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THE

CRUSTACEA AND ECHINODERMATA

OF THE

PACIFIC SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY

WILLIAM STIMPSON.

[EXTRACTED FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF
NATURAL HISTORY, VOL. VI.] +

RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE:
PRINTED BY H. 0. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY.
18957.

CRUSTACEA AND ECHINODERMATA

OF THE

PACIFIC SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY WILLIAM STIMPSON.

Part I. Crustacea.

TueErE is no part of the world in which so large acces-
sions to our knowledge of Zodlogy and Botany have been
made within the past five years, as in that part of our con-
tinent which lies west of the Rocky Mountains. The
results of the numerous government surveys, as elaborated
by Bairp and Girarp, and the investigations of Cassin,
Ayres, and the Californian naturalists, have brought to light
hundreds of new and interesting Vertebrates, while the
Insects have been extensively studied by Le Conve and the
Testacea by Goutp. The Marine Invertebrata have how-
ever as yet excited but little attention among our natural-
ists. With the exception of the descriptions of Crustacea
by Dana and Ranpatt, nothing has been done here in this
department, while in Europe several articles having more
or less relation to the subject have recently appeared in
various scientific periodicals.

It is with the view of calling attention to this interesting
division of our western fauna, and of opening a rich field,

4 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

that I have been led here to give something more than a
description of the novelties collected by Mr. Samuels ;—in
fact, to present a view of the present state of our knowledge
of the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the West Coast.*

* The following works have been consulted in the preparation of this article :

For the Crustacea :-—

Ar. Fr. Wiramann. Beschreibung einiger neuen Crustaceen des Berliner Mu-
seums aus Mexico, ete. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1836, i. 145-151.

J. W. Ranparyt. Catalogue of the Crustacea brought by Thomas Nuttall and
J. K. Townsend from the West Coast of North America, with descriptions and
Jigures of new species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, vol. viii. 1839, pp. 106-147. Pl. IIJ—VII.

R. Owen. The Zodlogy of Captain Beechey’s Voyage, Crustacea. (1839.)

M.M. Mitnn-Epwarps et H. Lucas. Description des Crustacés nouveaux ou
peu connus. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1841, ii. 461.

W. F. Ernicuson. Uebersicht der Arten der Gattung Astacus. Archiv fiir Nat-
urgeschichte, 1846, i. 86-103, 375-577.

A. Wuitre. On anew genus of Crustacea. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 1846, xvii. 497.

List of the specimens of Crustacea in the British Museum. London,

1847.

Description of Echidnocerus cibarius, a new species and subgenus of
Crustacea. Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, 1848, p. 47 ;
Annulosa, Pl. IJ. and III.

Some remarks on Crustacea of the genus Lithodes, with a brief descrip-
tion of a species apparently hitherto unrecorded. Proceedings of the Zodlogical
Society of London, 1856, p. 132. Annulosa, Pl. XLII.

G. Newrorr. Note on the genus Atya of Leach, with descriptions of new species,
etc. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1847, xix. 158-160.

F. Branpt. Die Gattung Lithodes, Latreille, nebst vier neuen ihr Verwandten von
Wosnessenski entdeckten als Typen einer besondern Unterabtheilung (Tribus
Lithodea) der Edwards’chen Anomuren. Bulletin physico-mathématique de
Y Académie de Saint-Pétersbourg, 1849, vii. 171-175.

Vorldujige Bemerkungen ‘ber eine neue, eigenthtimliche, der Fauna

Russlands angehirige Gattung oder Untergattung von Krabben (Crustacea

Brachyura) aus der Edwards’chen Abtheilung der Corysten. Bulletin physico-

mathématique de |’ Académie de Saint-Pétersbourg, 1849, vii. 178, 179.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Amphipoden. Loe. cit., 1851, ix. 182,

310, ete.

Middendorf’s Reise in den Sibiriens, Zoblogie; Theil I. Krebse,
pp. 79-162, (1851.) P

L. R. Grsses. On the Carcinological Collections of the United States, and an
enumeration of the species contained in them, with notes, etc. Proceedings of

the American Association for the Advancement of Science ; Third Meeting, -

Charleston, S. C., 1850, pp. 167-201.

Pacific Shores of North America. 5

The Smithsonian Institution has with its usual liberality

allowed me the use of the very numerous specimens in its —

museum, obtained mostly through the researches of Lieut.
Trowsrince, Drs. Sucktey and Newserry, and Mr. A. §.
Taytor. These specimens, together with those found by
myself while on the North Pacific Exploring Expedition,
form a large addition to Mr. Samuels’s collection, and have
enabled me to make more extended and satisfactory obser-
vations upon these divisions of our Western Fauna. —

Tt will be seen that more than one hundred and thirty
species of the class Crustacea have been determined to

C. Girarp. A Revision of the North American Astaci, ete. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1852, vii. 87-91.

J.D. Dana. Crustacea of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1852.

Catalogue and Descriptions of Crustacea collected in California by

Dr. John L. Leconte. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia, 1854, vii. 175-177.

Description of a new species of Cryptopodia from California. Amer-
ican Journal of Science, 2d Series, vol. xviii. p. 430, (1854.)

M. Mitne-Epwarps. Meélanges Carcinologiques. Aunales des Sciences Nat-
urelles, 1852-1853.

H. pe Saussure. Description de quelques Crustacés nouveaux de la céte occiden-
tale du Mexique. Revue et Magasin de Zodlogie, 1853, v. 854-368. _

W. P. Gipgons. On a new genus of Crabs. Proceedings of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, 1855, vol. i. pp. 48, 49.

T. Bety. Hore Carcinologice, or Notices of Crustacea. I. A monograph of the
Leucosiade. ‘Transactions of the Linnzean Society of London, 1855, xxi.
277. Pl. XXX—XXMXIV.

W. Stimpson. On some Californian Crustacea. Proceedings of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, 1856, vol. i. pp. 87-90.

Descriptions of new species of Crustacea from the Western Shores of

North America. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,

1857, vol. vi. pp. 84-89.

———

For the Echinodermata :—

EscuscHoutz. Zodlogischer Atlas.

F. Branpr. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum
circumnavigatione observatorum. Fascic. I. Petropoli, mpcccxxxv.

J. E. Gray. On the class Hypostoma. Annals and Magazine of Natural His-
tory, vi. 176, ete.

VALENCIENNES. Voyage de la Venus.

W. 0. Ayres. On Californian Echinodermata. Proceedings of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, 1855, i. 68.

~

o™

6 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

exist in the region now under consideration, a number
which seems quite large when we consider that so recently
as in the year 1838 not a single species was known to
science as forming part of its fauna.” But we cannot sup-
pose even this number to be more than a fourth part of that
which will be reached when a thorough search shall be insti-
tuted. Many families which are undoubtedly represented
here by one or more species, have not yet been noticed ;
and that part of the coast which is included within the
tropics must swarm with Crustacea of the higher orders, the
species of which are as yet entirely undetermined. With-
out, therefore, attempting to generalize upon so imperfect
data, we may notice a few facts with regard to the character
of the Crustacean fauna, which are so prominently marked
that they will be but little affected by future discoveries.

The tribe Oxyrhyncha is very numerously represented in
the rocky fiords of the upper coast, and a predominance of
deep-water forms may be observed, ihe genera of which are
mostly peculiar to this region. The restricted genus Cancer
(Platycarcinus, M. Edw.) is remarkably well represented
here, by four species, very abundant in individuals, and
which are in fact the most common crabs known. On the
other hand, with the exception of a single species of Ozius,
no other examples of the Cancrinea, elsewhere so numerous,
have yet occurred ; and it is indeed singular that the sandy
shores of California, so well adapted to Lupa and its allies,
should have as yet furnished no species of the Portunide.
In this point a striking difference is shown between the
marine fauna of this and the eastern coast, where such
forms are abundantly distributed.

The chief and most noticeable feature, however, which
at once gives a peculiar character to the Decapoda of the
Northwestern coast, is the remarkable development of the
Lithodina. But few species of the rare and curious crabs

* “ Nous ne savonis rien sur les Crustacés de la c6te occidentale de |’ Amer-
ique du Nord.” Mitne-Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust. iii. 564, (1840.)

Pacific Shores of North America. i,

of this family, all denizens of deep water, were until recently
known, one of which (the only one described in the “ His-
toire Naturelle des Crustacés,”) is found in the North Atlan-
tic, one in the Antarctic Ocean, and two in the seas of
Japan and Kamtschatka. Within the past ten years, how-
ever, no less than nine additional species have come‘to light,
nearly all of which were found on the shores of California,
Oregon, and Russian America. Among these are some
gigantic and representative forms which tend greatly to
enlarge our views of the extent, importance, and relations of
the group. For our knowledge of these interesting Crusta-
ceans, we are chiefly indebted to Branpr of St. Petersburg.

Among the fresh-water Crustacea we may notice the
fact, first observed by Dana* in Astacus leniusculus, that
the Cray-fish of the rivers running into the Pacific have
branchiz on the fifth pair of legs, and, like those of Europe,
are classed among the true Astaci. Agassiz} saw the same
thing in A. Gambelii, and I have found it to be invariably
the case in the species of this region, among which there
are several not hitherto described in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution. Our eastern Cray-fish, on the
contrary, all belong to the genus Cambarus, having no
branchiz on the legs of the fifth pair,—a singular instance
of the coincidence of peculiarities of structure with those of
geographical distribution. Hricuson { does indeed describe
two species of Cambarus from Southern Mexico, but we
have reason to suppose that these belong rather to the east-
ern slope of the Rocky Mountains. |

In the preparation of the following paper I have used
every means in my power to identify the species described
by previous authors, and have done this by actual compari-
son of specimens wherever it was possible. Through the
kindness of Dr. Bripezs I was enabled, during a short visit

* U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 524.
+ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad. vi. 375.
+ Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1846, i. 99.

8 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

to Philadelphia for that purpose, to examine the typical
specimens of Ranpa.u’s species, and those of Dr Saussure.
To Professor Dana I am indebted for much assistance, and
for the use of the few specimens of his types which were
particularly desired for comparison,—the admirable exact-
ness of his figures and descriptions rendering any further
means of identification in most cases unnecessary.

Full descriptions will be here given of the new species
only, but notes are appended to several already known,
including remarks on characters which have been over-
looked by previous authors. Enough is given in most
instances to enable the reader to determine any known
California or Oregon species.

DECAPODA BRACHYURA.

TrinE OXYRHYNCHA.

CHION@®CETES BEHRINGIANUS. Stimpson.
Chioneecetes Behringianus, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 84.

Carapax with numerous scattered unequal rugose prom-
inences which are blunt and wart-like about the middle, but
become more acute anteriorly and at the sides. Superior
surface covered with a short pubescence. The broad chan-
nels above the postero-lateral margins are nearly smooth,
but their double margins are granulated. ‘The inferior an-
tero-lateral margin is armed with about fourteen small bifid
teeth which diminish in size forwards. The feet are every-
where slightly pubescent, with the third articles scabrous or
echinulate above ; those of the first pair are muricated along
the angles, and everywhere somewhat seabrous on their
upper surfaces. The abdomen in the male is one third the
width of the sternal plastron at its penultimate article, the
infero-lateral angles of which are somewhat produced and
tumid. Length of the carapax, 2.5; width, 2.52 inch.

Pacific Shores of North America. 9

This species may be distinguished from C. opilio, Kroyer,
judging from the descriptions of that naturalist, by the
shorter feet of the male ;—those of the second pair, in the
species here described, being not more than twice the length
of the carapax, while those of the first pair are not much more
than half as long as those of the second. The abdomen
consists in both male and female of seven articles, the three
nearest the base being strongly granulated. Kroyer, in his
diagnosis of the genus, states the number of articles to be
six, although O. Fasricius* gives seven as the number in
his Cancer phalangium.

It inhabits deep water, the specimens described being
dredged on a muddy bottom at the depth of thirty fathoms,
off Cape Romanzoff. It was also found in Behring’s
Straits, by Commodore Ropeers, of the North Pacific
Expedition.

It is in the Museums of the Boston Society of Natural
History, of the Smithsonian Institution, and of the Jardin
des Plantes.+

* Fauna Gronlandica, p. 234; n. 214.

+ As it is always desirable to know where typical specimens may be found for
comparison, I shall indicate in every case the different museums in which exam-
ples of the species herein catalogued are deposited. For convenience, the fol-
lowing abbreviations will be used :—

Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History . Mus. Bost. Soc.
ee « « Smithsonian Institution . . “ Smithsonian.
= « «Philadelphia Academy of ‘Watuvall Burericas “Phil. Acad.
“ « « YU. §. Exploring Expedition : . “ Expl. Exped.
« =“ « California Academy of Natural Syeiee “ Cal. Acad.
nace “ «& Yale College z A on ff Wales
“ eae Srlmneriah raed of St. Petersburg . “ Acad. Petrop.
2 “ Berlin : : . . - “ Berlin.
we “ the Garden of Plate at acs 3 - « “ Paris.
G « « Royal College of Surgeons, bandon - SIR OLS
6 “ « Zoological Society of London . : - ‘* Zool. Soc.
British Museum . - - : : : : - ee eats

2

Bg o

10 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

HYAS COARCTATUS. Leach.

Hyas coarctatus, Leacn; Malac. Pod. Brit., Pl. XXI.b. Mitnze-Epwarps; Hist.
Nat. des Crust., 1.312. Branpt; Sibirische Reise, i. 79.

Dredged off Cape Romanzoff by the North Pacific Ex-
pedition.

This is an arctic species, found on both boreal shores of
the Atlantic. It is also the most common crab found in
Behring’s Straits, and is reported to exist on the shores of
Kamtschatka and in the Sea of Ochotsk.

Mus. Smithsonian.

HYAS LYRATUS. Dana.

Hyas lyratus, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., i. 86, Pl. I. f. 1.

Distinguished from the preceding species by the broad,
wing-like, antero-lateral expansions of the carapax. It in-
habits deep water on the coast of Oregon, where it was
found by the U. 5. Exploring Expedition.

Mus. Expl. Expedition.

HERBSTIA PARVIFRONS. Randall.

Herbstia parvifrons, RanDALL; Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, viii.107. Greees; Proceedings of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, 1850, p. 170.

“ Western America.” (Nuttall.) This species I have
not seen.

LOXORHYNCHUS. nov. geen.

Carapax pyriformis, plus minusve spinosus et pubescens; regione stomachali
ampla, convexd; regionibus hepaticis parvis, prominentibus, spina una saltem
valida in medio armatis. Rostrum bifidum, plus minusve deflexum; cornu-
bus divaricatis. Orbita imperfecta, supra infraque sinu profundo longitudinali
interrupta; cavo pediculi subtubulato. Oculi sat breves, retractiles, non sese

*latentes. Dens preorbitalis validus ; spina postorbitalis acuta, fere longitu-
dinalis, sub qua spina parva juxta basim externam articuli primi antennze
externe sita. Pars mobilis antennarum externarum rostro vix celata, flagel-

Pacific Shores of North America. 11

lis longis ; articulus immobilis latus, fere quadratus, apice externo spina acuta
lateraliter porrecta armato. Epistoma magna, subtrapezoidalis. Maxillipedes
externi fere ut in Pisd ; apice interno articuli secundi valde producta et rotun-
data. Pedes subcylindrici, secundi paris longiores ; tarsi breves non spinulosi ;
digiti primi paris maris feeminaxque margine interno toto denticulato. Abdo-
men 7-articulatum.

This genus is proposed for the reception of two new
species of Maioid crabs, which, though differing from each
other considerably in the. characters of the surface of the
carapax, and some other points, yet are so closely allied in
the structure of the orbits and antenne that they cannot be
generically separated. ‘They unite the characters of several
generic groups, so that their position is somewhat doubtful,
although probably among the Pisine. 'The deflection of
the rostrum is quite characteristic, but this feature is much
less developed in one species than in the other. The eyes
are short, and do not reach the tip of the post-orbital spine.
The genus will be perhaps best characterized by a com-
parison with others. From Pisa, which it resembles in the
shape of the carapax, it differs in the less excavated orbits,
and single supra-orbital fissure, the want of spinules on the
tarsi, and the much broader basal article of the external
antenne. ‘This latter character also separates it from Herb-
stia and Halimus. From the Chorinine it may be distin-
guished by the non-concealment of the external antenne,
and the shorter and broader rostrum. It is allied to Para-
micippa in the deflection of the rostrum, but differs in the
longer epistome, and the inferior position of the external
antenne. The cavities of the eye-peduncles are less tubular
than in Pericera, the eyes being retractile. Perinea has a
shorter carapax and a much shorter rostrum, leaving the
external antenne considerably exposed.

This genus, like several others of the tribe, seems to be
peculiar to this coast. The species are crabs of large size.

12 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

LOXORHYNCHUS GRANDIS. Stimpson.
Plate FX. f. 1, and XXII. f. 1.
X ¥

Loxorhynchus grandis, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 85.

