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REYNOI Hf^ HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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3 1833 00729 6533
CROMER.
PAST AND PRE S ENT;
OR,
An attempt to describe the Parishes of ShipdeJi and Cromer, atid to narrate their History.
BY WALTER RYE
PRINTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE FUNDS FOR RESTORATION OF CKOMER CHURCH
BY
JARROLD AND SONS, NORWICH AND LONDON.
1889.
1856716
FACSIMILES OF THE ENTRIES IN DOMESDAY BOOK RELATING TO SHIPDEN.
I.— The King's Private Llanor.
/J
2.— Elgcd's Kanor.
D
3.— Beaiifoy's, or the Bishop's Manor.
^fccpri^irir p^r=a ^rarurcmc: i* crrrrrrr. Scn-ijj mui&iiv
fl
4.— St. Benet's Manor,
Cromer, Past AiND Present.
THE IMPRESSIOX FOR SALE IS LIMITED TO SEVENTY-FIVE COPIES LARGE IMPERIAL QUARTO, ^ FIVE HUNDRED CROWN QUARTO.
II
No, f.J. Crown Quarto.
JARROLD AND SONS,
PRINTERS,
NORWICH AND LONDON.
^xst nf Illustr:iti0ns/
rage
Cromer Church, with Ruins ... ... ... ... 87
Reproduction of Blomefield's Plate ... ... ... 94
Plan of the Pillars ... ... ... ... ... 94
" Cappings of Pillars" ... ... ... ... 95
Clerestory Windows ... ... ... ... ... 96
Elaborately-carved Oaken Door at the West of the South Aisle — as
it used to be ... ... ... ... ... 97
The Church Tower ... ... ... ... ... 102
Bell Inscription ... ... ... ... ... 103
View from the Top of the Tower ... ... ... 104
Lower Stage of Staircase, N.W. corner of Tower, Cromer Church 105
Specimen of Cut-stone Work, Cromer Church ... ... 106
Kerrich's Sketch of Part of West Door ... ... ... 107
Specimens of Ornaments of the Galilee ... ... ... 108
Specimens of Ornament of Tower Door inside West Porch ... 109
Mutilated Oak Door in North Porch ... ... ... no
Canopy Head, Floral Niche ... ... ... ... m
Specimens of Flint and Stone-work Round the Church ... 113 Variations of Panel Ornaments ... ... ... II4' ^5
Specimen of Buttresses ... ... ... ••• 116
Specimen of Bosses ... ... ... ... ••• ^7
Ornaments above Clerestory Windows ... ... 118, 119, 120, 121
* All the above, except the bell inscription, are reproductions of sketches made by my late brother, Francis Rye.— VV. R.
§jtfro6uctton.
To understand nhat Cromer was like three or four hundred years ago, one must picture to oneself a great cliff standing much more out to sea than at present, and under it a real harbour with a heavy-timbered pier- head like that now at Gorleston, with rough stone walls clumsily contrived and repaired again and again in our obstinate English fashion, as the in- coming sea eat them away from time to time. Quite a fleet of trading ships and fishing boats lazily tossing about inside tt;e harbour, and a large fish- curing and outfitting population busy on the shore — in fact as different a spot from the quiet watering place of the present day as can well be con- ceived. There were, no doubt, timber wharves, or " staithes," for the merchants who landed their cargoes of deals and of the straight pine-stuff of which we then had none in our woods. There were " butchers " in plenty here, whom some say were really graziers, and who we know bought lean kine from afar off, and fattened them on the tlien open common lands and the not far-off salt marshes— probably partly for salting down the flesh for the Iceland trade ships, but who, no doubt, also acted as retail " fleshers " when they got the chance, and could promote a small syndicate to sub- scribe for and divide an ox.
Of course the shipping trade was not as good then as it had been, nor were the people quite as energetic as they had been when Robert Bacon, spying a strange sail in the otling, set out frora our pier and brought back a Scotch prince captive; but the place was still prosperous. There must have been plenty of business done, and good business men here to send two men up to London to become Lord Mayors in less than a century. One must fancy things a little bit going down hill with the trade, as the sea dashed on the " work" fiercer and fiercer year after year; the pier rate, no doubt, grew heavier and heavier, and the French pirates were a sore trouble to us, picking up our men off the coast and holding them to ran- som, and were playing about on the sands "as if the place belonged to them."
But in the midst of all their troubles the ciurch, which was and is the
B
lO CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
glory of our village, was at its very prime ; and I like to fancy it best as it must have been then.
Say it is May Day in 1 540, and what do we see? A great perfect building finished about a century ago, still shining with its great double-tiered range of windows — aisle and clerestory — and shaped flints, and its curiously carved stone work as sharp and clear as new, with its great tower over 60 feet higher than that of the biggest church in Norwich. From this tower a peal of five bells, the tenor nearly a ton in vreight, are ringing a peal to usher in the merry-making. Just outside the tower, you can see the plat- form where "flares "are burned sometimes to warn mariners on bad nights, sometimes to pass on the beacon light along the coast. We enter the church by the north porch. One of the three chaplains attached to the church lives here, no doubt, and there is a " squint hole " for him to see the mass. Of course he has to look after the votive offerings stuck all about. That silver model of a ship tells how the master of the dogger Nicholas of Shipden, firmly and correctly considered that it was his prayers to our St. Peter and Paul that brought him safely home over the " Roaring Middle " that bad Christmas night, and not, as the Hunstanton chapel-keeper en- deavoured to make out, the volunteered assistance of St. Edmund, whose help we people of Cromer think, though well intended, was slightly ofl[icious and wholly unnecessary.
Let us go through that beautiful doorway into the church. The win- dows are full of stained glass, and the floors are covered with brasses. That splendid one looks uncommonly like the great Felbrigg brass, and it is a curious thing that Weever saw it here a long while after ; but let that pass, the Felbrigg people want it worse than we do.*
Right and left are the chapels, so many one can hardly count them. One chapel I, or my ghostly ancestor, will shew you with pride. It is the Chapel of " Maid Ridibone." We don't exactly know who she was, but we are extremely pleased to harbour her image, for sh.e is quite the latest thing in miracle working — almost as interesting as " Master John Schorn, [Gentleman born] Conjured the devil into a boot
• All the brasses are gone now but one. and I can't but think that Katherine Comforth, if she knows anything about it now— and I am by no means sure she does not— must feel pleased that her poor little brass, representing her poor little self, with her folded hands over her breast and her bidding prayer at her feet, should have outlasted all the monuments of her grand contemporaries; and I firmly believe tliat "William Arnold, bastard," as he, not unUke a form.r bearer of the nickname, boldly proclaimed himself, must feel chafed and wronged that his br.iss is not riveted where U should be, but hes loose in the church chest.
INTRODUCTION. I r
Though she is said to have fallen through a mill-wheel and been killed, and to have been restored to life by the intervention of St. Alban ; she, however, up to date, is not a pecuniary success, any more than the real head of St. John the Baptist at Trimminghara hard by.
On the north side of the church we see the image of St. Mary and St. Ann her mother, painted in flesh colour and ultramarine, and powdered over with gold stars, just as our descendants v.-ill see in Catholic shops in the 19th century. In St. Mary's Chapel is the great "portiforium," which that good chaplain, Thomas Tugge, gave us, chained to the desk just as he told us to chain it. Any lad of the place can come in and learn to read here, aye, and get learning enough to be Lord I\Iayor if he is clever enough. These are good days for clever men. A boy who 7C'ants to learn can always find teaching; but in our foolish 15th century way, we dont drive people to learn who hav'n't the brains to do so.
Right in front of us is the " High " Rood Loft, while to its sides and above it are the achievements of the lords and ladies who helped to build the church, painted on cloth and gently stirring in the wind. How the great beam shines in scarlet and gold, as well it may, considering that one of our Lord Mayors left us ;^4o for its help not so long ago. See how high and how wide the gallery is, into which the singers are filing up through both the rood turrets, after taking their service books from the convenient cupboard, still to be seen in the north staircase. Not that there are not better than service books in that cupboard, for John Gosselyn, who left us a missal, a noted portiforium, and a graduale, and who was also the proud owner of such books as '* De Virtutibus Herbarura " and "Pars Oculi," also left some treatises of that sort to be the nucleus of a parish library.
We pass under the beam and are in the grand chancel, with its tremen- dous east window,* with St. ^Nlary Magdalen, St. Christopher, and St. Katherine decently depicted on it, at the expense of our vicar, in 13SS. Right and left are two more chapels, each fit to be the chancel of most churches.
In the middle, " in the entering between the desks," lies our friend, William Tugge, the vicar, whose namesake left us a portiforium. He wanted to be buried here, and so he was buried with the chalice engraved on the stone over him. He was a good fellow of an old family in our Hundred, and kin, no doubt, to the chaplain of the same name who lived here. He was parson of Gunton when he died, but preferred — and small blame to him — to be buried here. His successors were not so fond of the
• Very unlike to that recently put up, I fear.
12 CROMER, PAST A\D PRESENT.
place. Ryston was a "brother" of Beeston, and lies in his abbey church, and Harlow was a canon of Walsingham, and no doubt also went home.
There stands tlie High Altar, glorious as gilding can make it ; for John Ward gave us 53s. 4d. to gild it in 1504. That gold cup, a little old- fashioned now, must be the one John Gosselyn, our old vicar, gave us in 1384; and that pair of gilt chalices, no doubt, are Thomas Multon's, who only died the other day. Good cups, too, they are, with patens, as the church goods inventory in Edward VI. 's reign will describe them, weighing 39 ounces in all "silver dobill gilt." While right and left are the two great standing candlesticks and four smaller of latten.
What a fine set of vestments there are hanging up in the vestry ! One suit of red cloth (a cope, a vestment, two tunicles, and two albs), and another similar suit of black silk. A cope of white silk broidered with roses, a cope of cloth of gold, a cope of crimson velvet, a cope of white damask, and a cope of blue damask.
Then there are other vestments of price. A white one with roses, to match the cope, no doubt, one of cloth of Bawdkyn, another of crimson velvet, and yet others of white damask, of red silk of Bruges, of red silk "border Alexander " (whatever that may mean), and of green damask.
To-day, being May Day, is no doubt a great day with the Guilds, of which we have six. All of them are busy getting ready their " lights " — the great wax candles— fantastically coloured, to burn so as we trust, on the lucus a non lucendo principle, to alleviate our purgatorial pains.
But the Guilds have no monopoly of lights. There are other societies vowed to burn candles here. First and foremost is our " Plough Light," well supported by nearly every will ; then we have the " Women's Plough Light" (can this have been the gleaner's light?), and still again the " Plough Light in East Gate." Of course we have no walled gates ; but we call a way a "gate," just as we talk of a horse's " gait."
We shall have a jolly time of it to-night with the Guilds v.-hen the may- ing is over. It will shock some of our descendants if they ever get to know that this church (wherein such stirring teetotal sermons will some day be preached), is now continually the scene of many a merry-making, many a " church ale," like that officiously interrupted by John Cecilyson, in Thurgarton Church, as told on page 53. Feasting and substantial cookery too, must have gone on also, probably in a guild-house close to the churchyard, else why will the Church inventory of the "Guild Stuff," consisting of 3 brass pots, 40 lbs. weight [of cups] of pewter, 2 spits
INTRODUCTION. I3
wei'^hing 12 ILs., and the "masour" (can we doubt it was a loving cup?) with [a rim of] 2 ounces of silver.
Tut our Guilds are not only feasting clubs. They are charity and bury- in- societies, but not of the 19th century type. We find it very comforting to think that our bodies will be carried to the grave on a " hearse," which has carried many a good fellow of our Guild before us to his last home.
It is homelike to think that our friends and our boon companions will j)ut our vile body away tenderly, and that we shall not have the grim hlick mockery of the undertakers round us. There are no undertakers in our d.iys. We stretch our own dead reverently and not for money. V/e i\o so ourselves, instead of paying others to " undertake" the "job."
Our burial functions are impressively religious. John Gosselyn's will, with its payments to be made to the chaplains celebrating in the church, to those who bear the body, to the clerk who bears the holy water, and to the boys singing a psalm, gives us a very good idea of what they were like.
Well, such was what I often fancy was the church, the history of which I have studied in a desultory way for a quarter of a century or so. For years and years some well-intentioned people have been hard at work restoring, and spending great sums of money on it, I can't help thinking that the old founders, the old vicars and chaplains, the stout merchants and mayors, may still be allowed to look down on our feeble attempts to match their work. If so, I know it must have pleased them to see the chancel rise up again, like a slow and expensive ghost, and be roofed in once more. They mus^ have been distressed to see their tombstones in the chancel first get weathered and then crumble away.
Who knows that they may be looking down on us with a sort of sub- dued satisfaction in seeing that our new work is so much worse and so much dearer than what they did? Of course all this is all rubbish and nonsense ; but I like to think it may be true.
But whether our new work is as good as the old or not, and whether it would not have been wiser to have employed an architect with a wider and closer acquaintance with our Norfolk type flint-built churches, the work has to be paid for, and it struck me that if I put in t>'pe all I had collected about the place, it might bring in something towards the Restora- tion Fund, and I have accordingly printed the book with this object. There art plenty of people who will not subscribe a guinea or two to a
14 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
building fund, but who will buy a book, which, though of no intrinsic value, contains, at all events, a mass of local material and pedigrees. I have been greatly aided in this idea by the public spirit and enterprise of the publishers, who have undertaken the no small risk and cost of printing and illustrating the work.
WALTER RYE.
Putmy, S. W.
Cromer, Past and Present.
CHAPTER L
'gr^c ^urie5 gifj? of ^fnpbcn anb i^e iTetr> '^own of g^romcr.
" On Lough Neagh's bank, as the fisherman strays, When the clear cold eve's declining, He sees the round towers of other days. In the wave beneath him shining ! "
Moore.
Due north, and twenty-one miles as the crow flies from the Castle Hill of Norwich, stands, huddled into a hollow and along the chfif edge, the little village of Cromer, and a quarter of a mile out to sea the tide rolls in and rolls out over the lost town of Shipden.
Once or twice in the year, at the very dregs of the lowest neap tides, the water recedes beyond broken foundations matted with seaweed — long ridges of what were once walls, but which now hardly peep above the sand, and a great overturned mass of squared flint work, which the fishermen call the " Church Rock," once the tower of Shipden Church.''
Even at the ebb of ordinary tides, the '' Church Rock " is not so deep under water that it would not drive a hole in the bottom of anything bigger than a fishing boat which tried to fetch over it.f
• This is the generally accepted belief, but there are others who say that the ruins of the submerged church are half a mile more to the west.
t This was written before a Yarmouth tug, fitted as a pleasure steamer, was lost on it this (i8SS) summer.
l6 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
The usual guesses at the derivation of both Shipden and Cromer have been made. If we went to work in the style of those bad riddle-gucsscrs — the derivation -makers of the past century — wc might point out that if the hills which have been washed away sloped up seawards at the same angle as those which remain, the noted old harbour of Shipden must have been a very " haven under a hill," and the Ship-don, or Ship-hill, no inappropriate name for it. Crowmerc, too, would have naturally been guessed at as the lonely mere or lake to which the crows came to drink at nightfall, with as quiet an ignoring of the fact that there is no mere for miles among our breezy hills, as is shown by those who derive the adjoining village of Felbrigg from " field-bridge," suppressing the fact that there is no brook there to bridge over.
But if I may, once more, air my favourite theory that most of our Norfolk villages took their names from reminiscences of the homes of Danish, or other Norsk settlers, either coming here before the Romans or after the Saxons, according to which inva- sion you please, I think there is little difficulty in shewing that Cromer is a Danish place name, and that it is situate in a Hundred, which itself takes its name from Denmark, and which abounds with other Danish names.
That there v/ere yet earlier inhabitants than these early Danes, of course, goes without saying. Three celts were found here after a fall of the cliff in 1845, and in 1877, ^J^r. Fitch, of Norwich, exhibited a neolithic flint implement found on the Lighthouse Hill. Some notes as to the discovery of ancient British remains near Cromer by the Rev. G. C. Chester will be found in the 5 th vol. (p. 263) of the Transactions of the Norfolk Archaeological Society.
Discarding, as I think I have shewn elsewhere wc should do, Kemble's theory that "ing" meant "ham," or home of "descendants of" — e.g., that Erpingham. means " home of the descendants of Erp," and coming to the more reasonable conclusion that it means the new home of those who come from a place called Erping, wc have but to look for the name of Erping in Denmark. This we find at once in " Herping." After this it does not surprise us to find a " Kroemmer," which is, of course, not to be distinguished in sound from Cromer, nor a " Kromerup," also in Denmark.*
* Mr. Hyde Clarke kindly wrote me, pointing out that there is a Croixmare in Nor- mandy, four miles from Limesi, in the Pays de Caux, from v<hich fact he argued with
THE BURIED CITY AND NEW TOWN. 17
Fclbrigg, the adjoining village (the last syllable of which must be a corruption, for as before-mentioned, there is nothing there to bridge), finds its prototype in Felborg (in Jutland), Sustead in Scested, Aldborough in Aldbjerg, Gresham in Groesholm, Repps in Rcppe, Thorpe Market in Thorpe. Seven therefore of the thirty-one places in the Hundred are practically identical with the names of places in Denmark, while the prefixes of Gimmiiig-hd.m, G union, and Thnrganon are also Danish, as are also the affixes of OwQTstrand and Sxdcstrand, which may be compared with the Danish Xordstrand and Fladstrand, and Matlask with the Danish Ilolmtrask and Bustrask. Allowing these, we have six more (or thirteen in all) Danish place names, while a closer scrutiny of the map of the neighbourhood, gives such Danish-sounding localities as Hagon beck in Gunton Park, Beck Hythe near Cromer, and Kivby Hill near Cromer, besides which there arc the lost villages of Marke/Z/^r/i- and ILidcsthorp mentioned hereafter.
There is some historic evidence of Danes here, too, e.g:, Torstin held one of our Cromer m.anors when Domesday was taken, and our first Subsidy Roll for Shipdcn has such Danish sounding^ names as Sirik and Hermer.
Later on (1327) we find in the neigbourhood (see my "Rough Notes for North Erpingham ") the Danish-sounding surnames of Lenesson, Wodeson, Dauwessone, Kyrtcsson, Edcsson, Deynessone, Rennesson, Catcssone, Madessone, Sibbessone, and Rolvesson.
No Roman remains have been found at Cromer, though the discoveries of a Roman kiln at Weybourne, and of a great hoard of coins near Baconsthorpe are well known ; and the camp at Warbury, or Warborough Hill, is supposed to be Roman, while that at Brancaster, still further down the coast, undoubtedly is. Roman pottery has been found at Bassingham, v/here there is a mound also supposed to be Roman.
The late Rev. Scott Surtees promulgated the startling theory that Julius Caesar, in his two expeditions, landed at Weybourne and Brancaster Bay, and that Cromer was the place where the
great plausibility that some one named "de Croixmare," came over with the de Limesis, when they acquired a manor here. Against this is the fact that the first connection of the de Limesi family with the place, was when Gerard de Limesi married Amy de Bidun, and "Cromer" occurs as a place name as early as 47 Hen. III., which would gi»e no time for the acquirement of the name.
•l8 CROMER, PAST AND TRESENT.
height of the cliffs, covered by Britons, prevented the landing of the Romans. If we admit that Cantium was the Roman name for Norfolk, and that our dingy-looking cliffs were "white" 55 B.C., there is a good deal in his theory, which will be found discussed more at length in the Appendix.
The first mention of Shipdcn in history is, as usual, in Domes- day, where it occurs as " Shipedana," '' Sccpedana," " Scepedcne," and " Scipedana."
.The name Cromer first occurs in 47 Hen. III. (1262), in the will of Sir John de Repps, and in conjunction with Shipdcn, in the Hundred Rolls (1274), but it does not occur in either of the Sub- sidy Rolls of 1327, 1333, or 1334. In 131S the curious form of Shypeden juxta Felbrigg occurs (De Banco Roll, Michs., 1 1 Ed. II., memb. 282).
In 135S the "merchants of Cromer" arc mentioned, and " Crow- mere Church " occurs in 1374 and 1382. In 1380 the " fishermen of Cromer" are mentioned, and in 13S2, a man describes himself in his will as of Cromer, while in 1390, the men of the town of Shipden had letters patent in aid of a pier i/icy had built "in com- mercio vocato Crowemere." This would seem at first glance to look as though " Crowmere " were the place by the actual sea, as has been sometimes argued by those who think the present Church is Shipden, and that Cromer is the buried one, a position which is to a certain extent borne out by the fact that the new Church, which in 1337, was to take the place of the old one, whose church- yard had for twenty years been wasted by the sea, was to be built on an acre of land in Shipden.
Shipden had not at that time even begun to lose its own name. Its market and fair were renewed to it in 1285, and again in 1426, under the name of "Shipden" ; but it cannot be denied that from the end of the fourteenth century, the fishing place and port were always called Cromer. Besides references to the merchants and fishermen of Cromer in 135S and 1380, the market and port of Cromer occurs in 1391, the mariners of Cromer in 1405, the mer- chants of Cromer in 1410, the ships taken for war from Cromer in 14 1 7, and the Paston letters refer to the Haven Courts of Cromer in 1449. In 1425 (10 Hen. V.) we have "Shipden by Cromer."
The form Shipdcn alias Cromer begins about 1452, and the name
THE BURIED CITY AND NEW TOWN.
19
of Shipdcn by itself falls out altogether about 14S3, but is retained as Cromer alias Shipden for many years.*
So much for the two old names of the place. It is a spot which lias for a century or so been greatly loved by those who knew it well, and amongst others by myself, who for this reason have tried in the following pages to give as good an account of it as I can.
• At one time I thought that Cromer might have taken its name, as Richmond in i^dTTvy di.l from Richmond, Yorkshire, Wm. de Warrene being said to hold (Inq. p.m., 15 hid. I., No. 23)
Crowmer's manor in Ox/crJ, Beeston manor in Norfolk, and wc know he had a manor in Cromer here too. Again there is a Crommer in Berks, alio Cromer Lotte in Sussex, both of which occur in the Duchy of Lancaster pro- ccolings.
CHAPTER II. "^^e "§$Tanors.
I DO not propose to enter as fully as possibly I might on the early history of the various manors in Shipden and Cromer.
An elaborate account of them would be chiefly interesting to genealogists, and with two or three exceptions, the families who held them are dead and gone, and the village knows them no more.
So I have strung together all I have been able to find, and will leave it to others to amplify, if they feel so disposed, the outline sketches I subjoin.
There were when Domesday was taken four manors here. The words of the record are shown in the facsimile opposite. Shortly speaking they were : —
1. The King's Private Manor. Out of this I apprehend
was carved
(la.) BidiDi's manor, afterwards held by the families of
de Limesi and Odingsclls, as mentioned hereafter.
De Bidun in turn subenfeoffed a \i, of a
knight's fee to (i^.) \Vm. of Worcester. Odingsells subenfeoffed (i^.) I3 of a knight's fee to \Vm. de Wcyland, and this became Weyland's, or Pastons manor, and now belongs to the Cabbell family.
2. Bigod's Irlanor.
Bigod subenfeoffed
[De Crey/Ss manor, which in whole or in part became Ufford's manor, afterwards Arnold's (sometimes (ii(7.)i Hermer's), afterwards Underwood's and Wind- ham's, now Cabbell's, Out of this was carved Cromer Gunners.
FACSIMILES OF THE ENTRIES IN DOMESDAY BOOK RELATING TO SHIPDEN.
I.— The King's Private Manor.
/)
2.— Bigcd's Manor.
ZsT-jY* liar- vxis • f^r^ rr? • x:'
3.— Beaufoy*s, or tlie Bishop's Manor.
W'poTrh' T.AC. pa. Tciu!;. ir.fnir.-ni^V v.fot <5r. un-^. ^rJnr ^nl^n-
4.— St. Benet's Manor,
THE MANORS. 21
(ii^.) De Bcrningham and Dc Bradcston. (iiV.) De Thorp's inauor, who subcnfcoffcd. (ii^.) Rcyvics and Tenant { Tcbaut ?)
Possibly this was Tomlyn's manor.
3. Eeaufoy's, or the Bishop's Llanor.
SubenfeorTcd to dc Egmcre.
I have heard it suggested that Ufford Hall (Arnold's) manor was held of this chief manor, and not of Bigod's. 4- St. Benet's Manor, or Shipden Abbots.
Le Neve said years ago, "This manor is in the sea now."
Besides the Domesday manors there were :—
5. Lancaster's :Manor. Originally held by the de Veres, and
went in turn by marriage to the de Warren's, and to John of Gaunt, and so passed with the Duchy of Lancaster : now Lord Sufficld's.
Possibly this was a part of I.
6. Cromer Gunners, also Lord Sufticld's ; a subdivision of
Arnold's manor, sometimes called Gigg's and Inglond's.
7. Cromer Tomlins,
8. Cromer Ropers.
(DOMESDAY MANOR, No. I.) The King's Private Elanor in Shipden.
This was a beruitc of the king's manor of Aylsham, and was ^.}'':, ,
J. 1110 »v a.j u. c> J -r,- 1 1 • 1 ' Bidun s after-
either in whole or in part held by Halnad dc Bidun, at one knight s „ardi Limesi's, fee, by the grant of Henry I., as a member of the manor of J^^.t^Jj^j: Aylsham. His daughter and heiress, Amy, married Gerard ^/i? neys manor. Litnesi (see writ for post-mortem, 33 Hen. HI., and Excerpta e Rot Fin. i. p. 342, and ii. p. 5i\ and had issue—
I. John de Limesi, who died 1 19S, leaving a son and heir, {a.) Hugh de Limesi, who diQdpost 1223, s.p.
22 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
2. Basilia dc Limcsi (co-hciress with her sister). She married
Hugh dc Odingsels, who died 1238, and her son, Sir WilHam de Odingsels, of Souhull, acquired the other half of the advowson here from his kinsman, Henry de Pinkney.
3. AHanor de Limcsi (co-heircss with her sister). She married
David de Lindsay, \x\\o died 12 14, and besides sons, who
died s.p., had a daughter Ah'ce, who married Sir Henry de
Pinkeny, and whose son and heir, Henry dc Pinkeny, sold
his half of the advowson to Sir. \Vm, de Odingsells.*
The latest I can trace of the de Odingsells family is that " the
heirs of Hugh dc Odingsells" are returned as holding one-third
of a knight's fee in Shipden. (Book of Aids, 20 Ed. HI., 1347.)
Is. Of the subholding by \Vm. de Woreesier, all I know is that he
Worcester s ■=> y
maaor. hcld a quarter of a knight's fee of Halnad de Bidun in the begin-
ning of the reign of Henry H.
IVey/ands.
A later subholding was that (one-third of a knight's fee) which William de VVeyland held of Hugh de Odingsels, in 24 Hy. HI. An earlier and ample pedigree of the de Weylands will be found in Blomeficld's Norf., vi. p. 173. Their arms are said by Norris to be Ar. on a cross gu. 5 escallops or.f
In the next reign, Nicholas de IVeyland also held a manor in Oxburgh of Robt. Burnel (who hcld of de Odingsels), having mar- ried his daughter Julian.
This Nicholas had a resettlement of the manor and land at Shipden, S Edw. I. (X. Erp., p. 1S7), and a grant of a market and fair here, 13 Edw. I. (Charter Roll, Xo. 102.)
His son and heir is said to be Robert, but this manor at all events descended to
William de Weyland, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Laurence de Ruston, and settled land in Shipden and Overstrand by fine, 12 Edw. H. (1318). Pie died in 1327, seized of the manor of Overstrand and lands in Shipden, members of the said manor all held of the heirs of John de Limesi.
• SeeAttd in Madox's Formulare, p. 311.
t This return says William de Weyland held of Hugh de Odingsells, and he of Lord Sea!iS, and he of the King, hut T c.innot trace this.
Ic.
Wey land's ma- nor.
THE MANORS. 23
His son and heir was found to be
Robert de \Vcyland,w'\\o,\x\ 19 Ed. II. (1326), had the manors of Ovcrstrand and Shipdcn settled on him and his heirs by his wife Cecilia, who was the dauc^hter of Sir Thomas Baldock, and niece of Robert de Baldock, Bishop of Nonvich.
His inquisition post mortem was held 20 Edw. III., when his son and heir was found to be
Sir Edmund de Weylaud, but he dyings s.p. about 43 Edw. III., was succeeded by his brother,
Sir John de Weyland, who married Burga, dau.<:jhter and heir of John Sparwe, or Sparrow, by his wife, Burga de Vaux. Their son,
Peter de Weyland, like his uncle, died without issue, so his sister,
Elizabeth Weyland, became the heiress of the family. She married John Harewell, of Warwickshire, but had no male issue, her daughter and heir being
Joan Harezvc/l, who married and survived John Stretche, of Devon, and no doubt sold the manor.
Soon after, though how I do not exactly know, it passed to the Pastons.
In 1422 (10 Hen. V.), Richard Rede, a feoffee of this manor, released it, i.a., to Richard Harewell, clerk (probably an uncle of the heiress). \Vm. Hoddesfcld, Alexander Lynde, Wm. Paston of Paston, and Thos. Poye,* his co. feoffees, who had had this and other manors by the grant of Johanna, widow of John Stretche, Esq., by fine, d. 5 July, 10 Hen. V.
By an entry in the Paston letters (iii., p. 451), the manor is des- cribed in 1444 as being " late of Clement Paston and Hugh atte Fen," and to have formed the subject of a settlement on the marriage of William Paston, the judge, with Agnes Berry.
William Paston, by his will d. 31 January, 1444 {id. p. 454), leaves the reversion of this manor, subject to his wife's life interest, to his son,
Edmund Paston, and his heirs male.f
In Dame Agnes Paston's will, d. 1466 (/'./. ii. p. 2S7), she
* Close Roll, 10 Hen. V., m 3.
t In 1451, the " Baly of Cromer" is mentioned in ihe Paston Letters, i. p. 217, and sa id. iii. pp. 205, 257, 262, and 4S8.
24 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
refers to her life interest as bcin_f^ over " the manors of Paston, Latymer, and Shypden, and Ropers in Crowmer."
It would seem that by some family arrangement or purchase, the manor passed from Edmund Paston to his brother Sir John, to whom, in 1479, a kinsman wrote — "Syr, your tenauntes at Crowmer say that they know not who shal be their lord ; they marvayll that ye nor no man for yow hath not yet ben there " {id. iii, p. 257), and later in the same year Sir John writes (zV/. p. 262), that his brother Edmund should ride to {i.a.) Cromer, and enter the manor in his name.
Sir William Paston, knic^ht, m 1544 (10 June, 36 Hy. VIII.), settled Cromer Weylands and other manors to the use of himself and his wife Bridget for their lives, and the life of the longer liver of them, and afterwards to the uses of his will. The trustees were Edwd. Gryffyn, Nicholas Rokewode, and Thoipas Atkyns.*
In 1564 (Easter) there was a praecipe to William Paston to sur- render ii.a^ the manor of Cromer to Bernard Themilthorp.
From 1642 to 1651, Sir William Paston, bart, was lord, as appears by the Court Book of the manor of Cromer Weylands in my possession.
From 1652, Robert Paston, Esq., his son and heir apparent, was lord.
In 1658, Sir William Paston, bart., vras lord.
He died in 1662, and his son, Sir Robert Paston, was created Viscount Yarmouth ; but the title expired in the next generation, on the death of the latter's son William, the second earl, in 1732.
Blomefeld, under Oxncad, says, that the last earl left his estate to pay his debts, and this manor, v/ith that of Paston, was bought by the celebrated George Anson, the circumnavigator, then George Anson, Esq., but afterwards Baron Anson, of Soberton. Pie died in 1762, and was, I think, succeeded by his elder brother Thomas, who was lord here in 1766. He. too, dying without issue, this and other manors passed to his nephew and sister's son, George Adams, who assumed the surna.me of Anson. The latter's son, Thomas Anson, was lord in 1791, and held the title of Viscount Anson granted to him in 1S06.
• Norris Charters, B. p. 23.
THE MANORS. 2$
The manor afterwards passed to G. Stanley Repton, Esq. * and the Rt. Hon. Lady Elizabeth Repton, his wife (who was a daughter of the great Lord Eldon) who were owners of the manor in 1854, and sold to William Henry Scott, who in turn sold it to the late Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq., M.P., in 1862, who was already lord of Ufford's Hall Manor. For the subsequent descent, see that
(DOMESDAY MANOR, No. H.) Bigod's Manor.
This was held by Roger Bigod at Domesday, being the holding of which a freeman, named Osborn, had been deprived.
Roger le Bygod and Alice his wife held ii.a.) land here in the 35 Ed. L (Inq. p.m.)
In 20 Ed. HI, (1347), the heir of the Earl of Norfolk was found to hold one-eighth of a knight's fee of the king.
From a statement in 35 Ed. I., that John de Thorp (who we know had succeeded to the De Crcyk manor) and his parceners held land in Shipdcn of Roger Bigod, I have little doubt that it was out of this fee that the following subfee was created.
De Crej'k's Manor. IIa. "a.
De Creyk s
Before 24 Henry HI., Roger fil' Peter fil' Osbert, who had married Sara, daughter of Barthn: de Crcyk., subinfeoffed one-third of a knight's fee to Richard de Bcrningham, who had in turn subse- feoffed to William de Bradenham and Roger de Reymes.
In 36 Hen. HI., Margaret de Crcyk, widow, and her son Robert de Creyk, had an interest here.
Robert probably died without issue, for
In 34 Ed. I., Roger de Creyk, son [of the said] Sarra by [Roger fil'] Peter fil' Osbert died, seized of a quarter of a knight's fee here, when Sarra's cousins, Rosie, wife of Edward de Pakenham, and Cecilia, wife of Robert dc UiTord, were found to be her heirs (Inq.
manor.
• I do not know if he was any relation to Humphrey Repton, the celebrated landscape gardener, who died in i8i8, and lies buried in Aylsham churchyaid. In 1809, William Repton was steward and solicitor at Aylsham.
D
26 CROMER, PAST x\ND PRESENT.
p.m., No. 58), and the estate was found to be a quarter of a knight's fee held by Wilh'am de Bradenham."
There was, however, another claimant, John dc Thorp, who claimed to be kinsman of Margaret de Creyk ; but I do not see how she could have any heritable right in the manor, being only the widow of a former owner. He established his right as to the manor of Combes, and such right was probably compromised by the gift of some interest here, for his name occurs as a subholder afterwards, [see iir.]
iiA continued (?) Ufford's Manot'.f (IlA continued.)
Ufford's manor -'-' ' ^ ^
This manor was, I expect, the same as the last, and took its name from Cecilia de Ufford, who probably bought out the other moiety.
The Ufford family remained here long, for Sir Edmund de Ufford (" le cousin "), son of Sir Ralf de UlTord, and brother to Robert Earl of Suffolk by Eva de Clavering his wife, by his will proved 1374, gave to the High Altar of Shipden 6s. Sd., and to the repair of the Church 13s. 4d. (Regr. Heydon, fo. 45b).
In 1 391 (14 Ric, II.), Sir Robert Ufford, knight, granted the manors of Horsford, Hautbois Magna, Cromer, and Burgh in Flegg to Isabel Beauchamp, Sir IMiles Stapulton, and William Wynter (Norris Charters, A. p. 39).
I do not know when the Uffords parted with the manor to the Arnolds, who, in their turn, gave it their name.
Ar^^°id's^ m^- William Arnold, of Cromer, occurs in the list of Norfolk Gentry for 12 Hen. VI. (1433). There is still a brass to him and his wife Johanna in the church, in which he is described as William Arnold, bastard. :|:
• As to him and his subfeoffees, z&o. post,
t On the other hjind, Ufford's manor, in Cromer, is said to have been aftenvards held by \Vm. Arnold, of the Prior of Walsingham, as of his manor of Egmcre, which would seem to make it a subholding of Beaufoy's, or the Bishop's Manor. (Domesday Manor, No. III.) Moreover, Ufford's Hall Manor is still sometimes called '■'alias Egmere's."
X From this and from the fact that these Cromer Arnolds bore Sa. a chev, between 3 dolphins naiant ar., it may be that he was a bastard off^.hoot of the neighbouring family of Damme, of Sustead, who bore Sa. 3 fishes naiant in pale ar. On the other hand he may have sprung from Hugh Arnald, who was of Bradheld, in 1353 (Norfolk Fines, Ed. in., No. S93), or may have been the William Arnold, spicer, of Norwich, in 1410
nor
formerly U
THE MANORS. 2/
This son, Richard Ai-nold, died lord of the manors of UfTords and Tomlins,* and mentioned them in his testament, dated 30 Dec, 1472, and proved 24 Jan. following. He ordered his body to be buried where it should please God, and gave to the High Altar of Shypden 5 marks, to the fabric lo marks, to each of the gilds of SL Peter and St. Ann there 40s., to the plough light 6s. 8d., to the fabric of " Le pere," 5 marks for a chaplain to celebrate for 5 years, in the said church, for his soul, «S:c., and another chaplain to cele- brate for 2 years, in the said church, for the souls of William Arnold and Joan his wife, father and mother of the said Richard, at the altar of St. ]Mary of Pity. To each order of friars in Norwich he gave los. He named for executors his wife Margery, Robert Herward,f of Alburgh, William Lomnor, of jManyngton, and William Bond, of Shypden, to each of whom he gave 4 marks. By his last will of the same date, he gave to Tvlargery his wife, his messuage in which he dwelt, for the term of her life ; also he gave to his said wufe, his manor in Shypden, called Ufford's and Thomelyn's, with all the lands, rents, &c., thereto belonging in Shyp- den, Runton, Felbrygg, Roughton, Northreppys, and Overstrond, and also his manor in North Tudenham, called Senders, with the lands, rents, &c., thereto belonging in Tudenham aforesaid, Hokeryng, Mattishale, and other towns adjoining, and all other his messuages, lands, and tenements in Shypden (except 2 messuages, &c., the one called Rudds, and the other Le Walles, and except a certain mill with the appurtenances), until his son William should come to the age of 24 years without impeachment of waste, after which he gave all the said manors, &c. (together with the reversion of the afore- said messuages after his wife's death), to the said William his son, and to the heirs of his body, paying thereout to the said Alargery 20 marks a year during her life, rem. to Edmund his son in tail, rem. to his executor to be sold ; to Edmund his son he gave ;^40, to be paid when he comes out of his apprenticeship. To Robert his son, his tenement called Hastyngs in Shypden, in fee, and also
(Freemen's Roll), in which year we find him first at Cromer as witness to a deed (post Appendix Iv.). The last guess is rather borne out by the fact that William Arnold of Cromer (his descendant), sold land at Norwich in 1542 (Elomcfield iv., p. 120).
• I cannot trace this second manor.
t This Robt. Herward, by his will, d. 14S1, left a manor in Cromer to his wife Anne for life, and after his death to her son Clement (Reg. Caston, fo. iSoa). This Clement was afterwards William Arnold's trustee, of Arnold's manor.
28 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
£20. To Joan his daughter, his mill aforesaid, to her and her heirs for ever ; his lands and tenements in Hcvyngham to be sold by his executors (Reg. Golour, f Gc).
His wife Margaret was the daughter of Clement Herward, of Alborough, and no doubt the sister of the Robert Herward, whom he named as his executor. By her he had two sons, William and Robert, and a daughter Joan. He died in 1473.
His eldest son, William Arnold, who must have been under 24 in 1472, died about 1523, and in his inquis. post mortem (held 18 Nov. 15 Hen. VHL), the 2 manors are referred to as being settled by his father Richard through John Symonds (no doubt a trustee) on William Gurnay, John Wotton, Clement Herward, John Wynter, and William Gurnay, jun., to the use of his son this William Arnold and the latter's wife Isabella, and the heirs of their body.
He is said to have married twice, first to Isabella, daughter of John Wooton, of N. Tudenham, Esq., and secondly, Catherine,* daughter of James Arblaster, Esq., and to have had issue by his first wife only. The inquisition quoted above, states that his son and heir was William Arnold, then aged 22 years and upwards.
Former writers do not mention the fact, but I think there must have been another
William Arnold, for on October, 1566, administration was granted in the Consistory Court to William Arnold, of Cromer, to his son William, who was probably the
William Arnold— "tha son" married twice— first, Prudence, daughter of Reginald Bowes, of Bedingham, Suffolk, and secondly, Margaret, daughter of Edward Rous, of Craneford. Suffolk.
He must have in some way parted with his life interest in the manor, for v.-hen it was sold in 1581 by his son, he was not made a party to the fine.
He died (so says Norris) "in low circumstances" at Booton, having by his will, dated 10 May, 1586, and proved 9 July, 15S9, directed to be buried in the church there, before his stool ; to his daughters Margaret Arnolde, Kathn. Arnolde, Mary Arnoldc, and Prudence Arnolde, specific legacies, and to his daughter Anne Arnoldc ^^5, and other things ; to his cousin Will Reymes 4a. of land lying in his the said William Reymes' fold-course at Ovcr-
• Probably the Catherine Arnold whose brass was in the Church.
THE MANORS. 29
strond upon certain conditions, and whereas it did not appear that he had given his eldest daughter Gertrude Arnolde, nor his two younger sons anything, for their le,:^acies left them by Joan Harward,* he had already paid them, " which was more than he was able to do to his other children ; " to his daughter Prudence he gave 2 spoons, which were given to her by her godfather and god- mother, Mr. Thomas Grosse and the Lady Chadworth, of Rutland shire, and made his brother, John Rowse, and two of his sons, William Arnolde and Edmond Arnolde, executors, and !\Ir. Justice Windham and Mr. Ruggc, supervisors (Reg. Flack, 84b).
Richard Arnold^ the elder son of this William Arnold, together with his brothers William and Edmund, sold the manor of "Uffordys and Tomlyngs als. Tomlyns " (with ;^3 6s. Sd. annual rent, and other lands and faldage in Cromer als. Shipden, X. Repps, Roughton, Felbrigg, and Overstrand) for £^0), to Robert Underzi'ood, gent, and ^Margaret his wife (Feet of Fines, ]\Iichs., 22 — 3 Eliz.).
I do not know what became of Richard, but expect that his brother, William Arnold, son of William Arnold, of Booton, was
the William Arnold who married Wheatley, and is a legatee
of property in N. Creake, under the will of Arthur Wheatly, of Holkham, gent, died 1600, who also mentions Francis Arnold and Wheatley Arnold, probably his nephews (Reg. Gardiner, 218a).
Robert Underzuood, as we have seen, bought the manor of Undenvaod's^ Richard Arnold in Michs., 22 — 23 Eliz.-f*
He was the son (see X. Erpingham, p. 19S) of James Underwood, of Bixley, by Margaret Bov/er, and married Margaret, daughter of Edmund Lumnor, of ]\Iannington.
His will is dated 2 ]\Iarch, 1587, and by it he directs his body to be buried in Cromer Church, and gave his wife a life interest in the manor and other property, charged with an annuity to his eldest son, /^rw^i- Undcricood. He also mentions his son Thomas and his daughter Kathcrine, to whom he left ^,"200 each.*
• It will be remembered that his grandmother was a Ilerward of Albur^^h.
f He also bought land in Larniiigham and Cromer, Ilil., 25 Elizabeth, of John Dodge, Esq.
X Blomefield makes out that Robert Underwood being dead, his son Samuel died without iisue, and Catherine, the latter's sister, inherited, .ind brought it by marriage to William Hobart, gent., of Metton, " who was lord in 1615 ; " but I cannot reconcile this with the facts I have given in the text.
30 CROMER, PAST AND RRESENT.
His son James was alive in Michs., 13 James I. (1616), when he was a party to a fine in X. Repps, and in 17 James I., when he bought land of Sir Richard Grcsham in Roughton.*
He made his Vvill d. 29 Au.::^ust, 1631, as follows: —
He directed his body to be buried in the parish church of Cromer, according to the will and appointment of his executrix, and gave to the poor and the Church of Cromer £s> to be equally divided between them, and mentioned that his estate was but small, and that his wife " was one than whom there was none better." He gave to Ann.f his wife, his manor of UiTord als. Ermer's, in Cromer, Ronton, Fclbrig, Roughton, and Xorthrepps, to her and her heirs for ever, together with all his messuages, lands, and tene- ments, freehold and charterhold, and directed that if his estate could not perform what he owes and gives, then his wife may sell the manor of Ufford, Witnesses — Richard Herrick, Robert Baxter, and James Davye. This will was proved 21 Sept., 1631,1! by his relict, who mai;ried, secondly. Sir George Wyndham, sixth son of Sir John Windham of Orchard Windham, Somerset, an adherent of the Commonwealth, being Commissioner for raising the assess- ment under Fairfax, in 1644. Vyndham's A fine of the manor v.-as levied Tria, 13 Charles I. (1637), by °°^'. ''°™"'y which Sir George Wyndham and Anne his wife, and Fras. Symonds, gent., and Katherine his wife (probably joined as , sister and heiress of James Underwood, to prevent questions), sold the manor for ^^40 to Sir Edward Havers, knight and bart., Thomas Wyndham, Esq., and Ambrose Sheppard, gent., who were prob- ably the trustees of the Wyndham settlement (Feet of Fines, Trin., 13 Charles I.).
After her death, Sir George Wyndham seems to have married Frances, daughter and heir of Frances Davy,* who was the daughter of William Hobart, of Metton, by Catherine Underwood, the daughter of Robert Under.vood, the purchaser of the manor from Arnold, which Catherine is said to have been daughter and heiress of his brother James. Sir George died 27 November, 16C3, his son and heir being
* Feet of Fines, N. Erpin^ham, p. 574.
t Daughter of Godfrey.
J By her husband James, sen of Sir Henry Davy (Blomefield). ii Regr. Peri;all, fo. lOS.
THE MANORS. 31
Francis Wyndham, who married Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Darcll, and had issue Francis, Joseph, and James.
Francis WyndJiam was father of
Thomas WyndJiain* of Clearwell, Gloucester, the father of John Wyndham, of Cromer (the younc^er son of his father, and I presume heir to a brother William, who Blomeficid says was heir in 1765), who died 26 April, 1763 (1765 ?), ac^cd 32. He married Elizabeth (daughter of Richard Dalton, by Ivlary, daughter of George Wrighte\ who died 19 January, 1785, aged 58, and was father of
George Wyndham, of Cromer Hall, born 1766 (?), and died i (3 ?) January, iSio, aged 48, having by his wife :\Iarianne, daughter of Col. Philip Bacon, had issue {i.a>j,
George Thomas WyndJiam, of Cromer Hall, who was married twice, first, to Maria Augusta, second daughter of Vice-Admiral William Windham, of Felbrigg (the grandfather of "mad" Wind- ham), and afterwards wife of William Viscount Listowel. By his first wife he had issue,
George Thojhas Wright Wyndham, born 21 Sept, 1828, and died 27th Feb., 1S37, an infant.
By his death the manor passed to his sisters. Lady Macdonald and Cecilia, the wife of Lord Alfred Paget, who with their -mother, the Countess of Listowel, soldf in 1S52 to Benjamin Bond Cabbcll, Esq., who, in his will, is described as of Dunard's Row, Dumbar- tonshire, N.B., and who also lived in Chapel Street, Edg\vare Road. He was a very eccentric man, and was the third son, born 178 1, of
♦ Among the papers belonging to J. J. Colman. Esq.. M.P., which he kindly lent me, was the account of Richard Ellis, steward of this manor, with Thomas Wyudham, Esq.,
1745-174S.
It is not particularly interesting, but there are pa)Tnents for two men planting trees, for 100 bindings round trees, for cutting thorns to fence the trees, for men thinning the groves, stopping gaps, planting trees in Burnt Hill, for 3 bushels of acorns, 3/-. Mr. William Cubilt's bills, £^ 135. od. and £,2Z iSs. 8d., way relate to an attempted sea defence.
On 12 September, 1747, is the entry, "Two men one day pulling down chancel pillar, 2/4."
Mr. BuUwer, schoolmaster, is mentioned in October, 1747.
These Wyndhams were no relations of the "mad" Windham of Felbrijrg, to whose ancestors, the Lukins, the property was left by William Wyndham, the statesman, and who assumed the surname. Of them and their history, I hope to treat some day in Felbrigg.
t The price of the whole estate was, I believe, ;{^65,coo, the bidders-up being the Buxtoas.
32 CROMER, PAST AND FRESENT.
Mr. George Cabbcll, of Vcrc Street, Oxford Street, by Mary, daughter of j\Ir. Thomas Bliss, wliose executor he was. He was educated at Westminster and Exeter College, Oxford. He was a Bencher of the Middle Temple, J. P. and D.L. for Middlesex and Norfolk, Sheriff for Norfolk, and M.P. for St. Albans in 1846, and Boston 1847. He died in 1874, being a very old man, and by his will, proved 23 December, 1874, left all his property to his cousin John Cabbell. "Sir. John Cabbell, a barrister, formerly of the West Indies, and in 1851 of Glasgow, assumed the additional name of Bond; and died 25 October, 1S7S, in his 71st year. He was a D.L. and J.P., and by his will, the manor passed to his widow, Mrs. Margaret Bond Cabbell (nee Dewar). for her life, with remainder to her son, Benjamin Bond Bond-Cabbell. I am informed that —
"The right to wreck of the sea and the right of sea beach have always been claimed by the owner for the time being of the Cromer Hall estate, as incidents belonging to the above-mentioned manors of Ufford's* Hall in Cromer, Beeston Regis, Beeston Prion-, and Sher- ringham Morley Hall, and at the time of the enquiry which was insti- tuted in or about the year 1S56, by the Board of Trade, under the Merchant Shipping Act, as to the rights of lords of manors to unclaimed wreck along the coast, certain documentary evidence was produced on behalf of the late Mr. Benjamin Bond Cabbell before the Commissioner holding the enquiry, from which he was satisfied of Mr. Cabbell's title to wreckage of the sea."
Cromer Hall, which is the manor house, is described in the " Norfolk Tour" as a " respectable old house." It was pulled down and rebuilt in 1827 by G. T. Windham, only, however, to be burned down in 1829. It was rebuilt in the very modern Gothic style, partly at the time and partly in 1S76. iii. De Beming- ..^ ^ Bcmuighain and Dc Bradenham Snbholding.
lam and de Bra- "^ "^
leuhais's.
The history of the subholding created by Richard de Berningham, the subtenant of Roger Fitz Osbert, out of the de Creyk manor (which he had acquired with his wife), is very involved.
These are the facts, as far as I know them :
Richard de Berningham* subinfeoffcd before 24 Henry III.,
• I do not know what became of his interest, or what we should now call his "im- proved ground rent."
THE MANORS. 33
"one-third" of a knight's fee to Wm. de Rradcnham and Roger do Reymes. This may be a mistake for " one-eighth," for in the Inq,, 20 Ed. III. (N. Erp., 191), "the one-eighth formerly held by Wm. de Bradenham and Roger dc Reymes" is referred to. In 17 Ed. II., it is, however, said to be one-fourth (see id. p. 190).
I should imagine that some sort of a partition or sale took place of this holding, whatever it was, for in 24 Hen. III.,
(^.) Wm. de Bradenham > ^^^ ^^^^ ^^_ Erpingham, p. 186), {b) Robert Tcbaut ( ^^ j^^^j one-eighth of a knight's
(..). Roger de Rc)-mes i ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^
(d.) Wm. Hervy
'£>"•
(a.) As to WiHiam de Bradenham, he is said at the same time to DeBraJenham hold one-eighth of a knight's fee separately of Richard de Berning- ham, and he of Roger Fitz Osbern (Inquis., 24 Hen. III., N. Erp., p. 187). Described as William fil' Walter de Bradenham, he sued Baldwin de Odingsclls in Shipden, see Patent Roll, 2 Ed. I., m 16, and 3 E*d. I., m 18. At the same time, Baldwin de Oding- sells was suing him in turn, and also Edmund de Egmere.
In 20 — 21 Edw. I., he and Isabel his wife granted to Magr. John de Bradenham, land in Shipden, N. Repps, and Overstrand, to hold of them as of fee (Feet of Fines, Norf., 20 — 21 Edw. I., No. 617).
His widow Isabel and his son William sold land to Hugh Tebaud (kinsman, no doubt, of his coparcener) in 18 Ed. II. (Feet of Fines, Ed. II., No. 994).
In 20 Ed. III., the one-eighth of a knight's fee, "which William de Bradenham and Roger de Reymes formerly held," is mentioned (Inquis., 20 Ed. III., N. Erp., 191), which would look as though the " one-third " mentioned above was a mistake.
(3.) As to Robert Tcbaut, I know no more, but Hugh Tebaut, probably his son, and others held another holding in Shipden, at the service of one-fourth of a knight's fee of John de Thorp, see no (Exch., 17 Ed. II., ist part, N. Erp., 190), and in the next year, 18 Ed. II., we have seen he bought land of Isabel de Bradenham and her son William.
In 20 Ed. III., he and others held one-eighth of a knight's fee of
De Thorp's manor.
34 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Robert de Bcnhalc*, and he of the Earl of Norfolk (20 Ed. III., N. Erp., p. 190).
In 3 Hen. IV. (1401), the heirs of Robert Tebald held a share of the one-eighth knight's fee (p. 193).
(c.) Roger dc Rcyvics, who held in 24 Hen. III., was no doubt ancestor of
Roger (dc) Rcymes, who held with others what is then said to be one-fourth of a knight's fee in 17 Ed. II. (Esch., 17th Ed. II., 1st part).
{d?) William Hervy,\\\\o held in 24 Hen. III., was probably a descendant of Hervy de Shypden, a witness to an early deed (N. Erp., p. 186).
Clement Hervy held a share in 23 Edward III., and probably settled it by fine (N. Erpingham, p. 191).
It has bpen suggested that this surname was a corruption of Herward. There certainly was a Clement Herward.
De Thorp's Manor.
John de Thorp, as mentioned before, claimed the de Creyk holding as kinsman and heir of ]\Iargery de Creyk.
In 35 Ed. I. (1305), he and his parceners held in fifteen villages, of which Shipden was one, thirteen and a half knight's fees of Roger Bigod (X. Erp., p. iSS).
By 17 Ed. II. (1324), he had subinfeoffed Roger Reymes, Hugh Tenant (Tebaut?), and others of a quarter knight's fee (Esch., 17 Ed. II., 1st part, N. Erp., p. 190).
Robert de Thorp would seem to have succeeded him, on his death, about 23 Ed. III. (1350)-
John de Thorp was found to be his son and heir (Eschaet, 2nd part, 23 Ed. III., No. 164, N. Erp., 191).
• I cannot trace this Robert de Benhale.
l«5(i7lG
THE MANORS. 35
(DOMESDAY MANOR, Xo. III.) Beaufoy's, or the Bishop's Manor.
This was given by William de Bcaufoy, Bishop of Thctford, to the see of Norwich.
It seems to have been subinfcoffed directly or indirectly to the family of de Egmere,* for in 24 Hen. III. (1239— 1240), Robert de Egmere held one-fourth of a knight's fee here of the Bishop of Norwich.
In 1275, Edvvardf de Egmere claimed frank pledge and assize of bread and beer here (Rot. Hund., see N. Erp., p. 1S7).
In 1287, John de Egmere defended his right to the same (Quo warranto, id. p. 18S).
In 1347, it was found that the Bishop of Norwich held one- fourth of a knight's fee here of the king, that John Leche held of him, and Robc-rt de Egmere of John Leche, "which Robert de Egmere formerly held" (Inquis., 20 Ed. III., id. p. 190).
In 1401, Walter de AUington held one-fourth of a knight's fee of the Bishop of Norwich (Inquis., 3 Hen. IV., id. p. 193).
It was the subject of a suit in the 37 Elizabeth (No. 1S4), be- tween John Blowfeld, of Cromer, gent, and Thomas Baxter of the same place, gent, and Robert Doughty and Henry Playford. The bill recites that the Bishop being seized of the manors of Thur- garton, Thwayte, and Cromer, let the same by deed, dated the 17th Elizabeth, for twenty-one years, at forty marks yearly, to Thomas Grene— that Grenc on Blowfyld marrying his "dafter" assigned such lease to him— that Bishop Scambler " by the evill counsell " of some, not only put out Blowfield from his quiet enjoyment, but intended to make frustrate the copyhold tenement of the said Baxter, under color that he paid his rent to Bloficld, and for fur-
• There is a confusion possible here, for in 15 Hen. VIII., Ufford's manor, in Cromer, was said by the inquis. post mortem on William Arnold, to be held of the Prior of Wal- singham, as of his manor of Egmere. But I cannot help thinking this an error. I find no other entry of the Prior in connection with Cromer, and I am probably right in de- scribing Ufford's manor as held under the Bigod fief. On the other hand, Ufford's Hall, otherwise Egmere's, is now the title of the Cabbell's chief manor.
t Edmund (?) see a deed same date witnessed, i.a., by Henry de Schypdene and his son Nicholas (N. Erp., p. 186).
36 CRO>rER, PAST AND PRESENT.
ther vexation did make one estate thereof to one Robert Doughtye, Henry Playford, and Robert Fayer, only to vex the said Baxter. Doughty and Playford's answer begins by abusing the plaintiff Blowfield, who they say is a man who by the space of twenty years or thereabouts, has been very contentious against his neigh- bours, or such others as have had any business to do with him.* They then allege that the lease to Greene was utterly bad at law — that Greene fell in arrear with his rent, and agreed to surrender, the Bishop remitting him i^So, and that he did surrender at Thur- garton Court, on the iS or 19 Elizabeth, and was continued only as steward,
I do not know how the action ended.
The Bishop of Norwich seems to have had other interests in Cromer, e.g., in 12S2, William, Bishop of Norwich, had a charter (of release }) from Rcmigius, son of Wm. de ]Meulings, of certain knight's fees {i.a, in Shipedcn), which he held of the Bishop and the Church of Norwich (Abb. Flacit., pp. 202—3).
Again it appears that in^5i Ed. III. (1378), William de W>ch- ingham and others held land in ii.a?) Cromer of the manor of Hockering, which was one of Bishop Beaufoy's manors (Esch., No. 32, N. Erp., p. 191).
(DOMESDAY ?vIANOR, No. IV.) St. Benet's Manor, or Shipden Abbots.
Of this manor, held at the time of Domesday by the Abbot of St Benet's at Holme, Le Neve sa}-s, in his notes (N. Erp., p. 192), that it is " now in the sea."
Very little is known of its history. In 19 Hen. III. (1234), Sir Peter de Alto Bosco (Hautbois) released to the Abbot all his right here (Regr. of St. Benet's, fo. 66, N. Erp., 1S6).
In 3 Ed. I. (1275), it was found that the Abbot held it of the king in capite (Rot. Hundred, N. Erp., 1S7).
In 20 Ed. III. (1247), it was found that the Abbot held a certain homage here of the king in capite (Book of Aids).
♦ There may have been some foundation for this, see the action he brought about Cromer pier later on. In this action, too, Thomas Ea.\ter's name also appears.
THE MANORS. 37
At the dissolution it seems to have been c^ranted to the Bishop of Norwich, and in 3 and 4 Phihp and Mary, Robert Allen was bailiff of it, as appears by the Audit Roll of Bishop Hopton, Michs., 3 and 4 Fhilip and Mary (X. Erp., p. 194).
For an entry as to the Abbot of St. Benet's and William Arnold, of Cromer, sec Regr. Godsalve, fo. 251b.
There were several other manors here, no doubt subenfeoffcd of one or other of the foregoing, but not now to be traced by me. They were : —
V. The Duchy of Lancaster's Manor (probably a part of Bigod's Cr manor).
Wi'l/iam dc Warren (son and heir of John, Earl Warren, v.'ho died 14 Ed. I., v. p.), married Joan, daughter of Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and is said to have died, seized of the manor of Cromer and Beeston, and to have left John his son and heir (N. Erp., p. 188).
Blanch (descendant of William de Warren) married John of Gaunt, and this manor of which I know very little, afterwards passed with the Duchy.*
In 1604, Sir Edvjard Coke held a Court here, and so continued till 1634 (Robert Bulleyn being steward), when Edward Dichfield, John Heiglord, Humphrey Clarke, and Francis ]Mosse were lords.
In i6SA,John Fielder and Edward Fielder held a Court, and in 1663, Sir Thomas Rant held his first Court. He was third son of Dr. William Rant, of Yelverton, and dying in 1671, was buried in Thorpe Market Church.
Sir William Rant held his first Court in 1676. One of his daughters married Robert Britiffe,\ Esq., of Baconsthorpe, who was lord in 1731 — 1739, whose daughter and heiress married Harbord Harbord, Esq., formerly Cropley, the father of Sir William Morden Harbor dy bart., who was lord in 1750.
• See Duchy of Lancaster proceedings, 6 Edw. VI., vol. 6, c. 12, as to embezzlement of the goods of an outlaw.
t The Britiffes had bought land in Cromer as early as 1663 {see Fine No. 77). Edmond Britiffe was of Town Berningham, in 1624 {N. Erp., p. 517). The family was afterwards at Plumstead.
38 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Sir Harbord Ilarbord. bart., held his first Court in 1773, and since then the manor has passed with the rest of Lord Suffield's estates, the manor of Cromer Gunnors next mentioned going with it
VI. Cromer Gunnors Manor [sometimes Giggs' and Inglond's].
I am told by the steward that in 1530 it was called Shipden ex parte Gunnors, and afterwards Heydon's and Robkinge's.
The first I know of this is that John Gunnor* sold it to Robert Gygges, of Sparham, as mentioned in the latter's will, dated 1534, and proved i May, 1535, where he describes it as lying in the towns of Cromer, Felbrigg, and Runton. He left it to his wife Alice for life, and after her death he directed it to be sold by his executors, viz., Thos. Clerc, of Acle (his son-in-law), and Thos. Boley (Boleyn ?) (Reg. Attemere, 25). [Sir] Thomas Clere, mar- ried Anne Gygges (died 1570J, the daughter and heiress of this Robert Gygges (Farrer^s Church Heraldry, i. p. 342).
" Mr. Clere " (no doubt the son-in-law) was said to have a manor here in 1535 (see Regr. Godsalve, 251b), and on the death of Sir Thomas Clere m 1553, this manor was found by his inquisition to be held by him of William Arnold, Esq., as of his manor of Arnold's, at 3s. 4d., and to have been late of Richard Bylke, clerk. His son and heir was Charles, aged 33.
The manor was no doubt the subject of the fine, Xo. 47 (see Appendix), when in 1555, John Baron, clerk, sold to Thomas Robkyn and others.
Some time before 1572, Thovias RobJ:ingc,\ seems to have held it, and it seems to have passed through his widow Cecilia (who
* The Gunnors were of E, Beckham, where they held the manor of Isaacs, as well as land in Shipden. William Gunnor left a widow Cecilia, who was alive in 5 Ed. IV, (1465), see N. Erp., p. 34, and had a son, Simon Gunnor. The latter, in 148 1 and 1484, sold land in Cromer to the Wyndham family {see copies of Charters in possession of the Steward of Cromer Gunner's).
This son was Simon Gunnor, probably father of the John who sold this manor to Robert Giggs, who had also bought the E. Beckham manor.
t He was the Thomas Robkin who died 155S, seized of Westwick, leaving by Cecilia his wife, a son and heir, Thomas. He probably held Cromer Gunnors by right of his wife only.
THE MANORS. 39
afterwards married William Bcckc),* and whose kinsman and heir, John Ynglonde, held his first Court in 15 Elizabeth (1572).
In 1576, Sir Christopher Hcydon was lord, and in 1581, he was succeeded by William Heydon, Esq., who held a Court, and was in turn succeeded by Dame Anne Heydoii, who was followed by Thomas T lie t ford, gent., in 1600.
In 161 1, Thomas Blofcld, Esq., held a Court.
In 16 14, Thomas Baxter was lord, and held his first Court.
In 1621 (Trin., 18 James I.), the manor was the subject of a fine between him and Thomas Blofeld, and see Fine 74.
In 1697, ElizabctJi Bodham, of Swaffham, spinster, was lady of the manor, and gave it with the manor and advowson of Overstrand to her kinsman, Nathaniel Life.
This gives us a clue to how the manor came to her, for Blome- field speaks of Overstrand being sold by Air. Reymes to Thomas Baxter, who gave it to his sister's son, Thomas Bodham, who in turn gave it to his sister, no doubt this Elizabeth.
In 1727, Natlianiel Life died, leaving three children, Philip, Elizabeth, and* Alary, of whom Philip was his son and heir, aged sixteen, and who, in 1738, suffered a recovery.
By his will he left his estates to his son, Cessar Life, who was twelve years old when his father died, and who held his first Court in 1748. He died intestate and without issue, in 1763, leaving his Aunt Alary, the wife of Humphrey Rant, Esq., of Ipswich, his heiress.
The Court was held in the name of Humphrey Rant, in 1773, and in December, 1773, he and his wife concurred in a fine to give her the right to devise. She was a widow in 1778, when she held a Court, and died at her house in Ipswich, iSth Alay, 1781.
Under her will, the manor passed to the Rev. George Betts, of Wortham, Suftolk, with remainder to his son, Edmund Betts, who, in 1805, settled the manor on Alaria Drury, of Erpingham, spinster, his intended wife. By his will, dated 1806, he confirmed the settlement, and gave her a life interest, with remainder to his father, the said George Betts. He having died, his widow and father sold to the Gunton Estate Trustees, and in 1S15, William
* The heiress of William Becke of S. Repps, married Edward Bulwer of Geistwick, Blomefield viii., page 322.
40 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Asslieton, Lord SiifficU, held his first Court, and it hois shicc gone with Cromer Lancaster.
In 1764, there seems to have been a dispute about the boundaries between this and Cromer Lancasters,
For a sight of these depositions in the action I am indebted to Mr. Colman. Shortly put, they come to this : —
Richard Payne,* of N. Repps, aged 88, in 1764, deposing that he entered the service of Thos. Bodham when he was ten years of age, and that when about twenty years old, he was made bailiff of the manor, and that he had in his custody two rentals, one for 1701, and the other for 1703. He remembered that about sixty years since a ship laden with deals struck upon the shore at Over- strond, and was wrecked there ; that five of the deals came on shore to the westward of the post by the beck, the boundary be- tween the manors of Cromer Lancaster and Cromer Gunnors, and between that place and another place near Gigler's Court, where a post then stood on a rock to mark the boundaries of Cromer Gunnors ; that ]\Irs, Bodham, the lady of the manor, ordered Philip Caston, hQr servant, to take them for her use, which he did, and deponent showed Caston the boundaries by her direction. He also remembered two dwelling-houses standing against Cromer churchyard, which have been many years since washed "down clift," both of which were copyhold of Cromer Gunnors, for which he received quit rent ; also another dwelling-house, called the White Lion, situate to the westward of }vlr. Ellis' present gangway, which is washed "down clift," and also belonged to the said manor.
John Ransome.f of Cromer, aged -jj, who had lived at Cromer all his hfetime, remembered sixty years since a post standing on the rocks west end of the church\-ard to the sea shore, which post was to divide the manor of Cromer Gunnors from Mr. Wyndham's manor.
Also that all the " Coys " used by the fishermen were before the pier of Cromer was begun — u-hich was about thirty-two years since — situated on the west side of the boundary post.
* His is an old name here. John Paj-ne was of Cromer in 37 Hen. VHI,, and in 5 Ed. VI. This will was provcxl in 1550. t Robert Ransom was of Cromer in 1545. The name also occurs as Raunson.
THE MANORS. 4 1
The dispute seems to have come to a head in 176S, when another memorandum from the same collection speaks of a cause being tried at the Norwich Assizes, 27 July, 176S, between :\Ir. Wyndham, of Cromer, and I\Ir. Brooke, of N. Repps, concerning the manor of Cromer Gunners, that Mr. Brooke acted for Mr. Rant (then the lord of the manor), and that it was given in favour of Mr. Wyndham. Richard Payne, who was then ninety, had died about three years, but his son, Thomas Pain, gave evidence that his said father, fifty-eight years before, had seized wreck and carried it to Overstrand Hall, and that on the 20 r^Iarch, 1764, by the order of Mr. Humphrey Rant,* one Tames Howes, set a post down below the foot of the bank, by the direction of him, Pain, as a boundary post between the manor called Ufford's Hall and Cromer Gunners. UiTord's Hall to the west, and Cromer Gunners to the east, as far as the east beck, and that such post was set well inside the rail boundary, so that no dispute should arise, and that the distance from the boundary post to the east beck was three hundred yards, and that the lands next the bank or clift that pay either quit or free rent, pay it to the manor of Cromer Gunners.
On the other hand, Wyndham's witnesses were numerous and staunch. Henry Swan said that the pieces of wreck about which the suit was commenced, came to shore between the two becks.
