LL: De SALIS.

NOV 11 1930

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY |

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Flower Veterinary Library |
FOUNDED BY

ROSWELL P. FLOWER

for the use of the

N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE
1897

This Volume is the Gift of

Dr. Ps As Fish.

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DOGS

DOGS

A MANUAL FOR AMATEURS

BY

MRS DE SALIS

AUTHOREFSS OF THE A LA MODE SERIES OF COOKERY BOOKS
‘FLORAL DECORATIONS’ ‘WRINKLES AND NOTIONS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD
‘NEW-LAID EGGS’ ‘DRINKS A LA MODE’ ETC.

‘Faithful and Truc’

LONDON

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
AND NEW YORK: 15 EAST 16 STREET
1893

All rights reserved

Yo, 10923

Se -
427 DS
p44 3 a3

PRHFACEH

——+oe—

My only excuse for offering this little volume to the public
is my extreme love of dogs. I was not born with the pro-
verbial golden spoon in my mouth, but with an innate
adoration of our dear and faithful four-footed friends, and
from my babyhood have never been without a pet dog;
and to write about them has, indeed, been a labour of
love. I hope what is written in these pages will be of
some little use to dog lovers, though, of course, there are
so many books with fuller details and descriptions, and
much better and more learned.

The points and descriptions of the dogs are taken from
the different clubs whose judges have agreed as to the
various breeds of dog which they have taken up. My
authorities on many points are from DauziEL S. K. STEEL,
AsHmount, F. Knox, Gorpon StTasLes, SHaw, RoMANEs,
JESSE, and Rounp, whose works are so well known.

I am also deeply indebted for medicinal hints from
Rara Avis of the ‘ Lady’s Pictorial,’ also to ‘ Farm, Field,
and Fireside’ and ‘Home and Farm,’ and I recommend
all who keep dogs and other animals to take in these most
useful weeklies, as they abound with much useful and
interesting information, also to Spratts’ work on canine
diseases, which no dog-owner should be without.

vi DOGS

I shall be glad at any time to give my readers infor-
mation respecting their dogs’ maladies, and advice as to
their treatment. I can also tell them the best sources for
the purchase and sale of all the best breeds.

For this information I propose to charge a small fee of
one shilling, the proceeds to be divided annually between
the Home for Lost Dogs at Battersea and the Royal
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, in whose
reports my readers will be able to see what the sum
amounts to.

Both these excellent and practical institutions are in
great need of increased support. Their object will, I feel
sure, appeal to the hearts of all who read this booklet.

HARRIET DE SALIS.

Hameton Lua, Surron.

IP OG Ss

With eye upraised his master’s looks to scan,
The joy, the solace, and the aid of man,
The rich man’s guardian and the poor man’s friend ,
The only creature faithful to the end.
CRABBE.

Introductory

Tue love of dogs is natural to most people, it is never
acquired ; it seems born with them, and as the ‘ friend of
man’ this animal ought to hold a very high place in the
affection of dog-lovers ; besides, the companionship between
dog and man dates from the very earliest. ages, and there-
fore it must be assumed that it was one of Dame Nature’s
intentions. I read somewhere the remark: ‘It is not all
men who understand dogs, but it is rare indeed to find a
dog that does not understand men.’

T cannot understand how anyone can ill-treat them, or
how any can even dislike them, and I always feel pity
for persons who say ‘they like dogs very well in their
places,’ and think they have no right to canine friendship.
One has only to look at a dog’s face and one’s sympathy
goes out to it directly, and, as I read in some dog article,
“no one can study dogs without seeing our own aboriginal
emotions clearly written in their faces. Love, hate, rage,
jealousy, irritability, sulkiness, shyness, shame, guilt, are
there, as with ourselves.’ There is no doubt that dogs

B

43

2, DOGS

must be endowed with something more than instinct.
Mr. E. B. Nichols, in his work on ‘ Animals,’ says: ‘ It is to
me beyond belief that a man who has kept a pet, or has
walked about with his eyes open, or has read or heard
trustworthy tales of animals, holds that animals have only
instinct and not reason.

