Dillon.)

. Leaf and buds ; 34, fruits. From “South West Australia.” (National Herbarium, Melbourne.)

E. falcata, Turez., var. ecostuta, Maiden, and forms allied thereto.

7, Mature leaves ; 40, flowers ; 4c, fruits. Received from Herbier Barbey-Boissier, Geneva, Switzerland,

with the following label:—* #. oleosa, F.v.M. ‘Type of £. decurva, F.v.M. (an error. J.H.M.)
Porongerup Ranges, W.A., Maxwell.” For an account of the confusion in regard to &. decurva
and £, filcata, see page 180.

Mature leaves; 50, fruits. ‘‘S.W. Australia.” (W. Webb.) From a specimen in the National
Herbarium, Melbourne, labelled by Mueller “2. decurva” (scratched out) “ 2. oleosa, var.”

Juvenile leaf ; 66, mature leaf; 6c, buds; 6d, buds, with shorter opercula ; 6e, buds with still shorter
opercula ; 6f, anther ; 6g, stamens, with filaments inflected at an angle; 6/, immature fruits ; 6 ,
mature fruits. All from the same clump of trees at Hopetoun, W.A. (J.H.M.) Type of var.
ecostata, Maiden.

Mature fruits with projecting rim. Stirling Range, W.A., “ad latera collium lapidosa” (L. Diels,
No. 2,989). Sent out with the label “ 2. decwrva, F.v M., frutex 1-2 m. alt.” See page 180.

Juvenile leaf, Porongorups, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Mature leaf: 95, very large fruits. Hopetoun, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Mature leaf; 104, anther ; 10c, immature fruits Between Warrungup and Ellen’s Peak, Stirling
Range, W.A. (A. Morrison.) This is a shrub, and seems to connect 2. falcata, var. ecostata,
with “Poot.” See page 180, and Plate 67.

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New

South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

Details in regard to their economic

The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acacioides, A. Cunn. (xlviil).
acmentoides, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi).

bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).

Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
corvacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphiova, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Iuehmanmiana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii),
maculata, Hook. (vi).

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil)
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (viii).
pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).
ptperita, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
siderophloia, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiil).
Steberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and

other illustrations.

Sydney : William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer. +1012.

ies: a Laie f OU AMOST abd! Aare
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CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

epee

j Pee, oon NaS
d gan SOP siseca

DIB fe IID tse pn LEY. gy

ES) OLBOSA,, fb .v. Mi

PL. 66.

CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS.

coe Ransomes Tc

RK

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oO

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a,

oe a RS Pe

M.Flockfon.<

(1-3).

OLEOSA, Var. LONGICORNIS, F.v.M. (4-3).

OLEOSA, F.v.M.

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; ace i

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CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. RES lode

E: (OEEOSA;, Var; LONGICORNIS, (‘‘Poor’’), (7; 2).

E. GILLII, Mamen, (6-9). Transit Forms, E. oleosa to E. Gillii, (3-8).

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

PL 68:

BL PALCATA, J urcz, (1-8).
E.-FALCATA, Var. ECOSTATA, Marpen, (4-10),

fe

A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE

GENUS FE t@etryeiTUSs

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

‘Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vor. Il. Bar reo:
Part XVI of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them, Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
Macautay’s “Essay on Minton.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE,

Published ly Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svpnev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET.

* 82165—A 1912.

Eucalyptus oleosa, F.v.M., var. Flocktoni, Maiden. pace.

Deseription ; ; : ; : ‘ . ; f 2 £85
Affinities . : ‘ : , : ; ; ; : 15

LXXVI. gs Le ee Maiden.

Description 4 ; F : 4 V.087
Range. ‘ : ; : : é ; : ; ; a ez
Affinities. : ; 5 : : ‘ : : . eee

LXXVIT. ele Clelandi, Maiden.

Description ‘ 3 ¢ é : sa; gel Og
Synonym . F : : : é , 4 : ; L- 2 Tag
Range... .: : : , : : : : : : sen OS
Affinities. é ’ 5 s : ; ; : Aa AGO

LXX VII. _Bucalypts decurua, F.y.M.

Description : : ; : 5 : b tot
Range : : 3 : ; ; . J 3 ; * . ga
Affinities . : ; : : . ; : : i OS

LX XIX. Eucalyptus doratoxylon, F.v.M.

Description : é k : : SEG

Notes Ai doterseeeey to the Besiotion : n° EQS
Range : ! , 4 : é E : : , Pegs
Affinities. - . ; : s : : ; : atv gy

LXXX. Eucalyptus corrugata, Luehmann.

Description 4 ; ey 198

Notes aaaieone aie to vise Reception : : 198
Range : : : : , ‘ ; ; , : 10S
Affinities. : . : ‘ : : Seeene ; Shah d ere)

LXXX 1. PHS rs ide Turez.

Description ; ; : : a. 200
Synonym . f , 5 : , : i : ; = "200
Range : 5 : . : : ; A : Sf, BOG

Affinities . : , ‘ ; : : : : : < 201

LXXXIU. Eucalyptus Stricklandi, Maiden.
Deseription
Range.
A ffinity

LXX XIU. Eucalyptus Campaspe, S. le M. Moore.

Description :
Notes EPepismentaey to fhe ee ehaiion

Range

Affinities

LXXXIV. Eucalyptus diptera, Andrews.

Description : ;

Notes Been emia to aie ation
Range
Affinities

LXXXYV. cae a Maiden.

Description
Range
Affinities

EXXXVI, Fucalt UE grossa, V.v.M.

Description
Synonyms.
Range
Affinity

LXXX VI. Tee Peale Maiden.

Deseription
Range
Affinities

LXXX VII. eS Woodwardi, Maiden.

Deseription
Range
Atfinities

Explanation of Plates

PAGE,

DESCRIPTION.

FE. oleosa, F.v.M., var. Flocktoni, Maiden.

An erect, many-stemmed shrub of 6-8 feet. Branchlets somewhat angular. Juvenile leaves
unknown.

Mature leaves coriaceous, thick, equally green on both sides, dull to slightly glossy, petiolate,
lanceolate to broadly lanceolate (common dimensions are, petiole 1-2 em., leaf 10 em, breadth 2-3 cm. ).

Flowers pendulous, up to 7 in the umbel, with a common peduncle of | em. and pedicels of half
that length, calyx subeylindrical (about 4 em. long), operculum tapering, constricted when dry, of slightly
greater diameter than the calyx at the line of junction (about 6 em. long). Anthers similar generally to
those of the oleosa group, but less broad at the base than that of typical o/eosa. Pistil long, as long or
longer than the stamens, stigma not dilated.

Fruits urceolate, furrowed longitudinally’ but irregularly, much constricted at the orifice and
tapering gradually to a rather short pedicel, of greatest diameter midway between_the orifice and the
pedicel, 1 em. in length, with a diameter of *75 cm., the valves well sunk within the capsule, or the ends
of the slender tips of the same nearly approaching the orifice, rim narrow and furrowed,

Its closest affinity appears to be to Z. olvosa, F.v.M., and to the var, glauca described in Part XV,
but the fruit renders it sufficiently different from any other form of /. olcose.

Esperance, W.A., Lindley L. Cowen, January, 1902. Desmond, near Ravensthorpe, W.A., J. H.
Maiden, November, 1909 ; apparently not abundant.

T have named this form in honour of Miss Margaret Flockton, the accomplished artist of my “ Critical
Revision of the genus Eucalyptus ” and “ Forest Flora of New South Wales.’—Jouwrn. W.A. Nat. Hist. Sov.,
Vol. iii, Jan. 1911.

APPINEDTES.

This is one of the puzzling forms that make one hesitate whether to call it a
variety of an existing species or a new one. Although I label it a variety, it will
be a convenient arrangement to compare it with other forms.

1. With E. oleosa, F.v.M.

The anthers resemble each other in var. Mlocktoni and in the normal species,
but they are not absolutely identical. The opercula (Fig. 2b, Plate 69) resemble
those of most forms of /. oleosa. ‘lhe urceolate shape of the fruits of var. Floektoni
has resemblances in var. glauca (see Figs. 10, 12b, 13b of Plate 66, for example).
The tips of the valves are, however, not exsert, as in L. o/eosa, while corrugation of
buds and fruits (see le and 1d, Plate 69) is absent in the normal form.

Lt. oleosa, from the Murchison River, Western Australia, has been confused
with FH. fecunda (see page 160, Part XV), and with L. decurva (see page 1938 of the
present Part). Some of the fruits are a little constricted and exhibit some
resemblance to those of var. Flocktoni.

186

2. With F#. faleata, Turez.
This is observable in the corrugation of buds and fruits, e.g., le and 1d,
Plate 69, but (see Plate 68) #7. oleosa, var. Flocktoni, and FE. falcata are sufficiently
distinct.

3. With EF. decurva, F.v.M.

I have received from Professor Ewart a specimen from Herb. Melb., labelled
“On the level plains, south from Stirling Range. Shrub 10 feet, 14th January,
1862. HH. oleosa, F.v.M., var. Eucalyptus decurva, Benth., partim, non Ferd.
Mueller.” It is #. oleosa, var. Flocktoni.

This locality is Kalgan Plains or thereabout, and the collector was probably
Maxwell. The reference to Bentham is explained under H#. decurva, this Part,
p. 191, for Bentham confused Mueller’s #. decurva with E. falcata.

>

Another specimen, “ Peppermint,’ Murchison River, Western Australia
(Oldfield) *”’ (see fig. 3, Plate 69) was included doubtfully in #. decurva by Bentham,
and connects the present variety with /. oleosa.

A third specimen, Cowcowing, Western Australia (Max Koch), figured at 3,
Plate 69, is also a connecting form.

It will be seen from the above that Bentham confused #. falcata and £.
decurva because of the incomplete material at his disposal, and since #. oleosa, var.
Flocktoni, was one of the forms so confused, I direct attention to the matter.
Compare fig. 2, Plate 70 (4. decurva), and the strong resemblances will be at once
evident.

At the same time the anthers of the two forms sharply separate them.

4. With F. torquata, Luehm.
The variety Flocktoni, especially in its most corrugated form (e.g., figs. le,
1d of Plate 69), certainly resembles #. torquata, Luehm. (see 6a and 6c, Plate 13,
Part IV), but the anthers sharply separate the two Eucalypts, while other differences
are apparent.

5. With &. inerassata, Labill.
Attention may be invited to the figures of H. incrassata buds at 1a, and fruits
at 2a, Plate 15, Part IV of the present work. There is undoubted external
similarity to H. oleosa, var. Flocktoni, but the anthers separate the two forms.

187

DESCRIBHON.
LXXVI.-E. Le Souefii, sp. nov.

Arbor mediocriter alta.

Cortex rimosa basi arboris majore parte trunci et omnibus ramis levibus.
Lignum brunneum.

Ramuli angulares.

Folia juvenes ovato-lanceolata, glauca, crassa, plerumque 10 cm. longa et 7 em. lata, perfoliata,

conspicue venosa.

Folia matura lanceolata, petiolata, plerumque 10 em. long et 2 em. lata, petiolis 2 cm., coriacea,
concoloria, vena peripherica a margine remotiuscula, costa media prominens, penniveniis.

Opercula conoidea plerumque cupula diametro excedens, alabastra costis numerosis approxime
parallelis vel alis.

Fructus prope hemispherici, circa | cm. diametro, numerosis costis vel prope leves.

Margo latiuscula, valvis exsertis.

A tree of medium size.

Bark flaky at the butt, the greater portion of the trunk and the whole of the branches smooth.
Timber cigar-brown in colour.

Juvenile leaves branchlets angular. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, glaucous, coarse, say 10 em.
long by 7 em. broad in some specimens, petiolate, thick, venation distinct, rather more prominent on
the underside, venation spreading, becoming more pinnate as growth proceeds, margin of leaf thickened,
and intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge, oil dots obvious in the early stage.

Mature leayes lanceolate, petiolate, commonly 10 cm. long and 2 broad, with petioles of 2 em.,
coriaceous, equally green on both sides, the intramarginal vein distinct from the edge, midrib prominent,
feather-veined.

Flowers shortly pedunculate in the axils of the leaves, peduncles flattened and about 1 em. long,
pedicels short or almost absent, up to seven in the head, opercula convid, and usually of greater diameter at
the point of junction with the calyx-tube, the buds with numerous roughly parallel ridges or wings.

Anthers opening in parallel slits with gland at back. Belonging to the same series as E. incrassatu.

Fruits nearly hemispherical, about 1 cm. in diameter, with numerous longitudinal ribs, or nearly
smooth. Rim broadish, valves exsert.

Named in honour of Mr. Ernest Le Souef, Director of the Zoological Gardens,

Perth, who furthered my botanical expedition to Western Australia (1909), by every
means in his power.

RANGE.

Tus species occurs in Western Australia. ‘The type comes from Kalgoorlie
(J. H. Maiden). TI have also collected it from a Wood Line about 70 miles north of
Kurrawang, while I have received it from Dr. A. Morrison, who obtained it from
Hampton Plains, near Coolgardie (E. Lidgey).

188

7 a
Pose Na aS:
1. With £. corrugata, Luehmann.

HE. Le Souefit possesses considerable external resemblance to another
“corrugated” species, H. corrugata, Luehmann, and the anthers are nearly similar.
The buds are different in shape, the opercula being very dissimilar not only in shape,
but in the circumstance that its diameter is greater at the point of junction to the
calyx-tube. It appears to be intermediate between &. corrugata and LB. incrassata.

2. With E. goniantha, Turez.
From £. goniantha, Turez., it is sharply separated by the anthers, which
belong to the H. oleosa series in that species.

3. With E. Griffithsii, Maiden.
From F. Griffithsti, Maiden, it is separated by the buds and fruits, and by the
narrow juvenile leaves of that species.

189

DESCRIERION.
LXX VII. EF. Clelandi, sp. nov.

Arbor mediocriter alta, ‘‘ Blackbutt” nota.
Cortex basi arboris rimosa, major pars trunci et omnes rami teretes. Ramuli glauci.
Lignum brunneum, durissimum.

Folia pendula. Folia juvenes ovato-acuminata, glauca, concoloria ven non prominulae preter
costam mediam, vena peripherica a margine distincte remota.

Folia matura angustato---lanceolata, 12 em. longa, 1°5 em. lata, glauca, coriacea, venze non
prominul, lateribus penniveniis, vena peripherica a margine parum remota.

Alabastra longis operculis corrugatis, calycis tubus leniter corrugatus v, levis.
Operculum calycis tubo diametro leniter excedens.

Fructus subcylindrici, circiter, *5 cm. longi, valvis leniter exsertis.

A tree of medium size, one of several known in Western Australia as “‘ Blackbutt.”

Bark hard-flaky or fibrous-flaky and blackish at butt, the rest of the trunk and all the branches
smooth. Branchlets glaucous, as likewise the whole of the saplings.

Timber cigar-brown, very hard.
Foliage more or less pendulous.

Juvenile leaves ovate-acuminate, pedunculate, equally glaucous green on both sides, venation not
conspicuous, except the midrib, intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge.

Mature leaves narrow-lanceolate, 12 x 15 cm. being common dimensions, petiolate, dull green,
coriaceous venation not conspicuous, lateral veins feather-like, intramarginal vein hardly removed from the
edge.

Buds with long corrugated opercula, the calyx-tube but slightly corrugate or smooth. Diameter of
the operculum slightly exceeding that of the calyx-tube at the line of junction.

Fruits numerous, very glaucous, nearly sessile on a common peduncle of about 1 cm. Sub-
cylindrical in shape, about °5 em, long, valves slightly exsert.

I have named it in honour of Mr. A. F. Cleland, Civil Engineer, of Kurrawang,
who gave me facilities for travel on the private line of a company with which he is
connected, where I collected this and other imperfectly known trees, and of Dr. J.
Burton Cleland, nephew of the above, who made many botanical investigations in
Western Australia before coming to Sydney.

SYNONYM.

E. goniantha, Turez., var. Clelandi, Maiden, in Proc. West. Aust Nat. Hist.
Soc., iii, 176.
This slip of the pen would have been corrected had I been favoured with a

proof of my paper, but this inadvertence took place through a change in the

management of the society.
B

190

RANGE.

Type from Goongarrie, 65 miles north of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.
Collected also at Lannin’s timber camp, then (1909) nearly 70 miles north of
Kurrawang.

28, Sie MS i iy

The precise position of this species cannot be stated in absence of anthers,
but I have spared no pains to endeavour to get flowers, and have failed. I have
followed the precedent of an eminent botanist (Bentham) in naming a eucalypt
(cesia) in absence of flowers.

1. With F. Le Souefii, Maiden.

It possesses obvious external similarities to #. Le Souefii, but it would be
mere assumption to tack it on to that species as a variety, since the anthers might
belong to a different series. Its relation to H. goniantha, Turez., is probably less
close.

2. With F. ealycogona, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden.

When I found #. Cielandi, I found another somewhat similar tree, Z.
calycogona, var. celastroides, which is another of the numerous “ Blackbutts.’’ The
smooth bark of the former is more interlocked than that of the latter. For notes
on var. celastroides, see Part III, p. 79, and discussion of further affinities of £.
Clelandi must be postponed until flowers are available.

191

DESCRIPBPVION.
[XX VIII. FE, decurva, F.v.M.

THE original description will be found in Fragm. iii, 180 (1863), and, as confusion
has arisen in regard to it, I give a translation.

Shrubby, branches soon terete, pruinose, /eaves alternate or irregularly opposite, moderately petiolate,
ovate-or falcate-lanceolate, acuminate with a hooked point, equally coloured on both sides, indistinctly
and distantly penniveined, imperforate, the marginal vein obscure and distant from the margin, solitary
few-flowered axillary or lateral umbels, with rather slender slightly compressed peduncles, pedicels recurved
about as long as the calyx, shorter than the peduncle, narrow-campanulate calyx-tubes nearly twice as long
as the hemispherical finely apiculate operculum, but hardly so broad, anthers cordate-ovate, fruits truncate-
ovate, without ribs; gradually contracted towards the orifice, with included valves and wingless seeds.

In shrubby places near Perongerup (Porongorups), Western Australia. Maxw. (Maxwell).

Tall glabrous shrub. Leaves rather shining, mostly 2 to 4 inches long, } to 1 inch broad, intensely
green, finely veined. Peduncles $ to | inch long, not rarely deflexed in age, Calyax-tube about three lines
long, brown as well as the operculum. /i/aments yellowish in the dried state, the longest hardly three
lines long. /rwit about five lines long. Fertile seeds much larger than the sterile ones, blackish, nearly
oblique-tetreedric.

Then Bentham describes it in B.FV. iii, 249, but, as I shall show presently, he
confused it in part with #. falcata, Turez., while ‘‘ A specimen in fruit only from
Murchison River, Oldfield, (which) looks like the same species” (B.Fl. iii, 249)
is HL. oleosa, F.v.M.

Then Mueller wakes the following statement :—

EL. decurva (Fragm. phytogr. Austral., iii, 130) is recognised already by its elongated anthers, which
are very evidently longer than broad, opening with paratlel narrow slits, quite agreeing with those of
genuine species of the series Parallelantheree, but Bentham’s description of EF. decwrva in the Flora
Australiensis, iii, 249, refers extensively to such varieties of 1. oleosa as verge to Z. falcataand E.fgoniantha,
all of which, with #. concolor, should in the anthereal system be placed close to H. decipiens among the
Micranthere. (Lucalyptographia, LE. gracilis.)

It is a tall, spindly Mallee-like shrub of 10-15 feet. The upper parts of the
branches are glaucous, which make it somewhat conspicuous. The branchlets are
red.

The juvenile foliage is now recorded for the first time. It is nearly elliptical-
ovate, stem-clasping, lobed at the base, slightly glaucous, equally green on both
sides, Some leaves are about 23 inches long by 2} broad.

192

RANGE.

lhe species is confined to Western Australia, so far as we know at present.
Following is the label in Mueller’s handwriting on the type :—

“ Hucalyptus decurva! Ferd. Mueller. East from Perongerup. Maxw.”
(Maxwell). The specimen I have seen is in bud only.

Following is a copy of the label of the same specimen in Maxwell’s hand-
writing :— i
“ Shrub, east from the Perongerups. Bark smooth. ‘Ten feet. Very much

like the East Mt. Barren Eucalypti.”

I collected it in the same place or district, i.e., in various parts of the Kalgan
Plains, between the Porongorups and the Stirling Range.

Diels (No. 3,420) collected it practically in the same place, viz., between King
George’s Sound and Cape Riche.

E. Pritzel (No. 469) gives “South West Plantagenet,’ which is still the
same district.

AN gala Os lg Rls ess

1. With EF. faleata, Turez.

So much confusion has arisen between the two species that it will be useful
to clear the matter up.

As stated in Fragm. iii, 180, the type of #. decurva, F.v.M., was collected
by Maxwell near the Porongorups. Other Eucalypts were collected by the same
collector at the same place. Some years ago I received a fragment of a plant stated
to be the type, from the Herbier Barbey-Boissier at Geneva, and, with it in my hand,
hunted in the vicinity of the Porongorups for it. I matched this particular specimen
absolutely, but found it to be & falcata, Turcez. (See p. 180, Part XV.)

Speaking of the stamens of Z. decurva, F.v.M., Bentham says, ‘‘ Stamens
slender, inflected with ah acute angle.” (B.Fl. iii, 197.) And again, ‘‘ Stamens
about 3 lines long, the filaments slender and acutely inflected as in #. wncinata and
E. corynocalyx ; anthers very small, globular, with distinct parallel cells.” (B.Fl.
iii, 249.)

The stamens described are those of #. falcata, The filaments of FH. decurva
are not inflected at an acute angle.

193

Then we have :—

Eucalyptus decurva, F.v.M. (B. FI. iii, 249).
In statu typico a priori facile distinguitur, sed formis intermediis variis eacum connectam esse
videtur.

Vidimus frutices 1-3 m. alt. non nisi per distr. Stirling in arenosis sparsos floribus ochroleucis
hinc inde purpureo-suffusis onustos m. Jul.; pr. Warriup formam ad £. oleosam, F.v.M.., vergentem
(D. 3,420), ad latera collis. Suckey’s Peak formam typicam (D. 2,989). (Diels and Pritzel, Engler’s
Jahrb., xxxv (1905), p. 443.)

In the above passage the form of 4. deeurva (D. 3,420) stated to show transit
to #. oleosa is the true H. decurva, while the “forma typica” (D. 2,989), is really
E. falcata.

If my readers will compare Plate 68, Part XV, with figures 1 and 2 of the
present Part, no further difficulty will arise in the future as to the confusion of
Hi. decurva and FH. falcata. ‘The trouble doubtless arose originally through some
mixing of specimens of what were at the time very rare species, a mixing that can
be readily understood by one who has been over the ground, since the two species
grow in the same localities, and the plants present a somewhat similar appearance.
The confusion originally arose with fruiting specimens—there is a more marked
difference between the buds. ‘The filaments and anthers are different.

2. With F. oleosa, F.v.M.

Bentham (B. F/. iii, 249) quotes Drummond’s 5th Coll. 186 (in addition to the
type collected by Maxwell) as #. decurva, F.v.M.

He also calls the same specimen EF. wncinata, var. rostrata (B.FI. iii, 216).

I have (fig. 16, Plate 66, and p. 178, Part XV) stated that,. in my opinion,
Drummond’s specimen is /. oleosa, var. glauca. It is this variety which presents
the closest similarity to #. decurva, but the buds and fruit are of a different shape,
and those of #. decurva are more drooping, while the anthers of #. decurva are not
closely related to those of #. oleosa, but have a greater resemblance to those of the
E. incrassata group.

I have already referred to the fact that Bentham (B.//7. iii, 249) refers certain
Murchison River specimens of Oldfield to #. decurva, or rather states that they
“look like the same species.’

b)

These specimens are doubly unfortunate, for (B.FV. iii, 253) they were
referred to EL. facunda also. They really belong to L. oleosa, and I have cleared
the matter up at p. 169, Part XV, while they are figured at $a and 3b, Plate 22, Part
IV.

They are in fruit only, and the reference is pardonable enough. ‘They are,
however, less pendulous, rather smaller, have the valves rather more exsert and the
styles more persistent ; the leaves are also more shiny than those of 4. decurva.

194

3. With E. cladocalyx, FE.v.M.

E. decurva reminds one of the droop of flowers and shape of buds of
BF. cladocalyx, but the anthers and the fruits are very different.

4. With FE. doratoxylon, F.v.M.

F. decurcva is the complementary species to #. doratoxylon, the most obvious
difference between them being the broader leaves and larger inflorescence generally
of the former species.

5. With &. incrassata, Labill.

The figures of H#. decurva in this Part may be compared with those of
E. incrassata in Part 1V.

6. With EF. leucoxylon, F.v.M.

This species has also a more or less decurved inflorescence (see fig. 18a,
Plate 55).. The shape of the fruits is also a good deal similar, but in 2. leucoxylon
the fruit tends to crack round the rim when ripe, which has not been noted so far
in EZ. decurva. FE. leucoxylon is a large tree, and differs in many respects from
LE. decurva.

195

DESC RKTLBIRLON.

LXXIX. E. doratoxylon, F.v.M.

Iv was originally described in fragmenta, ii, 55 (1860). The specific name begins
with a capital D in the original.

It was then described in English by Bentham (B. Fi. iii, 249).
It is figured and described by Mueller in the Hucalyptographia.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

It is usually a shrub, but Mueller quotes Mr. Thomas Muir as stating that
its trunk attains 3 feet in diameter. The bark is stated to be greenish white.

The strize in the fruits depicted in the Hucalyptographia may be misleading.
The ripe fruits are quite smooth, and of course there is shrivelling in unripe fruits,
but nothing approaching striation.

The flowers are depicted as erect; all that I have seen are pendulous, like
the buds.

RANGE.

The species has not been found out of Western Australia.

Maxwell originally obtained it at a place called Kojoneerup, which I cannot
trace, and would suggest that it is in the vicinity either of the Stirling Range, or of
the Russell Range, where Mueller stated Maxwell collected it.

E. buprestium was found in the same locality (Hucalyptographia); the
spelling is Kojonerup in B.F/. ip, 206.

The names of the old collectors are sometimes omitted from modern maps, or
so altered in spelling that one fails to recognise them. At the same time, they are
obviously of importance to the botanist.

In Hooker’s Journ. Bot., i, 247 (1849) and subsequent pages, is a letter from
James Drummond, dated Cape Riche, 29th October, 1848. He is giving an account
of his collecting trip, “principally on the Perongarup and Toolbranup Hills

196

(Stirling Range), and in the vicinity of Cape Riche.” He speaks on several
occasions of collecting on ‘‘Conginecrup, near the east end of the mountain,” and
with other context.

I

I would suggest that ‘‘Kojoneerup”? and ‘ Congineerup” refer to the
same place. Congineerup is evidently not part of the Stirling Range, although it

may be in the same district.

The localities given by Bentham are Lucky Bay, &. Brown (this is a few
miles south-east of Esperance.—J.H.M.), Sullinup (I would suggest that this is a
copy of bad handwriting for “Stirling.”—J.H.M.) Ranges and Russell Range (a
little north-west of Israelite Bay.—J.H.M), Maxwell, Baxter, Drummond, 3rd Coll.
No. 69, 4th Coll. No. 97.

Mueller (Eucalyptographia) adds the localities, Cape Arid, also ‘* Mount
Lindsay” (north of Wilson’s Inlet.—J.H.M.), “extending to the most south-eastern
sources of Swan River (Muir), mostly in rich soil along brooks, reaching the
summits of mountains up to 3,000 feet elevation.”’

T have seen the following specimens :—

No. 4,792. R. Brown. South Coast, 1802-5. Probably Lucky Bay. I
have also seen a specimen, labelled in Brown’s handwriting, ‘“ Bay 1,” which we
know to be Lucky Bay.

No. 69. Drummond in Herb. Cant. in bud only.

“ Bell Gum,” Kalgan, Western Australia (Oldfield). In Herb. Barbey-
Boissier. This locality is near the Stirling Range, and the name “ Bell Gum” was
given partly in allusion to the shape of the fruit, but chiefly because of its
pendulous habit.

Red Gum Pass, Stirling Range (Dr. A. Morrison).
« Blue Gum,” Wilson’s Inlet, Western Australia (Oldfield), in Herb, Cant.
Then we have :—

“In dist. Eyre a sinu Esperance Bay septentrionem versus preecipue alluvia
argillaceo-arenosa subnitrosa occupat (D. 5,535)” (Diels and Pritzel, Engler, Jahro.,
xxxv (1905), p. 443). So that the known localities extend from the Russell
Range in the east to Mount Lindsay in the west, thence to Cape Arid, Lucky Bay,
Esperance Bay to the Stirling Range, thence going north to the sources of the
Avon, say a few miles east of Pingelly.

It will thus be seen that many gaps require to be filled as regards the range
of this interesting species.

197

AT EIN GEES,

land 2. With F. decurva, ¥.v.M., and E. faleata, Turez.

Bentham (B./7. iii, 250) says ‘Allied in: many respects, especially in the
inflorescence and shape of the flowers to #. decurva; this species is readily
distinguished by the leaves mostly opposite, and by the stamens.”

This may be termed a complementary species to H. decurva, and decurved
peduncles are observable in both species. The leaves of HH. doratoxylon are
narrower, and the fruits smaller. (See Plate 70.)

As regards Bentham’s remarks, it must be borne in mind that he confused
E. decurva with KH. falcata (ante, p. 191). #. doratoxylon has not the ribbed
calyx-tube of L. faleata, nor the long operculum, while the shape and size of the
fruits is different. ae

198

DESC KRIEBTION.
I[XXX. E. corrugata, Luehmann.

Victorian Naturalist, Melbourne, xiii, 168 (1897).

A tree attaining about 30 feet in height, with a smooth, ashy-grey bark.

Leaves on rather long petioles, mostly narrow-lanceolar, slightly falcate, narrowed at the base,
acuminate, 3 inches to 4 inches long, + inch to rarely 3 inch broad, rather thick, dark green and very
shining on both sides, black-dotted, the lateral veins rather numerous and spreading but hardly visible
without a lens, the marginal vein close to the edge.

Peduneles axillary or lateral, nearly terete, about half an inch long, bearing an umbel of 3 to 5
shortly pedicellate flowers.

Calyx-tube hemispherical, with 6 to 8 very prominent ridges, about } inch across, brownish,
shining.

Operculum hemispherical, with ridges similar to those of the calyx.

Stamens mostly inflected in bud ; anthers oblong, opening by parallel longitudinal slits.

Fruit hemispherical, not much larger than the flowering calyx, mostly 4-celled, nearly flat-topped,
the valves shortly protruding.

Goiden Valley, in the interior of Western Australia. W. A. Sayer.

This species is evidently allied to 2. incrassata, but none of the forms of that species have such
high ridges, nor the same hemispheric shape of the calyx and operculum. £. pachyphylla, which has also
prominent ribs, can be easily distinguished by the broader dull-coloured leaves, as well as other characters,

Notes supplementary to the Description.

The late Mr. Luehmann says nothing about the prominent ridges of the fruit
(see 6a, 7c, Plate 70), perhaps leaving them to be presumed from the description of
the calyx-tube.

The juvenile foliage is still unknown.

RANGE.

So far as I know, this species has never been collected far from the place
where it was originally found. This is Golden Valley, which is near Southern Cross,
Western Australia.

I collected it about 5 miles from Southern Cross, going northerly. A tree of
medium size, glaucous at the time of my visit (September).

199

APFINI] BEES:

1. With E. inerassata, Labill.

Mr. Luehmann drew attention to this. The corrugation in the organs of
H. incrassata can be seen in Plate 14. After the first proofs of Plate 70 had been
printed off I found a few immature stamens in my Southern Cross specimens and
figured them at 7c. The anthers are what I know as “incrassata”’ anthers.

2. With FE. Le Souefii, Maiden. (See Plate 69.)

In this case the operculum is very different, as has been pointed out (ante
p. 188). Here are two forms, and there are others, which belong to the Z. incrassata
group, and different botanists may hold different opinions as to whether we should
constitute a wider Z. incrassata, with many varieties. Until Western Australia (not
to mention other States) is very much better explored botanically, it seems desirable
to give specific names to some of these forms.

3. With EF. pachyphylla, F.v.M.

Mr. Luehmann drew attention to this, but he did not give the name of the
author. It is not, however, H. pachyphylla, F.v.M., p.101, Part IV, nor H#. pachy-
phylla, A.Cunn., p. 103 of the same Part, both of which are forms of £. incrassata.

It is doubtless another H. pachyphylla, F.v.M., viz., that which is figured in
‘the Eucalyptographia, and which is thought by some to be a form of Z. pyriformis,
Turez. It has been figured at 6a and 6b of Plate 75, which will be published in
Part XVII of thiswork. Fruits, buds and anthersare very different; the two species
have raised ribs on buds and fruits; this presents their greatest similarity.

4. With EF. goniantha, Turez.

Diels and Pritzel (Engler’s Jahrb., XX XV (1905), p. 443) drew attention to the
strong affinity between these two species. The buds and flowers of E. goniantha are
alone known. As will be seen from fig. la, Plate 18, Part IV, the opercula and the
buds generally are very different,

200

DESC REPAION.
LXXXI. E. goniantha, Turcz.

THE original description will be found in Bull. Soc. Nat, Mose., xx, pt. i, p. 163
(1847), and is set out at p. 103, Part IV, of the present work. So it need not be
repeated at this place.

_ It was afterwards described by Bentham at B. FI. iii, 248.
, All that we know of this species is contained in Bentham’s description.

© Unless further information is contained in labels in any of the herbaria, it is
not even known whether it is a shrub or a tree.

The description of the juvenile foliage, &c., as recorded under L. goniantha,
Turez., in my paper, Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. and Science Soc., iii, 176, should be
deleted. It mainly refers to #. Le Souefii, and was inserted in that place through
a slip of the pen, while through inadvertence I received no proof of the paper.

SYNONYM.

E. incrassata, Labill., var. goniantha, Maiden.

In page 103, Part IV, I made this variety, but my view was erroneous.

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia. Bentham (B.F/l. iii, 248) gives the
following localities:—King George’s Sound or to the eastward, Collie, Baxter,
Drummond, 8rd Coll. No. 71; Franklin River, Waawell (in fruit only, with rather
broad leaves).

The species is evidently rare, for in my recent journeys I could not find it,
although I made diligent search. I should be very grateful if any of my readers
could give me a precise locality from which I could procure it. Kew has not
Maxwell’s specimen, nor any fruiting specimen of the species. I have been unable
to see a fruit in any herbarium.

201

AE ETN TERRES.

1. With EF. incrassata, Labill.

Mueller drew attention to this affinity (p. 103, Part IV) and I need not
reprint his statement here.

2. With E. oleosa, F.v.M.

From the point of view of the anthers the affinity of 2. goniantha is with
HH. oleosa and not with LH. incrassata.

3. With F. falcata, Turez.
Its closest affinity seems to be with this species. More can be said when the
fruit of #. goniantha is discovered.

202

DESCRIBEFON.
LXXXII. FE. Stricklandi, Maiden.

In Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., iii, p. 175 (1911).

Frutex creditus est ; ramuli glauci; folia matura pallida, concoloria postea nitida, coriacea, crassa,
petiolata, lanceolata ; flores sessiles pedunculo latissimo planoque. Operculuim prope ovoideum, calycis
tubus distincte expansus costam prominentem formans. Calycis tubus operculo equilongus (1 cm.), costatus
expansusque, duabus costis prope alas formantes. Videtur 2. incrassate in antheris forsan approximanda.
Fructus, sub-cylindrici ; lenissime, urceolati ; sessiles, circiter, 1°5 em. longi et 1 cm. in diametro.

Probably a shrub, but no particulars furnished. Branchlets, glaucous. Juvenile leaves not seen.

Mature leaves pale dull green on both sides, afterwards glossy on both sides, coriaceous, thick,
petiolate, lanceolate. (The few leaves seen, up to 10 em. long, and 2-3 em. broad.)

Flowers—the buds three to six in the umbel as seen, sessile on a very broad flat peduncle 1-15
em. long. Opercula nearly ovoid, the calyx-tube markedly expanded at the line of junction, forming a
well-defined ridge, and forming an “ egg-in-egg-cup”” arrangement. Calyx-tube of about the same length as
the operculum (1 cm.) ridged and flattened, so that two of the ridges almost form wings.

Long narrow anther, with long narrow gland, filament nearly at the base ; is related to H-incrassata
as regards anthers, but closer to 2. Campaspe, Moore, and £. diptera, Andrews, so far as we have evidence
at present. Filaments dry red.

Fruits sub-cylindrical, very slightly urceolate, two equi-distant sharp low ridges or wings, sessile,
about 1:5 em. long by 1 cm. in diameter, rim grooved and narrow, valves (four in the specimens seen) with
their tips below the orifice.

It is a remarkable plant, is probably small, and is worthy of cultivation for its
handsome and striking flowers. It isnamed in honour of His Excellency Sir Gerald
Strickland, K.C.M.G., Governor of Western Australia.

RANGE.

Confined to Western Australia, so far as we know. It has only been found on
the Hampton Plains Estate, east of Coolgardie, where it was found by Mr. E. Lidgey,
and communicated to me by Dr. A. Morrison.

BEEING Y:
With £. grossa, F.v.M.

The closest affinity of this species is to 2. grossa, F.v.M., from which it
differs in the peculiar shape of the buds, and to a less extent in the fruits. The
filaments of the new species dry red, while they appear to always remain yellow in
EE. grossa.

I cannot see my way to assume that it is a variety of that species.