Carapax pyriform, subglobose ; branchial regions broadly
expanded somewhat as in Libinia. Surface covered with
small warts of nearly uniform size, which are blunt and
rounded about the middle portion of the carapax, but be-
come sharp and spine-like anteriorly and on the sides, where
they are also more crowded. ‘There are seven spines on
the hepatic protuberances, two of which are larger. Pubes-
cence very short and mostly obsolete above, leaving the sur-
face punctate with minute pit-like depressions. Rostrum a
little longer than wide, slit for somewhat more than half its
length, and greatly deflexed, pointing downward in a direc-
tion almost at right angles with the horizontal axis of the
body. ‘The preorbital spine is emarginate at its extremity.
The feet are rather short and stout, covered with a short,
thick villosity. Those of the first pair shorter than those of
the second, with fingers touching each other along the whole
length of their denticulated inner edges; wrist somewhat
tuberculous above; third article with four small distant
spines on the superior margin, the largest being at the sum-
mit of the abrupt expansion at the articulation of the fourth
article. A single subterminal spine on the third article of
the second pair of feet; this spine becomes almost obsolete
in the posterior pairs, which are elsewhere smooth. ‘Tarsi
short and thick, somewhat curved, with corneous tips easily
separable in dry specimens. ‘The color of exposed parts is
reddish inclining to roseate, becoming yellowish-white on
the sides. Fingers white. 'The following are the dimen-
sions of a female :—

Length of carapax . ‘ : - : : : 5.55 inch.

Width “ “2 : : : : : ; : Pe 5): ee
Length of rostrum from base of przorbital spine . : 0-36r

Pacific Shores of North America. 13

Distance between rostral tips. 3 ; : : + 0:39 4
ee << tips of preorbital spines. - ; 150,
Length of Ist pair of feet . - . : ¢ d on 49 Ome
Se ee OU ote ‘ : - < : : ; 6.45 “
7 Loyd : . < ‘ ° ‘ : « 4.75 “

Taken on the coast of California, near San Francisco, by
Lieut. TrowsriDGE.
Mus. Smithsonian.

*"LOXORHYNCHUS CRISPATUS. Stimpson, Wo &&
Plate XXII. f. 2, 3, and 4.

Carapax very much elongated, somewhat triangular ;
regions separated by deep depressions. There are nine
large tubercles above, with sharp apices, between which
smaller ones are interspersed. These tubercles are as fol-
lows: one at the posterior summit of the stomachal region,
one at each hepatic region, (projecting laterally,) two on
each side at the branchial regions, and one at either extrem-
ity of the abruptly convex intestinal region. The sides of
the carapax are nearly perpendicular, and provided with
tubercles. The whole surface of the body and feet (except-
ing the pincers and tips of the tarsi) above and below, is
covered with short, thick hair, which, on the front and sides
of the carapax and along the angles of the legs, becomes
longer, stiff, and curled. The rostrum is but slightly de-
flexed, and not curved; it is slit two thirds of its length, the
horns diverging, but slightly turned inwards at their sharp
extremities. Preorbital spines slender, sharply pointed.
External antenne long, the flagella reaching much beyond
the tips of the rostrum. The feet are somewhat triangu-
larly prismatic; a character best seen in the third joints.
The fourth articles in the posterior four pairs have a longi-
tudinal groove on the upper surface. In the first pair the
fingers are rather slender, and the posterior tooth of the
movable one is much larger than the others; in this pair
of feet there are two small spines on the third joint. The

14 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

sternal plastron and abdomen in the male are transversely
grooved with deep channels corresponding in number to the
articulations. ‘The color beneath the pubescence is bluish-
white, the rostrum, spines, and feet being of a bright car-
mine hue.

Length of carapax, ¢ Sy gt ete I a a eee
Greatest width . ; : : ; : ; : ; 2.30
Length of rostrum A : = : : F > Obi
Distance between tips of pré morbital spines . : 0.82

¥ os ** anterior spines of pre region . 1.40
Length of Ist pair of legs ; - : ; ¥ c : 3.50

Eo ED 4 Hs : : . ; : : - 4.40

Found at the island of San Miguel, off the coast of Cal-
ifornia, near San Pedro. This is another of the novelties
for which we are indebted to that indefatigable observer,
Lieut. Trowsripce, who, though devoting his chief atten-
tion to the Vertebrata, has succeeded in making collections
of the lower forms of animal life, of greater extent and inter-
est than has any other student of Californian Zodlogy.

Mus. Smithsonian.

LIBINIA AFFINIS. Randall.

Libinia affinis, Ranpavi; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad. viii. 107. GipBxs,
Proc. Am, Assoc. 1850, p. 170.

This species is rare, Nuttall’s specimen being the only
one yet found. It is very closely allied to L. canaliculata of
the eastern coast, but differs in its less convex carapax and

smoother hand.
Upper California, ( Nuttall.)
Mus. Phil. Acad.

CHORILIA LONGIPES. Dana.

Chorilia longipes, Dana; U. S. Expl. Expedition, Crust. i. 91; Pl. I. f. 5.

This species may be distinguished from the other Oxy-

Pacific Shores of North America. 15

rynchs of this coast by its long, bifid, pubescent rostrum, the
forks of which are nearly parallel. The carapax is without
pubescence, with a few distant tubercles and a sharp spine
on each side at the branchial region. The legs are long,
and, with the exception of the first pair, very slender. It is
about 13 inches in length.

Oregon, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

SCYRA ACUTIFRONS. Dana.
Scyra acutifrons, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 95; Pl. IL. f. 2.

This little crab may be recognized by its ovate spineless
carapax, the regions of which are strongly prominent; and
by its short, bifid, lamellar rostrum.

Puget Sound, (Pickering.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

OTHONIA PICTETI. De Saussure.

Othonia Picteti, De Saussurz; Revue et Magasin de Zodlogie, v. 357, Pl.
XIU. f. 2.

Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.

Dr. Jounston used the name Othonia for a genus of An-
nelides in 1835,—prior to its application to the crustacean
group by Beity. But Jonnsron’s genus seems to be the
same as Fabricia, Buainv. 1828.

MITHRAX ARMATUS. De Saussure.
Mithrax armatus, De Saussure; Rev, et Mag. Zodl. y. 355, Pl. XIII. f. 1.

Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)
Mus. Phil. Acad.

16 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

OREGONIA GRACILIS. Dana.
Oregonia gracilis, Dana ; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 106, Pl. III. f. 2.

The Oregonie may be distinguished by the great length
of their legs, the penultimate joint of which is not expanded 5
and by the long, slender, post-orbital spine. The rostrum
is slender, and forked nearly from its base; in this species
the horns are long, and diverge toward their extremities.

Puget Sound, (Pickering.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

OREGONIA HIRTA. Dana.

Oregonia hirta, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust. i. 107, Pl. III. f. 3.

This is more hairy than the preceding species, and has a
proportionally longer rostrum. Both are inhabitants of
deep water.

Puget Sound, ( Pickering.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

PUGETTIA GRACILIS. Dana.
Pugettia gracilis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 117, Pl. IV. f. 3.

The genus Pugettia is characterized by the large post-
orbital expansions of the depressed, unarmed carapax. Ros-
trum bifurcate, horns diverging. The deep constriction
between the hepatic and branchial regions renders it easily
distinguishable from all other crabs of this coast, except
perhaps Hyas lyratus, which has a simply cleft rostrum. In
the present species the post-orbital expansions are trian-
gular.

Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

Pacific Shores of North America. Ad

PUGETTIA RICHI. Dana.
Pugettia Richii, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 117, Pl. IV. f. 3.

In this the post-orbital expansions are bilobate, with the
lobes acute. Larger than the preceding; anterior feet of
great size.

San Diego, (W. Rich.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

EPIALTUS PRODUCTUS. Randall.

Epialtus productus, Ranpatz; J. A. N. S. Phil. viii. 110. Gippes ; Proc. Am.
Assoc. 1850, p. 173. Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 133, IPS Vale
£2

Easily recognized by its smooth quadrate carapax, with
two distant teeth on either side. It is the most common
maioid crab on the coast of California and Oregon, and is
usually found among sea-weeds on rocks just below low-
water mark. Its color is olivaceous when alive.

Puget Sound, (Suckley;) Mouth of the Columbia,
(Trowbridge ;) Farallone Is. (Trowbridge ;) Tomales Bay,
(Samuels ;) entrance of San Francisco Bay, (Stimpson })
Monterey, (Trowbridge.)

Mus. Smithsonian; Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

EPIALTUS NUTTALLIL Randall.
Epialtus Nuttallii, Ranpawx; loc. cit. viii. 109, Pl. III. Grpees; loc. cit. p. 173.

Differs from the preceding by its more rounded outline
and larger rostrum.
Upper California, ( Nuttall.)
Mus. Phil. Acad.
3

oer

18 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

PARTHENOPE PUNCTATISSIMA. Owen.

Parthenope punctatissima, OwEN ; Zodlogy of Beechey’s Voyage, Crust. 81,
Pl. XXIV. f. 4.

This is almost certainly a Lambrus, but having been un-
able to procure a specimen and examine the characters of
the antenne, I refrain from adding to the synonymy.

Coast of California, ( Belcher.)

Mus. Zool. Soc.; R. C. 8.

CRYPTOPODIA OCCIDENTALIS. Dana.

Cryptopodia occidentalis, Dana ; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d Ser. xviii. 430, (wood-cut.)
Gisses, Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist. Charleston, S. @. i. 36.

This curious crab is distinguished from all others found
on this coast, by the smallness of its posterior four pairs of
feet, which are entirely concealed beneath the carapax ;
those of the first pair on the contrary are very large, angu-
lar, and much longer than the shell.

Monterey, (W. Rich.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

Trine CYCLOMETOPA.
CANCER MAGISTER. Dana.

Cancer magister, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 151, Pl. VII. f. 1.
Srimpson ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88. Cancer irroratus, RANDALL, I. c.
(non Say.)

The largest of the numerous species found on the Cali-
fornian coast. Antero-lateral margin ten-toothed ; teeth but
little prominent, with the exception of the posterior one,
which is separated from the next by a considerable space ;
they gradually diminish in size toward the orbits. Termi-
nal segment of abdomen in the male short, with a rounded
extremity. Third article of outer maxillipeds somewhat

Pacific Shores of North America. 19

granulated, with the exterior apex broadly truncated. Feet
of the second pair longest, and equal in length to the width
of the carapax. In adult specimens the tarsi of the fifth
pair of feet are very much compressed, and not conspicu-
ously ciliated below. In a specimen from Sitka, the gran-
ulation on the upper side of the feet of the posterior pairs
is much stronger, and the teeth on the crest of the hand less
numerous and higher, than in Californian specimens. The
following are the measurements of several specimens in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution :—

Length of Width of Proportions of

aaa = Carapax. Carapax. Carapax,
Puget Sound, é 0.875 inch. 1.27 inch. 1:1.45 inch.
San Francisco, 1.23 1.80 1:1.46
Monterey, ~ 4 2.51 3.77 1:1.50
San Francisco, 4.42 7.00 1:1.58
Sitka, c 4.90 8.85 1:1.80
San Francisco, 2 2.55 3.90 1:1.58

By these measurements and proportions it will be seen
that this species increases in width with age, and that the
female is slightly broader than the male. I have seen no
specimen according in dimensions with the variety figured
by Dana.

This species was erroneously referred by Ranpauu to C.
irroratus, Say. The succeeding species, however, approaches
much more closely to the eastern crab.

C. magister has been found at Sitka, (Trowbridge ;)
Puget Sound, (Suckley;) San Francisco Bay, (Pickering,
Kennerly, etc. ;) and at Monterey, (Taylor.) It is the com-
mon crab of the San Francisco market, and is caught very
abundantly about the wharves of the city. It is of a light
reddish-brown color, darkest anteriorly, often light orange
below ; inner sides of the anterior feet and hands crimson.

Mus. Smithsonian ; Expl. Exped. ; Phil. Acad.

20 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

CANCER GRACILIS. Dana.

Cancer gracilis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 153, Pl. VII. f. 2.
Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

This is the smallest species of the genus known, although
found of a much larger size than that figured by Dana. It
may be distinguished from the young of C. magister by the
emargination or slight tooth on the postero-lateral margin
near its outer extremity, as well as by its proportions. It
differs from C. irroratus, (C. Sayi, Gou.p,) which also pos-
sesses the postero-lateral emargination, by its smoother and
more slender tarsi, and by the granulation of the central
portions of the carapax. The antero-lateral margins are
nine-toothed. Lateral teeth of inter-antennary front deeply
separated from, and much larger than, the middle one,
although not projecting so far forward. ‘Third article of
outer maxillipeds smooth, with the exterior apex rounded.
Terminal segment of abdomen in the male elongate-trian-
gular, with a slender, pointed extremity. The following
are the dimensions of several specimens now before me :—

Length of Breadth of

Locality. Sex. Carapax. Carapax. Proportion.
Tomales Bay, & 1.51 inch. 2.30inch. — 1:1.52 inch.

Ks es fe 1.60 2.40 1:1.50

wi 4 oi 1.70 2.59 1:1.50
Puget Sound, ? 1.90 2.80 1:1.47
Tomales Bay, as 1.45 2.13 1:1.47

We may thus notice that in this species the males are

wider than the females.
Puget Sound, (Suckley ;) Tomales Bay, (Samuels ;) San

Francisco Bay, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.; Smithsonian; Bost. Soc.; Phil.

Acad.; Acad. Petrop.; Paris; ete.

a
- ’

Pacific Shores of North America. 21

CANCER PRODUCTUS. Randall.

Cancer productus, RANDALL; loc. cit. viii.116. Dana; U. S. Exploring Expe-
dition, Crust. i. 156, Pl. VII. f.3. Srimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.
Platycarcinus productus, Grippers ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 177.

This species was described by Ranpatu from young
specimens, which differ much from the adult, both in pro-
portions and markings. Having seen only large individuals
at the time my paper in the Proceedings of the California
Academy was written, I there proposed for them the name
C. perlatus, in case they should prove different from Ran-
DALL’s species. But the possession of a full series of all
ages, and the examination of the original specimen at Phil-
adelphia, has now convinced me of their identity. Dawna’s
specimens appear also to have been young, and his descrip-
tion will scarce apply to the adults, in which the teeth on
the front and antero-lateral margin are sufficiently projecting
and well separated.

The produced and elevated front is the most prominent
character of this species. ‘The female is rather more con-
vex than the male. The greatest width is at the penulti-
mate lateral tooth. The postero-lateral margin is emargin-
ated, as in the preceding species. Surface of the carapax
unequally granulose, most so toward the margins and on
the teeth. Hand tuberculous above, scarcely cristate, the
projections being few and blunt; the exterior surface 4-cari-
nate. Posterior feet rather compressed ; third articles in all
ciliate along the superior edge ; tarsi with three longitudinal
brushes of short, thick hair along the angles, the superior
one in the fifth pair and the posterior one in the other pairs
being often obsolete. The terminal article of abdomen in
the male is triangular, elongated, with an acuminated ex-
tremity, the sides being concave.

This species is of a dark red or madder color above; feet
mottled ; below dirty white. The following are the dimen-
sions of several specimens :—

22 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the
Locality. Sex. Caaoie Pe ee Proportion.
San Francisco, re 2.95 inch. 4.90inch. — 1:1.63 inch.
ag $F 2.56 4.18 1:1.63 Bi
AS a ce 2.47 4.01 1:1.62
oe s cs 2.46 4.00 1:1.62
Tomales Bay, “e 2.35 3.78 1:1.60
San Francisco, 3 2.27 3.66 1:1.60
ce és cs 2.10 3.36 1:1.60
rts < i 1.97 3.05 1:1.55
co 7 “sc 0.99 1.29 1:1.30
ig “a 2 2.84 4.30 1.52
Tomales Bay, es 2.73 4.20 1:1.54
San Francisco, s 2.15 3.34 1:1.55
Tomales Bay, 4 2.16 3.32 1:1.54
* s 2 2.00 3.07 1:1,54

Here it will be perceived that the male is wider than the
female ; and also that the males steadily increase in width
with age, while the females show some variation. The
great breadth in this species renders it easily distinguishable
from its congeners.

Distortions of the antero-lateral teeth often occur, render-
ing the sides somewhat unsymmetrical.

This Cancer is common at San Francisco, and is sold in
the markets with C. magister. It was also found at Tomales
Bay by Mr. Samuels, and in Puget Sound by the Explor-
ing Expedition.

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Smithsonian; Phil. Acad.; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

CANCER ANTENNARIUS. Stimpson.
Plate X VIII.
Cancer antennarius, Stimpson ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

Carapax convex; greatest breadth at the penultimate
antero-lateral tooth. Superior surface much undulated,
very smooth in appearance, but minutely granulated ; the
granulation being almost obsolete about the middle, but
sufficiently well marked towards and at the margin. Antero-

ote

Pacific Shores of North America. 23

lateral margin convex and well rounded, with nine teeth,
the inner one forming the outer angle of the orbit; teeth
deeply separated, their edges denticulated, their apices
curving forward and very sharp, almost uncinate. Postero-
lateral margin with a deep emargination near the extremity,
forming a sharp tooth, and another, rather slight, a short
distance within the first. These emarginations are much
deeper in the young than in the adult. Front sufhciently
broad, but not projecting farther forward than the exterior
angle of the orbit; inter-antennary portion with three well-
separated teeth, the middle one being smaller and rather
below the lateral ones; preorbital tooth rather prominent.
External antenne very large and hairy, in length equalling
two fifths that of the carapax; apex of basal article pro-
jecting considerably beyond the preorbital tooth. Third
article of external maxillipeds subquadrate, a little longer
than broad; anterior margin nearly transverse, ciliate with
long hairs; angles rounded; notch for insertion of fourth
article deep, abrupt below, continuous with the margin
above. The slight ridge on the palate parallel with its
inner margin is more sharply prominent in this than in any
other species. Feet of the first pair large, particularly in
the male. Carpus and hand rather short and thick, in the
adult smoothly rounded above and microscopically granu-
lated, in the young ornamented with small spiniform tuber-
cles ; outer surface of hand costate ; costee well marked and
granulated in the young, almost obsolete in the adult. Fin-
gers in the female with linear grooves on the sides. Ambu-
latory feet hairy ; third articles overreaching the margin of
the carapax ; tarsi with thick brushes of short hair along
the angles. Margins of abdomen and other parts on the
inferior surface generally, very hairy. Terminal article
of abdomen in the male slender, with somewhat concave
sides and bluntly pointed extremity.

