'BRITISH' MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

QL
444
.M38
T38

BRITISH ANTARCTIC ("TERRA NOVA") EXPEDITION, 1910.

NATURAL HISTORY REPORT.

ZOOLOGY. VOL. Ill, No. 8. Pp. 191-258.

CRUSTACEA.

PART VI.— TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA.

BY

W. M. TATTERS ALL, D.Sc.

(Keeper of the Manchester Museum).
WITH TWO FIGURES IN THE TEXT AND ELEVEN PLATES.

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191

CRUSTACEA.

PART VI— TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA.*
BY W. M. TATTERSALL, D.Sc.

(Keeper of the Manchester Museum).
WITH TWO FIGURES IN THE TEXT AND ELEVEN PLATES.

PAGE

I. — Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 191

II. — List of Species .......... 194

III. — List of Stations at which Specimens were obtained . . . 195
IV. — Descriptions of Species :—

Tanaidacea .......... 197

Isopoda .......... 199

V. — List of Papers referred to . . . . . . . . 252

Index ........... 255

I.-1NTRODUCTION.

THE collection of Isopoda (including Tanaidacea) obtained by the " Terra Nova "
Expedition comprises forty-seven species, of which twenty-six were captured in the
Antarctic seas, seventeen off the coasts of New Zealand, two at a station near the
Falkland Islands, and two in the Atlantic Ocean.

Taking account only of the species captured in Antarctic waters, the numbers
recorded by other South Polar Expeditions, the reports of which have been published,
are : — " Southern Cross," nine ; " Fraucais," seventeen ; " Pourquoi Pas? " twenty-four ;
" Discovery," twenty-six ; " Gauss," fifty-eight. The great deficiency in the present
collection is in small species of the Asellota, of which the "Gauss" in particular
captured a large number.

* Manuscript received January 10, 1920 (S. F. H.).

VOL. III. 2 F

192 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

For the purposes of this report I have been allowed to include an account of a
.small collection of Isopoda made in S. Georgia in November and December, 19i:'>. by
the late Major G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton and his assistant, Mr. 1*. Staminwit/., and
kindly entrusted to me for examination by the authorities of the British Museum.
This collection comprised thirteen species, of which four were also found in the Antarctic
collections of the ''Terra Nova." and it has been of the greatest service to me in the
elucidation of some of the species.

In view of the activity in South Polar Exploration during the last twenty years,
it was not to be expected that the " Terra Nova " collection would yield many
novelties, especially when its deficiency in small forms is taken into account. Only
four species new to science were found among the Antarctic material, but live other
species have only recently been described in the report of the "Gauss" collections.

Of the twenty-six truly Antarctic Isopods in the "Terra Nova" collection, five
were also taken by the "Southern Cross," thirteen by the ''Discovery." ten by the
" Gauss." and eight bv the French Expeditions. The lour new species are Ai'i/n <//</r/W/'.v.
NC/V//.V r/l<i,-i,tlix. Atif«n-fui-iix UUlvi, and Antairtiini* //on-idx*. In addition to these new
forms, seven species are recorded from the Ross Sea area for the first time. Four of
them were previously known only from the collections made bv the "Gauss." viz. : —
Eisothistos antarcticus, Yanhciffen, Gnutliin mica, Yaulioffeii. ("trolnim iiit,riii<ili,i.
\ anhoften. and Cirolana obtusata, Vanhoffen : one was described from the collections
made by the French Expeditions. Ecf/n* tun/ni-fi, Richardson ; and two, .\i>t»tiiii<ii*
dimorphus (Bedd.) and Antarcturus fan-atiix (Studer), were known from the .sub-
antarctic regions from earlier expeditions.

The collection from S. Georgia contained thirteen species, of which eight were
recorded from the same locality by Pfeffer in 1887, and no fewer than ten are also
known from Kerguelen.

Perhaps the most interesting part of the " Terra Nova " collection is that made
in New Zealand waters. Seventeen species were collected, of which [ have described
six as new. viz.: — <_1in>l<nin i><'llu<-i<l<t. ('. canaliculata, /y«r//'//<v subtruncata,
Exosphaeroma falcatum, I'l/mcilm-,' //,«A/.v<i///, and Pseudarcturella <'/iilf<m!. Tw<
further species are new to the New Zealand Fauna, < 'irolnnn jiijinuii'ii, Hanscn. and
\,<ixft/<-i//<t /'<//,•/,/, /die,/, Ohlin.

The reports dealing with Antarctic Isopoda, which have so far been published,
refer to only about one-half of the Antarctic Ocean, from 100 K. long, to (>(/ W. long.
The report on the "Scotia" collection is not yet published, and, as this expedition
collected mainly in the otherwise unknown half of the Antarctic Ocean, the Weddell
Sea. it is manifestly premature to consider the geographical distribution of the Antarctic
Isopoda as a whole, especially in view of Hodgson's statement (I'.)IO. p. :'. ) that the
" Scotia " collection does not contain a single species collected by the " Discovers-." It
may, however, be remarked that, of the total of forty species known from the Ross Sea.
eleven were collected at the winter quarters of the " Gauss " and fifteen bv the French

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL.

193

Antarctic Expeditions, but only two species, (riinf/iin anfun-f/ca (Studer) and Glyptonotus
antarcticus, Eights, var. arufus, Richardson, are common to the three lists.

The most interesting morphological point revealed by the examination of this
collection is the modification of the exopodites of the first pleopod in the males of
certain species of the family Arcturidae, as accessory sexual organs. It may be recalled
that Ohliu described such a modification in Pseudidothea /iviinu'i'i from the Magellan
region, and was so impressed with the importance of this feature that he created a new
family for the reception of that species entirely on the characters of the first pleopod of
the male. I have found two distinct types of modified first pleopods in the males of
certain Arcturidae.

The first type is characteristic of the genus Antarcturus, and is illustrated
diagrammatieally in text-fig. 1, A, which shows the relations of the various parts of the

A.

B.

FIG. 1. — First pair of pleopods of male. A, Antarcturus. B, Psi'iularctureUa.

b. basipodite ; en. endopodite ; ex. exopodite ; ;/. groove ; /. lobe oil inner margin of exopodite ;

p.f. peuial filament.

first pair of pleopods in the males of that genus as they appear when the animal
is laid on its dorsal surface and the doors of the operculum opened. In the median
line lies the penial filament (formed by fusion of the two filaments present in most
Isopods), which is about as long as the basipodite of the pleopods. The exopodite of
each pair of pleopods lies on top of the eudopodite, and on its under surface there
is a rather deep oblique groove which commences at the inner proximal corner,
immediately at the posterior end of the peuial filament, and traverses the exopod to
the outer distal corner. It becomes more or less completely roofed over distally, and
at the distal end there is a protuberance on the margin of the exopod roofing over the
distal opening of the groove. This type of first male pleopod I have found in all the
Antarctic species of Antarcturti* and the allied genus D<>/i<-//ix<-tix. It has been noticed,
but not sufficiently emphasised, by Barnard in Antdn-funi* Madojihorus, Stebbiug, and

•2 F 2

194

'TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

Neoarcturus oudops, Barnard, from tlie (_'ape. A study of Barnard's figures will make it
clear that he has reallv seen a similar modification to that which I have iust described.

•i <.'

Moreover, the same modification was found liy ()hlin in his species, Pseudidothea
bonnieri.

The second type of first male pleopod I found in a single species, Pseudarcturella
I'liiltoni , from New Zealand, and it is represented diagrammatically in text-fig. 1, B.
Here, instead of a groove on the underside of the exopoditc. the latter hears an
additional lobe on the inside. This lobe is swollen at the base, narrow and pointed at
the tip, and looks like the appendix masculina of the second pair of pleopods. At the
tip are several transverse thickenings of the chitiu. The specialisation of the first pair
of pleopods of the males as accessory eopulatory organs is not known, as far as I am
aware, in Marine Isopoda, otherwise than in the tribe Yalvifera, and its widespread
occurrence in that tribe seems worthy of special emphasis.

My thanks are due to the authorities of the British Museum for entrusting this
collection to me for examination and report, and especially to Dr. Caiman for the
valuable help, always willingly given, which he has rendered me with literature, and
the facilities he has given me for the examination of specimens in the National
( '( Election.

I am especially indebted to my wife for the beautiful drawings which illustrate
this report.

II. -LIST OF SPECIES.*

ORDER TANAIDACEA.
FAMILY TANA1DAE.

Xnhifiinais dhnorphus (Beddard).
Tanais gracilis, Heller (?).
Tcnmis novae-zealandiae, G. M.
Thomson ('.).

ORDER ISOPODA.
SUB-ORDER ASELLOTA.
FAMILY PAKASELLIDAE.

GROUP JANIRINI.

Jan'tra long'n'an<la, Chiltou.
lanthopsis sp. (?).

rsi, Pfeffer.
i, Richardson.

GROUP MUNNINI.

< 'oulmannia frigida, Hodgson.
^fllllllll iniii'/iliitii, Beddard ('?).
t, Pfeffer.

SUB-ORDER FLABELLIFERA.
FAMILY CYMOTHOIDAE.

iii. Yauhuffeu.
i, Yanlioffeu.
,, pellucida, n. sp.
„ riniii/iriifiifit, a. sp.
,, japonica, Hansen.
Eurydice subtTuncata, n. si).
until niii-ii. Richardson.
,, ghicidlis, n. sp.

,-. I >;uia.

* The classification and arrangement of species followed in this report is that of Hansen, in his
account of the Tanaidacea and Isopoda of the " Ingolf " Expedition (Hansen, 1913 and 1910).

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTEKSALL.

195

Cemtotlioa imprexxa (Say).
Cymothoid, geu. et. sp. (?).

FAMILY SPHAEROMIDAE.

Limnoria iintiifi-fi/'ir, Pfefter.
Plakarthrium ti/plcum, Chilton.
Exosphaeroma gigns (Leac.h).
„ falcatum, u. sp.
Isocladu* arniatUM (M.-Ed.).
Cymodoce hodgsoni, n. sp.

„ bituberculata, Filhol (?).
Cymodocella tubicauda, Pfetfer.
Dynamenella eatoni (Miers).
Cassidinopsis emarginata (Guer).
Euvallentinla darwinii (Cunning-
ham).
Cassidina ti/pct (M.-Ed.).

FAMILY SEROLIDAE.

Serolis scJiytltel, Littken.
,, septemcarinata, Miers.
„ pagensteckeri, Pfefter.
,, polita, PfefFer.
,, glacialis, u. sp.

FAMILY ANTHURIDAE.

Leptanthura glacialix, Hodgson.
Eisothistos antarcticus, Vauhofteu.

SUB-ORDER VALVIFERA.

FAMILY IDUTHEIDAE.

Glyptonotus antarcticus, Eights.
Ditto, var. wiitu*, Richardson.

FAMILY ARCTURIDAE.

Antarcturus puldrts (Hodgson).
,, furcatus (Studer).
,, fntiMini (Hodgson).

„ Inemalis, Hodgson.

„ Ull'iei, 11. sp.
,, /uin-idiift, u. sp.

Dolichiscus meridionalis (Hodg-
son).
Neastacilla (geu. nov.) faliaiulii-n

(Ohlin).

Pseudarcturella chiltoni, geu. et
sp. uov.

SUB-ORDER GNATHIIDEA.

Euneognathia giyas (Beddard).
Gnathia antarctica (Studer).

,, Imdijximi, Vauhoffeu.

,, cahw, Vannoffen.

INCERTAE SEDIS.

Rhdbdocheirus incertus, Bonuier.

II I -LIST OF STATIONS AT WHICH SPECIMENS WERE

OBTAINED.

ATLANTIC OCEAN.

Station 51. May 12, 1913. 5 S., 27" 15' W., surface.

„ 66. „ 27, „ 25° 35' N., 34° 10' W., surface.

SUB-ANTARCTIC ZONE.

Station 38. April 13, 1913, 521 23' S., 63° 50' W., 125 fathoms (229 in.).

SOUTH GEORGIA. Cumberland Bay

Leith Harbour | Collections made in November, 191 3-January, 1914,

Stromness Harbour I by P. Stammwitz,

King Edward Cove

1%

'TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

NKW ZEALAND AKKA.

Statin

n 77. July

IB,

»

84. „

23,

»

*•"• ,,

24,

„

86. „

25,

,,

89. „

25.

,,

92. „

27,

,,

93. „

28,

"

96. Aug.

3,

,,

106. ,,

4,

,,

107. „

4,

,,

109. „

•5,

, )

110. „

6,

,.

111. „

7,

,,

118. „

17,

,,

120. „

is,

„

122. „

19,

)J

126.

21,

„

127. „

25,

,,

128.

26,

J,

129. „

26,

,,

130. „

27,

,,

133.

30,

»

134. „

31,

,,

135. Sept.

1,

J,

136. „

2,

,,

139. „

6,

,,

141.

7,

"

1^2. „

8,

ANTARCTIC

ZONK.

Station

194. Feb.

22, 1

»

220. Jan.

3, 1

..

291. „

15, 1

.»

314. „

23, 1

.,

316. Feb.

9,

„

.,._ (June
317' |oct.

[-}

318. V'"'"'

IIG\

»

331. ~Jan.

14, 1

:;:;s. „

23,

„

339. „

24,

w.

I 5 miles, 2 metres.
24 miles, 2 metres.

1911, .".4 5' S., 171 48' E., surface.
„ From C. Maria van Dieman Light, S.W.

Plankton.
,, From C. Maria van Dieman Light, W.X.\\

Plankton.

., Off Three Kings Islands, 3 metres. Plankton.
„ Oft' Three Kings Islands, surface.

,, From Summit, Great King, S. liv AN'., 21 miles, surface.
,, From Simimit, Great King, S.K. by S., 13 miles, surface.
,, Seven miles East of North Cape, New Zealand, 70 fathoms (128

metres). Agassi/, trawl.

,, From West Island, Three Kings Islands, S.W., 5 miles, surface.
,, From West Island, Three Kings Islands, 5 miles, surface.
„ 34~ 15' S., 172: 0' E., 3 metres. Plankton.
„ 34: 4' S., 171° 55' K., surface.
,. Off Three Kings Islands, surface.
„ 34° 32' S., 172n 20' E., surface.
„ 34° 26' S, 172" 14' E., surface.

,, From C. Maria van Dieman, S., 80 W., 21 miles, surface.
„ 34° 13' S., 172° 15' E., surface.
„ Oft' Three Kings Islands, surface.
,, Off Three Kings Islands, surface.
,, Off Three Kings Islands, surface.
,, Off Three Kings Islands, surface.
,, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, 20 metres.
Spirits Bay, near North Cape, 11-20

Dredge.

Spirits Bay, near North Cape, 3 metres.
,, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, surface.
„ 34° 30' S., 171° 53' E., surface.
„ 34° 37' S., 171° 19' E., surface.
„ 34° 45' S., 170° 45' E., 2 metres. Plankton.

Sandy pool between tide marks at Motorua, Bay of Islands, New
Zealand.

1911, Off Gates Land, 69 43' S., 163" 24' E., 180-200 fathoms (329-366

metres). Agassiz trawl.

1912, Oft' Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50 fathoms (82-92

metres). Agassiz trawl.

1913, Ross Sea, 74° 25' S., 179 3' E., 158 fathoms (299 metres). Agassi/

trawl.
1911,5 miles North of Inaccessible Island, 222-241 fathoms (406-4 H

metres). Agassiz trawl.
Off Glacier Tongue, about 8 miles North of Hut Point, MeMurdo

Sound, 190-250 fathoms (348-457 metres). Agassiz trawl.
Hole in ice between Cape Evans and Inaccessible Island, 175 metro.

Plankton.
Hole in ice between Cape Evans and Inaccessible Island, 175 metres.

Traps and tangles on bottom.
1912, Off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to MeMurdo Sound, 250 fathoms

(457 metres). Dredge.

77° 13' S., 164° 18' E., 207 fathoms. Agassiz trawl.
774' S., 164 17' E., 140 fathoms (256 metres). Agassiz trawl.

Plankton,
fathoms (20-37 metres).

Plankton.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 197

Station 348. Fel>. 13, ,, Off Barne Glacier, McMurdo Sound, 200 fathoms (366 metres),

Agassiz trawl.
„ 349. ,, 15, „ Off Butter Point, Western shore of McMurdo Sound, 80 fathoms

(146 metres). Agassiz trawl.

355. Jan. 20, 1913, 77D 46' S., 166" 8' E., 300 fathoms (547 metres). Agassiz trawl.
,, 356. ,, '2'2, „ Off Granite Harbour, entrance to McMurdo Sound, 50 fathoms

(92 metres). Agassiz trawl.
North Bay, N. of Cape Evans, McMurdo Sound.

IV. -DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.

ORDER TAN AID ACE A.
FAMILY TANAIDAE.

(ii-.Nus -NOTOTANAIS, Richardson.

1. Nototancds dimorphus (Beddard).

Puratann'is dimorplm*, Beddard, 1886 (1), p. 119; Beddard, 1886 (2), p. 130, pi. XVII,
figs. 1-8 ; Nototannis dimorphus, Richardson, 1906 (2), p. 3 ; Nierstrasz, 1913, p. 39 :
Vanhoffen, 1914, p. 470; N. auntralis, Richardson, 1908, p. 1, text-iig. 1.

Occurrence. — Station 35(5, off Granite Harbour, entrance to McMurdo Sound,
50 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 4 mm.

Remark*. — I am in complete agreement with Vanhoffen's opinion that Richardson's
species, N. australis, is the same as that described earlier as N. (/iiiioi-phux, by Beddard.
Beddard's type was not available for examination, but the specimen now recorded is in
the closest agreement with his description and figures, and I am quite unable to see any
important points of difference between X. dimorphus and N. austral!*.

GENUS TANAIS, Audouin and Milne-Edwards.

2. Tanais gracilis, Heller (?).

T. yraciUs, Heller, 1865, p. 133, pi. XII, tig. 3 ; Stebbing, 1905, p. 3, pi. I (1>); Nierstrasz,
1913, p. 23 : Vauhoffen, 111 14, p. 468, text-figs. Ga-g.

Occurrence. — Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, December, 1913, collected by
]'. Stammwitz, one ovigerous female, (>'5 mm.

Remarks. — There is no male specimen in the collection, and in consequence my
identification must be accompanied by an expression of doubt.

The question is further complicated by the asymmetry of the pleon. On the left
side the abdomen is distinctly composed of six somites, while on the right side only five
somites are visible, the articulation separating the fifth and sixth somites being-
incomplete and finishing in the mid-dorsal line. On the left side, therefore, this
specimen is a Tanais *<"»>•?« l«tn, and on the right side a Tanais scnxtt xtricto. It agrees
very closely with the description given by Vanhoffen of specimens from Kerguelen which

19* "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

he refers to T. ijriisiUx. The uropods are six-jointed, the termiual joint verv small.
The body is furnished with a few scattered setae on the anterior margins of its somites.
and a tuft of strong plumose setae on the lateral parts of the tirst and second somites
of the abdomen. The egg-pouch is single, and in this respect agrees with Vunhc'itfen's
observations on this species, in contrast with the double egg-pouch found in T. liftD-nti*.
I can find no valid character to separate this specimen from T. </rti<-i/ix, but in the
absence of a male specimen I cannot be sure of the identity. T. o/t/iiiii, Stcbbing. from
the Falkland Islands, seems to be very closely related to T. •//•</>•///*. and the onlv really
important point of difference lies in the uropods, which are. like those of T. (jnn-ili^.
six-jointed ; but the terminal joint is nearly as large as the penultimate, and not minute
as in T. i/nirilis. If the present specimen really belongs to T. </ni<-i/i«. the distribution
of the latter is considerably extended, as it has previously onlv been found at the Cape,
St. Paul, Ceylon, Kergueleu and New Amsterdam, localities all to the South of the
Indian Ocean.

3. Tanai* novag-zealandiae, (J. ,M. Thomson (?). I'l. I, figs. 1-5.

T. novite-zeitlamUae, G. M. Thomson, 1879, p. 417, pi. XIX, figs. 5, 6 ; 1881. p. 207, pi. VII,
fig. 3 ; Thomson and Chilton, 1886, p. 151 ; Hutton, 1904, p. 262 ; Chilton, 1909, p. 669 ;
Thomson, 1913, p. 245 ; Vanhoffen, 1914, p. 465.

Occurrence. — Station 9(>. 7 miles E. of North Cape, New Zealand, 70 fathoms.
bottom fauna, one male, 5 '5 mm.

Remarks. — The only serious difference I can find between this specimen and
Thomson's description is in the uropods. In my specimen the uropods (fig. 5) consist
of a moderately large basal joint and a seven-jointed terminal portion, the first joint of
which shows traces of being a double joint laterally, but I could not trace the line
of separation across the joint, and the terminal joint is very small.

Thomson describes the uropods in his species as five-jointed, but from his figure it
is obvious that this number does not include the basal joint, and it seems possible that
he also overlooked the minute terminal joint. This would make the difference between
Thomson's species and my specimen one or at most two joints extra in the uropods.
Thomson's specimen measured 4'5 mm., mine measures 5'5 mm. Yauhoffen has shown
that in T. ijriifiH* the number of joints in the uropods increases with age, and it is
possible that the differences in the present instance may be explained on similar
grounds. I do not feel justified in instituting a new species on this difference, because
otherwise there is the closest agreement between the two forms. I give, herewith,
figures of some of the appendages of my specimen for comparison with future specimens.
The species has six segments in the urosome, and thus belongs to the genus Tniiui;< in
the wider sense, and not in the restricted sense as used by Sars. The specimen still
retains traces of an extensive development of pigment, giving a mottled or marmorate
appearance to the animal.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 199

ORDER ISOPODA.

SUB-ORDER ASELLOTA.

FAMILY PARASELLIDAE.

GROUP JANIRINI.

ILmsoii, 19H>, in his account of the Isopoda of the Ingolf Expedition, has expressed
tlie opinion that several genera closely allied injanirn have been founded on insufficient
grounds. Among these genera, Inli'ffn, Richardson ( = I«nt1n\ Bovallius, and Tub',
Ortmann),is definitely relegated by Hauseii to the synonymy of Jit/tint, and he at least
implies that lanthopxi* and /nlnnf/n' should share a similar fate.

Vauhoffeu, on the other hand, places A-A/A/. Tanthopsis and lolanthe, with four other
genera, in a separate family, the lolellidae, which he briefly diagnoses as " ,/im/m-like
forms with a more or less distinctly prominent rostrum, with notched lappets drawn
out at the sides of the somites, and with two or more side thorns on the abdomen." He
suggests briefly a revision of the genera, of this family. The name InleUn is applied to
those species in which the abdomen is produced into two long and pointed lateral
extremities with no clearlv marked central portion, and l<tntlt<>i>xis is retained for those
species in which the lateral processes of the abdomen are pointed and separated from
the distinct but broadly rounded median process by deep notches. These distinctions
are very slight, and the case for the inclusion of both genera in the older genus Junini
is strengthened by the fact that one species, /«//'/</>/<*/* lil>1>,'i/i (Ortmann), which
Vanhoffen includes in the genus IantJn>i>*ix, has been shown by Hansen to be a synonym
of Jniiini tricornis, Kriiyer. But Hausen has himself suggested a division of the genus
Jiinini which is based on much more definite characters. He notes that the species of
Janira taken by the " Ingolf " Expedition fall into three groups, as follows : —

" A. Epimeral plates developed at all thoracic segments. The plates are small,
never produced into long acute processes, but bifid at two or three of the
segments.

" B. Epimeral plates completely wanting.

" C. Epimeral plates developed at the three posterior segments but wanting at least
at second and third segments."

These three divisions or groups of the genus Janira correspond to the genera
Jiinii-n (A), Innt/iojivis (B) and loleldi (C) of Vauhoffen. There can be no question
that all the genera belong to the same family or group, and Hauseu's classification is
the most natural one yet proposed and the one I follow here. But I think there are
sufficient grounds for the retention of the three divisions of the genus Jitniri.i, indicated
by Hauseu, as generic groups under the names Junini. /<//////«/<>•/.»• mid /«//•//</.