Robert Everardf said that between the two becks was always called Mr. Wyndham's manor — being asked if ]\Irs. Wyndham "ought" (owned?) house and land, or land next the east beck, answered no ; more than once afterwards recollected she had, and it was proved to be held of the manor of Cromer Gunners, which land is next the bank and reaches the sand ; then afterwards he proved several houses in Cromer to pay to the manor of Ufford's Hall, though not one next the " clift." Being asked if Mr. Brook had any land next the clift between the two becks, answered "no" (none), which can be proved have to pay to Cromer Gunners (for) the house of ]\Iatt. Swan, which Mr. Everard mentioned to pay to Ufford's Hall, is to the southward of Mr. Brooke's land " that pay to Cromer Gunners."
• William Rant was of Hanworth, 14 Henry VHI.
t ThLs is a very old name here indeed. Barthoijraew Everard was a witness to a deed in X396. Ricliard Everard was here in 1551, and Robert Everard's uill was proved in i6js.
F
42 CROMER, PAST AND TRESENT.
Anthony DitchcU* and Matthew Swan.f who said that between the two becks was always called 'Sir. Wyndham's manor. John Ransom spoke to takinj^ up some deals which came ashore between the becks to Mr. Wyndham, who g;a.ve him 6d. per deal, and the scribe, who was for Brooke, argued in a note that this was evidence they could not have been his, or he would not have bought them ; and writes of Ransom, "he is a person of a bad character — witness for Mr. Brooke," whom he seems to have thrown over. Easter (Esther) Stonham gave hearsay evidence as to what Richard Pain had said about Cromer Gunners' manor extending from the east beck to a post to the west of the west beck, opposite the east part of Gigler's Croft.
John Jewell,^ aged sixty-eight years, remembered the old boundary post when a boy. Always heard that from that post to the east beck was called Mr. Life's manor, and that a ship was driven ashore near that post which parted UiTord's Hall and Cromer Gunners, and that Mr. Wyndham had two-thirds, and the owner of Cromer Gunners one-third (^^40).
Joseph and Thomas Rogers had heard their father say that between the two becks belonged to Air. Life.
The scribe adds a note here that between the two becks about sixty years ago, two houses stood near one another, both copyhold, and paid to the manor of Cromer Gunners ; one is proved, as per receipt, and the other was seized by the lord of the said manor and sold. The place where they stood was swallowed up by the raging of the sea, and down the clift about twenty or thirty years. One was Clement Atchcson's,'! the other Christopher Todd's.§ The scribe complains that whereas in the examination of Robert Everard, one of I\Ir. Wyndham's witnesses, he was allowed to mention a house almost in the farthest part of the town from the sea "that pay" (as paying?) to Ufford's Hall, Mr. Brooke's was not suffered to mention those next the cliff, nor those which were
• He died in 1769, aged 61, and is buried in the church, and an account of his family can be obtained from tlie inscription. The name is not a Norfolk one, and I expect he was an imported Ia\\7er or steward.
t This, too, is an old name here. Administration was granted in i6oi to the goods of Oliver Swan of Cromer.
t Edmund Jewell was of Trimmingham in 1663.
II His will was proved in 1 733.
§ H. Todd was of Cromer in 1672.
THE MANORS. 43
down. He mentions, too, apparently as a suspicious circumstance, that Mr. Harvey, of Cromer, who took some wainscot up between the two becks about seven years ajo, was paid for the same by Everard, the steward, about a month since only, and that Philip Allen, of Cromer, who took up a Dutch rudder about seven years ago, was only paid by Everard on the 26 July, 1768, "which was the same day JMr. Everard and the other witnesses went to Nor\vich to the Assizes."
He winds up with a statement, " as for saying I\Ir. Richard Ellis farmed the manor from Sherringham to the east beck at Cromer, under Mr. Wyndham, of Cromer, (it) is not legall (? capable of legal proof), Mr. Wyndham's do not extend that distance."
With the papers are many plans, no doubt used on the trial.
Vn. Cromer Tomlins — as to this, see Cromer Arnolds, it being held with it by William Arnold, in 1472.
Vni. Cromer Ropers is also said to occur.
Besides these manors and so-called manors, those of Overstrand, Felbrigg, Beeston Regis, Beeston Priory, and South Repps, Bro- siards, are all said to have lands in the parish. There is also a statement in Druery's Yarmouth (page 125), that the manor of Scratby came tvith Cromer to the Lords Beaumont, and was, on the attainder of Lord Viscount Beaumont, granted in 19 Ed. IV. to Anthony, Earl Rivers.
There were also other estates, e.g:, Sir John de Reppcs, in 47 Ed. HI. (1373), left tenements in Shipden and Cromer with a mill and villeins to his nephew, John de Plumstead, and his heirs (N. Erp., p. 1 90-
CHAPTER III. ■gBe g)C6 ^rai)ers anb "gownsmen.
The first time we hear of Shipden in connection with trade is in 1285, when Edward I., by charter* dated at Westminster, 12th May, 13 Edward I., granted to Nicholas de Weylond, then lord of the manor, a weekly market to be held on Fridays, and a yearly fair to last for eight days, beginning with the Vigil of the Feast of the Translation of Sl Edward.f As quoted in the 3rd Rep. of Historical MSS. Commission, p. 237, the grant would seem to have been somewhat different.
By 1337. the sea had m.adc great inroads on the coast by Shipden, the greater part of the churchyard had been for twenty years wasted by the sea, and the church threatened to fall into ruin from the same cause.:}: This, however, could not have injured the trade of the place much, for the Subsidy Roll taken for Norfolk in 1333,11 shows that Shipden was then inhabited by many well-to-do merchants, the total rating being 49s. iid., of which Alan fil' Galfridi paid 63., Isabel Tebald 3s., Clement Hervey 3s., Robert Mosse 2s. 6d., John Waryn 2s. 6d., Thos. Draper 2s. 2d., Alan Reymund 2s. 2d., William Smith 2s., William Leman, 2s., and 27 others, lesser sums.
In 1350, the bailiffs of Crowemerc had a close letter directed to them, ordering them not to permit the exportation of corn, except
• Vide Charter Roll, 13 Ed. I., No. 102, and Patent Roll, 4 H. VI. (2nd part), m 13, printed iti Appendix //., p. xiii.
t The only fair now held is a pleasure fair on Whit Monday.
X Inq. ad. quod damn. lo Ed. III., No. 29 (2nd numbers), and Patent Roll, 10 Ed. III. (1st part), iTi 26.
II Subsidy Roll, Norfolk, 6 Ed. III., ^^^ printed in Appendix.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 45
to Calais,* and in 1355, a similar letter was directed to them, order- ing them not to let ships leave their port.
A few years later (1358), the merchants of Cromer were con- sidered of sufficient importance to be mentioned with those of Snyterle.t Wyvcton, Clay, Salthouse, and Shiringham, in a Patent of Edward Ul.,+ directed to the bailiiTs of Blakcncy/l then appa- rently the head-quarters of the fishery on the north coast of Norfolk ; which gives the merchants of these six towns who traded in fish but did not own ships, free license to buy fish (apparently at Blakeney), provided that the other (Blakcney ?) merchants should not be disturbed or the price of fish raised.
These Letters Patent recite some ordinances formerly made by the King and the Council about the fish trade, and are altogether so curious, that I perhaps may be pardoned for my digression if I refer to their purport, though they do not directly relate to Shipden or Cromer.
It seems it had formerly been ordained that no fish should be delivered or carried out of ships to any house, &c., until the masters of the ships had settled its price with the m.erchants, and that no master of a ship, mariner, &c., should keep any fish in their houses for sale, by wholesale or retail ; the object of these provisions being, as it is said, that the fish should be sold at a reasonable price within the bounds, and at the fairs mentioned therein. But it seems afterwards to have struck the legislators that though they had provided for the protection of the merchants against the fisher- men, the latter were unprotected against any combination of the former, who, " by conniving among themselves, might seek to drive the fish to too low a price which the fisherman could agree to take without too great a loss," and who might, by simply refusing to treat for purchase, have kept the mariners riding at anchor till their cargoes rotted under them, and they were driven to take inadequate prices. Another blunder of the previous regulation
• Rymer's Feed, iii., part I, p. 207.
+ Snitterly is said to have been tiie old name for Blakeney. I fancy it bore the same re'ation to it as ShipJen did to Cromer, and was probably lost in the sea.
X Pat. Roil, 31 Edw. III., recited at length in Pat. Roll, II Hy. IV. (ist part), m 5, printed in Appendix I/., p. xi.
Q As to Blakeney fisheries, see Petitions to Parliament, No. 698—2069, and as to Bum- ham fisheries, No. 8779. The history of tlie fisheries of the northern coast of our county has yet to be written.
4^ CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
seems to have been, that if the fishermen had any surplus stock left after " the King's Purveyors, Noblemen's Purveyors, and the Merchants of Cities and other good Towns had made their great purchases," they were restrained from retailing it by parcels to the people, and it often remained so long on their hands that it putrefied.
To remedy these defects these Letters Patent gave the fishermen license— if they could not agree on a price within six days* after the ship came into port— to bring their fish ashore and sell it as best they might, and after the king's purveyors, &c., had made their great purchases, to carry the rest about to fairs and markets, and sell it there.
In 1361, the bailiffs of the town of Crowemcre were directed not to allow the export of falcons, and in 1364 of gold, silver, or jevvels.f
In 1363, the Blakeney merchants certainly seem by their conduct to have proved that the alteration mentioned on the last page was needed for the protection of the fishermen, for I find that in the- 37th Edward III., William de Witchingham and John de Berney were assigned:!: to see th^^ ordinance as to the sale of salt (?) fish duly kept at Blakeney, and by commission to enquire as to who had broken it, as it was alleged on petition that " jademeins les Mar- chanty Hostillers Regraters Forstallers 1 autre tielx si bien en Port^ come en Villes marchandes 1; aillours parmi la Terre engros- sent toutes manercs de ]\Iarchandises 1; Vitailles si bien stokfish saltfish vins cire 1 spicerie come autres " — and sell them for such price as they like to put, and what they buy for 1 2d. they sell for 3s. or half a mark. See. |
In 1374 {48 Edwai-d III.), the fishermen of Holkham, Wells, Blakeneye, Wyveton, Cla>-e, Salthous, Sheryngham, and Crowmere were specially exempted from a subsidy of 6d. in the £.^
About 13S0, it seems the fishermen of Blakeney and other adjacent towns and places in Norfolk, were often taken and
• This would seem to show the boats had wells, or some other contrivance to keep the fish alive.
t Rym. Foed. i.d., p. 72S.
t Parliament Rolls, 17 Edw. I., Petitions No. 15.
II For further particulars of Fishing Statutes see Palmer's Manship, vol. ii., p. 81, &c.
§ Rymer's Fa;d. iii., p. 1004.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWSSXiES. 47
arrested with their boats by the king's commissioners assigned to provide ships for voyages (I presume for warlike purposes), and they petitioned to Parliament, on the Monday next after the Feast of St Hilary, 3 Ric. II., alleging the great injury it did to them, and indirectly to the country, by spoiling the fisheries, and praying to be allowed to pursue their business quietly, especially as they knew nothing of navigation, but only lived by the art of fishing.
A favourable answer was given, which the king confirmed by his Letters Patent,* dated at Westminster, 23 Feb., 3 Ric. II,
In the following February (13S0), the king further protected them against this serious oppression by other Letters Patent.f dated at Westminster, 12 Feb., whereby he directs that the fisher- men of the ports of Blakeneye, Cleye, and Cromnere, and other villages and places adjoining, as their vessels and ships were fit for their business only, and not \\\ any way for transporting horses or warlike stores, &c., should not be interfered with unless on urgent occasion or necessity.
Next year (1381), the ships of the fishers of Blakeneye, Cleye, and Crowc7ncrc, and of adjacent places were specially exempted from a requisition. R^t. Franc, 4 Ric. II., m 18. Twelve ships from Cromer were, however, pressed in 1417 (5 Hen. V.) Rot. Xorman., p. 323—4-
Shortly before 1391, the inroads of the sea,:|: which had fifty years before swallowed up the church and churchyard, rendered the navigation so dangerous that a pier was commenced for the safety and defence of ships and (fishing) boats in the market or port called Crowmerc, as we are told in the preamble to certain Letters Patent, dated at Westminster, 2nd Dec, 14 Ric. II.,'| whereby the king granted to the men of Shipdcn the right of levying for five years certain duties on all merchandise coming to their port,§ in
• Pat. Roll, 3 Ric. II., 2nd part, m 18.
t Pat. Roll, 4 Ric. II., 2nd part, in 22.
X The history of the ravages of the sea on our Norfolk coast ought to be carefully written. I do not think it has been noticed before that there was once a manor of Markeslhorpe in this Hundred (Inq. p.m. of Bartholomew Entingham, 17 Ed. I., No. 10), and an Eidesthorp next Mundesley (Inq. p.m., 21 Ed. III., of John de Warren, No. 58), both of which are now lost ; unless the latter is Edingihorpe.
II Pat. Roll, 14 Ric. II. (2nd part), n\ 44.
§ The port, or harbour, is said by the fishermen to have been between Shipden and Cromer. The hill behind the present vicarage is said to have been called the Harbour HilJ, because by standing on it you could see the ships sail right into the harbour.
48
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
aid of making such pier. It will be seen from the following that the list of articles is a curious one, the chief imports apparently being herrings, salt, rygolds (? Riga boards), waynscot, and tunhot (all by the hundred), pitch and turpentine (in barrel), oil (in barrel), fir spars (by the hundred), dascclls (by the thousand), ferri (nails ? by the thousand), corn and malt, sea coal (by the chaldron), fish called "orgoys," lob, ling, and cod. Everything worth five shillings was liable to this duty, except wool, leather, skins covered with wool, lead, tin, and wine.
The following analysis will be interesting to my readers, who may advantageously compare it with the excellent earlier list of similar articles im.portcd at L}-nn, printed by ]\Ir. Richard Howlett, in the Norfolk Antiq. Miscellany, iii. p. 6oj.
From ever>' last of herring exposed for sale* vaga'\ of salt hundred of r>golds
„ wainscot
,, tunholt
barrel of pitch and turpentine barrel of oil . hundred of fir spars thousand of aascell
2d, ltd.
Zd. Id. kd. 4d. 2d., Id. Id. Ad. id. id.
quarter of corn and malt, of whatever sort
chaldron of sea coal
hundred offish, called " Orgoys," reckoned by lo score I2d. „ lob, ling, and cod . . . 6d.
boat laden with articles for sale . . .id.
horse laden with articles for sale . . ^d.
ship putting in with merchandise within the aforesaid 4d.
boat called "fissher," laden with merchandise putting in there . , . . . . id-
And from every other saleable article not specified above coming to the aforesaid town and market of the value of five shillings, except wool, leather, fleeces, lead, tin, and wine . . ^d.
On the 30th March, 1405, Robert Bacon, a mariner of Cromer,
• This is the full form of each entry. A l^si is twelve barrels of white herring, or twenty cades of red.
t A weight : e.^., " una zva^^a (? baga— bag) casei," Ducange,
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 49
is said to have captured* James.f the younger son of Kinj^ Robert of Scotland, who, while on a voyage from Scotland to France, was driven ashore near here by stress of weather and sent to London, where he remained a prisoner for nearly twenty years, becoming on his release James I. of Scotland.
This Robert Bacon must have been a mariner of mark, for to him is ascribed the discovery (by which I presume is meant the re-discovery for trading purposes) of Iceland.
In 1410, the merchants of Cromer and the five other towns before named, obtained fresh Letters Patent:|: from Menry IV., dated at Westminster, 12 February, 11 Hen. IV., setting out and confirming the former Letters of 13 58, granting them certain privileges.
In 1417, several Cromer ships were pressed for the king's use for voyages to France, as appears from an entry in the Priory Council Register as follows : —
" Licenses to return to England with their ships which had been taken to France for the king's use. License dated at Caen, ist September, 5 Henry V.
{i.a.) Rog'us Wrask (n) farccost vocat Trinite de Crowemere. Johes Clement (u) navis vocat La Trinite de Crowemere. Simon Fauconer (u) dogger vocat James de Crowemere. Wills Richeman (15 lodeship vocat Nicholas de Crowemere. Johes Ivlartyn ^ dogger vocat Mighcl de Crowemere. Johes Clement junior m farecost vocat Blithe de Crowe- mere, Robtus Game (ni lodeship vocat Petre de Crowemere. Johes Ostelcr @ dogger vocat Garland de Crowemere. Johes Tule;' (ni lodeship vocat Migheil de Crowemere. Wills Shinfield (u) lodeship vocat I^.Iarie de Crowemere. Adam Freman (n) collet vocat Katerine de Crowemere."
• The honour of the capture is said by the men of C!cy to belong to tliem. See N. and Q., S'.h Ser. i.\., p. 107, and re[)lies.
t It has been said that he was accompanied by a Steward, who became the ancestor of the Stywards of SwafTham, an 1 of Oliver Cromwell, for whom a royal descent was thus concocted, and swallowed i.a., by the easily-gulled Carlyle. This was, I think I may say, finally exploded in an artic'e I wrote in the Gimahgist of January, 18S5.
t Pat. Roll, II lien. IV, (ist part), m 5, printed in Appendix II., p. xi.
II Take I?).
G
50 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
William Crowmcrc, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1423, though said to have been of Kentish family (see Norf. Arch., vol. ii., p. 35) v.-as of this town, as he loft a legacy towards gilding its high altar (Register Luffenam, fo. 22"), as were probably Robert Crowmer, bailiff of Yarmouth seven times between 1470 and 1497, and Nicholas Crowmcrc, constable and porter of Pevensey.
On the 2nd July, 1426, Sir William Paston, the Lord of the Manor of Shippedcne, and Thomas Poye (his trustee ?), obtained a confirmation by Letters Patent of that date* of the market and fair granted in 12S5 to Nicholas de Weylond.
It has generally been stated that Cromer "was a chartered town, but that for a very long time the charter has been lost ; " and although I can find no trace of such a charter, it is noteworthy that in 1443, circular letters,-f- directing certain vessels to hasten to Portsmouth, were sent by the Privy Council to the mayors and bailiffs of Lynn, Yarmouth, and Cromer ; but this probably only meant the mayors of the two first-named places.
About this time " there have been many enemies against Yar- mouth and Crovicr, and have done much harm, and taken many Englishmen and put them in great distress and greatly ransomed
them.":;:
About 1449, it seems Richard Ernold (Arnold), of Cromer, had been having a dispute with Lord Molyns, for in one of the Paston letters, reference is made to a letter from Lord Molyns to Heydon, praying him to toll Arnold " that he was sory and evyl payd that his men maden up the afray up on hym, for he seyd it was not be his will that his men xuld make afray on noman in this contre with owth rytz grett cause." |
It was no time, indeed, for quarrelling amongst Englishmen on this coast, for in 1450, we hear in the same letters, that " ther ben " many enemys azcns Yermowth and Crowmer, and have don moche " harm, and taken many Englysch men and put hem in grett dis- "tresse and grcttely rawnsomnyd hem, and the seyd enmys been so "bold that they kom up to the lond and pleyn hem on Caster Sonds "and in other places as homely as they were Englysch men. Folks
• Pat. Roll, 4 Hen. VI. (2nd partt, n\ 13, printed in Appendix II., p. xiii.
t Proceedings and Orders of the Privy Council (Xicolas), vol. v., p. 279, 21 Hen. VI.
t Letter from M. Paston to John Paston, 12 March, 1449.— Paston Letters.
II Paston Letters i., p. Si.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 5 I
" been rytz sore afrcd that they wel don moche harm this somer, " but if (unless) thcr be made rytz grett purvyans azens hem."
About 1458, there is another reference to the same subject, Edmund Clcre reporting that he had heard from a soldier of Calais that Crowmer and Blakcney " is much spoken of among Frenchmen," and we read how " the king's safe conduct is not holden but broken as it is voiced here, and that will do no good to merchants till it be amended."*
It would seem as if there might have been some whaling going on from Cromer, for John Sparks' will of 1483, refers to his cottage called " Bloberhousc."
He was also a benefactor of the pier, for he left a legacy to place " great stones," to support it as a breakwater in fact.
In 1502 there must have been great rejoicings here, for the village found a second Lord Mayor of London in this year — Bartholomew Rede.
He was son of Roger Reed of this place, and descended from a family long settled here.f
The Lord ^Mayor was a great goldsmith, and in his own will, dated 9th October, 1505, did not forget his native place, for he founded the free school here, still managed by the Goldsmiths
• Paston Letters i., p. 425.
t It may be (taking the trade into consideration) that he was descended from John Read, who was a gold beater of Nor^vich in 1400— I (see my Calendar of Norwich Free- men). A Simon Reed was of Shipden, in 1429 and 1437, when he was mentioned in the wills of GeofFiey Keke and John Waryn, on those dates.
Isabel Reede, of Shipden alias Crowmere, died 1460, administtaiion being granted to (her son?) Roger Reed (Regr. Brosyard, fo. 176a).
This Roger Reed was the father of the Lord Mayor, and his will is dated iSth Novem- ber, 1470. In it he wiihcs to be buiieJ in the church, to the reparation and the high altar of which he leaves 2od. and 2s. respectively. To the reparation of the pier he gives 3s. 4d. , and will have a trental of St. Gregory and a priest to celebrate for the good ol his soul. After a few bequests to his wife Kalherine, his daughter Agnes, the wife of John Carre, and his five sons, Richard, William, Bzrtholomru}, John, and Simon, he leaves the whole of his residue to pious uses (Regr. Gelour, fo. 175b).
Catherine Rede, of Shypden, widow, the mother of the Mayor, by her will, dated 24 April, proved 18 October, wishes to be buried in tlie churchyard of St. Peter and St. Paul there, and mentions John, Simon, and Bartholomew her sons, directs a certeyn to be kept in the said church for three years for her soul, and the souls of Rcger Rede her husbatiJ, and of Richard Rede her said husband's father, and made Bartholomew Rede, her son, citizen and goldsmith of London, one of her executors (Regr. Norman, fo. 156).
John Rede's (probably Bartholomew's brother) will was proved 1500— 13.
52 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Company. Full particulars of the endowment will be found in the 8th Report of the Charity Commissioners, p. 323, and the subse- quent Report, vol. xxiii., p. 211. The terms of his endowment were quaint, viz., that the master was to be a priest, cunning in grammar, who should say mass for his soul once a year in the church, and to diligently teach gentlemen's sons, poor men's sons, and other good men's children of Cromer and the villages around.
About this time disputes seem to have arisen about the sea- jurisdiction here. It seems that the "oar," the token of office, and the books of register were taken away from Lord Scales' men by a great multitude of Lord " Rossy's," and that Lord Scales was -off to the Prince of Wales to pray for redress, saying "that Per Deum ' Sanctum,' he schal be amrel, or he shal ly thereby" (which I pre- sume means that he will be admiral, or perish in the attempt), the letter writer from whom we get this information adding, " Be me feyth here is a coysy (unsettled) world."*
It would seem that the jurisdiction was deemed as belonging to the Duchy of Lancaster, but that sometime in the reign of Hen. VIII. (1509— 1547), one Malachy, "by colour that he is deputy to the Vice- Admiral," took on himself to hold Adm.iral Courts within Cromer — probably it was at one of these Courts that Lord Rossy's men broke in and captured the oar, which I believe is the symbol of power of the admiralty.
Sir Edmund Wyndham, as deputy to the Earl of Surrey, who was High Steward of the King's Haven Courts in Cromer, " being parcel of his Duchy of Lancaster," presented a petition to the Chancellor of the Duchy praying for redress. The petition is curious, so I append it.
To the Right Honorable Willm Erie of Hampton Lord P'vey Seale and Chaunceler of the Kyng's Duchye of Lancasteer.f
In Right Humble wyse Shewiih unto yor good Lordship Edmond Wynham Knyght depulie to the right honorable Henry Erie of Surrey High Stuard of the Kyngs Haven Courts in Cromer in the Countye of Norff Beyng parceli of his Duchye of Lancaster that where the Kyngs Highnes hath alweis tyme oute of mynde kept Haven Courts wMn the said Town as in parceli of his said Duchye and hath hadd the walk & perambulacon of the Haven ther wt punysshement of all suche transpases & offences as be comytted and don wtin the pre-
• Paston Letters i., p. 497.
+ Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, tenjp. Hen. VIIL, toI. vi., n.d.. No. 17.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 53
cyncte of the land (?) & lymytts of the said Town i Haven Inquyreable in Haven Courts ther and also C said sov'ayne Lord is and hath been always intitled by reason of his said Duchye to such amerciaments and paynes forfeyted as have ben affcreyed or sett w^in the said Court
Nev'theles so it is that now of late on Malachy by
color that he is deputie unto the Viceadmyrall hath takyn upon hym to kepe Admyral Courts Win the same Town where non hath ben used to be kepe byfore and therby dothe constrayne the Kyngs tenants th.er to appere byfore hym and to Inquere of those trespases and offences (That the Kyngs Highnes hath alweys hadd the Inquere and punysshe- ment of By reason of his said Haven Courts) to the grett unquyenes ' and vexacon of the Kyngs tenants ther and also in dcrogacon of the Kyngs said Haven Courts and to the disenheritance of his Highnes in that behalf It may therfor please yo'' good lordship the premysses considered to grante the Kyngs letters under his prevy Seale of his
said Duchye to be directed to the said Malachye com-
aundeyng hym by the same personally to appere byfore yo^ good lordship at Westm' in the Kyngs Duchye Chamber ther at a certeyn daye and under a certeyn payne by yow to be lymytted than and ther to answere to the premisses and further to obey suche order & directon therin as by yor good lordship shal be thought reasonable for the preservacon of the Kyngs Right & title in the premysses w' the quyetyng of his tenants.
V
Nor was it only in maritime matters that the Duchy of Lan- caster jurisdiction was queried and denied. Sometime in the reign of Henry VIII., one, John Cecylion, of Crowmer, obtained a privy seal from the Chancellor of the Duchy against Robert Harward, of Alborough (no doubt one of the Cromer family of that name), and sent his son William Cecilyson to serve it, who found Harvvard in the parish church of Alborough, in the presence of all the parish, there being a drinking."* William presents the document to Robert with " The king's grace greets you well, and sends you this." Robert asks, " Whose servant are ye ? " and gets reply, " The king's." Whereupon Robert " took him a great blow on the ear with his fist," and cast the privy seal on the ground and broke it. The parson of Thurgarton picks up the privy seal, and rebukes Robert, exhorting him to be better advised. But v/hat more he did William cannot tell in his petition for redress, for he "durst no longer abide for fear of more beating." All this I get from the Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, Henry VIII., vol. 4, n.d., c 10. The document is curious, so I print it whole.
• A "clmrch ale," no doubt.
54 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
To Ser Raff Varncr Chauncelor of our sou^en lord the Kyng in he duchy of lancasi'' and to all he lorde of ye same Counsell.
Mekely and lamentably shewith onto yo^ lordshyppe your por Orator Will'm Cecylyson the son of John Cecylyson of Crowiii that wher ye forseid John he h'au opteynyd of yo"" lordshyppe a piuy Scale for on Rotit Harward of Alborough Gentyhiia the vvhych p'uy Seale the forseid Wiltm yo^ Orator delyw'-^yd the seid p'uy Seale to ye seid Rott Harward the last day of August in the p'sent yer in the pisch Chyrch of Alborough be forseid in the (isens of alle the pysch y being w' many mo? creature y' tyme The? being a drynkkyng And ye seid Wiltm yat same season hauyg thes same worde yat foloweth to ye forseid Rot3t The Kyngge g^ce gret you wele And send you thys delysv-^yng hym ye p'uy Seale And yan ye same RoBt askyng the seid Wiltm whos s'^^uant ar ye And he answerd seying the Kyngge And than he toke hym on the Eer \vt he ffyst a gret blowe And kyst the P'uy Seale vyolently upon ye grounde and brake it The pson of Thorougharton y being j^sent toke up the p'uy Seale And exhorted hym to be bett a vysed And what he ded moi' in the Matei^ I can not telle, for I durst no leng^ a bide for fief of moi^ betyng, wherfor yo^ seid Orator beseketh your Inghnes yes ^misses tena ly to consyd And in consideracon whei^of thefin to do as ryght good consciens shal requei^ And your seid Orato' shal pray to god for your prosperous Astatt long to enduf
In 152S, there was another scuffle of the same sort Christopher Pcrne, the bailiff of the Duchy, complained that having a process to arrest John Byrdc, the elder, and John Byrdc, the younger, of Cromer, to answer a plea of trespass at the suit of one George Berton, he appointed one William Harlewyn, to arrest them ; but they " being under the arrest with force and arms," that is to say, with two great iron " hambcrs,"* assaulted and beat the s*^ William Harlewyn to the danger of his life, had he not been rescued by the inhabitants (Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, Hen. VHL, vol. 3, part i). The whole document runs thus: —
Too the Right honorable Sir Thomas Moore Knyght Chauncelor of the Duchie of Lancastere.
In most humble wyse Complayneth and shewethe vnto yo"" honorable M^shypp yor dayly Orato"- Cristofer Perne baylyrt of the seid duchie in the Countiez of Norff Suffolk and Cambrigc shier that where it be- longcth and of Right appteyneth vnto yo^ seid Oratour by Reason of
• Hample trees, or hamel trees— the bars by which horses draw a plough?
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN.
55
hys seid oftice to have Retcnne of all maii of the Kynge wr>'tte and pees of the luwe and due execucon of the same within the seid duchie in the shiers aforeseid So it is that yc" seid Oratour havyng pees ffrom the Shieff of Norff to arreste John Byrde theldar of Crowmer in the seid Countie of Norff pcell of the seid duchie and John Byrde the yonger of the same Towne to answer in a plee of Trespas to oon George Berton at a certen day befor the Kynge Justicez at Westfi made a warr^unt to oon Wyll^m Harlewyn s'-^v^unt vnto yo"^ seid Oratour to execute the same {kept byforce whereon the seid Wyll^m Harlewyn came to the Towne of Crowmer aforseid and dyd arreste the foreseid John Byrde and John Byrde And they so beynge vnder thareste with force and armes that is to seye withe too grett yeme hambers assauted Beete and Evyll intreted the seid Wyll^m Harlewyn and put hym in daunger of hys lyfte and hade been lyke to have slayn out of hand the seid Wyll^m Harlewyn had not been the Rescuse and Socour of the inhabit^unte of the same Towne of Crom And by thys Meanes the seid John Byrde and John Byrde riotusely agaynste the lawe disobeyed the seid arrest and escaped^ in contempte of the Kynge and of hys lawez pleas therfore yor seid M'shypp to g^unte the Kynge lettours of p'vye Scale to be directed to the seid Malefactours comand- ynge them by the same to apere at a certen day before yo"" nishypp to make answere to the pmisses And ther vppon to abyde suche or Jre and direccon as shalbe thought by yo^ Mastershypp to stonde with the Kyng« lawez accordynge to Right and Conscience And yo"" seid oratour shall dayly praye for the ps uacon of yor M'shyppe longe to endure
Tmlo Hilt Ao rr H. vii xix"
H'upon A p^uie Scale to John Burde thelder and John Burd the yonger to apper the s^ Pasche.
In the same year (1528), when forty-three trading ships were sent out of the three ports of Cromer, Cley, and Blakeney, no less than thirty of them came from Cromer.
In 1553, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster claimed (by virtue of a grant of Edward III.) the goods and chattels of one Henry Bacon, of Cromer, tallow chandler, an outlaw, viz. : —
One featherbed with the covering.
Two pair of sheets.
Two cupboards.
Six herring nets.
Stuff in the shop to the value of
13s. 4d. Two chairs. Nine pewter platters. A pewter dish.
Eight candlesticks. A pewter cup. A felt hat.
A "chercher" (kerchief). • A pair of silver hooks. Two pair of fore sleeves. One satin night cap, and other things to the value of £$.
56 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
But certain riotous and evil-disposed persons, namely John Harvvard and Clement Harward (no doubt of the same rowdy family as Robert Harward, who clouted the messenger's head in Aldborou^^h Church not long before, page 53), John P^udde, Wm. Rudde, John Hall, clerk, John P'error, Richard terror, Thomas Barrett, William Barrett, Clement Byrde. John Rolle, John Frarye, John Cownyaye (? Comforthe), Richard Smyth, William Aleyn, Nicholas Shortyng, William Farwell, John Griffyn, Hugh South- owse, John Spencer the younger, gentleman, John Bright, Walter Fychett, Henry Elys, and Robert Thornham, on the 7 January, 1553, riotously by force and arms, wrongfully took such goods away and " imbcsylled " and held them.*
From various v/illsf of inhabitants, it is clear that the old pier — by vdiich we must understand a jetty, or "work," enclosing an actual, if small, harbour in which ships could ride, which had been begun about 1391 (see ante page 47), had been continued partly by the duties the inhabitants had been authorized to levy on mer-
* Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, vol. v\., Edward VI., No. 12.
t Among others are the wills <^i John B.Kuid, of Crowmer, dated 1453, leaving to the " sustentaco'i fi^lisfragii als' voc' le per' viii^"
Richard Chyldc, of Shypdenne, 1459, leaving to the fabric of the pier, \y. i^.
John CoHper, of Crowmer, 1462, leaving to "emend' le pere," y. ^d.
Robert Jakkyson^ of ShipJen, 1467, leaving to " sustent le pere," 3?. a,d.
WillicLin Rome, of Shypden, 1469, leaving to "fabrice le pere," ds. Zd.
Ro^er Reed, of ShipJen, al's Crowm', 1470, leaving to " repacoi' le pere," y. 4^.
Richard Arnold, of Siiypden, 1472, leaving to "fabrice le pere," 5 marks.
Nicholas Hemyn-i, of Crowmer, 14S2, leaving to " emendacoi' le peer," \2d.
John Aldwen, of Shypden, I4SJ, " le per," \2d.
Matilda Coye, of Cromer, 14S3, leaving to "rep'ac' le per'," 3-f- 4^-
W/n Brymyii^e, of Crowmer, 1486, "reparation of pier," 1 2c/.
John Mason, of Cromer, 14S7, " rep'aco'i le pere ea condicone q' p'visores ejusdem michi remittant o'ia debit' que a me petunt p' diet le pere," ds. M.
Richard F:nnc, of Crowmer, 14S7, leaving to "emend' le peer," 3^. 4a'.
Rich. Fulsto-jie, of Cromer, I4S7, leaving to the "fabrice le pere," Zd. William Alffen, of Crowmer, 14S7, leaving to " le peer," ZQd.
Rob. Chesfanye, of Crowmer, 149 1, " the reparation of the peer."
RjI>. Draper, of Crowmere, 1491, "sustent le pere," 20i.
Robert Stroiije, of Crowmer, 1490, leaving "to the pere," 3/. 4J.
John Martyn, of Crom', M99, leaving to "the peer," 12-/.
Nich. Bro'june, of Cromer, 1533, leaving to "the rep'acion of the pere," 3J. 64-
John .Anderson, of Cromer, 1514, leaving to " rep'aco'n of the pere," dd.
Henry Shelle, of Cromer, 1514, leaving "to the pere," zod.
Wm. Flyght, of SoulhfylJe, 1535, '* to the reparacon of the peer of Cromer, j.\s.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 57
chandise, partly by a rate (see will of John Mason, 1487) and partly by legacies. The keeper of the pier is mentioned in the will of Robert Hayles, vicar, 1479. I have printed an interesting document relating to a similar pier at Sherringham, in Appendix, p. Ixi.
In 1551, matters had gone badly with Cromer. Not only had the "rages and surges of the sea" swallowed up and drowned a number of the great sort of houses, but a great part of the town had by negligence of certain persons been consumed by sudden fire, so that by the length of a whole street it was still not rebuilt. So said a Petition for relief, signed by the Bishop of Isorwich, Sir William Paston, Sir Edmund Wyndham, Sir Thomas Woodhouse, and Sir Christopher Hcydon, Robert Barney, Esq., and Edmund Lomnour, Esq., which is to be found in the Duchy of Lancaster Proceedings, Edward VI., vol. iv.. No. 6, and runs thus : —
Too the Right Honourable the Kyng his Gracys Moste Honorable CounceU.
Humbly declarethe unto yC good lordeshippes Thomas Bisshop of Norwich Willm Paston Knyght Edniond Wyndham knyght Thomas Woodhous knyght Willm Woodhous knight Xpofer Hcydon knight Robte Barney Esquyer & Edmond Lomnor Esquyer that this xijth of Januarye & iuj^'^ yeare of the Reign of C most dere sov'eyn lorde Edwarde the si.xte by the grace of god of Ingland Fraunce i; Ireland Kyng Defendor of the feithe ^ in earthe of the Chirche of Ingland & Ireland sup'me hcdde, the credeble and most substanciall Inhabytantes of the Town of Cromer in o"" said sou'eyn Icrde his Countie of Norff. upon ther grete necessite for that the same Town is scytuate & adioyn- ing soo nere the sees that of late in o"" mcmorye by the rages ^c surges of tlie same sees the number of a grete sorte of houses p'fightely knowen by us to hav ben swallowed uppe li drownded, and that for the defence of the other p'te of the same yet on perysshed oc nexte adioyning to the same sees the same Inhabytantes hathe to ther grete & importunate charges defended the same by raakyng of grete peeres & are day lye putte to insatiable charges scharse & onetheable to be borne of the same Inhabytantes for that a grete p'te of the same Town hathe by neclygence of serten p'sons of late ben consumed by soudcn feyer as by the lenght of on hole strete as yett enreedefyed for that ther inhabyte as also for that the same Inhabytantes in tymes paste hathe hadde grete releilTe towarde the Beryng of that ther charges of the same shire and nowe of late thorowe the contribucion and grete aides requyred & gathered of the same weidisposid people toward the
H
58 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
renulng of a s'ten haven in Vcrnemouthe gretely decaied are smally
relevyd »t by the same dishabilitie leke to sufter the same peeres to
decaye to the utter destrucion of the same Towne whiche were grete
petie & lo'sse to the same Countrie being so necessarie for the hamsones
of fysshing and also for the conducte of all vytalls & necessaries from
the same countrie for the Kyng o>- said sou'eyn lordes .pvysion & the
trasportyng of ther Inhabytantes ther goodes as also for the defence of
the ,ptes next adioyning the same in tymes of warres and at this
p'sente being voyde of all munytons & defenses for the same iff any
suche necessite shuld requere Spoylcd thorowe the moste detestable
rebellion noue of late ther tra\ torusly ,ppetrated & comytted the same
' Inhabytantes by reporte of dyv's credyble .psons leste of all .psons in
that thei were then visited with syknes being smalle ayders and
assisters to the same The same Inhabytantes thus distressid hathe by
ther pytuous motion requestid us to make relacon of or knowlege to
yowe the Kyngs most honorable councell of this ther pore estate and
condicon to us Ryght well knowen and wuithye spedye releyffe as well
in defence of ther said peres as of ther lakke of ^pvysion and ordynance
nowe in the tyme of pease by the moste gracous charitable goodnes
ayde &. comforthe to them to be extented of c said sou'eyn & gracious
lorde the mocon being bothe trewe and charytable hath occaconed
us to make this or declaracon of the said pore estate & condicon to
yowe or said dreade sov'en lordes honorable councell Under o^ Seales
the daye Sc yere abovewrytton
Thomas Norwicen. Edmund Wyndham
by me Xpofer Heydon Roberte Barneye Wyll : Paston' ch"- by me Tho : Edmund Lomnor WOODHUS (?)
About this time there was still a " sea coast " trade — there had been one in 1391 (sec pac^e 48), as we learn by a petition (undated, but of the reign of Philip and Mary), presented by John Comforte, William Colbccke, Simon Comforte, Henry Bacon, Richard Hylders, and Clement F\-sshcman, who describe themselves as " tenants of the Queen's manor of Gimmingham and inhabitants of the Queen's Highnesses Town of Cromer." They allege that the Queen and all her noble progenitors, the Dukes of Lancaster, have had and used to have free passage and repassage for all their tenants of the Duchy in and by all their goods, chattels, and merchandises, in and by all the places of the realm, without any toll, tollages, or custom. Also that one, Henry Brandlyng, "customer" of the town of Newcastle, Bertram Anderson, Robert Brygham, and
. THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 59
Cuthbert Blunt, now mayor of Newcastle, with divers riotous and evil-disposed persons, to the number of twelve persons, being arrayed with- swords, bills, bows, arrows, hand guns, and other weapons, assembled at Newcastle, did make an assault on the petitioners (I presume a technical one only), and extorted from them custom wrongfully, viz., of John Comforte for the "custom" of two hundred chaldrons of coals, for every chaldron 2d., and for groundage of his ship 2s., for anchorage of the same ship 22d., for "ryngale" of the same ship 2d., for carriage of the same 4d., and divers other charges, tolls, and exactions (Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, Philip and Mary, 5, n.d., c. 14).
This petition was, I expect, for the purpose of raising a test case only. How it was decided I do not know, but Cromer boats beached Newcastle coal here nowadays till quite recently.*
Shortly before 15 So, there was a fresh attempt to build a pier. We learn this from two sources, first, from the will of Dionise Flegg, which gives a legacy in aid of " the late begun and erected pier," and secondly, from Camden, who in his Britannia (15S6), says of Cromer, that " its inhabitants endeavoured at a great ex- pense to maintain a small harbour here, but in vain, which attempt was again made a few years since with almost the same success."
On 4 July, 15S2, Queen Elizabeth granted letters patent to the inhabitants of Cromer to transport (export) 20,000 quarters of wheat, barley, and malt for the maintenance of their town, and towards the building of an " ould decayed pecre " there. Thomas Baxter, gent, was appointed to sell the license for the benefit of the town, and pay the proceeds to the " Pier-reeves " — such as the inhabitants should yearly choose according to an ancient custom among them to be bestowed upon the pier, they accounting monthly to Baxter and the other inhabitants, and Baxter in turn delivering such accounts to the Barons of the Exchequer, " so that the ' balance ' (illusory idea) should remain to her majesty."
A few years after this, two of my ancestors got into fiscal trouble, almost as soon as they settled here (I fear we have ever been a
In 25 E'.iiabeth there was an interesting dispute between Richard Walsingham and Mathias de Ileire, "denizen" owners of a Crayer called the Jone of Clave, and one James Bourne, of Claye, and James Alyson, steward of William Heydon, Esq., Vice- Adminil of Norfolk, about the latter's seizing the Craye laden with sea coles from New- castle by virtue of some Admiralty proceedings (Exch. B. and A., Eliz., Norf,, No. 71).
60 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
restless, pushing family!), for, in 1589, an issue was directed be- tween the Queen and William Rye, as to the latter exporting grain against the statute, and in f;ie next year, Thomas Rye was "pulled" (as we say in Norfolk) for " engrossing" grain (Minute Book of the Exchequer, Trin., 31 Eliz., m loi, and Hily., 32 z.d).
In 1 59 1, the Queen's gift in aid of the pier had already been the cause of litigation.
The inhabitants petitioned the Barons of the Exchequer, setting out the Queen's grant, and stating that Baxter had sold the grant partly for cash and partly on credit — that for the deferred pay- ments he had taken bonds in the names of one Robert Underwood (since deceased) and other inhabitants— that certain sums remained in the hands of Emanuel Callyarde, John Deynes, William IMyngye, John Shanke, William Boshope, and George Englond, who have been pier-reeves, and refuse to make payment thereof — that it also appeared by Baxter's accounts that Robert Underwood " by indirect means " got into his possession ;^400, which he never be- stowed on the pier — and claiming relief against William Myngyc, John Deynes, Emanuel Callyard, and ^Margery his wife, executrix of Robert Underwood's will, John Shank, W^illiam Bishop, and George Englond (Excheq. Bills and Answers, Elizabeth, Norf , No. 146).
To this (which he styles the untme) bill, Emanuel Callerd answers (after objecting to the technical form of the bill), z'.a. that though he had lately been pier-reeve, he never received above 2s. for the pier, and that it appears by a note of reckoning that Underwood had spent ^^20 more than he ever received.
The inhabitants reply to this " untrue answer," by recapitulating their case.
Soon after (9 April, 1592, 35 Elizabeth), the matter was followed up, there being a commission to take depositions in the suit, which seems to have been " John Blofield, one of the inhabitants, &c., v. Emanuel Callerd and ^Margery his wife." It sat at Reepham on the 9th, and at Cromer on the 20 April, and was as to " a reckon- ing made by Robert Underwood, gent., the 19 January, 1587, to Thomas Baxter, gent."
Somewhere about the same time there was another suit brought by Thomas Baxter, gent, against Edmund Empson and others as to divers monies received for reparation of a wall (seawall ?) at Cromer (Exch. B. and A., Eliz., No. 121).
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 6l
Possibly in connection with this is a petition of the inhabitants of Cromer to Baron Clarke, dated 1604, which is amongst the Marquis of Salisbury's }.ISS. at Hatfield, but which I have been unable to sbe.
The open coast attracted many pirates in the early part of the 17th century, and the inhabitants were no doubt keenly alive to the danger. There was a comic side, however, to the question, and luckily it has been preserved to us by Taylor, the Water Poet, in his "A Very I\Ierry — Wherry— Ferry Voyage," published in 1623. It seems he was on one of his excursions, rowing round the coast by Yarmouth, when making bad weather he was compelled to come ashore in haste at Cromer.
'* And thus half soused, half stewed, with sea and sweat.
We land at Cromer Town half dr>', half wet ;
But we supposing all was safe and well,
In shunning Sc> 11a on Charybdis fell ;
For why, some women and some children there
That saw us land, were all possessed with fear ;
And much amaz"d ran crying up and down,
That enemies were come to take the town. » Some said that we were pirates, some said thieves,
And what the women says, the men believes.
With that four constables did quickly call,
Your aid ! to arms your men of Cromer all.
Then straightway forty men with rusty bills,
Some arm'd in ale, all of approved skill,
Divided into four stout regiments,
To guard the city from dangerous events.
Brave Captain Pescod did the vanguard lead,
And Captain Clarke the rearward governed,
Whilst Captain Wiseman and hot Captain Kimble,
Were in main battalia fierce and nimble.
One with his squadron watch'd me all the night,
Lest from my lodging I should take my flight :
A second (like a man of simple note),
Did by the seaside all night watch my boat;
The other two, to make their names renowned,
Did guard the town, and bravely walk the round.
And thus my boat, m.yseif, and all my men,
Were stoutly guarded, and regarded then ;
For they were all so full with fear possessed,
That without mirth it cannot be expressed.
62 CROMER, PAST AND TRESENT.
My invention doth curvet, my muse doth caper, My pen doth dance out hnes upon the paper ; And in a word I am as full of mirth, _As mighty are at their first son's birth. Methinks Moriscccs are within my brains, And Heys and antics run through all my veins ; Heigh, to tlie tune of Trenchmore I could write The valient men of Cromer's sad ali'right ; As sheep to fear the wolf or geese the fox. So all amazed were these senseless blocks ; That had the town been fir'd, it is a doubt. They did examine me, I answer'd then I was John Taylor and a waterman, And that my honest fellow Job and I, Were servants to King James his majesty; How we to York, upon a mart were bound, And that we landed fearing to be drown'd. When all this would not satisfy the crew, I freely ope'd my trunk, and bade them view ; I shew'd them books of Chronicles and Kings, Some prose, some verse, some idle sonnetings. I shew'd them all my letters to the full, Some to York's Archbishop and some to Hull ; But had the twelve apostles sure been there My witnesses, I had been ne'er the near. And let me use all oaths that I could use, They still were harder of belief than Jews. They wanted faith, and had resolv'd before, Not to believe what e'er we said or swore. They said the world was full of much deceit. And that my letters might be counterfeit ; Besides, there's one thing bred the more dislike, Because mine host was known a Catholic. These things concurring, people came in clusters, And multitudes v. itliin my lodging musters, That I was almost worried unto death. In danger to be stilled with their breath. And had mine host took pence apiece of those Who came to gaze on me, I do suppose No jack an apes, baboon, or crocodile. E'er got more money in so small a while. Besides, the peasants did this one thing more, They call'd and drank four shillings on my score ; And like unmanner'd mongrels went their way, Not spending ought, but leaving me to pay.
. THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN'. 63
This was the household business in mean space,
Some rascals ran into my boat apace,
And turn'd and tumbled her, like men of Gotham,
Quite topsy-turvy upward with her bottom,
Vowing they would in tatters piece-meal tear
They cursed pirate's boat, that bred their fear ;
And I am sure, their madness ito my harm)
Tore a board out much loncjer than mine arm.
And they so bruis'd and split our wherry, that
She leaked, we cast out water with a hat.
Now let men judge, upon this truth's revealing,
If Turks or Moors could use more barb'rous dealing ;
Or whether it be tit I should not write,
Their envy, foolish fear, and mad despite.
What may wise men conceive, when they shall note,
That five unarmed men in a wherr>' boat,
Naught to defend, or to oiiend with stripes,
But one old sword and two tobacco pipes ;
And that of constables a murnivall.
Men, women, children, all in general,
And that they all should be so valiant wise,
To fear we would a market town surprise.
In all that writ, I vow I am no liar,
I muse the beacons were not set on fire.
The dreadful names of Talbot, or of Drake,
Ne'er made the foes of England more to quake
Than I made Cromer ; for their fear and dolor.
Each man might smell out by his neighbour's choler.
At last the joyful morning did approach.
And Sol began to mount his flaming coach ;
Then did I think my purgator>- done,
And 'rose betimes intendmg to be gone.
But holla! stay, 'twas other ways with me,
The mass of constables had shrunk to three !
Sweet Mr. Pescod's double diligence,
Had horsed himself to bear intelligence
To justices of peace within the land,
What dangerous business there was now in hand.
There was I forced to tarry all the while.
Till some said he rode four-and-lwenty mile,
In seeking men of worship, peace, and quorum,
Most wisely to declare strange news before um.
And whatsoever tales he did recite,
I sure he caused Sir Austin Palgrave, knight,
And Mr. Robert Kemp, a justice there,
Came before me to know how matters were.
64 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
As conference 'twixt them and I did pass,
They quickly understood me what I was ;
And though they knew nic not in prose and looks,
They had read of me in my verse and boolcs.
My businesses account I there did make,
And I and all my company did take
The lawful oath of our allegiance then,
By which we were believed for honest men.
In duty and in all humility,
I do acknowledge the kind courtesy
Of those two gentlemen ; for they did see
How much the people were deceived in me.
They gave me coin, ar,d wine, and sugar too,
And did as much as lay in them to do,
To find them that my boat had torn and rent,
And so to give them worthy punishment.
Besides, Sir Austin Palgrave bade me this.
To go but four miles, where his dwelling is,
And I and all my company should there
Find friendly welcome, mixed with other cheer.
I gave them thanks, and so I'll give them still,
And did accept their cheer in their goodwill.
Then 3 o'clock at afternoon and past,
I was discharged from Cromer at the last.
But for men should not think that enviously
Against this town I let my lines to fly;
And that I do not lie, or scoff, or fable,
For then I will write something charitable.
It is an ancient market town that stands
Upon a lofty cliiY of mouldring sands;
The sea against the chfi's doth daily beat.
And ever)' tide into the land doth eat.
The town is poor, unable by expense.
Against the rr'^ing sea to make defence ;
And every day it cateth further in.
Still waiting, washing down the sand doth win,
That if some course be not ta'en speedily,
The town's in danger in the sea to lie,
A goodly church stands on these brittle grounds.
Not many fairer in Great Brittain's bounds ;
And if the sea shall swallow it as some fear,
'Tis not ten thousand pounds the like could rear.
No Christian can behold it but with grief.
And with my heart I wish them quick relief.
So farewell, Cromer, I have spoke for thee,
Though you did'st much unkindly deal with me.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 65
And honest mariners, I thank you there, Labouriously you in your arms did bear My boat for me three furlongs at the least, When, as the tide of ebb was so decreased, You waded, and you launched her quite afloat, And on your backs you bore us to our boat. The unkindness that I had before, it come Because the constables were troublesome ; Longed to be busy, would be men of action, Whose labours was their travels satisfaction ; Who all were born when wit was out of town. And therefore got but little of their own. So farewell Pescod, Wiseman, Kimble, Clarke,'** . Four sons of ignorance (or much more dark). You make me lose a day of brave calm v/eathcr, So once again farewell, fare ill together."
That the fears of worthy Master Pescod and his colleagues were not so unfounded and unreasonable as the poet thought, was soon clear.
The very next year (1624), the Deputy-Lieutenant of Norfolk, wrote up to the Lord Lieutenant that Wey^Dourne Hoop was in a very unprotected state (I will spare my readers the old rhyme this time, for I am guiltily conscious that I have printed it oftcner than any one else), that forts erected in 15SS v.-ere washed away by the sea, and that a flat-bottomed boat had lately come up to Cromer and" sounded the dcpths.f
Something very like wrecking seems to have been going on about this tim.e, for in 1589, at " Runton by Cromer," we read how Sir Edward Clere and others wrote up to the Council that they have taken order for the restoration of the Scottish goods lost, and
• The only Pescod I can trace is Jos. Pcscnd, who was of Suffield, 24 Charles IL (1672), N. E., p. 549.
I don't think we ever had a Wiseman at Cromer, but there were plenty later at N. Repps.
By Kimble, no doubt was meant Henry Kimble, whose will was proved in 1626, while Clarke was no doubt the representative of a very old name here. Robert and Roger "Clericus" are mentioned in a tine of land here in 1 196. Hugh le Clerk was here in 1327, and Stephen Ic Clerk in 1333, Robert Clarke in 1545.
Whether they were ancestois of Clarke, the present worthy clsrk, the barber, and his kinsman the butcher, I know not.
t Dom. S. P., James L, clxxii., No. 4S.
66 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
/tave proceeded against Roger Wyndham and his servants impli- cated in the spoil of the Scots.*
The Domestic State Papers give us glimpses of troublous times round and about Cromer. The " Dun kirkers " were long scourges of our coast, for one may as well tell the truth, and admit that England did not by any means rule the sea till Blake cleared the air.
In 1625, Robert Gaddye writes to the Council that the number of sailors ordered to be pressed in the county of Norfolk could not be obtained, but all who were at home had been brought to Cromer this day (May 12), and had then been pressed.-f-
Next year (1626), in February, news comes up that the Dun- kirkers were reported to have landed in Cromer Marsh, in Norfolk. [J I cannot help thinking that the "marsh" was an elongation of the Cromer by some stranger. Where we are to find a marsh at Cromer I do not know, unless we think there juay have been a salt marsh, as at Wells — the last remnant of underclifif land being washed away.
In the summer of 163 1, a Zealand boat was so hotly chased by Dunkirkers, that its crew ran it ashore two miles east of Cromer.jl
In 1660, the '"Providence" man of war, commanded by Captain Giles Snelling, struck on a shoal on going over the Wells banks near Cromer.§
1665 is the date of our only dated Cromer token, which bears the" inscription, Richard Bennett, of Crommar, 1665, R.A.B., and the device of a lion rampant, which is the same device as is on our other token, an undated one, issued by Robert Drake.
In February of 1666, fourteen Dutch men of war and two galliots were standing on and off between Winterton and Cromer,*! and a month later there were sixteen of them, and the coast was pestered with their shallops.
On the 20 May, 1667, a despatch tells how a galliot hoy, chasing a fleet of colliers off Cromer, spied a frigate and left them ;*» and in the June of the same year, an Ostender was ordered on board by Holland men of war off Cromer, but pretending to be from Norway they let him go (/t/.).
• Dom. S. P., Elizabeth, ccxxii., No. S2. t Dom. S. P., Charles I., ii., No. 50.
t Dom. S. P., Charles I., xxi., No. 2. || Doai. S. P., Charles I., ccxiii., No. 72.
§ Dom. S. P., Charles II., xiv.. No. iS. ^ Dom. S. P., Charles II., cxiix. *, Dom. S. P., Charles II., cci., No. 65.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. Q,-j
In 1677, the admiralty jurisdiction squabble spluttered up once more, as may be seen from the following extracts from the His- torical :\.ISS. Commission, 6 Rep., p. 384, Sir A. Ingilby's MSS. :—
" 1677, Dec. 14th, O.xnead. Jo. Doughty to Lady Yarmouth. Yes- terday was the Court of Admiralty kept at Cromer to inquire concern- ing the ship that stranded there and to whom it should belong. Doctor Hughes behaved himself with great moderation and prudenc'e as became his place ; and the jury being sworn, and having their charge of what to inquire. Sir John Hobart told the Doctor That he claimed the ship as tenant to the Duchy of Lancaster, and had in his • grant all wrecks, and that the Doctor had no right to keep Courts of Admiralty, and to that purpose insisted on an Act of Parliament for his authority, which he mistook in the construction. Sir John had prepared a whole sheet for his speech, but the Doctor would not let him go on, but sent the jury away to make their verdict, whereunon Sir John protested in open court against the whole proceedings and took his leave, &c. Sir William Rant and Mr. Heme, who c^me as agents for my Lady Wyndham, in whose manor the ship was stranded, were both present, but said nothing at all. Upon the ship coming ashore, my Lady Wyndiiam seized her as hers in the right of her manor, and Sir William having a manor adjacent claimed also, which also, after a great contest, they agreed to di^-ide, finding their titles too weak for contention. My Lady by consent unladed the ship, and carried the goods (timber) to her own house, and then left the ship till the Court should be over. The verdict of the jury was that the ship was seized floating, and so belonged to the Admiralty .... The ship is seized for my Lord. The other goods must lie a year' and a . day to see if there will come any owner, who, if they claim within that time, they must have their goods again, paymg all charges ; but the ship being perishable, may be sold by the law, and the money re- turned, if there come the right owners and challenge her.
" 1677, Dec. 14th, Oxnead. Owen Hughes to Lady Yarmouth. On the same subject, detailing his own and Sir John Hobart's speech and actions.
" 1677, Dec. 14th, 0.xncad. John Cough to Lady Yarmouth. Gives her a full account of the Cromer trial."'
In 1719, the first hghthouse was built here at Foulness, near Cromer, under a Patent, dated 9 September, 6 Geo. I. (part 2, in II).* It is said to have been built by Edward Browne, of Ipswich ;
• There is a tradition that on the platform on the north-west corner of Cromer church tower a flare used to be lit to warn seamen, and possibly to serve as a beacon. It is said there was a coal beacon on the site of the first lighthouse, the cinders of which were recently visible.
It is interesting to note that in 19 Ed. L, the Sheriff of Norfolk and all knights and
68 CROMER, PAST AND TRESENT,
but the "Norfolk Tour"(cd. 1829, page 152) jivcs an inscription in St. Clement's churchyard, Ipswich, to one " Edward Bowcll, gent., portman and twice bailiff of this Corporation [Ipswich]. (He erected the Light at Foulness, in Norfolk, 17 19)." The same work thus describes the old lighthouse : —
" The lighthouse is upon an eminence about three-quarters of a mile to the east of the town, and commands an extensive sea view, the in- land prospect is connned by a range of hills, forming an amphitheatre nearly round it. The tower, built of brick, is only three moderate . stories high, crowned with a lantern, lighted by fifteen patent lamps, each placed in a large copper reflector, three feet in diameter, and finely plated in the inside ; these, placed round an upright axis, are kept in continual motion by machinery, wound up every tive hours and a half, by which means a set of five reflectors are presented to the eye in a full blaze of light every minute, the axis being three minutes per- forming its rotation. This light is kept by two young women, who receive from the Trinity House an annual salary of /50, besides per- quisites, and who constantly reside upon the spot, v/hich cannot be exceeded for perfect neatness. From the lantern, a door opens to a light iron gallery v.-hich surrounds it, and commands a sea viev/ of many leagues." »
In 1832, there was so heavy a shoot of the cliff close to the old lighthouse, that the present lighthouse was put in hand much more inland. The old lighthouse remained a conspicuous object on the very edge of the cliiT till 1S66. when it slipped into the sea silently one night, and we arc told that never a brick of it was ever seen again, though some of the foundations are this year showing in the cliff
Once more the local spirit flickered up, and the traders made a desperate effort to establish some shelter for their ships, and on 17 Jan., 173 1, a deed,* no doubt promoted by the Harbords, the Wordhams, and the Wynuhams.
It recites that proposals had been made, and an undertaking was
head constables, <S:c., of hundreds and villages, were summoned to attend at Norwich, and arrange watches along the shores of 2^orfolk fur the security of the kingdom (Bodl. Charter, No. 335).
* I am indebted for the sight of this deed, and of the other documents cited below, to Mr. J. J. Colman, M.P. for Norwich, wlio, hearing I was at work on the subject, kindly volunteered to lend them to me. I cannot too strongly impress on Norfolk antiquarians, that it is their duty to aid tlie Carrow library in every possible way. It is hardly possible that it will ever be broken up, and until it is so (q.d.a) it is practically open to all.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 69
then on foot for making and erecting a pier, or some other security, for the safe riding and lodging of ships or small vessels, as well for the importation, as also for the exportation of com, coal, and other goods, wares, and merchandises, for the doing whereof several parcels of wood and timber and other materials must be had and purchased, and great sums of money laid out and expended, as well for these as for other purposes ; and that after the same was completed, a toll or duty by way of tonnage must be laid upon and paid for all corn, coals, and other goods, cic, for maintaining and keeping the said pier or place for the lodging and riding the said ships and vessels in good repair, order, and condition, for doing which an Act of Parliament must be had and obtained. Also that the management of the undertaking had been committed to Richard Ellis, of N. Repps (steward of the manor), Bozoon Briggs, of Bradfield, Richard Smith, of Cromer, and William Claydon, of Paston, gentlemen.
A covenant is inserted by the managers to expend all monies they shall receive on the work, and that all who subscribe not less than i^io towards the undertaking, shojjld have free liberty of ingress and regress to and from the sea-shore of Cromer in over and upon the Gangles or road now belonging to them leading from the king's highway, leading from the now (new ?) mansion house of him the said Richard Smith, down to the said shore for nuy years.* Voting is to be one vote for ^^'20, two for ;^40, three for £60, and so on.
Those who executed the deed were —
|
H. Harbord - |
i^IOO. |
Wm. Claydon |
£20. |
|
A. Windham - |
;{:iOO. |
Richd. Smith |
^20. |
|
F. Wyndham - |
£100. |
R. Ellis & Compy. |
;^20. |
|
Edm. Jewell - |
^20. |
James Weld (?) - |
^20. |
|
Richard Ellis - |
^20. |
William Goatc - |
£20. |
|
Bozoon Briggc |
^20. |
John Kirby |
i:20. |
|
Pat St. Clair - |
;^20. |
* The right of way, at all events, seems to have been thought valuable, for in 1765, Charles Stokes, of Stamford, Lincoln, clerk, who recites that he was an original sub- scriber of £20 to the undertaking (though it will be seen he did not execute the deed), by his license, dated 2S Aug., 1765, gave leave to Elizabeth Ellis, of N. Repps, spinster, in his name, and as his servant, to make use of the said "Gangles," or road, she giving him her bond of indemnity of the same date.
70 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
The deed had seals for sixty-one subscribers, but the above thirteen— unlucky number (!) — were all that subscribed, and I expect the project came to nothing. I never heard of any Act being obtained, though probably the work was actually begun, for it will be remembered that in the disputes about the boundaries of the manor of Cromer Gunners, in 1764 (see page 40), one witness spoke of the pier having been begun about thirty-two years before, which would be 1732.
The promoters of the pier lost no time in trying to promote the trade,, for in 1731 — 2, they got leave first to discharge coal and cinders, then to export corn, and lastly, to ship and land coast goods general!}-, as will appear by the three following letters from the Custom House to the Collectors.*
Gentlemen,
Having had under consideration your letter of the 8th ultimo in return (?) to the Petition of the several persons residing between your port and Yarmouth, praying that coals and cynders may be discharg-'d at a creek coming to the town of Cromer, and the collector and comptroller of Yarmouth to whom we referred the said petition, being jointly of opinion with you that it will be for the interest of the revenue and the accomodating the people to admit of the discharge of coals at Crom.er, you may sufier coals and cynders to be discharged • there accordingly, taking care that the masters do first report, and that entries be passed and the duties received at your port, agreeable to what is proposed by you and the officers at Yarmouth.
And you having recommended John Sussins as a person well qualified to be coal master at the place before mentioned, we have granted him a coal deputation, and you are to take care that he be under oath and security for that purpose.
And in regard James Wells, the riding surveyor, resides at Shering- ham, which is but three miles from Cromer. We direct that no coals be discharged there but under his inspection, and you are to direct all coal-warrents to him and the Coal Meter jointly, and take care that he signs the returns on the Warrents as well as the Coal Meter. We are,
Your Loving Friends, Custom House, London, B. Fairfax,
May 18, 1731, Th. Walker,
To the Coll. vt Compr JOHN HiLL,
Blackney (i Clay, J. Evelyn.
• Controllers at Blakeney and Cley, at which was the nearest Custom House Station.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. /I
Gentlemen,
We read your letter of the i8th ultimo, acquainting us that the merchants at Cromer and Creek between your post and Yarmouth, who have been lately permitted to Discharge Coals at that place, have applyed to yo desiring Liberty also to ship oft" corn there to be carried coastways. And having considered the same, you may for their accomodation grant them this liberty, taking care that proper sune- rances be first taken and directed to the Riding Surveyor at Sherring- ham, under whose inspection they are to be executed, and a return made thereon by him in the same manner as was directed with regard to coals by our letter of the i8th May last, and likewise that the mas- ters make their entries, and receive proper cocquetts and other despatches from you before they depart. But as there is no lawful key at Cromer, you must not suner any corn to be ship'd there for foreign parts.
We are,
Your loving friends, Custom House, J. Walker,
London, C. Peers,
Dec. 9th, 1731, B. Fairfax,
To the Coll. & Compf ^ ROBT. Baylis.
Blakney & Clay.
Gentlemen,
Further application haveinge been made to us in behalf of the Traders at Cromer, who by our Orders of the 14 ult. and ill. (sic) were allowed the liberty of Landing and Discharging grf (?) goods at that place, praying that they may likewise ship and land coast goods there, and that they may also be allow'd liberty to ship corn for Holland and other foreign ports, and having consider'd the same, we direct you to suffer the Traders at Cromer to ship or land corn and other British goods Coastwise at that place. Provided the persons who shall lade any such goods do first take out Sunerances from you Directed to the Riding Surveyor at Sherringham, under whose inspection they are to be executed by indorsing theron the Goods w^ are actually ship'd in like manner as is directed by your (sic) letter of the gth December last with regard to Goods, Coastways, and that the sutterances be then return'd to you, in order to the Masters takeinge out Cocquetts or other proper Dispatches according to the nature of their ladings, and that before the unloading of any goods brot Coastways, the master of the respective ships and vcssells do Deliver their Cocquets to you, and take out Sufferances Directed to gt said officers for Discharge thereof, and that both in lading and Discharging of their goods they comply with the Requisites of Law, and you may notwithstanding our Orders
72 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
of the gth of Dec. last, suffer corn to be ship'd for foreign ports at Cromer by special suffcrence on ever)- Entry Directed to the Searcher and the sd officer, who must attend ye Shipping thereof, and be paid by the merchants for their extra attendance, in the same manner as was directed with regard to gruff Q) goods by our letter of the 14 ult.
We are,
Your Loving Friends, Custom Ho, London, B. Fairfax,
SthOctr., 173^, J. Hanley,
To the Coll. & Compr of the Rcbt Bayles.
Customs at Bla. 5: Clay.
Gentlemen.
The Commissi^ observing that the Coal meters in several of the out ports have not been duly Visited by the proper officers when thty are metting of Coals, nor care taken that they Diligently attend and Faithfully Perform their Duty, in order to prevent the like for the filter.
The Commiss^s direct that you give it, in strict Charge to the Sur- veyor that he constantly Vissitts the Coal meters while they are melting thier Coals, to se* that they CarefuUy Perform thier Duty as they ought to doe. And if he observe any Irregularitys he is to acquaint ■ you thervvith, in order to your Laying the same before the Commis- sioners for their Directions.
And you are to take Care this Letter is entred in your Books of Orders, and signify the receipt thereof to the Board in a Poscript to some Letter, which is what 1 have in Command to signify to you.
And am. Gentlemen, Custom House, Your most hbl serv'
London, April CHARLES CarKESSE.
20, 173S.
In 1733, Richd. Eliis, whether as manager of the Pier Company, or as Steward of the manor, I do not know — probably, however, in the latter capacity, seems to have c^rantcd licenses to erect " lobster coys" off Cromer, as appears by a mem"* in the collection before- mentioned. In 1735, a formal document was drawn up and signed on the same subject as follows : —
" April 19th, 1735. Mcm'^ it is this day agreed bettween Richd.
