.R74 ^^:rossosoma Journal of the Southern California Botanists, Inc. Volume 40, Number 2 2014 Southern California Botanists, Inc. - Founded 1927 - http://www.socalbot.org CROSSOSOMA (ISSN 0891-9100) is published twice a year by Southern California Botanists, Inc., a California nonprofit organization of individuals devoted to the study, conservation, and preservation of the native plants and plant communities of southern California. SCB Board of Directors for 2014 President Naomi Fraga Vice President Tommy Stoughton Secretary Erika Gardner Treasurer Carrie Kiel Webmaster Naomi Fraga Editors of Crossosoma Michelle Cloud-Hughes and Fred M. Roberts Editor of Leaflets Sarah Ratay and Tom Huggins Directors-at-large Duncan Bell Dave Bramlet Diane Cosand Kirsten Hasenstab-Lehman Bill Hoyer Tom Huggins Nick Jensen Ex ojficio Board Member Sean Lahmeyer Orlando Mistretta John Mack Mare Nazaire Jessica Orozco Joshua Paolini Jennifer Pilapil and Justin Wood J. Mark Porter Sarah Ratay Fred Roberts John Skillman Jonathan Snapp-Cook Gary Wallace Sula Vanderplank Bart O’Brien (Past President) Articles, book reviews, or other items for submission to CROSSOSOMA can be sent to the editor Michelle Cloud-Hughes (mcloudhughes(a),gmail.com) or to SCB c/o RSABG, 1500 N. College Ave, Claremont, CA 91711. Electronic submission is preferred. Please see our website, www.socalbot.org, for format guidelines. Notices of a time-dated nature (field trips, workshops, symposia, etc.) to be included in the newsletter Leaflets should be submitted to Sarah Ratay, Editor of Leaflets (sratay@ucla.edu), or mail to Sarah Ratay PhD Student UCLA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 95 1 606 Los Angeles, CA 90095- 1 606. Views published in CROSSOSOMA are those of the contributing author(s) and are not necessarily those of the editors, the membership of Southern California Botanists, Inc., or the SCB Board of Directors, unless specifically stated. Copyright © 2016 by Southern California Botanists, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to reproduce items in CROSSOSOMA, in whole or part, should be requested from the Editor. Crossosoma Volume 40, Number 2 2014 Published November 20 1 6 CONTENTS A Flora of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument, San Bernardino County, California Duncan S. Bell 31 Southern California Botanists, Anstuther Davidson, M.D. (1860-1932) Gary D. Wallace 65 Cover: Upper Photograph: An oblique aerial shot of Flat Top Mesa and Black Lava Butte taken January 20, 2012. Photo credit; Jack Thompson, Desert Preserves Manager/staff photographer. Wildlands Conservancy; Lower Photograph: Spring wildflowers in full bloom on Black Lava Butte. LuESTORTMERtZ UBRARY FEB 2 3 2017 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/crossosoma4012sout Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 31 A Flora of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument, San Bernardino, California Duncan S. Bell Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 dbell@rsabg.org ABSTRACT: Presented here is an annotated catalogue of the vascular flora of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument (SSNM) in San Bernardino County, California. The catalogue and following discussion is based on field surveys performed between 2011 and 2016. Recent threats from large-scale development initially led to the proposal of this area as the Ate ‘ivyat Area of Critical Environmental Concern. In February 2016, this area was granted even greater protection when it was designated as the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM. The following is a report on the botanical findings within the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM. A total of 280 plant taxa were found within the 10 square miles of the Unit, showing a great botanical diversity for a relatively small area. Sensitive plant species found within the Unit and those with the potential to occur are discussed. KEYWORDS: Floristics, San Bernardino Mountains, Black Lava Butte, Flat Top Mesa, Ate ‘ivyat, , Sand to Snow National Monument, conservation, development, rare plants. INTRODUCTION The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is a unique area where two large volcanic buttes or mesas, known as Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa, rise above the desert floor concealing a hidden valley between them that consists of large, sculpted, granitic boulder piles. Until recently this area had remained a virtual botanical “black hole,” with no plant collections until the past decade when botanists began visiting the area and cataloging its flora. In response to threats of large-scale industrial development, this area was initially proposed as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC). It was decided to use a Serrano name, in respect for some of the earliest people known to have called this unique area home approximately 2500 years ago and who considered it sacred. The name for the proposed ACEC was Ate ‘ivyat, which in Serrano means “rocky place.” As this publication was going to press. President Obama designated several new National Monuments, including the Sand to Snow National Monument. The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa area was included in the Sand and Snow National Monument as a satellite unit, affording it more federal protection than it would have had as an ACEC. 32 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 PHYSICAL SETTING Site location The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is loeated in San Bernardino County on the east side of the San Bernardino Mountains to the north of the community of Pioneertown. It is bordered by a number of small communities, including Flamingo Heights on the east side and Rimrock on the southwest side. The area can be accessed via a number of small dirt roads off of Old Woman Springs Road or Pipes Canyon Road. The lowest point of this unit of the Monument sits at around 3600 feet in the northeast comer, where Hondo Wash drains out and away from two large volcanic buttes. The buttes rise up out of the wash and surrounding desert floor to a height of 4480 feet on Flat Top Mesa and 4700 feet on Black Lava Butte, for a total elevation difference of 1 100 feet from lowest point to the highest point. The entire unit of the Monument is approximately 10 square miles, or about 6400 acres. In this relatively small area a large diversity of plant species can be found. Figure 1: The general location of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument, outlined in red, in relation to the San Bernardino Mountains and western Joshua Tree National Park. Each black square represents one square mile. Figure by Fred M. Roberts, Jr. July 2016 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 33 Figure 2: A map of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument, outlined in green. Topography and geology The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM consists of two large volcanic buttes or mesas which rise above the desert floor, concealing a hidden valley between them and forming part of the greater Hondo Wash drainage in the northern part of the Unit. The top of the buttes consist entirely of volcanic rocks, with large, open, flat sections of powdery volcanic silty-clay eroded soils uncommon in the region. The lava flows forming the tops of the buttes are Late Tertiary or Quaternary in age (Diblee 2008). The slopes of the buttes consist largely of steep, eroding volcanic scree/talus slopes with occasional large extrusions of granite known as Old Woman Sandstone. There are a few areas on the steep slopes of the buttes that have small patches of carboniferous limestone outcrops (personal observation). The hidden valley between the buttes consists mainly of decomposing granite, with many sections having large boulder piles similar to those found in Joshua Tree National Park. The hills to the southeast of the northeastemmost section of Black Lava Butte and north of Flat Top Mesa are made up of granite and mixed metamorphics. The northwestern comer of the Unit consists of a large granitic table eroding into large boulders, with many small canyons and a scattering of springs. Figure by Fred M. Roberts, Jr. August 2016 34 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Climate Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa receive precipitation in both winter and summer and therefore have two separate flowering times with two distinct floras. Winter brings rain and snow to the area producing, in good years, blankets of spring wildflowers such as coreopsis, desert dandelion, desert pincushion, phacelias, and popcorn flowers, among many others. So numerous are these spring annuals that the hillsides can appear painted with golden yellows from coreopsis and electric blue from desert bluebells. In the hot summer months of July, August, and September monsoonal storms often find their way into the area, causing germination of a different subset of ephemeral plants known as summer annuals. These only flower when the soil becomes excessively hot, followed by heavy saturation from summer storms. Following these storm events, entire areas can be covered with summer annuals including Amaranthus fimbhatus (fringed amaranthus), and the pungent-smelling Pec t is papposa (cinchweed). Botanical exploration of the area Despite the uniqueness of the area and a strong potential for botanical diversity, there were no botanical collections made here until 2003 when botanist Michael Honer began visiting and documenting the plants of the region, making several hundred vouchers in the northwestern section of the buttes between 2003 and 2008. There were no collections made on the buttes themselves or in the hidden valley between them until 201 1 when I visited the area and collected plants for documentation on Flat Top Mesa and the southeastern section of the hidden valley. This added more information on plant species occurrences and distribution, including the first rare species documented in the area: Saltugilia latimeri and Galium angustifolium subsp. gracillimum. In the spring of 2012, a bio-blitz sponsored by the Wildlands Conservaney was held at the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM, which was then open, unprotected BLM land. Several dozen biologists set out to document the biota of the region in an attempt to colleet as much biological information as possible to provide data showing that this area is a very diverse and unique area worthy of proteetion. While a great deal of new floristic information was added that spring, 2012 was a dry year, and very few annuals germinated. However, another rare plant, Monardella whisonii, was added to the flora. Monardella robisonii is a small shrub that occurs in boulders and is endemic to the immediate area surrounding Joshua Tree National Park. This collection is the northwestemmost location for this sensitive taxon. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 35 While there was some botanical documentation in the area in 2013 and 2014, the area did not receive enough winter precipitation to yield germination of annual species until 2015, which brought a good winter of snow and scattered rain storms. I returned to the area to collect information on annuals that occur at Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa and added a great deal to the flora. This included several new sensitive species such as the rare regional endemic Linanthus maculatus subsp. maculatus, which was found in large numbers in Hondo Wash in the northern section of the Unit. Many more species were collected and cataloged to produce this flora. Methods I performed field work throughout the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM from May 2011 to April 2016. While the majority of collections for botanical documentation were made during the spring seasons, many trips were also made in summer and fall to collect late-blooming species and summer annuals. Approximately 350 voucher specimens were made during this study. An additional 44 vouchers were made by other botanists from Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Specimens were deposited in the herbarium at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSA), with duplicates being sent to the University of California, Riverside herbarium (UCR). Species were identified using taxonomic keys and descriptions from several references including the Jepson Manual, (Hickman 1993, Baldwin et al. 2012) and the Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2014). Identifications were also verified through comparison with annotated specimens at RSA. The Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH) was used to search for collections of species not collected by the author, and these were added to the annotated checklist below. All collections are housed at RSA. FLORA The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is currently known to have 280 plant taxa in 52 families, and these numbers will no doubt continue to increase as botanists continue to visit and document the plants of the area. Twelve non-native taxa were found in the area, some of which were only known from one or a few occurrences. This low percentage (4%) of non-native taxa is a good indicator of how pristine this area is relative to other areas in southern California, where the non-native species can comprise up to 25% of the total flora (Raven et al. 1986; Roberts et al. 2004; Soza et al 2015). 36 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is home to six sensitive plant species; Euphorbia abramsiana (Abrams’ prostrate spurge) (California Rare Plant Rank 2B.2, State Rank: S2) is an annual herb found in silty soils, almost always in depressions such as dry lake bottoms, following summer monsoonal storms. In the Unit, it was only found in one location on the southeastern rim of Flat Top Mesa. While it was localized, it was locally common. It was growing on a gradual rocky volcanic slope just above the rim of Flat Top Mesa, which is not the normal habitat for this taxon. This is the westernmost location for this species in San Bernardino County and nearly as far west as this species occurs overall, with the exception of a few isolated populations in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. This is also a new addition to the flora of the greater San Bernardino Mountain area. Eschschohia androuxii (Joshua Tree poppy) (California Rare Plant Rank 4.3, State Rank: S3) is a recently-described plant species (Still 2014). This taxon went unnoticed for over a century, usually being mistaken for Eschschohia parishii. Eschschohia androuxii is commonly known as “the Joshua Tree poppy,” as it is largely found in the western half of Joshua Tree National Park, to Morongo Valley and Whitewater Canyon. The collection from the Unit is the northwestemmost known occurrence for this taxon. It was found at only one site on the north side of Flat Top Mesa. Galium angustifolium subsp. gracillimum (narrow leaved bedstraw) (California Rare Plant Rank 4.2, State Rank: S4) is a perennial subshrub that is most often found in flower or fruit in the spring but can sometimes be reproductive in the summer or fall after summer monsoonal rains. The majority of populations of this species are known from the Little San Bernardino Mountains and the east side of the San Bernardino Mountains. In the Unit, it was found at three different locations, usually growing in granitic areas or in amongst boulder piles; however, some individuals were found growing in volcanic rocks as well. Linanthus maculatus subsp. maculatus (Little San Bernardino Mountains linanthus) (California Rare Plant Rank 1 B.2, State Rank: S2) is a small ephemeral annual that is only found in the early spring after ample winter rain/snow. This Figure 3: Escshchohia androuxii Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 37 species is endemic to California and is considered to be a narrow endemic, as it is only found in the Little San Bernardino Mountains and on the east side of the San Bernardino Mountains. In the Unit, it was only found in Hondo Wash. It was found in large numbers (hundreds of individuals) on sandy/ gravelly benches in the northeastern section of the Unit, with smaller, scattered populations (dozens of individuals) in the upper part of Hondo Wash to the north of Black Lava Butte. Figure 4: Linanthus maculatus subsp. maculatus Figure 5: Monardella robisonii Monardella robisonii (Robison’s monardella) (California Rare Plant Rank IB. 3, State Rank: S3) is a perennial subshrub in the mint family (Lamiaceae) which can flower in both spring and summer following winter storms or summer monsoons. This species is a regional endemic, with most populations being found on the west side of Joshua Tree National Park. The small population here at the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is the northwestemmost location for this rare species. Individuals were found within the Unit on four separate occasions, totaling only a few dozen individuals. When encountered, plants were found in amongst the boulder piles of the hidden valley between the buttes, largely in the southern section of the valley. Saltugilia latimeri (Latimer’s woodland gilia) (California Rare Plant Rank IB. 2, State Rank: S2) is an annual herb that is only found in the spring or early summer following good winter storm events. This species is endemic to California and known from several scattered locations from northeastern Kern County in the southern Sierra Nevada, the Granite Mountains in the Mojave National Preserve, and the Santa Rosa Mountains, with the majority of populations being from the Little San Bernardino Mountains and the east side of the San Bernardino Mountains. In the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM, 38 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Saltiigilia latimeri was found multiple times on both Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa growing in steep, narrow chutes or drainages, often in areas where volcanic and granitic soils meet. Other sensitive plant taxa with potential to occur in the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument: Erigeron pom/?