VOL, III. 2 G

200 "TERTJA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

GUM'S . FAX lit A, Lrach.

4. Juitini li>n<jii-iiu<]<t. Chilton. PI. I, fig. fi.

J. /<.«,7/V<-(»(/<(, Chilton, 1SS4. p. '.TiO. j,l. XVIIT, figs. 'Ja-G ; Thomson and Chiltcm, 188G,

p. i:>7 : litlm'wi longicauda, Rovallius, 188G. p. :il-:W : Hutton, 1904, p. iM

i'. — Station !>(i. 7 miles E. of North Cape, New Zealand. 70 fathoms.
liottom fauna, one ovigerous female. 4' 5 mm.

Remarks. — The uropods and second antennae are broken off in this specimen, but I
have little doubt that it should lie referred to C'hilton's species. It is readily recognised
by the well-marked rostrum, by the non-serrated margins of the terminal somite of
the pleon. and by the clothing of scattered hairs on the dorsal surface of the body.
especially laterally. Chilton does not mention this character in his description. In
188f>, Bovallius instituted the genus /itf/iri/i/xi for this species, separating it from
Janira on the grounds that the uropods are laminar whereas in Jailira they are
styliform. 1 cannot judge of the validity of this distinction, because in my specimen
the uropods are missing. But the specimen otherwise seems to lie a typical Janira in

the restricted sense, and I here refer it to that genus.

•

GKXUS IANTHOPSIS, Bwl.lanl.
5. liintliopxix sp. PI. I, figs. 7-10.

Occurrence. — Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to ^Ic.Mnrdo Sound,
250 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 5'5 mm.

Remark*. — In the absence of the uropods and second antennae it is not possible
to identify this species with certainty. It is, however, a true Tanthopsis as defined
by Beddard, and is very closely allied to, if not identical with, /. tinrn///!. Studer, the
type species of the genus. Studer, however, only figures a median series of tubercles
on the body, but Beddard says there is a double row in specimens which he referred
to this species. In my specimen there are three rows of tubercles, rather obscure
and difficult to make out, and there is, in addition, an obscure tubercle on the lateral
parts of the second to the seventh thoracic somites. Studer, moreover, figures a
sharply pointed process on the front margin of the head, between the rostrum and
the lateral process. This is not present in my specimen, though the anterior margin
of the head is slightly produced at the place where this process is present in Studer's
specimen. The latter, too, is almost twice as large as the present one. 1 give figures
of the second thoracic limb and the male operculum of my specimen. The median
lamella of the abdominal operculum of the male agrees closely with Beddard's figure
of the same appendage in f. horiiUii. The thoracic limbs are all bi-unguiculate and
.slender, and the rlagellum of the first antennae is quite short and consists of only
five joints.

( >f the five species of this genus recorded by Van ho tie n from the Antarctic, the

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 201

present specimen approaches most nearly to the small unnamed specimen figured by
him (Inc. '•//., p. 544, text-tig. 70). It differs from this form, and indeed from all
Vauhoffen's species, in having distinct eyes, though they are almost colourless. Like
Vauhoffeu's specimen, the present one has the lateral parts of the head, thoracic
somites and abdomen microscopically serrulated. The serrulatious are not so coarse
as Vanhoffen shows, hut I think this is due to the difficulty of indicating such
minute serrulations accurately rather than to anv actual difference in the specimens.
The lateral margins of the abdomen in both species are armed with five small spines.
Vauhoffeu's specimen measured only 2" 5 mm. in length and was immature. I think
it is quite possible that in so small a specimen the eyes have been overlooked, having
regard to their almost colourless appearance. If this is so, I should have no hesitation
in identifying my specimen with Vauhoffeu's species.

GENUS NOTASELLUS, Pfeffer.

G. Xotuxi'llux xiD'xi, Pfeffer.

N. sami, Pfeffer, 1887, p. 125, pi. VII, figs. 5-28; N. austral!*, Hodgson, 1902, p. 2.11,
pi. XXXVI; Richardson, 1906 (2), p. 13; Richardson, 1908, p. 5; Hodgson, 1910,
p. 4(J ; Richardson, 1913, p. 17 ; N. *«;•.</, Vanhdft'en, 1914, p. -1.'i2.

Occurrence. — Station 220, off Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50
fathoms, bottom fauna, three females, 4' 5 mm. Cumberland Bay, South Georgia.
December, 1913, collected by P. Stammwit/, fifteen specimens.

Remarks. — In separating X. nnxtrnltx from X. xnrxi Hodgson relied mainlv on

± O O J

the length of the uropods in his specimens compared with that shown in Pfeffer's
figure. Hodgson's specific diagnosis reads : " I'ropoda biramous, longer than the
urosome, which is approximately as long as broad and terminates in a small rounded
lobe between them." Pfeffer's figure shows the uropods to be considerably shorter
than the urosome, but the examination of the above specimens from the type locality
reveals the fact that the uropods are much longer than shown by Pfeffer, are actually
longer than the urosome, and are in fact very much as figured by Hodgson for
X. australis. Pfeffer's figure undoubtedly conveys a wrong impression of the size of
the uropods in this species ; and Vanhoffen, who examined specimens from Kerguelen,
suggests that the specimen from which the figure was taken had regenerated uropods,
which would be shorter than the original ones. This suggestion is probably correct,
and my observations on specimens from the type locality lend support to Vanhoffen's
suspicious that the two suggested species are really one, since the size of the uropods
was one of the main characters used tor their separation. The second main point of
difference, noted by Miss Richardson, relates to the length of the rostrum. In
N. sarsi, according to Pfeffer, the rostral process is as long as the head, whereas in
N. aiixtralix Richardson says it is only about half as long as the head. This difference
disappears in the light of Vanhoffen's observations on specimens from Kergueleu, in
which he found that small specimens agree with X. auslralis and large ones with

2 G 2

203 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

N. sai'sl. There seems, therefore, to be no valid character separating the two forms,
and I have here regarded them as one species with a wide ciivumpolur Antarctic and
sub-Antarctic distribution.

As to the genus Notasellus, Hodgson has already remarked that it is extremely
near to Janira. Vanhoffen, however, points out that it (lifters from all the other
genera of the Janirini except Anf/nx in the form of the eyes, which are borne on lateral
processes of the head instead of being situated on the dorsal surface of the head. For
this reason lie would retain the genus as distinct from Janli'/i, and for the present 1
would follow that conclusion. Hansen is of opinion that several supposedly distinct
genera allied to Jiiuirn should be suppressed as synonymous, but [lending a complete
revision of the genus and its allies it is more convenient to retain .\i>f<ixr/lnx, particularly
as there is a species Tolella (lanthopsis) xnrxi which in llanseu's view should lie called
Janira sarsi, and confusion could only result ii Notasellus sarsi were referred to the
same genus.

GENUS ECTIAS, Richardson.

7. Ecliii* turqneti, Richardson.

E. turqitcti, Richardson, 190G (I'), p. 14, pi. I, fig. 5, text-figs. 14-19; Richardson, 1913,
p. 18.

Occurrence. — Station 220, off Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 40-50
fathoms, bottom fauna, seven females, up to 7 mm. long.

GROUP MUNNINI.

GENUS COULMANNIA, Hodgson.

8. Coulmannia frigida, Hodgson.

C. frlytda, Hodgson, Hi 10, p. 54 ; Vauhotfeu, lyl4, p. 580, text-fig. 111.

t ii'riirn !/'•<'.- Station of) 6, off Granite Harbour, entrance to McMurdo Sound.
50 fathoms, bottom fauna, two specimens.

GENTS MUNNA, Boe^k.

1). Mtuum ni'ii-iilntu, Beddard ('.). PI. I, figs. 11-14.

Hiaculatn, Beddard, 188G (1), ji. 98 ; Beddard, 188G (2), p. LT>, pi. XI, fig. 14; Van-
hOften, 1914, p. 56:!, text-figs. 'JL>,,, Hi'/-.

i'. — King Edward Cove and Cumberland Bay, S. Georgia, December, 1913,
collected by P. Stammwitz, three males and six females, 3 mm.

Iti'iiinrkx. — 1 am doubtful of the identity of these small Munnids. They have
not the prominent pigment-spots as figured by Beddard from which the species
derives its name, but they have a distribution of subdued pigment-spots more or
less as figured by Yanhoffen. They were captured with J/tiliiiiTt* untarctica, Pfeffer,
and at first I thought they represented immature specimens of the latter, but closer

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. ^03

examination revealed a few small but constant differences. The body is more rompac
than in //. utitnirttca, and rather broader proportionally than in the latter. It is
covered by a not very close pile of short hairs, whereas the body of //. a»t<in-f/<-ti is
practically smooth. The pigment, as I have already remarked, is not so intensely
developed or so well marked as in //. antan-tli-ii, but is much more subdued and diffuse,
as Vanhoffen shows. The coxal plates of the first four free thoracic somites are
rounded, those of the last three somites bluntly pointed. In this character they are
sharply distinct from 11. antarctica, in which all the coxae are acute. The antennae
are long, and have a nagellum composed of fifty-six to sixty joints. The second
thoracic limb of the female (pi. I, fig. 11) closely resembles that of //. nntan'tii-ii, but
that of the male (pi. I, fig. 14) is quite distinct, and there is not nearlv so striking a
sexual dimorphism as I have described for //. antarctica, unless, indeed, I have only
seen immature males. Compared with the same limb in immature males of
11. aiitarrtira the second thoracic limb of M. maculata has the carpus shorter and
broader, and the palmar edge evenly curved without any trace of the palmar tooth of
the former species. The uropods (pi. I, fig. 12) are quite distinct, those of
//. (intiirftifj. being short straight one-jointed appendages, whereas in M. mai-ulnta
these appendages are strongly curved and hook-like with two or three subsidiary
spinules. The median lamellae of the operculum of the males of both species are closely
similar, as my drawings show (pi. I, fig. 13, pi. II. tig. ::). Finally, on the lateral
margin of the abdomen of H. a itta retina, about half-way down, there is a short
transverse row of stout sensory hairs, forming quite a conspicuous lateral tuft. These
hairs are absent in M. maculata.

From M. maculata as described by Vanhoffen, my specimens differ in the absence
of dorso-lateral spiuules on the abdomen, and in some minor details in the form of the
second thoracic limb of the female. Vauhoffeu says nothing about the uropods of his
specimens.

GENUS HALIACRIS, Pfettcr.
10. Huliacrl* antarctica, Pfeffer. PI. I, figs. 15, 16 ; PI. II, figs. 1-3.

H. antarctica, Pfefier, 1887, p. 1-37.
(?) H. australis, Hodgson, 190:.', p. ii53, pi. XXXIV, fig. 1, and pi. XXXVTI ; Richardson, 1906,

p. 16 : 1908, p. 5.
(.') //. antarctica, Hodgson, 1910, p. 58; Richardson, 1913, p. 19.

Miutna iintarctii-ii, Vanhiitt'en, 1914, p. ;">i>2, text-fig. 90<( and I.

Occurrence. — Cumberland Bay and King Edward Cove, S. Georgia, December,
1913, collected by P. Stammwitz, one adult male, three sub-adult males, two adult
females, and three juvenile specimens, 2-4 mm.

Station 220, off Cape Adare. mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50 fathoms, bottom
fauna, two immature males, 2-5 mm.

]i\')ii«rk*. — I have no doubt whatever that the specimens from S. Georgia, which is
the type locality, are referable to Pfeffer's species. Their examination has yielded very

•204 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

interesting results, for it is quite evident that fully adult male speriiucns have not
before been met with. There is a very marked sexual dimorphism in the f'onn of the
second thoracic liml) in this species. PL II, fig. 1, illustrates the second thoracic
limb of an adult male, 4 mm. in length, from S. Georgia. The appendages are about
twice as long as the body of the animal, and lie folded between the remaining
thoracic appendages, against the ventral surface of the bodv, the "elbow" between
the ischium and the merus reaching the posterior end of the bodv. They are
altogether out of proportion to the rest of the animal, and give it a weird and
grotesque appearance. In sub-adult males these appendages are not so long. PI. 1,
fig. 16, represents those of a male 3'5 mm. long, but while these are of the same
general form as in the fully grown male, the ischium and merus are very much shorter
and the elbow does not extend much more than half-way along the body. 1 have
no specimens of the first stage in the development of these appendages, from
S. Georgia, but two specimens from "Terra Nova" Station -J-20, which I refer to this
species, are immature males in this stage. PL I, tig. 15, illustrates the distal part of
their second thoracic limbs. They agree, in general form, with those of the sub-
adult male, even to the tooth on the palmar edge of the carpus, but are smaller,
the ischium and carpus are not elongated but of normal size, and the whole limb is
not any larger than that of the female. Chilton (1909) has described a very similarly
marked sexual dimorphism in Munna neo-zelanica, Chilton, which he, therefore, refers
to the genus Jfaliiirrix, in the light of Miss Richardson's observations (I 'JOG) on
//. nitfi/fff/ni, in which she was the first to discover evidences of the marked sexual
dimorphism of this species. Miss Richardson's figure of the second thoracic limb of
the male of this species, judging from my own observations, is taken from a sub-
adult male. It differs from my figure of the same stage in having the merus longer
than the ischium, whereas in my specimens of all stages the ischium is longer than
the merus. It is possible, therefore, that Miss Richardson had under observation a
closely allied Antarctic species, and this has led me to doubt whether all the recent
records of II. antarctica from Antarctic waters really refer to this species, or whether.
after all, //. australis, Hodgson, is a distinct species, more markedly polar in its
range, to which the records of recent writers under the names II. <ntt<ircti<-<i and
//. aitxfntlt'N really refer. The matter cannot be cleared up until fully adult males
from Antarctic waters are available.

The discovery of so marked a form of sexual dimorphism in this species naturally
raises the question how far such a dimorphism is in reality developed in the genus
Munna and its allies, and how many new species of the latter genus have been
established on immature specimens. The genera Miinini and /A///^rv/* are undoiibtedlv
very closely related. Pfeffer, who had no adult males at his disposal, gave no
satisfactory characters for the separation of the genus from JfuniHt ; Hodgson, in
describing Haliacris //ii*fr<i//*, suggested that the genus was synonymous with Muinm ;
and Chiltou, in spite of the marked sexual dimorphism of his species Munna neo-

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 205

zelaiiH'ii, which he reluctantly refers to Haliacris, is inclined to share Hodgson's opinion.
Miss Richardson (1913), however, suggests that the genera Mnnna and Halinfrix
should l>e kept separate, on the ground of the sexual differences in the second thoracic
limbs. The genus ^fuitna is well known from Northern waters, but no such form of
sexual dimorphism is known in Northern species. Much, however, still remains to be
done among the Southern species. Most of them have been described from one or
two specimens, and the occurrence of marked sexual dimorphism may in reality be
much more widely spread than appears at present. The facts emphasise the importance
of having a full range of specimens before describing new forms. For the present
I accept Miss Richardson's suggestion to keep Manna and Haliacris distinct, the
latter, so far as present knowledge goes, including only two species, //. antarctica,
Pfeffer, and 11. neo-zelanica, Chilton, with possibly a third in //. amtralis, Hodgson.

SUB-ORDER FLABELLIFERA.

FAMILY CYMUTHOIDAE.
SUB-FAMILY CIROLANINAE.

GENUS GIRO LAN A, Leach.

11. Cirolana intermedia, Vauhoffen.

C. intermedia, Vanhoffen, 1914, p. 500, text-fig. 37.

Occurrence. — Station 316, off Glacier Tongue, about 8 miles N. of Hut Point,
McMurdo Sound, 190-250 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 25 mm.

Remarks. — In his report on the Isopoda of the German South Polar Expedition,
Yanhoffeu (1914) described four species of giant Cirolana which had been found in
great abundance at the winter quarters of the " Gauss." Two of these species are
represented in the " Terra Nova " collection by one and two specimens respectively.
Fortunately all three specimens are males, and by the aid of Vauhiiffeu's figures can be
referred easily and without doubt to their correct species. C. internn'ilia may be
distinguished from the following species, C. obtusata, by its smaller eye with pale
pigment, its relatively longer antenna (which in the single specimen measured 11 mm.),
by the long penial filaments on the sternum of the last thoracic somite in the male, and
by the strongly curved appendix masculina on the second pleopod of the male. Both
species belong to Ilansen's " Sectio prima " of the genus Ciml/intt, and have the
epistome (labrum and frontal lamina, and clypeus) of the same form as C. borealis and
C. hii'tijit's.

12. Cirolana obtusata, Vanhoffen.

C. vbtuwta, Vanhoften, l'.»14, p. 4!MJ, text-tig. 34.

()<;-nriYii<;'.— Station 194, off Gates Laud, 69° 43' S., 1(13° '24' E., 180-200 fathoms,
bottom fauna, two males, 25 and 28 mm.

206 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

i'/cfi. — Compared with ('. intermedia tliis species has larger eyes with black
pigment, relatively shorter antennae, measuring in these specimens 8 nun. as compared
with 11 mm. in (•'. intermedia of the s&me size, very short and blunt penial filaments.
and an appendix mascnlina on the second pleopods of the male, which is not very
much curved and lias an obtuse or dull-shaped apex.

1:3. Cirolana pellucida, n. sp. PI. II. figs. 4-10.

(h-i-iiiTcni-c — Stations 8G, 129 and 130 (types), off Three Kings Islands, plankton,
from the surface and •'! metres, about two hundred specimens.

Station I:!:!. Spirits Bay, near North Cape. New Zealand, plankton, at 20 metres.
one specimen.

Description. — Body robust in general form and considerably vaulted ; integument
soft and only very slightly calcareous, semi-transparent and without pigment or
chroma tophores.

Eyes a beautiful golden brown colour in specimens preserved in formaline; in
spirit the colour disappears and the eyes appear colourless ; seen from the side, slightly
longer than deep, with the upper margin practically straight.

Frontal plate about four times as long as broad, its front end not visible from
above ; dypeus without anterior process ; the whole form and structure of the frontal
plate, dypeus and labrum is very similar to that of C. borealis ami the other species
belonging to Hausen's " Sectio prima " of the genus.

Antenuules (pi. II, fig. 5) shorter than the peduncle of the antennae, robust ;
flagellum composed often to twelve short joints furnished with numerous sensory hairs.

Antennae (pi. II, fig. 6) reaching just beyond the posterior margin of the second
free thoracic somite ; second joint of the peduncle very short, third joint longer than
fourth, fifth one and three-quarters the length of the fourth ; flagellum composed of
22-24 joints.

Coxal plates of the thoracic somites shaped and furrowed almost exactly as in
('. in'ijlfftii. Ilanseu ; seventh coxal plate shorter than the sixth, with its oblique furrow
cMending to the posterior margin.

Last thoracic legs (pi. II, fig. 8) with the second joint flattened and expanded,
about twice as long as broad, with a conspicuous ridge on its lower side; the outer
lateral margin and the distal portion of the inner margin dosely set with long plumose
setae; the proximal portion of the inner margin with a few short simple setae; the
longitudinal ridge on the lower side furnished with setae, which are shorter than on the
outer margin and not so closely set nor so numerous as in ( '. neglecta, to which this
species is most closely allied ; fourth joint shorter than the fifth and much shorter than
the sixth.

Last abdominal somite (pi. II, fig. 9) triangular, wider than long, its apex very
obtuse and evenly rounded, not angular ; armed with six pairs of spinules on the distal
third of its margins.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 207

Uropods (pi. II, tig. 9) reaching to about the level of the apex of the last abdominal
somite ; inner minus not twice as long as broad, withaliout nine spinules on its margins :
outer minus nearly three times as long as broad, with three spinules on its inner
margin and five or six on its outer margin.

Appendix niasciilina on the second plcopods of the male (pi. II, fig. 10) equal in
length to the mini, slightly curved and pointed in shape.

Length of an adult female, 10 mm. ; of an adult male, slightly smaller. There are
no conspicuous sexual differences.

Hi'iiiarkx. — Of the described species of the genus ( 'irnlniid. this species is most
closely allied to ( '. ni'ijlci-fa, Ilausen. It agrees with this species in most of its
characters, and especially in the colour of the eves, the form of the epimera and the
shape of the frontal plate and clypeus. The two species may lie separated l>y the
difference in the shape of the eves and of the last abdominal segment, and bv

J. J »

the difference in the second joint of the last four thoracic legs. In ( '. neglecta the eyes
are shorter than deep, viewed laterally, and have the upper margin strongly convex.
In <_'. j>< Iliii-ula the eyes, viewed laterally, are somewhat longer than deep, with the
upper margin straight. In 6'. pelliii-'ulii the setae on the longitudinal ridge of tin-
lower side of the second joint of the last four thoracic legs are shorter and not so
numerous nor so closely set as in ('. neglecta. I have not seen the latter species, but
nothing is mentioned in existing descriptions about the soft, semi-transparent character
of the integument, which is such a feature of G. j><////'-i</a. It gives the animal the
appearance of a deep-sea species. Both ( '. neglecta and ('. pellucida are pelagic
species, and are undoubtedly very closely related.

14. Cimlanit canaliculata, n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 1-8.

Occurrence, — Station 134, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, ll-i'o
fathoms, bottom fauna, twenty specimens (types).

Station 135, same place, plankton, from 3 metres, three specimens.

Description. — This species belongs to Hansen's " Sectio seeunda " of the genus, and
is most closely allied to C. fnilrnf,/. Ilansen.

Body about three times as long as broad, microscopically scaled, without tubercles
or spines. Head without rostrum, but with a distinct rim marked off by a sub-marginal
furrow round the anterior end. Eyes rather small, pigment black, seen from the side
longer than deep, with the upper margin convex, the whole eye partly covered by the
coxae of the first free thoracic somite.

First free thoracic somite larger than any of the others ; the second the shortest ;
third, fourth and fifth successively louder: sixth longer than seventh. The first live
free thoracic somites with a single distinctly impressed line or furrow running right
across the segment, rather nearer to the posterior margin than to the anterior; the
sixth and seventh free thoracic somites with two such impressed lines. The coxae of

VOL. III. 12 H

L'os -TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

tin- thoracic somites increase gradually in size backwards; each lias a deep oblique
furrow besides the sub-marginal one.

Telson (pi. Ill, flu'. 8) broadly triangular, wider than long, with bluntly rounded
apex armed with six spines and numerous short plumose setae. The dorsal surface has
a median, shallow, longitudinal groove or sulcus. narrowing anteriorly.

Frontal plate (pi. Ill, fig. 7) small, pentagonal, about one and a half times as
long as broad, its front end acute and not visible from above. Clypeus without anterior
process, its surface slightly convex, with a furrow along each lateral margin.

Auteimules (pi. Ill, fig. 2) about as-long as the head ; fiagellum with about six joints-

Antennae (pi. Ill, fig. 3) reaching almost to the posterior margin of the third free
thoracic somite ; flagellum with about fourteen joints.

Second thoracic, legs (pi. Ill, fig. 4) with the third and_ fourth joints produced;
third joint with one, and fourth joint with five blunt spines on the- inner margin.
Third and fourth thoracic limbs with the third and fourth joints produced at their
outer distal corners.

The remaining thoracic limbs slender, without natatory setae; last pair (pi. Ill, fig. 5)
with the second joint not expanded, nearly three times as long as broad ; fourth joint a
little shorter than the fifth, which is somewhat shorter than the sixth.

Male stylet on the second pleopod (pi III, fig. G) longer than the rami, slightly
curved, but not nearly so acutely pointed as in some other species belonging to this
section of the genus.

Uropods (pi. Ill, fig. 8) with the eudopods nearly twice as long as broad,
extending some way beyond the apex of the telson. inner margin with three spines,
outer margin with four spines, apex sub-bifid with a tuft of long setae, longer than
the other setae fringing the margins; exopods shorter than the eudopods. three times
as long as broad, inner margin with two spines, outer with four, apex bifid with a
tuft of long setae.