• The spelling is terrible.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. 73
Ellis of the one part and the several persons hereunder nanned as follows, that is to say, the s^ Ri. Ellis doe agree that those several persons under written shall have free liberty to Erect a Coy (for their own use only) on the sea shore to the westward of the Pier head in Cromer, and allso shall have free liberty to land and lay their several boats on the Banc to the v.-cstward of the Bason (but not to ride in the Bason), paying each for the above-mentioned liberty unto the above-named Richd. Ellis, or his order, the sum of two shillings and sixpence p"" year over and above three days work to be done by each man, yearly at such time and place as the 3=^ Ri. Ellis shall apoint. This agreement to continue in force for three years, and to comence from jMidsumer last. " Witness our hands,
"RiCHD. Ellis.* Robert Rook.
John Susson.* Peter Collins.
Christopher Pavne.* Matiiu Swan.
Robert Webb.* Henry Swan.
Henry Ransom.* J. Hurst.*
Philip Allen.* Wm. Swan.*
Philip Paul." * Those with an asterisk sign — the others make their marks.
In 1748, Thos. Wyndham, esq., lord of Ufford's Hall in Cromer and of Beeston, granted his formal license to Richd. Ellis, to land, lay, and let lay, and put to sea again on and from the sea shore within his manors, all such ships or vessels as he might think proper. As most of my readers will probably be startled to hear that such a license was necessary, and are unaware that they have no legal right to land on any part of the sea coast — in fact are trespassing when shipwrecked or swimming ashore — I subjoin it at length : —
To all Christian People to whom this present writing shall com- I, Thomas Wyndham, Esq'', Lord of the several manors of Ufl'ord's Hall in Cromer, and of Beeston next the sea, in the County of Norfolk, send greeting. Whereas, Richard Ellis, of North Repps, in the said county, has for some time past carried on the business of a merchant by land- ing and putting to sea again small ships or vessels, on the sea shore, in the said Parish of Cromer aforesaid, within the limits of my said several Manors or one of them, and thereby importing and e.\uorting Coals, Deals, Corn, and other goods and marchandize, for tiie doing
K
74 CROMER, PAST AND TKESENT.
and management of which several anchors, posts, and other machines have from time to time been put down, fix'd, and used on the said sea shore, within the limits of my said Manors or one of them, and must be continued to be done so long as the said business shall be there carried on. Now know ye that 1, the said Thomas Wyndham, as well for the encouragement of an undertaking in my Judgment so beneficial to the Country in the Neighbourhood of Cromer aforesaid, As also in Consideration of the Yearly rent herein after mention'd, do for myself and my Heirs hereby give and grant unto the said Richard Eilis, his Executors, and Administrators, and his and their agents and servants full and free liberty, leave, and license as well to land, lay, and lett lay, as to put to sea again on and from the said sea shore within the limits of my said several manners, or either of them in the Parish of Cromer aforesaid, all such ships or vessels as lie or They shall think necessary and proper for the carrying on the said business of merchandizing there, and to load and unload the same, and also fix and put down on the said sea shore within the limits of my said several Manners, or either of 'em within the Parish of Cromer aforesaid, All such anchors, posts, and other machines, as he or they shall also tliink proper for the carrying on the said business of Merchandizing within the Parish of Cromer aforesaid from time to time, for so long as he the said Richard EUis, his Executors, or Administrators shall carry on the said business there, He or they paying me therefore the yearly rent of 5 shilhngs upon every Feast Day of S' Micliael the Archangel, which shall be during the carrying on the business aforesaid. But if default be made in payment thereof that then this my present Leave and Lycense to determine and be absolutely void. In Witness whereof I, the said Thomas Wyndham, have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty- seventh day of June, 174S.
Tho. Wyndham. Seal'd and delivr'd -. S. Freeman.
in the presence 0: us. J
In 1765, his widow, Mrs. Wyndham, issued a notice, in which she recited that it had been for two years the practice to go over the lands at Cronicr with horses and carts, &c., at a place called the Gangwa)', on a part of the estate late of John Wyndham, formerly Smiths, called the Cleft meadow, now the property of her son, Geo. Wyndham. She called on all persons claiming lawful right to go over the said land to produce it, and warned all others to desist (12 Oct., 1765).
Very soon, however, the fear of a French invasion and of tres- pass of a graver sort, gave tlic inhabitants something more serious
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. "5
to think about than the manorial rights, and the Cromer Loyal Vokmtccr Artillcr\' were soon enrolled, and practisinc^ from the " platform on the edc^e of the cliff,'' as we learn from the report of an accident to Corporal Richard Cook, who, on the 4th June, 1799, was nearly blown over the cliff from the explosion of a cartridge which he was ramming into a carelessly-sponged gun. As it was, he received at least fifty wounds from the head of the rammer, which splintered.
We get further glimpses of the coast defence from the diary of William Wyndham, the statesman, whose memory will ever remain green to book lovers, for did he not practically lose his life through trying to save a neighbour's library. He notes under the date of 21 Sept., I £03, that he went to Norv.uch, and consulted General Money.* On the next day he surveyed the clift beyond Runton to Cromer, and on the 23rd the cliff from Cromer to ]\Iundesley. On the :2nd October, he wrote to Lord Chatham, describing both Yarmouth and our situation in respect of the coast.
On the 1 6th, he came back to Fclbrigg for volunteers, and was at a meeting on the 22nd, where a letter from Head Quarters of the previous day was read, saying that the expense of internal beacons would be defrayed. These, from Sir J. Craig's leiter, would seem to have been furze fagots with a pitch barrel added.
On the 5th November, inspired perhaps by the anniversary, he resolved to recommend the completion of the line of signal-fire stations to Lynn, and received a letter from the Government that night lights should be appointed to stations mentioned by Lord Townshend as most necessary, viz., from Yarmouth to Blakeney inclusive. On the oth was the inspection day, v/hen there v/ere eighty-six present and three serjeants,f and on his v/ay to Norwich, on the nth, he saw part of Mr. Harbord's company.
The next year gun practice went on regularly from the Battery, and unluckily caused another accident, told thus : — •
'• Feby. 4. As the Sea Fencibles at Cromer were exercising and firing the battery guns at a target on the sands with canister and grape shot, a diverging ball struck their Capt. Trcmlett, R.N. (v/ho was exercising them), on the foot, forcing part of his boot into it, and also shattered the leg of Mr. John Smith, surgeon, of Cromer,
• Of balloon ascending celebrity.
t He mentions Colonel Metzncr, who was prctiably the inspecting odicer.
76 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
SO as to render immediate amputation necessary. A handsome subscription (upwards of i^5Co) was made for the latter during his confinement."
I expect the battery was the present Coast Guard Station, but the older map shows a gun battery at the end of Jetty Street.
Not daunted by this accident, the Sea Fencibles (under Capt. Tremlett) with three companies of the 4th Norf. Battalion of Volunteers (under Licut.-Col. Geo. Wyndham), and the Cromer Battery Volunteers, had a grand sham fight on the king's birthday, 4 June.
The lifeboat was established at a meeting held on the 31 Oct., 1804, upwards of ^^500 being then and there subscribed.
On the 4 Aug., 18 10, Capt. Manby made an experiment on the beach, throwing his newly-discovered grapple shot attached from a line to a mortar, for the purpose of giving relief to vessels in distress en a lee shore, the Cromer Lifeboat Committee and Lord Moira, who had just arrived for the sea bathing, expressing their approbation of his plan.
The necessity of such inventions was^soon after sadly emphasised by two terrific gales on the 2 and 10 November, iSio, when it is said the coast between Yarmouth and Wells was covered with wrecks and dead bodies washed ashore.
On the 17th April, 1821, the new Jetty was begun.
Somewhere after 1S23, a distant cousin of mine, George Hubert Rye, R.N., who had served with some distinction in the war^ having been in several cutting out expeditions at Ouiberon Bay and the Isle of Rhc, was appointed Chief Officer of the Preventive Service here, and carrying his old instincts into his new duties, surprised some smugglers* to the west end of the town, and in the affray shot one dead.
The newspaper report of the period thus describes the incident: —
"A Smuggler Killed. — Monday the 17th inst, an aftray took
* The smuggling had been going on for years. Here is a reprint of a newspaper cut- ting of 2S December, iSoi. A desperate affray at Horsford between two excise officers, assisted by two privates of the 3rd Dragoon Guards, who had seized a large quantity of smuggled goods at Cawston with thirty armed men, who shot one of the soldiers ; several of the smugglers were desperately wounded, two died of their wounds. The smugglers succeeded in retaking only a small part of the contraband goods.
THE OLD TRADERS AND TOWNSMEN. "JJ
place at Cromer, Norfolk, between one of his Alajcsty's Lieutenants of the Preventive Service and a gang of smugglers. Just as the Lieutenant was retiring to bed, information was given him that many carts were below the cliff, to the northward of the town, v.ith an expectation of taking a cargo of smuggled goods ; and that if he went to a certain spot, it could not be long before they passed. He instantly hastened to the place alone, and there watched the arrival of the expected prize ; he did not remain long before one of the carts made its appearance. He directly pushed for the head of the horse, and desired the party to stop, being seven or eight in number, telling them who he was. One of them made use of some coarse language, and threatened to murder him on the spot ; he instantly drew his pistols and shot the man ; the smug- glers picked him up directly, put him into the cart which was empty, and drove off instantly."
His brother was Dr. John Rye, of Half Moon Street and Bath, who founded the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society ; and I cannot help thinking that the urgent necessity of such a society was im- pressed on him while staying here with his brother.
In the memoirs of Lord Sufheld (Norwich, 183S), reference is made to a terrible storm which scattered the east coast v.-ith wrecks in November, 1823, and to Lord Sufficld and I\Ir. Bu.xton passing the night on the beach near Cromer, and aiding in saving the crew of a vessel off Bacton. Mr. Bacon, the author of these memoirs, states that Lord Sufineld sent off the next day to the Lord Lieutenant, Mr. Coke, and Mr. Edmund Wodchouse, pro- posing to institute " An association for preserving the lives of shipwrecked mariners on the whole line of the coast of Norfolk." This may be so, and yet Dr. Rye may have been the lirst to suggest it. Anyhow, he has always had the credit of being the founder of the Society.
In 1824, a project was set on foot by which it was proposed to create a novel sort of port in the adjoining village of Overstrand, by laying down one of " ^Morgan's Slips," which was to project sufficiently far into the sea to receive the keel of a vessel during high water, which is then drawn by a capstan beyond the reach of the tide, where it can be unloaded " high and dry."
It came to nothing, however, for reasons set out in the memoir of Lord Suftield (p. 220).
78 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Shortly before this (1S22), the inhabitants, whose sea front had been cruelly cut up by the terrible storms of 1799 and iSio, began to see the absolute necessity of some defensive work, and the jetty was built at a cost of i^ 1.200.
It was soon tested, for the memorable storm of 17 and 18 Feb., 1837 — vv'hcn the Bath House was swept away, a man being drowned, and two South Shields ships were ashore at the same time, one at each end of the town — must have strained and knocked it about considerably, and in 1S45, another storm washed it right away.
Under a private Act of 1S45, the present facing walls and jetty were erected at a cost of £6,000, the rate on property facing the sea being 20s. on the yearly value. The engineer was a Mr. Wright, whose work does him credit.
Of late years the trade of the town dwindled away to nothing, a little timber and coal being imported by beaching the ships and carting away their contents at low tide ; but this is quite extinct now that the railways have been opened. The only real business the natives now do is to attend to those who visit it as a watering place.
CHAPTER IV.
'^Be f^icfori? of i^e f OurcO or ^BurcBes.
3fs '^vezcxxt §>tatc — tBe ^Viztovi} of fBe ^5r>oar>son
an6 f^e "g^ccforxs an6 p'icars.
.. "A goodly church stands on these brittle grounds, Not many fairer in Great Brittaia's bounds ; And if the sea shall swallow it, as some fear, 'Tis not ten thousand pounds-- the hke would rear. - _ No Christian can behold it but wiLh grief,
And with my heart I wish them quick relief."
{Taylor., the Water Fact., on Cromer in 1623, seepage 64).
It is tolerably clear there have been three churches, viz., one now out to sea, another on which the present church is founded, and the third which is new standing.
By the entry in the " Norwich Domesday" referred to on p. 122, it appears there was a church of some importance standing at Shipden in the time of Edward I. (1272, S:c.), but of its earlier history we know nothing. Even at the time it is so mentioned, its foundations could not have been ver}^ secure, for less than half a century aften.vards — in 13 17 — the greater part of the churchyard had been wasted by the encroaching sea, and in 1337 the church itself threatened to fall from the same cause.
In the latter year it was found by an Inquisition,-f- dated April, 10 Edward III., that the old churchyard had been wasted by the
• Very true, Master Taylor, We are messing away about that amount in mending the tower and rebuilding the chancel alone.
t Inq. "poit mortem" (really an inq. ad quod dam), 10 Edward III., No. 29, second numbers.
L
80 CROMER, PAST AND TRESENT.
sea for twenty years ; that John Broun proposed to give as a site for a new church a piece of land held by him of the manor of North Crcyk of Hugh dc Saxham, who held it of Earl Marshall by military service ; and that John Broun had sufficient land at Totington to satisfy all services Sic, due by him. Soon after, the King, on the petition of John de Lodbrok, then rector, of the said John Broun, then patron, and of the parishioners, granted a license in mortmain, dated 15th April, 10 Edward III.,* setting out the above facts, and giving the patron license to grant such land (an acre with its appurtenances) in Shippedene to build a church thereon de novo, and for a churchyard. Whether the expression, "pro quadam ecclcsia in eadem terra dc novo construenda," implies the building of a new church on the site of an old one may be questioned ; but I am inclined to think it does, as the present church, as I shall hereafter show, is undoubtedly built on the foundations of an earlier edifice. It may be that the Shipden which was soon after submerged by the sea, was the " Shipden juxta mare," as it is sometimes called, and that the new church was built on the site of an old cl^urch at *' Shipden juxta Fel- brigge." Both affixes appear in early documents, and may refer to two different places.
The old church of St. Peter of Shipden doubtless soon fell a victim to the rapidly encroaching waves, and, according to the general opinion of the inhabitants, now lies under water about four hundred yards out to sea, reckoning from a little to the east of the end of the jetty. At this spot is still a mass of squared flints, joined by mortar and partly covered by seaweed, which the fisher- men call the " Church Rock,'' and which stands out above the water at very low tides, especially when the water is driven off the shore by a v/ind from the land. Some few, however, assert that the lost church lies out to sea half a mile further to the west, where blocks of similar masonr}'- may also be seen.f
The new church, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, instead of St. Peter only, was a most magnificent building, and it is difficult, looking at the insignificant village now surrounding it, to imagine how the vast expenditure for its erection could have
• Patent Roll, 10 EJw. III., m 26.
t Smaller blocks of square llint-work can be seen every low tide not far from the end of the jetty and a little to its west.
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES. 8 1
been met * especially as (with one exception) it must have been built at one time, and by one architect.
The work was probably continuous, but long on hand.f The site was obtained in 1337. In 13SS, John Gosselyn, then vicar, left a legacy to make a window at the east of the chancel, and refers to two chapels, while in 1391, Simon Chylde left six marks by his will for glass for one of the south windows ; but these two are the only bequests of any consequence I can find, though gifts of smaller sums to the fabric, Sec, arc numerous. Kerrich, in his very valuable notes on this church,^ calls it a noble 4 cento church, and thinks nothing now rem.ains as early as 1396, the date for- merly ascribed to it. On the other hand, the door of the south porch before it was " restored " (the original is still in existence), is identical with work dated by Rickman, 1371— 13S2.
Whether the builders thought the site for the churchyard too small, or the vicar wished his own premises increased, I do not know, but in 1393, Geoffrey de Somerton granted to the Prior and Convent of the Carthusians a piece of land, 200 ft by 60 ft., adjoining the Rectory.;.! ,
Whatever this was for, it obviously could not have been as Blomefield surmises, for the site of the present church, the mere walls of which cover a greater area. Blomefield also makes a strange mistake in ascribing the gift of this land to Sir William Beauchamp. The same license in mortmain which permits the Carthusians to take the grant from De Somerton of this slip of land at Shipden, also allows them to receive a gift from De Beauchamp of some land in London, and I suppose this is how the confusion arosc.§
The coat armour in the church windows and elsewhere must have been very interesting. The best record of it is to be found in Robert Kemp's Notes on the z-\rms in Cromer Church, "made in 1575" (Harl. MS., 901), [but dated 17 January, 1500?].
• The lost port of Shipden— now far out to sea— was a great and populous place, filled wilh thriving and opulent merchants. For some notes of its trade, vide a)itd chapter iii.
t There are two old wells in the churchyard, now filled up, which are said to have been dug for the use of the workmen when the church was built.
X Add. MS. Brit. Mus., 6756, and vide 673S and 675S, alio contain Cromer sketches.
B Patent Roll, 16 Ric. H., part I, in- 3.
§ It is sad to see this error religiously perpetuated to this day by the local guide books.
82 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
He describes them thus : —
1. Erphigham. Vert a " scutcheon simple " and an " urie " of
" merles " arnf. This (his ?) timber and crest in a crown gu., a pkime of feathers arg.
2. Felbrigg. Or, a lion saliant gu., his timber and crest on a
crown gu., a plume of feathers erm., the loppe (? top) of the plume broad.
3. Drayton. Gu. on a chev. arg. 3 roses gu., his crest set on a
torce or and az., a ram's head arg. norned or and az.
[Blomefield says, whence I know not, that the arms of Sir Robert Knowles were in the church, and these are much the same arms as those ascribed to Knowles of Aylsham, (Codex A., 95 .)
The Knollys family held land in Shipden, see a Fine of Michs., 29 Henry VHI. (X. E., p. 560) ; but I cannot trace that any one of the naae of Drayton ever had to do with this place.
Probably on the strength of this mistake of Kemp's, the compiler of Codex B., lias in Xo. 152, ascribed this coat to Drayton, though in No. 151, he gives the old coat of Drayton, viz., Per pale indented G. and B., a lion ramp. or, an error which, of course, bas been followed in Burke's Armoury].
4. [? ScotL-\ of York.— W. R.] Arg. 3 Kathcrine wheels sa.
5. Uffurd. Sa. a cross engrailed or.
6. Wootion impaling Brampton. Gu. a chevr. ar. between 2 cross
crosslets and one annulet or " gouiie " (Pmeaning) impaling Gu. a saltier between 4 crosses utdiy botonny arg. [This is for the match between John Wotton of N. Tuddenham with Margaret, daughter of Robert Brampton of Bramp- ton, who died in 146S. This coat also occurs in North Tuddenham Church, sec Farrer's Church Heraldry of Norfolk, i. p. 323. Blom.^eld (x. p. 205) refers to Richard Arnold of Shipden dying in 1472, possessed of Clere's manor in N. Tuddenham, which afterwards came to the Wotton family, and this connection may be the reason
• " Three Norfolk Armouries. "
t There ucr; Scotts here, but I fancy nctt Arojigerous.
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES. 83
why this coat is here. Wini.im Brampton, Esq., was party to a fine here in 21 Henry VIII. (X. E., p. 560), and it is possible that the John Brampton, the elder, to whom a letter was addressed in 147 1, about a rumour of invasion, may have been a Cromer man, for he is asso- ciated (J.a.) with a Henry Spiiman, which is quite a Cromer name. On a brass at Sprowston Knollys im- pales Brampton, and we have seen that Blomfield ascribes coat No. 3 here to Knollys].
7. [Arnold ? — W. R.] Arg. 2 dolphins hauriant completant (sic;
sa. on a chief gu. 3 scallops an
8. [? ]. Per chevron sa. and ar. 3 seamews' heads
erased and countercharged.
9. [Plantajenct]. Az. florette az. quartering Gu. 3 leopards or a
label az. bezanted.
10. [Bishop of Norwich]. Az. 3 mitres or.
11. [Bckeswcll]. Ar. 6 anulcts sa. v/ithin a border engrailed gu.
12. [Bacon quartering Stanhow]. Gu. on a chief arg. 2 mullets sa.
pierced or quartering. Qr and az. barry of 6, over all a bend gu.
[This coat is usually ascribed to Bacon of Gillingham and Garboldisham ; but was probably adopted by them from the arms of the older family of Bacons of Thurgarton (a branch of the Bacons of Baconsthorpe), who bore Gu. [a boar passant ar.] in chief, a crescent between 2 estoils or.
Elizabeth Repps married Ralph Stanhow,* of Beding- field, Suffolk (Norf. Vi:iitn., p. 196).
13. Clere.
14. Heydon.
15. Berney.
Two of the four chapels which can now be traced were coeval with the church, and arc mentioned, though not by name, in John Gosselyn's will of 1388.
One of these two older chapels was the Chapd of our Lady cf
• Stanhow of BcJiiigfidd, SufTulk, one of whom married in Repps, Norf. Vis., p. 151.
8^. CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Pity, in which was an image to, and an altar of, the Blessed Virgin Mary.* A guild of the same name— '^ Our Lady's Guild of Pity "—was held in this chapel.f and a light of our Lady, which was no doubt sustained by such guild, burned before her image. J
The other chapels were the Chapel of the Good Cross, mentioned in the will of John Andrews, who left a legacy for its emendation in 1480 ; the Chapel of St. Nicholas, in which Richard Brandon was buried in 1434,;! and in which was St. Nicholas' light,§ probably tended by a guild of the same name ; and Maid Ridi- bone's Chapel^, the only mention of which, I find, is in Henry Shelle's will of 15 14.
Besides these chapels there were probably shrines and images belonging to the Guilds of St. Peter, St Anne, St. George,** St. Trinity,tt St James,;; and St. John the Baptist, all of which guilds are mentioned in the wills of different inhabitants, making with the two named before no less than eight guilds held in this church. All of these no doubt had lights, besides which were the Plough Light,;:; to which nearly every one left a legacy, the Women's Plough Light,§§ the Plough Light in Estgate (will of Nicholas Gloyte, 149 1, w^hich also mentions the Great Plough Light), the light on the High Rood Loft,^*; St Nicholas' Light (will of William Rudde, 1452), and the light of St. Saviour.***
There v.-as an image of SL IMary and St. Ann, the mother of St. Mary, on the north side of the church (see will of William
♦ Will of John Skylman, 1462.
t Will of John Andrews. 1480.
+ Will of John Mariyn, 1409.
II Blomefield, vol. viii., p. io5.
§ Will of Henry Shelle, 1514.
\ For a notice of this quaint quasi-canonized female, see an able paper by the Rev. James Buhver, in the Norf. Arch. Sk. Original Papers, vol. ii., p. 290.
•• In I4S7, John Mason left a legacy to this guild on condition that he had the use of its light about his hearse at his funeral.
tt The image of the Holy Trinity is mentioned in Richard Chylde's will, 1459.
XX John Fetche's will, 1453.
IJII The Beeston Plough Light is called the " Light of the Holy Trinity, called Plow- candell," in the will of Simon Reed, dated 1432.
§^ Henr)- Shelle's will, 1 5 14.
^\ John Anderson's will. 15 14.
**• John Hermers will, 1402.
THE IIISTORV OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES. 85
Mannysficld, 1424), and the ;image of the Holy Trinity is men- tioned in 1459.
The poor man's box is mentioned in the will of James Payn, dated 155 1.
The ornaments and vestments of the church were, we know, of extreme splendour, as appears by the Inventory* of them, taken by the King's Commissioners in 6 Edward VI , of which the fol- lowing is a copy : —
Cromer. This Inventor\'e indented, made the ij*^^ daye of Septem- ber, in the vj'*^ yeare of the raign of o"^ Sou^'aign Lord Edward the sext, by the g=^ce of God Kyng of Englond, ffrance, & Irelond, Defendo"" of the faythe, & in earthe of the churche of Englond, and also of Irelond, the su^me heade, Betwen Willfn ffa\-rmo'', John Robsart, Xpofer Heydon, knyghts, Osbert ]\Ioundeford, Robt Barney, and John Callybutt, Esquuyers, ComissioSs, amongest others assigned by vcrtue of the kyngs mat* commission to them directed, for the survey of Church goods in Norff, on thoon ptye, and Rychard Cloyte, WilhTi Sadler, Will- Colbck £: Robert Blofeld of the sayd town on thother ptye, W'ytnesseth yt ther remayneth in the custodye of the sayd Rychard, Willm, Willm, and Robt, the daye of the date hereof, the pcells under wreten.
ffyrst, ij chales, w' ij patens of silv dobill gilt, Wherof the first weythe
.9
I
XX ounce, & ye ij^^ xix ounce, at ( ^"J ' '^
f, at ( Sm. j
iiij* iiij'^ y* ounce Sm.
Itm one sute of red clothe of bawd- \ kyn (vid}) a cope, a vestmt, ij I viij''
tunycles, & iij albys, pryce J
Itm an other sute of blak sylke, a -x
cope, a vestmt, ij tunycles, & iij > viij*
albys, p'ce J
Norf, Church Coeds, Public Record OfBce, vol. 50*, No. 21.
86
CROMER, PAST AND TRESEXT.
Itm V coopcs whereof the first of ^ whytc sylkc \v* roses, price iij', y^ ij^e of clothe of golde, pre xxxx\
the
iij^
of crimson vcllctt, vj^ J> Iviij' viij
viij , y^ iiij'^ of whytc damaske iiij*, the v-^* of blue damaske, p<^e V* Sm
Itm vij vestments whereof the first >| of whyte silk w' roses p'ce ij^ y^ ij'-"* of cloth of bawdkyn, pryce iij', the iij''^ of cPv-mson vellett vy \'u'y\ the iiijth of whyte damask iij\ the v*-'* of red sylkc of Bryges, ij^ the vj''* of red sylke bourde alysander xij'', the vij ■' of grcne damaske v'
Sm J
Itm a canapye of peynted clothe & iiij alter clothes & a vayle ij* Sin vj' [This line is struck out].
Itm a crossc of laten, ij grett stand- \ yng candclstykks of latcn, iiij small I candelst}^kks of laten, an holy - water stoppe of laten, weying Ixxviij'' at ij^ >•« H Sm*
Itm ij pewter basons and ij hand ) bells, pryce
Itm V. stcplc bells, weyng by esti- macon Ixij-, whereof the first viij<=, iij^= xij<=, y^ iiij'h xviij^, at xv^ the c. Sm..
Itm v [struck out and 4 substituted]
/
the ij^= xS th.c xiiijc, & the v^"^
XXIIJ' VIIJ''
xiij"
xni/
r Xhf
clapps to the same bells, weyng
xj'^ pounds, at i'^ y* li. Sm. x''
[The weight is struck out — and
"valued at vij-" substituted]. Whereof Assigned to be occupyed & used in thadministracon of divine svice, both ther (sic) sayd chales of xxxix ouncf and bell of xviij"= with the clapp.
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES.
s;
In Wytnes whcrof the sayd commissions & others, the sayd psns, ptics to thes psents have sett thcr hands the daye S: yer above wreten.
Robert Bristowe (?) W'yllm Sadler.
[In the marc;in is the following note: " Gylde Stufe — Itm iij brasse potts of Ix'', at iiij'^ y^ li. Sm. xx*. Itm xl' of pewter, at iiij- the 1'. Sm. xiij^ ui'yK Itm ij spets weying
xij'', at i'^ ye 1'. Sm. xij^
Itm a masour, \v' ij ouncf of
silv (by estmacon} pee, vi^ viij'^."]
Guilds, lights, and ornaments alike were, however, swept av.-ay by the Reformation, and in another century the church had fallen out of repair, especially in the chancel, which had been sacl}- neglected.
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88 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
There was a brief for restoration of the church in 1664 (E. A. iv., p. 282), and see a letter as to this brief in i6j6 in Tanner's MS.S. (Bodl.), vol. 312, No. 3.
In 16S1 the chancel was so dilapidated that it would have cost over /"looo to rebuild it — at least, so said the Rev. Tho. Gill,* Rector of Ingworth, who v/as lessee of the great tithes under the Bishop of Ely, and whose duty it consequently was to keep it in repair ; — and the Bishop of Norwich, to his shame be it said, gave his consentf on the 30th Nov., 168 1, to Gill to pull it down, and build up three walls at the end of the three aisles to stop the dilapidations extending further. The result of this consent was the ruin shown on the last page.
The order was as follows : —
An order concerning Cromer Chancell.
Antony by divine Permission Bishop of Norwich. To o"" trustie i welbeloued Thomas 0:11 of Cromer, Clerke & Rector of the parish Church of Jngworth in the County of Norft. & Diocesse of Nonvcb, Health in o^ Lord God Ew^lasting, Whereas wee were lately informed, That the Lord Bishop of Ely hath graunted you the said Thomas Gill a Lease of the Tythes of Cromer within this o^ diocesse of Norwch Vpon Condicon that you the said Thomas Gill shall i v.-ili convert the Chancell of the said parish Church of Cromer now ^ of a long time ruined i decayed according to this o^ order herevnd^ written And for the better ordering &: converting the said Chancell the said Lord Bishop of Ely : hath added ^^ allowed you out of his fiine five 5: Thirty Pownds & all the Materialls thereto belonging soe that it may be done to or satisfaction Wee therefore did issue out o^ Commission to view & inspect the Premisses to o^^ trusty weibeioued S'' Augustine Palgraue Baronett, Willm. Wyndham Esq, Nabbs Browne Gent, Richard Eilis Gent, And Thomas Eyres William Ashmore Robert Marshall & WiUiam Williams Clerkes bearcing date the i6th day of Novemb"" 16S1. Since v.hich wee hauc receiucd a Certi-^^cate vnder the hands & scales of the said S^ Augustine Palgraue Bart, Robert Marshall Willm. Ashmore Clerkes & Nabbs Brown 5: Richard Ellis Gent, adviseing vs That the dilapidacons of the said Chancell are soe great that it cannot be rebuilt without vaste Charge in the Judgement of sunicient worke-
• ^^'ho this man was, I do not know. But it is not impossible he was a kin to that ardent republican, Alexander Gill, (Mr.ster of S:. Paul's School), whose brother, Nathaniel Gill, was the eccentric rector of Burgh, by Aylsham, in 1638. (See Genealo- gist, vol. v., p. 81.)
t Lib. Fac. !., fo. 98.
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES. 89
men 6.: others, The Charj^e amounting to the Summc of one thowsand povvnds & vpwards And therefore doe Judge it more convenient That the Materialls of the Chancell be taken down & Three walls built, vp att the End of the three Jsles by w^^ mcancs the Church v.ilbe the better strengthened & pserued from farther Ruine & Dilapidacons And haueing viewed the Materialls about the said Chancell doe Judge That the moneyes ariseing from the sale of the same together with the 35I added &; allowed by the said Lord Bishop of Elye or v.ith verie little more may build vp the Three walls And haueing viewed the said Church doe know it to be capatious enough without the Chancell to containe all the Jnhabitants of the said Towne of Cromer for the vse Qf divine service & may more if they resort thither And forasmuch as you the said Thomas Gill hath given vs sufficient securite for the l^formance of this o"^ Order heere vndr v^-ritten Wee doe therefore authorize & pmitt you the said Thomas Gill Gierke to take downe, convert &: make sale of the s J Ivlatenalis belonging to the said Chancell and Vestrie apperteineing >S: being a parte of the same & with the same to build the said Three walls well & sufnciently And also to give an Accompt that the same is well S: sufnciently done att or before the Nine & Twentyeth day of September which shalbe in the yeare of Cr Lord one Thowsand Six hundred Eighty & three Jn witncs whereof we haue caused the scale of o' Vicar geniii.il which wee vse in this behalfe to be herevnto sett Dated this Thirtyeth day of Novembr Ao Diil. 16S1 Sz in the Sixth yeare of o^ Translacoii
ffor the Comission & Bands herein looke the fnle for faculties for seats
The work of demolition is said to have been completed by gun- powder (I sincerely wish the reverend gentleman had been seated on the mine at the time of its explosion), and the rood-screen and loft, if not already down, must have been sacrificed when the chancel arch was blocked up.
The appearance of the church, when Blomefield wrote, is well shown by the reproduction of his plate on the next page.
In 1758, a detailed estimate was given of repairs then thought necessary to be done to the church, and this I have printed at page xHii. of Appendix. It is a melancholy document and speaks for itself. Apparently the money was not raised, and matters grew worse and worse. In 1767, most of the roof of the nave and aisles had fallen in, and the rest had been pulled down to avoid acci- dents ; while the floor, windows, and walls were so decayed that it would have required at least ^1000 to repair them, — a sum much
90
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
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too large for the inhabitants, who were chiefly poor fishermen and a few tradesmen, who could only raise ^^250 wherewith to repair the roof with good oak, and cover it with slate or tile, &c. This we learn from the preamble of a memorial to the Bishop for liberty to sell four of the bells, and the lead and timber of the old roof, in aid of the repairs.
The Bishop gave the following faculty required on the 21st April, 1767 :—
ffaculty to sell ffour Bells occ. belonging to Cromer Church to- wards Re-edifying the same.
Philip by divine permission Bishop of Norwich To our beloved in Christ Anthony Ditchell ar.d Robert Plumbly Churchwardens of the parish and parish Church of Cromer in the County of Norfolk within our Diocess and Jurisdiction sendeth Greeting. Whereas we have lately received a petition under your Hands as also under the Hands of divers other principal Inhabitants of the said parish of Cromer Shewing unto us, That your said parish Church of Cromer (a large Antient and spacious Building) is very much decayed by time, the
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OR CHURCHES. QI
Roof chiefly fallen down and the Remainder, for preventing further Damage, with great Danger and Expence have been taken down and that the filoor Windows and Walls are much decayed so that at a moderate Estimate the same cannot be Re-edined according to the former State and Condition thereof for so little Expence as one Thousand pounds which is a much larger Sum than can be raised by the Jnhabitants of the said parish who chiefly consist of poor ffisher- men and some few Tradesmen, Yet being ver\- desirous of having a proper place for the decent Worship of God have jointly agreed to raise by subscription upwards of Two hundred and ffifty pounds which they purpose to apply towards new Roofing, the said Church with 'good oak and covering the same with Slate or Tile and also putting the Body of the said Church into such order as that (although it be not restored to its former State) Divine service may with decency be cele- brated therein But that the sum so agreed to be raised as aforesaid being far short of what will be wanted for the said intended Work the said petitioners therefore humbly crave our Licence or ffaculty to sell ffour of the five Bells belonging to the said Church and the Lead that came off the main Roof. And also such of the Timber or Board of the sd Roof as may be found Saleable and to apply the Money arising by such sale in aid of the Expence of Re-edifying the said Church in the manner above proposed as in and by the said petition now Re- maining in our Registr}' may more fully appear Now know ye that we the said Bishop being, as well from our personal knowledge of the State and Condition of the said Church as from other Circumstances thoroughly satisfied of the Truth of the ffacts set forth in your said petition, Have thought fit to give and grant and by these presents (so far as by Law we may or canj Do give and grant unto you the Church- wardens aforesaid our License or ffaculty to sell and dispose of nour of your said five Bells and the Lead that came off the Main Roof of your said Church And also such of the Timber and Board of the said Roof as may be found saleable and to apply the Money arising by such sale towards Re-edifying your said Church and making the same fit and convenient for the decent Celebrating Divine Service therein in the manner and as proposed in and by your said petition .Sc is dated 21 April 1767.
And the materials, I find, from a memorandum given me a few years ago by the late Mr. Simon Simons, of Cromer, sold as follows :— 26 tons of lead at £\2, £i\2 ; 52 cwt of bells at £1 i6s., ^^197 i-s. ; old materials* ^20. Total ^^529 12s. Elsewhere,
• I shudder when I think what brasses, carved wood-work, ic, ic, were probably included in this item. A brief for rebuilding the church is in Brit, Mus., B. viii. 6.
92 CROMEK, PAST AND PRESENT.
however, I find that altogether 30 tons of lead were sold at ^15, which would make £138 more, and, with the ;^250 to be collected, very nearly the whole of the i^iooo required.
The money so raised was religiously expended in the highest style of churchwardens' architecture, to the intent of rendering the church as wind and water-tight, and as hideous as possible, for the money. The dilapidated tracery of the windows— stained glass and all— was knocked out, and wooden frames of a plainness beyond conception substituted ; while high pews were erected, a great west gallery was run up, and, in fact, nearly everything done that could possibly spoil what little was left of the architectural beauty of the church.
On the 18 August, 1792, the organ was opened by :\lr. J. Beckwith, of Xorv/ich (Xorf. Rememb.).
It was reserved for the authorities in 1840, to put the finishing touch to a century and a half of vandalism ; for, to obtain 54.0' extra sittings, they pulled down the west gallery, and not only built it up again, which was bad enough, but erected two others along the aisles, which was worse.
A better day, however, was in store for the grand old building. A few years ago a strong feeling began to show itself that the state of the church, the architectural beauty and marvellous ornamenta- tion of which made it so v.-eli known all over England, was a disgrace to the parish ; and there were not wanting those who came forward nobly with funds for its restoration.
The lord of the chief manor, Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq., be- behaved like lords of manors used to do in the old church- building times, and gave over £1700 to the fund, which reached £4,807 19s. 6d., all spent on the restoration.
Besides this large sum many special gifts came in, a list of which, and of the worthy donors, I give below,* and the result has
* The Nave Roof, by B. B. Cadsell, Esq., C. Buxton, Esq., M.P., Sir T. F. BuxTO.v, Bart., M.P. The Aisle Roofs, by B. B. C.xsrELL, Esq. Four ^Vindo\vs, by B. B. Caubell, Esq. One Window, by Sir T. F. and Lady Victoria Buxton. One Window, by S. Gitrney Bcxton and E. N. Buxton, Esqs. One Window, by H. Birkp.kck, Esq. One Window, Memorial to late Mr. Heath. One Window, Memorial to late Mr. Charles Stewart Earle.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH. 93
been what every one must admit to be a most happy restoration, which was ably superintended by IMr. Brown, an architect of Norwich, with the help of Mr. Newman, a master builder of Jetty Street, who did his work very thoroughly, and has a most curious and extensive knov.ledge of the building, and to whom I w^as greatly indebted v/hen I compiled my former account of the church. The present restoration is supervised by Mr. Blomfield, the builders being strangers to these parts, which is a pity.
Up to March, 1SS9, the amount actually subscribed for the further restoration of tower and chancel amounted to ^754^ 2s. yd.
^^e '^vesent ^iaU of t&e f Burc^.
The present Church,* dedicated to St. Peter and St Paul, as originally constructed, consisted of a nave v/ith two aisles, north and south porches with chambers, chancel with two chapels, and a tower; to v/hich was added shortly afterwards a fine galilee, or
One Window, Memorial to the late Vicar, Rev. W. Sharpe.
One Window and Comsiunion Table, by the Misses Rudge and Friends.
The South Clerestory V\'indow:; and Font, by Mrs. Herring and Friends.
Organ and Restoration of North Porch, by Miss S. COLSON and Friends.
Pulpit, by Miss Ed'.vards, Hardingham Hall.
Reading Desk, by H. E., C. L., and F. W. Buxtqn, Esqs.
Lectern, by H. R. Pearsox, Esq., and Family.
Bible and Prayer Cook, by C. Williams, Esq.
Books for Communion Table, by Rev. F. Fitch and Family,
Alms Basins, and Linen Cloth and Napkins, by the Misses Soames.
Pavement for Communion space, by Miss Bkereton and Friends.
Stools for Communion space, by Miss Sueri-ngha.m.
Clock, by J. Glrney Barclay, Esq.
♦ There can be no doubt that the present fabric, whether it be that built about 1337 or not, is erected on the site of an earlier and smaller church. Immediately inside the pillars of the present chancel arch are the bases of two pillars of earlier work, standing about 2^ in. above the tloor, and when the church was re-tioored in 1S63-4, an older floor and the foundations of a small square (?) tower were discovered about 2^ ft. below the then surface. Twenty inches outside the modem wall which now blocks up the chancel arch, are the traces of the ba^e of an old chancel wall, now nearly level with the ground, composed of rough t:int-work cased on the east or outside with stone having a beviUed edge, and ending on the south with a buttre?s, which stands out about four feet firom the present walJ.
94
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
west porch, and still more lately a third chapel at the north-cast end of the chancel. Its style is throughout Early Perpendicular, and its material is flint, .squared v/ith great care, and the windows and buttresses are faced v.ith carved stone-work. It stands in a churchyard now measuring about 300 by 225 feet, but which for- merly extended far more to the east, the foundations of the old boundary wall having been discovered in the yard of a house in Brookes Street. The churchyard, indeed, is said to have once contained four acres,*
The, Nave was until recently divided from the chancel, the chancel arch having been v.-alled-up in i68r, as stated before. From east to west, viz., from the inside of the wall that blocked up the arch to the beginning cf the tower arch, the nave measures
Fig. I. Plan of the Pillars.
* The old rectory house stood on the site of a white house now lying in a line between the ruins of the chancel and the sea. A piece of land called Welle Yard, adjoining the rectory on its south side, wiih a \v;ll on it, was granted in the 6th Richard II. (13S3) by John, son of Reginakle de Eccles. and John Goselyn (who ne.xt year was the first vicar) to the king, Sir William de W.-.i'.eworth, knight, and John Plastyngs of Cromer. Witnesses— James, son cf William. J^hn Thommcs, Robert Br}'n}T:g, Adam Hare, John Howeson, and others.
In the 26 Elizabeth (15S4), the incumbent. Stephen Roberts, was sued by Robert Underwood and others for repairs of the Vicarage House.
The terrier of 1627 (30 .A.;)rii) mentions : —
" Imprimis on pece of ground caled the Vickrrige Yard lying between the lands of Joane Joly and others on the sowthe and the sea bankes on the north conteyTie by estemation thre rodes. '
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH. 95
100 ft 9 in., and its breadth (within the pillars supporting the roof) is 26 ft. 9^4^ in. The nave roof, which is a modern open- hammer beam one, of carved pitch-pine, rises 61 feet from the floor, reckoninj^ to the key beam, and is supported on either side by six arches, the pillars on the south being plain, but those on the north ornamented by tracery under the cappings. The nave is lit on each side by six Perpendicular windows,* and as many two-light clerestory windows, 7 ft. 9 in. high, topped on the outside by lion-head gurgoylcs. To the west of the last real window on either side is a " dummy," or imitation window^ with similar stone- work to the others, but filled in with flint-work (see fig. 4).
Figs. 2 and 3. "Cappings of Pillars."
The present Font is an octagon of Caen stone, erected some years ago at the cost of Airs. Herring. Portions of the old fontf have been utilised as a base for the present pulpit, which is, as are the modern reading desk, communion table and rail, beautifully carved in light wood by Chapman of Hanworth,
• In 1444, Simon Norman, of Filby (no doubt a kinsman of the then vicar), left ten marks for two new windows on the north part of the west end.
t The bowl of the old font is now in the garden of Mr. H. Sandford.
96
CROMER, PAST AND PRESEXT.
No traces of either Rood-screen or Loft now remain,* but they were probably of great magnificence, if we may judge from the frequent mention of them in early wills. It was put up about 1433, when William Crowmer, Lord Mayor of London, and a native of this place, left no less than £40 to the fabric of the new rood loft here. The will of William Shelle, in 1514, mentions a light on it. When the church was reseated at the late restoration, the old pews were found placed on beams of oak and horse- chestnut, richly painted and gilt, probably parts of the old screen or roof. From Robert Kemp's notes (which are said to have been taken in 1575, though the entry relating to Cromer is specially dated 17 Jany., 1500), it seems that the arms of Bacon quartering Stanhow then hung in painted cloth over the rood loft (North Erp., page 3). Another hatchment is that thus figured in Martin's Church Notes, /t'Wi- w^, and illustrated in the catalogue of my MS.S.
There was also a south aisle screen when IMartin took his Church Notes, which then bore the inscription : — " Orate p aiab) Johis Br5n 1 Agnetis uxoris ejus qui totum hoc opus cu pictura fieri fecfrut qoi; aiab} ppicietur de^ Amen."
The screens were probably removed in 168 r, when the arches were blocked up. The loft was reached by two staircases or rood- turrets (both still existent), formed outside the church. The more important one was that on the north side, where a door, 6 ft. 7 in. by 2 ft. II in. (now bricked up), opened through the north aisle
Fig. 4- Clerestory \rmdow3. • Except a faint suspicion of colour on the wall where the loft joined the rood-turret.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
97
wall into a six-sided rood-turret about twenty feet high, built outside the church and cased with stone, which has fallen away on the north and cast sides, leaving the staircase open to the church- yard. This staircase, which is circular and of three feet radius within, led up by seventeen steps to an entrance (now blocked up)
into the rood-loft. Level to the entrance, and on the west side of the staircase, is a niche or cupboard about three feet high and three feet deep, by a foot broad at the entrance, but widening out within. This recess is locally called the " Cobbler's Hole," and is said to have been used as a place of punishment or confinement,
98 CROMER, TAST AND PRESENT.
but probably served as a receptacle for. books, &c. The other and smaller entrance to the rood-loft was by a door (5 ft. 8 in. by i ft. .9 in.) in the wall of the south aisle, leading into a still perfect spiral staircase in the exterior of the church.
The Aisles are of the same length as the nave, and about thirteen feet wide clear of the pillars, the north aisle and the north aisle pillars measuring a trifle more than the south aisle and its pillars. Each aisle is lit by five Perpendicular windows on its side, and one of similar size and character at its west end. These windows, which are four-light, with transoms, are about 24 ft. high by 9 ft. II in. wide. Those on the south aisle were some years ago filled with stained glass : three by Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq., two by the Buxton family, and one by Henr\^ Birkbeck, Esq., but the colouring and design of all are feeble and poor. The east end of the south aisle was until recently partitioned off and used as a vestry ; and the small spiral staircase to the rood-loft mentioned above was converted into a chimney. Towards the west of this aisle a fine doonvay, 6 ft. 11 in. broad was closed by a very elabo- rately carved and beautiful oaken door,* probably coeval with the church itself, leads into the south porch. Half way up the north aisle are very deep vaults, but of what antiquity I do not know ; and at the west end of this aisle is the entrance to the north porch, now used as a vestry and referred to hereafter.
The Chancel was probably not completed in 1388, when John Gosselyn, then vicar, left ;^io to make a three-light window, with the figures of St. 'Slaty Magdalene, St Christopher, and St Katherinc, decently depicted thereon.
In 1 39 1, Simon Chyldc left a legacy for the emendation of the glass in the window on the east part of the church.
The " desks in the chancel " are mentioned in the will of William Tuke, the vicar, in 1521, who asks to be buried in the chancel, "in the entering between the desks."
The High Altar was no doubt magnificent. John Ward left no
• For no earthly reason this fine and perfect door was on the last " restoration " taken down and put up in the Tower, while a vile and impudent caricature of it was inserted in its place. In a somewhat long experience of cruelty to churches, this is the worst act of vandalism I have ever noticed. The iiluitration on page 97 is what it used to be. — W. R.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH. 99
less than 53s. 4d., in 1 504, for the gilclinc^ alone of it Of the plate on it we get an idea only from the Church Goods Inventory, printed at page 85, which refers to two chah'ces and patens of silver double gilt, weighing 20 and 19 ounces. Perhaps one of them was the "standing piece with a cover," lef: by Agnes Multon, in 1528, who also left " a little piece to make a jewel for the church."
There would seem to have been both great and small organs, for the keeper of the small organ had a legacy under the will of John Spynk, in 1500.
The chancel was blown down by gunpowder, as stated before, in or shortly after i6Sr, and the chancel and aisle arches were blocked up with square flint-work, and a rough round-arch three-light window made about three-fifths up the wall, filling in the chancel arch. *" A small east door was also constructed under the new window, but both have since been closed up, — the window with brick and the door with flint-work. The pitch of the chancel roof may still be seen against the wall above the chancel arch. Rec- koning from the modern barrier-wall mentioned above, the chancel measures 56 ft. 4 in. in length. Its breadth is the same as the nave, and it is flanked for rather more than half its length by north and south chapels, exactly corresponding in height, breadth, and elevation, with the aisles of the nave. The chancel walls are nearly all down, in fact that on the south, which is the most perfect, stands only four feet from the ground at its highest part. In this south wall (hard against the east wall of the south chapel) is a Priest's Door, of which only the bases of the carved door-posts and the lintel (3 ft. wide) now remain nearly level with the ground.f Immediately inside this door was a fine Purbeck marble monu- mental slab, now decayed and in small pieces. Towards the east of this doorway, three steps, composed of red tiles (4I in. by 19 in.) lead up to a higher level, which is paved with the same-sized tiles, some bearing a yellow glaze, and a few having a fleur-de-lis on them. Along the south wall this tiling is very perfect, and extends
• From this point the description of the rains is quoted from a little work by me on the church printed in 1S70.
t When the rubbish within this doorway was cleared away some years ago, a stone was found, with the figure of a man with a sword by his side prostrated before a scroll, which is now in Mr. Sandford's garden. In the present restoration, not only was this not worked in, but the bases and lintel referred to were taken away ! Xot far from it was also found a curious old key, 18 in. long, now in Mr. Sandford's possession.
100 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
on the same level to the extreme cast end of the chancel, and is also found along the north wall. The whole of the chancel is covered up with the great fragments of wall which were thrown down on its destruction, and which lie about, one above the other, in half a dozen immense masses, flung about, but barely broken, their flint-work remaining as perfect as though made yesterday. These unwieldly fragments have prevented me from examining the chancel floor very minutely, and it has been only by grovelling under them and clearing away the debris with my hands, that I have been able to make out the old level of the floor. While groping about among the rubbish, under where the great east window must have fallen, I have often found small pieces of painted glass and slate.*
" A little to the south of the centre of the chancel, and now level with the ground, is a large slab of hard stone, 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. I in. ;• probably, from its central position, the Founder's Tomb, which until recently was crossed and worn away by a path or right of way over the chancel ruins.+ Immediately to the east of this slab is a larger one of soft red stone, 7 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft i in., and within living memory there were in the chancel ruins very many others, some bearing brasses, all of which are now gone. Two of the slabs are now in the north porch ; but the brasses ?
" Each Chapel is 29 ft. 2 in. in length, and has, or rather had, two windows, counterparts of those in the aisles. Of the SOUTH Chapel the pier of the more westerly window is still standing, but
* Mr. G. Sandford has a large quantity of fragments of stained glass found here and elsewhere in the church, but none lar;je enough to be described. On two different pieces are the words "fenestra" and "mari,"' which probably referred to the gift of a window as a thanksgiving for rescue from, or propitiation against, the perils of the sea. Mr. Jarvis has a much larger collection of fragments of glass, which he has unluckily worked up in a frame with glass obtained from other churches. Among them are representations of chuich windows, arches, ic, which may possibly be meant for the present or the earlier church. With his permission, I shall some day illustrate these.
t This path, now happily closed, was not much used after sunset, for the old ruins are an eerie place in the dark, and there is more than one ghost storj' lingering about them. An old man I employed some years ago to clear away some of the rubbish, told me that not long ago, as he was crossing the chancel at night, a little child-like tigure, dressed in white, rose from the ground within an arm's length of him, and gradually increased in height till its face was level with his, and that then all of a sudden a great gash appeared across its throat, the blood poured down in a torrent over its white clothes, and it vanished like a tlaih, leaving a sigh sounding in his ears.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH. 10 1
its companion has fallen inwards, in a still unbroken mass, since the sketch of it was taken for Blomefield's Norfolk, which shows it still up. Most of the cast wall of this chapel has also fallen, what remains only averaging three feet high, its thickness being two feet Within this chapel and towards its east end are three low foundation walls of round boulder-work, now level with the ground, which apparently once formed the sides of a table-tomb and sup- ported a slab. There are also traces of red-tile steps leading up to its south-east end, where the chapel altar probably stood.
" The North Chapel is almost entirely down and presents no feature of interest. To the east of it are the tolerably perfect walls of what was apparently another Chapel, palpably of later con- struction, as it must have obstructed the light of the chancel, against the north wall of which it was reared. This was probably once used as a vestry, and may be the vestry mentioned in the Bishop of Norwich's license of i6Si. It is now enclosed by iron railings and used as a burying-place for the Rust family."
The Tower, the inside measurement of which is 22 ft 8 in, from east to west, and 22 ft. 6h in. from north to south, is divided from the nave by the tower arch, the pillars supporting which measure six feet across.* In the north wall is a large pointed recess, 5 ft 3 in. broad by 13 ft 8 in. high and 23 in. deep, probably once used as a receptacle for banner staves and processional crosses, &c. The doorway (8 ft 3 in. by 4 ft) leading to the tower staircase is in the junction of the north and west walls, a portion of the latter being angled off to make room for the door. Twenty winding steps lead to a recess in which was once the door opening on to the bell sollar (now pulled down), and in this recess, stowed away with some rubbish, are two hatchments, to the Wyndhams.f
In the clock chamber, which is eighty-two steps from the tower floor, is a splendid and costly clock, which is probably the finest in the county, and was given to the church by J. Gurney Barclay,
* Until recently the tower was disfigured by a gallery, and when the latter was taken down upwards of four hundred cartridges, reputed to have been placed there during the Peninsular War, were found behind its w^ood-work.
t First (dexter side shaded) Az. a choj. bet. 3 lions' heads or, on an inescutcheon of pretence Gu. on a chief ar. 3 mullets sa. Motto, " Au ion droit." Second (dexter side shaded), Wjudham as above, impaling Windham, beneath which is a scull and " Jiesurgam,^'
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
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Esq. From this chamber are doorways leading down by fourteen steps to either side of the nave roof ; and through a small window, lower than the floor, which looks down on to the nave, there was formerly access to the inside of the old roof.
Ninety steps up there is a doorway opening on to the top of the stair, where it is said a lamp was nightly exposed towards the sea before the lighthouse was built*
• This door is popularly known as " Harry Yaxley's Hole," from a boy of that name falling from it to the ground under somewhat pectiuar circumstances. It seems he in- duced a schoolmate to hold him over the edge by the heels, while he harried a "caddus's nist" some little way beneath. His friend while holding him suspended, insisted on
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
103
One hundred and fourteen steps in all bring one to the entrance to the bell chamber, which once had a peal of five fine bells, esti- mated in the 6th Edward VL* to weigh 62 cwt. Four of these bells (the ist, 2nd, 4th, and 5th) were sold under a faculty obtained on 2 1st April, 1767, as mentioned before, to raise funds for the repair of the church. They are said by local tradition to have been sold to Bow Church, near St. Paul's, and to have been carried to London by water, the captain of the ship that took them being one Tom Artis.f The four sold weighed altogether 52 cwt, and were estimated to be worth £ic,7 12s. od.
The remaining bell bears the following Leonine inscription in black letter.
iHtousf ^LJero ^it * 6abriel J^trt Seta iBade.
8?I.fc laSCiOi'TlOM
having more than his share of the young birds. ''Shahnut hev them," said Yaxley, "Then'll drawp thee," replied the other. " Drawp away," retorted Yaxley, which his amiable friend accordingly did. Yaxley fell a distance of 70 feet, but (how no earthly power can tell) came to no harm, was soon well enough to punch his friend's head, and afterwards went away as a man-of-war's man, returning after an eventful life to die quietly within sight of the tower he had fallen from.
• Norfolk Church Goods, vol. 504, No. 21.
t Very careful search, aided by Mr. Stahlschmidt, the authority on Middlesex bells, gives no suppoit to this tradition.
104
CROMER, PAST AND RRESENT.
Above the bcll-cliamber was a room just under the roof, entered from the staircase by a doorway about 4 ft. 6 in. high, and lit by eight very small windows. There is now no floor to this room, but the holes which the beams supporting the floor once ran into are still visible.
One hundred and seventy-one steps in all bring us. to the roof of the tower, which is surrounded by a stone parapet 3 ft 9 in. high, crested on each side by eight stone fleur-de-lis, while at each corner of the tower stands a handsome pinnacle 3 ft 5 in, square at the base, and about 13 ft 4 in. above the parapet The tower itself measures from the ground to the top of the parapet 147 feet, or with the pinnacles 160 ft 4 in., and is 35 feet square at the base. This base measurement does not, of course, include the eight tower buttresses, each of which stands out about 7 ft 2 in. from the tower, is 4 ft. 4 in. broad, and reaches (by five jambs,* the lowest of which is enriched with tracery), about 130 feet up the tower. The tower is lit on the west by a large four-light modern Perpen- dicular window immediately above the west door, and on all its sides by four splendid quatrefoil windows or " sound holes," elabo-
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u
View from the Top of the Tower.
• Near the top of the third jamb of the west buttress on the south side, was once a rose let in with dark llint, and on the corresponding part of the east buttress of the same side is a curiously-shaped cross of the same materiaL
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
105
rately traced,* above which arc four fine two-h'ght lancet windows, the tracery of which has recently been replaced. On the face of each side of the tower and above the last-mentioned windows are five plain stone shields, 2, i, and 2.
The flint work of the outside of the tower is very fine, as is shown by this illustration.
The cut stone-work, too, it will be noticed, is graceful and flow- ing, and, enlarged, as is shown by the illustration on p. 106.
• Illustrations of these windows are to be found in Parker's Glossary of Aichitecture, which also has an engraving of the battlements.
io6
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
The tower 1873.*
has twice been struck with lightning — in 1871 and
• "On Wednesday evening a heavy thunierstorm passed over Cromer, Norfolk, and the parish church was struck by ii;iitnin^. The south-west pinnacle of the tower was cut in two, and although it was still left standing it hxs been considered prudent to pull it down. The clock was also struck and injured, but the rest of the church escaped Ma- YiMX\"— Norfolk Chronicle, July, 1S71.
"About half-past one on Saturday a storm broke over Cromer, and the church was struck by lightning. Fortunately the conductor on the tower carried the electric fluid to the earth, yet such was the violence of the shock, that it tore up the earth round about for twenty yards. The lightning also forced itself through the wall of the tower three feet from the ground, where from the outside a spike is driven in to secure the conductor.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCIi
107
The Galilee or West Porch, which was long unroofed,* stands out 21 ft. 7 in. from the tower wall, and measures 15 ft. 6 in. broad inside. The arch of the doorway leading from it into the tower is 8 ft 6 in, wide, and richly double moulded, bearing on the outer moulding a blank shield and a rose charged with a quatrefoil alternately, and on the inner a shield and an angel alternately, while the two lower compartments of the inner moulding have an angel holding a shield.
Kerrich's Sketch of part of West Door.f
Outside of the church, and in the immediate neighbourhood of it, portions of the win- dows of private houses were knocked out, and also one square in the reading-room, which is at least two hundred yards distant from the church. It also disabled the tele- graph instrument at the Post Office, and did other damage. At the time of the shock, Miss K. Fitch was alone in the church practising on the organ." — Norfolk Chronicle, I2th April, 1873.
* "When this porch was repaired and roofed, I am sorry to add, a most incongruous battlement was run round it. This can, however, be removed at any time without in- juring the porch, and no doubt will bo before many years have passed. It is to be hoped the authorities in future will confine themselves to lovingly restoring the old work, and will not experiment on so grand a building." (I wrote thus in 1870, bat events have not fiilfilled my hopes.)
t Kerrich's sketch is inaccurate, the Angel shown is not on the lowest course, but the third from the bottom.
io8
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
mi
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5^&?<'-4icri*
specimen of Oraaments of the Galilee.— See also illustration on page 109.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
109
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Spccimeos of Ornament of Tower Door inside West Porch.
no
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
The outer entrance of this porch measures 9 ft 3 in. across, and at either side of it is a shield bearing two keys crossed in saltire, the emblems of St. Peter. Within the porch, which has narrow stone seats running along its sides, are eight fine monumental slabs, five incised for brasses, and one, which bears a pall and measures 7 ft. 9 in. by 2 ft. 9 in., originally had an inscription round its edge, of which the words "God Have" only are now legible.
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The North Porch, now closed up, and used as a vestry,* was until recently extremely dilapidated, the walls being detached and rocking at every high wind. It stands out 19 feet from the ex- terior of the wall of the north aisle, is 16 feet broad on the outside, and is lit by two windows, one on either side of it, and measuring 6 ft. 8 in. by 4 ft 10 in. over all. The entrance to it from within was through a large doorway, 9 ft. 2 in. broad, at the west end of the north aisle, which doorway was a long time ago blocked up, but is now re-opened. It had an oak door much patched up and
• In this vestry is the church chest, in which are contained, besides the Arnold brass and the town books, referred to hereafter, a copy of "Certain Sermons or Homilies appointed to be read in Churches in the time of Queen Elizabeth of Famous memory, and now thought fit to be reprinted by authority from the King's Most Excellent Majesty." Oxford, 1CS3. On its ily leaf is written, '* Robert Richardson owned this, and bought it at Norwich, June ye l6th, 1690, and cost Tenn Shillings."
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
II
mutilated and marked with bullet holes, as though it had been used for a target* See illustration on the last page.
Above this porch is a porch chamber (from which there is a hagioscope or "squint-hole" into the church), lit by a small and comparatively modern window in its wall, and approached by a circular staircase of twenty-two steps formed on the outside of the church, and entered by a small door, 5 ft. 2 in. by 2 ft. 3 in., in the west corner of the north aisle. This staircase is continued to the roof of the aisle, and has three small windows. The porch chamber
! Ml
• It is probably this circumstance that gave rise to the absurd and wholly unsupported fable that the damage done to the church was done by Cromwell's troopers.
P
112 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
has a flrc-placc in its west wall, and what was apparently a neces- sariiim in the corner, with a drain pipe running through the thick- ness of the aisle wall. The doorway from the north porch into the church is a very fine one. Some of the details are shown in Kerrich's notes.
The South Porch is somewhat smaller than the North, standing out fifteen feet only from the exterior of the aisle wall and having an outside breadth of twelve feet. Its west side has been repaired and is perfectly plain, and its east was apparently broken by a single window only, which lit the porch chamber. Traces of the stone-work of this window still remain built into the wall, but nearly the whole of the original flint-work on this side has been roughly replaced, and a much smaller window substituted.
The porch is entered by an elaborately carved doorway, above which is the figure of an angel with outstretched v/ings, holding a shield just bclo\v a richly-decorated niche, now empty. A billet moulding runs under the pointed roof, having at its apex an angel holding a baton in his left (?) hand, his right being lifted apparently to give a blessing. Round the interior of the porch formerly ran a seat two feet from the ground, now removed. The porch chamber, now floorless, was reached by a staircase (which also led up to the roof of the south aisle), entered at the north-west corner of the porch by a door 5 ft. i in, by i ft. 10 in.
It may not be out of place here to give a few words of descrip- tion to the elaborately ornamented stone-v,'ork let into the flint outer walls of the church.
About eighteen inches above the present ground-line a base course of carved stones, nine inches square, bearing quatrefoils alternately charged with roses and heater or spade-shaped shields, runs round the whole of the walls and buttresses of the church.
Three feet one inch from the ground a flint and stone trefoil panelling similarly extends round the church. Each panel is 2 ft. 'j\ in. high and 14 in. broad, eleven panels filling up the space between each pair of buttresses.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
113
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The south side is plain, as shown above ; the north side bears small shields above the trefoils, as shown below.
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CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
The variations of ornament arc very jjreat, and sixteen of them arc figured here.
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THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
115
mm
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Variations of Panel Ornaments.
i6
CROMER, FAST AND TRESEXT.
About six inches above the top of the buttresses, and a foot below the top of the aisle walls, runs a billet moulding, from which^ at the east corner of each buttress, springs a gurgoyle.* Reckoning from the east, the first gurgoylc of the south aisle is an ordinary devil, with its left hand crammed into its mouth, and its right into its ear ; the second is an intensely comical devil, pulling his mouth
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* Some of these gurgoyles are new, but were copied from fragments of the old.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
117
Open with both hands ; the third, an animal, possibly a lion, with two cubs of its own species under its paws ; the fourth, a monk (?) holding a book(?) ; the fifth, a lion grasping a lamb; and the sixth, a man's head much mutilated. The gurgoyles on the north aisle are all lions' heads.
Each of the six buttresses of each aisle is 4 ft. 4 in. deep by 2 ft 10 in. broad at base, consists of three jambs and weatherings, and is formed of the same flint-work as the general body of the church, but edged with stone quoins. See illustration on last page.
The bottom jamb is ornamented at its top with a stone cinque- foil arch and spandrils let in flush with the flint-work. The second is of a similar character but is more elaborately worked, each spandril having a cinquefoil ; while the third has a handsomely ornamented recess, with a finely carved octagon pedestal battlc- mented at the top, undoubtedly for the reception of an image.
Above the pedestal there is some delicately carved tracery form- ing an open-work canopy ;* the bosses being carved into men's heads, as shown below.
There are, however, numerous variations from the ornamentation just described, especially on the north side of the church.
The ornaments above the Clerestory windows are very good, and deserve illustration.
• Kerrich in his MS. notes on the church above referred to, considers this a very unusual feature.
i8
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
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' •■'^ViJMai .'Vl-"-' ^ t^-yr'^.««iL4J.!<^^ui4jij,u,afVw!W^:J''«=i'J*'» 'jf^
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Ornaments above Clerestory- Windows
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH.
119
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Ornaments above Clerestory Windows (continued).
I20
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
^-^Mjjij' j^-ui,Mi^!_uji^. jjtsBJw*^^^ UL .rlM**- *■'!' -,Jp-' '
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Ornaments above Clerestory Windows (continued).
THE HISTORY OF THE ADVOWSON.
121
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Ornaments above Clerestory Windows (continued).
^isforj? of fOc ^i)t?ott)son.
Domesday is silent as to the existence of any Church at Shipden, though this of course is no evidence that there was then no church at that place. The first church, whenever it was built, seems to have gone with the king's manor* in Shipden ; and to trace the descent of the advowson I must begin with Gerard de
• Afterwards known as Weyland's manor.
122 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Limesi, who held such manor, and had two daughters and co- heiresses, Basilia, the wife of Hugh dc Odyngsds, who died 1238, and Alianor, the wife of David de Lindsay*
In the first mention of Shipden Church that we find, we arc told that in the reign of Edward I. (1272, &c.), another Hugh de Odyngsels was patron, the following being the entry referring to it in the " Norwich Domesday."
Schypedenc. — Taxatio spualitatis — Hugo de Bedyngfelde (sic) est pronus illius. Rector ht mansu cu xij acris terre. Esti- macio ejusde -r xij m^rc^. Ind'e dccia -^ xvj^ Procur- acio -f vi^ viij'-'. Sinodalia pro termlo Sci Michis -f vj^., et pro termio Fasche vj*^. Denarij Sti Petri -=- vj'^.
At this time, however, he was only entitled to a moiety 7'///'^ uxoris.-\ The church was then dedicated to St. Peter.
Soon after this, Williain de Odyngsels, the son of Hugh and Basilia, had a grant:|: of the other moiety of the church from his kinsman. Sir Henry de Pinkenny, son of another Henry de Pinkenny, who had married Alice the heiress of David de Lindsa}-, and sister and heiress of Gerard de Lindesey (Org. Roll, 34 H. \\\., m 3), and thus acquired the whole advowson.
In the nth Edward II. {i^iZ), John de Odyngseles seems to have sold the advowson to JoJui Broun of Tutington, as appears by the finding of a jury on an Inq. ad quod damnum, || held at Aldeby on the 25th November in that year, on the oaths of W'" de Iteringham, John Wyrning of Shypden, W'" le Clerk of Hanworth, John Attifen of Tutyngton, George de Sv/anton of Tutyngton, John Gryme of Aldeby, and others, that it would not be to the king's injury if he were to enfeoff John Broun of Tutyngton of the advowson of the church of St. Peter of Shipeden juxta Eelebrigg ; for that the said John de Odyngeselcs held the manors of Iterhyngton (Warr.), Bradewell (Oxf), Pyryngton (Heref ), and Cavendish (Sufif.), of the king in capite, at the service of two knight's fees, and held the
• A gift from David de L\-ndcsey to William de Edingsel in Warwick, is to be found on the Originalia Roll of 26 Hen. III., memb. il. t Vide Pedigree in El. Xorf., vol. vi., p. 170. X Undated deed quoted by Blomefield, vol. viii,, p. 105. II Inq. ad. quod d., II EJ.v. II., No. 74.
THE HISTORY OF THE ADVOWSON. 123
advowson of the said church in capitc as a parcel of such service, and that it was worth ten marks yearly. By the fine* levied to carry out this sale, and dated in the Octaves of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, it seems the consideration was i:20 sterling, and that the advowson was to be held of the king.