Color above dark purplish-brown; below yellowish-
white, spotted with red; finger and thumb black.

on

Cc

24 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

The dimensions of two specimens from San Francisco
Bay are as follows :—

¢@ Length of carapax, 2.43 inch; breadth, 3.70; proportion, 1:1.52.
9g “ «“ 2.13 « 3.08; ae 1:1.45.

The male is-therefore broader than the female.

Its hairiness and the great length of the outer antenne
distinguish it from all other species. In a variety found in
Tomales Bay, the upper surface of the carapax is hairy as
well as the sides. The middle tooth of the inter-antennary
front is sometimes wanting in this, as in other species.

It is not uncommon about the mouth of San Francisco
Bay, inhabiting rocky bottoms at the depth of two or three
fathoms. It was also found at Monterey by Mr. Taylor,
and at Tomales Bay by Mr. Samuels.

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Smithsonian; Phil. Acad.; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

OZIUS VERREAUXI. De Saussure.

Ozius Verreauxii, De Saussure; Revue et Magasin de Zodlogie, y. 359,
BLXIL f, 1.

Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.
TrinE CORYSTOIDEA.
TRICHOCERA OREGONENSIS. Dana.

Trichocera Oregonensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 299,
Pl’ AV. fro:

This little crab has much the aspect of a small Cancer,
and may be recognized by its rounded carapax, hairy legs,
and long antenne, ‘The whole margin (including the pos-
tero-lateral) is dentate with about thirteen teeth on each
side.

Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

Pacific Shores of North America. 25

CHEIROGONUS HIPPOCARCINOIDES. Latreille.

Cancer adsperso-setosus hippocarcinoides, Steiimr, M/S. (fide TrLEsrt.)

Cancer cheiragonus, Trresi1us; Mem. de Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersb.
1815, v. 347, Pl. VII. f. 1.

Cheiragonus hippocarcinoides, Larrernye; Pum. Nat. 1825, p. 270. (fide
BRanprit.)

Platycorystes ambiguus, Branpt; Bulletin physico-mathém. de ? Acad. de St.
Petersb. 1849, vii. 179.

Platycorystes cheiragonus, Branpt; in Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, Zodl. i. 85.

Cheiragonus hippocarcinoides, Branpt; in Midd. Sibirische Reise, Zool. i. 147.

Telmessus serratus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 303, Pl. XVIII.
f. 8, (vix WHITE.)

This crab may be distinguished among those of this coast
by its scabrous and setose surface, and the large triangular
lateral teeth, of which there are four on the antero-lateral
and two on the postero-lateral margin. These teeth have
serrated margins, and the outer one on each side is much
the largest. The inter-antennary front, which is separated
from the preorbital tooth on either side by a broad sinus,
has four small equal teeth. Length about two inches. It
was found on the coast of Upper California by Dr. Le
Conte ; in Puget Sound by the Exploring Expedition ; and
at Sitka by Wosnessenski.

Mus. Acad. Petrop.; Expl. Exped.; Phil. Acad.

CHEIROGONUS ISENBECKI. Brandt.

Platycorystes Isenbeckii, Branpr; Bulletin physico-mathém. de Acad. de St.
Petersh. 1849, vii. 179.
Cheiragonus Isenbeckii, Branpr; in Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, Zool. i. 147.

Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.

This very distinct genus, to which so many names have
recently been applied, is now known to include at least four
species. That found on the west coast of North Amer-
ica, which occurs also along the shores of the Aleutian
Islands, of Kamtschatka, and the Sea of Ochotsk, is dis-

4

+s ie

26 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

tinct from the Telmessus serratus of Wuitr. Platycorystes
(Podocanthus) Isenbeckii of Branvr is also properly placed
in this genus, and I have recently discovered a new species
in the seas of Northern Japan.

The reference to LarreitiE’s work, (Les Crustacés, les
Arachnides, et les Insectes distribués en familles naturelles,
Paris, 1825,) for Cheiragonus is given on the authority of
Branpt. ‘This book I have never seen, but it is said to
have been republished in Cvvinur’s “ Regne Animal”—
edition of 1829. In this latter publication the name Cheir-
agonus certainly does not occur, which is singular, and it
is also remarkable that it should have been eutirely over-
looked by Mitne-Epwarps. The name occurs, however,
in the “ Index Universalis” of AGass1z, and must undoubt-
edly have been published somewhere by Larrei.ue in 1826. -
Whether this author gives a generic character, or a simple
reference to 'T1Lesivus’s description ; and whether he desig-
nates the species as C. hippocarcinoides, Iam of course un-
able to say. If this specific name were not given we must
eall the species C. ambiguus, for 'TiLestus’s reference to
Sretier’s MS. name hippocarcinoides is not sufficient to
give it priority.

Trine CATOMETOPA.
GRAPSUS sTRIGOSUS. Latreille.
Grapsus strigosus, LArrEILLE. Goniopsis strigosus, Dp Haan; Wuite, Brit.
Mus. Catalogue, Crust. 40.
Specimens in the British Museum, from Lower Califor-
nia, are referred to this species by Wuire.

GRAPSUS PIcTUS. De Saussure.

Grapsus pictus, De Saussurn; Rev. et May. de Zoblogie, v. 362.

This is in all probability not the Grapsus pictus of La-
TREILLE. It may be either G. ornatus, M. Ep., or a new
species ; and is not improbably the same as the preceding.

Mazatlan, (M. Verreaux.)

Pacific Shores of North America. 27

PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES. Randall.
Pachygrapsus crassipes, RANDALL; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad, viii. 127.

Distinguished by the square form of the carapax, which
has a single tooth on each side posterior to that forming the
outer angle of the orbit;—the broad depressed front, and
spiny tarsi. It is very common on the coast of California,
south of San Francisco, and was found at the Farallone Is.,
(Trowbridge ;) at Monterey, (Taylor ;) and at San Diego,
(Schott.) ~Ranpau states that his specimens were found
at the Sandwich Is., by Nuttall. But the species has never
been found there by other observers, although the Islands
have been frequently and well searched for Crustacea. On
the other hand, Ranpauu states that his P. parallelus* is
found on the coast of Oregon, where, however, it has not
been since observed ; while it is common at the Sandwich
Is. It is therefore probable, that in the case of Nuttall’s
specimens the labels of the two species were accidentally

exchanged. ~
Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian; Acad. Pe-
trop. ; Paris. *

There seems to be no good reason why Ranpa.v’s name
Pachygrapsus should not be retained for the group called
Leptograpsus by Mitne-Epwarps. The thick, square, and
evidently allied forms with a square third article of maxilli-
peds, for which Dr. R. instituted the genus, are quite dis-
tinct from the true Grapsi, though forming a group to which
De Haan proposed to restrict the ancient name of the fam-
ily. When it was found necessary to divide this group
into genera, based upon the characters of the orbits and ex-
ternal antenne, the name Pachygrapsus should certainly
have been retained for one of them. That Ranpauu did
not describe the structure of those parts in his two species,

* Grapsus thukuhar, Owen; Goniograpsus thukuhar, Dana; Metopograpsus thu-
kuhar, Milne-Edwards, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 131.

28 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

is no reason for rejecting it,—this was not necessary in the
definition of the group. As well might we reject the name
Grapsus itself, because we cannot determine from Lamarcr’s
descriptions many characters now considered important.
Ranpauv’s first-mentioned species, P. crassipes, which we
may consider as typical, is closely allied to the Mediter-
ranean Grapsus varius ; having the internal suborbital lobe
widely separated from the front, admitting the external
antenne within the orbit. It therefore belongs to M. Ep-
warps’s division Leptograpsus. P. parallelus will come
under Metopograpsus, which genus seems to be the nearest
ally of Leptograpsus, although M. Epwarps places Grapsus
between them. In fact, M. thukuhar might well be consid-
ered an intermediate species, for the suborbital lobe is here
not quite joined to the front, although approximating closely
to it.

PSEUDOGRAPSUS OREGONENSIS. Dana.

Pseudograpsus Oregonensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 334,
Pl. XX. f. 6. Mitxe-Epwarps; Mélanges Carcinologiques, 157. Sr1mpson;
Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

The Pseudograpsi are easily distinfuished from the other
Grapsi of this coast by the approximation of the inner mar-
gins of the outer maxillipeds, which, in the other forms,
are widely separated by a rhomboidal space. The present
species differs from the next in the hairiness of its feet. It
is bluish-gray above, clouded anteriorly with patches of
dark red dots; the feet, with the exception of the light-
colored anterior pair, are sparsely dotted with red. The
carapax is usually about an inch in length. The lanose
spot on the hand is found in the male only.

This species occurs very abundantly on the muddy shores
of sheltered bays, generally among pebbles and under stones
about half-tide mark. It was found in Puget Sound, (Suck-
ley ;) Tomales Bay, (Samuels ;) and in San Francisco Bay,
( Ayres.)

Pacific Shores of North America. 29

Mus. Expl. Exped.; Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smith-
sonian ; Acad. Petrop.; Paris.

PSEUDOGRAPSUS NuUDUS. Dana.

Pseudograpsus nudus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 335, Pl. XX,
f. 7. Mirne-Epwarps; Meélanges Carcinologiques, 158. Stimpson ; Proc.
Cal. Acad. Nat. Sct. i. 88.

This beautiful species may be at once recognized by the
glossy smoothness of its feet. The posterior pair of feet
are very short. It is of a dark purplish-red color above; the
carpus and hand much lighter, and spotted. It grows to a
large size ;—the carapax of one specimen from Monterey

- measuring two inches in length, by two and two fifths in
breadth. It has some resemblance to Pachygrapsus crassi-
pes, which is found with it, but may be distinguished by
the character of the maxillipeds and the nearly smooth tarsi.
It is found among rocks at the mouths of bays, or on the
open sea-coast, where the water is clear. Like the preced-
ing it is a littoral species, and is often found near high-
water mark. It was found in Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped. ;)
Tomales Bay, (Samuels ;) San Francisco Bay, (Stimpson ;)
and at Monterey, (‘Trowbridge and Taylor.)

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Smithsonian; Acad. Petrop.

Heterograpsus marmoratus, M. Enw. (Cyclograpsus mar-
moratus, Wuttx,) is perhaps identical with P. nudus. If
so, Dana’s name has priority, as no description accompa-
nies WuiTe’s name in the British Museum catalogue. It
is said to be found at Sitka.

GECARCINUS QUADRATUS. De Saussure.
Gecarcinus quadratus, DE Saussure; Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. vy. 360, Pl. XII. f. 2.

Mazatlan, (Verreaux.)
Mus. Phil. Acad.

30 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

PINNIXA FABA. Stimpson.
Pinnothera faba, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i.381, Pl. XXIV.f. 4.

The large palpi of the external maxillipeds in this species
indicate its afhnity with the Pinnixe. 'The male resembles
P. cylindrica, (Pinnotheres cylindricum, Say,) and is much
smaller than the female, while the carapax is shorter and
broader ; its length bearing to its breadth the proportion,
1:1.8. The hands are very large, and of nearly the same
shape as in the female, the finger being, however, consid-
erably more curved.

& Length of carapax, 0.36 inch; breadth, 0.65.
9104 5) BOS 4 1.05,

Found in the large Lutraria of the Oregon coast. Puget
Sound, (Expl. Exped. ;) Shoalwater Bay, (Cooper.)
Mus. Smithsonian; Expl. Exped.

FABIA SUBQUADRATA. Dana.

Fabia subquadrata, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 382,
Pl. XXIV. f. 5,

Distinguished from the preceding by its greater propor-
tional length.

Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped. ;) Farallone Is. ('Trowbridge.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.; Smithsonian; Phil. Acad.

Trine OXYSTOMATA.

CALAPPA CONVEXA. De Saussure.
Calappa convexa, Dx Saussure; Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. v. 362, Pl. XIIL f, 3.

Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.) efi

Pacific Shores of North America. 31

LEUCOSILIA JuRINU. Bell.

Guaia Jurinii, Dr Saussure; Rev. ef Mag. de Zodl. 1853, v. 365, Pl. XIII. f. 4.
Leucosilia Jurinii, Beni; Yrans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 295, Pl. XXXIL. f. 1.

Mazatian, ( Verreaux.)

Mus. Brit.

RANDALLIA. nov. @en.

Carapax ovalis, subglobosus, feré ]zevis, politus, dentibus duobus posticé arma-
tus. Regiones pterygostomiani angulati. Frons angustata sed crassa, in
medio ‘concaya. Orbita trifissa. Fosse antennariz parvee, oblique, altissi-
mz. Antennarum internarum articulus basalis operculiformis, fossam clau-
dens et partem super-mobilem retractam antenne celans. Epistoma ex com-
paratione ampla. Maxillipedes et pedes ut in Persephona.

The species upon which this genus is founded was placed
in Ilia by Ranpatt, and in Guaia (Persephona) by Gispes.
Its characters will, however, exclude it from both of these
genera, although it approaches closely to the latter in its
general appearance. The following are its distinctive fea-
tures. The carapax is not depressed, and is armed with
but two teeth posteriorly ; the surface is mostly smooth and
ungranulated. Anterior extremity thick. Antennary fosse
small, oblique, and very deep. Basal article of internal
antenne somewhat expanded, operculiform, almost com-
pletely closing the aperture of the fossa when the antenna
is retracted within it. ‘The fossee do not immediately border
on the buccal margin as in Persephona, but are separated
from it by a considerable space, so that the epistoma pre-
sents a greater surface than is usual in the family.

RANDALLIA ORNATA. Stimpson.

Plate KEX=f. 3.

Ilia ornata, RANDALL; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 129.
Guaia ornata, Gippes ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 186.
Randallia ornata, Stimpson ; Proc. Lost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 85.

In this species there are generally a few granules on the

32 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

stomachal region anteriorly, and on the intestinal poste-
riorly. ‘There may be either several small granules or one
large one only, on the margin between the posterior teeth.
Upper California, ( Nuttall.)
Mus. Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

DECAPODA ANOMOURA.
Trize LITHODEA.
CRYPTOLITHODES Typicus. Brandt.
Plate XX.

Cryptolithodes typicus, Branpr; Bulletin physico-mathém. de l Académie de St.
Petersb. 1849, vii. 175.

As Branpt’s description of this remarkable crab is unac-
companied by a figure, and very short,—the general charac-
ters of the clypeus, rostrum, and antennary appendix only
being given,—I take the present opportunity of presenting fig-
ures, and a detailed description, drawn up from a specimen (a
female) sent in a dried state to the Smithsonian Institution
by Mr. Taylor of Monterey. As the dismemberment of
this most rare and unique example would be by no means
desirable, the details of the inner maxillipeds, and of some
other less conspicuous appendages, cannot be here given.

The most striking characteristic in this species is the
great development of the carapax, which forms a broad,
thin shield, of very uneven surface, completely hiding the
legs, antenne, abdomen, and all the inferior parts of the
body. ‘These parts, therefore, which form a great portion
of the bulk in most crabs, seem here, when viewed from
below, to be placed in the bottom of a cup-like cavity. This
arrangement would lead one to refer the species to the
Cryptopodiacee, to which family however it has no resem-
blance in its other characters; the structure of the antenne,
the position of the eyes, and the concealment of the posterior
pair of feet at once distinguishing it.

Pacific Shores of North America. 33

The superior surface of the carapax is raised into a high
ridge along the median line, deeply sinuated between the
stomachal and cardiac regions, the former of which is a little
shorter and less prominent than the latter. The branchial
regions are rather small, and much less prominent than the

cardiac; The intestinal is continuous with the cardiac pos- ~
teriorly. The wings or lateral portions of the shield are
broadly expanded, subtriangular ; their extremities covering
the terminal joints of the third pair of feet extended. The
surface is rugose at the prominent parts, but generally
smoothish and ungranulated, although discolored and hav-
ing a somewhat eroded appearance. The rostrum is lamel-
liform, rectangular, pointing downwards at an angle of
about 60° with the horizontal axis ;—its truncate extremity
is still more deflected and slightly emarginate at the
middle.

The arrangement of the eyes, antenne, and other parts in
the vicinity of the mouth, is generally similar to what we
see in Echidnocerus and other genera of the family. The
ocular peduncles are closely approximated at their base, and
are rather long, allowing the eyes at their tips to be seen
from above in the angle between the base of the rostrum
and the anterior margin of the carapax, which constitutes
the only vestige of an orbit. The internal antenne are
slender, inserted behind the base of the ocular peduncles,
and much within the margin of the carapax; they are
directed forward between the eyes, and terminate in a slen-
der, hairy, multiarticulate flagellum, longer than the penul-
timate article, and not reaching the extremity of the ros-
trum. The external antenne occupy the hiatus between
the anterior margin of the almost vertical pterygostomian
plates; and the exterior bases of the internal antenne. Their
second article is broadly expanded, and bears a lamelliform
appendix which equals it in size, projecting much beyond it
exteriorly, and reaching the margin of the carapax; both
are of large size, and bear short, blunt hairs on their lower

5

34 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

or exposed surface, their upper sides being pressed against
the carapax. The terminal flagellum is very long and slen-
der, compressed, of nearly the same width throughout, and
consists of about twenty-two articles, each bearing two
clavate sete. g

The external maxillipeds are rather broad, and have their
outer surfaces flattened, with sharp, projecting, lamellar
edges. ‘They resemble those of the Brachyoura much more
closely than do those of other members of the tribg, The
last two articles are, however, well developed.. The basal
article is of great width, expanded exteriorly, and bearing
at its antero-internal angle the second, small, with bilobate
inner margin; the third is elongated, and presents a trian-
gular face. ‘The surfaces of all these points are covered
with the short, clavate hairs so peculiar in this species.

