CROSSOSOMA SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont CA 91711 Crossosoma Vol. 12, No. 1 February, 1986 Issue Editors: Robert F. Thorne and Sherry Schmidt Managing Editors: C. Eugene Jones and Allan Schoenherr NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN A FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, P.A. Munz, 1974. Fred M. Roberts, Jr. Museum of Systematic Biology University of California, Irvine Since Phillip A. Munz published A Flora of Southern California in 1974, numerous revisions and additions have affected the nomenclature of this popular work. While I was working for the herbaria at the University of California Santa Barbara and Irvine campuses, I began to investigate publications and prepare a list to keep up on recent nomenclature for my own purposes. At the invitation of Dr. C.E. Jones I am presenting the results of my effort in Crossosoma. The following list of taxa are alphabetically arranged as in Munz, 1974. If the species has undergone revision or has had a change in status, the name as listed in Munz is given first followed by the source of the change and, when necessary, a statement regarding the usage. Not all nomenclature changes have been broadly accepted. In sources such as Kartesz fc Kartesz, 1980, there are numerous deviations from Munz, 1974 and all though many are easily traced to their source, a fair number are not so readily located. There is a growing tendency to accept these names without first exam- ining the source. Taxonomic nomenclature is an opinionated field. The best way to deal with a name change is to read the source article, weigh the arguments presented and compare them with other recent publications or investigate usage at local institutions such as the herbaria at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens, University of California Irvine, Los Angeles or Santa Barbara. The following list briefly discusses many of Kartesz & Kartesz changes or tells the reader where to find a discussion. New additions to the flora are generally not listed unless the new taxon clarifies existing taxonomic problems. Kartesz fc Kartesz , A Synonym! zed Check- list of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland, Vol. II The Biota of North America, 1980. is abbrieviated as K. & K. ASPIDIDACEAE Polystichum muni turn (Kaulf.) Presl. ssp. imbricans (D.C. Eat.) Munz « Polys tichum imbricans (D.C. Eat) D.H. Wagner ssp. imbricans . D.H. Wagner, Systematics of Polystichum in Western North America North of Mexico. Pteridologica Is 5-57, 1979. Polystichum muni turn (Kaulf.) Presl. ssp cur turn Ewan. « Polystichum imbricans (D.C. Eat) D.H. Wagner ssp. cur turn (Ewan.) Wagner. D.H. Wagner, Systematics of Polystichum in western North America North of Mexico. Pteridologica Is 5-57, 1979. - 1 - OPH I OGLOS SACEAE Ophioglossum californlcum Prantl. * Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. ssp. californlcum (Prantl.) Clausen ttiis name originates from Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 1-177, 1938 and is recognized by authors A.R. Smith, W.H. Wagner and T. Duncan (Madrono 27: 47-48, 1980.), D.B. Lellinger (A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the U.S. and Canada, Smithsonion Inst., 1985) and J.P. Smith fc R. York. (Rare and BvSangered Vascular Plants of California California Native Plant Society Spec. Publ. No. 1, third ed., 1984.). 0. lusitanicum also occurs in Europe. PTERI DACEAE Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon var. viscosa (Nutt.) ex D.C. Eat. Heath. * Pityrogramma triangularis var. viscosa (D.C. Eat.) Weatherby. Kartesz t Kartesz (1980) . The author of P. t. var. viscosa is not properly given in Munz. K & K. corrects this error. CUPRESSACEAE Cupressus Stephenson il C.B. wolf This taxon is listed as Cupressus arizonica Greene var. stephensonii (C.B. Wolf) Little in Kartesz fc Kartesz, 1980. Cupressus forbesii Jeps. « Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats. ssp. forbesii (Jeps.) Beauchamp. R.F. Thorne. New Subpecific Combinations for Southern California Plants. Aliso 9: 191, 1978. Listed in K t K as C. £. var. forbesii (Jeps.) Little. See discussion on subspecies and variation in Thorne's paper listed above. PINACEAE Pinus murrayana Grev. & Balf . ■ Pinus contorts Dougl. ssp. murrayana Eng elm. W.B. Critchfield 6 E.L. Little, Geographic Distribution of Pines of the World. DSDA Forest Serv. Misc. Pub. 991, 1966. This usage is recognized in Kartesz & Kartesz, 1980. ACANTHACEAE Beloperone calif or nica Benth. ■ Justicia californica (Benth.) D. Gibson D. Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 34: 64-74, 1972. AIZOACEAE Drosanthemum speclosum (Haw.) Schwant. OMIT FROM FLORA (Calif, refs, apparently being Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwant . W.R. Ferren, J. Bleck & N. Vivrette, Malephora crocea (Aizoaceae) Naturalized in California. Madrono 28: 80-85, 1981. Gasoul crystallinum (L.) Rotm. « Masembryanthemum crystallinum L. Gasoul nodiflorum (L.) Rotm. * Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. - 2 - NEW ADDITION: Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwant. W.R. Ferren, J. Bleck & N. Vivrette. Malephora crocea (Aizoaceae) Naturalized in California. Madrono, Vol. 28, No. 2: 80-85, 1981. Also included under this name: Drosanthemum speciosum (Haw.) Schwant. Calif, ref. See discussion in paper above. ANACARD I ACEAE Rhus laurina Nutt, ex T. & G. « Malosoma laurina (Nutt, ex T. & G.) Nutt, ex Abrams. D.A. Young. Comparative Wood Anatomy of Malosma and Related Genera (Anacardiacea) . Aliso 8: 133-146, 1974. ASTERACEAE Aster adscendens Lindl. in Hook « Aster ascendens Lindl. A.G. Jones. A Classification of the New World Species of Aster (Asteraceae) . Brittonia 32: 230-239, 1980. Aster exilis Ell. ■ Aster aubulatus Michx. var. llgulatus Shinners. Recognized by K. & K. and A.G. Jones (A Classification of the New World Species of Aster (Asteraceae) . Brittonia 32: 230-239, 1980. Chrysopsis brewer i Gray * Heterotheca brewer! (Gray) Shinners J.C. Semple, V.C. Block fc P. Beiman, Morphological, anatomical, habit and habitat differences among the goldenaster genera Chrysopsis, Heterotheca and Pityopsis ( Compos itae- As t e reae ) . Canadian J. Bot. 58: 147-163, 1980. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. echioides (Benth.) Gray * Heterotheca echioides (Benth.) Shinners SEE listing under Chrysopsis brewer i Gray. Chrysopsis villosa var. fastigiata (Greene) Hall * Heterotheca fastiglata (Greene) Harms. SEE listing under Chrysopsis brewer i Gray. Chrysopsis villosa var. hisplda (Hook.) Gray ex D.C. Eat. ■ Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. hispida (Hook.) Harms SEE listing under Chrysopsis brewerl Gray. Chrysopsis villosa var. sessiliflora (Nutt.) Gray ■ Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners SEE listing under Chrysopsis brewer! Gray. Haplopappus Haplopappus is a large and diverse genus that has undergone a great deal of work and is in need of much more. Some workers would elevate the subgenera to the genus level, others would retain the genus in its entirety. At this time, there appears to be a trend to elevate the segregates Hazard ia . Isocoma , Eri earner ia and other subgenera to Genera. K. 6 K. follows this usage recog- nizing the genera Hazardia and Kricameria and Isocoma in part, while other members are placed in Machaeranthera and Prlonopsls . If the genus is segreg- ated, the following combinations are available. Note: Haplopappus acaulls (Nutt.) Gray, H. gllmanil Blake, H. junceus Greene, H. macronema Gray and H. uniflorus (Hook.) T. 4 G. are not listed below and remain in Haplopappus . Haplopappus acradenius (Greene) Blake sap. acradenius . - Isocoma acradenia Greene ssp. acradenia. Haplopappus acradenius ssp. eremophilus (Greene) Hall * Isocona eremophila Greene. This taxon would better be placed under Isocoma acradenius but the proper combination does not exist at this time. - 3 - Haplopappus arborescens (Gray) Hall. ■ Ericameria arborescens (Gray) Greene Kartesz k Kartesz, 1980. See note under Haplopappus parishii . Haplopappus brickelloides Blake. * Hazardia brickelloldes (Blake) W.D. Clark W.D. Clark. Die Taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae) . Madrono 26: 105- 127, 1979. Haplopappus canus (Gray) Blake * Hazardia cana (Gray) Greene W.D. Clark. The Taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono 26: 105- 127, 1979. Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. This taxon is listed as Prionopsis ciliata Nutt, in K. k K. Haplopappus cooper i (Gray) Hall. * Bri earner ia cooper! (Gray) Hall ssp. cooper! . L.E. Urbatch k J.R. Wussow, Die Taxonomic Affinities of Haplopappus linearifolius (Asteraceae-Astereae) • Brittonia 31: 265-275, 1979. Haplopappus cuneatus Gray ■ Erlcaaeria cuneata (Gray) McClat. var. cuneata . var. aacrocephala Urbatsch var. spathulata (Gray) Hall L.E. Urbatsch. Systematics of the Ericameria cuneata Complex (Compositae, Astereae). Madrono 23: 338-345, 1976. Haplopappus detonsus (Greene) Raven * Hazardia detonsa (Greene) Greene W.D. Clark. The Taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono 26: 105- 127, 1979. Haplopappus ericoides (Less.) H. k A. ■ Ericameria ericoides (Less . ) Jeps . ssp. blakel C.B. Wolf is included within E. ericoides in Kartesz k Kartesz and I have been unable to locate the neccessary combination under Ericameria . See note under Haplopappus parish! . Haplopappus gooddingii (A. Nels.) M. k J. « Machaeranthera plnnatlflda (Hook.) Shinners ssp. goodlngil Turner & Hartm. B.L. Turner k R. Hartman. Infraspecific Categories of Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Compositae). Wrightia 5: 308-315, 1976. Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray This taxon is listed as Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinners in K. k K. Haplopappus laricifolius Gray * Ericameria larlcifolia (Gray) Shinners. Kartesz fc Kartesz, 1960. Haplopappus linearifolius DC. * Ericameria linear! folia (DC) Urbatsch k Wussow L.E. Urbatch k J.R. Wussow, The Taxonomic Affinities of Haplopappus linearifolius (Asteraceae-Astereae) . Brittonia 31: 265-275, 1979. Haplopappus palmer! Gray ssp. pachylepls Hall ■ Ericameria palmer 1 (Gray) Hall ssp. pachylepls (Hall) Urbatsch Both this and the following forms are used in Kartesz k Kartesz, 1980. See note under Haplopappus parish! . Haplopappus palmeri ssp. palmer! . ■ Ericameria palmer! (Gray) Hall ssp. palmeri . - 4 - Haplopappus parishii (Greene) Blake ** Ericameria parish! (Greene) Hall Kartesz k Kartesz, 1980. Specimens annotated by Urbatsch at UCSB list this taxon as Ericameria arborescens (Gray) Greene ssp. parishii (Greene) Hall. L.E. Urbatsch and C. Bondy have been sited as preparing a paper on the Er leaner ia ericoides complex in Madrono (Urbatsch 6 Wussow, Brittonia 31s 275, 1979) but the paper apparen- tly was never published and I have not been able to locate it elsewhere. I presume this paper would support the annotations at UCSB. Other annotations by Urbatsch includes Ericameria arborescens asp. arborescens , E. palmeri (Gray) Hall ssp. pachylepis (Hall) Urbatsch, E. £. ssp. palmeri , E. ericoides (Less.) Jeps. ssp. ericoides and E. ericoides ssp. pinifolia (Gray) Hall. Haplopappus pinifolius Gray * Ericameria pinifolia (Gray) Hall Kartesz k Kartesz, 1980. See discussion under Haplopappus parishii . Haplopappus propinquus Blake ■ Ericameria brachylepis (Gray) Hall Kartesz k Kartesz, 1980. Haplopappus squarrosus H. & A. ssp. grindelioides (DC.) Keck * Hazardia squarrosa (H. 6 A.) Greene var. grindel lodes (DC.) Clark W.D. Clark. The Taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae) . Madrono 26: 105- 127, 1979. Haplopappus squarrosus H. & A. ssp. obtusus (Greene) Hall ■ Hazardia squarrosa var. obtusa (Greene) Jeps. W.D. Clark. The Taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono 26: 105- 127, 1979. Haplopappus venetus (HBK) Blake ssp. furfuraceus (Greene) Hall This taxon has been called Isocoma veneta var. decumbens Jeps. Haplopappus venetus ssp. oxyphyllus (Greene) Hall ■ * Isocoma oxyphyllus Greene. This taxon is better placed under I. veneta however no name is available at this time. Haplopappus venetus var. sedoides (Greene) Munz * Isocoma veneta Greene var . sedoides Jeps . Haplopappus venetus ssp. vernonioides (Nutt.) Hall. * Isocoma veneta Greene var. vernonioides Jeps. Hemizonla ramosissima Benth., include under Hemizonia fasclculata (DC.) T. k G. B. Tanowitz, Syst. Bot. 7: 314-339, 1982. Hemizonia panlculata Gray ssp. lncrescens Hall ex Keck « Hemizonla lncrescens (Hall ex Keck) Tanowitz. B. Tanowitz, Syst. Bot. 7: 314-339, 1982. Las then ia chrysostoma (F. k M.) Greene - Lasthenla callfornica DC. ex Lindley. R. Ornduff . Lasthenla californica (Compositae) , Another Name for a Common Goldfield. Madrono 25: 227, 1978. Machaer anther a cognata (Hall) Cronq. k Keck * Xylorhlsa cognata (Hall) Watson T.J. Watson, Jr. The Taxonomy of Xylorhiza ( Aster aceae-As ter eae) . Brittonia 29: 199-216, 1977. Machaer anther a leucan them! folia (Greene) Greene This taxon is listed a6 a synonym of M. canescens (Pursh) Gray ssp. canescens . in K. & K. - 5 - Machaeranthera orcutti (Vasey & Rose) Cronq. & Keck » Xylorbiza orcutti (Vasey & Rose) Greene T.J. Watson, Jr. The Taxonomy of Xylorhiza (Asteraceae-Astereae). Brittonia 29: 199-216, 1977. Machaeranthera tortifolia (Gray) Cronq. fc Keck * Xylorhiza tortlfolia (T. & G.) Greene var. tortifolia . T.J. Watson, Jr. The Taxonomy of Xylorhiza (Asteraceae-Astereae). Brittonia 29: 199-216, 1977. Palafoxia linearis (Cav . ) Lag . var . gigantea Jones * Palafoxia arida C.L. Turner & M.I. Morris var. gigantea (Jones) C.L. Turner fc M.I. Morris B.L. Turner 6 M.I. Morris, New Taxa of Palafoxia (Asteraceae: Helenieae) . Madrono 23: 79-80, 1975. Palafoxia linearis var. linearis (U.S. refs.) * Palafoxia arida var . arida . B.L. Turner & M.I. Morris, New Taxa of Palafoxia (Asteraceae: Helenieae). Madrono 23: 79-80, 1975. Pluchea purpurascens (SW.) DC. * Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. W.T. Gillis, Pluchea Revisited. Taxon 26: 587-591, 1977. Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Cov. Kartesz & KarteBZ lists this taxon as Tessaria sericea (Nutt.) Shinners. This name does not appear widely accepted in California but has been used by j.h. Lehr, 1978 (A Catalogue of the Flora of Arizona) . 'rtie name originates with Shinners, Sida 3: 122, 1967. Solidago occidental is (Nutt.) T. 6 G. ■ Euthamia occidentals Nutt. D.J. Sieren. The Taxonomy of the Genus Euthamia. Rhodora 83: 551-579. 1981. Stephanomeria exigua Nutt, var. pentachaeta (D.C. Eat.) Hall, include under: Stephanomeria exigua var . exigua . L.D. Gottlieb, A Proposal for Classification of the Annual Species of Stephanomeria (Compos i tae ) . Madrono 21: 463-481, 1972. NEW ADDITION: Stephanomeria exigua var. ooronaria (Greene) Gottlieb See reference under var. pentachaeta . NEW ADDITION: Stephanomeria d lege ns is Gottlieb. See reference under Stephanomeria exigua . Specimens fitting this species have previously been placed under both Stephanomer ia exigua and S. virgata . BERBER I D ACEAE Some authors raise the section Mahon ia to the genus level. All species of California Berberis belong to this section. In K. & K. they are listed as follows: Berberis amplectens (Eastw.) Wheeler ■ Mahon ia amplectens Eastw. Berberis dictyota Jeps. * Mahon ia dictyota (Jeps.) Fedde Berberis fremontii Torr. ■ Mahon ia fremontii (Ttorr.) Fedde B. haematocarpa Woot. * Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Berberis higginsae Munz « Mahonia higginsae (Munz) Ahrendt Berberis nevinii Gray - Mahonia nevinii (Gray) Fedde Berberis pinnata Lag. « Mahonia pinnata (Lag.) Fedde (K. 6 K. includes ssp. insularis Munz under M. pinnata ) . - 6 - BORAGINACEAE Coldenia canescens DC. ■ Tiquilla cane scene (DC.) A. Richardson var. canescens . var. pulchella (Jtn.) Richardson A.T. Richardson. Monograph of the Genus Tiquilia (Coldenia , senso lato) Boraginaceae: Ehretioideae. Rhodora 79: 467-572, 1977. Coldenia nuttallii Hook. ■ Tiquilia nutallli (Benth . ex Hook . ) Richardson SEE reference under Coldenia canescens . Coldenia palmer! Gray ■ Tiquilia palaeri (Gray) Richardson SEE reference under Coldenia canescens . Coldenia plicata (Torr.) Cov. - Tiquilia plicata (Torr . ) Richardson SEE reference under Coldenia canescens. Heliotropiun curaasavicim L. var. oculatum (Heller) Jtn. Heliotropum curassavicua ssp. oculatum (Heller) Thorne R.F. Thorne. New Subpecific Combinations for Southern California Plants. Aliso 9: 191, 1978. Pectocarya linearis (R. £ P.) DC. var. ferocula Jtn. Pectocarya linearis ssp. ferocula (Jtn.) Thorne R.F. Thorne. New Subpecific Combinations for Southern California Plants. Aliso 9: 191, 1978. Plagiobothrys californicus (Gray) Greene var. callfornicus . * Plagiobothrya collinua (Phil.) Jtn. var. callfornicus . L.C. Biggins. A Revision of the Echidiocarya Section of Plagiobothrys (Boraginaceae). Great Basin Nat. 34: 161-166, 1974. Plagiobothrys callfornicus var. fulvescens Jtn. ■ Plag iobothrys collinus var. fulvescens (Jtn.) Higgins SEE reference under preceding listing. Plagiobothrys californicus var. gracilis Jtn. * Plagiobothrys collinus var. gracilis (Jtn.) Higgins SEE reference under var. californica . Plag iobothrys californicus var. ur sinus (Gray) Jtn. « Plagiobothrys collinus var. ur sinus (Gray) Higgins SEE reference under var. californica . Plagiobothrys undulatus (Piper) Jtn. K. 6 K. lists this taxa as Plagiobothrys chorlsianus (Cham.) Jtn. var. undulatus (Piper) Higgins BRASSICACEAE Cardamine gambelli Wats. Kartesz £ Kartesz lists this taxon as Nasturtium gambelii (Wats.) O.E. Schulz. Rorippa na8turtium-aquaticum (L.) Schinz £ Thell. ■ Nasturtium officinale R. Br. This form is followed in Kartesz £ Kartesz and in Flora Europea. As a reminder, other changes in Rorippa are found on pg. 1017 under Additions and Corrections in Munz, 1974. CACTACEAE Opuntia Species listing 12. "occidental is" has been called "demissa" a name originating from Opuntia demissa Griffiths, see Benson £ Walkington, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 262- 273, 1965. - 7 - CAMPANULACEAE Triodanls biflora (R. i P.) NcVaugh. ■ Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwland var. biflora (R. fc P.) Bradley T.R. Bradley, Hybridization between Triodanis perfoliata and Triodanis biflora (Campanulaceae) . Brittonia 27: 110-114, 1975. CAPPARIDACEAE Isomer is arborea Nutt. This taxon is listed as Cleome isomer is Greene in Kartesz & Kartesz. This name has been used by various early California authors and seems to be gaining in popularity. CAPRI FOLIACEAE Sanbucus mexicana Presl. L. Benson 6 R.A. Da r row, 1981 (Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts) refer to this species as Sanbucus caerulea Raf. var. mexicana (Presl) L. Benson. Considering some of the simularities between these two species, this combination should perhaps recieve greater attention. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria callfornica (Gray) Brew. - Minuartia cal if or nica (Gray) Mattf. in Kartesz t Kartesz, 1980. SEE J. McNeill, The Delimitation of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) and Related Genera in North America, with 11 New Combinations in Minuatia. Rhodora 82: 495-501, 1980. for discussion of the relationship of Minuartia to Arenaria . Arenaria douglasii Penzl ex T. I G. • Minuartia douglasii (Penzl ex T. & G.) Mattf. var. douglasii . SEE reference under Arenaria calif ornica . Arenaria nuttallii Pax ssp. gracilis (Gray) Maguire * Minuartia nuttallii (Pax) Briq. ssp. gracilis (Robinson) Maguire SEE reference under Arenaria calif ornica . Arenaria pusilla Wats. var. diffusa Maguire * Minuartia puailla (Wats.) Mattf. var. diffusa (Maguire) McNeill SEE reference under Arenaria californica . Arenaria pusilla var. puBilla . ■ Minuartia pusilla (Wats.) Mattf. var. pusilla . SEE reference under Arenaria californica . Arenaria rubella (Wahl.) Sm. - Minuartia rubella (Wahl.) Hiern in K. t K. SEE reference under Arenaria californica . Also Plora Europea Is 131, 1964. CELESTRACEAE Por selles ia R. Thorne feels this genus is better placed in CROSSOSOMATACEAE see: R.F. Thorne 6 R. Scogin. Forsellesia Greene (Glossope talon Gray) , A Third Genus in Crossosomataceae , Rosineae, Rosales. Aliso 9: 171-178, 1978. CHHJOPODIACEAE Burotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. - Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell Recognized by Kartesz & Kartesz, 1980, L. Benson k R.A. Darrow, 1981 (Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts) , et. al. - 8 - Sallcornia subterminalis Parish. - Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish) Standi. Arthrocnemum is delimiated from Salicornia in Kartesz & Kartesz, 1980 and Flora Europea I: 101, 1964. Suaeda depressa (Pursh.) Wats, (including var. erecta Wats.) « Suaeda calceollformis (Hook.) Moq. J. McNeill, I.J. Bassett & C.W. Crompton. Sueada calceoliformis, the correct name for Sueada depressa Auct. Rhodora 79: 133-138, 1977. Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forsk., OMIT FROM FLORA, for Calif, refs. SEE S^ californica Wats, fc esteroa Ferren k Whitmore. Refer to listing under S^ esteroa . Suaeda torreyana Wats. & S.T. (including var. ramosiBBima (Standi.) Munz) ■ Suaeda moqulnli (Torr.) Greene I.J. Bassett & C.W. Crompton. The Genus Suaeda in Canada. Canadian J. Bot. 56: 581-591, 1978. NEW ADDITION Suaeda esteroa Ferren k Whitmore W.R. Ferren & S.A. Whitmore. Suaeda esteroa (Cenopodiaceae) , A New Species from the Estuaries of Southern California and Baja California. Madrono 30: 181-190, 1983. Kartesz fc Kartesz recognizes the following combinations. At this time, I have not seen papers supporting these names, or as in Atriplex linearis Standi., the supporting evidence is weak. Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. ssp. linearis (Wats.) Hall & Clem, listed as: Atriplex linearis Wat6. Hie relationship betwwen this taxon and A. canescens is best displayed by retaining the subspecific rank. Salicornia bigelovli Torr. is listed as: Salicornia virginica . This is not a correct interpretation. S. bigelovii is an annual species while S. virginica L. is a perennial which at times has been called by various authors S. pacifica Standi. Kartesz has placed the last taxon under Sarcocornla pacifica Standi. Hie genus Sarcocornla is presented by A. J. Scott in Bot. Linn. Soc. Vol. 75, 1978 which the author has not seeiv. Scott appearantly sgregates the rhizomotus perennials from Salicornia which maybe justified. Salicornia utahensis Tides, listed as Sarcocornia utahensis (Tides.) A.J. Scott. CISTACEAE Cistus villosus L. - Cistus incanus L. Flora Europea, Kartesz & Kartesz and Hortus 3rd. CRASSULACEAE Crassula M. Bywater 6 G.E. Wickens, 1983 (New World species of the genus Crassula. Kew Bull. 39: 699-728.) review the genus Crassula and propose numerous changes that would affect our area. I have not had a chance to compare their work with actual material, however, if their findings are accepted, the following changes will take place: Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. (Southern Calif, refs.) * Crassula solleril (Gay) Meigen C. aquatica would pressumably occur in California in more saline situations farther north. Hie paper makes it diffi- cult to determine whether Crassula saginoides (Maxim.) Bywater & Wickens should occur in Southern California as well. I examined one specimen at IRVC collected at the Santa Rosa Plateau which on quick examination seemed to fit this last taxon. - 9 - Crassula erecta (H. & A.) Berger « Crassula connata (R. & P.) Berger var. erectoides Bywater & Wickens var. eremica (Jeps.) Bywater & Wickens var. subs implex (wats.) Bywater & Wickens Dudleys blochmanae (Eastw.) Moran ssp. brevi folia (Moran) Moran * Dudleys brevifolla (Moran) Moran ERICACEAE Cosmos taphy los diversifolia (Parry) Greene var. diversifolia . * Ccmarostaphylos diversifolia ssp. diversifolia . R.P. Thorne. New Subpecific Combinations for Southern California Plants. Aliso 9: 191, 1978. Comaros taphy los diversifolia (Parry) Greene var. planifolia Jeps. * Coma r os taphy los diversifolia ssp. planifolia (Jeps.) G. Wallace SEE reference under variation diversifolia. EUPHORBIACEAE Ditaxis Kartesz & Kartesz, 1980, place all the Southern California Dltaxis in the genus Argyth amnia . This arrangement was put forth by J. Ingrim, New Species and New Combinations in the Genus Argythamnia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80: 420-423, 1953. Argyth ami a has apparently been used by various authors in Arizona but not used by Munz, 1959 or 1974. Those interested in combinations under Argythamnia should refer to Kartesz or the above reference. Euphorbia D.L. Koutnik, 1985, New Combinations in California Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) . Madrono 32: 187-189, and others have demonstrated that the subgenus Chamaesyce should be accorded Genus status. Under the new system, the following names apply: Euphorbia abramsiana Wheeler ■ Chamaesyce abramslana (Wheeler) Koutnik Euphorbia albomarginata T. & G. - Chamaesyce albomarginata (T. & G.) Small Euphorbia arlzonlca Eng elm. ■ Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelm.) Arthur Euphorbia fendleri T. I G. ■ Chamaesyce fendlerl (T. fc G.) Small Euphorbia maculata L. ■ Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small Euphorbia melanadenia Torr. » Chamaesyce melanadenia (Torr.) Millsp. Euphorbia mlcromeria Boise . ■ Chamaesyce micromeria (Boise.) Woot. 4 Standi. Euphorbia ocellata Pur, t Hllg. var. arenicola (Parish) Jeps. « Chamaesyce ocellata (Dur. t Hilg.) ssp. arenicola (Parish) Thorne Buphorbia ocellata var. ocellata . ■ Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. ocellata . Euphorbia parlshii Greene * Chamaesyce parish!! (Greene) Millsp. Euphorbia parry! Engelm. - Chamaesyce parry! (Engelm.) Rydb. Euphorbia pedlcullfera Engelm. * Chamaesyce pediculifera (Engelm.) Rose & Standi. Euphorbia platysperma Engelm. ■ Chamaesyce platyaperma (Engelm.) Shinners Euphorbia polycar pa Be nth . var. hirtella Boiss ■ Chamaesyce polycarpa var. hirtella (Boiss.) Millsp. Euphorbia polycarpa var. polycarpa . ■ Chamaesyce polycarpa var. polycarpa . Euphorbia proatrata Ait. - Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small Buphorbia revoluta Engelm. ■ Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelm.) Small Buphorbia serpens HBK. - Chamaesyce serpens (HBK.) Small Euphorbia serpylllfolla PerB. var. hlrtula (Engelm.) Wheeler * Chamaesyce serpyllifolla (Pers.) Small ssp. hlrtula (Engelm.) Koutnik Euphorbia serpyllifolia var . serpyllifolia . - Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia . Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. « Chamaesyce setlloba (Engelm.) Millsp. Buphorbia supina Raf . ■ Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small. Euphorbia vallis-mortae (Millsp.) J.T. Howell - Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Millsp. - 10 - FABACEAE Acacia decurrens Willd. var. dealbata F. Muell. * Acacia dealbata Link. D. Isely, Leguminosae of the United States: I. Subfamily Mimusoideae. Memoirs New York Bot. Gard. 25 (1): Acacia decurrenB Willd. var. mollis Lindl. * Acacia mearnaii de Wildeman SEE reference under var. dealbata . Cercidium Some authors would place our members of Cercidium in the genus Parkinsonia . For further details see D. Isely, Leguminosae of the United States: II. Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Memoirs New York Bot. Gard. 25 (2): 169-176, 1975. Few recent authors seem to follow Isely at this time. Under this scheme, our species would become: Cercidium floridum Benth. ■ Parkinsonia florida (Benth.) Wats. Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Jtn. - Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. Dalea R.C. Barneby presents a excellent Monograph on Dalea and related genera with numerous changes affecting our flora. The following combinations are presented Barneby's paper: Daleae imagines, an illustrated Revision of Krrazurizla Philippi, Psorothamnua Rydberg., Marina Liebermann, and Dalea Lucanus emend. Barneby including all species of the Leguminosae tribe Amorpheae Borissova ever reffered to Dalea . Memoirs N.Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 1-891. 1977. Dalea mollis Benth. and D. mollissima (Rydb.) Munz are the only taxa remaining in Dalea in Southern California under Barneby's concept. Dalea arborescens Torr. ex Gray * Psorothamnus ar bore scene (Torr.) Barneby var. arborescens . (see also D. californica and D. fremontii .) Dalea californica Wats. ■ Psorothamnus arborescens var. simpllfolios (Parish) Barneby (see also D. arborescens ) Dalea emoryi Gray ■ Psorothamnua emoryl (Gray) Rydb. var. emoryi . Dalea fremontii Torr. var. fremontii . - Psorothamnus fremontii (Torr.) Barneby var. fremontii 6 Dalea fremontii Torr. var. mlnutifolla (Parish) Benson * Psorothamnua arborescens var. minutifolios (Parish) Barneby & Psorothamnus fremontii var. attenuatus Barneby SEE discussion on pgs. 40-41, Barneby, 1977; also see D. arborescens ) Dalea fremontii Torr. var. sa under si i (Parish) Munz included under: Psorothamnua arborescens var . arborescens . (See also Dalea arborescens ) Dalea parryi T. I G. ■ Marina parryi (T. 6 G.) Barneby Dalea polyadenla Torr. ex Wats. ■ Psorothamnus polyadenius (Torr. ex Wats.) Rydb. var. polyadenius . Dalea schott il Torr. * Psorothamnus schottii Dalea spinosa Gray * Psorothamnus splnosus (Torr.) Barneby (Gray) Barneby - 11 - Lotus scoparius (Nutt, in T. & G.) Ottley sap. scoparius (insular refs.) * Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene var. dendroideus k Lotus dendroideua var. veatchli (Greene) Isely D. Isely, Leguminosae of the United States. III. Subfamily Papilionoidae: tribes Sophorae, Podalyr ieaceae , Lotae. Memoirs New York Bot. Gard. 25 (3): 151-152, 1981. Lotus scopariuB ssp. traskae (Bastw. ex Abrams) Raven « Lotus dendroideus var. trsskiae (Eastw. ex Noddin) Isely SEE reference under ssp. scoparius . NEW ADDITION Marina orcuttii (Wats . ) Barneby var . orcuttii . SEE reference under the Genus Dalea . Trifolium amplectens T. fc G. var. amplectens . Kartesz k Kartesz list this taxon under Trifolium depaper a turn Desv. Trifolium amplectens var. truncation (Greene) Jeps. Kartesz k Kartesz list this taxon as Trifolium truncation (Greene) Greene. Vicia exigua Nutt, in T. 6 G. (in part) * Vicia hassei S. Wats. J.S. Lassetter, Taxonomic status of Vicia hassei (Leguminosae) . Madrono 23: 73-78, 1975. FAGACEAE NEW ADDITION Qua reus cornellus-mulleri Nixon k Steele K.C. Nixon Ci K.P. Steele, A New Species of Quercus (Fagaceae) from Southern California. Madrono 28: 210-219, 1981. Note: Nixon k Steele are in the process of revisions that will affect other white oak species, particularly the status of Quercus dumosa Nutt., in South- ern California. Quercus wislizenii A. DC. var. wislizenii . (in part) * Quercus parvula Greene var . parvula . K.C. Nixon, unpublished Thesis DCSB, 1980. This name would only apply to individuals in Santa Barbara County in our area. FRANKENIACEAE Some workers recognize Frankenia salina (Mol.) I.M. Johnst. in place of Frankenia grandifolia Cham, k Schlecht. LAMIACEAE Satureja chandler i (Bdg.) Druce. This taxon is listed as Calamintha chandler i Bdg. in Kartesz k Kartesz. Calamintha has been seperated and lumped with Satureja variously over the years. MALVACEAE Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schum. - Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. P. A. Fryxell , The North American Malvellas (Malvaceae). Southwestern Nat. 19: 97-103, 1974. NYCTAGINACEAE Abronia micrantha Torr. Has been called: Ttripterocalyx micranthus (Torr.) Hook, in L.A. Galloway, Systematica of the North American Desert Species of Abronia and TTipterocalyx (Nyctaginaceae) . Brittonia 27: 328-347. 1975. - 12 - ONAGRACEAE Zauschneria : Zauschneria has recently been included in Epilobium by P.H. Raven, Generic and Sectional delimitation in Onagraceae, tribe Epilobieae. An. Mo. Bot. Gard. 63: 326- 340, 1976. Under Raven's concept, the following combinations are correct: Zauschneria californica Presl. asp. californica . ■ Epilobium canua (Greene) Raven ssp. angustifollum (Keck) Raven R.N. Bowman 6 P.C. Hoch, 1979 (A New Combination in Epilobium (Onagraceae). Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 66: 897-898) has furthur reduced ssp. angustifollum , ssp. mexicanum (Presl.) Raven and ssp. latifolium (Hook.) Raven in part to forms of ssp. canum . Zauschneria californica ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Keck. * Epilobium canua (Greene) Raven ssp. latifolium (Hook.) Raven (see note under ssp. angustlfolium .) Zauschneria californica ssp. Mexican a (Presl.) Raven - Epilobiua canua (Greene) Raven ssp. aexicanum (Presl.) Raven (see note under ssp. angustlfolium . ) Zauschneria cans Greene * Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven ssp. canum . Zauschneria garrettii Nels. * Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven ssp. garrettii (Nels.) Raven POLEMONACEAE Linanthus nuttallii (Gray) Greene ex Mlkn. ssp. nuttallli . * Linanthus nuttallii ssp. nuttallli . & Linanthus nuttallii ssp. pubescens Patterson. R. Patterson, A Revision of Linanthus Sect. Siphonella (Polemoniaceae) . Madrono 24: 36-48, 1977. Linanthus nuttallii ssp. floribundus (Gray) Munz « Linanthus floribundus (Gray) Greene ex Mlkn. ssp. floribundus . ssp. glabrus Patterson, ssp. hallil (Jeps.) Mason See reference under ssp. nuttallii . NEW ADDITION: Linanthus pachyphyllus Patterson See reference under ssp. nuttallii . POLYGONACEAE Chorizanthe statiooides Benth. ssp. chrysacantha (Goodm.) Munz This taxon is listed as Chorizanthe staticoides var. compacta (Goodman) Reveal in Kartesz & Kartesz. This form is also recognized by J.P. Smith & R. York. (Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California California Native Plant Society Spec. Publ. No. 1, third ed., 1984. Oxy theca luteola Parry ■ Goodman i a luteola (Parry) Reveal & Brtter J.L. Reveal & B.J. Ertter, Goodmania (Polygonaceae) , A new Genus from California. Brittonia 28: 427-429, 1976. Rumex fueginus Phil. * Rumex maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen. R.S. Mitchell, Rumex maritimus L. versus R. persicarioides L. (Polygonaceae) in the Western Hemisphere. Brittonia 30: 293-296, 1978. Rumex persicarioides L. - Rumex maritimus L. var. persicarioides (L.) R.S. See reference given under Rumex fueginus . - 13 - PRIMULACEAE Kartesz £ Kartesz lists Samolus floribundus HBK as a synonym of Samolus valerandl L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hulten. S. valerandi is listed in Plora Europea. The source appears to be Hulton, Kungl. Svenska Vertenskapsakad. Handl. 13: 148 , 1971. VERBANACEAE Verbena las lost achy s Link. £ Verbena robusta Greene S.C. Barber has annotated specimens at UCSB under the names Verbena lasiostachys Link. ssp. lasiostachys . and Verbena lasiostachys ssp. robusta (Greene) Barber but in her paper. Taxonomic Studies in the Verbena stricta Complex (Verbanaceae) . Syst. Bot. 7: 433-456, 1982, she retains the two as seperate species. Barber does hint that the two taxa are perhaps better placed under one species. CYPERACEAE Eleocharis macros tachya Britton in Small. * Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. Scirpus americanus af auth., not Pers. ■ flcirpuB pungens Vahl. Rhodora 76: 51-52, 1974. Scirpus olneyi Gray - Scirpus americanus Pers. Rhodora 76: 51-52, 1974. Scirpus robustus Pursh. * Scirpus robustus Pursh. and the introduced Scirpus maritimus L. HYDROCHART IACEAE Kartesz £ Kartesz recognizes: Elodea densa Planch, as Bgeria densa Planch. Rhodora 67: 1-35; 155-180, 1965. UMNACEAE Lemna minima Phil, is recognized by some as L^ minuscula Her ter. See Blumea, Vol 18, No. 2: 355-368, 1970. In Kartesz & Kartesz the name Lemna minuta HBK. is applied. ORCHIDACEAE Eburophyton and Habenaria C.A. Luer in The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida, N.Y. Bot. Gard., 1975 has made revisions affecting Southern California plants. This in part is further supported by P.L. Healey, J.D. Michaud £ J. Arditti, 1980 (Morpholometery of Orchid Seeds. III. Native California and Related Species of Goodyera, Piper ia, Platanthera and Spiranthes. Amer. J. Bot. 67; 508-518. 1980. These changes are as follows: Eburophyton austinae (Gray) Heller - Cephalanthera austlnlae (Gray) Heller Habenaria elegans (Lindl.) Boland. * Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydb. Habenaria leucostachys (Lindl.) Wats. * Platanthera dllatata (Pursh) Lindl. var. leucostachys (Lindl.) Luer Habenaria spars if lor a Wats. - Platanthera sparsiflora (Wats . ) Schlechter - 14 - Habenaria unalascensis (Spreng.) Wats. « Piper ia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. POACEAE Agropyron Love & Love present (Brittonia 35: 30-35, 1983) evidence for narrowing the interpretation of the genus Agropyron as followed by Old World authors. Under the font presented the following would be true. Agropyron parishii Scribn. & Sra. - Elytrigia pariahii (Scribn. & Sm.) D.R. Dewey Agropyron riparian Scribn. & Sm. included under Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love fi D. Love Aristida parishii Hitchc. ■ Aristida purpurea Nutt, var. parishii (Hitchc.) Allred. K.W. Allred, Morphologic Variation and Classification of the North American Aristida purpurea Complex (Gramineae) . Brittonia 36: 382-395. 1984. Aristida purpurea Nutt. ■ Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. purpurea . SEE reference under Aristida parishii . Aristida wrightii Nash. ■ Aristida purpurea var. wrightii (Nash) Allred. SEE reference under Aristida parishii . Bromus mollis L. - Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus . Flora Europea 5: 44, 1980. Bromus molliformis Lloyd « Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. molliformis (Lloyd) Maire 6 Weiller Flora Europea 5: 44, 1980. Elymus Love & Love (Brittonia 35: 30-35, 1983) segregate the long-anthered and cross- pollinating members of Elymus under the genus Leymus . If this scheme is adopted, the following names should be recognized in our flora. This form is used in Old world Floras . Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr. * Leymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr. Elymus condensatus Presl. ■ Leymus condensatus (Presl.) A. Love. Elymus pacificus Gould » Leymus pacificus (Gould) D.R. Dewey Elymus salinus Jones ■ Leymus salinae (Jones) A. Love Elymus triticoides Buckl. « Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger Festuca Recent authors (see R.I. Lonard & F.W. Gould, The North American Species of VUlpia (Gramineae). Madrono 22: 217-280, 1974.) have adopted the concept of segregating the annual members as Vulpia from the perennial members of the genus. The following combinations follow Lonard fc Gould and Flora Europea. Festuca confusa Piper . • Vtilpia microstachys Nutt. Benth. var. confusa (Piper) Lonard & Gould. (see also Festuca microstachys ) - 15 - Festuca dertonensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn. * Vulpia br o«o Ides (L.) Gray Festuca eastwoodae Piper * VUlpia ■icroatachya var. ciliata (Beal) Lonard & Gould, in part, (see also Festuca micros tachys and F. grayi ) Festuca gray! (Abrams) Piper * VUlpia microstachys var. ciliata (Beal) Lonard & Gould, in part, (see also F. microstachys and F. eastwoodae ) Festuca aegalura Nutt. * VUlpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmelin var. hirauta Hack. Festuca microstachys Nutt. * VUlpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro ex. Benth. var. micros tachys . Festuca myuros L. - VUlpla myuros (L.) K.C. Gmelin var. myuros . Festuca octoflora Halt. ■ VUlpia octoflora (Walt . ) Rydb . var . octoflora . var. hlrtella (Piper) Henr. Festuca reflexa Buckl. * VUlpia reflexa (Buckl.) Rydb. Hordeum glaucum Steud. = Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev. Flora Europea 5: 205, 1980. Hordeum leporinum Link. ■ Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link.) Arcangeli Flora Europea 5s 205, 1980. leptochloa J. McNeill (Diplachne and Leptochloa (Poaceae) in North America. Brittonia 31s 399-404, 1979 presents arguments for dividing the genus. Hie concept is not new and is followed by Flora Europea. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray * Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. Leptochloa uninervia (Presl.) Hitchc. & Chase * Diplachne uninervia (Presl.) Parodi Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot. «= Lolium multiflorum Lam. in Flora Europea, 1980. Polypogon semiverticillata (Forsk.) Hylander. * Agrostis semivertlcillata (Forsk.) C. Chr. New Managing Editor of Crossosoma Dr. Allan Schoenherr of Fullerton College has agreed to assume the duties of Managing Editor, beginning with the April, 1986, issue of Crossosoma. Although he received his degree in zoology, he is a broadly trained naturalist with an abiding interest in the genus Efnufi. - 16 - A Botanical Tourist in the Canary Islands Robert F. Thorne Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garoen Claremont , CA 91711 Much too early on Sunday morning, November 24, I set out from Claremont via LAX, New York City's Kennedy Airport, and Madrid, for Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, in the Spanish Canary Islands. My mission was to attend the International Conference of Botanic Gardens and World Conservation Strategy, attended by some 200 biologists and administrators of botanic gardens from more than 40 different countries. Our charge was to consider ways in which botanic gardens might become more effective in conserving rare and endangered plants and plant communities by && situ ano In situ conservation, through acting as centers of information and conservation, and by increased international collaboration. We exposed ourselves to four and one-half days of presentations and discussions, two and one-half days of field tripping about Gran Canaria and Tenerife or Lanzarote, and several receptions, dinners, and barbecues. Our director, Tom Elias, was not able to attend and had asked me if I could represent RSABG at the conference. Aware that I would miss Thanksgiving at home, I nevertheless consented to sacrifice myself for science. It was a tough assignment, but someone had to do it. The weather of these subtropical islands was splendid, warm and clear, the island scenery superb (despite the bikini-cluttered beaches) , the islanders friendly, the accommodations modern, and the cuisine, especially the seafood, delicious. Prices were most reasonable. In retrospect, I have had worse assignments. Furthermore, the two and one-half days devoted to the varied and highly endemic flora and vegetation of the islands, were most educational for an aspiring phytogeographer. The Canary Islands, 7,273 sq. km. in area, are a Spanish archipelago of seven sizable islands and several much smaller islets lying in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the former Spanish Sahara. The two easternmost islands, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, heavily volcanic in origin, offer some geologic evidence that they once may have been attached to mainland Africa? but Gran Canaria and the western islands, Tenerife, La Plama, Hierro, and Gomera, are surely of deep, oceanic, volcanic origin, with many resemblances to the more tropical Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador and the distant oceanic Hawaiian chain in mid Pacific. The Canaries thus combine the characteristics of a fringing archipelago like our California Islands and of the aforementioned oceanic groups. The relatively low islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, only about 60 miles off the African mainland, have a rather desertic climate and vegetation. The other islands are higher with an essentially Mediterranean climate but with considerable zonal variation in climate and vegetation. The principal crops of the islands are bananas, oranges, dates, grapes, avocados, sugarcane, coffee, tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, fish, and tourists. - 17 - The Canary Island flora consists of some 2,000 species with nearly 600 species (perhaps 35% of the indigenous flora) endemic to this archipelago or shared with other Macaronesian island groups (Madeira, Azores, Cape Verdes). Nineteen genera are found only in the Canaries with another twelve shared only with other Macaronesian islands. The non-enaemic flora of nearly 1,400 species are common to the Mediterranean region or many are introduced weeds or garden escapes from about the world. Most fascinating on the islands are the woody relict species representing the once widespread Tethyan-Tert iary laurel forests of the present Mediterranean area. Among these are the four laurel genera, Laurus . Persea . Ocotea . and Apollonias . which dominate the much aiminsheo laurel forests of the islands. Other relic trees or shrubs include Arbutus canariensis Veill., Gesnouinia arbor ea (L.) Gauoich . (Urticaceae) , Heberdenia bahamensis (Gaertn.) Sprague and Pleiamsiis canfllien&is (Willd.) A. DC. (both Myrsinaceae) , Ilex canariensis Poir., Maytenus canariensis (Loesl.) Kunk. £> Sund. (Celastraceae) , M yric a iaya Ait., Picconia excelsa Ait.) DC. (Oleaceae) , Sideroxylon inflXmlflDfl Banks ex Lowe (Sapotaceae) , Viburnum rigidum Vent. (Adoxaceae), ano Visnea BQCailfiXfl L. f. (Theaceae). Probably also relict trees, but in other vegetation types, are the characteristic Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. ex DC., Dracaena oraco L., and Phoenix canariensis Chabauo. so familiar to southern California botanists. Many of these genera and several families, as the Mysinaceae, Sapotaceae, and Theaceae (like the Madeiran Clethra arborea L. of the Clethraceae) , are no longer represented in the extant European flora. Thus, these relicts give us a glimpse of the largely vanished semitropical vegetation of the Mediterranean region. Surely as exciting to evolutionists are the diverse and probably secondarily woody species of such genera as Aeonium . Aichryson . and Greenovia (Crassulaceae) ; Argyranthemum . Senecio . and Sqd films (Asteraceae) ; Convolv ulus . Crambe . Descurainia (Brassicaceae) ; Echiura (Boraginaceae) ; Euphorbia : L imonium (Plumbaginaceae) ; Micromer ia ano Sider itis (Lamiaceae); Plantaoo : Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) ; and Pterocephalus (Dipsacaceae ) . Some of the genera with dozens of endemic species have undergone explosive