203

DESCRIPTION:
LXXXII. E. Campaspe, S. le M. Moore.

In Journ. Linn. Soe., xxxiv, 193 (1899).

FoLLow1Ine is a translation of the original description :—

A large much-branched shrub with shortly petiolate lanceolate leaves, obtusely acuminate, straight
or slightly falcate, peduncles axiflary or extra-axillary and abbreviated, broadly winged, two to six-flowered,
with pedicels shorter than the calyx-tube, the calyx-tube broad-turbinate, with a nearly hemispherical
umbunate operculum little longer than the calyx-tube. Anthers oblong-ovate, distinctly dehiscent, with
an ovarium little shorter than the calyx-tube, covered at the top.

Hab. Gibraltar (Western Australia), flowers in the month of October.

About 4 metres high. Leaves 6 to 11 cm. long, at the middle 1 to 2 em. broad, gradually
contracted towards the base on both sides, with a whitish bloom, the midrib very conspicuous, especially
underneath, the side-nerves inconspicuous, forming an obscure and incomplete network, the marginal nerve
close to the margin, occasionally obscure, the petioles 1 cm. long. Peduncles -6 to *8 em. long, -3 to
‘4 em. broad, covered with a white bloom, as well as the branchlets, pedicels, and calyces. _ Pedicels not
beyond -2 cm. long. Calyx-tube ‘4 cm. long, -6 cm. diameter, conspicuously marginate. Operculum °6 cm.
long, shortly and obtusely mucronate. Stamens | cm, long, inflexed in the bud; anthers :12 cm, long.
Capsules unknown.

-Notes supplementary to the Description.

Mr. Moore could only spare me the material depicted at 2a, 2b, 2c, but I
have since obtained further specimens, including the fruits.

At p. 120, Part IV of this work, is a photograph of a forest scene near
Coolgardie. The tree to the left is #. torquata, Luehmann, while the small or
medium-sized tree to the right is #. Campaspe, Moore, and is described by Dr. L. C.
Webster, who took the photograph, as ‘‘a White Gum with ribbony bark.”’

The juvenile foliage is at present unknown.

The anthers open very widely in parallel slits, the dehiscence often tearing
the anther-cell wall at both top and bottom. ‘The gland often fills up the back of
the anther, and the two edges of the cells may not enclose it, as in #. diptera.

The filament is at the base of the anther.

RANGE.

It was found at Gibraltar, Western Australia, by the describer (Gibraltar is
in lat. 31° 3’ S., and long. 120° 59’ E., and is, say, 15 miles south-west of Coolgardie),
and later on by Mr. (now Dr.) L. C. Webster, a few miles out of Coolgardie, more
definite locality not stated. Also by Ernest Lidgey, Block 59, Hampton Plains
Estate, east of Coolgardie.

204
It was first found (recorded as H. obcordata, Turez., in Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A.,
xvi, 358) by Mr. R. Helms, 40 miles from Fraser’s Range, 5th November, 1891

(* Elder Exploring Expedition”), which is about 100 miles south-east of
Coolgardie.

oe NS.

1. With £. rudis, Endl.

Mr. Moore suggests the affinity of his species to #. rudis, and op. cit., p. 198, he
uses the following words :—

The affinity would seem to be with #. rudis, Endl., which is a tree with broader leaves on longer
petioles ; it has neither the short conspicuously winged peduncles nor the sub-sessile flowers ; moreover, its
operculum is longer and conical.

I do not think the resemblance is at all close; however, the comparison can
be well deferred until I figure #. rudis.

2, 3, 4. With EF. torquata, Luehmann, £. diptera, Andrews, and E. incrassata,
Labill.

It would appear that the stamens most closely resemble those of the first. two
species. loa

The stamens also resemble those of H. incrassata, but not so closely as those
of the species named. A difference between the 2. Campaspe and E. incrassata
stamens, so far as we know at present, is in the longer gland of H. Campaspe, the
filament at the base of H. Campaspe, whereas in EL. incrassata it is much further up.
They also appear to vary in the dehiscences ; in H. Campaspe the anther-cell walls
often split from top to bottom (see 4b, Plate 71), while in #. incrassata it would
appear that the dehiscence never proceeds so far,

_ The affinity of #. Campaspe is not very close to any of these species ; it would
appear to be as close to /. diptera as to any, but we require full material of both
species, including timber, and to examine /#. Campaspe and other species in the
bush, before we can speak fully as to affinities.

5. With F. inerassata, Labill., var. conglobata, another Eucalypt which has
hemispherical fruits with exserted valves and strap-shaped peduncles. (See Plate 17,
Part IV.) It is, however, non-glaucous. The opercula are different, and so are the
stamens. .

6. With F. annulata, Benth. (£. cornuta, Labill., var. annulata, F.v.M.)

In this species or variety, which, by the way, is not glaucous, we have
hemispherical fruits, and a‘strap-shaped peduncle. The tips of the valves are much
more protruded in H. annulata; the operculum is totally different; the filaments are
yellowish and long in #. annulata, and dry reddish in #. Campaspe.

205
7. With EF. alba, Reinw.

The buds of the two species are often alike in shape, but this is the only
morphological similarity I can see.

8. EF. pleurocarpa is one of the most glaucous (almost mealy) of all West
Australian species, and is mentioned only for that reason, for 2. Campaspe is
especially glaucous.

206

DESCRIETION.
LXXXIV. E. diptera, Andrews.

Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., i, 42 (1904).

A slender tree of 10-20 feet. Branches terete, of a dark-red colour ; branchlets angular.

Leayes on petioles of 3-1 inch, linear-lanceolate, faleate, 3 inches long and }-} inch broad. The
midrib and thickened margins prominent, the reticulate veins not conspicuous, the intramarginal one close
to the edge. Oil glands copious.

Flowers small, sessile, generally in clusters of three.

Calyx-tube about 4 lines long and equally broad, the lower part flattened, and continuing to the
top in the form of two wings. :

Operculum fallen from all the specimens collected.

Stamens numerous, white, about 5 lines long, acutely inflected in the bud ; anthers oblong, the
cells back to back.

Ovary with conical summit ; style about 3 lines long, thick, clavate.
Fruit not seen in advanced state.

This species belongs to the series Vormales and the sub-series Subsessiles. It does not appear to
have any very close ally. The shape of the calyx is very peculiar; the rim is almost circular when seen
from above, though the two sharp keels just appear, but the base is closely compressed, being 2-3 lines
long, and only 3 line broad where it is attached to the branch.

Mr. Andrews found this species in flower north of Esperance, in October, 1903.

Notes supplementary to the Description.

The stamens collected are very few and poor, the plant having just flowered
off. Therefore one must be careful in describing them and making generalisations.
The anthers open widely in parallel slits. There is a large gland filling up the
back of the anther. The two cells appear to join together, almost covering over the
back of the anther. The filament is attached to the base of the anther.

RANGE.

Mr. Andrews found it 40 or 50 miles north of Esperance, on the road to
Norseman, and it has not been found since. Esperance is, of course, on the South
coast of Western Australia, about 230 miles east of Albany.

207

UV eM ANAM | sy

Mr. Andrews has observed that 7. diptera does not appear to have any very
close ally, and while it certainly has allies, we cannot say what they are at present.
The figure on Plate 71 has been prepared from the whole of the material at his
disposal. ‘There are no juvenile leaves, no opercula, and the fruit is not perfectly
ripe. But it can be seen that it is a very distinct species.

1: With £. inerassata, Labill., var. conglobata.
Buds in this variety are sometimes winged ; we know nothing of the opercula

of #. diptera. The fruit of #. diptera is very different, and the leaves are wider.

2. EF. obeordata, Turez., var. nutans, has winged buds and fruits, but it has also
strap-shaped peduncles, and many other differences.

3. With E. Oldfieldii, F.v.M.

The nearly sessile-flowered twig of H. Oldfield var., figured on the right
hand of the #. Oldfieldii plate of the ‘‘ Hucalyptographia,”’ bears a superficial
resemblance to #. diptera so-far as we know it, but only superficial.

4, With E. Griffithsii, Maiden.

This also is a winged species, so far as the bud is concerned, but reference to
Plate 71 shows that there is no further resemblance.

208

DESCRIPTION.
LXXXV. E. Griffithstt, Maiden.

In Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. and Science Soc., iii, 177 (1911).

FouL.ow1né is the original description :—

“White Gum” magnus, foliis juvenibis angustis, glauco-viridibus concoloribus, venis obscuris
preter costam mediam. Foliis maturis confertis angusto-lanceolatis, vel lanceolatis, 10 em. longis, 2 em.
latis, petiolo 2-3 cm. longo eodem colore utraque pagina, margine calloso, venis lateralibus plumosis.

Gemmis apicibis planis costatis duabis costis fere in alis dilatatis, floribus ternis, antheris magnis
longisque, a tergo glandula ovale. Fructibus magnis conoidis, valvulis aperte exsertis, margine plana.

A large White.Gum, attaining a trunk diameter of 2 feet, timber reddish-brown in colour, and
esteemed for fuel.

Juvenile foliage thick, narrow-lanceolate, petiolate, but not seen in the strictly opposite stage.
Dull green, the same colour on both sides, oil dots fine and numerous, intramarginal vein not obvious and
not far removed from the thickened margin. Venation, except the midrib, obscure.

Mature foliage thick, narrow lanceolate or lanceolate, 10 cm. long, 2 em. broad, with a petiole of
2 cm. are common dimensions ; glabrous or glaucous, equally green on both sides, intramarginal vein near
edge, or forming the thickened margin, midrib distinct, lateral veins feather-like.

Buds flat-topped, corrugated, with two of the ribs broadened almost into wings, so as to give the
buds the appearance of having broad pedicels. The common peduncles rounded or only slightly flattened.
In threes.

Flowers—Stamens white, but bases of filaments pinkish. Anthers very large and long, with an
oval-shaped gland at the back.

Fruits large, conoid, capsule white, valves distinctly exsert, rim flat. Corrugated, two of the
ridges usually dilated almost to wings. Immature fruits with these wings forming flattened pedicels, and
giving the fruits an almost sessile appearance. As maturity approaches, the fruits become more
hemispherical at the base and the nearly round, comparatively slender pedicels become accentuated from
the fruits. The common peduncle often 2 cm. long and nearly round.

In addition, it may be said that the timber, like that of so many of the Western Australian
gold-fields trees, may be of a cigar-brown colour. The bark is somewhat ribbony, box-scaly at butt.

It is named in honour of my friend, John Moore Griffiths, of Melbourne,
who has taken an active interest in my work for nearly thirty years.

EF. Griffithsii is referred to in Part TV of my “Critical Revision” as a form
of HE. incrassata, with blunt opercula and large subconical fruits. Figured at 5a
to 5d of Plate 15 of that Part.

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia.

The type comes from Kalgoorlie, where, as a large tree, it is now very scarce,
because of the great demand for timber of every kind for the mines and for ordinary
domestic purposes all over the Eastern Gold-fields.

209

It also is found at Kurrawang, and at about 60 or 70 miles north of that
township. It will probably be found over a fairly large area, but there is very little
settlement over much of the country in question. T[ have collected it at the above
places. Mr. R. Helms found it some years previously at Coolgardie.

AP PINT RSS:

1. With F. corrugata, Luehmann.
Its closest affinity appears to be #. corrugata, Luehmann, from which it is
sufficiently separated by the more numerous and more accentuated corrugations of
the buds and fruits and the smaller fruits of H#. corrugata.

2. With E. inerassata, Labill.

It belongs to the FZ. incrassata series as regards anthers, and that affinity is
borne out by examination of other morphological characters. It is, however,
sharply separated from that species by the narrow juvenile foliage.

At the same time we want further juvenile foliage of this species in order to
get thoroughly representative specimens.

3. With F. Campaspe, Moore.
The anthers seem very close to this species, even closer than to those of
E. incrassata, but of course we are dealing with sparse material, and should
be careful as regards generalisations.

210

DESCRIPTION:
EXXXVI. E. grossa, F.v.M.

In Bentham’s Flora Australiensis, iii, 232.

THE description is given at Part IV, p. 104, of this work, where I reduced it
to a variety of H. incrassata, Labill. After further consideration, I think it
desirable to consider it as a species, at all events until such time as we know more
about a number of closely related congeners

It is figured on Plate 18, Part IV, from a cultivated specimen, but Professor
Ewart having lent me a portion of the type which had disappeared from the
Melbourne Herbarium for a period, I figure it on Plate 72.

We still want the juvenile foliage and ripe fruits from uncultivated
specimens.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. pachypoda, F.v.M.

For a description and other particulars, see Part IV, p. 104, of this work.

2. EF. incrassata, Labill., var. grossa, Maiden (loc. cit.).

RANGE.

It has only been found in Western Australia. Bentham gives the locality,
“ Phillip River and its tributaries (Maxwell).”

Diels and Pritzel say of it :—

Frutex 1-3 m. alt., ramis late divaricatis, foliis lete viridibus, floribus ochroleucis preditus
orientem versus monies Fraser’s Range appropinquare videtur.
In distr. Coolgardie meridionali a Grasspatch septentrionem versus in fruticetis lutoso-arenosis
fll m. Nov. (D. 5,285). Engler’s Jahrb., xxxv, 441 (1905).
This statement brings the range somewhat to the north-east of the former
one. Grass Patch is between Esperance and Norseman.

AFFINITY.
With E. inerassata, Labill.

These species are certainly closely related, as already observed.

When we know more about other species belonging to the same series,
we may return to the subject.

211

DESC RIPON.
LXXX VI. FE. Pimpiniana, sp. nov.

Frutex 3-5 altus, ‘ Mallee” vocata. Folia matura pallida, concoloria, preecrassa, lanceolata, ovato-
lanceolata, ovata vel elliptica, Vena peripherica margini incrassata contigua vel congruens, Venz non
prominule. Folia circiter,7°5 c.m.x 2°5 ¢.m., petiolus 2 em, longus, Fructus pyrifo rmes vel sub-cylindrici,
aliquando orificio lenissime constricti, aliquando lenissime distensi juxta orificium, circiter 1-5 em. longi et
1 cm. lati.

Mature leaves pale coloured, dull on both sides, petiolate, very thick, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
ovate or elliptical, intramarginal vein identical with the slightly thickened margin, or but slightly
removed from the edge. Venation, other than the midrib, inconspicuous, lateral veins feather-like, at about
an angle of 45° with the midrib. Oil dots minute, and numerous, resembling black spots under the lens.

Average dimensions of the leaves, 7°5 by 2°5 cm. ; and the length of petiole, 2 cm.
Anther broad, the openings wide, and with a large gland at the back.

Fruits pear-shaped to sub-cylindrical, sometimes slightly constricted at the orifice, and sometimes
slightly distended one-third of the distance from the mouth ; about 1-5 em. long by 1 em. broad. Three
or four celled, the points of the valves deeply sunk below the orifice, rim well marked though not broad.

Several in an umbel, the rounded pedicel, which only slightly tapers from the fruit, varying in
length from one-half to the whole length of the fruit.

The fruits pendulous and the common peduncle rounded (hardly flattened and never approaching
strap-shape) exceedingly long (commonly 4 em.).

The proposed specific name is from the native name of the plant.

The material of this species is so scanty that for a long time I hesitated to
describe it as new. But it seems sufficiently distinct from what appears to be its
nearest congener that I think it is in the interests of science to give it a separate
name.

I do not like describing a species on such imperfect material, but I bear in
mind Bentham’s justifiable example with #. cesia, and a description with a
figure will, sooner or later, lead to the collection of a full suite of specimens.

The material consists of mature leaves, a ripe fruit (no seeds), together with

a number of more or less ripe fruits im situ, and a few anthers. There are the
remains of a number of anthers, but insects had destroyed most of them.

RANGE.

Only known from one locality at present. It was collected by Mr. Henry
Deane, M.A., M. Inst. C.E., Consulting Engineer to the Commonwealth, while
inspecting the trial survey of the Transcontinental Railway between Port Augusta,
South Australia, and Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in June, 1909.

Mr. Deane’s notes are “‘ Dwarf Mallee, 3 to 5 feet only. ‘ Pimpin’ (native
name), Sand-hills east of Ooldea, South Australia” (é.e., north of Fowler’s Bay).

APPIN PRES:

1. With £. inerassata, Labill.

From the material available its closest affinity appears to be H. incrassata.
This is borne out by the shape of the anther (the anthers of several species are,
however, closely allied or identical).

The foliage seems different from that of H. incrassata, while the shape of the
fruits and the long peduncles seem to show difference also.

2. With £. sepulcralis, F.v.M.

The fruits remind one somewhat of those of H. sepuleralis, a not very well
known species. In that species, however, the fruit has a tendency to be ovate, and in
E Pimpiniana to be obovate. The anthers are different, as also the leaves, and the
size of the tree.

213

DESC RIPPIN.
LXXX VIII. E. Woodwardi, Maiden.

In Journ. W.a, Nat. Hist. and Science Soc., iii, 42 (1910).

FoLLowINe is the original description :—

Arborea 15-15 m. (40-50 pedes) alta, cortice glabre base rimosiore, glaucissima.

Folia matura crassa rigidaque, late lanceolata, petiolata, circiter 10-15 cm. longa, 4-5 lata
inconspicue venosa, venis lateralibus angulo circiter 45° approxime parallelis.

Alabastrum magnum, pedunculatum, subcostatum calyce urceolato, operculo hemispherico rostro
obtuso.. Anthere cellis parallelis adnatis. glandula magno dorso.

Fructus urceolatus vel prope campanulatus, subcostatus circiter 15 mm. longus, similis in maxima
latitudine, margo prominens, 5-valvulis, valvularum apicibus equis cum orificio.

Videtur &. incrassate varietati angulase et HL. cesice forsan approximanda.

A tree of 40-50 feet, bark smooth, somewhat scaly at the butt, all parts very glaucous, almost
mealy (except perhaps the oldest leaves). The foliage contains a good deal of a not very agreeably
smelling oil.

Juvenile leaves not seen in the early stages. In an intermediate stage petiolate, ovate to
ovate-acuminate, venation distinct though not very prominent, midrib channelled, lateral veins making
approximately an angle of 45° with the midrib and roughly parallel, intramarginal vein at a considerable
distance from the edge.

Mature leayes very thick, rigid, and glaucous, both sides of the leaf identical, nearly symmetrical,
petiolate (petioles about 2 cm.), broadly lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, tapering to a not very fine point,
commonly 10-15 em. long by 4—5 broad, midrib distinct, usually thickened margin, venation fine and not
readily made out, but very similar in position to that of the intermediate leaf.

Suds and flowers—Buds large, pedunculate, calyx and operculum slightly ribbed, calyx urceolate,
the op: reulum hemispherical and tapering rather abruptly into a blunt beak. Flowers not seen expanded
-but anthers removed from three-quarter ripe buds, with parallel cells joined together for their whole
length, and with a large gland at the back.

Fruits—On rounded common peduncles about 15 mm., the pedicels about 5 mm. ; up to 7 in the
umbel, each fruit sharply separated from the pedicel, urceolate or nearly bell-shaped, about 15 mm. long
and the same in greatest width ; rim well defined, 5-valved (in the specimens seen) with the tips of the
valves flush with the orifice.

In honour of Bernard Henry Woodward, director of the Museum and Art
Gallery, Perth, who, by the supply of photographs and specimens, and in other
ways, has helped me in my monograph of this genus.

ANC yL,

One small pateh seen, 120 miles east of Kalgoorlie, Transcontinental Railway
Survey. Collected by Henry Deane, M.A., M. Inst. C.E., Consulting Engineer,
May, 1909.

Found also by RK. Helms at Camp 63, 60 miles south of Victoria Spring,

Western Australia, 27th September, 1591,
1D)

214

AFFINIELES.

Its closest affinity appears to be with :—

1. E. inerassata, Labill., var. angulosa, Benth.

But £. incrassata and its varieties have foliage glabrous and even shiny,
except that the juvenile foliage is sometimes slightly glaucous. Its inflorescence
is sessile on a broad flat peduncle, while the buds are more ribbed, the operculum
more tapering; the fruits also are more cylindrical, usually more ribbed, and the
valves are sunk,

The anthers are a good deal similar (and, indeed, to anthers of other species
of the same group).

2. With EF. cesia, Benth.

This species was collected by Drummond, and is imperfectly known, only
buds, fruits and leaves being available. We have Bentham’s description, and until
F.. cesia is again collected (so far as I know only Drummond has found it) we
must be in doubt as to some of its relationships. But, as compared with JL.
Woodwardi, the leaves are very much smaller and less coarse, the fruits are much
larger and constricted a little at the orifice, and not widened at the orifice (bell-
shaped) like 2. Woodwardi.

There is less ribbing of buds and fruits. Furthermore, in #. cwvsia there is
a very broad, smooth rim. The two species are probably closely related, but I think
that they are quite distinct.

Its relations with some other very glaucous species may be indicated as
follows :—

3. With F. miniata, A. Cunn.

This species has also the buds more or less ribbed. But they are sessile, and
the fruits are larger and of a different shape; the leaves are thinner, and have the
venation more marked than those of 2. Woodwardi.

4. E. Campaspe, 8. le M. Moore.

The foliage is much smaller, the buds are nearly sessile, rounded in shape

(ovoid), the fruits nearly hemispherical, and the valves slightly exsert.
5. E. pleurocarpa, Schauer (E. tetragona, F.v.M.). :

The foliage of this and 2. Woodwardi are often a good deal similar, and
so they might be confused in the bush. The branchlets and buds are a good deal
more angular, and the calyx is toothed, the fruit is larger and more cylindrical.
E. pleurocarpa belongs to the Section Eudesmiie, and the anthers are different.

6. E. pruinosa, Schauer.
It has some general resemblance to the above species in its glaucousness and
(sometimes) size of fruit, but the two species differ sharply in anthers and foliage
(the leaves of 7. pruinosa are sessile).

215

ILES STERILES.

I am indebted to Dr. L. Diels for the following note :—

As suggested by your remark on p. 117, Part LV, I avail myself of the opportunity to set forth my
recorded by Baudin’s Expedition. ~ Having gone through several

?

views about the locality “ Iles Stériles ’
of the old original books, I am satisfied (with you) that this name has never been used in published
literature. At the same time, there is no doubt to me that it is a translation of the Dutch ‘“Dorre Eylandt”
(barren island), and means, in a broader sense, those three islands called nowadays Dirk Hartog Island,
Dorre Island, and especially Bernier Island, in Shark’s Bay. These islands, being discovered by Dirk
Hartog in 1616, were more thoroughly explored, for the first time, by the expedition of Baudin. They are
fully described in Perron’s and L. de Freycinet’s report of this voyage (‘‘ Voyage de decouvertes aux Terres
Australes,” Paris). There is a quite detailed paragraph on their vegetation in this book. It is safe to
suppose that several species have been collected on Bernier Island. I think the species labelled “Iles
Stériles ’ came from there ; for all of them we are aware of belong to the flora of sandy dunes on limestone
formation, just as it is met with on these islands ; for instance, Lucalyptus fwcunda, which was collected
again near Shark’s Bay by Milne (v. p. 115 of your Revision) ; further Beyeria eyancscens, Bth. (Flor. Aust.
vi, 66), this plant has been collected again or Dirk Hartog’s Island by Naumann (in Herb. Berlin) ; and,
eyen more deciding, Scholtfia leptantha, Benth. We have this plant from “ Tles Stériles” in Herb. Berlin,
communicated by the Paris Museum, as to herb. R. Brown (vide Bth. F. Awst., iii, 70). Now the same
species was collected near Shark’s Bay by Milne, on Dirk Hartog’s Island by Naumann, on dunes near
Carnarvon by myself. The whole evidence leads me to the conclusion that ‘“ Iles Stériles ” are those (really
exceedingly barren) islands in Shark’s Bay. The name, then, is an extension of the old Dutch “ Dorre
Eylandt,” which meant only one of them. That this informal, rather provisional naming has been retained
on the Jabels, while the official report has only the valid names (Ile Dirk Hartog, Ile Dorre, He de
Bernier), is not surprising when one considers how very little care was taken about correct labelling by
the old botanists.

Explanation of Plates (69-72).
PLATE 69.
E. oleosa, F.v.M., var. Flocktoni, Maiden.

la, 1b. Mature leaves; 1c, buds; 1d, le, fruits of the type. Desmond, near Ravensthorpe, Western
Australia, (J.H.M.)

2a. Mature leaf; 26, bud and flowers; 2c, anthers; 2d, fruits from co-type. Hsperance, Western
Australia. (i. L. Cowen.)

3a. Mature leaf; 36, fruits much less corrugated than those of the type. Murchison River, Western
Australia. (Oldfield.)

4a. Fruit, smaller in size and less corrugated ; 46, anther. Cowcowing, Western Australia. (Max Koch.)

Figures 3 and 4 are connectimg links between #. oleosa and var. Flocktoni, and form part of the evidence
that the latter form, dissimilar as it looks at first sight, cannot be given specific rank.

EB. Souefii, 1. sp.
5a. Juvenile leaf ; 5b, intermediate leaf ; 5c, mature leaf. Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. (J.H.M.)
6a, 6b. Buds ; 6c, 6d, fruits. Nearly 70 miles north of Kurrawang, Western Australi (J.H1.M.)

i

7. Anther, from a tree near Kurrawang. (J.H.M.)

ZL. Clelandi, n. sp.

8a. Juvenile leaf ; 8b, intermediate leaf; 8c, mature leaf; 8d, buds v, seurts of the type. Goongarrie,
Western Australia. (J.H.M,

216

PLATE 70.

l. decurva, F.v.M.
la. Juvenile leaves; 16, mature leaf; 1c, fruits. Kalgan Plains, Western Australia. (J.H.M.)
2a. Mature leaf; 24, buds; 2c, flowers; 2d, anthers; 2¢, fruits. King George’s Sound, Western
Australia. (Diels’ No. 3420).
#’, doratoxylon, F.v.M.
3. Fragment of type. Drawn from a specimen of Drummond’s No. 69 “Swan River, 1845,” in the
herbarium of the University of Cambridge.
4a. Juvenile leaves; 4h, buds; 4c, anther; 4d, fruits. Red Gum Pass, Stirling Range, Western
Australia. (A. Morrison.)

on

Flowering twig. King George’s Sound, Western Australia. (Collector of Mueller, name not given.)

E. corrugata, Luehmann.
6.1. Mature leat ; 6), bud; 6c, fruit, from the type in National Herbarium, Melbourne. Golden Valley ,
200 miles east of Perth, Western Australia. (Sayer.)
7a. Mature leaf; 7), buds; 7c, immature anthers taken from an unopened bud; Jeaf and fruits.
Southern Cross, Western Australia, (J.H.M.) : e

PLATE. 71.

E. Strickland, sp. nov.
Ja. Mature leaf; 14, buds and flowers; 1c, anthers; 1d, fruits, Hampton Plains Estate, Coolgardie,
Western Australia. (E. Lidgey.) Type.

EF’. Campaspe, 5. le M. Moore.
2a. Mature leaf; 26, buds and flower ; 2c, anthers. Fragment of the type, given to me by Mr. Moore.
3a. Twig, with buds and flower ; 36, anther ; 3c, fruits. Coolgardie, Western Australia. (L. C. Webster.)
4a. Twig, with buds and flowers ; 4b, anthers. Forty miles from Fraser’s Range, 5th November, 1891
Elder Exploring Expedition. (R. Helms.)

#. diptera, Andrews.
5a. Flowering twig ; 5), anther ; 5c, fruit, showing the two wings. All drawn from the type in the
possession of Mr. Andrews. North of Esperance, Western Australia. (C. R. P. Andrews.)

EB. Griffithsii, Maiden.
(Figs. 5a, b, c, d, of Plate 15 also belong to this species, and the figures of Plate 71 are supplementary).
6a. Intermediate leaf. Oil glands very distinct, dull surface ; 64, 6c, mature leaves, glaucous ; 6d, buds,
showing wings ; 6¢, anthers Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. (J.H.M.) Drawn from the type.

PLATE 72.

E. grossa, F.v.M.
la. Flowering twig ; 1b, anthers. Drawn from the type in the National Herbarium, Melbourne. Phillip
River, near Mount Desmond, Western Australia. (Maxwell.)
Compare 2a, 6, c of Plate 18.
E. Pimpiniana, Maiden.
2a. Twig, bearing fruits ; 26, anthers. Sand hills, east of Ooldea, South Australia. « Transcontinental
Railway Survey (Henry Deane). ‘Type.

E. Woodwardi, Maiden.
3a. Intermediate leaf; 3b, mature leaf; 3c, buds; 3d, anthers ; 3e, fruits. 120 miles east of Kalgoorlie,
Western Australia. Transcontinental Railway Survey (Henry Deane), Type.

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acacioides, A. Cunn. (xlviii). melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
acmentoides, Schauer (xxxii). macrocorys, K.v.M. (xxxviii)
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi). numerosa, Maiden (xvii).

Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi). obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).

Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv). odoratz, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi). paniculata, Sm. (viii).

bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv). pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv). —_ piperita, Sm. (xxxiii).

Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii). Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii). populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
Considentana, Maiden (xxxvi). punctata, DC. (x).

coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv). reqnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii). resinifera, Sm. (iii).

dives, Schauer (xix). saligna, Sm. (iv).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii). siderophloia, Benth. (xxxix).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v). sideroxylon, A, Cunn. (xiii).
haemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii). Steberrana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
hemaphloia, F.v.M. (vi). stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii). tereticornis, Sm. (xi).
Inuehmanmana, F.v.M. (xxvi). virgata, Sieb. (xxv).
macrorrhyncha, ¥.v.M. (xxvii). vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

maculata, Hook. (vii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and
other illustrations. y

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick Government Printer. 1912,

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PL 69!

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

Pi
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M.Flockion +d

EUCALYPTUS OLEOSA, F.v.M. Var. FLockxtont, Marien (1-4)

E. LE SOUEFII, Marven, (5-7).

Noy

PES 70:

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

™.Flockton.

( /-2).

EE, DECURVA, F.v-M:
E. DORATOXYLON, F.v.M. (3-5).

E. CORRUGATA, LurHmann (6-7).

baad ale

6a

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E. CAMPASPE, S. Lt M. Moore (2-4).

E. STRICKLANDI, Marpen (1).

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CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

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. E. GROSSA, F.v.M. (1). [See also Fig. 2 of Plate 18).
E. PIMPINIANA, Maren (2).
KE WOODWARD I. MarIpen (2).

A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE

GENUS EUGmYenUS

BY
J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of i%ew South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney)

VoL, Lik, Pian].
Part XVII of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

** Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.” -
Macautay’s ‘‘Essay on Miron.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Supnen ;

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET.

*91415—A 1912.

YaCEAM. J Va

, oF) haa
tin “weladl- sleek yer: Galifp si
fons ms = .

=
=

LXX XIX. Eucalyptus salmonophloia, F.v.M. vace.

Description : 5 ° . . Me 217

Notes Seance to cae Fee inion : 2 | 2E7.
Range i é : ; : ‘ ‘ tee é ey 217
ATfimities- . : : 5 ‘ : 5 : ; : “2x8

XC. Eucalyptus eG Bentham.

Description ; : ; : VInEZEO

Notes signlCe tae to the Pee tae : 219
Synonym . ; . ; ‘ : : : : : 300
Range. - : : : : : : : : ; x 220

Affinities . ; A A 5 é j , ; g 3 220

XCI. Eucalyptus squamosa, Deane and Maiden.

Deseription . : é c - 5 A - . sg 22E

Notes supplementary to the description . i p2Z8
Synonym . ; : : ' , : ; : : + | p22
Range : F ‘ ‘ : : ‘ ‘ : : up 222
Affinities’ . : : , : ‘ Z : : : a) 222

XCII, Eucalyptus Pa a F.v.M.

Description : ; : é : Se aes
Notes eee eee to the fee an F = 223
Variety Drummondii, Maiden. ; : : ; : 228
Range. : - q , ; : é : ‘ c ae 1228
Var. Drummondii, Maiden. : : : : : taal
Affinities . ‘ ‘ ; : , : : Z : e225

XC. Eucalyptus gare Fv.M.

Deseription : : . : eee
Notes Sea to the Reon F * - 227,
Range 3 : ; : : : : ; : : 7)

Affinities. ; : 7 P P ; . 228

XGIV, Eucalyptus pyriformis, Turczaninow.

Description

Notes supplementary to the description

Varieties—
minor, Maiden
elongata, do.
Rameliana, do.
Synonyms.
Range (Type)
Var minor, Maiden
a clongaia, ao:

;, Rameliana, (do.

Affinities

Explanation of Plates

PAGE.

GEV

DESCKIEARIGIN,:
LXXX1X. E. salmonophloia, F.v.M.

In Fragmenta, xi, 11 (1878).
Iv was afterwards figured and described in the Hucalyptographia.

Notes supplementary to the description.

A very uniform species, varying more in the operculum if at all, but not
much in that. It is the largest tree on the Eastern Gold-fields of Western Australia.

The mature foliage is glossy on both sides and more or less yellowish-green
as seen in the bush; the juvenile foliage is quite dull on both sides, petiolate, from
nearly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the
edge, the fine lateral veins parallel and feather-veined.

It has.a broad white anther opening wide at the sides; filament at the base,
and gland at the top.

It has a salmon-coloured smooth bark, which dries dull red and hard;
sometimes there is a little rough-flaky bark at the butt.

The timber is of a reddish-brown colour, red with crimson in it. It is one of
the most valuable Western Australian timbers, good for firewood, durable for posts,
commonly used for railway-sleepers on the Eastern Gold-fields.

Speaking of the Goomalling (an agricultural) district, Mr. Perey Murphy
informs me, “ Difficult to get without gum-veins. It sometimes has hollow spaces
from which you may obtain a couple of buckets of water.’ In this respect it
resembles some New South Wales trees. It is, however, sound as a rule, and
Goomalling is too far west for the species to attain its best development.

Mr. Vanzoolikum, of Katanning, gave me the native name in the South-

eastern districts as “ Wuruk.”’

RANGE.

A Western Australian species. The type comes from ‘ woods towards the
mouth [head is doubtless meant] of the Swan River, F.M , from hence to the vicinity
of the Victoria Spring (C. Giles).”” In the Hucalyptographia, Mueller modifies the
statement in the following words—‘“ From the upper eastern part of Swan River and
its affluents (F.v.M.) extending to Victoria Spring through the arid interior region,
but not continuously ” (C. Giles).

It is very widely diffused and is usually a sign of a region of low rainfall.

It flourishes in the desert.

218

Following are some localities represented in the National Herbarium,
Sydney.

Cowcowing (Max Koch, No. 1,255); Carnamah, Victoria district (Dr. A.
Morrison); Avon district (HB. Pritzel, No. 320). Near York (L. Diels, No. 2,915);
Goomalling, where it is a sign of good farming land (Percy Murphy). Indeed, it is
an acceptable tree wherever it occurs. Narrogin (J.H.M.); 10-12 miles to the east
of Broome Hill (J.H.M.); Cunderdin (W. V. Fitzgerald) ; Southern Cross (J.H.M.) ;
70 miles north of Kurrawang, also Goongarrie (J.H,.M.); Hampton Plains, 5 miles
east of Coolgardie (Ernest Lidgey); Kanowna, near Kalgoorlie (L. Diels, No.
1,702); “Giant Mallee,’’ 20-35 feet, bark glossy, light brown, Camp 63, Elder
Exploring Expedition, 27th September, 1891 (R. Helms).

Adee TN LES,
1. With E. leptopoda, Benth.

In the original description Mueller says that Drummond’s No. 188 certainly
belongs to H. salmonophiloia, and that perhaps No. 151 (of which he has not seen
the fruit) does. Both these numbers are, however (B.FI. iii, 238) placed by
Bentham under his L£. leptopoda.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia under EH. salmonophloia), says :—

The nearest affinity of this species is to #. leptopoda; the leaves, however, are shorter, smoother,
shining, and more visibly perforated by oil-dots, the flowers are fewer in the umbels, their stalklets shorter,
and their lid blunter ; the outer filaments are not all bent inward while in bud; the fruits are smaller
and particularly less broad, while the valves are narrower and longer ; besides, the flowers of E. leptopoda
in an expanded state and its ripe seeds require yet to be compared.

Examination of Plate 73 shows that the two species can be readily separated
by the fruits, while #. salmonophloia is a large tree and £. leptopoda a shrub. |
2. With £. oleosa, F.v.M.

EF. salmonophloia has also some characteristics in common with 2. oleosa, but it is taller, the
bark is very different, the leaves are thinner in consistence and darker in colour, the flowers are smaller,
the lid is shorter and blunter, and the fruits are also of lesser size. (Huealyptographia, under
EL. salmonophloia.)

I think I have dealt with the affinities of these species sufficiently fully
under H. oleosa, ante Part XV, page 173.

3. With F. dumosa, A. Cunn., var. rhodophloia, Benth. (B.FI. iii, 230).

In the original description of #. salmonophloia, Mueller remarks that it is
said to have the same bark as the variety, but the variety has leaves almost opaque,
and less oil-dotted, the flowers and fruit are larger, the operculum has an umbo
and is plicate-striate, it has no pedicels, the anthers are longer, and it differs in
having deltoid valves not exsert, and tends, further, to the series of the Platypodee
and not to that of the Exserte.

Ei. dumosa; var. rhodophioia, is figured at la and 10 Plate 21, and my readers
can judge for themselves. I do not understand why it was necessary to compare
this form with #. salmonophioia.

219

DESC kh TaN:

XG. E. leptopoda, Bentham.
In B.FI. iii, 238 (partim).