The feet of the first or anterior pair are very unequal in
size, the right hand being much the larger. Their second
and third joints bear a sharp longitudinal crest inferiorly,
against which the margin of the hand rests when retracted ;
the second joint also bears a sharp compressed tooth above,
near its articulation with the third, which also bears a still
larger and more prominent tooth almost continuous with
that on the second, ‘The larger hand is broad, convex, with
about six tuberculous ridges on the outer surface, and a
strong projection above at the articulation of the short, stout
finger, which is also ridged, and bears a crest above. 'The
surface of contact between the thumb and finger is broad,
with its margin scarcely dentate. ‘The feet of the second,
third, and fourth pairs, about equal in size, are strongly
compressed, almost lamelliform, and sharply crested above
for most of their length. Those of the fifth pair are con-
cealed beneath the carapax, (or rather beneath the abdo-
men,) and are nearly the same in size and structure as in
the other genera of the tribe. We may remark, however,
that the three articles forming the terminal portion of these
feet are of greater length and more slender than is usual ;—

Pacific Shores of North America. 30

when drawn out they reach the fourth joint of the preceding
pair.

The abdomen is flattened, and without spines or tuber-
cles. _In the female it is symmetrical externally, although
provided with ovigerous legs on the left side only. The
basal (second) article is undivided, arched, broad and con-
. cave. The three following each consist of a convex, quad-
rilateral, tergal piece, transversely ridged across the middle,
and the lateral or epimeral pieces, which are placed obliquely,
and are wider than long, with their margins raised, and
their surface depressed. The sixth article is unprovided
with epimeral pieces ; it is longer than the preceding ones,
of a trapezoidal shape, its sides joining the posterior edges
of the epimera of the article next preceding; its broader
terminal side is deeply sinuated for the reception of the
seventh article. This latter is very small, triangular, and
fits between the basal joints of the anterior pair of feet
when the abdomen is in place.

The color was reddish beneath; above indistinct. The
dimensions of the specimen above described are: length,
1.16; breadth, 1.85 inch. Proportion, 1:1.60. The dimen-
sions of Brandt’s specimen were: length, 1.33; breadth,
1.91 inch. Proportion, 1:1.43.

The Smithsonian specimen was found by Mr. Taylor on
surf-washed rocks near low-water mark, on the beach of
Monterey. Itis desirable that other specimens should be
secured and well preserved in spirits, in order that the anat-
omy, and particularly the arrangement of the branchie, and
the structure of the lateral apodemes can be observed. It
is obvious that this genus most strongly represents the
Brachyoura in the section to which it belongs. The cara-
pax, usually of moderate or small size in the Anomoura, is
here developed to a degree unequalled in any of the higher
Decapods, not excepting even Cryptopodia and Cithra. It
is indeed the only instance in which the cephalo-thorax
entirely conceals the feet; in all other genera the anterior
pair at least being seen from above.

36 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

The specimen described by Brandt was taken by Wos-
nessenski on the coast of Upper California, and is in the
Museum of the Academy of St. Petersburg.

CRYPTOLITHODES SITCHENSIS. Brandt.
Cryptolithodes Sitchensis, Branpt ; Mélanges Biologiques, i. 654.

Differs from the preceding in its smooth hands, and tri-

dentate frontal margin of the rostrum.
Hab. Sitka.

PHYLLOLITHODES PAPILLOSUS. Brandt.

Phyllolithodes papillosus, Branpt; Bulletin phys-mathém. de l Académie de St.
Pétersbourg, 1849, vii. 175.
Petalocerus Bellianus, Wu1tr; Proc. Zodl. Soc. 1856, 134.

I have with some doubt referred the curious Lithodes
recently described by Mr. Wuirs, to the Phyllolithodes
papillosus of Branpt. The descriptions, as far as they go,
are in no respect inconsistent ; but unfortunately for com-
parative investigation, the authors have for the most part
described different parts of the crab. Wuite’s figure is not
yet published.

This species I have not met with.

Hab. Is. of Kadjak, (Wosnessenski ;) Coast of California,
( Lobb.)

Mus. of Prof. Bell; Acad. Petrop.

RHINOLITHODES WOSNESSENSKII. Brandt.

Rhinolithodes Wosnessenskii, Branpr ; Bulletin phys.-mathém. de V Académie de
St. Pétersbourg, 1849, vii. 174.

This may perhaps be the young of some other species.
Hab. Sitka, Kadjak, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop. :

Pacific Shores of North America. 37

ECHIDNOCERUS CIBARIUS. White.

Echidnocerus cibarius, Wu1TE; Proc. Zodl. Soc. 1848, 47. Annulosa, Pl. II.
III. Brit. Mus. Cat. Crust. 56.

Lopholithodes Mandtii, Branpt; Bulletin phys.-mathém. de Académie de St.
Pétersboury, 1849, vii. 174.

The dimensions of the carapax in a specimen from Sitka
are: length, 6.90; breadth, 8.35 inch.

The members of this remarkable genus are among the
largest crabs known. They do not indeed cover so much
space as do many of the Maiacee with their legs extended ;
but their carapax is nearly as large, and their weight greater
than even in the Macrocheira of Japan. Specimens have
been taken the weight of which exceeded seven pounds ;
the diameter of the carapax being over ten inches.

The species E. cibarius was found at the mouth of the
Columbia by Sir George Simpson ; and at Sitka by Wos-
nessenski, Trowbridge, and the North Pacific Expedition.

Mus. Brit.; Acad. Petrop.; Smithsonian.

ECHIDNOCERUS SETIMANUS. Stimpson.

Ctenorhinus setimanus, GipBons; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 48, (1855.)
Echidnocerus setimanus, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

This species most closely resembles the preceding, and
will perhaps prove the same when direct comparisons of
specimens of the same age and sex can be instituted. Ihave
before me a considerable number of specimens both of the
Sitka and the California species, but those from the former
locality are all males, and those from the latter, as it unfor-
tunately happens, are all females. There are, however,
some differences which may prove constant. In the Cali-
fornian (female) specimens, the spines of the carapax, ros-
trum, feet, etc., are everywhere blunt, being rather tubercles
than spines; the carapax is proportionally broader, and the
greatest transverse diameter is at the large postero-lateral

38 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the ee

tubercles, instead of at the first pair of antero-lateral teeth,
(S of Dana.) In these females the characters of the abdo-
men usual in female Lithodine are prominently shown, the
terminal apex being turned considerably to the right of the
median line of the body; there are no marginal plates on
the left side, where the greater mass of the ova are placed,
the ovigerous feet being wanting on the right side with the
exception of that of the first pair.
The dimensions of three specimens are as follows :—

Loc. cuemnee Width. Proportion.
San Francisco, Q 4,72 inch. 5.31 inch. 1:1.13 inch.
re fe “4 5.58 6.30 1:1,18
2 (Gibbons) ? 10.00 10.25 1:1.03

All the specimens yet found were taken off the mouth of
San Francisco Bay, and near the Farallone Rocks. They
have been brought to the market of the city by fishermen,
who are encouraged to preserve them when caught, by the
high prices (from five to ten dollars) at which they are easily
sold.

Mus. Cal. Acad.; North Pacific Expedition.

LITHODES SPINOSISSIMUS. Brandt.

Lithodes spinosissimus, Branpr; Bulletin phys.-mathém. de l’ Académie de St.
Pétersbourg, 1849, vii. 178.

The members of the tribe Lithodea may easily be distin-
guished by the apparent want of the fifth pair of feet, which
are very small, and always folded up over the back and
concealed beneath the carapax. The present species may
be recognized by the very numerous long sharp spines with
which it is everywhere covered above.

Hab. Kadjak, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.

Pacific Shores of North America. 39

LITHODES BREVIPES. Edwards et Lucas.

Lithodes brevipes, Epwarps et Lucas; Archives du Museum, ii. 463. PI.
XXIV-XXVII. Branpr; Bulletin phys.-mathém. de Acad. de St. Pétersb.
vii. 173. Sibirische Reise, Zodlogie, i. 99.

In this species the feet are shorter than is usual in the
genus, and there are few spines on the body, all of moderate
length.

Hab. Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Paris; Acad. Petrop.

LITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS. Latreille.

Lithodes Camtschaticus, LATREILLE ; in Cuvier’s Regne Animal, 2d ed. iv. 65.
Mitne-Epwarps; Hist. Nat. des Crust., ii. 187. Branpr; Sibirische Reise,
Zodlogie, i. 94.

Hab. Atcha, Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

Trine HAPALOGASTRINEA.

This remarkable tribe, although resembling much the
Porcellanidea in general appearance, appears to be cor-
rectly placed between the Lithodea and the Paguridea.
The distinguishing character consists in the structure of the
abdomen, which, although broad and reflexed below the
abdomen, is soft as in the hermit crabs; the basal and
terminal articles only being provided with a hard coat-
ing. De Haan’s Lomis dentata seems to belong to this
tribe. The true Lomis, as described by Milne-Edwards,
has a hard and crustaceous abdomen, asin Lithodes and
Porcellana.

This tribe was first defined by Branpt, the distinguished
zoologist of St. Petersburg. He describes two species, both
from the northwest coast of America. The most common
crab found on the shores of Jesso, one of the Japanese

, @ e,-: eee oh
me ve a a
40 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

islands, belongs to this division. They live under flat
stones, from half-tide to low-water mark, and represent the ~
Porcellane of warmer latitudes. q

DERMATURUS MANDTIL Brande.

Dermaturus Mandtii, Branpt; Mélanges Biologiques, i. 57.

Hab. Island of St. Paul.
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

HAPALOGASTER MERTENSI. Brandt.
Hapalogaster Mertensii, Branpr; Meélanges Biologiques, i. 58.

Hab. Sitka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

Trine PORCELLANIDEA.
PORCELLANA EDWARDS. De Saussure.
Porcellana Edwardsii. De Saussure ; Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. v. 366. Pl. XI. f. 3.

Carapax strigose; surface of hands scabrous; anterior
margin of carpus in the first pair of feet, and of the third
article in the remaining pairs, strongly toothed.

Hab. Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)

Mus. Paris.

PORCELLANA RUPICOLA. Stimpson.
KY Plate XFX. f. 2.
Porcellana rupicola, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 85.

Carapax moderately depressed ; front triangular, consid-
erably deflected, with a blunt extremity, and a notch or
groove at the base separating it from the orbit. Surface of
the feet and anterior half of the carapax scarcely rugose,
with granules but slightly prominent. ‘The portion of the —

a

ss

Pacific Shores of North America. 41

upper surface between the eyes is depressed, with a shallow
median groove. Ocular peduncles broad; eyes small. Su-
perior margin of orbit somewhat concave. External anten-
ne one and a half times as long as the carapax; flagella
with few sete, some of which are twice as long as the
width of the flagellum. Anterior feet very large and broad;
margins smooth; carpus scabrous on its infero-exterior sur-
face, and conspicuously granulated above, along the slightly
elevated ridge forming its outer margin, which terminates
anteriorly in a tooth. ‘The surface of the carpus near its
somewhat projecting, rounded, postero-interior angle, is also
granulated. Pincers smooth, with somewhat hooked ex-
tremities. Second, third, and fourth pairs of feet of mod-
erate size ; fourth joint with a slight ridge along the middle
of the upper surface ; fifth joint and tarsus provided with
tufts of hair, which”are most conspicuous in the fourth pair
of feet, in which pair the fourth joint also has sometimes
one or two small tufts near its extremity.

Color, dark purplish-red. Length of carapax in a male
specimen, 0.85 ; breadth, 0.80 ; length of hand, 1.47; breadth,
0.64 inch.

Its affinities are with P. valida, violacea, and granulosa.
It is easily distinguished from the preceding species by the
smooth anterior margin of its carpus.

It is very common among the rocks of the Californian
coast, preferring an open shore, with clear water. It is lit-
toral in its habits, and is usually found at about half-
tide mark. It was taken at the Farallones and at San
Luis Obispo by Lieut. Trowbridge; at Monterey by Mr.
Taylor.

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

6

S

| Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

Trine PAGURIDEA.
EUPAGURUS MIDDENDORFFI. Brandt.

Pagurus (Eupagurus) Middendorffii, Branpr ; Sibirische Reise, Zodlogie, i. 108.
PING fle

Hab. Sitka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

EUPAGURUS SAMUELIS. Stimpson.
Eupagurus Samuelis, Srrrson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 86.

Front acute at the middle. Outer antenne articulated
at the extreme antero-exterior corners of the carapax; ex-
tremity of terminal article of peduncle reaching much
beyond the eyes; flagellum reaching the extremity of the
larger hand. Anterior feet very unequal in size, the right
being much the longer and stouter ; carpus and hand gran-
ulated ; larger hand nearly twice as long as broad; finger
less than half as long as the hand, with a slight crest not
conspicuously denticulated. Left hand narrower than its
carpus, which has a slightly prominent double crest. Feet
of the second and third pairs very slender, somewhat hairy ;
the right foot of the second pair longer than that of the first
pair. Color yellowish. Length three fourths of an inch.

This is a very small species, found in shells of the genera
Nassa, Littorina, etc. It most resembles E. tenwimanus,
from which, however, it may be distinguished by its more
oblong, non-cristate hand. From E£. Middendorffti it differs
in the more prominent granulation of its anterior feet, and
the more numerous and smaller teeth on the inner margin
of the thumb and finger.

It was taken in Tomales Bay, near low-water mark, by
Mr. Samuels, to whom I have dedicated the species, as a
memorial of his labors in this department of science. It is
in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution.

.

Pacific Shores of North America. 43

EUPAGURUS BERNHARDUS. Brandt.

Pagurus Bernhardus, Fasr.; Lntom. Syst. ii. 469.

Pagurus streblonyx, Leacu; Mal. Pod. Brit., Pl. XX VL. f. 1.

Pagurus (Eupagurus) Bernhardus, Branpt; Sibirische Reise, Zodlogie, i. 106.
Bernhardus streblonyx, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad. 1852, vi. 6.

This is an Arctic species, found on both shores of the
continent. :

Hab. Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.

Brandt’s name Lupagurus has priority over Bernhardus
of Dana by a few weeks only; the former appearing in a
work the printing of which was finished (as appears from
the reverse of title-page) Sept. 30, 1851 ; while Dana’s name
was presented at the Philadelphia Academy’s meeting of
the same date, and could not therefore have been printed
until October.

EUPAGURUS MERTENSI. Brandt.
Pagurus (Eupagurus) Mertensii, Branpr; Svbirische Reise, Zodl. i. 112.

Differs from E. Bernhardus in its longer and more slender
chele.

Hab. Kadjak, Nootka Sound, and coast of Upper Cali-
fornia, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.

EUPAGURUS TENUIMANUS. Stimpson.

Bernhardus tenuimanus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i, 447.
Pie V be f27.

The hands in this species are very unequal; the larger
one is short and broad, but thin, and granulose. Carapax
and feet all without pubescence.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

44 Crustacea and. Echinodermata of the

EUPAGURUS ARMATUS. Stimpson.

Bernhardus armatus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., i. 442.
PT XeXe Vali ie

Distinguished by its spinulose feet, which, together with
the carapax, are apparently destitute of hair.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

EUPAGURUS HIRSUTIUSCULUS. Stimpson.

Bernhardus hirsutiusculus, Dana, U.S, Exploring Expedition, Crust., i. 443.
Ply VES.

Differs from E. Mertensii in its proportionably longer
tarsi. Body everywhere hairy.

Hab. Dungeness, Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Expedition.

CLIBANARIUS TURGIDUS. Stimpson.
Plate XXI. f. 1.
Eupagurus turgidus, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 86.

Carapax rough, hairy, scabrous at the sides. Front
broad, with an acute point at the middle, and one on either
side, between the bases of the outer antenna and the pedun-
cle of the eye. Antenne very hairy; inner ones three
fourths as long as the outer ones, which are shorter than the
carapax. Eyes at the extremities of rather long, slender
peduncles, reaching the extremity of the terminal joint of
the peduncle of the outer antenne. Chelopoda equal,
rather short, covered above with short spines and tufts of
long hair; hands short and very thick, strongly tumid be-
low; finger about half as long as the hand; both finger and
thumb with a few calcareous teeth near the base on the sur-
face of contact, and a sharp, corneous, minutely denticulated

sel
Pacific Shores of North America. 45

cutting edge near the extremity. Feet of the second and
third pairs nearly equal; those on the right side sometimes
slightly the longer ; all spinulose and very hairy throughout
their length. Tarsi much longer than the penult joint.
Color yellowish, obscured by the hirsute covering; eye
peduncles and internal antenne with a longitudinal streak
of crimson. Length about three inches.

It differs from C. equabilis in its longer tarsi, greater size,
and less variegated coloration. It may be distinguished
from the other Oregon Paguri by its equal hands and hairy
tarsi.