adaptive radiation in these islands similar to many genera on the Hawaiian, Juan Fernandez, Galapagos, ano other ocean archipelagos. Most rewarding of my experiences on Gran Canaria were our botanical excursions to Los Tiles de Moya and the Jaroin Botanico "Viera y Clavijo." At Los Tiles in the Barranco de Moya basin at about 500 m is a tiny remnant (43 hectares under protection) of the original laurel forest of Gran Canaria, about one percent of the original stand and now much degraded. The dark laurel forest of "til" ( Ocotea f oetens (Ait.) Benth.) also harbors the other three laurels and various other Canarian or Macaronesian endemics, most of them being replanted from the nursery at Los Tiles according to a careful management plan. After our visit to Los Tiles and refreshments at Moya, our three buses (one after replacement hours later) delivered our couple hundred botanists to the Finca oe Ossorio, where we had a generous barbeque and some of us planted saplings - 18 - of laurels in honor of our visit. I expect in subsequent years to return and claim the healthiest surviving Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco as the one I planted. The half-day spent at the Viera > Clavijo Botanic Garden south of Las Palmas was hardly enough time to see this beautiful garden with steep bluffs, waterfall, and large barranco and the numerous Canarian endemics in which it specializes. The hundreds of botanists swarming over the garden would have gladdened the heart of any Eastman Kodak executive, considering the amount of 35-mm film shot up. Any botanist visiting the Canary Islands certainly must visit this botanic garden and the introduction garden at Puerto de la Cruz on Tenerife. Our final Sunday excursion to Tenerife, attended by some 28 of us, was far more enjoyable than the legendary, disastrous preconference trip taken there by the governing board on the previous weekend. The weather in the mountains was magnificent and almost all went according to tourist schedule. Although the trip was largely designed for non-botanists, we did see much of Tenerife and its vegetation. I even managed to pop two species into my field trip bag to avoid complete frustration. Our excursion bus took us from the airfield at Santa Cruz to the pine forest at La Esperanza, then to Las Canadas del Teide National Park in the immense (48 miles in circumference) crater of Pico Teide, which at 3,718 m is the highest point of Spain. Again, much film was shot up here of the peak, lava, ash, and pumice formations, and desert-like subalpine vegetation. The alpine vegetation of the Pico, a towering volcanic cone, is said to consist almost solely of Viola cheiranthif olia H.B.K. After a visit to the botanical garden and lunch in Puerto de la Cruz, we were bused back to Santa Cruz to return to Las Palmas in the evening on a large Boeing hydrofoil. Leaving the Hotel Iberia at six a.m., Canary Island time, on Monday morning was the start of nearly 29 hours of travel via Madria, New York, and Los Angeles, interrupted by some six meals and three movies. I reached Claremont about 1:30 a.m. Tuesday morning, Pacific time. Just one more sacrifice for science I ***** ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALC FOR PAPERS Endangered Plant Conference The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) will serve as lead sponsor for a conference on the conservation and management of rare and endangered plants scheduled for November 5th through the 8th, 1986* Persons wishing to present papers are invited to Bubmit an abstract. The purpose of the conference is to provide a forum for exchange of information on rare and endangered plants. The conference will include formal presentations in concurrent sessions, open forum discussions, a poster session, and workshops. Proceedings will be published by CNPS. Papers describing research on endangered plants are requested. Taxonomic and ecological studies are of interest, although emphasis will - 19 - be placed on management-related topics including specialized field techniques for evaluating, monitoring, and mitigating adverse effects on endangered plants. Experience from regions other than western United States are welcome. This conference will be of interest to persons involved with endangered species management for public agencies, private industry, educational institutions, or through conservation organizations Early submittal by authors is requested. Abstracts are due no later than June 1, 1986. Abstracts and requests for information should be directed to Jim Nelson, Conference Coordinator, California Native Plant Society, 909 Twelfth Street, Suite 116, Sacramento, CA 95814. S.C.B. Publication Southern California Botanists have published its first special publication entitled "A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, Southern California" by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thorne. This October, 1985, publication is a new annotated list of the vascular plants and the plant communities of the Santa Ro6a Plateau which includes a large Nature Conservancy preserve in the Santa Ana Mountains. The 39-page publication is available for $5.50 at all S.C.B. events. It is also available by mail for $6.50 (bookrate) or $7.00 (first class). Send your check and current address to Southern California Botanists, c/o Alan Romspert, Dept, of Biological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. A limited number of copies is also available at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Bookstore in Claremont; the price there is set by the bookstore. Field Trips and Events February 8 (Saturday) 9:30 a.m.. A mycological foray in the Talega Valley. This is a joint trip with the L. A. Mycological Society. We will be looking for a wide variety of fungi in the oak woodlands ana native grasslands found in the Talega Valley. Meet at the entrance of the gated Cristianitos road just off the Ortega Hwy (7 4) . To reach the meeting location take the San Diego Freeway (405) south to the Ortega Highway (74) and go east about 5-5 1/2 miles. Bring paper sandwich bags or a roll of wax paper for specimens. It you have fresh mushrooms that you want to get identified, bring them too. Also bring a lunch and something to drink. This foray is on Rancho Mission Viejo in an area not open to the general public. February 9 (Sunday) - Martinez Canyon in the Santa Rosa Mountains. Leader: Jon Stewart. A joint field trip with the Siera Club. Martinez Canycn is a large and spectacular canyon in the low desert with a great variety of plants. We will hike into the canyon to see how many we can find - a checklist of the species known to be present will be handea out. Bring water and lunch and be prepared for a day of walking. - 20 - Meet at 8:00 a.m. at the parking lot oi Valerie Jean's Date Shop on Hwy 86 at Ave. 66, south ol Inaio on the west sioe ot the Coachella Valley. February 22 (Saturday) 9:00 a.m. at Crystal Cove State Park. A joint trip with the Orange Co. Chapter oi CUPS. Fred Roberts will leau this trip into Moro Canyon, the back contry of Crystal Cove State Park. Meet in the Moro Canyon parking lot. To reach the area take the San Diego Freeway to MacArthur Blvd ana go west to the Pacific Coast Highway. Go south on PCH about 3 miles south of Corona del Mar. Turn left from PCI! onto the access road adjacent to El Moro School. The parking lot is at the end of the roaa above the school. March 1 & 2 (Saturday-Sunday) - Chuckwalla Mountains and Chuckwalla Bench. Leader: Andy Sanders. Another joint field trip with the Sierra Club. The Chuckwalla Mountains and bench area at the northern edge oi the Colorado Desert has a tremendously rich ilora, especially ol shrubs, including several rare or rather local species. We will learn to identity as many of these as possible ana compile a species list for the area. Camping in the desert Saturday night, so bring all necessary equipment, including plenty of water. Briny copies of Munz's Southern California Flora and Jaeger's Desert Wilaf lowers if you have them, as well as a hand lens. Meet at 9:00 a.m. Saturday at Red Cloud Mine Roaa exit from 1-10, ca.40 miles east of Indio. March 8 & 9 (Saturday-Sunday) - Algodones Dunes ana Cargo Muchacho Mountains area, eastern Imperial County. Leaders: Howie Weir and Andy Sanders. A joint trip with California Native Plant Society. The Algodones Dunes are one of the largest and most interesting dune systems in California. Several plants are found only here in the state and many other typical Sonoran Desert species occur. Camping in the desert Saturday night, so be prepared. Meet at 9:00 a.m. Saturday on Hwy 78 at its intersection with county road S-32 (Butters Road)? this is ca . 8 to 9 miles of Brawley. March 22 and 23 (Saturday and Sunday) 11:00 a.m. Canon de Guadalupe, Baja California. This trip will be led by Bob Thorne to examine some of the palm oases found in the area. Meet on Saturday morning at the junction of the graded dirt road which runs down the west side ot Laguna Salada and Mexico 2. See AAA Baja California map. For additional information or questions call Dave Bramlet at (714)549-0647. March 24-30 (Monday-Sunday , with optional extension??) - Central Baja California and the Viscaino Peninsula. Leaders: Walt Wright ana Andy Sanders. This is a joint trip with California Native Plant Society and other natural history societies. A week-long camping trip through the most interesting part of Baja. If we get enough participants (ca. 15), we may even hire a boat and go to Cedros Island. We will be looking at plants, geology, birds and anything else ot interest. Plan to camp in primitive conditions. Bring all necessary equipment, including plenty of water and an extra can for gas. You will also need a copy of your birth certificate, a voter registration certificate, or a passport. You will - 21 - also need a tourist permit, which can be obtained from AAA or wherever you buy your Mexican Auto Insurance before crossing the border. You should buy pesos in San YBiaro before crossing the border, better rates and no problems getting to the bank. We will travel partly on dirt roads, but passenger cars are okay. Meet at 9:00 a. in. on the 24th at the road junction to La Bufaaora in Maneadero. April 5 (Saturday). S.C.B. Plant Sale at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, featuring California native plants suitable for landscaping. The sale will begin at 8:00 a.m. There will also be an assortment of botanical books for sale. Watch for details of the sale in the April issue of Crossosoma or call Mona Myatt (evenings) for further aetails at (818)447-0755. April 12-13, 1986. Canoe trip. Mona Myatt will be leading a SCB canoe trip through the Topock Gorge of the Colorado River (between Needles and Lake Havasu). The cost will be $30.00 per person. This price will include a canoe for two days (minimum of two adults per canoe), paadles, life-preservers, canoe transport, shuttle service and camping fees (2 nights). To reserve a space for yourself on this trip send a check covering the full cost per person to: Mona Myatt 6421 N. Golden West Ave. Temple City, CA 91780 Include the names of all people in your group, an address where detailed information can be sent, and day and evening phone numbers. Reservations will be on a first-come, first-served basis. All reservations must be received before March 1. Our group will be limited to 10 canoes (or 20 if the response is really heavy). Once your money has been received, you will be sent a package of maps and detailed information on the trip including a list of participants for carpooling The area is scenic and this trip has always been a big success with those who enjoy river canoeing. Hope to see you there. If you would like a description of the trip to help you make up your mind, please call Mona Myatt evenings at (818)447-0755. April 19-20. Eastern Mojave Desert Trip. Call Dave Bramlett for additional information at (714)549-0647 (evenings). April 26. SPRING OPEN HOUSE, RANCHO SANTA ANA BOTANIC GARDEN THEME: Alta California - Baja California. A shared heritage of its plants, land and people. DATE: Saturday, April 26, 1986. TIME: 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. LOCATION: Rancho Santa Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711 ADMISSION: Free Discover the shared heritage and natural resources of the richest floristic region in North America by exploring the grounds, research library and the largest herbarium of pressed plants in southern California through activities and displays at the Second Annual Open House at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont. - 22 - Throughout the day skilled Mexican artisans will demonstrate some of the many unique folk arts of Mexico which use natural materials. Talks focusing on botanical exploration and the contributions of the Mission Fathers to modern landscape design in California will be presented during the day in the auditorium. A small Plant Sale and display will further highlight plants used by the Mission Fathers, California Indians and suitable for today's water conserving landscape. The garden is located on College Avenue, north of Foothill Blvd. in Claremont. From Interstate 10, exit on Indian Bill Blvd. and drive 2 miles north to Foothill Blvd. and 3 blocks east to College Avenue. From the 210 Freeway, continue west on Foothill Blve. to the garden. For further details, call (714)625-8767. May 2-3. Southern California Academy of Sciences Annual Meetings at California State University, San Bernardino in cooperation with: Desert Studies Consortium, California State Universities? Southern California Botanists, American Cetacean Society, Southern California Ocean Studies Consortium, UniverBidad Autonoma de Baja, California Sur. Two full days of symposia and contributed-paper sessions! Professional and student papers, in all branches of the natural and social sciences, are solicited for presentation. Abstracts of the papers to be presented are due to the Program Chairman by March 1. Awards of $100.00 each for the best student papers in the subject areas of: Plant Ecology, Desert Ecology, Botany, Environmental Science, vertebrate Zoology and SCAS open categories to be determined. Note: Student papers qualifying for the awards must have only one author. Co-authored papers are welcomed for presentation on the program, but only single-authored papers will be judged. All abstracts are due by March 1 (some sections may have earlier deadlines) to the Program Chairman, Southern California Academy of Sciences, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007. For further information contact the Program Chairman at (213)744-3384. May 10-11. Saturday and Sunday - Edwards Air Force Base. Call Walt Wright for details at (714)529-4134. We will be looking at some ancient sand dune areas. May 24. Burns Canyon - Pioneer Town. Call Dave Bramlett for further information at (714)549-0647 (evenings). May 23-24 - Second Annual Southwestern Botanical Systematics Symposium entitled, “Systematics, Evolution and Adaptation in the American Southwest," will be held at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Call (714)625-8767 for more information and registration forms. It should be another excellent botanical symposium! - 23 - Tax Check-off Funds for Endangered Species. (Editor's Notes The following article is taken from the January, 1986 issue of Fremontia, a journal of the California Native Plant Society) . The new state income tax check-off program for endangered species protection has been well received by the citizens of California. Contributions from taxpayers for 1984 reached $763,297 by July and are running about forty-five percent ahead of the first year of the program. An allocation from the 1983 contributions is already supporting important plant conservation activities in three different areas. The Catalina Island Conservancy is using tax check-off funds to protect and enhance the Catalina Island mahogany ( Cercocarpus traskiae) . Only six or seven trees of this mahogany have been found in just one canyon. This canyon area is being fenced to prevent damage by feral pigs and goats. Studies are underway to determine the tree's habitat requirements and to locate potential sites for establishing new populations. Propagation research, in association with Wrigley Botanical Garden, aims to produce seedlings for the introduction projects. An educational display will be erected at the botanical garden botanical garden and the Catalina Airport Nature Center. The East Bay Regional Parks District (EBRPD) received funds to enhance the declining Alameda manzanita ( Arctostaphylos pallida ) . This endangered shrub grows in only a few sites in the Oakland Hills, most of which are managed by EBRPD. Park staff will prepare a recovery plan for the manzanita, a detailed distribution report, and an educational pamphlet for neighboring landowners who have plants in their yards. Also, management recommendations will be implemented to improve the health of existing populations. The third project financed was a one-hundred-acre controlled burn on the Department of Fish and Game'B Pine Hill Ecological Reserve. The burn helped revitalize habitat for Roderick's buckbrush ( Ceanothus roderickii ) , Pine Hill flannelbush ( Fremontodendron decumbens ) , El Dorado bedstraw Do Somethin! FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES SHARE YOUR TAX RETURN Form 540 - Lino 90 Form 540A - Lino 36 - 24 - (fifllilUD calif Oinicum ssp. fiienae) , and Layne's butterweed ( Senecio la yneae ) . These four are all state-listed rare plants found only on the oils of the Pine Hill region. The endangered plant program is involved in setting priorities for allocations from yearly contributions. If you have ideas about projects to benefit endangered, threatened, or rare plants that need funding, pleaBe submit them by March 1, 1986, to Susan Cochrane, Endangered Plant Program Coordinator, California Department of Fish and Game, 1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. And don't forget to check off your contribution on the 1985 state income tax form. Remind your friends as well — let them know about the value of this program to our native plants. S.C.B. 1985 Symposium Report Our November 16, 1985 symposium, "Pollution Effects on Southern California Plants," was technically a success. The papers were well prepared and highly informative. The UNOCAL Fred L. Hartley Research Center auditorium in Brea was all that a group could ask for with wonderful facilities. The crowd attending was, to put kindly — SKIMPY i Only 35 people attended and, as usual, a high percentage of those attending were officers or directors of S.C.B. Poor publicity could be one cause and lack of S.C.B. members reading Crossosoma could be another. S.C.B. has appointed a Publicity Person for 1986, Kathleen Dahl, so we hope to solve the first problem. However, this publicity will probably only attract non-members. Paraphrasing Smoky the Bear, "Only YOU (the member) can take a personal interest in S.C.B. activities." If you have any suggestions as to how to improve participation in the Symposium, the field trips, the slide talks (new for 1986), etc., please call me evenings at (818)447-0755. Mona M. Myatt, President BACK ISSUES QZ ERQSSQSQM Back issueB of CROSSOSOMA are available at eight (6) dollars per volume plus one dollar for postage and handling. Inquiries should be addressed to: Editor -CROSSOSOMA, Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. Please state the volumes desired and include payment in your order. Checks should be made to Southern California Botanists. ************************************ ******************************** ****** CROSSOSOMA is published bimonthly (February, April, June, August, October and December) by Southern California Botanists, a California non-profit corporation exempt from taxes under Sec. 501(C) 3 of the Internal Revenue Code. Dues are on a calendar year basis. Regular $8.00. Groups $15.00. We thank all those who promptly remitted their 1986 dues. All others, please send your checks. This Journal can only be sent to members whose dues are current - 25 - NEW BOOK ANNOUNCEMENT CARPINTERIA SALT MARSH: ENVIRONMENT, HISTORY AND BOTANICAL RESOURCES OF A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ESTUARY by Wayne R. Ferren, Jr. The Herbarium Department of Biological Sciences University of California, Santa Barbara Publication Number 4 1985 contains: 300 pages, including 81 plates of maps, photographs, and illustrations cost: $15.00 request from: Herbarium Publ . Series Dept. Biological Sciences Univ. California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 checks payable to: Regents of the Univ. of California - 26 - SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Southern California Botanists was founded in 1927 and presently has over 400 members. Our membership includes not only professional botanists, college and universities, arboreta, herbaria and museums, but also many interested lay persons. Our activities include an active program of field trips throughout the year, an annual symposium, lecture series and a potluck dinner. Southern California Botanists book sales offer members hundreds of quality books at substantial discounts. Many books not held in regular stock may be special-ordered. Southern California Botanists supports conservation efforts of many worthwhile groups and organizations. Croaaosoma is the journal of the Southern California Botanists and contains articles of both scientific and general interest. Among the purposes of this journal is the promotion of contemporary issues of conservation, especially in relation to botanical resources. All members are encouraged to submit articles for publication in Crossosoma . We are eager to have quality articles on botany in Southern California, and articles, notes and notices of interest to our members. Please submit these to Editor, Crossosoma . Dept, of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. Authors of botanical articles published receive ten extra copies of the issue. APPLICATION EQE MEMBERSHIP Membership categories are: • Individual (incl. the family) $ 8.00 i Group or organization 15.00 NAME DATE ADDRESS CITY ZIP PHONE Make check payable to: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Mail check and this form or your letter to: Membership Chairman, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS, Dept, of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. • 27 - February 8 February 9 February 22 March 1-2 March 8-9 March 22-23 March 24-30 April 5 April 12-13 April 26 May 2-3 May 10-11 May 23-24 May 24 S.C.B. COMING EVENTS Mycological foray to Talega Valley Martinez Canyon in the Santa Rosa Mtns. Crystal Cove State Park Chuckwall aNtns. and Chuckwalla Bench Algodone6 Dunes and Cargo Muchacho Mtns. area Canon de Guadalupe, Baja California Central Baja California and Viscaino Peninsula S.C.B. Plant Sale - Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Canoe trip through Topock Gorge Open House at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Southern California Academy Meetings Edwards Air Force Base Trip Second Annual Southwestern Botanical Systematics Symposium, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Burns Canyon - Pioneer Town w z ^ IB 0 2 OBRARY 3 X < •- 0 z MAR 1 7 1986 < 1X1 0 rt- new YORK ru 3 botanical garden n & Q £ Li- ft D O -fc. 01 CD H \ lO ® ® ft O -* 37 arena n O J (B =3 ° 3- O 2 ° DOC/) ** 3 • > o “ o > CO = D -‘to o> ' sJ ® CD r >s SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS CROSSOSOMA SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS , Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont CA 91/11 Crossosoma Vol . 