Length of the largest female, 9 mm. ; of the largest male, 5 ' 5 mm.

Of all the species of Cirolana belonging to the second section of the genus, this
species approaches most closely to C. xiil<-atii, Hanseii. It differs, however, in tin-
absence of tubercles on the somites of the abdomen, and in the shorter and broader
form of the telsou. The impressed lines on the somites of the thorax are also
distinguishing characters, and I cannot find a similar arrangement figured in any other
species. Hansen shows a single line across the dorsal surface of the last four thoracic
somites of <_'. *id<-<if«, and that is the nearest approach 1 can find to the condition
I have represented in the present species.

15. Cirolana japonica, Hansen. PI. II, figs. 11- 1C.
C.J<HKIII!C«. Hansfii, 1*90, p. 340, pi. IV, figs. 2-21.

Occurrence. Stations 77, s'j, 92, 107. 10'.). 110, 111, 122, 128, 129, 130. I:1,'.).
J4L and 142, in the neighbourhood of Three Kings Island, between 34° 4-34" 58' S..

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 209

170° 45' E.-1720 18' E., plankton at the surface and down to 3 metres, about four
hundred specimens.

Remarks. — I am unable to tind any differences of specific importance between these
specimens' and the description of ('irnliinn j<tp<>ni<-« by Hansen. The legs appear to be
somewhat stouter in general build, but the antennae, untennules, clypeus, coxae and
last abdominal somite agree very closely with Hansen's figures. The body and
appendages appear to be microscopically sealed, and under a moderately high power of
the microscope a regular arrangement of hexagonal markings can be detected. The
species does not appear to have been met with since Hansen described his single
specimen. Hausen regarded it as a pelagic species, and the present specimens
have the same habit, It is not unlike the species described and figured by
Kilhol under the name of ('. <-»i>ki, but Filhol speaks of special hairs on the internal
face of the basal joint of the last four pairs of thoracic legs. There are no such
hairs on C. jujioitlfit, but they are, characteristic of the group of species of the
genus to which ('. In/real iv belongs, and to which, I presume, Filhol's species must
be referred.

16. .Eiir>/<} !<.;.' xittitrtincufii, n. sp. PL III, figs. 9-17.

Occurrence.— Stations 84, 85, 8G, 89 (types), 92, 93, 10G, 107, 109, 110, 111,
118, 120, 122, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 139 and 141, in the neighbourhood of Three
Kings Islands, between 35° 4'-34° 38' S., 171° 19-172° 20' E., plankton at the surface
and down to 3 metres, about nine hundred specimens.

Stations 133, 135 and 136, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, plankton
at the surface, about fifty specimens.

Description. — General form in the female robust and dorsal ly much vaulted, body
about two and a half times as long as broad ; in the male, general form much more
slender and less vaulted, and the body about three and a half times as long as broad.
Whole surface of the body and appendages microscopically scaled.

Eyes large, with pigment intense black ; there seems to be considerable variation
in the size of the eyes, which variation is not sexual; I have found specimens which
otherwise do not differ from one another, in some of which the eyes are much larger
than in the others, and consequently appear closer together.

Clypeus (pi. Ill, fig. 10) and labrum of the type found in E. tnuicufa (Norman),
the process of the clypeus, seen •from below, covering only a small portion of the space
between the mandibular palps.

Anteunulae (pi. Ill, h'gs. 9, 10) exhibiting no marked differences between the
sexes, reaching the antero-lateral angle of the first free thoracic somite ; peduncle
with the third joint sub-equal to the second ; flagellum slender, with the first joint
considerably longer than the remaining four and furnished with long sensory hairs,
second joint longer than the third or fourth, terminal joint minute and furnished

2 H 2

U10 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

with a few set;v. one of which is moderately robust and as long as the whole
flagellum.

Antennae in the male about three-fourths of tlie total length of the body,
reaching the second abdominal somite; in the female slightly shorter, only three-
fifths of the total length, and extending barely beyond the penultimate thoracic
somite; third joint of the peduncle (pi. Ill, fig. II) approximately half as long as
the fourth; flagellum of 2 '2-2 4 joints terminated by a long robust seta.

Coxal plates of the second, third and fourth free thoracic somites not produced
at all; those of the fifth, sixth and seventh produced into distinct processes; those of
the sixth segment much longer than those of the fifth or seventh somites. The
coxal plates are almost exactly similar to those of E. t nun-din, Norman.

Eighth thoracic legs (pi. Ill, tig. l:l) moderately robust; fourth joint only very
sliulitlv longer than broad, shorter than the fifth joint : fourth, fifth and sixth
joints with two or three groups of spines on both the upper and lower margins,
mingled with long setae.

Last abdominal somite (pi. Ill, fig. 17) with the posterior margin about one-
third as long as the breadth of the somite, almost straight and finely serrate,
without movable spines, at each end furnished with a prominent tooth, outside
which is a, smaller tooth; some of the serrations between the external prominent
teeth larger than the rest, the margin furnished with small setae between the

O '

serrations.

Kami of the nropods (pi. Ill, fig. If)) each furnished at their outer distal angles
with two or three conspicuous spines among the long plumose setae fringing their
jjms.

Appendix masculina on the second pleopod of the male (pi. Ill, fig. 14) longer
than the rami ; its apex abruptly narrowed and almost spiniform.

The colour of preserved specimens indicates that in life the species is mottled or
marbled brown, with a profuse system of black ehromatophores.

Length of an adult male, 5 mm. ; of an adult female, 7 mm.

J\'fiiiiirl,-K. — This new species is very closely allied to Eurydice tnim-ata.
Norman, a pelagic species of similar habits known from the Atlantic Ocean and
the Mediterranean. The main differences are to be found in the length of the anteunules
and antennae, in the absence of marked sexual differences in the antennules, in
the robuster and rather more spiny nature of the posterior thoracic legs, and in
the shape of the appendix masculina of the second pleopods of the male. In such
fundamental structures as the dypeus, the form and shape of the coxae of the
thoracic segments, and the shape and armature of the last abdominal segment, the
species are hardly distinguishable. It should be remarked that Stebbing (1910) has
recorded /-". truncata from the Indian Ocean, near the Seychelles, thus indicating a much
extended geographical distribution. The present form is so close to E. truin-ntn that
it may perhaps be more properly regarded as a local race.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 211

SUB-FAMILY AEGINAE.

GENUS AEGA, Leach.

17. Aega antarctica, Hodgson.

Ae[//t nuntralift, Richardson, 190G (2), p. 4, text-figs. 8-11.

A. initiiri-tini, Hodgson, 1910, p. 17, pi. II ; Richardson, l'.il:>, p. 4.

Non ^I itHstntlix, Whitelegge.

i'.— Station 294, Ross Sea, 74° 25' S., 179° 3' E., 158 fathoms, bottom
fauna, two specimens, 10 and 24 mm.

Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to McMurdo Sound. 250 fathoms,
bottom fauna, five specimens, !)-U) mm.

Station 338, 77° 13' S., lf>4° IS' E., 207 fathoms, hot mm fauna, one ovigerous
female, 18 mm.

Station 33'.), 77° 5' S., 104° 17' E., 140 fathoms, bottom fauna, eleven specimens,
15-24 mm.

Station 341), oft' Butter Point, western shore of McMurdo Sound, 80 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one female, 22 mm.

Station 35G, off Granite Harbour, entrance to McMurdo Sound, 50 fathoms,
bottom fauna, seven specimens, 18-27 mm.

2.3.1911, washed up on the beach at North Bay. one specimen, 2:'> mm.

Remarks. — This species is closely allied to the new species described below,
but is distinguished by its smaller eyes, and by the armature of the anterior thoracic,
limbs, as well as by its relatively smaller size. I have examined the "Discovery"
specimens named by Hodgson and find that they all belong to the small-eyed
form. Richardson's species is, I think, the same as Hodgson's. It agrees with the
latter in the armature of the thoracic limbs, and the eyes are certainly smaller than in
the new species I describe below.

18. Aega gladalis, sp. uov. PI. IV, figs. 1-10.

Occurrence.— Station 194, off < totes Land. 69°43'S., 103'1 24' E., 180-200 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one male, 27 mm., and one female, 34 mm.

Station 314, 5 miles north of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound. 222-241
fathoms, bottom fauna, three specimens, 16-25 mm.

Station 316, off Glacier Tongue, about 8 miles north of Hut Point, McMurdo
Sound, 190-250 fathoms, three ovigerous females, 34-37 mm. ; nine other specimens.
14-25 mm. (types).

Station 339, 77° 5' S., 164° 17' E., 140 fathoms, bottom fauna, one female, 30 mm.

Station 355, 77° 46' S., 1GG° 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, three specimens,
17-29 mm.

De«cr!jiti<»i.—Th\x new species is so closely related to A. antarctica, Hodgson,
that it is perhaps most easily described by pointing out the differences between the two.

212 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

. I. t//iii-itilix differs from .1. antarctica :—

(1) In the size of the eyes. PI. IV, figs. 1, i>, 3.

In the tvpe specimen, measuring 37 mm. in length, the head measures
7 mm. ina straight line across its widest part. The eves measure 2'5mm.
along their longer axes, and the distance between the eyes is less than the
length of the longest axis of each eye. The eyes are of elongate pyriform
shape, the longer axis running transversely across the head towards the
centre with the narrower end of the eye nearer the centre. The pigment
is somewhat paler than in -1. <int<ircti<-<i.

In a specimen of J. <ni1<ir<-ti<:ft, 25mm. in length, the head measures
Ci mm. in greatest width, the longest axis of the eye measures l'2f) mm., and
the distance between the eyes is 3' 5 mm., or more than double the length of
the longest axis of the eye. The eye is of a much shorter pyriform shape
than in A. t//<ti-i<i/i*, as if the elongate narrower end of the eye in the latter
had become obsolete, while the pigment is much blacker.

(2) In the armature of the anterior thoracic limbs.

In A. aniiin-lti-ii, according to Hodgson, and the specimens in the present
eollcctioii bear out his description; the propodus of the second to fourth
thoracic limbs is armed with three blunt spines on the inner margin, one at
either end and one intermediate, while the carpus has three such blunt spines.

In A //fin-lit//* both propodus and carpus of the second to fourth
thoracic limbs have only one spine each, at the distal end of the inner margin
(pi. IV, fig. 8).

(3) In size.

The largest J. unfit /'i-fint recorded hitherto measures 28 mm. A. glacialis
readies 38 mm. in length.

For the rest, the body in A. i/lai-iaH* is rather more than twice as long
as broad, perfectly smooth and without hairs. The telsou is rather less in
length than one-quarter of the entire animal, and one and a quarter times as
broad, at its widest part, as long. There is a well-developed keel in the
mid-dorsal line, and the margins are produced into a short acute apex,
minutelv civnulated distally, with short setae between the crenulations. The
uropods are slightly longer than the telsou, both with rather acute apices,
their margins crenulate and armed with short setae.

The peduncle of the autennule (pi. IV, fig. 5) is as long as the head, and
has the third joint considerably longer than the first two combined. The
flagellum has about twenty joints.

The antenna (pi. IV, fig. <i'l reaches the posterior end of the third free
thoracic somite. The fourth joint of the peduncle is level with the end of the

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL.

peduncle of the first antenna. The fourth and fifth joints are sub-equal iu
length and longer than any of the first three. The flagellum has about
twenty-five joints, the distal joints about double the length of the proximal
ones.

The appendix masculina on the second pleopods of the male (pi. IV, fig. 10) i.s
longer than the rami of the pleopods, its distal half very acutely pointed in
the form of a stylet.

19. At'/.ja in>ri-:<iiliiitdiiti', Dana. PI. IV, figs. 11-14.

A. ii<ir!-zrrtlini<liti<; Dana, 1S52, p. 767, pi. LI, figs. '2/i-c ; Miers, 1876, p. 108 ; Thomson
and Chilton, 1886, p. 153; Hutton, 1904, p. 2G2 ; Thomson, 1913, p. J46.

OiTurri'n,'c. — Station 1)0, 7 miles E. of North C'ape, Xe\v Zealand. 70 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one ovigemus female, 13 '5 mm.

Reniat-ks. — Dana's original description is short and inadequate, and though the
species has since been recorded by Thomson and Chilton. no more complete description
has beeu published. It is therefore with considerable doubt that I refer the present
single specimen to Dana's species. There is nothing in Dana's description and figures
to suggest the possibility of my specimen belonging to another species. In the hope
that the species may be recognised and more fully described in the future, I add a few
notes. The body is absolutely smooth, without carinae. ridges or tubercles of any
kind, and is covered on the dorsal surface by a regular series of minute red flecks or
chromatophores. These microscopical dots of pigment have persisted extraordinarily
well in the spirit specimen.

The specimen is to be placed in Section '2\ of Schioedte and Meinert's Synopsis of
the Species of Ai'ij<i (1871). p. :.!•"•!)). and, having the eyes distant, it comes nearest to
the two Northern species, A. iin-flru, Liitkeu, and A. r<'nf >•<>••«/. _M. Sars.

The head is furnished with a small rostrum, which curves over ventrally to meet
the frontal lamina, and thus separates the bases of the anteunules.

The eyes are of moderate size, black in colour, separated from each other by a
distance almost equal to the length of each eye.

The frontal lamina and clypeus are almost identical with those figured by
Srhioedte and Meiuert for A. ventrosa (1879, tab. IX, fig. 8), and it is sufficient to
refer to this figure for their general structure.

The antenuules reach the posterior margin of the first free thoracic somite.
The peduncle is slightly shorter than the head, and equal to the first four joints of the
peduncle of the second antenna. The third joint of the peduncle is about equal to or
slightly longer than the first two combined, and the flagellum is composed of thirteen

joints.

The antennae reach the posterior margin of the third five thoracic somite, and
the flagellum is composed of eighteen joints.

•Jit "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

The second thoracic limlis (pi. IV, tig. 12) have one spine on the fourth joint, one
on the tifth, and two on the sixth.

The telsou (pi. IV, fig. 14) is broadly triangular, with the apex rounded. The
distal half of the margins is serrate, the serrations at first regular but becoming uneven
towards the apex, and there is a fringe of small plumose setae between the serrations.
The nropods are about as long as the telson. Both rami have margins coarse] v serrate
or toothed, and in my figure I have indicated the spinules which still remain in mv
specimen.

In comparing my specimen with Dana's description and figures the following
differences may be noted : —

(1) The first free thoracic somite in my specimen, while longer than the
succeeding ones, is not so disproportionately long as Dana shows.

(2) The eyes are larger in my specimen, and the distance between them
correspondingly smaller than Dana's figure illustrates.

(3) The rlagellum of the autenuules is nine-jointed according to Dana, and
thirteeu-jointed in my specimen.

(4) The antennae in my specimen have the last joint of the peduncle rather
longer and narrower than Dana figures it, while the flagellum has sixteen to
eighteen joints as against twenty-two given by Dana.

(5) Dana's description and figures of the telson in his species suggest that it
is longer and more truncate than in my specimen. He gives no detail of the
armature of either telsou or uropods.

The general resemblance between my specimen and Dana's description is sufficiently
close to warrant its being referred to Dana's species, at any rate until more material is
forthcoming.

SUB-FAMILY CYMOTHOINAE.

GENDS CERATOTHOA, Dana.

20. ( 'I'fiffnt/iiiii /////'/r.v.v,/ (Say).

<;l<i.ixi}l!nx Hni-fir!*, Schidi'dtL' and Meinert, 1881-83, p. 301, tab. XII, figs. !,•_'.

iHi iuipri'S*<i, Kk-hnrclson, 190"), p. 2.'U, text-tigs. L'36-^40 (with full synonymy).

( tiriiri'i'nn'. — 1 '2 . f> . l'.)13, from the branchial chamber of a flying Hah, ExocoetUS,
which fiew on board the "Terra Nova, " ; one female, 38 mm., one male, 11 mm.
From the list of stations, it would appear that on this date the '• Terra Nova " was
in about 5° S., 27° 15' W.. in the Tropical Atlantic.

21. Lnrrti! Cymothoid, gen. et sp. ('.}.

Oc/'urn in; . — Station 133, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, plankton,
one specimen.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 215

r/c*. — It is not possible to name this larva, but it seems to belong to
this sub-family, and indeed probably to the genus Ceratothoa or its relative, Meinertia.
It is in the second stage of larval development, and the dactylus of the three anterior
pairs of limbs is armed with five teeth. Four species of the genus Meinertia are
known from New Zealand waters, and it is probably to one of these that this larva
should l)e referred.

FAMILY SPHAEROM1DAE.
SUB-FAMILY LIMNORIINAE.

GENUS LIMNORIA, Leach.

22. Limiwi-itt antar<-t.i<-a, Pfeffer.

L. antan-tln,, Pfefter, 1887, p. 96, pi. II, figs. 12, 13, pi. V, figs. 2-l'l' : Stebbing, 1904, p. 714 ;
Caiman, 1910, p. 185; Richardson, 1913, p. 8; Chilton, 1914, p. 382, pi. XVII, fig. 8;
Chilton, 1914, p. 448.

Oci-urrcni-e. — Cumberland Bay, S. Georgia, December, 1913, collected by P.
Stammwitz, one.

SUB-FAMILY PLAKARTHRIINAE.

GENUS PLAKARTHRIUM, Chilton.

23. Plakarthrium t//i>/ci/i>i, Chilton.

P. ti/plcum, Chilton, 1883, p. 74, pi. I, figs. 5-5/c : Thomson and Chilton, 188C, p. 159 ;
Button, 1904, p. 263 ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 115.

OiTiin-i'iice.— Station 135, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, plankton,
one male.

Remarks.— The specimen measures 4 mm. in length, and agrees very closely with
Chilton's description. As Hansen notes, the species is very closely allied to P. punc-
tatixsiiiuim, Pfeffer; but I have been able to examine a specimen of the latter species
in the collections at the British Museum identified by Prof. Chiltou from collections
made by Dr. W. S. Bruce at the South Orkneys, and I am convinced that the two
species, though very closely related, are distinct, and readily separable by one
important character. This is the form of the thoracic legs, and a comparison of the
original descriptions of both species brings out the fact that both Pfeffer and Chilton
have accurately described the thoracic legs in their respective species. Pfeffer states
that in P. jmm-f'Ki.^lnium " Die Beine siucl nach zwei ganz verschiedenen Typeu
o-ebildet. Das 1, 2 uud 7 Paar sind schlank, haben lauge Femora und 2 Eudklaueu ;
die iibrigen siud kiirzere und feste Klammerfusse mit ganz kurzeu Femur uud ein-
facher, grosser Endklaue." Chiltou's original description of P. ti/jncttm reads : " First
two pairs of legs slender, three following pairs short and stout, last two pairs slender,

VOL. III.

210 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

similar to the first two, nil ending in strong curved claws." That is to say, using
the terminology now in vogue for the appendages of (.'rnstai-ea. that in P. (>//</••»///
the second, third, seventh and eighth thoracic limlis are similar in general form, and
form a sharp contrast with the fourth, fifth and sixth, while in P. puin-fiifi.^ninnii the
second, third and eighth are similar, and in contrast with the fourth, fifth, sixth and
seventh. The specimens of lioth species which 1 have examined bear out these
descriptions, and the form of the seventh pair of thoracic limbs forms a valid and
sharp specific character.

P. ti/jiifinii, Chiltou, has so far only been recorded from Lyttelton Harbour, and
that only once, when discovered by Chilton in 1883.

SUB-FAMILY SPHAEROMINAE.
A. SPHAEROMINAE HEMIBRANCHIATAE.

GENUS EXOSPHAEROMA, Stebbing, 1900.

'24. Exosplideroma /////'/* (Leach).

E. giijas, Stebbing, 1900, p. 553, pi. XXXIX ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 118.

Occurrence. — Stations 133, 135 and 13fi, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New
Zealand, four, quite juvenile.

fi('in<ir/i*. — These specimens are quite small and immature, and are, with doubt,
referred to this common New Zealand species.

25. Exosphaeroma falcatum, sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 1-8.

Oi.nirreiif*'. — Station 133, Spirits Bay, near North (Jape, New Zealand, plankton,
two males and one female (types).

Dtsri-ijitiuii. — A hemi-branchiate Sphaeromid, with the body smooth, without
granules or tubercles, but presenting a minutely honeycombed appearance dorsally
under the microscope. Head with a distinct though small rostral projection, with a
distinct excavation at each side of its base, into which the antennules fit and are just-
visible from dorsal view. Below the rostral process and in front of it projects tin-
large epistome, very prominent in dorsal view. The epistome is figured in pi. V,
fig. 8, and in side view is distinctly dorsally recurved, giving a very pug-nosed
appearance to the animal. Coxal plates almost hidden in dorsal view, and strongly
curved on to the ventral surface. Telsoti broadly triangular in shape and strongly
convex, without tubercles or granules, apex bluntly and rather broadly rounded.
Uropods in the male (pi. V, fig. 1) almost reaching the apex of the telson, inner minus
narrowly ovate and bluntly pointed, outer ramus very narrow, curved slightly out-
wards and sharply pointed ; uropods in the female (pi. V, fig. 2) exactly as in the

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTEIISALL. 217

male except for the outer ramus, which is strongly hooked at the outer distal
extremity.

Antermule (pi. V, tig. 3) very slightly longer than the head ; first joint of the
peduncle stouter and longer than the other joints, about twice as long as wide;
second joint shorter than the third, latter not much more than half as long as the
first ; flagellum shorter than the peduncle, seven-jointed.

Antenna (pi. V, fig. 4) longer than the antennule, but not (juite reaching the
posterior end of the first somite of the thorax; flagellum a little longer than the
peduncle, thirteen- jointed.

Second to the eighth thoracic limbs (pi. V, figs. 5-6) long and slender, progres-
sively increasing in length from the second to the seventh pair, mainly by the increase
in length of the meral and especially of the carpal joints; in the second limbs, the
carpus is quite small and the merits hardly longer than wide, while in the eighth pair
the carpus is not much shorter than the propodus and equal to the merus ; the limbs
have a varying armature of long setae, especially from the outer distal corner of the
meral joints, and the inner margin of the merus and carpus of the posterior limbs has a
dense fringe of short setae.

Male stylet on the second pleopod of the male (pi. V, fig. 7) rather more than
twice as long as the rami, rather sharply curved towards the finely pointed apex.

Length of male and female types, 2 ' 5 mm. Across the head and first somite of
the thorax, and also across the last somite of the thorax and anterior somite of the
abdomen, are two bands of dark purple pigment.

This small species may be distinguished by the smooth body, the shape of the outer
ramus of the uropods in both sexes, and the long dorsally recurved epistome, giving a
snub-nosed effect in lateral view.

GENUS ISOCLADTJS, Miers, 1S7C,.
26. Iwltilii* armatus (Milne-Edw.). PL V, figs. 9-17.

SphaerotiKi <inn,tl<i, M.-Edw., 1840, p. 210 ; Dana, 1852, p. 780, pi. LII, fig. 7.

Isoi-hidits finnntux, Miers, 187(3(1), p. 229 ; Miers, 1876(2), p. 112; Thomson and Chilton,

1886, p. 155 ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 118 ; Thomson, 1913, p. 246.
Splint roma spinigera, Dana, 1852, p. 780, pi. LIT, fig. 8.
Isoclndiis ^</H/;/< •''. Mirrs, 1S7I1 (1), p. 229; Miers, 1876 (2), p. 113, pi. Ill, fig. 4; Thomson

and Chilton, 1886, p. 155 ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 118 ; Thomson, 1913, p. 246.

Oi;-iirn.'iiiv. — Sandy pool between tide marks at Motorua, Bay of Islands, New
Zealand, sixteen males and nine females.

Jfi'/iuir/Cfi. — I have figured (pi. V, figs. 9-11) the adult male, adult female and
young male of this species, to show the sexual differences and the changes in the
growth of the young male to fully adult size, and to support my contention that
J. iinii/itns and /. ftjiuiii/fr are really different sexes and growth-stages of the one
species, which 1 regard as the 8]>li<ti mma urni/itu of Milne-Edwards.

