Crossosoma Journal of the Southern California Botanists, Inc. Volume 27, Number 1 Spring-Summer 2001 CONTENTS An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Whittier Hills, Los Angeles County, California — Julie A. Schneider Ljubenkov and Timothy S. Ross . 1 — 3 Competition between Erodium macrophyllum [Geraniaceae] and exotic and native species in a southern California annual grassland — Ian G. Gillespie . 24 - " Southern California Botanists, Inc. Source and Use of Funds — 2001 . 28 CROSSOSOMA (ISSN 0891-9100) is published twice a year (normally about May and November) by Southern California Botanists, Inc., a California nonprofit corporation. Subscription rate to domestic libraries and institutions is $25.00 per calendar year, or $30.00 for foreign institutions (for individual membership, see inside back cover). Back issues (Vols. 18-present) are available for $5.00 an issue or $10.00 a volume, postpaid. Prior to Volume 18, CROSSOSOMA was published six times a year; these back issues are $1.00 each, or $6.00 per volume, postpaid. SCB BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 2001 President . Steve Boyd (2001) First Vice President . Scott White (2001) Second Vice President . Robert Thome (2001) Secretary . Susan Hobbs (2001-2002) Treasurer . Alan P. Romspert (2001-2002) Directors-at-large . Ileene Anderson (2001-2002) . Terry Daubert (2001-2002) . Chris Barnhill (2001-2002) . James Harrison (2001-2002) . William Jones (2001-2002) . Sandy Leatherman (2000-2001) . Steve Leonelli (2000-2001) . Susan Schenk (2001-2002) . Allan A. Schoenherr (2000-2001) Ex officio Board Members . Scott White (Immediate Past President, 2000) . William Jones (Editor of Leaflets) . Carl Wishner (Editor of CROSSOSOMA ) Applications for membership, or requests for subscriptions or back issues should be sent to: Alan Romspert, Treasurer, Southern California Botanists, Department of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, U.S.A. Notices of a time dated nature (fieldtrips, workshops, symposia, etc.) to be included in the newsletter Leaflets should be submitted to Steve Boyd, Editor of Leaflets , c/o Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 91711, U.S.A. Articles, book reviews, or other items for submission to CROSSOSOMA should be sent to Carl Wishner, Editor of CROSSOSOMA , at 5169 Dumont Place, Woodland Hills, California, 91364-2309, U.S.A. Views published in CROSSOSOMA are those of the contributing author(s) and are not necessarily those of the editors, the membership of Southern California Botanists Inc., or the SCB Board of Directors, unless explicitly stated. Copyright © 2001 by Southern California Botanists, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to reproduce items in CROSSOSOMA, in whole or in part, should be requested from the current Editor. http://socalbot.org CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 1 An annotated checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Whittier Hills, LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Julie A. Schneider Uubenkov Dancing Coyote Ranch, P.O. Box 781 Pauma Valley, California 92061 isliub@pacbell.net and ischneider@palomar.edu — and — TIMOTHY S. ROSS Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N. College Avenue Claremont, California 917 1 1 (current address: 6829 Prairie Ridge Drive Olympia, Washington 98516) ABSTRACT: The current annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Whittier Hills was compiled from various sources: specimens and written materials available within the Rio Hondo College Biology Department, field observations, additional specimens collected in the northern Puente Hills as herbarium vouchers, and a manuscript for a field guide of the plants of the Whittier Hills. The study area includes about 3,500 acres in the northern Puente Hills in Los Angeles County, in southern California. The Puente Hills are almost completely surrounded by urban sprawl, except for Chino Hills State Park to the southeast, and Whittier Narrows to the northwest. Each park provides a link in the tenuous wildlife corridor between the San Gabriel River in Los Angeles County and the Santa Ana River in Orange County. Historically, the Whittier Hills were utilized for oil extraction and cattle grazing. Today, a portion of the study area has been acquired for preservation, while adjoining lands are still being sought to maintain a contiguous wildlife corridor. The study area consists of five plant communities: Disturbed Grassland, Coastal Sage Scrub, Mixed Chaparral, Southern Oak Woodland, and Riparian Woodland. The checklist is provided in both the traditional text format presented here, and is available as a computer spreadsheet and database. The spreadsheet provides the option to add or to sort the information in the list in the following fields: family name, scientific name, common name, flower color, blooming period, voucher number, plant form, and whether the plant is native or exotic. There are 281 plants listed. KEY WORDS: Puente Hills, Whittier Hills, Los Angeles County, California, Plants, Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral, Southern Oak Woodland, Disturbed Grassland, Wildlife Corridor. INTRODUCTION The annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Whittier Hills is provided in traditional text format, and is also available as a computer spreadsheet and database. The following information is 2 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] presented for each of the 283 plants listed: family name, scientific name, common name, flower color, blooming period, voucher specimen number, plant form, notes, and whether the plant is native or exotic. The electronic spreadsheet data base provides the options to search, to sort, or to add to the list. In addition to the checklist, we discuss the following topics about the study area: location, physical description, past and present land uses, plant communities, floristics, and methods used in the study. Information is also provided which will help to fully understand the plant listings in both the text checklist, and in the computerized checklist. LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA The Whittier Hills are a part of the northern Puente Hills. Located in eastern Los Angeles County, the Whittier Hills are on the coastal plain, approximately sixteen miles north of the Pacific Ocean, and twelve miles east of Los Angeles. The San Gabriel Valley lies to the north. The Puente Hills arise just east of Whittier Narrows, where the Rio Hondo River and the San Gabriel River flow close together. From there, the hills trend in a southeasterly direction for about 20 miles to Chino Hills State Park. The hills provide a wildlife corridor from the San Gabriel River, to the Santa Ana River and the Santa Ana Mountains in Orange and Riverside counties. The portion of the Whittier Hills surveyed consists of about 3,500 acres roughly bounded by the City of Whittier on the west and the south, the City of Industry to the north, and Hacienda Heights to the east. Our survey area was specifically confined on the northwest by Workman Mill Road, the developed parts of Rose Hills Memorial Park, and the Puente Hills Landfill. Colima Road was our southeastern boundary. The City of Whittier's residential neighborhoods comprised our southwestern boundary. Lands surveyed included the Rio Hondo College Wildlife Sanctuary, Heilman Park, the Skyline Trail, and other large parcels that are privately owned. The study area, confined by a thick dotted line, is shown on the map in Figure 1. Access points in Whittier included Sycamore Canyon Road, Turnbull Canyon Road, Skyline Drive, Hadley Street, Worsham Drive, Canyon Drive, Bacon Road, and Colima Road. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA The Whittier Hills consist of many canyons and ridges with moderate to steep slopes. Elevations range from 300 to 1,388 feet. Most canyons have seasonal streams and seeps. There are two perennial springs. The geologic structure of the hills is primarily controlled by the northwest trending Whittier fault zone that runs the length of the hills. The area is underlain by marine sedimentary rocks of the middle Miocene Puente Formation and by the Pliocene Age Fernando Formation. These formations consists of shale, siltstone, sandstone, pebble conglomerate, and pebbly sandstone. While these formations are exposed in many areas, soil from 2 to 3 feet thick occurs on most slopes. In drainage areas soils tends to be from 4 to 6 feet thick and at times up to 15 feet thick. The soils are made up of decomposing bedrock materials (Yerkes 1972). The climate in the Whittier Hills is Mediterranean, with rain occurring mostly in winter and early spring, followed by drought during summer and fall. The average rainfall is fifteen inches per year. Under the influence of the Pacific Ocean approximately 85 percent of the time, temperatures are mild, and rarely get below freezing. The prevailing wind is from the west. Influenced by interior air masses only 15 percent of the time, the area sometime experiences hot, dry Santa Ana winds (Jaeger and Smith 1966). The Whittier Hills are located in the Los Angeles, South Coast Air Basin. The quality of air in the basin is adversely affected by effluent discharges from both industry and motor vehicles (King 1979). CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 3 4 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] LAND USES PAST AND PRESENT While the Whittier Hills have been encroached by urban sprawl on almost all sides, their steepness, inaccessibility, and unstable nature (being prone to landslides and mud slides) have helped them to remain relatively undisturbed. Two major industries in the hills, petroleum extraction and cattle grazing, have also given the hills protection from being completely enveloped by urban development. Oil was extracted from the Whittier Hills beginning in 1896 (Yerkes 1972). Chevron, Unocal and other oil companies maintained oil fields that covered about 1/4 of our study area. Oil extraction was just recently curtailed in the hills, and these lands have been purchased as part of a wilderness preserve. Cattle grazing has also taken place in the hills over many years on the Rose Hills Memorial Foundation property, the Los Angeles County Sanitation District property, and other parcels. These areas comprise the other 3/4 of our study area. The hills also have two operational garbage dumps: the Savage Canyon Landfill and the Ptiente Hills Landfill. Today, the remaining wildlands of the Whittier Hills have either been included in the Puente/Whittier Hills Wilderness Preserve (PWHWP), or they are currently being sought for preservation. The current preserve and other parks in the hills have been accomplished by many years of hard work started by the Friends of the Whittier Hills Association. The Whittier City Council, other citizen’s grass roots organizations, individuals, and other governmental entities have also been instrumental in land acquisition and preservation. The PWHWP is currently managed by the Mountain Recreation and Conservation Authority, which operates under the direction of the City of Whittier and the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy. Restoration efforts include revegetation with native species, and the removal of non-native species and old asphalt roads. The PWHWP also sponsors science-based educational programs for local school children. PLANT COMMUNITIES Five plant communities are found within the study area. These include Disturbed Grassland, Southern Oak Woodland, Coastal Sage Scrub, Mixed Chaparral, and Riparian Woodland. There are also stands of non-native Eucalyptus. Disturbed Grasslands are mainly found on flat or mildly sloping areas where a maximum of sunlight occurs. Members of this community are mostly non-native annual grasses and exotic “weedy” species in genera including Brassica, Hirschfeldia, Cirsium, Rhaphanus, and Bromus. These grasslands were created by disturbances such as farming, grazing, and bulldozing for fuel breaks. Southern Oak Woodlands occur on north facing slopes and just above riparian areas in canyon bottoms. The two dominant species are Quercus agrifolia and Toxicodendron diversilobum. Other understory plants include native and non-native grasses. The Whittier Hills have a type of Coastal Sage Scrub that consists mostly of Salvia mellifera, and Artemisia calif o mica, along with Salvia apiana, Salvia leucophylla, Opuntia littoralis, Eriogonum fasciculatum , and Encelia calif omica. Plants in this community tend to be malacophyllous subshrubs, whose leaves drop in response to drought, and are replaced by fewer, smaller, and sometimes lighter color leaves. The height of this community overall tends to be less than one meter. Coastal Sage Scrub habitats are considered imperiled and endangered (O'Leary 1989). The rare, CNPS-listed Dudleya multicaulis is reported to occur in this habitat (King 1979). Mixed Chaparral is a kind of Chaparral community with mostly sclerophyllous shrubs 2 to 3 meters in height. It is found on steep north-facing and east-facing slopes. Indicator species include Malosma laurina, Sambucus mexicana , Heteromeles arbutifolia, and Rhus integrifolia. Many of CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 5 the shrubs found in Coastal Sage Scrub also occur in Mixed Chaparral, but they occur in lesser densities. Less common chaparral plants include Rhamnus ilicifolia and Cercocarpus betuloides. Riparian Woodland can be found in the lower elevations of all the major canyons including Sycamore Canyon, Dark Canyon, Turnbull Canyon, Worsham Canyon, Arroyo Pescadero, Arroyo San Miguel, Oak Canyon, and Verde Creek Canyon. Species of the Riparian Woodland include Platanus racemosa, Salix spp., Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa, and Baccharis salicifolia. Riparian Woodlands in southern California are considered endangered (Bowler 1989). METHODS The checklist was compiled from various sources: written materials and specimens available within the Rio Hondo Community College Biology Department, field observations, and additional specimens collected in the northern Puente Hills as herbarium vouchers. Much of the information contained in the checklist evolved from earlier work done for a field guide of Whittier Hills Plants. Field work for the guide was done between 1986 and 1990. Specimens collected are in the Rio Hondo College Biology Department herbarium. The field guide was never published, however, the manuscript is currently on file in the Whittier Hills Archives at the Whittier Public Library. Slides (35mm) of the most common plants observed in the Hills are on file with the primary author. It is hoped that the field guide will someday be completed and published for use by local residents. Voucher specimens were collected between 1990 and 1992, and these are deposited at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden herbarium, in Claremont, California. During this time, additional plants were added to the list. FL ORIS TICS A total of 283 plant taxa were observed growing in the northern Puente Hills study area between 1986 and 1992. Out of the 281 species, 16 were trees, along with 48 shrubs, 68 herbaceous perennials, 1 14 herbaceous annuals, 31 grasses, and 4 ferns and fem allies (Table 1). The largest family was the Asteraceae, with 58 species in 43 genera. Poaceae was the second most numerous, with 30 species in 19 genera. Fabaceae had 23 species in 12 genera. Others include Brassicaceae with (13/7) and Hydrophyllaceae, with (11/3). All annuals, including native and non-native grasses, along with all herbaceous species, comprise 49 percent of the total flora. This is similar to that of the Gavilan Hills in western Riverside County (Boyd 1983), and to Sycamore Canyon in Riverside (Temple 2000), which reports 50 percent annual species. The percentage of native annuals in the study area is 23 percent. This is lower than comparable areas such as Santa Catalina Island (Thome 1967) and Sycamore Canyon, with a reported 42 percent native annuals (Temple 2000). Non-native species comprised 36 percent of the total species of the Whittier Hills. This is higher than in comparable areas in southern California. Sycamore Canyon, with a total of 285 plants had 29 percent non-natives (Temple 2000), while the Gavilan Hills reported 18 percent non-natives (Boyd 1983). 6 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Table 1. Summary statistics for the plants of the Whittier Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Form Native Introduced total species % of total Trees 6 10 16 6% Shrubs 41 7 48 17% Perennial Herbs 56 12 68 24% Annual Herbs 63 52 114 41% Perennial Grasses 5 4 9 3% Annual Grasses 2 19 22 8% Pteridophytes 4 0 4 1% ’ Total" 177 104 281 100% ANNOTATED CHECKLIST The checklist includes all vascular plants observed by the authors in the Whittier Hills during surveys from 1987 to 1992. Voucher specimens were collected for most, but not for all plant species observed in the hills. Voucher specimens are deposited at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium in Claremont, California. In the text list presented here, most entries are self- explanatory, although, reading the following descriptions of the column headings, or fields, for the electronic spreadsheet will provide additional information that will be useful in fully understanding each plant entry. EXPLANATION OF COLUMN HEADINGS IN THE SPREAD SHEET Plants are listed alphabetically under the following column headings: FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES, AUTHOR, and VARIETY. Other informational categories are: author of the variety,, common name, voucher specimen number, flower color, plant form, notes, beginning and ending months of each plant’s blooming period, and whether the plant is native or exotic. NATIVE OR EXOTIC? Under the heading X, plants are given an "x" if they are exotic. In the text list, plant names begin with an asterisk if they are non-native. PLANT FORM: Under the heading PF plants were classified according to their forms: Trees = T, Shrubs = S, Perennial Herbs = PH, Annual Herbs = AH, Perennial Grasses = PG, Annual Grasses = AG, and Pteridophytes = Pt. The text list does not have these designations, although, Table 1 shows the numbers of plants in each category. COMMON NAME: The purpose of providing common names is to make the list user-friendly for those who are not professional botanists. Common names can also be helpful in understanding ethnobotanical uses. The common names listed are consistent with those in A Flora of Southern California by Philip A. Munz (1974), except in some cases where names used locally supersede Munz. VOUCHER SPECIMEN NUMBER: Under the heading, VOUCH, 4-digit voucher specimen numbers are listed. An asterisk indicates there is more than one voucher, which can be found in the NOTES column. Timothy Ross deposited all voucher specimens, except one, at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden in Claremont, California. FLOWER COLOR: Flower colors are listed in a number of ways. Hyphenated colors such as "red-orange" indicate red is the dominant color, yet it leans toward orange. A color listed as "rose to purple" means the flower can be a rosy hue or purple, and can be any transitional color between rose and purple. A flower color designated as "yellow and brown" indicates a flower may be distinctly both yellow and brown. For example, Encelia calif omica has yellow ray florets and brown disk florets. In the case of Layia platyglossa, the petals are both yellow and CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 7 white. A flower color listed as "white with black" means the dominant color is white, and black is present in smaller amounts in the form of spots, veins, or other markings. BLOOMING PERIODS: The numbers 1 through 12 represents the months. The beginning month of each plant's blooming period is under the column BEG. The last month the plant blooms is listed under END. A few plants are listed as "variable". If the plant blooms most months of the year the designation "most" is listed in both columns. NOTES: In the NOTES column is important information that could not be concisely listed under other columns: additional voucher specimen numbers, synonyms, and abbreviated field notes. For example, "TR 1991/92" indicates Timothy Ross observed the plant in the Hills in 1991 or 1992. In some cases, a plant's location will be given. AVAILABILITY OF THE CHECKLIST IN SPREAD SHEET OR DATA BASE FORMAT The checklist is available through e-mail or on 3 1/2-inch floppy disk for a small fee to defray the cost of materials and postage. The most current copy is now in Microsoft Excel. Please contact the primary author for more information. It is hoped additional information can be added to the spreadsheet over-time to make it more comprehensive. ANNOTATED CHECK-LIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE WHITTIER HILLS FERNS AND ALLIES Polypodiaceae — Polypody Family Polypodium califomicum Kaulfuss — California Polypody. (Ross 4191, 4300). Pteridaceae — Brake Family Pellaea andromedifolia (Kaulfuss) Fee var. andromedifolia — Coffee Fem. (Ross 4297). Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievytch, Windham & E. Wollenweber ssp. triangularis = Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Maxon var. triangularis — Goldenback Fem. (Ross 4296). Selaginellaceae — Spike-Moss Family Selaginella bigelovii L. Underwood — Bigelow’s Spike-Moss. (Ross 4293). ANGIOSPERMS — Dicotyledones Amaranthaceae — Amaranth Family Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson — Prostrate Pigweed. Blooms from May to November. (Ross 6563) . *Amaranthus albus L. — Tumbleweed. Flowers: green. Blooms from May to October. (Ross 6564) . Anacardiaceae — Sumac Family Malosma laurina (Nuttall) Abrams = Rhus laurina Nuttall in Torrey & A. Gray — Laurel Sumac. Flowers: white. Blooms June to July. (Ross 4085). 8 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Rhus integrifolia (Nuttall) Bentham & Hooker — Lemonade Berry. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4183, 4309). Rhus trilobata Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray var. pilosissima Engelmann in DC. — Skunkbrush, Basket Bush. Flowers: yellow and red. (Ross 4112). *Schinus molle L. — Peruvian Pepper Tree. Flowers: white. (Ross 41 14, 4548). Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene — Poison Oak. Flowers: white. Blooms from April to May. (Ross 4097). Apiaceae — Carrot Family *Apium graveolens L. — Celery. Flowers: white. Blooms from May to July. *Conium maculatum L. — Poison Hemlock. Flowers: white. Blooms from April to September. (Ross 6559). *Foeniculum vulgare P. Miller — Sweet Fennel. Rowers: yellow. Blooms from May to September. (Ross 4113). Sanicula bipinnatifida Douglas ex Hooker — Purple Sanicle. Flowers: red-violet to yellow. Bloomsfrom March to May. (F.W. Peirson 812, April 28, 1918). *Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertner — Hedge -parsley. Flowers: white. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 6567). Asclepiadaceae — Milkweed Family Asclepias eriocarpa Bentham — Kotolo, Indian Milkweed. Rowers: cream to pale rose. Blooms from June to August. (W. Wisura 4519; Ross, July 21,1991). Asclepias fascicularis Decaisne in A. DC. — Narrow-Leaf Milkweed. Rowers: white and peach. Blooms from May to September. (Ross 6584). Asclepias califomica E. Greene — California or Round-Hooded Milkweed. Rowers: burgundy. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 1991/92). Asteraceae — Sunflower Family Achillea millefolium L. — White Yarrow or Milfoil. Rowers: white. Blooms from May to June. (Ross, 1991/92). Achyrachaena mollis Schauer — Blow-Wives. Rowers: yellow to red. Blooms from April to May. (F. W. Peirson, April 28, 1918). Acourtia microcephala DC. = Perezia microcephala (DC.) A. Gray — Sacapellote. Rowers: rose to white and white. Blooms from June to August. (Ross 1991/92). (Schneider 1987, specimen at Rio Hondo College Herbarium, Whittier). Ambrosia confertiflora DC. — Crowded-Flower Burweed. Blooms from May to November. (Ross 4179). Ambrosia psilostachya DC. var. califomica (Rydberg) Blake — Western Ragweed. Blooms from July to November. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Bentham ex Clarke — Pearly Everlasting. Rowers: white. Blooms from June to August. Artemisia califomica Lessing — California or Coastal Sagebrush. Rowers: white-green. Blooms from October toFebruary. (Ross 4093). Artemisia douglasiana Besser in Hooker — Mugwort. Flowers: white-green. Blooms from June to October. (Ross 4197). Artemisia dracunculus L. — Tarragon. Blooms from August to October. (Ross, 1991/92). CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 9 Baccharis cf. tmoryi A. Gray — Emory Baccharis. Flowers: cream. Blooms from August to December. (Ross 4166). Baccharis douglasii DC. — Douglas’ or Marsh Baccharis. Flowers: cream. Blooms from July to September. (Ross 4307). Baccharis pilularis DC. ssp. consanguinea (DC.) C.B. Wolf — Coyote Brush, Broom Baccharis. Flowers: cream. Blooms from August to December. (Ross 4083). Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Persoon = Baccharis glutinosa Persoon; B. viminea DC. — Mulefat, Seep-Willow. Flowers: cream. Blooms most months. (Ross 4088). Brickellia califomica (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray — Brickellbush. Flowers: white to cream. Blooms fromAugust to November. (Ross 1991/92). *Carduus pycnocephalus L. — Italian Thistle. Flowers: rose to purple. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 6554). *Centaurea melitensis L. — Tocalote. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to June. (Ross 6556). *Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydberg = Matricaria matricarioides (Lessing) Porter — Pineapple Weed. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to August. (Ross 4520). *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore — Bull Thistle. Flowers: purple. Blooms from June to September. (Ross 4564) *Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist — Buenos Aires Horseweed. Flowers: white. Blooms from June to August. (Ross 1991/92). *Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist — Horseweed. Flowers: white. Blooms from June to September. (Ross 6568). Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hooker & Amott) Nuttall \ar. filaginifolia' = Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hooker & Amott) Nuttall var. virgata (Bentham) A. Gray — California- Aster. Flowers: purple. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 1991/92). *CotuIa australis (Sieber) Hooker f. — Australian Brass-Buttons. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from January to May. (Ross 1991/92). Deinandra fasciculata (DC.) E. Greene1 2 = Hemizoniaf. Torrey& A. Gray [including Hemizonia ramosissima Bentham vide Sys. Bot. July:3 14-339, 1982] — Fascicled Tarweed. Flowers: yellow or white. Blooms from May to September. (Ross 6590). Encelia califomica Nuttall — California Encelia. Flowers: yellow & brown. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4101, 4314). Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torrey — Brittle Bush. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4165). Erigeron foliosus Nuttall va i.foliosus — Fleabane Daisy. Flowers: blue or purple. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 4188). Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray var. confertiflorum — Golden- Yarrow. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from April to August. (Ross 4193). Filago califomica Nuttall — Herba Impia. Flowers: green. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4537). *Filago gallica L. — Herba Impia. Flowers: green. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 6585). *Gazania longiscapa DC. — Gazania. Flowers: yellow. Blooms most months. (Ross 4163). Gnaphalium bicolor Bioletti — Two-Tone Everlasting. Flowers: white. Blooms from January to May. (Ross 4198, 4540). 1 Treated as Lessingia filaginifolia (Hooker & Amott) M.A. Lane in (Lane 1993 in The Jepson Manual (Hickman [ed.]), now placed again in Corethrogy ne (Saroyan et al. 2000). 2 See Baldwin (1999). 10 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Gnaphalium califomicum DC. — California or Fragrant Everlasting. Flowers: white. Blooms from January to July. (Ross 6576). Gnaphalium canescens DC. ssp. microcephalum (Nuttall) Stebbins & Keil — White Everlasting. Flowers: white. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 1991/92). *Gnaphalium stramineum Kunth = G. chilense Sprengel — Straw or Cotton-Batting Everlasting. Flowers: yellow-green. Blooms from June to October. (Ross 6578). Grindelia camporum E. Greene var. camporum = G. robusta Nuttall — Big Gum Plant. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from March to September. (Schneider 1989, head of Dark Canyon). Gutierrezia califomica (DC.) Torrey & A. Gray = G. bracteata Abrams — California Matchweed. Rowers: yellow. Blooms from May to October. Hazardia squarrosa (Hooker & Amott) E. Greene var. grindelioides (DC.) W.D. Clark = Haplopappus squarrosus Hooker & Amott ssp. grindelioides (DC.) Keck — Saw- Toothed Goldenbush. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from July to October. (Ross, 1991/92). Helianthus gracilentus A. Gray — Slender Sunflower. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to October. Heterotheca grandiflora Nuttall — Telegraph Weed. Flowers: yellow. Blooms all year. (Ross 4099. 4555). *Hypochaeris glabra L. — Smooth Cat's-Ear. Flowers: yellow or brown. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4533). Isocoma menziesii (Hooker & Amott) Nesom var. menziesii = Haplopappus venetus (HBK) Blake ssp. oxyphyllus (E. Greene) H.M. Hall — Coastal Goldenbush . Flowers: yellow and green. Blooms from April to November. (Ross 4167). Isocoma menziesii (Hooker & Amott) Nesom var. vemonioides (E. Greene) G. Nesom = Haplopappus venetus (HBK) Blake ssp. vemonioides (Nuttall) H.M. Hall — Coastal Goldenbush. Flowers: yellow and green. Blooms from Arpil to November. (Ross 1991/92). *Lactuca serriola L. — Prickly or Wild Lettuce. Flowers: yellow and white. Blooms from May to , October. (Ross 1991/92). Lagophylla ramosissima Nuttall ssp. ramosissima — Hare-Leaf. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to October. (Ross 6582). Lasthenia califomica DC. ex Lindley ssp. califomica = L. chrysostoma (Fischer & C.A. Meyer) E. Greene — Goldfields. (F.W. Peirson, April 28, 1918). Layia platyglossa (Fischer & C.A. Meyer) A. Gray ssp. campestris Keck — Tidy-Tips. Rowers: yellow and white. Blooms from May to March. (Ross 1991/92). Malacothrix saxatilis (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray var. tenuifolia (Nuttall) A. Gray — Cliff-Aster. Rowers: white with rose. Blooms most months. (Ross 1991/92). *Picris echioides L. — Bristly Ox-Tongue. Flowers: yellow. Blooms June to December. (Ross 4513). Rafinesquia califomica Nuttall — California Chicory. Rowers: white. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 1991/92). Senecio califomicus DC. — California Groundsel or Butterweed. Flowers: white with black. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 1991/92). *Senecio vulgaris L. — Common Groundsel. Flowers: white with black. Blooms most months. (Ross 4506). *Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner — Milk Thistle. Flowers: purple. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 4116). Solidago califomica Nuttall — California Goldenrod. Flowers: yellow-orange. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 1991/92). CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 11 *Sonchus oleraceus L. — Sow Thistle. Flowers: yellow and white. Blooms most months. (Ross 4172). Stephanomeria diegensis Gottlieb — Flowers: pink to white. (Ross 4160). Stephanomeria virgata Bentham ssp. virgata — Tall Wreath-Plant, Wand or Virgate Chicory. Flowers: pink to white with purple. Blooms from July to October. (Ross, 1991/92). Stylocline gnaphaloides Nuttall — Everlasting Nest Straw. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4538). *Xanthium spinosum L. — Spiny Clotbur or Cocklebur. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 6591). *Xanthium strumarium L var. canadense (P. Miller) Torrey & A. Gray — Cocklebur. Blooms from July to October. Boraginaceae — Borage Family Amsinckia menziesii (Lehmann) A. Nelson var. intermedia (Fischer & C.A. Meyer) Ganders = A. intermedia Fischer & C.A. Meyer — Rancher’s Fireweed, Fiddleneck. Flowers: orange- yellow. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4547). Cryptantha intermedia (A. Gray) E. Greene — Intermediate Popcorn Flower. Rowers: white. Blooms from March to July. (Ross 4535). Pectocarya linearis (Ruiz Lopez & Pav6n) DC. vai.ferocula (I.M. Johnston) Thome — Slender Pectocarya. Flowers: white. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4312). Plagiobothrys canescens Bentham — Popcorn Flower. Flowers: white. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4550; F.W. Peirson 2735, April 28, 1918). Brassicaceae Mustard Family *Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch — Black Mustard. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 4319). *Brassica rapa L. ssp. sylvestris (L.) Janchen — Field Mustard. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from January to May. (Ross 4303). *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus — Shepherd's-Purse. Flowers: white or pink. Blooms most months. (Ross 4316, 4531). *Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagreze-Fossat = Brassica geniculata (Desfontaines) J. Ball — Hoary Mustard. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to October. (Ross 4185). Lepidium lasiocarpum Nuttall var. georginum (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock — Sand Peppergrass. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4536). Lepidium nitidum Nuttall — Shining Peppergrass. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4184). Lepidium strictum (S. Watson) Rattan — Upright Peppergrass. Rowers: white. Blooms from March to May. *Lobularia maritima (L.) Desvaux — Sweet-Alyssum. Rowers: white to purple. Blooms most months. (Ross 4162). *Raphanus sativus L. — Wild Radish. Rowers: white to purple. Blooms from February to July. (Ross 4109, 41 11). *Sisymbrium irio L. — London Rocket. Rowers: yellow. Blooms from January to April. *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scopoli — Herbal Hedge Mustard. Rowers: yellow. Blooms from April to July. (Ross,1991/92). *Sisymbrium orientale L. — Oriental Hedge Mustard. Rowers: yellow. Blooms in May. Thysanocarpus laciniatus Nuttall ex Torrey& A. Gray var. laciniatus — Fringe Pod. Flowers: white to purple. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4295). 12 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Cactaceae — Cactus Family Opuntia littoralis (Engelmann) Cockerell var. littoralis — Prickly-Pear. Flowers: yellow to salmon. Blooms from May to June. (Ross 1991/92). Caprifoliaceae — Honeysuckle Family Sambucus mexicana C. Presl = S. caerulea Rafinesque var. mexicana (C. Presl) L. Benson — Mexican Elderberry. Flowers: yellow- white. Blooms from March to September. (Ross 4182). Symphoricarpos mollis Nuttall in Torrey & A. Gray — Creeping Snowberry, Trip Vine. Flowers: pink. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 1991/92). Caryophyllaceae — Pink Family *Cerastium glomeratum Thuillier — Mouse-Ear Chickweed. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4551). *Silene gallica L. — Windmill Pink. Flowers: white to pink. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4543). Silene laciniata Cavanilles ssp. major C.L. Hitchcock & Maguire — Fringed Indian Pink. Flowers: red-orange. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 6557). *Stellaria media (L.) Villars — Common Chickweed. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to September. (Ross 4 1 86, 4553). Chenopodiaceae — Goosefoot Family *Atriplex semibaccata R. Brown — Australian Saltbush. Blooms from April to December. (Ross 6553). *Chenopodium album L. — Lamb’s-Quarters. Blooming period varies. (Ross 4173). Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. sinuatum (J. Murray) Wahl — Pitseed Goosefoot. (Ross 4084). Chenopodium califomicum (S. Watson) S. Watson — California Goosefoot. Flowers: green. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 6555). *Chenopodium murale L. — Nettle-Leaf Goosefoot. Flowers: green. Blooms most months. (Ross 1991/92). *Salsola tragus L. = S. australis R. Brown; S. iberica Sennen & Pau; S. kali L. var. tenuifolia Tausch — Russian-Thistle. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 4322). Convolvulaceae — Morning Glory Family Calystegia macrostegia (E. Greene) Brummitt ssp. intermedia (Abrams) Brummitt — Short-Lobed Morning Glory. Flowers: white to pink. Blooms from March to August. (Ross 4196, 4560). Crassulaceae — Stonecrop Family Crassula connata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) A. Berger var erectoides Bywater & Wickens — Sand Pygmyweed. (Ross 4542). Dudleya lanceolata (Nuttall) Britton & Rose — Lance-Leaf Live-Forever. Flowers: orange to red. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 4105). Dudleya multicaulis (Rose) Moran — Many-Stemmed Live-forever. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to June. CNPS List IB, endemic , endangered in a portion of its range. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 13 Cucurbitaceae — Gourd Family Cucurbitafoetidissima H.B.K. — Calabazilla, Stinking Gourd. Flowers: yellow to orange. Blooms from June to August. (Ross 6570). Marah macrocarpus (E. Greene) E. Greene — Wild Cucumber, Man-Root. Flowers: white. Blooms from January to April. (Ross 4100, 6572s, 6573s). Cuscutaceae — Dodder Family Cuscuta calif omica Hooker & Amott var. ? — California Dodder. Flowers: white. Blooms from May to August. (Ross 6575). Euphorbiaceae — Spurge Family Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torrey & A. Gray) Small = Euphorbia albomarginata Torrey & A. Gray — Rattlesnake Weed. Flowers: white and maroon. Blooms from April to November. (Ross 4290). Chamaesyce melanadenia (Torrey) Millspaugh = Euphorbia melanadenia (Torrey) Millspaugh — Red-Gland Spurge. Flowers: white and red. Blooms from December to May. (Ross 4321, 4539, 6581s). Chamaesyce polycarpa Millspaugh = Euphorbia polycarpa Bentham — Many-Fruited Spurge. Flowers: maroon. Blooms during most months. (Schneider 1989, southwestern facing slopes of Steep Canyon in Heilman Park). Eremocarpus setiger (Hooker) Bentham — Dove Weed, Turkey-Mullein. Blooms from May to October. (Schneider 1989, Heilman Park). * Euphorbia peplus L. — Petty Spurge. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from February to August. (Ross 4563). *Ricinus communis L. — Castor Bean. Blooms during most months. (Ross 4503). Fabaceae Pea Family Amorpha califomica Nuttall var. califomica — California False Indigo. Flowers: Flowers: red- violet. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 6561). Astragalus gambelianus E. Sheldon — Gambel’s Locoweed. Flowers: white with violet. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4556). Astragalus trichopodus (Nuttall) A. Gray cf. ssp. trichopodus — Southern California Locoweed. Flowers: yellow to cream. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4320, 6574s). *Coronilla valentina L. ssp. glauca (L.) Batt. — Crown Vetch. Flowers: yellow. (Ross 4204, 6592s). Lathyrus vestitus Nuttall var. ? = L. laetiflorus E. Greene — Canyon Pea. Flowers: rose. Blooms from April to June. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon). Lotus salsuginosus E. Greene var. salsuginosus — Coastal or Alkali Lotus. Rowers: yellow and orange. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4202, 4507). Lotus scoparius (Nuttall in Torrey & A. Gray) Ottley var. scoparius — Deer Weed. Flowers: yellow with red. Blooms from March to August. (Ross 6558). Lotus strigosus (Nuttall in Torrey & A. Gray) Greene var. strigosus — Strigose Lotus. Flowers: yellow to red. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4106, 4195). Lupinus bicolor Lindley ssp. microphyllus (S. Watson) D. Dunn — Dove or Miniature Lupine. Flowers: blue and white. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 6586). Lupinus hirsutissimus Benth. — Stinging Lupine. Flowers: violet-red. Blooms from March to May. (Ross, 1991/92). 14 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson) Abrams — Bush Lupine. Flowers: lavender with yellow. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 4299). Lupinus succulentus Douglas ex Koch — Succulent Lupine. Flowers: purple-blue. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4 1 80, 45 1 5). Lupinus truncatus Nuttall ex Hooker & Amott — Collar Lupine. Flowers: blue to purple. (Ross, 1991/92). *Medicago polymorpha L. ssp. polymorha = Medicago hispida Gaertner — Bur-Clover. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4516). *Melilotus albus Medicus — White Sweetclover. Flowers: white or yellow. Blooms from May to September. (Ross, 1991/92). *Melilotus indicus (L.) Alloini — Sourclover. Flowers: white or yellow. Blooms from April to October. (Ross 4505). *Robinia pseudo-acacia L. ssp. bessoniana Nichols. — Black Locust. Flowers: cream-white. Blooms from May to June. (Schneider 1989, One population of 30 or more trees in Turnbull Canyon), (Ross 4511). *Spartium junceum L. — Spanish Broom. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 4567). Trifolium fucatum Lindley var. g ambelii (Nuttall) Jepson — Gambel’s Painted Clover. Flowers: cream to pink. Blooms from April to June. (P.A. Munz 2181, May 5, 1918). *Vicia benghalensis L. — Bengal or Purple Vetch. Flowers: pink to violet. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4544). *Vicia sativa L. ssp. ? — Common or Spring Vetch. Flowers: red-violet to purple. Blooms from April to July. *Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corbiere = Vicia dasycarpa Tenore — Hairy Vetch. Flowers: red-violet. Blooms from March to May. *Vicia villosa Roth ssp. villosa — Winter Vetch. Flowers: purple and white. Blooms from April to July. Fagaceae — Beech Family Quercus agrifolia Nee var. agrifolia — Coast Live Oak. Blooms from March to April. (Ross 4098). Geraniaceae — Geranium Family *Erodium botrys (Cavanilles) Bertoloni — Long-Beaked Filaree, Storksbill. Flowers: lavender. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 6583). *Erodium brachycarpum (Godron) Thellung = E. obtusiplicatum (Maire, Weiller & Wilcz) J.T. Howell — Storksbill. Flowers: lavender. Blooms from April to August. (Ross 4549). *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Heritier — Red-Stemmed Filaree, Storksbill. Flowers: rose to . lavender. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4194, 4518). *Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Heritier — White-Stemmed Filaree, Storksbill. Flowers: rose to purple. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4517). Geranium carolinianum L. — Heron's Bill. Flowers: pink. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 4519). Grossulariaceae — Gooseberry Family Ribes aureum Pursh var. gracillimum (Coville & Britton) Jepson — Golden Currant. Flowers: yellow-orange to red. Blooms from February to April. (Ross 4177). Ribes malvaceum Sm. var. viridifolium Abrams — Chaparral Currant. Flowers: rose. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 15 Ribes speciosum Pursh — Fuchsia-Flowered Gooseberry. Flowers: red. Blooms from January to May. Common in shady canyons. (Ross 4082, 4509). Hydrophyllaceae — Waterleaf Family Emmenanthe penduliflora Bentham var. penduliflora — Whispering-Bells. Flowers: cream to yellow. Blooms from April to July. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon), (Ross 4557). Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Bentham) E. Greene var. chrysanthemifolia — Common Eucrypta. Flowers: white to cream. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4311, 4522). Phacelia cicutaria E. Greene var. hispida (A. Gray) J.T. Howell — Caterpillar Phacelia. Flowers: lavender. Blooms from March to May. (Schneider, 1989 Worsham Canyon), (Ross 4558). Phacelia distans Bentham — Wild Heliotrope, Common Phacelia. Flowers: blue. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4291, 6562). Phacelia grandiflora (Bentham) A. Gray — Large -Flowered Phacelia. Flowers: violet to blue. Blooms April to June. Phacelia minor (Harvey) Thellung — Wild Canterbury-Bells. Rowers: purple. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4523). Phacelia parryi Torrey — Parry's Phacelia. Rowers: purple. Blooms from March to May. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon). Phacelia ramosissima (Lehman) var. latifolia (Torrey) Cronquist = Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehmann var. suffrutescens Parry — Branching Phacelia. Rowers: cream to blue. Blooms from May to August. Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham — Tansy-Leaf Phacelia. Rowers: blue. Blooms from March to May. (Ross, 1991/92). Phacelia viscida (Bentham) Torrey — Sticky Phacelia. Flowers: blue with puiple or white. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4559). Pholistoma auritum (Lindley) Lilja var. auritum — Blue Fiesta Rower. Rowers: purple. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4512). Juglandaceae — Walnut Family Juglans califomica S. Watson var. califomica — Southern California Black Walnut. Rowers: brown & yellow. Blooms from April to May. Rare in study area. (Schneider 1989, Sycamore Canyon), (Ross 6589). Lamiaceae — Mint Family *Lamium amplexicaule L — Henbit. Flowers: red-violet. Blooms from April to September. (Ross 4552). *Marrubium vulgare L. — Horehound. Flowers: white. Blooms from March to August. (Ross 4087, 4527). Salvia apiana Jepson — White Sage. Rowers: white. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 6560). Salvia columbariae Bentham ssp. columbariae — Chia. Flowers: purple. Blooms from March to June. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon, Skyline Trail north). Salvia leucophylla E. Greene — Purple Sage. Rowers: lavender to rose. Blooms from May to July. (Ross 6571). Salvia leucophylla X S. mellifera (hybrid) — Purple X Black Sage. Flowers: lavender. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 4203, 4530). Salvia mellifera E. Greene — Black Sage. Flowers: white to light blue. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 4532). 16 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Stachys bullata Bentham — Blister-Leaf or California Hedge Nettle. Flowers: purple. Blooms from April to September. (Ross, 1991/92). Stachys rigida Nuttall ex Bentham ssp. quercetorum (Heller) Epling — Rigid Hedge Nettle. Flowers: rose with purple. Blooms from July to August. (Ross 4189). Trichostema lanceolatum Bentham — Vinegar Weed. Flowers: purple with white. Blooms from August to October. (Schneider 1989, Skyline Trail, east of The Bowl, Rose Hills property). Lauraceae — Laurel Family *Persea americana Miller var. drymifolia (Schlectendal & Chamisso) Blake — Avocado. (Ross 4565). Malvaceae — Mallow Family Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nuttall) E. Greene var. ? — Bush Mallow. Flowers: pink. Blooms from April to July. *Malva parviflora L. — Cheeseweed. Flowers: white to pink. Blooms most months. (Ross 4174, 4508). Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas = Sida leprosa (Ortega) K. Schumann var. hederacea K. Schumann — Alkali Mallow. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from May to October. (Ross 4288). Sidalcea malviflora (DC.) A. Gray ex Bentham ssp. malviflora — Checker-bloom. Flowers: pink. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon). Myrtaceae — Eucalyptus Family *Eucalytpus globulus Labillardiere. - Blue Gum Eucalyptus. Flowers: white. Blooms from September to May. (Schneider 1989, Steep Canyon in Heilman Park. Sycamore Canyon). *Eucalytpus sp. — Eucalyptus. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon). Nyctaginaceae — Four-O'Clock Family Mirabilis califomica A. Gray — Wishbone Bush. Flowers: violet-red. Blooms from January to May. (Schneider, 1989, Heilman Park), (Ross 4103). Onagraceae — Evening Primrose Family Camissonia califomica (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Raven — Mustard Evening-Primrose. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from April to May. (Ross, 1991/92). Camissonia intermedia Raven — Intermediate Evening-Primrose. Flowers: yellow to orange. (Ross 4534). Clarkia bottae (Spach) H.F. Lewis & M.E. Lewis = Clarkia deflexa (Jepson) H.F. Lewis & M.E. Lewis — Punchbowl Godetia. Flowers: lavender to rose. Blooms from April to June. Clarkia purpurea (W. Curtis) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbride ssp. ? — Four-Spot Clarkia. Flowers: lavender to purple or red. Blooms from April to July. Epilobium canum (E. Greene) Raven ssp. angustifolium (Keck) Raven = Zauschneria califomica K. Presl ssp. mexicana (K. Presl) Raven — Califomia-Fuchsia. Flowers: red-orange. Blooms from August to October. (Ross 4199). Epilobium canum (E. Greene) Raven ssp. canum = Zauschneria cana E. Greene — Califomia- Fuchsia. Flowers: red-orange. Blooms from August to October. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 17 Oxalidaceae — Oxalis Family *Oxalis pes-caprae L. — Bermuda-Buttercup. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from November to March. (Ross 4298). Papaveraceae — Poppy Family Eschscholzia califomica Chamisso var. peninsularis (E. Greene) Munz — California Poppy. Flowers: orange or yellow. Blooms from February to September. (Ross 4107, 6566s). Passifloraceae — Passion Flower Family *PassifIora caerulea L — Blue-Crown Passion Flower. Flowers: blue & white. (Ross 4094). Plantaginaceae — Plantain Family *Plantago major L. — Common Plantain. Flowers: brown or purple. Blooms from April to September. (Ross 4529). Platanaceae — Sycamore Family Platanus racemosa Nuttall — Western Sycamore. Blooms from February to April. (Ross 4306). Polemoniaceae — Phlox Family Eriastrum sapphirinum (Eastwood) H. Mason ssp. dasyanthum (Brand) H. Mason. — Sapphire Woolly-Star. Flowers: purple and yellow. Blooms from May to August. (Schneider 1989, west face, Steep Canyon in Heilman Park), (Ross 6577). Gilia angelensis V. Grant — Angeles Gilia. Flowers: white to blue. Blooms from March to May. (Schneider, 1989, Turnbull Canyon), (Ross 4292). Polygonaceae — Buckwheat Family Eriogonum elongatum Bentham — Long-Stem Buckwheat. Flowers: white to pink. Blooms from August to November. (Schneider 1989, Turnbull Canyon), (Ross 4289). Eriogonum fasciculatum Bentham ssp .foliolosum (Nuttall) Stokes — California Buckwheat. Flowers: white to pink. Blooms from March to October. (Ross 4315). Eriogonum fasciculatum Bentham ssp. foliolosum (Nuttall) Stokes ssp. approaches polifolium (Bentham) Stokes — California Buckwheat. Rowers: white. Blooms from March to November. (Ross 4164). *Polygonum aviculare L. — Knot Weed. Flowers: green with rose. Blooms from May to November. (Ross 6569). Pterostegia drymarioides Fischer & C.A. Meyer — Granny's Hair-net. Flowers: red. Blooms from March to July. (Ross 4294, 43 1 3). *Rumex crispus L. — Curly Dock. Blooms during most months. (Ross, 1991/92). Portulacaceae — Purslane Family Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) DC. var. menziesii (Hooker) J.F. Macbride — Red Maids. Flowers: red-violet, occasionally white. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4181,4318). Claytonia parviflora Hooker var. parviflora — Small-Flower Miner’ s-Lettuce. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4187a). 18 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Claytonia perfoliata Willdenow3 var. mexicana (Rydberg) John M. Miller & Chambers — Indian- Lettuce, Perfoliate Miner's-Lettuce. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to April. (Ross 4187b, 4521). Primulaceae — Primrose Family *Anagallis arvensis L. — Scarlet Pimpernel, Poor-Man’s Weatherglass. Flowers: orange & red- violet. Blooms from March to July. (Ross, 1991/92). Ranunculaceae — Crowfoot Family Delphinium parryi A. Gray ssp. parryi — Parry’s Blue Larkspur. Flowers: blue-purple and white. Blooms April to May. (Ross, 1991/92). Rhamnaceae — Buckthorn Family Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg — Holly-Leaf Redberry. Flowers: yellow-green. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4310). Rosaceae — Rose Family Cercocarpus betuloides Torrey & A. Gray var. betuloides — Birch-Leaf Mountain-Mahogany. Flowers: brown. Blooms from March to April. Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindley) M. Roemer — Toyon. Flowers: white. Blooms from June to July. (Ross 4081). Potentilla glandulosa Lindley ssp. glandulosa — Sticky Cinquefoil. Flowers: yellow to cream. Blooms from May to July. (Ross, 1991/92). *Prunus persica Batsch — Peach. Flowers: pink. Blooms from April to May. (Ross 4499) Rosa califomica Chamisso & Schlectendal — California Wild Rose. Flowers: rose to pink. Blooms from May to August. (Ross 4308). *Rosa x hybrida ex hort. — Rose (Hybrid Tea) R. aff. odorata (Andr.) Sweet — Rowers: rose- red. (Ross 4501). *Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees = Rubus procerus P.J. Mueller — Himalayan Blackberry. Flowers: pale pink. (Ross, 1991/92). Rubus ursinus Chamisso & Schlechtendal — California Blackberry. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4510). Rubiaceae — Madder Family Galium angustifolium Nuttall ssp. angustifolium — Narrow-Leaf Bedstraw. Flowers: cream to green. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4102, 4104). *Galium aparine L. — Goose-Grass, Annual Bedstraw. Flowers: white. Blooms from March to July. (Ross, 1991/92). Galium nuttallii A. Gray ssp. ? — San Diego Bedstraw. Flowers: yellow to green. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4095). Salicaceae — Willow Family Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Brayshaw — Black Cottonwood. Blooms from February to April. (Ross, 1991/92). Salix laevigata Bebb = S. bonplandiana H.B.K. pro parte — Red Willow. Blooms from March to May. (Ross, 1991/92). 3 Authority given as Donn in Munz. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 19 Salix lasiolepis Bentham var. lasiolepis — Arroyo Willow. Blooms February to April (Ross 4304). Saxifragaceae — Saxifrage Family Lithophragma affine A. Gray ssp. mixtum R.L. Taylor — Woodland Star. Flowers: white. Blooms from February to June. (Ross 4192). Scrophulariaceae — Figwort Family Antirrhinum kelloggii E. Greene — Twining Snapdragon. Flowers: blue. Blooms from March to - May. (Ross, 1991/92). Keckiella cordifolia (Benth.) Straw — Heart-Leaved Penstemon. Flowers: red-orange. Blooms from March to August. (Ross, 1991/92). Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis var. pubescens (Torrey) D. Thompson = Mimulus longiflorus (Nuttall) A.L. Grant ssp. longiflorus4 — Sticky Monkey Flower. Flowers: salmon or cream. Blooms from January to June. (Ross, 1991/92), (Ross 4205), (Wishner 4230, May 2002, Turnbull Canyon). Individuals with red-brown flowers are reported (Schneider, 1989, Turnbull Canyon), but a voucher specimen is needed. These red forms may be referrable to Mimulus longiflorus (Nuttall) A.L. Grant ssp. rutilus A.L. Grant, which is also included in M. aurantiacus var. pubescens. Penstemon centranthifolius (Bentham) Bentham — Scarlet Bugler. Flowers: red-orange. Blooms from April to June. Scrophularia califomica Chamisso & Schlectendal ssip.floribunda (E. Greene) Shaw — California Figwort. Flowers: red-brown. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4178). *Verbascum virgatum Stokes ex Withering — Virgate or Wand Mullein. Rowers: yellow or white. Blooms from May to September. (Ross 6579). Simaroubaceae — Quassia Family *Ailanthus altissima (P. Miller) Swingle — Tree of Heaven. Flowers: green. Blooms in June. (Ross, 1991/92). "According to Valerie Soza. Curatorial Assistant at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSA), David Thompson (1993) annotated Ross #4205 as Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis var. pubescens (Torrey) D. Thompson, although it was earlier determined (by Ross) as Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis ssp. australis (McMinn) Munz. According to Thompson’s (1993) Monographic Studies and Cross Reference list for Mimulus subg. Schizoplacus that is used at RSA, this latter taxon is regarded as a hybrid between M. aurantiacus var. pubescens X M. a. var. puniceus (Nuttall) D. Thompson. Perhaps it was originally misdetermined as M. aurantiacus Curtis ssp. australis (McMinn) Munz, but should have been M. longiflorus var. /. (which along with ssp. calycinus (Eastw.) Munz and var. rutilus Grant are now all M. aurantiacus var. pubescens). In the Munz treatment, the main difference between M. aurantiacus and M. longiflorus is the hairiness of the plant on the calyces and undersides of the leaves. At one end of the complex, discernible Mimulus longiflorus specimens definitely have dense, conspicuous, long hairs that are often gland-tipped, whereas at the other end M. aurantiacus specimens are mostly glabrous on these surfaces, or minutely glandular. Recent (May 2002) specimens received from Wishner (#4230; three individuals) collected at Turnbull Canyon in the Whittier Hills, and the Ross specimen all exhibit conspicuous haiiiness, keying-out as Mimulus longiflorus var. /. sensu Munz, now transferred to Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens (according to Thompson). The only other specimens of related Mimulus from the Puente Hills range held at RSA were from the northern part, near Pomona, and these specimens, and these were also annotated as M. aurantiacus var. pubescens (Thompson 1993), and they key out to M. longiflorus var. /. using Munz. Reportedly, a new monograph by Thompson on Mimulus is about to appear in Memoirs of the Vew York Botanical Garden. Hopefully, this will cast additional light on the nature of the species complex here in the Whittier Hills, and elsewhere. 20 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Solanaceae — Nightshade Family Datura wrightii Regel = D. meteloides A. DC. — Jimson Weed, Sacred Datura, Moon Flower. Flowers: white with purple. Blooms from April to October. (Ross 6565). *Nicotiana glauca Graham — Tree Tobacco. Flowers: yellow-green. Blooms from March to August. (Ross 4086). Solanum douglasii Dunal in DC. — White Nightshade. Flowers: white with green. Blooms from February to March. (Ross 4108, 41 10). Ulmaceae — Elm Family *Ulifius parvifolia Jacquin — Chinese Elm. Blooms during August. (Ross 4305). Urticaceae — Nettle Family Parietaria hespera B.D. Hinton var. hespera — Western Pellitory. Blooms February to June. (Ross 4500). Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nuttall) Thome. — Hoary Nettle. Rowers: green. Blooms from June to September. (Ross, 1991/92). *Urtica urens L. — Dwarf Nettle. Rowers: green. Blooms from January to April. (Ross 4176, 4502). Valerianaceae — Valerian Family *Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. — Red Valerian. Flowers: rose. Blooms from April to August. (Ross 4498). Verbenaceae — Vervain Family Verbena lasiostachys Link var. ? — Verbena. Flowers: red-violet. Blooms from April to October. (Ross 6580). Violaceae — Violet Family Viola pedunculata Torrey & A. Gray — Johnny-Jump-Up. Flowers: yellow with brown. Blooms from February to April. (Schneider, 1989, north facing slope of Sycamore Canyon). Vitaceae — Grape Family Vitis girdiana Munson — Desert Wild Grape. Rowers: cream-white. Blooms from May to June. (Ross 4561). ANGIOSPERMS Monocotyledones Arecaceae — Palm Family *Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud. — Canary Island Palm. (Ross 1991/92, Young plant adventive along stream, Turnbull Canyon). Iridaceae — Iris Family Sisyrinchium bellum S. Watson — Blue-Eyed-Grass. Flowers: purple. Blooms from March to May. (Ross, 1991/92). Liliaceae — The Lily Family CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 21 *Agave sisalana Perrine — Sisal. Flowers: cream. (Ross 4301). * Agave elephantipes Regel — Elephant-foot Yucca. Flowers: cream. (Ross 4091). Bloomeria crocea (Torrey) Coville — Common Goldenstar. Flowers: yellow. Blooms from April to June. (JSL, 1989, northwest facing slope, Turnbull Canyon). Dichelostemma capitatum Alph. Wood ssp. capitatum = Dichelostemma pulchellum (Salisbury) Heller var. pulchellum — Blue Dicks. Flowers: blue. Blooms from March to May. (Ross 4200). Calochortus plummerae E.Greene — Plummer’s Mariposa Lily. Flowers: rose and yellow. Blooms from May to July. (Schneider, 1989, east facing slope, head of Grazing Deer _ Canyon, also known as Canyon #6, Puente Hills Landfill, Los Angeles County property). Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth var. pomeridianum — Soap Plant, Amole. Flowers: white. Blooms from May to July. (Ross, 1991/92). Poaceae — Grass Family *Agrostis semiverticillata (Forsskal) C. Christiansen = Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. — Beard Grass. Blooms from May to June. (Ross 4528). *Avena barbata Brotero — Slender Wild Oat. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4170). *Avena fatua L. — Wild Oat. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 4554). *Bromus catharticus M. Vahl [including B. unioloides (Willdenow) H.B.K. & B. willdenovii Kunth] - Rescue Grass. Blooms from April to November. (Ross 4568). *Bromus diandrus Roth — Ripgut Grass. Blooms from April to June. (Ross 4524, 4546). *Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus - B. mollis L. — Soft Chess. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 4525). *Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens (L.) Husnot — Foxtail Chess, Red Brome. Blooms from March to June. (Ross 4526, 4545). *Bromus lectorum L. — Downy Brome, Cheat Grass. Blooms from May to June. (Ross, • 1991/92). *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Persoon — Bermuda Grass. (Ross 6593). *Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopoli — Crab Grass. Blooms from June to September. (Ross, 1991/92). *Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois — Barnyard Grass. Blooms from July to October. Elymus glaucus Buckley ssp. g laucus — Blue Wildrye. Blooms from June to August. (Ross, 1991/92). *Festuca arundinacea Schreber — Reed Fescue. Blooms from May to June. *Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steudel) Tzvlev = H. glaucum Steudel — Foxtail Barley. Blooms from April to May. (Ross 4514). *Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Archangeli — Hare Barley. Blooms from April to June. (Ross, 1991/92). *Lamarckia aurea Moench — Goldentop. Blooms from February to May. (Ross 4317). Leptochloa fascicularis (Lamarck) A. Gray — Bearded Sprangletop. Blooms from June to October. Leptochloa uninervia (J. Presl) A.S. Hitchcock & Chase — Mexican Sprangletop. Blooms from March to December. (Ross 4168). 5 Included in The Jepson Manual (Hickman [editor] 1993) as Agrostis viridis Gouan, it has since reverted to A. semiverticillata (see manual errata). Taxon treated twice in Munz’s southern California Flora (1974), as A semiverticillata (p. 943) and as Polypogon semiverticillatus (p. 996). 22 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Leymus condensatus (C. Presl) A. Love = Elymus condensatus C. Presl — Giant Ryegrass. Blooms from June to August. (Ross 4096). *Lolium multiflorum Lamarck= Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lamarck) Husnot. — Italian Ryegrass. Blooms from May to September. (Ross, 1991/92). Melica imperfecta Trinius — Melic. Blooms from April to May. (Ross, 1991/92). Nassella lepida (A.S. Hitchcock) Barkworth = Stipa lepida A.S. Hitchcock — Foothill Needlegrass. Blooms from March to May. (F. W. Peirson, April 28, 1918). Nassella pulchra (A.S. Hitchcock) Barkworth = Stipa pulchra A.S. Hitchcock — Purple Needlegrass. Blooms from March to May. (F.W. Peirson 1587, April 28, 1918), (Ross 4541). *Pennisetum setaceum (Forsskaal) Chiovenda — Fountain Grass. Blooms from July to October. (Ross 4566). *Poa annua L. — Annual Bluegrass, Wintergrass. Blooms from January to July. *Polypogon interruptus H.B.K. — Ditch Beard Grass. Blooms from May to August. (Ross 4169). *Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desfontaines — Annual Beard Grass. Blooms from April to August. *Schismus arabicus Nees — Mediterranean Grass. Blooms from March to May. *Schismus barbatus (L.) Thellung — Mediterranean Grass. Blooms from March to April. (Ross 4092). *Triticum aestivum L. — Wheat. Blooms from April to July. (Ross 4089, 4562). *Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmelin var. myuros = Festuca myuros L. — Foxtail or Rattail Fescue. Blooms from March to May. Typhaceae — Cat-Tail Family Typha latifolia L. — Broad-Leaf Cat-Tail; Soft-Flag. Blooms from June to July. (Ross, 1991/92). CONCLUSION There were many difficulties inherent in trying to more thoroughly document the plants of the Whittier Hills. First, our knowledge of the historical plant collections made in the area was fairly poor, and, most of the land was under private ownership, which made access difficult and at times impossible. While not quite finished writing up our research, we presented our findings at the symposium “Natural Resources in the Puente Hills/Chino Hills corridor” at Whittier College in March, 1994. Shortly thereafter, symposium papers were submitted for a publication deadline, but these were never published. While anticipating publication, both authors moved from the study area. Consequently, no further work was done on the checklist until six years later in preparation for the present publication in Crossosoma. Because this checklist is by no means complete, it is hoped that more work will be done by future researchers. Additional work should include studying herbarium specimens that document historical occurrences of plant species in the Whittier Hills. This would give us a better perspective on how much botanical diversity has been lost due to grazing, urbanization, too frequent fires, and invasion by non-native plants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author wishes to thank an Art professor, who shall remain anonymous, whom in graduate school criticized certain paintings for containing images of leaves, flowers, and trees. “Why don’t you just go and be a botanist?” he said. Thanks also to those who inspired me a long time ago by planting the seeds of interest about California native plants - Avis Keedy, Bob Muns, Oscar Clark, CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 23 and Wesley Thompson. Thanks also to my husband, John C. Ljubenkov, marine biologist and taxonomist, who has been most helpful with computer applications and compilation of the statistical summary. Thanks to Carl Wishner and Valerie Soza for preparing the map illustration, and for their additional efforts to clarify nomenclatural questions in the genus Mimulus. LITERATURE CITED Baldwin, B. 1999. New combinations and new genera in the North American tarweeds (Compositae - Madiinae). Novon 9(4):462-471. Bowler, P.A. 1989. Riparian Woodland: An Endangered Habitat in Southern California. Pages 80-97 in: A.A. Schoenherr (editor), Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California. Southern California Botanists Special Publication No. 3. Boyd, S.D. 1983. A Flora of the Gavilan Hills, western Riverside County, California. M.S. Thesis, Dept, of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside. Hickman, J.C. (editor). 