THE types are Drummond’s Nos. 33 and 36 (5th Coll.), but not Nos. 151 and 188 of
Drummond’s specimens as quoted, which are 2. salmonophloia, F.v.M.

It is further described in Fragm., xi, 138. It is not figured in the
* Kucalyptographia.”

Notes supplementary to the description.

A thin, wiry, rather erect tall shrub or small spindly tree, with several stems
together. Juvenile foliage narrow lanceolate, thick, equally green on both sides,
no vein obvious other than the midrib.

The tazza-like fruits as depicted at 64, Plate 73, seem characteristic, and are
the usual shape in this species.

So far as I know, it is a very uniform species.

SYNONYM.

E. angustifolia, Turez.

I give the description, as it is contained ina work not readily accessible to
Australians. It has several years’ priority over Bentham’s name, but the name
angustifolia was applied to a species by Link, and indeed by at least one other
botanist.

48. Hucalyptus angustifolia (Drum. 5, n. 53). E. glabra; ramis teretibus apice subangulatis ; foliis
alternis lineari-lanceolatis falcatis, in petiolum valde attenuatis, longe acuminatis ; acumine saepius uncinato,
pellucido-punctatis ; umbellis in parte inferiore denudata ramorum ortis paucisque superioribus axillarbus
5-20-floris ; pedunculis floriferis compressis, fructiferis teretiusculis, pedicellos duplo excedentibus ;_ floribus
(inapertis) parvis pedicello duplo brevioribus ; operculo conico duplici cupulam aequante, exteriore
membranaceo citius cadente, interiore coriaceo, Folia uninervia, marginata, avenia vel obscure venosa,
4-pollicaria, 3 lin. tantum lata. Pedunculi floriferi petiolo plus quam duplo longiores, caeterum
longitudine valde variabiles, nam in uno eodemque specimine pedunculi fructiferi anni praecedentis
breviores sunt. Umbellae floriferae multiflorae (18-20), in stellam vel rotam dispositae, fructiferae inferne
positae 5-10-florae. Fructas sphaericus, pisi magnitudine, 4—5-locularis, vertice calyce emergente. Species
memorabilis operculo duplici, exteriore saepe lacerato. Flores inter minimos, EH. micranthae et aflinium.
(Turez. in Bull. Phys.-Math, Acad. Peters., 10, 1852, p, 337.)

220

RANGE.

So far as we know, it is confined to Western Australia and to the Central
Division of that State. Even yet Western Australia has been imperfectly explored
as regards its Hucalypts, and hence some of our conclusions concerning them
must still be of a provisional character.

“7 or 8 feet high, bark of trunk rough, of upper branches smooth
and peeling off,” Watheroo Rabbit Fence (Max Koch).

Tammin, the furthest west recorded on the Perth-Kalgoorlie line (J.H.M.)
“ Grows on the sand-plains in clumps, 6 or 7 feet high, shrubby. Flowers small,
white; colour of bark reddish-brown.” (Kellerberrin, F. Harvey Vachell.)

Boorabbin (Dr. A. Morrison); Coolgardie (Dr. L. G. Webster).

Then we have

Arbuscula cire. 3 m. alta #. leptopodam Bth. fractu accedens, sed foliis majoribus crassioribus
glaucis, pedunculis brevioribus, fructibus majoribus notata hab. in dist. Austin meridionali pr. Menzies in
fructicetis mixtis arenosis fruct. m. Oct, (D. 5,179). | Quae forma a cl. Maiden (in litteris), 2. /eptopodae
attributa sed probabiliter omnino nova ulterius observanda est. (Diels and Pritzel, Hngler’s Jahrb., 1904,
p. 442.)

Diels gives 25 km. (kilometres) south of Menzies for some specimens, which
is not far from Comet Vale, where it is abundant (J.H M.).

AFFINITIES.

1. With F. oleosa, F.v.M.
In buds, less in anthers, and occasionally in the narrow-leaved forms of #.
oleosa, HE. leptopoda may resemble that species, but as a rule H. leptopoda has
narrow leaves, while the fruits of the two species are totally different.

2. With E. angustissima, F.v.M.

This species has depressed, domed fruits which certainly remind one of those
of E. leptopoda, but they are almost sessile. The anthers appear to be more kidney-
shaped in #. angustissima, but we imperfectly know them. 4. angustissima is a
narrow-leaved species, but its leaves are narrower than those of H. leptopoda.

3. With F. macrorrhyncha, F.v.M.

Certainly the fruits of 2. leptopoda simulate those of . macrorrhyncha
(compare Plate 39), but those of the latter species have longer pedicels, while the rim
is rarely if ever flat, as is H. leptopoda in fig. 8, Plate 78. #. macrorrhyncha is a
large fibrous-barked tree of Eastern Australia.

4. With E. hemastoma, Sm., var. micrantha, Benth. (#. micrantha, DC.).

The fruits of this variety are smaller than those of #. leptopoda, but
undoubtedly similar. See figures at top of Plate 47. Turezaninow noted this in his
description of 2. angustifolia, ante page 220. ‘There is no close relation between the
species.

221

DSC ih EeaeieiN,

XCI. FE. squamosa, Deane and Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xxii, 561 (1897), with a plate.

A medium-sized tree, that is to say, averaging 30 feet in height, and with a stem diameter of about
15 inches.

Bark.—Scaly, somewhat resembling that of #. corymbosa, but the scales thinner, The young
stems are of a leaden colour, the outer bark thickens, turns bluish or ashy grey in colour, becomes fissured
horizontally and longitudinally, thus taking on the scaly appearance. When the superficial scaly bark is
removed, the bark is seen to be of a reddish-brown colour.

Timber.—Deep red.

Juvenile leaves.—Ovate, and finally ovate-lanceolate. So far as observed, always alternate and
not opposite as in 4. viminalis, Stuartiana and allies. Similar, as regards arrangement of leaves, to
E. punctata, piperita and some other species.

Mature leaves.—Narrow to rather broad-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly faleate, 34 to
nearly 6 inches long. In colour pale green to glaucous, the surface glandular-punctate. Veins reddish,
the midrib conspicuous owing to its dark colour, the petioles reddish like the veins. The margin thickened
outside the marginal vein and coloured like the midrib ; marginal vein very near the margin. Transverse
veins numerous and fine, making an angle with the midrib of about 50 degrees.

Pedunceles.—Roundish, not flattened nor angular. Frequently or usually in pairs; the flowers
generally frem 8 to 12, usually 10 or 11.

Calyx-tnbe.—Subcylindrical, almost ovate, forming a continuous outline with the operculum.
Somewhat urceolate in young fruit.

Operculum, —Ovate, but more or Jess pointed or beaked, and frequently showing a marked curve
to one side. The length of the operculum about ejual to that of the calyx, viz., about 3 lines.

Fruits.—Nearly hemispherical, with a slight tendency to constriction of the orifice ; in extreme
cases the fruits almost taking on an urceolate form. Size about 4 lines broad by 3 lines deep.

Rim sunk. Valves 3 or 4 and slightly exserted.

Tts most obvious characteristic is its scaly bark, of which we take cognizance in giving the specific
name to the tree.

Notes supplementary to the description.
Anther white, round, dehiscence wide, has a gland at the top, and one eland at
the back. So far as I know, this species is unique in having a gland in the latter

position. Filament at the base.

SYNONYM.

E. tereticornis, Sm., var. squamosa, Maiden, in Maiden’s “Forest Flora of New
South Wales,” Part xi, p. 9.

E. tereticornis, Sm., var. spheerocalyx, F.v.M.; and

E. tereticornis, Sm., var. amblycorys, VF.v.M. (partim) in Deane’s and Maiden’s
note in Proc. Linn. Suc. N.S.W., xxiv, 629, and Maiden in Bull. d’ Herb.
Boissier (2nd series), 574, are not referable to #. sqwamosa as there stated, and

will be dealt with when FZ. tereticornis is reached.
91415—B

RANGE.

On sterile sandstone ridges from the Hawkesbury River (Berowra, Peat’s Road
to Hawkesbury) and Como to Sutherland and National Park.

AFFINITIES.

1. With E. tereticornis Sm., var., spherocalyx, F.v.M., and var. amblycorys,
F.v.M.

The anthers are, however, very different, that of H. tereticornis opening in
parallel slits, and being a narrow anther in comparison, I think it will be most
convenient to deal with the affinities of #. squamosa to reputed varieties of E.
tereticornis when dealing with the latter species.

2. With E£. salmonophloia, V.v.M.

As regards anthers, 2. salmonophloi« and EH. squamosa belong to the same
class of round white anthers, opening widely, but the back-gland is not present
in HB. salmonophioia. The fruits of H. sqwamosa are larger, fewer-flowered and
different in shape, the timber darker, the bark more flaky, and the tree more
stunted.

3. With E. incrassata, Labill., var. conglobata, R.Br.

The fruits are much the same in shape (see Plate 17), but there is never any
ribbing on those of 4. squamosa; those of the latter are more or less stalked. The
anthers are differeut.

4. With F. Campaspe, 8. le M. Moore.
The fruit of this species (Plate 71) and of #. squamosa have a distant
resemblance, but the latter is very glaucous, and the peduncle is strap-shaped.

5. With EF. punctata, DC.

It possesses considerable superficial resemblance to £. punctata, from which
it is at once distinguished by the anthers. Other differences are indicated by the
domed rim of #. punctata. In EH. squamosa the peduncles and pedicels are nearly
round, not compressed as in /. punctata, while the bipedunculate arrangement has
already been noted. #. squamos has also very pale green leaves, narrower leaves,
and more ruddy stalks than #, punctata.

6. With F. corymbosa, Sm.
Its resemblance to H. corymbosa is chiefly in the bark.

DESCRI RT TON:
XCM, E. Oldfieldii, F.v.M.

In Fragm. ii, 37 (1860).

Iv was described in English by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 287, and figured and described
by Mueller in “‘ Eucalyptographia.”

Notes supplementary to the description.

It has an ovoid operculum usually more or less rostrate. In its varieties
the rostrum may be absent. Its juvenile foliage is petiolate and ovate, not broad,
with the intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge.

It is a stiff shrub of 8 or 10 feet, with many thin stems close together,
forming an impenetrable scrub, but not a true Mallee. It is not a timber tree.

Variety Drummondii, new variety.
Syn. £. Drummondii, Benth., B.FI. iii, 237.

Mueller (‘ Eucalyptographia,” under #. Oldfieldii) uses the words, ‘If
E. Drummondii should prove a mere variety (of 4. Oldfieldii) as seems likely,” .

Luehmann (Proc. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Science, vii, 532, 1898) writes:
* #. Drumm ndii seems a variety of this (#. Oldfieldii), being smaller in all its
parts.”

Neither botanist took upon himself to say that #. Drwmmondii is a variety
of #. Oldfieldii, and, after careful consideration of Oldfieldii, and its forms both in
the field and in herbarium specimens, I am of opinion that £. Drwmmondii, Benth.,
is a variety of it, which I constitute under the name var. Drwmmondii.

The fruit was unknown to Bentham when he deseribed # Drummondiit in
B.F 1. iii, 237, and apparently Mueller only saw the young fruits.

Juvenile foliage petiolate, ovate, intramarginal vein close to edge (specimens
of O. H. Sargent, near York, W.A.).

I constitute Drummond’s No 86 (see fig. 6, Plate 74) type of var.
Drummondii, and would point out that O. H. Sargent’s specimens, Cut Hill, York,
are in every way similar to Drummond’s No. 86, and fig. 7, Plate 74, may be taken
as typical for the fruit.

RANGE
e
The species and all its forms are confined to Western Australia, so far as we
know. The type came from the Murchison River (Augustus Oldfield). There is
a specimen, labelled ‘Tree 50-40 feet. Bark smooth. Thicket near Colleullia,

224

Murchison River, W.A. (Oldfield), in Herb. Barbey-Boissier, which will doubtless
give a clue to the precise locality. The bud in this specimen (a little shrunk) is
precisely as figured in “ Hucalyptographia.”

Specimen 35 (Supplement to 6th Collection), Drummond, Herb. Cant., also

Herb. Oxon., are both in early fruit. This number is quoted by Bentham as
H. Oldfieldii.

Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia”’) gives its range from Champion Bay to the
Murchison River.

Following are some specimens represented in the National Herbarium,
Sydney :—

Between the rivers Moore and Murchison, practically a type locality (E.
Pritzel, No. 353); Minginew (Dr. L. Diels, No. 3,075.—J.H.M.); Ebbano, east of
Minginew (Dr. A. Morrison).

A litorali septentrionali (districtus Irwin) in interiora longius progeditur. Vidimus in distr.
Coolgardie pr. Karalee una cum Acaciis, Hakeis que in solo arenoso (D. 5,576). (Diels and Pritzel, Engler’s
Jahrb., 1904, p. 442.)

Mr. Max Koch (his 1,256) sent it to me from Cowcowing: ‘‘a small tree or
shrub with a ragged bark.” The fruits are smaller than those of typical Oldfieldii
and larger than those of typical var. Drummondii. See fig. 2, Plate 74.

Variety Drummondii, Maiden.

Drummond’s No. 86. The inflorescence varies in size somewhat in various
specimens. Figured at 3 and 6, Plate 74.

The following specimen matches the type absolutely :—

Small tree of about 20 feet. Trunk and branches smooth whitish buff, with a few brown
semi-detached scales of dead bark. Leaves dull green. Growing in light humous soil mixed with
ironstone gravel. Out Hill York. (O, H. Sargent, No. 266.) (Figured at 5 and 7, Plate 74.)

The following specimen is similar :—
Darling Range, Kelmscott, near Perth. Fruits and pale-coloured foliage
only (Dr. J. B. Cleland). (Figured at 9, Plate 74.)

I look upon all the above as var. Drummondii.

Now we come to what I look upon as anomalous forms of ZF. Oldfieldii,
until we get complete material to indicate the amount of variation permissible in
Li. Oldfieldii and its variety Drummondii.

(1.) ‘* Wandoo,” near Waroona (J. J. Fitzgerald). Lanceolate leaves and
buds. The calyx-tube slightly angled, and the operculum hemispherical.

(2.) “* White Gum,” sandy serub land, Serpentine River (Collector of Baron
von Mueller). Lanceolate leaves, flowers and early fruit. Operculum hemispherical.
Calyx-tube scarcely angled, perhaps because it is in a more advanced stage than (1).

225

(3.): Lanceolate leaves, large fruits. “ Very clean white Gum.” Foot of
Darling Range, Kelmscott, near Perth (Dr. J. B. Cleland). Figured at 4, Plate
74, It seems to be a large fruited form of Sargent’s No. 266.

(4.) A form collected by Dr. A. Morrison, at Mt. Saddleback, Marradong,
Williams District, is remarkable for its conical operculum.

It is figured at 10, Plate 74. It has dull coloured foliage, and, except for
the length of the operculum, appears to be typical var. Drummondii.

(5.) The following interesting form was collected by me at 66; mile-post,
Pindar, Murchison Line.

Many-stemmed, 10-15 or 20 feet. Tough wood. Peculiar bark, falling off
in narrow longitudinal pieces, giving it a striped appearance. The indurated stems
are 3 inches in diameter. Several clumps seen.

Very yellow buds with hemispherical operculum and absolutely no mucro.
Operculum, which is distinctly smaller than the calyx, affording one of the best
examples I remember of the “egg-in-egg-cup” bud. Leaves greenish-yellow, dull
coloured. ‘The, material I have, is figured at 11, Plate 74.

Now, 1, 2, 3 are alike in leaf (lanceolate, bright green, and showing venation).
4 and 5 are broader and duller, the venation, except the midrib, scarcely discernible.

Nos. 1 and 2 are alike in buds (I have no buds of 3) and they strongly
resemble those of No. 5.

Western Australians should examine #. Oldfieldii and its forms in the bush,
and should particularly collect juvenile foliage while still in the opposite stage.
Examination of these will probably settle the matter of the relation of #. Oldfieldu
to its varieties and whether we have a second species.

Aol IN Po ES:

Mueller (“Eucalyptographia”’) says :—

The leaves and anthers bring it into the vicinity of ZH. oleosa and EF. pachyphylla, while the stamens,
as regards their early position, indicate an affinity to 2. gomphocephala and 2. pachyloma.

We will take the species referred to in detail.

1. #. oleosa, F.v.M.

While the anthers of #. Oldficldii and E. oleosa resemble each other a good
deal, comparison with Plates 65 and 66 shows that the similarities of the two species
in most characters is not close.

2. E. pachyphylla, F.v.M. ( E. pyriformis, Turez., var. minor).

I have some notes on this variety at page 230 below. The fruits, &c., are figured
at figs. 5-7, Plate 75 of the present Part. The fruits of # pyriformis, var. minor, are
sessile or stalked ; so are those of #. Oldfieldii; the rim of var. minor is concave and
not convex, while there are ribs in var. minor.

There is some similarity in the anthers. See under #. pyriformis, page 229

226

3. E. gomphocephala, DC.

I have not dealt with this species yet, but it is figured in the ‘* Eucalypto-
graphia” and meantime [ will remark that the affinities of the two species are
remote.

4. E. pachyloma, Benth.

Bentham placed it next to this species, from which it is decisively distinguished by longer leaf-
stalks, by broader leaves with more divergent veins, shorter stamens, anthers of different structure,
somewhat larger, more depressed fruits with prominent margin, longer valves, protruding pyramidally

from a central groove of the vertex, and also narrower sterile seeds. (Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia,”

under 2. Oldfieldii.)

LE. pachyloma is figured at Nos. 9 and 10 of Plate 36 under Z#. diversifolia,
Bonpl. As my recent trip to Western Australia has given me an opportunity of
studying 4. pachyl ma in its type locality, I will postpone further remarks con-
cerning it until such time as I can publish my observations.

5. EF. inerassata, Labill.
In the shape of its anthers #. Oldfieldii agrees almost with that variety of #. merassata, in which

they are shortened to a nearly roundish form ; but still both these species are very different from the

Renanthere, although they offer an approach to the Micrantherz. (Mueller, “ Eucalyptographia,” under
E, Oldfieldii.)

This is another species referred to by Mueller in speaking of #. Oldfieldii.
He compares EZ. Oldfieldii with that variety of #. Oldfieldii “in which they (the
anthers) are shortened to a nearly roundish form.” Perhaps he is alluding to the
same plant when in “ Hucalyptographia,” under H. incrassata, he says: “Some
of the anthers occasionally verging to a globular-cordate form; the connective
conspicuously glandular-turgid at the back.” So far as I know, Mueller has not
indicated the plant referred to, and we therefore cannot follow up the comparison.

As regards affinities of the two species, reference to the figures in Part IV of
the present work shows that they are not close.

6. With F. cosmophylla, F.v.M.

This is another large fruited species, and there is some superficial resemblance
in herbarium specimens. The buds may resemble each other a good deal, and the
rim of the fruits of #. cosmophylia has a certain amount of sculpture, but it is not
depressed as are those of #. Oldfieldii.

7. With F. macrorrhyncha, F.v.M.

This species and var. Drummondii have fruits which sometimes resemble
each other a good deal. For example, compare fig. 7, Plate 74 of the present Part,
with 110, 3c and other figures of Plate 39 0f Part VIIT. But variety Drummond
has longer pedicels, the buds, anthers, and leaves are different. 2. macrorrhyncha
also is a large Stringybark.

8 and 9. With E. resinifera, Sm., and EF. punctata, DC.

When these two species are figured, it will be seen that both have large fruited
forms, which in herbarium specimens undoubtedly show resemblance to some forms
of B. Oldfieldii. 1 am referring more particularly to figs. 46 and 7 of Plate 74.
E. resinifera and £. punctata are large timber trees of Eastern Australia, which
possess no close resemblance to 4. Oldfieldit.

(

227

DESCRIPTION.
XCIIL. E. orbifolia, F.v.M.

Fragm. v, 50 (1865).
Ir was described in English by Bentham in B.F1. i, 238.

Notes supplementary to the description.

One of the objects of the present work is to elucidate all named forms of
Eucalyptus. So far as I know, the specimen which I figure on Plate 74, and for
the original figure of which I am indebted to the Director of Kew, is the only one
in existence. No specimen of it has been known in the Melbourne Herbarium for
many years. Western Australian botanists have now something to guide them in
their search for the plant.

RANGE.

Up to the present time it has only been found in one locality, and that is in
Western Australia,

The locality given in the original description says: “ At the foot of granite
hills in Western Australia, latitude 30° 47’, longitude 119° 25’. C. Harper.”

The description of the plant was made in 1865, and the Kew specimen is
labelled ‘‘ Dr. Mueller, received September, 1865.” The locality given is believed
to be 30 or 40 miles north of Southern Cross.

IT had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Charles Harper in Perth, Western
Australia, in 1909, and showed him the Kew drawing, which I carried thousands of
miles in Western Australia in my pocket-book, hoping to trace the original. After
some thought, Mr. Harper remembered the plant, but he could not give me specific
directions as to the locality, and feared that, at his age, he might not revisit the spot.

Since the above was written, I regret to say that this fine old Western
Australian pioneer died at his residence, Guildford, near Perth, April, 1912.

228

AGF PLN Inu:

Mueller did not express any opinion as to its affinities. Luehmann wrote to
me, “ Described from too imperfect material to make recognition at all certain.”
I am, however, satisfied that it is a valid species.

1. With £. Oldfieldii, F.v.M., var. Drummondi.

Bentham’s words are: “ Although evidently aliied to #. Drummondii, this
appears to be specifically distinet both in the leaves and the parts of the flowers.’)
B.FI] in, 238.)

It certainly has resemblance, in the buds and flowers, to 30, Plate 74, a form
of H. Oldfieldix, var. Drummondii, labelled Drummondii at Kew, and of which I
have not seen a specimen. ‘This is probably the specimen to which Bentham
referred.

The leaves of HF. orbifoliaare much broader than of any form of H. Oldfieldii
known.

2. With E. pyriformis, Turcz.

EB. orbifolia certainly has some resemblance to H. pyriformis, because of the
strize of its comparatively large operculum, but the leaves are far too broad for that
species. The anthers may turn out to be more closely alike than the drawing of
E. orbifolia, made from imperfect material, would lead us to believe.

229

DESCRIP GION.

CXIV. FE. pyriformis, Turczaninow.

FOLLOWING is the original description :—

Eucalyptus pyrvformis, Turczaninow, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xxii, Pt. 2, p. 22 (1849). Caule
ramoso glabro, ramisque teretibus cortice fusco laevi obductis ; ramulis compressis foliisque alternis
petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis marginatis, acuminatis basique attenuatis opacis glaucis ; pedunculis
recurvato reflexis tetragonis crassis unifloris pedicellum obconico-tetragonum paulo superantibus ; alabastris
a basi ad operculi apicem bialatis, costis crassis basi interdum fere alaeformibus percursis ; operculo conico
acuto cupula aequali et fere conformi; staminibus numero is, longe exsertis. Alabastra 1} pollicaria,
operculo dejecto cum staminibus fere bi-pollicaria, Stamina fusco-aurantiaca. Drum. 4, n. 69.

This may be translated as follows :—

Stems and branches glabrous and terete, and covered with light brown bark. Branchlets com-
pressed, leaves alternate and petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, marginate, acuminate and attenuate at the base,
glaucous, opaque. Recurved-retlexed thick tetragonous one-flowered peduncles a little longer than the
obconical-tetragonous pedicel ; buds two-winged at the base and at the point of the operculum, with thick
ribs, sometimes nearly winged at the base ; operculum cunical, acute, nearly equal to the calyx-tube.
Stamens numerous, well exserted. Bud 1} inches long, after the operculum has been thrown off, with
stamens nearly 2 inches long. Stamens brownish orange-coloured.

It was later described by Bentham at B.V'1. ili, 226; figured and described by
Mueller in his ‘ Forest Resources of Western Australia” and again in his
*« Rucalyptographia”’; figured (coloured) and described by J. E. Brown in Part 8 of
his “ Forest Flora of South Australia.”

Notes supplementary to the description.

I have not seen strictly juvenile leaves.

Diels and Pritzel say: ‘“ Folia glaucescentia ramorum juvenilium latiora late
ellipti¢a interdum suborbicularia.”

I can find no two-winged buds, nor were fruits on the type specimen.

The colour of the filaments varies a good deal. Diels and Pritzel speak of

them as crimson, rose-coloured and sulphur-coloured admixed on the same group of
> srouy

plants. I have seen them crimson and yellow, and there seems to be absolutely no

botanical difference in the forms.

It is one of the handsomest of the genus, because of the large size and
showiness of the flowers, and the large size and ornamental character or at least

erotesqueness of the fruits.
91415—C

230

Varieties,
1. Var. minor, nov. var.
*, Var. elongata, nov. var.
3. Var. Rameliana, nov. var.

It is a very variable species, and it would appear that definition of the
following varieties is justified.

1. Var. minor, nov. var. ‘This is intended to include #. pachyphylla. F.v.M.
For some notes on this species, see page 225. Figured at 5-7, Plate 75.

2. Var. elongata, nov. var., with the calyx-tube much attenuated and tapering
gradually into the pedicel. The type is figured at 1, Plate 76. In typical
pyriformis the pedicel is short, but the character is variable.

3. Var. Rameliana, nov. var., a small fruited form with an absence of ridges
and furrows on the bud and flower. This is intended to inelude #. Rameliana, F.v.M.,
and is figured at 5, Plate 76.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. pruinosa, Turez.

2. EF. macrocalyx, Turez.

3. E. erythrocalyx, Oldtield and Mueller.
4. E. Youngiana, F.v.M.

5. E. Rameliana, F.v.M.

6. E. pachyphylla, P.v.M.

1. E. pruinosa, Turez.

On the page following the description of 7. pyriformis we have :—

Eucalyptus pruinosa. Glabra, ramis teretibus fuscis, novellis glaucescentibus ; foliis alternis
petiolatis ovatis acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel parum attenuatis, marginatis, opacis, obscure venosis;
glaucis ; pedunculis recurvato-reflexis crassis teretibus 1—2-floris ; pedicellis brevibus obconico tetragonis,
in cupulam turbinato-tetragonum, lateribus costatam pruinosam abeuntibus, costis in pedunculum
decurrentibus ; filamentis longe exsertis rufis ; operculo. Stirps, propter specimina, jam operculo orbata, quo
ad locum in genere incerta, etiamsi ab omnibus cognitis videtur bene distincta, accedit ad E. pyriformem
cupularum magnitudine pedunculisque recurvatis saepe unifloris, Drum, 4, n. 70. (‘Turez. in Ball, Soe.
Nat. Mosc., xxii, Pt. 2, p. 23 [1849].)

This may be translated as follows :—

Glabrous, with terete brown branches, the new ones glaucous ; alternate petiolate ovate acuminate
leaves, rounded at the base or a little attenuate, marginate, opaque, obscurely veined, glaucous ; peduncles
recurved-reflexed, terete, thick ; 1-2-flowered, with short obconical tetragonous pedicels ending in a turbinate-
tetragonous calyx tube with pruinose lateral ribs, the ribs decurrent into the peduncle, with long exserted
rufous filaments ; (operculum wanting in specimen examined).

As the specimen is deyoid of an operculum, the position in the genus is uncertain, but it approaches
nearest to EF. pyriformis in the size of the calyx-tube, and the recurved, often one-flowered peduncles.

231

Mueller remarks :—

L. pruimosa, Vurez., exhibits a variety, having smaller flowers with obverse pyramidal sharply few-
angled calyx-tube.

2. EF. macrocalyx, Turez.

It is simply a synonym of ZH. pruinosa, Turez., according to the following
passage :-—

= : s Panis
Nomen £#. pruinosae, propter homonymum Schauerianum antiquius, in #. macrocalycem mutetur,
(Lull. Phys. Math, Acad. Petersb., x (1852), p. 339.)

3. EB. erythrocalyx, Oldfield and Mueller, is described in Fragm. ii., 32 (1860),
and following is a translation (with Mueller’s italics) :—

Shrubby, with alternate, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate leaves, acute or acuminate, imperforate, with
very fine spreading transverse veins, rather long petioles, tlhe marginal vein close to the edge, pedwncles
thick terete ultimately reflexed, pedicels of nearly equal length or longer, about 3-flowered, a very large light-
reddish calyx, with a nearly semi-ovate quadrangular tube gradually narrowed into tle pedicel, little
exceeding the nearly semi-ovate hemispherical shortly acuminate operculum. Anthers ovate-cordate.
Fruits very large, hemispherical-turbinate, slightly 4-ribbed, the apex of the 4- to 6-celled capsule broadly
encircled by a conéave ascending margin or rim, the convex valves not exsert. Seeds without wings.

In sandy places between Port Gregory and the Murchison River. Oldfield. Shrub 4 to 6 feet
high. Branches terete. Branchlets compressed-tetragonous. Leaves shining, equal-coloured on both
sides, 14-3 inches long, ® to 1 inch broad, on a petiole } to 1 inch long. Peduncle at first about | inch
long, ultimately tip to 3 inches long. Pedicels 1 to 14 inches long, very thick when old. The bud
measured 14 to 1# inches in the only specimen seen, perfectly and strikingly red in the fresh state, slightly
rugose after drying. Stamens not numerous. Anthers yellow. Fruit nearly 2 inches broad, and with
acute margin round the apex. Valves bluish or lead-coloured, convex before expansion, forming the apex
of the capsule. Sterile seeds sometimes 24 to 4 lines long, clavate-filiform, angular, some broad or very
broad, variable as to form. Fertile seeds not seen.

This fine species resembles #. macrocarpa in size as well as in the form of the calyx and capsule,
but differs in the arrangement of the flowers, and in the nature of the leaves.

Mueller had not at this time seen an authentic specimen of Z. pyriformis,
as he himself states (“ Eucalyptographia’’).

4. FE. Youngiana, F.v.M. (Fragm. x., 5 [1876].)

The description may be translated as follows :—

Arboreous with nearly terete branchlets, and falcate-lanceolate scattered leaves gradually acuminate,
equal-coloured on both sides, imperforate, on rather long petioles. Veins copious, very fine, transverse,
and with two longitudinal ones very near the margin. Solitary very thick peduncles, compressed and 2
or 3-flowered, with very thick pedicels conspicuously shorter than the flowers. Very large calyx with
a depressed hemispherical tube, with numerous longitudinal ribs, hardly equal in size to the woody
operculum, which is broad-conical and acuminate-rostrate. Anthers cordate-ovate opening longitudinally,
with a thick subulate style. Fruits depressed turbinate-hemispherical, with raised ribs. Has five deltoid
valves and winged seeds.

At the desert water hole, Victoria Springs, Young. Fowler's Bay, Richardson.

The tree in question is, according to one of the discoverers, 50 feet high [is this a slip for 5?—J.H.M.|
Leaves thick, coriaceous, pale green, not distinctly shining, mostly 4 to 5 inches long, and 3 to 1 inch
broad, the veins oblique (angulo acuto excurrentes), not prominent. Peduncles deflexed, hardly | inch
long. Calyx-tube 1-1} inches broad, thick-woody, operculum nearly 1} inches long, rugose. Stamens, as
far as seen, all pollen-beaxing. Filaments yellow, the longer ones nearly 1 inch long. Anthers } to } line
long. Style less than a line thick. Fruit in form much approaching that of L. pachyphylla, but much
larger. Its folds are not dissimilar to the ribs of 2. macrocarpa and #. pyriformis. Fertile seeds hardly
exceeding a line, broad, angular, sterile ones at least partly thin-clavate.

232

The species gr atly differs from the large-flowered species, #. macrocarpa, HF. meyacarpa, EB. Preis-
stand, B. calophylla, B. ficifolia, B. tetraptera, BE. pyriformis, E. ptychocarpa, and BE. erythrocorys, by the
immersed veins of the leaves, by the operculum neither depressed nor without beak, by the deeply folded
fruits, which are not equally turgid from the margin to the valves.

“ B. Youngiana represents the variety with flowers devoid of stalklets and
with very strongly ridged and short-tubed ecalyces.”” (Mueller
e De fe) ?

I have not a specimen from Victoria Springs, but I have some from Fowler’s
Bay, by which may be meant Ooldea, 150 miles to the north. This is rather a widely
diffused form, is figured at 1, Plate 75, and I have suggested that it is typical for
LH. pyriformis.

5. E. Rameliana, ¥.v.M., Fragm. x, 84 (1876).
The description may be translated as follows :—

Opaque, with nearly terete branchlets, nearly equal-sided ovate-lanceolate leaves, opposite and
alternate, on rather long petioles, imperforate, of equal colour on both sides, and numerous very fine
transverse veins and two longitudinal veins distinctly remote from the margin, I-flowered terete
peduncles, terete pedicels often thickened upwards, large calyces, not in the least angular, calyx-tube
patella-hemispherical, the operculum exceeding the length of the tube, semi-globose, acuminate into a
nearly conical beak. Stamens yellow, all fertile, with ovate-cordate anthers, Style rather long, not
dilated at the stigma.

Beyond the Alfred-Marie Ranges. 2, (les.

Leaves of the very few specimens at hand 3 to 4 inches long, about 1} inches broad, pale greenish,
nearly glaucescent, gradually narrowed into a long point. Peduncle about } inch long, with a slender
pedicel, Flower at first nodding. Pedicel nearly # inch long.

Calyx an inch broad. Operculum, including its beak, little shorter than an inch, Stamens mostly
3 inch long. Anthers } line long. Style as long as the stamens. Fruit unknown.

I dedicate the new species to Prospero Ramel, who introduced Australian Eucalypts into Southern
France and Algeria,

K. pyriformis is distinguished by the Jarger and angular calyx and the often more elongated
peduncles and pedicels frequently in threes or more (the peduncles are |-flowered in #. Rameliana), and
by the calyx-tube gradually narrowing into the pedicel. The species is not easily confounded with
FE. Youngiana, though it is similar.

Only one bud, one flower, and a few fragmentary herbarium specimens seem
to have been collected. These were lent me by Professor Ewart, and the figures 5,
Plate 76, prepared therefrom.

6. E. pachyphylla, F.v.M.,* in Journ. Linn. Soc., iii., 98.

The description may be translated in the following words :—

Shrubby, ‘with angular young branches and alternate leaves on moderately long petioles, thickly
coriaceous, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, hardly unequal-sided, not perforate, finely penniveined,
the peripheral vein remote from the margin; with axillary umbels irregularly 3-flowered, the peduncles
and pedicels yery short. Flowers not known. The tube of the fruiting-calyx depressed-hemispherical, with
4 distinct ribs and more indistinct ones, with raised margins, the capsules 4- to 5-celled, convex at the
top, with somewhat exserted valves, the fertile seeds with narrow wings, rather light-coloured.

Hah. In a sandy desert at Hooker's Creek. Flowering time Autumn.

Shrub orgyalis (sic) or slightly higher. Leaves mostly 13 to 23 inches long, opaque in dry
specimens, Flowers not known, Fruits 6 to 8 lines in diameter, the margin just produced above the
valves. Fertile seeds with the wings added 1} lines long. Near to 2. alpina.

It was then deseribed by Bentham in B.FI. iii., 237. Inter alia, the fruits
are described as nearly sessile.

*The Editor has a note, ‘‘ Not 2. pachyphylla, Cunn. MSS. from King George’s Sound (No. 231 of 4th Voyage).

233

E. pachyphylla is then figured and described in the “Bucalyptographia,” but
Mueller does not figure a nearly sessile form, and therefore this is not strictly typical.
It is, as regards the pedicels, very similar to the form depicted at 7, Plate 75.

The specimens figured at 6, Plate 75, would appear to be strictly typical for
BE. pachyphylla, F.v.M.

E. pachyphylla approaches the variety pruinosa of EB. pyriformis [such a variety has never been
defined.—J.H.M.], but its flowers and fruits are much smaller, almost devoid of a general flower-stalk, and

crowded to the number of about 7 together (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” under #. pyriformis).

I have already stated, I believe 2. pruinosa, Turez., to have fruits of the size
of 3 and 4, Plate 75, which, while very much smaller than the typical form of
E. pyriformis (figured at 1b of the same Plate), are very much larger than those of
E. pachyphylla, F.v.M. (figured at, say, 7 of the same Plate).

RANGE.

This species mainly occurs in Western Australia and western South Australia.
If #. pachyphylla be properly referred to EH. pyriformis, as I suggest, then the
range of the species is extended to the Mulligan River, Western Queensland. The
intervening country of Central Australia has been very imperfectly explored from
the botanical point of view.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
The type specimen of #. pyriformis is Drummond’s 4th Collection No. 69.
That of 2. pruinosa, Turez. (non Schauer), a synonym, is 4th Collection No. 70.
Bentham (B.F1. iii, 226) adds Drummond’s No. 61, and also “Sandy plains between
Port Gregory and the Murchison River, Oldfield,” which is the locality quoted by
Mueller for his 2. erythrocalyx.

A specimen is before me, “In fructicetis arenosis inter flumina Moore et
Murchison” (E. Pritzel, No. 440). In bud and flower (crimson filaments).
Doubtles the calyces of these buds were ‘‘ strikingly red” in a fresh state, and thus
satisfy the requirements of ZL. erythrocalyx, B.v.M., but it would appear that the
crimson calyx in the young state is common in the species.

teturning to Drummond’s collections, | believe the following passages from
Drummond’s letters refer to H. pyriformis. Drummond’s No, 49 is not in any
collection to which I have access.

On the same hill (? near Moore River) I gathered the beautiful and curious Eucalyptus (No. 49),
of which I sent you seed-yessels and flowers ; the inflorescence is rose-coloured, and as large as that of
E. macrocarpa ; still it is readily distinguishable as a species, by its less glaucous and petiolated leaves,
with the lengthened recurved footstalks of the blossoms and fruit; but I find that the winged seed
vessels and twin-growth of the flowers do not afford dependable characters.

