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MyPal ihdiated ston mitiah a pened akin eens mM phat AAP ph DoS Psi k vines oe SAN TES A NOAAEE, ABD AT ENP AWS Sahn Pett nc oF hata yah Rem gehen = AB nD, mA a ae Pata thpe wis CAnd ated edad aN oat we ae See Sahota neem Sone FR AF Sa AS tn nn WADA ee Ee TS wba: eS ere Che Hr he Ma he tee [S29 eich AAS Mee p'ehee hn na ibe ty Debecrmslen, Merle Wty the Me eteaen ems PO eo ee Se rece are ‘Met te " HEM Mtn ta tng eg Ma Wt a Me Wg he dae coh eA Me ty, ee se Matis tay PD Aes Met 1AM AMINE Morty ety Raat Ay Mem Fae Pande 41 i Way to PON MMM Na Moe ne) et Mane a0 te He Ne Ate SM MeN Ms Le Rabe th ey tee Ne 2018 Hee this oe Coley tbo Ne!! ip at nm th tte 7 ‘ Pein minty Seren pea Sih tha theta teil, Met nether toni (OCC eran : 4 antpollig 5 Me ee te het Pa WN on Ein tm A te i yon on fn lattes fe Mona ito athe Se vn Has, ng CasNig bon Foe ee Nr re has te a Netegrity vrmthabe aise dweetsnmeninn Metin eee Meme Melt ethene theres ‘ tom Imre e ps TON neon ig oy A "Mant Se tne he ten ae he Piney = een tte the i oe Dele Haat mente Ma hi Nig it pie Aes Ou, /7 00 Jo TAT oh hen [FRoM THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS, VOL. IX, JUNE, 1875.] 16. The Crustaceans of the Caves of Kentucky and Indiana ; by 8. I. Saurra.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Packard of Salem, Mass., I have recently been enabled to examine the types of his Orangonye vitreus trom near Orleans, Ind., and also several specimens of an amphipod collected in Mammoth Cave by him- self. All the specimens from Mammoth Cave are of a single species, which, there can be little doubt, is really the Stygobro- mus vitreus unintelligibly described from the same locality by Professor Cope. The species is really a Crangonyz and it should stand as C. vitreus, although very different from the one from Indiana which is referred to Cope’s species by Dr. Packard and ~ by him called C. vitreus. It is a small species, the largest specimen being less than a fourth of an inch (5:2 mm.) long, ap- parently wholly eyeless, and remarkable for the rudimentary character of the unibranched posterior caudal stylets, which are shorter than the telson. It seems to be near the typical species described by Bate, and it is closely allied in some respects to C. tenuis, also an apparently eyeless species, which I have described from wells at Middletown, Conn. Since this note was first written, I have examined several specimeus of this last species, collected by Mr. J. K. Thacher, under stones in a small brook, near New Haven. From this it seems not at all improbable that the allied species from Kentucky and Indiana—and very likely also the eyeless, cave species of other groups—may still be found in the surface streams of the same region. The specimens of Dr. Packard’s species from Indiana are badly preserved but are sufficient to show that the species is very closely allied to Crangonyx gracilis, from Michigan, Lake Superior, etc., differing principally in the structure of the eyes, which are well developed and abundantly supplied with black pigment in C. gra- cilis, while in Dr. Packard’s specimens they are observable with difficulty, are wholly without black pigment, are undoubtedly colorless in life, and are probably only imperfect organs of vision, although the structure of the facets can be distinctly made out. Geology and Ne atural Mistory. The other differences are all very slight, scarcely sufficient to dis- tinguish the subterranean form as a species, and certainly so slight that they would almost surely be overlooked if the two forms were found together. As the crustaceans have recently been several times referred to as indicating the partially marine origin of the cave fauna of the Western States, a word in regard to their affinities may not be out of place. The species already described from Indiana and Ken- tucky are the following: Cambarus Bartonii Erichson, Mam- moth Cave; C. pellucidus Erichson, caves in Ky. and Ind. ; Crangonyx vitreus Smith, Mammoth Cave; C. Puckardii Smith, wells, Ind.; Cecidotea stygia Packard, caves and wells, Ind., and Mammoth Cave; Huphiloscia Hlrodii Packard, caves, Ind.; Cauloxenus stygius Cope, caves, Ind. The genus Cambarus is strictly confined to American fresh waters, and (. Bartonii is one of the commonest species in the streams of the Western States. Orangonyx, as far as known, is wholly confined to fresh water. Cweidotea,.as far as we can judge from description and figures, is scarcely distinguishable, except in wanting eyes, from Asellus, a characteristically fresh water genus. The Huphiloscia was found also outside the caves and is allied to other terrestrial genera. The Cauloxenus, a Lernean parasite of the blind fish, is so poorly described and figured, and the genera of the whole group to which it belongs are so difficult and imperfectly known, that it is useless to speculate on its exact affinities. In our Western and Southern States, species of perch, brook trout, the siscowet, lake white-fish, species of Catostomus and Pomotis, and other fresh water fishes, are infested with different species of Lerneans, and there is no more reason for regarding Cawloxenus as a “marine form” than any of these parasites. As well might we call a Cambarus or a Crangonyx a marine form because the great majority of the species of the orders to which they belong are marine. Considering the crustaceans alone, I can see no reason for supposing that the fauna of the caves of Kentucky and Indiana has been derived from any other source than the recent fauna of the surface of the neighboring region. 9p 54S "4 She, ay SE NS OR ee are ae Le ee ee ee Ae ee ee Lee ok ERE Oe ee He ary oe ee 5 ara ee me Wee Som NS RI te ree Se tet a. ee 2 ee aca Fee Witte | 4