// (Parish’s daisy) (CRPR 1 B. 1 ) is listed by the Federal Government as Threatened and has a strong probability of occurring within the Unit. There is an occurrence (Bell 2522, RSA) just 2.5 air miles to the northwest of the Unit, another (Sanders 27203, UCR) about 3 air miles to the southeast, and a third (Bell 4840, RSA) about 5.5 air miles to the west. All of these occurrences were collected in boulder hills with similar geology to that of the hidden valley between the buttes and the boulder area in the northwest comer of the Unit. . Similarly, Astragalus bernardinus (San Bernardino milkvetch) (CRPR IB. 2) has also been found in rocky/boulder places a few miles to the south of the Unit at the Burns Pinon Ridge Reserve and about 6 air miles northwest in the Bighorn Mountains. A local resident recently found a population of this species on her private residence less than a half mile from the Unit on the west side of Black Lava Butte. When encountered, this species is often found growing up through other shmbs. Muhlenbergia appressa (appressed muhly) (CRPR 2B.2) could also be found in this habitat type. Boecliera dispar (pinyon rock cress) (CRPR 2B.3) has been collected in the rocky hills to the south and north of the Unit. This species is often found on mixed metamorphics with high levels of quartzite. Similar habitat in the Unit can be found in the east hills and in exposed bands in the hidden valley between the buttes. Figure 6: Saltugilia latimeri Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 39 Mentzelia tridentata (threetooth blazing star) (CRPR IB. 3) is most commonly known from the volcanic mountains around the Barstow area, however there is a disjunct occurrence in the localized volcanic hills around Old Woman Spring about 15 air miles to the northwest of the Unit . Being that the Unit has an abundance of volcanic soils, there is a good possibility that this rare taxon could be found here. Similarly, Diplacus mohavensis [Mitnulus mohavensis] (Mojave monkeyflower) (CRPR IB. 2) has also been found in the volcanic hills around Old Woman Spring, so this taxon should also be looked for on the volcanic soils of the buttes in future field surveys. There are many open gravelly places in the hidden valley between the buttes and in the northwestern comer of the Unit where other sensitive plant species have the potential to occur. These include Allium parishii (Parish’s onion) (CRPR 4.3), Muilla coronata (crowned muilla) (CRPR 4.2), Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca (Riverside spineflower) (CRPR IB. 2), and Cryptantha holoptera (winged cryptantha) (CRPR 4.3). In open shmbby places. Polygala acanthoclada (desert milkwort) (CRPR 2B.3) could be found, as well as Fimastrum utahense (Utah vine milkweed) (CRPR 4.2), which would be found growing in amongst and over other shmbs. Matelea parvifolia (spearleaf) (CRPR 2B.3) could occur in the rocky/boulder areas between the buttes and in upper Hondo Wash. Conservation concerns The entire area of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and was, until recently, open BLM land, meaning that it had no form of land protection or conservation assistance whatsoever and was therefore open to threats from development. Several large-scale industrial projects threatened the area in the recent past, which led first to the proposal for the Ate ‘ivyat ACEC and most recently to the designation of the area as the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument in order to protect these unique and pristine lands. The first potential threat to the area was identified in 2006 when the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) proposed to mn a large-scale power transmission corridor directly across the buttes in a project known as Green Path. April Sail and others of the California Desert Coalition and the Wildlands Conservancy rallied against this project in an effort to preserve the area, and after a great stmggle, they were successful in stopping it. Just a year later in 2007, another large-scale energy project under the name Element Power proposed a wind power project, which would have involved 40 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 building 400 foot tall wind turbines across the buttes. The BLM granted right of way for this project in 2010, at which time several 200 foot tall meteorological towers were installed on top of both Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa. Due to the inaccessibility of this area, all materials had to be brought in by helicopter, reminding many that if the project were to be approved, many access roads would have to be built across the buttes, bringing a great deal of disturbance to this largely undisturbed natural area and neighboring communities. A number of local residents formed a conservation group called Save Our Desert (SOD), rallied against this project, and after several years were successful in stopping it. After threats from several large-scale energy projects, it was assumed that more proposals for development would eventually come to this area from other industrial groups wanting to use this open BLM land. It was then that the area was proposed as the Ate ivyat ACEC in hopes of bringing some form of protection to the area. In February 2016, President Obama designated three new National Monuments in California. The Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa area was included as a satellite unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument, which has now brought much-needed conservation protection to this area. The proposed Ate ‘ivyat ACEC is on hold indefinitely, as Monument status has brought stronger protection to this area. However, many of us hope that this area will be renamed Ate ‘ivyat in honor of the Serrano people who called this unique area home and their descendants who still consider this place sacred. Not only is this area a unique and diverse place floristically but it is also an important corridor for wildlife, a home to the endangered desert tortoise, and a soaring area for golden eagles. Many Native American cultural sites can be found here. This area has one of the largest concentrations of pictographs and petroglyphs in southern California, including over 40 sites with 1700 images (Frazier Haney, personal communication). The geological formations of the buttes themselves are also of great importance, as there are very few ancient lava flows of this form in southern California. The scenic landscape, or viewshed, is also of great importance and would be completely ruined and lost if development were allowed in the buttes. With 280 plant species represented in just 1 0 square miles, there is no doubt that the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the SSNM is a botanically diverse area and one worthy of conservation and protection. With only 4% of the flora being non-native species, and with most of these non-native species being found at just a few locations, these field surveys have shown that this is a pristine and largely undisturbed area. Six species of conservation concern have been found here, and there is much potential for other rare plant species to be found. Future Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 41 field surveys will no doubt reveal new discoveries. Acknowledgments: The most gratitude and biggest thank you goes to everyone who collected natural history information on this area by every means possible in order to bring permanent protection to this land. Extra special thanks to Mary Ann Beardshear and A! Landstrom, who live at the base of the buttes and who allowed me to turn their guest house into a “research center” while doing surveys. Thanks to Donna Thomas, who joined me on my first expedition up and onto the buttes. While I did most of these surveys on my own, it was great having assistance from organizations such as the Desert Survivors Club, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, the Sierra Club, the Mojave Desert Land Trust, and the Wildlands Conservancy. Those people were: Madena Asbell, Evan Muir Bell, Andrew Chambers, Ingrid Crickmore, Dorothy DeGennero, Bob Ellis, Joy England, Dave Garry, Stacy Goss, John Katko, Robin Kobaly, Jacob Landis, Evan Meyer, Jon Nolte, Karen Rusiniak, Billy Sale, Sonie Sampson, Cheryl Sevilla, and Erin Trip. Thank you to Naomi Fraga, who looked at an early draft of this publication and helped to greatly improve it, and Fred M. Roberts who prepared two of the figures. Thank you to April Sail for being one of the first people to fight for this area. Thank you to Frazier Haney, Jamie Haney and Cherry Good for putting together the buttes bio-blitz in order to collect valuable information to help argue for the protection of this area. Thank you to the Save Our Desert (SOD) organization and all local residents who have rallied for protection for the buttes. Last, but not least, thanks to my wife Amanda Bell, who has had the patience to deal with my botanical wanderings and who joined me on the buttes a few times including once when she was nine months pregnant; three months later we took our newborn son on his first desert hike -- out on the buttes. Literature cited: Baldwin, B.G. et al., eds. 20 1 2. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California. 2nd ed. Online. http;//ucjeps. berkeley.edu/IJM.htm! (accessed November 2015) Dibblee, T.W. 2008. Geologic Map of the Joshua Tree and 29 Palms. Diblee Geology Map Centre Map Number DT-390 Dibblee, T.W. 2008. Geologic Map of the San Gorgonio Mountain and Morongo Valley. Diblee Geology Map Centre Map Number DT-381 Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH). 2014. Consortium of California Herbaria Search Page. Berkeley, CA: Consortium of California Herbaria. Available at: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/ (accessed 2016) Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (FNA). 2014. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Available at: http://fna.org (accessed 2015) Hickman, J.C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1400 p. 42 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Raven, RH., H.J. Thompson, and B.A. Prigge. 1986. Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California. Second Ed. Southern Calif. Botanists, Special Publ. No. 2, University of California Los Angeles, Calif Roberts, F.M., Jr., S.D. White, A.C. Sanders, D.E. Bramlet, & S. Boyd. 2004. The Vascular Plants of Western Riverside County’, California: An Annotated Checklist. F.M. Roberts Publications, San Luis Rey, California. Still S.M. 2014. Two new desert Eschscholzia (Papaveraceae) from southwestern North America. PhytoKeys 35: 45-56. Soza, V. L., L. Gross, S. Boyd, & N. Fraga 2013 [distributed in 2015]. Vascular flora of the Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Crossosoma 39: 1-140. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 43 Annotated catalog of the vascular plants of the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument The following is a list of all the vascular plant taxa that have been documented at the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Unit of the Sand to Snow National Monument (Fig. 1). This catalog reports the results of field work done between October 2003 and April 2016 and herbarium database searches of April 2016. Family classification follows APG (2015). Nomenclature and classification of genera and species conforms to The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California Second Edition (online) (2016). Voucher specimens cited in this catalog are housed at the herbarium at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSA). Sensitive species are denoted with a dagger (f) Non-native species are denoted with an asterisk (*) FERNS Pteridaceae Cheilanthes covillei Maxon COVILLE’S LIPFERN. Perennial herb. Scattered across the area, most often being found in shady cracks or undersides of boulders. {Bell 2954) Cheilanthes parryi (D. Eaton) Domin PARRY’S LIP FERN. Perennial herb. Uncommon, but locally frequent on the steep, rocky eastern slopes of Flat Top Mesa. {Bell 8631) Cheilanthes viscida Davenp. VISCID LIP FERN. Perennial herb. A few scattered populations found growing in shady places below boulders. {Bell 7974) Pellaea mucronata (D. Eaton) D. Eaton BIRDFOOT FERN. Perennial herb. Scattered across the area, most often being found in shady places under boulders or on rocky, north-facing slopes. {Bell 3461) Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf ) G. Yatskievych, Windham & Wollenweber GOLDENBACK FERN. Perennial herb. Uncommon. Found in shady places under boulders. {Bell 3303) CONIFERAE Cupressaceae Juniperus californica Carriere CALIFORNIA JUNIPER. Large shrub. Scattered across the area, being most frequent in the boulder pile areas of Hidden Valley. {Bell 2521) 44 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Ephedraceae Ephedra californica S. Watson CALIFORNIA EPHEDRA. Shrub. Occasional in shrubby places. {Honer 3138) Ephedra nevademis S. Watson NEVADA JOINTFIR Shrub. Occasional in open areas of boulders and on slopes. {Bell 3471) Ephedra viridis Cov. MOUNTAIN EPHEDRA. Shrub. Open rocky places. {Honer 2301) Pinaceae Pimis monophylla Torrey & Fremont SINGLE LEAF PINYON PINE. Tree. Locally frequent in upper section of Hondo Wash. {Bell 8626) ANGIOSPERMAE-DICOTYLEDONES Amaranthaceae Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torrey) Benth FRINGED AMARANTH. Annual herb. Frequent after monsoonal storms, often forming large patches on slopes and benches. {Bell 2950) Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Alton FRAGRANT SUMAC. Shrub. Uncommon across the Unit, but locally frequent in rocky drainage at the base of Flat Top Mesa. {Bell 8633) Apiaceae Cymopterus panamintemis J. Coulter & Rose PANAMINT SPRINGPARSLEY. Perennial herb. Rare. Only found along the rocky ridge of the east hills. {Bell 8011) Lomatium mohavense (J. Coulter & Rose) J. Coulter & Rose MOHAVE WILD PARSELY. Perennial herb. Occasional in open rocky/gravelly places. {Bell 7802) Asteraceae Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus (A. Gray) A. Gray var. sphaerocephalus RAYLESS GOLDENHEAD. Shrub. Scattered in open places among shrubbery. {Bell 2512) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 45 Adenophyllum cooperi (A. Gray) Strother COOPER’S DYSSODIA. Perennial herb. Occasional in sandy washes and open gravelly places. (Bell 8020) Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. ANNUAL BURWEED. Annual herb. Uncommon in sandy or compacted soils. (Rockw’ood 158) Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) Payne BURROBUSH. Shrub. Occasional in open shrubby places. (Honer 2314) Ambrosia salsola (Torr. & A. Gray) Strother & B.G. Baldw. CHEESEBUSH. Shrub. Frequent in open shrubby places and on slopes. (Bell 3470) Anisocoma acaulis Torrey & A. Gray SCALE BUD. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent in open sandy places. (Bell 7804) Artemisia dracunculus L. WILD TARRAGON. Perennial herb. Locally frequent in small, rocky drainages. (Bell 2956) Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray SHORT LEAVED BACCHARIS. Shrub. Rare. Just a few individuals found on the east side of the East Hills. (Bell 9421) Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Pers. MULE FAT. Perennial. Uncommon in narrow rocky drainages and around springs. (Honer 2163) Baccharis sergiloides A. Gray DESERT BACCHARIS. Shrub. Frequent in small drainages and around springs. (Bell 8615) Bahiopsis parishii (Greene) E.E. Schilling & Panero PARISH’S VIGUIERA. Shrub. Frequent on rocky slopes and in open gravelly places. (Bell 2511) Baileya pleniradiata A. Gray WOOLY DESERT MARIGOLD. Annual, occasionally biennial herb. Uncommon in open sandy places. (Rockwood 170) Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene SWEETBUSH. Shrub. Uncommon. A few scattered populations on rocky slopes of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 8629) Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray van arguta (B.L. Rob.) Jeps. CALIFORNIA SPEARLEAVED BRICKELLIA. Subshrub. Occasional. Usually growing in steep rocky places or on cliff faces. (Bell 3017) Brickellia desertorum Cov. DESERT BRICKELLBUSH. Perennial shrub. Occasional on rocky slopes or among boulders. (Bell 3010) Calycoseris parryi A. Gray YELLOW TACKSTEM. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent in open sandy places. (Bell 7951) Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray PEBBLE PINCUSHION. Annual herb. Uncommon. A few localized populations found on rocky slopes. (Bell 8018) Chaenactis fremontii A. Gray FREMONT PINCUSHION. Annual herb. Common along Hondo Wash. (Honer 3018) Chaenactis stevioides Hook. & Am. DESERT PINCUSHION. Annual herb. Common on volcanic flats, gravelly slopes, and in open sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 2515) Encelia actoni Elmer ACTON ENCELIA. Perennial shmb. Occasional to locally frequent on rocky slopes and outcrops. (Bell 2513) Ericameria cooperi (A. Gray) H.M. Hall COOPER’S GOLDENBUSH. Shmb. Occasional in open shmbby places. (Bell 3463) 46 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Ericameria cuneata (A. Gray) McClatchie var. spathulata (Gray) Hall WIDELEAVED ROCK GOLDENBUSH. Perennial subshrub. Locally frequent on cliff faces and in steep boulder sections. (Bell 3011) Ericameria linearifolia (DC.) Urb. & J. Wassow LfNEARLEAVED GOLDENBUSH. Shrub. Occasional to frequent on rocky slopes and in open shrubby areas. (Bell 3464) Ericameria teretifolia (Durand & Hilg.) Jeps. GREEN RABBITBRUSH. Shrub. Occasional to uncommon on rocky slopes. (Bell 3012) Eriophyllum confertiflorum (D.C.) A. Gray GOLDEN YARROW. Perennial subshrub. Uncommon. On rocky slopes or wash margins. (Honer 2302) Eriophyllum pringlei A. Gray PRINGLE’S WOOLY SUNFLOWER. Annual herb. Locally abundant in open gravelly flats. (Bell 7939) Eriophyllum wallacei (A. Gray) A. Gray WALLACE’S WOOLY DAISY. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common in open sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 7819) Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) A. Gray MATCHWEED. Shrub. Occasional to common in open gravelly places and on rocky slopes. (Bell 2954B) Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby COMMON MATCHWEED. Shrub. Uncommon on rocky slopes. (Bell 8613) *Lactuca serriola L. PRICKLY WILD LETTUCE. Annual herb. Rare. A single individual found growing in sandy/gravelly drainage bottom of upper Hondo Wash. (Bell 8597) Lasthenia gracilis (DC.) Greene NEEDLE GOLDFIELDS. Annual herb. Locally common in open flat sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 7792) Layia glandulosa (Hook.) Hook. & Am. WHITE TIDY TIPS. Annual herb. Occasional to common in open sandy/gravelly places and on rocky slopes. (Bell 2486) Lepidospartum squamatum (A. Gray) A. Gray CALIFORNIA BROOMSAGE. Shrub. Locally frequent along sandy/gravelly washes. (Bell 8623) Leptosyne bigelovii (A. Gray) A. Gray BIGELOW COREOPSIS. Annual herb. Common on volcanic flats, rocky slopes and in open gravelly places. (Bell 2510) Leptosyne californica Nutt. CALIFORNIA COREOPSIS. Annual herb. Occasional in open gravelly places. (Bell 7957) Logfia depressa (A. Gray) Holub DWARF COTTONROSE. Annual herb. Occasional to locally frequent in open sandy /gravelly places and occasionally on rocky slopes. (Bell 7815) Logfia filaginoides (Hook. & Am.) Morefield CALIFORNIA COTTONROSE. Annual herb. Uncommon on gravelly slopes. (Bell 7957) Malacothrix coulteri Harvey & A. Gray SNAKE’S HEAD. Annual herb. Scattered/occasional on volcanic flats, rocky slopes, and open gravelly places. (Bell 2501) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 47 Malacothrix glabrata A. Gray DESERT DANDELION. Annual herb. Scattered/ infrequent/locally common in sandy/gravelly washes and on rocky slopes. [Bell 7952) Monoptilon bellidiforme A. Gray DESERT STAR. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common in open, flat, sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 7814) Nicolletia occidentalis A. Gray HOLE IN THE SAND PLANT. Perennial herb. Occasional in sandy/gravelly washes and on benches of washes. [Honer 3016) Pectis papposa Harvey & A. Gray var. papposa CHINCH WEED. Annual herb. Common in large patches after summer rains on volcanic flats, rocky slopes, and in open gravelly places. [Bell 2949) Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) Anderb. COTTONBATTING PLANT. Perennial herb. Scarce along wash margin. [Honer 3125) Pseudognaphalium thermale[E.NQ\son)G.l^esom. SLENDER EVERLASTING. Perennial herb. Only seen at one location in boulder cracks in western Hondo wash. (No collection was made as individuals only had old flowering stalks) Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray DESERT CHICORY. Annual herb. Occasional along wash margins and in gravelly places among shrubbery. [Bell 7852) Senecio flaccidus Less. SHRUBBY RAGWORT. Shrub. Uncommon on gravelly benches of drainages. [Bell 8614) *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper SOW THISTLE. Annual herb. Rare. A few individuals in small drainage in the northwestern comer of the Unit. [Bell 8081) Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. SMALL WIRELETTUCE. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent in open gravelly places and on rocky/gravelly slopes. [Honer 3115) Stephanomeria parryi A. Gray PARRY’S WIRELETTUCE. Perennial herb. Occasional in sandy/gravelly wash. [Honer 3140) Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torrey) Nelson WIRE LETTUCE. Perennial herb. Occasional in open shmbby places, on rocky outcrops, and on rocky slopes. [Bell 3013) Stylocline psilocarphoides M. Peck BARETWIG NESTSTRAW. Annual herb. Uncommon to locally common in open sandy/gravelly places. [Bell 7963) Syntrichopappus fremontUA. Gray FREMONT’S GOLD. Annual herb. Common on volcanic flats and rocky slopes. [Bell 2493) Tetradymia ox/Z/ara Nelson var. longispina (M.E. Jones) Strother LONGSPINED COTTONTHORN. Shmb. OccasionaEscattered in open shrubby areas. [Bell 8087) Tetradymia stenolepis E. Greene MOJAVE COTTONTHORN. Shmb. Occasional/ scattered in open shmbby areas. [Bell 8636) Uropappus lindleyi (DC.) Nutt. SILVER PUFFS. Annual herb. Uncommon/ scattered along wash margins and among boulders. [Bell 7850) 48 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene MOJAVE ASTER. Perennial herb. Occasional in open rocky places and on rocky slopes. (Bell 3016) Bignoniaceae Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet subsp. arcuata (Fosb.) Henrickson DESERT WILLOW. Tree. Occasional along deep sandy wash margins. (Bell 8619) Boraginaceae Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray CHECKER FIDDLENECK. Annual herb. Common on volcanic flats, rocky slopes and open gravelly places. (Bell 2505) Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene van barbigera BEARDED CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Uncommon in gravelly soils at base of boulders. (Bell 7836) Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene van fergusoniae J.F. Macbn PALM SPRINGS CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Occasional in rocky areas above Hondo Wash. (Honer 2935) Cryptantha circumscissa (Hook. & Am.) I.M. Johnson WESTERN FORGET- ME-NOT. Annual herb. Occasional in open gravelly flats. (Bell 7984) Cryptantha decipiens (M.E. Jones) A. A. Heller GRAVEL FORGET-ME-NOT. Annual herb. Infrequent on gravelly/rocky slopes. (Bell 8023) Cryptantha intermedia (A. Gray) E. Green COMMON CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Occasional on slopes of Hondo Wash. (Honer 2981) Cryptantha micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston PURPLEROOTED FORGET- ME-NOT. Annual herb. Occasional in open sandy/gravelly flats and benches. (Bell 7816) Cryptantha nevadensis Nelson & Kennedy var. nevadensis NEVADA FORGET- ME-NOT. Annual herb. On rocky slopes of butte. (Bell 7807) Cryptantha pterocary’a (Torrey) E. Green var. cycloptera (E. Green) J.F. Macbr. WINGNUT CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Uncommon on gravelly slopes. (Bell 7989) Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene var. pterocarya WINGNUT CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Occasional to locally frequent on gravelly slopes and flats. (Bell 7830) Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene var. purpusii Jeps. PURPUS’ CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Occasional to locally frequent on gravelly slopes and flats. (Bell 7953) Cryptantha utahensis (A. Gray) E. Greene SCENTED CRYPTANTHA. Annual herb. Infrequent on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 8019) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 49 Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. WHISPERING BELLS. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common on volcanic flats, rocky slopes and in open sandy /gravelly washes. {Bell 7831) Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) E. Greene var. bipinnatifida (Torrey) Constance TORREY EUCRYPTA. Annual herb. Localized around shady outcrops and boulder bases in Hondo Wash. {Honer 2973) Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) A. A. Heller SMALLFLOWERED EUCRYPTA. Annual herb. Infrequent to locally common in shady places at base of boulders. {Bell 7841) Nama demissum A. Gray var. demissum PURPLE MAT. Annual herb. Occasional in open gravelly flats and slopes. {Bell 7813) Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Am. BABY BLUE EYES. Annual herb. Infrequent on rocky/gravelly slopes. {Bell 7806) Pectocarya linearis (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) DC. suhsp. ferocula (I.M. Johnston) Thome SLENDER COMBSEED. Annual herb. Uncommon in open gravelly flats at base of boulders and on rocky slopes. {Bell 7869) Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. & Am.) A. DC. SLEEPING COMBSEED. Annual herb. Uncommon in sandy/gravelly soils of Hondo Wash. {Bell 7863) Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & I.M. Johnson) Munz & I.M. Johnson BROADNUTTED COMBBUR. Annual herb. Scattered on rocky slopes of East Hills. {Bell 9423) Pectocarya recurvata I.M. Johnson ARCHNUTTED COMBBUR. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common on gravelly slopes and open sandy/gravelly flats. {Bell 7800) Pectocarya setosa A. Gray STIFFSTEMMED COMBBUR. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent in rocky soils. {Bell 7805) Phacelia affinis A. Gray PURPLE BELL PHACELIA. Annual herb. Infrequent on rocky/gravelly slopes among boulders. {Bell 7973) Phacelia campanularia A. Gray subsp. campanularia DESERT BLUEBELLS. Annual herb. Infrequent on rocky slopes. {Bell 7809) Phacelia campanularia A. Gray subsp. vasiformis G. Gillett DESERT BLUEBELLS. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common on rocky slopes of buttes. {Bell 8017) Phacelia crenulata Torrey var. minutiflora ( J. Voss) Jepson LITTLEFLOWERED HELIOTROPE PHACELIA. Annual herb. Uncommon on rocky slopes. {Bell 7795) Phacelia cryptantha E. Greene SMALLFLOWERED PHACELIA. Annual herb. Uncommon to occasional in steep rocky places and in shady places among boulders. {Bell 2485) Phacelia curvipes S. Watson WASHOE PHACELIA. Annual herb. Uncommon on rocky slopes. {Bell 7855) 50 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Phacelia distans Benth. COMMON PHACELIA. Annual herb. Occasional to common in gravelly places, often growing amongst shrubbery. (Bell 7799) Phacelia fremontii Torrey FREMONT’S PHACELIA. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common in open gravelly flats and on rocky slopes. (Bell 7822) Phacelia lemmonii A. Gray LEMMON’S PHACELIA. Annual herb. Uncommon along rocky, moist wash edge. (Honer 2246) Pholisma arenarium Hook. DESERT CHRISTMAS TREE. Perennial herb (parasitic). Rare. A single population found in sandy/gravelly soils in Hidden Valley at the base of the east hills. (Bell 8064) Pholistoma membranaceum (Benth.) Constance WHITE FIESTAFLOWER. Spreading annual herb. Uncommon on rocky slopes of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 7801) Brassicaceae Boechera perennam (S. Watson) W.A. Weber. PERENNIAL ROCKCRESS. Perennial. Uncommon on rocky slopes. (Bell 8007) Caulanthus cooperi (S. Watson) Payson COOPER’S JEWELFLOWER. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent on rocky slopes. (Bell 7848) Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hook. & Am.) Payson CALIFORNIA MUSTARD. Annual. Occasional to common on rocky slopes. (Bell 2494) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling WESTERN TANSY MUSTARD. Annual herb. On rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 7829) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. glabra (Wooton & Standley) Detl. YELLOW TANSY MUSTARD. Annual herb. Scattered in sandy/gravelly places. (Honer 2975) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detl. ALKALI WESTERN TANSY MUSTARD. Annual herb. Scattered in shady duff under shmbs in upper Hondo Wash. (Honer 2933) Lepidium fremontii S. Watson DESERT PEPPERWEED. Perennial herb. Occasional on rocky slopes. (Bell 3304) Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. subsp. lasiocarpum SHAGGYFRUIT PEPPERWEED. Annual herb. Occasional/scattered on rocky slopes and in gravelly drainages. (Bell 7812) Stanleya pinnata (V\xr?,\\) Britton PRINCE’S PLUME. Perennial herb. Uncommon to occasional on rocky slopes and gravelly benches along large drainages. (Bell 3460) *Sisymbrium altissimum L. TUMBLING MUSTARD. Annual herb. Only found around an old fire pit area in Hidden Valley. (Bell 7840) Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. FRINGEPOD. Annual herb. Scattered on rocky/ gravelly slopes. (Bell 7803) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 51 Thysanocarpus laciniatus Torrey & A. Gray NARROWLEAVED FRINGEPOD. Annual herb. Infrequent on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 7958) Cactaceae Cylindropuntia echinocarpa (Engelm. & Bigelow) F.M. Knuth GOLDEN CHOLLA. Succulent shrub. Occasional on rocky/gravelly slopes and open shrubby places across the Unit. (No collection made.) Cylindropuntia ramosissima (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth DIAMOND CHOLLA. Succulent shrub. Occasional on rocky/gravelly slopes and open shrubby places across the Unit. (No collection made.) Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & J. Bigelow van polycephalus COTTONTOP CACTUS. Succulent shrub. Infrequent/occasional on rocky slopes of buttes. (No collection made.) Echinocereus engelmannii (Engelm.) Lemaire ENGELMANN’S HEDGEHOG CACTUS. Succulent shrub. Frequent on rocky/gravelly slopes across the Unit. (No collection made.) Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & J. Bigelow BEAVERTAIL. Succulent shrub. Scattered on rocky /gravelly slopes throughout the Unit. (No collection made.) Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & J. Bigelow PANCAKE CACTUS. Succulent shrub. Uncommon. Only seen on rocky/gravelly slopes of upper Hondo Wash. (No collection made.) Campanulaceae Nemacladus glanduliferus Jepson GLANDULAR THREADPLANT. Annual herb. Scattered on open gravelly slopes among boulders. (Bell 7970) Nemacladus sigmoideus G. Robb. SMALLFLOWERED NEMACLADUS. Annual herb. Uncommon on open gravelly slopes among boulders. (Bell 7972) Caryophyllaceae Eremogone macradenia (S. Watson) Ikonn. MOJAVE SANDWORT. Perennial. Uncommon/scattered on rocky slopes. (Bell 3477) Silene antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCHFLY. Annual herb. Scarce. Localized in protected shady outcrop areas in Hondo Wash. (Honer 2974) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. FOURWING SALTBUSH. Shrub. Occasional to locallyfrequent in open shrubby areas and on steep rocky slopes. (Bell 8634) 52 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Chenopodium caIiformcum(S. Watson) S. Watson CALIFORNIAGOOSEFOOT. Perennial herb. Uncommon in sandy/gravelly drainages, most frequently growing in amongst shrubbery. (Bell 3478) Chenopodium fremontii S. Watson FREMONT’S GOOSEFOOT. Annual herb. Only seen in the upper drainage of Hondo Wash. (Bell 8617) Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. SPINY HOPSAGE. Shrub. Uncommon/scattered on rocky slopes. (Bell 7828) *Salsola paulsenii Litv. PAULSEN’S RUSSIAN THISTLE. Annual or perennial herb. Uncommon in sandy/gravelly wash bottom of Hondo Wash. (Stoughton 1477) Cleomaceae Peritoma arborea (Nutt.) H.H. litis BLADDERPOD. Perennial shrub. Uncommon to occasional on rocky slopes and on gravelly benches above drainages. (Bell 3459) Convolvulaceae Cuscuta californica Hook. & Am. CALIFORNIA DODDER. Parasitic annual vine. Infrequent in among shmbbery. (Bell 2520) Crassulaceae Dudleya saxosa (M.E. Jones) Britton & Rose subsp. aloides (Rose) Moran. Occasional to uncommon on rocky slopes and ridges. (Fraga 3925) Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita palmata S. Watson COYOTE GOURD. Annual or perennial herb. Uncommon. A single collection from Hondo Wash. (Fraga 3901) Euphorbiaceae Croton setigerus Hook. DOVEWEED. Annual herb. Rare. A localized population on top of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 2946) f Euphorbia abramsiana (Wheeler) Koutnik ABRAMS’ PROSTRATE SPURGE. Annual herb. Rare, but locally frequent on gradual rocky slope of southeastern section of Flat Top Mesa following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 8632) Euphorbia albomarginata (Torrey & A. Gray) Small RATTLESNAKE WEED. Perennial herb. Common in sandy/gravelly drainages and on rocky slopes and flats. (Bell 7854) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 53 Euphorbia micromera (Engelm.) Wooton & Standley SONORAN SPURGE. Common on sandy/gravelly slopes and flats following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 8605) Euphorbia serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small THYMELEAFED SPURGE. Annual herb. Rare. A single scattered population found on gravelly benches of drainage in upper Hondo Wash. (Bell 8600) Euphorbia setiloba (Torrey) Millsp. YUMA SPURGE. Common/frequent on rocky/gravelly slopes and in open sandy/gravelly flats following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 3006) Stillingia linearifolia S. Watson NARROWLEAVED STILLINGIA. Perennial herb. Uncommon on rocky slopes and in open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 2491) Fabaceae Acmispon brachycarpus (Benth.) D.D. Sokoloff SHORTPODDED LOTUS. Annual herb. Uncommon. One population found growing on rocky/gravelly slope of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 7860) Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet DEERWEED. Perennial herb. Uncommon. A few populations found on rocky slopes and in small, rocky canyons on the southwest side of Flat Top Mesa and on the east side of the East Hills. (Bell 9422) Acmispon heermannii (Durand & Hilg.) Brouillet HEERMANN’S LOTUS. Perennial herb. Uncommon. Scattered in sandy/gravelly places of upper Hondo Wash. (Bell 8620) Acmispon (Benth.) Brouillet DESERT LOTUS. Perennial herb. Occasional to locally common in gravelly places in amongst boulders. (Bell 3465) Acmispon strigosus (Nutt.) Brouillet STRIGOSE LOTUS. Annual herb. Frequent on rocky/gravelly slopes and open gravelly flats. (Bell 7798) Astragalus acutirostris S. Watson SHARPKEEL MILKVETCH. Annual herb. Rare. A single localized population on the northwestern slopes of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 8086) Astragalus didymocarpus Hooh. & Am. DWARF WHITE MILKVETCH. Annual herb. Rare. A single scattered population found in silty volcanic soils on the southwest rim of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 9395) Astragalus douglasii (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray van douglasii DOUGLAS’S MILKVETCH. Perennial herb. Uncommon. A few collections in sandy/ gravelly areas from the upper section of Hondo Wash. (Bell 8618) Lupinus concinnus J. Agardh. ELEGANT LUPINE. Annual herb. Occasional to frequent on rocky/gravelly slopes and in open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 7959) Lupinus flavoculatus A. A. Heller YELLOWEYED LUPINE. Annual herb. Rare. A single population found on gravelly slope of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 2502) 54 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Lupinus formosus E. Green SUMMER LUPINE. Perennial herb. Rare. A few dozen scattered plants along road on northwest side of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 8088) Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. COULTER’S LUPINE. Annual herb. Occasional to uncommon in open sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 7796) Psorothamnus arborescens (A. Gray) Bameby var. simplicifolius (Parish) Bameby CALIFORNIA INDIGO BUSH. Shrub. Occasional on gravelly benches and slopes. (Bell 8003) Senegalia greggii (A. Gray) Britton & Rose CATCLAW. Shrub. Occasional to common in narrow rocky drainages, on margins of sandy washes and on rocky slopes and flats. (Stoughton 1471) Senna armata (S. Watson) H. Irwin & Bameby DESERT SENNA. Perennial shmb. Occasional to uncommon in open gravelly places and in open shmbby areas. (Bell 2508) Fagaceae Quercus cornelius-mulleri K. Nixon & K. Steele MULLER OAK. Tree/shmb. Locally frequent at upper sections of Hondo Wash and boulder piles in northwestern section of the Unit. (Bell 8625) Geraniaceae *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’H-r. FILAREE. Annual herb. Uncommon to locally common on rocky slopes and open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 2504) Krameriaceae Krameria erecta Schultes LITTLELEAVED RATANY. Shmb. Occasional on rocky slopes and flats. (Bell 7968) Lamiaceae fMonardella robisonii Epling ROBISON’S MONARDELLA. Perennial herb. Rare. A few dozen scattered subshmbs growing on and in amongst boulders in the southern section of Hidden Valley between Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 4459) Salvia columbariae Benth. CHIA SAGE. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common on rocky/gravelly slopes and in open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 7821) Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams DESERT SAGE. Shmb. Occasional in open shmbby places. (Bell 7975) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 55 Salvia mohavensis E. Greene MOHAVE SAGE. Shrub. Uncommon. A few populations seen across the Unit. {Bell 8628) Scutellaria mexicana (Torr.) A.J. Paton MEXICAN BLADDERSAGE. Shrub. Uncommon to occasional in open shrubby areas, on gravelly benches above drainages, and on rocky slopes. {Fraga 3909) Loaceaceae Mentzelia albicaulis Hook. WHITESTEMMED BLAZING STAR. Annual. Occasional in open sandy/gravelly places and on rocky slopes. {Bell 2490) Mentzelia involucrata S. Watson WHITEBRACT BLAZINGSTAR. Annual herb. Uncommon. A few localized populations seen in a few locations on gravelly/rocky slopes. {Bell 8016) Mentzelia jonesii (Urb. & Gilg.)H.J. Thompson & J. Roberts JONES’ BLAZING STAR. Annual. Scattered on gravelly/rocky slopes among shrubbery. {Bell 7810) Mentzelia veatchiana Kellogg VEATCH’S BLAZINGSTAR. Annual herb. Uncommon on rocky slopes. {Bell 7794) Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray subsp. thurberi THURBER’S SANDPAPER PLANT. Scattered in open sandy/gravelly washes. {Fraga 3900) Malvaceae Eremalche exilis (A. Gray) E. Greene WHITE MALLOW. Rare. A single localized population found in a small, localized sandy area in Hidden Valley. {Bell 7846) Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray DESERT MALLOW. Perennial shrub. Occasional to common in open shrubby areas, gravelly flats and benches and along rocky drainages. (Bell 7833) Molluginaceae *Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. THREADSTEM CARPETWEED. Annual herb. Rare. A single localized population found on gravelly slope in the upper section of Hondo Wash following summer monsoonal rains. {Bell 8601) Montiaceae Calyptridium monandrum Nutt. PUSSY PAWS. Annual herb. Occasional to locally common in open sandy/gravelly flats and on gravelly slopes. {Bell 7823) 56 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Claytonia parviflora Dougl. Ex Hook subsp. utahensis (Rydb.) J.M. Miller & K. Chambers STREAMBANK SPRINGBEAUTY. Annual herb. Scaree. Around protected north-facing rock bases in Hondo Wash. (Honer 2931) Nyctaginaceae Abronia villosa S. Watson DESERT SAND VERBENA. Annual herb. Rare. A few localized populations seen in northeastern section of the Unit. {Bell 7993) Mirabilis /aev/s (Benth.) Curran var. crassifolia (Choisy) Spellenb. CALIFORNIA FOUR O’CLOCK. Perennial herb. Occasional/scattered in open gravelly places and in amongst boulders. (Bell 7835) Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. retrorsa (A. Heller) Jeps. WISHBONE BUSH. Infrequent on slopes with granite boulders on the north side of Black Lava Butte. (Fraga 3913) Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. villosa (Kellogg) Spellenb. WISHBONE BUSH. Occasional in Hondo Wash. (Honer 2272) Oleaceae Forestiera pubescens Nutt. DESERT OLIVE. Perennial shrub. Rare. A single localized population in Hidden Valley between Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 3472) Onagraceae Camissonia campestris (E. Greene) Raven MOJAVE SUNCUP. Annual herb. Infrequent to locally common on open gravelly slopes and flats. (Bell 7946) Camissoniopsis pallida (Abrams) W.L. Wagner & Hoch PALE YELLOW SUNCUP. Annual herb. Occasional on rocky /gravelly slopes and in open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 7949) Chylismia brevipes (A. Gray) Small subsp. brevipes YELLOW CUPS. Annual or perennial herb. A single localized population, but locally common at site, on rocky/gravelly volcanic slopes of northeastern section of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 7793) Chylismia claviformis (Torr & Frem.) A Heller subsp. aurantiaca (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch PINNATE LEAVED PRIMROSE. Annual herb. Uncommon on sandy/gravelly flats and benches. (Bell 783 7) Chylismia claviformis (Torr. & Frem.) A. Heller subsp. claviformis CLAVATEFRUITED PRIMROSE. Annual. Occasional along wash margins of Hondo Wash. (Honer 3051) Epilobium canum (E Greene) Raven CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA. Occasional to locally common around springs and in rocky ephemeral drainages. (Bell 2958) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 57 Eulobus californicus Torr & A. Gray CALIFORNIA PRIMROSE. Annual herb. Scattered in sandy/gravelly drainage. (Bell 8000) Orobanchaceae Castilleja chromosa A. Nelson DESERT PAINTBRUSH. Perennial herb. Occasional to uncommon on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 7808) Castilleja linariifolia Benth. DESERT PAINTBRUSH. Perennial herb. Uncommon. A single population found around small spring area in upper Hondo Wash. (Bell 8609) Cordylanthus rigidm (Benth.) Jepson subsp. setiger Chuang & Heckard BRISTLY BIRD’S BEAK. Annual herb. Uncommon. Only seen scattered on gravelly benches of upper Hondo Wash. (Bell 8608) Orobanche parishii (Jepson) Heckard subsp. /lara/r/V PARISH’S BROOMRAPE. Parasitic perennial herb. Scarce/scattered in sandy/gravelly wash bottom of upper Hondo Wash. (Honer 2245) Papavaraceae fEschscholzia androuxii Still JOSHUA TREE POPPY. Annual herb. Rare on gravelly slope of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 7818) Eschscholzia minutiflom S. Watson PYGMY POPPY. Annual herb. Infrequently scattered on gravelly slopes. (Bell 2517) Phrymaceae Diplacus longiflorus Nutt. [Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis var. pubescens (Torr.) D.M. Thomps.] STICKY MONKEYFLOWER. Shrub. Occasional in boulder piles. (Bell 3462) Diplacus bigelovii (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom (Mimulus b. (A. Gray) A. Gray] BIGELOW’S MONKEYFLOWER. Annual herb. Uncommon. Usually scattered on rocky/gravelly slopes and along drainages. (Honer 2283) Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L. Nesom [Mimulus guttatus DC.] YELLOW MONKEYFLOWER. Rare. Only found in mesic places around springs in the upper section of Hondo Wash. (Honer 2106) Erythranthe parishii (E. Greene) G.L. Nesom & N.S. Fraga [Mimulus p. E. Greene) PARISH’S MONKEYFLOWER. Annual herb. Rare. Only found in mesic places around springs in the upper section of Hondo Wash. (Honer 2241) Mimetanthe pilosa (Benth.) E. Greene [Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Watson] DOWNY MONKEYFLOWER. Annual herb. Rare. Only found in mesic places around springs in the upper section of Hondo Wash. (Bell 8598) 58 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Plantaginaceae Keckiella antirrhinoides (Benth.) Straw CHAPARRAL BEARDTONGUE. Perennial shrub. Uncommon/infrequent on rocky/gravelly slopes. {Bell 2516) Polemoniaceae Eriastriim eremicum (Jeps.) H. Mason DESERT WOOLYSTAR. Annual herb. Occasional on rocky/gravelly slopes and sandy/gravelly flats and benches. {Bell 7964) Gilia brecciarum M.E. Jones subsp. brecciarum NEVADA GILIA. Annual herb. Occasional on open sandy /gravelly benches and on gravelly slopes. {Bell 7789) Gilia cana (M.E. Jones) A. A. Heller subsp. carta SHOWY GILIA. Annual herb. Uncommon. Only seen on open gravelly flats and slopes of northeastern section of the Unit. {Bell 7940) Gilia clokeyi H. Mason CLOKEY’S GILIA. Annual herb. Infrequent on open gravelly flats and gradual slopes. {Bell 7944) Gilia diegemis (Munz) A.D. Grant & V. Grant COASTAL GILIA. Annual herb. Uncommon on gravelly slopes. {Bell 7976) Gilia modocemis Eastw. MODOC GILIA. Annual herb. Uncommon in sandy/ gravelly drainages. {Bell 8005) Gilia sinuata Benth. CINDER GILIA. Annual herb. Scattered in Hondo wash. {Honer 3017) Gilia stellata A. A. Heller STAR GILIA. Annual herb. Common on rocky gravelly slopes and on gravelly benches and open flats. {Bell 7826) Leptosiphon aureus (Nutt.) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson subsp. aureus GOLDEN LINANTHUS. Annual herb. Infrequent to locally common on sand/gravelly benches and open flats. {Bell 7811) Linanthus bigelovii (A. Gray) E. Green BIGELOW’S LINANTHUS. Night- blooming annual herb. Occasional on gravelly slopes. {Bell 7817) Linanthus dichotomus Benth. EVENING SNOW. Annual herb. Uncommon on gravelly slopes. {Bell 7983) Loeseliastrum matthewsii (A. Gray) S. Timbrook DESERT CALICO. Annual. Occasional to locally common on open sandy/gravelly benches, open flats, and rocky/gravelly slopes. {Bell 7996) fSaltugilia latimeri T.L. Weese & L.A. Johnson LATIMER’S WOODLAND GILIA. Annual herb. Infrequent to locally common on rocky/gravelly slopes and in rocky/gravelly shoots/drainages. {Bell 2483) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 59 Polygonaceae Centrostegia thurberi Benth. THURBER’S SPINEFLOWER. Annual herb. Uncommon to locally common on gravelly slopes and flats. (Bell 2481) Chorizanthe brevicornu Torrey BRITTLE SPINEFLOWER. Annual herb. Uncommon. A single localized but locally common colony on steep volcanic slopes of the northeastern section of Black Lava Butte. (Bell 7797) Eriogonum baileyi S. Watson BAILEY’S BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Uncommon in sandy/gravelly washes and flats. (Bell 8644) Eriogonum brachyanthum Cov. SHORTFLOWERED BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Uncommon. A few scattered populations in sandy/gravelly soils in Hondo Wash. (Rockwood 163) Eriogonum brachypodum Torrey & A. Gray PARRY’S BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Rare. A single population of around 50 individuals found on the steep southeastern slope of Flat Top Mesa following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 8627) Eriogonum cithariforme S. Watson van agninum (E. Greene) Rev. CITHARA BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Uncommon. Only known from a few scattered populations on the north side of Black Lava Butte following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 3008) Eriogonum davidsonii E. Greene DAVIDSON’S BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Occasional/scattered on rocky/gravelly slopes and in open sandy/gravelly places. (Bell 2953) Eriogonum elongatum Benth. LONGSTEM BUCKWHEAT. Perennial herb. Occasional on fairly steep rocky/gravelly slopes and in amongst boulders. (Bell 2957) Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. CALIFORNIA BUCKWHEAT. Perennial shrub. Occasional to common on rocky/gravelly slopes and in open shrubby places. (Bell 8022) Eriogonum inflatum Torrey & Fremont DESERT TRUMPET. Perennial herb. Occasional to locally common on rocky slopes, gravelly benches and most common on heavy, silty-soiled flats on top of buttes where they can number in the thousands. (Bell 2506) Eriogonum maculatum A. A. Heller SPOTTED BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Occasional on rocky/gravelly slopes and in sandy/gravelly wash margins. (Bell 2487) Eriogonum nidularium Cov. BIRDNEST BUCKWHEAT. Annual herb. Uncommon on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 3007) Eriogonum plumatella Durand & Hilg. FLATTOPPED BUCKWHEAT. Occasional to common in open shrubby places and along margins and benches of sandy/gravelly washes. (Bell 8637) 60 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Eriogonum pusiUum Torrey & A. Gray YELLOW TURBANS. Annual herb. Occasional to common in sandy/gravelly wash/drainage bottoms and on rocky/gravelly slopes. {Bell 7820) Eriogonum saxatile S. Watson ROCK BUCKWHEAT. Perennial herb. Uncommon. Only found on a few steep gravelly slopes on the southwest side of Plat Tope Mesa. (Bell 9393) Pterostegia drymarioides Pischer & C. Meyer PAIRY MIST. Scarce around shady, north-facing rock boulders in Hondo Wash. (Honer 2967) Rumex hymenosepalus Torrey WILD RHUBARB. Perennial herb. Uncommon. A few scattered populations seen in open sandy/gravelly benches/flats in Hidden Valley. (Bell 7832) Ranunculaceae Delphinium parishii A. Gray PARISH’S LARKSPUR. Perennial herb. Uncommon to occasional on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 2480) Rosaceae Coleogyne ramosissima Torrey BLACKBRUSH. Shrub. Occasional to common on rocky slopes and benches. (Bell 3467) Prunus fasciculata (Torrey) A. Gray DESERT ALMOND. Shrub. Occasional in open shrubby places of valley floor between buttes. (Bell 3468) Purshia tridentata (Vursh) DC. ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH. Shrub. Occasional in open shrubby areas of valley floor and on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 2518) Rubiaceae fGalium angustifolium Nutt, subsp. gracillimum Dempster & Stebb. NARROWLEAVED BEDSTRAW. Perennial herb. Uncommon. Scattered populations found on rocky slopes of buttes but more frequently in gravelly places in amongst boulders. (Bell 2519) Galium stellatum Kellogg var. eremicum Hilend & J. Howell DESERT BEDSTRAW. Perennial subshrub. Uncommon. Most often found growing on steep rocky slopes and cliff faces. (Bell 8002) Salicaceae Populus fremontii S. Watson FREMONT’S COTTONWOOD. Tree. Uncommon. A few scattered stands at small springs in the northwestern section of the Unit. (Bell 8606) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 61 Salix exigua Nutt. NARROWLEAVED WILLOW. Tree. Uncommon. A few scattered stands at small springs in the northwestern section of the Unit and one small, localized stand in small drainage in Hidden Valley. {Bell 8640) Salix lasiolepis Benth. ARROYO WILLOW. Tree. Uncommon. A few scattered stands at small springs in the northwestern section of the Unit. {Honer 2247) Solanaceae Datura wrightii Regel JIMSONWEED. Perennial herb. Uncommon on rocky/ gravelly slopes and at sandy/gravelly wash margins. {Honer 3127) Lycium andersonii A. Gray ANDERSON’S THORNBUSH. Shrub. Occasional to uncommon in open shrubby places. {Bell 3466) Lycium cooperi A. Gray COOPER’S BOXTHORN. Shmb. Uncommon in open shrubby places. {Bell 8063) Nicotiana obtusifolia Martens & Galeotti DESERT TOBACCO. Perennial herb. Occasional at the base of boulders and along gravelly wash margins. {Bell 3014) Physalis crassifolia Benth. YELLOW GROUND CHERRY. Annual of perennial herb. Occasional on rocky volcanic slopes and in open gravelly places at base of boulders. {Bell 3015) Tamaricaceae *Tamarix ramossisima Ledeb. TAMARISK. Tree. Uncommon, but locally frequent in upper Hondo Wash in the northwestern section of the Unit. {Honer 1856) Viscaceae Phoradendron bolleanum (Seem.) Eichl. BOLLEAN MISTLETOE. Parasitic shrub on Jimiperus sp.. Uncommon to locally common on junipers. {Bell 7861) Phoradendron californicum Nutt. CALIFORNIA MESQUITE MISTLETOE. Parasitic shrub on Senegalia gregii and in a few cases seen on Larrea tridentata. {Bell 3469) Zygophyllaceae Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. CREOSOTE BUSH. Perennial shrub. Occasional to common on rocky slopes and flats and in open gravelly places of valley floor. {Fraga 3919) 62 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 ANGIOSPERMAE-MONOCOTYLEDONES Alliaceae Allium fimbriatum S. Watson var. fimbriatum FRINGED ONION. Perennial herb from bulb. Uncommon to locally frequent on rocky/gravelly slopes and open gravelly flats. (Bell 7941) Allium lacunosum S. Watson var. davisiae (M.E. Jones) D. McNeal & F. Ownbey DAVIS’ PITTED ONION. Perennial herb from bulb. Only found at one location at the northwestern comer of Black Lava Butte where it was locally common on heavy silty mixed soils of granite and volcanics. (Bell 8084) Juncaceae Juncus bufonius L. TOAD RUSH. Annual herb. Occasional in moist wash sand of Hondo Wash. (Honer 2243) Juncus macrophyllus Cov. LONGLEAVED RUSH. Perennial. Uncommon. A few scattered populations in sandy/gravelly bottoms of seasonally mesic drainages. (Bell 8599) Juncus mexicanus Willd. MEXICAN RUSH. Perennial herb. Uncommon but at times locally frequent in mesic sections of sandy/gravelly drainages. (Bell 8643) Juncus xiphioides E. Meyer IRISLEAVED RUSH. Perennial herb. Occasional along wash margins of upper Hondo Wash. (Honer 2244) Liliaceae Calochortus kennedyi Porter DESERT MARIPOSA LILY. Perennial herb from bulb. Occasional to locally common on rocky/gravelly slopes of volcanics and granitics. (Bell 2484) Yucca brevifolia Engelm. JOSHUA TREE. Tree. Occasional to common across most of the Unit. (Bell 3457) Yucca schidigera K.E. Ortgies MOHAVE YUCCA. Shrub. Occasional to common across most of the Unit, sometimes forming large clonal rings. (Bell 3458) Melanthiaceae Toxicoscordion brevibracteatum (M. E. Jones) R. R. Gates DESERT DEATHCAMAS. Perennial herb. Uncommon. A few populations seen on gravelly slopes and open sandy/gravelly flats. (Bell 7938) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 63 Poaceae Aristida adscensionis L. SIXWEEKS THREEAWN. Annual grass. Occasional/ scattered in sandy/gravelly washes and on rocky/gravelly slopes. (Bell 7985) Aristida purpurea Nutt. Var. fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey FENDLER’S THREEAWN. Perennial grass. Infrequent along wash margins and on gravelly slopes. (Bell 7868) Aristida purpurea Nutt. Var. nealleyi (Vasey) K.W. Allred NEALLEY THREEAWN. Perennial grass. Scattered in rocky places above wash in Hondo Wash. (Honer 2240) Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. NEEDLE GRAMA. Summer annual grass. Uncommon to locally common in sandy/gravelly washes and benches following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 2952) Bouteloua barbata (Lagasca) SIXWEEK GRAMA. Summer annual grass. Uncommon to locally common on sandy/gravelly benches above drainages and on gravelly slopes following summer monsoonal rains. (Bell 2951) *Bromus madritensis L. subsp. rubens (L.) Husnot FOXTAIL BROME. Annual grass. Uncommon to locally common on rocky slopes and gravelly flats. (Bell 2496) *Bromus tectorum L. CHEATGRASS. Annual grass. Uncommon to locally frequent in open gravelly places and on rocky slopes. (Bell 2497) *Bromus trinii Desv. CHILEAN CHESS. Annual grass. Uncommon/infrequent on rocky slopes and flats. (Bell 2499) Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Rydb. FLUFFGRASS. Perennial grass. Uncommon to locally abundant on rocky slopes and on gravelly benches. (Bell 7995) Distichlis spicata (L.) E. Greene SALTGRASS. Perennial grass. Locally common around springs. (Honer 227 1) Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey BOTTLEBRUSH. Perennial grass. Occasional on rocky slopes and in open gravelly flats among shrubbery. (Bell 2498) Festuca microstachys Nutt. SMALL FESCUE. Annual grass. Uncommon to locally frequent on small gravelly slopes among and at base of boulders. (Bell 7942) Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Scribn.) BIG GALLETA GRASS. Perennial grass. Occasional to locally common on rocky slopes and in open shrubby places. (Bell 2502) Melica frutescens Seribner HELIGRASS. Perennial herb. Occasional in shady duff along rock cracks in Hondo Wash and in boulder places in the southwestern comer of Flat Top Mesa. (Bell 9391) Melica imperfecta Trin. SMALLFLOWERED MELICA. Perennial grass. Uncommon to occasional among boulders. (Bell 3479) Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyan) L. Parodi SCRATCHGRASS. Perennial grass. Uncommon. A single localized population found around a 64 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 spring in upper Hondo Wash in the northwestern section of the Unit. {Bell 8607) Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A. Hitchc. DEERGRASS. Perennial bunch grass. Occasional to locally common along narrow drainages and around springs. {Bell 8610) Poa secunda J.S. Presl PINE BLUEGRASS. Perennial grass. Uncommon/ scattered on rocky/gravelly slopes. {Bell 7857) *Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. RABBITSFOOT GRASS. Annual grass. Occasional to locally frequent around springs. {Honer 2161) *Schismus arabicus Nees MEDITERRANEAN GRASS. Annual grass. Uncommon in gravelly soils around boulders. {Bell 7839) Sporobolus contractus A. Hitchc. SPIKE DROPSEED. Perennial grass. Uncommon/infrequent on sandy/gravelly benches along upper Hondo Wash in the northwestern section of the Unit following summer monsoonal rains. {Bell 8611) Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. DESERT NEEDLEGRASS. Perennial bunch grass. Occasional to frequent on rocky slopes and benches and in amongst boulders. {Bell 7856) Themidaceae Dichelostemma capitatum Alph. Wood BLUE DICKS. Perennial herb. Uncommon/scattered on volcanic flats of buttes and on gravelly slopes around Hidden Valley. {Bell 2507) Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 65 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANISTS ANSTRUTHER DAVIDSON, M.D. (1860-1932) Gary D. Wallace Research Associate, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, California gwallace@rsabg.org Figure 1: Anstruther Davidson (image used by permission of the University and Jepson Herbarium Archives, January 7, 2016). 