2 I 2

218 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

Milne-Edwards' original description says nothing about the length of the process
from the seventh thoracic somite. He merely stated, " Septieme segment du thorax
surmonte d'une dent conique me'diane dirigee en arriere."

Dana, in 1853, described two species from the Bay of Islands, one of which he
referred to ,S. uninttn, M.-Ed., with "seventh thoracic segment having a tooth behind,
the tooth sometimes obsolescent" ; and the other, which he describes as a new species,
S. xjiiiiliin-ii, having the " tooth of the seventh thoracic segment elongate, spiniform,
longer than half the abdomen." Dana also states that in his S. /innntn the caudal
lamellae do not quite reach the apex of the telson, whereas in N. xj>iiti</rrti they extend
beyond it. I am of the opinion that Dana's S. unn/itu, with the seventh thoracic
somite having a tooth behind, is the young male, and those specimens with the tooth
obsolescent adult females; and his S. xpinigem, with the elongate spiniform tooth on
the seventh thoracic somite, the fully adult male of the same species, which I regard as
the same as Milne-Edwards' species.

Miers founded the genus Ixochnlux on a number of specimens which included both
females and adult males, and which he referred to Dana's ,S. spinigera (1). He had not
seen any specimens which he could refer to S. <irm«t<.i, M.-Ed., and if any young males
occurred among the specimens which he examined he probably regarded them as
merely growth stages of /. >yiiiiiji>r<i, without considering whether they agreed with
Milnfi-Edwards1 description of N. <inn<tf<<.

There seems to be some confusion as to the identity of this species in the minds of
the New Zealand zoologists who have collected specimens. Thomson and Chiltou (1883)
record /. nrmatiift from the Bay of Islands on the authority of Thomson, and 1. fij>/n/t/cr
from Lytteltou on the authority of Chilton ; Thomson adding a note to the latter
record, " I do not think I know this form."

Thomson (191:5) records both species from Otago Harbour, but seems doubtful of
his record of /. s/>inii/<-r. since lie adds, " Several specimens collected near Dunedin
appear to belong to this species."

The figures here given will show the general form of the body in the adult and
young male and in the adult female. The body is strongly convex, and capable of
being rolled up into a ball. It is smooth and without tubercles of any kind. The last
segment of the abdomen is strongly convex in the centre, with a flatter marginal
portion. There is a median shallow groove or depression in the central convex portion,
which gives the impression that the latter is made up of two obscure bosses. The
spiniform process from the seventh thoracic somite of the male reaches backward nearly
to the apex of the telson. In the young male it appears as a short tooth, and is absent
in the female.

The uropods in the adult male extend slightly beyond the apex of the telsou ;
inner ram us broad and ovate, with a truncate tip ; outer ramus scythe-like, curving
slightly outwards ; apex pointed. In the female the uropods arc smaller than in the
male, and do not reach the apex of the telsou, but are otherwise of the same general

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA- TATTERSALL. 219

type. lu the young male the uropods just reach the apex of the telsou. The scythe-
like curved outer uropods are characteristic of all stages of growth of this species, and
essentially of the same type throughout, though larger and more emphasised in the
adult male.

The figures (pi. V, figs. 12-15) of the antennules and antennae, the second and
eighth thoracic limbs and epistome will convey a sufficient idea of the character of these
appendages in this species. The stylet in the second pleopods of the male (pi. V, fig. 16)
is long and sharply pointed, nearly twice as long as the inner ramus. The epistome
(pi. "\ , fig. 17) is constricted somewhat at the centre, and has the anterior margin
convex. It projects slightly beyond the head, and is visible in dorsal view. The
upper lip is triangular, with the distal margin convex. Length of an adult male, 8 mm. ;
of an adult female, 7 mm. ; and of a young male, 6' 5 mm.

Three species of Jwiiadns are known : /. trixteiixix, Leach, /. infi'i/i'i-. Heller, and the
present species. /. nnnatiis may be distinguished from the other two by the shape of
the outer ramus of the uropods, and by the form of the upper lip and epistome.

GENUS CYMODOCE, Leach.
27. Ci/iiu'ilni-i- /ii>ilf/xi>ii/\ n. sp. PI. VI, figs. 1-8.

Oci-iirri'iii-r. — Station 96, 7 miles East of North Cape, New Zealand, 70 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one male, 9 mm.

Description. — Body (pi. VI, fig. 1) about twice as long as broad and capable of
being partially rolled up into a ball, more or less covered, but not closely, with short
fine setae. On the thoracic, segments these setae occupy a baud running across the
posterior half of each segment, and though nearly all worn off, the pits from which
they arise are clearly to be seen. The hairs are much more numerous on the abdomen,
and more evenly and regularly distributed. They are rubbed off dorsally but still
remain laterally.

Head somewhat highly vaulted, anterior margin produced between the bases of the
first antennae into a short spatulatc rostral process, in front of which projects the blunt
epistome. The latter is a conspicuous object in dorsal view even when the animal is
not fully straightened out, as in the figure here given (pi. VI, fig. 1). On each side of
the head, slightly in front of and below the eye, there is a broad groove, the margins of
which are strengthened by a ridge, into which the anterior forwardly directed part of
the coxal plate of the first free thoracic somite slides when the creature rolls itself up
into a ball.

Thorax with the first free somite much the largest, and the remainder more or less
sub-equal. The form of the coxal plates is shown in pi. VI, fig. 2. The last four
somites of the thorax have four obscure tubercles each, those nearest the median line
being more clearly defined.

Abdomen (pi. VI, fig. 1) with a proximal segmented portion and a terminal

•220 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

unsegmented portion. The proximal segmented portion would appear to be formed of
four somites. The suture marking off the first segment is visible in the middle line,
and on each side just behind the junction of the seventh thoracic tergum with its coxa
but not in between, nor dors it extend to the lateral margins. The two succeeding
sutures are incomplete in the mid-dorsal line, but extend tt) the lateral margins. The
suture marking the fourth somite is complete. The posterior margin of the fourth
segment is produced backwards into a broad stout process the apex of which is
truncate or even slightly emarginate in dorsal view. On each side there are two small
processes or tubercles, the outer of which is the larger. The unsegmented terminal
portion of the abdomen has a single prominent lateral tubercle on each side above the
base of the uropods. The apex is trilobed, the median tongue-like process only slightly
shorter than the lateral ones. On the dorsal surface of the median lobe, at its base, is a
short, blunt, forwardly directed tubercle, which in dorsal view shows two quite small
tubercles, one on each side of its base, giving the whole a trident-like form.

Uropods (pi. VI, fig. 7) with the endopod fused to the sympod, the whole forming
a stout rigid bar the inner edge of which is grooved and fitting over and under the
lateral margins of the abdomen in the familiar groove and tongue fashion known to the
carpenter. The outer urnpod is much smaller than the inner, with its apex acute.

Epistome of the form shown in pi. VI, fig. 3, very prominent both laterally and
dorsally.

Antenuules (pi. VI, fig. 4) reaching the posterior margin of the second free
thoracic somite ; basal joint of the peduncle rather broad, second joint small, third joint
as long as the first but much narrower; flagelluni composed of about eleven or twelve
joints.

Antennae (pi. VI, fig. 5) a little longer than the anteunules ; joints of the peduncle
all narrow except the first small joint, fifth joint the longest ; flagellum of about sixteen
to eighteen joints.

Second thoracic limbs (pi. VI, fig. (!) much shorter and stouter than any of the
others, the merus, carpus and propodus all armed with stout spines, the dactylus
bi-uuguiculate.

In the succeeding thoracic limbs the merus is not so stout and is without strong-
spines, the carpus and propodus successively becoming longer and the dactylus
bi-uuguiculate.

The processes on the sternum of the seventh thoracic somite of the male are rather
long and lie close to one another.

The pleopods are of the usual hemi-branchiate type. The stylet on the second
pair is longer than the rami, strongly curved, and acute at the tip (pi. VI, fig. 8).

Of all the species of < 'ymodoce hitherto described, this species approximates most
closely to C. australis, Hodgson, described from specimens taken on the " Southern
Cross" Expedition in 8 fathoms, off Cape Adare. It is indeed verv closely allied to
the latter, and I hesitated for a long time whether to describe it as a new species.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 221

Mter an examination of Hodgson's type in the British Museum, I have eume to the
conclusion that the two forms are distinct and that C. //«<///*«// / mav lie distinguished
from C. ausfi'iilift by the following characters :—

(1) It is not so hairy.

(2) The big process on the anterior part of the abdomen is broader, and the apex

truncate instead of pointed.

(3) The small recurved spine-like tubercle at the base of the median tongue of

the apex of the telson is shorter, less acute, and broader at the base. In
C. australis the tubercle is longer and more pointed, and has not the trilobed
appearance in dorsal view that it has iu C. luxli/xoni.

(4) Iu C. australis the median lobe at the apex of the abdomen is much shorter

than the lateral lobes. In C. /toJgsoni they are more nearly of the same size.

(5) C. hodgsoni has the outer uropod of proportionately smaller size and more

acute at the apex.

Haiisen, 1905 (l), does not mention C'. austral/*, Hodgson, or express any opinion
as to its exact place in the family. From my examination of the type and the above
specimen of a closely allied species, I believe it has been correctly referred to the genus
< 'ymodoce, where I would, at least provisionally, retain both species. In his key to the
genera of the Cymodocini (Hansen, 1905 (l), p. 104) the author defines the genus
Cymodoce as " in the male the anterior part of the abdomen is without mesial process,
and the eudopod of the uropod is generally moderately well developed." C. autf rails
and ( '. hodgsoni, which both have mesial processes on the anterior part of the abdomen,
can hardly be said to come within the above definition. On the other hand, they can
just as little be placed in the genera Cilicaea or Cilicaeopsis, which are both described
as having the endopod of the uropod very short or quite rudimentary. Hansen has
already commented on the very slight value of the latter two genera, and the species
now under discussion lend support to his opinion.

28. CymoJfw liltiiln'rcnlata, Filhol (?). PI. VI, figs. 9-15.

Cymodoce l!tul>en-i<l<itu, Filhol, 1885, p. 457, pi. LV, fig. 2 ; Hutton, 1904, p. 2(1:!.

Occurrence. — Stations 133, 135 and 136, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New
Zealand, plankton, nine specimens.

Remarks, — The specimens are all quite small, measuring from 1 to 4 mm., and none
of them are sexually mature. My identification of them is therefore accompanied by
a strong element of doubt. I have figured the whole animal from the side, the
epistome, and more important appendages, in the hope that the adult animal may
some day be found and satisfactorily identified.

The body is granular and glabrous, without any distinctive armature except on
the last abdominal somite (telson), which has two well-marked bosses separated in
the median line by a groove. The relative height and contour of these bosses may

•2-2-2 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

be judged from the figure of the animal in side view (pi. VI, fig. 9). The apex of
the telsou has u semi-circular notch, not very visible in dorsal view but somewhat
deep viewed from behind. In one of the specimens, which I suspect to be a male,
though it had no stylet on the second pleopods or any appendages on the sternum
of the last thoracic somite, the notch in the apex of the telsou is completely hidden
in dorsal view by a short obtuse blunt process on the dorsal surface of the telson
(pi. VI. fig. 10). This is the only difference I could find between the sexes, supposing
my presumption that the latter specimen represents the male sex be true. The
uropods are sub-equal in length, with truncate apices. The anterior margin of the
head is produced between the bases of the first antennae into a short but well-marked
rostral process, which meets the anterior end of the epistome. The latter is figured
on pi. VI, fig. 11, and is of quite characteristic shape, with a distinct tubercle on the
central portion. The first and second antennae (pi. VI, figs. 12, 13) have rlagella of
eight and twelve joints respectively. The second to eighth thoracic limbs (pi. VI,
figs. 14, 15) are all bi-unguiculate, the second pair with three larger spines on the
inner margin of the merus, two on the carpus, and three on the propodus, with smaller
spinules in between. The thoracic limbs become successively longer, but the general
form and the armature remain of the same type throughout. The pleopods are of the
usual hemi-branchiate type, with the exopod of the third pair two-jointed.

Filhol's specimens were taken in Cook Strait and on the shores of Stewart Island.
His original description, which I quote in full, is very short and unsatisfactory : " Cette
espece, que j'ai recueille dans le detroit de Cook et sur la cote est de 1'Ile Stewart,
se differeucie du i 'ymodocea granulata par le lobe postero-lateral du dernier segment
thoracique qui lie se coutourue pas en arriere pour se terminer par uue courte epine
dirigee en haut, par la presence de deux tuberosites sur la portion mediaue du dernier
aiineau abdominal, par la disposition cles appendices caudaux qui out la merne grandeur."
The present specimens agree with that description as far as it goes, and, as the specific
name indicates, the chief character of the species is the presence of two prominent
1 Hisses on the telsou. This character alone has led me to regard my specimens as
belonging to Filhol's species.

B. SPHAEROMINAE EUBRANCHIATAE.

GENUS CYMODOCELLA, Pfeffer.
29. C;/iii<n/iii;lla tiilin-mnlu, Pfeffer.

C. tnlifanda, Pfefter, 1887, p. 110, pi. II, fig. 8, pi. VI, figs. 11, 12 ; Richardson, 1908. p. 4 ;

Hodgson, 1910, p. 31 ; Chilton, 1909, p. 657 ; Richardson, 1913, p. 6.
Sphaeroma (?) eyregia, Chilton, 189:2, p. "209.
C. cyreyia, Haiisen, 1905 (1), p. 126 : Richardson, 1906, p. G.
Cymodocea aniarctlea, Hodgson, 1902, p. 243, pi. XXXII, fig. 2.

Occurrence.- — Station 220, off Cape Adare, 45-50 fathoms, bottom fauna, three
specimens, 7-8 mm.

TAN AID ACE A AND ISOPODA— TATTERS ALL. :!-".

Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, 250 fathoms, bottom fauna, one specimen,
7 ' 5 mm.

Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, collected by P. Stanimwitz. December, I'Jl:!.
eight specimens, 2-10 mm.

GENUS DYNAMENELLA, Hansen, 1905.

30. Dynamenella eatuni (Miers).

Dynamene eatoni, Miers, 1875, p. 73 ; Miers, 1879, p. 203, pi. XI, fig. 2.
Dynamenella eatoni, Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 125 ; Vanboffen, 1914, p. 515.

< >f<'tin-i>n<.-e. — Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, December, 1918, collected by
P. Stammwitz, two males.

fiemftrkf:. — The specimens are both apparently immature, and measure 1 1 mm. and
1 3 ' 5 mm. Though the male appendages on the seventh thoracic somite are present
and well developed, the stylet on the second pleopods is not yet visible externally.
Chilton (1909) has already called attention to the close similarity between this species
and D. huttoni (G. M. Thomson).

GENUS CASSIDINOPSIS, Hansen, 1905.

31. Cassidinopsis emarginata (Guer.).

Cassidina emarginata, Guerin, 18-13, p. 31 ; Cunningham, 1871, p. 499, pi. LIX, fig. 4 ; Miers,
1879, p. 204; Studer, 1884, p. 19; Pfeffer, 1887, p. 103, pi. II, figs. 9, 10, pi. V,
figs. 23-30, pi. VI, figs. 1-10 ; Stebbing, 1900, p. 562.

Cassidinopsis emarginata, Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 128; Stebbing, 1914, p. 351; Vanhb'fien,
1914, p. 514.

Cassidina latistyliii, Dana, 1852, p. 784, pi. LII, figs l'2a-e.

Occur rem-e. — King Edward Cove, S. Georgia, November, 1913, collected by
P. Stammwitz, fifteen specimens.

Remarks. — The largest male specimen measured 32 mm. in length and 21 mm. in
breadth ; the largest female, 22 mm. long, 1 1 mm. broad. This difference in the
relative proportions of the sexes has already been commented on by Studer, Miers, and
Vauhoffeu. The stylet on the second pleopod of the male is a little longer than
the rami.

GENUS EUVALLENTINIA, Stebbing, 1914.

Vallentinlu, Stebbing, 1914, p. 351.
nee Vallfntinia, E. T. Browne, 1902 (Medusa).
.. VaUentinia, Norm, and Scott 1906 (Copepoda).

Stebbing instituted this genus in 1914, on the recommendation of Hausen, for the
species previously known as Di/n<tin<>ne dancinii, Cunningham, or Cymodocea dancinii.
Cunningham. Finding that the name he originally proposed. \',ilh'iitini,i, had been

VOL. III. 2 K

224 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

used twice previously, he changed the name to Euvallentinia. His diagnosis is quoted
here in full : —

"A nicinlier of the Sphaerominae eubranckiatae, near to Paracerceis,Banse,n, 1905,
lint distinguished by not having the basal joint of the first antennae produced into an
acute process, the mandibles of the female not coalesced with the head, the exopod of
the uropods much shorter and narrower than the endopod, first gnathopod prehensile in
the male."

In li)0(i (I) .Miss Richardson instituted a new genus, C<i*x/<li<t#, the type species of
which is < '. argentine'a, Richardson. To this genus Miss Richardson says that Cijintidm-i'
iliii'iriiiii, Cunningham, should be referred, and she proceeds to point out the differences
between the two species. It seemed at first, therefore, as if the genera < \ixxnl m* and
l\ur<tlli'iitini<t were synonymous, but, on going into the matter further, certain difficulties
appeared in the way of my accepting Miss Richardson's interpretation of the generic
position of < '. ilitririnii, and as a result of my observations I have been led to uphold
the validity of Stebbiug's genus. If the diagnoses of Richardson and Stebbiug for their
two genera are compared, two points require further elucidation. Richardson says of
(_'(i.^ii/i,ifi, •'mouth parts of the female metamorphosed," and her figures of the first
maxilla and maxilliped of the female of < '. argentinea support her statement. Stebbing
in defining /^iirallriidnin says, " the mandibles of the female not coalesced with the
head." This statement is not inconsistent with a metamorphosis of the mouth-parts in
egg-bearing females, for it is only in some few genera that the metamorphosis is so
complete as to lead to a complete fusion of the mandibles with the head, such as
Hansen describes in the genera (\>m'!s and Dt/namene. Stebbing's statement is included.
I take it, in his diagnosis to indicate a point of difference between Euvallentinia and
Pariti't'ri'i'ix, the genus to which Hanseu had suggested that -(7. darwinii was most
closely related. In the latter genus, the metamorphosis of the mouth-parts in the
egg-bearing female is very complete, and includes a fusion of the mandible with the
head. Stebbiug had only one specimen at his command, and that appears from his
remarks to have been a female. He gives no information on the state of its maturity,
and no further information on the mouth-parts except to state, that they are "much as
in ( '//niiK/iiri'. '

In the material I have examined there are two adult males, one immature male
and three adult females, which I refer with some confidence to the ( 'ymodoc'e darwinii
of Cunningham. The three females have three pairs of well-developed marsupial
lamellae, which overlap in the median line, but none of them has eggs in the
marsupium. Two of the females, however, are carrying eggs in internal pouches,
though I have not been able to make out the number of these pouches or the position
of their external openings. I have carefully compared the mouth-parts of one of these
egg-bearing females with those of an adult male and can discern no difference
whatsoever.

In ( '. (Inrwinii, therefore, the mouth-parts of the egg-bearing female are not

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTEBSALL. 225

metamorphosed, and this character is of sufficient importance to constitute, in my
opinion, a generic difference between C. dai-iclnii and (_'. aft/enthn-a.

The second point in the diagnosis of Richardson and Stebbiug which requires
notice is the structure of the fourth pleopod. Richardson says "lioth branches of the
fourth pair of pleopods are similar — Meshy, with transverse folds and without marginal
setae"; and from the figure of the fourth pleopods of C. ari/eufhii'a we gather that
the exopod is without a terminal joint. Stebbing, in his remarks on 1-jirnll, //fiit/'i.
(/ar/ri/tii, though not actually in his diagnosis of the genus, states that "the exopod
of the fourth pair is clearly two-jointed." I can confirm Stebbing's statement, and
venture to think that this character can be regarded as of generic, value.

I am therefore led to remove C. darwinii from the genus Caxxidia* to which
Miss Richardson would refer it, and to uphold the validity of the genus Euvallentinia,
Stebbing, a genus of Sphaeromiuae Eubrauchiatae, having both sexes very similar in
external aspect, without processes on the thorax ; basal joint of the first antennae not
expanded into a free plate nor produced into an acute process ; mouth-parts similar in
both sexes, not metamorphosed in the egg-bearing females ; uropods similar in both
sexes, with an exopod which is much shorter than the endopod ; exopods of pleopods
three and four two-jointed ; female with marsupial lamellae which overlap in the
median line, young developed in internal pouches ; male with an appendix masculiua
on the second pleopod.

To this diagnosis may perhaps be added, as Stebbing Luis done, second thoracic
limb of the male prehensile. Whether this character is of generic or specific significance
is a matter of opinion, but it is at least interesting in view of Hanseu's statement that
"in no case has any sexual difference been observed" in the anterior two pairs of
thoracic legs among the genera of the Eubranchiate Sphaeromids.

In only one other genus of Eubranchiate Sphaeromidae, Scutuloidea, Chiltori, is
the exopod of the fourth pleopods two-jointed, but this genus differs from Euvallentinia
in having the exopod of the third pleopod uujoiuted, and in having the uropods without
exopods.

32. Euvallentinia darn-inii (Cunningham).

Cymodocen duriinnii, Cunningham, 1871, p. 499, pi. LIX, figs. l-lb ; Studer, 1SS4, p. IS,
pi. II, figs. 6-66; Beddard, 1886(2), p. 150; Dollfus, 1891, p. r,r,, pi. VIII, figs. 8-8?;;
Ortrnann, 1911, p. 649.

Dynamene dimoinri, Miers, 1881, p. 79 ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 135.

Cassidias darwinii, Richardson, 1906 (1), p. 22, tig. 27.

Vallentinia darwinii, Stebbing, 1914, p. 351.

^Euvallentinia ditrtolnli, Stebbing, 1914, p. 944.

Oi-ciiriYiK-i'.— Station 38, 52° 23' S., 63° 50' W.. 125 fathoms, bottom fauna, three
males and three females.

Remarks. — Two of the males were adult, and measured I :; mm. The third, measuring
oulv 10 mm., was immature. The females, all adult and two carrying eggs, measure

2 K 2

226 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

oiily 9 mm. There is thus a considerable difference in size between adults of both sexes.
There are other interesting sexual differences in this species. In the adult male the
base of the propodus of the second thoracic limb bears a rather long and stout blunt
process, which makes this appendage in the male a prehensile limb. The process is quite
absent in the female and only slightly developed in the immature male specimen. This
character is interesting, as no other genus of Eubranchiate Sphaeromids exhibits such
a sexual difference.

Further, on the third to the eighth pairs of thoracic limbs of the male the carpus
and merus bear on their inner margins a dense pad of short stout setae just like a brush.
These are not present in the female and only slightly developed in the immature male.

The stylet on the second pleopod of the male is about half as long again as the
inner ramus.

C. SPHAEROMINAE PLATYBRANCHIATAE.

GENUS CASS1DINA, Milne-Edw., 1840.

33. Casxidina fyj>«, M.-Edw.

C. typa, M.-Edw., 1840, p. 224, pi. XXXII, figs. 10-16 ; Hansen, 1905 (1), p. 129.
C. neo-zealanlca, G. M. Thomson, 1888, p. 264, pi. XIV, figs. 1-4; Stebbing, 1900, p. 562 ;
Hutton, 1904, p. 263 ; Thomson, 1913, p. 247.

Occurrence. — Station 134, Spirits Bay, near North Cape. New Zealand, 11-20
fathoms, bottom fauna, one female.