(Letter dated September, 1842, in Hooker’s London Journal of Botany,
Vol. 3, p. 302.)

234

In the same district (? Wangan Hills) a noble Eucalyptus abounded, which eclipses even your

E. macrocarpus; its flowers are crimson and golden-yellow, and freely produced on plants which have not

attained half the full stature of 12-15 feet high. Sometimes these charming blossoms vary with pale
red and white ; they hang in profusion from the tips of the branches.

(Letter, undated, in Hooker’s Journal of Botany, Vol. 5, p. 318 [1853].)

Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia”’) quotes the additional localities of ‘near the
Victoria Spring (Tietkens), (is this the “Queen Victoria Springs in say 30° 50 South
lat. and 123° 60 Hast longitude ?) ; near Wilgerra Hill (Giles) ; and near the north
side of Lake Gairdner (Mosley).

The following additional Western Australian localities are represented in the
National Herbarium, Sydney :—

Received from W. Gill, Conservator of Forests, Adelaide, specimens with
fruits smaller and less winged than the type. Filaments yellow. Locality not
stated. It may not be Western Australian. (Iigured at 2, Plate 75.)

Tammin (J.H.M.). Still smaller than the type. A little glaucous. Filaments
crimson. Figured at 3, Plate 75. Tammin (J.H.M.). Same size as preceding.
Very glaucous. Probably very near to 4. pruinosa, Turez. Filaments yellow.
Figured at 4, Plate 75.

Cowcowing (Max Koch, no number) is very glaucous and very similar to
the preceding. Filaments crimson.

Coorow, Arrowsmith district. Bushy shrub, 1-2 metres high, leaves
glaucous, purple calyx, filaments scarlet or golden yellow, anthers yellow. — (L.
Diels, No. 3,319.) Glaucous calyces. Coorow, filaments yellow. Calyces not
glaucous. (L. Diels, No. 3,819b.)

SourH AUSTRALIA.

Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,” gives the following locality :—

Ooldea, north of Fowler’s Bay, South Australia (Young); (this is a type-
locality for his #. Youngiana; in the original description we have Victoria Springs,
Young, and Fowler’s Bay, Richardson; there may therefore be some confusion in
regard to collectors’ names).

A specimen from Ooldea, which is about 150 miles north of Fowler’s Bay
(Henry Deane) is perhaps as near as we shall get to the type of this variable species.
It is figured at 1, Plate 75.

“Mr. Simon Mathieson, a squatter, obtained some specimens a while ago at
Peela Well, near Wilgena Station.

“This station is situated not far from Tarcoola, which is right on the route of
the 'Trans-continental Railway from Port, Augusta to Kalgoorlie, W.A., and about
250 miles west from Port Augusta itself. Mr. Mathieson gave me some seed-
vessels which [ now have and said he found them in two patches, one having trees

flowering with creamy white.” (In a letter from W. Gill, dated 25th March, 1912.)

235

J. E. Brown, in his “ Forest Flora of South Australia,” gives the following
localities for that State :—

The Everard Ranges, between Alice Springs and Burrow’s Creek (J. W. Jones);
in dense masses at Alice Well on Mount Burrell Station; at the “Old Depdt”’ of
the Overland Telegraph Line on the Idracowra Station ; in the vicinity of Chambers’
Pillar (W. H. Wilshire) ; on the boundary between West and South Australia, north
of Tomkinson’s Range, at lat. 25° 35’ S. and long. 129° FE. (Berry).

Var. minor, var. nov.

“Interior of South Australia’? (Herb. Melb.). (Figured at 56, Plate 75.)
Quite sessile. Mueller has recorded “ Glen of Palms, Macdonnell Range (E. Giles).”’

“ Western Queensland ” (Mr. Cornish, Herb. Melb.). Figured at 6, Plate 75.
Nearly sessile. This is doubtless the same specimen as that referred to in the list of
** Plants collected in the vicinity of the Mulligan River by Mr. W. H. Cornish
during his Survey Expedition in 1885,” and referred to by Mueller, Proc. Roy. Soc,
S.A., ix, 214 (1837), in the following words :—* Eucalyptus pachyphylla, F.v.M.
The anthers occur roundish, so that this species could be transferred to the series of
Strongylanthere.”

All three were referred by Mueller to #. pachyphylla, F.v.M.

“ Mallee,’ Burracoppin, Western Australia, 182 miles east of Perth (Dr.
J. B. Cleland), rather longer stalked than the preceding, but with shorter stalks
than that of the figure of 4. pachyphylla, F.v.M., in “ Eucalyptographia.”

So that this small-fruited form is very widely distributed.

Var. elongata, var. nov.

“ Brect, 4-5 feet, in sandy plains between Lawler’s and Doyle’s Well.
Filaments crimson” (Sergeant Donovan, comm. W. V. Fitzgerald). (Figured at 1,

Plate 76.) Arrino (W. V. Fitzgerald).

Filaments yellow. A tall shrub growing on Sand plains, Coweowing (Max
Koch, No. 1,257). (Figured at 2, Plate 76.)

From Coolgardie (lL. G. Webster) (Figured at 4, Plate 76) is a smallish form
and seems to connect the type with var. elongata and with var. minor.

Var. Rameliana, var. nov.

This was collected by Ernest Giles north of the Alfred-Marie Ranges, Western
Australia, say 25° South latitude, and 125° Hast longitude.

236

AUPE DLN EE LES)

1. With EF. macrocarpa, Hook.

E. pyriformis is closely akin to 2. macrocarpa, but any whitish bloom on it is confined to the calyces
and their stalks, the leaves are always narrower and gradually attenuated at the base, only exceptionally
opposite and even then obviously stalked, the flowers stand seldom singly, and are never absolutely sessile,
the calyx has not an eyen surface, the upper portion of the fruit from the edge of the calyx-tube to the
rim of the dise is more elevated, and at the summit more contracted, reaching beyond the base of the

valves, (‘ Jucalyptographia,” under /. pyriformis.)
I will institute a comparison between the two species when I figure
H. macrocarpa (in Part XVIIT).

The anther of 2#. pyriformis is remarkable, and may be described as very
irregular in shape and peculiarly curved. Further, they are not strictly uniform
amongst themseives. There is a gland in front, near the top, and the dehiscence is
extensive, being fully from top to bottom. The attachment of the filament is nearly
at the base. The drawings of the anthers of #. pyriformis have been made from dry
specimens, and the curvature is partly a matter of shrinkage.

The anthers of all the varieties of H. pyriformis are similar, and have flat,
ribbon-like filaments in addition. The anthers of 2. macrocarpa are similar. Those
of HL. orbifolia are closely allied, but the material available is too scanty to be
satisfactory. The anthers of 2. Oldfieldii are allied.

2. With EF. Preissiana, Schauer.
This is a large-fruited species with yellow filaments, but the fruit is smaller
and of quite a different shape to that of #. pyriformis. The leaves and anthers are
both different. 4. Preissiana will be dealt with in Part XVIII.

3. With &. cosmophylla, F.v.M.
Bentham, speaking of 1. pachyphylia, F.v.M., says :—

The specimens are insufticient to determine the affinities of this species. In some respects they
resemble 2. cosmophylla and its allies; but the fruit, the seeds and, perhaps, the inflorescence are

different. (B.FI. iti, 237.)

It willbe more convenient to deal with thismatter when I figure 7. cosmophylla.

4. With #. Oldfieldii, F.v.M.
I have a note on F. pyriformis, var. minor (HB. pachyphylla, F.v.M.), and this

species above, page 225.

10a.

lla.

5a.

6a.

~I

l2a.

237
Explanation of Plates (73—76.)

PLATE 73.
E. salmonophloia, F.v.M.

. Twig, bearing buds ; 1), twig, bearing fruits taken from Drummond’s No. 188 of the year 1849. In

B.FI. iii, 239, Bentham placed it under his £. leptopoda.

. Leaf ; 26, anther, back and front view. 70 miles north of Kurrawang, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Buds with very round (hemispherical) opercula. Kellerberrin, W.A. *(W. V. Fitzgerald.)
Fruits. Goomalling, W.A. (Percy Murphy.)

E. leptopoda, Benth.
Juvenile leaf. Comet Vale, 62 miles north of Kalgoorlie, W.A. (J.H.M.)

1. Mature leaf, thickly dotted with oil glands ; 64, fruits, domed rims. Kellerberrin, W.A. (F. H. Vachell.)
. Mature leaf; 75, buds ; 7c, anther ; 7d, fruits. Watheroo Rabbit Fence, W.A. (M. Koch.)

Fruits, with flat rim. Tammin, W.A. (J.H.M.)

. Leaf, with immature buds ; 96, fruits. From No. 33, J. E. Drummond, 1850, co-type of Bentham’s

E. leptopoda.

E. squamosa, Deane and Maiden.
Juvenile leaf; 105, mature leaf; 10c, buds; 10d, anthers ; 10e, fruits, of type specimen, National
Park, Sydney. (J.H.M.)
EB. Oldfieldii, F.v.M.
Juvenile leaf, apparently not typical; 114, juvenile leaf, apparently typical; llc, leaf in the
intermediate stage ; 11d, mature leaf; lle, buds and flower ; 11f, anther ; 1lg, immature fruit;
11/, fruits. Minginew, Midland Line, W.A. (J.H.M.)

PLATE 74.
B. Oldfield, F.v.M. (continued).

. Buds, with operculum more pointed, and 1), fruits in shape more spheroidal than 11h, Plate 73.

Minginew, W.A. (Dr. L. Diels’ No. 3,075.)

. Mature leaf (very thick, and venation almost invisible); 26, buds; 2c, fruits. Cowcowing, W.A

(M. Koch.)

. Mature leaf ; 34, buds and flowers. From specimens in the Kew Herbarium labelled 2. Drwmmondii

by Bentham, and collected by Drummond (no number).

. Mature leaf; 4b, fruits. Foot of Darling Range, Kelmscott, near Perth, W.A. (Dr. J. Burton

Cleland, No. 4.)

Mature leaf ; 5b, buds; 5c, anther. Cut Hill, York, W.A. (O. H. Sargent.)

Mature leaf and immature fruit ; 6b, buds ; 6c, flowers; 6d, anther, of Drummond’s No. 86 (1844),
type of 2. Vrummondii, Benth., and of £. Oldfieldii, F.v.M., var. Drwmmondii.

Fruits. Cut Hill, York, W.A. (O. H. Sargent.) My specimens of Drummond’s No. 86 are without
fruits. Mr. Sargent’s specimens match Drummond’s No. 86 in leaves, buds, and flowers. These
fruits from Mr. Sargent complete the series.

. Mature leaf ; 84, buds and flowers; 8c, immature fruits of “ A White Gum, sandy scrub land,

Serpentine River, W.A.” (Unknown collector.)
Fruits. Darling Range, near Perth, W.A. (Dr. J. B. Cleland.)

. Buds, with pointed opercula; 100, fruits. Mt. Saddleback, Darling Range. (Dr. A. Morrison.)
. Mature leaf ; 116, buds, with hemispherical operculum; lle and 11d, fruits, from the same tree.

Pindar, W.A. (J.H.M.)
EL. orbifolia, Fv. M.
Twig, bearing mature leaves, bud and flower of the only specimen known. ‘This drawing is litho-
graphed from one drawn by Miss M. Smith in the Kew Herbarium. It was cotlected by C.
Harper in Lat. 30° 47’, Long 119° 25'; 126, anthers.
91415—D

238
PLATE 75.

EL. pyriformis, Sm.
la. Mature leaf; 16, buds (note conical operculum) ; lc, anthers; ld, fruit. Ooldea, north of Fowlers
Bay, South Australia. (H. Deane.) I believe this to be as near as possible to the type.
2a. Mature leaf; 2b, bud (note hemispherical operculum) ; 2c, fruit (smaller and less winged than 1d).
From Western Australia, but not with specific locality. (W. Gill.)
3a. Bud (this is smaller than 2b, and operculum less pointed, otherwise the form is much the same) ; 36,
fruit (smaller and fewer wings than 2c). Filaments crimson. Near Tammin, W.A. (J.H.M.)

4a and 4b. Mature leaves; 4c, bud, with very marked wings; 4d, fruit. Filaments yellow. Near
Tammin, W.A. (J.H.M.)

var. minor, var. nov.
5a. Mature leaf; 54, flower. ‘Interior of South Australia.”
6a. Bud; 60, flowers; 6c, anthers; 6d, fruit. From Mr. W. H. Cornish, Mulligan River, West
Queensland (Nos. 5 and 6 from National Herbarium, Melbourne, per late J. G. Luehmann).

Ta. Mature leaf; 74, fruit. Burracoppin, W.A. (Dr. J. B. Cleland.)

PLATE 76.

£. pyriformis, Sm., var. elongata, var. nov.
la. Intermediate leaf; 1b and lc, mature leaves; ld, buds; le, fruit. All between Lawler’s and
Doyle’s Well. (W. V. Fitzgerald.)
2a and 2b. Mature leaves ; 2c, flowers. Cowcowing, W.A. (Max Koch.)
3. Fruit. W.A. (From National Herbarium, Melbourne ; no further locality.)

4a. Mature leaf; 46, flower with operculum. Coolgardie, W.A. (L.G. Webster.) This smaller form
seems to connect the typical form and var. elongata.

var. Ramelians, var. nov.
5a. Mature leaf ; 5, bud (note that it is quite smooth); 5c, anthers; 5d, flower (the rim is thin and
there is one incipient ridge). Type of Z. Rameliana, F.v.M. Beyond the Alfred and Marie
Range, W.A. (A. Giles, cirea 1874.) Drawn from specimen in National Herbarium, Melbourne,
lent by Professor Ewart.

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets: —

The number of

acacioides, A. Cunn. (xviii).
acmenioides, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi).

bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).

Besistoana, F.v.M. (xliil).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Iuehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii),
maculata, Hook. (vii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to.
other illustrations.

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).

microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil)
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).

obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxi).

odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (vill).

puularis, Sm. (xxxi).

prpertta, Sm. (xxxill).

Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).

punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).

resinijera, Sm. (ii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).

siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).

stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).

tereticornis, Sm. (xi). }
virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and

Sydney : William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer,--1912.

re ont Lb AVY pinta j uf ‘i 1,

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id ut oa, RAs gov) oF

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mi cen % ccnilioiSlow 7 a : -tenastinbot
a Attu) ise pin SND

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CRIT.. REV. EUCALYPTUS. Ph, 1/83.

™, Flockfon. del. ef

EUCALYPTUS SALMONOPHLOIA, F.v.M. (1-4).
E. LEPTOPODA, Benrn. (5-9).

yen WY i oe pm ee of SUN

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 74.

M. Flockion.del.or.|
E. OLDFIELDII, F.v.M., including Var. Drummonpi (J-/1),
E, ORBIFOLIA, F.v.M.-(12).

Pia fo:

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

eae

goo

a

coos

Woikina yee

a

VaR. MINOR, MarpEn (5-7).

E. PYRIFORMIS, Turcz. (1-4

3”?

PA

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

hee

SSeznapan

lf
M.Floekton. del. et. [rt

FE. PYRIFORMIS, Turcz., Var. ELonGATA, Marpen (1-3).
[No. 4 is an intermediate form. ]

VaR. RAMELIANA. Marpen (5).

A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE
GENUS EUCALYPTUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of t%ew South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vorell. Parmeter
Part XVIII of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

** Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a@ system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,

even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
Macautay’s “Essay on MILTon.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of
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ARELEAME abt. \f

XCV. Eucalyptus macrocarpa, Hook.

Description

Notes sinpoleneae. to ane ee j

Range.
Affinity

XCVI. Eucalyptus Preissiana, Schauer

Description

‘Notes supe ee to the description.

Synonym
Range
Affinities

CVI. Eucalyptus megacarpa, F.v.M.

Description

Notes supplementary to the eae ae :

Range
Affinities

XCVUI. Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiére.

Description
Notes supplementary to the descriptio 1
Var. coronifera, V.v.M.
Synonyms.
Range
Affinities
Hybridism .

246
246

XCIX, Eucalyptus Maident, F.v.M.

Description : : : ° : : é
Synonym
Range ; ; : . : ; ; < : ‘
Affinities

C. Eucalyptus urnigera, Hook. f.

Description ape oe « ; 5 ° : é .
Notes supplementary to the description.
Var. elongata, Rodway . P A
Synonym. . : : , °
Range : : :
Affinities

Explanation of Plates. ‘

dN HK HN
a OO
N NO -

OV

DESCRIPTION.
XCV. E. macrocarpa, Hook.

In Icones Plantarum, tt. 405-7 (1842).

FoLuow1Ne is the original description :—

Arbor ubique farinaceo-glaucescens, foliis cordato-ellipticis brevi-acuminatis pedunculis axillaribus
solitariis brevissimis unifloris, calycis magni crassissimi operculo conico-acuminato, capsula maxima
breviter hemispherica marginata lignosa 4-5 valvi.

It was again figured and described in Bot. Mag. t. 4333, also by Paxton,
Mag. Bot. xv, 29.

It is. described by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 224, and by Mueller in
* Kucalyptographia.”’

Notes supplementary to the Description.

T have never scen it grow higher than about 14 feet. It forms copses, which are very tough, and
as it is usually very crooked in its growth, the wood is not used, The stems are seldom thicker than
about 23 inches. The flower has a superb appearance, usually about 3 inches across, and of a rich
crimson colour. (W. D. Campbell, of Perth, in a letter.)

Mr. O. H. Sargent has sent me a small photograph of a seedling raised by
him, in which a number of leaves are petiolate, and some of the lower ones

quite narrow.

The thin bark is quite smooth, and varies from pale to dark grey, according
to its age; the wood is pale-coloured, according to a specimen received from
Mr. Sargent.

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia.

Hab. Guangan, Swan River Colony, Australia. Mr. J. Drummond.

One of the finest of the many fine plants sent to me by Mr. J. Drummond from the Swan River
y I y :
Colony is the present new species of Eucalyptus. It is noticed in Mr. Drummond's letters, published in
the second volume of our Journal of Botany, p. 345, and subsequent pages. Guangan is the native name
y) I , | pag 8
for a country inland from the Swan River coast, constituting an open sandy desert, commencing about
80 miles B.S.E. [E.N-.E. in the original passage as quoted in the Journal of Botany] of Fremantle and
t=] I f=] - y VA
continuing for 200 miles, This barren, sandy desert is bordered by a considerable forest, composed
principally of two species of Eucalyptus, called Urac and Morral by the aborigines. The present one is
the Morral, conspicuous by its noble, glaucous, almost white leaves, its red flowers and its fruit, both
of an unusually large size. The same species, however, Mr. Drummond has seen with white flowers.

(Hooker, in original description.)

240

Drummond, writing from Hawthornden Farm, Toodyay Valley, 25th July,
1839, says :—

I have lately crossed the country from the sea-coast to the district called by the aborigines
Guangan. I believe Guangan, in the native language, signifies sand; but I mean by it the open sandy
desert which commences at about 80 miles E.N.E. from Freemantle, and is known to continue in the same
direction for 200 miles. Hooker’s Jowrn. Bot.* 11, 356 (1840).

the open sandy country is bordered by a considerable forest, composed principally of two

kinds of Eucalyptus, called Urac and Morral by the aborigines. The Urac was in full bloom, but it

seemed no easy matter to procure specimens, the trunk of the flowering trees being 60 feet high, very

smooth, and of a yellow colour. . . . One of the most conspicuous plants on Guangan is a shrubby

Eucalyptus with large glaucous coriaceous foliage, and conspicuous red flowers, succeeded by large

seed-vessels. I have observed a white-flowered variety of the same. (Letter of James Drummond, 25th
July, 1839, in Hooker's Journ. Bot. ii, 860, 1840.) This letter contains many references to Guangan.

The above is evidently the origin of Hooker’s statement. I do not know

what Urac is for a Eucalypt, but Morral or Morrel is a variety of Hucalyptus oleosa,

dealt with in Part XV, page 166.

Through a slip of the pen, Hooker’s statement would lead one to suppose that
Morral is a name for #. macrocarpa, which is not what Drummond said. The
last paragraph refers to 1. macrocarpa.

As to Guangan, Lehmann (Plante Preissiane, i, 132) refers to it as
Quangen, province of Victoria. Bentham has the same spelling, “ Forest bordering
the Quangen Plains.”

Mueller has it in the sentence, ‘ From Dungin leak eastward through the
Guangan Desert (J. Drummond).” Guangan seems to be lost from modern maps
but Dungin (Doongin) Peak is a remarkable conical hill, which I visited, a few
miles from Tammin on the eastern railway. I suggest that Guangan survives in
the modern name of “ Wongan Hills.” The Guangan district, as referred to by
Drummond, is a somewhat irregular area, more or less to the N.E. and E.N.E. of
Fremantle. It would probably, on its northern side, touch the old ‘“ province” of
Victoria, and its most southerly boundary would include Dungin Peak. How far
the “Guangan desert” goes eastward from Doongin Peak, as referred to in
* Hucalyptographia,” I do not know.

I submitted my identification of Guangan with Wongan, to Mr. Harry F.
Johnston, the Surveyor-General of Western Australia, who concurs. He says:
“Tt is the name now given to an isolated range of ironstone hills about 95 miles
north-east from Perth.”

He adds :—

With reference to the “‘open sandy desert commencing about 80 miles E.N.E. of Fremantle, and
known to continue in the same direction for 200 miles,” Mr. Drummond has been greatly misled, as
though “sand plains” so called exist, and some of large extent, later surveys have long since dispelled
erroneous ideas as to the size and sterility, and most of the land so designated is comprised in one of the
best wheat districts of the State, and the balance is grazing country for sheep.

* A word of caution in regard to the various series of Hooker’s Journal of Botany may be useful. There are :—

1. The Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany, &c., by W. J. Hooker. Vols. i-iv
(1834-1842). The above extract is from this series.

2. The London Journal of Botany, by W. J. Hooker. Vols. i-vi (1842-1847).

3. Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, by Sir W. J. Hooker. Vols. i-ix (1849-1857).

241

Mr. O. H. Sargent, of York, wrote to me in November, 1909 :—

The nearest 2. macrocarpa I know of is about 10 miles distant ; but the shrubs are not flowering
this year. I heard last week that the species is in full bloom near Greenhills, probably between 20 and
30 milesaway. . . . . Itis called “Blue Bush” in the Quairading district, where it is plentiful.

Shrub of about 10 feet, flowers scarlet (sic). In sandy ironstone near
Quellington (O. H. Sargent). Avon district (E. Pritzel, No. 907). ‘Est species
insignis districtui Avon propria in glareoso-arenosis” (D. 3,957; E. Pritzel PI.
Austr. oce. 997) (Diels and Pritzel, Hngler’s Jahrb. xxxv, p. 439).

It grows on the sand-plains 20 miles east of Beverley (W. D. Campbell).

Mr. Forest Ranger Gregory told me he knew the plant. He said it is found
70 miles east of Northam [this would be somewhere near Doodlakine.—J.H.M.]
that it has a fruit like a “ butter print” and that it is known as “ Desert Gum or
Mallee.”

All the above are in what may be termed the Avon district.

Following is the only northerly locality represented in this herbarium, and it
is in the modern Wongan Hills district.

“Plain north-east from New Norcia.’’ With narrower leaves. (Dr. A.
Morrison.)

Mueller gives the following additional localities for the species :—

In the serub-country near the south-eastern sources of the Swan River (Oliver Jones); in the arid,
somewhat elevated and undulating tracts between the Irwin and Greenough Rivers, in sandy as well as
gravelly soil (Mueller); near the north-eastern sources of the Blackwood River (T. Muir).

Between the Irwin and Greenough Rivers would be the most northerly, and
sources of the Blackwood River the most southerly records, and I would like to see
more definite localities stated.

Bentham says: “A specimen of Labillardiére’s, without flower or fruit,
from the Maria Island, on the same coast, appears to be the same species ”’
(B.Fl. ii, 224). Maria Island is off the coast of Tasmania, and I suggest that
Labillardiére’s specimen is 7. cordata, Labill.

AGEINITY.

With E£. pyriformis, Turez.

Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,” remarks that this is the only species in “near affinity” to
£. macrocarpa, for, notwithstanding the great disresemblance arising from the not general glaucous hue,
from the stalked as well as scattered and narrower leaves, and from the generally three-flowered umbels of
E. pyriformis, it must be conceded that flowers and fruits are constructed upon the same type ; indeed, in
Drummond’s collection occur specimens of £. pyrifurmis with opposite and already broader leaves, though
stalked and green; the mealy whiteness, however, of 4. pyriformis is confined to the young calyces
chiefly or solely, the flower-stalks are never wanting, the tube of the calyx is often contracted into a

242

distinct stalklet, the disk of the fruit-summit is more elevated, ascends above the base of the valves, and
may even overreach them, while the calycine portion of the fruit is usually distinctly marked with
radiating narrow ridges, a characteristic in which the lid also mostly participates. But in the variety
Youngiana of E. pyriformis the stalklets are almost wanting, though fruit-stalks are always developed.

Diels remarks :—

The only near relative of this species is 2. pyriformis, Turcz., with mature leaves, which occurs in
still drier regions. There are forms of this which differ from the typical #. pyriformis in several
characters in the direction of H. macrocarpa. Some have opposite leaves, others have a white bloom, at
least in the inflorescence, the pedicels (generally very distinct) are occasionally wanting ; in short, one can
see that ZH, pyriformis and EH. macrocarpa are sisters, with helicomorphic distinctions in the vegetative
sphere.

I think the chief differences and resemblances have been already stated.
The chief practical resemblances lie in the fruit and leaves.

In the northern specimens the leaves of . macrocarpa tend to be narrower
than the normal, but the leaves of the two species can hardly be confused, those
of EF. macrocarpa being broad, sessile and glaucous.

24:3

DESCRIPTION:
XCGVI. E. Preissiana, Schauer.

In Lehmann’s Plante Preissiane, i, 181 (1844).

FouLowine is the original description :—

Fruticosa, ramulis quadrangularibus, rigidis ; foliis firmis, oppositis subalternisve, ellipticis oblongis
vel subparabolicis, petiolatis, basi rotundatis, obtusissimis, viridibus nitidis ; pedunculo axillari latissimo
alato-ancipiti, petiolum aequante, trifloro; hypanthio brevissime pedicellato, obconico-cyathiformi (9 lin.

alto), fauce amplissima diametro oris longitudinem totius hypanthii aequante, operculo,

* * * * * *
Novembri a 1840 deflorata. Herb. Preiss. No. 239.
“ Frutex 8-pedalis.” Folia supra lucida, subtus nitida, in sicco utrinque subtlavescenti-viridia,

pellucide punctata; lamina 3} poll, longa, 14-1} poll. lata; petiolus 9 lineas circiter longus, latus,
complanatus, tortus. Hypanthium magnum ecostatum, ore estrorsum cicatrice duplici late marginato.
“Stamina sulphurea.” Germen in fundo faucis hypanthii vertice depresso 5-radiato et 5-angulato
breviter emersum, 5-loculare.—Species inter omnes tam habitu quam characteribus maxime insignis.

It was then figured (flowers and very young fruit, no buds) in Bot. Mag.
t. 4266.

It is described at B.¥I. iii, 232, and he quoted Drummond’s 8rd Coll. No. 63.

Mueller then described it in Latin in Fragm. ii, 38, and in English, with an
illustration, in “‘ Eucalyptographia.”’

Notes supplementary to the Deseription.

It forms spindly shrubs up to 10 feet, so far as I saw, most of them smaller.
Mueller says it attains a height of 15 feet.

The young leaves are decussate, or nearly so.

It has dots on the leaves, as has E. pallidifolia, and they are very noticeable.
These depressions or pits are caused by larvee of insects of the genus Alewrodes
(family Aleuroidez.), according to Mr. W. W. Froggatt.

The thick edges of the mature leaves are sometimes tinted brown.
The opercula are rather flat, as seen by me; double opercula are common.

The filaments are bright yellow in colour, very few species having {hem so
bright.

The numerous valves of the fruits are worthy of mention.

244,

SYNONYM.

E. plurilocularis, F.v.M.

The reference is a very brief one, there being no formal description.
In Fragm. ii, 70, Mueller says :—

**Huic ultimae speciei (4. megacarpa) paulo ad HL. Preissianam accedenti,
significatio #. pleurilocularis idonea erit.”

It is cited by Mueller in ** Eucalyptographia.”’

The type is figured at 3, Plate 78, and exhibits no less than 12 protuberances
on the depressed rim, ?.e., twice as many as there are valves,

RANGE.

The original description says the type was obtained ‘ In lateribus rupestribus
collium Konkoberup promontorii Cape Riche.”

Drummond, writing from Cape Riche in 1848, says :—

But the most striking example of the effects of the soil on the plants which grow upon it is seen at
Mount Melville, a low ironstone hill about half a mile from Mr. Cheyne’s residence. This hill is the
** Collis Konkoberup ” of the Plante Preissiane. (Hooker’s Journ. Bot. i, 251, 1849).

Mueller (“‘ Eucalyptographia”’) says it occurs at Stokes’ Inlet (Maxwell),
which is, roughly, midway between Hopetoun and Esperance.

Bentham gives the localities as ‘ From the Kalgan River to Cape Riche,”
evidently collected by Oldfield, at least as regards the Kalgan River.

Also I have seen in Herb. Barbey-Boissier a specimen labelled ‘‘ Shrub 3 feet,
anthers straw-coloured. Minanup, Kalgan, W.A.” (Oldfield), which gives a more
precise locality for Oldfield’s specimen.

As I emerged (5 miles) from forest on to plain land on the Takalarup Road,
coming from the eastern end of the Porongorups, I saw the first patch of this
species; but not till I reached 63 miles did I see it in abundance. I found it again
2 miles from the Stirling Range, on the Kalgan Plains. It occurs in patches on
these plains.

Diels and Pritzel speak of the same district :—

Observavimus plantam insignem im montibus lapidosis Stirling Range. Quorum montium summos
colles occidentales una cum Lambertia ericifolia habitat. Est frutex humilis ramis divaricatis foliis
percrassis glaucis insignis (D. 2991). Prope promontorium C. Riche viget forma foliis acuminatis
floribus minoribus notabliis (leg. A. Moir in hb. Berol!) (Engler’s Jahrb. xxxy, 441).

i)
=~
or

APPINITLES:

1. With FE. megacarpa, F.v.M.
See that species, which appears to be its closest affinity, below, page 247.

2. With FE. cosmophylla, F.v.M.

Leaves of this species more scattered, generally narrower and more acute, the flower-stalks shorter
and not much dilated, the flowers not so large, the filaments of paler colour, the fruits smaller, with less
descending rim and never top-shaped, but always devoid of any prominences encircling the valves, while
the sterile fruits are much more slender. (‘ Eucalyptographia,” under 2. Preissiana.)

246

DESCRIPTION.
XCGVIT, E. megacarpa, F.v.M.

In Fragm. ii, 70 (1860-61).

Ir was originally described by Mueller from a specimen cultivated at Sydney under
the name “Blue Gum,” together with non-cultivated specimens from South-
Western Australia.

Bentham then described it in B.FI. iil., 232.

It is figured and described in the “ Eucalyptographia,” and there is a note on
it at p. 14 of the “ Forest Resources of Western Australia.”

Notes supplementary to the Description.
A medium-sized tree known as “‘ Blue Gum.” Mueller saw trees 3 feet in
diameter near the Gordon River.

Bark like a White Gum, or perhaps like a Grey Gum (2. punctata of eastern
New South Wales) to some extent, that is to say, white and smooth, with patches of
bark of sand-paper like texture, which peel off and present a smooth surface, which,
in its turn, roughens and exfoliates. Bark rather thick, wood not hard, with large
gum veins (brown kino), and brownish towards the heart. A gouty, useless timber
tree.

Juvenile foliage (now described for the first time) elliptical ovate, commonly
4 inches long by half that width, apex blunt, very shortly stalked, texture not thick,
intra-marginal vein very distantly removed from the edge, lateral veins roughly
parallel and at about an angle of 30° to the midrib.

Anthers long, opening in parallel cells, with a large circular gland at the
back, showing a little at the top. Filaments glandular.

The fruits attain a size of over 1+ inch in diameter. The tips of the valves
form blunt cusps.

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia.

Following are localities quoted by Mueller in the original description :—
Wilson’s Inlet, Franklin (Frankland) River, Deep River, all localities close to each
other a few miles west of King George’s Sound.

24:7

Bentham gives the following localities :—

King George’s Sound and to the eastward, R. Brown, Drummond, 3rd Coll.
Suppl. n. 18; margin of Wilson’s Inlet, Maawell; near Augusta, Gilbert, No. 257
(I have seen a specimen of this in the Vienna Herbarium).

Mueller, in “ Forest Resources of Western Australia,” says: ‘“ Sparsely
occurring from the vicinity of King George’s Sound to Cape Leeuwin, occasionally
ascending the tops of mountains.” He collected it on the Gordon River, which is a
tributary of the Frankland.

Mueller (‘ Eucalyptographia”’) gives the following additional localities :—

Mount Elphinstone (Maxwell) ; on the granitic summit of Mount Burrabunup
and on the crest and declivities of the Stirling Range (Mueller).

There is a Mount Elphinstone in about lat. 20°40° S. and long. 128° 30’ E.,
just south of the Musgrave Range and near the South Australian border, but I do
not think this is Maxwell’s locality. Mount Burrabunup I cannot trace.

Thave it also from north-west gorge of Mount Toolbrunup, Stirling Range,
with rather small jeaves and fruits. (Dr. A. Morrison.)

Mr. Percy Murphy called the tree “ Flooded Gum.” He got it at Karridale,
near Cape Leeuwin, and describes it as 2 feet 6 inches in diameter, a stunted tree
not used locally ; grows on top of hills. Close to sea.

The trees I found between Princess Royal Harbour (King George’s Sound)
and the granite rocks on the ocean side, known locally as “The Caves,” were
growing in damp, low-lying sandy land.

I have received it also from “ King George’s Sound” (B. T. Goadby, No. 238),
and Mount Clarence, Albany, 20 feet high, 1 foot in diameter (J. Staer).

ok NEES,

1. With £. Preissiana, Schauer.
Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia ”’) says :—
£. Preissiana is only of shrubby growth, the branchlets are stouter, the leaves are mostly opposite,
often approaching to an oval form, of very thick texture and paler hue, with thicker veins, the flowers are
not rarely provided with short stalklets, the lid separates from the tube of the calyx by a less regular or
even imperfect dehiscence, and is often more blunt, the filaments are yellow, the fruits are semi-ovate, with
descending rim and short, almost deltoid, enclosed valves.

The juvenile foliage of /. megacarpa is not glandular-hairy, the filaments are
glandular ; the calyx-tube of the fruit is hemispherical in 2. megacarpa, and conoid,
almost top-shaped, in #7. Preissiana, the rim convex or domed in L. megacarpa, and
concave in ZL. Preissiana, the filaments white or cream-coloured in the former
species, and bright yellow in the latter.

248
2. With EF. globulus, Labill.

Mueller (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,”’ under #. megacarpa) has already compared
them, and their resemblances and differences may be stated as follows :—

The juvenile foliage is much more glaucous in J. globulus, and sessile, the
mature foliage longer and more aromatic. The buds and fruits are usually warty,
and much more variable than has hitherto been ascertained in Z. megacarpa.

HE. megacarpa isa snappy, gouty White Gum with inferior timber; 27. globulus
is an erect tree with more or less ribbony bark at the butt, and with hard durable
timber.

LE. megacarpa and FH. globulus resemble each other in their anthers (the
filaments are, however, not glandular), and in the convexity of the rim of the fruit.
EF. megacarpa has no very close relation, and hence, because we do not yet know its
near relations, is what we know as a “strong”’ species; 2. globulus is perhaps as
near to it as any other.

249

DESCRIPTION,
XC VIII. EF. globulus, Labillardiere.

In “ Relation du Voyage & la Recherche de la Pérouse,” &¢., i, 153 (1799), with
Plate 13 of the Atlas (1811).

There is an English translation of this work, entitled ‘‘ Voyage in Search of
La Pérouse,” &c., with the illustrations of the original reduced. At page 111 is
Labillardiére’s account of the tree, which I reproduce herewith :—

I had not as yet been able to procure any of the flowers of a new species of the Eucalyptus,
remarkable by its fruit, which very much resembles a coat button in shape.

This tree, which is one of the tallest in nature, as it grows sometimes to the height of 150 feet,
blossoms only near its summit. Its trunk exactly resembles that of the Hucalyptus resinifera, when its spongy
bark has been peeled off. In other respects these two species are nearly of the same dimensions. The
trunk, which is very straight, at least to one-half of its height, might be usefully employed in ship-building,
and especially for masts, although it is neither so light nor so elastic as that of the Fir. Possibly it might be
of advantage to construct masts of different pieces of timber, and even to perforate the large trunks of
trees throughout their whole length, so as to render them lighter, and give them equal strength by binding
them at equal distances with hoops of iron, By this means I should think they might be rendered as
strong as one could wish, since persons versed in mechanics know that a cylinder, though hollow, still retains
a great degree of strength. We were obliged to cut down one of these trees in order to obtain its blossoms.
Being already in a slanting position, it was easily felled. As the sun shone very bright, the sap was
mounting in abundance, and as soon as the tree was cut down it flowed very copiously from the lower part
of the trunk. This beautiful tree, which belongs to the tribe of the Myrtles, has a very smooth bark ; its
branches are somewhat crooked, and have toward their extremity alternate leaves, slightly bent, and about
6 inches in length, and one-half in breadth. The flowers are solitary, and grow from the base of the stalk
of the leaf.