12, No. 2 Issue Editors: Mona Myatt and Barry Prigge Managing Editor: Allan Schoenherr April, 1986 A Guide to the Perennial Plants Occurinq Along the Palms to Pines Highway in Riverside County Geoff B. Smith Introduction Anyone who has lived in southern California and appreciates natural environments is undoubtedly aware of the rapidly changing appearance of the region due to the accelerated spread of urbanization. The net result of increased land development, whether for commercial, agricultural or residential purposes, has been a major reduc- tion of native flora in many localities. Additional alterations of the natural vege- tation have been caused by overgrazing, increased incidence of fires, and recreational use of formerly undeveloped habitats (Benson and Walkington 1965, Hanes 1971, 1976). This major decline in the availability of natural habitats now limits the chances for people in southern California to study and enjoy what, historically, has been characterized as a highly diverse, complex, and rich flora (Benson 1969, Bakker 1971, Munz 1974, Thorne 1976). Devotees of the 'natural landscape' are therefore urged to travel on the Palms to Pines Highway (Hwy 74) in Riverside County. This route, which passes from Hemet to Palm Desert via the San Jacinto Mountains, provides the traveller an excellent sampling of the various native plant associations which have evolved through the combined effects of a complex regional geology, a rugged topography, and distinctive Mediterranean climate patterns. The route passes from an interior valley- foothill locale (eg. Hemet) to cismontane, montane, and transmontane habitats (eg. San Jacinto Mountains), ending in a desert environment (eg. Palm Desert area). No other comparable route in southern California has as many beautiful vistas of the regional geography and such distinctive examples of plant community structure within a fairly short distance (approximately 60 miles). Discussion The following guide is proposed to be used as an aid for students and amateur botanists who are interested in recognizing and appreciating the ecological relation- ships that determine plant distribution and development of plant 'communities'. This guide is not a comprehensive flora; the purpose is, rather, to list the most commonly encountered perennial species at selected locations along Hwy 74 which are both easily accessible and provide good examples of distinct plant distribution patterns. Habitats that are encountered at the following locations are similar to those described by Vogl (1976). Identification of many of the species will be facilitated by use of the illustrated vegetation guide by Vasek (1982). The map (fig. 1) indicates locations of the selected habitats along Hwy 74. For each of the locations described below, mileage between stops is given in parenthesis. - 1 - Stop no. 1: Vicinity of bridge crossing San Jacinto Creek, J3 mil east of State K Street and Florida Avenue (Hwy 74) in Hemet. Elevation 2000 ft. Rocky floodplain dominated by interior foothill riparian species, so ^^ cing slopes supporting coastal sage scrub, with steep northfacing slopes covered with mixed selerophylous chaparral species and coastal sage sc.u . Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise) . « Arctostaphylos glandulosa var. Adams n (Eastwood manzamta) Artemisia caYifornica (Coastal sagebrush) Artemi si a~ doug Iasi ana (wormwood) ..... Atrip! ex canes cens ssp. canescens (saltbush) Baccharis viminea (Mule fat) Brickellia californica (Brickellia) Datura meteloides (Jimsonweed) Encelia farinosa (Brittlebush) Eriodictyon crassi folium (Yerba Santa) Eriogonum fasciculatum x folio! os um (California Buckwheat) EViophylTum confertiflorum (Golden yarrow) Keckiella antirrhinoides (Keckiella) Lotus scoparius (Deerweed) Nicotiana glauca (Indian tobacco) Opuntia parry i v. parryi (Valley cholla) Platanus racemosa (California sycamore) Populus fremonti i (Fremont cotton*«od) Quercus agri folia (Coast live oak) Rhatnnus ilici folia (Hollyleaf Redberry) Salix lasiolepis (“Arroyo willow) Sa1via~api ana (White sage) Salvia mellifera (Black saqe) Solanum xantii (Nightshade) Toxicodendron di versi loba (Poison oak) Yucca schidigera (Mohave yucca) Yucca whipplei (Chaparral yucca) Figure 1. A MAP OF TOE PALMS TO PINES HIGHWAY. Nunerals indicate stops mentioned in text. - 2 - Stop no. 2: Strawberry Creek bridge. Elevation 3000 ft. Upper foothill canyon habitat with riparian species along the creek drainage and nearly steep southfacing slopes dominated by warm (Chamise) chaparral. (7 miles east of no. 1) Adenostoma fasciculatum ( Chami se ) Alnus rhomb i foil a (White alder) Arctostaphylos glandulosa var. Adamsii (Eastwood Manzanita) Artemisia doug Iasi ana (Wormwood) Eriogonum fasciculatum (California buckwheat) Eriophyllum conferti florum (Golden yarrow) Garrva fremontii (Silk-tassel bush) Het srafflfeles arbu tif o. U A (Toyon) Juncus effusus v . paci ficus (Wire grass) Lonlcera subsoicata (Chaparral honeysuckle) Lotus scoparius (Deerweed) Mimulus punlceus (Mon key flower) Nicotiana olauca (Indian tobacco) Opuntia parryi (Valley cholla) Opuntia chaeacantha v. discata (Desert prickly-pear) Phacelia ramosaisima (Phaoelia) Platanos raceraosa (California sycamore) Prunus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf cherry) Quercus chrysolepis (Gold cup oak) Quercus dunosa (Scrub oak) Quercus wislizenii v. frutescens (Interior life oak) Fhanrais califomica (California coffee berry) Bhus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf redberry) Fhus cvata (Sugar bush) Ribes indeconm (Vhite- flowered currant) Salix lasiolepis (Arroya willow) Salvia apiana (ttiite sage) Scxochularia califomica v. floribunda (Figwort) Solan m xanf il (Nightshade) Ttacicodendron diversiloba (Poison oak) Yucca vh icplei (Chaparral yucca) ** Note: Introduced stand of Pinus attenuata (Knobcone pine) along Hwy 74 (elevation approx. 3700 ft). Stop no. 3 : Southfork trail turnout. Elevation 4000 ft. Excellent views of Mt. San Jacinto to the northeast, Hemet Valley and San Timeteo Badlands to the northwest; note northwest orie nt atio n of the San Jacinto fault system (Siarp 1976) . Steep northfacing slopes and gullies do m i n ated by cold (Manzanita) chaparral , with Redshanks abundant cn the gentler slopes. (3.2 miles east of no. 2) Adenostcma fasciculatum (Chamise) Adenostcna. sparsi folium (Red shanks) Arctostarfiylos qlan&ilosa V. glanailPSfl (Eastvood manzanita) Arctefftatfiyloa. glandulflfla var. Adansii (Eastvood manzanita) Castilleia foliolosa (Indian paintbrush) Ceanothus cunaatus (Buck brush) Ceanothus lajcodenriis (Chaparral vhitethom) Ceroocarpus betuloides (Mountain mahogany) Eriogonum fasciculatum (California buckwheat) Eriochvllum conferti florvm (Golden yarrow) Garrva fremontii (Silk-tassel bush) Lonioera subsoicata (Chaparral honeysuckle) Mjjmlus ounioeus (Monkeyflower) Penstemon oentranthif ol ius (Scarlet bugler) Penstemon heterochvllus (Beard tongue) Quercus dunosa (Scrub oak) Phannus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf redberry) Scrophularia califomica v. floribu n da (Figvort) - 3 - Stop no. 4: C h apa r ral -conifer transition zone. Elevation 4300 ft. Northfacing slope habitats dominated by Coulter Pine, California Blade Oak, and Canyon Oak, with montane riparian species alongside San Jacinto Creek. Effects of cold air drainage creating a 'mosaic* pattern of vegetation in this eootone (Vbgl 1976) are well demonstrated. (2-3 miles east of no. 3) Alms rhcmbifolia (Vfriite alder) Artemisia dmplasiana (VbniMOod) Calocedrus decurrens (Incense cedar) Ceanothus lam^rmis (Chaparral whitethorn) Pirns ooulteri (Coulter pine) Platams racemosa (California Sycamore) Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Big -cone Douglas fir) Quercus chryapleprs (Gold cup oak) nng».roiR kelloggii (California black oak) Quercus wislizenii v. frutescens (Interior live oak) Fharnos califomica (California coffee berry) Ribes malvaoeum v. viridifoliun (Chaparral currant) Ribes nevadense (Sierra currant) Rosa califomica (Wild ro6e) Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo willc*/) Santoucus caerulea (Elderberry) Urtica holosericea (Nettle) Stop no. 5 : Mixed conifer forest habitat. Elevation 5200 ft. West-facing slope along Hwy 243 (3.5 miles north of Mountain Center) . Views of upper San Jacinto Creek drainage system and transition of vegetation fran cold chaparral to Yellow Pine forest. Adenostoma fasciculatun (Chamise) Arctostaphylos glanck.il osa v. glandulosa (Eastwood rranzanita) Arctostaphylos pringlei var. Dupacea (Pink-bracted manzanita) Baccharis viminea (Mule fat) Calocedrus decurrens (Incense cedar) Ceanothus leuoodermis (Chaparral whitethorn) Ceroocarpus betuloides (Mountain mahogany) Eriogonum fasciculatun (California buckwheat) Pinos coulteri (Coulter pine) Pirns lairbertiana (Sugar pine) Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) Populus fremontii (Fremo nt cottonwood) Oiercus chrvsolepis (Gold cup oak) Qjercus kelloggii (California blade oak) CUercus wislizenii v. frutescens (Interior live oak) Rhamxis ilici folia (Hollyleaf redberry) Ribes nevadense (Sierra currant) Salix spooler iana (Willow) Stop no. 6 ; Gamer Valley meadow habitat. Elevation 4500 ft. Contrast the vegetation growing on the deeper alluvial soils of the valley floor with chaparral on south-facing slopes and yellow pine forest on north- facing slopes. (4.5 miles east of Mountain Center on Hwy 74) . Artemisia tridentata (Great Basin Sage) Juncus effusus Pinus ieffreyi (Jeffrey Pine) Stop no. 7 ; Ciamontane-trananontane ecotone. Elevation 4800 ft. Excellent exanple of the transitional nature of a habitat strongly influenced by both marine (cismontane) and desert (transnentane) climate: distinguished in the Pennisular Range province by distribution of the Four- leaved Pinyons. (0.5 mile east of Hwy 371 junction) . Artemisia tridentata (Great Basin sage) Juniperus califomica (California Juniper) Pinus quadrifolia (Parry pinyon, Four-needle pinyon) Quercus turbinella ssp. turbinella (Desert scrub oak) - 4 - Stop no. Stop no. 9 : Pinyon- juniper woodland. Elevation 4000 ft. Characteristic of plant associations that rim the Colorado and Mojave deserts at their upper altitudinal limits. Contrast with the vegetation covering the steep north-facing slopes of the Santa Rosa mountains to the south. (8.3 miles east of no. 7) Agave deserti (Desert agave) Arctostaphvlos glauca (Bigberry manzanita) Artemisia tridentata (Great Basin sage) Brickellia oblong if olia v. linifolia (Brickellia) Ceanothus greggii v . perplexans (Desert ceanothus) Chrysothannus teretifolius (Babbit bush) Echinocereus engelmannii v. engelirannii (Hedgehog cactus) Ephedra aspera (Mormon Tea) Eriogonum fasciculatuin v. polifolium (Buckwheat) Garrya flavescens (Silk-tassel bush) Juniperus califomica (California juniper) Mammilaria dioica (Fi shock cactus) Nolina parryi (Parry nolina) Cfcuntia basilar is v. basila r is (Beavertail cactus) Opuntia echinocarpa v. echinocarpa (Silver cholla) Ckuntia eri n anea v . erinaoea (Mojave prickly pear) Opuntia chlorotica (Pancake pear) OEuntia phaeacantha b. discata (Desert prickly pear) Penstemon centranthifol jus (Beard- tongue) Pinus monophvlla (Single-leaf pinyon) Prunus fremontii (Desert apricot) Purshia glandulosa (Antelope Bush) Qaercus turbinella ssp turbinella (Desert scrub oak) Rhus ovata (Sugar bush) Sirmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Stipa speciosa (Spear grass) montana (Turpentine bush) Yucca schidjgera (Mojave yucca) : Desert transition zone. Elevation 2300 ft. Spectacular views of the Sal ton Trough, Transverse Ranges (San Gorgonio Peak and Little San Ber nardin o mountains) , Penninsular ranges (San Jacinto mountains, Santa Rosa mountains) and Basin-Range mountains (Chocolate, Orocopia mountains) . Dry rocky slopes dominated by leaf succulents (Agave) and stem succulents (cacti) . -Agave deserti (Desert agave) Ambrosia dumosa (Burrobush) Brickellia desertorum (Brickellia) Cleans isaneris (Bladderpod) Echinocereus engelmannii (Hedgehog cactus) Encelia farinosa (Brittlebush) virens (Mormon tea) Ferocdllthus acanthodes (Barrel cactus) Gal itim Rtpllahim ssp. erimicum (Bedstraw) Fouguieria ^Ifirctens (Oootiiio) HQf^nann5eqyi.l microphylla (Rush pea) Larrea tridentata (Creosote) Mamniliaria dioica (Fishook cactus) Opuntia echinocarpa (Silver cholla) Cbuntia bigelcrvn (Teddy bear cholla) Opuntia ramosissima (Pencil cholla) Peucophyllum schottii (Pigmy cedar) Sirnnondsia chinensis (Jojoba) - 5 - Stop no. 10 : Desert wash and bajada habitats. Elevation 1000 ft. Vicinity of Dead Indian Canyon at foot of mountains. Mjch of the vegetation adjacent to Hwy 74 was removed during construction of flood control embankments; hike v«st up-canyon or east of the road on to the bajada. (5.0 miles north of no. 9) Acacia qregqii (Cat's claw) Ambrosia Aangsa (Burrobush) Atriplex hymenelytra (Desert holly) Atriplex canescens (Ftaur-wing saltbush) Bebbia iuncea (Swetbush) Beloperone califomica (Chuparosa) Calliandra eriochvlla (Fairy duster) Cercidium floridun (Palo verde) Chilopsis linearis (Desert willcw) Clecme isomeris (Bloiderpod) Chrvsothamas nauseosus (Rabbit brush) Dalea emorvi (Dyeweed) Dalea schottii (Indigo bush) Dalea spinosa (3noke tree) Encelia farinosa (Brittlebush) Eriociorujn inf latum (Desert trumpet) Euphorbia polvcarpa (Sand mat) Fcuauieria gpl ?TY^f (Ocotillo) Hvmenoclea sal sola (Cheese bush) Hyotis efipryi (Desert lavender) tridentata (Creosote bush) Trrtiis sooparius (Deer weed) Niootiana alauca (Indian tobacco) Olneva tesota (Ironwood) Qountia basilaris b. basilar is (Beavertail cactus) Qountia echinocarpa (Silver cholla) Qountia biaelovii (Teddy bear cholla) Qountia ramosissima (Pencil cholla) Petalanyx thurberi (Sandpaper plant) Prosoois gl ^nAilosa v. torreyana (Honey Mesquite) Siimnondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Schaeralcea arbioua (Desert mallcw) Vitis girdiarva (Wild grape) washinrrtnnia filifera (California fan palm) Stop no. 11s Upper yellow pine forest. Elevation 8000 ft. Take Santa Rosa Mountain road south of Hwy 74? 13 miles southeast to vicinity of gate at end of road leading to Toro Peak. Dramatic vistas of the San Jacinto maintains to the northwest , Deep Canyon (north ) , and Sal ton Sea (east) . Widespread distribution of Rose Sage under mixed canopy of co n i f ers. (Turnoff approximately 3 miles west of stop no. 8) Abies ooncolor (White fir) Arctostaphylos parryana v. pinetoran (Parry manzanita) Arctostaphylos pungens (Mexican manzanita) Calocedrus decurrens (Incense cedar) Penstemon lahrasus (Beard-tongue) Pinas jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine) Pirns lambertiana (Sugar pine) Quercus chxysolepis (Gold cup oak) Ribes cercum (Squaw currant) Salvia pachyphylla (Rose sage) Synghoricarpos parishii (Snowberry) - 6 - Literature cited Benson, L. 1969. The Native cacti of California Stanford University Press, Stanford CA. Benson, L. and D. L. Walkington. 1965. Hie southern California prickly pears — invasion, aAi Iteration, and trial by fire. Ann-Miss. Bot. Gard. 52(3): 262-273 Hanes, T. L. 1965. Ecological studies on two closely related chaparral shrubs in southern California. Ecol. Monogr. 35:213 - 235 Hanes, T. L. 1971. Succession after fire in the chaparral of southern California. Ecol monogr. 41:27 - 52 Latting, J. (ed.). 1976. Synposium proceedings: Plant Ccrarunities of Southern California. Spec. Publ. no. 2, California Native Plant Society, Berkeley, CA. Minz, P. 1974 A Flora of Southern California University California Press. Berkeley, CA. Sharp, R. P. 1979. Geology: Field Guide to Southern California Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., EXibuque, Icvra Thome, R. F. 1976. The vascular plant ccniTunities of California pp 1-31 in Latting 1976. Vasek, F. C. 1982. A Vegetative Guide to Perennial Plants of Southern California San Bernardino Co. Museum Association, Redlands, CA. Vogl, R. J. 1976. An Introduction to the plant ccniTunities of the Santa Ana and San Jacinto Mountains, pp. 77-98 in Latting, 1976. ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS Endangered Plant ConfeifinCfi The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) will serve as lead sponsor for a conference on the conservation and management of rare and endangered plants scheduled for November 5th through the 8th, 1986. Persons wishing to present papers are invited to submit an abstract. The purpose of the conference is to provide a forum for exchange of information on rare and endangered plants. The conference will include formal presentations in concurrent sessions, open forum discussions, a poster session, and workshops. Proceedings will be published by CNPS. Papers describing research on endangered plants are requested. Taxonomic and ecological studies are of interest, although emphasis will be placed on management-related topics including specialized field techniques for evaluating, monitoring, and mitigating adverse effects on endangered plants. Experience from regions other than western United States are welcome. This conference will be of interest to persors involved with endangered species management for public agencies, private industry, educational institutions, or through conservation organizations. Early submittal by authors is requested. Abstracts are due no later than June 1, 1986. Abstracts and requests for information should be directed to Jim Nelson, Conference Coordinator, California Native Plant Society, 909 Twelfth Street, Suite 116, Sacramento, CA 95814. - 7 - ANNOUNCEMENTS (Cont . ) 1) Southern California Botanists has publishea its first special publication entitled "A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, Southern California" by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thorne. This October, 1985, publication is a new., annotated list of the vascular plants ana the plant communities of the Santa Rosa Plateau which incluaes a large Nature Conservancey preserve in the Santa Ana Mountains. The 39-page publication is available for $5.50 at all S.C.B.. events. It is also available by mail for $6.50 (bookrate) or $7.fiG (first class). Seno your check and current address to Southern California Botanists, c/o Alan Romspert, Dept, of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. A limitea number of copies is also available at the Rancho Santa Botanic Garden Bookstore in Claremont; the price there is set by the bookstore. 2) Watch for tfhe Southern California Botanists' seconu special publication: "Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California" by Barry Pngge. See progress report on following pages. EQQ1HILL EBEEflAY PUBLIC HEARINGS On February 20, the first public hearing on proposea routes or the "Foothill Freeway" was held in San Clemente. The Foothill Freeway is the southern segment of a proposea freeway that wouia link the 91 in Santa Ana Canyon to 1-5 in or south of San Clemente, along the base of the Santa Ana Mountains . One of the proposea routes skirts the eastern eage of Cristianitos Reserve, ana wouia obliterate Cristianitos Creek. This route is also one or the most feasible in terms of engineering, construction, ana lack of infringement on existing towns. All of the other proposea routes have similar pros ana cons. Scoping meetings on the Foothill Freeway will begin in April. If you wouia like to help in choosing its least harmful route, call Celia Kutcher (496-96899, evenings). 12M S y mpps iuii,. The scheaule has been set for the SCB Annual Symposium. The uate will oe Saturuay, November 15 ana the topic will be "Paleobotany ana Ethnodotany of the Southwest." This symposium will be organizes the same way as our past efforts with 5 features speakers aiscussing their research or area of expertise at length. Please mark your calendar now ana begin informing associates of this upcoming event. - 8 - ^oathern California 8otan»stS PLANT-' BOOK SALE da-lifornia. A/atiN e Plarit^ o-rsd Erotics For LUa.tex Conserving &a~rdz.riS ^ April 1 9 # 6 * 8 :oo A.n to a:oQ pm. Maid Visitor Pb-rKinj tot fiTThe. RAA/CRO SflWT/^ /^A/ ft SotRHic, Q^vbn Clar^v-noht,) CaJ ’\*P fer Infov-na£i^h Ca, 1 1 Dor) Co u.gK 1 1 n C7/V)35l-<9S9 00 or (JW) 720-257/ In+ersTa-tC IO Progress on the Second Edition of the Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California By Barry A. Prigge Herbarium - Botanical Garden University of California Lob Angeles, CA 90034 Since the Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California was first published in 1966 by Peter Raven and Henry Thompson, it has proven to be a valuable and popular reference manual for learning the local flora. In 1977 the flora was revised and the nomenclature was updated by David Verity. Since then many species that were not included in the flora have been brought to our attention. The greatest number of additions are from the enthusiastic collecting of Michael Grayum and Daryl Koutnik (1982) who published a list of 31 new record for the Santa Monica Mountains. In addition to their work many students of the flora, Timothy Thomas, David Hallombe, Kei Nakai, Richard Burgess, to name a few, have brought to the herbarium at UCLA plants that are new for the range. Thus a sizable list of new additions to the flora has been accumulated primarily through the efforts of other collectors. - 9 - Because of the sizable number of new records, the frequent requests for the flora, and the nomenclatural changes required, I have undertaken a major revision of the flora at the suggestion of Henry Thompson. This edition of the flora has been completely retyped, nomenclature updated, new species added, some of the keys reworked, and illustrations have been redrawn and some added. A fairly complete introduction has been added which incor- porates discussions on the climate, geology, plant communities, life-forms, statistics of the flora, and a map of the range. A total of 66 species have been added to the flora since it was first published. Forty-two of these are native plants. There are undoubtedly more species to be added as the poorly collected western end of the range is better botanized. In fact there are several species that are included in McCauley's (1985) recently published book, Wildf lowers of the Santa Monica Mountains. that are not included in this flora. Some of these are deliberate omissions because I have not seen specimens and have not been able to find them in the field; thus I have not been able to check their determinations. Some I feel were misdetermined or are introductions that are not naturalized. There are some omissions that I simply was not aware of and others that were probably inadvertantly omitted due to poor records. If new records of species that have been omitted are to be incorporated in an addendum or future revisions of the flora, voucher specimens have to be made with collection data and deposited at a local herbarium. Sight records and specimens of new species for the range in private collections are almost as good as never being collected. Depositing specimens in other than a local herbarium is an unnecessary inconvenience, and unless cited in a publication will undoubtedly be overlooked. The arrangement of the flora is now alphabetical. Thus species are arranged alphabetically within genera; genera, within families; and families, within their respective classes or divisions. The tribal break- down of the Asteraceae has followed Turner and Powell (1977) where by the artificial tribe Helenieae has been eliminated and the genera of that former tribe placed in either the Heliantheae or Senecioneae. The family treatment of the Monocotyledoneae follows Dalhgren et al (1985). For current nomen- clature Kartesz and Kartesz (1980) was consulted and served to highlight taxa where some nomenclatural reference work was required. However, nomen- - 10 - clature presented there was not necessarily followed. Numerous taxonomic treatments were\consulted to understand the reasons for the name changes. Even after reviewing the reasons, the choice of one name over another is often subjective. Generally the current authority of a particular group was followed. It is hoped that this second edition of the Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains. California will be as successful as the first, will continue to stimulate botanical interest in the range, and will serve its purpose not only as a flora to the Santa Monica Mountains but as an introductory manual for beginning students who are learning how to work with keys to identify plants. The floras of Munz, Abrams, and Jepson are generally too formidable for beginning students. The flora is almost ready to be sent to the printer and will be avail- able for sale in one or two months from the Southern California Botanists. In revising this flora, I have tried to end up with a quality publication at a reasonable price. Every effort has been made to have a neat, consistent format. The final publication will be reduced and printed from photo-ready copy. The final format will be 8.5 X 11 inches, soft-bound , and about 180 pages. Literature Cited Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The families of the Monocotyledons, structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. 