Found in large shells of the genera Buccinum, Tritonium,
etc.,in Puget Sound. The specimens described were col-
lected by Dr. Suckley.

Mus. Smithsonian.

CLIBANARIUS ZQUABILIS. Dana.

Clibanarius xquabilis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust.,i. 464. Pl.
XXIX. f. 4.
C. zqualis, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 175.

Hab. California, (Dr. Le Conte.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana.

Trizge HIPPIDEA.

ALBUNEA LUCASIL De Saussure.
Albuminea Lucasia, DE Saussure; Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. v. 367. Pl. XII. f. 4.

This species, according to M. Ds Saussurz, differs from
A. symnista in having the anterior margin of the carapax
less sinuous, and in its long, styliform ocular peduncles,
which are closely approximated at the base, leaving the
angle between them very acute and narrow.

Hab. Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.

a)

wn

46 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

BLEPHAROPODA OCCIDENTALIS. Randall.

Blepharipoda occidentalis, RanpaLti; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 131.
Pl. VI. Grpses ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 187.
Albunhippa occidentalis, Dana ; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 404.

Blepharopoda is a well-marked genus first instituted by
Ranpatu in 1839; and subsequently named Albunhippa by
Mitne-Epwarps in the Archives du Muséum @ Histoire
Naturelle, Vol. II. (1841.) The name Blepharopus occurs
in Entomology; but this is scarce near enough to Ran-
DALL’s term to warrant its rejection.

Hab. San Diego, ( Nuttall.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.

HIPPA ANALOGA. Stimpson.

Hippa emerita, DE Saussure; Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. v. 367.
Hippa talpoidea, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 175.
Hippa analoga, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 85.

In an examination of a great number of specimens of the
common Californian Hippa, and a careful comparison of
them with specimens from all parts of the eastern coast of
the United States, I find differences which are so constant,
that it is not difhcult to determine at a glance, with regard
to any specimen, whether it be from the eastern or western
side of our continent. ‘This being the case, I have been
led to propose a new name for the western species.

It differs from H. talpoidea in the following characters. It is
much broader,—the breadth of the carapax being to its length
as 1 to 1.29; against 1:143 in talpoidea. Vt is more de-
pressed, and the back is much less arched and convex, along
the middle. In H. talpoidea the posterior margin of the cara-
pax is concave on each side, and its postero-inferior corner
forms a lobe-like projection ; while in our species the mar-
gin is straight and forms no projection. In H. talpoidea
the upper surface is rugose only toward the extremities,

Pacific Shores of North America. 47

chiefly the anterior one, while it is smooth in the middle ;—
in our species it is generally everywhere rugose, except at
the postero-inferior wings, and much more so anteriorly
than in the other species. In female individuals of equal
length, the terminal segment of the abdomen is one sixth
longer in 7. talpoidea than in H. analoga. Finally there are
slight differences in the details of the feet and antenna, not
as well marked, however, nor as constant as those of the
carapax. One of the most prominent of these is in the
spines of the acicle or appendicular scale of the outer anten-
ne, which in our species are somewhat longer, more slender,
and more curved, than in the eastern one.

Compared with H. emerita, the teeth of the frontal mar-
gin of the carapax are found to be much less acute than in
that species ; the spines of the acicle are not as long, and
are curved inward instead of outward.

It is of a bluish or cinereous color above, and yellowish-
white below; the fringing hairs are mostly black. The
dimensions of a female specimen from Tomales Bay are
as follows: length of carapax, 1.19; breadth, 0.91.

It inhabits sandy beaches on the open coast.

Hab. Tomales Bay, (Samuels;) near San Francisco,
(Trowbridge ;) Monterey, (Taylor;) and Mazatlan, (Ver-
reaux.)

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

Trine GALATHEIDEA.

GRIMOTEA GREGARIA. Leach.

Galathea gregaria, Fasr.

Grimotea gregaria, Leacn; Dict. des Sci. Nat. xviii. 50. Owxzn; Zodl. of ©
Beechey’s Voy. p. 87. See figure in Dawna’s Report on the Crustacea of the
Exploring Expedition, Atlas, Pl. XX XI. f. 1.

A pelagic species, found swimming at the surface off the
coast of California by the naturalists of the “ Blossom.”
Mus. Zool. Soc. of London.

v6

48 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

DECAPODA MACROURA.

Trinr THALASSINIDEA.
GEBIA PUGETTENSIS. Dana.
Plate XXI. f. 2.

Gebia Pugettensis, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i.510, Pl. XXXII.
f. 1. ;
Gebia Californica, Stimpson; Proc, Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

The Gebia may be distinguished from the other fossorial
Macroura of this coast, by its rough, hairy rostrum, and
equal anterior feet.

The thumb in this species (see the figure) is considerably
curved, and bears on its inner side a strong tooth. This
tooth is a prominent character in all the very numerous
specimens in the Smithsonian Museum, but is obsolete in
the specimen described by Dana, although actual compari-
son shows them to be the same. The species attains a
large size, the dimensions of an Oregon specimen being as
follows :—

Length of the animal . : . : ; 4 ‘ 4.00 inches
“ carapax - : é - . . Ubsyel
. «hand P 4 ; : . : A 100m
Width “ carapax . : ; ; : : : Fiokdjee | Mc
Z ‘abdomen : : ; 2 : : 1705.05
ae «hand > , : ; : : ; AG TIS

A curious parasitic bivalve, apparently new, both in
genus and species, is frequently found adhering by its
byssus to the inner surface of the abdomen of this crus-
tacean. It approximates in character to the genus Lepton.

Gebia Pugettensis is found on the whole coast from
Puget Sound to Monterey. It excavates its subterranean
chambers in the sand and mud of beaches, near low-water
mark, preferring that which is more or less indurated.

Pacific Shores of North America. 49

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian ; Expl. Ex-
ped. ; Acad. Petrop.

CALLIANASSA GIGAS. Dana.
Plate XXI.f. 3.

Callianassa gigas, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 512.
PL. XXXII. f. 3.

The Callianasse, like the Gebiae, lead a subterranean life,
and by these are formed the numerous holes, half an inch
or more in diameter, which may be observed on most sandy
beaches. ‘They may be distinguished by their thin, soft
shell, and smooth, glossy carapace. One of the hands is
invariably much larger than the other, and this may be
either the right or left in the same species. In C. gigas the
larger hand is remarkably short and stout. Length, often
five inches.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

CALLIANASSA CALIFORNIENSIS. Dana.

Plate X XI. f. 4.

Callianassa Californiensis, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii.
p. 175.
Callianassa occidentalis, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

Eye-peduncles subtriangular, closely approximated at
their bases, but diverging and curving a little upward at
their pointed tips. Length of the external antenne two
thirds that of the body. The larger of the anterior feet is
smooth and glossy on the sides, and ciliate along the edges.
Hand broadest at the base, but little longer than the carpus
and much less in breadth. A considerable hiatus intervenes
between the fingers when closed, and- between their bases

7

. . ; ee
50 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the \

arises a small but prominent blunt tooth, which curves
upward. Movable finger half as long as the hand, with
hooked extremity ; inferior edge swelling out near the base;
and minutely denticulated. Both fingers hirsute with scat-
tered tufts of hair. Color of the body a delicate orange ;
anterior feet rose-colored. Length, three inches. The pro-
portional dimensions as compared with the other species,
will be given in the table under C. longimana. In this
species, I have seen only one case in which the left hand is
the larger.

Hab. San Francisco Bay, near its mouth, (Trask ;) Fort
Steilacoom, Puget Sound, (Suckley.)

Mus. Smithsonian; Cal. Acad.

CALLIANASSA LONGIMANA. Stimpson.

Plate XXI. f. 5.

Callianassa longimana, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 86.

A slender species, closely allied to the preceding, from
which it may be distinguished by the following characters :
It is more slender and elongated, and grows to a larger size,
being often four inches in length. The outer maxillipeds
are less broad. ‘The larger foot of the anterior pair, (see
figure,) which is most frequently on the left side, is more
slender and less hairy than in the preceding species, with
the hand much longer and of equal breadth with the
carpus. In our species the carpus is shorter than the body
of the hand, while in C. Californiensis it is longer. In the
smaller chelopod, the fingers are of equal length in our
species, while in C. Californiensis the finger exceeds the
thumb in length. With C. gigas our species would never
be confounded on account of the great difference in the
length of the hand. The three species resemble each other
very much, however, in general appearance and characters
other than those derived from the chelopoda. The follow-
ing table will show their relative proportions :—

On
—

Pacific Shores of North America.

3
x ,
Ss S
a = S
S S S

Length of the body from anterior extremity
of carapax to end of caudal segment ie Ie ibe

Lengthof carapax. : : : - 24 .28 24
Breadth of — do. : : : é . .16 ‘il 16
Breadth of abdomen at 3d segment .20 022 19
Length of caudal segment < ; : 10 13 11
Length of larger chelopod . : : F 55 81 70
OSES rere avi dan |e he te c : a2, 18 a2
a= = Carpus 6 E . : 5 ll 24 15
“< - *¢“body of hand = : : : alle 13 16
Pe inger : c - ; - .06 14 a2

C. longimana was found in considerable numbers at Fort
Steilacoom, Puget Sound, by Dr. Suckley.
Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

Trine ASTACIDEA.

PANULIRUS INTERRUPTUS. Stimpson.

Palinurus interruptus, RanpaLti; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 137.
GipBEs; loc. cit. p..194.
Panulirus interruptus, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 88.

This is the common “lobster” of the San Francisco
market ; and is the langouste of the French. It inhabits
rocky ledges in rather deep water, and is taken in consid-
erable numbers by the fishermen at Santa Barbara and
other ports on the coast south of San Francisco. North of
this point it is never found. The traps, or “ pots” used in
their capture are similar to those in which lobsters are
taken on the New England coast, consisting of a strong
wooden basket, with a funnel-shaped entrance projecting
inwards. The bait used, however, is generally meat of
some kind rather than fish.

Mus. Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

Saal

oO2 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

A species of Panulirus in the British Museum is said to
have been brought from *Sitka,—a very high latitude for
this genus, if the locality is correct. It is catalogued as
P. sulcatus, which is an East Indian species.

ASTACUS GAMBELI. Agassiz.

Cambarus Gambelii, Girarp; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, vi. 90.
Astacus Gambelii, AGAss1z; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1853, vi. 375.

This species may be distinguished by the partly pilose
upper surface of its chele, and the convex serrated margins
of its rostrum, which has no distinct antero-lateral teeth or
angles.

Hab. California, (Gambel.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

ASTACUS NIGRESCENS. Stimpson.
Astacus nigrescens, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 87.

Rostrum concave above; margins nearly parallel, den-
ticulated with five or six small sharp spines on either ‘side.
Thoracic spines of the anterior pair rather long; a pair of
minute spines between them and the posterior pair. Dorsal
area between the branchial regions about as wide as in
A. Gambelii. Hands smaller and less broad than in the
preceding species; surface without pubescence. The sides
of the abdominal segments (lateral projections of the dorsal
arch) are sharply triangular. Color blackish. The follow-
ing are the dimensions of a male specimen :—

Length of body . : : - . ; 5 : 3.10 inches
carapax ° : . . A 5 ; 1°60)5) =
Width of “ oss : : ‘ : 83%
Length of rostrum : 4 : : : P : One
“ terminal of spine of rostrum > , : SDs gra
“: hand. ; : : : = ; - 20 et

Width of “ ; - : - 3 2 : 450

Pacific Shores of North America. 53

Hab. California. My specimens were purchased in the
market of San Francisco.
Mus. Smithsonian.

ASTACUS LENIUSCULUS. Dana.

Astacus leniusculus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 524.
JA ROOUU Ese al
May be recognized by its well-developed thoracic spines,
and light color.
Hab. Columbia River, (Expl. Exped. ;) Puget Sound,
(Expl. Exped., and Dr. Suckley.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.; Smithsonian.

ASTACUS TROWBRIDGI. Stimpson.
Astacus Trowbridgii, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 87.

This large species has a general resemblance to A. lenius-
culus. It differs from that species in having much less
prominent thoracic spines, the posterior pair of which is
here but little developed, even in adult specimens. The
rostrum is also somewhat shorter and broader than in the
preceding species, with smooth, nearly parallel sides; ter-
minal tooth of moderate length; antero-lateral teeth suffi-
ciently prominent. Dorsal area broader than in A. Gambelii,
but narrower than in A. leniusculus. Hands large, robust,
equal in size; surface rough; fingers spinulose. A promi-
nent sharp spine on the superior edge of the brachium near
its extremity.

This species is of a reddish-olive color in preserved speci-
mens, probably much darker in life. The color of the chele
is much darker than that of the body. ‘The dimensions of
a male specimen are as follows :—

Length of body : : : : 3 é 4 4.80 inches
Breadth s . : , : 5 ¢ : ; Jes} 0))
Length of rostrum : : : ON

« terminal tooth of rostrum . c 0 : sSiteaes

& hand . ; ie é : c : ZoOW

. Breadth of “ 5 é P P : : F 5 Wb ss

p44

54 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

This species was found abundantly near Astoria by
Lieut. Trowbridge. It occurs sometimes in brackish water,
as I am informed by Dr. Cooper.

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Smithsonian; Paris; Acad. Petrop.

ASTACUS KLAMATHENSIS. Stimpson.
Astacus Klamathensis, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, vi. 87.°

A small species with a smooth carapax; thorax some-
what contracted in front. Thoracic spines of the anterior
pair very small; those of the posterior pair obsolete. Ros-
trum small; margins smooth, converging; antero-lateral
teeth sufficiently distinct ; terminal tooth short. Dorsal
area broad. Anterior feet with rather small, smoothish
hands ; inferior edge of arm less strongly dentated than in
the other species. Sides of the abdominal segments broadly
rounded, scarcely at all angular at the middle. The minute
lateral spines of the caudal segment are rather short and
stout. Color, in preserved specimens, yellowish-white, clear
and bright; hand slightly tinted with olive or bluish. The
dimensions of a female specimen are as follows :—

Length of body . : : i ‘ , : F 3.00 inches
+ carapax : : - ; . . : PSG
ty rostrum é : ‘ : - . F 2g) bake
* terminal tooth of rostrum . é ‘ ‘ 1047 8
(- hand . . ‘ ‘ ; . P ’ 80:09
Breadth of ‘“ P : ; , . ; ; F 40-5 ¥

It may be distinguished from the preceding species by
its lighter color, shorter and somewhat tapering rostrum,
less developed spines, and smaller hands. It was found in
Klamath Lake by Dr. Newberry.

Mus. Smithsonian

’

Pacific Shores of North America. 313)

ASTACUS OREGANUS. Randall.

Astacus Oreganus, Ranpaxy; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 138, Pl. VII.
Ericuson ; Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1846, i. 375.
Cambarus Oreganus, Girard; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, vi. 87.

Dr. Ranpauu’s single specimen of this species was unfor-
tunately lost by the artist employed in delineating it. No
other example has since been found, although its locality
has been since repeatedly searched. If the figure in the
eighth volume of the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy
is correct, this is a very remarkable species, differing from all
others known, in possessing a median thoracic spine as well
as in the length of the terminal rostral tooth; and above all in
the singular lateral appendages of the abdominal segments.

Hab. Columbia River, ( Nuttall.)

NEPHROPS OCCIDENTALIS. Randall.

Nephrops occidentalis, Ranpatit; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 139.
GibBeEs ; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p. 195.

This curious lobster-like crustacean may be recognized
by the three rows of spines on the dorsal surface of the
carapax. Itis a marine species, and grows to a length of
six inches. It was found on the “ West Coast of America,”
by Nurrauy. The fine specimen in the cabinet of the
Philadelphia Academy is the only one yet known.

Trine CARIDEA.
CRANGON FRANCISCORUM. Stimpson.
Plate XXII. f. 5.
Crangon Franciscorum, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, i. 89.

This species is more slender and depressed than is usual
in the genus. Rostrum small, subtriangular, rounded in
front. Spines of the thorax nearly as in C. vulgaris. Hand

56 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

large, (see figure,) with an oblique palm, more nearly lon-
gitudinal than transverse, occupying nearly one third of
the length of its inner side; thumb-like process long and
spiniform. Sternal spine long, and followed by two or
three sharp tubercles on the succeeding thoracic segments.
A small sharp spine on each side of the abdomen at the
supero-lateral angle of the antepenultimate segment. Cau-
dal segment long, slender, and pointed, smoothly rounded
above. Color light and dark yellowish-gray, mottled. Eyes
salmon-colored in life. Length about three inches. .

The peculiar character of the hand in this species will
enable it to be readily distinguished from all others.

This is the common shrimp of the San Francisco market.
It is found very abundantly in the sandy coves around the
Bay, is perhaps the most valuable crustacean of this coast,
for besides being used as food, it is the common, and almost
the only bait with which fish of all kinds are taken.

Among other localities in which this species has been
found, the following may be mentioned: Puget Sound,
(Suckley ;) Shoalwater Bay, (Cooper ;) Tomales Bay, (Sam-
uels ;) and Monterey, (‘Taylor.)

Mus. Bost. Soe.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

CRANGON NIGRICAUDA. Stimpson.

Plate XXII. f. 6.

Crangon vulgaris, Owen, (non Fasr.) Z00/. of Beechey’s Voyage, p.87. Dana,
U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 536, ii. 561.
Crangon nigricauda, Stimpson ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 89.