66 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 ABSTRACT: Biographical, botanical, and bibliographical information is presented about Anstruther Davidson. In addition to being a practicing medical doctor and writer of numerous entomological papers, Davidson was a talented, well-rounded botanist committed to collecting and vouchering the local flora of southern California and publishing his findings. He described many new taxa, carefully preparing and citing the type specimens kept in his personal herbarium. He was an active member of the medical and scientific community in Los Angeles, a founding member of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, and member of the Wild Flower Club of the Southwest Museum. KEYWORDS: Davidson, botanist, Los Angeles County, southern California, flora, Southern California Academy of Sciences, Natural History Museum, Southwest Museum. Anstruther Davidson (Figure 1 ) was one of the first resident botanists in southern California dedicated to documenting the local flora and among the most prolific in publishing descriptions of the new taxa he found. He made extensive collections throughout Los Angeles County and southern California in general and maintained a well-organized personal herbarium of vouchers for the flora and his many new taxa. Davidson expressed his attitude regarding the need for voucher specimens for floristic lists clearly. He stated “Local lists without a collection to indicate exactly the plants referred to are of doubtful scientific value.” (Davidson 1 896). Davidson was the first to publish a document on the flora of Los Angeles County, first as a checklist (Davidson 1892), then as a catalogue (Davidson 1896), and ultimately as a book-length flora (Davidson and Moxley 1923). He was instrumental in the formation of the Southern California Academy of Sciences and an officer in that organization. Davidson’s personal herbarium of about 6,000 specimens was donated in September 1930 to and constituted the comprehensive basis for the herbarium of the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art — now known as the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LAM). Prior to that time, records indicate that the Museum’s herbarium may have contained fewer than 2,000 specimens. Davidson’s herbarium, which included specimens from several other collectors, constituted the unique core of the LAM herbarium from 1930 to 1986. In 1986 all of the vascular plant specimens from LAM were transferred to Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium (RSA) in Claremont, California. Anstruther Davidson was bom in Watten, Caithness County, Scotland on Febmary 1 9, 1 860. He graduated with honors from the University of Glasgow in 1881 with a C.M. (Chimrgiae Magister) and M.B. (Medicinae Baccalaureus) and with his M.D. degree by thesis in 1887. His specialty was dermatology. Davidson lived in Thornhill, Dumfriesshire, Scotland by 1882 and maintained a practice there until 1888. Davidson’s interest in local flora and natural history are evident by Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 67 his collections and publications during that period. Anstmther and his brother Thomas Davidson, also a medical doctor, immigrated to the United States and Los Angeles in 1889. Jepson described Davidson’s appearance after a visit as a “... typical Scotsman in many ways, wears pointed English beard, fair complexion, bald head, tall, and slender rather than stout” (W.L. Jepson, field notes for June 11, 1901). Ewan described Davidson’s demeanor. “He is a man full of interest, not shelved, nor cynical, nor disappointed with life, but a trifle melancholy, and above all, full of sifted wisdom.” (Ewan 1934). Anstmther Davidson’s botanical and natural history activities prior to his arrival in Los Angeles are noteworthy. He made plant collections in the 1880s while living in Dumfriesshire County, southern Scotland and contributed them to the herbarium of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, of which he was a member. Other local collectors likewise contributed to this herbarium. Davidson apparently acquired some plant specimens for the Society’s herbarium through the Botanical Exchange Club of London. Originally the Society’s herbarium was maintained by the Burgh Museum. The specimens are now incorporated into the herbarium of the Dumfries Museum, Dumfries, Scotland. Davidson published papers on the plants and birds of the Dumfriesshire area in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society between 1881 and 1891, as cited below. He also contributed two appendix chapters. The Flora of Sanquhar and Kirkconnel Parishes and Fauna of Sanquhar District, to a book on the history of Sanquhar (Davidson 1891) (Figure 2). Some of the specimens collected by Davidson were cited for species records in the Flora of Dumfriesshire published after Davidson had emigrated to the U.S. (Scott-Elliot 1896). The author of that work lamented the fact that some of Davidson’s specimens were no longer available for verification because he took them with him to California. Davidson married Alice Jane Merritt (1 859-- 1931) in 1897. They likely met as members of the Wild Flower Club associated with the Southwest Museum or when both served on the Executive Committee of the Southern California Science Association (SCSA). Alice was also interested in plants and wrote California Plants in their Homes (1898). They had two sons, Ronald Anstmther Davidson (1899-1965) and Merritt Thomas Davidson (1902-1991). Alice died July 4, 1931 followed by Anstmther on April 3, 1932. Both are buried in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. Anstmther’s brother Thomas died in Los Angeles, on November 28, 1932. 68 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 There is no record that Anstruther Davidson served as an officer of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society in Scotland. However, by December 14, 1891, only two and a half years after arriving in Los Angeles, he was one of the vice presidents at the organizational meeting of the Southern California Science Association (SCSA). Anstruther Davidson was elected president for 1892-1894 when the organization changed its name to the Southern California Academy of Sciences (SCAS). He served as vice president and treasurer of SCAS and was elected a Life Member and a Fellow of SCAS. The Botanical Section of the SCAS was established around 1896, and Davidson served as Chairman from 1904 to 1931. Davidson was elected a corresponding Figure 2: Davidson’s contribution of the flora member of the Academy of Natural and fauna to Brown’s (1891) History of the Sciences of Philadelphia in 1894. He Sanquhar. honorary member of the Entomological Society. Davidson was one of 13 founding members of the Los Angeles Dermatological Society in 1929 and its first president (Ayres 1971). According to American Men of Science 1910, he was a practicing physician from 1887 to 1910. Davidson is listed as a Professor of Dermatology at the University of California’s College of Physicians and Surgeons (Medical Department) from 1910-11 until the school closed in 1919 (Obermayer 1969). Obermayer also recounts, “From all accounts he must have been a remarkable and colorful man.” Davidson made donations to the nascent Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art. The cornerstone of the building was laid in December 1910. Between 1912 and 1913 Davidson donated specimens of insects, shrimp, minerals, bird nests, mammal skulls, pamphlets, books, and catalogues. A gap of many years in his donation records at the Natural History Museum may be due in part to his affiliation with the Southwest Museum and his status as Curator of Botany there from at least 1921 to 1923. In December 1925, Davidson sent a letter to Dr. Philip Munz, then a professor of Botany at Pomona College in HISTORY OF SANQUHAR .1 A M E ^3 B R O W N BunOH AS&ESSOA THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE DISTRICT f Ur anstruther UAVIUSON |>ll.MfRIF>!; J. ANUKllsUN 4 M)N KDlNItURCll AX1> liLASliOW: .JOHN MENZlFtS * (.’O. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 69 Claremont and curator of the herbarium (POM) now in the RSA archives. It was apparently in response to a letter of inquiry from Munz suggesting that Davidson consider donating his personal herbarium to Pomona College. Davidson’s letter stated that the Academy (Southern California Academy of Sciences) had a large but unarranged collection at the Southwest Museum. Davidson’s letter also stated that Pomona was too far away to access the collections and indicated that he envisioned all botanical collections together in Los Angeles at Exposition Park and the Museum of History, Science, and Art. Presumably he meant his personal herbarium, the small collection at the Natural History Museum, and that of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, then at the Southwest Museum. In July of 1926, the Southwest Museum announced its decision to focus on Anthropology. This meant effective disengagement with the entomological and botanical collections as well as other natural history collections. Previously affiliated societies, including the Bird Lovers’ Club, the Conchological Club, the Lorquin Natural History Club, and the Wild Flower Club were likewise abandoned. By 1928 Davidson had resumed donating to the Natural History Museum books, pamphlets, and particularly herbarium specimens. Davidson donated the bulk of his herbarium to the Museum on September 25, 1930 and continued to donate specimens until shortly before his death in 1932. His son donated additional specimens and slides shortly after his father’s death. According to Museum records it was several years before all of Davidson’s specimens were mounted. Davidson’s original herbarium donated to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LAM) is now part of the herbarium at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSA) in Claremont, California. Duplicates of Davidson’s collections are distributed in several herbaria including BM, DFSM, DS, E, F, GH, NMW, NY, UC, and US. These herbarium acronyms are explained in Index Herbariorim Part I: The Herbaria of the World. It is probable that Davidson’s specimens at BM, DFSM, E, and NMW consist mostly of his collections from Scotland and not those from California. Davidson brought herbarium specimens from his native Scotland with him to America. Well over 150 of Davidson’s specimens documenting the flora of Dumfriesshire Scotland are now at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden herbarium (RSA). The small labels, 2 inches wide, are distinctive, and details are SCROPHULARIACE^. Melampyrum pratense, I*. Common Sylvnn Cow-whoat. — Woods and I,, Tu,. 1)^ Col. Figure 3: Label from Davidson’s collection from Scottland reading “Creehope [now Crichope] Linn, Thornhill, July [18]83.” 70 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 in Davidson’s hand (Figure 3). There are similar labels on other collections made in Scotland and now housed at RSA that were brought over by Davidson. Anstmther Davidson’s plant collections constitute the earliest broad-range documentation of the flora of southern California. He maintained a personal herbarium that consisted of about 6,000 specimens collected throughout most of southern California. According to records provided by the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum’s Registrar’s Office, Davidson donated small numbers of his and others’ specimens over the years, but the bulk of Davidson’s herbarium was donated by him on September 25, 1930. The donation was recorded as accession number 1 14, clearly shown in a rectangular box stamp on the specimens (Figure 4). The provenance of Davidson’s specimens can often be traced by inspection of their labels (Figure 4). The specimen in Figure 4 was most likely received unmounted from Davidson because the Museum’s label acknowledging receipt of the donation is in the lower right comer in the space traditionally reserved for the first label on a specimen. Further documentation of the donation is provided by the rectangular stamp that noted “Acc. No. 114”. This corresponds to Registrar’s records at the Natural History Museum. Davidson’s script label acknowledges the collection was made by Burlew and entered into Davidson’s herbarium as specimen number 3137. The specimen is now at RSA, and has been entered into their database. Davidson’s herbarium techniques deserve specific comment. Davidson’s labels are scant on data by today’s standards. His labels were often hand written in pencil or typed but usually included just the name of the specimen, a minimal reference to collection location, the collector’s name - which was sometimes only a surname and sometimes omitted completely if the specimen was one of his own — and various forms of the dates of collection. Perhaps most important is the fact that Davidson did not use collection numbers; he had no chronological sequence of numbering of his collections. Rather, a number associated with a Davidson collection is his accession number for that specimen in his herbarium. This is clear because these numbers are written in at the top left of his printed labels in front of the “Herbarium, A. Davidson, M.D.” and never near a collector’s name at the bottom of the label (Figure 4). This is also apparent in the manner in which he often refers to type specimens in his published papers. Specimens were assigned numbers as they were entered into his herbarium apparently regardless of when they were collected. This same system applies to specimens collected by acquaintances and sent to Davidson for inclusion in his herbarium and papers on the local flora (e.g. collections made by Kessler, Bullard, Benton, or Hutchinson). These were assigned numbers as they were entered into Davidson’s herbarium (Figure 4). Many databased herbarium specimens incorrectly record Davidson’s herbarium numbers as his collection numbers. Davidson’s handwriting can be difficult to read. His script capital “P” often looks backwards and his script “9” Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 71 RANCHO SANTA ANA BOTANir r.AnnKINJ CuUmsia torrcyi A. Gray var. arighlii (S, Wats.) I M. Johnston Del by O. Mislretla May 2(10(i I J Figure 4: Label area of herbarium specimen at RSA showing Davidson’s herbarium specimen number 3 1 37 and the accession stamp from the Los Angeles Museum Herbarium indicating it was part of Accession number 1 14. often looks like an elongate lazy “S” (Figure 4). In its extreme, his “9” (e.g. 1907) has been interpreted as a forward slash (i.e. 1/07) and entered in databases as January 1907 rather than just 1907. Difficulty in deciphering his script has resulted in numerous erroneous entries for Davidson specimens in various databases. Davidson’s publication record is remarkable. His contributions to floristic treatments began in Scotland (Appendix l)(Figure 2) and continued when he came to California. It seems that he was able to make collections, compare them with specimens already in his herbarium or described in the publications that covered the area flora, and determine relatively quickly whether they warranted description and publication as new taxa. Davidson published his List of Plants of Los Angeles County, Cal. in 1892 (Figure 5) and maintained personal annotated copies of his list, adding new taxa in subsequent years prior to publication of his Catalogue in 1896 (Figure 6). Some of the annotations added habitat notes that were roughly incorporated into the 1896 Catalogue. Some indicated collection localities variously included in the 1896 Catalogue or the 1923 Flora (Figure 7). Most taxa added to the 1892 list by annotation were represented by voucher specimens in Davidson’s herbarium. Some, however, represent records of taxa from localities where they are not known to occur. This is because at some point some of Davidson’s herbarium specimens were lost to damage. An example is Nemacaulis denudata that Davidson cited by annotation as occurring at Acton. No voucher specimens have been found, nor is this easily-identified species known to occur at Acton. There are likely several LOS ANGELES MUSEUM HERBARIUM A. DAVIDSON HERBARIUM Presented In 1930 by Anstruther Davidson M. D. Date Coll. Remarks : No. Specimen data entered into RSA-POM Database Aco. Nt , HERBARIUM. A. DAVIDSON, M. D. ^ /s .. 