520 pp. Grayum, M. H. and D. L. Koutnik. 1982. New records of vascular plants from the Santa Monica Mountains, California, and adjacent parts of Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Aliso 10: 313-320. Kartesz, J. T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 498 pp. McAuley, Milt. 1985. Wildflowers of the Santa Monica Mountains. Canyon Pulb. Co., Canoga Park, Calif. 546 pp. Turner, B. L. and A. M. Powell. 1977. Helenieae - systematic review, pp. 699-738. In V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harbourne, B. L. Turner (Eds.), The biology and chemistry of the Compositae, Vol. 2. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco. - 11 - SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS GRANTS AVAILABLE SCB announces its annual program of grants to support student research in field botany, e.g., floristics, taxonomy, ecology. Both graduates and undergraduates are encouraged to apply. The amount of an award varies but cannot exceed $200.00. A limited number of proposals can be funded. Grants may cover expendable items (gasoline, film, etc.) not otherwise available to the student. Proposals containing the following information will be considered: 1. Title page. 2. Description of proposed research, primary objectives, and relationship of the research to the student's goals (two page limit). 3. Timetable for research: anticipated commencement and completion dates. 4. Budget, with justifications, and statement regarding availability of funds from other sources. 5. Brief resume stating current position, education, affiliations, qualifications and anticipated position and address at completion of research. 6. A letter of recommendation from a faculty member (may be sent separately to the Student Research Grants Committee). Three copies of the proposal should be submitted before May 1. 1 986 to: Student Research Grants Committee Southern California Botanists Department of Biological Science California State University Fullerton, California 92634 SCB will publish the results of the research in its journal, Crossosoma. Awardees will provide SCB a formal report of the research completed, in a format suitable for publication, by not later than one year following receipt of the grant. - 12 - Prom the Editors Many of you think of me as a zoologist- You may wonder what has happened to the world when a zoologist becomes managing editor for a botanical journal. Let me explain. I got my B.S. and M.S. degrees in biology at the University of Southern California. The degrees were awarded P.M. (Pre-Molecular) , so about half of my undergraduate course work was in botany. My Master's thesis was on the distribution and biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the San Gabriel Mountains. The emphasis was on relationships of the heroetofauna to the plant communities. Work included preparation of a vegetation map for the San Gabriel Range. My Ph.D. work was on the population ecology of a small fresh water fish in an isolated spring in south-eastern Arizona. The degree from Arizona State University was officially awarded in zoology, but the research included a complete survey of the spring ecosystem including aquatic and terrestrial vegetation. I think of myself as an ecologist or naturalist. My interests are in biogeography, evolution, and community ecology. Lately, most of my energy has been directed toward completion of a book, A NATURAL HISTORY OP CALIFORNIA. It includes plants, animals, climate., and geology of the different natural regions of the state. I hope to finish it by this summer. I'm about 80% through with it now. When the book is finished, I shall return to a project I began several years ago: it's a photographic work on the pines of California. Meanwhile, I shall continue teaching Ecology, Biology, and Zoology at Fullerton College. I also anticipate continued part-time affiliation with the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at U.C. Irvine where I teach Coastal Ecology, Desert Ecology, and Mountain Ecology. I am pleased to serve as the new managing editor for CROSSOSOMA. It has been one of my favorite journals because I have found so many of the articles to be truly useful. I hope to see it continue as a useful journal. In that vein, I’m sure everyone will agree that the February, 1986, issue with the nomenclatural revisions will become a standard reference for years to come. I can see it tucked neatly inside the front cover of everyone's copy of Munz. From the present issue, Geoff Smith's article on the Palms to Pines Highway also should be very useful. It is my hope that we will be able to pub- lish more of these botanical field excursions. If anyone has a favorite trip where he or she knows the conspicuous vegetation thoroughly, please consider writing an article for a future issue. - 13 - In addition, let's continue to publish the results oC scientific inquiry. CROSSOSOMA should continue to serve as an excellent instrument for the presentation of new research relevant to southern California plants. I realize I have a tough act to follow as managing editor. Gene Jones has done an admirable job for a number of years. I will do my best. If you wish to communicate with me, please use my address at Fullerton College. Allan A. Schoenherr Division of Biological Sciences Fullerton College 321 E. Chapman Ave. Fullerton, CA 92634 BOARD OF DIRECTORS SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS - 1986 Mona Myatt (Pres.) 6421 N. Golden West Ave Temple City, 91780 (818) 302-1466 (W) (818) 447-0755 (H) DIRECTORS Jack Burk Dept, of Biol. Sci. CSUF , Fullerton, 92634 (714) 773-3678 (W) (714) 993-3419 (H) Marvin Chesebro 1545 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 708 Los Angeles, 90017 (213) 627-4878 (W) (213) 939-3081 (H) Andy Sanders 422 Campus View Dr. Riverside, 92507 (714) 787-3601 David Bramlet (2pd VPl 1691 Mesa Dr^ Apt. A-2 Santa Ana, 92707 (714) 855-0222 (W) (714) 549-0647 (H) C. Eugene Jones Dept, of Biol. Sci. CSUF, Fullerton, 92634 (714) 773-3548 (W) (714) 528-1705 (H) Alan Romspert (Tr/Mem) Dept, of Biol. Sci. CSUF, Fullerton, 92634 (714) 773-2428 (W) (714) 870-0946 (H) Allan Schoenherr (Ed.) Fullerton College 321 Es Chapman Ave. Fullerton, 92634 (714>. 871-8000 (W) (714) 494-0675 (H) teo Song Dept, of Biol. Sci. CSUF, Fullerton, 92634 (714) 773-2766 (W) (714) 538-6316 (H) Robert Thorne Geoff Smith Rancho Santa Ana Bot Gard 28209 Vista Del Valle 1500 N. College Ave. Hemet, 92344 Claremont, 91711 (714) 871-8000 (W) (714) 625-8767 (W) (714) 929-5248 (H) (714) 624-7191 (H) Mary Beth Roehn 1390 Arroyo Ave. Pomona, 91768 (714) 865-0873 Barry Prigge (1st VP) Sherry Schmidt (Sec.) Herb & Botanic Garden P.0. Box 771 UCLA, Los Angeles, 90024 Silverado, 92676 (213) 825-3620 (W) (714) 649-2283 Kathleen Pahl (Publicity ) Don Coughlin (Plant sales) 240 Loma Street 5061 Bushnell Street Long Beach, 90803 (818) 312-4519 (W) (213) 439-7301 (H) Riverside, 92505 (714) 780-3571 (W) (714) 351-1959 (H) - 14 - CALENDAR OF EVENTS April £ (Saturday) . SCB Plant Sale at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, featuring California native plants suitable for lanascaping. Sale begins at 6:00 a.m. There also will be an assortment of books for sale. See ad in this issue for aetails ana map. April 12-13 ( Saturday - Sunoay ) . C«nQ£ Hip. Mona Nyatt will be leaoing a SCB canoe trip through the Topock Gorge of the ColQtaoo River, between Needles and Lake Havasu. The cost is $30.00 per person which includes equipment ana camping fees for two ciays. For reservations send a check to: Mona Hyatt 6421 11. Goloen West Avenue Temple City, CA 917 80 Call Mona for more details: Work (816)302-1466 Home (818)447-0755 Aoril 12 ( Saturday ) a.ffi. PlUHSfi ClSSll Mash- Tim Krantz will lead this field trip to examine the threatened alluvial coastal sage scrub community. This area is also known to contain populations of the rare Cf ptroste'cia leotoceras and Eriastrum densif QliHM. To reach the area take the San Bernardino freeway east to Reolands ana go north on Orange Ave. (Hwy 30) . We will meet at the stoplight (Greenspot?) in the middle of the wash between Highland and Redlands. For further information contact Dave Bramlet at (714)549-0647. April 26-27 . Finwaras Air Force BaSfi. This trip has been rescheduled nr cm May lfc-11. Contact Walt Wright for details (714)549-8647 (evenings). Ape j i 21 (Saturday. Soring Open House at Rangllfl Sfi DUfl AHfi EQtani fi c.'a r r,pn . Theme: Alta Calif ornia-Baja California. A Shared Heritage of its Plants, Lane, and People. Admission: Free. Throughout the day skilled Mexican artisans will demonstrate some of the many unique folk arts which use natural materials. Talks focusing on botanical exploration ano the contributions of the mission fathers to modern landscape design will be presented during the aay. For map see aa for SCB Plant Sale. For aetails call (714)625-8767. April 22 - Sunaav . fi-Q- Karlin Marsh will lead an Orange County CNPS field trip in Silveraao Canyon. Call Dave Bramlet (714)849-6647 for details . May 2-2. Southern California Academy Ql ScifiQgfifi Ann ual Weet iflSa ai California St^te University . San Bernardino in cooperation with: Desert Studies Consortium, California State Universities; Southern California Epotanists, American Cetacean Society, Southern California Ocean Stuaies Consortium, Universiaaa Autonoma ae Baja, California Sur. Two full days of symposia and contr ibuteo-paper sessions, professional ana stuaent papers, in all branches of the natural ano social sciences, will be presented. Awards of $100.00 each for the best stucent papers in the subject areas of Plant Ecology, Desert Ecology, Botany, Environmental Science, Vertebrate Zoology ano SCAS open categories to be determined^ - 15 - May 3. Saturday . 9:00. a.m. Celia Kutcner will leaa this Orange County trip to this large freshwater marsh. Take the San Diego Freeway to San Clemente anc get off at Cristianitos Ru. Go east ano meet at the intersection of Cristianitos ana El Canine Real. Call Dave Eramlet tor cetails . (Uote aate change) • May 12. Saturday . Ealuwin Lake find Arrastre Creek . Tim Krantz will leau this trip to examine some of the Pebble Plains flora ana then examine limestone enaenics ana the champion Joshua tree near Arrastre Creek. To reach the area take the San Eernaraino Freeway (I-1G) east to Realanas, to Orange Ave. (Hwy. 38). Take Hwy 38 to the San Bernardino National Forest. Go to the intersection of Hwy 38 ana 18 ana go right (east). We will meet at the shack (horse shack) on Hwy 18 near the Baldwin Lake Shore. Call Dave Eramlet ror aetails. May 24. Burns Canyon - Pioneer Town. Call Dave Eramiett for further information at (714)545-0647 (evenings). May 23-24 - Second Annual Southwestern Eotani.cal SYStfi watics. Symposium entitled, "Systeraatics , Evolution ana Adaptation in the American Southwest," will be hela at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Call (714)625-8767 for more information ana registration norms. It shoula be another excellent botanical symposium! June 2 (Saturday 4) . 8:00 a,m. Lacuna Peach . This trip will be lea by Frea Roberts to examine flowering populations of Dualeya stolonifera . Take the 4G5 freeway south to Hwy 133 (Lest) to Laguna Beach. From Laguna Beach go south on Hwy 1 ana turn right on Aiiso Way. Vie will meet in the parking lot. June 2G . Tentative. A trip to Cuyamaca Rancho State Park wcuia be great. However, we still neea a fiela trip leaaer. Any volunteers? Contact Dave Bramlet. July 12. Saturday . a.m. Little J ir-imy SpliflSS. Wayne Sawyer will ieaa this trip to examine some of the unusual montane riora or the San Gabriel Mountains. This trip will involve some moderately strenuous hiking up the riage trail past lit. Hawkins ana Throop Peak. To reach the area take the San Eernaaraino freeway (1-10) to the Cajon cuto*. (Hwy 15) ana go northwest on Hwy 238. Turn left at Hwy 2 ana make another left at Dig Pine. Take Hwy 2 to near the intersection of Hv/y 39. We will raeet at the Islip trail neaa. TREASURER/MEMEERSH IP'S REPORT Member s : The following statement shows the monetary transactions for 1985. As you can see, we extended $1,713.00 more than we receivea. The increase in membership dues will hopefully alleviate this problem in 1SC6, but new members ana donations will be most welcome. We finished 1985 with approximately 4LG members, but at this time we have only approximately 225 paid members for 1566. Please pass on the encloseo membership form uo frienos who might be interested in our organization. - 16 - SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS CHECKING ACCOUNT SUMMARY 1985 Starting Balance 12/26/84 Receipts $1,875.84 Receipts Membership 1,470.08 Plant Sales 1,376.50 Donations 135.00 Symposium 256.00 Miscellaneous 288.50 Petty Cash Return Printing Reimbursement Crossosoma Back Issues Interest 49.52 TOTAL RECEIPTS +3,575.52 Expenditures Mailing 511.87 Printing 1,535.11 Symposium 658.94 (303.82 for 1984; 355.12 for 1985) =55L>M 608.94 Check not cashed Typing 375.00 Postage 144.00 Plant Sales 1,381.80 (445.30 for 1984; ! 1985) -20.91 $1,360.89 (Check not cashed Student Grants 350.00 Miscellaneous 381.80 Petty Cash Permit Fee6 Stationary Expenses Bounced Checks 9.00 TOTAL EXPENDITURES -$5,288.52 Balance 12/26/85 $162.84 S.C.B. MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT- SUMMARY 1985 Starting Balance 1/15/85 $8,059.60 Deposits +642.00 Interest +5 M.U +9,296.33 Expenditures -2,997.00 Balance 12/16/85 $6,299.33 1984) - 17 - CALL FOR P A P E R S ANNOUNCEMENT California Native Plant Society util proudly present RARE ** & ENDANGERED PLANTS A California Conference on their Conservation & Management WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 5 - SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 8. 1986 The CaUfomia Native Plant Society (CNPSf in conjunction with several government agen- cies. conservation groups, and private corpora ti ons, is sponsor ' ing a conference on the conser- vation and management of rare and endangered plants. The conference will be held at the Capital Plaza Holiday Inn, 300 J Street, Sacramento, California, USA. It is designed to be a forum for information exchange through conc u rrent sessions, poster ses- sion, and workshops. Proceed- ings will be published by CNPS While there are many people and organizations in California involved in rare and endan gered plant monitoring, mitiga- tion, and law. a statewide con- ference has never been organized, until now. The time has come for such a conference. Papas describing research on rare and endangered plants are requested Taxonomic studies are of interest, although empha- sis will be placed on management-related topics including specialized field techniques, evaluating, monitor- ing, and mitigating adverse effects on rare and endangered planes. Experience from regions other than the western United Scares is encouraged Probable TOPICS - Why Presene Rare Plans ? - Rarity ■ A Definable Issue? - Modem Caures of Rarity - Documenting Endtngerraent A Extinction - Popuimon Dynamo of Rare Plana - Ecology of Endemic Pbnes - Exotic Spec* Displacing Rare Plants - Developing Effective Management Plans far long Term Conservation - The ftok of Hourac Ganfcm -Designing a Pitserve'Rasve - Laws & Their Effectives - Inventory SkUb - Impact Assessment -Mitigation - RestoratiotVRevegetation - Monitoring - Pitfiagatitm/Cuitivation - Success Stories -Open Forum Decisions QUESTIONS/ COMMENTS? CONTACT: Dr Thomas EUas, Program Chairmen Rondo Sonia Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College A*m* Claremont, CaUfomia 91711 (714)625-8767 REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION mmnai me * pn*** dm ***** RARE & ENDANGERED PLANTS Ptamea chad hams for tn fo rm aHom □ fegotnoon Material □ Call far Papen □ Additional Copter of this Announcement □ PwrerSereion □ Conference Sponsorship □ Conference Schedule OaGAMUTlON ADOttSS CTTY/STATT _ npcooe COUNTRY PHONE. return to: Jim Nelson, Conference Coordinator California Native Plant Society 909 12th Street. Suite 1(6. Sacramento. California 95814. U SA. - 18 - SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Southern California Botanists was founded in 1927 and presently has over 400 members. Our membership includes not only professional botanists, college and universities, arboreta, herbaria and museums, but also many interested lay persons. Our activities include an active program of field trips throughout the year, an annual symposium, lecture series and a potluck dinner. Southern California Botanists book sales offer members hundreds of quality books at substantial discounts. Many books not held in regular stock may be special-ordered. Southern California Botanists supports conservation efforts of many worthwhile groups and organizations. rmaflosoma is the journal of the Southern California Botanists and contains articles of both scientific and general interest. Among the purposes of this journal is the promotion of contemporary issues of conservation, especially in relation to botanical resources. All members are encouraged to submit articles for publication in C iQSSQ S Q mfl. We are eager to have quality articles on botany in Southern California, and articles, notes and notices of interest to our members. Please submit these to Editor, Crossosoma . Dept, of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. Authors of botanical articles published receive ten extra copies of the issue. APPLICATION £QB MEMBERSHIP Membership categories are: Individual (incl. the family) Group or organization NAME ADDRESS PHONE Make check payable to: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Mail check and this form or your letter to: Membership Chairman, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS, Dept, of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. BACK ISSUES Q£ CROSSOSOMA Back issues of CROSSOSOMA are available at eight (8) dollars per volume plus one dollar for postage and handling. Inquiries should be addressed to: Editor -CROSSOSOMA, Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634. Please state the volumes desired and include payment in your order. Checks should be made to Southern California Botanists. **************** ********************************************************** CROSSOSOMA is published bimonthly (February, April, June, August, October and December) by Southern California Botanists, a California non-profit corporation exempt from taxes under Sec. 501(C) 3 of the Internal Revenue Code. Dues are on a calendar year basis. Regular $8.00. Groups $15.00. . We thank all those who promptly remitted their 1986 dues. All otners, please send your checks. This Journal can only be sent to members whose dues are current $ 8.00 15.00 DATE - 19 - O -* 3 © <5 § Sgo q ° J O 2 ° DOW -eg 2 ® CD ^>2 < QJ © D = © o 00 *3 CL 9 D Z APR "71 m H. JSOTAK -w- i t:?** 3 * «•■ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS CROSSOSOMA p.RAPy 'JUN 30 1986 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont CA 91 7 BO T A f^! 