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1400 pages. King, L.D., Inc. 1979. General Plan and Zoning Regulations: Environmental Impact Report: Prepared for the City of Whittier. McMinn, H.E., and E. Maino. 1963. Pacific Coast Trees. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 409 pages. Munz, P.A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1086 pages. O’Leary, J.F. 1989. California Coastal Sage Scrub. Pages 24-41 in: A.A. Schoenherr (editor), Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California. Southern California Botanists Special Publication No. 3. Roberts, F.M. Jr. 1995. The Oaks of the Southern Californian Floristic Province. F. M. Roberts Publications, Encinitas, California. 112 pages. Sargent, C. S. 1933. Manual of the Trees of North America. The Houghton Mifflin Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 910 pages. Saroyan, J.P., D.R. Parnell, and J.L. Strother. 2000. Revision of Corethrogyne (Compositae [Asteraceae]: Astereae). Madrono 47(2): 89-96. Schneider, Julie A. No date. Field Guide to the Wildflowers and Trees of the Whittier Hills. Unpublished manuscript. Whittier Hills Archives, Whittier Library. Schoenherr, A.A. 1992. A Natural History of California. University of California Press. 772 pages. Smith, J.P., Jr., and Ken Berg, 1988. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. 168 pages. Temple, P.J. 2000. Plants of Sycamore Canyon Park, Riverside, California. Crossosoma 25(2):45-70. Thome, R.F. 1967. A Flora of Santa Catalina Island, California. Aliso 6: 1-77. Williams, R.E. 1981, Ecological Assessment and Species Listings for Los Angeles County Sanitation District Property in the Puente Hills. 91pages. White, S.D. 1999. Vegetation Descriptions, Site Characteristics, and Plant Ecology in Shrublands of the Puente Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Crossosoma 25(1): 17-24. Yaeger, E.C., and A.C. Smith. 1966. Introduction to the Natural History of SouthemCalifomia. University of California Press. 104 pages. Yerkes, R.F. 1972, Geology and Oil Resources of the Western Puente Hills Area, Southern California: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 420-C. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 63 pages. 24 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] SCB GRANT PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT COMPETITION BETWEEN ERODIUM MACROPHYLLUM [GERANIACEAE] AND EXOTIC AND NATIVE SPECIES IN A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ANNUAL GRASSLAND Ian G. Gillespie Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, California 92507 INTRODUCTION Aside from habitat loss, exotic species are the primary threat to biological diversity (Pimm and Gilpin 1989; D' Antonio and Vitousek 1992). California grasslands have experienced one of the most dramatic biological invasions in North America, undergoing an almost complete vegetation conversion from native perennial/annual to exotic annual species (Heady et al. 1991). Despite the widespread concern of exotic species, their impacts on community and population dynamics is poorly understood. The objective of this research is to understand how exotics may restrict the distribution of the rare native forb, Er odium macrophyllum , and how competition and soil type may interact during restoration of this species. Interestingly, some plant communities in regions of California with a Mediterranean climate have resisted invasion by exotics and their floral communities have remained relatively intact. Most notable are areas of serpentine soils, vernal pools and highly weathered, shallow soils on exposed slopes (Murphy and Ehrlich 1989). However, some plant communities have remained relatively un¬ invaded in areas where these edaphic conditions are not found. Given this, it is possible that restricted edaphic conditions in southern California, such as clay soil outcrops, act as refugia for native species. Many rare and endangered plant taxa are found only on these clay soils (e.g.. Allium munzii, Brodiaea filifolia, Brodiaea orcuttii, Convolvulus simulans and Harpagonella palmeri [pers. obs.]), which often have a reduced cover of exotic species (pers. obs.). However, no one has studied the importance of these soils as places of refugia. If clay soil outcrops are places of refugia for native California taxa, then they are important areas for preservation, representing places where rare plants can persist relatively free from human intervention. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 25 Erodium macrophyllum Hook. & Am. is a rare, native California forb that is apparently restricted to clay soil outcrops (pers. obs.). Anecdotal evidence suggests that this forb was once more common in California (Gray 1876; Abrams 1904) and part of its decline may be due to displacement by exotic forbs and grasses much like what has happened with other grassland species (Bartolome et al. 1986). Using E. macrophyllum as a model species, the purpose of this study is to assess the importance of clay soil outcrops as refugia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In winter and spring 2001, 1 set up field experiments looking at how E. macrophyllum competes withlnative and exotic species in an annual forbland in Crown Valley at the Lake Skinner/Shipley Multi-Species Reserve. In Crown Valley, soils are a sandy loam (USDA 1971) and the dominant annuals are Amsinckia menziesii (native forb), Bromus diandrus (exotic grass), B. madritensis (exotic grass) and Erodium brachycarpum (exotic forb) (Gillespie, unpublished data). At Crown Valley, I experimentally tested the hypotheses that ( 1 ) E. macrophyllum would have a greater reproductive output in weeded plots versus non-weeded plots and (2) that E. macrophyllum would have a greater reproductive output when grown in plots dominated by A. menziesii as opposed to plots dominated by B. diandrus or E. brachycarpum. To test these hypotheses, I used a 2 by 3 randomized factorial design replicated 5 times. To study competition between E. macrophyllum and the various matrix species (those listed above), I selected 0.5 m2 plots where each matrix species was dominant and sowed in approximately 200 seeds of E. macrophyllum. Additionally, each seeded, non-weeded plot was paired with a control plot where I manually weeded all plants . From January to May 2001, I monitored all 30 plots and recorded demographic data weekly. PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Weeding significantly increased fruit production of E. macrophyllum. Within the weeded plots, E. macrophyllum growing in plots formally dominated by Bromus spp. produced more fruit than the A. menziesii and E. brachycarpum plots (Figure 1). Interestingly, the specific matrix species competing with E. macrophyllum (e.g. A. menziesii vs. E. brachycarpum ) in the non-weeded plots had no affect on fruit production (Figure 1). These results suggest that competition with exotic species is important in restricting the reproductive output of E. macrophyllum ; however, the specific species does not seem to be important. That is, E. macrophyllum does poorly when growing with any of the matrix species: B. diandrus, E. brachycarpum or the native, A. menziesii. There is a long standing dogma in plant ecology that many taxa are restricted to unusual, infrequent edaphic conditions because they cannot withstand competition on other widespread soil types. In fact, several studies have shown that edaphic endemics often perform better when grown on more favorable soil types (Kruckeberg 1954; McGraw and Levin 1998). Erodium macrophyllum is restricted to heavy clay soils where there is little vegetation cover, suggesting that it does not experience very intense competition when growing on these soils. My results provide additional data suggesting that competition on other more common soil types may be an important factor restricting E. macrophyllum to nutrient-poor clay soils. Interestingly, however, some of the E. macrophyllum plants growing without competitors in Crown Valley died before dispersing their seeds. Plants that did this were robust and appeared healthy until mid-April, when they senesced prematurely compared to adjacent native plants. This suggests that there may be certain properties of clay soils (such as water retention) that are required by E. macrophyllum. However, because premature death of E. macrophyllum plants in Crown Valley was not consistent, it is difficult to make generalizations regarding the mechanisms by which it is restricted to clay soils. Additional research will be initiated to determine these mechanisms. 26 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Figure 1 90 t 20 fl J 10 5 0 A a Weeded Non-Weeded Treatment ■Amsinckia □Bromus □Erodium Figure 1 . Mean fruit production as a function of different background matrix species within weeded and non-weeded plots. Difference in letters denotes a significant difference (P<0.05). Means and standard errors are shown (N= 5). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was made possible by generous grants from Southern California Botanists and California Native Plant Society. This project would not have been possible without help from Steve Boyd, Carole Belle, Zach Principe and those not mentioned here who help manage the Lake Skinner/Shipley Multi-Species Reserve and the Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve. Special thanks also to Edith Allen, Sheila Kee, and Zeke Dang for suggestions and help in the field. LITERATURE CITED Abrams, L.R. 1904. Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity. Stanford, Stanford Univeristy Press. Bartolome, J.W., S.E. Klukkert and W.J. Barry. 1986. Opal phytoliths as evidence for displacement of native California grassland. Madrono 33:217-222. D'Antonio, C.M., and P.M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:63-87. Gray, A. 1876. Botany of California. Cambridge, Welch, Bigelow, and Co., University Press. Heady, H.F., J.W. Bartolome, M.D. Pitt, M.G. Stroud, and G.D. Savelle. 1991. California Prairie. Pages 313-355 in R. T. Coupland, (editor). Natural Grasslands. Ecosystems of the World, Volume 8A. Elsevier, Amerstdam, The Netherlands. CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] 27 Kruckeberg, R.H. 1954. The ecology of serpentine soils. Ecology 35:258-288. Mack, R.N. 1989. Temperate grasslands vulnerable to plant invasion: characteristics and consequences. Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective. J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. DiCastri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek and M. Williamson. New York, New York, John Wiley and Sons: 155-179. McGraw J.M., and A.L. Levin. 1998. The roles of soil type and shade intolerance in limiting the distribution of the edaphic endemic Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana (Polygonaceae). Madrono 45: 119-127. Murphy, D.D., and P.R. Ehrlich. 1989. Conservation biology of California's remnant native grasslands. Grassland Structure and Function: California Annual Grassland. L.F. Huenneke and H. Mooney. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 201-211. Pimm, S.L., and M.E. Gilpin. 1989. Theoretical issues in conservation biology. Perspectives in Ecological Theory, Princeton University Press: 287-305. USDA. 1971. Soil Survey: Western Riverside Area California. US Dept, of Agriculture: Soil Conservation Service. van der Heijden, M.G.A., J.N. Kilronomos, M. Ursic, P. Moutoglis, R. Streitwolf-Engel, T. Boiler, A. Wiemken, and I. R. Sanders. 1998. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396: 69-72. 28 CROSSOSOMA 27(1), Spring-Summer 2001 [issued August, 2002] Southern California botanists, Inc. Source and use of funds - 2001 Bank Balances at December 31. 2000: Certified Deposit Account Money Market Account Checlang Account Total (Outstanding Checks 2000: #1556 $50.00) Receipts for Year: Membership Dues 4,335.00 Book Sales 655.05 Plant Sales 00.00 Symposium 2,730.00 Interest Income 2,082.77 Donations 574.05 Sales Tax 0.00 Shipping and Handling 0.00 Petty Cash 200.00 Other Income 164.00 Total Receipts Total Available Expenses for Year: Mailing 400.00 Printing 2,378.44 Postage 0.00 Symposium 1,359.22 Plant Sales 0.00 Grants 1,000.00 Supplies 8.59 Typing 0.00 2000 Sales Tax 37.00 Petty Cash 200.00 Donations 0.00 Entertainment 0.00 Field Trips 0.00 Miscellaneous Expenses 30.00 Total Expenses Balance at December 31, 2001 31,156.42 5,089.43 3.489.45 39,735.30 -50.00 39,685.30 10.740.87 50,426.17 -5.433.25 44,992.92 Bank Balances at December 31. 2001: Certified Deposit Account 36,1 16.14 Money Market Account 5,195.57 Checking Account 3,956.10 Tota' 45,267.81 (Outstanding checks 2001: #1591 $274.89) -274.89 Ending Balance 44,992.92 — Alan P. Romspert, Treasurer, Southern California Botanists New York Botanical Garden Library 3 5 II II 85 00268 0633 Southern California Botanists, Inc. -—Founded 1927 — Memberships, Subscriptions, Back issues Individual and Family Memberships in the SCB are $15.00 per calendar year, domestically (or $20.00 per year to foreign addresses). Memberships include two issues of CROSSOSOMA per year, and 5 or 6 issues of Leaflets , the newsletter of the SCB. Leaflets provides time-dated information on activities and events that may be of interest to our general membership. A subscription to CROSSOSOMA is available to libraries and institutions at the domestic rate of $25.00 per calendar year ($30.00 to foreign institutions). Back issues (Vols. 18-present) are available for $5.00 an issue or $10.00 a volume, postpaid. Prior to Volume 18, CROSSOSOMAincluded time-dated notices to the membership and was published six times a year; these back issues are $1.00 each, or $6.00 per volume, postpaid. Some back issues which are out-of-stock may be provided as photocopies. SCB Special Publications No. 1. A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thome, 39 pp . . . $7.00 No. 3. Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California, Proceedings of the 15th Annual SCB Symposium, edited by Allan A. Schoenherr, 1 14 pp . $12.00 Book prices include California state sales tax, handling, and domestic postage. [Please note that our Special Publication No. 2, Flora OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS, 2nd ed., by Peter H. Raven, Henry J. Thompson, and Barry A. Prigge, is currently out-of-print.] By request, the following article has been reprinted as a separate, with covers, and is available for plant collecting workshops: Reprint. Herbarium Specimens as Documents: Purposes and General Collecting Techniques, by T.S. Ross [from CrossosomA22(1):3-39, 1996] . $3.95 each; 10 for $22.50. Applications for membership, book purchases, or requests for subscriptions or back issues, should be sent to: Alan Komspert, Treasurer, Southern California Botanists, do Department of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, U.S.A. Make check or money order payable to "Southern California Botanists" or "SCB." Name or address corrections and requests for replacement of CROSSOSOM/issues lost or damaged during mail delivery, should also be sent to the SCB Treasurer at the address listed above. http://socalbot.org o .p: i.i'i IP iVi f.Vi c 3 Cl ft C £u ft O ►— r* ft —■ ^ o zr >-i < ft C £U SL •-! “ 5.3 * a> it 0) ct; rtT 3 O cr> 5- H a o ft c tu r*- nj 3. w o EJ* 3^ ft ^ S»s o DD ° 2.3 2.3 BJ 3- o S' a oo » o Sfr* I > If I / Y,X1 CROSSOSOMA Journal of the Southern California Botanists , Inc. Volume 27, Number 2 Fall-Winter 2001 CONTENTS Crossosomataceae: a family primer — Dylan P. Hannon . 29 A bibliography of floristics in southern California: Addendum Number 1 — Robert F. Thome . 35 *. Noteworthy Collection — California ; Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly \ (Cyperaceae): New to southern California r* — Richard E. Riefner, Steve Boyd , and Roy J. Shlemon . 49 Book Reviews Lichens of North America by Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Duran Shamoff, and Stephen Shamoff . 52 Lichen Flora of the Sonoran Desert Region , Volume 1 by T.H. Nash III, B.D. Ryan, C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (editors) . 53 Trees and Shrubs of California by David Stuart - and John O. Sawyer . 54 Index and bibliography of Crossosoma, Volume 27, 2001 . 58 http://socalbot.org Crossosoma CROSSOSOMA (ISSN 0891-9100) is published twice a year (normally about May and November) by Southern California Botanists, Inc., a California nonprofit corporation. Subscription rate to domestic libraries and institutions is $25.00 per calendar year, or $30.00 for foreign institutions (for individual membership, see inside back cover). Back issues (Vols. 18-present) are available for $5.00 an issue or $10.00 a volume, postpaid. Prior to Volume 18, CROSSOSOMA was published six times a year; these back issues are $1.00 each, or $6.00 per volume, postpaid. SCB BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR 2001 President First Vice President Second Vice President Secretary Treasurer Directors-at-large Ex officio Board Members . Steve Boyd (2001) . Scott White (2001) . Robert Thome (2001) . Susan Hobbs (2001-2002) . Alan P. Romspert (2001-2002) . Ileene Anderson (2001-2002) . Terry Daubert (2001-2002) . Chris Barnhill (2001-2002) . James Harrison (2001-2002) . William Jones (2001-2002) . Sandy Leatherman (2000-2001) . . . Steve Leonelli (2000-2001) . Susan Schenk (2001-2002) . Allan A. Schoenherr (2000-2001) Scott White (Immediate Past President, 2000) William Jones (Editor of Leaflets) Carl Wishner (Editor of CROSSOSOMA) Applications for membership, or requests for subscriptions or back issues should be sent to: Alan Romspert, Treasurer, Southern California Botanists, Department of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, U.S.A. Notices of a time dated nature (fieldtrips, workshops, symposia, etc.) to be included in the newsletter Leaflets should be submitted to Steve Boyd, Editor of Leaflets , c/o Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 91711, U.S.A. Articles, book reviews, or other items for submission to CROSSOSOMA should be sent to Carl Wishner, Editor of CROSSOSOMA , at 5169 Dumont Place, Woodland Hills, California, 91364-2309, U.S.A. Views published in CROSSOSOMA are those of the contributing author(s) and are not necessarily those of the editors, the membership of Southern California Botanists Inc., or the SCB Board of Directors, unless explicitly stated. Copyright © 2001 by Southern California Botanists, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to reproduce items in CROSSOSOMA, in whole or in part, should be requested from the current Editor. http://socalbot.org CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 29 CROSSOSOMATACEAE: A FAMILY PRIMER Dylan P. Hannon Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N College Avenue Claremont C A 91711 Over a wide area of the American Southwest and extending to central Mexico occur four genera ( Crossosoma , Glossopetalon, Apacheria and Velascoa ) that make up the enigmatic family Crossosomataceae. All of the ten or so species are shrubs or subshrubs and occur primarily in scrub vegetation, often on limestone substrates. In the United States, members of the family range from the Channel Islands of California to Arizona, Nevada, Montana, northern Colorado, southern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas. In Mexico, the family is recorded from the states of Baja California (including Guadalupe Island), Sonora, Coahuila, Aguascalientes, and Queretaro. In California, four species of Crossosomataceae in two genera occur from near sea level to about 2450m elevation. Three genera and three species are recorded in Arizona (Mason 1992). In the wild, some of the species are of disjunct or very narrow distribution, suggesting that the present-day range of the family may be a relictual one. Their widely dispersed populations and subtle morphological traits have caused this peculiar group to remain obscure in botany and in cultivation alike. As a family, the Crossosomataceae (from the Greek krossoi, fringe, and soma, or body, both pertaining to the aril of the seed) are characterized by their shrubby habit, with often intricately branched, spinescent branchlets; entire, alternate, simple (to tridentate) and mostly deciduous leaves; stipules minute or none; flowers solitary and axillary or terminal on short shoots, actinomorphic, bisexual or polygamo-monoecious, perigynous or hypogynous, usually with a nectary disk subtending the pistil(s); sepals (3-) 4-5 (-6), free; petals (3-) 4-5 (-6), ephemeral, free, more or less clawed, white to pinkish or purplish; stamens centripetal, (4-) 15-50, inserted on the disk or on the hypanthium, equal or subequal, anthers basifixed and dehiscing longitudinally; carpels 1-9, simple and free, with short styles and capitate, discoid or linear stigmas; fruit follicular, ventrally dehiscent, with 1 or few to many globular-reniform or obovate, brown or black arillate seeds. In proportion to the flowers and fruits, the seeds are rather large. A few specialized papers provide data for wood anatomy, biochemistry and morphology, respectively (De Buhr 1978, Tatsuno and Scogin 1978, Richardson 1970). Both Cronquist (1981) and Thome (2001) have placed the family in the Order Rosales, whereas other authors have put it near such families as Dilleniaceae and Paeoniaceae in the Dilleniales. The floral perigyny of the family suggests affinity with Rosales, but the well-developed aril of the seed suggests the Dilleniales (Cronquist 1981). At a glance, one may observe a number of morphological characters, perhaps only reflecting convergence, shared with Paeonia, such as the general appearance of the numerous stamens, somewhat crumpled petals, follicular fruit with outwardlycurved, ‘lumpy’ follicles, and proportionately large arillate seeds. Placed within either of these orders “the family must occupy an isolated position” (Cronquist 1981). Recent proposals regarding the phylogenetic placement of Crossosomataceae, based on gene sequencing work, place the family in its own order along with Stachyuraceae, Aphloiaceae, Strasburgeriaceae, Ixerbaceae and Staphyleaceae (Savolainen et al. 2000). The independent order Crossosomatales was first put forth by Takhtajan (see Takhtajan 1997), and appears to be closest to Geraniales. This current view moves the family a considerable distance from either the Dilleniales or the Rosales. The monophyly of the family and its close relationship to Stachyuraceae and Staphyleaceae in particular are well supported by the most recent rbcL gene sequence data (Sosa and Chase, in press). Periodic updates of Thome’s classification, incorporating recent molecular evidence, can be found on the web: (http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/fam/thomeangiosp99.html). 