Jii'iiHi/'k*. — The single specimen measures 6 mm. in length and about 4 mm. in
bread th. Hansen has identified C. nco-zealanica, Thomson, with Milne-Edwards' species,
and with this opinion I am in agreement. My specimen agrees more closely with
Milne-Edwards' figures than with Thomson's. For instance, the latter author figures
the abdomen as consisting of two somites only, whereas in my specimen four
somites are indicated, the suture marking off the first somite not visible in the centre
and not reaching the lateral margins, while that marking off the second segment is not
complete in the median dorsal line but does extend to the lateral margins. This
condition agrees absolutely with Milne-Edwards' figure. The body generally is clothed
dorsally with short hairs, which are more numerous laterally than in the centre of the
body. Between the liases of the hairs the surface of the body is microscopically honey-
combed. The proportions of the first and second antennae and the form of the epistome
agree very well with Milne-Edwards' figures, and differ somewhat from those of
Thomson. The first antenna is slightly longer than the head, and quite reaches the
end of the peduncle of the second antenna. The fiagellum has eight joints. The second
antenna reaches a little beyond the posterior border of the first free thoracic somite,
a ml its peduncle is as long as the head. The flagellum has twelve joints. These differences
are small, and considering the many points of close resemblance between Milne-
Kdwavds' and Thomson's accounts, and the fact that both species are found in New

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 227

Zealand waters, I think that there can be little dual it that the species are synonymous.
Hausen's re-description of the genus and species is sufficient for easy recognition. The
type of C. typn came from New Zealand, Thomson's specimens from the Bay of Islands,
and Hausen has recorded the species from Akaroa Harbour.

FAMILY SEROLIDAE.

GENUS SEROLIS, Leach.

34. Scrolls itchythi.'i, Liitkeii.

S. scliythe!, Liitken, 1858, p. 98, pi. I, figs. 12, 1.3 ; Grube, 1875, p. 220, pi. V, fig. 1, pi. VI,
fig. 1 ; Becldard, 1884, p. 40, pi. II, figs. 5-13.

On-u.rrein-e.— Station 38, 52° 23' S., 63° 50' W., near the Falkland Islands.
125 fathoms, Agassi/ trawl, bottom fauna, two males, four females and eighteen
juveniles.

Remarks. — Both male specimens measure 22 mm. in length and 25 mm. in
greatest breadth, while the females, with eggs, measure 21 mm. long and the same in
greatest breadth. Adult males are therefore proportionately broader as compared with
females. The first four free thoracic somites (3-6 thoracic somites) have their coxae
marked off from the terga by a distinct suture. Liitken, Grube and Beddard have all
noted the differences between the sexes in this species. In the male the coxae
of the seventh thoracic somite reach backward some considerable way beyond the apex
of the last abdominal somite, while the coxae of the sixth thoracic somite and the
pleura of the second abdominal somite extend backward equally to the apex of the last
abdominal somite. In the female, the coxae of the seventh thoracic somite reach,
and those of the sixth thoracic somite and the pleura of the second abdominal somite
fall some considerable way short of the apex of the last abdominal somite. The
dactylus of the second thoracic limb in the female has a comb of short spines on the
distal half of the inner edge.

Richardson (1911, p. 396, fig. 1) has recently described a species of Semi its,
S. polar it, which is very closely related to S. scfu/fhei. but apparently differs in that
the pleura of the second abdominal somite are longer than the coxae of the seventh
thoracic somite, whereas in >S'. xrhi/tlit'i the reverse obtains, and the transverse cariua on
the last abdominal somite is of different form in the two species. S. polarix is recorded
from the South Sandwich Islands. S. schythei is confined to the waters off Patagonia
and the Falkland Islands.

35. Serolis septemcarinata, Miers.

S. quadricarinata, White, 1847, p. 106.

S. septemcarinata, Miers, 1875, p. 116 ; Miers, 1879, p. 206, pi. XI, tig. 3 ; Studer, 1884, p. 8 ;
Beddard, 1884, p. 47, pi. II, fig. 14, pi. VIII, figs. 3-5 ; Pfeffer, 1887, p. ('.3, pi. II,
figs. 5, 6, pi. Ill, figs. 1-26, pi. IV, fig. 6 ; Collinge, 1018, p. 74, pis. Til, IV, tigs. 1-13.

S. avails, Studer, 1879, p. 24, pi. Ill, figs. 8-10.

228 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

< tfi'i/.t'i'i'iicf. — Cumberland Jiav, S. (leorgia, December, 1913, collected \>v P.
Stammwitz, two females.

Remarks. — The two specimens respectively measure ['2 mm. long )>v 9 • 5 mm.
broad, and 11 mm. long by 8'5 mm. broad. There is nothing to add to Pit-tier's
detailed and careful description, or to the more recent account of this species
given by Collinge. One point only requires remark. Collinge describes and figures
only one kind of sensory spine on the inner margin of the propodus of the second
thoracic limb. Pfeffer, however (/<«•. fit., pi. III. tigs. 13-15), gives detailed figures
showing lioth kinds of sensory spines. My own observations agree absolutely with
those of Pfeffer, whose account of this species lias evidently been overlooked by
Collinge.

o

::<;. Xfrolix ijliinaUx. n. sp. PI. VII, figs. 1-5.

Uccnrri'wr.— Station 194, off Oates Land. 09° 43' S., 163° 24' E., 180-200
fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 17 mm. long, 14 '5 mm. broad.

Description. — Body (pi. Vll, fig. 1) broadly oval, slightly longer than broad, the
breadth being about f of the length, rather flattened and semi-translucent, especially
laterally.

Head (pi. VII, tig. l) very nearly twice as wide as long, shield-shape in outline,
convex, with a small but well-marked pointed rostral process between the bases of the
aiiteimules ; behind the rostrum there is a well-marked transverse keel or ridge, which
runs laterally to the sides of the eephalosome ; behind this again, between and in a
line with the anterior end of the eyes, there is a short transverse well-marked ridge,
immediately posterior to which is a deep groove; the portion of the head between the
eyes is very convex, and divided into three more or less etjual oval prominences, the
posterior margins of which are much more sharply defined than the anterior, where
the prominences merge in the general surface of the body ; this portion of the
eephalosome is roughened by irregular anastomosing ridges.

Eyes large, about half as long as the head, reuiform, pigment black.

As in all Serolidae, the second thoracic somite united with the head, the lateral
portion with two transverse ridges on each side, the anterior one commencing at the
point at which the anterior ridge of the head meets the lateral margin of the head,
the second one commencing some little way behind this point, and both running
at first transversely and finally outward and backward, fading away into the lateral
margins ; third to seventh somites with well-developed coxal plates, those of the
third to fifth somites marked off by distinct sutures; in the median dorsal line each
of the third to the seventh thoracic somites is produced into a short but distinct
median dorsal spiniform process ; the coxal plates of the seventh thoracic somite
are much more produced than those of any of the other thoracic somites, and extend
about to the level of the Uisal joint of the uropods.

TANAIDACEA AND LSOPODA— TATTERSALL. I'l'O

Abdomeu (pi. VII, fig. 1) with three free somites and a large terminal one. eaeh
of the free somites with a short median dorsal spiniform process in continuation of
those of the thorax; pleural plates of the second somite well produced backwards and
extending posteriorly beyond the coxal plates of the seventh thoracic somite ; pleura!
plates of the third somite sliorter than those of the second, and reaching the same level
as the coxal plates of the seventh thoracic somite ; terminal segment with a well-
developed spine in the anterior median line, followed by a median dorsal keel which
extends to the extremity ; on each side of the median keel there are two lateral oblique
keels, terminating in small spines some way from the lateral margins, which are slightly
turned down and infolded.

First and second antennae (pi. VII, fig. 1) rather long, reaching backwards almost
to the posterior margin of the third free segment of the mesosome ; peduncle of the
first antenna four-jointed, first two joints small, third joint the longest, three times as
long as the fourth, fiagellum of thirty-five joints ; peduncle of the second antenna
longer than that of the first by the entire length of the fifth joint, fourth and fifth
joints long and narrow and equal to each other, flagellum of about seventeen joints,
shorter than the last peduncular joint.

The second, third and fourth thoracic appendages are shown in the figures
(pi. VII, figs. 2-5). The second is stoutly built, with the propodus greatly expanded,
having its outer distal corner somewhat pointed, and its inner margin armed with a
row of about forty -five broad triangular tooth-like processes alternating with peculiar
stout spines. The distal edge of the carpus is creuulate and bears two stout spines.
The third thoracic appendage is much smaller than the second, with the propodus
modified and bearing on its inner border several short stout spines and larger and
more slender setae. Each of the sternal plates of the first three abdominal segments
has the median posterior border produced into a spine, increasing in length from the
first to the third.

The appendix mascnlina on the second pleopod of the male reaches about
two-thirds of the way towards the apex of the metasome.

Uropods not extending beyond the metasome ; eudopod and exopod narrowly oval
in shape, the exopod scarcely more than half the length of the endopod, margins of both
finely serrated and sparsely setose.

This species appears to be most nearly related to S. aeptemcarinata, fliers, which
has been recently redescribed and figured by Colliuge (1918). I have compared the
single type specimen with examples of fliers' species in the present collection and have
noted the following points of difference.

(1) N. glacialis is more flattened, less compact and more transparent than
N. septemcarinata. It should be remarked, however, that the " Terra Nova " specimen
has every appearance of having been frozen before preservation, and this may account
for its translucent appearance.

(2) The eyes are larger in S. glai-inlix than in »S. septemcarinata.

230 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

(3) The first and second antennae in N. glacial is are longer than in S. septem-
curinata. In S. gliir/a/!* the peduncle of the first antenna is equal to the first four
joints of the peduncle of the second antenna, and the whole first antenna is if anything
slightly longer than the second. In S. septemcarinata the peduncle of the first antenna
reaches onlv about half-way along the fourth joint of the peduncle of the second, and
the whole first antenna is considerably shorter than the second antenna.

(4) In N. ijlui'ialis each of the thoracic and first three somites of the abdomen has
the median dorsal posterior 1 (order produced into a spine-like process, which is absent
in S. septemcarinata.

(5) In S. glacially the coxal plates of the seventh thoracic segment extend
backwards as far as the pleural plates of the third abdominal somite, and not quite so
far as those of the second abdominal somite. In S. septemcarinata the coxal plates of
the seventh thoracic segment are much shorter than the pleural plates of the third
abdominal segment, which in turn are equal to those of the second.

(6) In S. glacialis the last somite of the abdomen bears anteriorly a prominent
median dorsal spine, which is not present in S. septemcarinata. The latter has seven
cariuae on the last segment of the abdomen, while S. glacialis has but five. Moreover,
the shape of the abdomen differs considerably in the two forms.

(7) In S. glacialis the outer branch of the uropods is much shorter than the inner.
In S. septemcarinata the two branches are much more equal in size and broader than
in .S. t/liK'iiiUx.

S. glacialis, like the majority of species of the genus, has the terga of the first
three free thoracic somites separated by a suture from their coxal plates. This character
serves to separate it from S. scJn/thei, Liitken, S. paradoxa, Fabr., and S. polar is,
Rich., which have the first four free thoracic coxal plates separated by a suture, and
from 8. gracilift, Bedd., and S. lafifrons, White, in which the number is five and six
respectively.*

S. glacialis is also separated readily from the Australian group of species,
S. tuberculata, Grube, S. pallida, Bedd., S. australiensis, Bedd., S. elungata, Bedd.,
S. longicaudata, Bedd., 8. i/iiinita, Bedd., and S. baker i, Chilton, in.that the tergum of
the fourth free thoracic somite is not unduly narrow, and that of the fifth free thoracic
somite is not obsolete in the middle dorsal region. From the remaining species of the
genus the characters of the last abdominal segment and of the uropods will serve as
distinguishing marks.*

The armature of the inner palmar margin of the propodus of the second thoracic
appendages in this genus seems to lie a matter that is not quite clear. Beddard,
speaking generally, states that there are two kinds of peculiarly formed spines regularly

* See Caiman (1920) for a suggested re-grouping of the species of this genus based on the structure
of the uropods and the segmentation of the thorax. S. glacialis belongs to Caiman's group of S. paradoxa.
The Australian species form a distinct group, and the third group comprises S. latifrons and Caiman's new
species .S. beddardi.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 231

alternating with one another, and for the species .$'. iii-nei-n, $. cum-a.m, S. minima, and
N. pallida he figures such an arrangement. Hodgson, in describing N. tri/i>/iif<>i</,'x,
Eights, gives as one of the specific characters " special spines on tlic propodus of
the second thoracic appendage consisting of sensory teeth alternating with broad
leaf-like sensory structures, of which the blade is unequally developed on the two sides
of the shaft." Hodgson gives figures of each of these spines, showing each to possess a
mid-rib terminating in a peculiar sensory structure. Collinge, on the other hand,
speaking of 6'. septemcarinata, states that he was unable to find more than one kind of
spine, which he describes as terminating in three or four finger-like processes. My
own observations agree with those of Beddard and Hodgson. I have examined the
five species in this collection from this point of view, and in all five I have found the
propodus of the second thoracic limb to be armed with two kinds of sensory spines
regularly alternating with oue another and having essentially the general structure
indicated by Hodgson. The shape of the spines varies somewhat in each species,
particularly those which Hodgson calls "leaf-like organs," which are sometimes leaf-
shaped and sometimes longer and narrower as figured by Beddard for some of his
species. I found both kinds present in S. septemcarinata (pi. VII, fig. 3), though
Collinge was only able to find one kind, the rod-like, more obviously spine-like type.

S. glacialis is here recorded from a locality which is further South than that at
which any species of the genus has been taken before. It is thus a true Antarctic
species.

37. Serolis pagenstecheri, Pfeffer.

S. pagenstecJierl, Pfeffer, 18S7, p. 73, pi. II, figs. 1, 2, pi. IV, figs. 1-3.

Oi-i'tn-rence. — Leith Harbour and Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, December, 1913,
collected by P. Stammwit/, two females.

Remarks. — The specimens respectively measure 45 mm. long by 37 mm. broad.
and 37 mm, long by 33 mm. broad. I have nothing to add to Pfeffer's description
and figures of this species, which are sufficient for its ready identification. The
species belongs to that group of the genus having the coxae of the first three free
thoracic segments separated by a distinct suture from their terga. The species has
not been recorded since Pfetfer described it, and the present specimens are from the
type locality.

38. Set-oils pvlita, Pfeffer. PI. VII, fig. 6.

S. polita, Pfeffer, 1887, p. 81, pi. II, figs. 3, 4, pi. IV, fig. 4 ; Richardson, 1906 ('2), p. 7 ;
Richardson, 1911, p. 396.

Occurrence. — King Edward Cove and Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, November
and December, 1913, collected by P. Stammwitz, five males and one female.

Remark*. — The male specimens measure 15-17 mm. in length by 14-lfi mm. in
breadth; and the female, 12mm. by 10 "5 mm. The first three free thoracic somites

VOL. III. '2 L

232 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

have their coxae separated by a distinct suture from the terga ; but in the fourth and
tifth free thoracic somites the coxae and terga are completely fused. Pfeffer's figure
is therefore inaccurate in this respect, as he shows all five free thoracic somites with a
coxal suture. I may add to Pfeffer's otherwise accurate description a note on an
interest inn difference in the sexes. The inner margins of the merus and carpus of the
third thoracic limb of the male are fringed with dense tufts of long plumose setae
(pi. VII, tig. G). In none of the other species in this collection have I observed a similar
sexual difference, but Beddard has figured a similar difference in the male of X. m/ii'i'/i.
Pfeffer's specimens came from South Georgia, as did the present ones. Richardson
has recorded it from Booth- Wandel Island and from the South Sandwich group.

FAMILY ANTHURIDAE.

KKNUS LEPTANTHURA, G. O. Sars.

39. Leptaiithura glacialis, Hodgson.

L. i/liK'lalig, Hodgson, 1910, p. 9, pi I, figs. ll;/.

( trriu'reiii'i'. — Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to McMurdo Sound,
250 fathoms, January, 1912, bottom fauna, one female with eggs in the marsupium,
10 mm.

Hi'iniirkx. — The single specimen agrees very closely with Hodgson's description and
figures, as far as it is possible to see without actual dissection, but is only about halt
the size of his specimens, though apparently adult, since it carried eggs in the marsupium.
None of the other Antarctic expeditions have met with this species.

GENUS EISOTHISTOS, Haswell.

40. ./•siti't/tixtos antarcticus, Vanhoffen.

E. untnrcticus, Vanhoffen, 1914, p. 494, text-fig. 33.

(ArHrm/rv.— Station 339, 77C 5' S., 164° 17' E.. 140 fathoms. January 24, 1912,
bottom fauna, one male, 3 ' 5 mm.

Jti'ii/iir/L-ft. — This specimen agrees very closely with Vauhoffen's description and
figures. Having only one specimen, I have not thought it advisable to dissect it and
examine the mouth-organs in more detail, though it is very desirable that this should
lie done when more material is available.

SUB-ORDER VALVIFERA.
FAMILY II H >TIIEIDAE.

GKXUS GLYPTONOTt'S, Eights.

41. Glyptonotus anlnniifUK, Eights. PI. IX, figs. 5, (>.

G. antarctu-iis. Eights, 1853, p. 331, 2 pis. ; Mievs, 1SS1, p. 1 1 ; Pfeffer, 1SST, p. 1 I 5, pi. II,
fig. 7, pi. VI, figs. 13-27; Tait, 1917, p. 2-Hi, 22 text-tigs.; C...llingc-, 1!H8, p. 65,
pis. I, II, figs. 1-12.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 233

e. — Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, December, 1913, 0-15 fathoms,
collected l>y P. Stammwit/, two males, 57 ami G2 mm., one female, 59 mm., and
twenty-one juvenile, 12-35 mm.

Stromness Harbour, South Georgia, January, 1914, collected l>v 1*. Stammwitz,
one male, 52 mm.

4lA. Gli/pti>nntus aitti'iri-tii-iis, Eights. r,ir. acutus, Richardson. 1*1. IX, tigs. 3, 4.

G. uvula*, Richardson, 1'JUtJ (I1), p. 10, pi. I, tigs. 1>-1 : Hodgson, I'.'lU. p. 45. pi. VII;
Richardson, 191.1, p. 17 ; Yanhoffen, 1914, p. •">-".

<><-i'im\'ii<'t'. — Station 220, off Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one female, 86 mm., one male, immature, (12 mm., one cast shell and
three juvenile. 8 mm.

Station Mil), off ({lacier Tongue, about 8 miles X. of Hut Point. McMurdo
Sound, 190-250 fathoms, bottom fauna, one immature. 26 mm.

Station 355, 77 4ii' S., 106° 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, three immature,
18, 39 and 53 mm.

Station 356, off Granite Harbour, entrance to McMurdo Sound, 50 fathoms, bottom
fauna, six immature, 20-56 mm.

March 1. 1911, washed up on North Bay, one male, 99 mm.
,, 29, 1912, trawl in North Bay, one male, 92 mm.

Remarks.— The differences between these two supposed species are difficult to
translate into words. The}' are differences of degree rather than differences of structure.
Richardson (1906) savs that in G. <nttar<'tlcus the body is less than twice as long as
broad, the metasome shorter than broad and its extremity obtusely pointed : while in
G. ai-atus the body is two and a half times as long as broad, the metasome longer than
broad and its extremity prolonged into a very acute point. Collinge says that
'/. itntarctiriis differs from <!. <t<-ntux \\\ its more ovoid form and shorter metasome,
which terminates much less acutely. These differences in the proportions of the body
and of the metasome simply hinge on the degree of prolongation of the extremity
of the metasome. It should be remarked at the outset that Miss Richardson's
statements of the dimensions of the two species are somewhat erroneous. From
measurements of her own figure of G. ni-utus, I make the length only 2'2 times the
breadth ; and according to Pfeffer's figure of G. antarcticus, which is one of the authorities
for Miss Richardson's remarks on that species, the metasome is 1 • 1 0 times as long
as broad.

The collections I have examined contain both species at all sixes from about 20 mm.
upwards, and from a series of measurements I have made, it is clear that the proportions
of the length to the breadth vary with age in both species. The young specimens are
proportionately longer than broad, and in both species the metasome is more pointed
and produced in young specimens than in old.

In a series of G. niitiin-tii-nn. twenty-two in number and varying in sixe from

2 I, 2

234 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

20 mm. to 59mm., I find that the length varies from 2 • 2 times the breadth in the
smallest specimens to 1'9 times the breadth in adult specimens, and that, allowing for
individual variation, there is a progressive change between these proportions as the
animal grows to the adult condition. In the same way, the length of the metasome in
these specimens varies between 1'5 times the breadth in the smaller specimens to I "2
in the largest.

Similarly in G. wiitus, the length of the body varies between 2 '45 times the
breadth in young specimens measuring about 20 mm. to 2'2 times the breadth in fully
grown specimens of 99 mm. In the same specimens the metasome is twice as long as
broad in small specimens, and only 1 ' 55 times as long as broad in the largest specimens.

It will lie seen from these measurements that the proportions of the body and of
the metasome in youny G. antarcticus are almost exactly the same as those of <>[<!
G. (ii-ittu?, and the degree of " pointedness " of the metasome is very nearly the same.
So that if we only had young of G. antarcticus and fully grown specimens of G. acutus
before us. it would lie almost natural to assume that the one would grow into the other.
On the other hand, young G. wutus and fully grown G. antarcticus are very easily
distinguishable. In the one, the prolongation of the point of the metasome is at its
maximum, and in the other it is almost obsolete.

Size for size, therefore, the two forms are distinct, and may be identified from the
measurements I have given. G. m-ufas is a stretched or drawn-out form of G. antarcticus.

A more constant distinction is to be found in the proportions of the joints of the
posterior thoracic legs. Hodgson gives as one of the specific characters of G. acutns,
" legs very long and slender," and a study of the figures given by him and Richardson
for G. actitus and the comparison of those figures with the ones given by Pfeffer and
Collinge to illustrate G. antarcticus will bring out the differences in the proportions of
the joints of both forms. The difference is even more obvious in the actual specimens.
The legs in G. antarcticus are certainly shorter and stouter than in G. m-utn*. But,
again, the differences are those of degree and not of structure. I give the actual
measurements of the last three joints of the last thoracic limbs of G. antarcticus and
G. (tfiitus, taken from specimens of comparable size, 58 mm. and 55 mm. respectively.
1 had no specimens of G. antarcticus larger than 59 mm. in the collections I examined.

G. antarcticus. — Carpus, 9 mm. long, 4 mm. broad at its widest point; propodus,
9 mm. long; dactylus, 4' 5 mm. long.

G. acutux. — Carpus, 10 '5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at its widest point; propodus.
10 '5 mm. long; dactylus, G mm. long.

These measurements give, in effect, the chief difference between the two forms.
In G. anitux, while the joints are actually longer than in G. antarcticus, their very
much narrower width emphasises the difference in length and makes the joints appear
much longer and more slender in comparison than they actually are.

( >ther differences between the two forms have been pointed out by Collinge, in the
degree of insertion of the cephalou into the first segment of the mesosome and in the

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 235

maxillae and maxillipeds. As to the first of these, Collinge's statement is based ou
Hodgson's figure, and I find the difference in this respect not so great in actuality and
negligible from a specific point of view.

With regard to the maxillae, Colliuge states that there are eleven spines mi the
outer lobe of the first pair in G. antarcticus, and only eight (or nine) in G. wutun
according to Hodgson. It has not been possible for me to examine all my specimens
with regard to this character, but in one specimen of G. acutns I found eight spines on
the outer lobe of the first maxilla, and in another specimen ten spines, so that the
number would appear to be subject to some variation.

One other difference may be mentioned for what it is worth. Pfeffer figures the
appendix masculiua on the second pleopod of the male of G. antarcticus as extending
backwards to the level of the end of the rami of the third pleopods. The only adult
male of this species available in the material at my command agrees with Pfeffer's
figure in this respect. In the two adult males of G. acutus in this collection the
appendix masculiua on the second pleopod is relatively much longer, and extends
as far backwards as the tip of the outer branch of the uropods.