In the loth Edward III. (1337), this >/^« Broiui granted an acre of land in Shipdcn for the rebuilding of the church rf and I expect he is the John Broun mentioned in the hereafter-mentioned Inq. ad quod damnum of iS Edward III. as selling or subinfcoiting the advowson to one Hugh Broun. It will be remembered that three years before (15 Ed. III., 1342) Robert Broun was "parson" of Shipden (X. Erp., p. 190). Robert is again said to be parson of Shipden in 1350 (Feet of Fines, Norf., 23 Ed. III.).
He died on the 14th March, 17 Edward III. (1344), as is stated by an Inquisition* held at Shepedene, iSrh April following, when it was found, on the oaths of Clement Hervey, John Tabald, Robert Colman, Martin atte Wode, John Springalf, Rob. de Basyngham, Symon Burol, John de Eggemere, Galfr. Tusard, Galfr. le"" Sey,'
John and Norris Alysaundre, that he died seized of the
advowson of the church of Shipedene, held of the king in socage by fealty ; that the church of the said advowson was worth yearly -^4 13s- 4^. ; and that PJiilip Broun, his son, aged forty years and more, was his heir.
Philip Broun survived his father but a few months, dying on the 2nd May, 18 Edward III. (1345), as found by an Inquisitionij held at Norwich, 24th October, 26 Edward III. (1353), made on the oaths of Edward Colman, Tho. Her\y, John Habbe (Abbs?), John le Cook, \Vm. Walour, John Mauclcrk, Hugh :\Iauclerk, Ralph Warner, Ralph Clerk, John de Basyngham, Roger atte Wodehous, and Tho. le Clerk de Bekham, who also found that he died seized of the advowson of the church of St. Peter of Shippedene in capite, in free socage by fealty ; and that Richard Broun was his son and heir, aged twenty-one and more. Before he died, however, Philip seems to have sold or confirmed the advowson to Hugh Broun, who is said (Exch., 18 Ed. III.) to hold it by license for Philip
• Feet of Fines for Norfolk, ir and 12 Ed. II., No. 30. t Inq. p. m., 10 Ed. III., No. 29 (second Bumbers). X Inq. p. m., 17 Ed. III., No. 4. U Inq. p. m., 26 Ed. III., No. iS.
124 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Broun, and who paid the king* five marks in 17 Edward III. (1344) to have the advowson of PJiilip Broun, who held it of the king; and by an Inquisitionf held at Cromer, 20th October, iS Hen. III. (1345) on the oaths of Robert Trenchemer, Robert Tebald, Robert Colman, Roger de Ruiplvue, Thomas Hervy, Nicholas fii' Mich., John Lucas, John Taliour de Runtone, William fir Rich', John James, Robert Mony, and Richard fil' Leve, it was found that it would not be to the king's injury if Hugh Broun were allowed to retain the advowson which he had from John Broun, and that it was held of the king in capite, in free socage, and was worth seven marks yearly.
John Broun, the infant son of Hugh Broun, would have been entitled to present in 1349 but for his infancy, and the king pre- sented in his steady (Lib. iv., 106).
In 1353, Richard Broun, said to be the son, but who was really the grandson of John Broun (see Inq. p.m., 26 Ed. III., No. 18, when Philip, son of John Broun, was found to die seized of the advowson, and Richard was found to be his son), presented (Lib. iv., 148), and is no doubt the same person as Richard, son of Philip Broi'.n, who on the 3o:h June, 29 Ed. III. (1356), had a license ; from the king, dated at Westminster, to convey the Church of Shipdcn to the Prior and Convent of Hickling, who paid a fine of twenty-four marks for such license.
On the 20th Sept., 4 Rich. II. (1381), the Prior and Convent of Hickling conveyed the advowson to the king, William, Bishop of London, and William Brian, their heirs and assigns, by a charter dated at their house at Hickling.§
On the iSth Aug., 5 Rich. II. (1382), the king conveyed the Church of Shipden juxta mare with other property to the Prior and Convent of the Carthusians, by Letters Patent, dated at Shene, which also give them license to appropriate it.^
» Orig. Roll, 17 Ed. III., iTi. 36.
t Inq. ad q. d., iS Ed. III., No. 63 (second numbers).
\ Robert Broun was parson of the church in 1350, and was probably one of the family.— Feet of Fines, Norf., 23 Ed. III.
II Pat. Roll, 29 Ed. III., part 2, m 19. For Charter see Misc. Chart., Pub. Record Off., vol. .\iii., No. S2. For copy of License in Mortmain, vide same vol., No. 8 1.
§ For Charter see Misc. Ch.arters, AuqTn. Oil, Pub. Record Off., vol. xx., No. 1 86.
IT For Charters see Misc. Charters, Augm. Otf., Pub. Record Off., vol. vi.. No. 16, and vol. ix., No. 1S7, and also vide Patent Roll, 5 Ric. II., part I, ni 25.
THE HISTORY OF THE ADVOWSON. 125
On the 2 1 St April, 6 Rich. II. (1383), John Barnet, Official of the Court of Canterbury, and sub-dclcgate of Pope Urban, accord- ingly appropriated* the Church of Shypdcn by the Sea to the Carthusians, reserving to the Bishop of Norwich an annual pension of 13s. 4d., and to the Cathedral or Priory of Norwich, 3s. 46. ; and on the 14th of Dec. of the same year, the vicar's portion was fixed at one-third of the glebe obventions and tithe. By the assignmentf it seems the Carthusians were to build a new manse, with a garden and guest chamber conveniently near the church.
The following is a translation of the document itself, which may interest my readers : —
In the " Ordering of the V'icarage of Schipden " is contained as follows : — We therefore willing to proceed to the ordering and assignment of the proportion of the vicarage, by Apostolic authority in this behalf com- mitted to us, order and by ordering settle and denne that the share of the said vicarage to wit should consist of a third part of the lands per- taining to the glebe of the said church, and of all and singular and every sort of greater and lesser tithe, ofTering, fruit, rent, increase, revenue, dues, and emoluments to the said parish church of Schipeden on any occasion whatsoever, howsoever, and from whatever cause accruing and that should accrue in future, and also of legacies to the chancel of the said church or altar or altars of the same to be here- after left in the testaments or last wills of persons deceased, and that the same vicar should have these for himself and for hospitality a fit and sufficient parsonage in a becoming position, and with a fitting guest-chamber and conveniently situate near the same church with a garden, at the cost and expense of the said religious men the Prior and Convent, within three years from the date of our present order constructed, or to be newiy-constructed, to be assigned to him by the said religious men within the said space of three years, which parson- age indeed, after it shall have once been competently assigned as is aforestated to the vicar of the said church, the vicar of the said church for the time being shall be held to sustain, repair, and amend when and as often as it shall be tit or needful. We will also and appoint that the aforesaid religious men, until the said parsonage shall have been assigned as is aforestated to the vicar of the said church, shall be held bound to provide the vicar for the time being of the said church with another parsonage fit for his occupation at their cost and expense. We ordain also and settle by the authority aforesaid, that all and
• For appropriation see Cartce Selects, Aug. Off., H. lO; Reg. VI., Bishop of Norw., 340 and 3^2. t Misc. Charters, Augm. Off., E. 73.
126 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
singular and cver>- kind of pecuniary burden, episcopal dues, and archidiaconal dues and other expenses of whatever sort as well ordinary as extraordinary of the said church or devolving on the rector or vicar by reason of the same church in whatever way or manner and trom whatever cause, the vicar of the said church for the time being shall always support and sustain the third part of, except only that the vicar aforesaid shall be bound to pay no part of the annual stipend which Sir Robert Elalle, the last of the rectors of the same church, will have and receive from the said religious men by reason of the appropriation of the said church, nor any part of the cost in places or houses be- longing to the said religious men by virtue of their share, or be bound to make additions or have work done upon those things or thing in any way by reason of our order. The aforesaid portion so ordained as is aforestated for each vicar of the said church for the time being, and his due m.aintenance, and all things by him as is aforesaid in propor- tion to his third part to be sustained, to be in such wise received and had, all things to be observed and considered on this behalf being observed and considered, we both regulate and consider, pronounce and declare, in these writings sufficient and bound to suflice.
The Carthusians had possession on the I2th June, 1383, by the hands of John Luscote, their Prior, who received from John Gosselyn, chaplain, the ring of the church door, the bell ropes, &c., and also received offerings to the amount of 4d., as appears by the notarial certificate* of Ralph Chercheman de Nekton, the notary public present at the time.
About this time a very curious account of the annual expenses and income of the church was compiled, which is to be found in Regr. VI. of the Prior and Convent of Norwich, 342, and which may be thus translated : —
Expenses of the Church of Schypden annually in all outgoings :—
Chaplain of Parish .... vi//.
Clerk
Archdeacon for //-<?t"«r^j:/<;;;jt
SynodalsJ .....
One lamp in the chancel
Two processional candles and iiij. wax tapers
Repairs of the church ornaments
• Misc. Chart., Au^. vol. vi., No. 5. For the appointment of Ralph de Nekton see Cartx Select.---, Aug. OiT. E. II., dated II July, 1382.
\ Sums pay.able to archdeacons by priests when they visit a parish. X Payment to bishop at Easter viiitation.
|
:iij-r. |
iv^. |
|
xLr. |
|
|
VJJ. |
viij^. |
|
ijx. |
|
|
•as. |
|
|
VJJ. |
viij^. |
THE HISTORY OF THE ADVOWSON.
127
Wine and bread for the Eucharist Stipend of the sacrist, with four meals Two clerks for the three great festivals Bulrushes and straw for the church Repairs of the chancel and the windows Process at Norwich
Tht annual income of the Church then
Tithes of corn, which are Avorth annually
Tithes of lambs and wool, which are worth
Tithes of fowls* and sucking pijs
Tithes of heather and hay
Eight acres of land
Ofierings on the three great festivals
Offerings on All Saints day
Offerings m wax
Tithes of wood offerings}
Tithes of herrings
Tithes called Somcrjare
Tithes called Lente fare, House fare, and othe
small tithes Secret tithes Tithes of mill . Tithes of dairies and dove-cotes Tithes of hemp and brushwood Tithes of eggs .
Total
xv//.
xnjj.
vj^.
xiij^.
xij</.
\\\]d. \wd. ivd.
|
xxvjj. |
viij^. |
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xxvjs. |
viij</. |
|
|
vjj. |
viijtil |
|
|
xijj. |
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|
xli/. |
||
|
XVJ. |
||
|
XXXJ. |
||
|
xiij//. |
vjj. |
viij^. |
|
xiijV/. |
vjs. |
vhjii. |
|
xiij//. |
vjy. |
\'u}{i. |
|
viij//. |
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|
vj//. |
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|
xiijj. |
ivd. |
|
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vjj. |
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ijj. |
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xs. |
xd. |
On the suppression of monasteries the advowson fell into the King's hands, and the crown presented to it until Queen Elizabeth granted it to the See of Ely, on her taking away several manors from that See. i\Iore recently by an Order in Council, the Bishop of Norwich was made patron of it, with all the livings in the diocese in the presentation of other bishops.
* Polayle, bryJdys or fowlys, Fionipt. Parv. t Thus in MS. obLitienum,
128 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
'g^c "glccfors an5 "^"^icars. RECTORS.
1337. John de Lodhrok was parson on the occasion of the rebuild- ing of the church at this date, as before-mentioned. He was also parson in 15 Ed. III. (i343). see N. Erp., page 190.
1349. (Aug. 25.) Robert de WyngrcivortJi instituted rector, pre- - sented by the king by reason of the minority of John, son and heir of Hugh Broun (Lib. iv. ic5). He was Custodian of the Great Wardrobe of King Edw. III., and also rector of Forncet, and after his death in 1353 (Bl. N. v., page 260), the king sent orders to John de Barton and Robert de Weston to seize all his property at Crowemere and Fornsete, in Norfolk, and Carleton and Thurleby, in Lincolnshire, and sell same for the king's use.* During the time he was rector, Robert Broun is mentioned as being parson of the church of Shipden,t in 1350. Also in 15 Ed. III. (i34-)> see N. Erp., page 190. But Robert Broun, in 23 Ed. III. (1349), is said to be rector of Crozi-emere (Bodl. Charters, page I So). Here we have two parsons of two churches living at the same time, which may give us very closely the date of the overwhelming of the seaward church, unless we assume the two were one, whose proper name was Robert Broun, of Wyngreworth, which is more likely.
1353. (Sept. 30.) WilUant dc MirfisU. [presented by Richard, son of John Broun (Lib. iv. 140). He was also rector of Gim- mingham in 1342, X. Erp., page oil].
[n.d.] John Winter, presented by Prior and Convent of Hickling. No doubt of the Winters oi Barningham Winter.
1364. (Aug. 16.) Richard Gosseline% of Eriswell, presented by the
• Oris. Rolls, 27 Edw. III. (1354). ni 3.
t Feet of Fines, Norfolk, 23 Ed-v. III.
X The surname is, no doubt, derived from the christian name of Jocelyn, there being a "Gocclinus de Ereswell" as early as 1237 (Pipe Roll, 21 Hy. III.). In Norfolk the name occurs in 1320, when John Goscelyn was parson of East Barsham (Feet of Fines).
In 13S4 we found another John Gosselyn, vicar of this place, q.v.
So late as 24 Chas. II., there was a Robert Gos!}-a of Cromer, N. E., 553.
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 129
Prior of Hickling (Gibson's App. 42). On his death the vacant rectory was disputed by John Stalham and Walter Halle, and on the former petitioning to the then Pope, Urban VI., the matter was tried at Rome. At the first trial, the decision was against Stalham, who, however, appealed and obtained its reversal. Halle, in turn, appealed to the Apostolic See, but was twice defeated, and the de- cision in favour of Stalham was confirmed, widi costs. The whole proceedings are set forth in a Bull of Pope Urban, , dated the 6th of the Kal. of July, in the third year of his Pontificate,* which Bull I have copied at length, and I earnestly hope no one may ever have occasion to do so again. A short analysis of it will, however, be of interest, as showing the extreme prolixity of legal proceedings at Rome at this period.
Su.MM.\RY OF Brief of Pope Urban VI.
Pope Urban [VI.] to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archdeacon of Sudbury, and Thomas Baketon, Canon of Lincoln.
John Stalham, who became rector of Shipedene in succession to Richard Goslin of Orwell, had complained that Walter Haile had dis- possessed him. The case was referred to Master Galthard de Nova Ecclesia, papal chaplain and Auditor Causarinn of the apobtolic palace. Master Richard Drayton acted as proctor for John Stalham ; but, Master Galthard absenting himself. Master WiU'am Horborgh, holding a similar ofnce, ^vas deputed to hear the cause. Drayton appeared, but though no proctor for Walter Halle came, Master William proceeded to give an unjust decision against Stalham. On appeal Master Peter Gascon sat as judge, and John Brangwin appeared for Halle. At the second stage of the case Master John Brangwin absented himself; but Drayton, after putting in documents, obtained a citation of Brangwin to appear and show cause why a decision should not be given. On the day fixed Brangwin was again contuma- cious, and Master Peter cited Walter Halle himself to appear and hear judgment delivered on a d=iy fixed. Master Richard Drayton and Walter Halle came, and judgment was then given wholly in favour of John Stalham, and costs were allowed him. Thereupon Halle ap- pealed, and Master John Mambr^y, a judge of the same degree as the others, was assigned to hear the case. Mambray sent the usual
• Cartre Antiqux, Aug. 0:T., T. 1^7.
130 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
citations, and Erangwin was once more absent. Master Richard, as usual, applied for production of papers, and once more a day was fixed. Brangwin was not there, so Master Mambray assigned Master Doyne of Rheims to be cited as proctor for Walter Halle. Richard and Doyne appeared ; but the latter refusing to proceed, in due course was pronounced contumacious, and Walter himself was then summoned to hear sentence on a stated day. Richard and Walter appeared, and Master Mambray proccded to deliver judgment, by which he confirmed the previous sentence, and gave costs to John Stalham.
Again an appeal was lodged, and this time it was committed for hearing to Christoplier, the bishop-elect of Crete, -■= also Auditor Caus- arii/n, like the previous judges. The parties were summoned, but Doyne was absent. Again cited as before, he again failed to put in an appearance, and so again for a third time. A fourth summons went to the contumacious Doyne with a similar result. At last Christopher, bishop-c!ect, proceeded to sentence. He upheld the rights of John Stalham, condemned the appeal, and gave costs against Halle. Finally Master Richard and Walter Halle were cited by the bishop-elect be- fore Masters Peter and John, Auditores Causarum, in the matter of the taxation of costs. Richard appeared, Walter did not. Thereupon Christopher, the bishop-elect, decided that Walter should pay costs to the amount of no gold florins.
Seeing these things, it is directed that John Stalham shall be fully restored, and that Walter Halle shall be made to pay out of his unjust gains the costs as above. Excommunication without appeal to follow on obstructors.
*• Given at Rome at St. Peter's, 26 June, in the third year of our Pontificate."
'375- (N'ov. 25.) John dc Stalham. [He was a canon of Hlckling, and presented by his Prior, was instituted in obedience to the above-mentioned Bull (Lib. vi. 40). He had been dis- possessed by one Walter Halle, afterwards was rector of Rising, in 1377].
1381. (Jan. 14.) Rcbcrl ^/A?//^ (Ellawe?), (Blomefield has Ellatte). [The last rector, was presented by the king as assignee of the Prior and Convent of Hickling. When the Carthusians bought, he apparently retired and was pensioned offj.f
• He was electel after 13S0, and died before September, 1588. The Pope was, therefore, Urban VI., whose third year ran from April, 1380, to April, 1381. This was thus in June, 13S0.
t Misc. Auj. E., 73.
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 131
VICARS.
1384. (April 13). John Gossdyn, presented by the Prior and Con- vent of the Carthusians. His will* is dated 1388, and like his predecessor of the same name, he is described as of Eriswell. He directs his body to be buried where God may please. To the high altar a missal, a cup of gold, a noted portiforiiun, a mart}Tolog}-, a processional, a vestment, and a " maniel."
To each chaplain celebrating in the said church present at his e.xequics and bearing his body to the church 3s. 4d. To the clerk bearing the holy water I2d. To each boy saying a psalm for his soul at his exequies 3d. His execu- tors were Margaret, widow of James Wylkynessone, Sir Simon Chyld, parish chaplain of Schipden, and Andrew Candelman.
His codicil is dated 13S4, and describes him as John Gosselyn of Ereswell, perpetual vicar of Shipden. He leaves 10 lbs. of silver to make a window of three lights in the chancel of Shipden at the east end, having S.S. Mag- dalen, Christopher, and Katherine decently depicted thereon, He also leaves to the church of Schipden a"graduale," a vestment, and two " fial de stangu." To Simon Gosselyn, his kinsman, a portiforium, and another book called IMacer "de virtutibus herbarum" ; also a long sleeve-less tunic and his red overcoat with a hood ; to John Gosselyn, his kins- man, a grey overcoat, with the hood belonging thereto, and his hooded tunic without sleeves ; to John Stockyn, his clerk, los. and two blankets, with a linen coverlet ; to Simon Chyld, parish chaplain of S., a book called "Pars Oculi," and to the church of Shipden an ordinale. 1389. (April II.) John Hcnncrc, presented by the Prior and Con- vent of the Carthusians (Lib. vi. 137). His will is dated 1 8th November, 1403. He directs his body to be buried in the chancel. To the fabric of the church 40s. To the church 40s., a processional to scr\'e for ever in the said church ; also a black vestment To the altar of the B. V.
• Proved 29 March, 13S9 (Rcgr. Ilarsyk, fo. 106).
132 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
M. there a green vestment. A legacy to each chaplain celebrating at his funeral. Will dated l8 November, 1402, proved 1403 (Harsyk, 291).
1403- (June 30.) Richard Bishop, presented by the Prior and Con- vent of the Carthusians (Lib. vi. 29S). In 1420, he received all the tithes, %ic., and failed to account to the Prior and Convent for the same ; and on the 6th January, 7 Henry V., letters patent were directed to John Gees of Crowmcr, Thomas Payn of London, and William Salman, chaplain, , directing them to obtain an account of such tithes, &c., and to receive the two-thirds from Bishop. Before coming to Cromer he had been vicar of Paston in 137S. (A Robert Bishop had been rector of Beeston in 1349. His will v/as proved 2 August, 1576.)
1429. Richard Milham, A..AI., ditto (Lib. viii. 82). [His will is proved in 1437 (Regr. Doke, fo. 21), and in it he directs his body to be buried in the chancel, and gives 6s. 8d. to the pier. The surname is still in the hundred as " Milem." Gregory Mileham, gent., v/as of Plumstead, 26 Eliz. N. E., 566].
1437. (Oct. 21.) Sivwn Xorman, ditto (Lib. x. 11). [He may be the Simon Norman, rector of Westfield after 1397, as that was in the gift of the Carthusians. A certificate under his seal exists as to the deathbed declaration of Joan, widow of Wm. iMar>'Ot, concerning the manor of East Beckham (Norf. Top. Man. Appendix, page 9). His kinsman (?), Edward Norman of Filby, left a legacy to the church in 1444. He died intestate in 1450 (Regr. Aieyn, fo. 6a), and administra- tion was granted to John Ilbyn, chaplain of Baldeswell, Edward Norman of Dereham, and Roger Waryn of Shipden. Just two centuries before, another Simon Norman, otherwise Simon de Cantelupe, was Archdeacon of Norwich, Bl, Norf. iii., page 63S].
14^0. (Oct 27.) Galfr. CJiampneys, otherwise Galfr. Gaminsewyn (Reg. Aleyn, io. 16b, 145^;. S.T.P., ditto (Lib. xi. 39). [He resigned and became vicar of St. Stephen's, Norwich, as may be seen by his will proved in 1472, where he leaves legacies to Cromer church and the vicar there (Reg. Jekkys, fo. 275b). Richard Chaumpanye was of Sustcad in 1333, N. E., 427].
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 133
1462. (April 20.) Robert Hellys (Haylcs or Hayle), A.M., ditto (Lib. xi. 131). [The Prior and Convent of the Carthusians, by letters dated the feast of Sts. Philip and James, 1470, appointed Robert Hayle perpetual vicar of Shipden alias Crowmere, Galfr. Chaunipncys, and Stephen Eraser their agents in all matters rclatinc^ to their advowson of Shipden.* His will is dated and proved in 1479, and in it he directed his body to be buried in the chancel (Regr. Multon, fo. 64). He was probably son of Robert de Hales of Roughton, who was of that place in 1432 (N. E., page 157). The family had been at Roughton from a very early period, Roger de Hales holding land there in 1240 (N. E., page 153)]-
1497. (Oct. 13.) wllliam Tiikeipx Tukke, or Tugge), LL.B., ditto (Lib. xii. 199). [He was also parson of Gunton. By his will, dated 1 521, and proved in the same year, he directed his body to be buried in the chancel, " in the entering between the desks," and made Sir Thomas Wyndham his supervisor (Register Alablaster). No doubt he was . kinsman of Thos. Tugge, the parish chaplain, whose will was proved in 1467. The surname of Tuck, Tuke, and Tugge occurs in this hundred from 1327, see N. E. index].
1 521. (Nov. 25.) WiUiam Smith, S.T.B., ditto (Lib. xvi. 65). [For the notarial act of his institution, by which it seems possession was given in the presence of Anthony Hodson and Matthew Rede, chaplain, sec i\Iisc. Charter, Aug. Off., vii., 138. He was alive in 1545, see Regr. Deynes, fo. 239b].
[1549], Robert Roston, or Ruston, was vicar in 1549 (Regr. Coraunt, fo. 20a). [Probably the Robert Ryston, canon, brother of Bceston, to whom there is still an undated brass in Beeston Regis Church. John de Ryston was of Suffield in 1333 (N. E., p. 426). The family was of Congham].
1554. (Feb. 12.) John Harlozv. By the king and queen. (Lib. xviii. 108). [He was a canon of Walsingham, and was pre- sented to the vicarage of Binham in i55i,on the dissolution, was pensioned off from Walsingham, and dead by 1574, for letters of sequestration of the vicarage, vacant by his death, were granted to William Forde, clerk, on 2 December, 1574.
• Misc. Charter, Aug. Off. vi., No. 3.
134 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Aftenvards administration to his own effects were granted by the Consistory Court on 5 April, 1578, to William Arnold, junr., of Binham]. William Harloc was of Gresham in 24 Chas. II. (X. E., p. 547;- (15S4). Stephen Roberts [was incumbent in 26 Eliz., when he was sued by Robert Underwood and other inhabitants, for neg- lect of 'repairs of the Vicara-e House (Duchy of Lancaster Proceedings). There was a Henry Roberts of Sherringham in 1522 (N. E., p. 433^]- 1587. (Dec. 7.) Simon Har^'ard, or Harwood. By the queen
(Lib. XX. 157). 1 591. (April 29.) Thomas Munday. By the queen (Lib. xx. 195). [In 1600 was rector of Thorp Market In 1603, Thomas Monday, no doubt the same, was rector of Sydestrand, N. E„ 202. In 1522, Richard Mundy was of Gunton, N. E., 44*3, and of Hanworth id., 446, and William xMondyc was of Roughton]. 1601. (Nov. 9.) John Money was vicar at this date: Lib. Consist, fo. 64, and was also vicar of Overstrand. There were then, according to Blomefield, 520 communicants, (sed?)
[The name may come from Le :Moneye, or Le Moyne, which was common in this hundred. Some of the name afterwards were at Gresham, Bassingham, Sherringham, and
Knapton]. 1605. (Aug. 6.) RicJuvd Watson, A.B., was vicar, presented by
the^Bishop of Ely. [He was probably the Richard Watson
who was vicar of Calthorp in the reign of Elizabeth.
Another of the same name was rector of Bodham in 1636.
Miles Watson was party to a fine in Suffield, Michs., 20
James I., N. Erp., 575]. 1626. (Dec. 12.) Richard Talbot. By the king, the see of Ely
being then void (Lib. Harsnet). [A Richard Talbot had
been rector of Hclmingham in 142 1, and Thomas Talbot
voted in Roughton in 1734, N. Erp., 655]. William Talbot.
1661. (Aug. I.) Henry Brigncll, A.M., by Matthew, Bishop of
Ely%n the death of William Talbot (Regr. Wren, p. "J^). [I cannot trace that he ever took office].
1662. (Feb. 6.) Robert Faivcet. By Matthew, Bishop of Ely
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 135
(Lib. Reynolds). [Pie held this vicarage with Roughton. Another Robert Fawcet, jun., was rector of Mcrkcshal in 1695, Castor and Poringland 1696, and Aylsham 1699. [Henry Fawcett, gent, held lands in (i.a.) Roughton and Cromer in 16 19 (N. Erp., p. 161). A short pedigree of the Fawcetts of Roughton (which does not, however, identify this Robert), is on p. 162 of N. Erp.].
1674. (Sept. 21.) Wiliiam AsJunore, by ditto. [He held this vicarage with Overstrand (,1670), and Sidestrand (16S6). It was in his time that the Rev. Thomas Gill, rector of Ing- w'orth, the lessee of the great tithes, barbarously destroyed the chancel. He died in 17 12 {see B. N. viii., p. 171)].
1676. (Oct. 2.) MicJiacl Frere, Sequestrator and curate. Lib. Con. 1677, fo. 88. [In 17 14 he also leased the rectory of Roughton from the Bishop of Ely (X. E., p. 162). He lies buried in Roughton Church, and his monument describes him as rector of Metton and impropriator and vicar of Roughton. He died 24 December, 1720, in his 71st year].
1694. (June 20.) William AsJunore (ut ante), curate 1709. Se- questrator.
1 7 16. Timothy Bullimore was curate. [He was afterwards parson of Plumstead in 1737, and then lived at Stalham, and lies buried at N. Repps, having died 19 August, aged 59 (N. Erp., p. 331). Ellis Bullamer was rector of Beeston in 1743].
1723. Wormley Martin was curate {see post 1763).
1729. Framingham Price. Sequestrator and curate.
1743. Wormley Martin (Lib. Cons., 20 p. 123 and 21 p. 150), see next entry.
Oram. Died in 1762.
1763. Wormly Martin, licensed. [There were several clergymen here of this christian and surname. They came from S. Repps, where they were buried {sec X. E., p. 339). The first was rector of S. Repps for 46 years, and died 1762, aet 75. The next (who was, I expect, identical with our Cromer curate), was curate of Hickling and Palling, and died 20 May, 1768, aged 37, and the last was of X. VV'alsham, and died 1804, aged -^i. Our curate was an impecunious pirty, as I know from some of his letters in my possession. The name may have been brought into these parts through the marriage of
S
136 CROMKR, PAST AND PRESENT.
Stephen Reymcs with Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Martin of Gravency, Kent (X. Erp., p. ISC')]- 1768. (May.) Richard Sibbs* [also rector of Thurgarton from 178 1 to 1804, and vicar of Sherringham from 1768 to 1804, and incumbent of Sustead 1769 to 1784. He died i8th (17th in Reg.) July, 1804, aged 60, and lies buried within the church, where there is a monument to the memory of him and his wife Sarah, who died 27th April, 1802, aged 59. His wife was the daughter of Anthony and Sarah ' Ditchell of this parish, and he married her here 19th Dec, 1 77 1. He was probably a descendant of the Rev. Richard Sibbs, D.D., an eminent Puritan divine, born at Sudbury, Suffolk, 1577, and died 1635. He was the first vicar after an interval of one hundred years, during v/hich time the .church was served by curates. He v/as probably son of. another Rev, Richard Sibbs, who was incumbent of Sustead from 1738 to I76i,when the patron, Robert Sibbs, presented John Sibbs to it, who held it till 1769. His daughter married Cook Flower of Sherringham, who sold the estate to Abbott Upcher about 1812, and bought a residence at S. Repps. This Cook Flower's only son was of the same name, and a lieutenant in the West Norfolk Militia].
1804, (Sept. 24.) JoJin Short Hczvett. [He was also licensed to Sherringham on the same date. In 1806, he was of S. Repps, when he voted at the General Election. James and Robert Hcwett were of S. Repps in 1S32, but I do not know if they were of the same family],
1807. (Sept. 5.) G.vrjc Glover, 58 years rector of S. Repps (and Billingford ?)
1S18. (Dec, 19.) Ditto, a second time, [38 years archdeacon of Sudbury, as we arc told by his brass in S. Repps Church,
* It was durinfT his incumbency that Wyndhara wrote this in his diary. April I2th, 1789. "Having risen a little after seven, and found the morning very fine, was tempted to order my horse, the first time of my riding out before breakfast since my being here. I went round to Cromer, and called on G. Wyndham, who was just selling off for London. Church was in the afternoon ; the congregation fuller than I can remember almost to have seen, even of late, when certainly a change had been made in that respect, and which I cannot help suspecting to have been brought about by the arrangement of Mrs. Lukin, perceiving at diiicrent times what my opinions were, and particularly, probably upon occasion of my giving to George the living of Ruaton."
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 1 37
which states he died 4 May, 1S62, ajrcd 84. He pubh'shed in 1821, " Remarks on the Bishnp of Peterborough's Com- parative View of the Churches of England and Rome," and other pamphlets, and so earned himself eternal fame as the only literary parson of Cromer].
1 83 1. (July 30.) W://iam Sharpc, M.A. [Of Queen's College, Cambridge, formerly curate of Gimmingham, Yaxham, and Welborne. Resigned 1852. He was a very small man, and married Miss [xMary] Hewett, but had no issue, and was , buried at Blakeney. He died 6 Aug., 1S62, aged S3. Mary Sharpe died 4 February, 1S43, aged 64].
1852. (Aug.) Frederic Fitch, M.A. [Of Christ's College, Cam- bridge, and a Surrogate, who by his wife. Miss Colshall, of Clapham, has issue] the present vicar.
THE CHAPLAINS.
Second only in importance to the Vicars were the Chaplains, of which there would seem to have been two for a long series of years, one probably a parish chaplain, or " curate." John Gosselyn's will in 138S, speaks of each chaplain celebrating in the church and present at his funeral and bearing his body to the church. Some had lengthened engagements, e.g., William Arnold, by his will, dated 1472, provided that a chaplain should be employed for five years to celebrate for his own soul, and another for two years for the souls of his father and mother.
The earliest I find is
Lawrence Draper, of Crowemer, chaplain, by his will dated 1382, directed his body to be buried in the parish church of Ereswell, from which, I suppose, he was some connection of the Gosselyns, the vicars, who were of that place. He left to the altar of St Nicholas of Cromer a vestment for a priest with a noted portifo- rium. His executors were his mother, Lady Alice de Crowemere John Kentone, chaplain, and John Spencer of Ereswell. His will was proved 17 June, 13S2 (Rcgr. Harsyk, fo. 199b). John Hermere, afterwards vicar, was chaplain in 13S4, when he
138 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
was mentioned in the will of Adam dc Hvkling (Register Harsvk, 38).
Simon Chyldc, who is called "parish chaplain" in Gossclyn's will just mentioned. His own will is dated 1391, and describes him as resident in Shipdcn. He wishes to be buried in the churchyard. To the house of Charterhouse* he leaves 20s. ; to the vicar of Shipden for his transgressions and tithes forgotten 6s. 8d. ; for the emendation of the glass in a window on the east part of the said church 2 marks — (no doubt the 3-light window directed to be glazed by Gosselyn) — to each chaplain at his exequies, and at the mass on his burial day I2d. ; to the clerk of the church I2d. His residue is to go to Geoffrey atteHerthe (Heithe?) and John Wyliot, for the good of his soul. Proved 6 August, 139 1 (Regr. Harsyk, fo. 150b).
John Gryvi, chaplain of Schipden, by his will, dated 1396, directed his body to be buried in the churchyard (Regr. Harsyk,
235).
William ^lannysfeld of Schypden, chaplain, by his will, proved 1424, to be buried in the church of Schypden, before the image of St Mary and St Ann the mother of St Mary, on the north side of the said church, and gave to the high altar I2d. ; to the repair of the church 2od. ; to the maintenance of the pier I2d. (R.egr. Hyrnyng, fo. i2Sa).
Richard Rudde, chaplain, by his will, dated 5 July, 1452, to be buried in the churchyard of Shypden alias Crowmer. To the reparation of the chancel there 65. 8d. ; to the high altar 6s. 8d. ; to the reparation of the church 6s. 8d. ; to the fraternity of the Guild of St Anne there 6s. Sd. ; to the reparation of " le peer" 6s. Sd. ; to the light of St Nicholas 2od. ; to the ploughlyth in the said town 2od. ; to Maistcr Clement, his brother his portiforium, on condition that he pays 6s. 8d. to my executors. If he wants to buy a pair of "decretals with Sextus," he is to be preferred to all others, if he will pay my executors los. for them. He also leaves to Master Geoffrey Chaumpeneys, vicar of Shypden, a white bed [cover] ; to Sir Thomas Bryning (?), chaplain of Shypden, his red coloured coat, with a hood dressed (?) with black lambskin ;
* It will be remembered that the Prior and Convent of the Carthusians had just (13S2) had a license to appropriate the advowson. No doubt he was of them.
THE RECTORS AND VICARS. 139
to Roger Coye, his godson, i2d. ; to Robert Hcylcs of Shypdcn, a " lewte" ; to William Arnold of Shypdcn, a pair of beads of amber; to Sir Ralph Taylor, chaplain of the parish of St George in Norwich, a pair of beads of " gect " [jet] ; to John Borell of Shyp- den, a pair of tables. A chaplain to celebrate for his soul and the souls of his father and mother for one year and a half. Executors, Geoffrey Chaumpeneys and John Watson of Shypden. Proved 26 April, 1453.
William Barker of Crowmer, chaplain, by his will, dated 8 June, and. proved 13 July, 1467, directed his body to be buried in the churchyard of St. Peter and St. Paul there, and gave to Beeston Priory los. Richard Laxton, rector of Felbrigg, was one of his executors (Regr. Jekkys, fo. 71b).
TJwmas Tugge of Crowemere, chaplain, by his will, dated 10 July, and proved 23 October, 1467, directed his body to be buried in the chancel of St. Peter and St Paul there, and gave to the chapel of St. Mary in the said church, his portifer, to be kept chained there, and divers other gifts to the said church ; and to the pier 3s. 4d. (Regr. Jekkys, fo. Sob).
He was probably a kinsman of William Tuke, or Tugge, after- wards vicar here in 1497.
Henry Borell, chaplain of Shypden, by his will, dated and proved 1479, directed his body to be buried in the church of St Peter and St Paul there. Robert Hayles, the vicar, was one of the witnesses (Reg. Avvbrey, fo. 46a).
Probably a guild priest, if not another chaplain, was Thomas Midton* priest, who, by his will, dated zj March, 15 1 1, and proved 22 August following, directed his body to be buried in the chancel at Crowmere, and gave to the church a vestment of red velvet, a pair of chalices gilt, and other things (Reg. Johnson).
* He was, no doubt, akin to Thomas Multon of Cromer (whose brass was in the church), who, by his will, dated 14QS, gave :os. to the high altar, 20=;. to the church, and 20s. to the pier, etc. His son William was to have his place in Metton on attaining 21. Agnes (the widow of Thomas?), by will, dated 1528, gave a standing piece with a cover, and a little piece to make a jewel for the church, and gave legacies to Robert and John Multon, his nephews (Regr. Palgrave, 51a). In 14 Henry VHI., this Agnes Multon was rated at £■] los. for lands [N. E., p. 440], and Agnes Multon, jun., at £z. In 37 Elizabeth, Thomas Multon, gent., was party to a fine in Metton [page 567]. The family seems a very old one in the district, for there was a Eudo de Multon party to a fine in Beeston, 24 Henry HI. [N. E., p. 39], and Elizabeth, daughter of John Multon, of Egremont, is mentioned under Bamingham, in 8 Edward HI. [N. E., p. 49].
CHAPTER V.
It will probably be news to most of my readers that two hundred and fifty years ago Cromer had a narrow escape of be- coming a fashionable " waters," instead of a w^atering place ; but some documents among the collection of the so-called " Gawdy Letters," once belonging to Le Neve, afterwards to D. Gurney, then to me, and now to the British Museum, seem to prove this. Anthony Mingay, in his letters to Framlingham Gawdy, often alludes to his bad health, apparently suffering from disease of the bladder, which prevents him from riding. On ist April, 1633,* he writes from Norwich : —
" This very day doctcr Sherwood and myselfe began our course of phisick, and all ready he Jiath purged me of Tenn pounds^ and soe if I continue sound untill Christmas next, then I am to give him the other Ttventy pounds, S:c."
On 25th April, i633.t " As yet finds little benefitL"
On 14th May, 1633.:!:
"Since my last unto you I have still proceeded on with my Doctor without any good successe at all, but am rather now worse than when I first begane with him ; yet, goodman, I believe he hath done what he can, and would still have me proceed out, but at yesterday I left himc, having founde noe good at all in six weeks triall ; and I protest seriously would now give Tenn pounds more that I were but as well as when I begane first with hime, . ... I doe determine, God favouringe, this sumer to make use of the waters ; and to that purpose have gott the Doctor Martine to ride to Cromer to make perfect triall of a zvater there-
• Vol, riii., p. 129S. f lu-. P- 1299. % lb., p. 1300.
THE WATERING PLACE. I4I
about; and if that prove not, then, God willing, I am for Tunbridg; if my wive's .... hinder me not, for if I goe thither I will not goe alone without hir, neither to Cromer. I am confident y' must be some water that must doe me good more than all the phisick in the world, and soe sayeth Doctor Martina ; noe absolute cure can be without drincking of those waters."
Dr. Sherwood was attending Mingay as early as 23rd Feb., 163 1 (letter No, 13 13).
Mingay returns to the subject on i6th May, 1634:* "he has a vety great desire to make tryall of those waters, and have written to a gentleman that have made triall thereof, to know what good he founde thereby."
24th April, i635.t Thinks it long till he be "jogging to the waters."
1st July, 1635.^ He starts for Tonbridge.
1st August, 1635.11 He writes from Speldhurst (three miles north- west of Tunbridge Wells). Has no hopes of amendment, " but I doe now drink dayly 120 ounces, which is above a gallon, &c."
I should imagine the spring must be where *' Pump Close " is shown on the map at page 4 ; but there was also a mineral spring at Mundcsley, which was discovered in 1S23 (Norf Tour, p. 1333).
Many have tried to describe the quiet beauties of Cromer, and most have failed, especially the old guide books. Walter White, in his " Eastern England," speaks well of it, and another well-known writer, Jean Ingelow, hits off the lighthouse hills and a sunset here wonderfully well in her poem, " Requiescat in pace."
•* It was three months and over since the dear lad had started ; On the green downs at Cromer I sat to see the view ; On an open space of herba-e, where the ling and fern had parted, Betwixt the tall white lighthouse towers, the old and the new.
" Below me lay the wide sea, the scarlet sun was stooping, And he dyed the waste of water as with a scarlet dye ; And he dyed the lighthouse towers, every bird with white wing swooping Took his colours, and the cliff dyed, and the yawning sky.
•* Over grass came that strange flush, and over ling and heather, Over flocks of sheep and lambs and over Cromer town ; And each filmy cloudlet crossing, drifted like a scarlet feather, Torn from the folded wrap of clouds, while he settled down."
• Vol. viii., 1337. t lb., 1325. X lb., 1334. || lb , 131a.
142 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Swinburne, too, has v.-rittcn of our village in his " Midsummer Holiday " (1SS4;, thus :—
" East and north a waste of waters, south and west Lonelier lands than dreams in sleep would feign to be ; When the soul goes forth on travel, and is prest Round and compassed in with clouds that flash and flee. Dells without a streamlet, downs without a tree, Cinques of hollow cliff that crumble, give their guest Little hope, till hard at hand he pause, to see Where the small town smiles, a warm still sea-side nest.
•'Many a lone long mile, by many a headland's crest, Down by many a garden dear to bird and bee ; Up by many a sea-down's bare and breezy breast, Winds the sandy strait of road where flowers run free- Here along the deep steep lanes, by held and lea, Knights have carolled, pilgrims chanted, on their quest ; Haply, ere a roof rose toward the bleak strand's lee, Where the small town smiles, a warm still sea-side nest.
"Are the wild lands cursed perchance of time, or blest, Sad with fear or glad with comfort of the sea ? Are the ruinous towers of churches fallen on rest Watched of wanderers woful now, glad once as we, When the night has all men's eyes and hearts in fee, When the soul bows down dethroned and dispossest ? Yet must peace keep guard, by day's and night's decree, Where the small town smiles, a warm still sea-side nest.
" Friend, the lonely land is bright for you and me, All its wild way's through ; but this methinks is best, Here to watch how kindly time and change agree. Where the small town smiles, a warm still sea-side nest."
Now that Tennyson's kinsman has built him a stately pleasure house between the railway and the police stations, I hope we may one day wake and tind the village celebrated by the old man eloquent having also sung on it.
The latest description is by Clement Scott, who fell in love with the place, and refers to it in his " Poppy Land," one paragraph which gives a better idea of the watering-place than I can give : —
" It was on one of the most beautiful days of the lovely month of August, a summer morning, with a cloudless blue sky overhead, and a sea without a ripple washing on the yellow sands, that I turned my
THE WATEraXG PLACE. I43
back on perhaps the prettiest watering-place of the east coast, and walked along the clilis to get a blow and a look at the harvest that had just begun. It was the old story. At a mile removed from the sea- side town I had left, I did not find a human being. Eelow me, as I rested among the fern on the lighthouse cliff, there they all were, dig- ging on the sands, playing lawn tennis, working, reading, flirting, and donkey-riding, in a circle that seemed to me ridiculously small as 1 looked at it from the height. In that red-roofed village, the centre of all that was fashionable and select, there v.-as not a bed to be had for love or money ; all home comforts, ail conveniences to which well-bred people were accustomed, were deliberately sacrificed for the sake of a ' lodging amongst a little society that loved its band, its pier, its shingle, and its sea. A mile away there were farmhouses empty, cottages to let, houses to be hired for a song ; a mile to the right there were sands with no human being on them, deserted cliffs, empty caves, unfre- quented rocks ; a mile to the left there was not a footprint on the beach, not a foot-fall on the grassy cliff. Custom had established a certain fashion at this pretty little watering-place, and it was re- ligiously obeyed ; it was the rule to go on the sands in the morning, to walk on one cliff for a mile in the afternoon, to take another mile in the opposite direction at sunset, and to crowd upon the little pier at night. But the limit was a mile either way. No one thought of going beyond the lighthouse ; that was the boundary of all investigation. Outside that mark the country, the farms, and the villages were as lonely as in the Highlands."
Perhaps the wealth of wild flowers is the feature which strikes people on their first summer visit, the sea-banks being blazes of brilliant colour, especially attractive to insects of all sorts, which renders the place a happy hunting ground alike for the botanist and entomologist* But it is to the geologist especially that Cromer most commends itself — with its forest bed with its hazel
• Walter White refers to the wild flowers thus : — "Alike surprising and delightful was the sight of the prodigious numbers of wild flowers among which we were presently walking. The ground seemed almost dazzling with the bright variety of colours, rival- ling the charm of an Alpine pasture. On no other part of the English coast have I seen so many. According to Professor Babbingion there are one thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven species of flowering plants in Britain ; and of these one thousand and sixty-seven are found in Norfolk. In ether counties the number is not more than half. This floral luxuriance is doubtless appreciated by sojourners at Cromer. Perhaps the presence of chalk and marl in the clilTs may have something to do with it ; for Dr. Daubeny tells us that ' angiospermous plants appear to have come in with the chalk, as if intended to embellish the mansion in preparation for man to occupy, and thus to minister to the special enjoyment of the only creature endowed with faculties capable of deriving pleasure from their contemplation.'"
T
1 44 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
leaves and nuts in situ, so celebrated by Lyell— its jet, its great mastodon bones still shaking out of its cliff sides.
On all these subjects I have been lucky enough to obtain short essays, which will be found printed in the appendix, from experts who have very kinuiy and liberally responded to my plea for help on their special subjects.
The guide books say that the place first began to be frequented by visitors about 17^5, and this seems about correct No doubt the great charm that the conversation of William Windham, the friend of Johnson and Burke, who from his diary must have been one of the most delightful and well-read companions imaginable, drew many well-known families to Felbrigg and so to Cromer. There are many entries about Cromer in this diary, e.g: —
October 23rd, 17S6. Dined at Cromer. Had G. Wyndham and P. Johnson* to dine with me. Sat late, talking of nothing but hunting : part of the time not unpleasant, as I found my mmd detained with images of happiness, such as they were.
January 19th, 17S7. It was long a doubt whether I should go to Bath: the inducement of taking in my way a battle that was to be between Ward and Johnson determined me to go.
July 19th, 1790. The evening of our going to Cromer was very fine, and the party altogether very pleasant. We went, for the first time for me, to the '• New Inn,"f which promises to be a great accession to our com- fort. Poor Alsop has spared me all difficulty and delicacy with respect to him, by finding it necessary to abscond. Such a reduction at the close of life is ver)- melancholy.
The scene on the beach was enlivened by an object, quite new to me, and new, perhaps, to the place— the unloading of a foreign vessel. She was a Norway brig from Christiansand. The captain spoke tolerable English, and was a well-behaved man, more so probably than the average of such men with us.
July loth, 1793. The captains name was Hall, an old smuggler, who had lived in that capacity at Cromer, where, as he stated, he had often seen me.
In 1793, so i\rrs. Herbert Jones kindly tells me, she finds in the Gurney correspondence, the family of John Gurney, of Earlham, were at " Jerry's lodgings." His sister had married Robert Barclay,
• Rev. Paul Johnson of Run ton.
t Yet Bartell, who wrote his guide in iSoo, talks of the want of a large and well conducted inn, and it has always been said Tucker built the " New Inn."
THE WATERING PLACE, 145
who had bought North Repps Hall, in 1790, and this, no doubt, originated their visits to Cromer.
Between the two— John Gurncy and Robert Barclay— Mrs. Jones tells me there were twenty-two children, who used to stand in a row on the shore. Bartlett Gurncy built North Repps cottage in 1793, and Joseph Gurney, in 1795, owned "The Grove" at Cromer (now Mr. Henry Birkbeck's), and in the same year, Richard Gurney bought North Repps Hall of his brother-in-law, R. Barclay.
By ,1800 the place was well enough known to warrant a guide book, and one was published by Edmund Bartlett, jun., with a mezzotint view prefixed, showing a trading ship beached, ready to discharge cargo, and a great stretch of cliff still between the light- house and the sea. The book is poor stuff, giving little or no real information, the account in the "Norfolk Tour" being much better.
In 1806 was published a delightful little book of some fifty- seven pages, by an anonymous writer,* entitled " Cromer : a Descriptive Poem," and consisting of some 700 lines of the blankest verse I have ever had the luck to come across. Its dedication to Mrs. Wyndham, of Cromer Hall, is, however, neat : —
" Of Cromer it has often been doubted v/hether the spectator derives a greater pleasure from the subhmity of its sea views or the beauty of its landscapes ; and of you, madam, it is difficult to determine whether you are more to be admired for the dazzling attractions of your person or esteemed for the am.iable qualities of your heart."
After this one turns mechanically to the list of subscriptions to see how many copies taken by the dedicatee rewarded the dedi- cator, but unluckily there is no subscription list in my copy. In such copy, however, there is the following interesting j\IS. fly-leaf inscription : — " May a slight defect in the organs of speech prove no impediment to the successful love of an amiable and lovely woman."
Poor stuttering lover ! Could the book have been written with one eye on the prosaic, and another on the poetic side of the Wyndham estates ?
• J. S. Mannings.
14^ CRo:*rER, past and present.
Of his originality, two specimens will suffice :—
" No foot is heard upon the jetty's base ; I am alone, and leaning o'er its side I gaze in silence, thinking on the deep, Its dangers and its wonders and its paths, Dark, trackless, and unsearchable by all, Save by His eye Who," etc., etc.
But this is good : —
" Quiet the steady sociable proceeds. No danger in its course, and in the rear The humbler vehicle, that bears displayed, In letters legible to every eye, The stamp of fiscal avarice."
He means a taxed cart. ,
A great attraction to many were the two opposition coaches, that in pre-raiiway days ran daily from Norwich through the beautiful Stratton Strawless woods and Aylsham. It is true they were slow, owing to the inordinate quantity of luggage they had to take ; but they were dangerous enough to please the adventu- rous, and I must own that as far as I was concerned, I was always delighted when the heavy load which had been pressing the wheelers' haunches all the way down the final hill home, was landed safely outside Tucker's. For a long while the poor fellow known to fame as " Mad Wyndham " — though found 7iot so by inquisition — drove one of them, and about the same time there is a tradition that one of them went over Ingworth Bridge, passengers and all into the shallow stream below. The departure and arrival of the coaches wore the events of the day, and " Church Square " was always in a bustle then. Some of us used (we were young then) to walk out to Runton and run the coach in ; but whether this gave the idea of the only Athletic Sports I believe ever took place at Cromer, and which were duly chronicled, as in the foot- note in tlie " Bell's Life"* of the period, I know not. I was lucky
* "Cromer Athletic Sports. "Thursday, Sept. 5, 1S67. — These sports were held at the Colne House Field, by the kind permisiion of Lady Buxton, and notwithstanding the rain in the morning, a tine afternoon caused a fashionable attendance, and some excellent competition. The follow-
THE WATERING PLACE. 147
enough to win the steeplechase from better men, partly because I was very "fit" (having just won a L.A.C, challenge cup), and partly because Mr. Sandford, my most dangerous opponent, was put hors dc covibat at the first obstacle by an accidental kick in the stomach. Since then tennis has come in, on and off the sands, ad nauseam, and quite recently golf seems to have taken firm root, the Prince of Wales having presented a challenge cup.
I will say nothing of the railways. No doubt they are conve- nient to certain people, and since the coaches have ceased to run, even those who hate have to use them. Some day, perhaps, now that there is a revival of coaching, we old stagers may once more have a chance of reaching Cromer by coach from Norwich. The Great Eastern station has one redeeming point, it certainly has the finest view from it of any station I have ever seen. The line ceases on the crest of a hill, and the station stands like a fort command- ing the village and sea below.
ing is a brief return of the sport : — ico Yards Race — E. A. Hoare I, R- Tillard 2. Time loj sec. High Jump— J. G. Hoare of Cambridge (5 ft. 4^ in.) I, E. A. Hoare (S ft.) 2. Quarter of a Mile Race — E. A. Hoare of Cambridge, won easily in 59 sec. from R. Tillard of Cambridge, who was second. Bioad Jump — R. Tillard of Cambridge (18 ft. 4 in.) I, J, G. Hoare (iS ft.) 2. Hurdle Race, lOO yards— T. Mack I, F. Pelham 2 (both of Cambridge). Throwing the Cricket Ball — R. Tillard of Cambridge {99J yards) I, C. Tillard of Cambridge (97^ yarda) 2. Steeplechase, about three-quarters of a mile. For this race Messrs. E. A. Hoare, H. Pelham, W. Rye (L.A.C), L. Buxton, R. Tillard, F. Buxton, Sandford, and others started. After jumping a wall and crossing a hedge, the competitors got into a stubble field, but nearing a gate at the end, were rather straggly. Rye cleared the gate third, and then took the lead over the next jump, but shortly afterwards was passed by L. Bu.xton, who, however, shut up directly Rye spurted alongside him, and the others being beaten oti. Rye ran home an easy winner. Half-mile Handicap— E. A. Hoare, sen, 1 ; F. Buxton, 50 yards start, 2; J. Hoare, lOO, 3. Hoare won a quick race in 2 min. S sec. Consolation Stakes — C. Tillard l, C. L, Buxton 2. Boys' Race— F. Boileck I, F. Pattesson 2. Great thanks are due to J. Hoare, Esq., who acted as jcdge, and performed the duties to the satisfac- tion of all concerned."— j5^A'V Dfe.
CHAPTER VI.
When I projected this book I thought that this would be the easiest chapter of it to write, but on settifag down to it, it seems exactly the reverse ; for when I come to look round the place and over my notes, it is almost impossible for me, as a conscientious genealogist, to say, as I had hoped to be able to do, that certain fishermen-families have certainly been here plying their trade for many centuries, undisturbed by what has been taking place in the outside world. The outcome of my investigation really comes to this, that though many of our local names are very old in North Erpingham Hundred, they are by no means old in the parish. A striking exam.ple of this, and also of the danger of jumping at conclusions, is that the name of Rust is now one of the best known and respectable in the place. Until I went carefully into the matter I, knowing as I did that the name of William Rust occurred in the Subsidy Roll here for 1333, naturally concluded that the family had been here for over 500 years. So I thought, too, about the Clarks, for were not Hugh le Clerk and Stephen le Clerk here in 1327 and 1333? But investigation shows this is not so, and that both families came to Cromer quite recently.
Again, Mr. John Arnold is, or recently was, auditor at Cromer Hall ; but his family (whether or not descended from the Arnolds, former lords of the manor, I cannot say) have certainly not been at Cromer for many generations.
The Macks nury spring from Thomas iMakke, whose will was proved 1495 — 1515 (p. Ixxv. of Appendix), but I don't think so; and, joking apart, I believe that by a jingling coincidence, the Pyes and the Ryes are the only people who still have anything to do with Cromer, who were here 300 years ago.
THE PEOPLE. 149
We were here in 1588, and "John Pye alias Shipden's" will, was proved in 1591 (Appendix Ixxvi.)-
I don't think there are any Ransoms left in Cromer just now, but if so, they take priority of us ; for Robert Ransome was here in 1545, and they have stuck to the place till quite recently. Possibly Mr. Ranson, the present Mayor of Norwich, is of this family. His predecessor, Mr. F. W. Harmer, better known as a geologist than as a Norwich merchant and mayor, also traces his descent from a family very long settled in these parts. It would seem -as if it might be, that Cromer failing to make more mayors of London, had recently made them at Norwich instead.
Of the old landed families once here there are no traces left. Mr. Blofcld, the Norwich barrister, I believe is a descendant of the old Cromer family of his name, but has now no connection with the place. The Wyndhams and the Windhams are dead and gone, their very names hardly remembered, and their monuments "run over with cement" by men, who had they been alive, would have grovelled before them, as they do nowadays to their succes- sors; and the Harbords are the only oldish family connected with the place, who hold the land their ancestors got by judicious marriages. It is singular to note how history repeats itself, and how twice Cromer squires have owed most of their land to the proceeds of the pharmacopoeia.
The allied families of Gurncy-Hoare-Buxton, though landowners, can hardly be considered as being territorial proprietors in the ordinar>' acceptance of the words ; for they bought from the best of motives — a desire to live on and enjoy their own land. Like most new families raised from the ranks by undoubted abilities and talents, their first few generations are of great interest to the antiquary.
Who can read Borrov/s' vivid word-painting description of the good Oualccr Gurney of Earlham, without liking the man instinc- tively. Too much goodness and intellect is, however, likely to pall on one, and the quasi-aristocracy created by ancestors of intellect and charitable works grows a little tedious after awhile, and as I have said elsewhere, the unregencrate mind longs to find a bad Buxton.
To the philosophic outsider the study of the combination, or as it were the " close corporation," formed by these families is most
150 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
interesting. Judicious intermarriages would seem to be the key- stone of the edifice, and as an ethnological curiosity the pedigree sheet opposite is worthy of notice.
Another pedigree* the curiosity of which must be my excuse for inserting it, is my own, showing the way my own people have adhered to three christian names (Edward, James, and Elizabeth). I may say it generally omits such persons as do not bear such christian names.
1. Thomas RVEf of North Walsham, married Alice Spilman of
Cromer, a match which brought us to this place. Besides {i.a.) a son, Edward Rye (No. i), and a daughter Elizabeth (No. i), they had a son
2. William Rye, who was baptised at North Walsham 26th
May, 1560, and like his father married a Cromer girl,
Springall. He bought land held of Cromer Gunnor's manor in 15SS, got into trouble (as did his father) in 1589 for exporting grain without a license, and is mentioned as "William Rye of Cromer," in the will of his uncle, William Rye of North Walsham, in the same year. In his will, dated 1603 (Norf. Arch., 1602 — 3, p. 316), he mentions a large family, including James Rye (No. i) and Elizabeth (No. 2), and
3. Edward Rye (No. 2) of Cromer, who must have been born
after 15S2, for he was a minor in 1603, and was probably father of
4. Edward Rye (No. 3), senior, of Cromer, who was alive in
• From this pedi^ee— as extended in my "Account of the Family of Rye," — could be demonstrated how easily, by applying the Gurney process mentioned in the foregoing note, I could m.^.'-ve out a plausible descent for my ancestors from the Derbyshire visita- tion family of Rye of Whitwell, just as the Gurneys did from the Essex visitation family of Gurney.
Edward Rye of Wliitwell, sold the manor in 1583, and disappears. His mother's name was y<;«.', and he had brothers Raider s,n6. John, and a grand aunt £'//:a/5^///. In 1603, we find at Cromer, not only an EJiuard Rye, who had sisters Jane and Elizabeth, and a brother/c';/!, but later on a Ki.\^-t.r Rye. What, therefore, would have been more plausible than to have assumed the identity of the families ? But we know that these were accidental coincidences only.
■f For earlier pcdi^jree see Norf. Anti. Misc., vol. iii., p. 350.
-1 — .
/5;-)^
PEDIGREE SHOWING SO^-'^Y, HANBURY, BUXTON, AND HOARE.
Robert Barclay
Robert Barclay
Robert Barclay, M.P.
Margaret Barclay
David Barclay
I
I Alexander Barclay
I Robert Barclay
I Charles Barclay
Robert Barclay
Hudson Gurney
Samuel Hoare
Rachel Gurney
Elizabeth Gurney
Rachel Hanbury
John Barclay
Robert Barclay
Robert Barclay
Samuel Gurney
Sarah Gurney
Samuel Hoare
Bartlelt Gurney
!
John Gurney
Henry Gurney
Martha — John Gurney Biikbeck
Sir T. F. Louisa — Samuel Buxton Gurney Hoare
GrizeU = William Hoare Birkbeck
Calhenne Hankinson
Rev. Ed Eugenie Hoa Hankinson
Priscilla Buxton Hoare
Edward Hard castle
Emily = Edward ' Hardcastle Arthur '■
Hoare
Henry Albert Barclay
The John Gurney, with whom this pedigree begins, waintestste in i63r, could not have been that John of the same place, bom in 1655, was undoubtedly bom about 1653. He has been assun*y arguing that his brother Thomas, who took out administration in i63i. could cot of the House of Goumay (thus abandoning the theory fnoetn fie Thomas, son of Francis (bom 1661), as he was then a minor. But this was moners of a descent from a younger branch of the Wesley, for it was not unusual to gr.int administration to males over 18. To add prob- John, son and heir of Francis Gurney, Esq , of Maiden, y that Joseph Gurney (son of the debateable John) was of the real stock, the author "> 1655. Beyond the coincidence in dates, however, tK- " Records ' mentions (p. 5j6) that his marriage in 1713 was attcnd-d by Henry There is no need to go so far as Maiden for an ancestot and Miies Branthw.ul», ■• both connections of the W. Earsh.im Gurr..-. s.' " 1 here very parish of St. Gr-gory's before this John, the Churtilestones on the Dover road— let him answer tAai if he cm." The author was for- menUonmg an Andr^M Curnfy in 1640, who may wJI }g thai if his story were true, the connection of the Maiden Gumeys with those of Gurney was apprenticed to John Gillraan, who w^is of ti^arsham was of the remotest character.
1660. Again, we have an Adam Gurney. buried 2 Octeepting, however, as a literary curiosity, the subject is hardly worth the space I have mained 4 December, 1649. both at St. Gregorys. It is it, for there cannot be any moral doubt lliat the Keswick family are, one way or the ' Book of 1734-5. which describes John and Joseph, really descended from the knightly and once powerful fam iy of Gurney of Norfuik. «s worstead weavers, also gives the name of another a UtUe careful investigauon, wou-d I think, show their real descent, •eaver in St. George Colegate, which was the same
/5/-IO
PEDIGREE SHOWING SOME OF THE INTERMARRIAGES OF THE FAMILIES OF GURNEY, BARCLAY, HANBURY, BUXTON, AND HOARE.
John
.L
|
|
1 |
1 ■ |
|
|
Barclay |
dSncy |
" B«day |
Aaalha = Barclay |
|
Ba°n:Sy |
Rachd Hanbmy |
Han bury Gumey
Robert Joseph
Barclay Gumey
Elizabeth
Charles
Albert
The John Gumey. with whom this pedigree begins, was of St. Gregory's, Noi>v-ich, at was undoubt»;dly bora about 1655. He has been assumed by the amhor of the Recon of the House of Gournay (thus abardonin^ ihe theory formerly adopted ia Burke's Coi moners of a descent from a younger branch of the West Barsham line), to be the son
in 1655. Beyond the coincidence in dales, however, there is little to support this vie There is no need to go so far as Maiden for an ancestor, for there were Gumeys in i nry pansh of St. Gn-gory's bcfore-this John, the Churchwarden books of St. Gre^orj
Giimey was apprenticed to John
1648. so the trade may have been an heredita: Apart from all this, there is liitle dilTiculty (who, described as John Gumey, ^ent , had ii Fras. Gumey, gent.), died intestate in i63i, v tration to him. The author of the "Records"
1 Joseph Gumey, after
the John of Maiden, 1
ability that Joseph Gumey (son Davy and MiJes Branthwaiie. " getting that if bis story were tru
5 debaieable John) was of the real slock.
THE PEOrLE. 153
1621 (Feet of Fines, Xorf., Hilary, iS James I.), who again was probably father* of
5. Edward Rye (Xo. 4) of Cromer, in 1673 (Subsidy Roll), who
died 25 April, 1698, and whose will is proved iSth July, 1698. By his wife Anne he had, besides James (No. 2) Rye of Yarmouth [\vho was the father of Edward Rye (No. 6) and James (Xo. 3^], William (who was the father of Edward No. 7), and Elizabeth (Xo. 3), a son,
6. Edward Rye, the younger (Xo. 5), of Cromer, whose will is
dated 21st August, 17 10, who was the father of
7. Edward Rye (Xo. 8) of Cromer, whose will is dated 9th
September, 17 13, and who was the father of Elizabeth (No. 4) Rye and 7a. James Rye (No. 4) of Cromer, born after 1671, married Elizabeth, daughter of William Bacon of Thurgarton (see her father's will, dated 2nd August, 1718), and was the father of James Rye tXo. 5), Elizabeth Rye (No. 5), and of
8. Edward Rye (Xo. 9) of Cromer, who married Mary Smith,
of South Repps, in St Luke's Chapel, in Norwich Cathedral, 17th August, 1740, and moved to South Repps, where he was buried 12 September, 175 1. He had issue by her, Elizabeth Rye (No. 6) and
9. James Rye (No. 6), baptized 25 August, 1743, at South
Repps, married at Baconsthorpe, 19 May, 1766, Hannah, daughter of Nicholas and Hannah Thaxter of Bassinghara, by Frances, daughter of Robert Youngman of East Ruston, by his wife, ]\Iar}- Townshend. of Gresham. He moved to Baconsthorpe, where he lies buried, the stone to his memory stating he died 16 January, 1S29, aged S6. He was father of Robert, who had a son James Rye (No. 7), and of
10 Edward Rye (Xo. 10), baptized 24 July, 1774, at Bacons- thorpe, married ]\Iary, daughter of John Gibbs of Wells-by- the-Sea, by his wife, Susannah Cubitt, at Havealdon, near Chipping Ongar, Essex, on 13 October, 1799. Settled in London, where he was a wine merchant, and died at Chelsea, 24 August, 1840. He had issue,
II. Edward Rye (Xo. 11), born 2nd February, 1803, baptized St
* The Cromer parish registers unluckily do not begin till 16S9, so all the local pedi- grees are faulty about this time.
154 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT,
Andrew's, Holborn ; educated at St. Paul's School, married Maria, daughter of Benjamin Tuppen of Brighton, by Elizabeth, daughter of John Collins of St. Albans, on 2nd April, 1S2S, at St James', Westminster, and died at Brompton, Sth December, 1876, having had issue, besides Maria Susan Rye, of " Our Western Home," Canada, long connected with female education and the emigration of "gutter children," Elizabeth Rye (No. 7), the writer (Walter Rye (12a), and others.
12. Edward (Xo. 12) Caldwell Rye, born 10 April, 1832, educated at King's College School, a well-known naturalist, editor of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine and of the Zoological Record, and librarian to the Royal Geographical Society, married Isabella Sophia, daughter of the late George Robert Waterhouse, of the British Museum, the geologist and naturalist, by his wife, who was the grand- niece of Herschell, the astronomer, and by her. he had Edward (Xo. 13) Waterhouse Rye and others.
12a. Walter Rve, bom 31 October, 1S43 (the writer), once Hon. Sec. of the London Athletic Club, won {i.a) National Olympian half-mile and mile running championships in 1866, the seven mile walking championship in 1868, the Cromer Steeplechase in 1867, and the Norwich and East Dereham open tricycle races in 1882. Father of {i.a.) James (No. 8) Baco^i Rye, educated at St. Paul's School, where he won the mile in 1887 and 1888, when aged 16 — 17, and an open Scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, when aged 17, Frances Elizabeth (No. 8) Rye, and many others.
As to the Old Trade and Traders, I have treated in my third chapter, and some idea of their private lives can be gleaned from a few of their wills, which I have noted below. Take the earliest, that of William Welle. He was obviously struck down by his last illness, while on the Scotch herring fishery, for his will is said to have been made in Scotland, " infra fluxus maris " — while the tide was running I suppose, on the i6th September, 1452. It is strange how, dying in a strange land, he took care to remember his favourite guilds at home, and even the repairs to that pier which
THE PEOPLE. 15s
had serv^ed him so often, but against which he knew he would never again moor. John Fetche, in his will of the next year, by- talking of his hunting spear called "wilful" (the commoners would seem to have their pet names for their spears, even as their betters did for their swords), may give us a hint that the wild boar was not then quite extinct round about here, for this is no otter country.
In 1483, John Spark talks of his " blober hous" at Cromer, which looks as though there were then some whaling going on here. Clement Fysheman's will, which speaks of two six-oared boats belonging to him, points to a style of boat not now here. The inventory is curious. The others speak for themselves.
i6th Sept., 1452. William Welle of Shypden. To the high altar of Shypden 2s., to the Guild of the Blessed Mary there 1 2d., to the Guild of St. George there I2d., to the repara- tion of the pier 3s. A pilgrim to go in his name to St. Thomas of Canterbury, at my expense, and there offer id. If his goods will allow it he will have a chaplain to say mass daily in the Church of Shypden aforesaid for a year, but if not, residue to go in gifts of charity. Executors — his father, John Welle of Shypden, and John Bakon of Wyfeton. " Scripta at que confecta apud Scotia infra fluxu maris ibidem die et anno domini supra dicta."