30 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. KEY TO THE GENERA OF CROSSOSOMATACEAE 1. Stamens 15-50; carpels 1-9, 8-20mm long, stipitate . Crossosoma V. Stamens 4-10; carpels 1-4, l-5mm long, sessile . 2 2. Hypanthium elongate, tubular; stamens 10, inserted on distal portion of hypanthium tube; nectary -disk absent . Velascoa 2'. Hypanthium more or less cupular; stamens 4-10, inserted on rim of hypanthium; nectary- disk present . . . 3 3. Leaves opposite; flowers 4-merous; stigma decurrent on the style . Apacheria 3’. Leaves alternate; flowers (4-) 5 (-6)-merous; stigma terminal . Glossopetalon CROSSOSOMA Described by Thomas Nuttall in 1847 and based on a collection by Gambel made on Santa Catalina Island, Crossosoma califomicum became the first species in the genus. The only other known species, C. bigelovii, was published by Sereno Watson in 1876, based on specimens collected by Bigelow in Arizona. Crossosoma is distinguished from Glossopetalon by the more numerous stamens (15-50 vs. 4-10), and number of fruiting follicles (1-9 vs. 1-3), which are stipitate and 8-20mm long vs. sessile and l-5mm long. Less diagnostically, the leaves of either species of Crossosoma are typically larger than those of members of the other genera. Crossosoma califomicum - Long known from Santa Catalina, San Clemente and Guadalupe islands, in 1977, this species was found by Jim Henrickson on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in mainland Los Angeles County (Henrickson 16341, RSA!). This elevated peninsula is physiographically part of the Channel Islands group, and is surrounded by land that lies nearly at sea level today, and has been cut off by the sea in geologically recent times. Here, the species is known from only a very few plants where potential housing development is a perpetual threat to its existence. On Santa Catalina Island, the species is locally plentiful, while on San Clemente and Guadalupe islands it is scarce. Occurrences range from dry, westerly exposures to more mesic chaparral habitats. A bushy shrub of robust habit, C. califomicum grows to 2m tall, and often produces long, unbranched primary branches; abbreviated axillary shoots are also typical, and may comprise most new growth in years of low rainfall. Occasional specimens are arborescent, and grow to 5m tall (Munz 1959). In winter and spring, the plant is leafy in appearance, but by summer much or all of the foliage will have turned brown; these dead leaves persist until the following rainy season. The foliage is glaucescent, and this quality gives the plant a distinctive grayish or pale appearance. Individual leaves are subsessile, mucronate, mostly oblong-elliptic, about 3- 7cm long and 8- 15mm wide, with inconspicuous secondary venation. By its overall size and large mesophyllous leaves (to 9cm long), C. califomicum is the largest species in the family. In February to May, the solitary, suberect terminal flowers appear. In structure they resemble peonies, with broad, slightly rumpled and weakly clawed white petals 12- 15mm long. The numerous stamens are about as long as the 2-7(-9) conspicuous carpels. Compared to the delicate appearance of the pedicels and other flower parts, the carpels are large at anthesis and are eventually heavy enough to make the ripe fruits nod downward. Each follicle is slightly lumpy, and outwardly curved toward the apex, growing to about 2cm long and ultimately opening partially along the adaxial (inner) suture to reveal shiny black seeds about 2.5mm in diameter. The seeds are equipped with a yellowish, fringed aril. The precise role of this aril in the distribution or germination of the seeds is unknown. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 3 1 At Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, C. califomicum has proved to be a durable garden subject. Plants here grow both in full sun and in shady locations, but seem happiest under partially sunny conditions. In full bloom the plants are very attractive, with pure white flowers set amidst the soft, matte foliage. One distinctive clone in the Garden exhibits white flowers that become suffused medium pink with age. With a spring blooming season of about five weeks, and sporadic flowers sometimes appearing in other months, this species deserves to be more widely cultivated. The primary drawbacks to its gaining garden acceptance are the dead persistent leaves in late summer to fall, and susceptibility to freezing. Some supplemental watering in summer helps to keep the plants evergreen. Propagation is straightforward by fresh seeds in spring, or by cuttings using softwood material in late summer through fall. Crossosoma bigelovii - Of much wider distribution than C. califomicum, C. bigelovii occurs mainly in the Sonoran Desert, from Baja California through southern California to Arizona and Nevada. In California, populations grow below 1250m in canyons, and on dry, rocky slopes. This species is a shrub l-2m tall, with slightly thorny branchlets, although more lush growth may be unarmed. Excepting those produced on long new shoots formed after good rains, the 5- 15mm long leaves are typically fascicled [comma]; a feature separating it from C. califomicum. The clawed petals are 9- 12mm long and white to purplish in color. In fruit, the 1-3 follicles are 8- 10mm long and uncurved to only slightly curved. The seeds are approximately 2mm in diameter, and are produced 2-5 per follicle. Also attractive when in flower, C. bigelovii is best suited to hot, dry climates. In consideration of its rock crevice habitat preferences, the root zone should receive some protection from midday and afternoon sun. Propagation as for C. califomicum, although preferred longer shoots may be more difficult to obtain. GLOSSOPETALON A genus of about six species, ranging from California to eastern Texas, Montana and northern Mexico. This distribution encompasses the greater part of the range of the family. The plants generally occur on limestone formations between 2000 and 5500 feet elevation (Ensign, 1942). Some populations have been recorded as growing on basalt, as well (St. John, 1942). Members of Glossopetalon are intricately branched, often spinescent shrubs. In their floral morphology, the genus is distinguished from other Crossosomataceae by having fewer stamens (4-10 vs. 10-50), and sessile (vs. stipitate) fruiting carpels that are generally fewer (1-3 vs. 1-9) and smaller. The generic name is the result of the reinstatement of Glossopetalon over Forsellesia by Holmgren (1988), following the use by various authors of either name throughout the literature (Thome and Scogin 1978). The essence of the problem lies in the fact that Glossopetalon had been interpreted as a “homonym” of Glossopetalum, a genus, coincidentally enough (see below), of the Celastraceae. Furthermore, Glossopetalum was not legitimately published, and has been considered a synonym of Goupia. Glossopetalon and Glossopetalum have the same meaning, petalum being derived from the Latin for petal and petalon from the Greek; glosso- (from the Greek) indicates the ‘tongue shape’ of the petals. Glossopetalon was formerly included in Celastraceae or Staphyleaceae (Gray, 1853 and 1875, respectively). Thome and Scogin (1978), upon examination of more complete material, and in comparison with the new genus Apacheria, realized that Glossopetalon was out of place in either of these families, and assigned the genus for the first time to Crossosomataceae. Munz (1974) had cited specific characteristics indicating that this genus fit rather uncomfortably in the other families, i.e., stamens sometimes unequal, ovary apocarpous with 1-3 distinct and sessile carpels, and the follicular fruit. Additionally, Thome and Scogin (1978) cited the arillate seeds with campylotropous ovules as further characters that necessitated placing these plants in a family of their own. 32 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. In cultivation, well-grown, compact individuals of Glossopetalon species are attractive in full flower. They add interest to rock gardens and desert plantings, but since they have the general aspect of ‘just another spiny desert shrub,’ they are likely to remain in the background of horticulture. Even in the most likely botanical gardens, their appearance is only very occasional. Propagation is by fresh seed or softwood cuttings in late spring and summer. Glossopetalon pungens - This species is perhaps the rarest member of the family. Knownonly from a few populations occurring on limestone in the Clark Mountains in California, and in the Sheep and Spring mountains in Nevada at 1700-2000m, G. pungens grows amidst other interesting ‘desert island’ confinees[period] In the Clark Mountainsthese include Heuchera rubescens var. pachypoda [var. alpicola in Jepson Manual], Monardella linoides ssp. linoides, Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri, Acer glabrum var. diffusum, Fraxinus anomala, and others. The plant itself is intriguing as well with its mat-like habit and low, spreading branches sprouting from fissures on shaded, nearly vertical north-facing walls. In the vicinity one may also find Glossopetalon spinescens and at least one individual was seen here by the author and Bart O’Brien that was of ‘intermediate’ habit and leaf color, indicating that these two species may hybridize on occasion. The overall height of G. pungens is typically only a few centimeters, more rarely to 20cm tall, and up to 100cm wide. Plants observed in 1998 in the Clark Mountains appeared to spread by shoots growing through thin humus deposits in cracks in the rocks. The outer branchlets of these plants were sometimes pendent, and usually held close to the nearly vertical substrate. The oblanceolate to elliptic leaves are 6- 10mm long and rather stiff, with pungent tips, and bluish or grayish in color. Plane on the upper surface, the leaves bear several distinctively raised major veins on the lower surface. The flowers are similar to those of G. spinescens , with well-separated, delicate white petals. Glossopetalon spinescens - A widespread and variable species, G. spinescens occurs throughout most of the range for the family. It is the only other species of Glossopetalon occurring in California. St. John (1942), under G. stipuliferum, notes that this species is “One of the most common shrubs of the Grand Canyon of the Snake [River].” Several varieties have been proposed, but the variability of the plants over a very broad geographical area makes the recognition of subspecific taxa difficult (Shevock in Hickman 1993). Glossopetalon spinescens is a bushy, spinescent shrub growing to almost 2m tall, though individuals are commonly much smaller in stature. The 5- 17mm long leaves are oblong to obovate, with acute tips and inconspicuous major veins on the lower surface. This leaf vein character and absence of spinose leaf tips, as well as the presence of minute, bristle-like stipules, serve to distinguish G. spinescens vegetatively from G. pungens. Further separating these two species are the axillary (vs. terminal) flowers, rounded (vs. spine-tipped) sepals and larger fruits (3-5. 5mm long vs. less than 1mm long) of G. spinescens. Glossopetalon - other species - Under the genus Forsellesia, Ensign (1942) treated a total of eight species, including G. pungens and G. spinescens. Three of these eight species were published as new ( F . clokeyi, F. planitierum and F. texensis- see below), and several forms and varieties were also described as novelties in this paper. With remarkable speed, St. John (1942) recombined all of Ensign’s names under Glossopetalon. The remaining names treated as valid species by Ensign are G. meionandra, G. nevadensis and G. stipulifera , all three of which Holmgren (1988) treated as varieties under G. spinescens. In her studies, Ensign found that characters such as vestiture, the nature of the stipules, and leaf size and shape were more reliable traits than stamen and petal count, which had previously been assigned critical importance. In spite of the various nomenclatural changes since its appearance CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 3 3 more than half a century ago, Ensign’s revision remains the only modem treatment of Glossopetalon. Glossopetalon clokeyi - A finely branched low shrub to 20cm tall, with leaves only 5-6mm long and 1-1. 5mm wide. It grows at over 2500m elevation in Clark Co., Nevada. Glossopetalon planitierum grows in the Panhandle region of Oklahoma and Texas, and is a spinescent shrub with leaves 6- 12mm long and 2.5-4mm wide. In central Texas grows G. texensis, with rather large leaves l-2cm long and 3-5mm wide, and with the margins and veins thickened. APACHERIA Described in 1975, this monospecific genus was first recorded from the botanically rich Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona (Mason, 1975). In these mountains, it appears to be restricted to the Chiricahua National Monument, where it grows on bare north- and south-facing rhyolitic outcrops at about 1900m elevation. This species had apparently not been collected prior to the early 1970s, even though these mountains have for many years attracted the interest of botanists. In 1981, Apacheria was collected in Socorro County, New Mexico in the San Mateo Mountains, also on rhyolite, and at a similar elevation (R. Fletcher and P. Knight 5837, RSA!). This species has some characters in common with Crossosoma bigelovii, such as glabrous, highly branched stems, and a tendency to grow in rock crevices (Mason, 1975). The ‘gestalt’ of A. chiricahuensis suggests Glossopetalon pungens (R. Thome, pers. comm.). Apacheria is perhaps most closely allied to Glossopetalon, though in the original description, no comparison was made with the latter genus. This oversight probably owes mainly to the fact that at that time Glossopetalon had not been assigned to Crossosomataceae. Apacheria is distinguished by having opposite leaves and 4-merous flowers; it is otherwise similar in most aspects to species of Glossopetalon. Occasionally, the flowers of Glossopetalon may be 4-merous, as well. The solitary flowers of Apacheria chiricahuensis are borne at the ends of short shoots, with the stamens and petals inserted on the rim of the cup. Mason (1975) describes the aril of Apacheria as entire to fimbriolate vs. fimbrillate in Crossosoma-, the seeds and pollen of both species are similar overall. This spinose shrub grows to about 50cm tall, and has leaves that are entire to weakly trilobed. Besides those published in Mason (1975), original illustrations (anonymous) of the plant can be found in Crossosoma 3(4): 12 [November, 1977]. With its small flowers (petals 4-5mm long) and rather coarse appearance, Apacheria could be placed in the same horticultural category as Glossopetalon, i.e., of interest mainly to botanical gardens and collectors of arcane plants. VELASCOA The most recently discovered taxon to be assigned to the family, Velascoa recondita is also the southernmost representative of the group (Calderon de Rzedowski and Rzedowski, 1997). The type locality lies in the extreme northeastern portion of the state of Queretaro in central Mexico, near the boundary with San Luis Potosf. Velascoa is the only genus that reaches central Mexico pine-oak forests and it is not found in northern xerophytic habitats like the rest of the Crossosomataceae. This taxon is at once distinct from others in the family by its funnelform hypanthium bearing nearly sessile anthers toward the apex of the hypanthium tube. The absence of a nectary disk around the pistils is a further unique character in the family. A peculiar vegetative feature is the presence of minute cylindrical projections on the newer stems; these are arranged in four longitudinal rows and are at first hyaline, becoming blackish with age. In common with some other members of the family, this species is restricted to only a small area in nature, where it grows in secluded rocky places at about 2500m elevation. 34 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. 1977. [illustration of Apacheria chiricahuensis, Crossosomataceae]. Crossosoma 3(4):[Fall issue, 1 November, 1977: p. 12]. Calderon de Rzedowski, G., and J. Rzedowski. 1997. Velascoa (Crossosomataceae), un genero nuevo de la Sierra Madre Oriental de Mexico. Acta Bot. Mex. 39:53-59. Cronquist, A. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York. De Buhr; L. 1978. Wood Anatomy of Forsellesia ( Glossopetalon ) and Crossosoma (Crossosomataceae, Rosales). Aliso 9: 179-184. Ensign, Margaret. 1942. A revision of the celastraceous genus Forsellesia ( Glossopetalon ) [Crossosomataceae]. Amer. Midi. Naturalist 27:501-51 1. Hickman, James C. (ed.). 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Holmgren, Noel H. 1988. Glossopetalon (Crossosomataceae) and a new variety of G. spinescens from the Great Basin, U.S.A. Brittonia 40(3):269-274. Mason, Charles T., Jr. 1975. Apacheria chiricahuensis : a new genus and species from Arizona [Crossosomataceae]. Madrono 23(3): 105-108. _ . 1992. Crossosomataceae: Crossosoma family. J. Ariz. And Nev. Acad. Sc. 26:7-9. Nuttall, Thomas. 1847. J. Phil. Acad. Ser. 2, 1:150. Richardson, P.E. 1970. Morphology of the Crossosomataceae, I. Leaf, stem and node. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 97:34-39. St. John, Harold. 1942. Nomenclatorial changes in Glossopetalon (Celastraceae) [now Crossosomataceae]. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55:109-1 12. Savolainen, V., et al. 2000. Phylogeny of the eudicots: a nearly complete familial analysis based on rbcL gene sequences. Kew Bull. 55:257-309. Sosa, V. and M. W. Chase. Syst. Bot., in press. Phylogenetics of Crossosomataceae based on rbcL sequence data. Takhtajan, A.L. 1997. Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York. Tatsuno, A., and R. Scogin. 1978. Biochemical profile of Crossosomataceae. Aliso 9:185-188. Thome, Robert F. 2001. The Classification and Geography of the Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons of the Class Angiospermae. Bot. Rev. 66(4):44 1-647. Thome, Robert F., and R. Scogin. 1978. Forsellesia Greene ( Glossopetalon Gray), a Third Genus in the Crossosomataceae, Rosineae, Rosales. Aliso 9(2): 171-178. Watson, S. 1876. Proc. Am. Acad. 11:122. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall- Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 35 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FLORISTICS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: ADDENDUM NUMBER 1 Robert F. Thorne Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Avenue Claremont, California 91711 A bibliography of floristics in southern California was published in Crossosoma Volume 24, Numbers 1 and 2, 1999 (for Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter 1998). At that time, it was realized that some important references might have been overlooked, and that subsequently, many more that are pertinent to floristics in southern California would be published each year. It was hoped that at least once a year an addendum could be published in Crossosoma to bring the bibliography up to date. At this time, the following references have been gleaned from the library and literature, or suggested by members of Southern California Botanists. As in the previous publication, they are divided into Part 1 for the Entire region, and Part 2 for Literature pertinent to local areas. Part 1 - Entire Region Alden, P, F. Heath, et al. 1998. National Audubon Society Field Guide to California. A.A. Knopf, New York. 447 p. Allan, G.J. 1999. Molecular systematic and biogeographic studies of the temperate herbaceous papilionoid tribes Loteae and Coronilleae (Fabaceae). Ph.D. Thesis, Claremont Grad. Univ., Claremont, Calif. 105 p. Anderson, R.C., J.S. Fralish, and J.M. Baskin (editors). 1999. Savannas, barrens, and rock outcrop plant communities of North America. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. 470 p. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 1999. A natural history of the Sonoran Desert. Univ. Calif. Press and Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press, Berkeley, 650 p. Ashworth, V.E.T.M. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Ph.D. Thesis, Claremont Grad. Univ., Claremont, Calif. 171 p. _ . 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) inferred from three regions of the nuclear ribosomal cistron. H. The North American species of Phoradendron. Aliso 19:41-53. Bailey, R.G. 1998. Ecoregions: the ecosystem geography of the oceans and continents. Springer, New York. 176 p., maps. Baldwin, B.G. 1999. New combinations and new genera in the North American tarweeds (Compositae-Madiinae) [Asteraceae]. No von 9:462-471. Barbour, M.G. 1999. Dan Axelrod: paleoecologist for the ages. Fremontia 27(l):29-30. _ , and W.D. Billings, (editors). 2000. North American terrestrial vegetation. 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. 708 p. Barthlott, W., and D. Hunt. 2000. Seed-diversity in the Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae. David Hunt, Sherborne, England. 173 p. Beidleman, R.G. 1999 (for 1998). Lauramay Tinsley Dempster (1905-1997). Madrono 45:88-90. 36 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002). _ . 2000. Rowboat botanizing with Willis Jepson on the Colorado River, 1912. Fremontia 28(2— 4):3-12. Bell, C.D., R. Patterson, and L.A. Hamilton. 1999. Sectional integrity in Linanthus {Polemoniaceae): a molecular phylogeny of Section Dianthoides. Syst. Bot. 24:632-644. Benjamin, R.K. 1999 (for 1998). Dedication: Robert Folger Thome. Madrono 45:ii— iii. Bossard, C.C., J.M. Randall, and M.C. Hishovsky. 2000. Invasive plants of California’s wildlands. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 360 p, illus., 1 map. Bowers, J.E. 1993. Shrubs and trees of the southwest deserts. Southwest Parks and Monuments Assoc., Tucson, Ariz. 140 p. Boyd, S. 1987. Habitat parameters of Mahonia nevinii (Gray) Fedde (Berberidaceae). Tech. Report No. 3, Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard., Claremont, Calif. _ . 1996. Review: The Cruciferae of continental North America: systematics of the mustard family [Brassicaceae] from the Arctic to Panama by Reed C. Rollins. Madrono 43:342-343. _ . 