The calyx is shaped like an inverted urn, and consists, like that of the genera of the same tribe, of
a single leaf, which falls off as soon as the stamina are completely formed. It has no corolla. The stamina
are numerous and attached to the sides of the receptacle. The style is simple and divided at its base into
four partitions. It has only one stigma. ‘The capsule is open at the top, and generally divided into four
partitions, which contain a number of angular seeds ; at the base it has four angles, two of which project
from the rest, It is shaped like a button, on which account I have denominated this tree Hucalyptus
globulus.

YXPLANATION OF THE FiGuRES IN PuAte XIII.

Fig. 1. Branch of Eucalyptus globulus,
Fig. 2. Flower.
Fig. 3. Fruit.
Fig. 4. Calyx.
The bark, leaves and fruit of this tree are of an aromatic nature, and might be employed for
economical uses in the place of those aromatics with which we have hitherto been furnished exclusively by
the Molucca Islands.

Then we have it more formally described by Labillarditre in his ‘ Novee
Hollandiz Plantarum Specimen,” ii, 121 (1806), in the following words :—

Eucalyptus operculo conico, medio constricto, calycis tetragoni latitudine ; foliis subfaleatis, axillis
unifloris. Habitat in capite Van Diemen (it not haying been ascertained at that time that Tasmania is
an island),

250

It was more fully described by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 225, and figured and
described in ‘‘ Eucalyptographia.”

No species has been written more about than /. globulus; a small library
has been devoted to it alone.

Notes supplementary to the Description,

It was at one time thought that it displayed no variation, but extended
knowledge of it has shown that it varies considerably in size of fruit, and in the
amount of rugosity, which may be even absent altogether. Instead of being
glaucous, the fruit may be glabrous and even shining, while, as may be observed
from examination of the figures on Vlate 79, there is not a little variation in the
shape.

While driving in the Beechworth district some years ago, Mr. C. I’rench, the
Victorian Government Entomologist, had his attention drawn to some leaves
growing on a Blue Gum tree by the road. They measured 28 inches in length, with
a corresponding width and solidity.

VARIETY.
Var. coronifera, F.v.M. (Fl. Tas. i, 183).

“ Mueller sends specimens from Gippsland with very small smooth flowers
and capsules; it is his var. coronifera.” (Hb. Hook.). (Loe. cit.)

Professor Ewart has favoured me with a specimen of a bud which is precisely
similar in roughness and general appearance to figure 3 of Plate 79, only very much
smaller—as small as those figured at 7a, but sessile. The flower from a bud like this
could scarcely be “smooth.” I doubt whether it is a useful variety.

SYNONYMS.

1. E. cordata, Miq. non Labill. in Ned. Kruidh, Archief. iv.
2. E. diversifolia, Miq. non Bonpl., loe. cit.
3. E. gigantea, Dehnh., Cat. Pl. Hort. Camald. Ed. ii, 20.

I have seen a complete series of specimens in Hort. Vindob.

4. EF. glauca, DC.
Through the courtesy of M. Casimir De Candolle I have examined the type
and agree that it is L. globulus, Labill.
The original label reads :—

Eucalyptus glauca, h. Noisette 18 Aout 1821. Toutes les branches sont congrées au meme arbre.
Les jeunes branches de l’arbre adulte ont peu a peu les feuilles plus petiolées et moins glauques. I] n’a pas
encore fleuri.

251

5. E. perfoliata, Desf. (Cat. Hort. Par., ed. iii, 408), “very doubtful”
(Bentham), is probably #. globulus, Labill.
6. E. perfoliata, Noisette. Is described in Steudel’s Nomenclator botanicus
ed. i, 1821, but is nomen nudum.
The reference is “ perfoliata” Nois.=glauca, It is quoted as a synonym of
Hi. glauca, DC. in DC. Prod. iii, 221.
7. E. pulverulenta Link’s Znum. p. 31 is also quoted asa synonym of ZZ. glauca,
DC., in the same place.
The seed of #. globulus has been exported to Europe for very many years,
and the above species arose through the practice of the early botanists, who named
Eucalypts from plants in the seedling stage.

RANGE.

Originally discovered in Tasmania, it has been found to oceur pretty exten-
sively in Victoria, and it is by no means rare in New South Wales, chiefly in southern
alpine regions. A favourite tree for planting, it now often occurs even in South and
Western Australia and Southern Queensland, but it is not indigenous there. As
regards Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales, it is important for observers to
carefully distinguish between localities in which it is planted and those in which it
is spontaneous.

TASMANIA,

It is fairly well diffused over many parts of the island, except in the west.
It is more common in the south than in the north.

The following Tasmanian specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney, have
historical associations :—

Adventure Bay, the locality visited in January, 1777, on Cook’s Third Voyage,
by David Nelson and Mr. Anderson, Surgeon of H.M 8S. “ Resolution,” who here
collected the first Eucalyptus. (J.H.M.)

R. Brown, Iter Australiense, 1802-5 (probably Hobart).

Port Arthur, visited by Backhouse and other botanists. (J.H.M.)

Hobart (Gunn’s No. 1070).

Flinders’ Island (Gunn’s No. 1070 and J. Milligan’s No. 658).

VICTORIA.

This tree grows plentifully in parts of Gippsland, for instance, from Neerim southwards through
Poowong to Jumbunna and westwards to Currajong. It is found on the north-eastern shores of Lake
King, at Lake Tyers in the Cunningham State Forest, at Apollo Bay and many other places, but I cannot
now recall any State Forest where it is found, exempting that at Cunninghame, It is found algo in the

16)

252

high mountains of the Great Dividing Range, on the sources of the Goulburn, Ovens, Mitta Mitta, and
even in the higher Alps, as at Mount Livingstone, where it is known as “Ribbony Gum,” (The late
A. W. Howitt, in an unpublished report).

It is somewhat widely distributed in Gippsland. It is found at various places along the littoral
forests on the Great Southern Railway from Korumburra to Forster and Toora. It occurs also at Neerim,
around Cunvinghame, in the Lakes District, and in various other places on the Baw Baw, or Great
Dividing Range. It is also found at the head of the Mitta and Ovens, and may also extend to the head
waters of the Goulburn. The chief State Forests which contain this timber are, Blackwood Reservation,
near Forster, Cape Otway. Other State Fores's containing Blue Gum include Apollo Bay ; here, however,
the difficul ies of an exposed port has been an insuperable barrier to the getting out of this timber by
water carriage. As regards the Mount Cole State Forest, Beaufort, the Blue Gum forest at Mount Cole
contains fine timber.

At Stanley State Forest, near Beechworth, a small “bed” of Elue Gumis found. (The late G.S
Perrin, in an unpublished report.)

Mueller briefly gives its Victorian range as “rom the vicinity of Cape
Otway to Wilson’s Promontory, northward to the Hume (Murray) [iver”
(‘‘ Eucalyptographia’”).

In the National Herbarium, Sydney, we have the normal form from the
following Victorian localities :—

Upper Fern-tree Gully (E. Cheel) ; Darlimurla, South Gippsland (H. Deane);
Metung (A. W. Ilowitt); Beechworth and Sandy Creek (Hb. Melb.) ; Long Gully,
Cassilis Township, scattered along the gullies in the locality (H. Hopkins). Some
of the fruits from this locality a little smaller than the type, and thus like some
New South Wales specimens.

New Sourn WALES.

Mueller in “Eucalyptographia” gives the Hume (Murray) and Tumut
Rivers for the occurrence of this species in New South Wales. He also quotes the
Rev. Robert Collie for the locality Braidwood to Araluen, but this is founded on a
mistake, the species afterwards named LZ, Maideni being Mr. Collie’s tree. I will
refer to this when I come to the latter species, page 259.

In the south it has been recorded from the Counties of Selwyn, Wynyard,
Buccleuch and Cowley.

Further north we have it from Burrinjuck, Yass district (County of Harden),
and still further north (west from Sydney) it occurs at the Jenolan Caves (County
of Westmoreland), also Nulla Mountain, 25 miles east of Rylstone, Mudgee district,
and at about 13 miles from Mudgee (Parish of Derale, County of Phillip).

In New England, we have it from the Nundle and Walcha districts.

Staff-Surveyor A. Chesterman, then of Tumut, made the following memo. a
few years ago, as to the localities in which Eurabbie (2. glolulus) is found.

(1.) Found only in mountainous districts where there is a certain rainfall. It grows in rich soil
along the lower edge of the snowbelt, for although the best trees grow in places where snow occasionally
falls and even lies on the ground for some weeks, the timber disappears as the higher levels are reached.

(2.) Through the County of Selwyn, along the slopes of the huge spurs falling westerly from the
Main Dividing Range, this timber is to be found, and hence it can be traced in belts and patches northerly
through the County of Buccleuch and into the County of Cowley, on to the Goodradigbee River.

253

Inviting attention to County maps, I would name the following parishes as places where Eurabbie
is to be found, starting from near the head of the Murray River (Indi) and proceeding northerly :—Geehi,
Youngal, Khancoban, Jagumba, Welumba, Cowra, Maragle, Burra, Beaumont, King, Buddong, and
Yellowin in County of Selwyn; Bago, Selwyn and Batlow in Oounty of Wynyard; Talbingo, Bogong,
Baloo, Jibeen, Nimbo, Garnet and Cooleman in County of Buccleuch ; Napier, Weejasper, and on to the
Goodradigbee River in County of Cowley.

Tt will not, of course, be understood that this timber is confined to these parishes ; but by following
them on the County maps an idea will be obtained of the belt of country in which this timber grows.
Along this belt it is scarce in places, perhaps more particularly through the Buccleuch parishes, and into
County Cowley. It is thickest in Parishes of Burra, Beaumont, King, and the edge of Selwyn, and some
of the best specimens I have seen were trees growing on the Burra Forest Reserve, a few miles east of
Tumbarumba. North of this again, through part of the Bago Forest Reserve, the trees grow to a good
size.

The following New South Wales localities are represented in the National
Herbarium, Sydney :—

(In New South Wales specimens the fruits are sometimes rather smaller than
the type, and less warted, but not always so.)

Southern Localities—Snowy Mountains (J. V. de Coque) ; between
Germanton .and Tumbarumba (W. Forsyth) ; ‘‘ Eurabbie,’ Burra, Tumbarumba
(J.S. Taylor); Cumberland Range, vid Talbingo (A. W. Howitt); in deep gullies
facing south-east, north of Burrinjuck (R. H. Cambage, J. L. Boorman, Rev.
J. W. Dwyer).

Western Localities.—Yruits rather smoother than the type, and smaller,
Jenolan Caves (John Duff, W. F. Blakely).

On. Nullo Mountain, about 25 miles east of Rylstone, it is growing in a fair proportion with
other timbers such as a large gum, locally called “ Mountain Ash,” Ribbon Gums, Manna Gums, Xe.
(G. R. Brown, formerly Forest Ranger.)

Eucalyptus globulus obtained on the Nullo Mountain, Parishes of Simpson and Nullo. The trees
measured girthed up to 13 feet at 4 feet from the ground, but length of barrel on the bigger trees will not
exceed more than 20 feet ; smaller girth, 9 feet or less, have fair length, 30 feet being quite common.

The timber is scarce, although a fair number of seedlings are making an appearance. Some saplings
give promise of growing into very long trunks,

The timber is not used in the locality where it is growing, being very hard to work, besides a
considerable quantity of easier worked timber is available.

I am informed that this tree is a very quick grower, and, judging by the spread that seedlings are
making, that eventually most of this reserve will be taken up with Blue Gum (globw’us). (Mr. James B.
Yeo, Forest Guard, rep-rting in 1912.)

It grows in limited quantities in the gullics of a mountain, 13 miles from Mudgee, viz., upon
Settlement Leases 387 and 388; in the Parish of Derale, County of Phillip. I was informed that a
number of the gullies carried this timber, which I had not time to visit. (R. Sim, junr., Forester.)

Northern Localities—Past Lindsay’s Gap (County of Parry), 5 miles on

Wallabadah Road from Nundle, there is a little #. globulus vay., and for some miles
further on.

Mr. J. F. Campbell, L.8., formerly of Walvha, but who has now left the
district, writes to me concerning Z. globulus :—

I have no locality map nor notes by me, and must depend entirely upon memory in the following
brief description,

254:

The most northerly limit of the species, as far as I know, is the Carrai Tableland, a small portion
of the main tableland on its eastern side, cut off by the canyons of the Macleay Riyer and Kunderang
Brook.

The Reserve embracing the timber is shown on the parish nap of Kunderang, I think, and on the
county map of Vernon, near its north-east corner. It adjoins, on the south, selections held by Mowle
and others.

The Carrai is elevated between 2,000 and 3,000 feet above the bed of the river, and is difficult of
approach owing to the steepness of the ascent. A bridle track from about the junction of George’s River
is probably the easiest route to the top.

The patch of globulus is confined to about 100 acres near the edge of the falls to Kunderang
Brook, with a southerly aspect. It grows on or near to the west contact of the slate with the granite,
the geclogical features of the Carrai. The granite occurs in the form of a dyke about 2 miles in width,
extending northerly across the Macleay, where it is well defined, and southerly towards Mt. Maiden, which
you know.

The timber is of marketable value, but small in con.parison with that of its southern limit (about
Hobart), which I have seen, The wood is yellowish, close-grained, and apparently healthy.

___As to its distribution, T have seen no other patches on the Tableland, but as much of the country
south of the Carrai is still unexplored botanically, other patches may yet be found. Mr, A. R. Crawford,
of Moona Plains, the discoverer of the Carrai patch, informed me that he has also seen the tree on the
eastern top of the Winterbourne Spur, some 20 miles westerly from the Carrai at a similar elevation.

Mr. A. R. Crawford, of Moona Plains, Walcha, wrote to me in January,
1896 :—

A smali-fruited form of Eucalyptus globulus has been sent by Mr. Forester Siddons, of Armidale,
from Stony Creek, Parish of Cochrane, County of Vernon. ‘The species was discovered there by me about
1889, and a specimen sent to Baron von Mueller. I know another locality where both tree and fruits are
much smaller than at Stony Creek. It is but a small patch, 50 or 40 acres in extent ; it is about 10 miles in
a crow line from Stony Creek. As I write it is visible from the door, and about 5 miles distant, but the Falls
are between us— 3 miles down and 3 miles up the opposite side. I think that the arid stony nature of the
place will account for the smaller tree and fruit. At Stony Creek the ridge is moistand shaded. I think
that the smaller patch was once of much greater extent, as I met with young plants more than } mile
distant from the patch.

Mr. Crawford wrote to me again as follows, 27th May, 1907 :——

Once I went from here on to part of the adjoining run, Winterbourne, north-east about 7 miles in
a crow line, having been told of a rare species of Gum-tree, which from description I knew must be
E. globulus. Thad previously discovered it on the Carrai Tableland where the reserve has been made. ‘lo
reach the nearest place, that on Winterbourne, I went down the hill to the river and camped at the yard
a mile below. At daylight next morning, as the range was very steep, I left my horse in the yard, and
after a climb of 2 miles gained the tableland, a small piece called “'The Narrow Neck,” and found the
E. globulus half a mile in. That was the variety with small fruits mentioned in the Agricultwral Gazette.
I think it is not a variety, but merely the poverty of the place it grows in,—very hard and dry,—ground
formation is, I think, clay slate. As long as I can remember, the place has every five or six years suffered
severely from bush-fires, —every leaf on the trees apparently killed. Looking across the gulf as you go
down to Kunderang, you are a mile distant in a crow line.

I wrote to him asking him to favour me with the latest report on the
occurrence of HZ. globulus in New England, and he promised to do so, but I sorrow-
fully record that this careful student of our vegetation was thrown from his horse
and died from the effects of it early in 1912.

Mr. District-forester T. H. Wilshire reported as follows in August, 1912, to
the Director of Forests :—

“Forest Reserve 22,699, Parish of Kunderang, County of Vernon. The only local information I
could obtain about this timber was from Mr. William Mowles, the lessee of the Reserve, who stated that
the only thing he had used it for was a pick-handle, and it answered admirably, being used both for fencing
and grubbing, and was in use two years when he lost it.

255

Another peculiarity pointed out by Mr. Mowles was that the blue gum only grows on the top and
southern fail of a low ridge running east and west, no specimens being seen on the northern slope, but he
showed me a seedling transplanted two miles to the north, making good growth.

F. R. 22,699 was proclaimed for the protection of this timber which was, I believe, submitted for
identification by Mr. Crawford of Moona Plains, and is situated on a high tableland about 3,800 fect
ahove sea-level.

This plateau is surrounded by deep guifs and at present can only be reached on horseback, it
contains approximately 60,000 acres,

There is approximately about 800 acres containing this blue gum, which is intermixed with
stringybark, blackbutt, white gum, oak and honeysuckle.”

Bee LN EES

d

Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,” says :—
It is at once distinguished from its numerous congeners, except L. alpina, by the warty-glandular
ealyces, covered by a crown-shaped lid ; besides the shape of its almost or quite sessile fruit is exclusively
peculiar and bears resemblance only to HZ. megacarpa and L£. Preissiana.

1. With £. alpina, Lindl. ;

E. alpina is of very slow growth, remains always a shrub, has thicker, more shining, almost oval or
even roundish leaves, smaller flowers, nearly heart-shaped anthers, less angular fruits with more depressed
rim. (‘ Eucalyptographia,” under Z. g’osulus.)

The two are certainly warted-budded species for the most part, and warted-
fruited sometimes. Reference may be made to Plate 41. The fruits of #. alpina,
however, have their valves exsert, and are more hemispherical in shape than those
of L. globulus.

2. With £. megacarpa, F.v.M.
This and ZH. globulus have something in common, particularly as regards the
fruits. I have already referred to the matter at page 248.

3. With EF. Preissiana, Schauer.

Except that both have somewhat large fruits, it would not occur to one to
compare the two species. Reference to Plate 78 shows that the buds and fruits
have nothing in common ; it remains only to add that #. Preissiana is asmal! shrub
with bright yellow filaments to the stamens.

4, With E£. Cambagei, Deane and Maiden.

This is another species which sometimes has warted buds. I will refer to the

affinities when I come to #. Cambagei.

5. With F. Maideni, F.v.M. ;
This species has the closest affinity of all to #. globulus, and I will deal with
the matter when I come to /7. Iaideni.

HYBRIDISM.

I have specimens of Tasmanian (?), Algerian, and Californian origin that
appear to be hybrids of this species. They will be described when they are figured.

bo
Or
or)

BE SCRE IION
XCIX. E. Maideni, F.v.M.

In Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W., xiv (or 2nd series, iv), 1020, with two plates
(1890).

Fo.uiowine is the original description :—

Finally tall; branchlets slender, quadrangular at the end; leaves scattered, of rather thick
consistence, copiously dotted, narrow-elongate or sometimes broad-lanceolar, distinctly or somewhat sickle-
shaped; the petioles from 4 to 1 inch in length, the lateral veins spreading and slightly prominent
underneath, the circumferential vein distinct and rather remote from the edge of the leaf ; young shoots
quadrangular, their leaves broadly cordate with a small pointed apex, opposite and of a whitish hue
underneath, petioles almost absent ; umbels axillary on angular stalks about } inch long, dilated towards
* the top, bearing two to nine flowers of rather large size, stalklets none, or exceedingly shoit; calyx-tube
obconical, angular, warty-glandular, especially at the base ; lid depressed hemispherical, suddenly raised
in the centre to a thick point, like the calyx-tube warty glandular ; stamens all fertile, inflexed before
expansion ; anthers oblong kidney-shaped ; stigma slightly broader than the style, depressed; ovulary
3 to 5-celled ; fruit } inch in thickness, nearly hemispherical, its rim broad, convex, at the edge separated
from the calyx-tube by an ample furrow; seeds all without any appendage, the sterile narrower and
longer than the fertile seeds.

SYNONYMS:

E. Mortoniana, Kinney. Described in “ Eucalyptus,” p. 193 (1895), by
Abbott Kinney, Los Angeles, Cal., U.S.A.

Foiiowine is the original description :—

Leaves long-stalked, scattered, lanceolar or sickle-shaped, long and rather broad; equally dull
green ; stalk compressed ; about length of calyx-tube; stalklet distinct ; calyx-tube rough, often slightly
ridged, top-shaped or truncate-ovate ; border of a tube has the appearance of a pot of some thick fluid
boiling over ; lid hemispheric-acuminate, the point or beak of the lid is thick and long ; buds flattened
and angular; valves exserted, generally four, or rarely three; bark sheds in long strips. General
appearance suggests Hucalyptus globulus ; anthers oblong, opening by parallel slits, dorsal gland prominent,
style spotted, somewhat dilated toward top, stigma not dilated.

Grown at Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.- It is No. 237,908 in the United
States National Herbarium.

T have figured leaf, bud and fruits at fig. 8, Plate 80. It is one of the larger
fruited forms of H Maideni.

RANGE.

FE. Maideni is at present only known from south-easterly New South Wales
and Eastern Victoria. Additional localities are required to more definitely establish
its range.

New Sourn WaALEs.
It is found in the southern part of the County of Camden, the most northerly
locality recorded being Box Point to Tallong, and additional search will prove it to
be somewhat farther north than that.

Going south it occurs in the Counties of St. Vincent, Dampier, and Auckland,
and so into Gippsland, It has not been recorded west of the counties named.

In the Counties of Wellesley and Wallace I fully expect to hear of this
species, or LZ. globulus, or both of them, being found.

The localities given by Mueller in the original description are: “In rich soil
only on steep mountain slopes from the southern boundary (of New South Wales)
as far north as the Braidwood and Nelligen districts’ (W. Bacuerlen).

Following are the localities of some ee collected by Mr. Baeuerlen at
the time :— -

Tantawanglo Mountain, Cathcart ; Colombo, Candelo ; between Nelligen and
Currawang Creek, and at Araluen and Monga, near Braidwood.

Following is a letter from Mr. Baeuerlen to me, dated September, 1890 :—

This Blue Gum, £. Maideni, I found a few days ago very plentiful on the Bolaro Mountain, near
Nelligen (County of St. Vincent.—J.H.M.), ascending to an elevation of fully 3,000 feet, growing amongst
bare rocks, but yet attaining a height of 150 feet and a diameter of 2 feet, with nemarAD ly straight and
long trunks.

For practical purposes the situation is inaccessible. On this mountain I saw it for the first time
associated with the Spotted Gum (HLucalyptus maculata), both species having, no doubt owing to their
situation, their fruit remarkably small, but in Eucalyptus Maideni I noticed the peduncles broader and
flatter than [ have seen them before.

The trees were on the eastern slope of the mountain, almost right up to the top of it, accompanied
by the Spotted Gum and Burrawang (MJacrozamia spiralis). As soon as I got over the top and on to the
western slope Spotted Gum and Burrawang had disappeared, and the Blue Gum appeared to be left with
Messmate, for there were trees, and plenty of them apparently, quite the same as on the eastern slope,—
the same in colour of bark, appearance of head, &e., the same in height and diameter ; in fact, they would
be taken to be exactly the same kind of tree as those on the eastern slope, but when I examined the
windfalls they all proved to be of Hucalyptus goniocalyx, the Mountain Gum, and young scedlings and
suckers bore testimony to the same,

It has been collected by others, as follows :—

Araluen Mountain (H. Deane, J. 8. Allan, J.H.M.). I was told it occurs at
Nerrigal, but I did not see specimens.

This timber is known locally by the name of Blue Gum or Grey Gun, and is only to be found on
the Araluen Mountain from the Irish Corner Mountain to Bell’s and Deep Creeks. There appears to be
a considerable number of fine trees growing in this locality, but the country is very rough and hilly,

(J. V. de Coque.)

Wyndham, near Eden, plentiful, and thence up to the foot of the tableland
(A. W. Howitt, J.H.M.).

Spring Hill, Wingello (J. L. Boorman) ; Box Point to Barber’s Creek, now
Tallong (J.H.M.).

258

The following report of Mr. Forest Ranger Taylor, dated 21st September,
1892, confuses Z. globulus with FE. Maideni, but with the notes I have placed in
brackets the confusion will disappear :—

Eucalyptus globulus is known in this district [he refers to the high lands about Tumbarumba] as
Eurabbie. It has been known to me since 1862, and was pointed out by my father as Blue Gum ; we cut
the timber that year for dray-shafts on the Old Man Mountain, overlooking the Araluen Valley, County
of St. Vincent. The price of Blue Gum [this is Z. Maideni| shafts was then 21s. per pair, Woolly Butt
18s., and Apple Tree 13s., which will give some idea of the relative value of these timbers.

E. globulus [E. Maideni| was brought under the notice of the Government in 1882 by Rev. Mr.
Collie, as growing near Araluen; again in 1883 by myself, as growing near Tumbarumba [Z. globulus| ;
and in 1884 by Mr. Duff, as growing at the Jenolan Caves [Z. globulus].

When I reported it in 1883 [i.¢., from Tumbarumba] I forwarded seeds, which were pronounced by
Baron von Mueller as identical with Tasmanian Blue Gum.

To my own knowledge it is distributed over a wide area in this Colony, but only in limited clumps
or patches, and not.in any defined or continuous belts, but in every instance the elevation above sea-level
is about the same, from 2,500 to 3,000 feet, confining itself to the same line of ranges, and, if I mistake
not, the same formation, and certainly the most inaccessible spots, places where until the last forty or
fifty years the foot of the white man had never trodden, and but seldom at present.

T am under the impression that it can be traced from the Blue Mountains, Abercrombie Ranges,
Araluen Mountains, along the western slopes of the Australian Alps, through Gippsland, southward,
confining itself to the dividing line of ranges.

T cannot say that it is plentiful, for it seldom covers an area of more than ],000 acres, in clumps of

20 to 30 miles apart.
’

VICTORIA.

In this State it is confined to Gippsland, and we require further collecting to
absolutely determine its range.

Following are some localities represented in the National Herbarium,
Sydney :—

Long Gully, Cassilis township, Gippsland (H. Hopkins); 7 miles north-west
of Bacchus Marsh, in the bed of the Lederberg River (P. R. H. St. John). See fig,
10, Plate 79. . These two specimens are similar, and exhibit a transit form between
EE. globulus and EF. Maideni, which 1 am inclined to think is nearer to the latter.

Cann River, Gippsland (H. Hopkins). Figured at 7, Plate 79. This is
another transit form, and I make the same remarks as I have done in regard to the
preceding. More or less warted buds are common in #. Maideni. Mr. Hopkins
says the same form occurs at Toongabbie, about 100 feet above sea-level, at Sardine
Creek (Cann River), Rising Sun Creek, near Bonang, at about 1,500 or 2,000 feet
above sea-level.

T have a larger fruit than that depicted (see 7b, Plate 79), also from the
Cann River. The fruit is as large and as smooth as 11 and 12 (Plate 79), from
Metung and Sealers’ Cove respectively (A. W. Howitt and J. L. King). Specimens
like these seem true transit forms between FZ. globulus and FE. Maideni, and there
will probably always be a difference of opinion as to which species they are more
closely allied.

I have a most interesting series of H. Maideni from Metung, some collected
by the late Dr. A. W. Howitt, and others by Mr. J. L. King and myself. Some
(eg., fig. 12, Plate 80, in particular) may be thought to afford instances of
hybridism,

259

URINE Ss:

1. With £. globulus, Labill.

The following account of the confusion between these two species, and the
history of the elucidation of . Maideni, is from the pen of Mr. William Baeuerlen,
the well-known botanical collector, and is taken from a letter addressed to me by
him on 21st February, 1891.

Re Eucalyptus globulus occurring as stated by Mr. Duff in the County of St. Vincent (this
refers to a statement in the press), I beg to state that the species does not occur there. The tree called
“ Blue Gum” in that district is #, Maideni, and the nearest locality to Moruya, where it occurs, so far as T
know, is the Bolaro Mountain, .

The history connected with the species is, as far as I can make out, about the following :—

The tree is rather plentiful on the mountains about Araluen, and is commonly called “ Blue Gum”
there. Some years ago the Rey. Robert Collie visited the locality, saw the tree, and judging no doubt
superficially from the chalky leaves and angular twigs, took it to be #. globulws, and had it reported in
several publications that he found #. globulus as far north as Araluen. This report has been copied and
reiterated by almost everyone who had anything to write on Eucalypts. To my surprise, it is even in the
« Eucalyptographia,” and I am sure the Baron must have accepted Mr. Collie’s report merely on trust,
and cannot have seen, at the time, actual specimens of the tree.

In December, 1884, I was inthe same locality when I found the tree in flower, and also saw the
fruit. It struck me at once that it is not #. globulus, wherefore I sent a complete set of specimens to
Baron von Mueller, who at the time did not diagnose it further than to say that it might be a variety of
E. botryoides, and there the matter rested for some time. About two years afterwards I found the species
again at Colombo, locally known as “ Blue Gum,” “ White Gum,” or “ Spotted Gum,” from where I sent,
fruiting specimens again to Baron von Mueller, who then said that he required flowering specimens for its
determination, in consequence of which I asked my friend, Mr. David Allan, of Colombo, to watch the
trees and collect flowering specimens. Unfortunately, the following season the trees hardly flowered at all
so that only a few flowers could ‘be obtained. These, however, with more fruiting specimens, were
forwarded to Baron von Mueller. Meanwhile, under the impression that the tree is a hybrid, I paid
particular attention to it in order to trace out its parents, especially in the south on the Tantawanglo
Mountains, near Candelo. At that time also the Baron threw out the hint that the tree might be a
hybrid between Z. globulus and HE. goniocalyx, and stated expressly that if that would be the case, both
parents should be found in those mountains. ‘This at first appeared much like solving the problem most
satisfactorily, but pursuing the matter further I found that though JZ. goniocalyx is very plentiful,
E£. globulus is not found in those mountains, and in some respetts the species is widely different from
E. goniocalyx to allow that species to have had anything to do with the species in question. From former
correspondence you know how eventually the Baron found again the flowering specimens sent to him
years ago and how he determined it to a new species, and named it #. Maideni. The chief point in
question, is, however, that it is not #. globulus, and it is worthy of remark that never in one instance
when the Baron received specimens from me did he say that the species is £. globulus, which makes me
believe that he received no specimens from Mr. Collie, but accepted the report merely on trust.

If there is a species I have expressly looked for from the Shoalhaven to the boundary of Victoria,
and have not found, it is #. globulus.

The two species are doubtless more closely allied than any other species.

The young branchlets in both species are quadrangular and sometimes a little
winged, while the juvenile leaves are very glaucous, and reck with oil. The juvenile
leaves appear to be the same in both species, except that those of L. Maideni appear
to be the smaller.

Both are large trees, known as * Blue Gum.”
Db

260

The buds of #&. Maideni are smooth, or only slightly warted; those of
E. globulus are usually much warted. #. Maideni has long peduncles, often strap-
shaped; in ZH. globulus the peduncle is absent or very short.

The fruits of H. Maideni are small, conoid, slightly angled, usually smooth
or little warted, little constricted at the rim, and with the valves distinctly exserted.
Those of Z. globuius are large, less conoid, usually very much warted and angled,
much constricted at the rim, and with the valves rarely exsert.

2. With EF. goniocalyx, ¥.v.M.

The affinity to this species has already been referred to, and some observers
may look upon 2. Maideni as intermediate between FZ. globulus and E. goniocalyx.
I will deal with the matter when I come to 2. goniocalyx. Mr. Baeuerlen has
already referred to it (p. 259).

3. With E£. pilularis, Sm.
The buds and fruits of the two species may resemble each other (compare
Plate 4), butin H. pilularis the first is usually less conoid and less angled, while the
buds have never been known to be tuberculate. The bark of 4. pilularis is more
fibrous; the timber of both trees is pale-coloured. The anthers of the two species
are different.

4, With FE. punctata, DC.

The buds and fruits of these two species undoubtedly resemble each other
somewhat, but 2. punctata is a “ Grey Gum,” without rough or ribbony bark at
the butt; it also has deep red timber, while #. A/aideni, although sometimes called
“Grey Gum,” is nota Grey Gum of the #. punctata type, t.e., the true Grey Gum of
the oldest settlers of Australia.

261

DESCRIPTION.
C. E. urnigera, Hook. f.

In Lond. Journ. Bot. vi, 477 (1847).

Fouus ovatis v lineari-ovatis rectis v. curvatis utrinque angustatis plerisquc in petiolum sublongum
attenuatis, pedunculis subelongatis trifloris, alabastris cylindraceo-urceolatis pedicellatis cupula depresso
hemispherica latiuscula umbonata y. mamillata fractu lignoso urceolato laevi infra orem crassum valde
constricto.

Hab. Mount Wellington and Lake Echo; Gann:—v.v.n. Arbor statura variabilis, ad cacumina
montium arbuscula, in convallibus montosis arbor 20-pedalis v. procerior evadit. Ramuli exempl.
alpestribus rugosi, nudi, rufescentes, procerioribus laeves, glauci. Folia 14-4 une. longa, bis ad quater
longiora quam lata, coriacea, plerumaue nitida. Alabastra } ad $ unc. longa, plerumque plus minusve
urceolata. Fructus }—1 une. longus, elongatus y. rarius globosus, semper infra orem dilatatum contractus.

Then it was figured and described by Hooker in Bot. Antare. Perak Fil.
Tas. i, 134 (Plate XXvVi).

Besides the Latin description (practically a copy of the original), the author
deseribed it in English, as follows :—

A small tree, 15-20 feet high, with spreading branches and drooping, red-brown branchlets,
Leaves extremely variable in size and shape, 1-4 inches long, generally shining, from ovate or elliptic and
straight to narrow, linear-lanceolate and falcate ; apex with a short, Hogked.: deauons mucro ; petioles
almost an inch long. lowers 1—} inch long, in threes, with long pedicels at the apex of a long peduncle.
Calyx extremely variable in breadth (rarely globose), swollen below, then contracted and expanding again
at the mouth, which is thick, and not plane. Operculum short, broad, often with a mamilla, but some-
times sunk in the middle. Fruit sometimes an inch long; valves sunk far below the mouth, placed at the
contraction, Upon this species a species of Coccus abounds, which yields a bright-red colouring matter,
which may be of use in the arts: the fact was first noticed by Mr. Lawrence, who hid commenced experi-
ments upon the subject, thit were frustrated by his lamented death.

Then it was described by Bentham in B.FI. ili, 227. It is not figured by
Mueller in the ‘“ Eucalyptographia.”

Notes supplementary to the Description.

The juvenile foliage is large, orbicular, sometimes very glaucous, though not
always so, and has crenulated edges, the crenulation being sometimes not very
obvious.

It will be observed, on reference to fig. 1¢, Plate 80, that the shape of the
fruit is sometimes scarcely urceolate.

The timber is pale-coloured.

Variety elongata, Rodway.

A tall, spreading tree. Bark smooth, white. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4-8 inches long. Peduncle
not very long. Operculum conical, umbonate, half as long as the capsule. Fruit pyriform-globose,
slightly constricted, } inch long. Capsule much sunk. (Zhe Tasmanian Flora, p. 58.)

262

Mr. Rodway (in a letter to me) points out the close resemblance of the
juvenile foliage of this form to that of Z&. viminalis. He has suggested the
possibility of this form being a hybrid between ZL. urnigera and L. viminalis, and
says that wherever he has seen the variety growing, he has always seen the two
species associated.

SV NON YM.

Eucalyptus Whittinghamiensis, Hort. (I have also seen the _ spelling
Whittinghami.)
Raised from seed gathered on Mount Wellington, Tasmania, in Whittingham
Gardens, Haddingtonshire, Scotland.

Mr. Rodway has a specimen in fruit and early bua, which, he says, is appar-
ently a form of #. wrnigera, in which opinion I concur. I hope fuller material will
be available.

I may say that #. wrnigera grows at Whittingham (see Gardeners’
Chronicle, 14th January, 1899, p. 19).

RANGE.

It is confined to Tasmania.

In the original description and F/. Tas., Hooker quotes the localities known
to him as ‘‘ Alpine districts, not uncommon on the summit of Mt. Wellington,
Lake Echo, &c.”’

Bentham says Robert Brown found it on Table Mountain. Table Mountain
is the original name for Mt. Wellington. It occurs on that mountain at an eleva-
tion of about 3,009 feet. He named it, and it is presumed described it, as seems to
have been his practice when he attached a name, but his name was never published.
Indeed, few of Brown’s observations on this interesting genus were ever published,
through some unfortunate misunderstanding.

In the National Herbarium, Sydney, we have the following specimens :—

Mt. Wellington (Ronald Gunn’s 1,074); Riverside, Risdon (Gunn’s 1,078) ;
Marlborough (J. D. Hooker, Gunn’s 1,075); Mt. Falkiner (L. Rodway) ; Mount
Field East, at an elevation of 3,000-4,000 feet (J.H.M.).

263

APE TNT ies:

1. With £. cordata, Labill.

The juvenile foliage is sometimes only maintained for one or two feet of
erowth. In other localities it is maintained until the plant is G to 8 feet, and is
always exactly like that of 4. cordata.

I will deal with the affinities of the two species when I come to /. cordata.,

2. With EF. Stuartiana, F.v.M.

This species is like 2. wrnigera, one in which the juvenile foliage is nearly
orbicular, usually glaucous, and with crenulate margins. The buds and fruits are
very different.

3. With E£. corymbosa, Sm.

This species possesses an onvious resemblance to #. urnigera in the shape of
its fruit; the individual flowers are somewhat similar, but the inflorescence is less
corymbose. In other respects the resemblance appears to be less close.

