CROSSOSOMA Volume 36, Number 1 Spring-Summer 2010 Journal of the Southern California Botanists, Inc. Southern California Botanists, Inc. -Founded 1927 - http ://www. socalbot. org CROSSOSOMA (ISSN 0891-9100) is published twice a year by Southern Cali- fornia Botanists, Inc., a California nonprofit organization of individuals devoted to the study, conservation, and preservation of the native plants and plant com- munities of southern California. SCB Board of Directors for 2010 President Orlando Mistretta Vice President Erika Gardner Secretary Carrie Kiel Treasurer Linda Prince Webmaster Naomi Fraga Editors of Crossosoma Scott D. White and Michael Honer Editor of Leaflets Kerry Myers Chris Barnhill Duncan Bell David Bramlet Jennifer Cogswell Elizabeth Hohertz Naomi Fraga Bart O’Brien J-Mark Porter Sarah Ratay Directors-at-large Gina Richmond Fred Roberts Darren Sandquist Allan Schoenherr Jonathan Snapp-Cook Sula Vanderplank Katie Vinzant Gary Wallace Benjamin Wilder and Justin Wood Ex officio Board Member Gary Wallace (Past President) Articles, book reviews, or other items for submission to CROSSOSOMA can be sent to the editor Scott White (scottbioservices@verizon.net) or 201 N. First Ave., #102, Upland, CA., USA, 91786. Electronic submission is preferred. Please see our website, www.socalbot. org, for format guidelines. Notices of a time-dated nature (field trips, workshops, sym- posia, etc.) to be included in the newsletter Leaflets should be submitted to Kerry Myers, Editor of Leaflets , kerrymyers@fs.fed.us, or mail to: Kerry Myers, Botanist, USDA Forest Service, 701 N. Santa Anita Ave. Arcadia, CA 91006-2725. Views published in CROSSOSOMA are those of the contributing author(s) and are not necessarily those of the editors, the membership of Southern California Botanists, Inc., or the SCB Board of Directors, unless specifically stated. Copyright © 2010 by Southern California Botanists, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to reproduce items in CROSSOSOMA, in whole or part, should be requested from the Editor. Crossosoma Volume 36, Number 1 Spring-Summer 20 1 0 Published June 2011 CONTENTS DEDICATION: Robert Folger Thorne, Ph.D. Linda Worlow 1 Calochortus fimbriatus H.P. McDonald: Observations in the central Santa Ynez Mountains of Santa Barbara County, California Fred M. Roberts, Jr Botanical exploration on the north slope of the Whipple Mountains (Southeast San Bernardino County, California), with notes and revisions to the Flora Sarah De Groot Book Review: California Plant Families: West of the Sierran Crest and Deserts. Erika Gardner 29 Cover: One of several color variants of Calochortus fimbriatus from the central Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara County. Photo: Fred Roberts «JUI\J2 7 2011 JIERTZ LIBRARY NEW YORK SOTANiCAL GARDEN A chipper Bob Thome at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 2005. Photo: J. Travis Columbus, Professor of Botany. Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 1 DEDICATION: Robert Folger Thorne, Ph.D. Curator & Taxonomist Emeritus, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden; Professor Emeritus Claremont Graduate University & Pomona College The old saw is that “Old botanists never die, they just go to seed.” Well, there’s nothing ‘seedy’ about Robert F. Thome, Curator, Taxonomist, and Botany Professor Emeritus at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, who celebrated 90 years young last July. Every week, Bob is in his office at RSABG keeping up on the literature and adding the most recent taxonomical information to his previously published An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae’j. [R. F. Thome, with many nomenclatural additions by James L. Reveal, published in 2006 by The Botanical Review 73(2): 67-182.] Bob not only continues to update his classification and bibliography of the flowering plants of the world, but also his Floras of the local San Bernardino Mountains, Santa Catalina Island, and the Sierra San Pedro Martir of Baja California. The latter Baja flora was published just a year ago and has garnered much enthusiasm not only from botanists this side of the border, but especially from colleagues in Baja California! [Vascular Plants of the High Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico: An Annotated Checklist. R. F. Thome, R. V. Moran, and R. A. Minnich. 2010. Aliso 28: 1-50.] In addition to his ‘additions’ to the Magnoliopsida classifications, Bob regularly oversees the processing of his previously uncatalogued collections. Of note, this Spring, with the support of a National Science Foundation grant, the Thome Australian collections have been accessioned into the RSA-POM Herbarium at Rancho. This is a major achievement and a wonderful addition to the holdings at RS A. An aside on the Australian specimens, Bob began those collections with the number 20, 000... just to give you an idea of the depth of his collecting, which now tops over 75,000 in total. As an author, Bob remains active. He and coauthors contributed a chapter to Terrestrial Vegetation of California. [R. F. Thome, A. A. Schoenherr, C. D. Clements, and J. A. Young. 2007. Transmontane Coniferous Vegetation, pp. 574-586. In M. G. Barbour, T. Keeler- Wolf, and A. A. Schoenherr [eds.], 2 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Bob pressing collections in the back of field vehicle, Baja California, Mexico, 1965. Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 3 Terrestrial Vegetation of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA.] During his long career, Bob, who graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. degree in botany from Dartmouth College in 1941 and who went on to pursue his graduate education at Cornell University [M.S. 1942; Ph.D. in economic botany with minor in geomorphology in 1947], has held positions at Cornell University, the University of Iowa, University of Virginia, and the University of Minnesota. In 1962, he joined the faculty of then Claremont Graduate School (now Claremont Graduate University) as botany professor, taxonomist, and curator of the RSA and POM herbaria that were located at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. He ‘retired’ in 1990. Of significance, under Bob’s tenure the holdings of the two herbaria were merged to offer a comprehensive ‘one-stop’ look at the taxa contained therein. Under Bob’s curatorship, his forward thinking saw that the herbarium was modernized and retrofitted with compacting herbarium storage that insured the ability of RSA- POM to add to its collections (focused on plants from Mediterranean regions, with extensive holdings from California and southern California, in particular). Bob, as noted above, has significant collections from all over the world — including New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island, but perhaps a more recent highlight for him was adding specimens of Scheuchzeria (Scheuchzeriaceae) to complete his comprehensive collection of all families within the state of California. This event occurred just north of Chico, California, and just prior to the Botany 2006 meetings, at which Robert F. Thome was honored by the Botany Society of America with their prestigious Centennial Award in recognition of his outstanding service to the plant sciences and the Society. A note about Bob Thome would not be complete without recounting his first encounter with the seagrass Posidonia (Posidoniaceae). In the course of a ‘chat,’ Bob might tell you about the time during WWII (in early 1944) when the B-24 Liberator aircraft on which he served as navigator was badly hit by enemy flak. The crew managed to stay aloft long enough to bale out in Allied-friendly territory over the Adriatic Sea near the island of Vis (formerly Yugoslavia, now Croatia). As 2nd Lieutenant Thome descended, he recognized Posidonia and with regret notes that it was at a depth too deep to collect after splash-down. Dr. Robert F. Thome has had a long and illustrious career, has received numerous awards for his contributions to botany, including a Lifetime Achievement Award from Southern California Botanists in 1999. His influence continues in many ways. Not long ago, Professor of Botany Lucinda McDade, and chair of the CGU 4 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Bob Thome collecting Triglochin in Siskiyou County, early 1970s, Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 5 Botany Department at RSABG, noted to her students while teaching a plant families course that Bob’s understanding of plant groupings (without benefit of the molecular evidence) most closely corresponds to what botanists now know about these relationships. Wendy Zomlefer, in the introduction to her illustrated Guide to Flowering Plant Families, notes her rationale for adopting Thome’s system for her familial work. “Thome attempts to emphasize similarities and relationships between groups rather than differences; he avoids splitting ‘natural’ groupings ... Thus, his family delimitations stress phenetic concerns, as well as phylogenetic relationships.” When I asked Bob to autograph my copy of the above text, he wrote “Wendy is a fine illustrator and a keen judge of systems of classification.” We couldn’t agree more! Here’s to you Robert F. “Bob” Thome. We thank you for your many contributions to our lives in the field and in the classroom, and we dedicate this volume of Crossosoma to you. From your colleagues and friends in botany. Linda Worlow Friend and RSABG colleague Bob in his office at RSABG with The Jepson Manual at the ready, Fall 2009. Photo: Tom Zasadzinski. 6 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 7 CALOCHORTUS FIMBRIATUS H.P. MCDONALD: OBSERVATIONS IN THE CENTRAL SANTA YNEZ MOUNTAINS OF SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Fred M. Roberts, Jr. P.O. Box 517, San Luis Rey, California 92068 antshrike@cox.net ABSTRACT: Calochortus fimbriatus H.R McDonald (syn. C. weedii Alph Wood var. vestus Purdy) is found primarily in the Santa Ynez Mountains of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California, with disjunct populations in the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Coast Ranges. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) considers C. fimbriatus a rare and endangered plant in California. This paper reviews existing collections, the California Native Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB) reports, and describes field observations made in July 2006, 2007, and 2008 to update our knowledge of this rare taxon in the central Santa Ynez Mountains of Santa Barbara County. KEYWORDS: Calochortus , rare and endangered, Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara County. INTRODUCTION Calochortus fimbriatus H.P. McDonald is a perennial geophyte originating from a bulb with a dark, fibrous coat. The flowers are usually a buffy brownish to reddish purple, often with dark markings. The face of the petal is densely bearded with yellow or dark, often bicolored hairs from the gland to the upper margin. The petal margins have a distinctive double fringe of long dark hairs. These hairs form a conspicuous dark tuft and can be nearly twice the length of those seen in C. weedii (McDonald 2000, Gerristen and Parsons 2007). Until recently (Munz 1974; Fiedler and Ness 1993; Smith 1998; Fiedler and Zebell 2002), Calochortus fimbriatus has been treated as a variety of Calochortus weedii Alph Wood under the name C. w. var. vestus Purdy. Under the former treatment, C. w. var. vestus was one of four subtaxa recognized within C. weedii , a late spring and summer blooming species found disjunctly from southern Monterey County south to the vicinity of San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Calochortus weedii var. vestus was the northernmost, and most distinctive of the subtaxa. Other characters that set this taxon apart from C. weedii include an obovate versus circular nectary, sepals that often greatly exceed the length of the petal, 8 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 and anthers with an abruptly pointed tip. These characters, in combination with geographic isolation, convinced McDonald (2000) that these plants represent a distinct species from the more southern C. weedii. Fiedler (2011) also recognizes C. fimbriatus. The common name, late-flowering mariposa, is fitting as the plant typically flowers in July and August after most other Calochortus are in fruit or have disintegrated. Calochoruts fimbriatus occurs from the Santa Lucia Mountains of Monterey County disjunctly south to the Transverse Ranges of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. It is often found on dry ridges in rocky and clay soils associated with chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and margins of cismontane woodland. Literature reports this plant to occur as high as 900 m (about 3,000 ft) (Fielder and Ness 1993; Fiedler and Zebell 2002; Fielder 2011). The Santa Ynez Mountains are the westernmost unit of the Transverse Ranges. The unit is often used as an ecological dividing point between the southern and central parts of the Californian Floristic region (Munz 1974; Hickman 1993). The Santa Ynez Mountains begin in the west on Hollister Ranch west of Gaviota Pass, Santa Barbara County, and extend east to the vicinity of Lake Casitas near Ojai in Ventura. The highest point is Santa Ynez Peak at 1,310 m (about 4,300 ft). The range is built upon granitic plutons but includes large areas of metamorphic and sedimentary rock. The vegetation of the Santa Ynez Mountains is primarily chaparral and coastal sage scrub with more mesic slopes and canyons dominated by oak woodland and bay laurel forest. There is scattered residential development, particularly along Refugio Road and just west of San Marcos Pass and the shrub cover immediately adjacent to Forest Service access roads in many areas has been cleared and maintained as fuel breaks. The California Native Plant Society added Calochortus fimbriatus (as C. weedii var. vestus) to its Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants on List 1 B in 1 994 (Skinner and Pavlik 1994). It is currently recognized as a California Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) 1B.2 (CNPS 201 1 ; CNDDB 2011). An initial review of the CNDDB and Consortium in 2006 suggested few records or collections of this species have been made since 1980. Considering the proximity of two institutions with active botanical programs, the Santa Barbara Botanical Garden and the herbarium at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the scarcity of recent collections could indicate this plant was truly scarce or that it has declined in recent decades. It could also simply indicate that Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 9 the species is under-collected and poorly documented. A contributing factor is its late blooming period peaking in July, which is generally later in the season then most botanist work. METHODS The central Santa Ynez Mountains, situated between Refugio Pass east to La Cumbre Peak, offers relatively easy access with two main routes into the mountains: Refugio Road about 32 km (20 miles) west of Goleta and State Route 154 passing over San Marcos Pass, and roads running the length of the ridge (West and East Camino Cielo). Of the Ventura and Santa Barbara collections, labels for the central Santa Ynez Mountains often supplied the most precise locations. Calochortus fimbriatus herbarium specimens were inspected at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (POM & RSA), Santa Barbara Botanical Garden (SBBG), and California Academy of Sciences (CAS). I reviewed Jepson Herbarium and University of California, Berkeley (UC) data online via the California Consortium of Herbaria (2010) website, including an image of one specimen at a high enough resolution to confirm the identification. I also reviewed data on the New York Botanical Garden (NY) website through their virtual specimen loan program. Additionally, I reviewed California Native Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB 2011) data for reports within the Santa Ynez Mountains. Collection localities and CNDDB occurrences were plotted on U.S.G.S. topographic maps using National Geographic’s Topo software in order to determine the geographic relationship between historic records. On 17 July 2006 and 5 July 2008, 1 visited specimen locations reported at Refugio Road, Refugio Pass, and along West Cielo Road, following the ridge east toward Santa Ynez Peak. On 18 July 2006 and 6 July 2007 I searched East Camino Cielo Road. At each location where Calochortus fimbriatus was encountered, I took at least one photograph of a representative plant, noted the habitat and associated species, and took a Universal TransMercator (UTM) coordinate using a Garmin GPS Map 60 unit [WGS 84]. All visible plants were counted, including those in leaf, bud, flower, or fruit. Because of its late flowering period, C. fimbriatus typically is easily distinguished from related species, even without flowers. Searches extended 10-20 m beyond the last visible individuals at the margin of a stand. Voucher specimens were collected at representative sites and deposited at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and the Herbarium of the University of California, Riverside. 10 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 HERBARIUM AND CNDDB RECORDS 1865-2005 In southern California, sensitive plant taxa (excepting taxa listed under state or federal Endangered Species Acts) are typically well represented in terms of herbarium specimens, as compared to more common taxa. For example, Calochortus weedii var. intermedius is represented by 71 non-duplicate specimens in the Consortium of California Herbaria data (2011). About 85 percent of them were collected since 1980. Calochortus plummerae is represented by 173 non- duplicate specimens from natural localities and about 60 percent of them were collected since 1980. Yet, even with increased interest and documentation of special status plants in recent years, C. fimbriatus remains under-collected in the region. A total of 21 herbarium specimens for Calochortus fimbriatus , not including duplicates, were collected within the central Santa Ynez Mountains dating prior to 2006. The collection sites were most frequent along roads. The localities for two collections {Elmer 3740 [DS, POM] and Torrey 519 [NY]) are too vague to map but presumably came from the mountains above Santa Barbara. See Figure 1 for the distribution of herbarium specimens. Most specimen locations are from East Camino Cielo Road or West Camino Cielo Road near San Marcos Pass, or on the southern slopes of the pass. Two are from the northern foothills of the Santa Ynez east of Lake Cachuma. Four are from the mountains immediately above Santa Barbara in the vicinity of San Roque, Mission, and Rattlesnake Canyons. Two specimens were collected in the vicinity of Refugio Pass and one from just west of Santa Ynez Peak. Only three specimens (K. Rich 8 [SBBG, SD, UCR], R. Gustafson 3497 [RSA], and Penkela and Ryan 13 [UCSB]) of the 21, representing about 15 percent of the herbarium specimens from within the central Santa Ynez Mountains, were collected between 1981 and 2005 (see Figure 2). Eighty-five percent of the specimens are dated between 1865 and 1966. Seven Calochortus fimbriatus occurrences are reported by CNDDB (201 1) within the central Santa Ynez Mountains, all documented by the herbarium specimens mentioned above. Most CNDDB occurrences predate 1 965. As with the herbarium specimens, only three CNDDB occurrences were dated later then 1980. The uncertainty of the collection locations is indicated on Figure 1 by rectangles of varying sizes with smaller rectangles representing higher precision. Collection dates are indicated by outline pattern. In many cases the location of the collection site is known only within one or two kilometers. This level of precision is sufficient for regional mapping and alerting botanists to consider this taxon in special status Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 11 and their relationship to observations and collections made between 2006 and 2008 in the central Ynez Mountains of Santa Barbara, California. Precision of specimen locality data is indicated by the size of the box (smaller equals more precise), and the border pattern represents the age of the collection. 