This species resembles very closely the common shrimp
of Europe and of the Northern United States. It differs,
however, from that species in its broader carapax, its slightly
smaller, and comparatively shorter hand, and more pointed
caudal segment, which has also a shallow longitudinal fur-
row along the upper surface. The antepenultimate abdom-

Pacific Shores of North America. 57

inal segment exhibits a rather sharp ridge along the dorsal
edge, which is not perceptible in C. vulgaris. These differ-
ences are indeed very slight, but they are nevertheless con-
stant, and taken together with the remoteness of the
geographical limits of the two forms, they seem to indicate
with certainty a specific diversity.

The color of our species is a very dark gray, or blackish,
becoming entirely black at the tail. Hands tinted with ©
lilac. The hand (see figure) is very different from that of
C. Franciscorum, but even without reference to this char-
acter, the black tail will enable any one readily to pick out
specimens of this species from the heaps of the common
kind which may be seen on every fish-stand in the market.

C. nigricauda is much less abundant in San Francisco
Bay than the preceding species, and is found in deeper

‘water. It occurs in Puget Sound, (Exploring Expedition 5)

at the mouth of the Columbia, (Trowbridge;) Tomales
Bay, (Samuels ;) and at Monterey, (Capt. Beechey.)

Mus. Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian; Expl. Ex-
ped.; Paris; Acad. Petrop.; R. C. 8.; Zodl. Soc.

CRANGON MUNITUS. Dana.

Crangon munitus, Dana ;. U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 536. Pl. XX XIII.
£..5;

Remarkable for the four strong spines with which its
carapax is armed on the superior surface.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

PARACRANGON ECHINATUS. Dana.

Paracrangon echinatus, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 538.
Pl. XXXIIL f. 6.

With the hands of a Crangon this species resembles
8

58 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

Hippolyte in its long elevated rostrum and inflexed abdo-
men. ‘The carapax is everywhere spinous.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

ATYA SCABRA. Leach.

Atyascabra, Leacn; Zodl. Miscel. v. iii. Pl. CXX XI. Mitnze-Epwarps; Hist.
Nat. des Crust, ii. 348. Pl. XXIV. f. 15-19. Newport; An. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1847, xix. 159.

Atya Mexicana, WirGMANN; Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1836, i. 145.

The specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti-

tution from the fresh waters of Western Mexico agree in
all their characters with the description given by Wisc-
MANN Of his A. Mexicana, while they are exactly repre-
sented by the published figures of A. scabra. Under these
circumstances, I have ventured to cite WirGmann’s name
as asynonym. Mrine-Epwarps considers A. scabra to be
a marine form, but there is great doubt that any species of
the genus is found in the sea.

Hab. Misantla, (Deppe ;) Western Mexico, (Mus. Smith-
sonian.)

Mus. Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian; Paris; Berlin; Brit.
Mus.

HIPPOLYTE AFFINIS. Owen.

Hippolyte affinis, Owen; Zodl. of Beechey’s Voyage, 90, Pl. XX VII. f. 4.

Hab. Monterey, (Capt. Beechey.)
Mus. R. C. 8.3; Zodl. Soe.

HIPPOLYTE LAMELLICORNIS. Dana.

Hippolyte lamellicornis, Dana ; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 567.
Pl. XXXVILE 6.

This species is very closely allied to EH. Ochotensis,
Branpt, and to 1. affinis, Owen. From the latter it ap-
pears to differ in wanting teeth on the inferior side of the
rostrum.

Hab. Straits of De Fuca, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.

md

Pacific Shores of North America. 59

HIPPOLYTE LAYI. Owen.

Hippolyte Layi, Owen; Zodl. of Beechey’s Voyage, 90, Pl. XXVII. f. 3.
Branpt; Sibirische Reise, Zodl. i. 117.

In this and the succeeding species the rostrum is much
longer than in any other herein mentioned, often exceeding
three fourths that of the thorax. Only two or three of the
dorsal teeth belong to the thorax proper, and the posterior
one of these is at about the anterior third of its length.

Hab. Monterey, (Capt. Beechey.)

Mus. R. C. 8; Zool. Soc.

HIPPOLYTE SITCHENSIS. Brande.
Hippolyte Sitchensis, Branpr ; Sibirische Reise, Zodl.i. 116, Pl. V.f. 18.

- This differs from H. Layi, in having a smaller number of
larger and more crowded teeth on the rostrum, but it is
probably only a variety.

Hab. Sitka, (Brandt;) Monterey, (A. 8. Taylor.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

HIPPOLYTE PALPATOR. Owen.

Hippolyte palpator, Owen; Zodl. of Beechey’s Voyage, 89. Pl. XX VID f. 3.
Branpvt; Sibirische Reise, Zodl.i.117. Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acud. Nat.
Sci. i. 89.

This species may be determined by its rather slender
form, small rostrum, and very long outer maxillipeds. The
dorsal crest is six-toothed above, the posterior tooth being
just in front of the middle of the thorax. The rostrum is
very slender, about one fourth as long as the thorax, and
tapers to a sharp, sometimes bifid, extremity.

Hab. Monterey, (Capt. Beechey.)

Mus. R. C. 8.; Zool. Soc.

00

60 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

HIPPOLYTE BREVIROSTRIS. Dana.

Hippolyte brevirostris, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 566. PI.
XXXVI. f.5. Srimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sct. i. 89.

Some individuals of this species approach so closely to
HT, palpator, that I am half inclined to consider it as a
variety. Both are characterized by having greatly elongated
outer maxillipeds, two subocular teeth on the margin of
the carapax, and large thoracic dorsal teeth, the posterior
one near the middle of the thorax. H. brevirostris is ap-
parently a more robust species; the rostrum is generally
shorter, and has fewer teeth; and the shield of the second
abdominal segment is much larger than that of HZ. palpator
as figured by Owen. ‘The slender flagellum of the internal
antenne is generally scarcely longer than the stout one.
Posterior feet moderately spinulose. Basal joints of outer
maxillipeds with serrated margins. Color, uniform light
crimson or scarlet.

Hab. Straits of De Fuca, (Expl. Exped.;) San Francisco
Bay, (W. 8.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.; Phil. Acad.; Smithsonian.

HIPPOLYTE TAYLORI. Stimpson, n. s.

In this species the rostrum is exceedingly short, consisting
only of the small terminal tooth of the dorsal crest, and
projecting scarcely beyond the anterior margin of the thorax.
This dorsal crest is serrated with six teeth, including the
terminal one. The posterior tooth is at the middle of the
thorax ; and the second and third (from the front) are rather
above than behind the first, which is much the smallest.
There is a single sharp spine beneath the eye, but hardly a
vestige of another beneath this. The feet of the first pair
are very stout; those of the second pair reach the tips of
the maxillipeds. ‘This species is more slender than the

Pacific Shores of North America. 61

preceding, and is further distinguished by the extreme short-
ness of the rostrum.

Found at Monterey, by Alexander 8. Taylor, Esq., to
whom this species is dedicated in recognition of his ser-
vices in enriching our collections with new forms of Cali-
fornian animals.

Mus. Smithsonian.

PANDALUS PUBESCENTULUS, Dana.

Pandalus pubescentulus, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. i. 568.
Pl. XXXVI. f. 8.

Rostrum seven-toothed below, and, including the dorsal
ridge, seventeen-toothed above; teeth small; apex of ros-
trum bifid. Surface minutely pubescent.

The Pandali may be distinguished from the Hippolytes
by their non-chelate anterior feet.

P. pubescentulus is known only by the excellent figures
and description of Dana, drawn from specimens collected in
the Straits of De Fuca, by the Exploring Expedition, in
the Museum of which they are deposited.

PANDALUS BOREALIS. Kroyer.

Pandalus borealis, Krorer ; Tidsskrift, 1838, ii. 254. Branpr; Sibirische
Reise, Zobl. i. 122.

This species is common to the boreal waters of both
oceans.

Hab. Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.

PANDALUS PLATYCEROS. Brandt.
Pandalus platyceros, Branpt; Sibirische Reise, Zodl. i. 123.

Hab. Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

be

62 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

PANDALUS HYPSINOTUS. Brandt.
Pandalus hypsinotus, Branpr; Svbirische Reise, i. 125.

Hab. Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.
The preceding four species appear to resemble each other

closely, and may perhaps be reduced to two upon more

careful examinations of numerous individuals. Having no
specimens of any of them, I have preferred to follow pre-
vious authors rather than to attempt identifications from
descriptions alone.

PANDALUS DANE. Stimpson.

PLEX fo G7.
Pandalus Danze, Stimpson; Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 87.

Thorax glabrous. Twelve teeth on the superior edge of
the rostrum, including the dorsal crest, the posterior one
being at about the middle of the carapax. Rostrum smooth
above near its trifid apex, and six-toothed below, the basal
tooth being large and much curved. Feet spinulose; the
spinules on the third joints few and distant. Length two
and five tenths inches.

This species differs from all of those above mentioned in
the much smaller number of teeth on the dorsal crest. The
trifid apex is also quite characteristic.

Dredged opposite Fort Townsend, in Puget Sound, by
Capt. Murden, of the cutter “Jefferson Davis.” This, with
several other species of great interest, were forwarded by
Dr. Suckley.

Mus. Smithsonian; Phil. Acad.

PALEMON BRACHYDACTYLUS. Wiegmann.

Palemon brachydactylus, WirGMANN; Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1836, i. 148.

Inhabits the fresh waters of Western Mexico.
Mus. Berlin.

e

Pacific Shores of North America. 63

PALEMON HETEROCHIRUS. Wiegmann.

Palzmon heterochirus, W1EGMANN ; Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1836, i. 149.

This is another of the large fresh-water shrimps of
Mexico. They frequently attain a length of two feet, in-
cluding that of the chelopoda, which are at least as long as
the body.

Mus. Berlin.

STOMAPODA.

SQUILLA DESAUSSUREI. Stimpson.
Squilla scabricanda, DesAussuRE, (non Latr.) Rev. et Mag. de Zodl. v. 367.

Hab. Mazatlan, ( Verreaux.)
Mus. of M. Verreaux, Paris.

ISOPODA.

IDOTEA CONSOLIDATA. Stimpson.

‘Idotxa Sntbolidlns STIMPSON ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 89.

Body convex, broadest at the fourth thoracic segment.
First four segments of thorax larger in every dimension
than the last three, each bearing an umbo near the lateral
margin, which is turned up a little. A sharp, slightly
elevated transverse ridge across the thorax on each segment
near its posterior margin. No distinct epimeral sutures.
Abdomen convex, formed of a single piece, with a slight
transverse impressed line, indicating the partial separation
of an anterior segment; it is narrowed toward the posterior
extremity, which is terminated by a slight concavity. Head
emarginate at the middle in front; cephalic suture distinct,
separating a small segment from the posterior part of the
head; eyes strongly convex, laterally projecting ; a promi-
nent minute tubercle just in front of each eye. External
-antenne half as long as the body; flagellum with ten

hed

64 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

oblong joints. Internal antenne reaching to the fourth
joint of the peduncle of the external ones. Feet slender,
slightly pilose, with rather long hairs; their terminal joints
elongated. Color in one specimen opaque whitish ; in
another, reddish and brownish, mottled. Length, 0.4;
breadth, 0.18 inch. Taken on a sandy bottom in ten
fathoms, in the Bay of San Francisco near its entrance.

Mus. N. P. Expl.

IDOTEA WOSNESSENSKII. Brandt.

Idotza Wosnessenskii, Branpr; Sibirische Reise, Zodl. i. 146.

Idotza hirtipes, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 704. Pl. XLVI.
T.6:

Idotiea Oregonensis, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 175.

An exceedingly common species, of a dark green color,
found among sea-weeds on rocky or stony shores between
high-water and half-tide marks.

Fiab. Atcha and Sitka, (Wosnessenski;) Puget Sound,
(Suckley,) “ Oregon,” (Expl. Exped. ;) Shoalwater Bay,
(Cooper;) Upper California, (Wosnessenski, Le Conte ;)
San Francisco Bay, (Stimpson.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.; Paris; Expl. Exped.; Smithsonian ;
Phil. Acad.; Bost. Soe.

IDOTEA MEEK. Dana. semnteenehd

Idotwa media, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 175." Vhuig

Differs from the preceding species in having a compara-
tively longer abdomen.

' Hab. California, (Le Conte )
Mus. of Prof. Dana. :

ae

IDOTEA RESECATA. Stimpson.
Pl 6ie
Idotxa resecata, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 88.

Body slender, convex along the middle above; thorax
flat or even concave below. Greatest breadth at the sixth

Pacific Shores of North America. 65

thoracic segment. Abdomen subrectangular, broadest ante-
riorly, nearly twice as long as broad, and equalling in length
the four preceding thoracic segments taken together; its
sides slightly concave; posterior extremity with a deep con- »
cavity, terminating on either side in a sharp angular pro-
jection or tooth. First and second segments of the abdo-
men sufficiently well marked, the third also distinct on the
sides :—the three occupying the anterior third of the length
of the abdomen. Outer antenne reaching the fourth tho-
racic segment; peduncle rather stout; flagellum 17-articu-
late. Basal article of inner antenne greatly expanded,
suborbicular. The opercular (first) pair of abdominal feet
are broad, with the terminal joint square. Inner sides of
ambulatory feet with short. sete. Color greenish yellow,
with a median line of dark-red. Length, 1.7; breadth, 0.33
inch. Proportion of breadth to length, 1: 5.16.

This species resembles the Mediterranean J. hectica in
general appearance, and is not liable to be confounded with
any other species found on our western coast.

The only specimen known was dredged in the Straits of
DeFuca, opposite Fort Townsend, by Capt. Murden.

Mus. Smithsonian.

SPENOSOMA-GRACILLIMUM. Dana.
Stenosoma gracillimum, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 175.

Hab. California, (Le Conte.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana.

A Ae
SPHERIEES AFFINIS. Dana.

Spherillo affinis, Dana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 176.

A terrestrial species found in California by Dr. Le Conte.
Mus. of Prof. Dana.

66 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

s
Hy

Croke > Lag
PORCELLIO GEMMULATUS. Dana.

Porcellio gemmulatus, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 725.
Pl. XLVII. f. 7. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 176.
Philoscia tuberculata, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 89.

This little wood-louse is somewhat variable in many of
its characters. The dorsal granulation is coarser in some
specimens than in others, and often shows no tendency to
arrangement in rows. ‘The spines of the feet of the second
pair are simple in some specimens. A comparison of many
individuals convinces me of the identity of my Philoscia
tuberculata with the species previously described by Dana.

Hab. Oregon, (Expl. Exped. ;) “ California,” (Le Conte ;)
San Francisco, (Expl. Exped. and N. P. Exped.)

Mus. Expl. Exped.; N. P. Exped.

STYLONISCUS GRACILIS. Dana.

Styloniscus gracilis, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 176.
Hab. California, (Le Conte.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana.
ALLONISCUS PERCONVEXUS. Dana.
Alloniscus perconvexus, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 176.

Hab. California, (Le Conte.)

Mus. of Prof. Dana.

Both the above species, like the two preceding them, are
terrestrial.

LYGIA OCCIDENTALIS. Dana.

Lygia occidentalis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 742.
Pl. XLIX. f. 7—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 176.

The Lygiz are isopoda of rather large size, and nearly
amphibious habits, generally found running about with

Pacific Shores of North America. 67

great velocity among the stones or debris of shores after the
retreat of the tide. They are never found elsewhere than
in close proximity with water, which may be either salt,
brackish, or fresh. LL. occidentalis was originally discovered
on the banks of the Sacramento River, by Dr. Pickering of
the Exploring Expedition, and has since been found in
various parts of California.
st V ff,
LYGIA DILATATA. Stimpson.= oy aed fs —
y, / i?
Pl. XXILf. 8. ass
Lygia dilatata, Stimpson ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 88.

Body variable in its proportions, but usually very broad ;
the proportion of the breadth to the length being often
1:1.5. Surface granulated. Margins of the articulations
raised or thickened, and smooth. Head with a transverse
ridge between the eyes, interrupted at the middle. External
antenne not very slender, reaching the sixth thoracic seg-
ment; flagellum consisting of fourteen scarcely oblong
joints. Caudal appendages, very short, generally not more
than one fifth the length of the body, often even shorter ;
basal joint or peduncle as broad as long, with a sharply
produced angle exterior to the insertion of the stylets, the
inner one of which is provided with a terminal bristle as in
L. occidentalis. Color blackish.

Young specimens are much less broad than the adults,
as the breadth increases with growth much faster than the
length. It is at first difficult to conceive how they can
belong to the same species, but a careful examination of
specimens of all ages shows this to be the case. The di-
mensions of two specimens are as follows :—

Adult, length,....1.42 breadth,....0.96 inch.
Young, cs 0.98 a 0.45 “

Found in considerable numbers in the summer of 1856,
at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, by Dr. George Suckley,
a gentleman to whose assiduous and successful researches
in the field of natural science we are indebted for many

68 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

most interesting additions to the fauna of Washington
Territory.
Mus. Smithsonian.

LIVONECA VULGARIS. Stimpson.

Pie:

Livoneca vulgaris, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 88.