It may here lie noticed that G. acutn* appears to mature later than G. antarcticus,
and eventually to reach a larger size. In a male G. antarcticus of 52 mm. the pemal
appendages on the sternum of the first abdominal somite are present, but there is no
appendix masculina on the pleopods. A male measuring 58 mm. is fully adult in both
respects. A male specimen of G. acutux, 62 mm., is still without the appendix
masculina on the second pleopods. Unfortunately, I have no males between this
size and 92 mm., so that I am unable to say at what size it really becomes fully
mature.

My largest specimen of G. antarcticus is an adult female measuring 59 mm.
Pfeffer's longest specimen was 62 mm., but Colliuge gives the length of his largest
specimens as 88 mm. On the other hand, the largest specimen of G. acutus in this
collection is 99 mm. Hodgson gives the maximum length of his specimens as 119 mm.,
30 mm. larger than the biggest G. antarcticus yet recorded.

As Tait (1917) has already noted, G. antarcticus is a shallow water form. The
" Scotia" specimens were invariably taken in water of less than 12 fathoms, while the
specimens in the present collection are from depths of less than 15 fathoms. On the
other hand, Richardson records G. acutus from the shore to 38 fathoms ; the " Scotia "
collected it in 161 fathoms ; Hodgson gives the depth as 20-125 fathoms ; Vauhdffeu
examined a single specimen from 208 fathoms ; while the specimens I have examined
were obtained in depths varying from 45-300 fathoms.

As a result of these considerations I think that we can best express the relationships
of these two forms by regarding G. acutus as a variety of G. antarcticus, inhabiting
colder and deeper water, growing to a somewhat larger size and maturing later, and
distinguished in general form by its less robust proportions, slenderer legs and more
pointed apex to the metasome. It is in that light that I have regarded it here.

236 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

FAMILY ARCTURIDAE.

GENUS ANTARCTURUS, zur Strassen.

This genus seems to lie separated from the genus Arcturus liy the following
characters: — (l) The coxal plates of the first free thoracic segment are not produced
downwards and forwards to cover the mouth-parts and the liases of the first two
thoracic limbs ; and (2) the dactylus of the second to the fifth thoracic limli is long and
well developed, whereas in An-turu* it is quite small.

In the light of Hauseu'.s recent work on the Northern forms belonging to this
family, I may state that I have found four pairs of incubatory lamellae in A. yWrov'.v,
Hodgson, J. franklin i, Hodgson. .1. /tii'ii/idix, Hodgson, and A. furcatus, Studer.

Of the other species present in the collection there was not sufficient material to
make an investigation on this point. It may be noted, however, that Miss Richardson
found four pairs in the genus Dolichiscus. Hauseu's surmise, that four pairs ot
incubatory lamellae will be found to be a very general character of the group, therefore
receives considerable support from the Antarctic species. I have also found the sexual
differences, noted by Hansen in the rnaxillipedes of Astacilla, occurring in each of the
four species I have mentioned above.

The curious structure of the exopods of the first pleopods of the male in this genus
does not appear to have been adequately noticed. In all the species I have examined
the exopod of the first pleopod in the male (pi. VIII, figs. 1, 2) has, on its inner or
posterior surface, an oblique groove or channel, running from the inner proximal corner
to the outer distal corner; the channel tends to become closed in distally to form a
distinct tube, and the aperture or outlet is roofed over by a peculiar process on the
outer distal corner of the outer or anterior surface. The pair of pcnial filaments usually
found on the sternum of the last thoracic somite of the male in Isopods are in this
family fused into a single tapering process showing faint traces of its two component
parts distally and situated on the first abdominal somite*. In this genus the process
extends to the distal end of the basal joint of the first pleopods. The oblique
groove on the inner face of the exopods is, I take it, merely a channel for the
passage of spermatozoa from the peuial filament ; and the appendage is comparable
in this respect to the first pleopod of the male in crayfishes, which is an appendage
modified into tubular form to act as a passage for the male sexual elements. In the
crayfishes, however, the first pleopod of the male is a simple styliform process
consisting of the fused protopodite and endopodite. Here it is the exopod which is
modified in connection with the sexual apparatus. In Dolichiscus the exopod of the
first pleopod of the male is rather more specialised. The inner face is very concave and
the distal portion bent inwards, so that the whole exopod looks like a spatula or

* Barnard (1920) has recently pointed out that in the Valvit'era the penial processes are situated
on the first abdominal somite and not on the last thoracic somite as in all other Isopoda.

TAXAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 237

elongate spoon. The oblique groove is very well marked. This interesting structure
has not been noted previous! v in this family of Isopods. but Barnard's figure of the
first pleopod of the male in Antarcturus kladophoros (11)14. pi. XVIII B. j'lp. /)
makes it fairly obvious that a similar modification is present in that species, and his
figure of the same appendage in Neoarcturus ou<l«i>s (1914, pi. XIX B. /'lj>. 1) suggests
a similar structure. I have found it in all the species of Antarcturus and Dolichiscus
in the present material.

Ohliu (1901) has instituted the family Pseudidotheidae* for the species Pseudidothea
fmitiiii'i-!, Ohliu, entirelv on the grounds of the modification of the first pleopods of the
male as accessory sexual organs. An examination of his figure shows a structure which
is in every way similar to that described above for the genus .\iitnriinrii.f, the groove
on the lower surface of the exopod being well shown. It is a fact of considerable
interest that the same modification of the first pleopods of the male should be
developed in two distinct families.

42. Anturcfnnix ],»l<iri* (Hodgson). PL Till, figs. 3, 4.

Arctimis polnrix, Hodgson, 1902, p. 247, pi. XXXI V. fig. 2. pi. XXXV.
Antarcturus polaris, Richardson, 1913, p. 9.

Occurrence.- Station 2:20. oft' Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50
fathoms, bottom fauna, over seventy specimens, the largest male 43 mm., the largest
female 38 mm.

Station 294, Ross Sea, 74° 25' S., 179° 3' E., 158 fathoms, bottom fauna, one adult
female, 33 mm.

Station 314, 5 miles N. of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound. 222-241
fathoms, bottom fauna, two males, 40 and 42 mm.

Station 355, 77° 46' S., 166° 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 3(3 mm.,
sixteen immature.

Station 356, off Granite Harbour, McMurdo Sound, 50 fathoms, bottom fauna, one
male, 28 mm.

Ii'i'ii/itrk*. — The essential spiny armature of this species can be seen in pi. VIII.
figs. 3 and 4, representing a young male, 20 mm. The fully grown specimens differ
from this figure only in the greater development of small spines or spiny tubercles on
different parts of the body, especially between and around the lateral and coxal spines
of the first four free thoracic, somites and on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the
abdomen. These differences can be seen on a comparison of ray figure with that given
bv Hodgson. The large spines arming the body remain more or less constant in
position and number throughout life, but with the more robust form of the adult they

* Collinge has doubted the validity of this family, and I was inclined to agree with him, but
Barnard (1920) has recently given further reasons for its maintenance. He has described a second
o-enus and species belonging to the family, Hol'uloten unicorn in, which has the first pleopod of the male
modified in a similar manner to that here described.

238 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

appear smaller than in the young. Miss Richardson has noted similar differences in
the specimens she examined, and has rightly interpreted them as due to age. The
specimen I have figured agrees very well with the small specimen mentioned by
Hodgson from 60 fathoms, oft' Duke of York Island. There does not appear to be any
well-marked difference in the armature of the male and female.

The terminal spines of the abdomen in this species are about one-tenth of the
length of the body. There is a well-marked pre-ocular spine on the lateral corners of
the head.

The second antennae in fully grown specimens are about equal to the length of the
bodv. The second joint of the peduncle is short, and bears a spine on the dorsal surface
of the anterior margin, a stronger and longer spine on the outer distal corner and a
smaller spine behind the latter. The third joint is less than half as long as the fourth
joint, and bears three small spines on the inner margin and three larger spines on the
outer margin, including the spine on the outer distal corner, which is the strongest and
laro-est of the series. The fourth joint has the outer distal corner produced into a
prominent spine. The fifth joint is one and a quarter times as long as the fourth joint,
and equal in length to the Hagellum, which is composed of thirteen joints.

The third thoracic limb has the outer corners of the fourth and fifth joints
produced into a spine. The fourth and fifth thoracic limbs have similar spines on the
third, fourth and fifth joints. The second joint of these limbs has at least one
prominent spine and generally two or three small spines on its outer surface.

The sixth, seventh and eighth thoracic limbs have a few stout spines on the outer
face of the second joint, a strong spine on the hinder distal corner of the third joint, a
similar spine on the outer distal corner of the third joint, a double row of small spinules
on the front edges of the third, fourth and fifth joints, and a single row of about eight,
small spines on the front edge of the sixth joint.

The largest specimens reach a length of 43mm., which is 6mm. larger than the
specimens recorded by Hodgson. It is the most abundant species in the present
collection, and appears to have the centre of its distribution in comparatively shallow
water, about 50 fathoms, at which depth it was most abundant. It is a matter of
some surprise that no specimens were collected by the "Discovery" ; and, indeed, only
one other expedition, the " Pourquoi Pas? " has met with this species.

43. AntniTturitx ftimifux (Studer). PI. VIII, figs. 1, 2.

Arcturus fun-atns, Studer, 18S2, p. o7 ; Studer, 1884, p. 12, pi. I, figs. 3n-c ; Becklanl,

1886 (-2), p. 85.
Antnrctiirus furcntux. mr Strassen, 1902, p. 68(i.

<')<'<-iirren<-e. — -Station 220. off Cape Adare, mouth of Robertson's Bay, 45-50
fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 29mm., one juvenile, 24mm.

Station 314, 5 miles N. of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound. 222-241
fathoms, bottom fauna, twenty specimens, largest female 40 mm., largest male 32mm.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA -TATTERSALL. 239

Station 348, off Barne ({lacier. Mt-Murdo Si mud. 200 fathoms, bottom fauna, two
females and one male. 26-33 mm.

Station 355, 77° 40' S., 1G6C 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, fifteen females and
ten males. 24--3S mm.

Ju'in<n'/LX. — This species is very closely related to A. /<«A//'/X Hodgson, liut may lir
distinguished from that species l>y the different armature of the body, the longer second
antennae, and the longer terminal spines on the abdomen.

In -I. furcatus the longest and most conspicuous spines on the body are those on
the head, on the coxa! plates and on the basal joint of the thoracic limbs. There are
no specially large spines on the thorax, as in A. f/olaris, but the thorax and abdomen
are much more densely covered by small, sharp, backwardly directed spines than in
Hodgson's species. Studer's figure gives a very good general idea of the arrangement
of these small spines. On the head there is a pair of long flattened and outwardly
directed spines, behind which is a row of small spiuules. There is a prominent pre-
oeular spine on the antero-lateral corner of the head.

The terminal spines of the abdomen are about one-sixth of the total length of the
body and equal to the terminal uusegmented portion of the abdomen. They are
therefore considerably longer, and in consequence more slender, than in A. polaris,
and rather longer than Studer's figure shows them.

The second antennae are longer than the bodv. about one-sixth to one-fifth longer.
In a female measuring 38 mm. without the terminal spines of the metasome, the second
antennae measure 45 mm., the third joint measuring 5 ' 5 mm., the fourth 12 mm. .and
the fifth 14 -5 mm.

These measurements give a very fair idea of the general proportions of the second
antenna in this species, from which it will be seen that it is proportionately longer
than the same appendage in ^-1. [xilm-i*. The second joint has a spine on the dorsal
face of the anterior margin and the outer distal corner produced into a strong spine.
There are three smaller spines about half-way along the joint on the dorsal and outer
face. The third joint has five small spines on the inner margin and five stronger
spines on the outer margin, in addition to the very strong spine on the outer distal
corner. The fourth joint has the outer distal corner produced into a strong spine.
The Hagellum is composed of about fifteen joints. The third thoracic limbs have one
large and two smaller spines on the front margin of the second joint, the front distal
corner of the third, fourth and fifth joints produced into a strong spine, that of the
fourth the largest, the fifth joint with a smaller spine about half-way down. In the
fourth thoracic limb there are three spines on the second joint, and in the fifth five. In
the sixth to the eighth thoracic limbs, the second joint has about seven spines on the
inner posterior margin, and six on the outer posterior margin. The third joint has two
rows of small spines on the inner front margin, about eight in number. The inner
lower distal posterior corner is produced into a long spine, and there are three smaller
spines on the outer posterior margin. The fourth and fifth joints have two rows of

VOL. in. — M

240 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

eight small spines on the first margin and the inner hinder distal corner produced into
a strong spine. The sixth joint has a single row of eight spines on the front margin,
and two prominent spines on the outer hinder margin. On the seventh joint there is a
small secondary spine near the tip of the dactylus.

There are four pairs of incubatory lamellae in the female, and the exopod of the
first pleopod of the male is modified as I have described it under the genus Antarcturus
(pi. VIII. tigs. 1. 2).

This species comes very near to A. i/fiii-inl/*. Bedd., but the latter has no pre-ocular
spines on the antero-lateral corner of the head, and the spines arming the body are
smaller, finer and much more numerous.

I have compared my specimens with those identified as A. furcatus by Beddard
from the '•Challenger" collections, and find the following differences. In the
" Challenger" specimens the spines of the body are more erect, especially the two promi-
nent ones on the cephalon, and on the abdomen there is a specially prominent spine
about half-way down on each side which is conspicuously larger than the rest. In my
specimens there is no outstanding spine of this kind on the abdomen, and Studer shows
none in his figure. Moreover, both Studer's figure and the present specimens agree in
the flattened outwardly spreading form of the cephalic horns. On the other hand,
the " Challenger " specimens agree with mine and with Studer's figures in the general
details of the armature of the body, the position of the spines and their general arrange-
ment. The present specimens are in closer agreement with Studer's figures than the
••Challenger" specimens, and the only really vital difference is in the length of the
terminal spines of the metasome, which are longer than Studer shows and more nearly
resemble those figured by Beddard in A. </liir!<il/x.

A. fnri-dtiiN is nearly as common in this collection as A. jn>/<n-i*. but in Antarctic
waters at any rate appears to be a deeper water form with the maximum of distribution
at about 200 fathoms. Studer's specimens were from Kergnelen, and the " Challenger"
records it from two or three localities near there, and from one place in the Southern
Oci-jiu at a depth of 1,675 fathoms.

44. Antarcturus franklini, Hodgson.

Arcturus franTdini, Hodgson, 1902, p. 250.

Antarrtiiriisfnnd-luii, Hodgson, 1910, p. 3S, pi. V. figs. 2, 3 ; Richardson. 1913, p. 10.

Occurrence. — Station 314, 5 miles X. of Inaccessible Island. McMurdo Sound,
222-241 fathoms, bottom fauna, three males and three females, 18-25 mm.

Station 318, hole in the ice between Cape Evans and Inaccessible Island,
95 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 16 mm.

Station 355, 77° 46' S., 166° 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, two females, 20 mm.

Remarks.— A smaller species than the last, and having the centre of its distribution
in deeper water. Unlike A. /mlui-i*, the two sexes are quite different in external aspect.
so much so that Hodgson at first described each sex as a separate species.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 241

45. Antarcturus hiemalis, Hodgson.

A. Jiitmidin, Hodgson, 1910. p. 41, pi. VI, figs. 1-le.

Oi-ntrrem-e. — Station 314. 5 miles X. of Inaccessible Islaiul. McMurdo Sound.
222-24f fathoms, bottom fauna, sixteen specimens, largest male 35 mm.. largest female
40 mm.

Station 855, 77° 4f,' S.. Ififr s' E.. 300 fathoms, liottom fauna, one male, 34mm..
one female, 32 mm.

Remarks. — This is a very distinct and easily recognisable species. There are no
well-marked sexual differences. Hodgson has already noted the growth of Hydroids.
Polyzoa, worm-tubes, etc., on the bodies of this species. The present specimens show
similar growths, and indicate a species of almost sedentary habits. With such animal-
growths all over the hodv and with its decoration of long fine hairs the animal must
be very well concealed in its environment.

4G. Aiitari'tiiru.* //7//V/, n. sp. PI. IX, fig. I.

(.k-fiirrewe. — Station 220, off Cape Adare. mouth of Robertson's Bay. 45-50
fathoms, bottom fauna, one female, 15 mm.

Station 355. 77 4li' S., Kid3 $' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male. 14mm.

Jfi'xi-n'jifinii. — The general form and sculpture of the body will be seen from
the figure of the male (pi. IX, fig. 1). The female is slightly more vaulted and swollen
in the thoracic region, owing to the development of the marsupial pouch. The bodv
is widest at the fifth free thoracic somite, which is markedlv swollen at each side above
the insertion of the legs of that somite. The body is covered by minute granules,
which extend to the antennnles and antennae. ( hi the lateral parts of the last two
thoracic somites, and on the abdomen, there are also coarser tubercles as shown in the
figure. The head is excavated in front and bears two cephalic horns, short, conical in
lateral view, more or less quadrangular in outline in dorsal view, and situated between
the eyes. There is no spine on the antero-lateral corners of the head in front of the
eves. The terminal spines of the abdomen are quite short, stout and blunt, and do not
project beyond the tip of the abdomen.

The second antennae are not quite as long as the body, the proportion being as
9 is to 10. The second joint bears a prominent spine dorsally and at the antero-
lateral distal corner. The third joint has four tooth-like spines on its outer margin.
The fourth joint is nearly twice as long as the third, and the fifth joint one and one-third
times as louo- as the fourth. Both joints are without prominent spines. The rlagellum
is about one-half times the length of the fifth joint, and composed of seven joints.

The third, fourth and fifth thoracic limbs have the outer distal corners of their
second, third and fourth joints spiniform. and their front margins clothed with long-
setae. The sixth, seventh and eighth thoracic limbs are shorter and stout in build.

2 M 2

242 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

with one or two blunt spines on the hind margin of the second joint, the outer and
hinder corner of the fourth joint spiniform, a row of small spines on the inner front
margins of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth joints, and a small claw at the tip oi the
seventh joint. There are four pairs of incubatory lamellae in the female, and the
exopod of the first pleopods of the male is modified in the way 1 have described lor the
genus as a whole.

This species is most nearly allied to A. r<>j>/>iit</<'ri. Miers. and A. antarcticus,
Bonvier. It is distinguished from liotli these species by its smaller size, by the
presence of two distinct though small cephalic horns, and by the greatly reduced
length of the terminal spines of the abdomen.

47. Antarcturus horriiliift, sp. nov. PI. IX, tig. '2.

Ui-cnrrence. — Station :!I4, f> miles N. of Inaccessible Island. McMurdo Sound.
•J'J'J-241 fathoms, bottom fauna, two males, 18mm. (types).

Station 355, 77° 46' S., 106° 8' E., 300 fathoms, bottom fauna, one male, 16 mm.

Dexrrij'tiiHi. — This species is best described by a reference to pi. IX, fig. :2.
It is a very spiuous species, and it is difficult to describe the arrangement of the spines.
The most prominent feature is the pair of large upright forwardly directed cephalic
horns between the eyes, each of these horns bearing several secondary spines and
spinules. There is a prominent spine on each of the side-plates of the segments, and
in general a row of larger spines on the dorsal surface of each segment ; but the great
profusion of secondary spiuules obscures the main arrangement, The pair ot processes
at the posterior end of the abdomen are rather short, but like the cephalic horns they
bear secondary spines and spinules.

The first antennae are rather long, almost reaching the end of the third joint of
the peduncles of the second antennae. The first joint of the peduncle has a spine
on the anterior dorsal margin. The second joint is longer than the third, and the
fiagellum is equal to the second and third peduncular joints combined.

The second antennae are longer than the body, the third joint of the peduncle
nearly three times as long as the second, the fourth joint twice as long as the third but
considerably less stout, the fifth joint very long and slender, more than one and a half
times as long as the fourth : Hagellum broken in all the specimens, but composed of
more than eight rather long ami slender joints. The first four joints of the peduncle
are very spinous, but the fifth joint is without spines. The general arrangement of
the spines can be seen in the figure.

The thoracic limbs are rather long and slender and very spinous. but they arc
quite typical of the genus, and the figure shows the essential details of their form and
armature.

kx. — This species may be distinguished from all other described species of
the genus by the great development of the spines arming the body, by the large pair

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERS ALL. i'4:'.

of cephalic, horns with secondary spines, by the short terminal horns on the abdomen,
also with secondary spines, and by the very long, slender and spinous antennae. Only
male specimens occur in the collection, and they were all obtained in deep water in the
Antarctic Ocean near the Ice Barrier.

GENUS DOL1CHISCUS, Richardson.

48. Dolichiscus meridionalis, Hodo-sou.

o

AntarctttTUg meridionalis, Hodgson, 1910, p. 43, pi. VI, fig. '2.
Dolichiscus nieritliuntilis, Richardson, 1913, p. IT.

Oirurri'iu-e. — Station 314, 5 miles N. of Inaccessible Island, Mc.Alurdo Sound,
•2'2'2-2-il fathoms, bottom fauna, one adult male, :!8 mm.

lii'innr/cx. — I suspect Dolichiscus pfefferi, Richardson, will prove to be the adult
female of this species. Richardson had only a female specimen at her disposal, and
both Hodgson's single specimen and my own are males. The differences between the
two species may quite well be sexual. It should, however, be noted that there is no
trace in the above specimen of the long processes from the basal joints of the fourth
pair of thoracic legs, almost meeting in the centre, which Richardson gives as one of the
characters of the genus Dolichiscus.

GENUS NEASTACILLA, nov.

Diagnosis. — Agreeing with the genus Astacilla, Cordiner, except that (1) till-
second thoracic somite is fused with the head, and its lateral parts are not expanded
downwards and forwards to cover partially the mouth-organs : (:>) the abdomen is
uusegmented, all the segments being fused into one piece. Type, Astacilla falcland-ica,
Ohliu.

An examination of the figures given in Sars' Crustacea of Norway to illustrate the
genus Axtiif/lln will show that in this genus the second thoracic somite is, as in the
majority of Isopods, quite free from the cephalothorax and marked off distinctly by an
articulation. Moreover, its lateral parts are expanded downwards and forwards so as
partly to cover the oral area. Furthermore, Sars' figures show, ami his description
states that in this genus the abdomen is composed of two somites.

In his account of the " Challenger" Isopoda, Beddard describes a species, Astacilla
iiKir'nnifiixiH, iii which the second thoracic somite is fused with the head and not
expanded laterally to cover partially the mouth-parts, but the abdomen is described as
composed of three segments, though these segments are not shown in Beddard's figure.
Vanhoffeu has described a species, A. kerguelensis, which is very closely allied to, if not
identical with, Beddard's species; and, in his figure, the abdomen is shown to be
composed of three segments, thus bearing out Beddard's description. These two species
are closely allied to Axtacillti f<il<-/<tn<lira, Ohlin, but the composition of the pleon will
not allow them to be referred to my new genus.

244 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

ln falclandica and A. magellanica were described by Olilin in 1901, and in
both species the head is stated to be fused with the first segment of the thorax, and the
segments (>f the pleou all fused together. In the present collection there is a, single
female specimen, from New Zealand waters, which I am unable to distinguish from
A. falclandica, Olilin, and an examination of its characters has led me to decide that
the fusion of the true second thoracic somite with the cephalothorax. the fact that its
lateral parts are not expanded to cover the oral area, and the unsegmented nature of
the abdomen are characters of generic importance. I have, therefore, instituted the
geuus Neastacilla for its reception, and would refer .1. iini<i<>lhiiiifa to the same genus.

The genus Xi'iistarilln agrees with Atitartlla in having the flagellum of the second
antenna composed of three joints, in having the seventh joint of the third to the fifth
thoracic limbs represented only by a short nail, in having the last three thoracic limbs
robust and bi-uiiguiculate, and in having four pairs of marsupial lamellae.

49. N^ixfnn'//,/ f^lrlunll.-a (Ohlin). PI. X, figs. 1-3

Astacilln fuJelanilii-ti, Olilin, 1901, p. 26G, pi. XX, fig. 1 ; Stebbiny, 1 I'll 4, p. 3.VJ.