12 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 plant surveys, however, it is insufficient for monitoring and conserving specific populations. Fortunately, unlike many areas of southern California, most of the historic habitat still persists in the Santa Ynez Mountains and field botanists are largely tasked with relocating historic sites versus trying to determine if they have been extirpated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the July surveys of 2006, 2007, and 2008, I encountered 45 separate C. fimbriatus locations along Refugio, West and East Camino Cielo, and Painted Cave Roads between Refugio Pass and La Cumbre Peak. The locations where plants were found were patchy but far more abundant then the scarcity of recent herbarium specimens would suggest. At one quarter mile separation (the CNDDB criterion for separate occurrences), these locations roughly double the number of currently recognized occurrences (CNDDB 2009) within the central Santa Ynez Mountains. Ten of the new or updated locations were documented with specimens deposited at RSA and UCR. Others were extensively photographed. About 1,700 individual plants were encountered. Thirty-eight locations supported fewer then 100 plants, and of these, 14 (about 35 percent) had five or fewer plants. Only four locations had over 100 plants. The largest included about 350 individuals. Typically 80 to 90 percent of the plants had at least one flower; many plants had three to six flowers; on stems 80 to 100 cm tall. About 10 to 20 percent were in bud without open flowers. Fewer than 10 plants were only in fruit. Literature (Fiedler and Ness 1993, Gerritsen and Parsons 2007) describes an upper elevational limit of 900 m (about 3000 ft) but I encountered plants as high as 1 ,240 m (about 4,060 ft) on Santa Ynez Peak in 2008. The flower color variation among plants was striking. The overall typical color was a straw-colored background with deep purplish splotches or reticulations on the outer surface of the petal. In some cases the flowers were almost rusty orange, or wine red, especially along the upper outside Figure 2: The distriubution of herbarium specimens vs. time period within the central Santa Ynez Mountains between 1865 and 2005. Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 13 margin of the petal. Several flowers were very pale yellow and one was white. See Plates 1-4 and 5-9 (center spread) for a sample of flower color variation. The hairs on the lower face of the petal were mostly yellow, with dark reddish- brown hairs higher on the petal. Dark spots were at the bases of most hairs. From a distance, on most flowers, it appeared that a dark reddish purple-brown band lined the petal margin. However, upon closer inspection, the band was composed of long, dense hairs, sometimes partially yellow. The hairs often formed a distinctive and conspicuous dark tuft at the apex of the petal similar to that of Calochortus obispoensis. Pale yellow or white flowers lacked dark hairs. In these cases, the hairs were bright yellow. Like Calochortus plummerae and C. weedii , Calochortus fimbriatus is found in openings in chaparral and coastal sage scrub, road cuts, and other open sites. Plants seen usually represent only a fraction of those present, though numbers of visible individuals usually indicate some measure of the relative numbers of plants at varying locations under similar conditions. Calochortus fimbriatus is undoubtedly found in the adjacent chaparral but generally will remain hidden until a fire or other event opens up the chaparral. In San Diego and Orange counties, C. weedii is considerably more visibly abundant following fire. At the Irvine Ranch Land Conservancy in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains, for example, C. weedii var. intermedius is typically found in low numbers over widely scattered patchy populations consisting of a few to several hundred visible individuals. In this same area, following a fire in September 1998, nearly 30,000 individuals were observed in the vicinity of Limestone Canyon; most of them were concentrated in four populations (Roberts 2009). Following a fire in October 2007, about 19,000 plants were seen in an area where previously fewer then 1,000 plants were reported (Roberts 2009). Note, however, that these large numbers of observed plants do not reflect a population increase; all of these observed flowering plants must have been present as bulbs prior to the fires. A similar pattern is expected for C. fimbriatus following the Gap Fire, which occurred in the summer of 2008 as this study was concluding. During this study, collections or observations were made corresponding to 1 2 of 13 historic records along the crest of the Santa Ynez Mountains. Along Refugio Road, Gustafson 3497 [RSA] and Muller 1228 [SBBG] likely represent the same population. Roberts 6389 [RSA] was found “about half way up the slope” in 2006 and most likely is from the same location as these earlier collections. In 2006 and 2008, C. fimbriatus was found in scattered locations along West 14 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Plates 1-4: Variations in observed Calochortus fimbriatus flowers from the central Santa Ynez Mountains. Camino Cielo within an extended occurrence from Santa Ynez Peak to about 5.5 km (3.5 mi) west of the peak. Rich 8 [SBBG, SD, UCR] was reported in this area about one mile west of Santa Ynez Peak. Roberts 6388 was collected fairly near to where Rich likely collected her specimen. Along West Camino Cielo west of San Marcos Pass, Roberts 6390 [RSA] was collected within the error rectangle identified {ox Allen, s.n. 25 Jul 1968 [SBBG]. Calochortus fimbriatus appeared to be quite sparse west of San Marcos Pass. Only Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 15 Plates 5-9: Variations in observed Calochortus fimbriatus flowers from the central Santa Ynez Mountains. one additional observation was made in the area. On the east side of San Marcos Pass, several new observations appear to correlate with historic collections, including Hoover 8364 [CAS]. At least two observed sites could correlate with Phaerson s.n., 29 Jul 1966 [UCSB]. Five historic collections were reported from the vicinity of two miles west of La Cumbre Peak to the head of Gibraltar Road. New collections {Roberts 6591 [RSA]) or observations were made that could correlate to all five. Two observed locations were on Painted Cave Road, which likely correlate with Dearing 2294 [SBBG]. 16 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 The only historic occurrence at higher elevations not relocated during this study was the location of the 1948 specimen {Balls 8005 [RSA]) collected just south of San Marcos Pass. This area is one of the more built up regions within the Santa Ynez Mountains. It also has extensive woodlands further limiting suitable habitat. However, lack of stopping points along SR 1 54 and access to private parcels may have contributed to failure to relocate the taxon at this location. In conclusion, recent observations and new collections document and update the status of Calochortus fimbriatus in the Santa Ynez Mountains. While improved mapping precision and the additional occurrences suggest the taxon is present and more widespread within its expected range than the pre-2005 herbarium specimen record would suggest, the data appears to support the current conservation status of CRPR IB. However, these observations suggest that the extension of 0.3, “somewhat threatened” as opposed to 0.2 “moderately threatened” is probably more appropriate. Keys in recent treatments (Fielder and Ness 1993; Fielder and Zebell 2002; Fiedler 2011) distinguish Calochortus obispoensis from C. fimbriatus by presence of a dark tuft of hair at the tip of the petal in C. obispoensis. However, the petals of both taxa have tufts of dark hairs. It is the relative size of the tuft to the petal and whether the tuft is associated with a fringe that distinguishes the two species. These treatments (cited above) also distinguish Calochortus fimbriatus from C. weedii, in part, by anther shape. The former is described as having abruptly pointed anthers and the latter, rounded anthers. However, about 10 to 20 percent of the C. fimbriatus flowers I observed had rounded or weakly pointed anther tips. Conversely, I have seen C. weedii var. intermedius with abruptly pointed anther tips. At least in C. weedii , the character may in part reflect the age of the anthers (Roberts and Bramlet 2007). The following key, based on Fielder (2011), will better distinguish among these three taxa and clarify the geographic distribution of C. weedii as it is now more strictly defined to exclude C. fimbriatus : 2 1 . Petals mostly < 20 mm long, apex long-tapered, long-pubescent, hair length nearly half the petal width, petal margin without a well defined fringe; petal tip conspicuously dark-hair-tufted Calochortus obispensis. 21. Petals mostly >20 mm long, apex rounded or squarish, tip conspicuously fringed with hairs, these sometimes converging into a dark-hair-tuft; hairs much shorter than petal width. Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 17 22. Petal margin fringed with 2 rows of hairs converging into a dark- hair-tuft at tip; anthers usually abruptly pointed; SCoRO, WTR Calochortus fimbriatus. 22. Petal margin fringed with 1 row of hairs; anthers usually rounded; SCo, PR Calochortus weedii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank a number of people who in some way assisted with the production of this paper. A number of herbarium staff were indispensible. Dieter Wilken at Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, Jennifer Thorsch at UCSB, Barbara Theirs at NY, and especially LeRoy Gross at RS A provided valuable information regarding specimens mostly beyond my reach. Roxanne Bittman and Kristi Lazar at CDFG provided CNDDB support. Finally I would like to thank Carol Roberts, my wife, who tolerated blistering temperatures on a July day in 2007 while inviting cool stratus waited on the coast below. SPECIMENS EXAMINED SANTA BARBARA COUNTY: J. Torrey 519, 1865 [NY 1104589; virtual loan examined Dec 3, 2009]; Santa Ynez Mountains: (A.D.E. Elmer 3740, August 1902 [DS 52775, POM 49591]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: above Mission Cyn., alt. 2,500 ft, low chaparral (R. Hoffmann s.n., 4 July 1928 [SBBG 57717, 57721]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Mountain Drive (H.W. Yoyt s.n, 11 July 1929 [SBBG 57718]; Santa Ynez Valley: 2 mi W Paradise Camp ( R . Hoffmann s.n., 19 July 1930 [SBBG 57722]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Painted Cave Rd., near El Cielo Rd. (H. Dearing & M. Dearing 2294, 24 July 1938 [SBBG 15367]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: El Camino Cielo near La Cumbre Peak ( C.F. Smith 275a, 23 Oct 1943 [SBBG 88306]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Santa Ynez Mtns.: Jesuita Trail in Mission Cyn., alt. 1,450 ft ( C.F. Smith 1098, 13 Aug 1944 [SBBG 6849, 93553]; El Camino Cielo, 1 block W of jet. with Depression Rd. (Gibraltar Rd.), elev. 3,350 ft. ( C.F. Smith 1133, 20 Aug 1944 [SBBG 87857]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: La Cumbre Pk., elev. 3,400 ft ( C.F. Smith 1151, 31 Aug 1944 [SBBG 87856]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: El Camino Cielo W of La Cumbre Peak ( C.F. Smith 1513, 19Jul 1945 [SBBG 958]; San Marcos Pass, south grade, elev. 2,000 ft, fairly open patches, sunny banks among tangled shrubs, chaparral ( E.K . Balls 8005, 19 Aug 1948 [RSA 48525]; San Marcos Pass, just east of summit, in disintegrated sandstone ( R.F. Hoover 8364, 19 Aug 1955 [CAS 456100; note duplicate UC 1296312 listed in Consortium but not examined]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Rattlesnake Cyn., alt. 1,000 ft ( E.R . Blakely 2410, 29 July 1958 18 Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 [SBBG 13982]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: upper areas of Rattlesnake Cyn. ( L.E . Allen s.n., 21 Jvl 1965 [SBBG 25480]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Refugio Pass, road edge, half way up south slope (. K.K . Muller 1228, 4 Aug 1965 [SBBG 25624]; [Santa Ynez Mtns.] east of Painted Cave Road, about 2 mi N junction with San Marcos Pass Rd., elev. 2,000ft, locally occasional with burned hard chaparral species in sandstone on south slope (, J.K . McPherson 201, 29 Jun 1966 [UCSB 21746, 22988]); Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo, 1.5 mi from St. Hwy. 154 (L.E. Allen s.n., 24 July 1968 [SBBG 30480]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo, 1 mi W of Santa Ynez Peak, scattered along dry rocky ridge (K. Rich 8, 15 Jul 1984 [SBBG 55935, UCR 58865; SD 124372]; [Santa Ynez Mtns.]: south of boy scout camp approx. 1 mile south of east end of Lake Canchuma, elev. 1,400 ft, scattered in two to three year-old bum site on gentle northwest-facing slope in rocky soil (B. Penkala & P. Ryan 13, 8 Jul 1987 [UCSB 60142]); Santa Ynez Mtns.: Refugio Rd., elev. 1 ,500 ft, uncommon in open places along road in chaparral (R. Gustafson 3497, 20 Jul 1987 [RSA 480601]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., c.a 1.2 km by road E jet. Refugio Rd. (Refugio Pass), 34°32’01”N, 120° 03’09”W (T5N R30W S7, NE/4) UTM Zone 10S 07 70 525mE, 38 25 074mN), alt. 762m, roadside on rocky clay soil in grassy openings of chaparral (EM. Roberts 6385, 17 Jul 2006 [RSA 731176]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., c.a 3.0 km by road E jet. Refugio Rd. (Refugio Pass), 34°32’27”N, 120° 01’41”W (T5N R30W S8, NE/4) UTM Zone 1 OS 07 71 739mE, 38 25 104mN), alt. 890m, at base of south-facing road cut on clay soil in grassy openings of chaparral (EM. Roberts 6386, 17 Jul 2006 (RSA 73 11 74); Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., c.a 5.3 km by road E jet. Refugio Rd. (Refugio Pass) and 3 km WNW Santa Ynez Peak, 34°31’45”N, 120° 00’36”W (T5N R30W S10, SE/4) UTM Zone 10S 07 70 525mE, 38 24 778mN), alt. 1,039m, growing on south-facing road cut on clay soil in chaparral (EM. Roberts 6387, 17 Jul 2006 (RSA 731175); Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., c.a 7.1 km by road E jet. Refugio Rd. (Refugio Pass) and 1.8 km WNW Santa Ynez Peak, [Lake Cachuma: 34°31’49,,N, 119° 59’51”W (T5N R29W Sll, NW/4) UTM [WGS 84] 10S 02 24 886mE, 38 25 028mN), alt. 1,157m, growing on south-facing slope along side, clay soil, in opening of chaparral (EM. Roberts 6388, 17 Jul 2006 [RSA 731173]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: Refugio Rd., 8.7 km by road N jet. SR 101 and 1.8kmSE Bald Peak, 34031’16”N, 120°04’31,,W(T5N R31W S13 NW/4 NE/4) UTM Zone 10S, 07 58 487mE, 38 23 624mN, alt. 520m, growing on steep, east-facing road cut in remnent coastal sage scrub, recently mowed; uncommon and patchy, 1 1 individuals here. (EM. Roberts 6389, 17 Jul 2006 [RSA 731172]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., 2.9 km W jet. SR[1]54 and 1.9 km ESE Bush Peak, 34°30’07,,N, 119°50’23”W (T5N R28W S20 SW/4 NW/4) UTM Zone 1 IS, 02 39 268mE, 38 21 151mN, alt. 799m, on south-facing road cut at abase of and along ledges of sandstone outcrop in clay soil overlain with sandy soil, in mixed chaparral (EM. Roberts 6390, 18 Jul 2006 [RSA 731169]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., 2.7 km W Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 19 jet. SR[1]54 and 0.8 km NW Laurel Springs, 34°30’52”N, 119048’11”W (T5N R28W S15 NE/4 SW/4) UTM Zone 1 IS, 02 42 677mE, 38 22 562mN, alt. 833m, gentle north-facing slope near top of hill on rocky clay in opening surrounded by chaparral {F.M. Roberts 6391, 18Jul2006 [RSA731170]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: East Camino Cielo Rd., 2.7 km by road E jet. SR[1]54 and 0.8 km NW [actually NE] Laurel Springs, 34°30’20,,N, 119°44,10”W (T5N R27W S20 NE/4 NW/4) UTM Zone 1 1 S, 02 48 802mE, 38 21 410mN, alt. 1,024m, on south- facing slope above road in grassy coastal sage scrub with chaparral elements. {F.M. Roberts 6392, 18 Jul 2006 [RSA 731171]; Santa Ynez Mtns: West Camino Cielo Rd., 0.6 km NW La Cumbre Peak, 34029’55”N, 1 19o43’02”W (T6N R30W S21 SW/4) UTM Zone 1 1 S, 02 50 507mE, 38 20 801mN, alt. 1,1 95 m, openings in chaparral. (F.M. Roberts 6541, 6 Jul 2007 [RSA]; Santa Ynez Mtns.: West Camino Cielo Rd., 0.7km WNW Santa Ynez Peak, 34°31’46”N, 119°59,07”W (T5N R30WS11 E/2) UTM Zone 1 IS 02 25 999mE, 38 24 922mN, alt. 1,238m; along road at margin of chaparral [UCR]. LITERATURE CITED Consortium of California Herbaria. 2010. Online: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ consortium (accessed Sep 2010). California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2011. Inventory of rare and endangered plants (Online edition v8-01a). Online: http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ inventory (accessed Feb 2011). Fielder P.L. 2011. Calochortus. Online Jepson Flora Project. Online: http:// ucjeps. berkeley.edu/jepsonmanual/review/ (accessed Feb 2011) — and B. Ness. 2003. Calochortus. Pages 1183-1189 in The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, J.C. Hickman ed., University of California Press, Berkeley, California. — and R.K. Zebell. 2003. Calochortus. Pages 119-141 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.), Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, New York. Gerritsen, M.E. and R. Parsons 2007. Calochortus : Mariposa Lilies and Their Relatives. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. Hickman, J.C. ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, University of California Press, Berkeley, California. McDonald, H.P. 2000. A review of Calochortus section Cyclobothra (Calochortaceae). Herbertia 55: 34-51. Munz, PA. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 20 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Ownbey, M. 1 940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 27:371-554. Purdy, C. 1901 . A revision of the genus Calochortus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science Series 3, Bot. 2: 107-158. Roberts, F.M. and D.E. Bramlet. 2007. Vascular plants of the Donna O’Neill Land Conservancy, Rancho Mission Viejo, Orange County, California. Crossosoma 33: 2-38. Skinner, M. and B. Pavlik. 