1 CAL GARDEN Crossosoma Vol. 12, No. 3 Issue Editors: Andy Sanders and Leo Song Managing Editor: Allan Schoenherr June, 1986 EARLY HUMAN USES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA VEGETATION by Charlotte Clarke , * *• Illustrations by Karlin Marsh INTRODUCTION: ff-X Since the dawn of man, plants have played a crucial role in the survival of the human species. Indians of southern California were expert at gathering and utilizing the plants of their environment. Even before the arrival of explorers and missionaries the resourceful native used virtually all of the plants around him in one way or another. This paper is an overview of the chief native species that were used by early tribes. DESERT SPECIES: On the desert, Mesquite was a staple of the Mojave, Yuma, Cocopah and Cj * i indians. Both Prosopis gland ulosa and P. pubescens were used in the raw o«rietf state. The pods were collected green or ripe and usually prepared by grincftfcg-'tffei into a meal that was mixed with water. This mush was eaten uncooked after being left to stand for a few hours to ferment. This procedure was thought to its flavor. The beans were ground in stone or wooden mortars or holes Wooden mortars used by the desert indians were usually made from a lod Mesquite wood hollowed out by burning. Long slender pestles of wood oj were used to crush and pound the meal. Among some tribes the seeds from the pulp and ground into flour on a metate, usually a flat piece of rock used much like a pastry board. Bread was then made of the flour. Whole seeds were sometimes boiled and fermented for a drink; one of the few instances in which Mesquite products were cooked. Mesquite wood was used for poles to build homes, or for stools. Fibers from the roots, bark and inner bark were used by several tribes in making their beautiful baskets. War clubs, spears, bows and arrow shafts were made from the wood. Sharpened, fire -hardened sticks for digging out bulbs and tubers were also made of Mesquite wood. The gum from the tree was used as a glue or was dissolved in water for easing sore throats and eyes. The gum could be mixed with mud for killing head lice. A black dye was also made from various parts of the plant. All in all, Mesquite was so valuable that individual trees were often owned by indi - viduals and so marked. The Desert Agave, Agave deserti as well as A^ utahensis were important food plants to the desert tribes. The young "cabbages" (flowering stalks) were especially sought in early spring. Entire plants were dug up with sticks and trimmed of leaves except for two. These were used to tie them to a pole for transporting. Sometimes just the flowering stalk was used. The stalks or plants were then roasted in an earth oven. This was a pit dug in the ground and lined with rocks which was thoroughly £ - 2 - heated and banked over with earth and coals. This was left for a day or two. The resultant product was sweet and molasses colored. They were removed from the pit and eaten fresh or dried for later use. They kept for years. Agaves provided other products as well. Fibers from the leaves were obtained by soaking and pounding them. The resulting cordage was used for bowstrings, brooms, hair brushes and many other products. The flower buds of the more mature plants were boiled, dried and eaten. Yucca baccata Yucca spp. were used in much the same manner as Agaves. Flowering stalks, blossoms, seeds and fruits were all eaten. Excellent fiber was made from the leaves. Opuntia spp. were another staple item in early indian diet. The fruits are well known for their sweetness even today. They were eaten fresh after rubbing off the fine spines, or they could be dried, steamed or boiled. Unripe fruit could be boiled with hot stones in baskets and then fermented. Young leaves were also boded, while seeds were toasted and ground into a meal used for soups and cakes. The pulp of older pad-like stems was often used for dressing cuts and bruises. - 3 - The Barrel Cactus, Echinocactus acanthodes was also much used. The buds of this species were particularly prized for parboiling or steaming. The interior was often pounded to release its water, and then the hollowed out plant used as an oven for cooking other foods. The stout cactus thorns were used as awls and needles. Pin us monop hy 11a , Pinon, and other species of Pinus provided food-rich seeds for the tribes. Men with long forked sticks would dislodge the cones while they were still green, and the women collected them in large burden baskets. The cones were piled in heaps and burned. This procedure would dry the pitch and cause the cone scales to open and release the seeds. Cones were then struck at the base to knock seeds loose. Each nut shell was cracked with stone grinding implements before winnowing the shells from the seeds in shallow baskets. The nuts could be eaten dried or were further roasted and stored for later use. Pinons were an important trade item. Pine sap was chewed and used to cover sores and burns. A bark infusion was used for consumption and rheumatism. This was particularly true of the Sugar Pine, Pinus lambertiana. The sap was also an important glue and waterproofing agent. Once heated in water, it solidifies upon cooling. It can thus be stored in a solid state and reheated for malleability as needed. - 4 - Pin us mono ph.y 11a Pinus lambertiana Of the many annuals and shrubs that produced seeds used by the desert tribes, the most important was Chia, Salvia columbariae . This annual held a unique place in the economy of the southwestern indians. The small, slippery, gray-brown seeds were gathered in great quantities by bending the heads of the plants over a rather flat, tightly woven basket and beating the seed into it with a basketwork fan. Chia had many uses and was much esteemed. Seeds were stirred into water and made into a popular drink. More often, however, seeds were dried, roasted and ground into flour. This was eaten dry, mixed with water to drink or to make a soup. The meal contains a great deal of glue which swells in water. It has a very high food value and was said to be used as a food for forced marches. One teaspoon was enough for 24 hours. The flour was often baked into cakes. Because of their glutinous properties, seeds were also placed under the eyelids to remove dust particles or help clear inflammation. Many of the leaves of Chia as well as those of its mint relatives, were used for gastric troubles. One tribe chewed the leaves with salt; others made them into a tea. The Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera, was a dependable said significant food plant for the Cahuilla. The heavy fruit clusters were gathered in early autumn or late summer and eaten fresh or dried in the sun. The thin outer flesh is sweet, like dates. Both flesh and seed were ground into flour and eaten as a mush or soaked - 5 - in water for a beverage. During times of famine, the heart, or pith of the palm was boiled and eaten. Long palm fronds were useful for sides and roof of houses. Stems were used to make cooking utensils. Leaves were used for flailing and hulling dried seeds and also made into sandals. The palm oasis was often a sign that water was nearby and thus a good place for hunting game. Because the trees were prone to insect and parasite infestations, the tribes would periodically set fire to the trunks to counter these maladies. Quercus agrifolia In valleys and coastal areas, the chief foods were acorns, pine nuts and elder- berries. The acorns of numerous species of Quercus were used. This custom was so widespread and important that it has been given a name all of its own - balanophagy It has been estimated that at one time acorn soup or "atole" was the chief daily food of more than three-quarters of native California. The process of gathering, storing, preparing and using acorns varied somewhat from tribe to tribe, but the procedure was much the same. The earliest process seems to have been to bury - 6 - the nuts whole in mud for several months to leach out the bitter tannic acid. Later they were dried, ground and made into mush or meal. Acorns were one of the few nuts that were always ground by the tribes, but not because they were hard. Grinding facilitated leaching and preparation. Grinding was done in a stone mortar until the nuts formed a fine meal. Later tribes mixed the meal with water in a shallow depression made in the sand or a low basket. Water was allowed to percolate through the mass until the bitter taste disappeared. Once this more efficient method was discovered, it apparently spread rapidly throughout the tribes. In sweeter acorns, leaching was accomplished in one night. The resulting wet meal had the consistency of dough, especially if worked with the hands. It was sometimes converted into unleavened bread which was baked overnight in the earth oven. Some tribes mixed a little clay with the dough and placed a leaf on each cake, perhaps for identification. The resulting blackened cake resembled a fossilized leaf which leads to speculation about the finds of certain amateur archeologists. Meal that wasn't baked was kept for atole, as mentioned above. Qak trees were so va± u _,. that they, like Mesquite, were considered personal property by some groups. Elderberry , Sambucus mexicana and S. caerulea , were often found near village sites. Berries were readily and abundantly available in late summer and fall. S. mexicana generally occurred at lower elevations and S. caerulea in the mountains. Berries were eaten fresh and considered quite sweet. They were also cooked into a sauce or pudding which was highly favored. Large quantities were dried for use throughout the year. The blossoms were brewed into a medicinal tea which was used to treat fevers, stomach upsets, colds and flu. The tea was also considered bene- ficial to newborn babies. Blossoms were sometimes fried in fat and eaten. Both berries and stems were a source of dye. Many medicinal uses of the leaves and bark have been reported. Examples include use as a tonic, a diuretic, for itch or for sores and ulcers. Musical whistles were made of the hollowed-out stems. This latter use gained the tree the title "Tree of Music" which has been mentioned in much folklore. Arrow shafts were also fashioned from stems. - 7 - It is certain that the natives of this area had a diverse and abundant supply of these main food plants which is in contrast to many other North American tribes. Repeated accounts of starvation are reported in tribes throughout the continent when a particular staple failed to produce, but this was not the case in southern California. There existed no single plant that was depended upon. From many plants, numerous products could be gathered in sufficient quantities for an entire tribe. With the buds and greens of spring (i. e. , Agave and Yucca); the seeds and fruits of summer (i. e. , Chia, Mesquite and Elderberry); and the nuts in fall and early winter (i. e. , acorn and pine); there were only a few months of the year when the resourceful indian did not have a ready food supply. For these few months, dried and stored materials sufficed quite well. REFERENCES: Balls, E. K. , 1970, Early Uses of California Plants, U. C. Press Barrows, David P. , 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern Cf^jfornia, Malki Museum Press .an, L. J. and K. S. Saubel, 1972, Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Malki Museum Clarke, Charlotte, 1977, Edible and Useful Plants of California, U. C. Press Heizer, R. F. and M. A. Whipple, 1971 , The California Indians, U. C. Press Schneider, Albert, 1906, The Medicinal Plants of the California Indians, Merck Report 15:1906 Weiner, M. A. , 1972, Earth Medicine - Earth Foods - Plants, Remedies, Drugs and Natural Foods of the North American Indians, Macmillan Pub. SCB PLANT SALE A SUCCESS . On 5 April 1986, over 100 enthusiastic botanists and gardeners attended the annual SCB native plant and book sale held at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. The sale took in approximately $1620. After deducting wholesale costs SCB made about $500 profit. We want to thank Mockingbird Nurseries, Inc. and Wildwood Nursery for supplying the native plants and the many volunteers who aided people in their plant selections. There was considerable interest in the sale by the public, who outnumbered SCB members 5 to 1 . Most nonmembers heard about the sale from newspapers and garden- ing magazines. A questionnaire completed by participants asked how they heard about the sale, and if they had any requests for other plants. Requests ranged from cacti and desert natives to oaks - 8 - and other trees. Specific requests were for manzanitas (Arctosta- phylos ) , Sages ( Salvia ) # Flannel bush ( Fremontodendron g Fremontia ) and various species of Ceanothus. Various herbaceous species were also requested. If you missed the sale, and are looking for natives for your garden, watch for announcements of future sales, or contact Don Coughlin at Mockingbird Nursery (714) 780-3571. REWARDS OFFERED FOR FINDING RARE PLANTS The American Horticultural Society is offering rewards of up to $260 for organizations and up to $100 for individuals who document the existence of plants which were thought to be extinct. For a list of plants thought to be extinct in your region, send a self-addressed 30-cent stamped envelope to Wild Flower Rediscovery Project, AHS, P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121. AUTOBIOGRAPHY by Leo C. Song, Jr. Dept, of Biological Sciences California State University, Fullerton Fullerton CA 92634 714/773-2766 I have been around plants all my life. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, we had a large garden which my father tended very carefully. It was from him where my interest in plants started. At UCLA, my botanical education began in earnest. Exposed to a wide diversity of plants, I began to appreciate the work involved in ti care of plants from all oyer th& world. It was almost an accident that I was reintroduced to one of my main interests, carnivorous plants S s s © Q ft) a 3 3 o J3 z > w O H (/> CD ili 3 4* U1 03 C* m n 03 CROSSOSOMA SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont CA 91711 Crossosoma Vol. 12, No. 4 Issue Editors: Jack Burk and Marvin Chesebro Managing Editor: Allan Schoenherr August, 1986 Stand Characteristics of Southern Oak Woodland on the Santa Rosa Plateau, Southern California Earl W. Lathrop and Brian Wong 1 Department of Biology Loaa Linda University Riverside, CA 92505 The Engelmann oak ( Quercus enge lmannl 1 Greene), Coast Live Oak (Q^ agrifolia Nee), and the California Walnut ( Juglans California S. Wats.) are the dominant trees of the southern oak woodland, with various species of Ceano thu s , Rhus , Rlbes , Rhamnus , and other shrubby genera Intruding from the chaparral (Thorne 1976) along with various grasses and forbs from the closely associated southern California grassland (Lathrop and Thorne 1976, 1978, 1985a). Subdoalnant trees such as Sycamore ( Pla tanus racemosa Nutt.) and Red Willow ( Sal lx laevlga ta Bebb.) are usually only associated with the oaks in riparian woodland in valleys. Coast Live Oak dominates in valleys and on Bolster slopes and ranges throughout the area designated as southern oak woodland, from Los Angeles County to San Diego County (Munz and Keck 1949; Thorne 1976). Engelmann Oak, however, has a small total range coapared to Coast Live Oak (Plumb and Goaez 1983) and occurs only in the southern part of the woodland range where it doalnates on drier slopes and savanna-type habitats and ranges, in dense to scat te red stands, south froa Los Angeles County to Riverside and San Diego counties and northern Baja California (California Departaent of Parks and Recreation 1983). Griffin (1977) divides the southern oak woodland of Thorne (1976) into two phases, the Coast Live Oak phase, which occurs north between 1 Hong Kong Adventist College, Kowloon, Hong Kong - 1 - Orange and Santa Barbara counties where the California Walnut is often dominant, and the Engelmann Oak phase which completes the distribution of southern oak woodland south. The Coast Live Oak fills in the space between the Blue Oak ( Quercus douglasii Hook, and Arn.) phase in the north and its small southern homologue, the Engelmann Oak phase. The woodland on the Santa Rosa Plateau is typical of the "Engelmann Oak phase" of the southern oak woodland (Griffin 1977; Lathrop and Zuill 1984). The establishment of the 3,100 acre Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve by the California Nature Conservancy in 1984 (Lathrop and Thorne 1985b) has encouraged research there, specifically monitoring of the biota on the plateau, and this study is intended to form the base for future monitoring of the oak woodland, along with previous such studies (Zuill 1967, Snow 1972;1979, and Lathrop and Zuill 1984). Methods Field work was conducted from April 1984 - February 1985. The purpose of the study, which differed from previous studies, was to quantitatively sample stand increments for density and basal area. This was acomplished by using the point-quarter method (Brower and Zar 1984). Since the Santa Rosa Plateau is topogrpahically orientated, twenty two transect lines were run on arbitrarily selected hills and valleys, with measurements of 727 trees (N) in 182 random points. Raw data from the sampling was used to calculate Density (no/ha) and basal area (m /ha) of tree trunks at diameter breast high (dbh). The trees were also catogorized into thirteen 10 cm stand increments starting at 2.5 cm/dbh, with the last increment 1 2 3 > cm/dbh. Trees from hills and valleys (including riparian) were calculated separa tely . Mean tree hieght and mean canopy height was determined by use of the Spcigel Relaskope (Finlayson 1983). Sixteen transect lines were run with random measurements of 672 trees (N), also on hills and valleys. Trees which were 2.5 m> tall and within 15 m on either side of the transect line were sampled. - 2 - Results Stand chac terls tics of density, basal area, and tree and canopy heights are reported here to give the general tree structure by species and topography (Table 1). The total trees are then categorized Into stand lncreaents (size-class Increments) to Identify the relative abundance of a particular size-class (Figs. 1 and 2 ) . Table 1. Comparison of Tree Structure by Topography, , Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County , California . N» no . of trees sampled . Tree S tr uc t u re / S pe c ie s Valleys N Hills N Density (no/ha) Quercus agrifolia 25.0 145 10.0 106 Q. engelmannll 20.0 118 32 . 0 318 Sallx laevigata 1.7 10 - - Platanus racemosa 5.0 30 - - Basal Area (m 2 /ha) q . agrifolia 5.3 145 3.3 106 Q. engelmannll 5.7 118 10.2 318 S. laevigata 0.2 10 - - P. racemosa 0.8 30 - - Mean Tree/Canopy Heights (m) Q. agrifolia 7. 5/6. 2 181 9.6/8. 2 63 Q. engelmannll 9. 1/7.1 149 9.0/7. 4 223 S . laevlga ta 5. 3/5.0 7 - - P. racemosa 10.8/8.7 49 A comparison of density by species (Table 1) shows that Engelmann Oak tends to be of higher density on hills compared to that of Coast Live Oak, but not so In valleys, where It Is slightly less dense than Const Live Oak. Willows and the Sycamore were only associated with the oak woodland where there were intermittent streams courses In valleys, which accounts for their small density counts. Total tree density was slightly higher In valleys (51.7/ha) compared to hills - 3 - (42/ha). Basal area or coverage (a /ha) Is a measure of how auch the living tree trunks (dbh) cover the ground surface. Our data indicate that Engelmann Oak has higher basal area on hills coapared to Coast Live Oak, but in valleys this value is approxlaa tely equal between the two oak species (Table 1). It is of interest to note that while total tree densities differ topographically, total tree basal area is approximately equal between valleys and hills (Table 1). A comparison of mean tree height and mean canopy height (Table 1) show that both of these values are similar in the two oak species, even topographically. The high value for tree height of the Sycamore attests to the overall physiognomic appearance of the woodland that one observes in the field, where the riparian woodland towers above the surrounding oak woodland. A comparison of density (no/ha) of trees by size-class increments in realtion to hills and valleys (Fig.l) shows the relative abundance of the stand increments. Overall, this graph indicates that the middle size classes 32-62 cm/dbh have considerable higher densities, at least on hills, over the rest of the size classes. Using the age classes as proposed by Snow (1972) for oaks on the Santa Rosa Plateau, the oak species in these middle size classes' would range from 64-124 years of age. At dbh's above the aid-size classes densities drop to where there are only relatively few trees with trunk diameters of 102 ca/dbh and more. The largest tree measured was 173 cm/dbh. Likewise the stand increments below 32 ca/dbh are of lower densities, specially on hills. Ll 22 32 42 32 42 72 •! 92 1«2 112 122 132 * **?• o “ Q o > > CP = 3 -‘cS °» -n CD DO O ^ > 2 < OJ X z CD 3 2 o' > c _ CD O CD 00 o *n H CL > CD 3 Z c/> C/J m • L* 3 Lfj m n CD Cr- "0 Z w C G o g B r cn z 1 M w • » IP so > *0 o z O H o o z o cn M *-3 > H* CA o O 4* M JO cn • O CROSSOSOMA SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont CA 91711 CROSSOSOMA Vol . 12, No. 5 (Program Issue) October, 1936 Issue Editors: Allen Romspert and Geoff Smith Managing Editor: Allan Schoenherr 12TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PALEOECOLOGY AND ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SOUTHWEST COSPONSORED BY THE DEPT. OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND PETER BOULER, DIRECTOR OF THE COOPERATIVE OUTDOOR PROGRAM IN THE STUDENT ACTIVITIES OFFICE DATE: SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1986 TIME: 8:45 AM TO 4:00 PM REGISTRATION BEGINS AT 8:60 Ah PLACE: HERITAGE ROOM, UNIVERSITY CENTER; U.C., IRVINE PARK IN THE UftlETERED SPACES OF THE P4 LOT CURRENT S.C.B. MEMBER COST: $ 7.00 $15.00 WITH RENEWAL OF MEMBERSHIP FOR 1987 $ 10.00 NON-MEMBER C NON-MEMBER PROGRAM ISSUE PALEOECOLOGY AND ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SOUTHWEST Saturday, November 15, 1986 University of California, Irvine November 15, 1986 will be the date of Southern California Botanists' 12th Symposium. We are returning this year to the site of our 1984 symposium in the Heritage Room of the University of California, Irvine. This year's topic will range from prehistoric environments and the methods for describing and discovering what they once were, to Native Americans' uses of plants. Paleoecology and ethnobotany will often be closely linked in these talks since the availability of uncultivated plants is determined by environ- mental conditions; ethnobotany is one of the primary clues to describe previous ecosystems. Actually, these talks could just as easily have been entitled "Ethnoecology and Paleobotany in the Southwest. " Our five speakers come from California or her neighbor to the east, Arizona. We will be hearing about the mountains, deserts and the Colorado River Valley. Subject matter covers the last 15,000 years. The native peoples discussed will be as varied as the evidence used to understand both the ancient environments and the ways Southwest Americans fit into their world. As in the past, Peter Bowler of the U. C., Irvine Student Activities Office has provided the Heritage Room and is acting as cosponsor along with the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Registration will begin at 8; 00 a.m. at the table just outside the main entrance to the Heritage Room at the University Center. Free refreshments will be provided at that table. We do ask that no food or drink be brought into the Heritage Room. Maps showing local lunch spots can be picked up at the registration table. - 3 - Parking is in Lot P4. Watch for signs directing you to the symposium. Put this event on your calendars. I hope to see all of you members there. Please help us make this year's event a big success. Invite your friends and "plant lovers'* to the symposium. There is also absolutely nothing wrong with xeroxing the flyer and posting it in your workplace, supermarket, racketball court, or anywhere else that you know there are interested people and potential SCB members. If you do not come, you will miss it and have to wait a whole year! See you there ! ! ! ! ! 1 1 ! 1 1 !!! ! Mona Myatt President, SCB ******* ****** ************** ************** ****************** ******* SCHEDULE 8:00 Registration; Coffee Heritage Room, U. C. Irvine 8:45 Introduction. Mona Myatt, SCB President. 