72 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 I O cd > O ^ Q - ^ S U a. — o iTi ."2 3 i— OC c < Ilf ■>: D. 3 3 , o Q ‘o ^ ^ 3 ^ •a S)13 •c ° d E 22 o u Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 73 FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ANSTRUTHER DAVIDSON, M. D. AND GEORGE L. MOXLEY TIMES-MIRROR PRESS LOS ANGELES 1923 Figure 7: Davidson and Moxley 1923. Flora of Southern California. 74 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Other taxa Davidson saw and collected entered in his annotations that lack extant vouchers and have not been recollected in the same localities since that time. A few comments on the context of Davidson’s contributions to southern California floristics (Davidson 1892, 1896 and Davidson and Moxley 1923) seem warranted. These are to describe the published resources available and their scope and content compared to Davidson’s contributions. The input and assistance of fellow local botanists was also available to and acknowledged by Davidson. Davidson 1892: The first significant treatments to include the flora of southern California were Brewer et al. (1876) and Watson (1880). These two volumes contained descriptions and some keys to taxa found throughout the state, including southern California. The southern California collections were made as the geological survey party traversed the area. A second edition of the first volume was issued with the first edition of the second volume (Brewer et al. 1880). The Flora of Southern and Lower California, a check-list of the flowering plants and ferns, was published by Orcutt in 1 885; however, its coverage was confined to San Diego County and adjacent Lower California. The Parishs’ published Plants of Southern California collected in the counties of San Bernardino and Los Angeles (Parish 1891). San Bernardino County then included what is now Riverside County until the latter was separated in 1893. Parishs’ list was essentially a catalogue of plants the Parishs could provide for sale or exchange. Davidson likely used these published resources to identify his specimens and corroborate species occurrences in southern California. Aside from Brewer et al. (1876) and Watson (1880), descriptions of plant taxa in southern California had to be gleaned from disparate articles published elsewhere that often underrepresented California taxa. None of the available publications focused on Los Angeles County. Davidson’s 1892 checklist focused on plant taxa verified as occurring in Los Angeles County. In that publication he stated that he accounted for the southern California taxa noted in Brewer et al. ( 1 876 and 1880), Watson ( 1 880), and Parish (1891). Additionally, he apparently included taxa noted by Orcutt (1885) that he verified as occurring in Los Angeles County. Davidson also acknowledged the assistance of Hasse for coastal taxa. Davidson 1896: Subsequent to Davidson’s 1892 list, McClatchie published Flora of Pasadena and vicinit}’ (McClatchie 1895). McClatchie’s list included general habitat descriptions and flowering times for the plant taxa. Davidson ( 1 896) acknowledged McClatchie’s work, as well the assistance of Hasse, Parish, and his wife-to-be, Alice Merritt. Davidson’s Catalogue still focused on taxa verified by specimens to occur in Los Angeles County and included some habitat description for most taxa. Davidson stated that voucher specimens for all of the listed taxa in the catalogue were in his or his collaborator’s collections (Davidson 1896). Doubtful records were identified as such in the text. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 75 Davidson and Moxley 1923: In 1901 the Southern California Academy of Sciences issued a prospectus for a catalogue of the higher orders of southern California plants. This prospectus included the title page and two unnumbered specimen pages. The species’ treatments included additional references to habitat and range descriptions. The publication titled Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta of southern California (Parish 1901) for some reason was never published and is not known to have been completed. Parish (1910) made no mention of this work in his bibliography of the southern California flora. It is not known whether Davidson had a copy for his reference. Abrams published a Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity (Abrams 1904). This covered the coastal slopes of Los Angeles and Orange Counties and included species and range descriptions. Abrams published revised editions of this flora, (1911 and 1917). Jepson had begun serial publication of his A Flora of California (Jepson 1909, 1912, and 1914). This flora had detailed species and range descriptions, keys, references, and specimen citations. Davidson had at his disposal unmatched specimen collections for southern California and perhaps wanted to produce a more locally focused and manageable flora. Davidson and Moxley ( 1 923) included habitat descriptions, flowering times, and keys to the vascular pants of southern California. They identified the range of their flora as covering Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, Riverside, Imperial, San Diego, Orange, and Los Angeles Counties. Ventura County, established in 1872, was not specifically mentioned but was likely included as a bridge to Santa Barbara County. Davidson’s floristic contributions were focused and specimen- based. Davidson and Moxley (1923) stood unmatched in coverage of the flora of southern California for over a decade. I have made only passing reference to the fact that Davidson published several medical and entomological articles. These facets of his life and career will be left for others to explore. Anstruther Davidson’s place as one of the first influential southern California botanists is secure. Although an immigrant to this country and a practicing and teaching medical professional, Davidson followed his passion for studying and collecting the local flora. He published at least 94 articles and coauthored the first book on the flora of southern California (Appendix 1). Davidson described 67 plant taxa, 22 of which are still recognized at the rank of species, subspecies, or variety (Appendix 2). Type specimens for all but one taxon based on collections made by Davidson and Davidson’s personal herbarium are now housed at RSA. His approach to collections and publications has had a profound impact on initiating and elevating the scientific study of our flora. Fourteen plant taxa and at least nine insects (Hymenoptera) have been named in honor of Anstruther Davidson (Appendix 3). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to thank David Hollombe for biographical information on Anstruther Davidson. Thanks also to Ms Laura McGovern, Assistant Registrar of the Los Angeles County Natural History 76 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Museum, Los Angeles, California for information on the accessioning of Davidson’s herbarium; Ms Lydia Lee, Assistant Provost for Faculty Affairs, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California for information on Davidson’s teaching tenure at USC; Mr. Andrew Doran, Assistant Director for Collections, University & Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, California for an image of an Opuntia specimen; Dr. Debra Trock, Director of Science Collections and Senior Collections Manager, Botany, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California for images of Opuntia from the Parish Herbarium; and Ms Joanne Turner, Museums Officer , Dumfries Museum, Dumfriesshire, Scotland for information on Davidson’s collections and publications in Scotland. Permission to use the image of Davidson that appeared in Ewan’s 1 934 article was granted by the University and Jepson Herbaria Archives. Access to the collections, library, and archives, as well as the encouragement and support of the staff of Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California, are greatly appreciated. LITERATURE CITED Abrams, L.R. 1904. Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity. Stanford University Press, Stanford University, California. 1911. Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity. Supplemented edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford University, California. 1917. Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity. Stanford Bookstore, Stanford University, California. Brewer, W., S. Watson, and A. Gray. 1876. Botany, volume I . Polypetalae [and] Gamopetalae. Geological Survey of California. Welch, Bigelow, & Co., Cambridge Massachusetts. , , and 1880. Botany, volume I. Polypetalae [and] Gamopetalae. Geological Survey of California. Second (revised) edition. John Wilson & Son, Cambridge Massachusetts. Davidson, A. 1891. The flora of Sanquhar and Kirkconnel Parishes, pp. 1-27, and Fauna of Sanquhar District, pp. 28-34 in J. Brown The History of Sanquhar. J. Anderson & Son, Dumfries, Scotland. Ewan, J. 1934. Anstruther Davidson: An appreciation. Madrono 2(15): 124-128. Jepson, W.L. 1909, 1912, and 1914. A Flora of California. Vol. 1. Part 1. pp. 33-64 and Part 2. 337-368, published 1909 Cunningham, Curtiss & Welch, San Francisco, California; Part 3. pp. 65-192, published 1912 Cunningham, Curtiss & Welch, San Francisco, California; Part 4. pp. 369-464 and Part 5. pp. 465-528, published 1914 H.S. Crocker Co. and Cunningham, Curtiss & Welch, San Francisco, California. McClatchie, A.J. 1895. Flora of Pasadena and vicinity. Pages 605-649 in H.A. Reid. History of Pasadena. Pasadena History Company, Pasadena, California. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 77 Parish, S.B. 1901. Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta of southern California. [Prospectus only]. Proceedings of the Southern California Academy of Sciences vol. IL [4 unnumbered pages]. , 1910. A bibliography of the southern California flora. IL Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 9(l):57-62. , and W.F. 1891. Plants of southern California collected in the counties of San Bernardino, San Diego, and Los Angeles. H.N. Patterson, Printer. Oquawka, Illinois. Ross, T. 1998. British plants in southern California [by Anstrather Davidson], Crossosoma 23(2);68-70, Autumn- Winter 1997. Issued November 1998. Scott-Elliot, G.F. 1896. The Flora of Dumfriesshire Including Part of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. J. Maxwell & Son, Dumfries, [Scotland]. Watson, S. 1880. Botany, volume II. Geological Survey of California. John Wilson & Son, University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 78 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 APPENDIX 1: ARTICLES AND BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ANSTRUTHER DAVIDSON 1881. Alchemy and the alchemists. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series II, 2:6. [summary only]. 1887. Notes on the flora of upper Nithsdale and additions to the flora of Dumfriesshire. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series II, 4:50-56. 1 887. The botany of Sanquhar District. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series 11,4:109-112. 1888. Notes on local botany for 1886. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series 11,5:8-11. 1890. Birds of Upper Nithsdale. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series II, 6:76-82. 1891. The flora of Sanquhar and Kirkconnel Parishes, Appendix pp. 1-27. In: J. Brown. The History of Sanquhar to which is added the flora and fauna of the District by Dr. Anstruther Davidson. Dumfries, J. Anderson & Son; Edinburgh and Glasgow, John Menzies & Co. 1891. Fauna of Sanquhar District, Appendix pp. 28-34. In: J. Brown. The History of Sanquhar to which is added the flora and fauna of the District by Dr. Anstruther Davidson. Dumfries, J. Anderson & Son; Edinburgh and Glasgow, John Menzies & Co. 1891. British plants in southern California. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Series 11,7:112-115. 1892. A list of plants of Los Angeles County, Cal. 20 pp. [Los Angeles. Published October 1892 according to Introductory in Davidson 1896]. 1893. Immigrant plants in Los Angeles County, California - I. Erythea 1(3):56- 61. March 1, 1893. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 79 1893. Immigrant plants in Los Angeles County, California - II. Erythea 1(4):98- 104. April 1, 1893. 1893. The nest and parasites of Xylocopa orpifex Smith. Entomological News 4(5):15L153. May 1893. 1894. California field notes -I. Calochortus. Erythea 2(1): 1-2. January 2, 1894. 1894. California field notes - II. Calochortus continued from p. 2; New records for Catalina Island. Erythea 2(2);27-30. February 9, 1 894. 1894. California field notes - III. On Big Rock Creek. Erythea 2{4):6 1-64. April 1, 1894. 1894. California field notes - IV. Northern species near Los Angeles. Erythea 2(5):83-85. May 1, 1894. 1 894. On the parasites of wild bees in California. Entomological News 5(6): 1 70- 1 72. June 1 894. [Includes a description of Brachycoma davidsoni n. sp. Coquillett on p. 172]. 1894. California field notes -V. The Cruciferae of Los Angeles County. Erythea 2(11): 177- 180. November 1, 1894. 1895. The habits of Californian bees and wasps. Anthidium emarginatum, its life history and parasites. Entomological News 6(8):252-253. October 1895. 1895. Botanical excursion to Antelope Valley. Erythea 3(11):153-158. November 1, 1895. 1896. Malvastrum splendidum,¥^Q\\ogg. Erythea 4(4):68-69. April 7, 1896. 1896. Catalogue of the plants of Los Angeles County. Part I - Phaenogamia. [text date July 1, 1896] Proceedings of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1(1): 1-36. [Also issued as a reprint and sold for 35 cents.] 1897. So-called spider-bites and their treatment. (A paper read before the Southern California Medical Society, December 18, 1896). Therapeutic Gazette, Third Series, volume XIII, No. 2:80-82. February 15, 1897. 1897. California bees and their parasites. Proceedings of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1(3): 1-12. April, 1897. 80 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 1898. The lupines of Los Angeles County, California. Erythea 6(7):70-72. July 31, 1898. 1900. A bee-fly four years in the larval state. Entomological News 11(6):5190- 511. June 1900. 1902. A new Zausclmeria. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences l(l):4-6. January 1902. 1902. Scrophularia glabrata, sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences l(3):25-26. March 1, 1902. 1902. Sphaerostigma erythra, sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1(9): 1 18-1 19. November 1, 1902. 1902. Penstemon parishii, a hybrid. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1(10): 141. December 1, 1902. 1903. New records for Los Angeles County. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 2(2):28-30. February 1, 1903. 1903. New plant records for Los Angeles County, Part 11. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 2(4-5):43. April-May 1903. 1903. New plant records for Los Angeles County, Part III. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 2(6):70. June 1, 1903. 1904. Flora of the Clifton District, Arizona. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 3(7):1 10-1 1 1. October 1904. [Davidson was under contract to a mining company in Arizona until mid- 1901 (ref Jepson field notes June 3, 1901)] 1905. Flora of Clifton, Arizona. 11. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 4(1): 18- 19. January 1905. 1905. Flora of Clifton, Arizona. III. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 4(2):35-36. February 1905. 1905. An enemy of the trap door spider. Entomological News 16(7):233-234. September 1905. 1 905. Flora of Clifton, Arizona. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 4(8):130-13L November 1905. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 81 1906. A revision of the western Mentzelias. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 5(1): 13- 18. March 1906. 1906. A visit to Rock Creek. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 5(3):60-62. December 1906. 1906. Flora of Clifton, Arizona. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 5(3):67-70. December 1906. 1907. The changes in our weeds. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 6(1): 10-11. March 1907. 1907. Flora of Clifton, Arizona. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 6(2):34-36. July 1907. 1907. Notes on Sphaerostigma Muhlenbergia 3(7): 105-108. October 1907. [describes Sphaerostigma hallii on p. 107 and S. hirtellum var. montanum on p. 108]. 1908. The Delphinii of southern California. Muhlenbergia 4(3):33-37. June 1908. [describes Delphinium parryi var. maritimum on p. 35 and D. hanseni var. kernense on p. 37]. 1908. A trip to the Tehachapi Mountains. Muhlenbergia 4(5):65-68. November 1908. [describes Fritillaria pinetorum on p. 67]. 1909. New botanical records for Los Angeles. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 8( 1 ):8. January 1 909. 1910. Calochortus paludicola sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 9(1 ):52-54. January 1910. 1910. Some large trees. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 9(l):55-56. January 1910. 1910. Acrolasia tridentata sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 9(2):71. July 1910. 1911. The twisting of pines. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 10(1):8-10. January 1911. 1911. Botanical records new or noteworthy. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 10(1):11-12. January 1911. 82 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 1912. Botanizing in Inyo County. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 11(1): 15-17. January 1912. 1912. A new Frasera. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 11(2);77. July 1912. 1913. Another mustard pest. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 12(1);11-12. January 1913. 1913. Masaria vespoides. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 12(1):17-18. January 1913. 1914. The oldest known tree. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 13(1): 14-16. January 1914. 1914. Notes on the southern California flora. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 13(2):43-44. July 1914. 1915. Two new mariposas. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 14(1):11-12. January 1915. 1916. Allium burlewii sp. nov. [also Draba vestita n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 15(1):17-18. January 1916. 1916. Opimtia nibriflora n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 15(2):33. July 1916. 1916. Additions to the flora of Los Angeles County in 1916. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 15(2):33-34. July 1916. 1917. Collinsia monticola Davidson sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 16(1):13-14. January 1917. 