(3 SepL), 1453. John Fetche — to be buried in the churchyard of Cromer. To the fabric of the church 6s. 8d., to the Guild of St. James I2d., to the Guild of St. George I2d. Legacies to his mother and to each of his sisters. To Margaret his sister, to Cecily his sister, to William Turner, to John Semer, to Margaret Chestany ; to James Beayn- ham my hunting spear* alias vocat' Wylfull ; to Robert Taylor my dagger ; to Joan, the servant of Margaret Chestany. Appoints Robert Jaksun and John Wulflete of Crowmer, his executors. Proved 17 Sep., 1453.
April, 1453. John Bound of Crowmcre. To be buried in the churchyard. To the high altar 8d., to the Guild of St
• Almost suggests boar.
156 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Anne I2d., to the Guild of St. John Baptist 8d., to the fabric of the church Sd., to the sustentations of the pier 8d., to the ploughlytt 4d. Isabella, his wife, executor. Proved 22 March, 1453 (Aleyn 203b?). 1454- John Blofield of Crowmer. To be buried in the churchyard of the Most Holy Apostles Sts. Peter and Paul of Cromer. To the high altar id., to the fabric of the church 6d., to the plough light 4d., to the pier 4d. Mentions property in Repps to son John for his life, remainder to son Simon and his heirs for ever. His nephew, John Blofeld, and Robert Playford of Repps, to be his executors. Proved 28 Nov., 1454. 1462. John Coupcr of Crowmer. To be buried in the church- yard. To the high altar 6s. 8d., to the emendation of the church 3s. 4d., to the plough light I2d., to the emendation of the pier 3s. 4d. 1467. Robert Jakkysson of Shipden. To be burled in church- yard of Sts. Peter and Paul. High altar 6s. Sd., emenda- tions of church 6s. 8d., " sustent. le pere " 3s. 4d., plough light 6d. To Katherine, his wife, his messuage. Proved at N. Repps, 8 Oct., 1467. 21 Aug., 1470. Nichs. Kaye of Crowmer, " mar>mcller," in presence of John Dallyng, maryneller, and John Reed, " talyor." To be buried in churchyard of Cromer. To the high altar for tithes forgotten I2d., to the reparation of the pier 20d., to have a pilgrim to go to St. Thomas of Canter- bury, to each of his nephews living at Westminster 6s. 8d. Residue to nephew, William Kaye, to be expended in charitable works. Proved at Norwich, 5 March, 1470 (Jekkys 199). 1483. John Spark of Crowmer. To be buried in the church. To the church " unum operlmentum piraunti defunct " in eadem ecclla manclpatur, of the value of 40s.
For great stones to be placed opposite the pier 40s. My cottage called " Bloberhous " in Shipden, My land called Lentes in Shipden. Wife Margaret to have his lands in Felbrigg, formerly of John Mody, for her life, and after her death his executors are to sell it, and with the proceeds provide a
THE PEOPLE. 157
chaplain to celurate daily in Shipden church for his soul and that of his wife (London, IMilles fo. 28).
1487 (?). William Balryk of Crcnncr. To the Guild of St. George I2d., plough light 6d., light of St. Nicholas 6d., light "Sancti Salvatoris" 6d., the pier I2d., the Guild of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Runton I2d. To my daughter Margaret five basins of [gilt ?] brass, a wash basin, a pair of beads of "gecte" [jet], a pair of [codie], a pair of sheets, a brass pot, and two candlesticks, upon condition that she should be of good behaviour towards her mother Isabella. j\Iy wife Isabella to have this place in which I dwell for ever, or to sell it if she pleases, on condition that she pays to my son John Balr>'k 40s., v/hen he comes to the age of twenty-one. Executors — Isabel my wife, Richard Fulstowc of Crov/mer, Proved at Gimmingham, IS Sep., 14S7.
1498. Robert Stronge of Crowmer. Body to be buryed in the porch of Crowmer. To v/hose hygh Awter I bequeth and
Jt to y* Repacon of ye Southe pourche vj^ viij"^ Jt to y* Repacon of y* Churche iij^ iiij^ Jt to y* gylde of Saynt George xij<^ Jt to y^ plowlyght xij"^ Jt to y« pere iij* iiij<^
The place that he dwell in to be sold, if his wife will buy it — to have it five mks. cheaper than the best price it will fetch, or five mdcs.
Place that Wat Strong his son dwells in, to be sold for XXV. mrc. ; if his son will buy it, to have it for 15 marc.
Also J wyll p' if William Rugge wol by the on halfe of
my Shyppe callyd the ^.larye w' all y^ apperell yerto
longyng he to have y^ for xv'' to be payd by myne
Executs w' in ij yore ells to be solde to as good a pryce
as y' may be brought to Also J wolle p' Richard Stronge
my brodyr and Waf Stronge myn sonne haue my boote
i namyd the fortune w' all y' Apperell y* to longyng be a
I lefull pryce made be Robt warde my .supuiso'' Also i
I woll that my lytyll boote namyde y* Jorge be solde for as
■ good a prj'ce as it maye be brought to by myne executs.
I 1523. Robert Carr, Citizen and Goldsmith of London. Will,
IS8 CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
1523, of the Tarish of SL Nich. Coldabbey to the Repa- ration of Crowmcr peer iij" vj^ viij'^ ... to Crowmer church some Jucll of v'' value for a contynuall mcmorie . . . to the Chapcll of Saint Albright iiij myle out of Crowmer bitwene Monslay and Bromholme standing in the felde a vestment. 15 19. Clement Fysheman of Crowmer. To be buried in church of SL Peter and Powle of Crowmer in aley before the rode. To which high aultar 13s. 4d., repair of same 3s. 4d., gild of our Lady of Pity 3s., gild of St. George I2d., plowe- light 1 2d., repair of pere 3s. 46.., house of Black Friars of Blakency I2d., house of Grey Friars of Norwich I2d., house of Friars Austin of Norwich 2od. Mr. Patrike, greyfrier, other'^ called Cooke ; Alys, wife, nets, ropes, &c. Residue of nets to be divided between John, son, and Robert, son. Clement Fysheman, my neve, 40s., to help him to school. Alice, wife, my Vl-oore bote. John, son, my other Vl-oore bote, he to give his brother 6s. Sd. Alice, wife, place where I dwell, and place called Maggs to be sold, and a secular priest to sing one year in Cromer ch. " Close by Annes Grene," taking down houses at the cliff.
Joan Fisheman, nece ; IMargaret Ficheman, goddau. ; Alice and Katherine Fisheman, goddau. ; each other neve and nece ; Clement Davy, godson ; Alice, " nesce." Executors— Alice, wife ; Robert, son ; John, son. Wit- nesses—\Vm. Frances, Robt. Reve Skrevenor, Christr. Urford, corportcrs.
Dated, iS July, 15 19.
Proved, 26 Nov., 15 19, by sons at S. Repps, power re- served to wife. On a parchment pinned in register : — Inventorie of goods of Clemt. Fysheman. Apprized, 19 Nov., 1 5 19, by Roger Bradfeld, Jno. Blofeld, Rob. Archer, and Tho. Bctts.
One bull and calf -jz. ; 3 swyne 4s. ; Sow with 8 piggs 4s. ; C salt fish 20s.; 13 parelos bords and 5 looks for windows 2s. 4d. ; all old planchcry bords 2s. ; an old dagger and an old pece timber 4d. ; 4 peyr ship tongs 4d. ; 2 windows tall and an old durr
THE PEOPLE. 159
(durvee?) i6d. ; half a wey salt los ; all old tymbre in the house 13s. 4d. ; the place at IMaggs x"^-
The chief characteristics of the fishermen used to be great bold- ness in the face of real danger, and an almost childish terror of the supernatural. The former remains, but the latter is fast vanishing under the hands of the School Board master and the cheap press, under whose influences the younger generation are gradually be- ginning to disbelieve everything. They used to fear to cross the chancel ruins after nightfall — probably on account of the child's ghost, so graphically told me by my excavator, as printed by me in a note on page 92 — and rarely cared to go home alone after nightfall. " Old Shuck," that ghastly and inconsistent fiend dog — a shaggy black animal with noiseless tread and saucer eyes (although it was headless !) — to meet which was death in the year, was firmly believed in ; and not so very long ago, some practical jokers caused a perfect stampede by turning a black ram festooned with rattling chains out at night. Quite recently the report that there was a walking light seen nightly out Runton away, used to attract to the spot many who, half hoped, half feared, to see it. Rumour went that it appeared because " some bones " were dis- turbed in digging, and there seems little reason to doubt that a cinerary urn zvas found and destroyed on the spot ; but the labourer who found it, though still alive, is so conscience-stricken at the ghostly light he has unconsciously brought into existence, that he firmly declines to point out the spot lest a worse thing befall him. Again, when a bridge was being built in " Shuck Lane," a human skull was dug up, whose former owner also walks till the improbable event of its being replaced occurs.
Two ghost stories, which have as much foundation as most of these have, I was told by one inhabitant. The first was how, many years ago, his grandfather was buried in the churchyard just inside the wall, at a time when resurrection men were busy. Intimation was given in a roundabout way that the grave was to be robbed, so the relatives took the precaution of having it watched. One night the watcher, covered by the wall, heard a lot of timorous fishermen going home in company from the closing of of the inn, " hallering like mad" to keep their spirits up. The watcher, chilled with quiet waiting, determined to warm himself
l6o CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
with an adventure, so pulling his white smock over his head, he rose up slowly from the new grave with a dismal groan. The story goes that such a precipitous clattering flight never took place before in the village, and that no one of the lot cared to be the first to rise in the morning. The other tale was how he was driving home one dark night in his gig, and some miles outside Cromer heard piercing shrieks, and soon after saw the figure of a wild, half-naked woman, with flashing eyes and flowing hair, run past him absolutely noiselessly as he pulled up, chilled with super- natural fear, to see what matter of thing it was, and then vanish round a corner. Rumour goes that my informant's mare had to do the very fastest two miles ever recorded into Cromer town, and that there was a carafte of brandy mysteriously empty next morn- ing; also that things in general felt very shaky and bad to the ghost-seer, till to his immense relief, he heard the next day that a female lunatic had escaped barefoot and in her nightgown from an adjoining " Union."
I have, however, sadly wandered from the fishermen — sometimes called ** Cromer crabs," from their staple catch. A good account of them and their work is to be found in the late Frank Buckland's Reports on the Fisheries of Norfolk, to which I must refer my readers who are specially interested in the subject. He says " the sea-bottom is verj,- irregular, so that a trawl net cannot be used, and that for sixteen miles square there is a vast forest of seaweed, which is naturally a splendid breeding and feeding place for crabs." He estimates the fishing population at about 120, with about 50 boats, and seems to think that the Cromer men were more sensible than their neighbours at Sherringham in not sacrificing undersized crabs. The lobster fishing here, too, is good ; but it is a pity some agreement cannot be made not to catch the smaller lobsters and crabs, for the legal limit is far too merciful.
A lot of coarse fish, Scotch mackerel, iScc, are taken yearly, and some of better sorts, but the supply is hardly enough to supply the visitors. An especial feature of interest to visitors is the occasional •* flaring " with torches for sea trout, of which I have seen some splendid specimens caught.
The fishermen hereabouts had a characteristic prayer of their own, which the Rev. F. Procter, of Witton, took down thus : —
THE PEOPLE. l6l
•* Pray God lead us ;
" Pray God speed us ;
" From all evil defend us ;
" Fish for our pains God send us.
•' Well to fish and well to haul,
'* And what He pleases to pay all.
" A fine night to land our nets,
" And safe in with the land.
" Pray God hear my prayer."
APPENDIX
I.
0numcnt5 in Ibc Cburrb*
J vJ U
South Az's/e Wall. TO THE MEMORY OF
MARGARET
THE BELOVED WIFE OF COMMANDER JOHN KING ROYAL NAVY
inspecting co^lmander of the coast guard Born June 20^^' 1799 Died November 25"^" 1841.
BLESSED ARE THE DEAD WHICH DIE IN THK LORD. ReV. I4 Chap. I3 TCr.
This J^Ionument
Sacred to the iMemory of
Charles Stewart Earle
Surgeon of tliis Parish
is erected
by the contributions of his numerous friends
as a tribute of respect
to the departed worth of one
who by ingenuous and unaffected manners
and an exemplary discharge of all social duties
Added to an excellent knowledge of his profession
justly merited and obtained
the esteem and affection of all who knew him
iL APPENDIX I.
He died
in firm reliance on his Saviour's Love
On the XII day of Dec^ MDCCCXXXIV
Aged XXXIV years.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness for they shall be filkd. Matt. 5 chap. 6 ver.
Subjoined are the arms and crest of the Trinity House, with which probably the deceased had some official connection.
3. ^ SACRED
To the Memory of
Anthony Dilchcll
who departed this Life Jan^y the 29'^
1769, in the 6i'' year of his Age
Also of
yohn Ditchcll his Son
who died June 5''^ 176S Aged 27 years
Also of Sarah Ditchcll
Relict of Anthony D it c hell
who died Jan'^ iS^^ 17S0 Aged 69 years
Also near this place is Interred Sarah
Eldest Daught^ of Anthony & Sarah Ditchell
and wife of the ReV^ Richard Sibbs
who died 27'^ April 1802 Aged 59 years
Phcbe Ditchell
(Daughter of the above named
Anthony & Sarah Ditchcll) born
Jan^ iS'^ 1748 Died April lo-'"^ 1S17
Aged 69.
lAffit 111 peace i\i5e in glotg
Also three of y^ Children of John & Phebe Ditchell
Sarah Ditchell Ditchell who died Ocf 5'^ 1771
aged I year 4 months
John who died May ii''> 1773 aged 4 days
John who died July 5-*' 1774 aged 6 weeks
Sarah who died Oct^ 24^'^ 1779 aged i month
Arid five Children who also died
Infants
MONUMENTS IN THE CHURCH. UL
4. M . S
Of George WyndJiavi Esq^'
Of Cromer Hall in this County
who lies interred in a Vault beneath
He departed this Life
On the i^' of January iSio
In the 48^'^ year of his age
Having left issue six children
He served for many years as Major
in the East Regiment of Norfolk ^^lilitia
in times of great difficulty and publick agitation
and died universally respected
and deeply lamented
His eldest son George Thomas
Erects this monument in grateful remembrance
Of a kind and affectionate father
July 12'^ 1826
Arms : Az. a chev, between 3 lions' heads erased or. Crest : A lion's head erased wiihin a fetterlock or.
• 5. Near this place
j are interred the remains of
1 yohn Wyndham of this Parish Esq'
I • yongest son of Thomas Wyndham
\ of Clear^vell in the County of Gloucester Esq.
j who died on the 26 of April 1765
I in the 32^ of his age.
He married Elizabeth daughter of
Richard Dalton of the County of Lincoln Esq
by whom he left Issue one son and two daughters
George Charlotte & Sophia
Elizabeth Wyndham
Departed this Life
the 19'*^ January 17S5
Aged 58 years
Arms: Wyndham (ut ante) impaling Ar. 3 lozet-es gu. 2 and r, each charged with a saltier of the first.
iv. APPENDIX I.
6. Sacred to the Memory of George Thomas Wyndham Esq"'
Of Cromer Hall in this parish
& of Gayhurst & Brodcsby
in the Counties of Buckingham & Leicester
who departed this Life on the 5^'' day of February 1S30
and in the 24'^ year of his age
Having intermarried with ^laria second daughter
of Admiral Windham of Felbrigg
by whom he left issue jMaria Anne born 13'^ I\Iay 1827 George Thomas 2P' SeptM82S Ceciha IS'*^ Sepf 1829
Arms: Wyndham impaling Windham. Motto: "Au Bon droit. "
7. Sacred to the ]\Iemory of George Thomas IVrighte Wyndham
only son and Heir of
George Thomas Wyndha/n
of Cromer Hall Esq''=
who was born the 21^' of September 1S28
and who died at ISIadcira of Brain fever on
the 27^^^ of February 1S37
This Tablet has been erected by his affectionate mother
Maria Ai(<:usta Viscountess Emiismore
South Aisle Floor.
Brass of a female wiih hands crossed in prayer, wearing a dress striped downward from the waist, the stripes being alternately plain and cross hatched ; underneath is inscribed —
8. Orate p ala Margarcte Cohforth* def
quj obijt a" dui m v xviij'' cui aie ppiciet
• This should be read Coraforth, there bein^ a family of that name long resident here.
MONUMENTS IN THE CHURCH.
9. Beneath this ^Marble arc interred
the Remains of
Anthony Ditch ell
who departed this Life, the 29"^
of Jan'i' 1769. Aged 61 years
Also of John DitchcU his Son
who died June the S'^ i/^^S
Aged 27 years.
And of Sarah Ditchell Ditchell
the daughter of
John and Phebe Ditchell
who died the 5'^ of Octo''^ 177 1
Aged I Year and 4 Months
Also of John their 2"^^ son \vho died
May the ii^^ 1773- Aged 4 days
And also of John their 3^^ son who
died July the 4^^^ 1774 Aged 6 weeks
And of Sarah Ditchell
Relict of Anthony Ditchell
who died Jan^^ 18'^ 17S0 Aged 69 years
10. In Memory of
Ann Plumblv Spinster. And
Mary the Wife of Pell Leak the
daughters of Robert and Amy
Plumbly. Ann Plumbly died
the II day of October 1772
Aged 20 years
And IMary Leak died the 14 day
of December 1773 Aged 29 years
Also Ann Plumbly Leak
daughter of the said PELL and
Mary LExVK who died in her infancy
Also Robert Plumbly
and Amy his wife, she died the 21
day of February 17S0. Aged 65 years
and he died the 24^ day of Nov'
1782 Aged yy years
APPENDIX I.
Also Elizabeth Chaplin Dauj^htcr of the above
Robert & Amv Plumbly
who died Jan'^' 12''^ 1816
Aeed So Years*
11. Near this place lieth the Body of the Rev<i
Richard Sibbs,
Rector of Thurgarton
and Vicar of Cromer
who departed this Life
July 18 . 1S04
Aged 60 Years
Also of Sarah his wife
who departed this life
April 27 . 1802
Aged 59 Years,
12. Beneath this Stone are interred the remains
of
M"- Katherine Partridge
relict of the late
Henry Partridge Esq""
OF CROMER
She died 15'^ Dec^^ 18 19 Aged 70
The attendance of her to the grave given unsolicited by the principal inhabitants of this place affords the best memorial of the esteem in which she lived S: died amongst them.
• Afterwards altered to 82.
MONUMENTS IN THE CHURCH. Vll.
13. SACRILD
TO THE MEMORY OF
THE REV° SAMUEL JOHN GARDINER a.m.
late of Oriel College Oxford. THHiD SON OF
Samuel Gardiner of Coombe Lodge in the
County of Oxford Esq-- BORN Nov'^ THE i^"-^ 1792
Died Dec the 4''' 18 17.
During the short period it was permitted him to exercise the Pastoral Office the temporal &: spiritual welfare of ' his flock was nearest his heart — He led them beside the still waters of comfort & in the Paths of Right- eousness through the merits alone of his Saviour Jesus Christ. He lived unspotted from the world, a lively transcript oi the Doctrines he taught, an obedient son — a sincere Friend & in every relation of life exemplary — as a record of his many excellent Talents &: Virtues — his affectionate & afflicted Father has caused this Tablet to be placed over his remains.
Arms : Quarterly, I and 4 ; Or, on a chev. gu. between three griffins' heads erased. ... 2 lions passant combatant. 2 and 3 ; Ar. on a cross or S mullets — I, 3, and I.
In chief a mullet for difference.
Crest: A griffin's head erased.
Nort/i Aisle Wall.
14. Sacred
to the memory of MARY ALEXANDER
FORMERLY OF BURY S"^ EDMUNDS
BUT FOR MANY OF HER LATTER YEARS
RESIDENT IN THIS PARISH
WHO DIED ON THE /'^ APRIL 1 844
IN HER 75''' YEAR
DESERVEDLY BELOVED AND
RESPECTED
VllL APPENDIX I.
15. In Remembrance
of
Lucy Madeline
daughter of Hcnyy Robert Pearson,
of
Hyde Park Square, London, Esquire,
who entered into rest
July 23. AD 1869
at Cromer
Aged 19
" It was but a little that I passed
from them but I found Ilim Whom
my Soul loveth."
16. Sacred
To the jMemory of
MARY the wife of
BENJAMLN RUST
who departed this hfc Sepf 3*^ 1833
Aged 38 years
What is your life ? It is even a Vapour that appeareth for a little time and then vanish- eth away. James I v. 14.
Also of
Benjamin Rust
who died Ocf 23'''^ 1S04 aged 73 years
and was buried in the Cemetery
North Aisle Floor.
17 In Memory of
CHARLES RICE
Gent
who died June 15'^ 1S03
Aged 70 years
MONUMENTS IN THE CHURCH.
i8. Sacred
TO THE MEMORY OF
BENJAMIN RUST
who departed this life
(after a long and Painful
affliction which he bore
with patient resignation)
2o''» OF June 1S24
Aged 66 Years.
Watch therefore for ye know not
WHAT hour your LORD DOTH COME
ilATTW XXIV 42
19- Sacred
TO the memory of
HANNAH wife of
BENJAMIN RUST
who departed this life
DEC* 26^" 1 83 I aged 72 YEARS
Calm in the bosom qf thy God
Fair spirit rest thee now E'en while with our's thy footsteps trod
His seal was on thy brow Dust to its narrow house beneath !
Soul to its place on high?* They who have seen thy look in death
No more may fear to die.
BE not slothful BUT FOLLOWERS OF THEM WHO THROUGH FAITH AND PATIENCE INHERIT THE PROMISES HEB VI 12
also of
Thomas son of Benj-' and Georcina
Rust who died the 27"^" of march 185 i
■ Aged 3 years and six months
SCFFF.R LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO ME AND FORBID THEM NOT, FOR OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM OF GOD LUKE XVIII chap. l6 V.
• Sic
2B
X. APPENDIX I.
On a loose brass, now in the church chest, but which was for- merly at the east end of the church, is the following inscription —
20. Orate pro aiab; Willi Arnold Bastard ? Johe uxoris eif quoll aiab} ppicictur dc(; amen.
The Norris ]\ISS. also mentions a brass to the memory of Catherine Arnold.
Besides these monuments, all of which are still existent in the church, were until recently others, for the following notes of which I was indebted to the Rev. James Bulwer, of Hunworth, who kindly copied them for me from his splendid collections. I expect he copied them from the Norris and Martin I\ISS., now in my collection.
On a stone within the communion rails*
21. Here lyeth the Body of Sir George Windham Knt who died
Nov'' 22^^ Anno Dom. 1663. Here lyeth the Body of Lady Windham v/ho died 30'^ Jan^^
1712. Francis Windham Esq"", January y^ 22"<^i730, aged 74.
On circular brasses inlaid at the four corners of a large stone (the first half of the second line is in the possession of Mr. Sand- ford)—
22. As I am so shall you be I pray yow al pray for me
23. Here lyeth the Body of Margaret the wife of Nathaniel Smith
gent, who died July 31" 1723 aged 46 years
24. Here lyeth the Body of Nathaniel the son of Nathaniel Smyth
and Margaret his wife who died n^^ Feb. 1704 aged 9 weeks
Also Martha the daughter of Nathaniel and Margaret his wife who died 23"^ Nov"" 170S aged 3 weeks
• Now very improperly covered up with tie new tiling of the floor.
MONUMENTS IN THE CHURCH. xi.
Nathaniel the son of Nath' Smith and Tvlarg' his wife died 30'*" day of Sept 1706 aged 8 days
Margaret the daughter of Nathaniel and ^Niargaret Smith died 7^^ of April 17 10 aged 7 days
On a brass —
25. Orate p aia Joh'is Breesc* q' obiit primo [Martin has x°] die
Novemb^ a° Dai m° v'^ xxxiiij° [Martin has xxxiij°] cujf ale ptie? deus.
26. Hie jacet Thomas Moulton cujf ale ptiet deus Obiit 151 1.
27. Orate p aia Willi Fechyt qui obiit ix° die Januarii a° Dni
mill° v° xix° cujf ale ptie^ deus
28. Mary the wife of Richard Payne died Jan^ 22. ijii aged 84
years.
On a stone in the north aisle were four effigies inlaid in brass, with the following inscription —
29. Orate p aiab} Thome Bowiiia Johe Johe ? IMargarete uxo 1/
suall quol/ aiab) propicietur deus. Amen.
This brass is now in the possession of ?Jr. Sandford.
Blomefield also mentions a brass: "Orate p' a'i'a Joh'is Monise." He also states that there were in the windows the arms of Erping- ham and of Sir Robert Knowls, with his crest, a ram's head az. armed or, of Uffords Earl of Suffolk, and the following —
Arg. 2 dolphins haunar4t combatant sa. (? Arnold) on a chief gu. 3 escallops of Uie
first. Per chev. sa. and ar. 3 sea mews' heads erased and counter charged. Arg. 6 annulets sa. and a bordure gu. Beckswell, Bacon, and Stanhors quarterly. Also Clere, Heydon, and lierney.
On a brass under the last window on the east end of the north aisle: " In memory of Edward Heath who died on the 13''^ day of Decemb'' iS6i aged 66 years."
• Bulwer had this Braeli, but it is clearly Breese, see proof of his will.
xii. APPENDIX II.
2.
Insaiptinns in lljc (llmt^mxV
1. James, son of Henry and Elizabeth Nockells, died 19 Nov.,
1840, aged I year and 9 months.
2. Newman Cohnan, servant in ]\Ir. Ditchell's family for 30 years,
died 23 July, 1S02.
3. William Gray Read, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Gray
Read, died i Nov., 1834.
4. Elizabeth, wife of John Willamcnt, died 3 (?) Jan. 1762. (?)
5. William Har\-ey Le Francois died i Sept., 1834, aged 9, also
Peir Le Francois, who died 11 Feb., 1841, aged 57. 6 son of John Will anient (?)
7. Edwin B easy died i Nov., 1 8 56, aged 25; also his daughter,
Phoebe Priscilla, died 12 April, 1857, aged 9 months.
8. Hannah, widow of Charles Beasy, died 24 June, 1858, aged 29.
9. Francis Quinccy died 29 Sept., 1S04, aged 66. Ann his wife
died 16 Dec, 18 16, aged 85. Martha their daughter died 12 Oct, 1779, aged 3. John Webb, husband of the said Ann Quincey, died 7 Nov., 1765.
10. John Stokes died 23 March, 1836, aged 53. Ann his wife
died 5 March, 1S60, aged y^. John his son died 11 March, 1836, aged 24.
11. Ann, wife of Samuel Kirby . . . (old : bottom part sunk.)
12. John, son of John and Charlotte Bunn, died 16 July, 1834,
aged 21 ; also George their son, who died in infancy.
13. William Cook, master mariner, bom 24 June, 1764, died 19
April, 182S.
14. Martha ]\Iaria, wife of William Cook, died 11 April, 179S, aged
• Want of space has prevented my printing these at full length, but I have noted every /^/ they contain. The arrangement is as the stones are arranged, beginning at the north-east end of the Churchyard.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CIIURCIIVARD. Xlll.
15. William Cook, master mariner, died 20 Feb., 178S, aged 6^.
Dinah, daughter of William and ?.Iartha Cook, died 21 I\Iay,
1769, in her infancy. Samuel Cook, mariner, son of W. and M. Cook, died 21 March, 18 11, at the department of Sarre Louis.
16. Mary Alexander, spinster, died 7 April, 1S44, in her 75th year.
17. E. H. Jarz-is died 6 April, 1837, aged 8 months.
18. William Jarzu's, many years master mariner and ship-owner of
this place, died 8 Nov., 1845, aged yj. Martha IMaria his -wife, died 8 Jan. 1848, aged 80.
19. Charles Smith died 9 March 1825, aged 58. ]\Iary his wife
died 26 Oct., 1839, aged 72. Joanna King Smith died 16 April, 1807, aged 2. Joseph King John Smith died 20 March, 1826, aged 17.
20. William Webb died 9 June, 1800, aged 62.
21. John Davies died 12 April, 1857, aged 29.
22. Mary, wife of Nicholas Frcary, died 19 July, 1702.
23. John Herz'ey died 30 April, 1801, aged 74. Ann his wife died
I Oct., 1820, aged 89. John their son died 5 Dec, 1802, aged 40. Alice their daughter died 13 March, 1785, aged 19.
24. Captain John Taylor died 4 Jan. 1783, aged 68. Mary his wife
died 23 Oct., 1758, aged 36. John their son died 13 March,
1770, aged 23. William their second son died at Barba- does, II Oct., 1 78 1.
25. Christopher
26. James, son of Thomas and ?ylary Harrison, died 12 Dec, 1S27,
aged 27.
27. Ann Howlett Heath died 26 Feb., 1830, aged 26.
28. William OXo^lon Johnson, gent, many years resident at Ludham
in this County, died at Cromer 25 June, 1831, aged jj. He was son of the Rev. Samuel Johnson, of Runton, and Elizabeth Monsey his wife, and was baptized at Runton 7 April, 1755.
29. (Crest — a stag's head.) Susan Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
James and Susanna* Garthon, of Northrepps, bom 14 Jan., 1824, died 8 June, 1827.
* She was a Miss Tucker— J. G. was a doctor at Norwich.
XIV. APPENDIX II.
30. Elizabeth, wife of G. Dingle and daughter of G. C. and S.
Tucker, born 30 Jan. iSoi, died 31 March, 1S29. Charlotte, wife of Robert S. Barnes, and daughter of G. C. and S. Tucker, died 11 Nov., 1858, aged 30: her remains are interred in the Sheffield Cemetery. George Cooke Tucker* died 7 May, 1842, aged 90. Susan Tucker, died 14 April, 1846, aged yZ.
31. Charles Whaley Spitrgcon, of King's Lynn, died 9 July, 1S51,
aged 48.
32. John George Lokctt, of Upper Conway Street, Fitzroy Square,
gent, died 3 July, 1S25, aged 43.
33. Sarah, wife of Edward Stone, died 17 Dec, 1795, aged 23.
Also their beloved son William Stone, died 29 April, 1820.
34. Francis C^.r died 21 December, 1846, aged 73.
35. Frances, daughter of John and Frances Rayner, died i April,
1831, aged 19. Also above John Rayner, dii^di ii March, 1837, aged 51.
36. Jonathan Ncal died 22 January, 1S35, aged 'j'i. Mary his wife
died 2 July, 1832, aged yG.
37. John Breese, born 3 April, iSoo, died 12 Alarch, 1854. Anna
Maria Nickols his daughter died 13 September, 1863.
38. Henry Ransom^ died 11 December, 1816, aged 52. Judith
Susannah his wife died 6 September, 1834, aged 62. Also William their eldest, and Thom.as their sixth son.
39. Shearman Butler Ransom died 15 Aug. 18 11, aged 54.
Martha his wife died 31 Dec, 1822, aged 6j. Susan their youngest daughter died 2 Nov., 181 3, aged 20.
40. William Ransom died 12 April, 1806, aged 72. I^.Iary his wife,
died 7 September, 1S07, aged 71.
41. Thomas Field died 18 September, 1841, aged ^6. Susannah
his wife died 12 June, 1864, aged 91.
42. Mar>' distance died 13 April, 1S54, aged Z6, relict of William
C, master mariner, unfortunately lost at sea.
43. Frances, wife of John Rogers, died 25 March, 1859, aged 6-}^. 44- Fanny Harriett Cardew, child of James and Fanny Cooper, died
I Feb., 1858, aged 5. 45. Henry Ransom died 17 Feb. 1S32, aged 38.
» He came here as a tide-waiter.
t They are said to come from Beeston, but the name is an old on- here.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD. XV.
46. William Henry, child of Robert and Susanna Curtis, died 22
Feb., 1858, aged 2 years and 9 months.
47. James Curtis* died 21 Dec., 1S49, aged 84. Cassandra his
wife died 2 Nov., 1832, aged 79.
48. John, son of },Iatthew and Elizabeth Brooks, died 17 Jan.,
1858, aged 18. Also two brothers who died in their infancy.
49. iVIary Ann, daughter of William and IMary Elizabeth Chadivicky
died 25 August, 1859, aged 17.
50. John Chadzvick died 18 Dec, 1855, aged 84. Ann his wife
died 4 Aug., 1S52, aged y-j.
51. Sarah, wife of David Vial, died 24 July, 1857, aged 'j'^.
52. In memory of three children of John and Mary Hardingham :
James born 21 June, 18 12, died 8 Aug., 181 2 ; James born 9 Oct., 1824, died 12 Dec, 1826; IVIary Ellen born 29 Oct., 1820, died 3 May, 1827; also of James, born i\Iay, 1S30, and died April, 183 1.
53. John Abel (X\zi\ 8 ?.Iay, 1850, aged 78. Susannah his wife died
4 Jan. 1848, aged 6Z.
54. Sarah Ann, wife of IMiles Harrison, died 8 July, 1816, aged 25.
55. William Walpole Kennedy, master mariner, and beloved hus-
band of Mary Kennedy, died 29 June, 1859, aged 62. Probably son of Thom.as Kennedy, of Cromer, and Eliza- beth Warpole (Sic), of Runton, m. at R. 14 April, 1795.
56. William Harrison, son of William and IMary Kennedy, died 28
Dec, 1845, aged 24.
57. Samuel Cockscdge, formerly of Larlingford, died 5 Jan. 1822,
aged 65.
58. Elizabeth, wife of Henry /^rxvV, died 22 May, 1845, aged 32.
[Came from Overstrand.]
59. Ephraim Jarvis died 2 Aug., 1S56, aged 46. Hannah his wife
died 18 Aug., 1S55, aged 38.
60. Ephraim /<r?rc7> died 8 Sept., 1830, aged 56. Sarah Bulling
his wife died 22 Nov., 1847, aged 65.
61. Sarah, daughter of Ephraim and Sarah /^r^'/V, died 21 Sept.,
1825, aged 16.
62. Henry Flower Bignold, son of John and Mary Bignold of this
parish, died 11 June, 1S20, aged 20.
• He came from Catton.
XVL APPENDIX II.
6s. John Bignold died 4 Nov., 1S37, aged 64. Mary his wife died 9 Feb., 1835, aged 64.
64. Thomas Albert, son of John and Harriet Walker, died 15 July,
1858, aged 4 months.
65. George Chilvcs, master mariner of King's Lynn, died 27 Sept.,
1778, aged 37.
66. John Harrison and Benjamin his son, unfortunately lost at
sea, 13 Oct.. 1S22, aged 44 and 20. 6-j. Francis Pank died 17 Feb., 1S32, aged jj. Sarah his wife died
• 28 May, 1799, aged 36. 6%. Francis Pank died 10 April, 1856, aged 67. 6g. Thomas B/j'l/ie, late of Haveringland, died 28 Feb., 1855, aged
80. Ann his wife died 6 Feb., 1859, aged 84.
70. Elizabeth Salmon Kirby (?)
71. John Delve Smith, husband of Ann Frances Smith, died 28
Aug., 1859, aged 34.
72. James Pearson died 24 Sept., 1801, (?) aged 62. James his
son died 1797. (more buried?)
73. " Here lie the remains of Five Mariners, being part of the crew
of the ' Trent ' of North Shields, who were drowned on Cromer beach during the dreadful storm of the 17th and i8th of February, 1S36. Joseph Baley aged 30, John Nicholson 25, William Hart 25, Thomas Lister 22, Robert Hall 16. Their Employers have erected this Stone as a record of the mournful event, and as a warning to the Surviving."
74. Mary Smith i?t7/ died 26 Dec., 1857, aged 6^^,
75. IMary Staccy died 26 Sep., 1827, aged 75.
^6. John Blyth died 6 ]\Iarch, 1824, aged 78. Sarah his wife died 17 Aug., 1824, aged jz. Also two of their children, James aged 14, Joseph aged 24.
yj. Thomas Brozvn died 22 June, 1850, aged 58. Sarah his wife died I Sept., 1868, aged 74.
78. Elizabeth, relict of Thomas Brcame, died 8 Sept. 1822, aged 82,
79. Thomas Mickclburgh died 12 Sep., 1822, aged 80. IMartha his
wife died 18 May 1S32, aged 'j'^. 8a Nicholas, fourth son of Thomas and Martha JMickclbiirgh, died 19th Oct, 18 14, aged 23. Also Nicholas, their first son, died 18 Sept., 1787, aged 4 years and 4 months, and Francis, their third, died 20 Nov., 1788.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD. XVlL
8 1. Thomas, son of Thomas and IMartha Mickclburgh, died 3 June,
1823, aged 38. 83. Francis Pearson died 4 Feb., 1816, aged 85. Alice his wife
died
83. Catherine, daughter of Francis and Alice Pearson, died 21
April, 1832, aged 75.
84. Francis Pearson died 13 April, 1S29, aged 64. ^.lary his wife
died 5 Feb., 1821, aged 49. Frances their daughter died 14 Feb., 1799, in infancy.
85. Benjamin Leak died 3 I\Iay, 1752, aged ....
86. A stone, nearly illegible, to one of the same family ?
87. Anne Fox died 21 April, 1840, aged 54.
88. William Fox, lapidary in this place, died 26 Dec, 1S34, aged
50.
89. James Charles Leak died 12 Nov., 1842, aged 13.
90. Thomas Emery Leak died 7 Nov., 1S30, aged 42, leaving issue
three sons and two daughters. Also Henry Sanford Leak his son.
91. Benjamin Leak died 9 June, 1822, aged ']6.
92. Mary, wife of Benjamin Leak, died 24 Nov., 1S14, aged 6-j (?)
93. Benjamin Leak died I774-
94. Anna Rippiugal died 3 Nov., 1S34, aged 5 months. The Rev.
S. F. Rippingal, curate of Runton 18 15-6.
95. John Eldred died 31 Dec, 1828, aged 80. Elizabeth his wife
died 30 May, 181 5, aged 6Z.
96. John /f^^^died 29 June, 1829, aged 52.
97. Lumley Benjamin Bedweil, Esq., died 12 Aug., 1850, aged 37.
98. John Smith died 6 i\Iay, 1857, aged 91.
99. Mary Cutler died 22 Oct., 1841, aged 73.
100. Maria, daughter of Robert Nicholas Hamond, Esq., and
Sophia Caroline his wife, died 14 Nov., 1S44, aged 4 years and 6 months. Also her sister, Almeria Charlotte, died 21 Nov., 1844, aged 3 years and 6 months.
lOi. Margaret, wife of Commander John King, Inspecting Com- mander of Coast Guard, born 20 June, 1799, died 25 Nov., 1841.
102. Martha, first wife of John Pank, and Martha 2nd wife of do., both of whom died in child-bed — the first, Sep. 2nd, 1755, aged 33, the second, March 3rd, 1760, aged 38. John Pank died 21 April, 17S9, aged 6%. 2C
XViil. APPENDIX II.
103. Charlotte, wife of William Bloom Paj-fi^, died 27 Aug., 1846,
aged 26.
104. Elizabeth, wife of John Payne, died .... aged 40.
105. William Seaman, son of Robert and Ann Page, died 15 June,
1859, aged 4 months.
106. Thomas Saunderson died 17 Tvlay, 1793, aged 41.
107. William Hoives died 19 June, 1773, aged 65.
108. William Nelson, gent., died 17 April, 1843, aged 51.
109. John Nurss died 8 Jan., 1755, aged 37.
'• Fearwell Vain World Iv'e seen Enough of the & Careless I am What you Can say or do to me I fear no Threats from An Infernall Crew My Day is past &; I bid The World Adieu."
iio. Rose, daughter of Andrew died Feb. 22, 1743, aged
22.
111. John Mason died 5 Nov., 1 791, aged 43. Phoebe his relict
died 25 Aug., 1806, aged 56. Also their son John Howard Mason, died 27 Dec, 1796, aged 10.
112. William Mason died 5 June, 1S27, aged 44.
113. Margaret, wife of William Riches, died 26 Nov., 1724, aged 84.
114. Rebecca, wife of William Hardinghavi, died 17 May, 1845,
aged 69.
115. John Hozvard died 11 jMarch, 1830, aged Z'i. Mary his
wife
116 also John Davy Hozuard, their son, died 17 April,
1793, aged 4.
117. Thomas Claxton died 21 Dec, 1814, aged 41.
118. Joseph Scott Salmon died 15 Jan., 1848, aged 49. Robert
Claxton, his son, died i Nov., 1842, aged 18. Also 3 children who died in infancy.
119. John Forster d!\<td 7 Aug., 1819, aged 35.
120. William Harrison died 13 April, 1857, aged 20.
121. Matthew Pank* died 25 July, 1821, aged 6^.
• He was a large builder and bricklayer, and had two children, Mary and John.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD. XIX.
122. Edmund Pcde died 23 July, 1839, aged 66. Frances his wife
died 19 March, 1851, aged 79.
123. Thomas Mayes died 14 Oct., 1856, aged 6Z. 124- William Crowe died 9 June, 1827, aged 48.
125. Thomas Leak died 16 Jan., 18 10, aged 64. Elizabeth his wife
died 27 July, 181 3, aged 73.
126. John Bayfield died 10 May, 1852, aged 55. IMatthew George
Bayfield, second son of John and ^lary Ann Bayfield, who was drowned on his voyage home from China, 10 June, . 1848, aged 20.
127. George Harrison died 18 Sept., 1S57, aged 6Z years 11
months.
128. Sophia, relict of Richard Ellis, and daughter of the late
Sydney Terry, died 27 Nov., 1824, aged 51. Also two of their children: Jane died 26 Dec, 1810, aged 5, ^lary died
129. William Mynheer, husband of Ann Mynheer, died 14 Jan.,
1858, aged 45.
130. George Bell died 5 July, 1822, aged 55. James Langham
died 13 Jan., 1830, aged 60.
131. Mary Maria Terry died 22 June, 1790, ? aged 20?
132. Sidney Terry died 26 June, 1796, aged 63. Catherine
Harriett his wife
133. William Smith died 7 Aug. 1840, aged 71. Mary his wife
died 24 March, 1S53, aged -ji-
134. Mary Ann, only daughter of John and V^^xy James, of H.M.
Coastguard, Natives of St. Ives, Cornwall, died 25 Nov., 1831, aged 16.
135. Ann, daughter of William and ^fary Cazvston, died 8 Oct,
1813, aged II.
136. William Lines died 10 Nov., 1819, aged 75.
137. Robert and Mary Ann, son and daughter of Jchn and
Elizabeth IVitten (Wilten?)
138. Elizabeth, wife of Robert Smith and daughter of John
Thorman, died 13 May, 1831, aged 54. Robert Smith died 8 May, 1837, aged 62. Also Mary his wife died 20 March, i860, aged j^.
139. Kezia, wife of John Thorman, died 26 Feb., 1784, aged 32.
Also John William, died in infancy, 18 Feb., 1784.
XX. APPENDIX II.
140. John Thorman died 28 April, 1811, aged 67.
141. Andrew Watson, mounted guard of H.M. Revenue Coast
Guard Service, died 16 March, 1846, aged 42.
142. Mary iV^rzc j/t\z:/ died 4 June, 1831, aged 66.
143. Nathaniel Nczvstcad died 4 June, 1821, aged 49. ? Also Sarah
his wife, died 23 June, 1836, aged 6j.
144. William Nt'zostead di^d 3 April, 1816, aged 77. Elizabeth his
wife died 13 Sept., 1792, aged 57. Also 3 of their children who died in infancy.
145. Sewell Burton died i Alay, i860, aged 81. James Howes his
son died 11 Dec, 1833, aged 18. Elizabeth Howes his daughter died 15 Oct., 1843, aged 38.
146. Edward IViggctt died 22 April, 1844, aged 51. ]\Iar>' his
wife died 24 July, 18 19, aged 28. Also Sarah his wife died 4 July, 1835, aged 49.
147. John Lon^, husband of iNIary Ann Long; died 22 Sept., 1858,
aged 50.
148. John Middlcton died iS Nov., 1839, aged 35.
149. Gilbert ^//^/v, fisherman, died 16 Aug., 1826, aged 50. Gilbert
(his son by Elizabeth his wife) unfortunately drowned, 13 Oct, 1822, in his 20th year.
150. Elizabeth, widow of Gilbert /i//tv^, died 13 May, 1854, aged
80.
151. William, son of James and Wd^xy Davidson, d!\^d 2^ March,
1823, aged 16.
152. William Davidson, late of Northrepps, died 3 Feb., 1827,
aged 66.
153. Deborah, wife of William D avidsoji, d\cd 3 May, 1844, aged
84. 154- Phebe Carter d\zd 24 June, 1S27, aged 36.
155. John B rcese d\&d 12 Jan., 1841, aged 72.
156. Susanna ]Maria Breese died 25 Dec, 1814, aged 51.
157. Cook Wrii^/it died 2 Oct, 1796, aged 69. Elizabeth his wife
died 16 April, 1807, aged 67.
158. James Davidson died 20 June, 1844, aged 81.
159. Henry Warner, late gamekeeper to James Reed, Esq., for-
merly of Cromer Hall, died 12 Oct., 1819, aged 41.
160. William Bar>iard, son of William and Mary Barnard, of Great
EUingham, died 3 March 1827, aged 51.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CIIUIICIIYARD. XXL
161. Mary Ann, daughter of Francis and Mary Lon^, died 5 I\Iay,
1/99) aged S. ?
162. Thomas, son of John and EHzabcth Middlcton, died 26 Aug., '
1806, aged 21.
163. Mary Rook, wife of James Rook, died 1769.
164. John Davidson, faithful and valuable scr\'ant of George
Wyndham, Esq., died i April, i;8S, aged 31.
165. Ann Nickols died 14 Aug., 1825, aged 84.
166. William Brccse died 2 May i860, aged 66.
167. John Storey died i Feb., 1839, aged 55. Sarah his wife died
6 June, 1852, aged 69. Also 4 of their children. Hannah died II Oct., 1822, aged 12. Sarah Ann, Mary Ann, and Amy, died in their infancy.
168. James, son of John and Elizabeth Storey, died 1806.
169. John Brooks died 9 May, 1841, aged 36.
170. John George, son of John and r>Iary Brooks, died 18 Nov.,
1833, aged 7.
171. William Jacob died 24 April, 1821, aged 75. Susanna h:s
wife died 24 April, 1823, aged 77. Three of their children.
William died 28 Feb., 1820, aged 48. Philip died
1785, aged II. Thomas died i March, 1823, aged 17. (?)
172. Robert Porter died 4 Jan., 1825, aged 50. .Martha his wife
died 13 April, 1858, aged 73.
173. Sabina Simons died 25 Feb., 1856, aged 52. Erected by her
Sunday School children. " 174. Samuel Simons, builder, died 23 July, 1S30, aged 73.
175. Caroline :\Iaria Nickols died 21 April, 1808, aged So.
176. Robert, only son of Robert and Ann Press, formerly of
Aylmerton, died 18 March, 1826, aged 25.
177. Robert Press, formerly of Aylmerton, died 24 Jan., 1837, aged
63, and Ann his wife died 2 Feb., 1835, aged 63.
178. Hannah, eldest daughter of Robert and Ann Press, died 17
March, 1849, aged 50.
179. Edmund Szvan died 24 May, 1S05, aged 75. IMartha his wife
died 4 Sept., 1809, aged 81.
180. Mary, wife of Francis Allard, died 7 April, 1812, aged 29.
181. Maiy Ann Cawston Loose, granddaughter of Nicholas
Cawston, of London, formerly of this parish, died 15 Aug., 1855, aged 3 years and 3 months.
XXll. APPENDIX II.
183. Thomas and Christian Szvan. Christian died 12 Jan., i8or, aged 70, and Thomas died 15 Feb., 1805, aged 73.
183. Elizabeth Critoph, daughter of Henry and Mary Swan, died
2 Feb., 1806, aged 28. Also Sarah Szuan died 31 Jan., 1819.
184. Henry Sn^an died Oct., 1796. INIary his wife died 6 April,
1804?
185. Edmund Szcau, fisherman, unfortunately lost at sea, 6 May,
1805, aged 31,
186. Catherine, wife of Edmund Szvan, died 10 Nov., 1844, aged
68.
187. Mary Warner died 18 Oct., 1848, aged 6S.
188. William Webb died 6 Feb., 1839, aged 60.
189. Sandford Smith, son of Henry and Margaret Sandford, died
29 Jan., 1820, aged
190. Robert Plumer, son of Henry and Margaret Sandford, died
191. Elizabeth, relict of Plumer Sandford, died 13 Oct., 1820, aged
81.
192. Henry Sandford, merchant, died 2 Aug., 1829, aged 63.
Margaret his wife died 2^ Dec, 1S21, aged 46. Anna their youngest daughter.
193. Mar>' Watson, wife of Henry 6"^//^^r^, died 20 Dec, 1840,
aged 41 ?
194. John Cntler died 11 Oct., 1793, aged jZ.
195. i\Iary wife of John Cutler, died 11 May 1804, aged 70.
196. Amey, wife of John Pye, (?) died i Oct, 1726.
In 186 . . there was a broken slab in the Churchyard in- scribed thus —
Here Lyeth y« Body of
BR Pye son of John
. . . e & Anne his wife . . o Dyed .... ye 27
197. Thomas Webb died 20 March, 1835, aged 52, also Annette
his wife.
198. George Bennett, son of Thomas and Ann Webb, died 9 May
1844, aged 22.
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD. xxiii.
199. Robert Wcdd died 2 July 1804. Rosamond died
28 Dec, 1 8 II, aged 6S.
200. William Collison died 2^ Sept., 18 14, aged 39.
201. Elizabeth Collison died 11 Feb., 1849, aged 34.
202. Selina Sitnoiis, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Simons,
died 15 Dec, 1827, aged 21. Hannah Annetta, daughter of Sandford and Hannah Simons, died 23 June, 1S50, aged 9 months.
203. Mary Soame, wife of Thomas Cook Collison, died 30 Dec,
1829, aged 28.
204. Henrick Hauiann, Captain of the brig Juno, of and from
Memel, stranded 9 May, on Cromer beach, died 14 Oct., 1845, aged 45.
205. James Ostler, beloved and only son of Isaacks and Sarah
Fisher, died 2 April, 1859, aged 6 years and 6 months.
206. Mary wife of John Kettles, died 3 May, 1804?
207. Isaac Anthony, son of Lewis and Jane Alsop,6\z6. 11 -May,
1826, aged 25. Lewis Alsop died 30 May, 1823, aged 51,
208. Charles Stewart ^^^r/t' died Dec. 18.
Martha Earle died 31 Feb., 1821, aged 16. Richard Earle died 20 May 1824, aged 21. Elizabeth Earle, born 28 Sept., 1771, died 8 Sept., 1840.
209. (Obelisk.) Sacred to the memory of John Henr>' Earle,
surgeon, born Feb, 26, 1809, died Dec. 11, 1868. This monument is erected by the- members and friends of the Loyal Baring Lodge of Odd Fellows, M.U., as a testimony of their sincere respect.
210. Mrs. Mary Ann Parkes, late of North Terrace, Camberwell,
died at Cromer 24 April, 1853, aged 48. Beloved and only daughter of the late William Rust, Esq., and Dorothy his wife, formerly of Aldermanbury and Kennington.
211.* Jane Rnst died 23 Nov., 1S56, aged 59.
2I2.-|- Sarah, wife of John Atchcson, died 6 July, 1823, aged 62. John Atcheson died 9 July, 1S30, aged 'j6.
* In north-east chapel ruins. t In chancel ruins.
Xxiv. APPENDIX III.
S^bc IJiivblj Jlcglstcrs, tit.
Unhappily all the early Registers are lost, the first which have been preser\'ed commencing in 16S9.
The first baptism entered is that of one of my own family :* *' 1689 — Margaret Rye, daughter of Williu Rye, and Mary his wife, baptised Septcmb"" y= i^';" and curiously enough the first marriage on the register is also that of one of my family: " 1696 — May y« 26''' Richard Harmer and Elizabeth Ry both of Cromer.''
The first entry of burial is on the 4th April, 1689.
From the above dates respectively the entries run consecutively to the present time without any break.
The entries chiefly relate to families of the names of Ditchell, Smith, Windham and Wyndham, Harmer, Partridge, Cubit, Sand- ford, Learner, Rye, Swan, Ransome, Har\-ey, and Miller. All the church registers are kept at the vicarage, but not in a fire-proof receptacle.
The Town or Parish Account Books, containing the names of the parishioners rated and an account of the expenditure of the rates, commence 31st r^Iarch, 1766, and are kept in the Church Chest.
* My ancestors setiled here nearly three hundred years ago, and were long yeomen of this parish, which they left comparatively recently.
THE SUBSIDY ROLLS.
XXV.
|
4. ^ |
A^t mx |
bsibn ^iclls* |
|
|
Vi |
LLATA DE |
SHIPDEX. |
|
|
1st Edward I |
H. |
6th Edward HI |
. |
|
D.Clem'te Her\-'y |
1 VS. ! |
DJoh'no Waryn . |
\]s. v]d |
|
Rob'to de Eggem'e |
ij. ! |
Thorn' Draper . |
\]s. \]d. |
|
Ric'o Lomb |
xijv. ! |
Alano Reymu'd |
\]s. \]d. |
|
Will'mo Leman |
xijW. |
Nich'o Munk . |
Kd |
|
Nich's Hermcr |
xijW. |
Cristia IMosse . |
\-V\]d. |
|
Walt'o Catclyne |
xviijc/. |
Barth' Grime |
\\\]d. |
|
Ric'o Bataillie |
xij^. |
Joh'ne Told [Todd?] |
y.\]d. |
|
Joh'ne W'aryn |
• ij-^- ij^^- |
Joh'ne Colman |
xij./. |
|
Thoma le Draper |
ijW. |
Rob'to Mosse . |
\]S. v]d |
|
Crist' IMosse |
xij^. |
Nich'o fil' Barthi . |
xxd. |
|
Rob'to Mosse . |
xijV, |
Will'mo Smyth |
ijd |
|
Barth'o Gnimme |
ijW. |
Rob'to Le Tvloyne . |
•s.vd. |
|
Marti no filio Levevc |
2 KKd. |
Will's Rust . |
viij^. |
|
Ric'o le Monye |
Kl}d. |
Alano fil' Galfr' |
vjj-. |
|
Barth'o Carpcnt' |
Kljd |
Isabell Tebald |
iijV. |
|
Will'mo Fabro' |
ijd. |
Joh'no Allot (?) |
K\]d. |
|
Joh'ne Sirik |
y'ljd. |
Ida Atlcbur' . |
viijW. |
|
Rob'to le Monie |
. xijV. |
Will's Maran (?) |
\}S. |
|
Alano filio Galfri |
iij<:/. |
Ric'o Le ?.Ionye |
\-njd. |
|
Isabell Tcbald . |
. ij-r. \]d. |
Will'o Passheleu |
Kd |
|
Alic' Herbert . |
xijV. |
Stcph'o le Clerk |
xxd. |
|
Alano Lemonie |
. xiiij,/. |
Clem'to H'vy . |
iljs. |
|
Hug' le Clerk . |
xviijV/. |
Rob'to de Egcmere . |
iijs. |
|
Isabell Passeleu |
xviijV. |
Ric'o Lorn |
viijd. |
|
Laur' Howard . |
x^. |
Will's Leman . |
V]s. |
|
Rad'o Lomb . |
v]d. |
Ric'o Wataille [Bataillc] xviij\/. |
|
|
^ ,\ Rob'to Plerbcrt ^^ i Will'o Bcrdles |
xijV. |
Walt'o Ratine . |
iji-. |
|
. xijW. |
Hug' fil' Hug' . |
ix<^. |
|
|
Thorn' H'vy |
xij^. |
||
|
Hug' Ic Clark . |
xij^. |
APPENDIX IV.
CROWMER. 14th Henry VIII.
Thomas Roby's in goods Wylliam Arnold in goods Roger Bradfeld in goods John Blofeld in goods Richard Blofeld in goods Thomas Brcsc in goods John Smylh in goods . Richard Crowde* in goods Thomas Cator in moveables Richard Cloyte in moveables William Colbecke in moveables Henry Heyles in moveables Jeffrey ]\Iendham in goods John Mangilles in moveables Rob'te Palm' in goods . John Fenne in moveables Richard Colting in moveables Water Glov' in moveables Richard Rent (Rant ?) in goodes John Woodcroft in moveables Thomas Toly in goods Thomas Welwyk in goods George Barton in goods Robert Archer in goods John Goodred in goods Thomas Warn' in goods Richard Wild in goods Peter Skot in goods Henry Amys in goods . John Sadeler in goods . Willm Robyns in moveables John Dauncc in goods John Blomfcld in goods John Hickson in moveables John Taunte in moveables
|
xxx/i. iiij |
//. |
|
xij//. |
vjs. |
|
xxx//. |
xxxs. |
|
1//. |
\s. |
|
xxx//. |
xxxs. |
|
xxx//. |
xxxs. |
|
xx//. |
xxs. |
|
xx//, |
xxs. |
|
xiijYz. vjj-. viiji/. \-js. v'yf. |
|
|
xli. |
XS. Vi/. |
|
xlL |
xs. \'d. |
|
vlL |
\]5. V]d. |
|
Kx/i. |
xxs. |
|
xvii. xvs. |
viji-. vj^. |
|
xx//. |
xxs. |
|
vijY/. |
v]s. \\]d. |
|
viij//. |
viij J. \\\]d. |
|
viijV/. |
viij J. iiij^. |
|
viij//. |
viiji". \\\\d. |
|
x//. |
v]d. |
|
viij//. |
Xx]s. v]d |
|
viijV/. |
viiji". \\\]d. |
|
iij//l |
xviij<^. |
|
iij//^ |
xviij^. |
|
x//. vs. |
\]s. vjd |
|
Kls. |
xijd. |
|
vj//. |
v]s. iijd. |
|
iij//* |
xvnjd. |
|
iij//. |
xviijd. |
|
iij//: |
xviijd. |
|
iiij'//. |
\\d. |
|
iiijV/. |
\]d. |
|
iij//. |
xv\\]d. |
|
viij//. |
iiijc/. |
|
vs. |
ij.f. vj^. |
* This may be Crowdere.
THE SUBSIDY ROLLS.
John Mannyngham in moveables
John Monson in moveables
Richard Noris in moveables
Johan Gilbert in profitc for wages
John Conyby in goods .
Thomas Raynolds in moveables
John Bcry in moveables
Robert Wace in moveables
Roger Symmys in lande
Robert Perrot in moveables
Thomas Berker in moveables .
Willm Manne in wages
Willm Barker in moveables
Thomas Crowe in wages
John Tubber in moveables
Edmond Duglas in moveables .
John Brese in moveables
Thomas Burwell in moveables .
John Barker in moveables
Robert Fysheman in moveables
John Fysshe in moveables
Robert Wyskyn in profite in wages
Hugh Cragge in wages
James Mason in profile for wages
Thomas Byrd in moveables
John Bryght in moveables
Rychard Strong in lande
Edmund Hyxe in moveables .
Thomas Bettes in lande
Symond Edes in moveables
Robert Glov' in profite for wages
Adham Hutchesson in profite for wages
John Mustroytt in moveables .
John Blowfelde the yonger in moveables
John Browne in moveables
Symond Pullam in lande
Wyllm Awden in lande
Agnes Multon the elder in lande
Cysle Toyle in moveables
|
iiij//. |
iiijj. ij^. |
|
iij//. |
xviij^T'. |
|
vj//. |
vjj-. iij^. |
|
xl//. |
xij<^. |
|
viij//. |
viiji-. iiij^. |
|
vli. |
vijj. v]d. |
|
iij//. |
xviij^. |
|
\\]li. |
xvujd. |
|
. xxs. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijc/. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
iij//. |
xviijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
iij//. |
xviijd. |
|
iiij//. |
ijs. |
|
. xk |
xijd. |
|
. xk |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xijd. |
|
iij//. |
xviijd. |
|
. XXJ. |
xijd. |
|
iij//. |
xviijd. |
|
. XXJ. |
xijd. |
|
. xk. |
xiji/. |
|
. xk. |
xijV. |
|
2S . xk. |
|
|
. xk. |
|
|
es . xk. |
|
|
. xk. |
|
|
. XXJ. |
|
|
. XXJ. |
|
|
vij//. xs. |
|
|
. xk. |
APPENDIX IV,
Agnes Multon the yonder in wages
Amos Baxter in moveables
Johan Fychctt in moveables
Margaret Bunne in moveables .
Betrice Rice in profitc Br wages
Margaret Cokkcs in wages
Johan Browne in landc
John Comforte in moveables
Johanne Comfort in moveables
Margaret Comfiort in moveables
Geffrey Barber in wages
Wyllm Foster in pronte for wages
Mychell Dey in profite for wages
Thomas Awdey in profite for wages
John Blomffeld the yonger in wages
John Huntt' in wages .
Robert Browne in wages
Wyllm ^larchall in wages
Wyllm Rys}-ing in profite for wages
Robert Ingham in wages
Wylliam Rowlond in v/ages
Robert Camond in wages
Roger Buk in wages
Roger Buk in wages
John Byrd in profite for wages
Edmund Gylbcrt in wages
Nicholas Newman in wages
John Blomeffcld in wages
John Vyston in v.agcs .
John Williamson in wages
John Lawson in profite for wages
Wyllm Mansfcid for wages
Thomas Batman in wages
Thomas Lees i'.i wages .
John Hy ... son (?) in wages .
Clement in wages
Robert Duglas in wages Thomas Herrygatc in wages John Phillipis in wages
x\s.
x\s. xU
XXJ-.
THE SUBSIDY ROLLS.
XXIX.
Rychard Langic in wages Rychard Wcthcrby in wages . Thomas Burnand in wages X'pofcr Howet in wages Thomas Forrett in wages Wylhn Baxster in wages John Frees in wages Robert Reve in wages . John Preter in wages John Smyth, shoemaker, in wages John Towtying in wages VVyllm Burton in wages Wyllm Ruddam in wages Herry Long in wages . John Sengleton in wages Thomas Skynner in wages Thomas Hare in wages . VVyllm Haybot in wages Wyllm Holtying in wages Adryan, s'vaunt of Wyll'm Colbek, in wages Herry Jakson in wages Wylliam Greve in wages Henry Flemyng, alien, in wages Symond Rowlond in wages .Peter Parant in wages . John Ciasshe, alien, in wages . Ric. Bylle in wages Wyllm Corser in wages Henry Perman in wages Wyllm Bert}'lmew in wages Henry, s'vaunt of Eduard Subbold, in
[alien] Robert Archer in wages Edmond Archer in wages Henry Hurry in wages
Sum
|
XXJ". |
|
|
XX J. |
|
|
XXJ-. |
|
|
XXJ. |
|
|
XX J. |
|
|
xxi-. |
|
|
XX J-. |
|
|
XX J. |
|
|
XXJ. |
|
|
XKS. |
|
|
XX jr. |
|
|
XXi". |
|
|
KXS. |
|
|
•KXS. |
|
|
xxs. |
|
|
xxi-. |
|
|
XXJ-. |
|
|
XXJ-. |
iiijV. |
|
XX J-. |
viijrt'. |
|
xxs. |
viijV. |
|
xxs. |
m]d. |
|
xxs. |
viijV. |
|
xxs. |
iiijV. |
|
xxs. |
iiijV. |
|
xxs. |
iiij^/. |
|
xxs. |
iiijV. |
|
xxs. |
viijV. |
|
xxs. |
iiijV. |
|
xxs. |
iujd |
|
xxs. |
iiijV. |
xxiiij//, xijj. ijW.
APPENDIX IV.
SUBSIDY ROLL, 37x11 HENRY VIIL
John Knyght, Edmond Wyndham, knight, John Willoughby, Commissioners.
knight, James Bullcyn,
|
CROWMER. |
||||
|
Will'm Arnold, gent. .... xxxj". |
||||
|
Richard Blowfeld for goods |
iiij//. |
|||
|
John Blowfeld for goods |
Ixvjj. vn]d. |
|||
|
John 'Comefort for goods |
xlvj. |
|||
|
Will'm Colbecke for goods |
xlj. |
|||
|
Rob't Blowfeld for goods |
xxvjj. viijV. |
|||
|
... Spilman for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Richard C for goods |
XVji". |
|||
|
Richard S for goods |
xxvjj. viijW. |
|||
|
Will'm S for goods |
xvs. |
|||
|
Richard Wyld for goods |
XVJ-. |
|||
|
Rob't Ransome for goods |
XV.f. |
|||
|
John Payne for goods |
xijj-. |
|||
|
Will'm Jonson for goods |
xiji". |
|||
|
Edmund Suffeld for goods |
xijj. |
|||
|
Will'm Ga. . . . for goods |
xijj. |
|||
|
John Davye for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Nicholas Hynde for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Will'm Mangles for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Will'm Pawter for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Thomas Akwes for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Rob't Clarke for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Margaret Brese for goods |
KS. |
|||
|
Clement Fyshman for goods |
VS. iiijV. |
|||
|
John Venysher for goods . |
iiij^. |
|||
|
Catheryn iMendham for goods |
iiijV. |
|||
|
Richard Benct (?) for goods |
iijj. iiijV/. |
|||
|
Rob't Bresse for goods |
iijj. iiijV. |
|||
|
Rob't Mant for |
vjs. |
|||
|
R ... Robbyns for landes |
IKS. |
|||
|
Richard Fenne for landes . |
viijj. |
|||
|
Rychard Crowde (Crowdere ?) for landes . |
iiijj. |
|||
|
Sum |
. xxix//. xvijV. |
THE SUBSIDY ROLLS. XKXl.
SUBSIDY ROLL, 37T11 HENRY VIIL Uh
This certificate indented made the xxv day of Aprill in the first year of the reign of our sovcraign lord Edward the Syxthe by ye grace of God kinge of England, France and Irlande, defender of the faythe and in the Erthe of the churchc of England and of Irlande the supreme head, &c., ... Hcydon knyght James Boleyn knyght John Wylloughby knyght Xtophcr Heydon esquier Rychard Heydon esquier and Gregory Davy gcntylman Commis- sioners dyvided & allotted within the hundreds of North Erpingham South Erpingliam Eynesford and Holte in the county of Xorfoik to and for the taxation and leveing of the second & last payment of the entire subsidye grantyd by acte of parlaimcnt to the late king of famous memory Henry the VHIth in the xxxvij yeare of his most noble reign and nowe payable to our said most soveraign lord king Edward the Sixth and taxed &: assessed by the said commissioners according to the said acte, &c., &c.
Wyllm Bulwer of Wooddalling in the said county of Xorff. gentleman Collector appoynted to &: for the leveing S: gathering of the forsaid subsidie.
CROMER,
Will'm Arnold, gent., for lande Thomas Robyns for lande Rychard Blofyld for goods John Spylman for goods John Blofyld for goods Will'm Colbek for goods Rob't Blofyld for goods John Comfort for goods Rychard Cloytte for goods Will'm Godderd for goods Rychard Wylde for goods Rychard Sarrse for goods Richard F...., jun., for lande Nycholas Hynde for goods . Rob't Marge (Marse or Marnye ?) Edmond Suffeld for goods . Rob't ...son for goods
XXXJ. KS.
iiijV/.
xvjj. viiji/.
Ixvjj. viijV.
xxxiijj. iiijV.
xxvjj-. vnjd.
k\s.
XVJJ.
xijj. xvs.
XVi".
vu']s.
xs.
yjs.
xs. xvs.