(h'ciiri'i //'v. — Station 9fi, 7 miles E. of North Cape, New Zealand, 70 fathoms,
bottom fauna, one ovigerous female, 8'5 mm.

]\<-iiHirkx. — 1 can find no valid characters to separate this specimen from
A. falclandica, Ohlin. The only difference I can find is that, whereas Ohlin describes
his specimen as without tubercles or spines, I can detect a few obscure tubercles on the
elongate somite of the thorax in mine, which I have attempted to indicate in the
figure. The whole body in my specimen is very transparent, and it is with great
difficulty that the tubercles can be seen at all. They are very low and not at all
prominent. Otherwise the specimen agrees absolutely with Ohliu's description, even
to the presence of black pigment-spots all over the body. I have figured the fifth and
eighth thoracic limbs to show their general form and structure. Stebbing has ahead v
called attention to the minute dactylus on the third, fourth and fifth pairs. The latter
author is of the opinion that A. niaij<'Il<niini, Ohlin, is synonymous with this species.
According to Ohliu, ^1. magellanica differs from .1. falclandica in its smaller eyes,
shorter and stouter second antennae, and the absence of black pigment-spots. These
differences may be sexual, but Ohlin's specimens of both species were very small, and
he does not give the sex. N. /n/f/andir/i differs from A*t<i<-ill<t /iiari/uiensis, Beddard,
and A. kert/iiflt'iixis, Vauhoffen, in having the abdomen unsegmented and without a
prominent spine half-way down its lateral margin.

The species provides further evidence of the wide distribution of some of the
Crustacea found in New Zealand waters.

GENUS PSEUDARCTURELLA, nov.

JUiiijiiiixix. — Body of the usual Arcturid form, with a marked bend between the
fifth and sixth thoracic somites ; second to eighth thoracic somites clearly marked off

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 245

and none of them (.'Imitated ; side-plates well developed on all the free thoracic
somites, but those of the second thoracic somite not expanded to cover partially
the oral area; abdomen of two segments, but two further segments indicated
laterally by grooves ; first antenna relatively long and stout, with a regular series
of sensory filaments in pairs all along the lower margin of the Hagellum ; second
antenna not very long, rather stout, Hagellum of two joints terminated by a
strong spine and not pectinate ; mouth-parts very similar to those of the genus
Arcturella, but I could nor find any coupling hooks on the maxilHpedes ; second
thoracic limb with the proximal part of the dactylus narrow and linear; third to
fifth thoracic limbs with the fourth joint not specially elongate, dactylus distinct
though small; sixth to eighth thoracic limbs not bi-unguiculate but having two
strong setae on the inner margin of the dactylus near the tip; first pleopods
of the male modified, having a secondary lobe on the inside of the exopod. Type,
/ 'xt'iidnri.'tiu'ella rliiltoni, Tattersall.

This interesting genus is distinguished from all the other genera of the Arcturidae
by the peculiar modification of the first pleopod of the male. I know of nothing quite
like it in other Isopoda, and it is a modification of quite a different order from that
found in the genus Antarcturus.

Pseudarcturella approaches the genera Arclur us, Antarctunts and Xc<ii'ctnrn* in
having the fourth free somite of the body not appreciably longer than any of the
other segments.

It differs from An-tunix in the reduced Hagellum of the second antenna and in
the non-expansion of the side-plate of the second thoracic somite to cover the oral area,
hi the last character it agrees with Antarcturus, but the latter agrees with Arcturus in
the form of the antennal fiagelluni.

Pseudarcturella agrees with Neoarcturus in the characters of the segmentation of
the thorax, in the reduced Hagellum of the antennae, and in the coxal plates of the
second thoracic segment ; but X<'iir<1iir«K has four segments in the abdomen, is without
eyes, and the body is not geniculate, while the first pleopod of the male is not
modified.

In the reduced Hagellum of the antennae Pseudarcturella approaches the
AxfiH'il/it group of genera, and among this group it approaches the genus An-tnn-lln in
the form of the second thoracic limits with their linear dactyl us. But from this group
of genera it is at once distinguished by not having the fourth live somite of the thorax
elongated. Altogether the genus is a quite peculiar one, combining characters of the
Afitat.'illii group with those of the An'turits group and strongly marked ott' from both
by the extraordinary form of the first pleopod of the male.

50 Pseudarcturella <•///'//«///, sp. nov. PI. X, figs. 4-11.

On-iin-i'in'i'. — Station 1 :55, Spirits Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, :! metres,
tow-net at night, one male, 4 • 5 mm.

246 -TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

J>i_-xi'ri//fiiin. — Body of the usual Arcturid-like shape, geniculate at the junction
of the fourth and fifth free thorack- somites; head with the anterior margin quite
straight and not excavated; eyes prominent and lulling, pigment black; head
with a pair of .small cephalic conical horns; last .seven thoracic somites clearly
marked off. none of them elongate or differing in six.e markedly from the others,
without spines or tubercles ; side-plates present on all the thoracic somites, those
of the second somite not expanded to cover the oral area; abdomen (pi. X.
tii^. 4) of two somites, but two other somites indicated laterally by grooves ;
terminal somite with a well-marked keel on each side of the median line, terminating
some way in front of the apex in small spines, the area between the keels fiat,
and the lateral ami terminal portions of the abdomen sloping sharply down
from the keels, so that in lateral view the pleon resembles the inverted keel of a
flat-bottomed boat.

First antennae (pi. X, fig. 5) rather lung and robust, extending almost to the end
of the third joint of the peduncle of the second antennae; flagellmn as long as the
peduncle, aud with sensory setae arranged in regular pairs, ten in number, the whole
way aloug the lower margin.

Second antennae (pi. X. fig. (>) robust, two and one-fifth times as long as the first :
fourth joint of the peduncle one and a half times as long as the third, fifth joint one
and a quarter times as long as the fourth ; flagellum two-thirds as long as the fifth
joint of the peduncle, composed of two joints terminated by a strong spine, none of the
joints pectinate on the inner margin.

]\Jouth-parts very much as in the genus Arcturella as figured by Sars, except
that I could not find any coupling hooks on the maxillipedes.

Second thoracic limb (pi. X, fig. 7) with the inner distal corner of the carpus
produced into a short blunt spine-like process; proximal portion of the dactylus linear
as in Arcturella, and not expanded as in Astacilla.

Third to fifth thoracic limbs (pi. X, fig. 8) with the fourth joint not elongated,
fifth joint shorter than sixth, dactylus distinct though small.

Sixth to eighth thoracic limbs (pi. X. fig. 9) robust, dactylus not bi-uugniculate
Imt witli two spmiform setae mi the inner margin near the tip.

First pleopod of the male (pi. X, fig. 10) with a specially modified lobe on the
inside of the exopod. This lobe is expanded at the base and tapers to a point,
and is only slightly shorter than the ranii of the pleopods. On its inner margin it
bears seven long plumose setae near the base, and the tip shows several transverse
thickenings of the chitin.

Second pleopod in the male (pi. X, fig. 11) with the stylet on the endopod long
and pointed, nearly twice as long as the rami.

Iti'iiHirl-x. — I have discussed the affinities of this species under the genus. There
is only one specimen, a male measuring 4 • 5 mm., but. judging from the pleopods at
least, sexually mature.

TANAIDACEA AND TSOPODA^TATTERSALL. 247

SUB-ORDER GNATHIIDEA.
FAMILY GNATHIIDAE.

GENUS EUNEOGNATHIA, Stebbing.

51. Euneognathia /////«* (Beddard).

giga*, Beddard, 1886 (1), p. 120 ; Beddard, 1886 (-2), p. 137, pi. XVIII, figs. 8-10.
Hi ;//':/«.-.•, Stebbing, 1893, p. 338, pi. XIV ; Hodgson, 1910, p. 15, pi. I, figs. 3-3fc.

Occurrence. -Station 294, Ross Sea, 74° 25' S., 179° 3' E., 158 fathoms, January
15, 1913, bottom fauna, one adult male, 12mm., one Praniza larva, 12 mm.

GENUS GNATHIA, Leach.

52. Gnat/t/ii mifurctira (Studer).

Anceus antarcticits, Studer, 1884, p. 4.
Gnathia jiolaris, Hodgson, 1902, p. 241, pi. XXXII.

Gnatlu'tt niitarctlca, Richardson, 1906 (2), p. 3 ; Richardson, 1908, p. 3 ; Hodgson, 1910, p. 11,
pi. I, fig. 2 ; Vanhiiffen, 1914, p. 486, text-figs. 23 and 24.

Occurrence. — Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to McMurdo Sound,
250 fathoms, January 14, 1912, bottom fauna, 10 males, one female, five larvae.

Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, collected by P. Stammwitz, one male, four
larvae.

Remark*. — In his report on the Isopoda of the German South Polar expedition,
Vanhoffeu (1914) has named two varieties of this widely distributed form, G. antarctica
rnntinrntallfi, a deep-water form with pale eyes found generally in deep water off
the Antarctic continent, and <'}. anfarctiiu in*i(l<(ris, a form with darkly pigmented
eyes found in shallow water among the Sub-antarctic Islands. The specimens I have
examined do not quite bear out this rigid demarcation. It is true that the specimens
from South Georgia all have dark, almost black eyes, but among those from Station 331
the larvae are all pale-eyed, but the males show considerable variation in the pigment
of the eyes, some specimens having it quite dark and of only slightly less intensity
than the shallow-water specimens from South Georgia.

53. Gnat/tin hodgsoni, Vanhiiffen.

G. hodgsoni, Vanhiiffen, 1914, p. 448, text-fig. 25.

Occurrence. — Station 331, off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to McMurdo Sound,
250 fathoms, January 14, 1912, two males.

Remarks. — Among the numerous specimens of Gnat/ila collected at Station
331, I detected two males which agree completely with Vanhoffen's description of
G. JwJi/foni. Vanhiiffen separated this specimen from G. antarctica, Studer, on (1) the
longer curved pre-ocular lobes with their armature of subsidiary spiuules ; (2) the more
spiny contour of the head and the first three somites of the body ; (3) the coarser

VOL. III.

2 N

248 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

spinules covering the anterior part of the body generally : (4) the more scanty clothing
of setae on the body. The two specimens I have referred to this species bear out
Yanhoffeu's description. They were very easily picked out from the dozen or so
< !. iinturi-tii-a which accompanied them.

54. GnutJiia iri/ni. Yanhoffen. PI. XI, figs. 1-:!.

(;. ,-aJni, Vunhntten, l'.U-l, ].. 4)0. tf.xt-tij,'. I'li.

Oi'i-iinrmr. — Station :', 14. 5 miles X. of Inaccessible Island, McMurdo Sound,
222-241 fathoms. Jan. 2:5, 1911. one female.

Station 331. off Cape Bird Peninsula, entrance to McMurdo Sound, 250 fathoms.
• Ian. 14. 1912, five males.

Iteiiuirkx. — Five males of this species were detected among the (inntliia antarctica
and G. /«->t/</x<>n! collected at Station 331. They measured from 5'5mm.-6'5 mm.,
and are thus slightly larger than Yanhoft'en's types. I have given a new figure (pi. XI.
fig-. 1) of one of these specimens for comparison with Yanhdffen's figure, since the
spinulatiou of the body seems scarcely so pronounced and rather finer than Vanhoffen
shows it to be. Otherwise the specimens are in complete agreement with Yauhdffen s
description. The species may be distinguished from the other Antarctic species of
Gnathia by the absence of hairs on the body generally, by the absence of pre-ocular
processes, by the shape of the anterior margin of the head, by the relatively longer
peduncles of the antennae and antennules, and by the form of the mandibles (pi. XI.

%. 2).

From Station 314 I obtained a single female Gnath'ni, which 1 regard as the female
of this species. It measures 5 mm. in length and is devoid of hairs on the body. It
may be distinguished at once from the females of (r. antiiniirn by the form of the
frontal process, which is very much longer and more prominent, with parallel sides and
emarginate apex. A comparison of the figure here given (pi. XI, fig. 3) of the
front part of the present female specimen with Yanhoffen's figure (1914). p. 487. text-
fig. 24/>. will bring out this distinction.

It is a matter of interest that all the three species of Gnathia in this collection
were collected together at the same station.

PRANIZA LARVAE.

Prauiza larvae were collected at the following Stations, but have not been identified
with any known species.

Station 317, hole in ice between (.'ape Evans and Inaccessible Island, 74 fathoms,
June 7, 1911, from Trematomus sp., one.

Station 338. 77° 13' S.. 164° 18' E.. 207 fathoms, Jan. 23, 1912, one.

Station 339, 77° 5' S., 164° 17' E., 140 fathoms, Jan. 24, 1912, one.

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 249

INCEETAE SEDIS.

GENUS RHABDOCHEIRUS, Bonnier.

55. Rli<tl>(l><']t<_'irnx iii<\Ttitx} Bonnier. Text-figs. 3, 4, pi. XI, figs. 4-13.
E. iiicerttts, Bonnier, IS'.iS, \>. I'.is, text-figs. 1 and I'.

Oci-urri'iice. — Station fifi, 25L 35' X.. M4: 10'W., at surface, several specimens,
• 5 mm.

Remarks. — I am indebted, for the opportunity of examining these specimens, to
Dr. Caiman, who detected them in the ili:f>ri* of the plankton from this station,
and who forwarded them to me with the suggestion that they were specimens of
Rhahdoclieirus im-ei-tii*. Bonnier. This proved to lie the case. This extraordinary
little Isopod was described by Bonnier twenty years ago. His two specimens were
found in exactly similar circumstances among the debr'm of a bottle of plankton taken
in the North Atlantic, :U° X., 10° 30' AV., at the surface. I am not able to add
much to the elucidation of the species, and I cannot suggest to what family it should
be referred. Having a large number of specimens. I have been able to dissect out the
antennae and thoracic appendages and to figure them in detail. But beyond a pair of
appendages, which I take to be maxillipedes, the mouth-parts have eluded my
search.

As Bonnier's account of this form is not readily accessible. I <_[iiote it here in full
and reproduce his figures : —

" Le petit Crustace qui fait 1'objet de cette note ue reutre dans aucune des
subdivisions actuellement admises dans la famille des Isopodes. Je u'eu ai trouve que
deux exemplaires settlement en examinaut de tres pres les re'sidus d'un bocal contenant
le produit d'une peche pelagique exe'cutee an filet de surface par le Prince de Monaco.
I'annee deruiere, au large des cotes du Maroc. ( ''est en cherdiant les larves
cryptouiscieuues d'uu Epiearide d'espece nouvelle (Aspidophryxus frontalis) parasite de
Sirilln inn rnjica, G. 0. Sars. <|ii'au milieu des debris de ce Schizopode, de larves de
Crustace's Decapodes, de poissous pelagiques, de fragments de Salpes solitaires on en
chaine, que je rencontrai ce type singulier iju'au premier aliord, par la forme ramas<L;r
de son corps et le developpemeut de (|uatre de ses paires de pattes, on aura it pu prendre
pour im Acarieu.

" Les deux exemplaires etaient identiques et mesuraient Omm. 55 dans leur plus
grande dimension; la forme geuerale du corps regulieremeut aplati et la presence de
sept paires de pattes thoraciques plus ou moins developpe'es les caracteriseut
evidemment comme Isopodes ; mais la reduction de la partie pli'-ale et 1'abseuce
complete d'appendices dans cette partie du corps, fait qui n'existe dans ce groupe que
chez quelques formes males degradees de certains Epicarides, les distinguent nettement
des sept tribus qui constituent la famille.

2 N 2

250

: TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

" Les figures ci-jointes, representant Tamma! vu par la face dorsale et re'gulierement
etale' [fig. 3] et par la face ventrale alors qu'il est legerement recnurbe sur lui-meme
[fig. 4], doiineiit uue idee suffisaute de sa forme geue'rale. La tete, completement
prive'e d'orgaues visuels, porte auterieurement uue paire de fortes auteunules formees de
six articles garuis de quelques petites soies ; uu pen plus bag est iusere'e une paire
d'autennes tout a fait rudimentaires et reduites a un seul petit article tres pen visible.
Les pieces buccales forment par leur reunion un rostre preeminent constitue par des
appendices d'aspect rudimentaire, et, pour ainsi dire, embryouuaire ; on y distingue,
sous une levre superieure, uue paire de maudibules, deux paires de maxilles et uue
paire de maxillipedes. Le thorax est forme de sept somites a peu pres d'e'gales
dimensions, sauf le septieme qui est beaucoup plus reduit que les autres. Les deux
premieres paires de pattes thoraciques sont rameuees sous la face ventrale et, comnie
les appendices bureaux, sout rudimentaires : elles sout courtes et formees de sept

B.

FIG. 2. — Bhdbdocheirus incertus, Bonnier. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view.

[After Bonnier.]

articles a peu pres semblables, sauf le dernier, le dactvlopodite, qui est plus court et
plus aigu : les deux paires suivautes sont beaucoup plus robustes et plus de deux fois
plus lougues ; le basipodite est allonge' et le carpopodite se prolouge lateralemeut par
uue forte epiue chitiueuse un peu plus courte que la moitie du propodite ; le dactvlo-
podite allonge' se termine par uue toute petite griffe. Les rinquieme et sixieme paires
de pattes ont le meme aspect et le meme developpement que les deux precedent cs,
mais elles s'en distinguent par rallongement de 1'epine du carpopodite (jiii est ici dc
la meme longueur que 1'article suivant, Eufiu la septieme paire de pattes, quoiqur
encore tres rolmste, est beaucoup plus courte que les autres : le propodite en est <;talc <>t
son extremite arroudie se projette au dela de 1'insertion du dactylopodite. I /abdomen
est court, a ]>eu pres cylindrique. avec quelques traces encore visibles de sa segmentation
primitive; il est absolumeiit depourvu d'appendices.

•• La mor|iliologie anormale de cet Isopode. 1'etat rudimentaire des antennes, des
pieces buccales, des deux premieres paires de pereiopodes, la forme si spe'ciale des

TANAIDACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTERSALL. 251

suivants, surtuut de ceux de la septieme pa ire. la reduction <lr la partie pleale. semblent
bien indiquer, a defaut d'autres renseignements e"thologiques, quo imus somme.s cu
presence d'uu type degrade par la vie parasitaire et qui, sans doute, aura ete detacke de
son hote an moment de sa capture. L'absence d'organes et de produits genitaux font
peuser a une forme jeune, mais d'autre part la regression de certains appendices, comme
la specialisation si earacterise'e de certains ant res, montre liien que c'est nn type sinon
adulte, du moins deja parfaitenient adapte a un genre de vie bieu particulier.

" Je designerai cet Isopode sous le uom de Rhabdocheirus im-fi-tii* pour rappelei- et
la conformation caracti'ristique des cinq deruieres paires de pereiopodes et I'iucertitude
ou nous sommes de son genre de vie."

My examination of this species on the whole confirms Bonnier's description. The
only point in which I differ from him is in the interpretation of the antennules
and antennae. The single-jointed appendages which Bonnier calls the antennae. I
should interpret as the antemiules. The head appears to me to be folded downwards
and backwards, and this curious bending of the head has led to the antenuules
appearing on the ventral surface of the head and actually behind the antennae. It
follows, therefore, that the appendages called auteuuules by Bonnier, 1 believe to be the
antennae.

The figures (pi. XI, figs. 4-13) which I give herewith of the appendages show
their essential structure in detail, and bear out Bouuier's account. They show specially
the sub-cheliform appearance of the dactylus of the fourth to seventh thoracic limits
and the curious form of the last pair of appendages.

The animals are, I think, almost certainly immature, and will probably prove to lie
young specimens of one of the Epicaridea parasitic on some of the Pelagic Decapoda
or Mysidacea. If so, however, the adult must probably belong to a type of Epicaridea
hitherto undiscovered, for Rhabdocheirus differs widely from any young stage of
Epicaridea yet known.

252 "TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

V.-LIST OF PAPERS REFERRED TO.

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„ 1920. "Contriluit.ions to the Crustacean Fauna of Soulli Africa. No. 6. Further

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BiiiiDAKii, F. E. — 1884. "Report on the Isopoda collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years
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„ — 1886 (1). " Preliminary Notice of the Isopoda collectcil during the voyage of H.M.S.

'Challenger; " Part III. Prof. /ool. Sou. London, 1880, Purl I, pp. 97-122.
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1873-76." Part II. " Challenger " Reports, Zoology, XVII, 17s pp, 25 pis., 1 chart.
IIOXXIUK, J. — 1898. " Sur un type nouvcau d'Isopode parasite (Bhabdocheirns incertus) (Cmsi)." Bull.

Soc. Entom. France , Annee 1898, pp. 198-200, 2 text-figs.
BOUVIKR, E. L. — 1910. " Quelques Crustaces de 1'Arnerique et des Sandwich du Sud." Rev. Chilena,

Valparaiso, Ann. XIV, pp. 178-182, text-figs. 16, 17 and 17".
,, —1911. "Notes sur les Arcturus." An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3", t. XIV,

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CALMAN, "W. T. — 1910. "On two new species of wood-boring Crustacea from Christmas Island." Ann.

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CIIILTON, C. — 1883. " Further additions to our knowledge of the New Zealand Crustacea.'"' Trans. New

Zeal. Instit., Vol. XV, pp. 69-86, pis. I-III.
,, issi. "Additions to the sessile-eyed Crustacea of New Zealand." Trans. New Zeal.

Instit., Vol. XVI, pp. 249-205, pis. XV1I-XXI.
„ — 1892. •• Notes on some New Zealand Amphipoda and Isopoda." Trans. New Zeal.

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,, —1909. "The Crustacea of the Sub-antarctic Islands of New Zealand," in "The Sub-

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,, — 1914. " The species of Limnoria, a genus of wood-boring Isopoda." Ann. Mag. Nat.

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Vol. Ill, pp. 03-7S. pis. I IV.

CUNNINGHAM, R. O. — 1871. "Notes on the Reptiles, Amphibia. Fishes, Mollusca ami Crustacea obtained
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Vol. XXVII. pp. 465-502, pis. LVIII, LIX.
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DOLLFUS, A. — 1891. "Crustaces Isopodes," in "Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn," Vol. VI, Zool.,
pp. 55-72, pis. VIII, VIIlA.

TANATDACEA AND I S<> 1 '< > 1 >A— TATTERSALL. 253

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Islands.'1 Trans. Albany lustit., Vol. II, pp. 53-57, - pis.
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the Rev. A. E. Eaton." Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), Vol. XV], pp. 73-76.
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„ — 1876 (1). •' Descriptions of some new species of Crustacea, chiefly from New Zealand."

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and 136, 3 pis.
,, —1879. "An account of the Petrological, Botanical and Zoological Collections made in

Kergueleu's Land and Rodriguez during the transit of Venus Expeditions." " Crustacea."

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H.M.S. ' Alert' in the Straits of Magellan and on the coast of Patagonia." Proc. Zool. Soc.

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,, —1913. "Crustaces Isopodes." 2' Expedition Antarctique Franchise (1908-1910), 24 pp.,

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,, — 1905. " Report on the Isopoda collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902."

Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supp. Rep. XXIII, 64 pp., 12 pis.
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,, — 1914. "Crustacea from the Falkland Islands collected by Rupert Vallentin, F.L.S."

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914, pp. 341-378, pis. I-IX and p. 944.
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Expedition." Zool. Anz., Bd. XXV, pp. 682-689, 4 text-figs.
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Gattung SeroKs von Kerguelensland." Arch. f. Naturg., XLV, Bd. I, pp. 19-34, taf. III.
„ —1882. Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1882, p. 57.

,, — 1884. " Isopoden gesammelt wahrend der Reise S.M.S. ' Gazelle ' um die Erde 1874-76."

Abhand. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1883, pp. 1-28, pis. I, II.
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THOMSON, G. M. — 1879. " On two new Isopods (Arcturus, sp., and Tanais, sp.) from New Zealand."