1994. California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants, 5th Ed. CNPS Special Publication No 1, Sacramento. Smith, C.F. 1998. A Flora of the Santa Barbara Region, California. Second Ed. Santa Barbara Botanic Gardens and Capra Press, Santa Barbara, California. Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 21 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION ON THE NORTH SLOPE OF THE WHIPPLE MOUNTAINS (SOUTHEAST SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA), WITH NOTES AND REVISIONS TO THE FLORA Sarah De Groot Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Claremont Graduate University, 1500 N. College Ave., Claremont, California 91711, USA. sarah.degroot@cgu.edu ABSTRACT: The flora of the north slope of the Whipple Mountains has been poorly explored, in spite of its potential for some interesting discoveries. A recent trip into this area indeed yielded some noteworthy collections, which are presented here along with additions and corrections to the flora. KEYWORDS: flora, Sonoran Desert, Whipple Mountains INTRODUCTION The Whipple Mountains are located adjacent to the Colorado River in southeast San Bernardino County, California, and form the eastern-most point of the state. The highest point is a ridge on the northwest side of the range. Apparently the only botanical collections made at or near this summit or on the north slope were by John Emmel, an entomologist, who observed Arab is glaucovalvula ( Emmel 477), A. perennans {Emmel 842), Thamnosma montana, Xylorhiza tortifolia. Agave deserti and Nolina bigelovii (Emmel, field notes, pers. comm.). He also looked at an area of the north slope near the summit and noted Quercus turbinella {Emmel 475) and Keckiella antirrhinoides subsp. microphylla {Emmel 476) growing there. However, these eight taxa were probably not the only kinds of plants growing at or near the summit. For the entire mountain range, 385 taxa were documented by De Groot (2007), and a number of these plants could occur at the summit or on a north-facing ridge nearby. Although many collections have been made in the Whipple Mountains, including some near the summit, the summit itself and its north slope remain for the most part unexplored. There are several plants which could occur on the north slope of the Whipple Mountains, but have not yet been documented there. One is Berberis harrisoniana, a rare plant (CNPS List 1B.2) with about 600 individuals known in the wild at 10 sites, mostly in Arizona. It has been documented on Cupcake Butte in the northeast part of the Whipple Mountains, and there are areas of modeled potential habitat for it on the north slope (De Groot 2009). So far, no additional populations have been discovered, but there are a number of areas of promising habitat still to be searched. 22 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 The climate of the southwest deserts has been warming since the last glacial period 10,000 years ago (Van Devender 2000). Based on packrat midden fossil data, some plants occurred in the Whipple Mountains 10,000 years ago but have not been found recently — for example, Pinus monophylla, Yucca brevifolia, and Juniperus californica (De Groot 2007; Van Devender 1990). Presumably, these species moved north to cooler, more mesic areas as the Whipple Mountain area became hotter and drier. However, higher elevations or north slopes can also offer cooler and more mesic areas. Therefore, if any of these plants have relict populations in the Whipple Mountains, they are likely to be found on north-facing slopes at high elevation — for example, near the mountains’ highest elevation, 4131 feet (1259 m) above sea level. Considering that the flora of the north slope could be so interesting, botanically, why haven’t more collectors been there? Simply, inaccessibility! The north side of the summit ridge averages about a 30° slope, but some areas are steeper or even sheer cliffs. Few botanists carry climbing ropes along with their field presses. Additionally, the highest peak is deep within the Whipple Mountains Wilderness area, meaning that even its base is several miles from the nearest dirt road, and many more miles from the nearest paved road. A hike straight to the summit is about nine miles or more round trip, cross-country over sharp, loose rock on steep hills, with an elevation change of about 2,500 feet. However, curiosity got the better of me, and an all-day hike in April 2010 penetrated deep into the Wilderness area and up to the north slope at one point (Figure 1). Some of the plants found on this hike were not previously documented in the flora of the Whipple Mountains (De Groot 2007). This paper details some of the more interesting botanical discoveries, along with some notes and corrections to the flora. GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTER OF THE NORTH SLOPE The rugged nature of the north slope of the Whipple Mountains was verified on a 13-hour hike from War Eagle No. 1 Mine south into the Wilderness area. The destination was not the summit, but a cove just northeast of it (see Fig. 1), where a GIS model predicted an area of good habitat for Berberis harrisoniana (De Groot 2009). Slopes in the area were often in excess of 30°, sometimes sheer cliffs, and usually covered with loose slabs of metamorphic rock (Figure 2). The vegetation on the north-facing slope was more lush than vegetation on the south facing slope of the highest peak. Quercus turbinella and Nolina bigelovii were frequent, the former often forming small shady thickets near the bottoms of washes (Figure 3). Steep slopes at high elevations were often dominated by shrubs Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 23 War Eagle No. 1 Mine V \ * Cupcake Butte ) *% - * . mile Whipple Wash N • v Figure 1. Map of the area of the summit and the north slope. The black rectangle shows the position of the detail map within the Whipple Mountains. Dots indicate previous plant collection localities, and + indicate sites where collections were made in April 2010. The highest peak in the Whipple Mountains is marked by a white flag. Cupcake Butte, the location of a population of Berberis harrisoniana, is in the upper right comer. 24 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Figure 2. View of the drainage flowing north-northeast from the cove, just north- east of the highest peak. The topography is fairly typical of the north slope area. such as Xylorhiza tortifolia , Lycium andersonii , Psorothamnus fremontii var. attenuatus , Viguiera parishii , Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium , Keckiella antirrhinoides , Ephedra sp., and Krameria sp. Although no new sites of Berberis harrisoniana were found, very little of the mapped potential habitat was searched, due to time constraints. On more gentle slopes and saddle areas, creosote bush scrub was dominant: Larrea tridentata, Encelia farinosa , Ambrosia dumosa with Amsinckia tessellata particularly abundant this year, and large areas of gentler slopes at higher elevations were carpeted with Chaenactis fremontii and Lupinus sparsiflorus . A few species were observed and collected in the foothills near the north slope of the highest peak that, although already documented in the Whipple Mountains area, are of particular note. Linanthus demissus was listed in De Groot (2007) as rare, but in spring 2010 it was very common in the foothills near the north slope of the highest peak ( S . J. De Groot 6281). Similarly, Phacelia cryptantha was also listed as rare, and although not abundant in the north slope area, it was collected at an additional site in the mountains {De Groot 6305). Calochortus flexuosus {De Groot 6209), Malacothrix stebbinsii {6283, 6302), Rafinesquia calif ornica {6288, 6303), Erigeron oxyphyllus {6287), and Phacelia rotundifolia {6285) have previously been known from scattered distributions around the Whipple Mountains, and additional sites were discovered in the north slope foothills. Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 25 Linanthus bigelovii was also found in the north slope foothills ( De Groot 6299). Langloisia setosissima and Eriastrum eremicum were notably abundant this year, E. eremicum common throughout the foothills of the north slope (De Groot 6277 , 6337), and L. setosissima found nearly everywhere, in the foothills and scattered throughout the bajada on the northwest side of the mountains (De Groot 627 8\ all cited specimens at RSA with duplicates to be distributed). Figure 3. View of the north-facing slope in the west side of the cove, just north- east of the highest peak. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS TO THE FLORA The following are changes to the Whipple Mountains Flora since De Groot (2007). Non-native taxa are preceded by an asterisk (*). With the additions and subtraction, the total of 385 taxa reported in De Groot (2007) is amended to 391 taxa. Additions Brickellia californica (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray (Asteraceae). Large shrub often exceeding 1 m in height. Rare in drainages near the north slope of the highest peak. This plant was identified from a vegetative specimen, based on leaf morphology and growth form. De Groot 6318. 26 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 Calycoseris parryi A. Gray (Asteraceae). An annual with yellow ligulate heads with dark tack-shaped glands on the peduncle. Distributed in patches in the foothills near the north slope of the highest peak. De Groot 6282, 6298. Machaeranthera arida B. Turner and D. Home (Asteraceae). Sun, alkaline soil, south base of Whipple Mountains, Colorado River bottom between Drennan [Earp] and Parker Ferry. 375 ft. elevation. 30 April 1932, Carl B. Wolf 3180 (RSA 005205). Cryptantha utahensis (A. Gray) E. Greene (Boraginaceae). Fruits sessile or nearly so, usually with only one tuberculate nutlet. Occurs occasionally in patches, at higher elevations (>3000 ft/900 m). Base of a north facing slope near the highest peak. De Groot 6290. Bromus trinii Desv. (Poaceae). Annual grass with twisted awns on the lemmas. Encountered occasionally in the foothills near the north slope of the highest peak. De Groot 6284 , 6304. Dephinium parishii A. Gray subsp. parishii (Ranunculaceae). Flowers pale blue and some cauline leaves present. Abundant this spring in the foothills near the north slope of the highest peak. De Groot 6276 , 6343. * Galium aparine L. (Rubiaceae). Probably native to Europe. Annual, with 6 or more leaves per whorl and hooked barbs on the fruits. Very infrequent, encountered occasionally in drainages near the north slope of the highest peak, where it was likely brought in by burros. De Groot 6289. Subtraction Euphorbia parishii Greene (Euphorbiaceae). All collections of this species were determined to be E. polycarpa by V. Steinmann, Dec. 2008. Doubtful Psorothamnus schottii (Torn) Bameby (Fabaceae). Whipple Mtns, 1400 ft. est. North part of range near road going down into Copper Basin. 18 April 1935, Frank W. Peirson 11497. This specimen was annotated in 2007 by M. McMahon as P. schottii, although based on the key in the Desert Jepson Manual (Baldwin et al. 2002) it keys to P. fremontii var. attenuatus, and matches herbarium specimens of this latter taxon. Psorothamnus schottii was not included in the Flora (De Groot 2007), and should not be added unless additional specimens are found. Taxonomic conundrums, or possible new species Gilia scopulorum M.E. Jones (Polemoniaceae). Athough the species is reported Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 27 in eastern California, including the Whipple Mountains (De Groot 2007), the type of G. scopulorum is from southwest Utah, and the plants in California appear to have different morphology and may represent a new species or variety (J.M. Porter, pers. comm.). This is a fairly common annual in washes in and around the Whipple Mountains. Mammillaria cf. grahammii Engelm. (Cactaceae). The species is found sporadically throughout the mountains. Most plants are small and single stemmed, but plants occurring in a slot canyon through a patch of light-colored granite near Gene Reservoir are generally branched. Both single-stemmed and branched plants key to M. grahammii in the Arizona Flora (Kearney and Peebles 1964) and Flora of North America (Zimmerman and Parfit 2003), in the sense that they do not fit into anything else. Given the differences in habit and the close association with the light granite substrate, the relationship and degree of genetic isolation between these branched plants and the single- stemmed M. grahammii plants in the Whipple Mountains warrant further study, since these multi-stemmed plants may represent a distinct lineage. Note This paper is not intended as an encouragement for botanists to hike in to the north slope of the Whipple Mountains to look for interesting plants, although that is an acceptable outcome. In more general terms, I would like to emphasize that, in spite of one hundred years or so of plant collecting in the California deserts, there are still many “black holes,” from which few or no collections have been made and the plant diversity has yet to be documented. I would encourage every botanist to find a “black hole” of interest and see what it contains. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to hardy RSA Volunteer Mary Motherall who assisted with botanical exploration in the rugged terrain of the northern Whipple Mountains. This field work was funded by an Alan Romspert Grant for Desert Botany from the Southern California Botanists. LITERATURE CITED Baldwin, B. G., S. Boyd, B. J. Ertter, R. W. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken. 2002. The Jepson Desert Manual. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA.624 pp. De Groot, S. J. 2007. Vascular plants of the Whipple Mountains. Aliso 24: 63-96. 28 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 De Groot, S. J. 2009. A conservation plan for Berberis harrisoniana (Kofa Mountain Barberry, Berberidaceae). Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Occasional Publications No. 9. Kearney, T. H. and R. H. Peebles. 1964. Arizona Flora , 2nd ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA. 1085 pp. Van Devender, T. R. 1 990. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sonoran Desert, United States and Mexico. Pp. 134-163 in J. L. Betancourt, T. R. Van Devender, and P. S. Martin, eds. Packrat Middens: the last 40,000 years of biotic change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA. Van Devender, T. R. 2000. The deep history of the Sonoran Desert. Pp. 61-69 in S. J. Phillips and P. W. Comus, eds. A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum Press, Tucson, USA. Zimmerman, A. D. and B. D. Parfit. 2003. Mammillaria. Pp. 247-257 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico , vol. 4, Magniophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York. Crossosoma 36( 1 ), Spring-Summer 20 1 0 29 Book Review California Plant Families: West of the Sierran Crest and Deserts, by Glenn Keator, with illustrations by Margaret J. Steunenberg. 2009. University of California Press, Berkeley. 215 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-25924-9 $27.50. Preview available online at http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9479.php (accessed 29 Dec 2010). California Plant Families: West of the Sierran Crest and Deserts will be a useful tool for introducing students and others to botany. The terminology is simplified and is not intimidating to the novice. This book is highly recommended for those who have ever wondered what botanists are taking about when they mention the “sunflower family” or the “pea family” and want to know exactly what makes a family a family. There is a straightforward key to the families in the beginning which avoids terminology that may steer armatures away from diving further into botany. This book is also a great learning tool to utilize in the field since it is just the right weight and size to fit in a daypack. Plant families in California are extremely diverse and this book exemplifies just that. The plant family descriptions are broken down very nicely. Each family description begins with the type of plant morphology, habit, vegetative features, flowering and flower characteristics, and a brief section about families with similar characteristics. I found this last section the most useful of all. It is a great feature, especially for those not familiar with all of the families in California. Another useful part of each family description is the discussion of nomenclature and recent taxonomic changes that have taken place. One of the most common questions among botanists is about the recent treatment of Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae. Such questions are briefly answered and the explanations are easy to comprehend. Keator also adds a section dedicated to the geographic statistics for each family and describes each family’s diversity in California and around the world. He then describes native genera in more detail; in some cases, genera are separated according to characteristics. For example, the Malvaceae genera are grouped by Genera with long, slender, ribbonlike stigmas and Genera with knoblike or blunt stigmas and so forth. There are illustrations to accompany each family description, which point out the key characteristics by using a few species as examples. The families are arranged alphabetically, including the monocots, and gymnosperms, which is a great feature for people who have not been introduced to the science and would otherwise be confused if they had to find Poaceae at the 30 Crossosoma 36(1), Spring-Summer 2010 front or the back of the book. Common names are also included, but are not in alphabetical order; they can be located in the index for quicker reference. Overall this is a great book that will facilitate learning the California plant families for amateurs, and refresh the memories for those who have forgotten the families.. California Plant Families: West of the Sierran Crest and Deserts is highly recommendable to students taking their first identification class for use as a reference to further their knowledge and sharpen their identification skills. Erika Gardner , Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 9171 1 egardner@rsabg.org New York Botanical Garden Library Southern California Botar -Founded 1927 - http://www.socalbot.org 5185 00268 0344 Membership, Subscriptions, and Back Issues Individual and Family Memberships in SCB are $25 per calendar year domes- tic, and $35 per year to foreign addresses. Membership includes two issues of CROSSOSOMA, and 5 or 6 issues of Leaflets , the newsletter of SCB. 