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No. 1000

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THE CROSS ROADS OF THE PACIFIC

A SKETCH OF THE WORK OF OUR CHURCH IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

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THE BOARD OF MISSIONS

281 FOURTH AVENUE :: NEW YORK

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Hawaiian Islands

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THE GROSS ROADS OF THE PACIFIC

THE MISSIONARY DISTRICT OF HONOLULU

A BIT OF HISTORY The Flawaiian Islands,

formerly known as the Sandwich Islands, lie in the North Pacific Ocean, a half-way house on the great highwa}' of trade be- tween the East and the \Vest. They are mainly of volcanic origin and contain the largest active vol- cano in the world — Kilauea.

One of the grouj) was discovered by Gaetano in loi’J, but little was known of the islands until their rediscovery in 1778 by CajAain Cook, who named them after his patron, the Earl of Sandwich. Cook was at first treated as a god by the natives, but he

died b}’ their hands in February, 1779. d’he favorable re- ception of t w o London ships in 1786 led to the opening of a con- tinuous trade with England and America. During a scries of out- rages between some traders and natives in 1790 two American sail- ors— Isaac Davis and John Young

MONUMENT TO CAPTAIN COOK —'I ere Seized and

Kealakekua Bay, Uatcaii detained. Being

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kindly treated and placed in high positions, they rendered great service in teaching the Hawaiians the arts of civilized life.

RELIGION : The religion of the Hawaiians per-

THE TABU mltted their chiefs and priests to pronounce anything they pleased to be tahu or forbidden. Sometimes for days people had to remain indoors without fire or light, refraining from work and speech — silence being enforced even on animals by tying their mouths up. Though al- most unendurable, the system could not be broken th rough for fear of death. In 1792 Vancouver, a man of gentle and religious spirit, who had been one of Captain Cook’s companions, revisited the islands. He showed such kindness that Kamehameha I in ITOi conceded the Island of Owhyhee to Eng- land and begged for Christian teachers. Vancouver carried this message back with him, but the Church turned a deaf ear to his request. The influence of his life, however, and that of Davis and Young, the two American seamen, had so changed the attitude of the Hawaiians that on the decease of the old king in 1819 his successor was persuaded by the two dowager queens and the High Priest to dare the vengeance of the gods and to break the tahu. This he did at a public feast, and, when the people saw that no harm happened to him, they shouted with joy, “The tabu is broken,” and Imitated his ex- ample. Then the idols were destroyed.

FIRST MISSIONARIES In the next year some

American Congrega- tional missionaries arrived ; but so strong was the desire for missionaries of the Church of England that it was only on the assurance of John Young

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A TYPICAL HAWAIIAN GIRL

that they would teach the same Gospel that the Congregational- ists were al- lowed to land. For nearly sev- enty • years (1792 1860)

the islands re- in a i n e d neg- lected b}’ the Church, not- withstanding the several ap- ])cals made dur- ing this period by the native Kings and the

English residents. Kamehameha II and his Queen advocated the cause in person, but died in London during their visit in 1824?.

THE CHURCH In 1861 the Church of England OF ENGLAND at last recognized its responsibil- ities and consecrated the Rev. Thomas X. Staley Bishop of the Sandwich Islands. The first English service was held on Sunda}', Octo- ber 12, 1862, in a chapel provided by the king; the first baptism was that of the queen, ten days later, and in the following month the king and queen were confirmed. Bishop Staley resigned in 1870 and was succeeded by the Right Rev. Alfred Willis, who laid the foundations upon which his successor, Bishop Restarick, has built.

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THE RIGHT REVEREND HENRY BOND RESTARICK. D.D. Biehop of the ilissionary District of Honolulu

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A NEW ERA

BISHOP RESTARICK After the annexation of

the Hawaiian Islands by the United States, in 1902, the English Society for the Propagation of the Gospel withdrew and gave its schools, lands and churches, its Cliristian achieve- ments and opportunities, to the American Church. Bishop Willis resigned the see of the Sandwich Islands, and the Rev. Henry Bond Restarick was consecrated Bishoj) of the Missionary District of Honolulu, comprising Oahu, iMaui, Kauai and Ha- waii, besides many smaller islands. With the new regime caiiie a spirit of progress. The fifteen years of Bishop Restarick’s episcopate have been years of steady and vigorous growth in all directions.