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. IV, p. 415-418, pi. XIX, figs. 1-6.
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TANAIDACEA AND ISOPoDA - -TATTKUSALL.

INDEX.

The more important references are indicated by black type.

acutus, Glyptonotus, 2.°>3-235.

,, „ antai-cticus, 10."., 195, 233.

Arga antarctica, 194, 211, 212.
„ arctica, 213.
,, australis, 211.
„ glacialis, 192, 194, 211, 212.
,, novi-zealandiae, 194, 213.
„ ventrosa, 213.
Anceus autarcticus, 247.

„ gigas, 247.

antarctica, Aega, 194, 211, 212.
„ Cymodocea, 222.

„ Gnathia, 193, 195, 247.

Haliacris, 194, 202, 203-205.
„ Liuinoria, 195, 215.

„ Munna, 203.
antarcticus, Anceus, 247.

,, Antarcturus, 242.

„ Eisothistos, 192, 195, 232.

Glyptonotus, 193, 195, 232, 233-235.
Antarcturus, 193, 236, 245.

,, antarcticus, 242.

„ coppingeri, 242.

franklini, 195, 236, 240
„ furcatus, 192, 195, 236, 238, 240.

,, glacialis, 240.

„ hiemalis, 195, 23G, 241.

horridus, 192, 195,242.
,, kladophorus, 193, 237.

lilliei,192, 195, 241.
,, uieridionalis, 243.

polaris, 195, 236, 237, 239, 240.
Antias, 202.
arctica, Aega, 213.
Arcturella, 245, 246.
Arcturus, 236, 245.

,, franklini, 240.
furcatus, 238.
,, polaris, 237.
argentinea, Cassidias, 224.
armata, Sphaeroma, 217, 218.
armatus, Isocladus, 195, 217.
Astacilla, 236, 243, 244, 246.
„ falclandica, 243, 244.
,, kerguelensis, 243, 244.

VOL. III.

Astacilla magellanica, 211

,, marionensis, 24.1, 211.
australiensis, Serolis, 230.
australis, Aega, 211.

Cymodoce, 220, 221.
Haliacris, 203, 204, 205.
,, Notasellus, 201.
„ Nototanais, 197.

bakeri, Serolis, 230.
beddardi, Serolis, 230 n.
bituberculata, Cymodoce, 195, 221.
bonuieri, Pseudidothea, 193, 194, 237.
borealis, Cirolana, 205, 206, 209.
bovallii, lanthopsis, 200.

ealva, Gnathia, 192, 195, 248.
canaliculata, Cirolana, 102, 194, 207.
Cassidias, 22k

,, argentinea, 224.
,, danvinii, 224, 225.
Cassidiua emarginata, 223.
„ latistylis, 22"..
„ neo-zealanica, 226.

tyi'.-t, 195, 226.

Cassidinopsis emarginata, 195, 223.
Ceratothoa, 214, 215.

„ impressa, 195, 214.

Cerceis, 224.

chiltoni, Pseudarcturella, 192, 194, 195, 245.
Cilicaea, 221.
Cilicaeopsis, 221.
Cirolana borealis, 205, 206, 209.
„ canaliculata, 102, 194, 207.

cooki, 209.
,, hirtipes, 205.

intermedia, 192, 194, 205, 206.
japonica, 192, 194, 208.
„ ueglecta, 200, 207.

obtusata, 192, 104, 205.
pellucida, 192, 194, 206, 207.
sulcata, 207, 208.
contiuentalis, Guathia antarctica, 247.

2 O

25f,

"TKRRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

convexa, Serolis, 231.
cooki, Cirulana, 2n;i.
coppingeri, Antarcturus, 242.
Coulniannia frigida, 194,202.
Cymodoce austral is, 220, 221.

„ liituberculata, 195, 221.
„ (larwinii, 224.

hodgsoni, 192, 195, 219.
Cynmdocoa antarctica, 222.

darwinii, 22.°,, 225.
,, granulata, 222.
Gymodocella egregia, 222.

„ tubicauda, 195, 222.

Cymotboid, 195, 214.

darwinii, Cassidias, 224, 225.
„ Cymodoee, 224.
„ Cymodocea, 223, 225.
,, Dynamene, 22.'!, 225.

Euvallentmia, 195, 225.
Vallentinia, 225.
diuiorpbus, Nototanais, 192, 194, 197.

,, Paratanais, 1 97.

Dolichiscus, 193, 236, 237, 243.

,, meridionalis, 195, 243.

„ pfefferi, 243.

Dyuaniene, 224.

darwinii. 223, 225.
,, eatoni, 223.

Dynamenella eatoni, 195, 223.
buttoni, 223.

eatoni, Dynamene, 223.

„ Dynamenella, 195, 223.
Ectias turqueti,192, 191, 202.
rgregia, Cymodoce] la, 222.

,, Sphaeroma, 2i'L'.
Eisotbistos antareticus, 192, 195,232.
elongata, Serolis, 230.
emarginata, C'assidina, 223,

„ Cassidinopsis, 195, 223.

Euneognatbia gigas, 195, 247.
Eurydiee subtruncata, 192, 194, 209.

„ truncata, 209, 210.
Euvallentinia, 223.

„ darwinii, 195, 225.

Exosphaeroma falcatum, 192, 195, 216.
gigas, 195, 216.

falcatum, Exospbaenuna, 192, 195, 216.
falclandica, Astacilla, 243, 244.

„ Neastacilla, 192, 195, 244.

franklini, Antarcturus, 195, 236, 240.

franklini, Arcturus, 240.
frigicla, Coulmannia, 194, 202.
furcatus, Antarcturus, 192, 195, 236, 238, 240.
,, Arcturus, 238.

gigas, Anceus, 247.

,, Euneognathia, 195, 247.
„ Exosphaeroma, 195, 216.
glacialis, Aega, 192, 194, 211, 212.
,, Antarcturus, 240.
„ Leptantbura, 195, 232.
„ Serolis, 192, 195. 228.
Glcissnbius linearis. 211.
Glyptonotu.s acutus, 233-235.

antarcticus, 195, 232, 233-235.
„ „ acutus, 193, 195, 233.

Gnatbia antarctica, 193, 195, 247.
„ „ cniitiiu-iitalis, 247.

,, „ insularis, 247.

calva, 192, 195, 248.
„ hodgsoni, 195, 247.
,, polaris, 217.
gracilis, Serolis, 230.

„ Tanais, 194, 197, 198.
granulata, Cymodocea, 222.

Haliacris, 203, 204, 205

„ antarctica, 194, 202, 203-205.

„ australis, 203, 204, 205.

,, ueozealanica, 204, 205.
biemalis, Antarcturus, 195, 236, 241.
birtipes, Cirolana, 205.
liodgsoni, Cymodoce, 192, 195, 219.

Gnatbia, 195, 247.
Holiilotra unicornis, 2.'!7 n.
borridus, Antarcturus, 192, 195, 242.
buttoni, DynaniPnclla, 223.

lantbc, 199.

lantbopsis, 194, 199, 200.
bovallii, 200.

„ liblieyi, 199.

„ sarsi, 202.

latbrippa longicauda, 200.
impressa, Ceratothoa, 195, 214.
incertus, Rhabdocbeirus, 195, 249.
insularis, Gnatbia antarctica, 247.
integer, Isocladus, 219.
intermedia, Cirolana, 192, 194, 205, 206.
lolantbe, 199.
Inlflla, 199.

,, sarsi, 202.
Isocladus armatus, 195, 217.

TANAIUACEA AND ISOPODA— TATTEESALL.

257

Isocladus integer, 219.

,, spiniger, 217, 21*.
„ tristensis, 219.

Janira, 199, 200, 202.

„ longicauda, 194, 200.

„ sarsi, 202.

„ tricornis, 199.
japnnica, Cirolana, 192, 194, 208.

kerguelensis, Astacilla, 243, 244.
kladophorus, Antarcturus, 193, 237.

latifrons, Serolis, 230.
latistylis, Cassidina, 223.
Leptanthura glacialis, 195, 232.
libbeyi, Ianthopsis,199.
lilliei, Antarcturus, 192, 195, 241.
Limuoria antarctica, 195, 215.
linearis, Glossobius, 214.
litoralis, Tanais, 198.
longicauda, lathrippa, 200.

„ Janira, 194, 200.

longicaudata, Serolis, 230.

maculata, Munna, 194, 202.
magellanica, Astacilla, 244.

„ Neastacilla, 244.

marionensis, Astacilla, 243, 244.
Meinertia, 215.
ineridionalis, Antarcturus, 243.

„ Dolichiscus, 195, 243.

miiiuta, Serolis, 230, 231.
Munna, 202, 204, 205.

,, antarctica, 203.

„ maculata, 194, 202.

„ ueozealanica, 204.

neaera, Serolis, 231.
Neastacilla, 243, 244.

falclandica, 192, 195, 244.
,, magellauica, 244.

neglecta, Cirolana, 206, 207.
Neoarcturus, 245.

oudops, 194, 237.
neozealanica, Cassidina, 22d.

Haliacris, 204, 205.

Munna, 204.
Notasellus australis, 201.

Notasellus sarsi, 194, 201.
Nototanais australis, 197.

diinurplius, 192. 194, 197.
novae-zealandiae, Tanais, 194, 198.
novi-y.ealaudiae, Aega, 194, 213.

obtusata, Cirolan.i, 192, 194, 205.
ohlinii, Tanais, 198.
oudops, Neoarcturus, 194, 237.
ovalis, Serolis, 227.

pagenstecheri, Serolis, 195, 231.
pallida, Serolis, 230, 231.
Paracerceis, 224.
paradoxa, Serolis, 230.
Paratanais dimorphus, 197.
pellucida, Cirolaua, 192, 194, 206, 207.
pfettV-ri, Dolichiscus, 243.
Plakarthrium punctatissimum, 215.

„ typicuin,195, 215.

polaris, Antarcturus, 195, 23(1, 237, 239, 240.

,, Arcturus, 237.

,, Gnatbia, 247.

,, Serolis, 227, 230.
polita, Serolis, 195, 231.
Praniza larvae, 248.
Pseudarcturella, 193, 244.

chiltoni, 192, 194, 195, 245.
Pseudidothea bonnieri, 193, 191, 2:!7.
puuctatissiinum, Plakarthrium, 215.

quadricarinata, Serolis, 227.

Rbabdocbeirus incertus, 195, 249.

sarsi, lantbopsis, 202.
„ lolella, 202.

„ Janira, 202.
„ Notasellus, 194, 201.
scbythei, Serolis, 195, 227, 230.
Scutuloidea, 22.\

septemcarinata, Serolis, 195, 227, 229, 230, 2:51.
Serolis australieusis, L'.'lo.

„ bakeri, 230.

„ beddardi, 230 u.

,, coiivexa, 231.

,, elongata, 2 .'id.

„ glacialis, 192, 195, 228.

„ gracilis, 230.

258

TERRA NOVA" EXPEDITION.

Scndis latifrons, 230.

,, longicaudata, 2.">o.

„ iniuuta. 230, 231.

,, neaera, 231.

,, ovalis, 227.

„ pageustecberi, 10."), 231.

„ pallida, 230, 231.

„ paradoxa, 230.

„ polaris, 227, 230.

,, polita, 105, 231.

„ quadricarinata, 227.

„ schytbei, 195, 227, 230.

„ septerncarinata, 105, 227, 220, 230, 231.

„ trilobitoides, 231.

,, fcuberculata, 230.
Spliacroma armata, 217, 218.
„ egregia, 222.

,, spinigera, 217, 2 IS.

spiniger, Isocladus, 217, 218.
spinigeni, Sphaeroma, 217, 218.
subtruncata, Eurydice, 192, 194, 209.
sultata, Cirolaua, 207, 208.

Tanais gracilis, 194, 197, 198.

„ litoralis. 10S.

„ novae-zealandiae, 191, 198.

„ ohlinii, 198.
Tole, 199.

tricornis, Janira, 199.
trilobitoides, Serolis, 231.
tristensis. [socladus, 21!).
truncata, Eurydice, 200, 210.
tuberculata, Srn>]K. 230.
tubioauda, Cyinodocella, 195, 222.
turqueti, Ectias, 192, 194, 202.
typii, Cassidina, 195, 226.
typicum, Plakarthriuin, 195, 215.

unicornis, Holidotea, 237 n.

Valleutinia, 223.

,, darwiuii, 225.

ventrosa, Aega, 213.

LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM I.L"HK> AMi ~.).NS, LIMITKD, DUKE STl'.KET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E.I, AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W 1.

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. I.

PLATE I

ix ii"r,ti_-;:,_«l<ntdute, G. M. Thomson (1).

FIG. 1. — Second thoracic limb of male. X -0.

FIG. L'.— Third „ „ „ X 20.

FIG. 3.— Fifth „ „ „ X -20.

FIG. 4.— Eighth „ „ „ X -'0.

FIG. 5. — Uropod. x -0.

Jniili'it longicauda, Chiltou.
Fie,. 6 — Ovigerous female, dorsal view, x 25.

lantJtopsis, sp.

FIG. 7. — Male, dorsal view. x 17.

FIG. 8. — Second thoracic limb, x 35.

Yic,. 9. — Distal part of the median lamellae of the operculum of the male.

FIG. 10. — Endopod of the second pleopod of the male, x 35.

Manna iiiiicnlata, Beddard (?).

FIG. 11. — Distal part of the second thoracic limb of the female, x 95.
FIG. 12.— Uropod. x 660.

Fi<;. 13. — Median lamellae of the operculum of the male, x 95.
fIG. 14. — Distal part of the second thoracic limb of the male. X "4.

ILi/ii/i-rts antarfiica, Pfeffer.

FIG. 15. — Distal part of the second thoracic limb of a young male from St. 220. x
FIG. 16. — Second thoracic limb of a sub-adult male from S. Georgia. X 24.

Crustacea,PartVI,Pl.I.

i

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6
o
J

3

X.

n

H
to

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. II.

PLATE II.

Haliavris anlnrcttca, Pfeffer.

Fie. 1. — Second thoracic liinb of an adult male from S. (ieorgia. x 24

FIG. 2.— Uropod. X -lim.

FIG. 3. — Median lamella of the operculum of the male, x 74.

Cirolana pellucida, n. sp. [St. 130.]

FIG. 4. — Adult female, dorsal view. x7'">.

FIG. 5. — Antemiule. x 40.

FIG. 6. — Antenna. x 40.

FIG. 7. — Second thoracic limb, x 2o.

FIG. 8.— Eighth „ „ x 20.

FIG. 9. — Telson and uropods. X 22.

FIG. 10. — Second pleopod of the male. X 16.

Cirolana japonica, Hansen. [St. 110.]

FIG. 11. — Anteiinule of the female, x 20.

FIG. 12. — Antenna „ „ x 12.

FIG. 13. — Second thoracic limb of the female. x 25.

FIG. 14.— Eighth „ „ „ x 2.-..

FIG. 15. — Second pleopod of the male, x 40.

FIG. 16. — Telson and uropods of the female. x 2">.

Crustaceeu,Pa.r-tVI,Pl.II

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. III.

PLATE TIT.

Cirolana canallculata, n. sp. [St. l.'U.j

Via. 1. — Lateral view of the female, x 17.

Fin. '1. — Antenmile of the female. X 40.

Fid. '.''. — Antenna „ ,, X 40.

Fid. -I. — Second thoracic limli of the female. X I".

Fie. o.— Eighth „ „ „ < 40.

Fid. 6. — Second pleopod of the male. x 40.

Fid. 7. — Epistomr.

Fid. 8. — Telson and uropods of the female. X 10.

Eitri/d /'<•<.' subtruncata, u. sp. [St. 89.]

FIG. 9. — Antennule of the female. X 40.

Fid. 10.— „ „ male. X 40.

Fid. 11. — Peduncle of the antenna of the female. X 40

FIG. 12. Second thoracic limb of the female.

Fid. 1.",.— Eighth

Fid. 14. — Second pleopod of the male. X 40.

Fid. IT). — TJropod of the female. x 40.

Fie. 16. — Epistome (clypeus).

Fid. 17.— Telson of the" female. x 40.

Brit,. Antarctic (Terra, Nova) Exped.1910.
Brit.Mus. (Nat.Hist.) Zoology, Vol. III. Crustacea.Part VI, Pl.III.

15.

. VldoTV

Crustacea, Part VI, PL IV.

PLATE IV.

Ari/ii iiliii'iii/lx. n. sp. [St. -""I". |

Fit;. 1. — Female, dorsal view. X -.

FIG. l'. ,, lateral view. x '-'.

K,,:. :'>. Head from in t'i-ont to sliow the eyes and the distance between them. X 2

Fin. 4. — K]iistoinc.

Fin. •">. — I'i'ilnnclr of the anteimule.

Fl(J. 0. — „ ., ant<'iina.

FlG. 7. — Maxilliprdr.

Ftc. iS. Second thoracic.- limb. X •">•

KM.. 9.— Sixth „ „ X ">.

Fir:. 10. — Second nlcojiod of the male.

.li'ijit novi-zealandiae, l>ana.

F]G. n. _ ^laxillipede. X -'0.

Fie. 12. — Second thoracic limb. x I".

FII:. l:i. Eighth „ „ •; 10.

Fir:. 14. — Telson and nrni«irl.s. X 10.

Brit Antarctic. (Terr a Nova) Exped. 1910.
Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist.) Zoology.Vol.III. Crustacea.,? art, VI.P1 .IV.

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1.

11.

14.

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. V

PLATE V.

Fi

Fi

i. . •">. Antennule. x 40.

Fi
Fir

Fi.

Fir
Fi.

Fl.
Fl.

Fi.
Fi.
Fi.
Fi.
Fi.

ExospJiaeroma falcatum, n. sj>.

1. — Male, dorsal view. x I".

1'. — Tels.m and uropods nf the female. X 40.

4. — Antenna. x 40.

5.- Second thoracic liml). :-. In.

6.- Eighth x |u.

7. — Second pleopod uf the male. x 40.
8. — Epistome.

I^n-hniiiy (ii-iiiiiliis (Milue-Edw.).

FIG. 9. — Adult male, dorsal view, x

10.-- ., female, ,, ,, x 's.

11. — Young male, „ ,, x 8.

12. — Antennule. X !•'>.

Ki. — Antenna. X 13.

1 k -Second thoracic liunb. x -".

15.— Eighth „ „ « I'll.

16.— -Second jilenji.nl .,f the male. X -().

Fn;. 17. — ?]jiistome.

Brit. Antarctic (Terra. Nova,) Exped.1910.
Brit.Mus.(Nn.t.Hist.) Zoology, Vol. III. Crustaceau.Part VI.P1.V

O.S.T. del. a,d nat.

-i n 4on.

Crustacea, Part VI, PL VI.

PLATE VI.

Guntodoce hodgsoni, n. sp.

Fin. 1. Adult male, dorsal view. X 10.

Fir:. -2.— „ „ lateral vie\v. X 10.

Fir:. 3. Kjiist ..... e.

Fir;. 4. — Antenuule.

EH:. 5. — Antenna.

Fin. 0. — Second thoracic linili.

Fir,. 7. — Uro]ioil.

Fie. 's. Second jilcojiod of the male.

liifi' HtHhrrniliiln, Filhol ('.). [St. I

Fie. t). — Female, lateral vie\v. X l'-">.

]^j(;_ ]u. — Telsou and uropods of the male.

FHI. 11. Kjiistome.

FKI. 12. — Anteiimde. x 40.

Kir;. 13. — Antenna. X 40.

Fir;. 14. — Second thoracic liml>. X -10.

Kir:. I.').— Eighth X 40.

Brit. Antarctic (Terra Nova) Exped.1910.
Brit.Mus.CNat.Hist.) Zoology, Vol. III. Crustacea,PartVI,Pl.VL

O.S.T. daladna-t.

15.

Huth, London

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. VII.

VOL. III.

2 Q

PLATE VIT.

Serollx ijl/i/'/iil/a, n. sp.

FIG. 1. — Adult male, dorsal view. x 5.

FIG. 2. — Second thoracic litnli of male. x 10.

FIG. 3. — „ „ ,, „ portion of the palmar margin of the propodus. X 05.

FIG. 4.— Third „ „ „ x 10.

FIG. 5.— Fourth „ „ „ x 10.

Scrolls pollta, Pfeffer.
FIG. G. — Third thoracic limb of the male.

Brit. Antarctic (Terra Nova) Exped.1910.
Brit.Mus.(Nat.Hist.) Zoology, Vol. III. Crustacea.PartVl.Pl VII.

0 S T j f I a , ) 1 ! • '. 1

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. VIII.

PLATE VIIT.

Antarcturus furcatus (Studer). [St. 314.]

jrIG 1. — Exopod of the first pleopod of tlie male viewed from the lower posterior surface. X 25.
FIG. 2. — Distal portion of the same viewed from the anterior surface. X 25.

Antarcturus polaris (Hodgson). [St. 220.]

FIG. 3. — Immature specimen, dorsal view, x 5.
FIG. 4. — lateral view, x 5.

Brit.Anta.rct.ic (Terr a Nova) Exped.1910.
Brit.Mus.(Na.t.Hist.) Zoology, Vol. III. Crustacea PartVl.Pl.VIII

3.

O.S.T. del a,dnat.

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. IX.

PLATE IX.

Antarcturus lilliei, n. sp. [St. .">.">."(.]
Fi(t. 1. — Male, dorsal view. x 7.

Antarcturus Jmn-iiJug, u. sp. [St. 314.]
FIG. '2. — Male, lateral view. x 7.

Glyptonotus <ntt<n-cti<-iix, Eights, var. ac/itus, Kichardson.

FIG. 3. — Telson of a young male, 23 mm. [St. .°i5li.] x '2.

FIG. 4.— „ an adult male, 99 mm. [North Bay.] Natural size.

Glyptonotus antareticus, Eights. [Cumberland 15ay.]

Km. •>. — Telson of a young male, 12-."> mm. x -.

I'^iii. 6. — „ an adult male, 62 mm. Natural size.

Crustacea, Part VI, PI. IX.

3

at

t

r

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Crustacea, Part VI, PI. X.

PLATE X.

Neastitcilla fnldnnd'a-a (Ohlin).

]M<:. 1. — Adult female, lateral view. X 15.
Fi<;. --'.—Fifth thoracic limb. X -•">.
FIR. 3.— Eihth „ „ X 25.

cltiltoni, gen. et sp. nov.

JTI(;. 4. — Urosome, lateral view, dorsal side uppermost, uropods omitted. x 33.

FIG. 5. — Antennule. x 33.

FIG. 6. — Antenna, x 33.

FIG. 7. — Second thoracic limb. x 33.

FIG. 8.— Fifth „ „ X 33.

FIG. 9.— Eighth „ „ X 33.

FIG. 10. — First pleopod of the male. X 33.

FIG. 11. — Second „ X 33.

Brit. Ant arc tic (Terr a Nova) Exped. 1910.
Brit Mus. (Nat .Hi st.) Z oology, Vol,III. Crustacea,? art V1.P1.X.

O.S.T ,3el id i-.at.

'-ndon.

Crustacea, Part, VI, PI. XI.

•J i:

PLATE XI.

(iniitliiii citlnt, Vanhuiieii.

Fn;. 1.- -Adult male, dorsal view. [Sr, 331.] X 20.

Fie. 2. — Mandible of male, x 40.

FIG. ."..—Anterior end of female. [St. 314.] X 20.

Bhdbdacheirus inccrtus. Bonnier.

FIG. 4. — Antennule. X 495.
Fn;. 5.— Antenna. X 300.
FIG. 6.— Maxillipedes. X 300.

FIG. 7. — Second thoracic limb. X 300.

FIG. 8.— Third ,, „ X 300.

FIG. 9.— Fourth „ „ X 300.

FIG. 10.— Fifth „ „ X 300.

FIG. 11.— Sixth „ „ X 300.

FIG. 12. —Seventh „ „ X 300.

FIG. 13.— Eif'hth X 300.

Crustanea,,PartVL,Pl.XI.

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a

o