This is the common fish-louse of the San Francisco mar-
ket. It is variable in shape, often distorted, and frequently
abruptly widened at the fifth thoracic segment. Head
small, wider than long; inner antenne somewhat shorter
and stouter than the outer or posterior ones. Epimeral
pieces narrow, separated from the tergal piece in the ante-
rior segments by a distinct suture, in the posterior segments
by a deep incision; the point reaching the margin of the
tergum in the anterior four segments, and not extending
much beyond it in the posterior three. Posterior thoracic
segment deeply sinuated for the reception of the middle
portion of the anterior abdominal segments. Lamelliform
caudal segment always transverse in the adult. Color yel-
lowish gray; posterior pair of false feet always black.
Length, 1.5; breadth, 0.9inch. It resembles L. Desmarestii
in general appearance.

Parasitic on fish of several kinds. ‘Tomales Bay, (Sam-
uels;) San Francisco Bay, (Stimpson ;) Monterey, (‘Trow-
bridge.)

Mus. Smithsonian; Bost. Soc.

EGA MICROPHTHALMA. Dana.

Ega microphthalma, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854. vii. 176.

Hab. “ California,” (Le Conte;) Monterey, (Taylor.)

Mus. Smithsonian.

The body in this species is generally considerably broader
in the young than in the adult. Upper surface covered with

Pacific Shores of North America. 69

a short pubescence. Head and first three thoracic segments
sculptured with impressed lines parallel tothe margin. All
the thoracic segments except the first are provided with
large sculptured epimera; those of the first two pairs
smaller in size, with two submarginal impressed lines ;
those of the posterior five pairs projecting beyond their seg-
ments, and marked with a diagonal median line as well as
one parallel to the lower margin.

The specimens to which the above description applies
approximate somewhat, in the character of the anterior tho-
racic feet, to the genus Cirolana, and, although probably only
a variety of Aga microphthalma, may perhaps prove distinct,
in which case I would propose for them the name Cirolana
pubescens.

2

ed

4 :

~EGACYEEA LECONTIL. Dana.
ZEgacylla LeContii, Dawa; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 177.

Hab. California, (Le Conte.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana.

SPHEROMA OREGONENSIS. Dana.

Sphxroma Oregonensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 778.
Pl. LI. f.4. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vii. 177.

This little crustacean is very common on the coasts of
California and Oregon, and congregates in large numbers
under stones near low-water mark in sheltered situations.
It looks very much like an Oniscus, or pill-bug, rolling itself
into a ball when disturbed. It was found in Puget Sound,
(Pickering ;) Shoalwater Bay, (Cooper;) and in San Fran-
cisco Bay, (Expl. Exped.)

Mus. Smithsonian; Bost. Soc.; Phil. Acad.; Paris;
Acad. Petrop.

70 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

SPHEROMA AMPLICAUDA. Stimpson.

Pl. XXIII. f. 1.

Spheroma amplicauda, Stimpson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. 89.

Body gradually widening from the head backwards.
Thorax transversely ridged, the ridges corresponding in
number to the segments; and provided with three (some-
times five) longitudinal rows of small tubercles, those of the
middle row becoming gradually larger posteriorly, the termi-
nal one subspiniform, pointing backward. Epimeral pieces,
distinct and well separated, especially those of the posterior
segments, and thickened so as to give a raised margin to
the thorax. Abdomen large, forming two fifths of the
length of the body, triangular, terminating in an acute
point; segments all coalescent with the exception of the
first, next the abdomen, which is distinctly separate, and
bears a tubercle on either side in the line of those of the
thorax. ‘There are sometimes also two slight, approximated
tuberculous ridges, along the middle of the anterior half of
the caudal plate. Lamelle of posterior pair of false feet
very large, much expanded, but not extending posteriorly
beyond the extremity of the abdominal plate; the exterior
margin of the outer lamella is anteriorly much reflexed.
The antenne in this species are rather long.

Dimensions,—Length, 0.25 inch
Breadth at seventh thoracic segment, Oto
“of caudal extremity including appendages, 0.17 “

The epimera in this species are much more distinct than
is usual in the genus. A few specimens were found adher-
ing to some fragments of star-fishes picked up on the beach
of ‘Tomales Bay, by Mr. Samuels.

Mus. Smithsonian.

Pacific Shores of North America. 71

ANISOPODA.

ARGEIA PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Argeia Pugettensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 804.
Pl. LIE. f. 7.

Found under the thoracic shield of Crangon munitus.
Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.

ARGEIA PAUPERATA. Stimpson, n. Ss.

This species is somewhat larger than the preceding; the
head is comparatively smaller, more tumid, and bilobate;
the egg-pouch covers the eggs more completely ; and the
thoracic branchial appendages are apparently absent in
some of the anterior segments. The inner branches of the
first three pairs of abdominal appendages are broader;
those of the last three pairs are wanting. Length, 0.39;
breadth, 0.23 inch. ‘This description is taken from a
female.

Found in specimens of Crangon Franciscorum, from San
Francisco Bay.

PHYLLODURUS. ov. gen.

Femine pedes thoracis sat validi, toti ancorales, unguiculati; appendicibus
branchialibus carentes. Appendices abdominis branchiales; superiores late-
rales, laminis duabus xequis magnis elongatis ; inferiores papilliformes. Ab-
dominis segmentus primus setis dorsalibus unguiculatis instructus.

PHYLLODURUS ABDOMINALIS. Stimpson, n. s.

This curious form of parasitic anisopods was found at-
tached to, and lying between the abdominal feet of the com-
mon Gebia, adhering by the sharp hook-shaped terminal

72 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

joints of its feet, and perhaps aided in keeping its position
by the sharp dorsal setee of the abdomen. As might be ex-
pected from this external parasitism, the shape of the body is
symmetrical, being never distorted, as is almost always the
case in those forms which live in the usual position—in the
confined space under the thoracic shield of the shrimp or
cray-fish.

In our species the thorax is somewhat cordate in shape,
broadest behind, the short abdomen being set in the con-
cavity. The thoracic segments are well separated and pro-
vided with distinct tumid epimera; the external envelope
is soft, being even less hard and crustaceous than in Argeia.
The head is somewhat broader than long, strongly tumid,
and in the character of its appendages resembles somewhat
that of Jone. The front projects abruptly, forming a hori-

zontal margin to the head, beneath the anterior part of

which the small inner antenne are concealed. The outer
antenne arise laterally, and behind the inner ones, which
they much exceed in length, being as long as half the width
of the head. ‘There are no thoracic branchial appendages.
The thoracic feet are similar in character throughout; they
gradually increase in length posteriorly, and are each pro-
vided with a small hand, the hooked finger of which is of
moderate length, more than reaching the projecting inferior
angle of the antepenultimate article.

The abdomen is triangular, and consists of six deeply
separated segments, the terminal one being very minute.
The basal segment is much the largest, and bears upon its
dorsal surface two papille, one on each side, which are pro-
vided with short, stiff, somewhat hooked sete. The lateral
extremities of the abdominal segments are split by a mar-
ginal furrow into superior and inferior rami; the latter being
simply conical with two or three circular wrinkles; and the
former (superior) each surmounted by a cylindrical pedicle
which bears two large cultriform lamelle. There are thus
twelve pairs of these lamella, which are of large size, and

Pacific Shores of North America. 73

being crowded, project in different directions, nearly con-
cealing the posterior half of the animal. Each is about
one fifth as broad as long, compressed on the inner and
thickened along the outer or convex edge.

Only females of this species have as yet been found.
The dimensions of one specimen are,

Length of body, : S ; : : . 0.58 inch.
eet COMens : : : c ; Qala
“«< *superiorabdominal appendages, 5 0.24 <“

Breadth of thorax, . 3 2 : ‘ . O145, “

Several examples of this singular crustacean have been
found on Gebie from Puget Sound and Tomales Bay.

AMPHIPODA.

CAPRELLA CALIFORNICA: Stimpson.
Caprella Californica, Srimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 89.

The body in this species is slender. The antenne are
exceedingly variable in their proportions; the flagella of
the superior ones 10-15 articulate; inferior ones subpedi-
form. A more or less developed spine, which curves
forward, and is sometimes of considerable length, is placed
upon the dorsal surface at the anterior extremity of the
first thoracic segment. Hand of the second pair of feet
generally three-toothed on the inner surface; teeth (in full
grown specimens) about equal in size, and placed mostly
toward the outer extremity of the palm. ‘Two or three
sharp tubercles along each of the sides of the branchiferous
segments ; and a short dorsal spine on each of the three
posterior segments. Hands of posterior feet slender. Color,
variable. Length, one inch; breadth, about 0.03 inch.

10

74 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

Found on seaweeds, etc., below low-water mark in San
Francisco Bay, near its entrance.
Mus. of the North Pacific Expedition.

COROPHIUM SPINICORNE. Stimpson.
Corophium spinicorne, Stimpson ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 89.

This species is rather thick and robust in shape. The
inferior antenne are half as long as the body, without fla-
gella, and with a large, curved, sharp-pointed spine at the
inferior extremity of the very thick antepenultimate article.
There is also a stout spine beneath on the basal article,
and a small one at the inner base of the penult. Superior
antenne slender, and but little shorter than the inferior
ones. Feet well brushed with plumose hairs; those of
the first pair with minute subcheliform hands, with the
palm transverse; third and fourth articles with long sete
along the inferior edge. Feet of the second pair simple,
but with the third and fourth joints conjoined laterally, as
if forming a hand, not however subcheliform; the fourth
article is placed inferiorly and fringed with long hairs.
Caudal stylets placed rather underneath than on the sides
of the abdomen, but otherwise much as in C. longicorne,
except that the external ramus in the second pair is
searcely cultriform. Color brownish, darkest at the head,
with transverse bands of light yellow corresponding to the
segments; antenne brownish. Length, 0.4 inch; breadth
at the fifth thoracic segment, 0.08 inch.

It is common among conferve, etc., in the little creeks of
the salt marshes on the shores of San Francisco Bay.

Mus. N. P. Exp.

COROPHIUM SALMONIS. Stimpson, n. s.

In examining anatomically a species of salmon from
Puget Sound, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institu-

ay
. >
’

Pacific Shores of North America. 75

tion, the stomach was found to be filled with Amphipoda,
chiefly a species of Corophium. 'The specimens were not
in a very good state of preservation, but enough remained
to show that although agreeing with the preceding species
in most characters, particularly in the spines of the an-
venne and the hairiness of the feet, they are yet specifically
distinct. The body is rather more elongated and depressed
than in C. spinicorne ; the inferior antennz are much longer,
and the superior ones smaller. The color is a reddish
purple.
Mus. Smithsonian.

ERICHTHONIUS RAPAX. Sfimpson, n. S.

If the obsolescence of the first two pairs of epimera in
Epwarps’ Erichthonius, shall prove a constant and not an
accidental character, the species here described will properly
be referred to Pyctilus, Dana. 'There are small epimera on
the first thoracic segment, and larger ones on the second ;
both narrow, not touching each other. Antenne sub-equal,
one third as long as the body; superior ones with six-
articulate flagella; inferior ones strongly toothed at the
inferior angle of their basal joint, and with ten-articulate
flagella. Mandibular palpi reaching beyond the middle
of the basal joint of the superior antenne. Eyes on lobes
which protrude forward between the bases of the antenne.
Hands of the first pair small, sub-cheliform ; those of the
second pair of great size, with a bi-articulate finger, and a
thumb one third as long as the finger, with a strong tooth
at the middle of its inner side. Color, brownish. Length,
one fourth of an inch.

It was dredged on a sandy bottom at the depth of two
fathoms, in the Bay of San Francisco, near the city.

Mus. N. P. Exp.

76 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

MEGALORCHESTIA SCABRIPES. Stimpson.

Orchestia scabripes, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 860,
Pl. A 24:

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.

MEGALORCHESTIA CALIFORNIANA. Brandt.

Megalorchestia Californiana, Branpv; Bulletin physico-mathém. de? Acad. de
St. Pétersb. ix. 811. Pl. I. f. 1-6.

This differs from M. scabripes among other characters in
the great length of the fifth epimeral, and in having the
outer branch of the first pair of caudal stylets equally spi-
nulose with the inner one. The feet are not scabrous,
while the antenne are so on a considerable portion of their
surface.

Hab. Bodega, (Wosnessenski,) Monterey ; ('Taylor.)

Mus. Acad. Petrop.; Philad.; Smithsonian.

ORCHESTIA CALIFORNIENSIS. Dana.
Orchestia Californiensis, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 177.

Hab. California, (Le Conte;) Puget Sound, (Suckley.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana; Smithsonian.

ORCHESTIA PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Orchestia Pugettensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 859.
Pl. EVIE 3;

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped. ; Smithsonian.

Pacific Shores of North America. 7

ORCHESTIA PICKERINGII, Dana.

Orchestia Pickeringii, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 882,
Pl. LIX. f. 9. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. VXI. 177.

California, (Le Conte.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.

ORCHESTIA TRASKIANA. Stimpson.
Orchestia Traskiana, Stimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 90.

Male, with the inferior antennz about one third as long
as the body; the flagella forming more than half their
length, and consisting of fourteen oblong joints; superior
antenne reaching to the extremity of the second joint of
the inferior ones. Feet of the first pair with a small hand
with a produced lobe at the inferior angle, and a minute
finger, as in O. littorea, pollicifera, etc.; fourth joint and
that preceding it, each with a small tooth below. Feet of
the second pair with an ovate hand, with no teeth on the
oblique, convex, spinous palm, which terminates posteriorly
in a slight notch; finger about half as long as the hand,
smooth and much curved. In the female the first pair of
hands resemble those of the male, except in being smaller,
having less produced lobes, and a comparatively longer
finger; those of the second pair with a small elongated
hand, with a rounded extremity and a rudimentary finger
applied at about the middle of the lower edge. In both,
the feet of the sixth and seventh pairs are about equal in
length. Eyes rounded, black. Color, light gray, some-
times greenish or brownish, always very pale. Length,
three fifths of an inch.

This species has much resemblance to O. Pickeringii
and O. Pugettensis, but is clearly distinct from both in the
following characters. From the former, it differs in the
greater length and obliquity of the palm in the hand of the

78 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

second pair, which is also destitute of tooth-like lobes; in
the tooth on the inferior margin of the third article in the
first pair of feet; and in its shorter and stouter antenne.
From the latter, it differs in having oblong instead of trans-
verse joints in the flagella of the inferior antenne; the
flagella being also longer than their peduncles, which are
not scabrous; there is also no two-jointed process on the
third joint in the second pair of feet.

O. Traskiana is exceedingly abundant in the vicinity of
San Francisco, living among the rejectamenta along high-
water mark. Were it not that I have had opportunity of
comparing it with the original specimens kindly lent me
by Prof. Dana, I should scarcely have believed that it was
not identical with one of the numerous spec already
described from this coast.

ALLORCHESTES PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Allorchestes Pugettensis, Dana ; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 901.
PY eas.

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.

ALLORCHESTES SEMINUDA. Stimpson.
Allorchestes seminuda, Stimpson ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 90.

Body somewhat compressed; eye oval; superior an-
tenne three fifths as long as the inferior ones, with flagella
consisting of thirteen sub-oblong joints; inferior antenn
two-fifths as long as the body, with 14-articulate flagella.
On both pairs of antenne there are a few short sete at the
extremity of each joint. Hand in the first pair of feet
small, palm oblique, almost transverse ; finger of moderate
size; carpus produced at its inferior angle into a sharp pro-
jection. Hand in the second pair rather large, oblong-

Pacific Shores of North America. 79

ovate, deeply excavated below for the reception of the point
of the finger, which is more than half as long as the hand.
Color pale green; antenne red. Length, half an inch.

This species is closely allied to A. Pugettensis, but is
smaller, and more compressed; the superior antenne are
more setose, and the hand of the first pair is different in
shape, the palm being much less oblique.

It is common at San Francisco, living among barnacles
and seaweed on stones and the piles of wharves, in the
littoral zone.

Mus. N. P. Exp.

ALLORCHESTES PLUMULOSUS. Stimpson, n. s.

In this species, the inferior antenne are about one third
as long as the body, and thickly tufted with plumose hairs
along the inferior edge; the terminal joint of the peduncle,
and all the joints of the 11-articulate flagellum except those
near the extremity, being provided below with plume-like
bundles of branching sete, as well as the usual simple ones
above and on the sides. The superior antenne have only
a few, simple sete, which are, however, of considerable
length. The hand of the second pair is oblong, two-thirds
as broad as long, and rather quadrangular than ovate, with
the palm curved, less excavated, and with a much less
prominent projection at the extremity of the finger than in
the preceding species ; the finger is scarcely half as long as
the hand. In other characters this species has consider-
able resemblance to A. seminuda. Length, two fifths of an
inch. Color, greenish.

It is common on gravelly shores in the littoral zone near
the mouth of San Francisco Bay.

Mus. N. P. Exped.

80 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

ALLORCHESTES ANGUSTUS. Dana.

Allorchestes angustus, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854, vii. 177.

This species may be recognized by its high epimerals.
Hab. California, (Le Conte.)
Mus. of Prof. Dana.

GAMMARUS PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Gammarus Pugettensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 957.
1 6A ed DDG)" Al Les ale

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.
GAMMARUS SITCHENSIS. Brandt.
Gammarus Sitchensis, Branpr ; Sibirische Reise, Zodl. i. 137. Pl. VI. f. 28.

Hab. Sitka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

GAMMARUS ATCHENSIS. Brandt.
Gammarus Atchensis, Branpt; Sibirische Reise, Zovl. i. 138. Pl. VI. f. 29.

Hab. Atcha and Unalaschka, (Wosnessenski.)
Mus. Acad. Petrop.