4, With E. cladocalyx, F.v.M.

E. urnigera is a species whose operculum is very much shorter than the calyx-
tube. This is accompanied by a peculiar curved shape, and also the diameter may
be larger than the calyx-tube at the junction (see fig. 14b, Plate 80), Certain
members of the Corymbosee group, viz., H. maculata and eximia, have opercula
shorter than the calyx-tube, but the species are very different in other respects.

In £. cladocalyx, however, the size of the bud and the proportionate size of
operculum and calyx-tube are so similar to those of #7. wnigera as to merit mention.

Explanation of Plates.
PLATE 77.

Eucalyptus macrocarpa, Hook.
,

la. Twig with leaf and fruit. 20 miles east of Beverley, W..A. (W.D. Campbell). The flower is 3 inches
in diameter in a dry state, The figure in the “Eucalyptographia” perhaps hardly shows
‘sufficiently the crowded foliage. It certainly does not show the undulations of individual leaves.
1b, front and back views of anther. The anther has a somewhat remarkable shape.

2. Bud received from Miss Moore, of Perth, W.A. Locality not stated. ‘This bud shows neither angle
nor wing.

3. Fruit. Plain north-east from New Norcia, W.A. (Dr. A. Morrison.) The fruit is larger and riper
than depicted in the “ Eucalyptographia.”

Eucalyptus Preissiana, Schauer.
4a and 4b, Two pairs of juvenile leaves; 4c, double ofercula (rather shrivelled). 4a shows the insect
markings (see p. 243), which are fairly characteristic, ‘Takalarup Road from Porongorups,

W.A. (J.HM.)

la.

Lo

Lo

264

PLATE 78.
Eucalyptus Preissiana, Schauer.

Mature leaf, showing insect markings ; 1b, front and back views of anther; lc, fruit. Takalarup
Road. (J.H.M.)

Buds from cultivated specimen in Botanic Garden, Hobart (coll. J.H.M.). The opercula are rather
blunt.

Views of a fruit of type of #. plurilocularis, F.v.M. (2. Preissiana, var. plurilocularis, F.v.M.)

Eucalyptus megacarpa, F.v.M.
Juvenile leaves. Near Albany, W.A. (B. T. Goadby.)
Intermediate leaf. Tops of hills, close to the sea, Karridale, near Cape Leeuwin, W.A. (Percy Murphy.)

. Mature leaf; 65, front and back view of anthers, showing also transparent glands on the filaments

6c, fruits (larger than those depicted in “ Eucalyptographia”). The other side of Princess
Royal Harbour from Albany. (J.H.M.)

Bud. “ Western Australia.” (C. Walter.)
Buds. Cultivated in Botanic Garden, Melbourne. (W. R. Guilfoyle.)

PLATE 79.

Eucalyptus globulus, Labill.
Juvenile leaf. (Coll. Labillarditre in Herb. Kew.) (Tasmania.)

. Juvenile leaf; 2b, mature leaf. Adventure Bay, Tasmania. (J.H.M) Captain Cook visited
Adventure Bay, and here the first Eucalyptus described (obliqua, L’Hérit.; see p. 51, vol. 1,
part 2) was collected. :

Bud. Hobart, Tasmania. (L. Rodway.)

. Front and back views of anther ; 46, typical form of ripe fruits. Port Arthur, Tasmania. (J.H.M.)

5a. Bud; 50, fruit. The top of the fruit is flat, and in bud and fruit there is a slight indication of

pedicel. (R. Gunn, Flinders Island, 1842, No. 1,070.)
Fruits, no flattened pedicel, quite sessile. Long Gully, Cassilis township, Victoria. (H. Hopkins.)

Ta. Buds ; 76, small fruits, nearly smooth. Cann River, Gippsland, Victoria. (H. Hopkins.)

Fruit of medium size. No flattened pedicel. Fruit sessile in axis of leaf. Burrinjuck, N.S.W.
(R. H. Cambage.)

9a. Fruit of medium size and slightly warted; 96, smaller and nearly smooth ; 9c, small, smooth, and

10.

with a sharp rim. All from Jenolan Caves, N.S.W., and within a few yards of each other. 9a
and 96 (John Duff); 9c (W. F. Blakely). These three specimens alone illustrate the great
variation in the fruits of this species.

Fruit. Long Gully, Cassilis township, Gippsland (H. Hopkins); also 7 miles north-west of Bacchus
Marsh, in the bed of the Lederberg River, Victoria (P. R. H. St. John). This is a transit form
to B. Maideni.

Frui's of medium size, smooth, domed. Metung, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)

Fruits of melium s’ze, flat-topped. Sealers’ Cove, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)

Eucalyptus Maideni, F.v.M.
Juvenile leaf. Colombo, Candelo, N.S.W. (Type). (W. Baeuerlen.)
Juvenile leaf. Spring Hill, Wingello, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)

PLATE 80.
Eucalyptus Maideni, F.v.M.

: Buds; 14, buds; 1c, anthers; 1, mature leaf and fruit. Colombo, Candeio, N.S.W. (Type). (We

Baeuerlen.)
Buds. Spring Hill, Wingello, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
Small, slightly domed fruits. Monga, Braidwood, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
Slightly !arger, slightly domed fruits. Box Point to Barber’s Creek, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

1, 9b, 5c. Three sizes of fruits from the same tree. Araluen Mountain, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

Bud and flower. Poole’s Inlet, Metung, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)

Fruits. Long Gully, Cassilis township, Victoria. (H. Hopkins.) Compare the fruits of forms of
LB. glubulus, e.g , fig. 10, Plate 79.

. Mature leaf ; 8b, bud; 8c, fruits of No. 237,908, U.S. Nat. Herb. Cult. at Los Angeles, Cal., U.S.A.

(Type of FE. Mortoniuna, Kinney.)

. Buds ; 96, fruits of a form between #. globulus and EL. Maideni, but nearer to the latter. Metung,

Victoria. (John L. King.)

. Buds; 10, fruits, smooth buds, slightly angled.

Fruits. Both 10 and 11 are from the same locality and by the same collector as 9, and they are like-
wise intermediate or transition forms, showing nearness to 2. Maideni.

. Buds; and 12é, fruits, with rather long pedicels and peduncles, referable to LZ. Maideni. Same

locality and collector as No, 9.

HLucalyptus urnigera, Hook, f.

Juvenile leaves.’ Near the summit of Mount Field East, Tasmania. (J.H.M.)

. Mature leaf; 144, buds; 14c, anthers; 14d, fruits of a co-type. R, Gunn’s No. 1,074. Mount

Wellington, Tasmania.
Mature leaf, margin slightly undulate. Mount Wellington, Tasmania. (L. Rodway.)
Fruit, scarcely urceolate. Mt, Wellington, Tasmania. (A, H., 8, Lucas.)

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New

South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work;. photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

Details in regard to their economic

The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

acacioides, A. Cunn. (xlviii).
acmentoides, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewst, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, ¥.v.M. (xlvi).
bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).

Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix). nh
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (i).
Luehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
‘macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata, Hook. (vil).
melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).

microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviii).
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
ochrophloia, F.v.M. (1).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (vill). |
pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).
piperita, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, ¥.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iil).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).
Thozetiana, F.v.M. (xlix).
virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price Is. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and

other illustrations.

Sydney William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—1913.

ASG RITICAL REVISION OP THE

GENUS. UGIEVPTUS

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vors de YPAr neo
Part XIX of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

“Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Hvery generation enjoys the wse of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even.when they fail, are entitled to praise.”’

Macauray'‘s ‘‘ Essay ON MILTON.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Svonewv :

WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.

*179\2—A 1913.

Le aL ited eo

ssihact I Bide

CH Us RHE F.v.M.
Description
Recorded Vanienee
1. var. acuminata Benth.
2. var, pallens : ; - “ -
Range.
Affinities

CII. Eucalyptus nitens, n. s.o
Deseription
Synonym
Range 4 : : : ; :
Affinities . : : : ‘ ‘ ‘ .

CIT. pe eloaphora, F.v.M.
Description
Synonyms.
Range
Affinities

CIV. Eucalyptus cordata, Labill.

Description : _ 2
Notes Sune te to the Pee intion

Range

Affinities

CV. ees See F.v.M.
Description
Range
Affinities

Explanation of Plates.

PAGE.

2 ja
207

275
277

DESCRIP BION.

CI. EF. goniocalyx, F.v.M.

In Miquel’s Stirp. Nov. Holl. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 134 (1856).

THE original description is in Latin, and a copy will be found in my Forest Flora of
New South Wales, vol. i, 116.

The type specimens came from the Buffalo Range in north-eastern Victoria.

Following are the earliest specimens seen by me, labelled H. goniocalyx by
Mueller himself :—

(a) Buffalo Range, March, 1853 ; (0) Mitchell River, April, 1854.
It was again described in Latin in the Fragmenta ii, 48, in May, 1860.

The localities quoted in the Fragmenta are the original one, and to this was
added Mount Buller, Loutitt Bay (between Cape Otway and Port Phillip), the
sources of the Rivers Yarra and Barwon and the River Mitchell (all in Victoria).
The localities are inland mountain and also coastal.

The tree, “ small or tall,’’ was called “Spotted Gum,” its bark rough and
peeling off (rugosus, secedens).

Then Mueller (Fragm. iv, 52) in February, 1864, described #. el@ophora
from grassy mountains near the McAlister River (north-eastern Victoria), par-
ticularly in the neighbourhood of Mt. Ligar.

The tree was small, and with bark persistent, rough, and of a dirty ashy grey
(persistente rugoso sordide cinerascente).

Then in B.FI. iii, 229, in describing 2. goniocalyx in English, Bentham
speaks of the “ bark rough and persistent on the trunk, at least when the tree is
large, deciduous in the upper part (Oldfield), usually deciduous, but sometimes
persistent (F. Mueller.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate” . . . and he
makes F#. eleophora, F.v.M., a synonym.

Mueller, in Hucalyptographia, accepts Bentham’s conclusion, and figures the
species, which he terms ‘‘ The Spotted Gum of Victoria,” although he does not confine
his description to that tree.

He says: “As regards the nature of the bark, it fluctuates between

Hemiphloiz and Leiophloiz ; in the latter case the tree passes among the woodmen
as Blue and White Gum-tree ; in the other case as Grey or Bastard Box.”

The facts seem to be as follows, and I will deal with some of them at greater
length when treating of #. eleophora :—

(1) The original 2. goniocalyx, F.v.M., is what was known as EL. e/@ophora,
F.v.M., or #. Cambagei, Deane and Maiden.

(2) Mueller, in Fragm. ii, 48, redescribed his original 2. goniocalyx as E.
eleophora.

(3) In the Eucalyptographia he included, under the name of #. goniocalyz,
two trees—a smooth-barked gum and a rough-barked species, the former being what
is now generally known as ZH. goniocalyx, F.v.M.,and the latter as #. eleophora, F.v.M.

(4). I think it would cause endless confusion to attempt to suppress ZL.
goniocalyx, F.v.M., now, redescribing the smooth-barked Gum (which is the tree
universally accepted now as #. goniocalyx) under another name.

* E. goniocalyse (sensu strictu) may be briefly described as follows :—

A tall tree, bark smoothish, but with ribbons and more or less roughish and even flaky bark at eee
Found in gullies or damp bottoms.
Timber pale-coloured, fissile, .
Juvenile foliage thin, broad to narrower, pale underside or equally green on both sides.
’ Seedlings narrowish, with pale undersides to the leaves.

Buds pointed but sometimes blynter; operculum of lesser diameter, shorter than calyx tube ;
filaments drying dark.

Fruits pear-shaped and angled, sometimes with a rim, stalked or sessile, valves sunk, flush with
orifice or exsert. In parts of New South Wales orifice quite open and not slightly contracted.

Recorded Varieties.
1. Var. acuminata, Benth.

Flowers more distinctly pedicellate, the bud narrow, the operculum longer
and more acuminate. Gippsland, F. Mueller. (B.FI. iii, 230.)

I have a drawing of a type specimen of this plant, and have seen the original,
which [ think can hardly be maintained as a variety.

2. “Var. pallens. Specimens glaucous white, as in Z. dealbata. Mountains on
Snowy River, F. Mueller.” (B.FI. iii, 230.) See below, p. 276.

RANGE.

E. goniocalyx is found in the States of South Australia, Victoria, and New
South Wales, favouring valleys with moisture and fairly good soil. y

VICTORIA.
“ #. goniocalyx has a wide range in Gippsland, especially in the western parts.
It grows well in the deep shady gullies of the southern slopes of the mountains, where it reaches

some 200 feet to 250 feet in height, with a tall massive bole. In its typical form it occurs in the valley of
the Thompson River, on the Upper Wellington, near Grant, on the southern slopes of Fainting Range at

Pe a sete a

269

Gelantipy, and elsewhere, up to 4,000 feet above sea level in fayourable localities. It is very commonly
termed “Blue Gum,” and as such has, to my knowledge, been cut by saw-millers. At Walhalla it is used in
preference to £. Sieberiana or £. capitellata, as being the best procurable in the district for props in the
mines, and, so far as my experience goes, may be placed after Z. globulus as a useful timber tree for work
that is not placed in or on the ground—as framing or planking.

The typical form of 2. goniocalyx seems not to be able to cross from the cool southern slopes to the
warmer and drier northern sides. . . . . Onthe south side of Fainting Range 2. goniocalya ascends
to the summit at about 2,000 feet.” . . . (A, W. Howitt in Trans. Hoy. Soc. Vict. ii, 103, 1890.)

Following are some localities represented in the National Herbarium,
Sydney :—

Grey Box, Lilydale (A. W. Howitt); Dandenong Mountain (J.H.M.);
large Gum-tree with smooth slate-coloured bark, Fern Tree Gully (R. H. Cambage) ;
smooth-bark variety, Warrandyte (C. Walter); Healesville district (C. Walter) ;
** Dividing Ranges”’ (C. Walter).

Upper Barwon, also near Bunyip River (Herb. Melb. No collectors stated) ;
Blacks’ Spur (H. Deane).

Grey Gum, Darlimurla, South Gippsland (H. Deane); Bairnsdale (A. W.
Howitt).

Large Gum-tree with a little rough bark, in moist flats, Mississippi Oreek,
near Metung (J.H.M.). ;

Walhalla (A. W. Howitt; Fainting Range (A. W. Howitt); Gooram,
North-east Victoria (H. B. Williamson) : Strathbogie (A. W. R. Vroland).

Souta AUSTRALIA.

Glen Ewin, Houghton (Mr. McEwin).

The species should be further sought for in South Australia in the ranges
around Adelaide; localities to connect the Victorian ones should also be ascertained.

New Sout WALEs.

It will be seen that the species is particularly abundant in south-eastern
New South Wales, connecting with the Victorian localities for a considerable
distance. Westerly it does not appear to leave the Blue Mountains, while it
becomes rare in the north, where its range is unascertained.

South—Grey Gum, Twofold Bay. A specimen in bud with longer pedicels
(L. Morton); Eden (A. W. Howitt); Bell-bird Creek, Eden-Pambula (A. W.
Howitt); ‘Yellow Gum,” the bark often presenting a more or less yellow cast.
Candelo district (A. Rudder). It has the extraordinary name of “ Monkey Gum”
in the Bermagui district. Mr. Oliver Smith, Forest Guard, who gives me this
information, says that the “‘ Native Bears,” or ‘‘ Koalas”’ (Phascolarctos cinereus)
are especially fond of the foliage of this tree, as many as fifty being seen on one

270

at one time. The Native Bear is, on the South coast, often vulgarly known as
“Monkey.” Cathcart (H. Deane); near Montgomery’s saw-mill, Tantawanglo
Mountain (H. Deane and J.H.M.); Grey Gum, Buckley’s Springs, 15 miles east of
Bombala (A. W. Howitt); Tumbarumba (T. H. Williams).

“ Mountain Gum,” smooth bark, Reidsdale, near Braidwood (H. Deane) ;
‘* Mountain Gum,” height 150 feet, diameter 3 feet, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Monga,
near Braidwood (J. 8. Allan, W. Baeuerlen) ; “ Mountain Gum,” Major’s Creek (W.
Bound); ‘ Grey Gum,” Benandra (J. S. Allan).

“Yellow Gum,” the largest trees of the district, 40-80 feet high, the bark
of a ribbony nature, the yellow patches are prominent, whence the bark peels
off; the older bark is of a greyish colour, and reminds one of that of 2. punctata.
Prominent midrib of a yellow colour, tips of branches yellow. Wood yellowish
when fresh, and with age turns to the colour of Tallow-wood (2. microcorys). Sides
of gullies on good, rich land, Nye’s Hill, Wingello (J. L. Boorman).

West Dapto (R. H. Cambage).

West.—Tall trees with a green glaucous bark, except at the foot. Locally
known as Mountain Ash. Valves exsert.. Head of the Valley of Waters, Went-
worth Falls (W. Forsyth). ;

Kanimbla Valley, Hartley to Lowther, also old road to Hartley Valley from
Mount Victoria (J.H.M.). With very quadrangular-stemmed suckers, Hartley to
Hassan’s Walls (J.H.M.).

Jenolan Caves (W. F. Blakeley; J.H.M.). Mount Wilson. A Gum, with
fruits smaller than the type, almost spreading orifice, with valves well exsert and
long pedicel (Jesse Gregson and J.H.M.).

North—Black soil, Upper Meroo, Mudgee district (A. Murphy).

Bark ribbony. | Valves of fruits exsert, hardly to be distinguished from certain
Blue Mountains trees. Nundle, Hanging Rock (J. L. Boorman). Material some-
what incomplete in both these northern specimens.

AEBPINITTES:

1. With £. incrassata, Labill., var. dumosa.

“Very near in flowers to some forms of 2. dwmosa, but with a very different
foliage.’ (B. Fi. iii, 2380). I only note this because it is a suggestion of Bentham.
If Plate 16, Part IV, of this work be turned to, it will be seen that the affinity is not
close. #. goniocalyx has not corrugated opercula. LZ. goniocalyx isa large tree
found in the coast and mountain districts, in localities where var. dumosa, which is
a shrub, or very small tree, is never found.

271

2. With E. eleophora, F.v.M.
This is the species undoubtedly closest to £. goniocalyx, and I will deal with
their affinities when I come to L. eleophora.
3. With F. Stuartiana, F.v.M.
ky. eleophora is in some respects intermediate in characters between L. gon-
tocalyx and #. Stuartiana, and I will deal with their affinities when I come to F.
Stuartiana.
4. With F. quadrangulata, Deane and Maiden.

There is no doubt that these two species have much in common. Some
obvious affinities are :—

(1) Quadrangular sucker stems and shape of sucker foliage.

(2) Timber of a similar class, although that of #. quadrangulata is
apparently more interlocked.

Their most obvious dissimilarities are :—

(1) B. quadrangulata has a Box-bark.

(2) The fruits of 2. quadrangulata are smaller, and the valves more
exserted.

5. With £. globulus, Labill.

In its young state H. goniocalyx is often taken for Blue Gum, Z. globulus,
by reason of the bluish-grey tint of the young foliage, hence its bush name, “ Bastard
Blue Gum.”

The timber of the two trees have much in common, but the buds and fruits
readily separate the two species. (See Plate 79, Part XVIII, of the present work.)

6. With EF. Maideni, F.v.M.

Both are large trees yielding pale-coloured, durable timbers, which resemble
each other a good deal. They more closely resemble each other than do L. gonio-
calyx and E. globulus, H. Maideni being in a measure intermediate between these
two species. ‘The three trees resemble one another a good deal in the bush ; exami-
nation of Plate 80, Part XVIII, of the present work will show that #. Maideniand LH.
goniocalyx are sufficiently distinct.

17912—B

DESCRIP EION,

CH 2h niensea. Sp:

I sueceEst that the tree hitherto known as #. goniocalyx, F.v.M., var. nitens,
Deane and Maiden, is worthy of specific rank, and describe it in the following
terms :—

Arbor major, “Giant Gum,” “Silver Top,” diverse nominata.

Cortex basi rugosus, deciduus, in stratis tenuibus secedens, parte superiore laeve.

Lignum fissile, pallidum. Ramuli quadrangulares et aliquando alati. Folia juvenia obtuse

lanceolata, basi cordata, amplexicaulia. Folia matura nitidula, crassa, petiolata, falcata, lanceolata.
Venae patentes. Vena peripherica a margine remota.

Folia aliqua undulata et margines irregulariter dentatae videntur propter tubercula insectis facta.

Fructus nitidi ad 7 in capite, circiter 5 mm. longi, ovoidi, valvularum apices leniter angulares sub
orificio depressi.

A very large tree, growing to a height of 200-300 feet, and with a diameter (measured by Mr.
W. Baeuerlen) of 2-17 feet.

Known as “ Giant Gum” or ‘‘ White Gum,” in the Bombala district of N.S.W., but perhaps more
distinctively “Silver-top” or “Silver-top Gum” in reference to the smooth and shining bark of the upper
part of the trunk.

Bark.-—Deciduous, hanging in strips, and more or less rough at the butt; the upper portion,
which usually includes nearly the whole of the tr unk, smooth, and even shining.

Timber.—Almost flesh-coloured when fresh; dries very white. Straight in the grain, not very
easy to work to a smooth surface, being slightly teary and shrinking in the grain on exposure to the
atmosphere.

Juvenile Foliage.—Branchlets quadrangular and even-winged, Leaves equally green on both
sides, somewhat glaucous. Bluntly lanceolate in shape, the bases cordate and stem-clasping. Rather thin
in texture, covered with minute oil-dots, mid-rib prominent, lateral veins spreading, the intramarginal
vein scarcely obvious, the margin slightly thickened.

Mature Leayes.—Equally green on both sides, somewhat shining, thickish, petiolate, falcate,
lanceolate, nearly symmetrical, venation spreading, intramarginal vein distant from the edge. The
mature leaves may attain a length of over 1 foot, and a width of 3 inches, but usually they are very
much smaller.

A character which I have not seen in any other species has been described as follows at my
request by Mr. E. Mackinnon, He has also made illustrative drawings, which have not been
reproduced, ,

Small tubercles appear irregularly distributed along both margins of the leaves. The base is
approximately 1 mm. in diameter, and the centre of the tubercle is generally depressed and black.

Microscopie examination of the tissue in this area and in the ordinary margin of the leaf shows
that the abnormality is probably due to injury by some insect, as the leaf has been stimulated to produce
cork-tissue to surround and close off the injured part from the rest of the leaf.

Mr. Froggatt, Government Entomologist, is of the opinion that the insects responsible belong to
the family Coreidea: (Gum Tree Bugs) or the family Cercopide (Frog Hoppers).

ee a ee dare eS ae eee see eee ee gee ae

eae ee ee

#

273

The phenomenon has been noticed both in the longest leaves and also in the small mature leaves,
and gives the leaf an undulate appearance, while the margin becomes irregularly toothed, as shown on 9}
and 9c, Plate 81).

Buds.—Not seen fully developed, shining, usually pale brown, curved, angled, both ealyx-tube
J to} i ? ? =) ? »
and operculum curved ; operculum pointed, the operculum shorter than the calyx-tube.
Flowers rot seen,
Fruits.—Shining up to seven in the head as seen, sessile, on a common peduncle of about half

an inch; about 5 mm. long, ovoid, slightly angled, slightly contracted at the orifice, thin-rimmed, points
of the valves sunk beneath the orifice or scarcely protruding.

The type is Delegate River, N.S. W., W. Baeuerlen, May, 1889, National Herbarium‘and Technological
Museum, Sydney. It is figured Z#. goniocalyx, F.v.M., var. nitens, Deane and Maiden, on Plate 81.

SYNONYM.

E. goniocalyx, F.v.M., var. nitens, Deane and Maiden. Proc. Linn. Soe.
N.S. W., xxiv, 463 (1899).

- RANGE,

So far as we know at present, it is confined to north-eastern Victoria (part
of Gippsland), and to south-eastern New South Wales—its furthest north, so far
as we know, being near Bodalla.

It is represented by the following specimens in the National Herbarium,
Sydney :—
VICTORIA.
Mount Mueller, near Mount Baw Baw, Victoria (James Melvin)—received
from the late J. G. Luehmann, National Lferbarium, Melbourne.

New Sourn WaALtLEs.

, Haydon’s Bog, Delegate (W. Baeuerlen); ‘“‘Giant Gum,” Delegate River (W.
Baeuerlen); ‘‘Silver-top Gum,” Glenbog, Dividing Range, near Candelo (J.
Duff).

“‘Silver-top,’’ 80-120 fect, diameter 2-4 feet, occurring chiefly in damp
and swampy places. Mountain Top, Nimitybelle (W. Baeuevlen).

“Mountain Gum,” smooth grey bark, with few long flakes, near Nimbo
Station, head of Queanbeyan River (II. Deane).

Very long leaves. Turlinjah, Tuross Lake (J.H.M.).

274.

bE pital See

1. With £. goniocalyx (F.v.M.).

Its closest affinity is undoubtedly with this species, of which it has long
since been looked upon as a variety. The differences which separate the two
species appear to be as follows :—

(1) #. nitens attains a magnitude apparently never attained by L. goniocalyz.

(2) The timber of the two species appears to be different, but an adequate
technical investigation of the timber of #. nitens has not yet been made. It would
appear to be freer in the grain, less interlocked, and less durable than that of
E. goniocalyx.

(3) The young branchlets of #. goniocalyx do not appear to be winged
at any time.

(4) The peculiar margins of the leaves, owing to insect action, appear to
be peculiar to H. nilens.

(5) The fruits of E. nitens are much smaller and shinier than those of
E, goniocalyx. 4

2. With EF. quadrangulata, Deane and Maiden.

The affinities of these two species will be indicated when I reach —
Ei. quadrangulata.

DESCRIPTION:
CII. EF. eleophora, F.v.M.

THE attention of my readers is invited to what I have already said in regard to this
species under F. goniocalyx, F.v.M., ante p. 267.

Following is a translation of Mueller’s formal description of 2. eleophora
in Fragm. iv, 52, with italics as in the original :—

Arborescent, with angular branchlets, at length nearly terete, with falcate-lanceolate leaves,
closely covered with pellucid dots, alternate, thinly coriaceous, equally coloured on both sides, rather
shining, on petioles long or moderately long, with thin primary veins diverging in an acute angle, the
peripheral one remote from the margin, with solitary two-edged axillary peduncles and capitate, four to
seven flowered umbels, with the calyx-tube nearly doubly exceeding the length of the semi-ovate double
operculum, with truncate-ovate fruits, slightly or hardly angular, three, rarely four-celled, the vertex of the
capsule convex, enclosed, the acute valyes reaching to the orifice, with wingless seeds, the fertile ones
conspicuously larger than the sterile ones.

In grassy mountains at the McAlister River, especially in the vicinity of Mt. Ligar.

A middle-sized tree with a persistent rugose bark, dirty ash-erey. Leaves 3-7 inches long, ? to 14
inches broad, with a long acute apex, the base often oblique. Peduncles hardly } to 1 inch long, 1} to
2 lines broad. Bracts of the umbel in the early state enveloping the calyptra, membranous, deciduous.
Outer operculum membranous, very deciduous. Fully developed flowers not seen. Fruits nearly 4 lines
long, slightly contracted at the mouth. Fertile seeds black, obliquely or almost round-ovate, nearly 1 line
in diameter, sterile ones brown, clavate, or sub-rhomboid.

The species was described by Deane and Maiden, under the name of 2.
Cambagei, with two plates, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxv, 106 (1900).

The description may be supplemented as follows :—

A “ Box,” the rough bark occasionally strongly resembling that of an Ironbark in old trees. It
grows on the well-drained sides or tops of hills.

Juvenile foliage.—Thickish, as a rule, but sometimes thin (e.g., Bendigo, Victoria), of equal
colour on both sides or rarely pale on the underside (e.g., Bendigo). Orbicular, orbicular-acuminate
to oyate or obiong.

- Buds.-—Operculum pointed or blunt, shorter than the calyx-tube, which is flattened or almost
winged sometimes.

Filaments dry red.

Fruits.——Valves scarcely exsert to very exsert, and with wide orifice; fruit sometimes very angular,
and very large. Stalked or sessile.

SYNONYMS. -

1. E. goniocalyx, F.v.M., var. pallens, Benth.
2. EF. Cambagei, Deane and Maiden.

1. E. goniocalyx, F.v.M., var. pallens, Benth. ‘Specimens glaucous white, as
in EF. dealbata. Mountains on Snowy River, F .v. Mueller.”’ (B.FI. iii, 280.)

276

The following four specimens belong to this variety (pallens, Benth.), and
are, indeed, the type :—-

I do not find it a useful variety-name either of BH. goniocalyx or of E.
eleophora, since the glaucousness is merely a matter of locality, and I find no per-
manent morphological differences between it and 7. goniocalyx or E. ele@ophora.

(A) “ Eucalypti goniocalycis videtur varietas pallens.

* Arbor mediocris divisionis F. dealbata, cue valde humilis? In montibus
ad. fl. Snowy, 10/2/54. Dr. M.” (Mueller). ;

The above is a copy of a label in Mueller’s handwriting in Herb. Melb.

,

(B), “ Euc. goniocalyx, Ferd. Mueller, var., Snowy River.” Copy of a label in’

Mueller’s handwriting in Herb. Melb.

The fruits of (B) are smaller, have the valves more exserted, and are less
glaucous than those of (A). The leaves are precisely the same, and no doubt the
fruits pass into each other.

(C), “ Hucalyptus pallens, DC. Snowy River, Mueller.” Copy of an old label
(not on printed form) from Herb. Melb. in Herb. Calcutta.

(D), “ Eucalyptus albens, DC. Snowy River, Victoria, Dr. F. v. Mueller.”
Copy of a label (on printed form) from Herb. Melb. in Herb. Calcutta.

For some further references to the confusion between Z. albens and #. pallens
see Part XI, p. 20, of this work.

In this connection it is useful to consider the following specimens, which are
glaucous and have the valves obvious, but not much exsert.

VICTORIA.

“A scraggy tree, 60-80 feet high, 3 feet diameter at the base, rough scaly
bark, persistent on stem and branches.” Fruit more hemispherical than usual.
Long Gully, Cassilis Township (by side of Omeo road), N.E. Victoria (H. Hopkins).

“Common in northern Victoria” (J. Blackburne); Buffalo Mountain (C,
Walter); Beechworth (C. Falck).

New Sourn WALES.

Burrinjuck (J. L. Boorman) ; hills near Gooradigbee and Burrinjuck (Rey.
J. W. Dwyer) ; ‘“‘ Mountain Apple,” Queanbeyan District (H. Deane); Tharwa, on
Murrumbidgee, 16 miles south-west of Murrumbidgee (R. H. Cambage) ;
“ Mountain Apple,” rough-barked, Rob Roy (H. Deane); Adelong Range (A. W.
Howitt) ; summit of Mt. Naughton, near Tumut (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorraan) ;
Tumut (W. Campbell); Bago Forest Reserve, Tumut District (W. U. Nowland);
Merambego (W. Forsyth).

ee ee es, ee ey ee ee ee Ok eee eee aa ee

¢
Aad

——. 2

2
(The above are all in the southern district; the following are from con-
siderable elevations in the western district. It would appear that the glaucous
appearance is the result of environment.)

On Devonian rock, Cargo road, 17 miles from Orange (R. H. Cambage) ;
top of Mt. Moppra (4,000 feet), Warrumbungle Ranges (W. Forsyth).

RANGE:

It occurs in the following States:—South Australia, Victoria and New
South Wales.

It extends over a considerable range in New England, New South Wales,
and I think itis most likely that it will be found in that portion of New England
which extends into Queensland.

The localities of the glaucous specimens already enumerated should be borne
in mind and added to those about to be given.

;

Sourn AUSTRALIA.
* Bastard Box,’ Adélaide and Barossa Ranges (W. Gill).

Some from the same general locality, but from near Murray’s, Mount
Crawford (W. Gill), are conoid, valves well exsert and a remarkable form. See fig.
13, Plate 82. Wirrabara (J.H.M.)

Some of the fruits hardly exsert, like fig. 3c, others large and well exsert,
like figs. 12 Laura (W. Gill).

VICTORIA.

The typical form of Z. goniocalyx seems not to be able to cross from the cool southern slopes to the
warmer and drier northern sides, but there is found in such places a peculiar divergent form.

On the south side of Fainting Range 2. goniocalyx ascends to the summit at about 2,000 feet,
while on the northern face of the mountain, and at about 2,500 feet above sea level, there is « peculiar
variety of this type. (The italics are mine, and refer to H. elwophora.—J.H.M.). The seedlings and young
plants have opposed, ovate, sessile leaves of a rather light tint of green, not shining, and without the
peculiar and characteristic rank odour of the leaves of the young plant of the common form.

The tree is usually under 50 feet in height, often with a short bowl, and scanty limbs and tops.
The bark is distinctly wrinkled, and the branches only aresmooth. The leayes are finally scattered, long
lanceolar or faleate lanceolar, and more attenuate at the stalk than is usually the case in the typical form.
The marginal veins are somewhat remoyed, and the lateral ones slightly spreading. The umbels, flowers,
and fruit accord well with the general character of this Eucalypt. (Howitt in Z'rans. Roy. Soc.
Viet. v, 2, p. 103 (1891) ).

278

In an unpublished report of 1895 Mr. Howitt again refers to two trees placed
under #. yoniocalyz.
The variety (b) (of goniocalyx, but which is eleophora, J.H.M.) grows in two localities in the
Gippsland mountains and yery generally throughout the other parts of the Colony.
It is not necessary to refer to it further than to say that it is used in places for “ round posts”
for fencing where better timber is not to be obtained. Otherwise it is a worthless timber.

Buffalo Range, collected and labelled ‘‘ Bucalyptus goniocalyx” by Mueller.

Specimen from herb. Melb. from the late J. G. Luehmann, labelled “ Euca-
lyptus eleeophora, F.v.M., Macalister Ranges, Gippsland. Mueller. Original
specimen.”

“Bastard Box,” Croydon (A. W. Howitt); Eastof Balmoral (A. W. Howitt);
Ringwood (R. H. Cambage); Dandenong Range (— Boyle); Mt. Macedon
(J.H.M.; E. Cheel) ; called “Bastard Box’ at Macedon (W. S. Brownscombe) ;
Mandwang and Water Reserve near Bendigo (J. Blackburne) ; Heathcote (A. W.
Howitt) ; “‘ Apple Box,” ‘“ Apple Jack,” “ Stinking Box,” “Cabbage Box,” a very
variable species, stunted in growth, bark roughish, persistent up to the smaller
branchlets. Leaves up to 10 inches and over in length, from broad to narrow
lanceolar, Heathcote, &c. (W. 8S. Brownscombe) ; Ararat (A. W. Howitt) ; Pyrenees
(Collector of Baron von Mueller, September, 1871. Glaucous).

New Sourn WALES.
Mr. R. H. Cambage has given the following general account of its range in
New South Wales :-—

“In the Mudgee and Bathurst to Goulburn districts it is seldom found below an altitude of 2,000
feet above sea-level, though near Cootamundra it is growing at about 1,200 feet, and at about 550 near
Albury. It is known under the names of Apple, Mountain Apple, Bastard Box and Bundy, the last
being the local name south of Bathurst, around Rockley and Burraga, where it is in considerable request
as a fuel in the copper smelting furnaces. South of the Macquarie River it is seldom found west of a line
joining Wellington, Molong, Cargo, Mt. McDonald, Gundagai and Albury. There are, however, a few
patches of it to be found west of this line, one being near Bumberry, between Molong and Parkes, and
near Cootamundra, while there are probably other small areas of it in isolated spots. In these extreme
western localities it is usually found occupying the tops of hills, and is undoubtedly more in its regular
home on the higher lands to the eastward. In the Bathurst and Orange districts it may generally be
found growing on ridges of silurian slate ; and although it evidently prefers a sedimentary formation, it'is
occasionally to be found on hills of igneous origin. In no case does it appear to grow on an alluyial flat.”
(Proc. Linn. Soc. W.S.W. xxvii, 199).

The following specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney, are arranged:

South.—Wyangle, near Tumut, very large fruits, No. 880 (R. H. Cam-
bage).

Practically identical specimens. Queanbeyan (J. L. Boorman); Top of

Burrinjuck Mountain (BE. Cheel); Hills near Burrinjuck and Gooradigbee, Yass
district (Rev. J. W. Dwyer) ; Gundaroo (Rev. J. W. Dwyer).

279

“Bastard Apple” “ Bastard Box,” Cootamundra to Stockinbingal (R. H.
Cambage).

Binalong (R. H. Cambage).

Hill 13 miles north Yass Junction (R. H. Cambage, W. M. Carne); Yass
(Rev. J. W. Dwyer).

Bowning (A. Murphy) ; Goondah, near Bowning, No. 1908, also Kangiara,
14 miles north of Bowning, on hills of quartz-porphyry. Large fruits. No. 2201
(Rt. H. Cambage),

“ Box.” Follows tops of mountains and sides of hills. Box bark right up
butt and limbs. Smooth only on smaller branches. Up to 3 feet 6 inches in
diameter. ‘Towrang, on Cookbundoon Mountains (A. Murphy).

Marulan (J. L. Boorman); Bungonia (W. Baeuerlen),

West.—Hartley to Hassan’s Walls (J.H.M.); Tarana,—on Allan Cun-
ningham’s track to Sidmouth Valley (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); three miles
south of Locksley (R. H. Cambage); Bathurst (L. Stephenson); Bathurst to
Sofala—on Allan Cunningham’s track (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); Perth, near
Bathurst (J. L. Boorman); Hill End (R, H. Cambage); ‘‘ Broad-leaved Pepper-
mint,” Mudgee (Rev. Dr. Woolls); Carwill Creek, Rylstone, No. 27238 (R. HH.
Cambage); Hargraves (A. Murphy).