APPENDIX IV.
|
John Payne for goods |
xijj. |
||
|
Will'm Johnson for goods . |
xs. |
||
|
John Davye for goods |
|
||
|
Richard Crowdc for lande . |
ij... |
||
|
Clement Fysman for goods . |
vs. iujd. |
||
|
Will'm Prater (?; for goods . |
xs. |
||
|
John Feny for lande |
iiijj. |
||
|
Henry for goods |
VJ-. iiij<^. |
||
|
Margaret for goods |
xiji". |
||
|
Will'm |
xs. |
||
|
Adam Hutcheson |
iijs. iU]d. |
||
|
Rob't Brest (Brese ?) for goods |
iijs. iiijV. |
||
|
Richard Bond (?) for goods . |
iiiji-. |
||
|
Sum |
. xxviijV/. XVJ-. \Ujcf. |
||
|
Cromer. 5th Edward VI. |
|||
|
Richard Blofyld ... . Ixj. . |
|||
|
John Spylman |
\xs. |
||
|
John Blofylde |
Is. |
||
|
Will'm Colbek |
xxxs. |
||
|
Robert Blofylde |
xxs. |
||
|
John Comforte |
Is. |
||
|
Richard Cloyte |
xxs. |
||
|
Will'm Goddarde |
xs. |
||
|
Richard Wyldc |
xvs. |
||
|
Richard Sarse |
xvs. |
||
|
Nycholas Hynde |
xs. |
||
|
Edmond Suffeld |
xs. |
||
|
Cicely Rawnsome |
xvs. |
||
|
John Payn |
xiiji". |
||
|
Will'm Johnson |
X\)S. |
||
|
John Davye . |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Prate |
xs. |
||
|
Margaret Brccse |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Gadclcr (?) . |
xs. |
||
|
Symond Comforte |
xs. |
||
|
Thomas Magnus |
xs. |
|
THE SUBSID\ |
' ROLLS. |
xxxni. |
|
|
Richard Bcnnct |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Magnus |
xs. |
||
|
Thomas Dcyncs |
xs. |
||
|
Strangers thcr — |
|||
|
John Bastyan |
viVjd, |
||
|
Andrew Lambe |
viijV. |
||
|
Sum . |
xxiiij/z. xvj(3^. |
||
|
Cromer. Sth Edward VI. |
|||
|
Will'm Arnold, gent. |
XXJ. |
||
|
Cecilia Blofcld, wid. . |
Is. |
||
|
Johanna Spilman, wid. |
xLr. |
||
|
John Blofeld . |
\s. |
||
|
Will'm Colbek |
KXXVS. |
||
|
Rob'tus Blofeld |
XXS. |
||
|
John Comfort |
u |
||
|
Ric'us Cloyte |
XXS. |
||
|
Will'm Goddard |
xs. |
||
|
Ric'us Wild . |
xvs. |
||
|
... Surr |
xvs. |
||
|
Cecilia Rannsome |
xs. |
||
|
John Payne . |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Johnson |
xs. |
||
|
John Davy . |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Prater |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Sadler |
xvs. |
||
|
Thomas Magnus |
xs. |
||
|
Ric'us Benet . |
xs. |
||
|
Will'm Magnus |
xs. |
||
|
Thomas Dcnnys |
xs. |
||
|
Alien — |
|||
|
John Bastyan |
viijV. |
||
|
Andrew Lambe |
viijV. |
||
|
. . . Godfrey, s'viens, Jo. ... foret |
viij^. |
||
|
[Part gone.] |
|||
|
John the Dane |
viijV. |
||
|
Swaync the Dane, serviens [illeg.] |
viijW. |
||
|
S |
um . |
xxj/;. xiijj. iiij^. |
2E
|
xxxiv. APPENDIX I\ |
||
|
Cromer. 39th Elizabeth. Landes. |
||
|
Emanuell Caliard, gt^nt. . • vij//. |
xxviij.y. |
|
|
Thomas Baxter, gent. |
vli. |
XXJ. |
|
John Blowfcld |
xb. |
viij.f. |
|
Will'm Rie ... |
XXXJ. |
V]S. |
|
John Cooper . . |
xb. |
viiji". |
|
Edmunde Empson |
XXJ. |
iiijj-. |
|
Will'm Richardson |
XX J. |
iiijj-. |
|
Roberto Dayncs |
XX J. |
iiijj. |
|
Nicholas Bacon |
XXJ-. |
iiiji". |
|
Robert Springold, sen. |
XXJ. |
iiijj. |
|
Roberto Smythe . |
xx.r. |
iiijj". |
|
Goods. |
||
|
Margrett Benet, wid. . . iij//. |
viijj. |
|
|
Will'm Andrewes |
iij//. |
viijj. |
|
Richard Benet, jun. |
iij/z. |
viiji-. |
|
John Springold |
U]IL |
viijj. |
|
Xpofer Ward |
iijV/. |
viijj-. |
|
Thomas Sadler |
iijV/. |
viiji". |
|
Edward IMarriner (?) |
\V]li. |
viijj. |
|
Richard Evered |
\\]li. |
viijj. |
|
Thomas Harmer . |
iij//. |
viijj. |
|
Davy Cornwall, al., per poll. |
\n]d. |
|
|
Sum h' ville . viij//. viijj-. viij^. |
||
|
Cromer. i8th Jame.s I. Landes. |
||
|
Margor>'e Callarde, widdowe . xIj. |
viijj. |
|
|
Thomas Baxter, gent. |
xk. |
viijj-. |
|
Thomas Husbonde, gent. . |
xb. |
viijj. |
|
John Spilman |
xb. |
viijj. |
|
Edmond Dennys . |
XXJ. |
iiijj. |
|
Rychard Everyd . . . xxj. |
iiijj. |
|
|
Sum . xb |
THE SUBSIDY ROLLS.
XXXV.
Cromer. 4th Charles I. Landes, James Underwood, gent. . Thomas Baxter, junr., gent John Spillman Edmond Dennys .
|
iiijV/. |
xvjj-. |
|
iij/;' |
Xlji". |
|
Xlj. |
vn}S. |
|
XXJ. |
liijj". |
In Cromer. 14th Charles II.
Clement Mangles . . 4
The said S' George Windham 12 o
John Miller ... 5
o payd and acquitted, o payd and acquitted. O payd and acquitted.
Cromer, v//. xij J. 15 th Charles II.
Dame Frances Windham & the son & heire of S'' George Wind- ham, k*, late deC^.
Thomas Baxter, gent
ix/z.
iijV/. xiji-. xIj.
APPENDIX IV.
CROMER. 24th Charles II. Hearth Tax Roll.
|
Tho. Baxter |
Wid. Walker . |
I |
|
|
H^° Todd |
Pye and Bond |
2 |
|
|
Robt. iMorris . |
I |
Woolsy and Pert |
2 |
|
Robt. Payne . |
Ray and Allyn |
2 |
|
|
I>^ich |
I |
Dy. Dcbcrson Wid. Dabny . |
{ |
|
Jn°Waldy(?) . |
I |
||
|
... B...ont |
2 |
Eliz. Goodluck |
I |
|
Jn" Rivet (?) . |
Eale and Plattyn |
2 |
|
|
\Vm. Bennet . |
Plattin (?) and Bayne . |
2 |
|
|
Jn° Payne |
Robt Hurst . |
I |
|
|
Wm. Ashmoore |
5 |
Lane. Connall, ju. |
I |
|
A vacant |
2 |
Eliz. Durrant . |
I |
|
Tho. Dawson . |
2 |
Jn^ Plattin |
I |
|
Wm. iMorden . |
4 |
Wm. Whypp . |
I |
|
Rich. Bennett . |
• 5 |
Jn° Webster . |
|
|
Jn"* Robinson . |
I |
Wid. ...erson . |
|
|
Edw. Rey [Rye] |
3 |
Kinge & Morris |
|
|
Rich. Basham . |
. 2 |
Lawn B .er |
|
|
Jno Miller |
• 3 |
Sym. Risburge |
|
|
Tho. Hipp |
I |
Rye& |
|
|
Rich. Lemon . |
. 2 |
[Many here illegible.] |
|
|
Tho. Abbs . |
. 4 |
Wid. Matlask . |
|
|
Sase and Webster |
. 2 |
Edm. George . |
|
|
'Wm. Cooke |
• 3 |
Rich. Overton . |
|
|
X" Payne |
2 |
Jn° Weldyn . |
|
|
Hen. Staplcton |
. 2 |
Wid. Dixon . |
|
|
Robt Goslyn . |
• 5 |
Wid. Moanes . |
|
|
Nat. Woodcroffe |
I |
Mar>* Beare |
|
|
Robt Goldsmith |
. 2 |
Wid. Atkinson |
|
|
Wm. Richardson |
• 3 |
Tho. Caston . Wid. Howe . |
|
|
Persons dischargee |
1/9 |
Eliz. Floydcn . |
|
|
— |
Roger R}'e |
||
|
Tho. Carver |
I |
Wid. Acres (?) |
|
|
Lane. Cunnall . |
I |
Wid. Holland . |
|
|
Payne and Holland |
. 2 |
Tho. Cannell . |
|
|
Woolsy and Swann |
. 2 |
|
|
|
Wid. Jeckcs . |
I |
^l |
THE POLL BOOKS.
5. ^t loll !i]0ohs.
1714. CROMER.
Bennct Rich'^, ju. Carter Vincent Copeland Riclid. Frary John Fox Robert Goat John Hutchinson Clement Kirby John Miller John Pank Francis
Pank Matthew Rivet Wm. Rye James Sadler Thos. Sillis Robert Smith Nathl.
~1
i A// voted for Sir James Astley cv Thos.
\de Grey — Sir Ralph Hare and Erasmus Earle not gettijig a vote.
1734. CROMER.
Allen Robt. Bennett Richd. Bulwer Jas. Chaplin Fras. Collins Peter Cook John Cook John Copland Richd. Fox Robt Frarey John Robt. „ Nichs. Hackerson Thos. Haskins John Hurst John Kett Robt. (rcsid.
Kirby John '^
„ Samuel Miller John Pain Richd. Paul Thos. Ransome Hy.
Robert Riches Wm. Rooke John Smith Richd. Suffell John Webb Robt Willemot Jas. Wyndham Eras.
I All but N'chs. I Frarey, who voted for y Bacon &• Wodehouse, I voted for Coke and R For den.
Hingham)
|
xxxvm. |
APPENDIX V. |
||
|
1768. CROMER. |
|||
|
Carter John |
Cromer |
Astley and Coke |
|
|
Cutlove John |
,, |
de Grey |
and Coke |
|
Everard Richd |
Gimmingh |
am Astley and Coke |
|
|
Hook Phihp |
)» |
„ |
|
|
Kirby J as. |
,, |
„ |
|
|
Leake Benjn. |
Cromer |
Wodehouse and de Grey |
|
|
Lownd John |
,, |
Astley and Coke |
|
|
Elumley Robt. |
., |
»> |
|
|
Ransome \Vm |
,. |
>» |
|
|
Riches Jas. |
„ |
,, |
|
|
Swan Hy. |
•I |
de Grey |
and Coke |
|
Williment John |
de Grey |
and Astley |
|
|
1802. CROMER. |
|||
|
Coke Astley Wcxlehouse |
|||
|
Bailey Wm. |
haberdasher |
Nonvich |
I |
|
Chesnutt Kirby |
gardener |
Edgefield |
I I |
|
Curtis Jas. |
blacksmith |
Cromer |
I I |
|
Emery Jas. |
farmer |
Fakenham |
I I |
|
Grice Phihp H. |
fishmonger |
Weybourne |
|
|
Hicks John |
gent. |
Cromer |
I I |
|
Howard John |
King's officer |
„ |
|
|
Leake Benjn. |
shoemaker |
„ |
|
|
Micklcburgh Thos. |
merchant |
„ |
I I |
|
Miller Wm. |
farmer |
Antingham |
|
|
Pearson Francis |
tailor |
Cromer |
|
|
Quinsay Eras. |
shoemaker |
„ |
|
|
Ransome Wm. |
mariner |
„ |
|
|
„ Hy. |
>» |
,, |
|
|
Rust Benjn. |
draper |
||
|
Sexton Allen |
fishmonger |
., |
I I |
|
Simons Saml. |
carpenter |
„ |
I I |
|
Windham G. |
esq. |
j» |
I I |
|
Wright Saml. |
farmer |
Overstrand |
I I |
THE POLL BOOKS.
1806
|
J. CROMER. |
|
|
Curtis Jas. |
blacksmith |
|
Custancc W'm. |
mariner |
|
Jarvis \Vm. |
mariner |
|
Leake Bcnjn. |
shoemaker |
|
Neale Jonathan |
cordwainer |
|
Peele Edmd. |
tailor |
|
Pearson Fras., sen |
draper |
|
Ransome Shermar |
1 mariner |
|
» Hy. |
)> |
|
Rust Benjn. |
draper |
|
Sanford Hy. |
merchant |
|
Sexton Allen |
fisherman |
|
Smith \Vm. |
carpenter |
|
Tucker Wm. Cools |
: publican |
|
Turner Saml. |
miller |
|
Wardlaw Hy. |
yeoman |
|
Webb Robt. |
carpenter |
|
Wyndham Geo. |
esquire |
|
Witting Geo. |
innkeeper (Gresham) |
Windham Coke WoUchouse
xl.
APPENDIX VI.
6. Ch Ibtc kx 1767,
CROMER, APRIL 24'^ 1767.
A Rate made by Antho : Ditchell and Tho^ Emery Overseers with the Consent of the Inhabitants of the said Parish to Collect money for the Relief of the Poor at Four Shillin.f^s on the Pound.
|
£ |
s. |
,i. |
|
|
M« Windham . . . |
3 |
12 |
|
|
For the Tythcs . |
3 |
4 |
|
|
For 2/3 of the Vicarage |
I |
6 |
8 |
|
M*- Wormly Tvlartin 1/3 of the Vicarage |
13 |
4 |
|
|
Rr EdW^ Brooks for Alillers late Saces |
4 |
||
|
For late Millers . |
5 |
||
|
For Plattons |
6 |
||
|
For late Todds . |
3 |
||
|
For late Frary's house |
4 |
||
|
For Bulls Land . |
I |
4 |
|
|
For late Marshalls |
17 |
||
|
For 1/3 of Carters |
I |
4 |
|
|
For Overstrand Town Close |
6 |
||
|
For Bells |
I |
||
|
Anth^ Ditchell for Smiths . |
9 |
4 |
|
|
For the INIill close |
3 |
||
|
For Sir W- Harbords |
4 |
||
|
For late Elders . |
3 |
||
|
For M" Windhams late in Frary's use |
6 |
||
|
Fra'' Pearson late Bennetts |
4 |
||
|
Tho^ Emery for M« Windhams |
12 |
7 |
2 |
|
For Coplands |
18 |
||
|
For Smiths |
I |
8 |
|
|
More for ^.I" Windhams . |
I |
8 |
THE RATE FOR 1 767.
Xli.
For land formerly belonging to the \V Horse
M"" Fish late Woodrows
More late Woodrows
Rob* Plumbly late Whalls
For rent of Howards Hill .
For the Royall Oak
W"* Cozens for Bullwers
For the School close
For Rent of Butt land
For Frary's Land
Sherman Cutler for the Red Lyon
W"^ Skinner for Rivets
For Smiths and land in Cromer
Phillip Hook for Bennetts .
More for his House
VV"^ Ransom for the Ship .
Jiio Willamans late Smith .
For Cooks land .
More for Dybolls
More for M'^ Windhams
Jno Lownd for Bulls
Henry Swan for millers
Ja* Flaxman 18 acres
Ja' Kirby for Ryes
For late Lownds for ]Malthouse
For late Lownds House
Ja^ Riches late Kirbys
Jno Carter 2/3 of a Pound
Cook Wright for ^Mountains
Phillip Terry late Jiio Goates
Isaac Alsop for the Kings Arms
Jno Cutler late Church's
Rob* Smith
Jno Rook
Rob' Rook
Ben. Leak
Jo* Masons
Late Hannah Harveys late Smiths
2 II 7
4 8 9 14 4
1 4 2
6
4
8 o 6
2
8 4 3
2
3 8
2 8 8
8 2 2
4 2 8
5 4 9 4 2 8
I 4
4
4
4
2
2D
:Iii. APPENDIX VI.
Bart Sales late Atchcsons . Rob' Rook for late Whalls .
By the Rate . Town Stock .
Rate & Stock The disbursements
Remain Stoclc Rec^ for Ann Stea:Tcman's bed
£ll 2 o^
April the 25, 1767
Allowed by us till just cause be shewn to the Contrary W Harbord G Chad
Also Rec*^ Two Shillings wich was Overcharged in y" Dublycates makeing which makes y"= Stock
|
i;5i s 6 19 |
9 8 |
|
50 5 48 lo |
5 4h |
|
9 7 I 15 |
0 |
r
II 4. ch
[NB : at the head of this year's Ace' is IMarch 31 1766
We nominate for Overseers for the year Ensucing Tho^ Emery Anth" Ditchell Rob' Plumbly Fra^ Pearson Phillip Terry Rob' Rooke Henry Swan
June 29^^ 1767
V^ M' Emery the Town Stock £g 7 o^ A Ditchell
ESTIMATE TO REPAIR CHURCH. xliii.
7. (gstxmale ta ^icpro lljc C|jurtlj in 1758.
/4« Estimate of the Dilapidations on Cromer Chnrch, as sun-eyed by order of the Lord Bishop of Norzvich, fohn IVyndhavi, Esq''', and Mr. Ellis, of Cromer, 1 7 ////;', 1758, /. Thos. Ivory. '
To new roof the middle Isle with proper scantlings of the best red wood firr and cells of oak — to use all the old metcrials as far as they will go ; — the roof to be framed with king posts and trusses to discharge the croud irom the walls and give a perpendicular bearing — the parepet walls to be taken down and the roof to be made into an eves drip with a projection of the sparrs feet about 12 inches over the walls — the roof to be properly boarded and then covered with Welch slating, and the ridge with lead (and this roof ought to be on before the side isles are the least disturbd) all the principalis to stand upon the baulks . . . . 230 i o
Repairing the roofs of the side Isles and compleat-
ing them fit for lead again . . . 50 o o
To cover the same again with cast sheet lead of 71b.
to the foot and the laying it . . 170 13 2
No covering will do, but lead, on the side Isles, as the pitch is so flat, and altering that will be a considerable larger expence in the Carpenter's work, as well as spoil the sym- metry of the building both within and with- out side.
xliv. APPENDIX VII.
To glaze the lower windows (only) with Newcastle
quarry . . . . . 25 o o
The upper windows are now wrought up with bricks but yet shows their form entire — I would recommend them to remain so, as there will be light enough from the lower windows.
Regulating the Gravestones and finishing the re- mainder of the paving with white bricks . 30 o o
A neat flat cicling to the middle Isle and all the
walls to be scrapd, plaisterd, and whitewashd . 45 o o
Smiths' work for the roof and to the windows,
pulpet, &c. . . . . 20 o o
Putting up a Pulpet and Desk, six pews and about doz. long open seats in the middle Isle — a com- munion table and rails round it and repairing the Font . . . . 45 o o
Bricklayers' work for lowering the parepets, working up the staircases at the east end of the church and many Jobs .
For carting . ;{^io ; and scaffolding . i^io
|
15 |
0 |
0 |
|
20 |
0 |
0 |
|
£6so |
14 |
2 |
DlLAPID.\T^ONS ON THE STEEPLE.
The Platform of the Steeple to be taken up and now cast — the timbers to be all repaird firm — fit to lay the lead on again, for they arc now in as bad repair as possible to stand — the 4 sound windows to be put in proper repair wath oak weather boarding, to keep the weather from getting into the steeple, w'^'* has done a great deel of damage in there. The Frames where the Bells hang in to be taking down and the floor to be properly repaird and one Bell
ESTIMATE TO REPAIR CHURCH. xlv.
hung. Some breaches in the steeple to be re- paird to keep the weather from eating any- further into the wails. The Belfry to be repaird and the Floors, between the Belfrey and that where the Bells hang ; and repairing the south porch, as that is to be the only entrance . 70 o o Am' of the Church repairs . . 650 14 2
£720 14 For a proper person to conduct and carry on the business in a regular manner and to pass the bills and to see the acc^^ dischargd . . 31 10
o
;^752 4 2
Credit. By the old lead on the middle Isle
and side Isles with all their spouts,
&c., &c. . . . 280 o o
By the old meterials— having liberty
to use them as farr as they will
go in this alteration . . 50 o O
By the 4 largest Bells . . 160 o o
490 o o
BalP . £262 4 2
The Lead and Bells to be all weighd in the churchyd before its carryd off the premises, and one of the neighbouring gentlemen to keep a book of it, and to appoint a Treasurer.
If it is not thought fit to set about these reperations this year, yet I would recommend that the Roof of the middle Isle be taken off directly for the better security of the side walls — and they will stand much safer without it— as the pressure is now so great upon them.
APPENDIX VIII.
8. gtd d J^incs.
The following are notes of all the Feet of Fines relating to Shipden and Cromer down to the year 32 Geo. Il.-f
1. 8 PJch'^ I. Xo. 52. Robert CIcricus of Ructon (Roughton or
Runton ?) v. *Adam son of Hclye de Sipeden of 30=^ in Sipeden, and half the services of Roger CIcricus and of Reginald Palmer.
2. 10 RicL<^ I. No. 162, Richard son of Walter v. *Robcrt
Buinard of 2/- rent in Sipdcn — the consideration being a regrant to Roger de Reppes at 2/-, Buinard to hold it of the latter at 2/6.
3. 4 John. No. 121. Inetta dau. of Godric v. *Thomas Busing
of 10^ in Sipeden, the consideration of 20/-.
4. 14 Edw"^ I. No. 406. William Gerebreg, vinter, and Johanna
his wife v. *Richard Gerebreg of Yarmouth, in Erpingham, Schipdene, and Yarmouth. [Alice wife of Wm. G. is mentioned, and Thos. Gerberg puts in his claim.]
5. 14 Edw^ I. No. 431. Reginald son of John de North Reppes
V. *Edmund de N. Reppes, in N. and S. Reppes, Sistrond, Ovestrond, Schypeden, and Ructon — Regrant by Reginald of land called Wrongedale, and half a mill, &c. — Simon de Lund (on ?) puts in his claim.
6. 20 G: 21 Edw. I. No. 617. *Wiriiam de Bradenham and
Isabel his wife, by Wm. de Sythcstrond v. Magr. John de Bradenham, in Shipcdcn, N. Repps, and Overstrand, of a messuage, 50^ of land, 2=^ of pasture, 4* of briar, i^ of pasture, and 4d, rent — Regrant to hold of Wm. as of fee.
7. 30 Ed. I. No. S65. Laurence de Reppes v. *John fil'
Edm.ond de Reppes of a messuage and 50* of land, 5* pasture, 1 5^ marsh, 50^ of briar, and 40/- rent in N. and S. Reppes, Cistrand, Ovrestrand, Rughton, and Shipeden.
+ The party to whose name a * is prefixed is the grantor or vendor.
FEET OF FINES. xlvii.
8. II Ed. II. No. 656. John Brown of Tutyngton v. *John dc
Oddyngelis of the advowson of the Church of St. Peter of Shypcdcne juxta Felbrigcj.
9. 18 Ed. II. No. 994. Hu^h Tcbaud v. ■^'Isabella widow of
Wm. dc Bradcnham, and W'm. Fil' \Vm. dc Bradenham, in Shipcdcn, N. Repps, and Ovcrstrond.
10. 5 Ed'.v'^ III. No. 203. Clement Kcrvi o{ Shipeden and
MiHcent his wife v. John fil' Robert Tcbaud of Shipcdcn,
in Shipeden.
Do. do. V. the said *John of do.
11. 6 Edw'^ III. No. 252. *Symon Bygot of Felbrigge and
Alicia his wife v. Alexr. de Walcote and Wm. fil' Roger Bygot of Fclbrigge, in Herlyng, Palling, Waxtenesham, Runton, Beeston, and Shipden, and advowson of E. Harling. [Robert fil' Walter de Bernham and Sarra widow of John de Skeyton, put in their claim.]
12. 7 Edw. III. No. 290. John Colman v. *John Brynyng of
Rughton and Kathcrine his wife, in Shipcdene.
13. 21 Edw. III. No. 755. Wm. de Croule of Castel Rysyng v.
♦Robert JMounk of Shipeden and Alicia his wife, in Shipeden.
14. 23 Edw. III. No. 812. *Clement Hervy of Shipeden v.
Roger de Hedersete, parson of the Church of Billingford, and Robert Broun, parson of the Church of Shipeden, in Shipeden, Ovcrstrond, Rughton (Roughton), N. Repps; and Felbrygg.
15. 24 & 25 Edw^^ III. No. S44. John Lorn of Shipeden v. *A!an
Reyner of Aylmerton and Isabella his wife, in Shipedene.
16. 36 Edw. III. No. II 36. Roger Fclbrigge chivaler and John
Habbe v. *Simon fil' Richd. Millerc of Sheringham and Matilda his wife, in Roghton, Thorp x»Iarkct, P'elbrigge, Shipedene, and Metton.
17. 39 Edwd. III. No. 1 213. *J()hn Aylmer and Helewisa his
wife, and John son of Edward de Gresham, v. John, parson of the Church of Runtton (Runcton ?), Wm. Godfrey capell'', Edwd. de Gresham, and John Atte Boure, in Aylmerton, Gresham, Sustede, Felmyngham, Basyngham, Rughton, Shepden, and Bodham.
xlviii. APPENDIX VIII.
i8. 49 Edwd. III. No. 1556. John Bondc of Walsham v. *Adam Gees (Goos ?) of Shipden and Margt. his wife, in Fcl- mingham.
19. 7 Rich'^ II. No. 93. Robt. Popyngcay, John de Grcsham,
Robt. Brynyng, and Adam Hare, v. *John Fyniel of Shipden and Alicia his wife, in Shipden.
20. 12 Hen. IV. No. 117. Richd. de Colby and Margt. his wife
V. *John Drcggc of Shipden and Johanna his wife, in Shipden.
21. 2 Hen. VI. No. 5. John Jolyf v. *Richd. Fenge and Agnes
his wife, in Shipden.
22. 18 Hen. VI. No. 15. John wyn of Baldeswell, capel-
lanus, Simon Norman, vicar of the Church of Shipden, and others, v. *Richd. Cordy of Castlcacre and Johanna his wife, in Baldeswell.
23. 20 Hen. VI. No. 176. Robert Clcrc and others v. *John
Clement of Crowemcr, of the manor of E. Beckham.
24. II Edw. IV. No. 35. John Heydon, Henry Heydon armiger,
Robt. Walssh, Wm. Garlek, and Geoffrey Walssh, v. ♦John Bumpstede and Eliz''^ his wife, in Thorpmarket, Gunton, S. Rcppys, Roughton, Metton, and Shipden.
25. Easter, 19 Henry VII. Sir John Paston, Sir Edwd. Ponynges,
and Richd. Croft v. Roger Townsend, Ar., and Anne his wife, manor of E. Beckham, and in E. Beckham, W. Beckham, Sheryngham, Beeston, Runton, Shipden, Fil- bregge, Aylmerton, Susted, and Gresham.
26. Trin., 7 H. VIII. John Spylman of Roughton, bocher, v.
Thomas Gryme and Alice his wife, in Cromer and Northreppes.
27. Trin., 7 H. VIII. Henry Chauney and others v. John Welton
and Elizabeth his wife, in Crowmer and Shipden.
28. Mich., 21 H. VIII. Thomas Bevys and others v. Willm.
Peerson, sen., and others, in North Walsham and Cromer otherwise Shypden.
29. Mich., 21 H. VIII. Willm. Brampton, Ar., and others v.
Thomas Shrymplyng and others, in Craneworth and Shipden.
30. Mich., 23 Ij^^III. Robt. Alarche and others v. John Lewys
and otners, in Shipden.
FEET OF FINES. xlix.
31. Trin., 24 Henry VIII. RobL Hanvard of Booton v. Rich.
Gunmour and others, in Crowmer, Felbrige, and Runton.
32. Trin., 24 H. VIII. Edm. Suffcld and others v. John Stalles
and others, in Cromer ah'as Shipdcn.
33. Mich., 26 H. VIII. Henry Fuller v. Galfr. Barbour and
others, in Shipdcn.
34. Hil., 26 H. VIII. Thos. Robyns and others v. John Stacy,
in Shipden als. Cromer, Felbrige, Roughton, Northreppys, Overstrond, and Fildeallyng.
35. Trin., 27 H. VIII. Sir John Cornwallys and others v. Sir
Cristopher Willoughby and others, of the manor of Roughton, and in Roughton, Crowmer, North Reppys, South Reppys, Thorp, Gunton, Suffcld, Colby, Hanworth, and Felbryge.
36. Mich., 29 H. VIII. Thomas Knolles and others v. Thos.
Harman and others, in Shipdane.
37. Mich., 32 H. VIII. John Blowfeld and others v. John Bradfeld
and others, in Crowmere otherwise Shypden.
38. Mich., 34 H. VIII. Wiilm. IMundys, cler., v. Thomas Cawston
and others, in Cromer als. Shypden, and Northreppys.
39. Hil., 35 H. VIII. Robt. Rugge, citizen and alderman of
Norwich, v. Christr. Heydon, Esq., and others, of the manors of North Repps and Metton als. J.Ietton Heyle- shall, and in North Roughton, South Repps, Trimmingham, Systrond, and Crowmer.
40. East, 36 H. VIII. John Gresham v. Sir Nichs. Hare and
others, of the manor of S. Repps, and in S. Repps, N. Repps, Cromer, Thorpe, and Systrond.
41. Mich., I Edward VI. Sir Robt. Holdychc and others v. Robt.
Harward, An, and others, in Alburgh, Alby, and Cromer otherwise Shypdam.
42. Mich., I E. VI. Edm. Suffeld v. John Bradfeld and others, in
Crowmer and Ronton.
43. Mich., 5 E. VI. Clement Harward, Esq., v. Robt Harward,
Esq., and others, in Shipden.
44. Hil., 5 and 6 E. VI. Robt Churchc v. Thomas Jcnkynson,
hosycr, and others, in Cromer otherwise Shipden.
45. Mich., I P. and M. Robt Baker v. R. Drawer and others, in
Cromer als. Shipdcn.
2G
1. APPENDIX VIII.
46. Trin., 2 P. and ]\I. Willm. Prator v. Rich. Hyldcrs and
others, in Cromer otherwise Shypdcn.
47. Mich., 2 Philip and Tvlary. John Baron, CIcr., v. Thos.
Robkyn and others, in Shipdcn otherwise Cromer, &c.
48. Mich., 2 P. and M. John Earon, Cler., v. Edm. Suffeld and
others, in Cromer.
49. Mich., I and 2 Elizabeth. Jno. Powells and others v. Richd.
Estynges and others, in Cromerall, &c.
50. Mich., 2 and 3 E. W'm. Colbcck v. Wm. Arnold, in Cromer
als. Shipden.
51. Hil., 21 E. Jno. Colby v. Tho. Chapman and others, in North
Repps and Crowmer.
52. Mich., 22 and 23 E. Robt. Underwood, Gent., and others v.
Richd. Arnold, Gent., and others, of the Manor of Uffordys and Tomlynges als. Tomlyns, and in Cromer als. Shipden, North Repps, Roughton, &c.
53. Hi!., 25 E. Robt. Underwood, Ar., v. Jno. Dodge, Ar., and
others, in " Goodale " Barnyngham, Cromer, &c.
54. Hil., 26 E. Jno. Deynes v. Edwd. Deynes and others, in
Cromer als. Shipden.
55. East., 27 E. Tho. Gippes v. Robt. Larwood and others, in
Shipden.
56. Mich., 28 and 29 E. Jeronimus Cawston and others v. Jno.
Brighte and others in Cromer and North Repps.
57. East., 35 E. Christopher. Warde v. Robt. Miller, in Cromer.
58. East., 41 E. Hy. Spylman v. Tho. Blofeld and others, in
Shipden, Sic.
59. Hil., 42 E. Lancelot Holmes v. Geo. Inglond and others, in
Cromer, &c.
60. Hil, 2 J. I. Rob. Dcy and others v. Edm. Salter, in Shipden.
61. East., 6 J. I. Jo. Canham v. Hy. Robinson and others, in
Shipden, &c.
62. Mich., 7 J. I. ?.Iartin Overton and others v. Jo. Jenney and
others, in Cromer. 6s. Mich., II J. I. Gregory Coleby v. Hy. Newton and others, in
Cromer, &c. 64. Trin., 12 James I. Tho. Buckner v. W. Carter and others, in
Cromer.
FEET OF FINES. H.
65. Mich., 14 J. I. Ja. Underwood v. Tho. Jenkinson and others,
in Cromer, &c.
66. Mich., 15 J. I. Jo. Sadler, Gent., v. Elizth. Sadler and others,
in Cromer.
67. Mich., 16 J. I. Jas. Underwood, Gen., v. Rob. Smyth and
others, in Cromer als. Shipden. 6S. Trin., 18 J. I. Tho. Baxter, jun., v. Tho. Blofeld and others, in Cromer, &:c.
69. Mich., 18 J. I. R. Bennett, jun., v. Tho. Fyshman and others,
• in Cromer.
70. Trin., 13 C. I. Edwd. Hayles, IMil. and Bart., and others, v.
Geo. Wyndham, Mil., and others, of the manor of Uffords and tenements in Cromer, &:c.
71. Trin., 13 C. I. Tho. Wyndham, Ar., and others v. Tho.
Russell and others, in Cromer, S:c.
72. Hil., 14 C. I. Richd. Cox and others v. Johanna Hurst, vid.,
and others, in Cromer, &c.
73. Hil., 18 C. I. Jo. Daynes and others v. Ric. Cox and others,
in Cromer, &c.
74. Hil., 1650. Tho. Baxter, Gen., v. Jo. Mangles and others, in
Cromer.
75. Hil., 1652. Rob. Dey v. Rob. Allcock and others, in Cromer,
Felbridgc, &c. y6. East, 13 C. 11. Rob. Paine v. Jo. Paine, in Cromer als. Shipden.
77. Mich., 15 C. n. Edm. Britiffe, Gent., and others v. Mar.
(Meir?) Tompson, Drinkmilke, Chosell, Carr, Fox, and others, in Cromer, &c.
78. Hil., 1668. Tho. Newman v. Jo. Spelman and others, in
Cromer.
79. East., 16 Charles H. Nichs. Whale, Gent, v. R. Pame (Paine ?),
Bennett, Nicholls, and others, in Cromer, &c.
80. Mich., 23 C. n. Tho. Harmer and others v. Jo. Spillman,
Gent, and others, in Cromer.
81. Michs., 7 Geo. H. Eliz. Buttolph, spinster, v. Richd. Smith,
Gen., in Cromer als. Shipden.
82. Easter, Geo. H. Wm. Tower v. Richd. Gay Lucas Clerk and
wife, Mary Adams, and Robt. Ridgewell and wife, in Runton, Aylmerton, Felbrigge, Cromer, and Marsham.
lii. APPENDIX VIII.
83. Hil., II Geo. II. John, Lord Hobart, Baron of Blickllng, v.
Robert Ransomc and wife, Thos, Cubit and wife, in Cromer and Blickling.
84. Trinity, 16 and 17 Geo. II. \Vm. Hall and others v. John
Spooner and wife, ?.Iatthcw Lawrence and wife, and Mary Paine, in Hickling, E. Runton, and Cromer als. Shipden.
85. Hil., 17 Geo. II. Francis Windham, Esq., v. Robt. Plumbly
and wife, and Tho. Paul and wife, in Cromer and Runton. S6. Hil., 18 Geo. II. Thos. Henzell, Gent., v. John Kirby and
wife, and James Kirby and wife, in Cromer. 87. Trin., 18 and 19 Geo. II. Do. v. Jas. Mountain and wife, in
Gresham, Aylmerton, Cromer, &c. 8S. Trin., 24 Geo. II. Anthony Ditchell v. Francis Chaplin and
wife, in Cromer als. Shipden.
89. i\Iichs., 25 Geo. II. Tho. Capurne v. John Miller and Eliz.
his wife, Robt. Fickling and Mary his wife, in Paston and Cromer.
90. Michs., 25 Geo. II. Tho. Henzell v. Tho. Woodrow, Gent,
and Lucy his wife, in Beeston juxta mare Runton, Cromer, E. Beckham, Felbridge, and Aylmerton.
91. Easter, 25 Geo. II. John Withers v. Richd. Frary and Susan
his wife, in Cromer als. Shipden.
92. Trin., 26 and 27 Geo. II. Chas Weston v. Joseph i\Iiller and
Elizth. his wife, and Nathl. Stagg and Mary his wife, in S. Repps and Shipden.
93. Michs., 31 Geo. II. Tho. Vaughan, Gent, v. Chas. Wyndham,
Esq., and John Wyndham, Esq., in Cromer, Overstrand, N. Repps, &c.
VARIOUS CHARTERS, ETC. liii.
9. ^ixxmx^ (iTIjiirftrs, tit.
(Patent Roll, i Ed. i.)
m 6 — Norff. R(obertus) Fulc(o) et \V(illeImus) de Saham v.
Edmundum de Eggemere and others in Schipdene. m 5 (dorse) — Hugh fil' Theobald Ic Chapel (ler) of Shipden v.
Roger de Lingthwcyt and others of land in Shipden. 32 Edw. I., in 15.
Notice to Sheriff to give seizin to Editha de Boys "qd cum
ipsa in cur' R' apud Shelford recupasset seis' suam v.
Willm de Gradenham (Bredeham?) de uno messuagio
cum ptin' in Shipcdon, S:c." 1291 — Beeston, Prior of — valued at 2d. in Taxat. Eccl,, Shipden. 2 Hen. v., N° 30. Tho* de IMorlee and o" gave Prior and C of
B.V. Mary of Beeston (i.a.) land in Shipden.
(Abbrevatio Placitorum.)
II Edw. I., roll 2. Charter enrolled on roll.
Remigius son of Wm. Mulings (vel Meulings) to the Bishop of Norwich, all the lands he held of latter in (i.a.) Shipden.
(Register of St. Benet's Abbey.)
No. 976. — Release by Beatrice WIf (Ulph?) of a messuage and 10 acres in Shipden, 128^.
(Chancery Proceedings Temp. Elizbth.)
Thos. Greene v. Tho. Jermy as to premises in Cromer the jointure of plaintiffs daughter Marj'.
liv. APPENDIX IX.
(Bodleian Charters.)
Charter 451.
Shipdcn. Margaret de Crcyk, widow, and Robert de Creyk, her eldest son, grant to Robert, son of Hugh le Flamming, of Ship- dene, a tenement in Shipdcne, paying on the feast of S' John Bapt, 36 Hen. HI., 2 marks; at i.Iichaclmas following, 2 marks; at the Purification B.V.?»I., 37 Hen. HI., 2 marks; and at Easter, 20J-.
Witnesses — Sir Rich' de Bcrningham, Tho. dc Birrestone, Ric de (le ?) Soutcrsone, Rich'^ de Boyton, Jordan dc SnoUcton.
Charter 452.
William Dikessone of Schcpcdcnnc grants to John Gilberd of South Repps a messuage and a house in Schepcdcnne, situate between ho. of John Wlfled and ho. of John Hastyng abuts on King's Highway on E.
Dated at Schepcdcnne, St. Pctronilla the virgin's day, 38 Ed. HI.
Witnesses — John Hastyng, Ralph de Egmor, Alan de Paston, Ric*^"^ de Rcppes, Wm. Atte Lound, Edmund Colman, Rich"^ Fayrcock, and others.
Charter 453.
John Gilberd of South Repps grants to John Wlfled of Schipeden and Agnes, daughter of Bartholomew Owcntement of Sidestronde, one piece of land lying in the village of Schipeden.
Dated at Schipeden the Saturday next after the feast of S* Gregory, 43 Ed. HI.
Witnesses — Tho. dc Standon, Jno. Hestyng, Jas. the son of William, Jno. Thommys, — Brinyng, Thos. Perison, Roger Flemyng, and others.
Charter 454.
Edward Coolman of Gimmingham and Robert Brj'nyngg of Schipden demise and confirm to John Coolman of Schipden a messuage abutting on messuage formerly of Rob' Theobald — messuage of John Atte Wode of Sydestrond.
Witnesses — John Hestyng, John Fymyl (Fyniyl or Fyniel? see Fines), W'^ Chapman, Bartholomew Everard, John Gyrlyng, and others.
Dated at Schipden, 6 Januar>', 20 Rich. H.
VARIOUS CHARTERS, ETC. Iv.
Charter 455.
John Cohnan of Schyppcdcn grants to \V™ Chapman of the same place, John Breton and Geoffry Sywhat of Babyngle a messuage in Schyppedcn (same as last). Witnesses — John Hestyng, John Fymyl (Fyniel?), Rich^ Crane, Barth^^^ Everard, John Gyrlyng, and others.
Dated at Schyppeden on the day of S' ]\Iarcel. Martyr, 20 Rich. II.
Charter 456.
Agnes, who was the wife of. Richard Kyrkcman of Schipden, grants to Richard Crane and Robert Heyles of the same, one piece of land in Schipden abuts on cottage of J 110. de Trunch. Witnesses— W"^ James, Rob' Catelyne, W"* Maryot, W"* Arnald, Tho. Bulwer, and others.
Dated at Schipden on the feast of S' George the Mai-tyr, 12. Hen. IV.
3 Jany, 37 James I. Charter by which Richard Bennet and William Bennet of Cromer, mariner son of Richard Bennet late of Cromer mariner dec^ grant to William Carter gent" all their right, &c., in a messuage late of their s'^ father and formerly of Robert Clarke dec"^ situate at Cromer between the common way on the W the sea shore on the E and abuts on the common way on the N and the sea shore on the S. Witnesses — W^m. Smyth, John Plattinge, ser\-ant to the said Wm. Carter, Eras. Collsty (?), and Walter Whitinge. [From Mr. Coim.an's collections.]
13 Nov.^ 1700. Deed by which Nathaniel Smyth of Cromer, yeoman, conveys to Richd. Ellis of X. Repps, gent, and Wm. Smyth of Runton, yeoman, all his freeholds in Cromer, N. Repps, and Run(c)ton for one year, to enable them to take a grant or release by a deed to be dated the next day between Xathl. Smyth of the I pt s^ R. Ellis and T. Smyth of 2 pt and ?.Iargt. Burrows of N. Repps, spinster, one of the daughters of Richd. Burrows, late of Paston, gent., of the 3rd pt. [From Mr. Colman's collections.]
Ivi. APPENDIX X.
lo. Cromer |Jm; 1591.
Bills, Answers, Etc., Exchequer, Elizabeth. Norfolk, No. 146.
Term'o Pasche Anno xxxiij Reginc E.
To the Rygl"it Honorable S^ Will'm Cecill Knighte Lorde Highe Tresurer of Englonde John Foscue Esquicr hur mat'^ chauncelor of the Exchequer S"" Roger IManwood Knighte Lord Chief Baron and others hur mat'" Barons of the Exchequer.
In most humble wise sheweth unto your good honors your Daylye Orators the Inhabitants of the towne of Cromer w'^in the Countye of Norff. That wheras the Quenes ma''-^ the forthe daye of Julye in the xxiiij''' yeare of hur Highnes Reigne did by hur I'res patents under the greate scale of Englonde graunte unto the sayd Inhabitaunts license for the transportinge of twentye thousand quarters of wheate barlye & maulte for the mayntenancc of ther towne and towards the buildinge of an oulde decayed peere there, in w^*" sayd I'res patents one Thomas Baxter gent : was appointed to sell the sayde License for the best benefitte of the towne and the monye that he shoulde reccywe therof he to deliver the some to the Pcerercves such as the sayd Inhabitants shoulde yearelye choose accordinge to an auncicnt custome amongst them used, to be bestowed uppon the sayd peere and further that they the sayde peererevcs for the better furtheringe of the sayde woorke should make ther monthlyc accounte to the sayd Baxter and other the Inhabitants of the employment therof, w'^ this also that the sayd Baxter should at such tyme as the Lord Tresurer and the Lord of Leister thinke good deliver the sayd peerereves accompts to ther honors to th'cnde ther honors mighte understande howe the sayd monye should be bestowed that the overplus might rcmayne to
CROMER TIER, ETC. Ivii.
hur mat'«. Accordingc to the w"^ saydc I'rcs patents the sayd Baxter did sell the sayd license parte for readye money and other p'te for dayes w^^ monye as it did come into his hands he did deliver it to the pcerereves and that w-*^ was soulde for dayes he did take bondes in the name of one Robte Underwood nowe deceased and others bcinge Inhabitants of the sayd towne For that it doth appeare by the sayd Baxters accounts taken before S"" Wiil'm Heydon & others (beinge appointed by ther honors so to do) that div'se Somes of monye doe remayne in the handes of Emanuell Callyarde John Deynes, Wiil'm ]Myngye Joh'em Shanke Wiil'm Boshope (?) George Englond which have byn peerereves and who doth refuse to make payment therof And wheras it doth likewise appeare by the sayd Baxters accounts that the said Roberte Under^vood did by Indirecte meanes gett into his posses- sion to the value of fower hundred pounds w=^ he did never make payment of or bestowe uppon the sayd peere beinge for that purpose g},wen That it would please your good Honors to directe hur mat'" writte of subpcna as well to call before you the sayd Wiil'm Myngye John Deynes as also the sayd Emanuell Callyard and Margerye his wiffe executrix of the testament of the sayd Roberte Underwood into whose handes sufficient goods of the sayd Roberte Underwood be come as John Shank & Wiil'm Bishop (?) George Englond. That they make p'sent payment of such monye as they owe unto the sayd Towne and deliver into the handes of the sayd Inhabitants such bonds and billes w'^'' wer taken to the use of the sayd towne Or otherwise that they be compelled uppon ther answercs to enter into bonds to the use of hur ma'-* to answere such somes as upon the hearinge of the cause shalbe dulye proved they are indebted to the sayd Towne And your sayd Orators shall daylye praye to god for the p'servation of your honors in healthe longe to cotynewe.*
fiat br' de sup*
Robte Clarke.
• There is a nearly illegible memoraTrlum on the left hand bottom of the skin, that the parties (?) are to appear and answer, &.c.
2H
Iviii. APPENDIX X.
Tr : a" xxxiij''
The answer of Emanucll Callcrd deff to the untrcwe bill of compl' of the Inhabitants of Cromer Compl : The said defft saythc that it hatha be.q-n suldome scene any such bill of Compl' p'scwed by Inhabitants w'^out meaneinge some men in Certeyne But as the said bill is in suche disordered manyer (?) leyed so also is the materiall p'te theirof leyed and sett forthe in moste disordered manner and very Insufficient to charge the said defft or any other Howbeit that the declaracion in the said bill alledginge that it appeareth uppon the accompt that their is mony remayninge in the hands of this defi't is not sufficient matter to charge the said defft for that the said Baxter might impose mony uppon ia(n)other w"^ he hymselfe had And the said defft doth further saie that he was lately Pereive of the said Peire but he saye the (m-) that he did never receive above ij' for the same w'-'^out that it can appeare uppon ainy trewe accomp' of Baxter that their is any mony Remayninge or was in the hands of the said defft or that to the knowledge of the said defft their was lefte in the hands of the said Underwood yis but newly is alleged But it dothe appeare by a note of a Reconinge that he disbursed xx'' more then he Received \V*out y' that any other matter article or alligac'on sentence of or surmyse in the said Bill conteyned and not bcfor sufficiently confessed and avoyded traversed or not denyed as
trewe all W^^ matters this deff: is reddie to & ,pve as this
Cortc shall award and prayeth to be dismissed this Coorte w'^ his reasonable Costs & charges on his bchalfe wrongefullie susteyned. p'd Emanuell Callerd sacr'm su'u p'stitit corporalc' xxiiijo die Junii a° R'ni R'ne n're Elizabcthe xxxiij*" coram jud'e.
Termio See' Trin Ano xxxiij'^''' Re"« E
The Replicasion of the Inh'itans of the towne of Cromer Compl' to the untrew answer of Emanuel Calycrd def : Norff. The seyd Inh'itans for Replicasion further sayethe that trew it is that the Ouenes majestie the iiij'^ ycre of hur heyghnes Reignge dyd by hur lettres patents undre the great scale of Eng- lond graunt unto the scyd Inh'itans licence for the transportynge of xx"" quarters of wheat barlye mault &. yeast for the maynte- naunce of ther towne and towerds the byldynge of ane olde
CROMER PIER, ETC. Hx.
decayed pcare there And in the scyd Icttrcs patents on Thomas Baxter gent was appoynted to sell the seyd leyccnce fo the best bennfit of the townc And the monye that he shold Rcceyve therof he to dclevcr the same to the pearereves to be bestowed uppon the seyd peare And that thaye the seyd perereves for the better furtherynge of the seyd worke shold make ther monthlye account to the seyd Baxter and other the Inh'itans of the employ- ment therof. And the seyd Baxter to deliver the seyd pearereves account to the lorde tresurer and lorde of Lester to th'end ther honors myght undcrstande howe the sayd monye shold be bestowed According to the whiche seyd lettres patents the seyd Baxter dyd sell the seyd leycence p't for Redye monye and p't for dayes whiche monye as it dyd come in to his handes he dyd deliv' it to the pearereves And that which was sold for daycs he dyd take bondes in the name of on Rob' Undrewood now decessed and others beinge Inh'itans of the seyd towne to thuse of the seyed towne And further it doth appere by the seyd Baxter his accounts that divers somes of mony dothe Remayne in the hands of the seyd Emanuel Calyerd which was a perreve as allso that the seyd Rob^ Undrewood dyd gett in to his possession to the valewe of iiij^'' whiche as yctt was never Repayd or bestowed uppon the seyd peare for that purpose geven And that the goods of the sayd Underwood be come unto the hands of the seyd Emanuel Calyerd Wherfor thay praye as befor thay have prayed.
Exchequer Depositions, 35 Elizb., Easter, No. 19, Norfolk.
A reckon inge made by Robert Underwood gent, the IQ^*^ daye of January, A° dni, 15S7.
To Thomas Baxter gent.
Inpmis rcccyvcd of ^Ir. Vyolette
of Lynne . . . Ixxxxv//.
Itm receyved of :\rr. Sydny . C//.
Itm receyved of ^Ir. Baxter at
two sondry tymcs . . xvij//.
Itm rccep-cd of Mr. Sydny more xvj//.
Ix.
ArPENDIX X.
Itiii payd IMr. Bryerton for Mr.
Curling's sute . Itiii payd to :\Ir. Burton bcinj
preacher I tin payd for y*^ Justic^' dyct Itiii payd for the townc child Itiil payd y" Wyddowc Waterdone
for achild Itm payd for :\Ir. Baxter, Mi
Blowfyldc, S: mync at Norwidche
I. Pagrave. Anthony Dethc.
Whcarof Innmis payd to I\Ir. Shankc . xx//.
Itfii payd to George Inglond . viijV/. Itni paid to Clement ffyshman . v//.
Itm payd to John Bright . . xlijV/.
Itm payd to John Owles . . xiij//.
Itm payd to Thomas Dayncs Itiii payd to Edmond Empsonne . xxiijV/ Itill payd to Willra Myngaye . vijV, Itni more to Edmond Empsonne. xxxj// Itiii more to WllliTi I\Iyngaye . ix// Itni payd to Richeman for tymber xx//, Itin payd to Boult . Itin payd to Bridges at twise Itiii to Richard Bennet thcldcr Itin payd to ^Ir. Baxter at twyse I tin payd for my charges & Mr.
Baxter's when we went to
London Itin payd to Lou the Itiii payd for trymmyngc the ord
nannc Wheels Itin more to John Bright , Itin payd Durrant the boone-setter Itm payd to Robert Sase . Itiii payd to W'illm Gymmynghm Itin payd Rye for ?.Ir. Gurlyng's sute Itin payd for y" rcturne of y'^ Jury Itin more to ^Ir. Shanke .
lis.
xU.
xs.
xs.
xvji-.
xs.
x\s. Is.
vli. Wi.
ix//.
XXXVJ.
xxxs.
xixj.
xxxiiiji".
iiijj.
XXXJ.
xxiiijV. iijV/.
x//.
iu]d.
\]d.
\\\s. \\\]d.
|
vli. |
||
|
xli. |
v]s. xxs. |
viijV. |
|
viijj. |
vjV. |
|
|
viji-. |
VjV. |
CROMER PIER, ETC. Ixi.
[The Document also contains the followhis heads :— ]
1. Interrogatories to be ministered on behalf of John Blowfeild
Inhabitant of the town of Cromer, Compl' against Emanuel Callow and Maryen his wife Defts.
2. Ditto on behalf of Emanuel Callard gent. deft. v. said John
Blowfeild Compl'.
3. Depositions (taken at Rexham Co. Norf April 9'^ 35 Elizb.
(1593) before John Pagrave, William Rug, Anthony Dethe, and Henry Dawbeney Esquires in behalf of the above) of Thomas Baxter of Cromer, aged 40 or thereabouts gent.,' Robert Cottrell of South Repps Co. Norf gent, aged 50.
4. Depositions (taken at Cromer, 20'^ April 35 Elizb. 1593) before
the said John Pagrave and Anthony Dethe, etc. of John
Brighte of Cromer, Aged S3.
Samuell Otes of South Reppes, Clerk, Aged 40,
George Englande of Gressham Co. Norf. Yeoman, Aged 46.
Robte Baylie of Foulsham Co. Norf. Yeoman, Aged 54-
SHERRINGHAM PIER.
The lamentable distresse of the fisshermen inhabitants of hir ma'^ Towne of Sheringham in the Countie of Norff. beinge the cheife m" yearly for Iseland fisshinge from whence cometh the best provision of Linge and Codfishe to the benefit of this Rcalme.
First before thextreame rage of the Sea beatinge uppon that coast was partely intercepted by the erection of the Peere yet in hande many good houses and substantial! dwellings in the said Towne were washed awaie and swallowed up by the same Rage and no doubte the greatest parte of the same Towne had ere this ben utterly confounded by the Sea had not the said Peere in the profound consideration of hir ma''= and hir most honorable Coun- sell been begonne when it was.
Also many fisshermen w^^ their Boates and furniture had since been caste awaie thercaboutes as in former tyme they yearly were had not the same Peere been begonne and followed to the passe
Ixii. APrENDIX X.
it is at which Pccrc if it were finished accordingc to the firste it wouldc not oncly dcfcnde the Towne and succo'' fisshcrmcn in- habitinge about the coast but also be a convenient safeguarde for many ships indaungered uppon the Coast in fowle weather.
Towardcs w-^ wourke it pleased hir ma*'"= by thadvice of the 11 of hir Highncs said Counseill to gcve to certein Inhabitants of the seid Towne their Executors and assigncs all the forfeitures w=^ to hir Highness hir hcires or successors shoulde growe w'^'in the Counties of SulT. and Xorff. by meanes of a Statute made in the xxiiij'^ ycre of the raigne of King Henry the Eighte intituled an acte concerninge sowinge of flaxe and hempe w'^^ act was since confirmed and advanced by another acte made in the fivcth ycre of hir ma'* Raigne and since againe by Hir Higlines Proclamacion geven at Richmonde the xv'^ dale of Januarv- in the xxj'^ ycre of hir gracyous Raigne likewies ratified and c.>nfirmcd to have to the use aforesaid for the tcrme of Seaven yores from the date of hir highnes I'res pattent in that behalfe made bearlnge teste at Wcstm the xvj'^ daie of February in the xxv'*" yere of hir mat^ most happie raigne.
By reason whearof and of the propre goods of the Townsmen spent uppon the said Peere theare hath been already bestowed uppon the buildinge thereof Two thousand poundes and beingc prosecuted w'^ effect will no doubte in tyme be made a very com- petent harborough or safctic to the Coast men and all other tradinge that waie and a soundc safctic to the Tovv-nc by the col- lections of hir ma'^ said guifte & contynuance of the said Act made for the sowinge of flax and hempe as aforesaid.
Also by the contynewance of the said Act theare ariscth thies and a nombcr more commodities to this Realme firste many howsholders and others w^'^ otherwise shoulde be Idle are diversly sett on wourke and live very well by convertinge the hempe here growinge to sondrie commendable and profitable uses as well for clothe for husbands and their families as also for Traces and other necessaries fitt for husbandry. Also much and very good Taclinge Cordes Halfcrs [sic] Cables and other necessaries for navigacon are daily wraught by her mat* subjects in this Lande w'^ the said Hempe to the grcate benefitt of the subject Againe the goodnes of Englishc hempe is soch as a Cable or Roape of five ynches thearof made is farre better and will last much longer than a Cable
CROMER PIER, ETC. IxUf.
of scaven ynches made of anny forrcin hcmpe Likewles hempe growinge in Enj^lande is alwaies readie at hande and cannot be restrained in tymc of nccde by anny forrcin prince w"^ is no small commodity and yet a thinge w'^*' no doubte would decaie if the said Acte for sowinge flaxc and hempe shoulde be repealed for many men are geven to soch Idlenes as they rather respect ij*^ pry\'ate proffit w''"^ small labor then xij proffit to the common wealthe by such industrie as the sowinge of flaxe and hempe doth require albeit the chardge be like, the gayne their owne, and the Common wealthe onely profited w''* the use and weare thereof w*^'' argueth that if the Statute shoulde be repealed theare woulde be very little flax or hempe voluntarylie sowen w^^ somewhat evidentlie appcareth in Suff: and Norff : wheare the collection of hir mat* said graunte is made for most men theare rathir choose to paie some small composicon towards the Peere then to be tyed to the sowinge of flax or hempe accordinge to the Statute whearih every man is so freindly handled as no man hath nor shall have juste cause to complaine.
Againe if they sowe hempe the Realme is benefited as aforesaid and the gaine of the labour is to the Sowers themselves w^^owt at all to the Peere. And if they sowe none the paine is but small and yet converted to the buildinge and maintenaunce of the Peere \v^h presageth safetie to your suppliants and universall benefit to the lande for thearby wilbe comfortable harborough or greate relief for them and all others when the wourke is finisshed and in the meane space poor men are sett on wourke in the erectinge thearof w^^ beinge finisshed will yealde further meanes of trade and wourke to every function.
But if (as God forbid) the said Statute should be repealed whearby hir mat^ graunte shoulde abate and thearby the same wourkes shoulde not be prosecuted the whole chardge already bestowed were altogether lost and the trade of yor orators into Iselande overthrowne and many good mariners w'^^ those voyagies and other occasions thcarto incident make skilfull and very apte for navigacon cutte of to the greate detrymcnt of hir highnes sea services many waies w*^^ woulde be forseene.
And if it be alledgcd that the Peere hetherto doth small good It is to be aunswered that till it be finisshed the wourke cannot be
Ixiv. APPENDIX X.
perfect* and why it is not finisshed is because so greate a wourke w^'^out a longer tyme be performed w'^ so small collections But beinge performed and nnisshed all the commodities aforesaid will consequently ensue.
It male thearfore please yo' honors and worships to conclude the contynuance of the said Acte for the sowing of hempe and flaxe generally or if it maie not so be that yet neverthelesse Suff. and Norff. may be tyed theareto for the maintenaunce of hir mat' said guifte w^'* will conclude so greate a good to all men traffiquinge that waie and to their ships and loadings as thearby yo" orators and all others tastinge the bencfitte or safetie thereof shalbe bounde to praie for you.
{Endorsed)
To the righte honorable m"" Secretary Wolley one of hir mat^ privie counseill.
Your distressed orators the Inhabitants of Sheringham and Beeston most humblie besechen yo"" honor to peruse th'articlcs w^^in written.
* The truth of this must be generally admitted.
CROMER WILLS.
Ixv.
II. fcmxr Wiilb.
The following is a complete calendar of all the wills relating to this parish, proved at Xorwich, from the earliest time to a very recent date, of which the residence of the testator can be gleaned from the index books.
From 1520 to 1548 registers Haywarde, Underwood, Whitefoote, and Germyn unluckily do not give the places, so ought to have been searched page by page, but the labour was too great
Fortunately I am able to give several references from the L'Estrange and Norris MSS., but anyone specially interested in this period must wade through every page of the register.
Norfolk Archdeaconry.
John Mason
John Sparke
Thos. Pampyn
Roger Pecok
John Aldwyn
John Sparke
Thomas Custance
John Powle
William Brynnynge
John Crose
William Babrike
John Miller
Robert Chestanye
Nicholas Cloyte
Robert Draper
Edward Paycock (Peacock)
Robt. Hamond
Book I (1484 — 97)
fo. 2 24 34 47 55 59 64 64 81
91 91 124 160 170 181 189 199
21
Ixvi.
APPENDIX XI.
|
Kcginald rawkcncr H |
look 2 (1460—1509} |
to. 19 |
|
Robert Simond (Camond ?) |
„ |
96 |
|
Alice Hokar |
}t |
97 |
|
Agnes Mason |
J98 |
|
|
John Wright |
Book 3 (1501 — 7) |
fo. 12 |
|
Thomas Bond |
^, |
19 |
|
IMargaret Knights |
II |
22 |
|
John :\Ionson |
J, |
75 |
|
William Mude B |
:00k 4 (1459— 1487) |
fo. 37 |
|
Thos. Pope |
11 |
38 |
|
Katherine Clements |
II |
72 |
|
Agnes Warde, v/ife of Wm, |
86 |
|
|
Wm. Somerton |
148 |
|
|
Alice Barbor |
II |
289 |
|
Nicholas Atwell |
II |
lOI |
|
Nicholas Bonde |
ji |
lOI |
|
Nicholas Hyndc |
II |
102 |
|
John Cowpcr |
» |
100 and 103 |
|
John Skilman |
104 |
|
|
John Heyles |
1* |
131 |
|
Robert Jakkison |
„ |
192 |
|
John Roke |
II |
177 |
|
John Jolly- |
„ |
212 |
|
Bar thw. Molton |
II |
223 |
|
John Parnell |
11 |
262 |
|
Margaret Skillman |
." |
270 |
|
Wm. jMayson |
II |
270 |
|
Wm. Rome |
»> |
277 |
|
Wm. Kcttill |
H |
286 |
|
Richard Hcmyng |
M |
294 |
|
Constance Fawkner |
l» |
309 |
|
Isabella Nightingale |
H |
309 |
|
Margt Cooke |
•» |
375 |
|
Clement Bond |
l> |
409 |
|
William Attfene |
It |
423 |
|
Katherine Rightwise |
l» |
402 |
|
Richard Fenne |
II |
415 |
|
Richard Fustowe |
>» |
444 |
|
William Crowd (Crowdcr ?) |
Book 5 (1493-15 10) |
fo. 18 |
CROMER WILLS. Ixvii.
John Martin Book 5
Thomas Hughson
Alice Foster, wife of \Vm.
Rich. Nytingale
Nicholas Browne
John Andrcwcs
Rich. Cokks
Henry Duglas
Wm. Purte
John Symonds
John Rede
Walter Strong
Alice Stapull
Margaret Spragger
Katherine Wrighte
Margaret Flegg
Margaret Hert
Katharine Wright
William Barker
Eliz. Porsor
Henry Porsor
John Chesman Book
Adam Reed
William Mason
Robert Marten
Edward Ditchebourne
Robert Shelley
Isabella Rowcll
Simon Stephens
Christ. Larkyn (Lerkin)
William Bune
William Fitchet
Simon Taylour
Ralph Fenne
Clement Browne
William Munds
Clement Fysheman
Katherine Mason Book
John Camonde
|
1493— 1 5 10) |
fo. 4 |
|
II |
46 |
|
„ |
67 |
|
i» |
69 |
|
i» |
76 |
|
>» |
75 |
|
>» |
99 |
|
M |
105 |
|
»» |
105 |
|
(1500— 15 13) |
119 |
|
„ |
125 |
|
„ |
136 |
|
(1500—13) |
148 |
|
„ |
197 |
|
» |
229 |
|
» |
283 |
|
H |
283 |
|
» |
293 |
|
» |
295 |
|
„ |
310 |
|
M |
310 |
|
5(1515—23) |
fo. 6 |
|
» |
S6 |
|
>J |
lOI |
|
>» |
171 |
|
>» |
207 |
|
» |
233 |
|
»» |
264 |
|
n |
300 |
|
n |
310 |
|
»> |
319 |
|
» |
340 |
|
» |
354 |
|
»> |
357 |
|
»» |
358 |
|
„ |
374 |
|
„ |
384 |
|
'(1518-25) |
fo. 53 |
|
„ |
82 |
|
IXVlll. |
APPEN |
DIX XI. |
||
|
John Woodrof |
Book |
7(i5iS- |
-25) |
fo. 128 |
|
John Porrct |
162 |
|||
|
Katherinc Porrct |
163 |
|||
|
Gilbert Bennett |
»> |
233 |
||
|
William Foster |
» |
233 |
||
|
Thomas Olde |
1) |
234 |
||
|
John Hixe |
>» |
237 |
||
|
Thomas Growte |
243 |
|||
|
Kather. Hendringham |
» |
253 |
||
|
Barth\y. ^Molton |
302 |
|||
|
John Welles |
Book £ |
1(1324—] |
^530 |
fo. 7 |
|
Thomas Welvyck |
„ |
39 |
||
|
Robert Palmer |
» |
107 |
||
|
Beatrice France |
>» |
160 |
||
|
Wm. Fraunces |
216 |
|||
|
Edward Subbolde |
„ |
219 |
||
|
Margaret Cokks |
J, |
243 |
||
|
Richard Kente |
» |
248 |
||
|
Thomas Crowde |
251 |
|||
|
John Brese |
Book |
9(1534- |
-40) |
15 |
|
Richard Hawle |
1) |
45 |
||
|
Peter Skotte |
172 |
|||
|
John Gostlyn (Gosclyn }', |
„ |
188 |
||
|
Thomas Breese |
Book |
10 (1540- |
-2) |
fo. 93 |
|
John Dante |
,, |
92 |
||
|
Joan Howse |
» |
74 |
||
|
Geoffrey Mendham |
» |
125 |
||
|
Robert Dunston |
1) |
184 |
||
|
Thomas BorcU |
>i |
252 |
||
|
Robert Fyshman |
» |
260 |
||
|
Thomas Borcll |
„ |
252 |
||
|
John Berye |
„ |
296 |
||
|
John Howse |
Book |
II (1542- |
-6) |
fo. 74 |
|
Agnes Mangill |
,, |
247 |
||
|
Christ. Chapman |
n |
377 |
||
|
Robert Reeve, junr. |
Book |
12(1546- |
-9) |
fo. 342 |
|
John Dawnce |
n |
164 |
||
|
Thomas Bromc |
n |
(at end of book) |
||
|
Thomas Barker |
>» |
353 |
|
( |
:romer wills. |
Ixix. |
|
Robert Ransom |
Book 12 (1546—9) |
fo. 326 |
|
Wm. Goodarcl |
Book 13 (1550—2) |
fo. 34 |
|
Henry Hacokc (Hawkc?) |
34 |
|
|
MargL Brcse, widow |
,, |
113 |
|
Richard Saars (Saycrs ?) |
»> |
141 |
|
Margaret Endyson |
,j |
113 |
|
John Payne |
» • |
387 |
|
William Goodard |
Book 14(1553—5) |
fo. 3 |
|
Nicholas Hynde |
>j |
146 |
|
Richard Wylde |
»> |
185 |
|
Margaret Brown |
,, |
203 |
|
Simon Camforte |
» |
313 |
|
John Barker |
Book 15 (1555-6) |
fo. 52 |
|
Richard Crownde |
89(55?) |
|
|
Joan Griffin |
Book 16(1556—8) |
307 |
|
Simon Daynes |
Book 17 (1557—8) |
fo. 61 |
|
Margaret Hynde |
M |
144 |
|
Thomas Olde |
„ |
234 |
|
Robert Wadclowe (Waddi |
ilove ?) „ |
297 |
|
John Bird |
„ |
298 |
|
Nicholas Hindringham |
)> |
299 |
|
John Applebye |
„ |
311 |
|
William Magles |
» |
336 |
|
John Blowfeild |
Book 18(1557—8) |
fo. 103 |
|
John Comforthe |
„ |
445 |
|
John Mayne |
<> |
462 |
|
John Bradfield |
Book 19(1559) |
fo. 123 |
|
Robert Marche |
„ |
163 |
|
Wm. Blomefcild |
„ |
523 |
|
John Buggc als. Bryden |
Book 20 (1560 — 2) |
fo. 90 |
|
William Sadler |
Book 21 (1563—6) |
294 |
|
John Munson |
„ |
361 |
|
Joan Comforthe |
n |
363 |
|
Henry Amys |
„ |
388 |
|
John Williamson |
Book 22 (1567 — 9) |
3 |
|
Agnes Wilde |
)» |
41 |
|
Agnes Acres |
)> |
448 |
|
Cecily Raunson |
Book 23 (1570—2) |
107 |
|
William Kylbey |
»> |
228 |
Ixx. APPENDIX XI.