GAMMARUS CONFERVICOLUS. Stimpson.
Meera confervicola, Srimpson; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. 90.

Body somewhat compressed, smooth except at the pos-
terior three abdominal segments, the dorsal surfaces of
which are angular and spinulose or setose. Antenne of
both pairs slender, about equal in their length, which is
half that of the body. Superior ones with thread-like
22-articulate flagella constituting two-thirds of their length ;

Pacific Shores of North America. 81

appendiculus 4-5 articulated. In the inferior antenne the
flagellum, of 11 oblong articles, is scarcely shorter than the
peduncle, the terminal and penult joints of which are of
equal length, and each four or five times as long as the
antepenult. The four hands are rather small, of nearly the
same size and shape, suboblong ; palm transverse, minutely
denticulated and setose, finger short, considerably curved.
Posterior caudal stylets with unequal rami; the outer ones
large, nearly as long as the three posterior segments of the
abdomen ; inner ones very small and inconspicuous. Color,
dark brownish, rarely blackish. Length, 0.5 inch.

This species differs from G. Atchensis in the smoothness
of the dorsal surface of the first three abdominal segments.

Is found among conferve in salt marshes near San
Francisco ; and a few specimens were obtained from the
stomachs of salmon caught in Puget Sound.

Mus. N. P. Exped.; Smithsonian.

- IPHIMEDIA PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Iphimedia Pugettensis, Dana; U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 932,
PE SIOXGD eek. 6:

Hab. Puget Sound, (Expl. Exped.)
Mus. Expl. Exped.

PHOXUS GRANDIS. Stimpson, n. s.

This species is of a much larger size than is usual in the
genus. Body broad and robust. Rostrum lamelliform,
expanded over the bases of the superior antenne, with a
broadly rounded extremity. Superior antenne bi-flagel-
late, the inner flagella very little smaller than the outer
ones; both 12-articulate ; penultimate article of peduncle
entirely concealed beneath the rostrum. Inferior antenne
a little longer than the superior ones; terminal article of

peduncle broad at its extremity where its outer angle is
11

c~

produced and rounded ; its inner angle bearing the 15-artic-
ulate flagellum. Eye transversely oblong. Feet covered
with simple hairs. Those of the first and second pairs with
small subcheliform hands; those of the third and fourth
pairs with the third and fourth articles dilated, the fifth
slender, the sixth very small. Feet of the posterior three
pairs very much widened; those of the sixth pair largest.
Caudal stylets of the first and second pairs with short styli-
form rami, the inner ones being a little shorter than the
outer ones; those of the third pair with long, flattened,
equal rami, the outer ones spinulose along their outer
edges, both fringed with long sete on the inner sides.
Terminal caudal spines of considerable length.

The color is yellowish-white. Length, half an inch.

It was dredged on a sandy bottom in ten fathoms, in the
channel near the entrance of San Francisco Bay.

Mus. N. P. Exp.

so Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

PAECILOPODA.

ARGULUS PUGETTENSIS. Dana.

Argulus Pugettensis, Dana; U.S. Exploring Expedition, Crust. ii. 151,
Pl. XCIV. f. 2.

Several specimens of this species were taken from fishes
in ‘Tomales Bay, by Mr. Samuels.
Mus. Expl. Exped.; Smithsonian.

ECHINODERMATA.

The Echinoderms, as yet known from this coast, are few
in number. In fact, the character of the greater part of the
shores of California and Oregon is not such as affords the
most favorable conditions for the development of numerous
species of this order. Nearly the whole line of coast is

Pacific Shores of North America. 83

open, and presents a succession of inaccessible, perpendic-
ular, rocky cliffs alternating with barren beaches of sand,
all being completely exposed to the action of the breakers,
which roll in upon them with the concentrated force of the
storms of a wide and unbroken ocean. There is a want of
variety in station, and a paucity of inlets, bays and islands,
in the protected nooks of which such animals as we are
now to consider usually find shelter. -Extensive dredging
operations would no doubt bring to light many species in
places where the nature of the bottom is favorable, but
the submarine zone in which the depth of water is not too
great for the existence of animal life, is narrow; since, as
we might judge from the mountainous character of the
shores, the sea-bottom dips far beyond the reach of the
ordinary sounding-line, in close proximity with the land.
There are but two important inlets on the coast, and of
these Puget Sound is without doubt the best locality for
researches among the marine invertebrata. The Bay of
San Francisco, from the admixture with its waters of the
turbid flood of two large rivers, and the smallness of the
gate which admits to it the clear water of the ocean, is
nearly barren of animal life except at its entrance. Ata
former epoch, and one geologically speaking quite recent,
the sea had a much freer sweep through the bay. On its
shores I have often observed extensive superficial deposits
of shells, of the same species that now live on the coast,
(Mytili, Ostrea, etc.) lying in a horizontal stratum at a slight
elevation above the present high-water mark. These are
particularly abundant beneath the soil in the valleys of
Petaluma and Sonoma, extending thence toward the sea
at Bodega; and here perhaps an ancient gate existed.
Another opening may have been situated at the southern
extremity, through what is now the Valley of Santa Clara.
A preponderance of Asteriade will be noticed among
the Echinodermata now to be described. The restricted
genus Asterias (Asteracanthion, Mill. et Trosch.) is par-

84 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

ticularly well represented on the Northwest Coast. Of the
Ophiuride but two species are here known to exist, neither
of which can be now specifically indicated, as the speci-
mens are not at hand. One isasmall Ophiolepis, dredged
by me near San Francisco, and the other an Astrophyton
taken in Puget Sound by the captain of a coasting vessel,
in whose hands it was seen and reported to me by Dr.
Cooper.

HOLOTHURIADZ.

HOLOTHURIA CALIFORNICA. Stimpson, 1. s.

Body much elongated, of nearly the same thickness
throughout; below, flattened and thickly covered with
stout sucker-bearing feet not arranged in rows. Dorsal
surface with about forty large conical cutaneous processes
(or false feet) sparingly scattered ; between which there are
numerous small cirriform feet, also diskless. Tentacula
twenty, short, peltate, with broad disks. Color, reddish-
brown above; below, lighter. Length, 14 ft.; thickness,
1} inches.

Taken in Tomales Bay by Mr. Samuels.
HOLOTHURIA SITCHENSIS. Brandt.

Diploperideris Sitchensis, Brann; Prod. desc. anim. Mertens., 52.

Hab. Sitka, ( Mertens.)

ASPIDOCHIR MERTENSIL Brandt.
Aspidochir Mertensii, Branpt; Prod. dese. anim. Mertens., 46.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

PENTACTA FRONDOSA. Jeg.
Pentacta frondosa, Jac. Ayres; Proc. Cal. Acud. Nat. Sci. i. 68.

The small Pentacte, found in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco, are referred by Dr. Ayres to this species.

Pacific Shores of North America. 85

PENTACTA MINIATA. Brandt.

Cladodactyla miniata, Branpt ; Prod. desc. anim. Mertens., 44.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

PENTACTA NIGRICANS. Brandt.

Cladodactyla nigricans, Branpt ; l.c. 44.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

PENTACTA ALBIDA. Brandt.
Cladodactyla albida, Branpr ; l. c. 44.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

CUVIERIA SITCHENSIS. Brande.
Cuvieria Sitchzensis, Branpt; /. c. 47.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

LIOSOMA SITCHENSE. Brandt.

Liosoma Sitchznse, BranprT; J. c. 58.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.)

LIOSOMA ARENICOLA. Stimpson, n. s.

Body thick fusiform; skin coriaceous; surface smooth
and glabrous, without suckers or processes of any kind.
Tentacles fifteen in number, very small, contracting into a
circular groove at the margin of the mouth, where they are
each concealed in a small cavity formed by folds of the
skin. Each tentacle is composed of a short peduncle with
four or five digitations at the disk-like summit; these
branches being also minutely pinnate toward their extremi-
ties. Oral ring composed of five slender calcareous pieces,

™

Ys

86 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the 1

projecting and bifurcate below, notched above. Respira-
tory trees very slender; genital tubes two or three times
divided. Color, yellowish-white, clouded with reddish
above. Length of an alcoholic specimen four inches ;
thickness, two inches.

Found at San Pedro, Cal., by Lieut. Trowbridge. -

The genus differs from Chirodota in the want of the cal-
careous deposits of the skin so characteristic of the latter
form.

CHIRODOTA DISCOLOR. Esch.
Chirodota discolor, Escuscnoxitz; Zodlogischer Atlas, Pl. X. f. 2.

Hab. Sitka.

CHIRODOTA VERRUCOSA. Esch.
Chirodota verrucosa, Escuscuoxitz; Zodlogischer Atlus, Pl. X. f. 3.

Hab. Sitka.

ECHINIDZE.

ECHINUS CHLOROCENTROTUS.
Echinus chlorocentrotus, Branpt; l. c. 64.

This may be distinguished by its very short spines.

Hab. Siika, (Mertens.) Dr. Cooper informs me that a
green Echinus is common on the shores of Puget Sound,
which is probably this species.

ECHINUS PURPURATUS. Stimpson, n. 8.

Form depressed. Outline somewhat pentangular. Am-
bulacral areas of the same width as the interambulacrals ;
(sometimes even wider ;) with eight pairs of pores in each of
the very oblique rows, which are separated from each other
by rows of small tubercles. Interambulacral area with

Pacific Shores of North America. 87

six rows of larger tubercles, between which smaller ones are
interspersed ; the tubercles of the two rows next within the
exterior ones are largest. Auricles slender. Spines of
moderate length, rather stout and blunt. Color, deep pur-
ple. Diameter, 2! inches; height, 13 inch.

Found at low-water mark on rocky ocean shores near
San Francisco. It is often sold in the market, being used
as food by some classes of the citizens, chiefly those from
Southern Europe.

DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS. Esch.

Scutella excentrica, Escuscnoitz; Zodlogischer Atlas, Pl. XX. f. 2.
Echinarachnius excentricus, VALENCIENNES; Voy. Venus, Zodph. Pl. X.
Dendraster excentricus, AGassiz ; Cat. des Echinides, 77.

This is the common cake-urchin of the coast, and is
found at all points from Sitka to Monterey.

ASTERIADA.

ASTERIAS OCHRACEA. Brandt.
Pi KNIT f 2

Asterias ochracea, Branpt; Prod. desc. anim. Mertens, 69.

Rays five, each scarcely twice as long as the disk is wide.
Larger dorsal spines capitate, somewhat reticulating, and
forming a pentagon at the middle of the disk which en-
closes the madreporic body. Diameter, eight inches.

It is very common near San Francisco, on rocks at low-
water mark, and was also taken at Tomales Bay by
Mr. Samuels. It was originally found at Sitka. A. ian-
thina, Branpt, is probably only a variety.

The figure represents a small portion of the upper sur-
face of one of the rays, to show the arrangement of the
spines.

5 ué

88 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

ASTERIAS EPICHLORA. Brandt.

Asterias epichlora, Branpt ; /. c. 70.
Asterias Katherine, Gray; An. § Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 179.

This slender-rayed species sometimes reaches a diameter
of more than a foot. The specimens in the Smithsonian
collection were sent from Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley.

ASTERIAS BREVISPINA. Stimpson, n. s.

Pl. XU f. 38.

Rays five, each equalling in length twice the diameter of
the disk. Upper surface covered with very short, blunt, nearly
uniform spines, moderately numerous, sometimes forming
an irregular row along the middle of the ray, and showing
a tendency to reticulation on the sides. Beneath there is a
single row of slender ambulacral spines, which are blunt and
somewhat irregular in length; between these and the mar-
ginal channel there are four rows of short compressed spines,
gouge-shaped, or notched by an oblique concavity at their
truncated extremities. Madreporic body large. Color yel-
lowish. Diameter, six inches.

Taken from a sandy bottom in ten fathoms near the
mouth of San Francisco Bay. The figure represents a
portion of the lower surface.

ASTERIAS GIGANTEA. Stimpson, n. s.
Pl. XXIII. f. 4.5. 6.

Body very large, swollen; rays six in number, in length
somewhat less than twice the diameter, of the disk. Upper
surface covered with numerous short, blunt, equidistant
spines, uniform in size and regularly distributed; these
spines are somewhat conical in shape, but truncated at the
tip and constricted at the base, with the sides longitu-
dinally furrowed. The spines of the lower surface are

Pacific Shores of North America. 89

short and thick, but slightly compressed and notched at the
extremity. Diameter, two feet.
Taken in Tomales Bay, by Mr. Samuels.

ASTERIAS HELIANTHOIDES. Brandt.

Asterias helianthoides, BranpT; J. c. 71.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens;) Puget Sound, (Suckley;) To-
males Bay, (Samuels.)

ASTERIAS HELIANTHUS. Lamk.

Asterias helianthus, Lamx; Gray; An. § Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 179.

Hab. Mazatlan, ( Moores.)

SOLASTER DECEMRADIATA. Brandt.

Asterias endeca, var. decemradiata, BRANDT; /. c. 71.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens.) —

LINCKIA LEVIUSCULA, Stimpson, n. s.

Disk very small; rays elongated, cylindrical, in length
2; times the diameter of the disk. Upper surface covered
with slightly protuberant, uniform, spinulose paxilli, which
are somewhat iregularly crowded together, leaving deep
but very narrow chinks leading to the holes in the network
of the skin. The spinules of the paxilli are so crowded that
the surface of each appears nearly smooth. Below the
paxilli are still more crowded, but are here quadrate in
shape and arranged in three or four rows on each side of
the ambulacral furrow; those of the ambulacral row hay-
ing their spinules less crowded and somewhat longer, form-
ing the marginal series. Diameter, two inches.

Found in Puget Sound, by Dr. Suckley.

12

oO

S

90 Crustacea and Echinodermata of the

ASTERISCUS MINIATUS. Brande.

Asterias miniata, Branpr ; /. c. 68.

This pentagonal star-fish may be readily distinguished
by its thin disk and sharp edge.

Hab. Sitka, (Mertens ;) Tomales Bay, (Samuels ;) San
Francisco, (Ayres ;) Island of San Miguel, ('Trowbridge.)

MEDIASTER ZQUALIS. Stimpson. Nov. gen. et. sep.
Pl. XXIIL. f. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.

This name is proposed for a Goniastroid star-fish, com-
mon on the coast of Oregon and California, which I can-
not refer to any described genus or species, although it is
not impossible that it may belong to one of the numerous
genera of J. E. Gray, which are however so imperfectly
characterized that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible,
to identify them.

Body of little thickness, flat above and below; five-
rayed ; length of rays equalling or exceeding the diameter
of the disk. Skin set with numerous small rounded plates,
nearly uniform in size but becoming somewhat smaller
toward the margin; they are rather more crowded below
than above. Scattered pores on the surface of the skin
between the plates. Margins with a double row of large
quadrangular plates; those in the upper and lower series
opposite. All of the plates above and below, including the
marginal ones, are covered with granules nearly uniform
in size and easily rubbed off. On the lower surface the
granules are somewhat larger and angular, and those on
the plates bordering the ambulacral furrows are elongated
so as to form subprismatic spines, eight or ten to each
plate, the inner ones largest. Anus central, surrounded
by a circle of spine-like granules. No pedicellarie or
“two-lipped pores,” excepting a single one in the centre

.

Pacific Shores of North America. 91

of each plate of the lower marginal series. Color in life,
bright red above, pale orange below. Diameter, four

inches.

Found in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley, and by myself

near San Francisco.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XVIII.

Cancer antennarius, & of the natural size.

PLATE (XIX.

Fig. 1. Side view of carapax of Loxorhynchus grandis, 9 4 nat.
“ 2. Porcellana rupicola, & nat. size.
“ 3. Randallia ornata, Q statins

PLATE XX.
Fig. 1. Cryptolithodes typicus, Q nat. size.
“ 2. The same from below.
Bs rg view from behind.
Bh hes As side view.
“ 5. Inferior surface of the head magnified.
“ 6. Portion of flagellum of external antennee, showing the clavate

sete.
PLATE XXI.

The figures of this plate are all of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Clibanarius turgidus.
“ 2. Hand of Gebia Pugettensis, with the setae removed.

92

Explanation of the Plates.

Fig. 3. Hand of Caillianassa gigas.

a6

T

4.
5.
6.
te

de C. Californiensis.
3 C. longimana.
Pandalus Dane.
Rostrum of Pandalus Dane.

PLATE XXII.

The figures on this plate are all of the natural size.

Fig.

iF

Orbit, antennz, and rostrum of Loxorhynchus grandis, 2 seen

from beneath.
Fig. 2. Orbit, external antenne, and rostrum of Loxorhynchus crispatus,
&@ seen from above.

Fig.

8.
9.

CPA Axe w

Side view of orbit, etc., of Z. crispatus.
Outer maxilliped of L. crispatus.
Hand of Crangon Franciscorum.

“ — C. nigricauda.
Idotea resecata.
Lygia dilatata.
Livoneca vulgaris.

PLATE XXIII.

Spheroma amplicauda, magnified six diameters.
Portion of the upper surface of a ray of Asterias ochracea, nat-
ural size.
Portion of lower surface of a ray of Asterias brevispina, nat.
. Portion of upper surface of Asterias gigantea, nat.
we 6. Views of spines of A. gigantea.
Part of upper surface of Mediaster equalis, natural size, with the
granules removed from one half to show the plates.
Lower surface of the same.
Part of ambulacral furrow and spines of the same, magnified.

“10. A paxillus of upper surface of the same, magnified.

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One from the lower surface.

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