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Southern California Botanists, Inc. -Founded 1927 - http://www.socalbot.org CROSSOSOMA (ISSN 0891-9100) is published twice a year by Southern Cali- fornia Botanists, Inc., a California nonprofit organization of individuals devoted to the study, conservation, and preservation of the native plants and plant com- munities of southern California. SCB Board of Directors for 2010 President Orlando Mistretta Vice President Erika Gardner Secretary Carrie Kiel Treasurer Linda Prince Webmaster Naomi Fraga Editors of Crossosoma Scott D. White and Michael Honer Editor of Leaflets Kerry Myers Directors-at-large Chris Barnhill Gina Richmond Duncan Bell Fred Roberts David Bramlet Darren Sandquist Jennifer Cogswell Allan Schoenherr Elizabeth Hohertz Jonathan Snapp-Cook Naomi Fraga Sula Vanderplank Bart O’Brien Katie Vinzant J-Mark Porter Gary Wallace Sarah Ratay Benjamin Wilder and Justin Wood Ex officio Board Member Gary Wallace (Past President) Articles, book reviews, or other items for submission to CROSSOSOMA can be sent to the editor Scott White (scottbioservices@verizon.net) or 201 N. First Ave., #102, Upland, CA., USA, 91786. Electronic submission is preferred. Please see our website, www.socalbot. org, for format guidelines. Notices of a time-dated nature (field trips, workshops, sym- posia, etc.) to be included in the newsletter Leaflets should be submitted to Kerry Myers, Editor of Leaflets, kerrymyers@fs.fed.us, or mail to: Kerry Myers, Botanist, USDA Forest Service, 701 N. Santa Anita Ave. Arcadia, CA 91006-2725. Views published in CROSSOSOMA are those of the contributing author(s) and are not necessarily those of the editors, the membership of Southern California Botanists, Inc., or the SCB Board of Directors, unless specifically stated. Copyright © 2010 by Southern California Botanists, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to reproduce items in CROSSOSOMA, in whole or part, should be requested from the Editor. SEP 19 tttsaTZ LIBRARY ME# YORK »5TANlCAi- Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Crossosoma Volume 36, Number 2 Fall-Winter 2010 Published July 201 1 CONTENTS Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of West Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Park Kerry Knudsen and Jana Kocourkova 32 Threats to an Extreme Endemic: Chenopodiumf1abe/lifoliiim(Amairanthaceae) on Isla San Martin. Sul a Vanderplank and Sergio Mata 50 New Records of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi for California II. Kerry Knudsen and Jana Kocourkova 57 Noteworthy Collection Duncan S. Bell 62 Book Review: Wild and Beautiful: A Natural History of Open Spaces in Orange County Peter A. Bowler 64 Guidelines for Contributors to CROSSOSOMA S.D. White and M.A. Honer 66 Cover: Kerry Knudsen hunting for intertidal lichens on Rat Rock, West Anacapa Island, California. Photo by Jana Kocourkova 32 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 LICHENS AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI OF WEST ANACAPA ISLAND CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK Kerry Knudsen The Herbarium, Dept, of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Knudsen@ucr.edu Jana Kocourkova University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology Kamycka 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic kocourkovaj@fzp.czu.cz ABSTRACT: One hundred and twenty five taxa of lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi are reported for West Anacapa Island, including 115 lichen taxa in 5 1 genera, 9 species of lichenicolous fungi in 8 genera, and 1 allied fungus. Buellia abstracta , which was previously treated as B. sequax auct., is reported new for California. KEYWORDS: Biodiversity, California, floristics, Ventura County. INTRODUCTION Anacapa is a weathered Miocene ridge of basalt with terraces overlain with fine clay. It is comprised of three islands (East Anacapa, Middle Island, and West Anacapa) separated by narrow channels, with a total area of 1 . 1 square miles (1.8 km2) (Schoenherr et al 1999). In surveying the lichen flora of Channel Islands National Park, we treat each small island as a separate unit. The first author has already published a report on East Anacapa Island (Knudsen 2009). In this paper we report on the flora of lichens and lichenicolous fungi on the largest island, West Anacapa. East Anacapa Island and Middle Island are basically plateaus. But the basalt of Anacapa rises above its terraces on West Anacapa Island to form a spectacular ridge whose highest point is Summit Peak at 930 feet (283 m). Walking this ridge is one of the most beautiful hikes in Channel Islands National Park. The south side falls away below in steep inaccessible cliffs (Figure 1). But the north side is cut by deep canyons filled with trees that separate the terraces, the largest of which is on the west end. The topography and larger area of West Anacapa makes for an increased diversity of microhabitats and supports a more diverse lichen flora than the other Anacapa Islands. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 33 w o T1 o 0) ° 0) o 9L IMH ■ o 3 S' ° 7 9 3 Figure 1 : Map of West Anacapa Island. 34 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Sheep, goats and pigs were probably introduced on all the north Channel Islands between 1769 and 1819 (Schoenherr et al 1999). The terraces of West Anacapa were severely grazed primarily by sheep which would have caused a reduction of Coreopsis gigantea stands, as well as coastal sage shrubs and maritime chaparral, and the introduction of some invasive vascular plants. This would have caused changes in lichen diversity especially among corticolous (living on bark) and terricolous (living on soil) species, with the populations of some species severely reduced while other species were probably extirpated (Knudsen 2008). Sheep were not removed from West Anacapa until the 20th century after Anacapa Island became part of Channel Islands National Monument in 1938 (Schoenherr et al 1999). Grazing also no doubt destroyed large areas of biological soil crusts on the terraces (Knudsen 2009; Knudsen & Kocourkova 2009). Nonetheless, biological soil crusts, dominated by lichens and bryophytes, are thriving on a plateau above the terrace on the west end of the island as well as along the ridge and on fresh alluvium laid along drainages. All saxicolous (growing on rocks) lichens occur on basalt on West Anacapa Island. There is much more basalt exposed on West Anacapa Island than on the other two islands supporting more diversity of saxicolous lichens MATERIALS AND METHODS Charis Bratt collected lichens on the island on November 15, 1994 and November 9 and 15, 1995 and most of her specimens are housed at SBBG and ASU. T. H. Nash III also collected there on November 9, 1995 and his collections are housed in the ASU Lichen Herbarium. We collected at the west end of the island on Nov. 19, 2008 and one of us (Knudsen) collected another 170 specimens from December 1-4, 2008. All field surveys were qualitative and subjective. Knudsen visited ASU Lichen Herbarium in January, 2010, and examined the 117 collections by Nash from West Anacapa as well as Bratt collections and verified several problematic taxa. We accepted most determinations, based either on comparisons with our own collections or based on determinations by experts who annotated their specimens. Information on individual collections can be accessed at the UCR Herbarium website http://sanders5.ucr.edu/lichensflat_index.php or the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria http://symbiota.org/nalichens. For more information about individual taxa or terminology see the three volumes of the Lichen Flora of Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 35 the Greater Sonoran Desert Region (Nash et al. 2002, 2004 and 2007) or the cited literature therein. We determined distributions of taxa within California from the Consortium of North American Herbaria website and the collections at the UCR Herbarium. We describe abundance based on subjective observation of how often the species was found during the survey. There are several undescribed taxa of lichenized and non-lichenized taxa among the specimens we examined that are currently under study, two of which are mentioned in the checklist notes. They are not included in the diversity totals. PRELIMINARY TAXONOMIC CHECKLIST Lichens Acarospora socialis H. Magn. - Saxicolous. Rat Rock, Bratt 9251 (SBBG); plateau below end of west ridge of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10838 (UCR); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10874.2 (UCR); ridge east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10865 (UCR). Common. Originally described from Catalina Island. A rare brown saxicolous Acarospora (Knudsen 10832.2 & 10861.1 , UCR), also collected on Santa Rosa Island, is being studied. Arthonia lecanactidea Zahlbr. - Corticolous on coastal sage shrubs. On slope above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10646 (UCR). Rare. Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) Steud. ex A.L. Sm. - Corticolous on Lycium californicum and Rhus integrifolia. Above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10642 (UCR); terrace on west end, Nash 37036 (ASU); Knudsen 10772, 10773, 10899 (UCR). Common on bark and wood. Aspicilia pacifica Owe-Larss. & A. Nordin - Saxicolous. East of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10860 (UCR); west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10863 (UCR). Common. Originally described from Santa Cruz Island. Buellia abstracta (Nyl.) H. Oliver. - Saxicolous. Syn. Buellia sequax auct. (Giralt et al. 2011). Summit Peak, Knudsen 10839 (UCR). Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal. - Lichenicolous, saxicolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37098 (ASU). Buellia capitis-regum W.A. Weber - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37005 (ASU). Buellia christophii Bungartz - Saxicolous. Rat Rock, Bratt 9147 (SBBG); slope above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10648 (UCR). Buellia halonia (Ach.) Tuck. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37035 (ASU); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37088 (ASU); east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10847, 10859 (UCR). Buellia oidalea (Tuck.) Tuck. - Corticolous. Summit Canyon, Bratt 8713 (SBBG); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37056, 37076 (ASU). 36 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Buellia prosper a (Nyl.) Riddle - Saxicolous. Plateau at end of west ridge of Summit Peak, Knuds en 10854 (UCR). Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. - Corticolous. Syn. Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Terrace at west end, Knudsen 10766, 10787. 10799 (UCR); ridge west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10842 (UCR); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10840 (UCR); terrace, Knudsen 10835, 10836 (UCR). Common on bark and wood of shrubs. Buellia pullata Tuck. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37015 (ASU); plateau area, Nash 37059 (ASU); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10875.2 (UCR); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37089 (ASU). Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd - Saxicolous. Summit Peak, Knudsen 10838.2 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37089 (ASU). Caloplaca bolacina (Tuck.) Herre - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37006 (ASU); plateau below ridge west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10811, 10812. 1 (UCR); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37090 (ASU). Common. Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr. - Corticolous. Terrace, Knudsen 10771, 18900.2 (UCR). Caloplaca coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Bratt 9166 (SBBG), Nash 37008 (ASU), Knudsen 10656 (UCR). Caloplaca impolita Arup - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10648 (UCR), Nash 37007 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9148, 9172, 9252 (SBBG). Caloplaca ludificans Arup - Saxicolous. West end of Summit Peak, Nash 37104 (ASU). Caloplaca luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup - Saxicolous. West end of Summit Peak, Nash 37104 (ASU). Caloplaca luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. luteominia - Saxicolous. Terrace, Bratt 9229 (SBBG). Caloplaca rosei Hasse - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37009 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9171 (SBBG). Caloplaca stanfordensis H. Magn. - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9222. 9227, 9238 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37004 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10889 (UCR). Common on Coreopsis gigantea. Caloplaca stantonii W.A. Weber ex Arup - Saxicolous. Ridge west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10853.2 (UCR). Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg. - Saxicolous. Plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10828 (UCR). Chrysothrix granulosa G. Thor - Corticolous. West side of summit, Nash 37078 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10880 (UCR); plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10833 (UCR). Frequent on coastal sage shrubs. Cladonia chlorophaea (Florke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. - Terricolous. Summit Canyon, Bratt 8711 (SBBG); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37105 (ASU). Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 37 Cladonia hammeri Ahti - Terricolous. Plateau area, Nash 37006 (ASU); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37107 (ASU), Knudsen 10847 (UCR). Cladonia maritima K. Knudsen & Lendemer - Terricolous. Summit Peak, Knudsen 10848 (FH, UCR). For description of this species see Knudsen & Lendemer 2009. Cladonia nashii Ahti - Terricolous. Plateau below west ridge of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10809 (UCR). Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. - Terricolous. Summit Canyon, Bratt 8709 (SBBG). Usually occurs on detritus beneath coastal sage shrubs and chaparral. Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins - Corticolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37077 (ASU). Collema crispum (Huds.) F.H. Wigg - Terricolous. Summit Peak, Knudsen 10848 (UCR). Dendrographa leucophaea (Tuck.) Darb. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10645, 10639 (UCR), Nash 37011 (ASU); Box Canyon, Bratt 8697, 8696 (SBBG); Campground E, Bratt 9231 (SBBG); Climb Spine, Bratt 8690 (SBBG); Rat Rock, Bratt 9175 (SBBG); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8718 (SBBG); terrace, Knudsen 10794.2 (UCR). Dime/aena californica (H. Magn.) Sheard - Lichenicolous, saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37065 (ASU); east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10861.2 (UCR). Juvenile parasite on a number of crustose lichens especially Dimelaena radiata. It develops a shiny independent brown thallus like Protoparmelia ryaniana, which is also a lichenicolous on D. radiata, but differs especially in having dark 1 -septate ascospores. Dimelaena radiata (Tuck.) Mull. Arg. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37010 (ASU); plateau area, Nash 37065, 37091 (ASU); Knudsen 10777 (UCR); plateau below west ridge of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10805, 10820 (UCR); slope above terrace, Knudsen 10831 (UCR); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10851, 10875.1 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37091 (ASU). Common. One specimen (. Knudsen 11870) was infected with undescribed species of Lichenostigma. Diploicia canescens (Dicks.) A. Massal. - Corticolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37012 (ASU); Campground E, Bratt 9237 (SBBG); Climb Spine, Bratt 8691 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37043, 37108 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9180 (SBBG); terrace on west end, Knudsen 10769, 10791 (UCR); west end, Bratt 9241 (SBBG). Common on coastal sage shrubs and Coreopsis gigantea. Diploschistes actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr. - Lichenicolous, saxicolous. Ridge east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10866.2 (UCR). Though not reported as lichenicolous in literature, this specimen was definitely parasitic on Acarospora social is. 38 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch - Terricolous. Campground E, Bratt 9182, 9228 (SBBG); plateau above terrace at west end of island, Knudsen 10837 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37108 (ASU). Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. - Lichenicolous, terricolous. Ridge east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10866.1 (UCR); terrace, Knudsen 10794.1 (UCR). This species begins its life cycle as a juvenile parasite on Cladonia species. On the islands it is also a juvenile parasite on Lepraria xerophila and Leprocaulon microscopicum. Dirina catalinariae Hasse - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37013 (ASU) Knudsen 10640.1, 10647, 10657, 10668 (UCR); Climb Spine, Bratt 8707 (ASU), edge of terrace, Knudsen 10895 (UCR). Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. - Terricolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37109, 37110 {ASM). Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale - Corticolous, saxicolous. 0.25 mi east to 2nd draw, Bratt 9214 (SBBG); campground E, Bratt 9215 (SBBG); slope above terrace, Knudsen 10832.1 (UCR); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8715 (SBBG); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37079 (ASU). Gyalecta herrei Vezda - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9181 (SBBG); slope above terrace, Knudsen 10883.1 (UCR). On coastal sage shrubs and caudex of Dudleya. Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. - Saxicolous. Oak Canyon, Knudsen 10882, 10886 ( UCR). Heterodermia erinacea (Ach.) W.A. Weber - Corticolous. Plateau area, Nash 37045 (ASU); terrace on west end, Knudsen 10788 (UCR). Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9197 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10875 (UCR); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37080 (ASU). Heterodermia namaquana Brusse - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9186, 9218, 9223 (SBBG); Knudsen 10788 (UCR); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10876 (UCR). On coastal sage shrubs. Hypogymnia mollis L. Pike & Hale - Corticolous. Plateau area, Nash 37057 (ASU). Lecanactis californica Tuck. - Corticolous. Slope above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10658 (UCR); terrace on west end, Knudsen 10792 (UCR). Lecania brunonis (Tuck.) Herre - Saxicolous. Slope above terrace, Knudsen 11813 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37092 (ASU). Lecania fructigena Zahlbr. - Saxicolous. Rat Rock, Bratt 9125 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10850 (UCR); terrace, Knudsen 10778 (UCR). Lecania fuscella (Schaer.) Korb. - Corticolous. Terrace area, Knudsen 10770, 10789 (UCR). On Coreopsis gigantea. Lecania hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble - Saxicolous. Syn. Lecania brattiae B.D. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 39 Ryan & van den Boom (Knudsen & Lendemer 2007). Terrace on west side, Knudsen 11781 (UCR). Lecania turicensis (Hepp.) Mull. Arg. - Saxicolous. On plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10857 (UCR); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10878 (UCR). Lecanograplia brattiae (Egea & Ertz) Ertz & Tehler. Syn. Opegrapha brattiae Egea & Ertz (Ertz & Tehler 2010). Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37024 (ASU), Knudsen 10641, 10651 (UCR). Lecanograplia dimelaenoides (Egea & Torrente) Egea & Torrente - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37023 (ASU), Knudsen 10650, 10653 (UCR); Rat Rock, Bratt 9149, 9153 (SBBG). Lecanographa hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Egea & Torrente - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37023 (ASU), Knudsen 10640.2, 10655 (UCR). Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue - Saxicolous. On plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10858 (UCR). Rare and a very small poor specimen. Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. - Saxicolous. Campground E, Bratt 9187, 9239 (SBBG); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37095, 37096 (ASU). Lecanora lioriza (Ach.) Linds. - Corticolous. Plateau area, Nash 37046 (ASU); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37081 (ASU). This species can be mistaken for Lecania fuscella. Nash’s collections were determined by Thorsten Lumbsch (F). Lecanora pacifica Tuck. - Corticolous. On slope above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10659 (UCR). Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. - Saxicolous. Slope above terrace, Knudsen 10812.2 (UCR). Lecidella asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel - Corticolous, saxicolous, terricolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37017 (ASU); plateau area, Nash 37067 (ASU); west side of summit, Nash 37093, 37112 (ASU), Knudsen 10853.1 (UCR). Lecidella scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert - Saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37061 (ASU), Knudsen 10780, 10786 (UCR). Lempholemma chalazanum (Ach.) B. de Lesd. - Terricolous. Summit Peak, Knudsen 10876 (UCR). Rare and a very small specimen. Lepraria xerophila Tonsberg - Terricolous. Plateau area, Nash 37069 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10784, 10793 (UCR). Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. - Terricolous. Box Canyon, Bratt 8698 (SBBG); Campground E, Bratt 9230 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37068 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10785, 10795, 10826 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37113 (ASU). Specimens from coast of Southern California and Baja probably are a semi-cryptic species new to science based on unpublished sequences by Silke Werth of collections by Wirth and Knudsen. 40 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Mobergia angelica (Stizenb.) H. Mayrh. & Sheard - Saxicolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37099 (ASU). Niebla cephalota (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9185, 9225, 9226, 9246 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37049 (ASU); slope above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10660 (UCR); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8678 (SBBG). Niebla ceruchis Rundel & Bowler - Corticolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37018 (ASU); Campground E, Bratt 9183, 9184, 9219, 9224, 9234, 9244 (SBBG); Cherry Canyon, Chaney L-22. L-8 (SBBG); Climb Spine, Bratt 8695 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37050, 37038 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9160, 9162, 9165 (SBBG); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8677 (SBBG); terrace, Knudsen 10891 (UCR). Niebla ceruchoides Rundel & Bowler - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9212 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37048, 37070 (ASU); Rock Rock, Bratt 9157 (SBBG); Summit Canyon, Chaney L-18 (SBBG); west side of summit, Nash 37010 (ASU). Niebla combeoides (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37019 (ASU), Knudsen 10667 (UCR); campground E, Bratt 9207 (SBBG). Niebla Itomalea (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler - Saxicolous. Campground east, Bratt 9207 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37071 (ASU); slope above plateau, Knudsen 10814 (UCR); Summit Peak, Chaney L-19, L-23, L-27( SBBG); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37100 (ASU). Common. Niebla isidiascens Bowler, Marsh, T.H. Nash & Riefner - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37022 (ASU); Campground E, Bratt 9211 (SBBG); Rat Rock, Bratt 9158 (SBBG); slope above terrace, Knudsen 10826. 1 (UCR); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8675 (SBBG); terrace, Knudsen 10896.2 (UCR). Niebla laevigata Bowler & Rundel - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37020 (ASU); campground east, Bratt 9205, 9213 (SBBG); Rat Rock, Bratt 9154 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Chaney L-15, L-9 (SBBG). Niebla robusta (R. Howe) Rundel - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10635, 10637 (UCR), Nash 37021 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9155, 9156, 9167, 9177 (SBBG); rocky high point at end of Pleistocene terrace, Knudsen 10896.2 (UCR). Opegrapha herbarum Mont. - Corticolous, saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37024, 37051, 37052 (ASU); Oak Canyon, Knudsen 10796 (UCR); slope above terrace, Knudsen 10883.2 (UCR). Common. Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Stein.) Hale - Corticolous. West side of summit, Nash 37082 (ASU), Knudsen 10843 , 10846 (UCR). Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy - Corticolous. Syn. P. chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37083 (ASU). Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 41 Niebla robusta , endemic to Southern California and Baja California coast. Photo: Jana Kocourkova. Peltula bolanderi (Tuck.) Wetmore - Terricolous. Summit Peak, Knudsen 10871 (UCR). Peltula obscurans var. hassei (Zahlbr.) Wetmore - Saxicolous. Plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10818, 10834 (UCR). Pertusaria brattiae Lumbsch & T.H. Nash - Saxicolous. Campground E, Bratt 9194, 9196, 9199, 9204, 9209 (SBBG); plateau above terrace, Knudsen 10830 (UCR). Pertusaria calif arnica Dibben - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37026 (ASU); plateau area, Nash 37062 (ASU). Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck. - Saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37063 (ASU); plateau below west ridge of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10810 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37094 (ASU). Pertusaria lecanina Tuck. - Corticolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37084, 37085 (ASU). Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl. - Corticolous. Terrace, Knudsen 10797 (UCR). Physcia phaea (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson - Saxicolous. Box Canyon, Bratt 8699 (SBBG); Campground E, Bratt 9189, 9191 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37072 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9163 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Knudsen 42 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 10851 (UCR); west side of Summit Peak, Nash 37115 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10827 (UCR). Physica tenellula Moberg - Saxicolous. Campground E, Bratt 9236 (SBBG); ridge west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10853.3 (UCR). Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt - Corticolous. West side of Summit Peak, Nash 37115 (ASU). Physconia isidiigera (Zahlbr.) Essl. - Corticolous, saxicolous. Campground E, Bratt 9190, 9203 (SBBG). Placidium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss - Terricolous. Plateau above the terrace, Knudsen 10856 (UCR). Protoparmelia ryaniana van den Boom, Sipman & Elix - Lichenicolous, saxicolous. Terrace, Knudsen 10775.2 (UCR). Juvenile parasite, usually on Dimelaena radiata, eventually forming an independent thallus. Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Korb. - Corticolous. Plateau area, Nash 37058 (ASU); west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10840 (UCR); Nash 37086 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10802 (UCR). Ramalina canariensis J. Steiner - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9188, 9221 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37053 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9161, 9164 (SBBG). Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. - Corticolous. Plateau area, Nash 37054 (ASU). Ramalina leptocarpha Tuck. - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9249, 9250 (SBBG); Oak Canyon, Knudsen 10881 (UCR); plateau area, Nash 37075 (ASU); Summit Canyon, Junak fVA-888 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Bratt 8676 (SBBG); terrace, Knudsen 10893 (UCR). Ramalina subleptocarpha Rundel & Bowler - Corticolous. Campground E, Bratt 9245 (SBBG); Rat Rock, Bratt 9178 (SBBG). Rinodina bolanderiH. Magn. - Corticolous, saxicolous, terricolous. Campground E, Bratt 9201 (SBBG). Roccella gracilis Bory - Corticolous. Syn. R. peruensis Darb. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37027 (ASU); Oak Canyon, Knudsen 10880 (UCR). Schizopelte calif ornica Th. Fr. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37029 (ASU); Box Canyon, Bratt 8701 (SBBG); Climb Spine, Bratt 8689 (SBBG); plateau area, Nash 37039 (ASU); Rat Rock, Bratt 9169 (SBBG). Schizopelte parishii (Hasse) Ertz & Tehler. Syn. Hubbsia parishii (Hasse) Tehler, Lohtander, Myllys & Sundin (Ertz & Tehlar 2010) - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37034 (ASU), Knudsen 10638, 10643 (UCR). Thelomma mammosum (Hepp) A. Massal. - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37064 (ASU); plateau area, Nash 37064 (ASU); terrace, Knudsen 10789 (UCR); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37097 (ASU). Thelomma santessonii Tibell - Saxicolous. Box Canyon, Bratt 8700 (SBBG); Campground E, Bratt 9193, 9208 (SBBG); Terrace, Knudsen 10803 (UCR). Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 43 Schizopelte parishii , a rare species on West Anacapa Island. Photo: Jana Kocourkova. Trapelia glebulosa (Sm.) J.R. Laundon - Saxicolous, terricolous. Syn. Trapelia involuta (Taylor) Hertel. Ridge east of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10867.1 (UCR). Verrucaria calkinsiana Servit - Saxicolous. Ridge west of Summit Peak, Knudsen 10858 (UCR). Verrucaria prosoplectenchymatica Servit - Saxicolous. Oak Canyon, Knudsen 10887.2 (UCR). Verrucaria subdivisa Breuss - Saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37031 (ASU); Climb Spine, Bratt 8693 (SBBG); slope above Pleistocene terrace, Knudsen 10829 (UCR). Wahlenbergiella striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thus - Saxicolous. Syn. Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb. Below Rat Rock, Knudsen 10685 (UCR). Intertidal lichen. Identified by Othmar Breuss (W) and reported new for California (Kocourkova et al. 2009). Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale - Saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37074 (ASU); slope above plateau, Knudsen 10815 (UCR); Summit Peak, Chaney L-l 4, L-21 (SBBG). 44 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Xanthoparmelia subramigera (Gyeln.) Hale - Saxicolous. Campground E, Bratt 9198 (SBBG). Determined by T. H. Nash. Xanthoria ascendens S. Kondr. - Saxicolous. Plateau area, Nash 37040, 37055 (ASU); terrace at west end, Knudsen 10776 (UCR). Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. - Corticolous, saxicolous. Above Rat Rock, Nash 37032 (ASU), Knudsen 10652 (UCR); Box Canyon, Bratt 8702 (SBBG); campground E, Bratt 9235, 9242 (SBBG); Rat Rock, Bratt 9179, Chaney L-1313 (SBBG); Summit Canyon, Bratt 8708, 8714 (SBBG); Summit Peak, Knudsen 10874.1 (UCR); terrace, Knudsen 10890 (UCR). Xanthoria tenax L. Lindblom - Corticolous. Terrace, Knudsen 10900.1 (UCR). Lichenicolous Fungi Arthonia diploiciae Calat. & Diederich - Slope above Rat Rock, Kocourkova & Knudsen (PRM 915316); Terrace, Knudsen 10799 (UCR). On Diploicia canescens on Coreopsis gigantea. Recently reported new for California and continental North America north of Mexico (Lendemer et al. 2009). Dacampia lecaniae Kocourk. & K. Knudsen - Terrace at west end, Knudsen 10800 (UCR). On Lecania fuscella and Coreopsis gigantea. Currently only known from type collection on West Anacapa Island (Kocourkova & Knudsen 20 1 0) Phoma cladoniicola Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo - Summit Peak, Knudsen 10869. On Cladonia chlorophaea. Reported new from California from Santa Monica Mountains and West Anacapa (Knudsen & Kocourkova 2009). Plectocarpon nashii Hafellner - Above Rat Rock, Nash 37021a (ASU, GZU). On Niebla robusta. Known only from the type collection on West Anacapa Island (Ertz et al. 2005). We did not rediscover this species while surveying the type locality. Stigmidium epixanthum Hafellner - Terrace, Knudsen 10775.1 (UCR). On Acarospora socialis. Stigmidium epistigmellum (Nyl. ex Vouaux) Kocourk. & K. Knudsen - Above Rat Rock, Knudsen 10654 (UCR), Kocourkova & Knudsen s.n. (PRM); terrace, Knudsen 10803 (UCR). On maritime saxicolous Caloplaca species (Kocourkova & Knudsen 2009). The Kocourkova collection was on a new host, Caloplaca impolita. For description see Kocourkova & Knudsen 2009. Toninia subdispersa (Nyl. ex Hasse) K. Knudsen - Terrace, Knudsen 10779 (UCR). Syn. Toninia talparum Timdal (Knudsen & Lendemer 2007). Common on Lecania species. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 45 Syzygospora physciacearum Diederich -Slope above Terrace, Knudsen 10831 (UCR); west end of Summit Peak, Nash 37119 (ASU). On Physcia species. Tremella parmeliarum Diederich - Chaney 9258 (SBBG). On Parmotrema species. Allied Fungus Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. - Corticolous. Syn. Arthopyrenia punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris. Terrace at west end, Knudsen 10892 (UCR). On Coreopsis gigantea. Rare. CONCLUSIONS We identified 115 described taxa of lichens from West Anacapa Island. For comparison, 43 species of lichens are known from East Anacapa Island (Knudsen 2009). Six species of lichen that occur on East Anacapa have not yet been discovered on West Anacapa Island: Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau, Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl., Niebla polymorpha Bowler, J.E. Marsh, T.H. Nash, & Riefner, Rinodina gennarii Bagl. and Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James. All are expected on West Anacapa Island. The current total of lichens for East and West Anacapa Islands is 121 taxa. Three species new to California were recently reported from West Anacapa: the intertidal lichen Wahlenbergiella striatula (Kocourkova et al. 2009), and two lichenicolous fungi, Phoma cladoniicola (Knudsen & Kocourkova 2009) and Arthonia diploiciae (Lendemer et al. 2009). New to the north Channel Islands, based on our unpublished checklists, we report the corticolous and lichenized Arthonia lecanactidea (Grube 2007), the terricolous cyanolichen Lempholemma chalazanum (Schultz 2007), the saxicolous Verrucaria prosoplectenchymatica (Breuss 2007), and the lichenicolous lichen Protoparmelia ryaniana (van den Boom et al. 2007) which is also common on Santa Rosa Island and which we recently collected on the east end of Santa Cruz Island. The only known extant population of the non-lichenized fungus Arthonia subdispuncta Nyl. ex Hasse, which only grows on the trunks of Coreopsis gigantea, survives on East Anacapa (Knudsen 2009). We have not yet found A. subdispuncta on Coreopsis gigantea on West Anacapa or the other Channel 46 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Islands or in the Santa Monica Mountains where it was originally discovered on Point Dume by H.E. Hasse at the end of the 19th century. The current total of non-lichenized and non-lichenicolous fungi in genera studied by lichenologists on East and West Anacapa Islands is two taxa. The lichenicolous fungal diversity on West Anacapa Island was nine described species. Under the natural conditions we would expect at least twice as many lichenicolous fungi, but soil and vegetation disturbances by sheep, reduction of lichen phorophytes (substrate plants) as well as invasive plants have probably caused a reduction in lichenicolous fungi diversity. Nonetheless we expect more species will be discovered on the island and are currently studying an undescribed Endococcus and other taxa from the island. The current total of described lichenicolous fungi species reported from East and West Anacapa Islands is ten taxa. We described Stigmidium californicum Knudsen & Kocourkova on Caloplaca standfordensis and Coreopsis gigantea on East Anacapa Island and from Santa Rosa Island and Baja (Knudsen & Kocourkova 2010). However it was not found on West Anacapa, though its host was common. On Coreopsis gigantea on West Anacapa we discovered a new species, Dacampia lecaniae Kocourk. & K. Knudsen, lichenicolous on Lecania fuscella, which is so far only known from its type locality where it was rare (Kocourkova & Knudsen 2010). The host L. fuscella is rare in southern California too, but common in Europe, so it is possible D. lecaniae could be discovered in Europe if not on the other Channel Islands or on the main land in Santa Barbara County in California. The lichenicolous fungus Plectocarpon nashii was collected on Niebla robusta on the slope above Rat Rock on the west end of West Anacapa by Thomas Nash (Ertz et al. 2005). It is only known from the type locality. We spent many hours searching the type locality but did not observe any P. nashii. It would be interesting to know if this fungus is specific to Niebla robusta or occurs on other species in the genus. It could possibly be extinct as the host genus Niebla is one of the most collected genera by lichenologists and many of these collections were examined for lichenicolous fungi during the Sonoran flora project. The combined total of lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi for East and West Anacapa Islands is currently 133 native taxa. The known vascular plant flora of the Anacapa Islands includes 190 native taxa (Schoenherr et al. 1999). Thus, fungi studied by lichenologists are an important part of the island biota. The checklist is preliminary and would benefit from future surveys, exploring Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 47 especially more of the east end, as well as the canyons of West Anacapa, focusing on taxa not previously collected. A survey of Middle Island needs to be completed. At low tides, using boats, we would like to search for more intertidal lichens. The brown pelican colony on West Anacapa Island is the only major nesting site on the Pacific Coast of the United States (Schoenherr et al. 1999). While all wilderness areas should be inventoried and studied, some are too sensitive to be open to public recreation of even the most conscientious eco-tourist. West Anacapa is closed to the public to protect the brown pelicans. The plants and fungi of the island can only be collected for a short period each year usually before the pelicans begin nesting in November and December. We feel lucky to have visited the island. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank our reviewers, Alan Fryday (MSU), Caleb Morse (KANU), and Michaela Schmull (FH), for their many excellent comments, as well as our editor Scott White. We thank Kate Faulkner, Chief of Natural Resources at Channel Islands National Park, for her support of our research and Sarah Chaney, NPS ecologist and botanist, for arranging and guiding us on our two visits to West Anacapa Island. We thank J. Giles Waines, director of the UCR Herbarium, for his constant support on our research. We thank Hanna Knudsen for her help with clerical work and research. We thank Thomas H. Nash (ASU) for his hospitality during Knudsen’s visit to the ASU Lichen Herbarium. The work of Kerry Knudsen was supported by a co-operative agreement between the National Park Service and UCR. The work of Jana Kocourkova was supported financially by the grant “Environmental aspects of sustainable development of society” 42900/1312/423114 from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. LITERATURE CITED Breuss, O. 2007[2008]. Verrucaria. In: T. H. Nash III, C. Gries and F. Bungartz (eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Pages 335-377, Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. Ertz, D., C. Christnach, M. Wedin, M. and P. Diederich. 2005. A World Monograph of the Genus Plectocarpon (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 91. J. Cramer, Berlin & Stuttgart. 155 pp. Ertz, D. and A. Tehler. 2010. The phylogeny of Arthoniales (Pezizomycotina) inferred from nucLSU and RPB2 sequences. Fungal Diveristy. Online First. DOI: 10.1 007/s 1 3225-0 10-0080-y (Hardcopy page numbers not yet released). 48 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Giralt, M., F. Bungartz & J.A. Elix. 2011. The identity of Buellia sequax. Mycological Progress 10: 115-119. Grube, M. 2007[2008]. Arthonia, in: T.H. Nash III, C. Gries and F. Bungartz (eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 5, Pages 39-61. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. Knudsen, K. 2008. The Lichens on San Miguel Island, Channel Islands National Park, California: A Preliminary Checklist. Crossosoma 34: 57-75. Knudsen, K. 2009. The Lichen Flora of East Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Park, Ventura County, California. Evansia 26: 144-147. Knudsen, K. and J. Kocourkova. 2009. Lichens, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of the Santa Monica Mountains, Part 4: Additions and Corrections to the Annotated Checklist. Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 29^18. Knudsen, K. and J. Kocourkova. 2010. A new species of Stigmidium from corticolous Caloplaca in southern California (U.S.A.) and Baja California (Mexico). In: T, H. Nash III et al. (eds.) Biology of Lichens - Symbiosis, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Systematics, Cyber Applications. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 105: 25-31. J. Cramer in der Gebriider Bomtraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. Knudsen, K. and J. C. Lendemer. 2007. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi: notes on some North American taxa. Mycotaxon 101: 81-87. Knudsen, K. and J. C. Lendemer. 2009. Cladonia maritima , a new species in the C. cervicornis group from western North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 121-124. Kocourkova, J. and K. Knudsen. 2009. Stigmidium epistigmellum (Mycosphaerellaceae), a lichenicolous fungus from maritime Caloplaca in North America. The Bryologist 112: 578-583. Kocourkova, J., K. Knudsen and O. Breuss. 2009. New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi for California. Crossosoma 35: 82-86. Kocourkova, J. and K. Knudsen. . 2010. A new species of Dacampia (Dacampiaceae) on Lecania fuscella. In: T, H. Nash III et al. (eds.) Biology of Lichens - Symbiosis, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Systematics, Cyber Applications. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 105: 33-36. J. Cramer in der Gebriider Bomtraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. Lendemer, J. C., J. Kocourkova and K. Knudsen. 2009. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi: more notes on taxa from North America. Mycotaxon 108:491^197. Nash III, T. H., B. D. Ryan, C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. 532 pp. Nash III, T.H., B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (eds.). 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 49 Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. 744 pp. Nash III, T.H., C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (eds.) 2007 [2008]. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. 567 pp. Schoenherr, A. A., C.R. Feldmeth, M.J. Emerson. 1999. Natural History of the Islands of California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 491 pp. Schultz, M. 2004. Lempholema. In: T.H. Nash III, B.D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries, and F. Bungartz (eds.). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Pages 320-322. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. van den Boom, P. P. G., H. Sipman and J. A. Elix. 2007. Protoparmelia. In: T. H. Nash, III, C. Gries and F. Bungartz (eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Pages 392-393. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe. 50 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 THREATS TO AN EXTREME ENDEMIC: CHENOPODIUM FLA BELLIFOLIUM (AM ARANTHACEAE) ON ISLA SAN MARTIN. Sula Vanderplank Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N College Ave, Claremont, CA 9171 1 sula.vanderplank@gmail.com Sergio Mata Terra Peninsular A. C. Mina 111, Fracc. Bahia, Ensenada BC Mexico 22880 sergio@terrapeninsular.org ABSTRACT: Chenopodium flabellifolium (San Martin goosefoot) is endemic to the small Pacific island of San Martin (Baja California). It is only known to occur on the southeastern side of the island, making its global range less than one square km (~0.5 mi2). Four years of observations on this species reveal that its development is not synchronous, and seeds are shed very quickly after they mature. Construction of an abalone farm in occupied C. flabellifolium habitat on the eastern coast of the island currently threatens this extreme endemic. Competition from invasive species is a potential concern. Recommendations include restricting expansion of the Abalone farm towards the northern portion of the island, and avoiding expansion of the seasonal fishing village. We recommend this extreme endemic for listing under the Mexican Federal Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM- 059-ECOL list of species at risk. Further research into the ecology of this species would inform conservation efforts. RESUMEN (espanol): Chenopodium flabellifolium (San Martin pie de ganso) es endemica de la Isla San Martin, una pequena isla del Oceano Pacifico. Solo se encuentra en el lado sureste de la isla, siendo su rango global en menos de un kilometro cuadrada (0.5 mi2). Cuatro anos de observation de esta especie revelan que en su desarrollo no presenta sincronismo y sus semillas se dispersan en cuanto la planta madura. La construction de una granja de cultivo de abulon en operation en el habitat de Chenopodium flabellifolium sobre la parte este de la costa de la isla actualmente amenaza este endemismo. La competencia por especies invasoras es una preocupacion potencial. Para su protection, se recomienda que los futuros desarrollos se realicen a traves de la portion norte de la isla y detener la expansion del campo pesquero estacional. Se recomienda que esta endemica extrema sea enlistada bajo la Norma Federal Mexicana NOM-059-ECOL que enlista las especies en riesgo. Una mayor busqueda en la ecologia de esta especie podria proporcionar esfuerzos de conservation. KEYWORDS: Conservation, Baja California, distribution. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 51 INTRODUCTION Isla San Martin is the southernmost of the continental shelf islands on the Pacific coast of peninsular California (Junak & Philbrick 1994) with elevation <140 m; it sits three miles (five kilometers) off-shore, near the mainland town of San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. The island is less than one square mile in area, composed of volcanic bedrock dating from the late Pleistocene (Luhr et al 1995), and has no fresh water other than rainfall and condensation. There is a seasonal fishing village but no permanent human settlement (Vanderplank & Mata 2010). The island has seven endemic vertebrates, including one ( Neotoma martinensis Goldman) presumed extinct (Samaniego-Herrera et al 2007), but just one endemic plant: Chenopodium flabellifoliim Standley (Thome & Junak 1989, Junak & Philbrick 1994). Chenopodium flabellifoliim (San Martin goosefoot) is a diminutive herb, with gray foliage and small, more or less triangular (flabelliform) leaves, and is currently classified in the family Amaranthaceae (Stevens 2001). It is not showy and, although collected in 1897 (Brandegee, UC 116454), and described in 1916 by Standley, still little is known about its ecology. Originally thought to be conspecific with C. neomexicanum Standi, (synonym: C. hians Standi., C. leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt, ex S. Watson), studies on seed surface structure and leaf chemistry have shown that C. flabellifoliim in fact belongs to a different section of the genus and its closest relative is actually the widespread C.fremontii S. Watson (Crawford & Evans 1978). Although the San Martin goosefoot is the only native Chenopodium on the island, C. murale L. (nettleleaf goosefoot) is present in large numbers. Plants of both species can take on a reddish color when under environmental stress, such that they can be difficult to distinguish (Figure 1 ). Scent is a very useful field character with C. flabellifoliim having a potent mephetic odor not dissimilar to guano (Vanderplank et al personal observation 2008) whereas C. murale is relatively odorless. METHODS As part of ongoing floristic research in the area, we have made five field trips to Isla San Martin Island in the last four years: February 2006 (5 days); April 2008 (4 days); June 2008 (1 day); July 2009 (5 days) and October 2009 (1 day). In the summer of 2009 during plant surveys on San Martin Island, we took the opportunity to record and map all individuals of C. flabellifoliim that we encountered. Most of the island was covered on foot during the five days of fieldwork, and the number of individuals at each site was recorded. 52 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Our results indicate that C. flabellifolium is restricted to the southeast portion of the island (Figure 2). The population extends from a sheltered plateau just south of the peak, ca. 1 80 m (600 ft) elevation, down the southeastern flank, to the edge of the coastal strand vegetation. The plants were usually found growing in protected areas amongst the lava rocks, and most frequently on south-facing Figure 1: Chenopodium flabellifolium (left) as compared to the weedy invasive Chenopodium murale (right). Photo: S. Vanderplank, 2009. RESULTS Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 53 slopes. Although distribution may vary from year to year, we hypothesize that climatic factors limit the distribution of this narrowly endemic species, and that the southeastern comer of the island provides a moister and more sheltered habitat than the exposed windward northern and western portions of the island, where this species is not found. The available literature, including the type description (Standley 1917), does not 0 0.25 0.75 1 Km Oceano Pacifico / Pacific Ocean 585500 SIMB0L0GIA / KEY Chenopodium flabellifolium Matorral costero / Dry scrub Brecha / Dirt track Marisma / Salt marsh Curvas de Nivel / Level Curves Laguna / Lagoon Dunas / Dunes Pioyeccon / Piojection Datum Reticula / Gods UTW Zona 11 WGSS4 500 mti FUENTE DE NFOR MAC ION SOURCE INEGI CONABlO CONANP Figure 2: Map of Isla San Martin, showing occurences of Chenopodium jiabel- lifolium. 54 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 indicate whether C. flabellifolium is annual or perennial. Mature plant size varies considerably, raising the possibility that it may have a facultative biennial life history. The population size of C. flabellifolium appears to fluctuate with rainfall. We found no plants during 2006 (a comparatively dry year). Individual C. flabellifolium plants do not appear to develop and mature simultaneously, thus plants are often found in different phenological stages (e.g., some are still seedlings while other may have already dropped the majority of their seeds). Additionally, once seed matures it is shed very rapidly, making seed collection difficult even if plants are fairly abundant. Notably, a visit in September found the immature plants documented in June had already dropped their seed and many of them had dried up completely. Three attempts have been made to contribute to a long-term conservation seed bank for C. flabellifolium, but success was limited to just one of the trips owing to this asynchronous phenology and the brief period of mature seed availability on the plants. THREATS Although often seen co-occurring, the non-native C. murale does not appear to be out-competing the endemic C. flabellifolium at the time of writing. Isla San Martin is relatively young geologically and has a very patchy and thin soil profile. We believe the island is still undergoing an active process of floristic change owing to succession (Vanderplank & Mata 2010). It is possible that soil development over time may give a competitive edge to invasive species on the island, which could pose a future threat to the endemic population. Isla San Martin is under consideration for inclusion in a Federal Biosphere Natural Protected Area that would include all the Pacific islands in Mexico (SEMARNAT 2009). However, the seasonal fishing village is located in the area with the highest C. flabellifolium density, and in 2009, for the first time, the 15 year concession of the federal maritime terrestrial zone was awarded by the Mexican government, allowing the development 43,000 m2(4.3 ha, or 10.6 acres). The concession was authorized for aquiculture and fish farming by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resource [SEMARNAT] and, under the terms of the concession, an abalone farm is being constructed on the east coast of the island. Site preparation recently began near the northern edge of the documented C. flabellifolium population. Any construction-related loss of occupied habitat would significantly impact this species, given that it is currently found within an area of less than 1 square km (half a square mile) globally. Future impacts of the village and abalone farm could include trampling C. flabellifolium plants or altering soil conditions; introduction of additional invasive species; changes to natural drainage patterns; Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 55 or other effects. Any of these would further significantly affect C. flabellifolium and its habitat. CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS To reduce impacts to the range and genetic diversity of this plant, our conservation recommendations center on avoiding direct impacts and habitat disturbance throughout its known range. Chenopodium flabellifolium is one of the narrowest endemic plants in Baja California and we recommend it for listing under the Mexican Federal NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-ECOL list of species at risk. We recommend that further construction and vegetation clearance for the abalone farm cease or expand only to the north, and avoid expansion to the south and west where C. flabellifolium is more abundant. The existing seasonal fishing village should not be expanded, particularly not inland. Care should be taken to avoid habitat disturbance in the south-east section of the island whenever possible, and the impacts of invasive species should be monitored and their populations controlled if necessary. Long-term monitoring on the phenology and distribution of this extreme endemic would inform future conservation efforts on the island. We also recommend further study of C. flabellifolium s life history, soil and habitat affiliations, interactions with non-native species (in particular C. murale ), and responses to weather patterns which could inform further conservation management. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sincere thanks are extended to Sarah Ratay, Peter Dixon and Gonzalo Rodriguez for help surveying this taxon in 2009. Thanks are also given to Duncan Bell, Jorge Ochoa, Dylan Hannon, Alan Harper, Jo Anna Jarvis, Tony LaFetra, Susan Jett, Barbara Eisenstein, Josh Koepke and Valentin Arvizu for field help on other occasions. We also thank Gonzalo Rodriguez for assistance with the Spanish translation of our website that features the distribution of this species and others from the island ( http://www.rsabg.org/research/succulent~scrub-perennial- plants-of-san-martin-island). The editorial assistance of Lucinda McDade, Richard Felger, Steve Junak and Scott White is appreciated. We thank Reyes Guerrero Sandoval for his support of our research. We are most grateful to the Cactus and Succulent Society of America for funding the fieldwork that made this research possible and to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Terra Peninsular A. C. for ongoing support of studies in this region. 56 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 LITERATURE CITED Crawford, D. J. & K. A. Evans. 1978. The Affinities of Chenopodium flabellifolium (Chenopodiaceae): Evidence from Seed Coat Surface and Flavonoid Chemistry. Brittonia 30(3): 313-318. Junak, S. A. & R. Philbrick. 1994. The Flowering Plants of San Martin Island, Baja California, Mexico. The Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources, (ed) Flalvorson, W. L. & G. J Maender. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA. 429-447. Luhr, J. F., Aranda-Gomez, J. J. & T. B. Housh. 1995. San Quintin Volcanic Field, Baja California Norte, Mexico: Geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100 (B7) 10,353-10,380. Samaniego Herrera, A., A. Peralta Garda & A. Aguirre Munoz (Eds.) 2007. Vertebrados de las islas del Pacifico de Baja California. Guia de campo. Gruop de Ecologia y Conservacion de Islas, A. C. Ensendada, 178 pp. SEMARNAT. 2009. Avances de la Creadon de la Reserva de la Biosfera de las Islas del Pacifico de Baja California, http://www.semarnat.gob.mx/ estados/bajacaliforniasur/noticias/Pages/boletin 1 8. aspx (accessed February 2010). Standley, PC. 1917. Chenopodiales. Chenopodiaceae. N. Amer. FI. 21(1): 19. Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since], http.V/www.mobot. org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ (accessed February 2010). Thome, R F. & S. A. Junak. 1989. The Vascular Plants of Isla San Martin, Baja California, Mexico. Crossosoma 15(1) 5-7. Vanderplank, S. & S. Mata. 2010 The Succulent Scrub of San Martin Island, Baja California, Mexico. Cactus and Succulent Journal 82(2): 2-8. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 57 NEW RECORDS OF LICHENS AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI FOR CALIFORNIA II. Kerry Knudsen The Herbarium, Dept, of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside CA, 9252-0124, USA knudsen@ucr.edu Jana Kocourkova Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic kocourkovaj@fzp.czu.cz ABSTRACT: Caloplaca austrocitrina is reported new to North America from Ballona Creek in Playa del Rey. A further five lichens are reported new to California: Acarospora stapfiana, Glypholecia scabra and Rinodina castanomela from the Clark Mountains, Placynthiella dasaea from central California, and Verrucaria sandstedei from Crystal Cove State Park in Orange County, Point Lobos and Santa Rosa Island. KEYWORDS: Biodiversity, marine lichens, lichenicolous lichens THE SPECIES 1. Acarospora stapfiana (Miill. Arg.) Hue occurs in Asia (Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey) and western North America where it is common member of the Great Basin lichen biota, and further south into northern Arizona and New Mexico (Knudsen 2007). It is a yellow lichenicolous lichen growing on calcareous rock. In North America, it appears to be an obligatory juvenile parasite on Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. We report A. stapfiana as new for California, based on the following specimen from the Clark Mountains, where it was parasitic on its normal host C. trachyphylla. For description see Knudsen 2007. For pictures see St. Clair 1999 and Brodo et al. 2001. Specimen examined: San Bernardino County: Clark Mountains, Mojave National Preserve, edge of wash south of Pachalka Springs, east side of canyon, 35° 30’ 47” N 115° 37’ 19” W, 1535 m elev., on limestone and Caloplaca trachyphylla , abundant at one site, Oct. 11, 2009, Knudsen 11764, 11765, 11766 w/ Nicole Pietrasiak (UCR). 58 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 2. Caloplaca austrocitrina Vondrak, Riha, Arup & Sochting is a bright orange species with large distinctive squamules dissolving into soredia (Vondrak et al. 2009). It was recently described from Europe where it is common on concrete. Caloplaca austrocitrina was common along Ballona Creek on the south side of a concrete levee with a northern exposure, near the Culver Boulevard Bridge. The species is rare in southern California and probably occurred naturally along Ballona Creek on calcareous rock around salt marshes before urbanization. The specimen was identified by the Czech lichenologist Jan Vondrak and was verified by an unpublished molecular analysis. This is the first record for North America. Caloplaca specialist Ulf Arup believes the species will be widespread in North America (Arup, pers. comm.) The “ citrina ” group is poorly known in North America and is currently being revised in Europe and molecular analysis is revealing a number of semi-cryptic species. See for example Vondrak et al. 2009 which also has a picture of C. austrocitrina. Specimen examined: Los Angeles County: Marina del Ray: Ballona Creek, on north-facing side of levee, 35° 58’ 18” N 118° 26’ 14” W, ca. 3 m elev., March 11, 2007, Knudsen 8281 w/ Marcia Hanscom, Roy van de Hoek & Jonathan Coffin (UCR). 3. Glypholecia scabra (Pers.) Miill. Arg., like Acarospora stapfiana , is a common lichen on calcareous and silicate rock in the Great Basin biota. It has a wide geographic range, occurring in southeast Asia, Europe, and North Africa (Ryan 2002). We report it as new for California, based on the following specimen from the Clark Mountains, where it was rare. For a description see Ryan 2002. For pictures see St. Clair 1999 and Brodo et al. 2001. (We have not yet seen a picture that catches the beauty or even accurately represents the intricacy of its compound apothecia but the pictures cited will give you a rough search image.) The genus concept is poorly supported morphologically. For instance, in the Acarosporaceae, in another paraphyletic genus, Polysporina simplex (Taylor) Vesda frequently has compound apothecia, and probably belongs in Acarospora. Specimen examined: San Bernardino County: Clark Mountains, Mojave National Preserve, ridge below Clyde Peak, 35° 30’ 48” N 115° 36’ 11” W, 1923 m elev., rare on limestone boulder, Oct. 10, 2009, Knudsen 11742 w/ Nicole Pietrasiak (UCR). 4. Placynthiella dasaea (Stirton) Tonsberg was originally reported new for North America from Washington (Tonsberg 1997). It is common in northwestern Europe (Tonsberg 1992) and central Europe (Kukwa 2000). It is a sorediate species with gyrophoric acid (C+ red). The specimen was found on the wood of an old living Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 59 oak in deep shade along Coon Creek in Montana de Oro State Park, and was rare. This is the first P dasaea report from California. For a description see Tonsberg 1992. Specimen examined: San Luis Obispo County: Montana de Oro State Park, Coon Creek, near trail, 35° 15’ 2” N 120° 52’ 12” W, 66 m elev., on dry oak wood in shady riparian area, Aug. 1, 2009, Knudsen 11511 w/ Lisa Andreano & Jana Kocourkova (UCR, Hb. Mycologicum Kocourkova & Knudsen). 5. Rinodina castanomela (Nyl.) Arnold is a saxicolous (growing on rocks) lichen with a distinctive umblicate (narrowly attached) thallus when fully mature (Sheard 2004). It occurs in the European Alps, China, and North America. Its center of distribution in North America is the Colorado Plateau. These are the first specimens from California. All three species reported from Clark Mountains in this paper are apparently strict calciphiles. Specimens examined: San Bernardino County: Clark Mountains, Mojave National Preserve, edge of wash south of Pachalka Springs, east side of canyon, 35° 30’ 44” N 115° 37’ 17” W, 1548 m, on limestone, Oct. 11, 2009, Knudsen 11754 w/ Nicole Pietrasiak (UCR); edge of wash south of Pachalka Springs, east side of canyon, 35° 30’ 50” N 115° 37’ 18” W, 1556 m, on limestone, Oct. 11, 2009, Knudsen 11 767 w/ Nicole Pietrasiak (UCR). 6. Verrucaria sandstedei B. de Lesd. is an intertidal lichen that is rare but widespread in western Europe and is identified by its long narrow ascospores (Orange et al. 2009). It is known from Washington (Ryan 1988) and British Columbia (Brodo & Sloan 2005). These specimens from Point Lobos and Santa Rosa Island are the first reports from California. The rarity of intertidal lichens along the southern and central coast of California may be partly caused by the spread of non-native algae in the tidal zone. Specimens examined: Monterey County: Point Lobos, Point Lobos State Reserve, tip of Seal Point, 36° 31’ 11” N 121° 57’ 16” W, sea level, on rocks with barnacles, submerged during daily high tides, Aug. 5, 2009, Knudsen 11525.2 w/ Jana Kocourkova (UCR); Santa Barbara County: Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, near mouth of Lobos Canyon, sandstone shelf above cove, 34° 1 ’ 9” N 120° 5’ 56” W, high intertidal just above sea level on sandstone, sometimes inundated during highest spring tides, June 13, 2009, Knudsen 11373 (UCR); Orange County: Crystal Cove State Park, beach, 33° 34’ 59” N117° 51’ 39” W, just above sea level, on tilted sandstone slab on edge of barnacle zone, inundated during daily high tides, Feb. 1 3, 20 1 1 , Knudsen 13508 w/ Dick Newell (NY, UCR). 60 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank J. W. Sheard (SASK) for verification of the identification of Rinodina castanomela and thank Jan Vondrak for identification of Caloplaca austrocitrina. Part of the work of Kerry Knudsen was supported by a co-operative agreement between Channel Islands National Park and UCR. The work of Jana Kocourkova was supported financially by the grant “Environmental aspects of sustainable development of society” 42900/1312/423114 from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. We thank Lisa Andreano and Michael Walgren of the San Simeon district of California State Parks for their hospitality. The first author thanks Nicole Pietrasiak (UCR) for our trip to the Clark Mountains as well as Marcia Hanscom and Roy van de Hoek for introducing him to the Ballona wetlands and a great Italian dinner too. LITERATURE CITED Brodo, I.M., S. Duran Shamoff and S. Shamoff. 2001 .Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 795 pp. Brodo, I.M. and N.A. Sloan. 2005. Lichen zonation on coastal rocks in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(3): 405-424 Knudsen K. 2007. Acarospora. In: T.H. Nash III ,C. Gries and F. Bungartz (eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Region , Vol 3, pp. 1-38, Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, Kukwa, M. 2000. Rodzaj Placynthiella (Trapeliaceae, Ascomycota lichenisati) w Polsce [The genus Placynthiella (Trapeliaceae, Ascomycota lichenisati) in Poland]. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica 7: 299-304. Orange, A., D.L. Hawksworth, P.M. McCarthy and A. Fletcher. Verrucaria In: C.W. Smith, A. Aptroot, B.J. Coppins, A. Fletcher, O.L. Gilbert, P.W. James, and P.A. Wolseley (eds.) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland , 2nd ed., pp. 931-957, British Lichen Society, London. Ryan, B.D. 1988. Marine and maritime lichens on serpentine rock on Fidalgo Island, Washington. The Bryologist 91(3): 186-190. Ryan, B.D. 2002: Glypholecia. In: T.H. Nash, III, B.D. Ryan, C. Gries and F. Bungartz, (eds.): Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region , Vol. 1, pp. 203-204, Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, Sheard, J.W. 2004. Rinodina In: T.H. Nash, III, B.D. Ryan, P. Diderich, C. Gries and F. Bungartz, (eds.): Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3, pp. 467-502, Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 61 St. Clair, L. L. 1999. A Color Guidebook to Common Rocky Mountain Lichens. M.L. Bean Life Science Museum of Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 242 pp. Tonsberg, T. 1992. The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1-331. Tonsberg, T. 1997 [1998]. Additions to the lichen flora of North America VI. The Bryologist 100(4): 522-524. Tonsberg, T. 1999. Additions to the lichen flora of North America VII. Some species found on Waadah Island, Washington. The Bryologist 102(1): 133-134. Vondrak, J., P. Riha, U. Arup & U. Sochting. 2009. The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teleoschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. Lichenologist 41(6): 571-604. 62 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 NOTEWORTHY COLLECTION SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Astragalus insularis Kellogg var. harwoodii Munz (Fabaceae) - San Bernardino County. Duncan S. Bell & Amanda S. Turek # 730 9 April 2010 RSA. South end of Ward Valley, northwest of the Arica Mountains. Collection taken on south side of Highway 62 at ca. 34.098, -115.005, ca. 770 ft. elev. Only a few plants seen growing in sand dunes. Plants in flower and in fruit. With Abronia villosa, Ambrosia dumosa, Astragalus lentiginosus var. borreganus, Baileya pauciradiata, Brassica tournefortii, Croton californica, Cryptantha micrantha, Cryptantha pterocarya, Dicoria canesens, Eriastrum harwoodii, Hesperocaulis undulata, Larrea tridentata, Malacothrix glabrata, Mentzelia multiflora ssp. longiloba, Palafoxia arida, Pleuraphis rigida, Schismus barbatus, Stephanomeria exigua, Tiquilia plicata. Previous knowledge. Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii occurs from northwest Mexico to western Arizona and into California’s Sonoran desert and is usually found in gravelly or sandy areas (M. F. Wojciechowski 2011 [in press], Astragalus, in B. G. Baldwin et al. [eds.], The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley; retrieved from ucjeps.berkeley. edu/jepsonmanual/review/ on 22 Aug 2010). Specimen records in the Consortium of California Herbaria ( ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium , visited 22 Aug 2010) indicate that it is found in Imperial, Riverside, and San Diego counties becoming increasingly uncommon north of Interstate 10; there are no previous records for San Bernardino County. Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii is on CNPS List 2.2, i.e., “rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere” ( cnps.site.aplus.net/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi ) visited 22 Aug 2010). Significance. This collection represents the northern and northwestern-most collection of Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii and the first collection from San Bernardino County. Two other larger A. insularis var. harwoodii occurrences were also vouchered by Bell during spring 2010. Both were farther south, in Riverside County. About forty A. insularis var. harwoodii were found approximately six miles southeast of the noteworthy collection, on the west side of the Arica Mountains, also in sand dunes (Bell and Gschwendtner 918, 2 May 2 2010 RSA, 34.031, -1 14.939, ca. 1760 ft. elev.). And thirteen plants were found approximately eleven miles southeast of the noteworthy collection in the western section of Rice Valley on the east side of the Arica Mountains, once again in sand dunes (Bell 649, 1 Apr 2010 RSA, at 34.025, -1 14.833, ca. 680 ft. elev.). These new records suggest that other Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 63 still-undocumented occurrences may be found in other unexplored and under- collected areas. It is likely that Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii could be found further to the north in the sand dunes that surround the Iron Mountains, within the Iron Mountain Solar Energy Zone (USDI Bureau of Land Management and Dept, of Energy, soloreis.onl.gov/documents/maps/studyareos/Solar_Study_Areo_ CA_Pst_7-09.pdf, accessed Aug 2010). If so, these occurrences may be under threat of future solar energy development. -Duncan S. Bell, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N. College Avenue, Claremont CA 91711 64 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 BOOK REVIEW Wild and Beautiful: A Natural History of Open Spaces in Orange County Allan A. Schoenherr. 2011. Laguna Wilderness Press. Laguna Beach, California. Paper. 217 + xiii pages. 10-digit ISBN: 0972854495. 13-digit ISBN: 978-0- 9728544-9-8. $24.95. Allan Schoenherr, author of A Natural History of California, has done it again! In an elegant, magnificently illustrated treatment of Orange County open spaces, Schoenherr has brought forward basic ecological principles, applied them to local communities and habitats, and produced a superb guide to the Natural History of Open Spaces in Orange County. This reader- friendly text by a longtime Laguna Beach ecologist is a classic that is a “must” for anyone interested in the outdoors and the ecology of the region. The book is attractively bound and contains 346 illustrations, primarily consisting of very high quality photographs but also including a few maps and drawings, and four tables. The book is exceptionally well organized into seven topically integrated chapters. The stage is set in Chapter 1 (“Orange County’s Public Lands”) with a lovely photographic sequence and narration describing the mosaic of Federal, State, County and Privately managed parks, reserves, and conservancies. Several accurate and easily readable maps site these lands surrounded by the urban template. The graceful introduction is followed by straightforward descriptions of “Ecological Principles” in Chapter 2, incorporating good sketches of important climate and weather factors, the seasons, fire history and ecosystems. Chapter 3 is an excellent description of the county’s geology, followed by Schoenherr’s usual high quality but absolutely understandable discussion of “Plant Communities” (coastal sage scrub, chaparral, valley or coastal grassland, southern oak woodland, and riparian woodland) and the invasive plant problems these communities experience. Invertebrates and vertebrates are elegantly presented in the next two amply illustrated chapters (162 figures, including a nice image of both the Pacific pond turtle and non-native red-eared pond slider turtle in a diagnostic pose making their comparative identifications unmistakable). The final chapter (“The Intertidal Region”) completes the ecological transect by treating County sandy beach, rocky headland, and estuarine settings. Clear illustrations show the diversity of bird beak lengths and shapes, foot design and color - greatly enhancing the reader’s ability to rapidly make bird identifications in estuarine and beach habitats. The zonation within salt marshes and rocky shore communities is easily understood from attractive diagrams and good pictures. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 65 The reference section includes forty-two citations, forming a very good base from which to select additional readings or books relevant to County open space areas. The four-page index and two-page list of illustrations are complete and make it easy to locate species accounts, habitats, or images of them. Clear and well-chosen photographs are an unforgettable hallmark of this book. From a lovely picture of the UC Natural Reserve System’s San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve to facing full-page illustrations of sites with coastal sage draped on the County’s attractive foothills, the book is gem. No one knows Orange County open spaces better than Allan Schoenherr, and he has again communicated his knowledge in a fabulous way! I most strongly recommend this book for use by anyone interested in the County’s out-of-doors from naturalists to hikers and cyclists. The book is very suitable for classroom use directed toward high school and college clienteles. Although I have a copy, I’m buying several more to give to friends. “Wild and Beautiful” is a jewel, and is available at a very attractive price. -Peter A. Bowler Senior Lecturer in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, pabowler@uci. edu 66 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS to CROSSOSOMA: Journal of The Southern California Botanists, Inc. CROSSOSOMA is published twice per year to disseminate information of interest to professional and amateur botanists in Southern California. We are interested in articles and short notes on all regional botanical topics, including floristic compilations, plant ecology, horticulture, natural history, anatomy, physiology, revegetation, rare plants, invasive plants, noteworthy collections, book reviews, and historical notes. Our focus is on both vascular and non- vascular plants of southern California and adjacent, floristically related regions. We encourage submissions of studies, informal notes, observations, and opinion pieces, from academic, professional, and amateur authors. We sincerely believe that everyone interested in this field has some meaningful botanical observation or insight that warrants sharing in these pages. This information is invaluable, yet is at risk of permanent loss if it goes unrecorded. We offer CROSSOSOMA as a venue to pass it along. Please contact the editors to submit pieces for publication or to share ideas for possible articles (contact information below). SUBMISSION OF ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS Manuscripts intended for inclusion in CROSSOSOMA may be submitted directly to the editor (address below). Please do not submit material that has been simultaneously submitted elsewhere. The contents of a manuscript should have its origin with the author(s). Complete and appropriate citations should be provided for any information that is not original. Formal articles and lengthier contributions will be circulated for peer review. 