HIS DISTRICT His district is a veritable melting pot of the nations. So many races of varied tongues and creeds inhabit its G,l!4'9 square miles that his problem is complex and diffi- cult. According to the latest (1917) returns, there

BISHOP RESTARICK .\ND SOME OF HIS JAPANESE PARISHIONERS

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ST. ANDREW'S CATHEDRAL, DAVIES MEMORIAL PARISH HOUSE (AT RIGHT) AND ItlSIIOP'S RESIDENCE (AT LEl' l )

EMMA SQUARE, HONOLULU

ai’e 21,666 Chinese, 79,520 Japanese, 4,500 Koreans, 22,701 Portuguese, 2,031 Spaniards, 4,896 Porto Ricans, 14,409 of American, British and German birth, 26,108 pure Hawaiians and 11,912 part Hawaiians. To increase the confusion there are about 5,000 Mormons and 44,000 Buddhists.

THE WORK IN GENERAL ‘

What is the Church doing in the midst of this medley? Tlie heart of the work, the source whence all its varied activities have sprung, is found in St. Andrew’s Cathedral on Emma Square, Hono- lulu. Around three sides of this square are clus- tered the Davies iMemorial Hall and Parish House, St. Peter’s Chinese Church, Hoh’ Trinity Japanese Mission School, the Bishop’s Residence, lolani School, St. Andrew’s Priory and the George B. Cluett Home for Working Girls.

ST. ANDREW’S The corner stone of St. An- CATHEDRAL drew’s Cathedral was laid in 1867 by Kamehameha IV, but for many reasons it was not completed until Christ- mas Day, 1884. The people of the various islands go to Honolulu for business or pleasure, and in this way most of the Church people are there at some time or other during the year. To many living in isolated places, the Cathedral is the only point of contact with Church life. Here, as occasion arises, they make their communions, or they bring their children to be baptized, and to them it stands for more than words can measure.

In Honolulu there are also the Chinese church, schools and parish house of St. Elizabeth, a Seaman’s Institute and chapel, St. Andrew’s native congrega-

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Honolulu is a port of call for all the steamers plying between the Orient and the Occident. Seamen of all nationalities find a welcome here

tion, St. Mary’s Chinese chapel and the smaller congregations of St. Clement and St. Mark.

In addition to this strong centre of evangelistic, educational and social work in Honolulu, we have a number of stations on the other islands, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles at Hilo and Holy Innocents Church at Lahaina, besides many Ha- waiian, Chinese, Japanese and Korean Missions. Bishop Restarick, in greater degree than any other of our domestic bishops, carries on the work of for- eign missions under the American flag.

OUR SCHOOLS

We have eleven day schools in the islands, some of which are self-supporting. In Honolulu alone are seven of these, with 600 pupils, and three night schools, which have an attendance of 120 young men. Nearly all the children attending are those of working people of small means. Our most im- portant educational work, however, is done at lolani

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lOLANI SCHOOL FOR BOYS

School for boys and St. Andrew’s Priory for girls. Both these institutions were founded in 1867 by the Church of England, and both have had a helpful influence in the history of Hawaii.

lOLAXI SCHOOL Founded as St. Alban’s Col- lege, it became lolani School under Bishop Willis. Bishop Restarick bought for it the old Armstrong House, the boyhood home of the founder of Hamjiton Institute, whose father was one of the early Congregational missionaries. Boys of all nationalities are admitted, but natives and Chine.se have so far predominated. The first Korean to receive Holy Orders in the American Church at- tended lolani School for seven years. Without lolani School we should have been unable to train any men for work as catechists. A manual training department has been begun, but sufficient funds to make this phfxse of the work thoroutrh have not yet been forth- coming.

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ST. ANDREW’S PRIORY This school was be- ”” gun under the care of

two members of the Anglican communit}', known as the Devonport Sisters. After a lifetime of work in its behalf — carried on under conditions of extreme hardship when the support of the English Church was withdrawn ahd the American Church had not yet taken possession — Sisters Beatrice and Albertina still live near the school, although they no longer take an active part in its work. They educated a very lai’ge number ' of tlae best Hawaiian women. Miss Marsh, who became principal in 1904, has brought the school into most excellent condition, and today it owns a fine new building in which 100 people live. In every wa}' the institution is well conducted and “a Priory girl,” it is said, is known all over the islands by her manners, her dress and her speech.

So many people live where there are no educational facilities that these schools are overcrowded. Their value can be imagined from the fact that they con- tribute one-third to the Bishop’s confirmation classes.