1998. Ownership of the Pomona College Herbarium formally transferred to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Taxon 47:515. Brayshaw, T.C. 1996. Plant collecting for the amateur. Roy. British Columbia Mus., Victoria, BC, Canada. 43 p. Brenzel. K.N. (editor). 2001. Sunset western garden book. Sunset Publ. Corp., Menlo Park, Calif. 768 p. Bright, W. 1998. 1500 California place names: their origin and meaning, (revised version of 1000 California place names by E.G. Gudde., 3rd ed.) Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 170 p, 1 map. Brock, J.H., M. Wage, P. Pysek, and D. Green, (editors). 1997. Plant invasions: studies from North America and Europe. Backhuys Publ., Leiden. 223 p. Brown, D.E., F. Reichenbacher and S.E. Franson. 1998. A classification of North American biotic communities. Univ. Utah Press, Salt Lake City. 141 p. and map. Brown, J.H., and M.V. Lomolino. 1998. Biogeography. 2nd ed. Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland, Mass. 671 p. Brown, V. 1999. The Californian wildlife region, 3rd rev. and expanded ed. Naturegraph Publ., Happy Camp, Calif. 301 p. Burwell, T. 1999 (for 1998). Successional patterns of the lower montane treeline, eastern California. Madrono 45:12-16. California Coastal Commission. 1991. The California Coastal resource guide. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 384 p., illus., 155 maps. _ . 1997. California coastal access guide. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles. 304 p. California Institue for Biodiversity. 1999. Cal Alive! Exploring biodiversity: an interpretive CD-ROM about California biodiversity. Calif. Inst, for Biodiversity, Oakland, Calif. Casebeer, M.R. 1998. Discover California wild flowers. Hooker Press, Sonora, Calif. 69 p. Cheatham, N.H. and J.R. Haller. 1975. An annotated list of California habitat types. Unpubl. Collin, P.H. 2001. Dictionary of ecology and the environment. 4th edition. Peter Copllin Publ., London. 292 p. Columbus, J.T. 1999a. Morphology and leaf blade anatomy suggest a close relationship between Bouteloua aristidoides and B. ( Chondrosium ) eriopoda (Gramineae: Chloridoideae) [Poaceae]. Syst. Bot. 23:467—478. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 3 7 _ . 1999b. An expanded circumscription of Bouteloua (Gramineae: Chloridoideae)[Poaceae]: new combinations and names. Aliso 18:61-65. _ , M.S. Kinney, R. Pant, and M.E. Siqueiros D. 1998. Cladistic parsimony analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (nrDNA) sequences of Bouteloua and relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae)[Poaceae]. Aliso 17:99-130. Conabio, etc. 1997. Suculentas mexicanas: cactdceas [Cactaceae]. Conabio, etc., Mexico. 143 p. Connelly, K. 1991. Gardner’s guide to California wildflowers. Theodore Payne Foundation, Sun Valley, Calif. 146 p. Coombes, A.J. 1992. Trees. The visual guide to more than 500 species of trees from around the world. CK Publishing, New York. 320 p. Cook, C.D.K. 1996. Aquatic plant book. 2nd ed. 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Madrono 47:116-126. Dole, J.W., and B.B. Rose. 1996. An ameteur botanist’s identification manual for the shrubs and trees of the southern California coastal region and mountains. Foot-Loose Press, North Hills, Calif. 184 p. Dozier, D. 1998. The heart is fire. The world of the Cahuilla Indians of southern California. Heyday Books, Berkeley, Calif. 159 p. Edwards, S.W. 2001. Notes on the California chaparral. Manzanita 5(1): 1, 6-7. Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, and J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and monitoring plant populations. BLM, Natl. Business Center, Denver, Colo.477 p. Emery, D. 1988. Seed propagation of native California plants. Santa Barbara Bot. Gard. 1 15 p. Ertter. B. 2000. Floristic surprises in North America north of Mexico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87:81-109 Faber, P.M. 2000. G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. 1906-2000. Fremontia 27(4) and 28(l):69-70. _ . 2000. Robert Omduff (1932-2000), treasure of the botanical world. Fremontia 28(2— 4): 25-27. Faijon, A. 1998. 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Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 234 p. Gill, D.S., and B.J. Hanlon. 1999 (for 1998). Water potentials of Salvia apiana, S. mellifera (Lamiaceae), and their hybrids in the coastal sage scrub of southern California. Madrono 45:141-145. Givnish, T.J., and K.J. Sytsma, (editors). 1997. Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 621 p. Govaerts, R., and D.G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales (Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae and Ticodendraceae). Royal Bot. Gard., Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom. 407 p. _ , _ , and A. Radcliffe-Smith, (editors). 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (with Pandaceae). 4 vols. Royal Bot. Gard., Kew. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, U.K. Green, L.R. 1981. Burning by prescription in chaparral. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southw. Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Calif. 36 p. Grant, V. 2001. A guide to understanding recent classifications of the family Polemoniaceae. Lundellia 4: 12-24. Grey-Wilson, C. 2000. Poppies, a guide to the poppy family in the wild and in cultivation [Papaveraceae]. Rev. ed. Timber Press, Portland, OR. 256p. Grinnell, F., Jr. 1917. The discontinuous distribution of some plants. Lorquinia 1(1 1):8 1 -82. _ . 1917. New plant records: Monardella macrantha Gray [Lamiaceae], Zauschneria viscosa Moxley [Onagraceae], Calochortus invenustus var. montanus Parish [Calochortaceae]. Lorquinia 2(2): 13. Gudde, E.G. 1998. California place names: the origin and etymology of current geographical names, 4th ed. rev. by W. Bright. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 467 p, 1 map. Hamilton, C.W. 2002. Robert F. Thome-recipient of the 2001 Asa Gray Award. Syst. Bot. 27:1-3. Harris, J.G, and M.W. Haris. 1997. Plant identification terminology. An illustrated glossary. Spring Lake Publishing. 197 p. Hart, C. 1916. The genus Quercus in California [Fagaceae] Lorquinia 1(3): 1 8—2 1 , Harter, J. 1998. 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The genus Clematis [Ranunculaceae] Magnus Johnsons Plantskola AB and Bengt Sunstrom, Sodertalje, Sweden. 896 p. Johnson, T. 1999. CRC ethnobotany desk reference [Herbal guide]. CRC Press, New York. 1213 p. Jones, B.S., (editor). 1998. The complete writings of Kate Sessions in California Garden, 1909-1939. San Diego Floral Assoc., San Diego, Calif. 183 p. Jones, W., and C. Sacamano. 2000. Landscape plants for dry regions: more than 600 species from around the world. Fisher books, Tucson, Ariz. 366 p. Keator, G. 1994. Complete garden guide to the native shrubs of California. Chronicle Books. 320 p., 60 figs. _ . 1990. Complete garden guide to the native perennials of California. Chronicle Books, 228 p. _ . 2001. What is chaparral? Manzanita 5(1):4. Keeley, J.E. 1997. Absence of nascent inflorescences in Arctostaphlos pringlei [Ericaceae] Madrono 44: 109-1 1 1 . _ , and T. Scott, (editors). 1995. Brushfires in California: ecology and resource management. Intematl. Assoc. 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Office, Washington, D.C. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 4 3 and A. Gray. 1857a. Report on the botany of the expedition, p. 1 15-132, pi. 1-10. In U.S. Army Pacific Railroad Surveys. Exploration and surveys for a railroad route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Route on the forty-first parallel of north latitude, under the command of Lieut. E.G. Beckwith, third artillery; and Route near the thirty-eight and thirty-ninth parallels of north latidtude, under the command of Capt. J.W. Gunnison, corps of topographical engineers. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, D.C. _ , and _ . 1857b. Report on the botany of the expedition, p. 157-178, pi. 1-10. In U.S. Army Pacific Railroad Surveys. Exploration and surveys for a railroad route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Route near the thirty-second parallel of north latitude, under the command of brevet captain John Pope, corps of topographical engineers. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, D.C. Tulig, M. 2001 (for 2000). Morphological variation, distribution and taxonomy in perennial Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae [now Veronicaceae]. Crossosoma 26( 1):1— 6. University of California Berkeley Digital Library Project. 2000. CalFlora. Website: http:www.calflora.org Vasey, M.C., and V.T. Parker. 1999. Nascent inflorescences in Arctostaphylos pringlei [Ericaceae]: response to Keeley and Wells. Madrono 46:51-54. Vendlinski, T. 2000. California’s vernal pools: accomplishments and conservation strategies. Fremontia 27(4): and 28(1): 19-27. Vorobik, L.A. 2000. Left brain, right brain: the life of a botanical artist. Fremontia 28(2-4):21-24. Wasowski, S., and A. Wasowski. 2000. Native landscaping from El Paso to L.A. Contemporary Books, Chicago, Ill. 184 p. Watson, L., and M.J. Dallwitz. 1994. The grass genera of the world, 2nd ed [Gramineae (Poaceae)]. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom. 1081 p. Webster, G.L., and C.J. Bahre, (editors). 2001. Changing plant life of La Frontera: observations on vegetation in the United States/Mexico borderlands. Univ. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 260 p. Wells, P.V. 1999. Nascent inflorescences in Arctospaphylos pringlei [Ericaceae]: response to Keeley. Madrono 46:49-50. _ . 2000. The manzanitas of California: also of Mexico and the world [Ericaceae], Author, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.151 p. Welsh, S.L. 1998. John Charles Fremont botanical explorer. Missouri Bot. Gard. Press, St. Louis, MO. 450 p. Wheelwright, E.G. 1974, Medicinal plants and their history. Dover Publ., New York. 288 p. White, S.L. 2000 (for 1999). Editorial: SCB commends field botanists for significant discoveries. Crossosoma 25(2):42-43. Wilson, K.L., and D.A. Morrison, (editors). 2000. Monocots: systematics and evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. 738 p. Wishner, C. (compiler). 2001 (for 2000). Intermountain Flora (Cronquist et al. 1972-1997): Table of contents and index to families. Crossosoma 26(1): 17—26. _ . (compiler). 2001 (for 2000). Index and bibliography of Crossosoma. Volume 1 through 26, 1975-2000. Crossosoma 26(2):29-52. 44 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. Part 2 - Literature Pertinent to Local Areas Anderson, R.S., and B.F. Byrd. 1999 (for 1998). Late-Holocene vegetation changes from the Las Flores Creek coastal lowlands, San Diego County, California. Madrono 45: 171-182. Banks, D.L., and S. Boyd. 1999 (for 1998). Noteworthy collections, California: Madia madioides (Nutt.) E. Greene, Senecio astephanus E. Greene [Asteraceae], and Festuca califomica Vasey var. parishii (Piper) A. Hitchc [Poaceae]. [Palomar - Agua Tibia Mts., San Diego Co.]; Polypogon maritimus Willd. [Poaceae] [Magnesium Canyon, Riverside Co.] Madrono 45( 1 ):85-86. Bowler, P.A. 2000 (for 1999). Native and non-native vascular plant congeners [Orange Co.]: sympatric without a (natural) cause. Crossosoma 25(2):73-82. Boyd, S.. 1998. Arabis hirshbergiae (Brassicaceae), a narrow endemic from the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County, California. Aliso 17:205-207. _ . 1999. Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California. Aliso 18:93-139. (also reissued as Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Occ. Publ. No. 5). _ . 2001. Noteworthy collection of Chorizanthe parryi \ai.femandina (Polygonaceae) from California. Madrono 48(2):78. _ , and J.M. Porter. 2000. Noteworthy collection of Eriastrum hooveri (Polemoniaceae) from California [Los Angeles Co.]. Madrono 46:215-216. _ , and A.C. Sanders. 1999a (for 1998). Noteworthy collections, California: Asclepias subulata [Asclepiadaceae], Calycoseris parryi [Asteraceae], Mentzelia involucrata ssp. megalantha [Loasaceae], Sibara virginica [Brassicaceae] [Riverside Co.]; Navarettia fossalis [Polemoniaceae], Orcuttia califomica [Poaceae], Sibara filifolia [Brassicaceae] [Los Angeles Co.] Madrono 45(4):326-328. _ , and _ . 1999b. Noteworthy collections of Dicentra chrysantha (Papaveraceae)[Coso Range, Inyo Co.], Euphorbia abramsiana (Euphorbiaceae)[Providence Mtns, San Bernardino Co.], and Holocarpha heermannii (Asteraceae) [Liebre Mtns, Los Angeles Co.] from California. Madrono 46(2): 1 12. Bramlet, D., and S. Boyd. 1997. A botanical assessment of the Lake Hughes OHV Trail, Saugus Ranger District, Angeles National Forest, California. Prepared for W.J.Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1998a. A monitoring report for Orobanche valida ssp. valida [Orobanchaceae] in the Angeles National Forest. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1998b. A monitoring report for Eriogonum microthecum var. johnstonii [Polygonaceae] in the Angeles National Forest. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1998c. A botanical assessment of the Maple Canyon sediment placement site revegetation .project, Tujunga Ranger District, Angeles National Forest, California. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1998d. A botanical assessment of the Little Tujunga Canyon Arundo [Poaceae] eradication project, Tujunga Ranger District, Angeles National Forest, California. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , S. White, and S. Boyd. 1998. A botanical assessment of the Highway 39 improvement project. Crystal Lake to Highway 2, Angeles National Forest, California. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. Braunton, E. 1906. Trees and flowers of Pasadena.P.75-76. In “Souvenir of the Tournament of Roses by the Pasadena Star. Jan. 1, 1906.” CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 4 5 Brooks, M.L. 1999. Alien annual grasses [Poaceae] and fire in the Mojave Desert. Madrono 46( 1 ): 1 3—19. Cates, R.B. 1995. Joshua Tree National Park. A visitor’s guide. Live Oak Press, Chatsworth, Calif. 101 p. Coachella Valley Evening High School, Nature Study Classes. 1951. A key to the plants and places of interest in the Coachella Valley. Dept. Adult Education, Coachella Valley Union High School District. 65p. Dale, N. 1986. Flowering plants. The Santa Monica Mountains, coastal chaparral regions of southern California. Capra Press, Santa Barbara, Calif., in cooperaion with California Native Plant Society 239 p. Dallman, P.R. 1999. A spectacular bloom of annuals in Death Valley. Fremontia 27(1):3— 7. Digonnet, M. 1999. Hiking Death Valley. A guide to its natural wonders and mining past. Quality Books, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif. 542 p., maps. Dorsett, D.K., C.E. Jones, and J.H. Burk. 2001. The pollination biology of Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum (Polemoniaceae), an endangered plant. Madrono 48(4):265— 27 1 . Follette, W.T., and D. Smith. 1999. Death Valley in spring, 1998. Fremontia 27( 1):8— 1 1. Grinnell, F., Jr. 1917. Some interesting plants from the San Gabriel Mountains. Lorquinia 2(3):2 1— 22. Hall, C.A., Jr., (editor). 1991. Natural historyof the White-Inyo Range, eastern California. Univ. Calif. Press, Los Angeles. 536 p, map. Haller, J.R., S. Junak, and E.L. Schneider. 1998. The California Channel Islands: a continental archipelago with a remarkable flora, pp. 19-22. In D.H. Touchell, and K.W. Dixon (editors), Conservation into the 21st Century, Proc. of the 4th Intern. Bot. Gard. Conservation Congress, Extended Program. Perth, Australia. Harrison, J.E., R.A. Erickson, and F.M. Roberts, Jr. 1999 (for 1998). Noteworthy collection, California: Quercus engelmannii Greene [Fagaceae][San Joaquin Hills, Orange County]. Madrono 45:85. Hartman, S.L. 1997. Anza Borrego wildflowers. A nature based CD-Rom for Windows. Hartman Multimedia, Reseda, Calif. _ . 1999a. Joshua Tree National Park wild flowers. A nature based CD-ROM for Windows. Hartman Multimedia, Reseda, Calif. _ . 1999b. Death ValleyWildflowers. A nature based CD-ROM for Windows. Hartman Multimedia, Reseda, Calif. Huffman, M. 1998. Wild heart of Los Angeles. The Santa Monica Mountains. Roberts Rinehart Publ., Niwot, Colorado. 195 p. Hunt, C.B. 1975. Death Valley. Geology, ecology, archaeology. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, Calif. 234 p., maps. Jones, C.E., L.C. Colin, T.R. Ericson, and D.K. Dorsett. 1999 (for 1998). Hybridization between Cercidium floridum and C. microphyllum (Fabaceae) in California [Whipple Mts. Area, San Bernardino Co.]. Madrono 45:1 10-1 18. Jones, W. 1995. Phytogeographic study of the lower white fir-pinyon to pinyon-juniper woodlands transition in the Clark, New York and Spring-Potose mountain ranges, eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada. M.A. Thesis, Calif. State Univ., Los Angeles. 510 p. Publ. In University Microfilms, Inc. (UMI). 46 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. _ . 1996. White fir-pinyon woodlands of the eastern Mojave desert: a synopsis of current knowledge and geomorphological controls affecting their distribution. In Punctuated Chaos in the Northeastern Mojave Desert, San Bernardino Co. Mus. Assoc. Quart. 43(1, 2): 39-44. Keeley, J.E. 1996. Postfire vegetation recovery in the Santa Monica Mountains under two alternative management programs. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 95:103-1 19. Langer, S.K. 1999. Pinyon pines of the New York Mountains [San Bernardino Co.][Pinaceae]. Fremontia 27(3 ):24. Lawrence, J. 2001 . Wild L.A. A celebration of the natural areas in and around the city. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, Calif. 192 p. Lichvar, R.W., W.E. Spencer and J.E. Campbhell. 1999 (for 1998). Distribution of winter annual vegetation across environmental gradients within a Mojave Desert play a. Madrono 45:231-238. Lindsay, L., and D. 1998. The Anza-Borrego desert region. A guide to the state park and adjacent areas of the western Colorado Desert, 4th ed. Wilderness Press, Berkeley. 258 p., map. Lyman, J.C., and N.C. Ellstrand. 1999 (for 1998). Relative contribution of breeding system and endemism to genotypic diversity: the outcrossing endemic Taraxacum califomicum [San Bernardino Mts., San Bernardino Co.] vs. the widespread apomict T. officinale (sensu /<2to)[Asteraceae]. Madrono 45:283-289. Marsden, K.L., and M.G. Simpson. 1999. Eryngium pendletonensis (Apiaceae), a new species from southern California [Camp Pendleton, San Diego Co.]. Madrono 46(l):61-64. Martin, T.D. 1983. Santa Catalina Island. The story behind the scenery. KC Publ., Las Vegas, NV. 48 p. McKenney, R.E.B. 1901. Notes on plant distribution in southern California [Orange Co.]. Bot. Centralbl. Beiheft 10:166-178. Mensing, S.A. 1999 (for 1998). 560 years of vegetation change in the region of Santa Barbara, California. Madrono 45: 1-1 1 . Moxley, G.L. 1917. A vacation trip [plants seen in Los Angeles Co.]. Lorquinia 2(4):26-28. Muns, B. 1999. Flora of the Bolsa Chica Marsh [Orange Co.]. (Revised from 1983). Author, Arcadia, Calif. 20 p. _ . 1999. Santa Monica Mountains flora: a check list. (Revised from 1983). Author, Arcadia. 52 p. Nyerges, C. 1998. Enter the forest. A guidebook to the Angeles National Forest. Survival News Service, Eagle Rock, Calif. 151 p. Provance, M.C., A.C. Sanders, V. Soza, S. Boyd, D. Bramlet, and A.L. Wolf. 2001. Noteworthy California collections: Ambrosia pumila [Asteraceae], Koeleria phleoides [Poaceae] and Quercus palmeri [Fagaceae] [Riverside Co.], Erodium malacoides [Geraniaceae], Dicoria canescens [Asteraceae] and Monardella pringlei [Lamiaceae][San Bernardino Co.], and Nama stenocarpum [Hydrophyllaceae] [Orange Co.]. Madrono 47(2): 139-141. Rae, C., and J. McKinney. 1999. Mojave National Preserve. A visitor’s guide. Olympus Press, Santa Barbara, Calif.239 p. Riefner, R.E., Jr., J. Tiszler, and S. Boyd. 2000 (for 1999). Noteworhy collection, California: Navarretia mellita, Polemoniaceae [Santa Monica Mtns., Ventura Co.]. Crossosoma 25(2):83-84. Roberts, F.M., Jr. 1999 (for 1998). Noteworthy collection, California: Quercus cedrosensis [Fabaceae][Otay Mtn., San Diego Co.] Madrono 45(4):326. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 4 7 _ . 1998. A checklist of the vascular plants of Orange County, California, 2nd Ed. F.M. Roberts Publ., Encinitas, Calif. 96 p. Rojas, J., Jr. 1996. Chula Vista’s trees. Immigrants that came to stay [San Diego Co.]. Tecolote Publ., San Diego, Calif. 258 p. Romspert, A.P., and W. Presch. 1997. A floristic road guide from Shoshone to Mormon Point (Death Valley area), Inyo County, California. San Bernardino Co. Mus. Assoc. Quart. 44(2):--, Spring 1997. Rundel, P.W., and S.B. Sturmer. 1999 (for 1998). Native plant diversity in riparian communities of the Santa Monica Mountains, California. Madrono 45(2):93-100. Rutherford, C., and S. Chaney. 1999. Island plants gain new lease on life. Fremontia 27(3):3 — 5. San Bernardino Mountains Land Trust. 1999. Wild flowers of the San Bernardino Mountains. Lake Arrowhead, Calif. 40 p. Sanders, A.C., and S. Boyd. 1999. Noteworthy collections of Chloris truncata (Poaceae) [Riverside Co.], Galium parisiense (Rubiaceae) [Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego counties], and Ranunculus testiculatus (Ranunculaceae) [San Bernardino Co.] from California. Madrono 46(2): 113. Schoenherr, A. A., C.R. Feldmeth and M.J. Emerson. 1999. Natural history of the islands of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 408 p. Sharp, R.P., and A.F. Glazner. 1997. Geology underfoot in Death Valley and Owens Valley. Mountain Press, Missoula, Mont. 321 p., maps. Sheppard, P.R., and J.P. Lassoie. 1999 (for 1998). Fire regime of the lodgepole pine forest of Mt. San Jacinto, [Riverside Co.] California. Madrono 45(l):47-56. Soza, V. 2001 (for 2000). Common garden study of morphological variation in Kusche’s sandwort ( Arenaria macradenia var. kuschei) (Caryophyllaceae), a rare plant of southern California [Liebre Mtns., Los Angeles Co.]. Crossosoma 26(1):7-1 1. _ , and S. Boyd. 1999a. Eriogonum microthecum var.johnstonii [Polygonaceae] monitoring data for 1999. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1999b. Orobanche valida ssp. valida [Orobanchaceae] monitoring data for 1999. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1999c. Surveys for historical occurrences of Galium grande (Rubiaceae), Angeles National Forest. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1999d. Surveys for Brodiaeafilifolia [Alliaceae], Angeles National Forest. Prepared for W.J. Brown, Jr., Angeles National Forest. _ , and _ . 1999e. Surveys for Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia [Crassulaceae], Trabuco Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest. Prepared for K. Winter, Cleveland National Forest. _ , M.C. Provance, S.C. Sanders, S. Boyd. 2001. Noteworthy California collections: Brickellia knappiana, B. multiflora [Asteraceae], Camissonia pterosperma [Onagraceae], Comus glabrata [Comaceae], Cynanchum utahense [Asclepiadaceae], Glyceria occidentalis [Poaceae], and Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora [Solanaceae] [San Bernardino Mtns.] Madrono 47(2)141-142. Swinney. D. 1994. Glendora foothills plant checklist, San Gabriel Mountains [Los Angeles Co.]. Theodore Payne Foundation, Sun Valley, CA. 65 p. Temple, P.J. 2000 (for 1999). Plants of Sycamore Canyon Park, Riverside, California. Crossosoma 25(2):45-70. 48 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. Tenbrink, V.L., R.D. Quinn, and G.C. Carlton. 1999. Understory vegetation of a southern California black walnut ( Juglans califomica ) woodland [Juglandaceae] [Los Angeles Co.]. Crossosoma 25(1): 1-8. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998a. Recovery plan for the pedate checkermallow ( Sidalcea pedata ) [Malvaceae] and the slender-petaled mustard ( Thelypodium stenopetalum ) [Brassicaceae] [San Bernardino Mts., San Bernardino Co.]. Reg. 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Portland, Ore. 68 p. _ . 1998b. Draft recovery plan for six plants from the mountains surrounding the Los Angeles Basin, California [Astragalus brauntonii (Fabaceae), Pentachaeta lyonii (Asteraceae), Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens, D. c. ssp. ovatifolia, D. verityi, and D. abramsii ssp. parva (Crassulaceae)] [Los Angeles, Ventura, and Orange counties]. 55 p. CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 4 9 NOTEWORTHY COLLECTION - CALIFORNIA Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly (Cyperaceae) New to Southern California. Richard E. Riefner, Jr., 17554 Vandenberg-14, Tustin, CA 92780, STEVE BOYD, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, and ROY J. SHLEMON, R.J. Shlemon and Associates, Inc., P.O. Box 3066, Newport Beach, California 92659-0620. Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly, Engelmann’s spike- rush, is a native annual that has not been recorded previously from southern California, and has been omitted from important treatments of the Cyperaceae (Munz, 1974, A Flora of Southern California, University of California Press). Herein, we report the first known records of this taxon in southern California, and describe its habitat and associated species. Riverside Co., open land, Paloma Valley, locally common, growing with species of Cressa, Epilobium, Juncus , Polypogon, and Psilocarphus in seasonally- ponded closed depressions underlain by the Yokohl and Porterville soils, T6S R3W Sections 13/24 UTM 1 IS, 0486427 x 3722219, alt. 1,480 ft, U.S.G.S 7.5’ Quadrangle Romoland, 15 Oct 1998, Riefner 98-522 (RSA), and growing in seasonally-inundated swales underlain by the Yokohl soils with species of Eleocharis , Lolium , Lythrum, Polypogon , Rumex , and Xanthium, T6S R3W Sections 10/11, UTM 1 IS, 0484491 x 3723835, alt. 1,475 ft., U.S.G.S 7.5’ Quadrangle Romoland, 16 Dec. 2001, Riefner 01-775 (RSA). Menifee Valley, uncommon, found in a constructed flood control ditch with species of Cyperus and Leptochloa in close proximity to Yokohl and Porterville soils, T6S R3W Section 3, UTM 1 IS, 0483619 x 3727067, alt 1,466 ft., U.S.G.S 7.5’ Quadrangle Romoland, 16 Dec. 2001, Riefner 01-777 (RSA). Previously, Engelmann’s spike-rush was considered to be a separate taxon, E. engelmannii Steudel, occurring in muddy places from Washington to Mariposa County, California, in Idaho, Manitoba, Texas, and east to New Jersey (Abrams, 1940, Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States, Standford University Press). Another flora reports its occurrence in the Sierra Nevada, Mariposa to Plumas cos.. Lake Co., the Modoc Bateau, the Central Valley of California, and throughout temperate North America (Munz and Keck, 1959, A California Flora and Supplement, University of California Press). Tucker (1993, Eleocharis, pp. 1140-1143, in Hickman, ed.. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, University of California Press) cites a similar range, mostly at elevations below 2,600 m, but does not include the Central Valley. In California, E. obtusa var. engelmannii occurs in wet or poorly drained soils associated with several plant communities, including yellow pine forests, the margins of ponds and lakes, meadows, and marshes (Mason, 1957, A Flora of the Marshes of California, University of California Press, Berkeley; Munz and Keck, loc. cit.). However, it was not listed as a component of the meadows of the Sierra Nevada (Ratliff, 1985, Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California: State of Knowledge, USDA, General Technical Report PSW-84, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley). In western Riverside County, E. obtusa var. engelmannii was collected in seasonally ponded, hydrologically isolated closed depressions and swales, and a ditch, that are perched above the regional water table, and not in permanent or semi -permanent ponds or marshes. Accordingly, E. obtusa var. engelmannii was not included in the regional list of species associated with the vemal pools of southern California’s inland valleys (Bauder and MacMillan, 1996, in Witham et al., eds. Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vemal Pool Ecosystems, California Native 50 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. Plant Society, Sacramento; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998, Vernal Pools of Southern California Recovery Han, Portland). Other more common spike-rushes of southern California that are associated with vernal pools and moist depressions, which are floristically similar to the Riverside County habitats, include: E. acicularis (L.) Roemer & Schultes, E macrostachya Britton, and E. montevidensis Kunth. Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii is easily distinguished from these species and other spike-rushes that occur in southern California by: a fibrous-rooted annual versus a rhizomed perennial habit; an oblong-cylindrical to ovate spikelet with an obtuse to acute tip, and mostly brown achenes; generally a 2-branched style and 2-sided fruits; a flat broad tubercle that covers the top of the achene (the base not narrowed), which is <1/4 the length of the fruit body; and perianth bristles that generally are less than, or at most equal to the fruit. ’ Eleocharis obtusa var. obtusa, the blunt spike-rush, has a distribution and range of habitats similar to those of var. engelmannii (Tucker, 1993, loc. cit.). It is a troublesome weed in the water-seeded rice fields of northern California (Agricultural Extension Service, 1978, Growers Weed Identification Handbook, Publication 4030, University of California, Oakland). The var. obtusa is easily separated from var. engelmannii by its oblong to rounded spikelet with an obtuse tip, a tubercle that is 1/3 to 1/2 the length of the achene, and perianth bristles that are generally greater in length than the fruit. In the western states, these two varieties tend to intergrade, whereas in the east E. obtusa var. engelmannii may be readily separated by its paler, more elongate spikelets, and its low tubercule on the achene (Mason, 1957, loc. cit). In Riverside County, E. obtusa var. engelmannii has dark, rounded spikelets with an obtuse tip, which is generally more typical of E. obtusa var. obtusa (compare the illustrations in Abrams, 1940, loc. cit.), therefore the achenes must be closely examined in order to make accurate determinations and separate these varieties. In the Paloma and Menifee Valley areas, E. obtusa var. engelmannii is locally abundant in internally drained, highly disturbed depressions. It should be sought at additional localities, including habitats that are less well known for the taxon such as vernal pools. Vernal pools have not been mapped previously for this region of western Riverside County (Bauder and MacMillan, 1996, loc. cit.). Other species associated with E. obtusa var. engelmannii in these surficial depressions include: Amaranthus albus L., Ammannia robusta Heer & Regel, Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub., Chenopodium berlandieri Moq., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cressa truxillensis Kunth, Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., Distichlis spicata (L.) E. Greene, Epilobium pygmaeum (Speg.) P. Hoch & Raven, Eragrostis mexicana (Homem.) Link ssp. mexicana, Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Benth., Juncus bufonius L. var. bufonius, Leptochloa uninervia (C. Presl) A. Hitchc. & Chase, Lolium perenne L., Lythrum hyssopifoliumL., Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov., Petunia parviflora A.L. Juss., Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Plagiobothrys sp.. Polygonum arenastrum Boreau, Psilocarphus brevissimus Nutt. var. brevissimus, Rumex crispus L., Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey, and Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell. Recently, another more northern taxon, Psilocarphus tenellus Nutt. var. globiferus (DC.) Morefield, was collected in Riverside County, near Winchester (Boyd and Ross, 1996, Madrono 43(2): 334). This taxon also inhabits vernal pools and moist depressions, and was presumed previously to reach its southern limit of range in the Central Valley (Morefield, 1993, Psilocarphus, pg. 329, in Hickman, ed., The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, University of California Press). Therefore, it is not completely surprising to find £. obtusa var. engelmannii in western Riverside County. The Paloma and Menifee Valley regions of western Riverside County are characterized by a gently rolling to almost flat landscape that has a long history of agriculture. Boulder-strewn hillsides, and other rocky areas that have escaped the plow are vegetated mostly with mixed chaparral dominated by Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Am. and Ceanothus spp., or coastal CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 5 1 sage scrub dominated by Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. The soil survey for western Riverside County (Knecht, 1971, USDA Soil Conservation Service) maps the Yokohl and Poterville soil series as typical of areas with seasonally-ponded habitats that support E. obtusa var. engelmannii. The Yokohl soil series consists of well-drained loams, underlain by a hardpan, that form on old alluvial fans and terraces. The Porterville series are well-drained clay-rich soils found on alluvial fans. Both soils developed in alluvium derived from predominately basic igneous materials, and they often occur together (Knecht, 1971, loc. cit.). The Yokohl soils are well known in the Central Valley for assemblages of mima mounds and vernal pools (Holland and Dains, 1990, in Ikeda and Schlising, eds.. Vernal Pool Plants: Their Habitat and Biology, Studies from the Herbarium, No 8, California State University, Chico; Smith and Verrill, 1996, in With'am et al., eds.. Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems, California Native Plant Society, Sacramento; Holland, 2000, Fremontia 27/28: 28-32). These soils may be an important potential resource for the recovery of vernal pool biota that has been overlooked previously in southern California (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998, loc. cit). Soil-landform relationships similar to the old alluvial fans seen in the Paloma and Menifee Valley regions of western Riverside County have been long documented in the Central Valley (Arkley, 1962, The Geology, Geomorphology, and Soils of the San Joaquin Valley in the Vicinity of the Merced River, California, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 182; Shlemon, 1967, Landform-Soil Relationships in Northern Sacramento County, California, Berkeley, University of California, Ph.D. dissertation; Shlemon, 1972, The Lower American River Area, California: A Model of Pleistocene Landscape Evolution, Association of Pacific Coast Geographers Yearbook, v. 34; Harden and Marchand, 1977, The Soil Chronosequence of the Merced River Area, in Singer, ed.. Soil Development, Geomorphology, and Cenozoic History of the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley and Adjacent Areas, California, Soil Science Society of America-Geological Society of America Guidebook). The clay-rich soils of these alluvial fans, generally -100 ka or older, typify the long-abandoned distributaries associated with distal fans in the Central Valley, and pedogenic clay is now superimposed on the underlying parent material that forms the dark-colored argillic and silcrete horizons typical of this vernal pool topography. The soil-geologic formation-landform relationships associated with PI eis toe ene climatic change and alluvial fans have been thoroughly studied and identified in California, and are used to organize the landscape into orderly, repeatable patterns (Shlemon, 1967, loc. cit.). Regional correlation of soils and landforms thus provides a reliable methodology to predict the occurrence of ephemeral wetland types, and to establish a hierarchical framework for classifying and evaluating the geodiversity and biodiversity of vernal pool landscapes (Smith and Verrill, 1996, loc. cit). In southern California, many biologists still rely on the utilitarian USDA soil-mapping for study, rather than polygenetic soil-landform relationships, and therefore, have overlooked many important ephemeral wetland habitats and their associated, and often poorly known biota. 52 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. BOOK REVIEWS Two New Books about Lichens: Lichens of North America — by Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Duran Shamoff, and Stephen Shamoff. 2001. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 819 pages. $69.95, L 50. ISBN 0-300- 08249-5. Lichen Flora of the Sonoran Desert Region, Volume l — by T.H. Nash, HI, B.D. Ryan, C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (editors). 2002. Lichens Unlimited, Department of Botany, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 532 pages. $29.95 plus $3.50 postage and handling. ISBN 0-9716759-0-2. We are fortunate to have two exceptional books on lichens that include those in southern California appear during the past year. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus, usually an ascomycete, and a green alga or cynaobacterium. The scientific name of a lichen is actually that of the fungus; the alga is in its own genus and species, but the association follows the fungal name. Colorful and ubiquitous, lichens are largely overlooked, though they are universally admired for their bright colors and other aesthetic characteristics. Lichens of North America is a breath-takingly lovely book aimed at an amateur audience that brings lichens to life for all in a dazzling array of magnificent photographs. In an engaging and very readable manner, the 113 pages of introduction orient the amateur to what lichens are as an organism, their physical structure, how they reproduce, their colors and chemistry, where they occur, their role in ecosystems, and their geographic distributions within North America. There are a remarkable 939 color photographs of gripping beauty and there is no question that this is book that puts lichens on the map in popular American botany. A total of 1,500 species are presented or mentioned, and there are keys to genera as well as 1,050 species not requiring special techniques to identify. This represents nearly a third of the lichens reported in North America, and 804 are treated in relative depth. This book is introductory in the sense that it does not pretend to provide readers with technical taxonomic descriptions, an extensive bibliography or even the describing authorities of the lichens it discusses. Rather, it gives accurate portrayals of lichen species, gives them common names, and brings their beauty vividly forth to anyone opening the book. I have shown my copy to university students of all majors and they are immediately fascinated and page turning. For researchers with training in the field, this book is also uplifting, although it is intended for a more broad based readership. The book is limited in some senses, and I think its role as the best amateur tool in the field was clearly and deliberately the focus from its inception. When I say amateur, it is in no way meant to be derogatory, because I am certain that will this book will become a classic reference cited by everyone in the field - it is simply not a monograph, rather is accessible to a readership of all levels of training. Amateurs and enthusiasts can make significant contributions and have long been valuable to lichenology as well as botany. As in the United Kingdom and elsewhere internationally, they are a growing group that now have a superb tool treating all of North America. The lack of the describing authorities means that those wanting to cite them must look elsewhere, the limited bibliography is not a problem for lichenologists but could be for others not familiar with the literature of lichenology, and the distribution maps and discussion could have included world-wide, rather than solely North American patterns - as do most technical treatments. A few of my favorite genera and species are omitted, and I appreciate a conservative approach to generic recognition in at least one case, i.e., that of viewing the fruticose genus Niebla as a single genus rather than accept recent, challenged taxonomic splitting. There are a few technical errors, such as a misidentification in CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002], 53 of one photograph, but it is truly outstanding overall. The intent of this book was never to be a technical tome, rather to lead novices into the fold in a delightful way. It succeeds in the fullest sense, and I have listed three other reviews below (DePriest, 2000, Hammer, 2002, and McFarling, 2002) for those wishing additional information prior to purchase. I most highly recommend this wonderful book to all, and it is perhaps the best $70 I have ever spent. This book is bound to be used as a text in lichen classes throughout North America, and it will certainly be a stunning addition to the libraries of enthusiasts and lichenologists alike. Published by “Lichens Unlimited,” the first volume in an anticipated trilogy of the Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region is a luminary technical work by 36 lichenologists, mostly from outside the United States. The Greater Sonoran Desert Region, nearly 600,000 km2 in extent, includes northwest Mexico and the southwest United States and adjacent mountain crests of Arizona, southern California and Sierra Madre Occidental. Beginning with an International Lichenological Society field trip 1989, fourteen expeditions were undertaken to collect regions of Arizona, California, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sonora and Sinaloa. As Tom Nash points out in the introduction, there are less than a dozen lichen systematists in North America, thus the taxonomic treatments in the volume are largely based upon contributions from the international lichenological community. Nearly 6000 species in over 140 genera are treated in Volume 1 . The Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region is the first to present a complete flora, including both crustose and macrolichen groups, in such a large region in North America below the Arctic. Over 70 scientists from 15 countries are conducting this enormous undertaking. In the 53-page introductory section the climate, geology, and vascular plant communities of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region are described, followed by a technical description of lichen morphology, a valuable key to lichen photobionts, lichen chemistry, standard methods of preserving collections, and generic keys. High-quality line drawings accompany the technical terminology, so that, as an example, the five kinds of cortical prosoplectenchyma with anticlinal hyphae, the three with irregularly oriented hyphae and two types with periclinal hyphae are easily distinguished. In addition to excellent diagrammatic line drawings of asci, pycnidia, and spore types, there are also a number of high quality transmission electron micrographs and light microscopic photographs. This incredible book is invaluable to those working with lichen systematics and ecology. For a specialist this book is tremendous step forward in understanding the lichen flora of an area previously very poorly represented in lichenological research, and having it written by specialists from around world make it a cutting-edge necessity for those interested in this difficult lichen flora. This book is a courageous and admirable study of a huge area of the west and southwest of North America, and is the greatest single contribution to North American lichenology in recent years. It is a unique, historic, and much needed contribution that should be owned by all University libraries. In contrast to “Lichens of North America,” the “Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region” is a consummate technical treatment. There are many very good black and white photographs clearly illustrating thallus morphology and key characters in difficult species. There are 3 by 2.7 cm distribution dot maps for many of the species, some of which are a little difficult to interpret when the dots lie along the coast or other areas with intervening boundary lines. Basionyms, type collections, recent synonyms, and citations of the relevant taxonomic literature giving complete synonymies and illustrations, are listed for each species. Each taxon is described using a consistent set of characters that is unusual and is I have seen in a monograph treating both crustose and macrolichen groups. Only scientific names are used, and world as well as Sonoran distributions are discussed. There are sixteen pages in the bibliography, and there is an index to the terminology used in the descriptions. A list of previously reported but currently excluded taxa is provided. Specimen citations are available on request, or by search at the Arizona State University’s lichen herbarium website (http://ces.asu.edu/ASULichens/) of Southwest Collection databases. 