John Ufifet Book 24 (1572—3) 4
Thomas Pylgrym » 7°
William Preyter Book 25 ( 1574— 8) 1 28
Robert Breysc „ 349
William Pecocke „ 397
Thomas Johnson Book 26 (1578— 80) i
Alice Esvvoulde » 20
Richard Fenne » ^7
Richard Hovvse ,, 262
Margt. Shortingc „ ' 263
Thomas Thacku-cll „ 30i
Agnes Maddy Book 27 (1580-2) 23
William Dennys „ 204
George Spilman „ 217
Eliz. Fenne „ 272
Richard Dennys Book 28 (1583— 5) fo. 237
Katherine Dennys Book 30 (1588— 91) fo. 310
Cecily Sadler Book 31 (i 591— 4) ^O- 63
Thos. Fyshc, senr. „ 521
Thos. ^larys „ 5^3
Wm. Webster „ 611
John Whitbie Book 32 (1595— 6) fo. 42
Richard Appleby Book 33 (1597—8) fo. 7Z
Margt. Daynes „ 95
Margery Christmas „ 96
Robert Springald „ 217
Grace Dobbe „ 286
John Hinsby „ 32
Christ. Warde „ 157
Wm. Warde „ 292
Thos. Thompson Book 34 (1599— 160 1) fo. 345
Richard Lowe „ 389
Henry Bockinge „ 530
William Rye Book 35 (1602—3) fo. 386
Jane Andrews Book 36 (1604—6) fo. 49
Wm. Packman „ 88
John Springold „ 237
Cecily Goldsborowe „ 335
Robert Scar 37 (161 2— 3) 213
|
CROMER ^VILL3. |
Ixxi. |
|
|
Thos. Sadler |
(1616) |
32 |
|
Robert Ransomc |
37(1618) |
98 |
|
Anne Richardson |
37(1619) |
102 |
|
John Slape |
37 (1627) |
29 |
|
John Springald |
Book 36 (1604—6) |
fo. 237 |
|
William Amys |
Book 37 (1607—9) |
fo. 132 |
|
Emanuel Callard |
37 |
153 |
|
Richard Love |
37 (1607) |
207 |
|
Edw. Marriney |
37 (1616) |
45 |
|
John Newman |
37 (1623) |
46 |
|
Mary Newman |
37 (1626) |
70 |
|
Nicholas Bacon |
Book for 1 616 |
112 |
|
William Bocking |
1620 |
121 |
|
Thomas Harmer |
1624 |
II |
|
Margaret Kimball |
1627 |
79 |
|
William Sadler |
1625 |
108 |
|
Henry Tyler |
1610 |
27 |
|
Catherine Wright |
1617 |
23 |
|
Richard Bennct |
1622 |
83 |
|
Stephen Cooke |
1630 |
92 |
|
William Willowby |
1630 |
37 |
|
Robert Richardson |
1631— 2 |
163 |
|
Catherine Fish |
1631 |
95—128 |
|
Joan Harmer |
1633 |
33 |
|
Robert Evered |
1635 |
57 |
|
George Mean |
1636 |
15—195 |
|
Robert Smith |
1637 |
81 |
|
John Spillman |
1649 |
29 |
|
Robert Paine |
166 1 |
141 |
|
Robert Paine |
1661 |
230 |
|
Robert Payne |
1669 |
191 |
|
Clement Mangles |
1673 |
165 p. 374 |
|
Robert Hill |
1674 |
34 P- ^7^ |
|
John Harmer |
1674 |
94 p. 86 |
|
John Miller |
1674 |
33 P- 225 |
|
Robert Maris |
1679 |
235 |
|
John Wilson |
1685 |
5 |
|
John Frary |
1686 |
48 |
|
Mary Sace |
1686 |
7 |
|
Ixxii. |
APPENDIX XL |
|
|
John RIvett |
Book for 16S9 |
69 |
|
Richard Bennett |
1691 |
42 |
|
John Walden |
1696 |
94(128) |
|
Thomas Dawson |
1697 |
83 |
|
Edward Rye |
1698—9 |
38 |
|
Robert Copland |
1701 |
113 |
|
Christopher Payne |
1704 |
13 |
|
Katherine Copland |
1705 |
28 |
|
Nicholas Frary |
1706 |
68 |
|
John Payne |
1706 |
fo. 131 |
|
Margaret Todd |
1706 |
107 |
|
Wm. Webster |
1710 |
65 |
|
Edward Rye |
1711 |
96 |
|
Robert Richardson |
1711 |
159 |
|
Edward Rye |
1713— 4 |
67 |
|
Richard Ransomc |
1715— 6 |
212 |
|
Robert Rivett |
1715— 6 |
80 |
|
John Todd |
171S— 6 |
63 |
|
Cicely Xewland |
1717-8 |
182(173?) |
|
Thos. Rye |
1721—3 |
219 |
|
Anna Howse |
1724—6 |
33 |
|
Nathaniel Smith |
1724—6 |
230 |
|
Thomas Platen |
1727 |
134 |
|
John Pye |
1727 |
206 |
|
Mary Hammon |
1729—30 |
209 |
|
John Miller |
1736—7 |
no |
|
Richard Copland |
1738—9 |
103 |
|
James Willamont |
1738—9 |
71 |
|
Rich. Bennett |
1742 |
8 |
|
John Goate |
1746—8 |
138 |
|
William Riches |
1746—8 |
240 |
|
Mary Payne |
1746—8 |
191 |
|
Robert Webb |
1746— 8 |
232 |
|
John Frarey |
1749—50 |
8 |
|
Amy Whall |
1751— 3 |
43 |
|
John Hurst |
1754—5 |
74 |
|
Ann Marshall, a wife's |
will, no |
|
|
personality |
1758—9 |
129 |
|
Ann Willament |
1760— I |
667 |
|
CROMER WILLS. |
Ixxiu. |
|||
|
John Pearson |
Book for |
1764- |
-5 |
29 |
|
Thos. Paul |
1764- |
-5 |
88 |
|
|
John Webb |
1764- |
-5 |
211 |
|
|
John Wyndham, Esq. |
1764- |
-5 |
214 |
|
|
Hannah Harvey |
1767 |
38 |
||
|
Tr>'phene Cubitt |
1768 |
II |
||
|
Anthony Ditchell |
1769 |
20 |
||
|
William Goate |
1773 |
62—70 |
||
|
William Howes |
1773 |
fo. 13 — 261 |
||
|
Philip Hook |
1773 |
32 (278) |
||
|
Christopher Todd |
1774 |
27 |
||
|
Eliz. Pank |
1774 |
73 (69) |
||
|
Eliz. wife of John Pank |
1779 |
82 (99) |
||
|
Philip Allen |
1780 |
61 (206) |
||
|
Amys wife of Robert Plumbly |
1780 |
19(155) |
||
|
John Taylor |
1783 |
5 (sent to Prerog.) |
||
|
Consistory. |
||||
|
Sir Edmund de Ufiford |
1374 |
Haydon fo, 45b |
||
|
Lawrence Draper |
1382 |
Harsyk |
fo. 199b and 291a |
|
|
John Gosselyn |
138S |
n |
||
|
Simon Chylde |
1391 |
» |
fo. 155 |
|
|
John Gr>-m, chaplain |
139(S |
» |
fo. 235 |
|
|
John Hermere |
1402 |
» |
fo. 291 |
|
|
William Tvlannisfeld (M |
anmysfcld) |
Hyrn |
ing |
I4I6 — 27 117 |
|
Robert Byshop |
fo. 151a — [Norris] |
|||
|
Clement Attewood |
Surflete |
142 |
6—36 43 |
|
|
Geoffrey Keke |
» |
42a |
||
|
John Frankon |
n |
28 |
||
|
Margaret Catelyn |
J» |
80 |
||
|
William Salman |
» |
173 |
||
|
Robert Harsyk |
„ |
I3a(adm5n) |
||
|
Richard Mileham |
Doke |
1436—44 21 |
||
|
John Cavcrard (Everard |
?) |
89 |
||
|
William Boydon |
Wilby |
1444—8 96 |
||
|
Simon Fawkener |
Aleyn |
1448-55 34 |
||
|
Simon Norman |
» |
„ 2a and b 2K |
|
Ixxiv. |
APPENDIX XI. |
|||
|
Geoffrey Gamlnscwcyn |
fo. |
1 6b |
||
|
Richd. Rudde |
fo. |
146a |
||
|
John Fctche |
Aleyn |
1448—55 |
161 |
|
|
John Blofeld |
J, |
»> |
203 |
|
|
Wilh'am WcIIe |
„ |
» |
204 |
|
|
Agnes Frerye |
» |
(admon) |
||
|
Simon Norman |
„ |
» |
(ad |
mon) |
|
Roger Catcsson |
Brosiard |
1454—65 |
166 |
|
|
John Welle |
„ |
ji |
176 |
|
|
Joan Note |
289b |
|||
|
Richard Elingham |
Cobald |
1465—8 |
41 |
|
|
William Fynne |
11 |
n |
40 |
|
|
Robert Grubbc |
» |
40 |
||
|
John Maggis |
n |
39 |
||
|
William Stronge |
» |
)} |
82 |
|
|
Robert Hayles |
Jekkys |
1464—72 |
23b |
|
|
Wm. Barker |
>» |
If |
71b |
|
|
Thomas Tu gge |
» |
1) |
80 |
|
|
William FIcgge |
» |
. . >» |
105 |
|
|
Robert Brennard (Bremand ?) „ |
167 |
|||
|
Nicholas Kaye |
» |
i> |
199 |
|
|
Edward Warde |
„ |
187 |
||
|
Richard Aleyn(s) |
,, |
»» |
266 |
|
|
Catherine widow of Richard Childe |
269 |
|||
|
William Hokcr |
Gilberd |
1472—7 |
25 |
|
|
Richard Arnold ar. |
Gelour |
1472—9 |
6 |
|
|
Roger Rcedc |
» |
170 |
||
|
John Alcyns |
Caston |
1479—87 |
91 |
|
|
Nicholas Heninge |
» |
143 |
||
|
Matilda Coze |
>» |
)? |
162 |
|
|
Margaret Penned |
» |
» |
325 |
|
|
John Bell |
Awbrye |
1479—93 |
29 |
|
|
Henry Borell |
>» |
» |
46a |
|
|
Richard Alyston |
» |
„ |
54 |
|
|
William Archer |
» |
„ 54 of Cromer |
||
|
John Bond als. Bone |
>» |
„ |
53 |
|
|
John Norfolke |
„ |
»» |
53 |
|
|
Thomas Pccoke |
)« |
56 |
||
|
Edward Thornham |
„ |
53 |
|
CROMER WILLS. |
Ixxv. |
||
|
Richard Brandon |
Norman |
1486—92 21 |
[Noted |
|
N. E. |
. P- 194] |
||
|
Robert Hert |
,, |
» |
9 |
|
Kath. w**. of Roger (?) Rede |
- (> |
15 |
|
|
Thomas Sautre |
,, |
>j |
9 |
|
Alice Hoker |
Wolman |
1488—96 |
237 |
|
Robert Haylys |
Multon |
1495— 1515 |
64 |
|
Robert Strongc |
Sayve |
1498—9 |
9 |
|
Thomas Alulton |
j» |
>» |
40 |
|
John Hunt |
Wighte |
1499—1500 |
47 |
|
John Spincke (Spynk; |
Cage |
1500 |
188 |
|
R. Brese |
„ |
» |
207 |
|
William Alison |
Popye |
1501— 4 |
334 |
|
Henry Gamilgey |
„ |
„ |
370 |
|
Isabel ^vlason |
„ |
» |
243 |
|
Walter Bright |
Rix |
1504—7 |
67 |
|
Robert Ball |
» |
>» |
99 |
|
Robert Wardc |
>» |
» |
114 |
|
John Wardc |
„ |
»» |
114 |
|
Andrew Wawys |
„ |
„ |
205 |
|
Simon Fawkner |
Spiltimber |
1507—10 |
2 |
|
William. Moulton |
Johnson |
1 5 10— 3 |
66 |
|
Thomas Makke |
Moulton |
1495—1515 |
66 |
|
Thos. Multon |
Johnson |
1510— 1513 |
66a |
|
John Anderson |
Coffinger |
1513—20 |
146 |
|
Henry Shell |
» |
„ |
145 |
|
Thomas Bradfcild |
Gyles |
1 5 17— 8 |
128 |
|
Roger Fyope |
Alablaster |
1520—3 |
31 |
|
Nicholas Fawkencr |
>» |
» |
159 |
|
Thomas Bradfeldc |
Pal grave |
1517—30 |
209 |
|
Agnes IMulton |
„ |
II |
51 |
|
[Noted N. |
E., 194] |
||
|
John Smythe |
» |
1517—30 |
217 |
|
Thomas Warner |
» |
„ |
141 |
|
Agnes White |
» |
„ |
207 |
|
Hugh Overman |
Grunsburgh |
1524—6 |
45 |
|
Agnes jMowlton (Multon) |
Attmer |
1528—46 |
283 |
|
John Preter |
Platfoote |
1533—5 |
97 |
|
Cecily Barker |
Daynes |
1535—48 |
73 |
Ixxvi.
Richard Blofyld
Robert Clarke
David Johnson
Thomas Hutton
The. Tompson als. Barker
John Spilman
Robert Ruston
Johanna Spilman
Eliz. Thomson als. Barker
William Miller
Thomas Robkin
William Colbecke
Isabella Cloyte
Robert Blofild
John England
Thomas iNlaveman
Robert Underwood, gen,
Thomas Daynes
John Pye als. Shipden
Richard Bcnnet
Wm. Richardson als. Riches
Thomas Fishman
Henry Kymball
Eliz. Chapman
James Underwood
John Thetford
Thomas Rcymes
Ann I\Iatchett
Andrew IMarsyc
John Bennett
Thomas Bans
Lancelott Feazer
Robert Thrower
Ellen Bushe
Jeremy Baron (Bacon ?)
Martha Payne
William Mordew
Joan Mordew
Richard Dev
|
APPENDIX XI. |
||||
|
Daynes |
1535- |
-40 |
248b |
|
|
» |
I) |
232 |
||
|
» |
„ |
186 |
||
|
V/ymer |
1547- |
-9 |
346 |
|
|
Wclman |
1549- |
-50 |
18 |
|
|
Coraunte |
1550- |
-I |
19 |
|
|
» |
„ |
2CC |
||
|
Walpoolc |
1554- |
~5 |
112 |
|
|
Bcccles |
1555 |
100 |
||
|
Veysey |
1558 |
165 227 |
||
|
Knights |
1563- |
-4 |
131 |
|
|
Martyn |
1564- |
-5 |
192 |
|
|
Ponder |
1568- |
-9 |
86 |
|
|
Woodstocke |
1578—9 |
30 |
||
|
Mower |
1584 |
43 |
||
|
Howes |
1587- |
-8 |
205 |
|
|
Flack |
1589- |
-90 |
512 |
|
|
Andrewes |
1591 |
125 |
||
|
Fade |
1597 |
25 |
||
|
; Peck |
1599 |
182 |
||
|
London |
1605 1626 |
129 468 |
||
|
1627 |
no |
numbers |
||
|
Pergall |
163 1 1633 1636 1639 n 1642 165 1 n » 1660 1661 1674 1676 1680 |
>» |
40 II 41 164 435 64 255 177 |
|
|
1700— |
■I |
3 (247) |
|
CROMER WILLS. |
Ixxvii. |
||
|
William Ashmorc cicr. |
1712— 3 |
213(162) |
|
|
Henry Overton |
File 2c6 |
Book 296 |
1720 |
|
Martha Payne |
20S |
299 |
„ |
|
Mathew Panke |
41 |
40 |
1722 |
|
Vincent Carter |
6 |
4 |
1723 |
|
John Frary |
229 |
155 |
„ |
|
Frances Pank |
30 |
37 |
1731 |
|
Nicholas Whall |
40 |
29 |
1732 |
|
Clement Atcheson |
2 |
I |
1733 |
|
Dianna Atcheson |
30 |
34 |
|
|
Richard Thompson |
4 |
2 |
„ |
|
Ann Tompson |
165 |
16S |
1735 |
|
William Cook |
37 |
28 |
^71^ |
|
William Killington |
106 |
98 |
„ |
|
Ann Plattin |
69 |
89 |
1739 |
|
James Pearson |
86 |
109 |
» |
|
Ann Payne |
156 |
200 |
„ |
|
Robert IMangles |
105 |
108 |
1748 |
|
Ann Barney |
91 |
73 |
1750 |
|
Edward Stagcman |
138 |
193 |
1751 |
|
Eliz. Miller wife of John |
105 |
125 |
1752 |
|
John Sussin |
146 |
256 |
1753 |
|
Martha Goatc |
40 |
76 |
1759 |
|
Robert Allen |
53 |
104 |
1760 |
|
Benj. Leak |
70 |
96 |
1774 |
|
William James |
83 |
112 |
1779 |
|
Eliz. Corke |
48 |
77 |
17S6 |
|
Sidney Terry |
47 |
86 |
1796 |
Ixxviii. APPENDIX XII.
12. ^bmiiusiratians.
The following are all Cromer and Shipdcn in this period.
1549, 12 Oct. Glover Robert to Walter Glover (no relation given). 1577, 16 Sept. Ferryman John to Margaret, relict.
J579» 13 ^'ov. Neivman Cecily to Ambrose Brome, next of kin. '57l» 25 Sept. Sadler Richard to Joan, relict.
1582, 15 Sept. Shay ]o\m to }.Iargerie, relict.
1 581, 10 April. Ne-ajmari John to William, his brother,
1583, 22 Sept. Boyse Alargaret to John Boysc and Catherine
Payne, next of kin. 1586, 16 Feb. SJiortinge ]\Iargaret to Robert Munson, her son. 1586, 16 IMar. Eger Agnes to Tho. Ixforthe nephew and next
of kin. 1589, 31 May. Daynes John to Joan, relict.
1589, 22 April. Ferryman to Tho. Kylbie, next of kin.
1590, 22 Sept. Betts John to Thomas Rooke, of Paston, kinsman.
1591, 28 March. Munson William to Joan, relict. 1593. 14 Jan. CannelL Thomas to Katherine, relict.
1593, 27 Feb. Comforte Richard to Margaret, relict.
1594, 28 Sept. Christmas Edmund to jMargerie, relict 1594, 28 Aug. Adkyns Agnes to William Ward, son in law. 1594, 23 Nov. Amys alias Johnson , widow, to William and
Thomas Amys, her sons. 1597, 20 Dec. Appleby Richard, goods unadm. by Cecily his executrix, to Elizabeth Chapman, alias x\ppleby, next of kin.
1597, 6 June. Pyckeringe William to Frances, r^Iargaret, Elizabeth,
and Jane, daughters,
1598, I Feb. Richardson William to Anne, relict.
1598, 6 Nov. Ozi'les Edmund, of Cromer alias Shipden, to Eliza- beth, relict. 1601, 13 Jan. Szi'an Oliver to Beatrice, relict.
ADMINISTRATIONS. Ixxix.
1603, 14 Nov. Short Arthur to Alice, relict.
1603, 14 Dec. Rye William, goods left unadministcred.
1606, 26 May. Wcctingc John to Agnes, relict.
1606, 15 July. Picrdy Emma, widow, to Agnes Purdy, her
daughter, singlewoman.
1607, 7 Aug. Peter William to Agnes, relict.
1608, 6 June. Sare Jane, widow, to ^largaret Bucksher, widow. l6ii, 16 Dec. Fishinan Thomas to Emma, relict.
16 1 2, 23 June. Fis/i Richard to Agnes, relict. 1612,15 Feb. Brozvne Edward to Alice, relict.
161 3, 20 April. Packman Agnes to Dionisia Le alias Packman
and Margerie Packman, her daughters. 1613, 9 Nov. Chapman Thomas to Elizabeth, relict. 1615, 15 June. Cooper ]o\\Vl to Elizabeth, relict.
161 5, 13 Oct Watson Lancelot, of Cromer alias Shipden, to
Elizabeth, relict.
1616, 6 July, Marryner Robert to Katherine, relict.
1617, 19 Dec, Masse Andrew to , relict.
Admon. Consistory, 4 Nov., 1571. John Vynysher, oi Cromer, to Alice, relict — appeared by her proctor, Richard Fenne, of Cromer.
9 April, 1572, Edmund Love, oi Cromer alias Shipden, cited for contumacy in not appearing at suit of William Bacon, of Cromer, for defamation,
Admon, Consistory, 23 Jan., 1574. William Prater, of Cromer alias Shipden, to Robert Prater, the son.
Admon. Consis., 27 Jan., 1573. Agnes WiUe, of Cromer (unad- ministcred by Walter Wylde, her executor), to Robert Wilde, next of kin, Joan Wilde renouncing.
Admon. Consis., 7 Dec, 1574. Nicholas God/rje, of Cromer, to Agnes, relict. (mem, vacat, because Prerogative Court granted admon.)
In Consist Rcgr., Aleyn, 9 July, 1453, William Atteu.>ell, of Shipden, admon to Simon Gerard, of Runton, and Wm. Pelle, of Rowghton, under the supcr\-ision of Geoffrey Gamyeweye, vicar of Shipden.
Jacobus Hardyman, 22 Aug, 1552, to William, his brother, and Katherine, wife of John Swanton, his sister.
IXXX. APPENDIX XII.
Walter Glover, ii Jan., 1552, to Cecily, wife of Thomas rvlagun, his
sister. (Robert :\Ius\vhytc, of Cromer, procurator.) Johanna Barker, 16 April, 1555, to John Barker, person, Admon. Consist., 14 Feb. 156S. William Wilde, of Cromer, to
John, his son, and Wilh'am Warde. Admon. Consist, 12 Feb., 1567, and repeated 30 I^.Iarch, 1568.
Gregory Smith, of Cromer, to ]\Iargery, his relict. Admon. Consist, 7 Oct., 1566. William Arnolde, of Cromer, to
William, his son. Admon. Conist, 15 Feb., 1575, Jacobus Appelbie, of Cromer, to
Elizabeth Appelbie, the sister (by Thomas Jenkins, of
Cromer, her proctor). Admon. Consist, 5 April, 1578. John Haj-loixje clerk, vicar of
Cromer, to William Arnoldc, jnr., of Binham. Admon. Consist, 26 March, 157S. Alice Hilder, of Cromer,
widow, to Alice Tutlye, prox^ consang^ Admon. Consist, 24 Sept, 1571. Agnes Lambe, of Cromer, to
Prudence, wife of Henry Drorgc, daughter of deceased. Bycroft Avice, widow, 21 Nov., 1612, to — Sace, of Cromer,
nephew. Powle George, of Cromer alias Shipdham, 26 Oct, 1616, to Andrew
Carr, a creditor. Payne Christopher, 7 Oct, 1623, to John, his son. Goddard Robert 23 Dec, 1561, to Robert Goddard, Thomas
Deyns, Simon Deynes, and IMargaret Deynes.
MARRIAGE LICENSES. Ixxxi.
13- |Hiran:c]:e ^"iatrscs-
Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 9 ^lay, 1564. John Dobbes, of Blakeney,
and Grace Colbcck, of Cromer, at Blakenc}-. Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 31 July, 1570. John Thompson, of
Horstead, and Rachel Tabbe, of Cromer, at Wickmere. Marr. lie, 17 July, 1571, Bp. of Norwich. Henr\' Nicholas, rector
of Gunthorp, and Anne Reymes, of Cromer. Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 1 1 Jan, 1571. John Biou'e/dd, of Cromer,
and Mary Grcne, of Knapton. Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 9 ?^Iarch, 1571. Christr. A^eve, of
Cromer, and Mary Darbye, of Necton, at St. Giles',
Norwich. Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 31 July, 1572. Nicholas Hazvard, of
Cromer, gent, and Margaret Baxter, of Great Snoring. Marr. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 2 July, 1575. Matthew Atkynson and
Agnes Godfrey, of Cromer, at Cromer. Mar. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 20 Oct., 1582. Henry Hydes, of Eccles,
Suffolk^ yeoman, and Katherine Chambers, of Cromer,
widow. Mar. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 27 Jan., 158*. John Whittbie, of
Cromer, sailor, and Cecily Ellwyn of the same, widow. Mar. lie, Bp. of Norwich, 19 Jan., 1586. Robert Swanne, of
Cromer, miller, and Aviary Sterne of the same, spinster ;
Robert Swanne, sen., of Blickling, tailor, and the above
Robert Swanne, jnr., were bondsmen. Above are the only Cromer names in Marriage Licenses from i
Aug., 1581, to 19 March, 15S8.
2L
Ixxxii. APPENDIX XIV
14. ©be C)rnitb0lo0n, 6colag!), nnb |jot3;n2 of Cromer.
I. ON ORNITHOLOGY.
By J. H. GURXEY, jiin., Monher of the BrUish Ornithologists Union.
Most of our common British land-birds arc found in the neigh- bourhood of Cromer, if not actually in the parish. In the woods on the hills the Nightjar is common in summer, and near the G. E. railway station, there always are in the summer a pair or two of Red-backed Shrikes. Sand Martins nest in the cliffs, and Swifts in the church steeple : Swallows and Martins, everybody's favour- ites, abound in summer ; but the Nightingale is not so common as further inland, and the Cuckoo is, comparatively speaking, rare.
The town of Cromer is in one of the best positions in England for observing the autumnal migration of birds from Scandinavia to this country. At the end of August Redstarts and Wheatears begin to arrive, followed in September by Whitcthroats, Whinchats, Willow Warblers, &c. ; but these are, as it were, but the heralds of the main part of the army which comes across the sea and finds safety on our shores in October and November, consisting of Sky- larks, Grey Crows, Rooks, Thrushes, Redwings, Fieldfares, Wood- cocks, S:c., with a good many Hawks and Owls, and a sprinkling of Buzzards and other large birds of prey. Occasionally a great rarity turns up, such as a Scop's Owl, Scops Gin, or Tengmalm's Owl, Nyctala taiginaliii, and dashes itself against the lighthouse, or attracted by its fatal rays flutters round the panes of glass until caught. Some of the lighthouse-keepers, who have at difterent times been stationed at Cromer, have curious stories to tell of
ORNITHOLOGY. Ixxxiii.
misty nights, when bewildered migrants, which had lost their way, swarmed round the lantern until they almost obscured its light
In October, 1 871, as the Principal of the Lighthouse satin his lantern-turret, he heard two birds strike the glass about two a.m. ; they proved to be Starlings, and from that time a continual stream of Larks and Starlings kept coming until five o'clock, allowing themselves to be caught by hand/nils. There was little wind, but what little there was came from the north, from which direction they seemed to come. We had another very similar scene in October, 1S74, when 724 Starlings, 151 Skylarks, i Blackbird, and 5 Thrushes were caught in two consecutive nights.
It is, however, an undoubted fact that when there is wind, birds fly against it, and this is nowhere better exemplified than by the Gulls at Cromer. Day after day in the autumn, they may be seen wending their way past the town, and if the wind is from the west, as it generally is at that time of the year, the Gulls are sure to be going west.
Now and then a gale comes, and multitudes are to be seen struggling against it, hugging the shore, and even flying over the lighthouse hills.
A cursory examination will show that they are chiefly Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Herring Gulls, v.-ith now and then a few other sorts. By standing at the end of Cromer jetty, with a pair of binoculars, Glaucous Gulls may occasionally be identified by their creamy appearance, and Skuas of three species by their blackness, as contrasted with the Gulls, but all going in the same direction.
I took the trouble one day in October to stand on the shore and count how many passed, and in two hours by my watch, com- mencing at 3.20 p.m., 750 Gulls passed all close in shore, and flying against the wind in the direction of Blakeney. When I left the shore at 5.20, the flocks were passing as steadily as ever, and every flock took exactly the same course.
Other rarities which have visited Cromer, or been killed within a very short distance of it, are the Sea Eagle (twice), Waxwing, Hoopoe, Sand Grouse, Stork, Storm Petrel, Caspian Tern (?), the Shag, and Velvet Scoter ; and among species of less note may be mentioned the Gannet and Guillemot — which are sometimes washed up after storms — the Bridled Guillemot (once), the Razor-
Ixxxiv. APPENDIX XIV.
bill, and the Great Crested Grebe, as well as eight species of Gulls, and the Red-throated Diver, or " Sprat-loon," as it is sometimes called by fishermen.
Further particulars of some of these are to be found in the pages of the transactions of the Norwich Naturalists' Society (Fletcher and Son), and in the " Zoologist," and in the " Birds of Norfolk," of which the third volume is now in the press, under the editorship of Mr. T. Southwell.
2. THE GEOLOGY.
By CLEMENT RE ID, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Space will not allow us to give a full account of the Geology of Cromer ; but certain portions of the strata are of such exceptional interest, that the geology cannot be overlooked in any work pro- fessing to describe the district. Cromer is of such importance in the study of certain comparatively recent chapters in the ancient history of the earth, that its cliffs will be found alluded to in every geological manual.
The foundation rock is everywhere Chalk. This occupies part of the low cliff at Weybourn and Shcrringham, but sinks beneath the sea-level at Cromer, and at r\Iundcsley is at least 30 feet down. Immediately above the Chalk are found alternations of freshwater, estuarine, and shore deposits known as the Crag and Cromer Forest-bed. Then follows a thick mass of contorted beds, full of far-transported erratic blocks, brought together during the Glacial Epoch. These are piled to a height of 200 or 250 feet above the Chalk; hills and valleys have been cut out of them, and it is to the glacial deposits that the picturesqucness of the scenery near Cromer is due.
Tabulated, the beds seen on tlie coast near Cromer may be represented thus : —
Alluvium (recent and pre-historic).
Valley Gravels (with Palaeolithic implements and bones of Mammoth).
THE GEOLOGY. Ixxxv.
Glacial Deposits.
Forest-bed Scries.
Wcybourn Crag.
Chalk.
Of these it will only be necessary to describe the beds for which Cromer is so famous — the Glacial Deposits and the Cromer Forest- bed.*
When storms scour away the beach, and remove the rubbish which accumulates at the foot of the soft, rapidly wasting cliff, bones of very large mammals are often found. These are im- bedded in laminated clays, sands, and gravel, evidently the deposit of an ancient estuary, for, mixed with the bones, is much drift wood and an occasional seam of mussels. In other places lacustrine clays are seen, full of freshwater shells, seeds, and teeth of pike and scales of perch. Occasionally one even finds ancient vegetable soils, in which roots can still be traced. The whole of these old deposits — older than any of the hills near Cromer — are commonly known as the Cromer Forest-bed, though the name is not a very appropriate one.
Of late years the fossils of the Cromer Forest-bed have been very carefully collected and studied, so that we can now form a very good idea of its natural history. One of the first things that strikes us is the abundance of large game in Norfolk at this period. We find the bones of three species of elephant and two of rhinoce- ros, all now extinct ; a hippopotamus, like that now inhabiting the rivers of Africa ; more than a dozen species of deer, all extinct except one or two ; two species of horse, one of which is extinct ; the bison, apparently the same as that still lingering in Europe ; a sheep, or " ]\Iouflon," different from any known elsewhere ; the beaver ; and a gigantic extinct beaver, which seems at one time also to have inhabited the shores of the Caspian Sea. Mixed with these are occasional bones of the carnivora, though they are com- paratively rare. We find the bear, h>-2na, sabre-toothed tiger i^Machacrodns), wolf, and wolverine. Besides this there are nume- rous small mammals, most of which, though not all, are still living. Bones of the walrus, seal, narwhal, dolphin, and several large whales have also been found in the mud of this ancient estuary.
• A full account of the geolo^ of Cromer will be SDund in the "Memoirs of the Geological Survey— Geology of Cromer" (1SS2).
Ixxxvi. APPENDIX XIV.
At first we should be inclined to imagine that all these larje animals must have needed a tropical climate. But the trees associated with them are nearly all such as now live in Norfolk, and the few not found in Norfolk live in similar latitudes on the Continent. There is the oak, beech, elm, hazel, alder, birch, willow, hornbeam, Scotch pine, and spruce. Amonc^ the herba- ceous plants, aquatic species, as we should expect, are the best represented. They also are familiar Norfolk plants, the principal exception being the water chestnut ( Trapa natans), a very curious and conspicuous plant still lingering? in the south of Sweden.
After the close of the Forest-bed period the climate became colder, till the whole country was wrapped under a sheet of ice and snow, as Greenland is at the present day. The increase of the cold seems to have exterminated most of the large animals, many of which could probably neither adapt themselves to the changed conditions, nor escape to a more genial climate. h\. any rate a large number of them have not yet been found in anymore modern deposit than the Cromer Forest-bed. The gradual incoming of the Glacial Epoch is very interesting to trace, but to condense the history of periods reaching to many thousands of years into a feu- lines is an impossible task, and we must pass on.
As we continue our exploration of the cliffs, we find lying be- tween the Forest-bed and the confused mass of glacial deposits, a bed, in which the incoming of an Arctic climate before the country was actually buried under ice and snow can be clearly traced. Here and there in this bed patches of clay with fossil leaves have been found. One was seen at Beeston, and another immediately north of Mundesley. This bed might be thought merely to be part of the Forest-bed. But when it is carefully examined, one is struck by the entire absence of any trace of forest trees in it. The leaves it contains all belong to the Arctic willow {Salix polaris) and Arctic birch {Betnla nana), both dwarf shrubs a few inches high, which clothe the bleak wastes within the Arctic circle.
Anyone examining the coast near Cromer, cannot fail to be struck by the extraordinary want of regularity in the beds seen in the cliff. Everything is contorted, twisted, and mixed, in what not many years since .seemed to be a most inexplicable fashion. In one place one sees a mass of Boulder Clay — unstratified clay, full of angular stones and fragments of chalk. In another there is a
THE GEOLOGY. Ixxxvii.
bed of gravel, bent till it takes the form of an S- I" still a third, one finds enormous masses of Chalk, many yards long, but quite detached from the solid rock, and very much shattered.
Pick out a few of the stones from the Boulder Clay, and most of them will be found to be curiously grooved, scratched, and polished, in a way that only ice is able to do. Break the stones, and they are found to belong to rocks which are unknown, except as such " erratics," anywhere within many miles of Norfolk. When these rocks are traced to the original districts from which they have come, we find that there is a most extraordinary mixture. There is red Chalk, like that of Flamborough ; Lias and Oolites full of Ammonites and Belemnites from near Whitby and Scar- borough ; Coal, Carboniferous Limestone, and Basalt, probably from Northumberland ; and Gneiss, Mica-schist, Granite, and numerous igneous rocks, that most likely have travelled from Scandinavia. Nearly everything seems to have come from a northerly or easterly direction — transported partly by coast ice and icebergs, partly by glaciers — till everything was mixed, and finally deposited in Norfolk as a sort of enormous moraine.
In the streets of Cromer a good many large erratics are pre- served, being used to protect the corners of the roads. Most of them are basalt, but there are also some of gneiss. On the shore one may find a considerable variety of minerals derived from the Boulder Clay. Among the most abundant are agates and corne- lians, which probably once filled cavities in the lavas. In blocks of mica-schist, garnets can often be seen ; but these, though very large, are always opaque and of bad colour.
Two other minerals found on the beach at Cromer must be mentioned. They are the jet and amber which are so often thrown up after easterly winds. From what bed these were originally derived is still a doubtful point ; for though jet can often be found in the Cromer F"orest-bcd, yet it is always in the condition of rolled fragments, apparently washed out of some older deposit. The amber seems to be quite undistinguishable from that of the Baltic, and contains similar fossil insects.
Though jet and amber do not occur on the Baltic coast asso- ciated together, as they do at Cromer, yet there seems good reason to believe that the amber is merely the resin which formerly exuded from the peculiar pine tree, the wood of which is now con-
Ixxxviil. APPENDIX XIV.
verted into jet. If very thin sections of the jet are cut, the black- ness disappears, and the jet becomes transparent and of a beautiful umber colour, in some of the pieces nothing else can be seen, but in others the texture of the wood is perfectly preserved, and it is always found to be that of the wood of pine.
To assist the student who wishes to go more deeply into the study of the geology of Cromer, a list of the principal works rela- ting to the immediate neighbourhood is given.
1S27. Taylor R. C. Notice respecting the Appearance of Fossil Timber on the Norfolk Coast. Trans. Geol. Soc, series 2, vol. ii., p. 2-7-
On the Geology of East Norfolk. Phil. Maq:, series 3, vol. i., pp.
277, 3-|6. Reprinted, with additions, in a separate form. ovo.
London. 1829. Woodward S. The Geology of Norfolk in J. Chambers. A General History of the County of Norfolk. 2 vols, 8vo. Norwich.
A letter (to Dr. Fitton) respecting some remarkable Fossil Remains
found near Cromer. Proc. Geol. Soc, vol. i., p. 93.
1833- Lyell (Sir) C. Principles of Geology, vol. iii., Svo. London. (Many later
editions.) Woodward S. An Ouiiine of the Geology of Norfolk. 4to and Svo. Norwich.
1S35. Bakewell R. On the Fossil Remains of Elephants and other large Mammaha found in Norfolk. Mas;. Nat. Hist., vol. ix., p. 37.
1837- Lyell (Sir) C. Elements of Geology, edition i., Svo. London.
1840.
On the Boulder Formation, or drift and associated Freshwater
Deposits, composing the Mud Cliffs of Eastern Norfolk. Phil. Mag., series 3, vol. xvi., p. 345.
184;. Trimmer J. On the Cliffs of Northern Drift on the Coast of Norfolk, between Weybourne and Happisburgh. Quart. Joiirit. Geol. Soc, vol. i., p, 218.
1846. Owen (Sir) R. A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds. Svo. London.
1848— 1882. Wood S. F. The Crag MoUusca. 4to. Pala:ontographical Soc.
1S60. Rose C. B. On the Divisions of the Drift in Norfolk and Su.Tjlk. Geologist, vol. iii., p. 137.
THE GEOLOGY. Ixxxix.
1863. Lyell (Sir) C. The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, with an Outline of Glacial and Post-Tertiary Geolo^-. Svo, London. Eds. 2 and 3 in the same year; ed. 4 in 1S73.
1864. Gunn Rev. J. A Sketch of the Geology of Norfolk (reprinted from White's History and Directory). Svo. Sheffield.
1865. Falconer Dr. H. On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occurring in the Fossil State in Great Britain. Part 2 (Elephant.) Quart. Joiirn. Geol. Sac, vol xxi., p. 253. Wood S. v., jun. A Map of the Upper Tertiaries in the Counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, etc. (with Sections and Remarks in Explanation,, in Svo.) Privately printed. Abstract in Quart. Joiirn. Geol. Soc, vol. xxi., p. 141.
1868. Falconer Dr. H. Palaeontological Memoirs and Notes. \'ol. ii., Svo. London. Fisher Rev. O. On the Denudations of Norfolk. (Brit. Assoc.) Geol. Mag., vol. v., p. 544.
1870. Gunn Rev. J, On the Relative Position of the Forest-bed and Chillesford Clay in Norfolk and Suffolk, and on the real Position of the Forest^'Bed. Quart, yourn. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvi., p. 551. 1871. Prestwich (Prof.) J. On the Structure of the Crag-beds of Suffolk and Norfolk. Part III., The Norwich Crag and Westleton Beds. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. x.Kvii., p. 452.
1872. Bell A. and R. On the English Crags and the Stratigraphical Divisions indi- cated by their Invertebrate Fauna. Proc Geol. Assoc, vol. ii.. No. 5, p. 185.
1873.
Nathorst (Prof.) A. On the Distribution of Arctic Plants during the Post-
Glacial Epoch. Journ. of Botany, new ser., vol. ii., p. 225.
1874.
Dawkins (Prof.) W. B. Cave Hunting. Svo. London.
Geikie (Prof.) J. The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of
Man. Svo. London. Ed. 2 in 1S77.
1877. Harmer F. W. The Testimony of the Rocks in Norfolk. Svo. London.
Norton H. The Forest-bed of East Norfolk. (Norwich Geol. Soc.) Norwich
Mercury, May 5th. Reid C. On the Succession and Classitication of the Beds between the Chalk and the Lower Boulder Clay in the Neighbourhood of Cromer. Geol. Mag., dec. ii., vol. iv., p. 300.
2M
XC APPENDIX XIV.
Wood S. v., jun., and F. \V. Harmer, Obsen-ations on the Later Tertiary Geology of East Anglia. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.y vol. xxxiii., p. 74. 1877— iSSi. Adams (Prof.) A. L. Monograph on the British Fossil Elephants. Palczonto- graphical Soc. 4to. LontLm.
18S0. Dawkins (Prof) W. B. Early Man in Britain and his Place in the Tertiary Period. 8vo. London.
Fisher Rev. O. On the Cromer Cliffs. GcoL Ma^., dec. ii., vol. vii. p. 147-
18S0— 1SS2. R,eid C. The Glacial Deposits of Cromer, zh'J, p. 55.
Classification of the Phocene and Pleistocene Beds, zo/d, p. 548.
Sandberger Dr. C. L. F. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der unterpleistociinen
Schichten Englands. Palceonto^raphica. 4to. Woods, v., jun. The Newer Pliocene Period in England. Part I. Quart. Joiirn. Geol. Soc, vol. xxxvi., p. 457.
The Glacial Deposits of Cromer. Geol. Mag., dec ii., vol. vii.,
p. 189.
1880— 1S82. Newton E. T. Notes on the Vertebrata of the Pre-Glacial Forest-bed Series of the East of England, ibid, pp. 152, 424, 447; vol. viii., pp. 256, 315; vol. ix., pp. 7, 112.
1881. Blake J. H. Address on the Age and Relations of the so-called Forest-bed of the Norfolk and Suffolk Coast. Proc. Norwich Geol. Soc, vol. i., part v., p. 137.
18S2. Newton E. T. The Vertebrata of the Forest-bed Series of Norfolk and
Suffolk. Memoirs of the Geological Survey. 8vo, Reid C. The Geology of the Country around Cromer, ibid.
Section of the Norfolk Cliffs, from Happisburgh, through Cromer to
Weybourn. Sheet 127, Horizontal Sections and Explanation. Svo. Geological Survey.
Wood S. v., jun. The Newer Pliocene Period in England. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxxviii., p. 667.
1884.
Reid C. On Norfolk Amber. Trans. Xorf. Nat. Soc, vol. iii., p. 6or.
On recent Additions to the Fauna and Flora of the Cromer Forest- bed, ibid, p. 632.
1886.
Newton E. T. A contribution to the History of the Cetacea of the Norfolk Forest-bed. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xlii., p. 316.
Reid C. On the Flora of the Cromer Forest-bed. Trans. Norf. Nat. Soc, vol. iv., p. 189.
THE BOTANY. xci.
18S7. Woodward H. B. The Geolo-y of England and Wales. 8vo. Londjn. Edit. 2.
1 888. Reid C. Notes on the Geological History of the Recent Flora of Britain. Ann. Botany, vol. ii., p. 178.
La Geologic de la Region du Crag et des CCtes du Norfolk. Congres
GioL hiternat. — Explications dcs Excursions, pp. 178 — 199, 8vo.
London.
3- THE BOTANY, Etc.
By Miss A. M. BARNARD.
Ranunculus acris L. \
repens L. | all abundant about Cromer ; also
bulbosus L. ) Flammula L., sparingly. Papaver Argemone L. ^
hybridum L. j all on roadside from Cromer to Runton ; i and
Rhaeas L. f 2 rare,
dubium L. j
Fumaria capreolata L., road to Felbrigg.
officinalis L., common. Nasturtium officinale R. Br,, rare. Sisymbrium officinale Scop, common.
Sophia L. Alliaria officinalis Andr., abundant. Erysimum Cheiranthoides L. Brassica Napus L. Sinapis arvensis L. Draba verna L.
Thlaspi arvense L., occasionally. Lepidium Smithii Hook, occasionally.
ruderale L., on the cliffs. Capsella Bursa pastoris D.C. Senebiera Coronopus Poiret. Reseda lutea L. I j^^^^.^^^
Luteola L. j Helianthemum voilgare Gasrt, gravelly hills.
xcii. APPENDIX XIV.
Viola canina L., common, tricolor L., common. Polygala vulgaris L., common. Silene anglica L., sandy fields ; rare, inflata Sm., common, conica L., margins of sandy fields ; ran noctitlora L., sandy fields. Lychnis Vespertina Sibth.
diurna Sibth, common. Githago Lam, very common. Sagina procumbcns L. apetala Hard. Honckenya peploides Ehrh, the beach. Maehringia trinervis Claire, common. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Stellaria media Wither. Holostea L. graminea L. Cerastium glomeratum Thuil. triviale Link, arvense L. Malva sylvestris L.
rotundifolia L. Hypericum quadrangulum L., rare, perforatum L. pulchrum L. Acer campestre L. Geranium pusillum L. dissectum L. molle L. robertianum L. Erodium cicutarium Sm. Linum angustifolium Huds, the clift's ; rare^
catharticum L., common. Oxalis AcetoscUa L. Euonymus europceus L. Ulex europceus L. nanus Forst. Sarothamnus scoparius Rock \ Ononis arvensis r common.
campestris I
Medicago sylvestris Fries, not uncommon, falcata L., hedge banks, etc. lupulina L., common. Melilotus officinalis Willd, occasionally. Trifolium pratense L.
THE BOTANY.
Trifolium an-ensc L., abundant.
scabrum L., occasionally.
repens L.
procumbens L.
minus Sm. Lotus corniculatus L.
major Scop, occasionally. Vicia Cracca L. sativa L. Lathyrus pratensis L., very common. Ornithopus perpusillus L,, very common. Prunus spinosa L. Spiroea Ulmaria L. Agrimonia Eupatoria L. Alchemilla arvensis L. Potentilla anserina L.
argentea L., rarely.
reptans L.
Tormentilla Nest.
fragariastrum Ehrh. Fragaria vcsca L. Rubus cor>'lifolius Sm.
coesius L. Geum urbanum L. Rosa tomentosa Sm., rarely, rubiginosa L., common, canina L. arvensis Hudson. Crataegus Oxyacantha L. Pyrus iVIalus L. Lythrum Salicaria L. Epilobium hirsutum L. montanum L. palustre L., rare. Circaea lutetiana L., Felbrigg road, not sure if in Cromer parish. Bryonia dioica L. Lepigonum rubrum Wahlb. Spergula arvensis L., a pest in fields. Scleranthus annuus L., sandy fields. Tillaea muscosa L., occasionally. Sedum Telephium L.
acre L. Saxifraga tridactylites L., walls. Helosciadium nodiflorum K., ditches — rare. JEgopod'mm Podagraria L. Bunium flexuosum With.
APPENDIX XIV.
Pimpinella Saxifmga L. yEthusa Cynapium L. Pastinaca sativa L. Heracleum Sphondylium L. Daucus Carota L. Torilis Anthriscus Gaert.
nodosa Gaert, common. Scandix Pecten — Veneris L., fields. Anthriscus vulgaris Pers. Chosrophyllum temulum L., commoa. Conium maculatum L., common. Hedera Helix L. Comus sanguinea L. Sambucus nigra L. Lonicera Penclymenum L. Sherardia arvensis L. Galium cruciatum, With, aparine L. Mollugo L. verum L. saxatile L. Knautia arvensis Coult. Eupatorium cannabinum L., wet ditches. Tussilago Farfara L. Erigeron acris L. Bellis perennis L.
Pulicaria dysenterica Gaert., wet ditches. Achillsea Millefolium L. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. Matricaria inodora L. Artemisia vulgaris L. Tanacetum vulgare L., hedge banks. Filago germanica L.
minima Fr., cornfields. Gnaphalium uliginosum L., rare. Senecio vulgaris L.
sylvaticus L., common. Carlina vulgaris L., abundant. Centaurea nigra L.
Cyanus L. scabiosa L. Carduus nutans L.
tenuiflorus Curt, lanceolatus L. arvensis Curt, palustris L.
THE BOTANY. XCV.
Carduus acauHs L., cliffs.
Lapsana communis L.
Cichorium Intybus L., roadsides, etc.
Hypochceris radicata L.
Apargia hispida Wiild.
autumnalis Willd. Tragopogon pratensis L. Lactuca virosa L., occasionally. Leontodon Taraxacum L. Sonchus oleraceus L.
asper Hoftm.
arvensis L. Crepis viridis L. Hieracium PiloscUa L. Campanula rotundifolia L. Specularia hybrida D.C, cornfields Erica cinerea L. Calluna vulgaris Salisb. Ilex Aquifolium L., (?) wild in hedges. Ligustrum vulgare L, Fraxinus excelsior L. Erythra^a Centaurium Pers., common. Convolvulus arvensis L.
sepium L., rare. Cynoglossum officinale L., roadside occasionally Lycopsis arvensis L. Echium vulgare L., abundant. Myosotis palustris With., rare.
arvensis Hoffm. Solanum nigrum L.
Dulcamara L. Hyocyamus niger L., occasionally. Orobanche elatior Lutt., abundant. Verbascum Thapsus L. Linaria Elatine J.IilL, cornfields
minor Desf., cornfields.
vulgaris Mill. Scrophularia nodosa L., lanes. Euphrasia officinalis L., cliffs, etc.
Odontites Huds. Veronica Beccabunga L., rare. Chamoidrys L. officinalis L. arvensis L. Mentha aquatica, L., rare. Salvia Verbenaca L.
cvi. APPENDIX XI\'.
Thymus Chamxdrys Fr. Calamintha Acinos Clairv, cornfields. Prunella vulgaris L. Nepeta Glechoma Denth. Lamium purpureum L. Galeopsis Tetrahit L., cornfields. Stachys sylvatica L.
ar\-ensis L., cornfields. Ballota fcetida Lam. Teucrium Scorodonia L. Anagallis arvensis L. Plantago Coronopus L. P. media L. lanceolata L. P. major L. Chenopodium album L.
Bonus Henricus L. Atriplex hastata L. Rumex crispus L.
Acetosa L. and R. Acetosella L. Polygonum lapathifolium L. aviculare L. Convolvulus L. Euphorbia Helioscopia L. Peplus L.
exigua L., cornfields. Mercurialis annua L. Parietaria diffusa Koch, walls. Urtica urens L. and dioica L. Humulus Lupulus L. Salix cinerea L. Alnus glutinosa Gaert. Corylus Avellana L. Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh.
bufonius L. Alisma Plantago L., rare. Lemna minor L. Carex arenaria L,, common. Anthoxanlhum odoratum L. Phleum arenarium L., margins of cornfields.
pratense L. Alopecurus pratensis L., rare. Agrostis vulgaris With.
alba L. Psamma arenaria B. and S., abundant Phragmites communis Trin., rare. Aira Carj^ophyllca L, Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.
THE BOTANY. XCVIL
Holcus mollis L. Molinia coeiulea Mocnch. Poa annua L. and P. trivialis. Briza media L. Cynosurus cristatus L. Dactylis glomcrata. Festuca rubra L., clitTs Bromus sterilis L.
mollis Pari. Triticum repcns L.
junceum L., on the cliffs. Lolium perenne L. Hordeum murinum L.
FERNS.
Polypodium vulgare L., hedgebanks. Lastrsea Filix mas Presl.
dilatata Presl. Asplenium adiantum nigrum
Trichomancs Scolopendrium vulgare Sym. Pteris aquilina L.
Mosses do not figure in my list, as I have paid little attention to them in that region.
Lichens. Parmelia parietina, abundant ; also Borrera tenella.
AhGJE.
Halldrys siliquosa Lyngb. Fucus vesiculosus H.
serratus H.
nodosus L. Desmarestia ligulata H., v.-ashed ashore. Laminaria saccharina H. Chorda Filum H.
Cutleria multifida H., washed ashore ; rare. Taonia atomaria H., washed ashore ; rare. Dictyota dichotoma H.
Asperococcus echinatus H., washed ashore ; rare. Chordaria flagilliformis H. Elachistea fucicola H. Cladostephus verticillatus H.
2N
Cviii. APPENDIX XIV.
Cladostephus spongiosus H., less common. Sphacelaria scoparia H.
cirrhosa H., less common. Ectocarpus siliculosus H. fasciculatus H. littoralis H. Rhodomela subfusca H. Rhytiphlcea thuyoides H. Polysiphonia formosa H. elongata H. nigrescens H. byssoides H., washed up. Dasya coccinea H., washed up. Laurencia dasyphylla Wood, great pool. pinnatifida Gm., washed up. Chylocladia parvula H., washed up. Corallina officinalis H. Jania rubens H.
Delesseria sanguinea H., washed up. Nitophyllum punctatum H., washed up in iS;S.
laceratum H,, washed up, and also in the great pool. Plocamium coccineum H. Rhodymenia bifida H., vrashed up in 1S5S.
ciliata H., washed up. Gracilaria confervoides H. Hypnea purpurascens H., abundant. Chondrus crispus H. Furcellaria fastigiata L. Ptilota plumosa H., rare. Ceramium rubrum H.
diaphanuni Ag., on the " Church rocks.'' Callithamnion Turner i H., washed up. roseum H., washed up. Borreri H., washed up in 1S5S. Bryopsis plumosa H., in great pool, 1S5S. Cladophora pellucida H. rupestris H.
IcEtevirens H., in great pool, 183S. albida H. Enteromorpha compressa H. Ulva latissima L. Lactuca L.
Linza H., in great pool, 1858. Porphyra laciniata H. vulgaris Ag. Calothrix confervicola Ag.
THE BOTANV. xcix.
FUNGI.
Agaricus pcrsonatus, 1858.
oreades, 1S5S.
campestris, 1858. Cantharellus cibarius, 1S5S. Boletus lividus.
Clavaria pratensis, lighthouse hills, 1S5S. Geoglossum hirsutum, 1858. Sphasria Hypoxylon.
The "Great Pool" means the large piece of sea water formed into a pool on the north-west, at the very low tide in September (or early October), when a ridge of rock hems in this pool on the sea-side, and during an hour or two many weeds may be seen growing in deep water, which otherwise are only found washed up.
In the Flowering Plants the word rare has been placed against many plants quite common in the district around, but owing to the scarcity of wet ditches, very uncommon in the absolute PARISH of Cromer.
The true rarities are Papaver hybridum ; Silene anglica; S. conica, very rare; Linum angustifolium, absent in 1887; Medicago sylvestris ; Phleum arenarium.
Additional plants found by Mr. H. D. Geldart : — Ranunculus aquatilis, pond in the lane going up to station. Cheiranthus Cheiri L., the church. Alyssum calycinum, close to the station. Trifolium subterraneum, close to the town on Lighthouse Hills. Vicia angustifolia and Bobartii, on the clirf immediately under the old lighthouse. Sanicula europoea, Cromer Hall wood. Senecio Jacobaea, Colne House meadow. Orchis pyramidaiis, between Roughton Mill Road and Felbrigg Road. Listcra ovata, between Roughton I\Iill Road and Felbrigg Road. Ophrys apifera, lane before reaching the Gasworks. Tulipa sylvestris, Cromer Hall woods. Ornithogalum umbellatum, between Roughton Mill Road and Felbrigg Road. Aira prcecox, everywhere. Poa rigida and P. loliacea, sea wall by '• Red Lion." Poa liuitans, pond going up to station. Lastroea Oreoptcris and Athyrium filix-fcemina, used to come as near the town as the bank by Felbrigg Park corner.
ALG^.
Pycnophycus tuberculatus. Sporochnus pedunculatus. Alaria esculenta. Mesogloia virescens. Myrionema strangulans.
ArrENDIX XIV.
Rhodomela lycopodioides, Rytiphicea pinasiroides. Polysiphonia fibriilosa.
atrorubescens. Bonnemaisonia asparagoides Chrysymenia clavoUosa. Delesseria sinuosa. alata.
hypoglossum. ru?cifolia. Nitophyllum Gmelini. Ptilota sericea. 'Ceramium gracillimum
nodosum. GrifTfithsia equi5etifolia. Callithamnium Hookeri.
byssoideum. polyspermum. thuyoideum. pediciUatum.
NOTES ON MR. SCOTT SURTEES' THEORY,
It is hard to understand how the author, having noticed the following mentions of Cantium in the Fifth Book of Caesar, could have written the paragraph that finishes his pamphlet, without a word of comment on such witnesses against his theor\'. They are these — " Hujus lateris alter angulus qui est ad Cantium quo fere omnes ex gallia naves appelluntur, ad orientem solem " (Cap. 13). "Ex his omnibus longe sunt humanissimi, qui Cantium in- colunt, quae regio est maritima omnis" (Cap. 14). " Dum haec in his locis geruntur, Cassivellaunus ad Cantium, quod esse ad mare supra demonstravimus, quibus regionibus quatuor reges praeerant
nuntios mittit atque his imperat uti, coactis
omnibus copiis, castra navalia de improvise adoriantur atque oppugnent" (Cap. 22).
The first of these passages would make the landing of Caesar in Cantium as an hypothesis extremely probable, since he would be naturally inclined to land in that part of the island, best known to the only people he could rely on as guides. The second does away with Mr. Surtees' objection on page 5 that Kent is not a corn-producing country, as Ca:sar mentions elsewhere (Cap. 14) that only the maritime peoples sowed corn, whilst the interior nations lived chiefly on flesh and milk. The third surely implies that the naval camp of Csesar was situated on the coast of Cantium, unless we suppose that Cassivellaunus ordered the kings of Cantium to sail round and attack the camp of Caesar in Norfolk — a pro- ceeding, it is true, well meriting the words " de improviso."
Now it is obvious that, if we can show that Cantium is not an interpellation into the text of far later date, and that it does not signify the modern Norfolk, but the county of Kent, that this amazing theory falls to the ground like a house of cards. Let us
Cll. APPENDIX XV.
see what evidence we have to support us. In Diodorus Siculus, who flourished about B.C. 44, that is some ten years after the event, we find the following passage, no doubt drawn more or less from the De Bello Gallieo :—>' Britain is a triangle like Sicily. The Promontory nearest the Continent, which they call Cantium, is distant they say 100 stades (15 miles), at which place the sea disembogues itself; the second Promontory is called Bclerium (Cornwall), and is four days' sail from Gaul ; and the third, which they say runs up into the sea, is called Horea." [Monumenta Britannica.]
Strabo, too, says that the eastern extremity is Cantium, and that Britain lies opposite the Seine and Rhine ; so near the Rhine that Cantium is to be seen from the mouth of that river ; but that it is a little farther from the Seine, where it was that the Deiiied Caesar established his station for ship-building, when about to cross into Britain. Mr. Surtees disingenuously substitutes for Cantium Britain in this passage, thus producing a suspicion that he knew of the mention of Cantium in Caesar. Again, Strabo says that the passage into Britain is not exactly from the mouth of the Rhine, but from Itium, in the country of the JMorini, next to the Menapii. Now, in the best classical atlas of the day — Kiepert's — the Morini are made to inhabit the coast from the mouth of the Scheldt to Boulogne, and, although this is more or less uncertain, I am inclined to think it is approximately right. A connection, too, between the names Itium and Wissant can also be discerned. Lastly, let us take the greatest geographer of antiquity to witness to the position of Cantium. Ptolemy's description of the southern side of Britain ends with the Promontory of Cantium, and the river Garrienus (Yare) is mentioned among the natural features of the coast "of the sides next in order lying to the east and south, along which extends the German Ocean," 22 bays, rivers, and capes intervening between them. In another place he says, " beyond which are the Cantii, the easternmost people, among them are these towns — Londinium, Dar\'enum, Rhutupiae."
From these extracts from the works of Greek and Latin writers of the two centuries which followed Caesar's expedition, I think, we may, without fear of reproof, say, in the words of Mr. Surtees, that "it is clear and plain as the sun at noonday" that Caesar landed in Kent.
NOTES ON MR. SCOTT SURTEES THEORY. cm.
There is one other question we should like to ask Mr. Surtces, whilst we are dcalinf^ with the text of the " de Bello Gallico." Why is it that he forgets to allude to Caesar's mention of the Tamesis on Caps, ii and i8, Book v.? The unpleasant doubt forces itself upon us whether he has not looked upon " the marshes on the shore and the sand-hills on the heights " to the exclusion of the commentaries of Caesar. We can hardly believe that he who discovered that " brevissimus transjectus," referred to the distance between the mouth of the Rhine and Weybourne, could doubt his ability to explain away the word Tamesis. We will not, however, press this point, suffice it to say that Dion Cassius also refers to the crossing of the Tamesis by Caisar, and we may well suppose that if the Roman general had crossed the Thames after a march from the coast of Norfolk, that he would not have retraced his steps, but gone on till he reached Cantium, and there have sum- moned his fleet to meet him.
We will not follow Mr. Surtees into vain arguments about the credibility of Geoffry of Monmouth, or the like ; but we may point out that his whole reasoning on the passage " ipse cum omnibus copiis in Morinos prohciscitur, quod inde erat brevissimus in Bri- tanniam transjectus," is overthrown by the above-mentioned passage of Strabo.
Now let us look at the probabilities of the case. Mr. Surtees supposes that Caesar set out from a place on the very borders of the territory he had conquered, and thence sets sail to a coast which was out of sight, and as he himself describes it, " a side to which they was no land of the Continent opposite, save an angle of it which looks chiefly to Germany" (i.e., to a hostile country). The dangers of such an expedition would be immense. A chance wind might carry his fleet far away from his base to the coasts of Norway, or an inroad of the Germans might destroy the camp and troops he had left behind to protect his communications. On the other hand there was a coast that could be seen easily from Calais, and which was tolerably known to the Gauls lying opposite, in- viting an attack. From what we know of the character of Cc-esar, we need not hesitate to say which plan was accepted by him — even though we had not the other evidence we possess. To argue as Mr. Scott Surtees does about the geological changes of the coast of East Anglia is idle ; for although he asks us to believe that the
civ. APPENDIX XV.
whole shore was in Cncsar's time 30 or 40 miles nearer the Rhine,* yet he also founds his main point on the supposition that the present figuration of land from Cromer to Hunstanton was the same 2,000 years ago, as it is now.
J. B. R.
• At the present rate of eating away— a yard a year— not much over one mile would have been lost.
^tntXid |nba\
Abbot's Manor Admiralty Court here Advowson of the Church Aisles of the Church Ales — Church
Page ... 36 52—67 121 — 7 ... 98 53
Appropriation of Church to the Car- thusians ... ... ••• 125
Arms in Cromer Church ... S2 — 3
Arnold Pedigree ... ... 26—29
Arnold's Manor ... ... 27,28,29
Athletic Sports ... ... 146—7
Bath House, The ... .-• 7^
Beacons ... ••■ ••• 75
Bcaufoys, or tke Bishop's Manor ... 35 Becks, The Two ... ... 41—42
Bells ... ... — ••• 103
Bell Chamber ... .. ... 104
Bells (4), Lead and Timber of the
Church sold to Aid the Repairs 90—1 Benefactors to the Church ... ... 93
Berningham de Subholdicg 32, 33, 34
Bi^ocTs Manor ... ... 25—34
Blank Verse on Cromer ... ... 140
Blockade of the Coast by " Dunkir-
kers" ... ^P
Botany of Cromer ... ... xci.
Bradenham de, Subholding 32—3
Brass in Church, iv. ; Drasses now lost xi. Brief of Pope Uib.m VI. ... 129— 130
Broun Pedigree ... •• c'^'c'*
Building of^Cromer Church So— bi
Buttresses, ornamented ... 1 16 7
Cabbell Family ... ••• •.■•
Carthusians appropriated Church in
13S3 ,
Celts Found
Chancel of the Church ... 9^—
Chancel Ruins ... ••• •••
Chapels, Shrines in, of the Church by Chaplains of the Church ... I37>
Charter supposed, of Cromer Charters and Deeds, notes from various Chest, Church Church Ales
31
126 16
lOI lOI
, S4 139
so
liii.
89
53
Page
Church Chest up
Church, Fstimate to Repair the xlin.
Church Goods Inventory, 6 Ed. VI.
S5 — 6 Church of .St. Peter of Shi pden ... So Church Registers— Banii.-.ms and Bur- ials begin 1689; -Marriages 1696 Church, Remains of an Earlier ... 93 " Church Rock," The ... S, 15
Churches, History of the ... ... 79
Churchyard, E.xtent of ... ••. 94
Churchyard, waited by the Sea ... 79 Clerestory Win lows ... 96.117
Clock in Church Tower ... ... loi
Coach, The Old to Cromer ... 146
Coal Trade with Newcastle S^> 59
Coal, Leave to Discharge at Cromer
70—71 " Cobbler's Hole," The ... ... 97
'■Collet,' a Ship called a ... ... 49
Corn, E.xportaiion of ... ... 70
Corn, not to be E.xported ... ... 44
Coys, Leister ... ... ••. 72
" Craye, or Crayer," .Ship called a ... 59 Croixmare in Normandy ... ... l6n
Cromer, Derivation of the Name ... 16 Cromer IL;!! ... ... ... 32
Cromer Kcpirs Manor ... ... 43
Cromer TomUn s Manor ... ■■■ 43
Cromwell, a Stupid Fable that Chancel
Destroyed by his Troopers ... HI Cromwelfs Alleged " Royal Descent " 49 Crowmere Family ... ... 50
Danish origin of Cromer, presumed... 16
Surnames ... •.• 1 7
De Crevk's Manor ... 25,26
Demoiiti^jn of the Chancel of the
Church ... ... S8-9
Defence of the Coast ... ... 75
" Doggor,' a Ship called a ... 49
Domesday form of Shipden ... 18
Donors to Church Restoration 93—4
Door, t'lne, 9Sn ; impudent "restora- tion" of, !</. ; north porch door no •'Down Cleft" ... ... ... 4»
20
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT,
Duchy Courts, 54 ; Privileges of Ten- ants Duchy of Lancaster's Manor Dunkirkers, '1 he ... Dutch Ships Threaten Cromer
Entries from ihe Diarj' of William Windham
Expenses and Income of the Church of Shipden about 135^5, Account of ... ... ... 126
Fair at Shipden ...
Falcons, not to be Exported
" Farecost," a Ship called a
Feet of Fines, Notes of all
Fencibles, The Sea
Fines, Notes from the Feet of
Fire at Cromer
F'iahermen's Loats not to be Pressed
for War Fishery on North Coast, 45 ; Rules as
to, id. Flint and Stone Ornaments Flint-work ... ... 1 05 —
Flowers, profusion of at Cromer i
Font ... ... ... 95 and
Founder's Tomb (?)
Free School Founded at Cromer 51
xlvi.— i xlvi. —
144
Page 44—47 ... 74 in
... 55
... 144 76-78 ... 78 nd-
21—25
/5 I
lii. I
57 I 47
112
112
95" I ICO I
Galilee, Ornaments of the ... ... 108
Galilee ... ... ... 107—110
Gales, two terrific in iSlo ... ... 76
"Gangles," The ... ... ... 69
GeoloL^^y of Cromer ... l.Kxxiv.
Giggs' Manor ... ... ... 38
"Good Cross," Chapel of the ... 84
Guilds in the Church ... ... 84
Gun Battery ... ... 75 — 6
Gunnor's Manor ... ... 3'^— 43
Guri.ey Pedigree ... ... 131 — 2
Gurney SetUement, The ... •••145 Gurney, Mr. J. li., on Ornithology cf
Cromer ... ... Ixxxii.
Inroads of the Sea at Shipden Invasions, 50—65 ; Feared Inventory of Household Goods 1553
"Jerry's Lodi^ings at Cromer"
Jetty, Tlie New ...
Jetty, The Piesent
Julius Cicsar, Theory as to his La
ing near here, 17; andseeAp[
dix ci.— civ.
Kings Private Manor
Lancaster's Manor ... ... 37
Letters Patent concerning the Fish
Trade of Cromer ... 45, 46, 47
Lifeboat Established ... ... 76
Lighthouse, The First Built ... 67
Lighthouse, The New ... ,., 68
Lights in the Church, various ... 84
" Lobster Coys" ... ... 72,73
" Lodeship," a Ship called a ... 49
London, Two Lord Mayors of, from
Cromer ... ... 50 — 51
Maid Ridibone's Chapel ... ... 84
Manors, Account of tne various 20 — 43 Market Weekly at Shipden ... 44
Monuments in Church, i. ; in Church- yard, xii. "Morgan's Slips" .., ... 77
Nave of the Church ... 94—8
Neolithic Flint Instrument ,., 16
North Porch of the Church iro — 2
Newcastle, Coal Trade with 58—9
" New Inn " ... ... ... 144
Omitholcgy of Cromer ... Ixxxii. "Our Lady of Pity,"' Chapel of ... 83
... Ill I
,.. 102 ]
... 47n \
... 69 I
S2-3 I
••• 34
... 98
Hagioscope
" Harry Yaxley's Hole " ... Harbour Hiil, The Harbour, Projected in 173 1 Heraldry in Cromer Church Hervy, or Herv.ard P.-iniiy High Altar
Iceland, Rediscovery of ... ... 49
Imports of Shipden and Cromer, list
of . ... 4&
Income of the Church of Shipden
about 13S5 ... ... ... 127
Ingelow, Jean, Verses on Cromer ... 142
Inglond's Manor ... ... ... jJi
Panel Ornaments Parish Registers .. Paston's Manor . Paston Pedigree . People, The
114— 5
xxiv.
23. 24. 25
23—24 ... 148
Pier or Tcity of Cromer 47, 56, 57, 59, 60 Pier Reeves ... ... ... 60
Pier, Suit as to Cromer, the temp.