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Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 67 PAGE CHARGES CROSSOSOMA is printed in black-and-white on matte paper; for this format, there are no page charges assessed for contributors. Paper reprints generally are provided only on arrangement with the editors. We will consider publishing color images on a case by case basis, based on publication budget, quality of the submitted images, and added scientific value of color vs. black and white images. Authors may wish to contribute toward publication of color images. The cover of each CROSSOSOMA issue is printed in color; the editors invite authors to submit color photographs or illustrations for the cover of the issue in which their contributions appear. FORMAT Software. Manuscripts should be submitted electronically as Microsoft Word documents. Tables, figures, or appendices should be submitted as separate files in appropriate formats (e.g., .pdf, .xls, .jpg, .tif). Other paper or electronic formats may be accepted by arrangement with the editors. Please avoid specialized line spacing, text blocking, heading or subheading commands, and other formatting or styles. Page, line, and typeface format. Please use Times New Roman, 12 pt., or a similar font; double space throughout; leave the right-hand margin unjustified; and minimize formatting complexity throughout the manuscript, including tables and figures. Use only a single space at the end of each sentence. Include a header on each page with the author’s name(s) and an abbreviated manuscript title. Please include page numbers in a header or footer. A general format guide for manuscripts is shown in Figure 1 (next page). Tables and figures. Place tables and figures on separate pages at the end of the manuscript (following Literature Cited) or in separate files. Table and figure captions may be on the page with their respective table or figure, or may be on a separate caption page. Tables, appendices, and illustrations must be designed for a print area of approximately 1 1 x 16 cm (414 x 614“) per page, with symbols and other details legible when printed at this size. Maps must include scale bars so that scale will remain accurate if the map is reduced for printing. Maps must provide some geographic context such as latitude/longitude, well known landmarks, or an inset map at smaller scale 68 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 MANUSCRIPT TITLE (double spaced, all caps, bold, centered) Authors Name(s) (bold, centered) Author’s affiliation(s) and contact information (double spaced, centered) ABSTRACT: (all caps, bold): Text double spaced, begins on same line. KEYWORDS: (all caps, bold): Keywords themselves double spaced, begins on same line. PRIMARY HEADINGS (e g., INTRODUCTION, METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, LITERATURE CITED) (all caps, bold) Text double spaced; begins on new line. Secondary Headings (e.g., Study Area, Experimental Design, Data Analysis) (bold) Text double spaced; begins on new line. Tertiary Headings (bold, italics). Text double spaced; begins on same line. Quaternary Headings (underline). Text double spaced; begins on same line. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (all caps, bold): Text double spaced; begins on same line. LITERATURE CITED (double spaced; do not indent) APPENDIX (e g., CHECKLIST) (all caps, bold, centered, double spaced) Figure 1: General formatting for CROSSOSOMA manuscripts. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 69 to indicate general location. Photographs should be submitted full size in either .jpg or .tif formats, at 300 dpi resolution. Authors may wish to submit a separate “mock-up” version of the manuscript in .pdf format to recommend placement and appearance of illustrations, charts, or specialized design or formatting requirements. WRITING STYLE General Writing should be simple and direct. Articles should be as long and complex as necessary for the subject matter, but no longer. Please organize the text carefully using headings and subheadings. Try to be certain that each piece of information is stated only once, as clearly as possible, in the most appropriate section. Please use active voice and first-person pronouns (“we selected four study sites; I observed the populations over the course of six growing seasons”). Limit the passive voice to statements emphasizing the object acted upon, or where the actor is unimportant to the action (“the data were compiled”). Please avoid wordy phrases that may be shortened or eliminated. For example, the words “this species” can usually be replaced with “it”; the phrase “is known to” can almost always be deleted with no information lost. “Now” can usually be omitted, except when there is likelihood of confusion with the past or future. Where clarification is needed, “now” should not be replaced with wordy alternatives (e.g., “at the present juncture”). Please write as precisely as possible. Take special care with potentially ambiguous terms such as “population,” which implies reproductive isolation from other populations, and may be confusing where referring to the plants of a given taxon growing at a particular location. We suggest Strunk and White (1999) as a general guide. There also are numerous style guides for scientific and general writing available online and in more formal publications. A few are listed as examples of Literature Cited, below. Vouchers, Voucher Citations, and Floristic Documentation Floras and checklists should be based on voucher specimens, cited in the manuscript or in an appendix, indicating the collector, number or date of collection, and the herbarium where each specimen is housed (e.g., J. Wood 65 7 RSA or S. White s.n. 12 Jul 1998 UCR). Standardized herbarium acronyms may be found in Thiers (online; see Literature Cited, below). Floristic studies not supported by vouchers, or based on vouchers not yet accessioned into a recognized herbarium, may be considered on a case by case basis, but generally will be discouraged. 70 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Nomenclature Please use the Latin names of plant taxa throughout the manuscript. The taxonomic authority for each taxon should follow the taxon name the first time that it appears in the main body of the text (but not the abstract). In manuscripts containing detailed appendices (e.g., checklists), authorities need not be provided in main text but should appear in each entry of the appendix. The first use of the Latin name in any paragraph should be spelled out ( Genus species subsp. subspecies ). Additional appearances of the name in the same paragraph may be abbreviated (G. species subsp. subspecies or G. s. subsp. subspecies ) except at the beginning of a sentence or where the abbreviation would cause ambiguity. Use the abbreviations “subsp.” for subspecies and “var.” for variety. Taxonomy and nomenclature should generally conform to a widely available reference such as Hickman (ed., 1993). If other nomenclature is used, please also provide more familiar synonyms. At their option, authors may also provide common names for selected taxa (e.g., in an introductory section or in a checklist) but common names should not stand alone anywhere in the manuscript. Common names should be in lower case, except when they include proper nouns (e.g., coast live oak, Engelmann oak). Where a Latin name also serves as a common name, it should not be capitalized (e.g., Charlotte’s phacelia). Abbreviations Words or phrases that have fairly standard and widely recognized abbreviations may be used, e.g., “mi” (mile), “ft” (feet), “m” (meter), “cm” (centimeter). Spell out the numbers one through ten and any number at the beginning of a sentence. Acronyms should be defined on first appearance. Calendar Dates Please report dates in the format day month year, with the name of the month abbreviated in three letters (e.g., 10 Feb 2010). Date formats using numbers for months are inherently ambiguous (10-2-2010 vs. 2-10-2010). Units of Measure We recommend metric units for most purposes, excluding latitude/longitude. However, due to the ubiquity of USGS topographic maps and data derived from them, we recommend reporting elevations in both feet and meters. Please report latitude and longitude using degrees and minutes. Minutes may be reported in decimal format (e.g., 34° 06.70’ N) or more traditional degrees/minutes/seconds Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 3 5185 00268 0351 (34° 06’ 42” N). At their option, authors may also provide UTM location data. GPS data should specify its datum reference (generally NAD 83). Please avoid reporting false precision in elevation, latitude, longitude, or other data. For instance, hand held GPS units commonly report latitude and longitude to five places past the decimal (e.g., 34.00412° N), though only the first three of those are meaningful within the units’ typical margins of error. Authors should bear in mind that 0.001° of latitude in southern California is a distance of about 1 1 m (36 ft) and that 0.00001° of latitude is about 1 dm. Similarly, generalized elevation data should be reported to the same number of significant figures when converted to other units. Thus, 900 m, reported to one significant figure, is about 3,000 ft, rather than 2,952 ft. Definitions and correct use of significant figures are covered in most Introductory college chemistry textbooks and online sources. Errata The editors encourage readers and authors to point out errata they may encounter in CROSSOSOMA for publication and correction in a subsequent issue. Citations Within text. With the exception of “common knowledge,” any information that is not original to the author should be supported by one or more citations, by author and date. Within text, these may take the form “Smith (2009) reported that the flowers are yellow” or “The flowers are yellow (Smith 2009).” Cite works by two authors as: (Smith and Jones 2010). If there are three or more authors, use the form: (Smith et al. 2010). Where two or more citations appear together, list them chronologically, separated by a semicolon, as: (Smith 2009; Jones 2010). If there is no publication date on a paper report, cite it as: Smith (no date). Where appropriate, replace the publication date with the words “in review” or “in press.” Where personal communications or unpublished notes are cited, provide affiliation or other information to identify the person (e.g., “pers. comm., G. Wallace, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad, California” or “unpublished data, J. M. Porter, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden”). For online publications, cite the date if one is provided by the site. If no date is provided, do not use the access date as a citation. Instead, cite it as: Smith (online). Literature Cited. Please be certain that every work cited in the text is included in the literature cited section, and vice versa. Citations should be in order alphabetically by 1st author, then grouped by number of authors (one, two, or more), alphabetically and then chronologically within each group. In general, use the format seen in most biological sciences journals. Please double space the 72 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall-Winter 2010 Literature Cited section and avoid indentation or other formatting commands. Do not use italics or boldface for the titles or volumes of articles, books, or journals. Capitalize book titles but not article, chapter, report, or web site titles; do not abbreviate book or journal titles. Do not use postal codes to identify states. Some examples are provided below. Books. Provide the name(s) of the author(s) or editor(s), year of publication, title, publisher, location (city and state; exclude state if part of publisher’s name; include country if outside the US). Number of pages is optional. Indicate “eds.” if it is an edited volume. Authors may wish to omit the words “a” or “ the ” if either one is the first word of the title. University of Chicago Press Staff. 2003. Chicago Manual of Style , 15th ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. DiTomaso, J.M. and E.A. Healy. 2007. Weeds of California and Other Western States, Vols. 1 and 2. Publication 3488, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland. Gamer, B.A. 2009. Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford Unviersity Press, Oxford, UK. Hickman, J.C. (ed.) 1993 .Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley. Holland, V.L. and D.J. Keil. 1995. California Vegetation. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. Lincoln, R., G. Boxshall, and P. Clark. 1998. Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Strunk, W. and E.B. White. 1999. The Elements of Style, 4th ed. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, Massachusetts. Articles Published in Journals. Provide the name(s) of the author(s), year of publication, title, name of journal, volume number, and page numbers: Clifton, G.L., R. Buck, and S.R. Hill. 2009. A new Sidalcea (Malvaceae) from northeastern California. Madrono 56:285-292. Scott, J.M., D. D. Goble, J. A. Wiens, D. S. Wilcove, M. Bean, and T. Male. 2005. Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 73 Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: the need for a new approach. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:383-389. Articles or Chapters Published in Books. Provide the author(s), year of publication, and title as above (for article citations). Following the title, provide the book reference as page numbers , editors, book title, publisher and location information as above (for book citations). Barkworth, M.E. 2003. Spartina. Pages 240-250 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.), Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. Ferren, W.R. Jr. 1989. Recent research on and new management issues for southern California estuarine wetlands. Pages 55-79 in A. A. Schoenherr (ed.) Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California. Special Publication No. 3, Southern California Botanists, Claremont. Grewell, B.J., J.C. Callaway, and W.R. Ferren, Jr. 2007. Estuarine wetlands. Pages 124-154 in M.G. Barbour, T. Keeler- Wolf, and A.A. Schoenherr (eds.), Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd ed. University of California Press, Berkeley. Unpublished Reports. Please use the author’s or publisher’s recommended citation if one is provided, with formatting changes as needed to conform to CROSSOSOMA style. Otherwise, please provide, to the extent possible, the authors, report title, name of the publishing agency or entity, and enough additional information to enable a reader to find the publication. Please use a person’s name as author if one is available. If an agency is named as author, please use the full agency name and, if an acronym is used in the article’s text, include it in parentheses. If the report is available online, please provide the URL (in italics) and access date. US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1 984. Recovery plan for salt marsh bird’s- beak ( Cordylanthus maritimus subsp. maritimus). US Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon. 92 pp. Online: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery _plan/851206. pdf (accessed 11 Jan 2010). Zedler, J.B. 1982. The ecology of southern California coastal salt marshes: a community profile. FWS/OBS-81/54, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. 1 10 pp. Web citations. For all citations to web sites, please provide URLs but remove the default MS Word hyperlink formatting and use italics, instead. Cite the URL as 74 Crossosoma 36(2), Fall- Winter 2010 follows. “Online: http://URL (accessed day-month-year).” For reports or articles not inherently web-based, such as the US Fish and Wildlife Service recovery plan cited above, please provide a standard citation and add the URL if the report can be downloaded from a stable online site. For reports or articles that are primarily web-based, please modify the formats described above for articles published in journals or for unpublished reports, with appropriate data from the web site. Do not cite the URLs of web pages generated by a specific search or query such as search results from CNPS or the Consortium of California Herbaria. Instead, please cite the URL of the search page. See examples below. California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2011. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-01a). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Online: http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/ (accessed 10 Feb 2011). Consortium of California Herbaria. 2010. Online: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ consortium/ { accessed 22 Feb 2010). May, M.R., M.C. Provance, A.C. Sanders, N.C. Ellstrand, and J. Ross-Ibarra. 2009. A Pleistocene clone of Palmer’s oak persisting in Southern California. PLoS ONE 4(12): e8346. Online: http://www.plosone.org/article/info.doi/10.1371/ journal. pone. 00083 46 (accessed 11 Jan 2010). Thiers, B. Online. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, http:// sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 31 Mar 2010). Tischler, M.E. Online. Scientific writing booklet. http://www/biochem.arizona. edu/marc/Sci-Writing.pdf. (accessed 29 Dec 2010). EDITORS Scott D. White, Aspen Environmental Group, 201 North First Ave., St. 102, Upland, CA 9 1786, scottbioservices@verizon.net Michael Honer, 874 Fortuna Lane, Isla Vista, CA 93117, mihoner@earthlink.net Southern California Botanists, Inc. - Founded 1927 - http ://www. socalbot.org Membership, Subscriptions, and Back Issues Individual and Family Memberships in SCB are $25 per calendar year domes- tic, and $35 per year to foreign addresses. Membership includes two issues of CROSSOSOMA, and 5 or 6 issues of Leaflets , the newsletter of SCB. Leaflets provides time-dated information on activities and events that may be of interest to our membership. A subscription to CROSSOSOMA is available to libraries and institutions at the domestic rate of $35 per calendar year, and $45 to foriegn in- stitutions. Back issues (Volume 35 - present) are available for $7 each, postpaid. Volumes 18-34 are available at $6 each. Prior to 1990, CROSSOSOMA included time-dated notices to the membership and was published six times a year. These back issues of Volumes 1 - 17 are $0.50 each, postpaid. Some back issues that are out of stock may be provided as photocopies. Available SCB Special Publications Prices include California State sales tax, handling, and domestic postage No. 1 A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau , by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thome, 30 pp $7.00 No. 3 Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California , Proceedings of the 15th Annual SCB Symposium, edited by Allan A. Schoenherr, 114 pp $12.00 No. 4 Flora and Ecology of the Santa Monica Mountains , 1 94 pp $40.00 Cryptantha of Southern California , M. G. Simpson and K. E Hasenstab [from Crossosoma 35(1): 1-59, 2009] $10.00 Herbarium Specimens as Documents: Purposes and General Collecting Tech- niques, by T. S. Ross [from Crossosoma 22(1): 3-39, 1996] $3.95 each; 10 for $22.50 Applications for membership, requests for purchases of Special Publications and back issues, name or address corrections, and requests for replacement of lost or damaged CROSSOSOMA issues should be sent to: Southern California Botanists, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA. 91711, USA Consult our website for current contact information: http://www.socalbot.org Make checks out to Southern California Botanists, or SCB. Southern California Botanists c — cd U Q Ed H C/5 Ed a Ed Ed y > * Ed C/3 C/3 C/3 Ed £ a o < &s §1- •go x -P. ca ^ _ J cd cd OJ ■C c; t- " 2'hiz cd © o o C/3 I— I— CD