A thick stemmed, thick limbed, small crooked branched tree. The bole and
limbs have a bark between peppermint and box in character. The branches smooth
up to a foot of top. Mt. Macquarie, Carcoar (A. W. Howitt).

Mt. McDonald, near Cowra, on granite (R. H. Cambage, J. L. Boorman,
J.H.M.); Canoblas, Orange. Glaucous (R. H. Cambage).

Low trees, the branches with a somewhat pendulous habit, bark light grey,
not very rough. Height, 30-40 feet. Girth, 2-3 feet. On the ranges, Mt. Esk,
Bowan Park, near Cudal (W. F. Blakeley); Ironstone Hill, Cadia, Orange (R. H.
Cambage) ; Borenore, 95 miles west of Orange. Glaucous (R. H. Cambage);
Ophir, Orange (&. H. Cambage); Bumberry, Molong (J. L. Boorman) ; Toogong,
Forbes District (District Forester Wilshire); Stuart Town (A. Murphy). “ Woolly
Butt.” Plentiful in moist lands! Euchareena (J. L. Boorman); Harvey Ranges,
near Peak Hill (J. L. Boorman) ; top of Mt. Bulaway, 3,450 feet (W. Forsyth) ;
“ Woolly Butt,” sides of Damnation Creek, Warrumbungle Ranges (W. Forsyth).

North.—On basalt, Kar’s Gap, about 2 miles from Liverpool Range, 22
miles north-west of Scone (R. H. Cambage). Murrurundi. Fruits smaller than
normal (W. F. Blakeley). Also (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.), glaucous twigs,
larger angled, valve-exserted fruits.

17912—C

280

Small pendulous trees growing at the highest (?) elevations around Nundle.
Bark resembling that of 4. Siwartiana, not plentiful. Also about one mile on the
ascent from Nundle (right hand) to Hanging Rock. Seattered on the hills at
lower levels. With leaves, when dried, as large as 20 inches long and 4 inches
wide (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman).

Eastern end of Mt. Terrible, Currabubula, at 2,900 feet. No. 3,578. Glau-
cous. Valves exsert (R. H. Cambage). Three miles north of Currabubula, at
2,500 feet. Fruits large, prominently angied. Valves exsert. No. 3,558 (R. H.
Cambage). Side of Tia River, near Walct:a, below falls (W. Forsyth) ; Mt. Lindsay
(at 4,860 feet), Nandewar Mountains. No. 2,393 (R. H. Cambage). The most
northern record, and at the greatest elevation known to the collector. Also at the
foot of Mt. Lindsay (3,600 feet).

APINIDGIES.

1. With EF. goniocalyx, F.v.M.

The most obvious differences between the two species are seen in the forest,
when LF. goniocalyx is seen to be a tall, straight-growing tree, loving damp flats
and creek’ sides, with a smooth bark, having ribbons, and fissile timber, while
LE. eleophora preters the tops of-dry hills, and is a straggly tree, with rough
bark, often to the small branches, with timber interlocked, and with juvenile foliage
more orbicular. The young leaves of EH. goniocalyx have pale undersides, and
quadrangular branchlets,

There are, however, transition stages between the two species, which some-
times causes one to hesitate, whether in the herbarium or in the bush. As a rule,
however, it is not easy for an intelligent person to confuse the species.

The fruits of BE. eleophora sometimes attain a larger size than those of
E. goniocalyx.

2, With £. Stuartiana, F.v.M.

E. eleophora, in the southern tablelands, goes under the local names of
Mountain or Highland Apple, and Bastard Box.

It is one of the most useless timbers in the bush; it is also very difficult to
destroy, whereas the Lowland Apple (EZ. Stuartianu) is easily destroyed and fre-
quently dies of its own accord. Both trees are, however, very much alike in the
region mentioned. The two trees are often confused in the bush, but the leaves of
Hi. el@ophora are usually much longer than those of #. Stwartiana.

I will further compare the two species when I deal with Z. Stuartiana.

38. With F. Gunnii, Hook. f.
A glaucous form of #. Gunnit (a smooth-barked species) resembles, so far as
herbarium specimens are concerned, certain glaucous specimens of £. e/@ophora a
good deal.

~J will again refer to the subject when I come to 2. Gunnit.

4.and 5. With £. globulus, Labill., and E. Maideni, F.v.M.

These are erect trees with smooth or ribbony bark, but both species some-
times form a scrubby growth, and in that state resemble a good deal a form of
#. eleophora found around Nundle, for example. The leaves also are not dissimilar,
while the large fruits (e.g. fig. 15, Plate 82, and 2b, Plate 83) have some resemblance
to fig. 12, Plate 79 (#. globulus), and fig. 11, Plate 80 (2. Waideni). The fruits of
the latter species are, however, usually more domed and fewer in the head than in
i. eleophora, but the general resemblance of the three species undoubtedly exists,
and will be referred to later.

DESC ETON.
CIV. E. cordata, Labill.

Nov. Holl. Pl. ii, 13, t. 152 (1896) (the toothing of the leaves being rather
too accentuated) in the following words :—

~

Eucalyptus operculo hemisphxrico, mucronato, folius oppositis, sessilibus, cordatis, crenatis.

Arbor procera, ramulis teretiusculis, sepius glaucis ut folia ovato-cordata, vix acuminata,
decussatim opposita, patentia. Capituli ut plurimum triflori, pedunculo communi semitereti, florum
longitudine, operculo brevi. Calyx turbinatus. Stylus brevior staminibus ; stigma obtusum. Capsula
obovata, immersa, tri ad quadrilocularis. Cxterum ut in precedentibus. Habitat in capite Van-Diemen.

It was then described in Hook. f., Fl. Tas. i, 182; also in B.Fl. ili, 224 and
Eucalyptographia, the leaves perhaps being figured a little too crenate in the
latter work.

It is figured in Bot. Mag. t. 7835, and also in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for
12th March, 1910.

Notes Supplementary to the Description.
It is a tree up to 50 feet in height. The bark is not described in the Flora
Australiensis.
“ Bark of stem comparatively thin, solid, outside but very slightly wrinkled,
dark coloured and marked with whitish blotches.” (Hucalyptographia).

Rodway (Tasmanian Flora) says the tree rarely exceeds 20 feet, and that
its bark is smooth.

RANGE,

It is confined to Tasmania.

It was originally found in Recherche Bay by Labillardiere, whence the type
specimens were obtained and described by the finder. This locality is in the
extreme south of Tasmania, and although Mueller (Hucalyptographi) says Robert
Brown, Hooker; Gunn, Stephens and Abbott all found it in the same locality, I
have not seen the evidence to that effect.

After Labillarditre, Gunn found it. I have a specimen labelled by him,
“ Huon Mountain, North-west River, collected 27th October, 1839.” ‘This was
before Dr. \afterwards Sir Joseph) Hooker arrived in Hobart, and Gunn probably
showed growing plants to him.

283

Then it was lost for about forty years, when it was found by Mr. Richard
Hill, in 1880, on the Huon Road, probably on the same spot where it had been
found by Gunn. Then, shortly after it was found by Mr. T. Stephens and Mr. F.
Abbott on the foot-hills of Mt. Wellington, on the Huon Road, within five miles of
Hobart. See Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., April, 1881, p.iv. Mr. Stephens raised a tree
from seeds he then collected. This was blown down by a gale in 1903, its height
being 40 feet.

It was sent to the Royal Society of Tasmania by the Rev. C. J. Brammall
from Nelson’s Tier, where he found it growing abundantly over a range of from
6 to 10 miles from Sorell

This is certainly a new locality, and he adds that he obtained a specimen at
Recherche Bay, and another from near Leslie in 1881, and, in the same year, he
and Mr. Abbott found it growing abundantly near the Huon Road, about 4 miles
from Hobart. (Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1888, xxxiii.) Leslie is a small
township, sometimes called Huon Track, North West Bay River, about 12 miles
from Hobart.

Mr. L. Rodway collected it on Mount Wellington, near Ferntree, probably
near the above locality, and pointed it out to Mr. R. H. Cambage and myself.
Mr. Rodway also found it at Longley, several miles further from Hobart. In
Mr. Rodway’s Zasmanian Flora he quotes the following localities :—‘‘ Huon
Road, Recherche, Brown Mountain, Campania, Tasman Peninsula.” His statement
that it is also found in the southern districts of New South Wales is probably based
on an erroneous statement by me,

Mr. T. Stephens informed me that 2. cordata grows in decomposed volcanic
rock (greenstone, diabase), not in recent volcanic rock (basalt).

APPA NP ee

1. With £. pulvigera, A. Cunn.
Bentham (B.F1. iii, 193) makes the following contrast :—

Leaves crenate. Calyx obtuse at the base ... &. cordata.
Leaves quite entire. Calyx taperingatthe base... 2. pulverulenta.

By £. pulverulenta, Sims, EH. pulvigera, A. Cunn., is meant, and I will refer to
the matter in Part X XI, when I deal with L. pulvigera.

2. With E. cinerea, F.v.M.
At this place, see a paper by R. T. Baker, “On Eucalyptus cordata, Labill.,

and its cognate species’? (Proc. Aust. Assocn. Adv. Science, 1x, 344), and I will
refer to the affinities with 2. cinerea, when I figure that species in Part X XI.

284.
3. With £. Risdoni, Hook., f.

“The Chief Justice remarked that one thing he found with regard to the
foliage of Hucalyptus cordata was that while in its young state it closely resembled
£. Risdoni; the latter in its more advanced state was more lanceolated, and not
glaucous as in #. cordata. (Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1888, xxxiii).

A specimen labelled ‘‘ Eucalyptus cordata”’ in Fraser’s handwriting in herb.,
* Oxon is &. Risdoni.

There is no doubt that the two species present some similarity, and it will be
convenient to turn to Part VI, where #. Risdoni is figured.

Obvious differences between the two species are the more usual bluntness of
the leaves of #. cordata; the fruits of H. cordata are usually in threes, and are
larger than those of #. Risdoni, and not sessile; the anthers of the latter are
reniform ; the leaves of #. cordata are more crenulate.

4. With E. cosmophylla, F.v.M.
“Like Z. puleerulenta (pulvigera, A. Cunn., J.H.M.) it appears to be much
more nearly allied to #. cosmuphylla.” (B.FI. iii, 224). I will deal with this when
I come to &. cusmophylia in Part XXI.

5. With F. Stuartiana, F.v.M., var. cordata, Baker and Smith. See Proc.
Aust. Assoc. Adv. Sci. ix, 348.

I will deal with this when I come to EZ. cinerea, Part XXI.

6. With &. Gunnii, Hook., f.

Mueller (Hucalyptographia) quotes Mr. F, Abbott as having stated that the
sap is sweet. In this respect it resembles 2. Gunnit.

7. With E. obliqua, L’ Hérit.

“ Oldfield expressed an opinion that this might be the young tree of H.
obliqua; the flowers, however, as well as the fruit, and especially the anthers, are
far too dissimilar to admit of the approximation of the two species without more
conclusive evidence.’ (Bentham, in B.Fl. iii, 224). I have not seen Oldfield’s
remarks; they are probably attached to a label, and I would suggest that they
were made before it was known what #. obliqua really is. (See p, 61, Part II).
Of course, £. cordata and E. obliqua have no close affinity.

285

DES CRE ARON,
CV. EF. angustissima, F.v.M,

In Fragm. Phyt. Aust. iv, 25 (Sept., 1863).

FOLLOWING js a translation of the original description : —

Shrubby, with branches soon terete, with broad-linear leaves densely dotted (italics in the original.
J.H.M.), with transparent dots, alternate, finely pointed, shortly petiolate or almost sessile, equally
coloured on both sides, shining, inconspicuously veined, with solitary, axillary, shortly pedunculate
umbels of 2 to 4 flowers on very short pedicels, with a semi-ovate or sub-conical operculum nearly half
as long again as the hemispherical non-ribbed calyx tube, with minute sub-cordate anthers, nearly
hemispherical fruits, slightly contracted at the orifice, 3 or rarely 4-celled, with short deltoid valyes, and
fertile unwinged seeds conspicuously larger than the sterile ones.

Between Point Malcolm and Point Dover. Maxwell. (Places about 150 miles apart, at the
western side of the Great Australian Bight).

Leaves coriaceous, mostly 2 to 3 inches long and 14 lines broad, with a curved or hooked point,
Peduncles nearly terete. Bud about 2 lines long. Filaments white. Fruits 1} to 2 lines long.

The species leans towards Z. gracilis and #, oleosa. It should’also be compared with Z, wncinata.

Then it was described by Bentham in B.F1. iii, 238, who supplements the
description, partly from Maxwell’s notes, as follows :—

A bushy shrub of 5 feet, flowers only seen in bud, fruit depressed-globular, about 3 lines diameter,
contracted at the orifice, the rim convex, the capsule on a level with it, the valves worn away in the
specimens seen.

In his Forest Resources of Western Australia (1882) Mueller describes it
in English, with a plate (No. 15).
It is not figured in the Hucalyptographia.

The material extant of this species is imperfect, ripe buds, flowers, and
juvenile foliage not being available, while a series of ripe fruits would be very
desirable.

A final pronouncement as to its affinities cannot yet be uttered.

I believe the anthers drawn in the plate in Mueller’s Forest Resources of .
Western Australia to be immature, while those I have figured at 8a, Plate 84,
certainly are, having been taken from an undeveloped bud.

Mueller draws attention to its possible value as an oil-yielding plant.

RANGE.

We know it at present from a limited distance along the coast-line of the
Great Australian Bight, in Western Australian territory.

Mueller, in his description, gives between Point Malcolm and Point Dover.
Bentham, quoting a label of Maxwell’s, gives ‘ Point Malcolm and eighty miles

286

away to the eastward.” Then we have “The precise geographic limit of this
Eucalypt remains as yet unknown; it belongs probably to the tertiary limestone
formation, and may thus have a very extensive range” (Mueller, Forest Resources
of Western Australia).

I have seen the following specimens :—

(1) “ Point Malcolm” (Maxwell). In immature bud. Evidently the type.

(2) “ West Australia’ (T. Drummond). The bud scarcely formed, and
assumed to be #. angustissima because of its narrow leaves.

(3) “ Israelite Bay ” (no collector). In fruit only.

(4) “Towards the Tone River” (Th. Muir, 1880). This has immature buds,
very much like that of the type, but with much broader leaves. The fruits are
conoid, different to those of the Israelite Bay specimen.

AE TNS.

I remind my readers that #. angustissima, F.v.M. is still too imperfectly
known to render dogmatic statements as to its affinities possible.

1. With £. salubris, F.v.M.

“Tt is allied in many respects to BZ. salubris, but the flower-stalks are not
dilated, while the leaves are narrower than in any other Eucalypt.’’ (Mueller,
Forest Resources of Western Australia.)

We, of course, know but little about 2. angustissima in the bush, but the
two species can hardly be confused from herbarium specimens. Both ZL. salubris
and #. angustissima have what I have termed “‘egg-in-egg-cup”’ buds, but I do not
know the similarity ‘in many respects.” The leaves and fruits sharply divide them.

2. With E. oleosa, F.v.M.

The affinity is suggested by Mueller. Attention is invited to Plates 65 and
66, Part XV of the present work. The only resemblance seems to lie in the buds,
which, although as a rule are very different to those of 2. oleosa, occasionally
present some resemblance (e.g., Plate 65, fig. 6a). 2. oleosa is exceptionally very
narrow leaved (e.g., Plate 66, fig. 2a).

8. With F. calycogona, Turez., var. gracilis (EL gracilis, F.v.M.).
This affinity is suggested by Mueller. The variety gracilis is figured at
Plate 12, Part III of the present work, but the resemblance is not close, even if —
allowance is made for the fact that in exceptional shrubs the leaves of var. gracilis
are even narrower than depicted. The buds of the latter are sub-angular and the
fruits quite different.

287

4. With EF. uncinata, Turez.

This species is only brought under review because it sometimes bears very
narrow leaves, and because Mueller suggested the comparison. Individual shrubs
with very narrow leaves are more common than would be surmised from casual
perusal of Plate 62, Part XIV of this work, which simply enumerates the various
forms without reference to the relative frequency of individuals. On the evidence
of buds, anthers, filaments and fruits the affinities of the two species are not close,
but we must ever bear in mind the paucity of material of B. angustissima.

5, With F. leptopoda, Benth.

Bentham places FL. angustissima next to #. leptopoda, Benth., which, how-
ever, includes HL. salmonophloia, F.v.M., a species carved out of it later. (See Part
XVII, p. 217).

There is certainly some resemblance in the fruits of 2. angustissima and
E. leptopoda (compare, e.g., fig. 6b, Plate 73, Part XVII of this work), but the fruits
of #. angustissima are nearly sessile, while the leaves of H. leptupoda, though narrow,
are by no means as narrow as those of #. angustissima. -

6 and 7. With E£. linearis, Dehnh., and £. amygdalina, Labill.

The typical forms of both species have linear leaves, and hence remind one of
LL. angustissima.. For £. linearis, see fig. 5, Plate 30, Part VI of this work, and for
E. amygdalina see fig. 1, Plate 29, But the leaves of both species are usually
thinner and more aromatic, while the buds, anthers and fruits are different.
Ei, linearis is a smooth-barked tree; the bark of 2. amygdalina is more or less
fibrous; both are much larger species than H#. angustissima. At the same time we
must bear in mind that we are ignorant of the size to which H#. angustissima may
attain.

8. With £. apiculata, Baker and Smith.
This is another narrow-leaved species. It is figured at 3, Plate 44, Part IX
of the present work. It differs in all essential characters from 2. angustissima.

9. With £. eneorifolia, DC.

On the label of a specimen ‘‘ Towards the Tone River, Th. Muir,” Mueller
has the note “‘ Near 2. cneorifolia of Kangaroo Island.”

This suggested resemblance or affinity occurred to me independently, but
cannot be fully discussed until we know more about B. ungustissina.

E. eneorifolia is figured on Plate 60, Part XIII of the present work, and some-
times has leaves nearly as narrow as those of 2. angustissima, while the ventral
seaming of the leaf is common to both species. The.fruits of the two species are
dissimilar, and the buds appear to be permanently different.

Mueller suggests #. angustissima as an oil-yielding species; £. cuneorifolia
is one of proved value in this respect.

17912—D

288

Explanation of Plates.
PLATE. 81.
E. goniocalyx, F.v.M.
1. Seedling leaf, Walhalla, Victoria (A. W. Howitt).
2a, 2b, 2c. Juvenile leaves, in the opposite and sessile stage ; 2d, in the opposite and sub-petiolate stage ;
2d', mature leaf (some of the leaves are 15 inches long) ; 2e, young buds, which are angled.
Note that the operculum is much shorter than the calyx-tube ; 2/, fruits, slightly angled, pedicel
long, smallish orifice, valves sunk; 2g, anthers, Mississippi Creek, near Metung, Victoria
(J.H.M.) These specimens very closely resemble those of the type. The actual type specimens
have either not been preserved, or their identity has not been preserved.
. Buds with small pointed opercula, Major’s Creek, N.S.W. (W. Bound.)
. Small fruits, Bellbird Creek, Eden-Pambula. (A. W. Howitt.)
. Still smaller fruits. Tantawanglo Mountain, near Cathcart. (J.H.M.)
Sessile fruits, Dandenong Mountain, Victoria. (J.H.M.)
. Buds with longer opercula than those of the type. Mt. Victoria, N.\S.W. (J.H.M.)
8a. Immature buds, 86, 8c, fruits more hemispherical than those of the type, and with exserted valves, a
character not found in the type. Mt. Wilson, N.S.W. (Jesse Gregson and J.H.M.)

ID TF w

E. nitens n. sp.
(var. nitens Deane and Maiden on the Plate.)
9a. Juvenile leaf ; 9b, 9c, mature leaves; 9d, 9e, young buds; 9f, fruits with slightly exserted valves ;
99, fruits. Haydon’s Bog, Delegate district, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
The toothed appearance of the leaves is referred to at p. 272. 9h, fruits, Delegate River. (W.
Baeuerlen.)
10, Buds throwing off the “umbel-’ or “ double-operculum,” Dividing Range, Glenbog, Candelo, N.S.W.
(J. Duff.)

PLATE 82.

£, elceophora, F.v.M.

la. Mature leaf; 15, immature buds ; lc, angled fruits. Macalister Range, Gippsland (Mueller), Drawn
from type specimen, herb., Melb.

2. Further developed buds. Note the comparatively small operculum and the angled calyx-tube (compare
E. goniocalyx in regard to both characters).

3a, Juvenile leaves; 34, 3c, 3d, fruits yarying in size; 3e, buds and flower; 37, anthers. Heathcote,
Macedon, Victoria (W. 8S. Brownscombe). These specimens are practically identical with those
of the type.

4, Fruits. Burrinjuck, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.) -

5. Fruits, slightly immature ; stalked. Mt. Lindsay, Nandewar Mountains, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage,
No, 2393.)

6a. Blunt buds, the short opercula with diameter exceeding that of the calyx-tube ; 65, buds with pointed
opercula ; 6c, fruits, conoid in shape, and valves slightly exsert. Mt. Macdonald, near Cowra,
N.S.W. (BR. H. Cambage.)

7. Fruits, slightly stalked, nearly hemispherical, and valves slightly exsert. Side of Tia River, below

_ Falls, New England, N.S.W. (W. Forsyth.) -

8a. Juvenile leaves ; 8b, buds; 8c, fruit. Bathurst, N.S.W. (L. Stephenson).

9. Elliptical juvenile leaf. Pambula to top of Big Jack, N.S.W. (A. W. Howitt).

10. Buds, with the angles of the calyx-tube extended into short wings. Ringwood, Victoria (R, H.
Cambage).

11. Fruits angled, slightly domed, and with valves well exserted. Maryborough, Victoria (J. Blackburne),

12. Fruits, valves well exserted. Very similar to 11. Murrurundi, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.),

13. Fruits almost conoid and valyes very exsert. Adelaide and Barossa Hills, South Australia (W, Gill).

14u. Buds, with almost pointed operculum; 148, nearly hemispherical, thin-rimmed fruits, valves exsert.
Long Gully (Cassilis township), Victoria (Harry Hopkins).

ae oo

oe Fe
Ses be

Sa tie le ia

289

15a. Buds, with strap shaped-peduncle, calyx-tube angled, operculum conoid ; 155, and 15c, coarse, angled
(bi-angled) fruits. Nundle, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.). See No. 1, Plate 83.

16. Pair of leaves of seedling raised from seed collected at Perth, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman). Note the
narrowness of the leaves. This figure is inserted as a reminder that we may have narrow
seedling leaves in a species in which the “sucker” leaves are uniformly broad. Comparison of a
seedling with a sucker must be made with the eyes of experience, and, as a general rule, it may
be said that it is safer to compare seedlings with seedlings and suckers with suckers.

PLATE 83.
E. eleophora, F.y.M.—(continued).
la. Juvenile leat, stem-clasping and bluntly acuminate ; 14, buds, winged, and with warted opevcula ;
lc, fruit winged and with valves exsert. Nundle, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.). See
also No. 15, Plate 82.
2a. Coarse buds ; 26, fruits, che largest in this species.seen by me so far. Wyangle, 12 miles N.E. of
Tumut, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage, No. 880).
3. Small sessile fruits, slightly angled. Fainting Range, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt).
4a. Buds; 45, smallish fruits, sunk rim, exserted valves. Bago Forest Reserve, Parish of Hindmarsh,
near Tumut, N.S.W. (W. U. Nowland). -
5. Small fruits. Valves slightly exsert. “ Yellow Gum,” Wingello, N.S.W. (A. Murphy).
6. Fruits larger than 5, Marulan (J. L. Boorman). Nos. 5 and 6 are from practically identical trees in
the same district.
I look upon 3-6 as showing aflinities to Z. gontocalyx, var. nitens.
7a, Buds and flower ; 76, small fruits of the type of H. goniocalyx F.v.M., var. pallens, Deane and Maiden,
Snowy River (Victoria and New South Wales) (Collector?) which I now look upon as a small
fruited form of EH. elwophora, F.v.M.
8a. Small fruits ; 84, fruits slightly domed. Mandurang, near Bendigo, Victoria, (J, Blackburne).
90. Juvenile leaves ; 96, small fruits with flat rim. Mt. Moppra (4,000 feet), Warrumbungle Ranges,
N.S.W, (W. Forsyth).
Nos. 7-9 are, like Nos, 3-6, small fruited forms of this very variable species.

E. cordata, Labill.
10a, 105. Juvenile leaves, Mt. Wellington, Tasmania (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
11. Perfoliate leaf. Mt. Wellington (R. D. Fitzgerald, in Woollsian herbarium, National Herbarium,
Sydney).
PLATE 84.
. E. cordata, Labill.
la. Twig with buds; 15, twig with fruits, Facsimile of a portion of tab. 152, Labill. P/, Nov. Holl. (the
type). The crenulation of the margin is somewhat exaggerated in Labillardiére’s figure.

2a and 2b, Juvenile leaves; 2c, twig and buds; 2d, fruits. All fragments of Labillardiére’s type,
received from Herb. Mus., Paris,

3. Twig with buds. Mt. Wellington. (R, D, Fitzgerald).

4. Stalked leaf and fruits. Note the slightly crenulate margin of the leaf (Gunn’s No. 1071).
5. Anthers. Mt, Wellington (L. Rodway).

6. Oblong leaf taken from an upper branch of a tall tree. Mt. Wellington (T. Stephens).

E. angustissima, F.v.M.
7a. Twig with buds (from specimen of co-type at Kew); 76, leaf with fruits ; 7c, anthers.
7b and 7e reproduced from Fig. 16, (Mueller’s “ Forest Resources of Western Australia”).
Point Malcolm and to the eastward, W.A, (Maxwell). (Type.)
8a. Anthers (immature) ; 84, fruits with leaf narrower than the type; 8c, end on view of fruit, Israelite
Bay, W.A. (Collector (?) Herb. Melb.).
9a. Twig with buds, Opercula conoid, 96, fruits conoid and domed. ‘Towards the Tone River, W.A.
(IT. Muir). Referred by Mueller to 2. angustissima.

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New

South Wales ’’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—

wcacivides, A. Cunn. (xlviil)
acmeniordes, Schauer (xxxii).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Basleyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi).

bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).

Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii).
capitellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
jruticetorum, F.v.M. (xhi).
gigantea, Hook. f. (li).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia, F.v.M..(vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Luehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata, Hook. (vii).

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviii).
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
ochrophloia, F.v.M. (1).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (viii).
pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).
ptperita, Sm. (xxxili).
Planchoniana, F.v.M, (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resintfera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
stderophloia, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A, Cunn. (xiii).
Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and

ether illustrations.

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer. --1913.

Pinehie

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

sprees Mg

on deLetlit

oc

EUCALYPTUS MACROCARPA, Hook. (J-8).

PL. 78

CriT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

A aise

waco

ai chaash,
;

LOS ASAIO

M.Flockron del.er Ii}

[See also Plate 77.]

E. MEGACARPA. F.v.M. (4-8).

EUCALYPTUS PREISSIANA, Scuauer (I-8).

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 79

M.Flockton delet lr

EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, Lasmt. (/-12).

E. MAIDENI, F.v.M. (18,14). [See also Plate 80.

PL 80:

CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

eae SS en ee

aia 5 meme ae
ma eg pe yt

M.Flockron del.er li

[See Plate 79. ]

~129),

M. (1

Vv

EUCALYPTUS MAIDENI, F

Ek. URNIGERA, Hook. r. (13-15).

REV. EUCALYPTUS. Procol

fo rc
ee ee

; Fea s?
Bis Kot Gt ee wes

A henteste

»Flockhton del. ef.tith

EUCALYPTUS GONIOCALYX, F.v.M.%( 1-8).

Var. nitens, DEANE aND MatnENn (9-10).

REV. EUCALYPTUS.

Ven

eS]
eer
Abe eT TEE :
>. -..
Se
3 eipeis: NA

mers a

ee
i
-FlocKfon. del.of.

[See also Plate 83. |

> ee

\

EUCALYPTUS ELAZSOPHORA, F.v.M.

)

REV, EUCALYPTUS.:

™.Flockfon. dol. ef. li

EUCALYPTUS ELA:OPHORA, F.v.M. (1-9). [See also Plate 82. |
E. CORDATA, Laz. (10-11). [See also Plate 84.]

REV, EUCALYPTUS. PL. 84.

M Flockton. doi eb lth,

EUCALYPTUS CORDATA, Lazitt (1-6). [See also Plate 83.]
E. ANGUSTISSIMA, F.v.M. (7-9).

PeeeRITICAL REVISION OF THE

SCENUS > BUG {aye ius

BY

J. H. MAIDEN

(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney),

| Vou “Farrar:
Part XX of the Complete Work.

(WITH FOUR PLATES.)

‘« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
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or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, ‘therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”

MACAULAY’s “Essay ON MILTON.”

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

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* 78991—A 1914.

02, SARE Tis

ie

CVI. Eucalyptus gigantea Hook. f.

Description
. Synonyms.
Range
Affinities

CVI. Eucalt ae longifolia | Link and Otto.
Description
Synonym
Range
Affinities

CVITT. a diversicolor ¥.v.M.

Deseription ‘ : : ‘ .

Synonym.:. : : ; : és : .
Ranges. ; : : : : : : ° .
Affinities. : . - 2 . : :

CIX. Eucalyptus ae Maiden.

Description A . . é e ° . ’ °

Affinities. : - ; ° f
Range 3 , . . : : : . ° °

CX. Eucalt ee ene) Bentham.

Description

Range
Affinities

CXI, mee Todtiana F.v.M.
Description : : . .
Range ‘ : 5 : : : ;
Affinities . : ; ; : 5 : : :

Cad: pe micranthera F.v.M.

Description
Range
Affinities

Explanation of Plates

296

298
299
300

300

301
302
303

304
304
305

306
306
307

308
308
309

310

DESCRIPTION:
CVI, FE. gigantea Hook. f.

In London Journal of Botany vi, 479 (1847).

Sex also “The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage,” Part iii, “ Flora Tasmanie,”’
i, 136 (parti), with a plate (1860).

I have copied out the original description, and also the amplified description
and the full text of Hooker’s remarks at pp. 58-9, Part II of this work, so they
need not be reproduced here. Attention may also be invited to my remarks on
EF. gigantea at p. 177, Part VI of this work.

In Part li of my ‘Forest Flora of New South Wales,” I have given
translations of the original description, and of that redeseription which Hooker
gave in Fl. Tas. i, 1386.

The Plate 191 of Part li, has been reproduced in its essential details from
Plate xxviii of Fl. Tas. Op. cié., I state that Hooker mixed two closely allied trees,
and it is better to disentangle the confusion, making it clear what refers to BE. gigantea
and what to ZH. obliqua (the species confused with it), than to perpetuate the
confusion by permitting botanists to continue to assume that one is a synonym ef
the other, and to ignore Fitch’s beautiful plate in Hooker’s work.

There is nothing new in rectifying a description; the process is well known
to European and American botanists. Coming to instances amongst Eucalypts, let
us take the case of Z. resinifera Sm. The type does not exist, and the plate quoted
in White’s “ Voyage” shows a smooth bark. The name resinifera was used most
loosely in the early days, as any student of early botanical literature knows. It was
imagined to be. the only “resin” (kino) producing species. Bentham, however,
compiled the description so as to apply to the tree known in Eastern Australia as
“Red Mahogany,” and this became the Z. resinifera Sm. accordingly of all
modern botanists. See my ‘Forest Flora of New South Wales,” vol. i, pp. G4 and
65, for some references.

Then £. piperita Sm. was looked upon as ¢he species yielding Eucalyptus
oil. As‘a matter of fact, it is a rather unsatisfactory species for oil. Smith’s
description of his species is not satisfactory (see vol. i, Part X, of the present work),
and so were his specimens; but Bentham first properly defined the species.

In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvi, 556 (1901), I have partly dealt with the
very great confusion that had gathered around JL. Stuartiana F.v.M., which
originally was the so-called Red Gum of Tasmania. In vol. ii, p. 14, I have shown
that quite a different tree to that now accepted as HY hemiphloia V.v.M., was
originally described by Mueller under that name,

In Part XIX of the present work, I have tried to clear up the confusion,
chiefly and quite pardonably, caused by Mueller in regard to his own species
Lf. eleophora and £. gonivcalyx. J could give other instances of amended
descriptions, both in EKucalypts and in other Australian plants, an important object
being not to multiply names unnecessarily.

Neither Hooker’s original description nor his amended one in Flora Tasmania
applies exclusively to #. obliqua or H. gigantea. There is more to go upon in the
Flora Tasmanie.

First we have Gunn’s specimens Nos. 1,095, 1,104, 1,106, 1,965, 1,966, which
are as follows :— :

1,905 is HL. obliqua. Some of the material under this number may be
Ep. gigantea.

1,104 is H. obliqua.

1,104 (second specimen) is 2. gigantea.

1,106 is ZL. obliqua.

1,965 is L. gigantea.

1,966 is 22. gigantea.

I have re-examined the above specimens, with some additional material ;
I had previously examined them for the present work (I, 178).

Glaucousness is by far the commoner in £&. gigantea, but it occurs also in
Ei. obliqua.

Then as to the use of the terms “Stringybark” and “ Stringybark Gum,
as applied by Hooker. ZF. gigantea is often known as Stringybark, although it is
more frequently applied to FZ. obliqua. Indeed, perhaps the commonest name for
the former is “ Gum-topped Stringybark,” the branches being more or less smooth.
The two trees often carry the same vernaculars, especially when not fully grown,

Undoubtedly the two species are closely allied. Some years ago I made
E. gigantea H. obliqua var. alpina, and there is much to be said in favour of that
view. According to the opinions of various people as to what amount of difference
constitutes a species as distinct from a variety, so one may look upon it as a variety
of #, obliqua, and another as a distinct species. I think it is better to look upon this
tree as a distinct species, but I came to that conclusion very gradually. I have
specimens which most closely connect the two species, whose affinities are not so
obvious from typical forms.

EL. gigantea generally succeeds J. obliqua in alpine situations; its bark is
whiter, more matted (Box-like)—that is to say, less fibrous—while the branches are
smoother and more glaucous, the opercula less pointed, the fruits more pear-shaped,

and the foliage more succulent and more pleasantly aromatic.

293

E. gigantea was subsequently described by Mueller in Fragm. ii, 44, and at
p- 45 its supposed differences from #. obliqua L’Hérit. were stated. LY. obliqua
was then not known to him, and he followed Hooker in confusing the two species.

Mr. Harry Hopkins has favoured me with the following notes in regard to
the bark :—

E. gigantea has tall clean tapering trunks, the bark on the lower half of stem very thick and
woolly, like stringybark. This ceases abruptly at about half the height of the stem or barrel, no matter
what height the tree or length of stem may be. Above this the bark is quite clean, very thin, only about
half an inch thick, of a pale bluish grey or whitish colour, the old bark peeling off in long thin strips,
which do not generally hang loosely about the stem and branches, as is the case with #. regnans.

SYNONYMS.

It has long been confused with E£. obliqua L’Hérit., as already explained, and
also to a less extent with FE. hemastoma Sm.

E. delegatensis R. T. Baker, and E£. obliqua L’Hérit. var. alpina Maiden,
are also synonyms.

RANGE.

It is a species of cold localities, having only been found in the higher
elevations of Tasmania, Victoria, and southern New South Wales.

Following are some of the localities represented in the National Herbarium,
Sydney.
TASMANIA.
* Gum-topped Stringybark,” Lake Sorell (‘T. Stephens).

Mount Wellington (Gunn, Nos. 1,965, 1,966). I have another 1,963 Gunn
which is from Arthur’s Lakes, and the original of Hooker’s figure in Fl. Tas.
Arthur’s Lakes (Gunn, No. 1,10), paréim).

Marlborough (in Gunn’s Herbarium, but collected by J. D. Hooker), Marl-
borough is Upper Derwent, near Lake St, Clair.

*Gum-topped Stringybark,” East Mount Field.

Guildford Junction, 2,000 feet, basalt formation. Logally known as “ Stringy-
bark.” Bark fibrous, not a true Stringybark; branches usually smooth, Trees up
to 150 feet, (R. IL, Cambage.)

Parattah and Russell Falls River (T, Stephens),

204
VICTORIA.

Great Divide (western side), Dargo High Plains, Snowy Plains, Twelve Mile
Creek (A. W. Howitt); ‘“‘ Messmate,’ Mount Mueller, near Mount Baw Baw (James
Melvin); Mount St. Bernard (J.H.M.).

Tops of Mounts Arnold and Strickland, at an elevation of from 2,400 to 4,000
feet. The smallest branches very tough. (W. Inglis, through J. Blackburne.)

“ Woolly-butt.” On the mountain slopes of the Main Dividing Range from Dargo to Mt. Delegate,
between 3,000 and 4,500 feet above sea level. Appears to be strictly confined to that zone. A medium-
sized, sometimes large tree, 200-300 feet high, up to 6 feet in diameter. Tall, clean, straight, slightly
tapering stem. Bark on lower half of stem very thick and woolly, like stringybark. This ceases
abruptly at about half the height of the stem or barrel, no matter what height the tree or length of stem
may be, and above this the bark is quite clean, very thin} only about half an inch thick, of a pale bluish
grey colour, or whitish, the old bark pecling off in long, thin strips, which do not generally hang loosely
about the stem and branches, as is the case with the Gippsland Blackbutt (2. regnans var. fastigata).
The trees are remarkably sound at heart, even the largest trees rarely showing any sign of pipe or heart
decay. The wood is remarkably light, easy to work, and very suitable for joiners’ work.” (H. Hopkins.)