1917. Additions to the flora of Los Angeles County. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 16(1): 14. January 1917. 1917. Payne’s new hybrid lilac. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 16(2):45-46. July 1917. 1917. Rhamnus catalinae sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 16(2):47. July 1917. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 83 1917. Fremontodendron mexicanum sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 16(2):50. July 1917. 1918. Gnaphalium beneolens n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. i7(l):7. January 1918. 1918. Lupinus molUsifoUus spec. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 17(2):57. July 1918. 1918. Lupinus paynei spec. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 17(2):58^59, pi. x. July 1918. 1918. Additions to the local flora. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 17(2):60. July 1918. 1919. Lupinus subhirsutus n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 18(2):80. July 1919. 1920. [Botanical notes] Linanthus saxiphilus n. sp., Draba saxosa n. sp., Hutchinsia caiifornica n. sp., nodose hairs on lupines. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 19(1):10”12. January 1920. 1920. [New botanical records] Botanical section. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 19(3):54-55. July 1920. 1920. Allium montigenum n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 19(3):55-56. July 1920. 1921. New species from southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 20(2):49-53. August 1921. [descriptions of Allium pseudobulbiferum p. 49, Allium kessleri p. 49, Allium marvinii pp. 49-50, Allium monticola p. 51, Myzorrhiza hutchinsoniana p. 51, Lewisia bernardina p. 51-52, Ceanothus oblanceolatus p. 53, pL, Sedum niveum p. 53] 1922. New botanical records for southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 21(1):27. March 1922. 1922. New botanical species from S. California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 21(2):39-41. October 1922. [descriptions of Langloisia flaviflora p. 39, Allium tenellum p. 39, Fritillaria otayensis p. 41] 84 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 1923. New plants from S. California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 22(l):5-6. March 1923. [descriptions of Aster standleyi p. 5, plate on p. 6, Dudleya pan’a p. 5] 1923. New California plants. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 22(2);[70]-74. July 1923. 1923. Davidson, A. & G.L. Moxley. 1923. Flora of Southern California Times- Mirror Press, Los Angeles, pp. 452. [published October 1923] 1924. Anew species of Eriogonum. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 23(1): 17. January-February 1924. 1 924. Liliiim pariyi var. kessleri. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 23(2):53-54. March-April 1924. 1924. Zygadenus diegoensis sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 23(3):105. May-June 1924. 1924. Calochortus laternus and Allium grandisceptnm n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 23(4): 126. July-August 1924. [includes a section. Additions to the local flora] 1 925. Cotnandra nndiflora n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 24(3):68. September-December 1925. 1926. Gilia inconspicua var. dentijlora var. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 25(3):84. September-December 1926. 1927. Botanical field notes. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 26(1): 16. January-April 1927. 1927. Lupinus piperita sp. nov. and Delphinium inflexum sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 26(3):70. September-December 1927. 1 928. Early history of the Southern California Academy of Sciences). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 27(2):61-62. May-August 1928. 1928. Fritillaria hutchinsoni n. sp. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 27(3):78-79, (pi. 8 is on p. 78). Sept.-December 1928. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 85 1928. Stylophyllum anomalum sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 27(3):79. Sept.-December 1928. 1929. Penstemon dubium sp. nov. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 28(1);6"7. Jan.-April 1929. 1930. Horsfordia alata Gray a new record for U.S. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 29(2): 100. May-August 1930. 1931. Pinus muricata - Bishop pine (also additional notes on Quercus and Arctostaphylos). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 30(2):49. May-August 1931. APPENDIX 2: TAXA DESCRIBED AND NOMENCLATURAL COMBINATIONS MADE BY ANSTRUTHER DAVIDSON Oenothera rutila Davidson. Erythea 2(4):62-63. April 1, 1894. Hoiotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Big Rock Creek. A. Davidson s.n., July 8, 1894. RSA 350977 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). Isotype 99. = Eremothera boothii (Douglas) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. decorticans (Hook. & Am.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Senecio ilicetorum Davidson. Erythea 2(5):85. May 1, 1894. Hoiotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Wilson’s Peak, Pasadena Trail. A. Davidson s.n., June 12, 1892. RSA 351073 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). Isotype GH 00011960. = Senecio astephanus Greene Biscutella californica var. maritima Davidson. Erythea 2(11): 179. November 1894. Hoiotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Redondo Beach. Miss. A. J. Merritt s.n., June 1894. RSA 350589 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). = Dithyrea maritima (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley Tropidocarpum dubium Davidson. Erythea 2(11): 179- 180. November 1894. Hoiotype. [California, Los Angeles County] Meadows, Los Angeles. A. Davidson s.n., April 1892. RSA 351018 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). Cotype. [California] Foothills, L. A., April 1890. A. Davidson s.n., April 1890. RSA 428377A (Davidson Herbarium, no number). = Tropidocarpum gracile Hook. Zauschneria arizonica Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. ll(l):4-6. 1902. Hoiotype. Arizona, [Greenlee County], Metcalf, in creek bottom, 5,000 ft. alt. 86 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 [A. Davidson] s.n., October 10, 1900. RSA 588309 (Davidson’s Herbarium 365). Specimen identified as isotype by Hoch in 1995 [perhaps in error] Arizona, Metcalf. [A. Davidson] s.n., August 1900. POM 588310. = Epilobiiim caninn (Greene) Raven subsp. latifolium (Hook.) Raven Scrophularia glabrata Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. l(3);25-26. 1902. Holotype. Arizona, [Greenlee County], Metcalf [A. Davidson] s.n., October 10, 1900. RSA351081 (Davidson Herbarium 363). = Scrophularia panifiora Wooton & Standi. Sphaerostigma ery’ihrum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 1(9): 118, pi. 9. 1902. Holotype. Arizona, [Greenlee County], dry hill slopes south of Clifton. [A. Davidson] s.n., April 10, 1899. RSA 351060 (Davidson Herbarium 244). Isotypes DS, UC. = Eremothera chamaeneroidea (A. Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Acrolasia micrantha var. stricta Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 5(1): 15. 1906. Holotype. [California], Santa Barbara County, Ojai. F.W. Hubby 67, April 6, 1896. UC 19584. = Mentzelia micrantha (Hook. & Am.) Torr. & A. Gray Acrolasia desertorum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 5(1): 16. 1906. Holotype. [California, Imperial County] Signal Mts. Colorado Desert near Boundary Line. T. S. Brandegee s.n., March 30, 1901. RSA 440391 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). Isotypes UC 138574, UC 205885. = Mentzelia desertorum (Davidson) H.J. Thomps. & J.E. Roberts Acrolasia montanaDa\\di?,on. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 5(1): 18. 1906. Holotype California, Ventura County, Pinon belt of south side Mt. Pinos, Upper Sonoran Zone 6,000 ft. H.M. Hall 6511, July 8, 1905. RSA 350524 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). = Mentzelia montana (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley FI. of So. Calif, p. 240. October 1923. Montia spathulata var. viridis Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 5(3):61. 1906. Holotype [California], Los Angeles County, Big Rock Creek. H. Hasse and A. Davidson s.n., June 6, 1906. RSA 350989 (Davidson Herbarium 1507). Isotype GH 00020126 = Claytonia parviflora Hook, subsp. viridis (Davidson) John M. Mill & K. K.L. Chambers. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fail 2014 87 Phacelia humilis var. lobata Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5(3):61. 1906. Hoiotype [California, Los Angeles County], Big Rock Creek at Lowell Mines, 7,000 ft. H. Hasse and A. Davidson s.n., June 7, 1906. RSA 350917 (Davidson Herbarium 1491). = Phacelia austromontana J.T. Howell Sphaerostigma hallii Davidson. Muhlenbergia 3(7): 107. October 1907. Hoiotype. [California], Riverside County, Banning. H. M. Hall 446, April 17, 1897.' UC 147159. = Camissoniopsis pallida (Abrams) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. hallii (Davidson) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Sphaerostigma hirtelhm var. montanum Davidson. Muhlenbergia 3(7): 108. October 1907. = nom. illegit. Delphinium parryi var. maritimum Davidson. Muhlenbergia 4(3):35. June 1908. Hoiotype. California, Los Angeles County, Ballona Harbor. L. R. Abrams 1186, April 1, 1901. DS 60867. Isotype DS 93501. = Delphinium parryi A. Gray subsp. maritimum (Davidson) M. J. Wamock Delphinium hanseni var. kernense Davidson. Muhlenbergia 4(3):37. June 1908. Hoiotype. [California, Kern County], Dry northern slopes, 6000 ft., Mt, Cummings, Tehachapi Range. H. Hasse and A. Davidson s.n., June 10, 1907. RSA 350616 (Davidson Herbarium 1703). = Delphinium hanseni (Greene) Greene subsp. kernense (Davidson) Ewan Fritillaria pinetorum Davidson. Muhlenbergia 4(5): 67-68. November 1908. Hoiotype. [California, kern County], Mt. Cummings, Tehachapi Ranges about 6 or 7,000 ft. H. Hasse & A. Davidson s.n., June 12, 1908. RSA 350839 (Davidson Herbarium 1739). Isotypes DS 52942, GH 00029937. [Note: Both isotypes have 1907 for the collection year]. = Fritillaria pinetorum Davidson Calochortus paludicola Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 9(l):53-54, pi. s.n. [p. 52]. 1910. Hoiotype. [California], San Bernardino County, San Bernardino Mtns., Bear Valley. [A. Davidson] s.n., July 1909. RSA 350400 (Davidson Herbarium 2171). = Calochortus palmeri S. Watson var. palmeri Calochortus montanus (Purdy) Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 9(1):54. 1910. = Calochortus palmeri S. Watson 88 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Acrolasia tricuspis (A. Gray) Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 9(2):71. 1910. = Mentzelia tricuspis A. Gray Acrolasia triden1ataDa\\d%ox\. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 9(2):71 . 1910. Holotype. California, Inyo County, Haiwee Reservoir. [A. Davidson] s.n., April 26, 1910. RSA 350523 (Davidson Herbarium 2460). = Mentzelia tridentata (Davidson) H.J. Thomps. & J.E. Roberts Frasera puberulenta Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 11(2):71, pi. 1. 1912. Holotype. California, Inyo County, Bishop Creek, South Lake. [A. Davidson] s.n., July 1911. RSA 350843 (Davidson Herbarium 2705). = Frasera puberulenta Davidson Calochortus discolor Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 14(1); 11. January 1915. Holotype. California, [Inyo County], Andrews Camp, Bishop Creek. [A. Davidson] s.n., July 1911. RSA 350408 (Davidson Herbarium 2672). = Calochortus bruneaunis A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Calochortus campestris Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 14(1): 12. January 1915. Holotype. Ca/oc/?or///5 cawpes/m Davidson, California, [Inyo County], wet ground. Bishop. [A. Davidson] s.n., July 1911. RSA 350410 (Davidson Herbarium 2657). = Calochortus excavatus Greene Allium burlewii Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 15:17. 1916. Holotype. [California] Los Angeles County, Mt. San Antonio. [F. Burlew] s.n., June 1, 1915. RSA 350505 (Davidson Herbarium 3000). Isotype US 424770. = Allium burlewii Davidson Draba vestita Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Aead. Sci. 15(1): 17-18, f s.n. [p. 17]. 1916. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County] Mt. San Antonio. F. Burlew s.n., June 1, 1915. RSA 350582 (Davidson Herbarium 2995). Isotype RM 86906, isotypes also reported at UC and GH. [Note: Burlew is not known to have any collection numbers. Those attributed to him are Davidson’s Herbarium numbers. Davidson assigned numbers as he entered specimens in his private herbarium and dispersed the duplicates from his herbarium] = Draba corrugata S. Watson Opuntia rubriflora Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 15(2):33, f. s.n. [p. 32]. 1916. Lectotype. California, Los Angeles County, Hollywood. A. Davidson s.n.. May 1916. From Parish Herbarium deposited as DS 109148 now at CAS. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 89 Lectotype designated by B. Parfitt in 1988. = Opuntiax vaseyi (J.M. Coult.) Britton & Rose Collimia monticola Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 16(1):13"14. January 1917. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], at summit Swarthout Canyon, 6,800 ft. H.M. Hall 1500, June 3, 1900. UC 26665. Isotype RSA 350659. = Collinsia torreyi A. Gray var. wrightii (S. Watson) I.M. Johnst. Rhamnus catalinae Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 16(2):47. July 1917. Holotype. [California] Los Angeles County, Catalina Island. T. Payne s.n., October 11, 1909. RSA 351126 (Davidson Herbarium 2344). Isotype US 866494, erroneously recorded with Davidson as collector and his herbarium number as a collection number. = Rhamnus pirifolia Greene Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 16(2):50. July 1917. Holotype. [California, San Diego County] 15 miles from San Diego. Miss K.O. Sessions s.n., June 1917. RSA 350827 (Davidson Herbarium 3234). = Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson Gnaphalium beneolens Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 17(1): 17, f s.n. [p. 16]. 1918. Holotype. California, Los Angeles [County] [La] Crescenta. F. Burlew s.n.. Sept. 1917. RSA 350820 (Davidson Herbarium 3275). Isotype POM 4628; GH 00008291 erroneously considers Davidson’s Herbarium number 3275 as a collection number for Burlew. = Pseudognaphalium beneolens (Davidson) Anderb. Lupinus mollisifolius Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 17(2):57. 1918. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Sierra Madre. [T. Payne] s.n., July 1918. RSA 350747 (Davidson Herbarium 3310). Isotype GH 00065581. Cotype POM 2598. = Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson) Abrams Lupinus paynei Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 17(2):58~59, f s.n. [p.58- 59]. 1918. Holotype. California, [Los Angeles County], Santa Susana. [T. Payne] s.n., July 1918. RSA 350737 (Davidson Herbarium 3505). Isotype GD 00065610. POM 2596. = Lupinus excubitus M.E. Jones var. hallii (Abrams) C.P. Sm. Lupinus subhirsutus Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 18(2):80. 1919. Holotype. [California, Riverside County], Palm Springs. F. Daggett s.n., April 1919. POM 349950 (Davidson Herbarium 3333). Isotypes GH 00065677 90 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 erroneously with Davidson as collector, US 1011728 Daggett s.n. April 1919. = Lupimis arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson Linanthus saxiphilusXydLV\A'&or\. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 19(1):10. January 1920. Holotype. [California, San Bernardino County], San Bernardino Mountains, Seven Oaks. [A. Davidson] s.n., July 1901. RSA 350767 (Davidson Herbarium 2242). = Leptosiphon floribundns (A. Gray) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson Draba saxosa Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 19(1): 11. January 1920. Holotype. [California, Riverside County] top of San Jacinto Mtn. A. Davidson s.n., July 11, 1896. RSA 350585 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). = Draba saxosa Davidson Hutchinsia californica Davidson. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 19(1 ):11. January 1920. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Del Sur. [A. Davidson] s.n.. May 12, 1893. RSA 350803 (Davidson Herbarium, no number). = Honmngia procwnbens (L.) Hayek Allium montigenum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 19(3):55-56. 1920 July. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], San Gabriel Canyon. [A. Davidson] s.n., June 1, 1914. RSA 350493 (Davidson Herbarium 2974). = Allium peninsulare Greene var. peninsulare Allium pseudobulbiferum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20(2):49. 1921. Holotype. [California, San Bernardino County], Victorville. R. Kessler s.n.. May 1921. RSA 350490 (Davidson Herbarium 3410). = Allium lacunosum var. davisiae (M.E. Jones) McNeal & Ownbey Allium kessleri Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 20(2):49. 1921. Holotype. [California, San Bernardino County], San Bernardino Mountains, Little Bear Creek. R. Kessler s.n., June 1920. RSA 350499 (Davidson Herbarium 3409). = Allium panyi S. Watson Allium man’inii Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 20(2):49, 51, pi. s.n. [p.48]. 1921. Holotype. [California, Riverside County] near Banning. J. Marx’in, s.n., April 1921. RSA 350497 (Davidson Herbarium 3408). = Allium man’inii Davidson Allium monticola Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 20(2):51, pi. s.n. [p. 50] 1921. Holotype. [California], Los Angeles County, Mt. Markham. R. Kessler, Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 91 s.n., June 1921. RSA 350495 (Davidson Herbarium 1924). = Allium monticola Davidson Myzorrhiza hutchinsoniana Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20(2):5 1 . 1921 . Holotype. [California, Riverside County], near Palm Springs. Mrs. WW Hutchinson s.n., April 1921. RSA 350986 (Davidson Herbarium 3407). = Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller Lewisia bernardina Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20(2):51, 53. 1921. Holotype. [California, San Bernardino County], San Bernardino Mountains. [A. Davidson] s.n.. May 1921. RSA 350776 (Davidson Herbarium 3425). = Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) B.L. Rob. Ceanothus oblanceolatus Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 22(2):53, p. s.n. [p. 52], 1921. Holotype. California, Los Angeles County, Bouquet Canyon. Mrs. Hutchinson, s.n., May 1921. RSA 350683 (Davidson Herbarium 3412). Isotype GH 00051258, but erroneously cites Davidson’s Herbarium number 3412, as Hutchinson’s collection number. She had no collection numbers. = Ceanothus cuneatus Nuttall van cimeatus Sedum niveum Dmidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 20(2):53. 