9:00 Jan Timbrook, Assistant Curator of Anthropology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105. "Ethnopyromania in Southern California Grasslands" (The Chumash during the Spanish Colonial Period.) Evidence from the early Spanish Colonial period indicates that the Chumash Indians, a hunting-gathering group in coastal Southern California, practiced systematic burning of grasslands during the summer months. This form of vegetation modification selected for plant species which were important to Chumash subsistence. Local distribution of plant species and communities has changed following suppression of burning in mission time. - 4 - 9:50 Gene Anderson, Dept, of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. "Chaparral Ethnobotany . " The Indians of southern California made a living from the chaparral and related communities, relying heavily on nuts, seeds and fruits for food. They managed the environ- ment intensively, largely through regular and planned burning, but also (probably) through selective conservation and hunting of animal species. Human agency over at least ten thousand years has had a great deal to do with shaping the plant conmunities of lowland California. 10:40 BREAK. 11:10 Thomas R. Van Devender, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, 2021 N. Kinney Road, Tucson, AZ 85743. "The History of Vegetation and Climate in the Southwest from Fossil Packrat and Middens." A series of 15-20 continental glaciations in the 1.8 million years of the Pleistocene have resulted in major fluctuations in vegetation and climate in the Southwest. Well-preserved plant macrofossils in radiocarbon dated packrat ( Neotoma spp.) middens from dry rockshelters provide a detailed record of the last glacial/interglacial cycle in the North American deserts. From 22,000-11,000 years ago in the last glacial period, the Wisconsin, a pinyon- juniper-oak woodland covered limestone slopes between 600-1675 m over the entire elevational gradient of the summer rainfall Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico and Texas. After the end of the Wisconsin at 11,000 years ago, oak-juniper woodland, desert-grassland and Chihuahuan desertscrub communities formed in a directional succession in the post-glacial or Holocene from glacial to modern vegetation . - 5 - In the late Wisconsin of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, a pinyon- juniper-oak woodland also grew at 600-1555 m although a xeric juniper woodland was zoned at 305-600 m . A Mohave Desert creosote bush desertscrub existed at the lowest elevations in the Lower Colorado River Valley, an area that has probably been a core desert since the Pliocene. In the biseasonal rainfall portion of the Sonoran Desert, woodland plants lingered into the Holocene until about 9000 years ago with the modern subtropical vegetation and climate forming only 4000 years ago. In winter rainfall dominated areas from the Colorado River into the Mohave Desert, relatively modern desertscrub communities formed as woodland trees retreated to mountain tops about 9000 years ago^ 12:00 LUNCH. 1:30 R. Scott Anderson, Laboratory of Paleoenvironmental Studies, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. "Late-Quaternary Paleoecology of the Central Sierra Nevada, CA." The pollen and plant macrofossil assemblages in sediment cores from small Sierra Nevadan lakes suggest continual vegetation change over the last ca. 12,500 years. Sediment cores analyzed for the present study are primarily from ponds at higher elevations, above ca . 2440 m (8000 ft) elevation. Analysis of additional sites at lower elevations are presently underway but are generally limited to meadow or marsh cores; permanent natural lakes or ponds are generally rare at lower elevation. Sediments from ponds or meadows on both sides of the Sierra Nevada crest have been examined, as well as from a small pond on the crest itself. Radiocarbon dates and the occurrence of volcanic ashes provide time control. - 6 - The Pleistocene - Holocene boundary at Starkweather Pond (west side, elevation 2440 m) shows a shift from Cuppressaceae - Artemisia -dominated to Pinus -dominated pollen spectra. A similar change occurs at Barrett Lake (east side, elevation 2810 m) although somewhat earlier (ca. 12,500 yr BP). Pollen spectra shift again at Starkweather Pond by ca. 6000 yr BP when a Pinus - montane shrub assemblage is replaced by a Pinus - Abies - Tsuga assemblage. At Barrett Lake, the early Holocene Pinus - montane shrub assemblage also is replaced by a Pinus Abies - Tsuga assemblage between 5500-6000 yr BP. Stratigraphy from a small pond near the crest of the Sierra (3018 m, 9900 ft) shows a similar shift to Pinus - Tsuga - Abies at ca. 5000-5500 yr BP. The ecological requirements of these species, along with the increased abundance of fossil remains of aquatic macrophytes after ca. 6000 yr BP suggest that the mid-Holocene changes were related to an increase in effective precipitation. Thus, major changes in the pollen assemblages at all sites are broadly synchronous. The importance of individual pollen types between sites, however, suggests that distinct differences in paleovegetation can be recognized. As an example, during the Holocene, haploxylon Pinus pollen (macrofossils of P_^ f lexilis ) dominates at Barrett Lake, while diploxylon Pinus (macrofossils of P. murrayana ) dominates at Starkweather Pond. Haploxylon and diploxylon pollen occurs in relatively equal proportion in sediments from the pond on the Sierran crest, where P. albicaulis and P^ murrayana needles are found. In this regard, plant macrofossils are indispensible for specific identifications . 20 BREAK. - 7 - 2:50 3:40 Bryant Bannister, Director Emeritus of Laboratory Tree- Ring Research, Laboratory of Tree-ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. "Dendrochonology : An Overview. " Dendrochronology, the study of annual growth rings in trees, is widely practiced today in scores of research centers throughout the world. In this presentation, the history of tree-ring research is briefly traced, the fundamental principles of the method are discussed, and the key process of building tree-ring chronologies with samples from both living trees and archaeological- geological sources is described. Applications of tree- ring data are illustrated with examples drawn from a variety of fields such as archaeology, climatology, ecology, geology, and hydrology. CLOSING REMARKS. * a* ************ ******************************* ANNOUNCEMENTS WILDFLOWER FIELD GUIDE The Santa Monica Mountains Charter of the California Native Plant Society is distributing the FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS. This is an ideal companion volume to our own FLORA OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS. CALIFORNIA. See order blank in this issue of CROSSOSOMA. The wildflower field guide is a nar- rative botanical history of the Santa Monica Mountains and other coastal and chaparral regions of Southern California. It is illus- trated with 200 color plates and 50 drawings. Plant lore includes Indian uses, ancient medicinal practices, recipes and cultivation requirements. You may order a copy by sending $14.95 to CNPS, 6223 Lubao Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91367. NATIVE RFVEG STATION PROJECT Sea and Sage Audubon and the County of Orange are planning a native revegetation project for Irvine Park. Ultimately a total of 19 sites ranging from 100 square feet to 2 acres will be planted. The first planting will take place in October or early November. They are looking for volunteers to help in this worthwhile project. For details call Gus or Frieda Kinoshita (714) 974-1639. - 8 - THE CALIFORNIA CHAPARRAL ; PARADIGMS REEXAMINED The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles is hosting this symposium on November 7 and 8 at the Natural History Museum in Exposition Park. The meeting has been designed to provide a combination of formal papers giving historical viewpoints, con- temporary research findings, and working discussion groups on chaparral ecology. Formal papers will be Friday November 7 and the discussion groups will meet on Saturday morning November 8. The meeting will be held in conjunction with the opening of a new exhibit entitled, THE CHAPARRAL - A STORY OF LIFE FROM FIRE. Participant fee for the two days is $55 ($35 for students). For further information contact Dr. S.C. Keeley at the Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007. RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS The California Native Plant Society is hosting this conference on the conservation and management of native plants. The conference will be held at the Capitol Plaza Holiday Inn in Sacramento. Keynote speakers include well-known persons such as Paul Ehrlich, Daniel Axelrod, and Ray Dasmann. The conference will be held on November 5-8. registration fee is $60. Pre- registration before October 1 is $45. Student registration is $35. For more information contact Jim Nelson, Conference Coordinator, 909 12th. Street, Suite 116, Sacramento, CA 95814. CALENDAR OF EVENTS September 28 . Sunday . L.A. County Arboretum . Take this opportunity to visit one of the finest arboretums in the country. This two-hour tour will be led by Sue Granger of the arboretum staff. Meet at 11:00 AM at the entrance to the arboretum. It is in Arcadia across from the Santa Anita racetrack. From the 210 Freeway take the Baldwin exit south to the arboretum. For details call Dave Bramlett at (714) 855-0222. November 1. Saturday . Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Annual Fall Plant Sale . This well known event specializing in native plant sales will take place in the parking lot of the garden from 8:00 AM - 2:00 PM. To reach the garden, take the Indian Hill exit from the San Bernardino FWY (Interstate 10) north to Foothill Blvd., and then east to College Ave. Take College Ave. north to the garden. For more information call (714) 625-8767. November 15 . Saturday . Paleobotany and Ethnobotany Symposium . The 12th. annual symposium of the Southern California Botanists will be held at the Heritage Room of the Universtiy Center at the University of California, Irvine. Mark your calendar now. - 9 - Two revised floras from the Southern California Botanists A FLORA OF THE SANTA ROSA PLATEAU, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. By Earl W. Latbrop and Robert F. Thorne. 39 pages; paperback; coab binding; $7.00 FLORA OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA. By Peter H. Raven, Henry J. Thompson, and Barry A. Frigge. 179 page#; paperback; anyth sewn binding; $10.50 Price Plea se send : copies of A FLORA OF THE SANTA ROSA PLATEAU 3 $7.00 $ copi«. of FLOEA OF THE SANTA MOHICA MOUNTAINS t $10.50^ ' Total $ $ p r i c ® includes tax, handling, and postage. M.Ee check or .on., order p.J.bl. to: South.ro C.lifornU Bot.aUt. Dept, of Biology Calif. State University Fullerton, CA 92634 - 10 - SOUTHERN LAUFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden IWO Nnrih Collect A»tmir Claremont. CA VI7II The purpose of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Is the study, preservation and conservation of the native plants of California, and the education of the public to the value of the native flora and Its habltat6. It Is a non-profit association formed in 1927. Membership benefits Include Various field trips throughout the state led by competent field botanists and biologists. A yearly plant sale featuring native California species. An annual symposium on various aspects of the California vegetat Ion . The SCB Journal. CROSSOSOMA . Discounts on botanical and natural history books. Due6 are for a calendar year. New members Joining from May through September, please deduct $1.00 from your dues. Those Joining in October through December are credited with the following year's dues. Membership categories are: / / Individual* $ 8.00 / / New Member / / Croup or organization $15.00 / / Renewal *Includes membership for entire family. Date Name _______________ Address . City Zip Code Phone ( ) In addition, I want to give $ to help support SCB. Make check payable to: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS. Mail check and form to: Alan P. Romspert Southern California Botanists Department of Biological Science California State University, Fullerton Fullerton, CA 92634 CROSSOSOMA is published bimonthly (February, April, June, August, October, and December) by Southern California Botanists a non-profit association. -N- SCB COMING EVENTS September 28 November 1 November 15 L.A. County Arboretum Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Fall Plant Sale Annual Symposium, Paleobotany and Ethnobotany W Z i n CO o - cT ci 3 O 1° s f r- 3 cp = . s , £ c, O c I tr m C/1 -r, § z ^ — . &) O * E «» -n CD O 0 3 £ 2 1 > & § 5 1 t/i H if) 10 P a NOV l Q 1988 V w f ks * \ i\ Bu I a;.', ) CAL GARDEN CROSSOSOMA SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 CROSSOSOMA Vol . 12, No. 6 (Ballot Issue) Issue Editors: David Bramlet and Eugene Jones Managing Editor: Allan Schoenherr December, 1986 * THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS - HOW SERIOUS? Robert F. Thorne Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont# California INTRODUCTION The ecological criBis is very serious indeed. The world is still suffering through its worst economic crisis in 50 years due to depletion of our natural resources, exacerbated by economic and agricultural mismanagement. The basic problem is that the world's human population is outgrowing our capacity to feed it. In order to maintain an adequate level of food production (tragically inadequate in Africa and other parts of the tropical world) we are committing biological and agronomic deficit financing, living beyond our means, by converting or deteriora- ting our croplands, overgrazing our grasslands, stripping away our forests, overfishing our waters, neglecting our water tables, and deple- ting irreversibly our biological gene pool through extinction of numer- ous plant and animal species and critical races of economic plants. We are, in short, living off our agronomic and biological capital. EXCESSIVE POPULATION GROWTH When I was a college freshman, I found in Baker Library at Dart- mouth a three-volume work, an "Essay on the Principle of Population" by Thomas Malthus, an English economist. I was fascinated by his thesis that the human population, if unchecked, will increase in a geometrical progression while the means of subsistence will increase only arithmet- ically- His arguments, though not rigorously subjected to statistical analysis, sounded most logical. I did not agree with his economic conclusions that the poor should not be encouraged by economic support. nor his belief that only misery and self-restraint, presumably celibacy, could check excessive growth. Like the Pope, he included contraception under the heading of "vice." We now know, of course, that it is educa- tion and affluence that tends to lower the birth rate not poverty, starvation, nor unrealistic demands for celibacy. Family planning, with general use of contraceptives, and sometimes even with sterilization or abortion, are imperative to save mankind from self-destruction. Malthus would not be surprised today to learn that the world popu- lation, about 1 billion in his time, was 2.5 billion in 1950, had expanded to 4 billion by 1975, is pushing 5 billion now, and is pro- jected to reach 6.3 billion by year 2000. It has also been projected to reach 11 billion in perhaps a century before it finally stabilizes. With the economic growth rate now at about 2% per year, those emergent nations with population growth rates more than 2% must face malnutrition and starvation of their people. The United Nations World Food Council estimates that presently 15 million to 20 million people die from hunger each year. In Africa, the Middle East, and tropical America 34 coun- tries with a comibined population of nearly 400 million are growing in population by 3% or more. At present growth rates the Indian subconti- nent could reach 2.7 billion people, more than the entire world popula- tion in 1950, and Nigeria presently with 84 million could increase to 623 million, more than now live in all Africa. Seventy-nine million humans were added to the world in 1983. A 3% growth rate compounded for 100 years will result in a nineteenfold increase (1% will result in a threefold increase for the same time). This excessive growth can be curtailed. Now 12 European nations have brought births and deaths into equilibrium. Japan, U.S.S.R., and the U.S. have growth rates of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.7% respectively. China by Draconian methods has reduced fertility from 34 to 20 births per 1000 persons and Japan from 34 to 18 in one decade. By uBe of the carrot and the stick China is now pushing the 1-child per family rule. Other nations have had considerable Buccess. It was not helpful to the Third World when our administration recently withdrew its S25 million support for family planning due to the administration's distaste for abortion. The r ight-to-lif ers would seem to prefer starvaton to abortion as a population control. DEGRADATION OF OUR CROPLANDS By A.D. 900 the lowland Mayan civilization is believed to have reached 5 million people, a density similar to that of agriculturally intensive societies today. Their area had been almost wholly deforested by AJ). 250. Apparently the loss of topsoil and decline in productivity of the croplands led within a few decades after 900 to the collapse of the Mayan civilization and drop in population to 1/10 of what it had 2 been. The great Fertile Crescent Mesopotamian civilization likewise collapsed due to agricultural mismanagement, there due to waterlogging and salinization of the irrigated soils. North Africa, the granary of Rome, through overpopulation, overplowing, overgrazing, and erosion with resulting desertification, now must import much of its grain. We can learn from the destruction of these and other great civili- zation. Yet the pressure on world farmers to produce more is causing an increase in erosion with consequent decline in productivity. More than 100 nations now rely on North American grain. The DuBt Bowl taught us in semiarid areas to rotate crops, use fallowing alternating with strip crops as windbreaks, and plant trees for shelter belts. These measures now are largely being scrapped. Another Dust Bowl can be expected when drought coincides with high winds. Sloping lands are being farmed without adequate terracing or contour plowing resulting in rapid loss of topsoil and frequent landslides with consequent severe flooding in lowlands and siltation behind dams. The rotation cycles in shifting cultivation areas (cut-slash-and burn) in the humid tropics have been cut from 20-25 yearB to as little as 5 years with great decline in productivity. It is estimated that the world is now losing 23 billion tons of soil from croplands in excess of new soil formation. The world's topsoil is being depleted at an estimated rate of 7% every decade. We are mining our soil. When the average of 7 inches of topsoil is removed, the infertile subsoil or exposed bedrock usually results in greatly lowered fertility and ultimate abandonment of the land. About 1/3 of D.S. and world cropland is losing topsoil at an excessive rate undermining long-term productivity. AIbo conversion of cropland to other uses as urban 6prawl, village expansion, shopping centers, factories, reservoirs, strip mines, and highway construction each year claims several million acres of prime cropland. Not many years ago Los Angeles County was the leading agricultural county in the U.S. Today it is essentially housed or paved over. Salt is destroying much of our irrigated land. Up to 65% of all irrigated land is expected to be destroyed by salt before A.D. 2000. Pakistan loses 250 acres to salt every day. One tenth of the irrigated 5 million acres in California's Central Valley are already seriously affected by salt (2 million tons of salt added to the valley each year). Excess water leaches the salts deeper into the soil, but the impermeable clay layer under much of the Valley causes the salty leachate to build up to waterlog the root zone in toxic brine unless drainage is provided. Unless the excess drainage water is allowed out of the valley through San Francisco Bay much of the cropland in the Valley is doomed. Kester- son Reservoir already has serious Belenium problems with birth defects and high rates of fetal mortality among resident waterfowl. The Imperial Valley, at least, can dispose of its excess leachate into the manmade Sal ton Sea. 3 OVERGRAZING OF THE GRASSLANDS One third of D-S. grasslands are in poor condition, 1/3 only in fair condition due to overgrazing by livestock and feral animals. Pacific offshore islands like Santa Catalina, San Clemente, Santa Cruz, and Guadalupe have been devastated by feral goats, sheep, and pigs. Inland our desert areas are similarly overgrazed by feral asses and horses. Authorities are not allowed to protect these lands and their indigenous plants and animals because of the pro-feral-animal zealots. Beef output doubled between 1950 and 1976; since then there has been little or no growth at all. Desertification: 1/10 of the land surface of the world is desert or near-desert. Half is climatically unproductive but uBable, and half is being converted to waste land by man and his livestock. The thinly vegetated desert fringes can sustain only nomads and their grazing animals. Plowing and overgrazing have turned these fringes into unpro- ductive desert. One estimate is that the Sahara is moving southward for these reasons about 3 miles a year. It is estimated that in the past 50 years 250,000 square miles of land suitable for agriculture or intensive grazing have been forfeited to the Sahara along the southern edge. The Sahara is also being pulled north toward the Mediterranean by overpopu- lation (sixfold increase since 1900), intense overgrazing, extension of unsustainable grain farming, and firewood gathering. The desert is moving west into Senegal and east into the Sudan as well. Southern Africa, especially Botswana, and vast semiarid grasslands in Kenya and Tanzania are badly damaged by overgrazing. The Atacama Desert of Chile is advancing up to 3 km per year, the Thar Desert of northwestern India has been pulled outward about 1/2 mile per year for 50 years due to deforestation and overgrazing. Desertification is. going on also in the Middle East, China, Australia, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. Los Angeles has desertified the Owens Valley by excessive water drawdown. FELLING OF FORESTS Forests are shrinking each year by 1%, or and area the Bize of Hungary (11.3 million hectares). According to Food and Agriculture Organization 40% of the world's tropical forests have been destroyed in the past 150 years. Most of the rest are expected to be gone by the end of this century. With the elimination of almost all tropical forests in the next 25 years, most natural communities will be totally destroyed, and Peter Raven, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, estimates that hundreds of millions can be expected to starve to death in the tropics in the next 3 decades. In 1950 about 1/4 of the earth's surface was covered by forest. By 1980 it was less them 1/5. The world uses forests for lumber, fuel, and manufacturing, paper, furniture, plywood. 