New Sourn WALES.

- Delegate Mountain and Snowy Mountains, 4,000-5,000 feet, on dry ridges
(W. Baeuerlen) ; Eucumbene, near Kiandra, Yarrangobilly Caves (A. W. Howitt) ;
Laurel Hill, Tumberumba (R. H. Cambage); Mount Kosciusko (J.H.M.) ;
Tumberumba (A. Murphy).

AEPINET TES:

L. With E. obliqua L’ Heérit.

This is the species that H. gigantea will be confused with by most people in
the future as it has been in the past, but as I have already dealt with the matter
pretty fully, it seems not necessary to go over the ground again at this place.

295

DESCRIPTION.
CVII. Eucalyptus longifolia Link and Otto.

Ir was originally described in Enum. Hort. Berol, ii, 29 (1822).

This short description is in Latin, and will be found in my “ Forest Flora
of New South Wales,” vol. i, p. 33. An excellent plate was published by Link
and Otto in Icones Pl. Sel. 97, t. 45 (1516).

Then Bentham (B.Fl. iii, 226) published a description in English, and Mueller
described and figured it in his “ Eucalyptographia.” A plate and a full account of
this tree will be found in my work quoted above.

SYNONYM.

E. Woollsii F.v.M. (Fragm. ii, 50).

RANGE.

The type probably came from Port Jackson, and the species has not hitherto
been recorded much north of it, the Hunter River district (Raymond Terrace) being
the furthest recorded in that direction. Going west we have it from the foot of
the Blue Mountains, while southerly it keeps to the coastal strip and occurs in
Eastern Victoria. Following are some specific localities,

VICTORIA.
Sealers’ Cove (A. W. Howitt and J. L. King); East Gippsland, without more
definite locality (C. Walter).

New Sourn WALES.

Eden (A. W. Howitt, J.1.M.). 8. Mossman (after whom Mosman’s Bay
Sydney, was named), No. 269, collected at Twofold Bay for the Paris Exhibition
of 1855, is this species; Merimbula (A. W. Howitt); Wolumla (B. Francis) ;
Bateman’s Bay (fH. Deane, J. V. de Coque) ; “ Woolly Butt,” ‘ Redwood,” ‘* Pepper-
mint,” Ulladulla (J. 8. Allan); Narrawallie Creek, Milton, scarce (It. H. Cambage) ;
Nowra (J.H.M.); Appin (I. Deane, J.H,M.). is jg ete a peg

B

296

Wyece (A. Murphy) ; near Raymond Terrace (A. Rudder), which is the most
northerly locality known to me.

Mt. Pleasant, Penrith (J. L. Boorman). The most westerly locality known
to me.

Hybridism. In vol. ii, p. 186, of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” I
have drawn attention to a probable hybrid between this species and Z. robusta Sm.,
from Erina Creek, near Gosford. I will figure this interesting form when I deal
with hybridism in the genus.

AFFINITIES.

Bentham (B.FI. iii, 194) associates it most closely with 27. pyriformis Turez.,
Lf. conoidea Benth. (£. erythronema Turez.), 2. urnigera Ilook., 2. cesia Benth.
on an anthereal basis as usual: Mueller mentions the following four species:—
EE. leucoxylon, F.v.M., ZL. cesia Benth., EL. erythronema Turez., and EL. cosmophylla,
F.v.M.

In its anthers it is very close to ZL. urnigera Hook. f., EL. cordata Labill.,
EF. globulus Labill., and #. megacarpa F.v.M., some of which have been dealt
with in Part XVIII.

1. With £. globulus Labill.

It certainly has a strong affinity with the Z. globulus group, but the timber
of #. globulus is pale coloured. Like some other species, it may not be possible to
place it next to one species without qualification, and in the grouping and
** genealogical ” tree I shall submit later, it will probably be found that the intensity
of the affinity of some species to others can only be assessed on points based on
examination of all known characters.

2. With EF. Planchoniana F.v.M.

E. longifolia can readily be determined from its fruit, which is usually in
threes. It has the largest fruit of any of the Eastern Australian species, except
E. Planchonina ¥.y.M., whose fruits are not only large, but they are ribbed. The
shape of the fruit in Z. longifolia is characteristic; the size and the sculpture of the
rim yary somewhat, F

The two timbers are different, that of EZ, longifolia being red, and 2,
Planchoniana pale coloured,

297
3. With £. robusta Sm.

: These two species have undoubted affinities; they have both red timbers, the
anthers are not very dissimilar, and the fruits have somewhat the same shape, but
the rim is very different, as is the texture and venation of the leaves.

4. With E£. leucoxylon F.v.M.

This is also a large fruited species, and fig. 12e, Plate 56, of this work may
be referred to. The anthers are different, and the trees are not closely allied.

5. With £. urnigera Hook. f.

Its anther resembles that of 2. urnigera very closely, but the affinities of the
two species would not appear to be great (see Plate 80).

298

DESC KILPEION.

CVI. &E. diversicolor ¥.v.M.
In Fragm. iii, 131 (1863).

Ir was then described in English in B.F. iii, 251, and again described and figured in
the “ Eucalyptographia.” Mueller reproduced his own figure, and redescribed the
species more briefly in his “ Forest Resources of Western Australia” (1882). The
fruits are depicted too conoid.

After seeing much growing Karri, I have elsewhere suggested that it
corresponds in habitat, in general appearance, both of tree and timber, to the Blue
Gum (£. saligna Sm.) of Eastern Australia.

The outline of the juvenile leaf is shown in the “ Eucalyptographia ” Plate,
while the venation is shown on fig. 7a of Plate $6 of the present work. The young
foliage is very thin in texture, with pale undersides. Mucller (‘Eucalyptographia’’)
speaks of this tree in superlative terms. He says:

One of the grandest trees of the globe and one of the greatest works in the whole creation of plants.
Astounding records of the height of this giant tree have been given. Messrs. Muir saw trees with stems

about 300 feet long up to the first branch, and I myself noticed many trees which approached to 400 feet
in their total height.

One is reminded of the quoted heights of the Victorian Mountain Ash,
E. regnans, only a few miles from Melbourne, which shrank from 525 to 326 feet on
investigation. See p. 188, vol. i, of the present work, and p. 161, vol. ii, of ray
“Forest Flora of New South Wales,” where the general question of the heights of
Australian and American trees is reviewed. The fact is that the estimated height
of a very high tree is valueless as a specific record. No estimates are worth anything
unless they are backed by the observations of a surveyor or other competent person.
In many forests it is exceedingly difficult to take observations, and a perfectly honest
man may be very easily mistaken.

But this can be certainly stated, that the Karri does attain a huge size. I
have wandered in Karri forests and individual trees are stupendous, but I would not

like to quote their size in figures, since I had no means of measurement or comparison
with me.

299

In my review of the heights of Australia’s tallest trees, already referred to,
the following passage occurs :—

Turning to’ Western Australia, Mueller, in “Seemann’s Journal of Botany,” states that Mr.
Pemberton Walcott measured a Karri (Hucalyptus diversicolor) in one of the delightful glens of the
Warren River, “ where it rises to approximately 400 feet.”

On another occasion ‘‘ Messrs. Muir saw trees with stems 500 feet long up to the first branch, and
I myself noticed many trees which approached to 440 feet in their total height. When closely growing the
young trees may have a comparatively slender trunk, so much so that a tree 180 feet high may show a
stem hardly over a foot in diameter.”

These figures require verification.

The Karri tree has a red timber, and undoubtedly resembles Jarrah (Z,
marginata) a good deal. All people agree as to their external similarity, and many
people have their own methods of distinguishing them. In the forest or in the log,
the differences of habitat and appearance are obvious enough, but they closely
resemble each other as sawn stuff. A good test is by burning, when Karri burns to
a white ash, while Jarrah leaves a black charcoal.

It is not within the scope of this work to offer a pronouncement in regard to
the Karri-Jarrah question. An official Western Australian statement is—

“ Karri” (Lucalyptus diversicolor).—Height of average tree about 150 feet, running to 6 feet in
diameter at breast high. The timber is heavy, dense, tough, elastic, and closely resembles Jarrah in
Railway car and waggon

appearance, weighing about 63 lb. per cubic foot when seasoned. Economic uses
frames and bodies, bridge timbers, flooring, p'anking, telegraph pole arms, felloes, shafts, woodblocking.
, g ) & P 8 s ) ’ s

“ Jarrah” (Eucalyptus marginata).—A tree averaging 90 to 10) feet in height, and from 2 to 3 feet
in diameter at the base. The wood is very hard and dense, weighing about 60 Ib, per cubic foot when
seasoned. Economic uses—Railway sleepers, jetties, bridges, marine and engineering works of all kinds,
building construction, flooring, woodblocking, boat-building, fencing, furniture, Ke.

The consensus of Western Australian opinion seems to be that the use of
Karri in engineering works is for superstructure only. Undoubtedly it is a valuable
timber in the directions indicated in the statement just quoted.

SYNONYM.

E. colossea F.v.M.

‘

In Fragm. vii, 42, the seedlings are described, but 1 cannot find that a
formal description of the species was published.
In “ Eucalyptographia,” under 2. diversicolor, occurs the passage—

“, . , , , led to the belief that the gigantic Karri was specifically different, and hence it became

temporarily distinguished as Z. colossea, under which very impressive designation it chiefly still passes in
the countries around the Mediterranean Sea.”

Under this name EZ. diversicolor F.v.M. has been distributed to various
herbaria.

300
RANGE.

It is confined to south Western Australia, and it has been stated to cover
2,300 square miles of country. In the original description Mueller (quoting
Augustus Oldfield) speaks of it occurring in low-lying places, where it is known as
* Blue Gum.” This term is not inappropriate, as generally applied in Australia, but
at least another species goes by this name in south West Australia, and in course of
time the native name ‘ Karri” (now exclusively used) became applied to it.
Mueller, in the “‘ Eucalyptographia,” states its range in the following words :—

Tn the moist hilly or mountainous country at and near the Frankland and Walpole Rivers, the
Shannon, Warren and Dunolly Rivers, more particularly towards the coast, extending about 30 miles or
less inland, reaching the country near the entrance of the Blackwood River (J. Forrest), constituting the
Karri-forests, occurring sparingly also at the Porongerup and Torbay (F.v.M.), and around Mount
Manypeak (Maxwell). :

Bentham records that it was collected by Robert Brown (I have seen a
specimen labelled 4,769, King George’s Sound), and Mueller says that it is
Drummond’s Nos. 39 and 59.

I found it abundant in the Marg iret River district.

AFFINITIES.

1. With E. Guilfoylei Maiden.

Its closest affinity appears to be with 2. Guilfoylei Maiden, and I will refer
to the matter when dealing with that species.

2. With £. drepanophylla F.v.M.

The silky sheen of the leaves sometimes seen in this species is also observable
in those of H. diversicolor, and a fine venation is common to both. Sometimes
both species have clavate buds; but the two species have no close affinity,
Li. drepanophylia being an Tronbark.

301

DESCRIPTION.
CIX. E. Guilfoylet Maiden.

In Journal of the Western Australian Natural History Society, vol. iii (January,
1911).
Following is the original description :—

Arbor altus, cortice fibrosa, ligno pallido et fissile.

Foliis juvenibus tenuis, glabris, pallidioribus inferiore latere, petiolatis, venis, lateralibus tere
parallelis et tenuisissimis.

Foliis maturis coriaceis, lato lanceolatis venis lateralibus tenuibus.

Pendunculis angularibus gemmis operculis fere hemisphericis Flores non vidi.

Fructibus truncatis similibus piro formatis, aperte angularibus, vix 1 em longis et aliquanto minis
maximo diametro. Margine depresso, apicibus valvularum omnino in orificio,

A tall tree, with fibrous or stringy bark to within a few feet of the branches ; timber pale-coloured
and fissile.

Seedlings.—Hypocotyl tapering very gradually into the root, crimson, like the petioles of the
cotyledonary leaves, and of the young axis and petioles, the cotyledonary leaves nearly reniform in shape
and crimson underneath. ‘The young leaves petiolate from their earliest stages, elliptical, tapering
slightly into the petiole and into a terminal point, venation looped.

Juvenile Leayes.—Thin, glabrous, paler on the lower side, petiolate, ovate-acuminate, about
twice as long as broad (say, 4 by 2 inches), midrib prominent, distinctly raised on the lower surface and
exhibiting a slight channelling on the upper; lateral veins nearly parallel, making an angle of about
130 degrees with the midrib, very fine, intramarginal vein not conspicuous and not far removed from
the leaf-margin,

Mature Leaves.—Coriaccous, equally green on both sides, drying pale, nearly symmetrical,
broadly lanceolate, up to 6 inches long, and more commonly a quarter of that wide in the widest part,
with a distinct midrib and abundant fine lateral parallel veins, making about an angle of 30 degrces
with the midrib, scarcely visible in mature leaves, circumferential vein marginal or very close to it,
oil-dots fine, the leaves not rich in oil.

Buds and Flowers.—A profuse flowerer. Inflorescence a compound panicle, peduncles very
angular. Buds in umbels up to 7 in., the head on a long flat peduncle, the buds nearly sessile, the
angular calyces tapering into the very short pedicels. Operculum nearly hemispherical and Jess than
half the length of the calyx.

Fruits.—Truncate pear-shaped, with a marked angle and frequently a second one diametrically
opposite to it. Barely 1 cm. long, and slightly less in greatest diameter. Rim sunk, three to four valved,
with the points of the valves completely sunk within the orifice or approaching the same; not seen
protruding.

In honour of William Robert Guilfoyle, late Director of the Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, who,
when in office, actively promoted the cultivation of the especially beautiful flora of Western Australia,

The following information has become available since publication of the
original description :—

Authers.—-Z. Guilfoylet; Anthers kidney-shaped, The two cells diverging
widely from each other, cpening in horizontal wavy elile alony the base of each
cell, Vilament at base, small gland at the top, a little in front, not versatile. The
anther seems unique, so far as [ know at present,

302

E. diversicolor: Auther opening in vertical parallel slits, and separating a
little at the tips, an immense gland covering the top and seen on both sides of the
anther; versatile.

Anther affinities —Z. megacarpa, globulus, and goniantha, with rather smaller
slits.

This is known as the “ Yellow Tingle Tingle.”

(a se 4
AF EFINITTES:
1. With £. diversicolor F.v.M.
The affinities of the two species, as far as herbarium specimens are concerned,

are very close. The bark of Z. diversicolor is smooth and the timber red; these
two characters sharply differentiate the two trees in the bush.

The seedlings of the two species are very similar.
The juvenile foliage (suckers) of Z. diversicolor appears to be more orbicular.
The mature foliage of the two species is very similar.

The buds of #. diversicolor are less angular, and the operculum is usually
more conical. The comparison of anthers has just been given.

The fruits of #. diversicolor are less pear-shaped, there being a sharp
accentuation between the fruit proper and the distinct pedicel. When unripe,
there is a distinct rim and a tendency to be urceolate, which I have not noticed
in ZL. Guilfoylei.

2. With E. patens Benth.

The affinities of these two species are close, so far as herbarium specimens
are concerned.

The juvenile foliage of HB. patens has the marginal rim further removed
from the edge and the lateral veins more prominent and logped. The juvenile
leaves of 7. patens are sessile and even stem-clasping. Those of Z. Guilfoylet
have a fairly long petiole, and the lamina tapers towards the petiole.

The mature foliage is not very dissimilar at first sight. The venation of
E. patens is more spreading (?), the buds less angular, the opercula more pointed,
and the fruits larger, more spheroidal, not angled, anil sharply accentuated from
the short pedicels.

The bark of 2. patens is softer and less fibrous, and the timber appears to be
paler, softer, less fissile, and heavier. The bark of Blackbutt (1. patens) may be
described as follows :— ;

Rough bark all over stem and branches, soft, thick, greyish black, much
resembling that known as Woolly-butt in the Eastern States.

303

RANGE.

LE. Guilfoylei is locally called “Yellow Tingle Tingle.’ It occurs on the edges
of Karri (2. diversicolor) forests, between the Denmark River and the Leeuwin, in
deep gullies. The local timber-getters look upon it as a hybrid (‘‘ bastard” in
ordinary Australian timber parlance).

Type —Denmark, Western Australia. A. Murphy, March, 1905.

FE. Guilfoylei has been described as resembling the Jarrah in general
appearance, but the bark of the Jarrah is less rough.

This tree (Yellow Tingle Tingle) is in appearance very like the White Mahogany (£. acmenioides
Schauer.—J.H.M) of New South Wales. The tree is sometimes about 4 feet in diameter, the average is
2 to 3 feet, the height over 100 feet. The timber is good and durable, splits well, is used for
palings and fencing, is sawn up for house-building purposes, and should make good railway sleepers. It
grows in rich red loamy soil in the Karri hills, where it is fairly plentiful, at Denmark, Western
Australia. It is entirely a different tree from the Karri, (Andrew Murphy and Louis Dillon.)

Mr. Andrew Murphy, of Woy Woy, New South Wales, first drew my
attention to this tree in 1905, he having received seed from Western Australia. —

When recently in Western Australia, I found the tree not in flower, and
appealed to the Surveyor-General (Mr. Harry F. Johnston) for information. He
gave me a copy of the following report by Mr. H. 8. Brockman, Inspecting Ranger,
to the Inspector-General of Forests :— are;

There is another tree growing in the vicinity of Denmark, which is locally known by the same
name, and in general appearance is identical to the Frankland River timber, but on examination I found
the colour and texture of the wood quite different, the Denmark timber being quite a yellow or
‘“ Boxwood” colour.

304

DESCRIPTION.

CX. £E. patens Bentham.

In Flora Australiensis iii, 247 (1866).

Ir was subsequently described and figured in “ Eucalyptographia.” It is a large
tree, grows in damp land, and has rough bark al! over the trunk and branches.
Said bark is soft rather than hard, thick, greyish black. In Western Australia
such a bark is called ‘* Blackbutt.” In the Eastern States it would be called
** Woolly-butt.’”” The tree reminded me somewhat of Jarrah in general appearance,
but Jarrah bark is less rough.

: The juvenile leaves opposite or ternate from broad to narrow-ovate, large,
strictly sessile, cordate, and the broader ones auriculate, mostly abruptly drawn at
the top into a narrow point, often } of an inch long, the thickened margins indis-
tinctly and irregularly crenulate. They have not been previously described, and
were sent by Mr. Max Koch from the Preston Valley. (Maiden in Journ. W.A,
Nat, Hist. Soc. iii, 1911.)

RANGE.

It is a common species in south Western Australia. Bentham originally
quoted Harvey River, Oldfield, Tone River and granite rocks near Cape Arid,
Maxwell (apparently the most eastern locality so far), and also quoted Drummond's
4th Collection No. 72.

Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia”’) adds “in damp valleys of the Upper Swan
River and on slopes of fertile ridges on the Blackwood River.” It is not referred to
in his “ Forest Resources of Western Australia” (1882).

It is the common “ Blackbutt” of south Western Australia. In my trip
it first appeared at about 5 miles out from Yallingup, going to the Margaret River.
On the eastern (W.A.) gold-fields, however, the term “ Blackbutt” is applied to
several other species.

It is represented by the following specimens in the National Herbarium,
Sydney.

305

Drummond’s No. 72. Wooroloo (Max Koch, No. 1,419). Tree 15-20 metres
high, bark ashy grey. Swan River, Darling Range (L. Diels’ No. 1,439). Tree 40
feet or more, rough grey bark on trunk. Swamp, Talbot district, 12 miles south-
west of York (L. O. & O. H. Sargent, Nos. 736 and 736a). Jarrahwood (Forest Ranger
Wm. Donovan), Blackwood district (Diels’ No. 2,535) 6 miles from Busselton (Perey
Murphy). Preston Valley (M. Koch). Up to 80 feet, glaucous foliage. With Z.
cornuta, Kent River, near. Lake Muir (L. Diels’ No. 2,632). Shrub 2 metres high.
King George’s Sound (L. Diels’ No. 2,271).

Preiss’ No. 252. See Plante Preissiane i, 1380, under #. rudis, Endl.«
Specimens in immature fruit in Herb. Barbey Boissicr are labelled “ #. rudis Endl.
(Preiss No. 252).”

It is probable that these specimens are referred to in the following passage
in B.FIL. ili, 247, under ZL. rudis, “and in Preiss’s collection in fruit distributed with
the flowering specimens of J. rudis but apparently not seen by Schauer.”

Under Z. rudis Bentham (B.FI. iii, 245) quotes Preiss’ No. 252 and adds
“ T have not seen Huegel’s specimens, but quote them on Schauer’s authority, who
has compared them. The fruiting specimens distributed by Preiss (not described by
Schauer) belong to L. pafens, which has much resemblance with Z. rudis in foliage,
but differs in inflorescence. flowers, and fruit.”

I believe these to be likewise Z. patens. In other words, immature fruiting
specimens of Z. patens were mixed up and distributed with Z. rudis (Preiss’ No.
252).

AFFINITIES.

1. With £. diversicolor F.v.M.
This has already been dealt with, ante, p. 302.

2. With E. Todtiana F.v.M.
Its closest affinity appears to be with this species, and I will deal with it
when I come to #. Todtiana.

596

DESCRIPTION.
CXL. E. Todtiana F.v.M.

In Wing’s Southern Science Record, Melbourne, for August, 1882, Vol. ii, p. 171.

As this work is now scarce, I give the text of the original description :—

Arborescent, but not tall; leaves rather small, rigid, narrow-lanceolar, slightly curved, almost
equilateral, shining on both sides, scarcely paler beneath ; veins pinnately spreading, much immersed, the
circumferential vein only slightly removed from the edge ; oil-pores concealed ; flower stalks axillary, rather
long not much compressed, bearing from four to seven flowers ; stalklets none or exceedingly short ; calyces
longitudinally streaked ; their tube semiovate, attenuated at the base, somewhat longer than the hemi-
spheric lid ; stamens all fertile, with exception of some of the outermost inflexed before expansion ; anthers
nearly heart. shaped, anterioriorly dehiscent with longitudinal upward contluent glits; s¢zgma not dilated ;
fruits rather large, nearly globular or truncate-ovate, their margin thin ; valves three, enclosed, very short ;
sterile seeds mostly broad; fertile seeds expanding laterally into a transparent membrane. Near the
Greenough and Arrowsmith Rivers on sandy ridges, F.v.M., near the Moore River, J. Forrest. Allied as
well to Z. buprestiwm as to EZ. patens. Named in honour of Mr, Emil Todt, through whose artistic talent
numerous species became illustrated for the “ Atlas of Eucalypts.” [Generally known as “ Eucalypto-
graphia,” —J.H.M.]

Mueller subsequently figured it and gave additional notes, in his ‘* Eucalypto-
graphia.”

Mueller spoke of it as a small tree, but in the districts north of Perth it
evidently does not attain its full development. It is, however, a species with a
trunk 3 feet in diameter at South Perth. It has narrow juvenile leaves. The
branches are very brittle. It is not a commercially valuable timber tree, having a
short trunk, with rather brittle, non-durable timber.

RANGE.

It is confined to Western Australia. Mueller gives the localities ‘‘ Near the
Greenough and Arrowsmith Rivers, on sandy ridges (Mueller); in the vicinity
of the Moore River (J. Forrest).’”’ The Greenough flows into the ocean near
Geraldton, while the Arrowsmith is a few miles further south. ‘The Moore River
is about 50 miles north of Perth. It was not known to Mueller that it grows in
the vicinity of Perth, where it attains a much larger size than he was aware of.

Following are some specimens in the Natidnal Herbarium, Sydney :—
South Perth (J.H.M.) ; North Perth (Dr. J. B. Cleland); Bayswater, Lower Swan
River (A. Morrison); Guildford (R. Helms); Swan River, Diels’ No. 2,720;
10 metres (33 feet) high, with rough bark and pendulous foliage, Swan River, near
Cullala (Dr. L. Diels’ No. 2,423). Cullala is between the Swan and Moore Rivers.
Diels and Pritzel also saw it between the Moore River and Dandaragan ;
Arborescent, 40-50 feet, bark and appearance of H. patens, Moore River, near
Mogumber (W, V. Fitzgerald).

307

AFFINITIES.

Mueller, in the original description, and later on in ‘ Eucalyptographia,”
points to 1. Luprestium F.v.M., and #. patens Benth.

1. With F. buprestium F.v.M.

From which it chiefly differs in thicker and smaller leaves, with the peripheric vein nearer to
the margin, in thicker flower-stalks, in fewer flowers together but of larger size, and not placed on thin
stalklets, in proportionately longer lid, in anthers not broader than long, with more extended but far less
divergent slits, in the ampler orifice of the fruit, with thinner edge and higher inserted as also broader
Valves, and in the fertile seeds expanding into a broader and paler membrane. (‘‘ Eucalyptograpbia,”
under #. Vodtiana.)

The fruits of the two species are usually so different that it is impossible to
confuse them, but with the large spherical fruits (1-l} inch in diameter) there are
occasionally a few hypertrophied ones, which display, considerable resemblance to
those of 7. Todtiana F.v.M.

E.. buprestium is a slender, tall, Mallee-like shrub, with smooth stems;
H. Todtiana is a gnarled ‘tree, with rough bark.

2. With F. patens Benth.

The differences of HL. patens consist in that species having thinner leaves,
shorter flower stalks, nar-ower anthers, and smaller fruits; besides, it attains as a
tree to much greater dimensions. (‘ Eucalyptographia.’’)

They both have pale timbers, and their fibrous barks are a good deal similar ;
E. Todtiana is more spreading in habit, while 2. patens has a long trunk.
FE. Todtiana may have a trunk diameter of 2 feet and more, which is much larger
than Mueller was aware of; at the same time, there is no record that #. Todtiana
attains the size that H. patens does. Further investigations in the field are
required as regards H. Todtiana.

2. With F. marginata Sm.

The similarity of these two species as regards herbarium material, has been
overlooked, and it is considerable. ‘The juvenile leaves appear to be uniformly
narrower in H, Todliana. The opercula are longer and narrower in 4. marginata,
and the anthers are renantheroid. The affinity of 2. marginata and LF. Todtiana
is obvious on other grounds.

The fruits of 2. marginala are usually smaller and more ovoid, but
exceptionally they may be almost as spherical as those of &. Todtiana, and
even larger than I have ever seen those of H. Todtianu (e.g., my var. Staerit of
E. marginata, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., vol. xlvii, 1918).

The leayes of Z. marginata and FE. Todtiana are often strikingly alike, both
in texture and venation. he timber of Z. marginata (Jarrah) is, of course, red,
while that of #. Todtiana is pale coloured.

308

DESCRIPTION.
CX, FE. micranthera F.v.M.

In Bentham’s Flora Australiensis iti, 218 (1866).

Onty one indubitable specimen being known, and that only in bud and flower (see
Plate 88), I take the unusual course of recopying a Flora Australiensis description,
as I desire to give every facility to my readers to be on the lookout for additional
material.

A shrub of 6 to 10 feet, with a smooth bark (Maxwell). Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or
almost obtuse, 2 to nearly 4 inches long, very thick and smooth so as wholly to conceal the veins.
Peduncles very short, often flattened, with three to six flowers like those of 2. wncinata or ZL. olcosa,
bat larger. Calyx-tubo turbinate, 2 to newly 3 lines long, tapering into a very short thick pedicel or almost
sessile. Operculum very obtuse and shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens inflected sometimes almost as
acutely so as in Z. corynocalyx and L. wncinata, but the filaments not so fine and the anthers very minute,
with parallel contiguous cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit globose-truncate 4 to 5 lines diameter,
somewhat contracted at the orifice, the rim broad, flat or slightly concave, the capsule very slightly sunk,
(B.FI. iii, 218.)

The remarkable and apparently unique anther may be described as follows :—
Small anther, globular in shape, opening in lateral pores, gland on the top.
Filament broad and angular, slightly ribbed transversely, half as wide as the anther.

RANGE.

It is confined, so far as is known at present, to Western Australia. Bentham
quotes Sandy hummocks, from Israelite Bay to Eyres’ Relief, Maxwell, these being
localities on the south coast towards South Australia.

Following is a copy of the label in Maxwell’s handwriting “ White sand
patch, 25 (miles sic) from the cliffs. Shrubs, bark smooth.”

There is a specimen of ‘‘a white Gum, sandy scrub land, Serpentine River,
W.A.,” in the Melbourne Herbarium, which was referred to this species by Mueller
himself, but I think it differs from the south coast specimens. The Serpentine
River is a few miles south of Perth.

309

AE NITES

1. With FE. uncinata Turez.

Bentham says:

« Possibly a form of H. uncinata, but both the operculum and stamens appear
different’ (B.FI. ili, 218).

Mueller subsequently writes :—

The differences of HB. micranthera (from EZ. wncinata) are less obvious (than LZ. corynocalyx F.v.M.,
and E, decurva F.v.M.—J.H.M.), consisting in somewhat larger undotted leaves, with the circumferential
vein distant from the edge, lid shorter than the tube of the calyx, which latter is also proportionately broader,
in thicker filaments, the openings of the anthers extending further downward, stout style and somewhat
larger fruit (the size of the fruit can only be guessed at by analogy ; it has never been collected nor
described,—J.H.M.); the filaments are in a similar way very straight except the single curvature about their
middle. (‘“ Eucalyptographia,” under 2. wncinata.)

The superficial resemblance to normal #. wneinata is not close, since the
latter is a slenderer plant, but probably Bentham had in his mind such a form as is
depicted at fig. 15, Plate 62,a form supposed to be his var. major, The resemblance
is certainly strong, but the anthers are different and the serrulate filament of

#. micranthera is not present.

2. With E. decipiens.
Bentham (B.FI. iii, 193) contrasts these two species thus :—

Operculum obtuse, shorter than the calyx-tube. . . . 2. micranthera.
Operculum acuminate, longer than the calyx-tube. . . . & decipiens.

Then Mueller says :—

“ B. micranthera, which is closely connected with the arboreous and soft-
barked Z. decipiens” . . . ( Eucalyptographia” under Z, incrassata.)

It would not have oceurred to me to make the comparison. A good many
figures of E. decipiens will be found on Plate 63. 2, decipiens may attain a
considerable size. One must defer further consideration of the supposed affinity
until we get complete material of W. micranthera.

3. With EF. incrassata Labill.

E. micranthera . . . . differs from the genuine Z. inerassala,
particularly in its very short and almost heart-shaped anthers, but in other respects
comes near to the variety so long separated as 1. dumosa (‘ Fucalyptographia”
under ZH. incrassata). ;

In Part IV of this work (Plate 13, &c.) will be seen figures of Z. inerassata,
and in Piate 16 figures of J. incrassata var. dumosa. The general resemblance is
undoubtedly present, but the corrugated opereula of var, duinosa is absent and the
general shape of the buds of Z. inerassata is different; the anthers and filaments
are very different.

310

4. With EF. Oldfieldii F.v.M.

There is an imperfect specimen in the Melbourae Herbarium labelled

“A white Gum, sandy scrub land, Serpentine River, W.A.” Herb. Melbourne
(Luc. micranuthera F.v.M.).”

This specimen seems to me probably a narrow-leaved form of &. Oldfieldii.

The affinity of 2. Oldfieldii to L. micranthera is not close. See Plates 73 and 74.

la.

SEAS SES

Explanation of Plates (85-88).
PLATE 85.

E. gigantea Hook. f.
Twig in bud and flower; 2, twig in fruit, being portions of the figure of the type as depicted in
Plate 28, Vol. i of Hooker’s Flora Tasmanic.
Anthers from a Tasmanian specimen. (W. H. Archer.)
Fruits. Parattah, Tasmania. (T. Stephens.)
Vertical half of a juvenile leaf. Mt. St. Bernard, Victoria. (J.H.M.)

PLATE 8&6.
E. longifolia Link & Otto.

Leaf (the broadest in the original); 1b, portion of twig, showing leaf, flowers in threes, with very
long operculum. Reproduced from the figure of the type, Tab. 45 of Link & Otto’s cones
Plantarum Selectarum. (1820-8.)

. Small buds; 26, larger buds and flower of the type of 2. Woollsii F.v.M., which is a synonym of

E. longifolia Link & Otto. Note that the buds are much smaller than those of the type.
Parramatta, N.S.W. (Rey. Dr. Woolls.)

Anthers. Homebush, near Sydney. (J.H.M.)
Fruits larger than those of the type, and with flat rims. Wolumla, N.S.W. (E. Francis.)
Small fruits, domed, and with exserted valves. Appin, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)

Fruits in twesard with angled calyx-tubes. East Gippsland, Victoria. (P. R,. H. St. John, through
C. Walter.)

E. diversicolor F.v.M.

7b, Juvenile leaves in the opposite stage, Margaret River, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Buds, with rounded opercula. King George’s Sound, W.A. (Robert Brown, 1802-5. No. 4,769 of
the British Museum distribution of 1876.)

. Mature leaf ; 9d, buds, with umbonate opercula. King George’s Sound. (L. Diels, No. 2,692.)

Buds, with conoid opercula, (Drummond’s No. 59.)

Fruits. Blackwood River, W.A. (Sohn Forrest.)

Fruits. Torbay Junction, near Albany, W.A. (Correspondent of Andrew Murphy.)
Immature fruits. Western Australia (Correspondent of C. Walter.)

Anthers. Margaret Riyer. (J.H.M.)

be

9a,

311
PLATE 87.

E. Guilfoylei Maiden.

1b, Juvenile leaves, still in the opposite stage ; 1c, intermediate leaf. Torbay Junction, near Albany,
W.A. (Louis Dillon.)

. Mature leaf ; 2b, buds, angular and with small opercula (the most advanced I was able to procure

at the time the plate was drawn; 2c, anthers of unique shape ; 2d, mature fruits. Denmark,
W.A, (Andrew Murphy.)

_ Immature fruits ; 34, small ripe fruits. Torbay Junction. (Percy. Murphy.)

Fruits of “Red Tingle Tingle.” Frankland River, W.A. (Acting Inspector-General of Forests.)
Since ascertained to be a distinct species (Z. Jacksoni Maiden). Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., vol.
vivii, 1913,

E, patens Benth.
Juvenile leaf. Preston Valley, W.A. (Max Koch.)

_ Mature leaf; 6b, buds; 6c, small fruits, slightly urceolate. Darling Range (Swan), W.A. (L. Diels’

No. 1,439.)
Immature fruits, Blackwood district. (L. Diels’ No. 2,535.)

. Anthers ; 88, fruits. Wooroloo, Darling Range. (Max Koch.)

PLATE 88.
E. patens Benth. (continued).

Juvenile foliage in a whorl of three. This is of very rare occurrence in Eucalyptus. Preston Valley,
W.A. (Max Koch.)

Fragment of Drummond’s No, 72, 4th Coll., which is the type of the species.
E. Todtiana F.v.M.

. Juvenile foliage ; 3b, anthers. South Perth, W.A. (J.H.M.)

Immature fruits. Bayswater, Lower Swan River, Perth, W.A. (Dr. A. Morrison.)

. Buds; 58, ripe fruits, with sunk rim, South Perth, (Dr. J. Burton Cleland.)

Mature fruit, flat rim. Bayswater, Perth. (W. V. Fitzgerald.)
Twig with buds and flowers. Perth district. (Collector.)
Two immature fruits from a specimen labelled No, 252 Preiss, mixed with Z. rudis Endl., which is, of
course, a very different species. See p. 305,
E. micranthera F.v.M.

Twig in bud and flower ; 96, anther, very small, and with serrulated filament, a rare and perhaps
unique character. Drawing from a unique specimen in the Melbourne Herbarium, from Western
Australia, without more definite locality stated. (Maxwell.) For locality see p. 308,

The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New

South Wales ’’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs

of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.

value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.

Details in regard to their economic

The number of

the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets :—

acacioides, A. Cunn. (xlviii)
acmentoides, Schauer (xxxil).
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewst, Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi).

bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).

Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xly).

Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xliii).
capttellata, Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxyvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).

dives, Schauer (xix).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
gigantea, Hook. f. (li).
goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).

- hemiphloia, ¥.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Luehmanmana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata, Hook. (vii). .

melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
microcorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil).
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
ochrophloia, F.v.M. (1).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (vill).
pilularis, Sm. (xxxi).

pi perita, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, ¥.v.M. (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
punctata, DC. (x).

regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).

saligna, Sm. (iv).
siderophlova, Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).

virgata, Sieb. (xxv).

vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).

“Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and

other illustrations.

Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.--1914,

REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 85.

Ni
»Fioc on d@ er tirh.

EUCALYPTUS GIGANTEA, Hook. F.

PL, 86.

T. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

he

Th.

ockTon dal e@

1-6).

Link AND OrrTo (

>

EUCALYPTUS LONGIFOLIA

(7-14).

E. DIVERSICOLOR, F.v.M.

PIA sSie

. REV. EUCALYPTUS.

Rem ONS esses sce Nit aN,

™M.Flochfon de@t.et lith.

EUCALYPTUS GUILFOYLEI, Marpen (7-4).

[See also Plate 88. }

E. PATENS, Benrnu. (5-8).

REY. EUCALYPTUS. PES Soe

&

ar

aia acon sare KS

Fe icoad

4
'
~e

nm sat
Mm. Flockfon del. eclith.

EUCALYPTUS PATENS, Benru. (J-2). [See also Plate 87.]
E, TODTIANA, F.v.M. (3-8).
E MICRANTHERA. F.v.M. (9).

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