ST. ANDREW'S PRIORY FOR GIRLS

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ST. EUZABETH S CHURCH AND PARISH HOUSE, HONOLULU Exieimte tcork among Ckineset religious, social and educational, is carried on here

AMONG ORIENTALS

CHINESE WORK Work among the Chinese was commenced by Bishop Willis in 1887. St. Peter’s Church, Honolulu, was built on land given by Queen Emma. From the beginning the mission has grown in numbers and influence. In ten yt&rs it has supplied a Chinese deacon for Bishop Nichols, and a Chinese priest for Bishop Willis, now of Tonga. Three of its young men are studying for the ministry, and three have become physicians. Perhaps the most remarkable products are the women. They carry Christ in their hearts and exhibit tlie progressive spirit of western civili- zation in their lives. At present this work is or- ganized as follows: The Rev. Kong Yin Tet is in

charge of St. Peter’s, the Rev. E. W. iMerrill in charge of St. Elizabeth's, Honolulu, the Rev. Shim Yin Chin ministers to the people in the island of Maui and we have a priest in charge at Kohala.

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JAPANESE WORK Bishop Restarick realized

from the first the importance of working among the Japanese, In 1906 P. T. Fukao, a Christian who had heen in the Islands seven years, volunteered and was appointed as a catechist. Subsequently he was ordained and began work at Holy Trinity mission. Owing to his zeal, 118 persons have been baptized and 76 confirmed. Japanese- work is also carried on at Hilo, a fine opening has been secured at Paauilo, and there are scattered communicants at many other places. Mr. Fukao conducts a night school which, in 1911, was attended by 83 young men,

KOREAN WORK The Korean work is at present carried on at St. Elizabeth’s in Honolulu. There is a regular attendance of 50 men at services and a school of 30 children. In August, 1912, 18 Korean men and 2 women were baptized, and 16 of them were confirmed. A build- ing is badly needed for this work. There is Korean work also at Lahaina, Hilo and Wailuku, but no resident worker. Over one hundred have been bap- tized in the past few years.

AN INTER-ISLAND STEAMER

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THE PAST AND THE FUTURE

Some idea of the steady and healthy growth of the work in the Hawaiian Islands may be had from the following table :

Date	Clergy	Stations	Communicants	Contributions in the Field
1901	8	10	412	86,585
1902	9	13	572	9,605
190.3	13	16	788	11,850
1904	14	17	890	18,713
190.5	16	18	952	21,847
19<16	17	19	1004	23,956
1907	20	20	1082	25,500
190, S	20	21	1168	33,465
1909	20	23	1314	38,791
1910	20	2.5	1410	35,600
1911	20	26	1507	39,200
1912	20	27	1624	46,400

If this rate of progress is maintained, another decade may see Honolulu a self-supporting diocese. But in the meantime the help of the Church at home is necessary. The opening of the Panama Canal will increase the strategic importance of Hawaii, and incidentaiU’ will mean an added burden on Bishop Restarick. Fifteen thousand United States troops are stationed on Oahu, and the influx of alien populations will constantly increase. “All these changes will mean new problems,” says the bishop, “but the Church will meet them with founda- tions firmly laid. We know that money spent by the Church in these islands has brought splendid results in Christian lives of wide influence. We need its support in the future, as in the past.”

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HAWAIIAN CHRONOLOGY

1779 — Burial service according to the English Prayer Book read over Captain Cook, Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii.

1790 — The Churchmen, John Young and Isaac Davis, spared from the massacre of the Fair American.

1792-91 — Visit of the Churchman, Vancouver.

1804 — The first Christian service held on land in the Hawaiian Islands by an English sea captain reading the burial service at Honolulu.

1819 — The tahu abolished and idols destroyed, owing

to the action of Kaahuraanu.

1820 — Seven Congregational missionaries, two min-

isters, five laymen and their wives landed at Kailua, Hawaii.

1823 — King Kamehameha II went to England, one object of his visit being to obtain Church teachers.

1862 — Bishop Staley arrived in October.

1867 — Kamehameha V laid the cornerstone of St. Andrew’s Cathedral.

1887 — The choir of the cathedral opened for worship.

1893 — IMonarchy overthrown. Liliuokalani con- firmed by Bishop Willis.

1898 — August 12th Hawaiian Islands formally an- nexed to United States.

1902 — Bishop Willis resigned and Bishop Restarick elected at a suecial session of the House of Bishops.

This vampklei may be obtained from The Literature Department, Board of Missions, S81 Fourtn Avenue, New York. Ask for No. 100).

All offerings for Missions should be sent to Mr. George Gordon King, Treasurer, Church Mission House, 2S1 Fourth Avenue, New York.

5 Kd. 9-iy. 5M. Kl. IM.