1921. Holotype. California, [San Bernardino County], San Bernardino Mts., N. slope Sugar Loaf R. Kessler, s.n., July 1921. RSA 351078 (Davidson Herbarium 3430). Isotype m 1319938. = Sedum niveum Davidson LangloisiaflavifloraDdiVidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 21(2);39. October 1922. Holotype. California, Kem County, Willow Springs, Mohave Desert roadside. [A. Davidson], s.n., May 28, 1922. RSA588096 (Davidson Herbarium 3506). = Loeseliastrum schottii (Ton.) Timbrook Allium tenellum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 21(2):39. October 1922. Holotype. [California], San Diego County, San Julian. R. Kessler s.n., June 1922. RSA 350488 (Davidson Herbarium 3524). Zsofvpe RSA 350489. = Allium campanulatim S. Watson (in part) mva Rose & Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 22( 1 ):5. March 1923. Holotype. California, Ventura County, Conejo Grade. Mrs. [J.H.] Bullard, s.n., June 1922. RSA350578 (Davidson Herbarium 3535). = Dudleya parx’a Rose & Davidson Gilia lineata Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 22(2):71, pi. 17. July 1923. Holotype. California, [Riverside County], Idyllwild. [J.C. Marx’in] s.n., April 1923. RSA 350824 (Davidson Herbarium 3570). = Gilia ochroleuca M.E. Jones subsp. exilis (A. Gray) A.D. Grant & V.E. Grant Gilia truncata Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 22(2):72, pi. 19. July 1923. Holotype. California, San Diego County, near Jacumba. [A. Davidson] s.n., s.d. RSA 350822 (Davidson Herbarium 3572). Isotypes CAS 00123846 (DS 131112), GH 00442318. = Ipomopsis tenuifolia (A. Gray) V. Grant Allium bullardiae Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 22(2):72, pi. 20. July 1923. Holotype. [California] San Diego [County] San Julian. [Mrs. J.H.] Bullard s.n., April 1923. RSA 350507 (Davidson Herbarium 3575). = Allium campanulatum S. Watson Hasseanthus kessleri Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 22(2):72, pi. 18. July 1923. Holotype. [California, Ventura County], Conejo Pass. [Mrs. J.H. Bullard] s.n., April 1922. RSA 350813 (Davidson Herbarium 3495). Isotype US 1100688. = Dudleya hlochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. blochmaniae Triteleia lactea (Lindley) Davidson & Moxley FI. So. Calif p. 87. Oct. 1923. = Triteleia hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene Eriogonum trichopes Torr. var. cordatum (Torr. & Frem.) Davidson & Moxley FI. So. Calif p. 109. Oct. 1923. = Eriogonum trichopes Torr. Alsine bongardiana (Femald) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 133. October 1923. = Stellaria borealis Bigelow subsp. sitchana (Steud.) Piper & Beattie Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 93 Delphinium maritimum (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 142. October 1923. = Delphinium parryi A. Gray subsp. maritimum (Davidson) M.J. Wamock Dithyrea maritima (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley. FL of So. Calif p. 151. October 1923. = Dithyrea maritima (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley Sidalcea parishii (B.L. Rob.) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif p. 231. October 1923. = Sidalcea hickmanii Greene subsp. parishii (B.L. Rob.) C.L. Hitchc. Malvastriim laxiflorum (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 233. October 1923. = Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Malvastriim nuttallii (Abrams) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 233. October 1923. = Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray) Mentzelia micrantha var. siricta (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif p. 239. October 1923. = Mentzelia micrantha (Hook. & Am.) Torr. & A. Gray Mentzelia montana (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 240. October 1923. = Mentzelia montana (Davidson) Davidson & Moxley Nuttallia involucrata (S. Watson) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif p. 240. October 1923. = Mentzelia involucrata S. Watson Nuttallia tricuspis (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 240. October 1923. = Mentzelia tricuspis A. Gray Chylismia scapoidea Nutt, [sic] var. aurantica [sic](S. Watson) Davidson & Moxley. FI of So. Calif p. 254. October 1923. = Chylismia claviformis (Torr. & Frem.) A. Heller subsp. aiirantiaca (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch 94 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Lonicera denudata (Rehder) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 344. October 1923. = Lonicera suhspicata Hook. & Am. var. denudata Rehder Ptiloria riincinata (Nutt.) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 355. October 1923. = Stephanomeria rimcinata Nutt. Ptiloria virgata Greene var. pleurocarpa (Hall) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif p. 355. October 1923. = Stephanomeria virgata Benth. pleurocarpa (Greene) Gottlieb Ptiloria exigua Greene var. pentachaeta (Hall) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 355. October 1923. = Stephanomeria exigua Nutt, subsp. exigua Ptiloria exigua Greene var. deanei (J.F. Mabr.) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 355. October 1923. = Stephanomeria exigua Nutt, subsp. deanei (J.F. Macbr.) Gottlieb Stenotus interior (Coville) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So, Calif, p. 376. October 1923. = Ericameria linearifolia (DC) Urbatch & Wussow Pyrrocoma paniculata var. virgata (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 377. October 1923. = Pyrrocoma racemosa (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray var. paniculata (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi Sideranthus junceus (Greene) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 377. October 1923. = Xanthisma junceum (Greene) D.L. Morgan 8c R.L. Hartm. Deinandra paniculata (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 401. October 1923. = Deinandra paniculata (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley Deinandra floribunda (A. Gray) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif, p. 401. October 1923. = Deinandra floribunda (A. Gray) Davidson 8c Moxley Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 95 Zonanthemis Clementina (Brandegee) Davidson & Moxley. FI of So. Calif, p. 401. October 1923. = Deinandra Clementina (Brandegee) B.G. Baldwin Cirsium candidissimum (Greene) Davidson & Moxley. FI. of So. Calif p. 438. October 1923. = Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson var. candidissimum (Greene) J.F.Macbr. Eriogonum crocatum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23(1): 17, pi. E. February 1924. Holotype. California, Ventura County. R. Kessler s.n., s.d. RSA 350563 (Davidson Herbarium 3576); isotype POM 17857). = Eriogonum crocatum Davidson Lilium parryi var. kessleri Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23(2):53, pi. M. April 1924. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], top of Little Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts. R. Kessler s.n., September 1923. RSA 350770 (Davidson Herbarium 3586). = Lilium parryi S. Watson Zigadenus diegoensis Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 23(3): 105. June 1924. Holotype. [California] San Diego County, Palomar Mts. [A. Davidson] s.n. May i, 1924. RSA 350995 (Davidson Herbarium 3592). = Toxicoscordion venosum (S. Watson) Rydb. var. venosim Calochortus lanternus Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 23(4): 126. August 1924. Type No. 3596. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], San Gabriel Mtns., Fish Creek Canyon. R. Kessler s.n., June 192.4. RSA 350404 (Davidson Herbarium 3596). = Calochortus albus (Benth.) Benth. Allium grandisceptrum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 23(4): 126. August 1924. Holotype. [California], Humboldt County, Garberville; cult. [Mrs. W.W. Hutchinson] s.n., June 1924. RSA 350501 (Davidson Herbarium 3595). = Allium unifolium Kellogg Comandra nudiflora Davidson Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 24:68. 1924. Holotype. [California], Kem County. Mrs. H. Hutchinson s.n., May 1925. RSA 350656 (Davidson Herbarium 3604). = Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt, subsp. californica (Rydb.) Piehl Tissa leucantha var. glabrata Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 25(3):84. September-December 1926. Holotype. [California], Kem County, edge dry 96 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 lake Muroc. [A. Davidson] s.n., M.ay \926. RSA351031 (Davidson Herbarium 3618); “cotype” POM 96049. = Spergidaria macrotheca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Heynh. var. leucantha (Greene) B.L. Rob. Gilia inconspicua var. dentiflora Davidson. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25(3):84. September-December 1926. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], between Palmdale and Lancaster, Mohave Desert. [A. Davidson] s.n.. May 1926. RSA 350826 (Davidson Herbarium 3617). Isohpes labeled ""cotype" by Davidson POM 96047; CAS 00123783 (DS148208). = Aliciella leptomeria (A. Gray) J.M. Porter Lupinus piperitus Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 26:70. 1927. Holotype. [California], Sequoia National Park. [Mrs. Susan Hutchinson] s.n., July 1927. RSA 350734 (Davidson Herbarium 3645). = Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. btirkei (S. Watson) C.L. Hitchc. Delphinium inflexum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 26(3):70. September- December 1927. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], San Gabriel Mts., Fish Canyon. ]R. Kessler] s.n., May 1927. RSA 350613 (Davidson Herbarium 3641 ). = Delphinium panyi A. Gray subsp. panyi Fritillaria hutchinsoni Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 27:79. 1928. Holotype. [California, Kern County], Glennville Grade between summit and Kern County Park. Mrs. W.W. Hutchinson s.n., April 28, 1928. RSA 350482 (Davidson Herbarium 3652). = Fritillaria brandegeei Eastw. Styiophyllum anomalum Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 27:79. 1928. Holotype. [Mexico, Baja California], Coronado Islands. R. Kessler, s.n., July 28, 1928. RSA 35 1047 (Davidson Herbarium 3653). = Dudleya anomala (Davidson) Moran Penstemon x dubium Davidson. Bull. S. Calif Acad. Sci. 28(1 ):6, pi. 3. 1929. Holotype. [California, Los Angeles County], Fire break, Mt. Lowe. R. Kessler s.n., 1928. RSA 350947 (Davidson Herbarium 3659). = hybrid of Penstemon centranthifolius Benth. and P. grinnellii Eastw. D.D Keck annotation 1937. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 97 APPENDIX 3: PLANT AND INSECT TAXA NAMED FOR ANSTRUTHER DAVIDSON Plants Acrolasia davidsoniana Abrams. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 32{10):538. 1905. Aleies davidsonii J.M. Coult. & Rose. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7: 107. 1900. Arabis davidsonii Greene. Leaflets of Botanical Observations and Criticism 2(3):159. 1911. Alriplex davidsonii North American Flora 21(1 ):57. 1916. Calochortus davidsonianus Abrams. Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States 1 :441 . 1923. Capsella procumbens (L.) Fries var. davidsonii Munz. Manual of Southern California Botany pp. 199, 598. 1935. CoUinsia davidsonii Parish. Zoe 4:147. 1893. Eriogomm davidsonii Greene ex J.A. Clark. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1(7):244. 1893. Lotus davidsonii Greene. Erythea 1(10):207. 1893. Malvastrum davidsonii B.L. Rob. Synoptical Flora of North America 1:312. 1897. Phaca davidsonii Rydb. North American Flora 24(6):362-363. 1929. Picradenia davidsonii Greene. Pittonia 4:240. 1901 . Salvia davidsonii Greenm. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 41:246. 1905. Scrophidaria davidsonii Pennell. Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 43:8. 1940. Insects Andrina davidsoni Vireck & Cockerell. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48:52. November 1914. Brachycoma davidsoni Coquillett. Entomological News 5(6):170--172. June 1894. Centris hoffmanseggiae davidsoni Cockerell. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 3(9): 160. December 1904. Dianthidium davidsoni Cockerell. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 3(1 ):5. January 1904. Haiictoides davidsoni Cockerell. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 1(10):140. December 1902. Hemiteles davidsonii Ashmead. Entomological News 7(1 0):320. December 1 896. Megachile davidsoni Cockerell. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1(6):70. June 2002. Nomada davidsoni Cockerell. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 98 Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 Philadelphia. 55:575-576. August 1903. Osmia davidsoniella Cockerell. Canadian Entomologist. 37( 1 1 ):370. November 1905. Xeiioghssodes davidsoni Cockerell. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 4(2):28. February 1905. Crossosoma 40 (2), Fall 2014 99 NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. (POLYGON ACEAE) - Orange County; San Joaquin Hills: Upper Laguna Canyon, Laguna Lake 1 (Upper Laguna Lake), south basin, ca 5.1 km ENE Signal Hill, Laguna Coast Wilderness Park (Laguna Beach 7.5’ USGS quadrangle: 33°36’52”N, 117°45’31”W; T6S, R8W; UTM Zll 04 29 637mE, 37 19 657mN), alt. 113 meters. 9 September 2013, Fred M. Roberts & Laura Cohen 7806 (RSA); 21 April 2014, Fred M. Roberts 7857 (UCR); San Joaquin Hills; Upper Laguna Canyon, Laguna Lake 1 (Upper Laguna Lake), north basin, ca 5.1 km ENE Signal Hill, Laguna Coast Wilderness Park (Laguna Beach 7.5’ USGS quadrangle: 33°36’58”N, 1 17°45’28”W; T6S, R8W; UTM Zll 04 29 704mE, 37 19 845mN), alt. 113 meters. 25 July 2014, Fred M. Roberts 7884 (UCR). Previous Knowledge: Rumex stenophyllus, a native annual or biennal of southeastern Europe and central Asia, has become naturalized across a broad zone of North America. It was first reported in California from Merced County in 1 948 and appears to have remained rather localized or perhaps not recognized for several decades. After 1979 it was recorded in a number of other northern California Counties. It was first collected in southern California near Poway in San Diego County in June 2005 [J. Carlstrom 204, 15 June 2005 [SD]). Since this first collection, it has also been found at Camp Pendleton and at Lake Hodges. Rumex stenophyllus has also been reported from Los Angeles County along the San Gabriel River (A. Parikh andN. Gale 3393, 21 May 2010 [SBBG, UCR]) and recently from Kern County at Tejon Creek {Neal Kramer 2110, 4 Apr 2014\\JC\). Overall, the species remains poorly represented in southern California. Significance: These are the first records for Orange County. Rumex in southern California is a challenging group. It is possible that previously-collected specimens from southern California have been misidentified. Rumex stenophyllus is generally separated from other Rumex species in our area by its bisexual flowers, perennial habit, having basal and cauline leaves, and the shape and size of the inner perianth, which is 3.5-5 mm long, round to triangular-ovate with a truncate base, often cordate, and has teeth 0.2-1 .5 mm long being wider at the base. Rumex stenophyllus is most likely to be confused with native R. fueginus, a perennial with smaller fruits that have longer, narrower teeth. Very possibly, this species has been established at Laguna Lakes for many years. Become a Member of Southern California Botanists Today! □ □ Individual (family) $25.00* | | Organization $35.00* □ New Member Renewal Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Phone (optional) . Email address In addition, I would like to give $ to help support SCB. Make Checks payable to Southern California Botanists and mail to: Treasurer, Southern California Botanists Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Avenue Claremont, CA. 91711 * Membership can be obtained online for $27.00 and $37.00 respectively. 3 5 85 00268 7638 Southern California Botanists, Inc. -Founded 1927- http : //wwm^. socalbot . org Membership, Subscriptions, and Back Issues Individual and Family Memberships in SCB are $25 per calendar year domestic ($26 online), and $35 per year to foreign addresses. Membership includes two issues of CROSSOSOMA, and 5 or 6 issues of Leaflets, the newsletter of SCB. Leaflets provides time-dated information on activities and events that may be of interest to our membership. A subscription to CROSSOSOMA is available to libraries and institutions at the domestic rate of $35 per calendar year, and $45 to foreign institutions. Back issues (Volume 35 - present) are available for $7 each, postpaid. Volumes 18-34 are available at $6 each. Prior to 1 990, CROSSOSOMA included time-dated notices to the membership and was published six times a year. These back issues of Volumes 1 - 17 are $0.50 each, postpaid. Some back issues that are out of stock may be provided as photocopies. Available SCB Special Publications Prices include California State sales tax, handling, and domestic postage No. 1 A Flora of the Santa Rosa Plateau, by Earl W. Lathrop and Robert F. Thome, 30 pp $7.00 No. 3 Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California, Proceedings of the 15* Annual SCB Symposium, edited by Allan A. Schoenherr, 114 pp $12.00 No. 4 Flora and Ecology of the Santa Monica Mountains, 194 pp $40.00 Cryptantha of Southern California, M. G. Simpson and K. E Hasenstab [from Crossosoma 35(1): 1-59, 2009] $10.00 Herbarium Specimens as Documents: Purposes and General Collecting Techniques, by T. S. Ross [from Crossosoma 22{\): 3-39, 1996] ...................... $3.95 each; 10 for $22.50 Botany is Sitchin bumper stickers $2.00 ea. Applications for membership, requests for purchases of Special Publications and back issues, name or address corrections, and requests for replacement of lost or damaged CROSSOSOMA issues should be sent to: Southern California Botanists, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA. 91711, USA Consult our website for current contact information: http://www.socalbot.org Make checks out to Southern California Botanists, or SCB. (/) 1 ^ "D T3 OJ C 0 3 O c ■O CD 0 QQ > Z 1 O ^ LU 2 Q ^ N ■c . 0) "D CD 5 > “ .m ro E o ® UJ w 3 , ogLU O, ^ 3 CO CO o ■»- 0 O CD x: cj) CO H CVJ ( c 0 c« 'H ts ^ e a w o •w -.-I o c oa iS .2 c§ s § © ^ s < "i § a c/5 qj O .a -a 4-> o ® S o Ki < GO D (U — " a a — ' 0 o