54 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002). Thirty newly described taxa appear in the book, including one new genus, nineteen new species, eight new combinations, and -two new subspecies. For lichenologists this book is further useful by having at one’s fingertips all of the recent nomenclature in the over 140 genera presented in Volume 1 . This excellent technical book is a must for lichenologists and others interested in lichens of the Sonoran Desert Region, including southern California, and Baja California. t After excitedly examining this book, all I can say is Lichens Unlimited Forever! I can hardly wait for the publication of Volume 2, and I am spurred to get going faster on my contributions to it. In the meantime, I think I’ll buy another copy of Volume 1, just to have one at home as well as at work, to save carrying a copy back and forth. Both books are attractive and appear in a hardbound format and are bargains at their respective prices. Every college and university’s libraries should have both books on their shelves. DePriest, P.T. 2001. Splendor of Humble Symbionts. Science 294:2485-2486. Hammer, S. 2002. Shedding Light on Lichens. American Scientist 90:280 - 282. McFarling, U.L. 15 January 2002. Wild About Lichens. Los Angeles Times. — Peter A. Bowler, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525 Trees and shrubs of California — by John David Stuart, and John O. Sawyer. 2001 (June). University of California Press, Berkeley (series: California natural history guides, 62). xii, 467, [1] pp., [16] pp. pis. (col.), text ill. (B&W), ep. scales, 191x123 mm, ISBN 0-520-22109-5 (HB), $45.00, ISBN 0- 520-2210-9 (flexibd.), $22.50 (orders only via www.ucpress.edu or 800- 777- 4726). [Contents: intro (format of book; classification; nomenclature; use of book; forests, woodlands); tax. pt.; appendices (generally arranged by morphologic features; checklist of taxa); illustrated glossary; bibliography; index; biobibs.] Review previously published in Taxon 50:975-976 (August 2001), again here by permission, with minor revisions: California est omnis divisa in partes tres: NoCal, CenCal, et SoCal — Stuart and Sawyer's "Trees and shrubs of NoCal and CenCal" Whizzing around in the countryside in a car one tends to be visually impressed mainly by trees and shrubs, unless, of course, one is in what is, to many, that relatively dull vegetation type of grassland. What California has long needed is a pithy guide to its woody masses. Trees and shrubs of California attempts to fit the bill. The book is graced by 207 fine line drawings by Andrea J. Pickart and 40 mostly very decent color photos by, one presumes, the authors. These illustrations plus the clear morphological descriptions and the notes on "habitat and range" and "remarks" should facilitate identification— even from a vehicle if it is slow-moving. The 300 computer-generated thumbnail distribution maps will also help, in a general way. Finally, an illustrated glossary will clarify botanical terminology, even though it omits defining "tree" and "shrub," for which see page 4. The keys focus on vegetative features whenever possible and are mostly user-friendly except for some lapses such as into "deciduous" versus "evergreen." This distinction is not easy to determine in summertime, and thus double-keying will be necessary. Actually, the keys and descriptions are wordy, indulging in unneeded verbs and coordinate and subordinate conjunctions (e.g., a lead for Ribes: "Berries are covered with stiff spines, some of which are gland tipped. "-p. 347). However, this wordiness adds a tweely, old-fashioned charm that should ease use of the book by non-professionals. The taxa are arranged alphabetically by CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 5 5 genus among conifers, and then among "broadleaved trees and shrubs," the latter including Nolina, Washingtonia, and Yucca. In the appendicular checklist, I tallyhoed 312 taxa: 57 of gymnosperms (all trees except 2 species of Ephedra- and happily Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and C. nootkatensis are resurrected from Cupressus ), 249 of dicotyledons, and 6 of the aforenoted monocotyledons. All taxa have a "remarks" section with notes on taxonomy, ecology, and uses by man and beast. The book includes eleven widely-naturalized aliens: Ailanthus altissima, Cytisus scoparius. Erica lusitanica, Eucalyptus globulus. Genista monspessulana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rubus discolor, Salixbabylonica, Spartium junceum, Ulex europaea, and Tamarix parviflora. The handy checklist on pages 425-437 would have benefited from labeling the alien taxa (Although I once preferred to bullet endemics and asterisk aliens-see Taxon 46:186-187, 1 now prefer to use to stigmatize aliens). Stuart and Sawyer (S&S) purport (p. xi, emphasis added) to treat "essentially, all native California tree species and most common shrub species," but not "every shrub species, as there are simply too many for a compact guide." Sometimes S&S treat "1 or 2 species as representative of a genus," other times, "among large genera ... the more common species," as 13 of 56 species of Arctostaphylos, 17 of 43 of Ceanothus, 13 of 30 of Ribes, and 13 of 30 of Salix. "In general, the book has relatively complete coverage of the common shrubs found in forests, woodlands, and chaparrals [sic], but [alas] less complete coverage of the desert shrubs." Unfortunately, S&S's statements need appreciable qualification. Some trees are not treated, to wit: the native Bursera microphylla, Lyonothamnus floribundus, and Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro), or the commonly seen alien Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) — the cactus deserves inclusion as much as do the aforementioned monocotyledons. For the important genus Quercus, S&S include only 16 of the 22 species in California; Q. dumosa and Q. palmeri warranted treatment, although I can perhaps forgive omitting the three hybrid species and the insular Q. tomentella (for F. M. Roberts's Illustrated guide to the oaks of the southern Californian Floristic Province, 1995, see Taxon 47:287). The treatment of shrubs is admittedly incomplete. S&S include some uncommon or rare taxa, as Neviusia cliftonii, which was only discovered in 1992, but omit others, as Carpenteria califomica or Dirca occidentalis. The woody, viny Aristolochia califomica, Clematis spp., Lonicera hispidula, and Vitis spp. deserve inclusion along with the other native vines and scramblers treated. I also miss these non-desert, mainly southern Californian taxa: Adolphia califomica, Cneoridium dumosum, Comarostaphylis diversifolia. Coreopsis gigantea, Crossosoma califomicum, and Xylococcus bicolor. Coverage of desert taxa is extremely unsatisfactory in its omitting all cacti, all Malvaceae, all mints except eight species of Salvia, almost all chenopods (S&S treat only 4 species and 3 genera from the deserts, a.k.a. "Chenopod City"), Fouquieria splendens, Krameria spp., Romneya spp., Simmondsia chinensis, and the drumbeat goes on (Ray Cranfill informed me that S&S also omitted these desert shrubs: Aloysia wrightii, Bemardia myricifolia, Castela emoryi, Colubrina califomica, Condalia globosa, Crossosoma bigelovii, Fallugia paradoxa, Forestiera pubescens, Justicia califomica, Menodora spp., Thamnosma montana, Viguiera spp., and others). Stuart and Sawyer, respectively, a forester, and an ecologist at Humboldt State University, simply do not give southern California its just deserts. After all, S&S are based in Areata (it is not Arcadia), 751 AAA miles (1,209 km) from Los Angeles, and further yet from its deserts. What S&S have done, of course, is write a quite nice trees and shrubs of northern and central California, and it is a pity they did not do that and simply omit taxa exclusive to southern California. From the marketing perspective of the University of California Press, however, the problem is that a book bearing such a title would undoubtedly sell many fewer copies than Trees and shrubs of California will obviously sell. Actually, a very good "Trees and shrubs of southern California" dojs exist, that is, J.W. Dole and B.B. Rose's An amateur botanist's identification manual for the shrubs and trees of the southern California coastal region and mountains, and An amateur ... California deserts, both published 1996 in revised editions (previously, respectively, 1992, 1994; see Taxon 47:548, and for a review see A.P. Romspert, Crossosoma 20(2):85). S&S do not cite these useful guides. California est omnis divisa in partes tres: NoCal, CenCal, et SoCal. It would be most desirable if botanical (and other) authors recognized this fact, and 56 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. circumscribed their subject matter accordingly. Even J. C. Hickman’s (editor) The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California (1993; for reviews see R. Schmid, E. G. Voss, Taxon 42:508-510, 736-738), the team of which was (and is) centered in Berkeley, displayed considerable bias toward SoCal (or ignorance of it) in giving misleading elevations (too low), distributions (too sketchy or not extending far enough south), morphological ranges (too narrow), and omissions (aliens naturalized in SoCal). In good part, this was because most of the nearly 200 contributors were not based in SoCal, and especially because many (most?) did not exploit (i.e., consult) the rich holdings of SoCal material at RSA-holdings that Robert F. Thome and his many collaborators had assiduously accumulated over a period of three decades. California is such a diverse state in so many respects that, increasingly, it seems better to focus on its natural parts rather than its artificial whole, particularly if the latter emphasis means superficiality, which, of course, is the ever-present danger (For a historical, political treatment on the division California see M. DiLeo and E. Smith, 1983, Two Califomias: The truth about the split-state movement, Island Press, Covelo. This is about a good idea that has never borne fruition. Alas, this engaging work has not been updated.) S&S’s tree-shrub guide is portable; only 191x123 mm. The inexpensive "paperbound," actually flexibound, version should be very durable due to its pasted-in endpapers and rather stiff, plasticized cover; it thus is nearly as good as the hardbound version at double the price. Cover 4 indicates "Printed in China" and the title- page verso notes "Manufactured in China" (presumably here meaning neither Hong Kong nor Taiwan). Neither statement bodes well for the future of laborers, even very skilled ones, in North America and in Europe. In all, this is an exceptional effort, but for NoCal and CenCal, not all of California. For SoCal, the book may be more frustrating than helpful, especially in the deserts. Nevertheless, it is well worth buying a second copy of the book to keep permanently handy in one's car as one goes whizzing around. — Rudolph Schmid, Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 Second Review Trees and shrubs of California — by John David Stuart, and John O. Sawyer. 2001 (June), (see review above for additional information) John D. Stuart is Professor of Forestry, and John O. Sawyer is Professor Emeritus of Botany at Humboldt State University in Areata, California. In addition to numerous beautiful illustrations by Andrea J. Pickart, the guide has forty photographs of trees and shrubs. Two appendices (Genera Grouped by Distinctive Morphological Features and Checklist of Trees and Shrubs) precede the glossary, references and index. After covering all but five species of conifers, Stuart and Sawyer bravely tackle broad-leaved trees and shrubs, which is admittedly an impossible task for a portable field guide (The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, edited by J.C. Hickman, 1993, requires a set of handles for those botanists determined to carry it into the field.) Their selections, generally based on ranges and habitat representation, create a field guide covering most of the genera of California’s trees and shrubs. However several seldom-seen rare species (e.g. snow wreath, Neviusia cliftonii ) are discussed, while some common shrubs (e.g. greasewood, Sarcobatus vermiculatus) are ignored. Conifers and hardwoods are well described. Genera such as Salix, and shrubby genera in families such as Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, and CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 57 Scrophulariaceae fare less well. In some families, only twenty percent of the shrubby genera are described. My major problem with Trees and Shrubs of California is the lack of recognition anywhere in the preface or introduction that non-native invasive species are included in the book. Eucalyptus , Spanish broom, French broom, Scotch broom, tamarisk, tree of heaven, and gorse are labeled “naturalized” species in the text. Today these “naturalized” species are creating serious problems in parks, open space and agricultural areas. Field guides clearly differentiating between non-natives and natives have become a necessity. — Betsey Landis, Editor of Toyon Los Angeles/Santa Monica Mountains Chapter, California Native Plant Society 58 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. INDEX AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CROSSOSOMA VOLUME 27, 2001 Crossosoma, the Journal of the Southern California Botanists, Inc., starting in May, 1975 as SCB News, is now in the 27th year of the journal. A comprehensive index and bibliography appeared in the previous issue 26(2). This index for the current volume contains at least two entries, and frequently several more than that. At the minimum, authors and co-authors are indexed, and at least one key word from the title. Articles dealing with various aspects of a particular species' biology are indexed both by species name and family, and occasionally by common name, and also by recent nomenclature changes (i.e. Stipa changed to Nassella and Achnatherum ) reflected in The Jepson Manual. Species names that are indexed are also given a brief descriptive phrase to indicate the nature of the subject, for example: " Lesquerella kingii bemardina, genetic variation in.” Where articles pertain to specific locations, these locations are indexed, along with a descriptive phrase. Where such locations are in California, the county or counties are also indexed. A few other recurring items such as book reports, and annual symposium programs. In all, approximately 132 articles have appeared in Crossosoma, dealing with diverse aspects of botany in southern California, and Baja California. A bibliography of articles that appear in the current volume follows the index. These index and bibligraphic additions are being appended to the first comprehensive index, in anticipation of future website availability. — Carl Wishner, Editor, Compiler Index to Crossosoma Volume 27, 2001 Apacheria Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 bibliography, of floristics in southern California, addendum number 1, Crossosoma 27(2):35-48; and index of Crossosoma, Volume 27, 2001 Crossosoma 27(2):58-60 book reviews Crossosoma 27(2):52-57 Boyd, S. Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 competition, Erodium macrophyllum , with exotic and native species in a southern California annual grassland Crossosoma 27(l):24-27 Crossosoma Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 Crossosomataceae, a family primer Crossosoma 27(2):29-34; see Apacheria, Crossosoma, Glossopetalon, Velascoa Cyperaceae see Eleocharis obtusa ssp. engelmannii Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii, noteworthy collection, Riverside Co., Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 Engelmann’s spike-rush see Eleocharis obtusa engelmannii Erodium macrophyllum, competition with exotic and native species in a southern California annual grassland Crossosoma 27(l):24-27. family primer, of Crossosomataceae Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 Geraniaceae see Erodium macrophyllum CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. 59 Gillespie, I.G. Crossosoma 27(l):24-27 Glossopetalon Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 grassland, annual, southern California, competition between Erodium macrophyllum and exotic and native species in, Crossosoma 27(l):24-27 Hannon, D.P. Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 index, and bibliography of Crossosoma , Volume 27, 2001 Crossosoma 27(2):58-60 Los Angeles Co., Whittier Hills, annotated checklist vascular plants of, Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23. noteworthy collection, Riverside Co., Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii, Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 Puente Hills (Whittier Hills portion), Los Angeles Co., annotated checklist vascular plants of, Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23 Riefner, R.E., Jr. Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 Riverside Co., noteworthy collection, Eleocharis obtusa var. engelmannii, Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 Ross, T.S. Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23 SCB, Inc., see Southern California Botanists, Inc. Schneider Ljubenkov, J.A. Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23 Shlemon, R.J. Crossosoma 27(2):49-51 Southern California Botanists, Inc.: SCB Source and Use of Funds 2001 Crossosoma 27(1 ):29; Grant Program Progress Reports Crossosoma 27(l):24-27 southern California, grassland, annual, competition between Erodium macrophyllum and native and exotic species in, Crossosoma 27(l):24-27 spike-rush, Engelmann’s see Eleocharis obtusa engelmannii Thorne, R.F. Crossosoma 27(2):35-48 Whittier Hills, Los Angeles Co., annotated checklist vascular plants of, Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23. Velascoa Crossosoma 27(2):29-34 Wishner, C. Crossosoma 27(2):58-60 Bibliography of articles published in Crossosoma Volume 27, 2001 Gillespie, I. G. 2001 [issued August 2002]. Competition between Erodium macrophyllum [Geraniaceae] and exotic and native species in a southern California annual grassland [SCB Grant Program Progress Report]. Crossosoma 27(l):24-27. Hannon, D.P. 2001 [issued August 2002]. Crossomataceae: a family primer. Crossosoma 27(2):29-34. Riefner, R.E., Jr., S. Boyd, and R.J. Shlemon. 2001 [issued August 2002]. Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes var. engelmannii (Steudel) Gilly [Engelmann’s spike-rush] (Cyperaceae) new to southern California [Riverside Co.]. Crossosoma 27(2):49-51. Schneider Ljubenkov, J.A. , and T.S. Ross. 2001 [issued August 2002], An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Whittier Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Crossosoma 27(1): 1-23. Thome, R.F. 2001 [issued August 2002]. A bibliography of floristics in southern California: addendum number 1. Crossosoma 27(2):35-48. Wishner, C. (compiler). 2001 [issued August 2002] Index of Crossosoma Vol 27, 2001. Crossosoma 27(2):58-60. 60 CROSSOSOMA 27(2), Fall-Winter 2001 [issued August, 2002]. Crossosoma volumes and issues indexed The first four issues of the journal, comprising volume 1 and the first issue of volume 2 were called SCB News. Starting in May, 1976, the journal was titled Crossosoma. Volume numbers and issue numbers did not appear explicitly on the covers of the journal until volume 5 number 1 (1979). In some cases over the years, erroneous volume numbers, issue numbers, or dates were printed on the original covers, and some issues were undated. See Crossosoma 26(2):29- 52 for a comprehensive index and bibliography of Volumes 1 through 26, 1975-2000. Vol 27 2001 Spring-Summer 27(1) [issued August 2002] Fall-Winter 27(2) [issued August 2002] New York Botanical Garden Library O o 5185 00268 0641 Southern California Botanists, Inc. — Founded 1927 — MEMBERSHIPS, SUBSCRIPTIONS, BACK ISSUES Individual and Family Memberships in the SCB are $15.00 per calendar year, domestically (or $20.00 per year to foreign addresses). Memberships include two issues of CROSSOSOMA per year, and 5 or 6 issues of Leaflets, the newsletter of the SCB. Leaflets provides time-dated information on activities and events that may be of interest to our general membership. A subscription to CROSSOSOMAis available to libraries and institutions at the domestic rate of $25.00 per calendar year ($30.00 to foreign institutions). Back issues (Vols. 18-present) are available for $5.00 an issue or $10.00 a volume, postpaid. Prior to Volume 18, CROSSOSOMAincluded time-dated notices to the membership and was published six times a year; these back issues are $1.00 each, or $6.00 per volume, postpaid. Some back issues which are out-of-stock may be provided as photocopies. SCB SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS No. 1. A flora OF THE Santa Rosa Plateau, by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thome, 39 pp . $7.00 No. 3. Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California, Proceedings of the 15th Annual SCB Symposium, edited by Allan A. Schoenherr, 1 14 pp . $12.00 Book prices include California state sales tax, handling, and domestic postage. [Please note that our Special Publication No. 2, FLORA OF THE SANTA Monica MOUNTAINS, 2nd ed., by Peter H. Raven, Henry J. Thompson, and Barry A. Prigge, is currently out-of-print.] By request, the following article has been reprinted as a separate, with covers, and is available for plant collecting workshops: Reprint. Herbarium Specimens as Documents: Purposes and General Collecting Techniques, by T.S. Ross [from C ROSSO SO MA22(l):3-39, 1996] . $3.95 each; 10 for $22.50. Applications for membership, book purchases, or requests for subscriptions or back issues, should be sent to: Alan Romspert, Treasurer, Southern California Botanists, do Department of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, U.S.A. Make check or money order payable to "Southern California Botanists" or "SCB." Name or address corrections and requests for replacement of CROSSOSOMAssues lost or damaged during mail delivery, should also be sent to the SCB Treasurer at the address listed above. http://socalbot.org c? *1 I c«i »-*■ «!•.* K» i* ; jj *~r :*“*•; ST; : * : art 0 CO 8 ci" ct IS ~ pj flj 5 □ i “1 i*. a —• at a *j r: ;*s . 2. 03 i