4 fiberboard, and many other products. Forty percent of the world pop- ulation uses wood as its primary fuel, as much as 1-2 tons of firewood per person annually. In those areas stripped of wood, as in much of tropical Asia and Africa, the local people must use cow, yak, or other dung for heating, fertilizer desperately needed for their fields. Eighty million new people need housing each year, and many existing wooden structures must be replaced. In Central America and Brazil the tropical forests are being felled to obtain grazing land to produce lean beef to export for hamburgers for America's fastfood outlets. In other Uiird World countries firewood collection causes most of the deforesta- tion. In SE Asia it is commercial timber harvesting by multinational companies doing clear-felling. In some areas the native rain forests are even being felled to make room for plantations of exotic pines and eucalyptus • Forests protect the watersheds and recharge the underground aqui- fers. With their felling there is rapid runoff which causes rapid soil erosion and often landslides. Downstream floods contribute to sedimen- tation of streams and reservoirs. Dams designed to last 100 years have their reservoirs filled with sediment in 25. Often the dam sites are unique and cannot be replaced elsewhere. Devastating floods in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are due to deforestation in Nepal and other highland areas. Destruction of the rice harvest in 1974 by such a flood starved 1/3 million people in Bangladesh. Acid rain has become a serious problem in much of the northern hemisphere. Some 300 Adirondack lakes in New York and many lakes in Canada are now devoid of fish, and the forests in those areas are showing damage. One third of West German forests are damaged and one- half million hectares of Czech forests are dead or deteriorating. The present administration in the D.S. continues to study the problem but refuses to force the Midwestern and other power plants to scrub their acid smoke. We are making our forests pay a heavy price for our cheap electricity. OVERFISHING OUR WATERS The world's fish catch grew spectacularly between 1950 and 1970, more than tripling to 68 million tons, including the inland fresh water catch and fish-farming. Such fish supplied more meat for humans than did the world cattle herds. Since 1974 the fish catch appears to have leveled off at 50 million tons for food and some 21 million tons for fishmeal for pigs, chickens, and other livestock. Over fishing is the general rule. Catches of herring, for example, have declined about 40% and of halibut more than 90%. Biologists had warned Peru that the sustainable yield for the Peruvian anchovy fishery was 9.5 million tons. Peru chose to ignore the advice and permitted the catch to approach 13 million tons. The fishery promptly collapsed to 3 then 2 million tons, where it has remained into the eighties. Pollution is another threat. Oil spills, discharge of toxic metals, and other pollutants are eroding seafood stocks. Chesapeake Bay, U.S.'s largest estuary and one of the world's richest has had catchs fall off precipitously. Pollution has riddled the Black and Azov Seas turning them almost lifeless. The seas as a limitless resource was a sad myth. DETERIORATION OF OUR WATERS Waterlogging and pollution have already been mentioned. Eighty percent of Black African populations have no clean water available. Water in our Southwest is in great demand. Southern California has raped the Owens Valley and Mono Lake, among other areas. It has lowered the water line disastrously in Mono Lake and has turned the semiarid Owens Valley into a dry desert. Much agricultural land in Arizona has been withdrawn from cultivation because of water demands for Phoenix. Forty-four thousand hectares have been withdrawn from irrigation, but groundwater levels have dropped by 10-20 feet per year. In the southern Great Plains of the U.S. the depletion of the great Ogallala aquifer is threatening irrigated agriculture. It unfornuately is essentially nonrechargeable, so irrigation there will be relatively shrot-lived. A return to dryland farming has already begun in several states. Wells in many areas of the U.S. must be abandoned because of pollution of the local water table from toxic dumps. DEPAUPERIZATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL GENE POOL Another non-renewable resource under serious attack is the biolog- ical gene pool. The rate of extinction of plants and animals has been greatly speeded up by the destruction and alteration of habitats. Some 100 species of vascular plants are considered to have become extinct in the U.S. since the arrival of the white man. About 1200 of some 20,000 current species in the U.S. are threatened, with about 750 of these species in danger of extinction. By A.D. 2000 possibly a million species of plants and animals will have disappeared from the earth permanently. This will indeed be a serious depletion of potentially useful genetic diversity. Most of these' species are resident in the rapidly vanishing tropical forests. Many of them are still unknown to science and will never even have a scientific name. Many races of crop plants are also being replaced in many regions by a few strains of high- yielding patented plants. 6 The diversity of the world's gene pool must be preserved at all costs. We are now able to transfer genes across Bpecies barriers not only by hybridization but also by genetic engineering. One species' ability to resist attack by fungus, virus, or insect pests may even- tually be transferable to another economically important but susceptible species. The recently described perennial wild corn, diploper ennis . is resistant to a number of viruses that attack cultivated annual corn. It is estimated that 95% of the wild varieties of wheat native to Greece have become extinct in the last 40 years. International seed banks have helped, but we must preserve habitats to maintain species diversity in natural ecosystems. At least 10% of the rich, diverse, and ecologically fragile tropcial forests should be preserved in well-guarded natural reserves, carefully selected to represent climatic and altitudinal diversity in each of the continents and tropical countries. So far only 2% are being partly protected. SELECTED REFERENCES Eckholm, E. P. 1976. Losing ground. Environmental stress and world food prospects. W. W. Norton Co., New York. 223 p. Brown, L. R. 1978. The worldwide loss of cropland. Worldwatch Paper 24s 5-48. . 1981. Building a sustainable society. W. W. Norton & Co., New York. 433p. , e t al. 1984. State of the World. 1984. A Worldwatch Institute Report on progress toward a sustainable society. W. W. Norton & Co., New York. 252 p. 1985 edition, 301 p. Massey, M. 1984. The defense of the peaceable kingdom. Friends Bull. May 1984: 131-137. Prance, G. T., and T. S. Elias (Eds.). 1977. Extinction is forever. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 437 p. Schoenherr, A. A. 1985. The population crisis: Too many people, too little food, environmental degradation. In: Parratt, M. W. and M. E. Parratt. A Spaceship Called Earth: Our Living Environment. Kendall-Hunt Publ. Co. Dubuque, Icwa: 303-320. Watson, R., et al. 1984. An African nightmare. Newsweek, Nov. 26: 50- 55. Paper prepared for talk to Claremont University Club, January 15, 1985. 7 AN OVERVIEW OF THE SYMPOSIUM November 15, 1986 was the date of Southern California Botanists 1 2th symposium. We held the symposium in the Heritage Room of the University Center at the University of California, Irvine. The speakers all presented exciting, intellectually stimulating talks on this year's topic ~ Paleoecology and Ethnobotany of the Southwest. Over 100 people attended. In addition to the 50-minute presentations, two of the SCB publications authors, Barry Prigge (Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California) and Bob Thorne (A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, Southern California) were there to sign and sell copies of their works. Other books and clothing were also available for purchase during the break periods between speakers. Displays on the Tecate Cypress and the new Jepson Herbarium California flora project were also available to the participants. As moderator of the symposium, it was a delight to host speakers who were well prepared and conscientious about their time limits. We even had time for lots of questions stimulated by the talks. Our first speaker. Dr. Eugene Anderson, a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Riverside presented many aspects of the use of chaparral species by Southern California Indians. A large portion of his talk was devoted to the world view of these poeple and how it affected their use of the environment. He ended with a plea for a change in the attitude of urban, western to his environment to prevent much of the disappearance of native vegetation. Dr. Anderson's paper can be obtained by contacting him at U. C. R. Our second speaker of the morning was Jan Timbrook, Assistant Curator of Anthropology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Her intriguing title, "Ethnopyromania in Southern California Grasslands," was matched by the careful research into the historic record. She demonstrated how the Chumash Indians in the Santa Barbara area frequently fired portions of the grasslands to improve seed and bulb harvest from grasses and wildflowers the following season. In order to protect grass for introduced livestock at the missions the Spanish government passed laws to stop it. The result was an expansion of coastal sage and chaparral into grasslands so 8 that the vegetation today is much different than that of several hundred years ago. Dr. Thomas VanDevender, currently of the Arizona -Sonora Desert Museum, presented his paper on the results of study of many packrat middens in the Southwest. He discussed sites and ecosystem response to changing climates of the Pleistocene from Texas to California with emphasis on the Chihuahuan Desert. Obviously, this talk could have been expanded into an entire semester course in college. After a delightful, multicourse Chines lunch, we returned to the first of the afternoon speakers, Scott Anderson. He is a doctoral candidate at the Laboratory of Pa leo environmental Studies in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona, Tucson. After that big lunch, he kept us alert with his interpretations of the analyses of numerous sediment cores from the eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. His research showed changes in the pollen and macrofossil assemblages particularly around 6000 B.P. He also acquainted the audience with the difficulties of using this technique. Our final speaker was obviously a master of presenting tree ring analysis and its utility to many "ologies" needing temporal and spatial context. Dr. Bryant Bannister is the Director Emeritus of Laboratory Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona, Tucson. After his talk I wanted to go bore a few trees and start counting rings . It was obvious from the numbers of members of the audience clustered around the speakers after each of the talks that this was one of Southern California Botanists best symposia ever. I would like to thank the Board and Officers who contributed their time as well as our publicity chairperson, Kathleen Pahl, and the Crossosoma Editor, Allan Schoenherr, for their efforts to make this symposium the great success it was. Also, I would like to thank Peter Bowler, Director of the Cooperative Outdoor Program in the Student Activities Office at U. C. I. for cosponsorship and use of the facilities. Mona Myatt President, SCB 9 WHO WAS THERE? A varied crowd attended SCB's successful 12th annual symposium on Paleoecology and Ethnobotany of the Southwest (See President's letter) . Results of a questionaire from 55 of the symposium attendees indicated that the majority of participants were SCB members (41) and they heard about the symposium in CROSSOSOMA. Other people from the symposium heard about the event from announcements at Junior Colleges, Universities, State Colleges, a private college, from CNPS , the L. A. County Arboretum and Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and from friends. Respondents also indicated that they would be interested in other topics for future symposia, including fire ecology, endemism, rare and endangered plant communities in Southern California, Southern California alpine flora, flora of Baja California, history of botanical exploration in Southern California, use of natives in drought tolerant landscaping, rye grass reseeding research, biological monitoring of plant populations and paleoclimate of the Great Basin. If your interests are not included, why not let the Board know for future symposia? Kathleen Pahl, Publicity ANNOUNCEMENTS C ritical habitat for riparian vegetation and the least Bell's vireo. Riparian vegetation is one of California's most threatened communities. Seventy-five percent of the entire U. S. population of the endangered least Bell's vireo nest in these areas of southern California. Of particular concern locally is the raising of Prado Dam on the Santa Ana River. Raising of the dam is supposed to be for flood control, but it has been proposed to use it also for water storage. If this were to occur, the least Bell's vireo habitat would be flooded and much of the riparian vegetation would be damaged. Present regulations do not prohibit destruction of the least Bell's vireo critical habitat while the species is absent from the region during winter. The bird's critical habitat needs year round protection. It is essential that federal regulations include year around critical habitat protection if the species is to continue m this region. ( Critical habitat must be listed under the Endangered Species Act} The Regional Director, U. S. F. W. S. may recommend to the Director that least Bell's vireo critical habita t be listed under the Endangered Species Act. The Director has discretionary authority to list critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act. Your letters on this vital issue must be in the Regional Director's Office before the comment period ends on December 31, 1986. Mention preservation of willow riparian habitat . Send your letters to: Mr. Rolfe Wallenstrom, Regional Director U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N. E. Multnomah St., Suite 1692 Portland, Oregon 97232 A U.S.F.W.S. decision on this matter may affect other endangered species critical habitats in the future. Write today. Information provided by Gordon Ruser 1221 South Sycamore Street Santa Ana, CA 92707 Telephone (714) 541-0944 Second Native Plant Revegetation Symposium. April 15-18, Hanalei Hotel, San Diego. Riparian Systems will be featured in a special section of the Second Native Plant Revegetation Symposium, co-sponsored by the Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society (WS) , the San Diego Chapter of CNPS , and the Riparian Revegetation Work Study Group ( RRWSG) . The goal is to exchange information on current research, and new or refined techniques and projects using native plants in revegetation and landscaping. There will also be a poster and commercial exhibit. For more information, write to: Native Plant Revegetation Symposium, 3808 Rosecrans St., #373, San Diego, CA 92110; or call John Rieger (WS), (619) 237-6754; Bobbie Steele (CNPS), (619) 175-3732; or Anne Sands (RRWSG) ,( 415) 381-2629 . Natural History Foundation of Orange County. The NHFOC offers a variety of lectures and tours in conjunction with Amigos de Bolsa Chica and Friends of Newport Bay. On Tuesday, December 2, they are sponsoring a lecture by Jean Auel, best selling author of CLAN OF THE CAVE BEAR, VALLEY OF THE HORSES, and THE MAMMOTH HUNTERS. Tickets may be purchased through the Museum at $5.00 for members and $6.00 for non-members. For details call (714) 640-7120. 11 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County . The LACMNH offers a variety of lectures, field trips, and courses. Comin up are lectures on Asian Indians and the Challenge of Flight. Future courses include California History and Botanical Photography. A scheduled field trip in March on the research vessel Vantura will view pelagic birds and mammals of southern California. For details call (213) 744-3342. Santa Rosa Plateau Reserve. General tours and bird-watching on the Santa Rosa Plateau are scheduled regularly by the reserve. For details call Nancy Backstrand (714) 677-5428 or Howard Deutscher (714) 676-2033. For a summary of the flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, the Southern California Botanists offer a publication by that name. See the ad in this issue. Morro Canyon. The Crystal Cove Interpretive Association offers a variety of nature walks. Of special interest is Morro Canyon in Crystal Cove State Park. This is an area of beautiful oak woodland and coastal sage scrub. For details and schedules call Janet Bales (714) 494-3539. CALENDAR OF EVENTS January 17 ( Saturday ) . 9:00 a.m. Torrey Pines State Reserve . Dave Bramlet will lead this trip to examine rare Torrey Pines and unique coastal sage scrub, that includes Mojave yucca. Mission manzanita, jojoba, and San Diego Cenaothus. Take 1-5 south of Del Mar to Carmel Valley Road and go west (toward the coast) . Turn left on Camino Del Mar. Just beyond Penasquito Lagoon turn right into the reserve. Meet at the visitor center parking lot. Please note that no food is allowed in the park. For details call Dave Bramlet (714) 549-0647. January 25 ( Sunday ) . 10:30 a.m . Interesting ornamental trees . Walt Wright will lead this trip in the Tustin area in order to view various species of ornamental trees. Meet in the parking lot of Foothill High School. Take the Newport Freeway (55) south to 17th Street. Go east on 17th Street to Newport Blvd. and turn left. Take Newport Blvd. north to the high school at the intersection with Foothill Blvd. Bring lunch. Contact Walt Wright for details (714) 529-4134. 12 January 31 ( Saturday ) . Myco logical Forays . The Los Angeles Myco logical Society in conjunction with their Myco logical Faire (see below) is hosting several field trips in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Two mushroom collecting trips are planned for Orange County : 1. Rancho Mission Viejo. Follow Ortega Highway east about 5 miles from 1-5. Meet at the yellow gate on Cristianitas Road. This road intersects Ortega Highway on the south before you reach Casper's Park. 2. Blue Jay Campground. Take Ortega Highway east from 1-5. Meet at the first turnoff to the Blue Jay Campground. For more details, including meeting times, call (213) 292-1900. February 1 ( Sunday ) . Myco logical Faire . The Mycological Society (see above) with host identification classes, cooking demonstrations, and lectures about edible and poisonous mushrooms. Meetings will be held at the Orange County Natural History Center, 2627 Vista Del Oro, Newport Beach. For details, including times, call Dave Bramlet (714) 549-0647. February 7 , 8 ( Saturday-Sunday ) . Vandenberg Air Force Base . The Los Angeles Mycological Society will host this trip to collect mushrooms. For reservations and further information call Steven Pineal (818) 281-3489 or Walt Wright (714) 529-4134. February 22 ( Sunday ) . Rare Plants of the Salton Basin . 8:00 a .m. John Stewart of the Living Desert Reserve will lead this Riverside CNPS field trip. The trip will search for Pi taxis adenophora , D. californicum , Machaeranthera capoda , M. orcuttii and Pilostyles thurberi . Take I-10E past Palm Springs to the Ramona/Bob Hope Dr. exit; take Bob Hope Drive south to Palm Desert Hwy. 111. Go 2-3 miles to Portola Ave. and turn right on Portola. Go about 1-1/2 miles to the Living Desert Reserve. We will meet in the parking lot. Call Andy Sanders (714) 787-3601 for details. February 28 ( Saturday ) . 9:30 a.m . Rancho Mission Viejo. Walt Wright will lead this mycological foray to search for mushrooms in oak woodland, native grassland, and coastal sage scrub. Take Ortega Highway east from 1-5 for about 5 miles to Cristianitos Road. Meet at the yellow gate. For details call Walt Wright (714) 529-4134. 13 March 8 ( Sunday ) . 9:00 a.m. San Joaquin Hills. Fred Roberts of U. C. I. will lead this trip to examine unusual coastal sage scrub near Laguna Beach. Plants to look for include crown-beard, Verbesina dissita; adder ' s-tongue fern, Ophioglossum californicum ; shooting star, Dodecatheon clevelandii , and other interesting early- blooming species. Take Pacific Coast Highway south through Laguna Beach. Meet at parking lot on inland side of the highway across from the Treasure Island Trailer Park. For more details call Dave Bramlet (714) 549-0647. March 14, 15 ( Saturday-Sunday ) . 9:00 a.m. Northern Baja California . Bob Thorne will lead this trip either to Rodriquez Dam in the hills near Tijuana or to Punta Banda. The actual destination will depend on what is blooming and the weather. Meet in Tecate (USA) at the shopping center parking lot just before the Mexican border. Bring camping gear, water, Mexican money (pesos) , and Mexican auto insurance. For correct itinerary send SASE to Dave Bramlet, 1691 Mesa Dr., A-2, Santa Ana, CA 92707 or call him at (714) 549-0647. March 21, 22 ( Saturday-Sunday ) . 10:00 a.m . Joshua Tree National Monument. Andy Sanders will lead this trip in conjunction with Native Plant Society chapters in Riverside and Palos Verdes. Meet at the Cottonwood Visitor Center near the south entrance to the park. A deposit of $5.00 for the group campground is required by January 5, 1987. Please send it to Lou Haas, 6385 Swartmore, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272. For more details call Dave Bramlet (714) 549-0647. Future Field Trips . In upcoming issues of Crossosoma look for details on the following: April 4. - Gavilan Hills April 11 - Pines to Palms Highway April 24, 25, 26 - Desert Studies Center at Soda Springs ( Zzyzx) b May 2 - Chiquito Basin May 10 - Pine Canyon near Silverado May 23, 25 - Clark Mountains. 14 Two revised floras from the Southern California Botanists A FLORA OF THE SANTA ROSA PLATEAU, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. By Earl V. Lathrop and Robert F. Thorne. 39 pages; paperback; coab binding; FLORA OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA. By Peter H. Raven, Henry J. Thoapson, and Barry A. Prigge 179 pagea; paperback; aavth aevn binding; $10.50 Please lend : Price copies of A FLORA OF THE SANTA ROSA PLATEAU f $7.00 copies of FLORA OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS t $10.50 Return to: So. Calif Botanists Dept, of Biology Calif. State University Fullerton, CA 92634 Total Price includes tax, handling and oostage. Make check or aoney order payable to: Southern California Botanists 15 January 17 January 25 January 31 February 1 February 7, 8 February 22 February 28 March 8 March 14, 15 March 21, 22 SCB COM ING EVENTS ( Details within ) Torrey Pines State Reserve Tustin ornamental trees Mycological Forays Mycological Faire Vandenberg Air Force Base Rare plants of the Salton Basin Rancho Mission Viejo San Joaquin Hills Northern Baja California Joshua Tree National Monument o — ST if O 2 3 C n CD = . Ct . CC ^ CD H > X £ CL, O 2 c £ i 3 Z |E -n 05 O 0 JJ £ z 1 > CD I? y a g 5 1 05 H in Z ID D 5 < o 5 < w u cr & n & CD SU — r a ID CO rs LJ " • DEC 2 2 1988 * V ' » botanical r— \ A **“■ ..y** ' JirtT. C,’ v-l