Elizabeth ... ... Ivi.— Ivii.
Pier, The New ... ... 6S, 69, 70
Pillars in Nave ... ... ... 95
Plough Light, The, 84 ; The Women's
do., iJ. ; in Eastgate, iJ. ; The
Great Plough Light, iJ. "Plowcandell" .. ... ... 84n
Poem on, by Taylor, the Water Poet 61 Poetry on Cromer hy Jean Ingelow
and Algernon Charles Swinburne
141 — 2
GENERAL INDEX.
Page Poll Cooks, Copies of all xxxvii, — xxxix. Poor Man's Box in 1 55 1 ... ... 85
Porch of Church, N. no; S. 1 12; AV. 107 Porch, Galilee or W. of Church 107 — i lo Priest's Door ... ... ... 99
Prose Debciiiition of the Place by
Clement .Scott ... 142—3
Purveyors ... ... ... 40
Rale for 1767 ... ... ... xl.
Ravages on the Ci.ast in 1450 5°, 5' Reed, Sir Birth, and his School, 51 ;
his Family ... ... ...5in
Rectory House. Old ... ... 94
Rectors'of the Church ... 12S— 130 Registers, see Church Reijisters Reid, Mr., on Geolooy of Cromer Ixxxiv.
Restoration of the Church ... 92 — 3
Restoration, projected in 175S ... 89
Reymes Faniily ... .. ... 34
Roman Remains ... ... ... 17
Rood-screen ... ... ... 96
Rood-turret ... ... •-■ 97
Roper's Manor ... ... ... 43
Rye Pedigree ... ... 150,153
School, Sir B. Reed's ... ... 51
Scotland, James, son of King Robert
captured here ... ... 49
Scott, Clement, on Cromer 142 — 3
Scott Surtces', the Rev., Theory on
the Landing of Julius Coisar ... 17 Screen, rood ... .., •• 96
,, South Aisle ... ... 96
Sea Fencibles ... ... 75 — 6
Sea, further inroads of ... ••• 57
Sea, inroads of the ... ... 44
Sea, Jurisdiction ... ... 52, 53
Sea Wall 60
Sham Fight ... ... ... 76
Sherringham Pier, Petition as to ... Ixi. Shipden Abbot's Manor ... ... 36
Ships, names of Cromer in 1417 ••• 49 " Shipwrecked Mariners' Association " 77 Shrines ... ... ... 84
Smuggling Affray ... 7^ — 7
South Chapel of the Church loo— I
South Porch of the Church ... 112 |
Sports. Athletic ... ... 146—7 j
Squabisle in Aiborough Church ... 53 j Squint Hole ... ... ... Ill i
P-ct Stained Gla.^s ... ... ... no
St. Be net's j.Iancr ... "6, ^7
St. Nicholas, Chapei of \\:t ■ • ' 2>4
Sione-work, Ornamcnit. 1, cf \\.^'
Church ... ... 112—1:1
.Storm, a great one .., -7, -^
."Subsidy, l-.shcrmcn exemi :t.l fror.i 40
Subsidy Rolls, copies of a.l x".-.-. — xxx\i. Suit l>etween Mr. \Vynd::.-.m an! Mr. Brooke concerning Cromer Gun- ner's Manor ... ... 41, 42
Swinbiune, Verses on Cromer ... 143
Taylor, the Water Poet's Verses on
Cn.mer ... ... 61 — 65
Tebant's Suhholding ... ... 33
Thurp's de Subholdin^: ... ... 34
Toke.i, datol, of Richard Bennett ... 06
Toinhns Afauor ... ... ... 43
Tower of the Church ... loi— 6
Tower Struck by Lightning ... ic6
Town I>o-.ks ... ... xxiv.
Trade of Cromer in 1 52S ... ... 55
Traders and Townsmen, Tl'.e Old ... 44
Tree Phniing for 1745— 174S ... 31a
UJortTs Manor . . . L'iiden:rc^'s Manor Underwood Pedigree
... i6 29, 30 ... 29
Vestments and Ornaments of the
Ch-jrJa ... ... S5— 7
Vicars of the Church ... 131 — 137
Voluntetr Artillery Practice ... 75
Waferinw Place, The ... ... 140
Waters (.Medicinal) The, at Cromer 140 — I Weylanl's Fam.ily ... 22 — 3
Wcy:aHiTs Manor ... 22,23
Whaling from Cromer ... ... 51
^^'hite (V\'alter) on Cromer 1431^
Wilis and Administrations, Notes of
Ixv. — Ixxx. Wreck of the Sea and Sea Beach,
Right of ... ... ... 32
Wreckir.g ... ... 65 — 6
IVyiidhaiiis Afanor ... 30, 31, 3'
V.')ndl;am Pedigree ... ... 31
Wyndham, William, at Cromer ... 75
|nba' of Uamcs,
|
Pjge |
||
|
Abbs ... |
xxxvi. |
|
|
Abel ... |
XV. |
|
|
Acres ... |
xxxvi., Ixix. 1 |
|
|
Adams ... |
. 24, li. ! |
|
|
Adkyns ... |
. Ixxviii. j |
|
|
Akwes ... |
xx.x. |
|
|
Alablaster |
. Ixxv. 1 |
|
|
Aldwyn |
. 56, Ixv. 1 |
|
|
Alexander, |
vii., |
xiii., see] |
|
Alysau |
ndre |
|
|
Aleyn, 56, |
Ixxiii., |
Ixxiv. (2), |
|
Ixxix., |
see Allen & .\llyn I |
|
|
Aleyns ... |
Ixxiv. |
|
|
Aliot ... |
XXV. |
|
|
Alison ... |
Ixxv. |
|
|
Allard ... |
xxi. |
|
|
Allcock... |
li. |
|
|
AUen, 2,7, |
43. 73 |
XX. (2), |
|
xxxvii |
, Ixxiii |
, Ixxvii., i |
|
see Aleyn and |
Allyn |
|
|
AUington c |
e |
35 |
|
Allyn ... |
XX.\V1. |
|
|
Alsop ... |
xxiii. (2), xli. i |
|
|
Alto Bosco |
de .. |
36 |
|
Alysaundre |
, 123, |
see Alex- |
|
ander |
||
|
Alyson ... |
• , -5^ |
|
|
Alyston |
Ixxiv, |
|
|
Amys, XX vi., l.\ |
K., Lx.xi., |
|
|
Ixxviii |
(2) |
|
|
Anderson |
56.53 |
84, Ixxv. |
|
Andrewes, |
xxxiv |
, bcvii., |
|
Ixxvi. |
||
|
Andrews |
. 84, Ixx. |
|
|
Anson ... |
. 24 (6) |
|
|
Appleby |
bcx.,'" |
xxviii. (2) 1 |
|
Applebye |
lxi.x., Lxxx. 1 |
|
|
Arblaster |
2SI |
Archer, 158, xxvi.,xxix. (2), j
Ixxiv. Amald ... ... Iv. |
Arnold, 20, 21 (2), 26 (5), 27 ! (5), 28 (7), 29 (S), 30, I 35. 37, 3S. 43. 50, 56, 1 82, 83, 110, 134, 137, , 139, 148, X., xi., xxvi., '
Page Arnold {contimud)
XXX., xxxi., xxxiii., 1. (2),
Ixxiv., Lxxx. (2) Arnolde 28 (5), 29 (3)
Artis ... ... 103
Ashn?.oore ... xxxvi.
Ashmore SS — 135, Ixxvii. Assheton ... 40
.Astley ... ... xxxvii.
Atcheson, 42, .\.xiii (2), xlii.,
Ixxvii. (2) Atfenn, 56, see Altfene Atkinson ... xxxvi.
Atkyns ... ... 24
Atkynson ... l.xxxi.
Atlebur ... xxv.
Attemere, 3S, see Attmer Atcewell ... Ixxix.
Attewood ... Ixxiii.
Attfene, Ixvi., see Atfenn Attifen ... 122
Attmer, Ixxv., see Attemere At well ... ... ixvi.
Awbrey ... 139
.\\vden ... ... xxvii.
Awbrye ... Ixxiv.
Avvdey ... ... xxviii.
Aylmer ... ... xlvii,
BabI)ington ... 143
Bab.ike ... Ixv.
Bacon, 31, 4S, 49, 55, 58,
77, 83, 9'j, 153, xi.,
xxxiv., xxxvii., bc.xi.,
Ixxi.x.
Bailey, xxxviii., see Baley
Baker ... ... xluc.
Bakon ... ... 155
Baldock ... 23 (2)
Baley, xvi., see Bailey
Ball Ixxv.
Balryk ... ... 157
Bans ... ... Ixxvi.
Barber ... ... xxviii.
Barbor ... ... Lwi.
Barbour ... xlix.
|
f |
P^:t |
|
' Bar-lav, 93 |
lOI. 144, 14^, |
|
I lir, 15 |
z |
|
, Barker, see Ecrker, i ^o, |
|
|
xxvii. (2), Ixvii., !x\iu., |
|
|
I I.XIX., |
Ixxiv., Ixxv., |
|
1 Ixxvi., 1 |
XXX. (:) |
|
Bam.ard |
... XX. (2) |
|
liames ... |
xiv. |
|
Bninct ... |
125 |
|
, Barney, 57, |
58, 85, l.xxvii.,. |
|
■ <;ee Berney |
|
|
Barnin^jham |
139 |
|
Baron ... |
;8, 1. (2) |
|
Baron (Bacon?) ... Ixxvi. |
|
|
, Barrett ... |
- 56(2) |
|
■ liartcil ... |
144 |
|
: Barthi fil' |
xxv. |
|
'. Barton ... |
xxvi. |
|
: Barton da |
128 |
|
Basham... |
xxxvi. |
|
' Bastyan |
... xxxiii (2) |
|
Basyncjham de ... 123 |
|
|
j Bitaillie |
... xxv. (2) |
|
Batman |
xxviii. |
|
Bxxster ... |
xxix. |
|
i Baxter, 30, |
35 (2), 36, 39, |
|
59, 60, |
xxviii., xxxiv. |
|
(2), XXXV. (2), xxxvi., li. |
|
|
(2),lvi. |
(3),lvii.(3).Iviii. |
|
(2), lix. |
(7), Ix. (3), l.xi.. |
|
1 Ixxxi. |
|
|
Bayfield |
... xix(3) |
|
Bayles ... |
... 71, 72 |
|
Baylie ... |
Ixi. |
|
Bayne . . . |
xxxvi. |
|
Beare ... |
xx.xvi. |
|
Beasy ... |
... xii. (2) |
|
Beauchamp |
... 26, 8r |
|
Beaufoy |
35. 21, 3^ |
|
Beaufoy de |
35 |
|
Beaumont |
43 |
|
Beoynham |
15s |
|
Becke ... |
39 |
|
Beckswell |
xi. |
|
Beckwith |
92 |
|
Beccles ... |
Ixxvi. |
CROMER, FAST AND PRESENT.
Page Bedwell ... xvii.
Eedyngfclde de ... 122
Beeston 133, liii.
Bekeawell ... 8j
Bekham de ... 123 1
Bell xl,, xvi., xix. , Ix.kiv. Benet (?) ... xxx.
Benet, 21, xxxiii., xxxiv. (2),
see Bennett
Benhale de ... 34
Bennet, xxxiii., xxxvi.,
xxxvii., xl., Iv. (3J, Ix., I
Ixxi., Ixxvi. I
Bennett, 66, xxxvi. (2), |
xxxvii., xl., xli., li. (2), I
Ixviii., Ixxii. (2), ixxvi. 1
B er ... xxxvi.
Berdles ... ... xxv.
Berker, xxvii., see Barker Berney, 83, xi., see Barney
Bcrney de Bernham de Berningham de, (3). 33, iiv. Berry ... Berton ... Bertylmew Bery ... Berye .., Belts Bettes ... Bevys .., Bidun de Bignold
.i6 xlvii. 25, 32
39,
i^S.
23
55
xx;x.
x.wii
Ixviii.
Ixxviii.
xxvii.
xlviii.
17, 20 (2), 21, 22
XV. (2), xvi.
Bigod, 20, 21, 25 (2), 34, 1
35, 37
Bygod 25 I
Bygodle ... 25;
B.rd Ixix. i
Birkbeck, 92, 98, 145. 152 yz) | Birrestone de ... liv. 1
Bishop ... ... 60, 132 i
Bishop (?) ... Ivii. ;
Bliss ... ... 32
Blofeld, 35, 39, S5, 149, 156, :
158, xxvi. (2), xxxiii. i
(3), 1., li., Ixxiv. Blofield 35, 60, 156 I
Blofild ... ... l.\x.i. i
Blofyld, xxxi. (3), xxx;i., j
ixxvi. j
Blofylde. xxxii. (2), see Blow- |
feild I
Blomeffeld ... xxviii. ;
Blomefeld ... 24 1
Blomefeild ... I.xix. |
Blometield, 27, 29, 31, 39. ijl, ,
82, 84, 89, lOi, 122 I
Blomfeld •••93. xxvi. I
Blomfield ... xxviii.
Blowefeld ... k.vxi. 1
Page Blowfeild Ixi. (2), Ixix.
Dlowfeld, 35,xxx.(j),.\xxiv.,
xj.x. BiowlleUl ... 35. 36
Hlowfvld ••• 35
Blo\vf')ide ... iX.
Lllovvieicle ... xx\-ii.
Bljnt ... ... 59
Blyih ... ... XVI.
Biythe ... ... xvi.
Becking ... l>;xi.
Bockinge ... l>:x.
BoJliam ... 39, 4°
Boileck... ... I47
Boley 38
Boieyn ... ■■■ Z^, xxxi.
Bond Cabbell, see Cabbell,
25. 31, 32(3). 92(4). 9S Bond (.?; ... xxxu.
Bond 27. xxxvi-, Ixvi. (2) Bond als. Bone ... Ixxiv. Bonde xlviii., Ixvi.
B...ont ... ... xxxvi.
Borell 139, Ixviii, Ixxiv.
Borrow ... ... 149
Bosliope ... 60, Ivii.
Boult ... ... ix.
Bound ... ... 56, 155
Boure Atte ... .xlvii.
Bourne ... ... 59
Bowell ... ... 68
Bower ... ... 29
Bowes ... ... 28
Bowma ... xi.
Boydon ... ... l.xxiii.
Boys de ... liii.
Boyse ... Ixxviii. (2)
Boyton de ... liv.
Bradenham de, 25, 26, 32, 33,
xlvi. (2), xlvii. (2) Bradest^-n de ... 21
Bradfelde ... l.xxv.
Bradfeild ... Ixxv.
Bradfeld xxvi., .xlix. (2)
BraJtield ... Ixix.
Braeli ... ... xi.
Brampton 02, S3, xlviii.
Brandlyng ... 58
Brandon ,. 84, Ixxv.
Brangwin 129 (4), 130
Brant hwaite ... 151, 152
B'aser ... ... 133
Breame ... ... xvi.
Breese, xi. (2), xiv., xx. (2),
xxi., xxxii., I.xviii., see
Brese Brennard (Bremand?) Ixxiv. Brcreton ... 93
Brese, xxvi., xxvii , sxx.,
Ixviii., Ixix., Ixxv., see
Breese, ?;i^cr sea breeze
I Brcsse ... j Brest (Brese ?)
Bieion ...
Breyse ...
B.ian ...
Bridges ...
Brigge ...
Bnggs ...
Brigiit
B.ighte
Bngnell
lirinyng
Bristowe
Britine ...
tirome
Brooke ...
Brcolcs
Brosiard
Broun, 80
Page
xxx.
xxxii.
Iv.
Ixx.
124
Ix.
69 69
56, Ix. (2), lxx> ... 1., Ixi. »34 liv.
- 87 (2)
... 37, li-
Ixviii., Ixxviii.
... 41, 42
XV,, xxi. (2}, xl.
43, Ixxiv.
(2), 122, 123,
124 (2), 12S, xlvii,
j Brown 93, xvi., xlvii., Ixix.
I Browne, 56, 67, SS, xviii. (2),
xxvii., xxviii. (2), Ixv^i. I (2), l.xxi.x.
i Bryerton ... Ix.
: Bryghain ... 58
' Bryglit ... ... .xxvii.
! Brymynge ... 5^
I Biynnynge ... Ixv.
I Brynyng, 94, 138, xlvii., i xlviii.
; Brynyngg ... liv.
; Buckland ... 160
i Buckner ... 1.
j Bucksher ... Ixxix.
I Bugge als. Bryden Ixix.
> Buiuard ... xlvi. (2)
; Buk ... xxviii. (2)
Bulls ... ... xl., xli.
I Bullamer, 135, see Builimore I Bulleyn ... 57, xxx.
1 Builimore ... 135
Bullwers ... xli.
' Bulwer, 31, 39, 84, x., xi.,
xxxi , xxxvii , Iv.
|
1 Bumpstede |
xlviii. |
|
; Bune |
Ixvii. |
|
Bunn |
xii. |
|
i Bunne ... |
xxviii. |
|
1 Burde ... |
55 |
|
; Burke ... |
144 |
|
Bumand |
xxlx. |
|
; Burnel ... |
22 |
|
1 Burol ... |
123 |
|
Burrows |
Iv. (2) |
|
Burton xx., |
xxix., Ix. |
|
Burwell |
xxvii. |
|
Bushe |
Lxxvi. |
|
Buttolph |
li. |
|
Buxton, 77, 92, 93 |
, 9S, 146, |
|
147, 149, 151, |
152 |
INDEX OF NAMES.
Buxtons tycroft ... Bygot ... By Ike .. B)lle ... Byr de ... Byrd ... By shop ...
Cabbell 20 (2), 25, 3
35. 92. 9S C
3i|Champneys ... 132 , Comefort ... xxx.
l.xx.x. i Chatham ... 75 Comiiort ... .xtviii.
... -xlvii. (2) I Chaumpa-ye ... I32 Comfort xxvni., xrxi., xxx.ii.
38 I Chaumpneys I33, 138, 139 , Comfortc, 5S {z , 50, xxv.ii ,
xxix. I Chaiiney
54, 55, 56 i Chcsman
Cage Caiiard ., Calyerd Callard .. Callarde
xxvii., xxviii. ! Chesnutt
l.xxLii. j Cliestany
; Clicstanye
32(7), • Chester ..
jChilde ...
XXX. I Chilves ...
Ixxv. Chosell ...
xxxiv. I Christmas
Iviii., lix. (2) I Church
Ixi., Ixxi. 1 Churche
xlviii. I x.vxii. (2), hxv;;i.
Ixvii. ; Comfurth ... iv.
... xxxviii. Comforthe ... ix'x. (2)
155 Connall ... xwvi.
... 56, Ixv. Conyby ... wvii.
16; Cook, 75, 123, \.;. (2). xiii.
Ixxiv. , (4), xxxvii. (2). \li., i\xvii.
xvi. '. Cooke l-5il, xtwi., l.wi., Iwi.
li. Coolman, hv. (2', see Col-
Ixx., Lxxviii. I man.^
xii. Cooper xiv., xxxiv., Ixvix. Copcland
x.xxiv. jChylde. 56, 81, 84, 98, 131, Copland, xL, xxxvii., l.x.xi Callerd, 60, Iviii. (2), seel i;S, l.xxiii. (3)
Callyard and Calyerd ! Clair St. 60 Corauaie
Callow... ... Ixi. iClaiks ... I4S Cordy .,
Callyard 60 (2), Ivii. (z) Ciirk le ... xxv. Corke ..
Callybutt ... 85 i Clarke 37, 61, 65, .x.xx., Ivii., Cornwall
Camden ... 59 1 Ixxv ''
Camforte, Ixi.x, see Com- 1 Classhe ..
forthe Camond Camonde Candelman Canham Canuell Cantelupe Cantelupe de Caparne Cardew ... Carkesse Carlyle Carpenter
Clarering de xxviii. I Chxton Ixvii. ! Claydon 131 I Clement 1 I Clements
Cornwailys
xxix. Corser ...
26 Cottrell...
,. xviii. (2) Couper ...
69 Cownyaye
49, xlviii. I Cowper
Ixvi. i Cox
Ixxviii. Clere 38(3), 51, 65, 83, xi., Cove ... 132 I xlviii. Coie
Ixxvi.
xlviii.
Ixxviu
xxxiv.
x!ix.
xxix.
Ixi.
.. 56, 156
56
Ixvi.
xiv., li. (2)
.. 56, 139
Ixxiv.
xli.
xxvii.
75 Iv. (2)
l32lClericus ... xlvi. (2) Cozens ...
I'ii. i Clerk ... 65, 123, xxv. (2) Cragge .xiv. I Clerke ... ... ?>^, Iv. ■ Craig
721 Clerkes ... ... 88 ' Crane
49 ; Clerk le 122, 148, xxv. (2) Creyk de, 20, 25 (6), 26, 32, xxv. j Cloyte, 85, xxvi , xxxii., j 34 (2), liv. (2)
Carr ... 51, 157, H., Ixxx. \ xxxiii., Ixv., l.xxvi. 1 Croft ... ..,
Carter, xx., xxxvii., xxxviii., i Cloytte ... ... xxxi. , " Croixmare, de '
xl., xli., 1., Iv. (2), Ixxvii. : Cobald
xlviii. 17 49
Carver Caslon Catelyn
Catelyne Catesson Cator
;.xxvi. ( Cocksedge
40, XXX vi., Ixxiv. ; Coffmger
Ixxiii. j Coke
... XXV., Iv. j Cokke ...
17, Ixxiv. I Cokkes ...
xxvi. 1 Cokks ...
XXXI l.vxiv. Cromwell
XV. '• Crose ... ... Ixv.
Ixxv. ! Croule de ... xlvii.
37, 77, xxxvii. Crowd (Crowder?) Ixvi.
xxvi. Crowde... xxxii., Ixviii.
Caverard (Everard ?) Ixxiii.
-xl.x., 1
hi, 53
Colbecke,
XXX.,
Colbek xxxiii
53. 54, Colby ...
x;ii. 1 Cclby de XV. (2) I Ccleby ...
29 j C'^llins Ixxxi. Collison 132 Colisty ... liii. Cclman,
XXVlll.
Ixvii., Ixviii. 58. xxvi., xxix., XX'. i., Ixxxi.
85, xxxi., xxxii., . 1.
Crosvde (Crowdere ?) xxvi., x.xx.
Crowe ... xix., xxvii.
Crowemere de ... 49, 137 Crowmere 19, 50, 96, 133 Ixix.
xxiv.. Hi.
31, 153, Ixxiii.
XXXV i.
(2), xxxviii.,
Cawston xix., xx
Cecill
Cecilyson Cecylson
Chad
Chad wick
Chad worth
Chambers
Champneys
Chapel le ... , - -
Chaplin vi , xxxvii., Hi. xxv , xlvii., Jiv., Iv. (2) | Cutler
Chapman, 95, 1., liv., Iv., | Colshall ... I37iCullove xxxvui
Ixviii., Ixxvi , bcxviii., j Colson ... ... 93
Ixxix. I Colling... ... xxvi. |
Crownde
1. Cubit ...
xlviii. : Cubitt ...
1. I Cunnall
73, 154, xxxvii. ' Curtis, x
... xxiii. a) ! xxxix.
Iv. I Custance, xiv. (2), xxxix., 123, 124, xii., I _ Ixv.
xvii., xxii. (2), xli.
CXII,
CROMER, PAST AND TRESEXT.
Page I Dabny ... ... xxxvi. j
Dallyng ... 1561
Dalton ... ... 31, in. j
Dante ... ... Ixviii. I
Darbye ... ... bcxxi. i
Darell 31 j
Daunce ... ... xxvi. j
Dauwessone ... 17 :
Davidson xx. (4), xxi. j
Davies ... ... xiii. i
Davy 30(2), 151, 152, 15S, ,
xxxi., xxxiii. j
Davye 30, xxx., xxxii. (2) ; Dawbeney ... 143, l.\i. :
Dawnce ... txviii. |
Dawson xxwi., Ixxii.
Daynes, xxxiv., li., Ix., Ixx., \
Ixxv., Ixxvi. (2), Ixxviii.,
Ixix., see Deynes j
Deberson ... xxxvi. 1
Dennys, xxxiii., xxxiv.,
xxxv., Ixx. (3) Dethe ... Ix., Lxi. (2)
Dewar ... ... 32
Day ... xxviii., 1., lxx\'i. Deynes, 60, xxxiii., 1. (2),
Ivii. (2), Ixxx. (3), see
Daynes
Deynessone ... 17 '
Dikessone ... liv, j
Dingle ... ... xiv. j
Ditcheboume ... Ixvii. 1
Ditchell, 42, 90, ii. (9), v. j
(5), xii., xxiv., xl. (2), '
xlii. (2), lii.,lxxiii. I
Dichfield ... 37
Dixon ... ... xxxvi. '
Dobbe ... ... Ixx. 1
Dobbes ... ... Ixxxi. i
Dodge ... .. 29, 1. i
Doke ... ... Ixxiii. |
Doughty 35, 36 (2), 67 :
Doyne ... ... 130
Drake ... ... tu
Draper, 44, 56, 137, xxv., :
Ixv., Ixxiii. j
Draper le ... xxv. 1
Drawer ... ... xlix.
Drayton ... 82, 129 1
Drevge ... ... xlviii |
Drinkmiike ... li. 1
Drorge ... ... Lxxx. ]
Drury ... .. 39 i
Duglas, xxvii., xxviii., Ixvii.
Dunston ... Ixviii. j
Durrant xxxvi., Ix. |
Dusin^ ... ... xlvi. 1
DyboUs... "^= '
xli.
Eade Eale
Ixxvi. xxxvi.
Page Earle, 92, i. , xxiii. (5). x.xxvii. Eccles de ... 94
Edes ... ... xxvii.
Edesson ... 17
Edingsel de, 122, see Oding-
sel Edwards ... 93
Egemere de ... xxv.
E.-mere 26 (2), 35 (2)
E;i;er ... ... Ixxviii.
Eggemere de 21, 33, 35, 123,
xxv., liii. Egmere de 33, 35 (6)
Egmor de ... liv.
Eldon ... ... 25
Eld red ... ... xvii.
Elingham ... l.\xiv.
Elizabeth, Queen... 59
Ellalle ... ... 130
Ellatte ... 130
Ellis, 31.40,43. 69. 72, 73.
74, 88, xix., xliii, Iv. (2),
see Ellis and Elys Ellwyn ... .. Ixxxi.
Ely, Bishop of 88, 89, \l\ Elys ... ... 56
Emerv, xxxviii., xl. (2), xlii.
(2) Empsonne ... be. (2)
Eifpson Go, xxxiv.
Endyson ... Ixix.
England lxi., Ixxvi.
Englond 60, Ivii. (2)
Ennismore ... iv.
Enlingliam ... 47
Eiebwell de ... 128
Ermer's ... 30
Ernold ... ... 50
Erpir.gham .. 82
Erie ... ... 52
...erson ... ... xxxvi.
Estyrges ... I.
Ebwoulde ... Ixx.
Evelyn ... ... 70
Everard, 41, 42, 43, x.xxviii.,
liv., Iv. Evered ... xxxiv., Ixxi.
Everyd ... ... xxxiv.
Eyres ... ... 88
F ... xxxi.
Fabro ... ... XXV.
Fairfax ... 70, 71, 72
Farwell ... 56
Fauconer ... 49
Fawcet ... ... 134, 135
Fawkener, Ixvi., Ixxiii., Ixxv.
Fawkner Ixvi., Ixxv.
Fayer ... ... 36
F.iyrcock ... liv.
Feazer ... ... Ixxvi.
Fechyt Felbrig!
Page
I Felbiigge Fenge ...
82
xlvii. xlviii.
! Fenne, 56, xxvi., xxx., l.xvi,, I Ixvii., Ixx. (2), Ixxix.
; Fenne atte ... 23
\ Feny ... ... xxxii.
Ferrer ... ... 56
Ferryman Ixxviii. (2)
, Fetche 84, 155, Ixxiv.
ffayrmor ... 85
\ Ffyshman ... Ix.
1 Fickling ... lii.
Field ... ... xiv.
I Fielder... ... _ 37(2)
Fish ... xli., Ixxi., Ixxix.
Fisheman ... 158
Fi.-lier ... ... xxiii.
: Fibhnnan, Ixxvi, Ixxix, see Fyshman
Fitch ... 16, 93, 107, 137
Fitchet ... ... ixvii.
Flack ... ... Ixxvi.
Flaxman ... xli.
Flegg ... ••• S9> Ixvii.
I Flcgge ... ... Ixxiv.
I Elemming le ... liv.
I Flemyng xxLx., liv.
I Flower ... ... 136
i Floyden ... xxxvi.
i Flyght 56
I Forde ... ... 133
I ...foret ... ... xxxiii.
I Forster ... ... xviii.
! Foscue ... ... Ivi.
' Foster xxviii., Ixvii., Ixviii. I Fox, xvii. (2), xxxvii. (2), li. , France .. ... Ixviii.
; Frances ... 158
j Frankon ... Ixxiii.
Frarey xxxvii. (3), Ixxii.
Frary, 56, xxxvii. (3), Ixxii. (2), xl. (2), xli., lii., Ixxi., Ixxii., i.xxvii.
Fraunces ... Ixviii.
Freary ... ... xiii.
i Freeman ... 74
: Frees ... ... xxix.
j Freman ... 49
1 Frere ... ... 135
, Frer>-e ... ... Ixxiv.
! Fulco ... ... liii.
Fuller ... ... xlix.
i Fulstowe ... 56, 157
' Fustowe ... Ixvi.
Fychelt 56, xxviii.
Fymyl (Fyniel?) ... Iv.
j Fymyl (Fyniyl or Fyniel?) liv.
Fyniel ... ... xlviii.
. Fynne ... ... Ixxiv.
INDEX OF NAMES.
Pare I
Fyope ... ... Ixxv.
Fyshe ... ... Ixx. |
Fysheman, 58, 66, 155, 15S, i xxvii., xxxii., li., Ixvii., | Ixviii., see Fishman
Fyshman xxx., li., Ixviii. !
Fysman ... xxxii.
Fysshe ... ,., xxvii.
Ga ... xxx. I
Gaddye .. ... 60!
Gadeler (?) ... xxxii.
Galfr' fir 44, XXV. (2)
Galthard ' ... 129
Game ... ... 49
Gamilgey ... Ixxv. •
Gaminsewyn 152, Ixxiv. 1
Gamyeweye ... Ixxix. '
Gardiner ... vii. (2) .
Garlek ... ... xJviii. j
Garihon ... xiii. |
Gascon ... ... 129 1
Gaunt, John of ... 21, 37 :
Gawdy ... ... 140 j
Gees ... ... 132 1
Gees(Goo3?) ... xlviii. 1
Gelour ... ... Ixxiv. |
George ... ... xxxvi. j
Gerard . . ... Ixxix. I
Gerebreg ... xlvi. (3^
Germyn ... Ixv.
Gibbs ... ... 153
Gibson ... ... 129
Giggs ... 21, 3S (4)
Gigler ... ... 42
Gilberd liv. (2), Ixxiv.
Gilbert ... ... xxvii.
Gill ... 88, S9, 135
Gillman
Gippes ... ... ' 1. '
Glover, 136, xxvi., xxvii.,
Ixxviii. (2), Ixxx. Goat, 69, xxxvii., Ixxiii.,
Ixxvii. Goates ... xli., l:<xii.
Goddarde ... xxxii.
Goddard xxxiii., Ixxx.
GodJerd ... x\xi.
Godfrey 30, xxxiii , xlvii.,
Ixxix, Ixxxi. Godsalve ... 37. 3S
Goldsborowe ... Ixx.
Goldsmith ... xxxvi.
Goodard ... Ixix. (2)
Goodluck ... xxxvi.
Goodred ... xxvi.
Goslyn ... ... xxxvi.
Gos{s)elyii, 81, 94. 126, 12S,
129, 131, 137 i3SJxxiii. Gostlyn (Gosclyn ?) Ixviii. 1
Page I Gough ... ... 67 1
Gournay ... I^I, 152 |
Gradcnham de (Eradcliam ?y 1
liii. j
Green ... ... .^6 1
Greene ... ... 36, liii. !
Grene ... 35, 158, xxxi, 1. I Gresham 30, xlix. j
Gresham de, xlvii. (2), xlviii. I Greve ... ... yxix. |
Grey de ... xxxvii. 1
Grice ... ... xxxviii. !
Grifiin ... ... Ixix. j
Grime ... ... xxv. 1
Grosse ... ... 29 1
Grovvte ... ... Ixviii. [
Grubbe ... ... Ixxiv. !
Gramme ... xxv. I
Grunsburgh ... Ixxv.
Grj-ffyn ... ... 24, 50
Grym ... ijS.J.vixiii.
Gr}-me ... 122, xlviii.
Guumour ... xli.x.
Gunnor ... 38 (6), 42, 150 Curling, Ix. (2), see Gyrlyng Gurnay ... ... 2S Kz)
Gurney 140, 144, I45, 149,
151, 152, Lv.vxii. I
Gygges ... ... 38 )
Gylbert ... xxviii. :
Gyles ... ... Ixxv. '
Gymmyngham .. Jx.
Gyrlyng, liv,, Iv., see Curling
Habbe ... 123, xlvii.
Hackerson ... xxxvii ;
Hncoke (Hawke?) l.\i\. '■
Hales de ... 133:
Hall 56, 144, xvi., lii.
Halle ... ... 129, 130
Hamann ... xxiii.
H:"i!nnicn ... Ixxii. i
H.\mor.(l xvii., Ixv.
Hampton, Earl of 52
Hanbury 1 5 1) 152
Hanley ... ... 72
Harbord, 37 (3)- 3S. 68, 69, , 7^, 149, xl., xiii. j
Hankinsoii ... 151, 152 I
H.ardmgham xv., xviii. |
Hardcastle ... 151, 152 j
Hardyman ... Ixxix. j
Hare, g^ xxix., xlviii., x!ix. 1 Hare (.Sir Ralph) xxxvii. Harewell ... 23 (3)
Plarlewyn ... 54, 55
Harloe ... ... 134
Harlow... ... 133
Harlowe ... Ixxx.
Harman ... xlix.
Pj.e Harmer. 149, x^iv. {t\,
xwiv., li., lx.\i. (3>, sec
Hcrmer Harrison, .>iii., .w., xvi.,
Harsyk... 15?, ixviii. (2) Hart ... ... xvi.
Harvey, 43, r.xiv., xli.,
I.N xiii. Harward, 29. 53, 54, 56, 134,
xiix. (4J Har«oo(l ... 134
Haskins ... xxxvii.
Hastyng ... liv. (2)
Ua.siyn;.;cs ... 94
H.-.'ail'iJis ... 36
Havers ... ... 30
Hawarde ... Ixxxi.
Hav.ic ... ... Ixviii.
liay 15'. 152
Haybot ... .. xx:x.
Havdon ... Ixxiii.
IL-iyle 133
II.-'.}Ies 57, 139 li., Ixxiv. H.iylys ... ... Ixx7.
Haywarde ... Ixv.
IIc.-:h 92, xi., xiii.
Hederscte de ... xlvii. Heire de ... 59
Hei::lord ... 37
Hdlys 133
HennT>7 56, Ixvi.
Hendnngham ... Ixviii. Heninge ... Ixxiv.
Henzell ... lii. (2)
Herbert ... xxv. (2)
Hermer 20, S4, 131, 137,
XXV., Ixxiii., see Harmer Heme ... ... 67
Herrick ... 30
Herring ... 93, 95
Herrygate ... xxxiii.
Hcr.-^chell ... 1 54
Hert ... lx%-ii., Ixxv.
Herthe atte ... 138
Hcrvey ... 44, 123, 124, xiii. Hervi ... ... xlvii.
Hervy, 33, 34(2), 123, 124,
xxv, (2), Nlvit. Herward 27 (2), 28 (3), 29,
34(2) ITestyng liv. (2"), Iv.
Hewett ... ... 136. 137
Heydon 38, 39 (3). 57. 58,
59,83, 85, xl.,xxxi.(3),
xlviii. (2), xlix., Ivii. Heyles ...39, xxvi., Iv., Ixvi. Hides ... ... xxxviii.
Hickson ... xxvi.
HilJer Ixxx.
Hill ... ... 70, l.xxi.
ex IV,
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
|
PiiZe |
Pa-e 1 |
Pa^« |
|||
|
Hindringhim |
Ixix. |
Jakkysson |
156 1 |
Langham |
xix. |
|
Hinsby ... |
Ixx. |
Jakson ... |
xxix. |
Langle ... |
xxix. |
|
II'PP |
xxxvi. |
Jaksun ... |
155 |
Larkyn (Lerkin) |
Ixvii. |
|
Hixe(?Nixe) ... |
Ixviii. |
'lames I. of Scotland 49 |
Larwood |
I. |
|
|
Hoare ...147, 149, i |
5'. 152 |
James 12 |
1, xix., Iv., Ixxvii. |
Latyn^er |
24 |
|
Hobart ... 29, jo |
07, Hi. |
jarvis, xiii. |
(2), XV. (4), xxxix. |
Lawrence |
lii. |
|
Hoddesfcld |
23 |
Jeckes ... |
... xxxvi. |
Lavvson |
xxviii. |
|
Hodson |
133 |
Jekkys ... |
139, Ixxiv. |
Laxton ... |
139 |
|
Hogg ... |
xvii. |
Jenkins .. |
... Ixxx. |
Leak, v. (4). xvii. |
(6), xix., |
|
Hokar |
Ixvi. |
Jenkinson |
... li., xlix. |
xli., Ixxvii. |
|
|
Hoker ... l\xl^ |
-., Ixxv. |
Jenney ... |
1. |
Leake xxxviii. |
(2), xxxix. |
|
Holdyche |
xlix. |
Jermy ... |
liii. |
Learner |
xxiv. |
|
Holland xxxvi. (2) |
Jewell ... |
... 43, 09 |
Leche ... |
35 |
|
|
Holmes |
1. |
Jex, see Je |
ekes and Jekkys |
Lees ... |
xxviii. |
|
Holtyng |
xxix. |
Johnson |
139, I44,'.\iii. (2). |
L'Lstrange |
Ixv. |
|
Hook x.xxviii., .xli |
, Ixxiii. |
xxxii. |
(2), xxxiii., Ixx., |
Le l-ranco-s |
.. ii, (2) |
|
Hopton |
37 |
Ixxv. ( |
2), Ixx\i. |
Letnan ... 44, xxv. (2) |
|
|
Horborgh |
129 |
John the Dane ... xxxiii. |
Lemon ... |
xxxvi. |
|
|
Howard xviii. (2) |
XXV., |
Jolly ... |
Lxvi, |
Lemonie |
xxv. |
|
xxxviii., xli. |
Joly ... |
94 |
Lenesson |
17 |
|
|
Howe |
xxxvi. |
Jolyf ... |
xlviii. |
Le Neve |
140 |
|
Howes, 41, xviii., |
XX. (2), |
Jones ... |
■•• 144, 145 |
Leve |
124 |
|
Ixxiii,, Ixxvi., see |
Howse |
jonson ... |
xxx. |
Leveve ... |
xxv. |
|
Howeson |
94 |
Lewys ... |
xlviii. |
||
|
Howet ... |
xxix. |
Life ... |
39 (2), 42 |
||
|
Howse, Ixviii. (2), Ixn |
., Ixxii. |
Ratine ... |
XXV. |
Limesi de, 17, 20, |
21 (3;, 22 |
|
see Howes |
Kaye ... |
156, Ixxiv. |
(3), 79, 122 |
||
|
Hughfil' |
XXV. |
Keke ... |
51, Ixxiii. |
Lindsay de |
. 23, 122 |
|
Hughes |
67 |
Kemp ... |
63, 81, 96 |
Lines ... |
xix. |
|
Hughson |
Ixvii. |
Kennedy |
... XV. (4) |
Lingthweyt de . |
liii. |
|
Hunt ... |
Ixxv. |
Rente ... |
Ixviii. |
Lister ... |
xvi. |
|
Hunlt' ... |
X xviii. |
Ken tone |
137 |
Listowel, Viscoun |
of 31 |
|
Hurry ... |
xxix. |
Kerrich ... |
81, 107, 112 |
Listowe', Countess of 31 |
|
|
Hurst, 73, xxxvi,, |
XX xvii. |
Keswick |
152 |
Lodbrok de |
. So, 12S |
|
li., Ixxii. |
Rett |
xxxvu. |
Lokett ... |
xiv. |
|
|
Husbonde |
xxxiv. |
KettiU ... |
Ixvi. |
Lorn |
XXV,, xlvii. |
|
Hutcheson |
xxxii. |
Kettles ... |
xxiii. |
Lomb ... |
xxv. (2) |
|
Hutchesson |
xwii. |
Killington |
Ixxvii. |
Lomnor |
27, 57. 5S |
|
Hutchinson |
xxxvii. |
Kimball |
Ixxi. |
London |
ixxvi. |
|
Hutton ... |
Ixxvi. |
Kimble |
... 61, 65 |
London, Bishop of 124 |
|
|
HVy |
XXV. |
King |
... !., xvii. |
Long x.\. (2), |
xxi., xxix. |
|
Hydes |
Ixxxi. |
Kinge ... |
xxxvi. |
Loo^e ... |
xxi. |
|
HykljTigde |
13^ |
Kirby, 69, |
xii., XVI., xxxvii. |
Lound Atte |
hv. |
|
Hylders |
58,1. |
(3). x-^ |
xviii. (2), xli. (2), |
Louihe ... |
Ix. |
|
Hynde, xxx., xxxi., |
xxxii., |
111. (2 |
Love ,.. 1 |
xxi., Ixxix. |
|
|
Ixvi., Ixix. (2) |
Knighte... |
Ivi. |
Lowe ... |
Ixx, |
|
|
Hymyng |
Ixxiii. |
Knights |
Ixv'., Ixxvi. |
Lownd ... xxxviii., xli. (3) |
|
|
Hy...son(?) |
xxviii. |
Krolles |
xiix. |
Lucas ... |
124, li. |
|
Hyxe, xxvii, see Hi\ |
e |
KnoUys |
... 82, S3 |
Lukn ... |
136 |
|
Knowles |
S2 |
Lukin; ... |
3» |
||
|
Rnowls ... |
xi. |
Lumnor... |
29 |
||
|
IlbjTl |
132 |
Knyght ... |
xxx. |
Lund de |
xlvi. |
|
Ingham ... |
xxviii. |
Rylbey ... |
Ixix. |
Luscote |
126 |
|
Inglond 21, 3 |
?, 1., Ix. |
Rylbie ... |
Ixxviii. |
Lynde ... |
23 |
|
Iteiingham de |
122 |
Rymball |
IxxvL, |
||
|
Ivory ... |
xliii. |
Kyrkeman |
Iv. |
||
|
Ixforthe |
Ixxviii. |
Kyrtesson |
17 |
Macdonald Mack, fee Mikke Maddy ... |
3» 147, 14JS Ixx. |
|
Jacob |
xxi. |
Lambe ... |
xxxiii. (2), Ixxx. |
Madessone |
17 |
|
Jakkison 56, i |
56, Ixvi. |
Lancaster |
21, 52. SZ, 5^ |
Maggis ... |
Ixxiv. |
INDEX OF NAMES.
Pa^e
Maples (Magics?) Ixix.
Magnus xxxii., xxxiii. (3)
Magun ... ... Lxxx.
Makke ... 14S, Ixxv!
Malachy ... 52, 53
Malihouse ... xli.
Mambray ... 129, 130
Manby ... ... jt,
Mangill... ... ixviu.
Mangilles or Mangles, xxvi., x.\x., x.xxv., li., l.vxi,, Ixxvii.
Manne ... ... xxvii.
Mannisfcld (Manmysteld), 85, 13S, Ixxiii., see Mansfield or Mannisfield
Mannyngliam ... xx^iii.
Mansfcld ... xxviii.
Maiit ... ... xx.x.
Man wood ... Ivi.
Maran ... ... xxv.
Marchall, xxviii., see Mar- shall
Marche ... xlviii., Ixix
Marge (Marse or Marnye?), xxxi.
Maris or Mar)'s Lxx., Ixxi.
Mar (Meir ?) ... li.
Marriiier (?; ... x.Kxiv.
Marriney ... Ixxi.
Marryner ... Ixxix.
Marshall, 80, SS, xl., Ixxii., see Marchall
Marsye ... ... Ixxvi,
Marten ... ... Ixvii.
Martin ... 135, xl., Ixvii.
Marline ... 140, 141
Martyn ... 49, 56, 84, Jxxvi.
Maryot ... ... 132, Iv.
Mason, 56, 57, S4, xvin. ^3), xxvii., xli., Ixv., Ixvi., l.xvii. (2;, Ixxv., xli.
Matchett ... Ixxvi.
Mailask ... xxxvi.
Matthew ... 134
Mauclerk ... 123 (2)
Maveman ... l.Kxvi.
Mayes ... ... xix.
Mayne ... ... Lxix.
Mayson ... Lxvi.
Mean ... ... Ixxi.
Mendham, xxvi., xxx., Ixviii.
Metzuer ... 75
Meulings de ... 30
Mich til' ... 124
Mickelburgh x^i. (2), xvii.
Mickleburgh ... .wxviii.
Middleton ... xx., xxi.
Milehara 1 32, Ixxiii.
Mileiii ... ... 132
Milhara ... 132
Pa^e Miller, xxiv., xxxv., xxxvi.,
xxxvii. (2), xxxviii.,
xl. (2,1, xlvii., 1., lii.
(2), Ixv., l.\.\i., Ixxii.,
Ixxvi., Ixxvi:. Millcie ... ... xlvii.
Mingay, see Myngaye i-;0
.Mu-lield de Moanes ... .Mudy ... Moira ... .Molton .. Molyns ... •Monday -Mundye... .Money ... .\louey Ic Montjye le
128 ;
xxxvi. I
156 1 701
lxvi., Ixviii. :
50.
134
134.
75. 124, 134
134. x-^v. .
'34:
xxvii., lxvi. xxv. (2j, see
Monie le, xxv., see Monye .Monise ... Munsey ... Moiiion Monyo le, Monii Moore ... Morden Mordew -Morlee de -Morris ...
Pl-re
Nevele ... 21,36
Newland ... ixxii.
Newman, 93, xxviii., ii., ixxL
Ixxvi.i. (2), Newstead ... xx. (3)
Newton ... 1.
Nicholas ... Ixxxi.
NichuUs ... li.
Nicholscn ... xiv.
Nickols xiv., xxi. (2)
Nightingale ... \\\i,
Xockcils ... xli.
Norfolk, Earl of ... 25
Norfoike ... I xxi v.
.\ons, xxvii., see NortiS Norman, 47, 95, 132, xlviii.,
Ixiii., ixxiv , Ixxv. Norris, 28, Ixy., l.xj'.iii., see
Noris North Reppesde... xlvi, (2) Norwich, Bishop of, 35 (3),
56, 2>7, 57, 58, S3. 88,
90, loi, I2j, 127, xliii.,
54 xxxvi., xxxvii. Lxxvi. (2) i
liii. ! .x.xxvi. (i) j .Mosse, 37, 44, xxv. (4), Ixxix. I Moulton, xi., L\xv. (2), see [ i Mukon
LMoundcford ... 85;
j .Mounk ... ... xlvii. j
.Mountain ... xli., lii. f
-Mower ... ... l.xxvi. I
-MowUon (Multon) ixxv. |
-Moyne le 134, xxv,
-Mude ... ... lxvi,
-Muiings ... liii,
-Multon, 99, 139, xxvii., xx.iii., ixxxv.,l.xxv. (4), see -Mouilon -Multon de
Note
Nurse ... Nytingale
Ixxiv. xviii. hvvii.
Oddyngelis ... xlvii,
Odingsells, 20 (2), 22 (8),
33 12), \. Odyngsels de, 33, 122, sec
hdingsel Olde ... Oram
Osbern, Fitz 0:.bcrt til Usbert, Fitz Ojborn
lxvi
-Mund-iy
-Munds ...
Mundy ...
Muiiilys
.Muak ...
-Muason
Musiroytt
-Muswliyie
Myngaye
-Myi.gye
iMynhcer
Neal ... Nekton de NeUoii Ncve
139 1
1341 Lxvu.
134
XilX.
xxv.
Ixi.x., J.xxviii. (2) j
xxvii. j
lxxx. •
... Lx. (a)l
60 (2), Ivii. (2) , ... .XDC. (2)
XIV., XXXIX, I
126 xv.ii. l.x.xxi.
Osteler Otes
Overman Overton Owles ...
XXXVI., 1.
lx.,
Oxford, Earl of
ii. Lxix.
33 (2), 33 32 25 4.9
1X1.
Ixxv.
Ixxvii.
l.\.\viii.
37
Packman lxx , Ixxix.
Page ... ... xviii.
Paget 31
Pagrave lx., Ixi. (2)
Pain ... 41, 42, xxxvii. Paine li. (3), hi , Ixxi. (2) Pakenham de ... 25
Palgrave, 63, 64, 83, 139,
Lxxv. Palm' ... ... xxvi.
Palmer ...xviii., xlvi., Ixviii. Pame (Paine?) ... li.
Pampyn ... Ixv.
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Page\ Pank xvi. (2), xvii. {2), xwu.. Popyr.geay xxxvii., Ixxiii. (2;, I'onci ...
|
Ixxvii. |
(2) |
Puirctt ... |
|
|
Parant ... |
xxix. |
Poisor .. |
|
|
Parkes ... |
xxiii. |
Porter .. |
|
|
Parnell ... |
Ixvi. |
I'owells |
|
|
Partridge |
vi. (2), xxiv. |
ro-.\le .. |
|
|
Passheleu |
x\v. |
Poye .. |
|
|
Passeleu |
XXV. |
' Plate .. |
Paston 20. 23 (6), 24 (9) 57, 58, xlviii., liv.
Patrike ...
Pattesson 147, 151,
Paul xxxvii., 73, lii., i\.\i.l.
Pawter ... ... x.\x.
Paycock (Peacock) Ixv.
Payn ... 85, 132, xxxli.
Payne, 40, 41, 73, xi., xviii. (2), x.\x., xxxii., xxxiii., xxxvi. (4), Ixix., Ixxi., Ixxii. (3), Ixxvi., Ixxvii. (2), Ixxviii., lx.xx.
Pearson, 93 (3), xxxvii xlii., Ixxiii
Peck ...
Pecocke Ixx., Paycock
Pecok ...
Peele ...
Peerscn
Pelham ...
Pelle ...
Penned ...
Pergall ...
Penson ...
Perm an
Perne ...
Perrot ...
Pert
Pescod ...
Peter ...
Phillipis
\ inkeny
Pinkenny de
Pinkney de
Platen ...
Platfoote
Pa-e I ^^?'
xlvni. Reymes, 21, 28, 34, 39, 13'^. Lxviii. (2)1 Ixxvi., I.XXX1.
xxix. I Reymes de,25, 33 (4), 34 (-)
.. Ixvii. (2) i Reymund ... 44, ^'^^v.
xxi. j Reyner ... ... xlvu.
1. i Rice ... viii., xxviii.
Lxv. , Ixxx. ! Rich ... ... 124
23, 50 Richardson lio, xxxiv., xxxii, j xxxvi., Ixxi. (2), Ixxii.,
vo. Prater (?), xxxii., xxxiii., I „. l^-^^'"'- ^. , ,
Ixxix (2) «ee Prcter i Richardson als. Riches Ixxvi. 15S Prator ..." "... 1. Rjcheman
152 I'less xxi. (3) Riches, xvin
Preter ... ... xxix., x.x.xvui., xh
Ixxv. see Prater \ Rickman
Ixx. I Ridgewell 135 i Ridiboneman iCoiRie xxvii. j Rightwise Ixxix. ! Rippingal Ixvii. I Risburge Ixxviii. ! Rivers ... (2), xxvi. : Rivet ... ! Rivet (?) Ixxvi. I Rivett ... Ixx. Rix
I Robbyns Robert, King Roberts
Prevter ... Price ... Procter ... i'uliani ... i'urdy ... Purte ... Pyckeringe
., xvii. . Pye 148, 149,^-'
, xxxix., .xl. Ixxvii.
lxx\-i. Pylgrym L\xiv. see !
Ixxii. Pye als. Shipden
i Quincey lxv. I Quinsay xix., xxxix, , Qweniement xlviii. 1
xii. (2)
liv.
147 I Ixxix. Rannsome ... xxxiii,
Ixxiv. I Ransom 40, 42, 73, 149, xiv. l.xxvi. I (4), ^li., 1^12:.
liv. ! Ransome, xxiv., xxx.,
xxix. j xxxvii. (2), xx.xviii. (3),
54 1 .xxxix. (2), lii., Lx.xi.,
xxvii. I \\r.'n.
xxxvi. i Ranson ... ... 149
Robkin ...
RobkiDge
Robinson
Robkin ...
Robkyn
Robiart
. 49, Ix.
xxxvii.,
Ixxii.
81
li.
S4
xxxiv.
Ixvi.
.. xvii. (2)
.. xxxvi.
43
.. xxxvii.
xxxvi.
.. Ixxii. (2) Ixxv.
XXX.
49
.. 94, 134
38
.. . 3«
xxxvi., 1.
lxx\i.
,.. 3M-
8s
61, 63, 65 I Rant 37 (3), 39 (2), 41, 67 Rolvesson
Ixxix. I Raunson xxviii. \ Rawnsome 22; Ray 122 , Rayner ... 22 j Ra}nolds Ixxii. I Read Ixxv. 1 Rede, 23, 51 Plattin (?), xxxvi. (2), Ixxvii. 1 Ixxv.
Platlinge ... Iv. | Reed, 5
Platton... ... xl. |Reede .
Plattyn ... ... xxxvi. ' Reeve
Play ford 35, 3^ (2), 156 Rcmigi"
Plumbly 90, v. (5), xlii., lii., Ixxiii
.. 40, Ixix. , Rome
Robyns xxvi. (2), x.xxi., xnx. 42, xiv. ixvi. 24 56 17 56, Ixvi.
Rogers Roke Rokewode Rolle ...
xxvii. I Ropers ., .. xii. (2) Rossy ... II, Ixvii., ; Roston ... i Roughton 56, 84, 156, Ixvii. Rous ... 51, Ixxiv. 1 Rowell ... Ixviii. j Rowlond 36 ! Rowse . . . Rennesson ... 171 Ruddam
Rent (Rant?) ... xxvi. 1 Rudde
Plumley Plumslead de Ponder ... Ponynges Pope ... Popye ...
xxxviii. Repps ... ... 83JRudge...
43 , Reppes de 1 8. 43, :^vi. (3), j Rug ... Ixxvi. I liv. I Rugge ...
xlviii. i Rcpton ... ... 25 (4) , Ruiplvue de
Ixvi. : Reve ... ... xxix. | Runtone de
Ixxv. I Rey (see Rye) ... xxxvi. \ Russell ...
Rook, 73, xxi. (2), xii. (2),
(2) ' Rooke x.xxvii., xlii., Ixxviii. - 21, 24, 43
52 ii3 135 28 Ixvii. xxviii., xxix. 29 xxix. 56, 84, 138, Ixxiv. 93 Ixi. 29, 157, xlix. 124 124 li.
INDEX OF NAMES.
CXVil.
Page Rust lOl, I48,viii. (2), ix.(3), xxiii. (2), XXV., xxxvui., i xxxix.
Ixx.
133, Ixxvi,
22
xxiv.
, 77, 147, 14S,
, 154, xxiv. (3),
(2), xli., Ix.,
Ruston ... Ruston de Ry ... R>e, 60, 76
150, 153
xxxvi.
Ixx., Ixxii. (4), Ixxix
(see Rey and Kie)
Ryston ... ... 133
Ryston de ... 133
Rysying ... xxviu.
S ... XXX. (2)
Soars (Say ers ?) ... Ixix.
Sace ... xl., Ixxi., Ixxx. Sadeler... ... xxvi.
Sadler 85, 87,xxxiii., xxxiv., xxxvii.,li. (2), Ixix., Ixx., I.\xi. (2j, Ixxviii. Sahara de ... liii.
Salman ... 132, Ixxiii.
Salmon ... ... xviii.
Sailer ... ... 1.
Sandford 95, 99, xi., xxii, (5),
xxiv., xxxix. Sanford 100, 147, xxxix.
ixxix. xxxi. xxxii. ix. xviii. Ixxv. 80 Ixxv. 22, 52
35 lx.x.
35
25, »i
xviii.
155 xxix. I
, XXXIX
Shortin;:je ; ShortynL,'e
Shrympiyng I Sliypden ' Sibbessone 'Sibbs ... ib.llis ... ' Simond (Camond?) ixvi. I Simons 91, xxi. (2), xxiii. (3), xxxviii.
Page
ixxviii.
S<3
xlviii.
- 24, 34
17
136, ii., vi.
Sipeden de Sink ... Si<eyton de Sicillman Skinner Skot ... Skotte ... bkievenor Sky] man Slcynner Slape ... Smiili 44, 69,
xlvi,
XXV,
xlvii, Ixvi, (2)
Staes ...
S^aiiUchmidt
Stalliam
btaliiam de
Sialics ...
Standon de
Stanhow
Stailiors
Stapleton
Stapuil
Supulton
St. Uenci'.,
Steageman
Stephens
xli. Sterne xxvi. I Steward.. Ixviii. j Stockyn 158 ! Stokes .. Stcne .. Si on ham Storey .. Streiche
»4 xxix.
Ixxi.
133. 153.
Sare
Sarrse . . . Saise ... Sase
Saunderson Sautre ... Saxham de Sayve ... Scales ... Scambler Scar
Schypdene de Scott ... Seaman Semer ... Sengleton Sexton ... XX} Seyle ... Shank ... Shanke 60, Ivii. Sharpe ... Shay Shell 56, 84,
(Shelly ?) Shelley ... Saeppard Sheringham Sherwood Shintield Shipden Short ...
X., XI. (2), xui. (3), xvi.
(2), xvii , xix. (3), xxiv.,
xxxvii. (,2;, xxxi.K., xl.
(2), xli. (3), li., ].x.xi.,
l.xxii., l.xxx. S my the ... xxxiv., Ixxv.
Sm)ih 56, X., XXV., .xxvi.,
xxix., li , Iv. (4)
123
... 60, Ivii. (2), Ix. (2)
- 93, 137 ... Ixxviii. 96, Ixxv.
Ixvii. 30
93 ... 140, 141
49
149, Ixxix.
Ixxix.
|
Snelling |
66 |
|
Snolleton de |
liv. |
|
Soames |
93 |
|
Somerton de |
. Sr, l.x^. |
|
Soutersone de |
liv. |
|
Southowse |
56 |
|
Spark ... |
• 15s, 156 |
|
Sparke ... |
. IXV. (2) |
|
Sparks ... |
5' |
|
t par we... |
23 |
|
Spelman li. (see |
Spilman) |
|
Spencer |
• 50, ^n |
|
SpiUman xxxv. |
, h., l.xxi. |
|
Spilman 83, 150, xxx.. |
|
|
xxxiii., x;.xiv |
., Ixx., |
|
Ixxvi. (2) (see |
Spvlman) |
|
Spiltimber |
. Ixxv. |
|
Spincke (Spynk) .. |
Izxv. |
|
Spooner |
lii. |
|
Sprag-er |
Lxvii. |
|
Springald |
Lxx., Ixxi. |
|
Sprini^alf |
^23 |
|
Springail |
150 |
|
Springold xxxiv |
. (2), Ixx. |
|
.Spurgeon |
xiv. |
|
Spylman xxxi.. |
xxxii., |
|
xlviii., 1. |
|
|
ypynk |
99 |
|
Stacey ... |
xvi. |
|
Siacy ... |
xlix. |
|
Stageman |
Ixxvii. |
Pa.-e lii.
»03
... 129, 130
130
xlix.
liv,
... S3. 95
xi.
xxxvi.
lxvii.
26
\Lbot of 36
x;ii.
lxvii.
I.xxxi.
49 ... 131
... 09 Xll. ... xiv. (2) 42 ... xxi. (2) ... 23(2) Strong 56, i57-^--<vii..Jxvii. Slronge ... 157, Ixxiv., l.xxv. Sty wards ... 49
Subbold ... xx'x.
Subboide ... Ixviii!
Sufteld xx.x., x.xxL, xxxii.,
xli.x. (2), 1, SufTell ... ... xxxvii.
Suiueld ... 21 (2), 2S, 40, 77 Suffolk, Earl of ... 26, 53 Surflete ... Jxxiii.
^urr ... ... .\x.\iii,
Surrey, Earl of ... 52
Surtees ... ... 17
Sussin ... ... Ixxvii.
Sussins ... ... 70
Susson ... ... 73
Swan 41, 42, 73, xxi., xxu. (6), xxiv., xxxviii., xd., xlii., Ixxviii. Swann ... ... xxxvi.
Swanne... Ixxxi. (3)
S wanton 122, Ixxix.
Swayne the Dane xxxiii. Sydny ... ... lix. (2)
Symmys ... xxvii.
Symonds 2S, 30, lxvii.
xlvi. Iv.
Sythestrond de Sywhat
Tabald ... Tabbe ... Tailour ... Talbot ... Taunte ... Taylor 60, 62, 79,
xiii., Ixxiii. Taylour
34, 123
Ixxxi.
124
134
xxvi.
139,
lxvii
CXVlll.
CROMER, PAST AND PRESENT.
Pa^t I Tebald 34, 44. "2^, xxv. (2) \ Upcher ... Tebaud... 33, xlvii. (2) Urban ...
Tebaut ... ... 33 (2) ; Urford
Tenant (Tebaut ?) 21,341
Terry xix. (3), xlL, xlii., 1 y^^^^^
Ixxvii. Thackwell Thaxter Themilthorp Theobald Thetford Thomelyn Thommes
Page \ P^S^
ijbiWeyland 24(2), I2i
125, 129 Wcyiand de, 20 (2), 22 (5), 15S 23 (5)
Weylona de ... 44, 50
Whale ... ... ii.
Whall xl i. , X
liv 39. Ixxvu 1
271
54;
Thompson Ixx.. Ixxvii., Ixxxl. ; Thomson als. Barker lxxvi.(2) Thorman xix. (2), xx.
Thomham 56, Ixxiv.
Thorp de 21, 25, 26, 33, 34 (4)
;\auxde ... ^i Ixxvi
^^^- , Venysher xxx., see \ ynysher ■ wheailey '^3jVerede ... 2{. 37, wheatly i;!.-^ Veysey l^"'"'- Whiibie
|
Vial |
XV. |
|
Vynysher 1 x x i x . |
, see |
|
Venysher |
|
|
Vyolette |
lix. |
|
Vyslon ... |
xxviii. |
Thrower Tillard... Todd 42, xxxvi.
(2), Ixxiii. Told (Todd?) . Toly ... Tomlins
Wace ...
Wadelowe Ixxvi. Ixix.
147 Walcote de xl., lxxii.,t Walden
; Waidy ( ? ) xxv. j Wales, Prince of XX vi. I Walker 70, 71, 21, 27, 43 i Walleworth de
Tomlyn 21 (2), 29, Ixxvii. | \Valonr
Tomlynges Tomlyngs Tompson Tower ... Townsend Towlyng Toyle ... Tremlett Trenchemer Trunch de Tubber .. Tucker 146, xiii
xxxix. Tugge
1. I Walpook
|
29 |
||
|
y.ii. |
Ixxvii. 1: |
|
|
75. |
153, |
11. xlviii. xxix. xxvii. |
124
xxvu. xiv. (4),
Walsingham Walssh Ward 98
Ixxiv., Ix.wiii. Warde Ixvi., Ixx. (2)., Ixxv.
(2), IXXX.
I Wardlaw
I White I Whitefoote IWhitinge 1 Whittbie W'hypp ... i Wig<;ett IWighte... !Wilby ... jWild xxvi., xxxi I Ixxix. (3), Ixxx
I Willamans { Willament 52 I Willamont xxvi. j Willemot 94! Williams 123 i Williamson l.xxvi. ; Wiiliment 35, 59 ' Willoughby ... xlviu. 12) ! WiUowby 157, xxxiv., I., ! Wilson WMtcn Windham 31. 32 149
. , Ixxii.,
29
29
Ixx.
141, Ixxv,
Ixv.
Iv.
Ixxxi.
xxxvi.
xxvu. (Waddilove ? )
xlvii. Ixxii. xxvi.
Ixxv. Ixxiii. , Ixix.,
W^arner 123, xx
Ixxv. Walpole Warren de, 1 9,
47
XSXiX.
.\.\vi.,
XV. 1 Winter .. 21, 37 (3), ! W'iseman
Tuke Tukke .. Tule .. Tuppen Turner .. Tusard .. Tutlye .. Tyler ..
133- 139. 1^-<'V. 49. 9S, 133, 139 133
I Waryn, 44. 51. I3-. >^xv. (2) | Withers
xli.
xii. (2), Ixxii,
Ixxii.
... xxxvii.
93
xxviii,. Ixix.
... xxxviii.
XXX., xlix.
Ixxi.
Ixxi.
xix.
20, 29, 30,
69, lOl, 144,
X. (3), .xi. (2),
xiv., XXXV. (3). xxxviii.,
xxxix., xL (2), xli., lii.
128
.. 61,65
i Witchingham de ...
155.
Uffet Ixx.
Ufifordao, 25. 26 (7), 27 (2), 30, 32, 35 (3). 41. 42, ! 82, xi. I
Ufford de 25, 26 (3), l.xxui. 1
UfFordys .•• 29
Underwood 20, 29 (3), 30 (3\ Wcivyck 60, 9|, 134- XXXV., 1. (2), : Wohvyk li. (2), Ivii. (4). Iviii., i Weston lix.. (2\ Ixv., Ixxvi. (2) j Wc=ton de
Undrewood ... lix. (2) | Wethcrby
xxv. j Witten ...
Ix. . Witting
l54!Wlf(UIph?)
Ixxix. I Wltled ...
K\v. ; Wode Atte
Webb 73, xii.. xiii., xxii. (3), | Wodchouse
xxiii., xxxvii., xxxix., | Wodehouse atte Ixxii., Ixxiii. j Wodeson
Webster xxxvi., Ixx., Ixxii. 1 Wolley ... Weetinge ... Ixxix. 1 Wolman
Weld ... ••• 69 1 WoodcrctTe
Wataille Waterdone 49 Waterhouse 154 I Watson 134, 139 XX xxxix. I Wawys 123 Ixxx. Ixxi.
77
Wfldyn Welle Welles Welman Wei ton ...
154. 155
xxxvi. j Woodcroft 155, Ixxiv. (2)1 Woodhou
Ixvni. I Wcodhus Ixxvi. { Woodrof Ixviii. 1 Woodrow IxviiL i Woodsiccke xxvi. ! W'oolsy ... lii. j Wooton... 12S ; W^ootton xxii- i Wordham
40 lii. xix.
XXX X.
liii.
liv. (2)
123, liv.
, xxxvii.
123
17
Ixiv,
Ixxv.
xxxvi.
xxvi.
:; P
Ixviii.
xli. (2), lii.
Ixxvi.
xxxvi. (2)
28
82
68
INDEX OF NAMES.
CX1?C.
Wotton ... 28, 82 ' Wylkynessone
Worcester de ... 22 Willowby
Wrask ... ... 49 i Wylloughby
Wright 31, 78, XX , xxxviii., j Wymer
xli., Ixvi., Ixvii. (2), 1 Wyndham 30 (io), 31 (3). j Wyr.iiiig
|
Page |
Pi' |
|
|
131 |
Wyliot |
1 ■; |
|
Ixxi. |
Wyngreworlh de .. |
12S |
|
xxxi. |
Wynter |
z'u :S |
|
Ixxvi, |
Wyskyn |
x\v:i. |
|
Wri£;hte |
31 1 |
|
Wuiflete |
155 1 |
|
Wychingham de . |
. 36, 46 |
|
Wylfull... |
155 |
|
Wyliot ... |
13S |
|
Wyld ... |
XXX. 1 |
|
Wylde xxxi., xx |
xii., ixix., 1 |
|
Ixxix. |
1 |
38. 40. 41 42. 4'.
57, 58, 66. 67, 68, 69,1
73, 74, 75, 76. SS, lOl, j Vannouth
133, Ij6, 144, 145, 146, Yarmouth La-^y
149, iii. (4). iv. (^), ' Vax'ey
xxi., xxiv., XXX., xxxvii., Yn^londe
xxxix., .xK (4). xliii., li. ^ Voungman
(2), Iii. (2), Ixxiii. !
?4 67 102, 103 39 153
N. MANCHESTER. INDIANA
}i