‘At all events, dogs have intuitive ideas of right and
wrong, and I have seen them perfectly miserable when
they have done anything to offend their masters or mis-
tresses, and have remained in a state of fear until forgiven,
when only they are happy again, and will wag their tails,
which have been motionless during disgrace.’

Dogs, like children, have great respect for power, and
take full advantage of love ; and that is why it is generally
said that ladies’ pet dogs are rather wilful and disobedient,
because women never have the heart to let them taste the
whip, which is a necessity occasionally, however painful to
the mistress, for well-trained dogs are always more intelli-
gent and companionable than those who are only petted
and never educated. Dogs are of a very luxurious turn of
mind, not to say selfish, for they will, if allowed, always take
the most comfortable place on a sofa or chair in the room,
and if permitted to sleep on the bed prefer the very middle.
But their good qualities always outshine their bad; for
where can anyone find more trusting and sympathising
companions? They are faithful to their owners unto death,
How they fret and pine in the loved one’s absence and in
illness can never be persuaded to leave the invalid! They
will go without food to remain near, and will lie so quietly
in the room. Now and then, if the master is in bed the
dog will walk towards it to see if all is well, wag its ‘tail
and then go and lie down again. They seem to understand
everything that goes on. I know they understand what is
being said, and have a way of communicating what they
have heard to each other. I will give an instance by
relating what I can vouch for. I was out walkine one
morning with a fox terrier and a small Yorkie, andl went
into a shop, The Yorkie was behind me at the door and

INTRODUCTORY 3

the terrier outside. The woman in the shop said: ‘T have
a savage cat in the back parlour, so don’t let the dogs
come in.’ She had no sooner said it than I noticed my
Yorkie go outside and go close to the terrier, and in a
second they both rushed into the shop to hunt out the cat,
which of course I prevented at once. It makes me
wretched if a dog follows me when out walking, and makes
beseeching eyes at me to take him home, which is an
impossibility, though my heart would wish to do so. It is
a most touching sight to see and watch a poor lost dog.
At first, when he loses scent, his face is full of startled
surprise; then he circles round and round; his face
grows long and his eye wistful and almost human in its
anxiety. He starts off first in one direction and then
in another, staring in the faces of all passers-by, as if asking
whether they have seen his master. Suddenly he fancies
he sees him, starts off like lightning, and then returns
more anxious than ever. He takes no rest, but doubles
and pursues and turns back till all hope is dead, and will
often follow anyone who has’ what he considers a dog-
friend face, hoping to be sheltered somewhere, or that some
pitiful person may try and find his home.!

Ihave heard it said that the love of dogs is a relic of
barbarism, as seen in the untutored Indian who expects
to meet his dog in heaven. But I must agree with the feel-
ings of Whyte Melville in his hunting song of ‘The Place

1 It is well for those to know who have the misfortune to lose a dog
that besides the well-known Home for Lost and Starving Dogs at
Battersea, founded and endowed by Mrs, Teally in 1860, there is
another home, also in Battersea, called the Brown Institution, which is
a kind of infirmary where the poorer classes can receive advice and
treatment gratis for their dogs. Dogs taken to the Dogs’ Home are
given up to their owners, when claimed, on the payment of the fee of one
shilling for the first day and sixpence for each day afterwards. All valu-
able and good dogs, if not claimed within three days, are sold, and the
mongrels are destroyed in the Lethal Chamber without pain. Mrs. Anne
Mayhew, of College Park, Harrow Road, also takes in starving dogs and
treats them most kindly. If I were rich I would like to found homes
and hospitals in every principal town in the United Kingdom, and then,
with the aid of the many branches of the Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals, I don’t think hydrophobia would be heard of.

BY

4 DoGs

where the Old Horse Died,’ which I repeat here, substituting
‘dog’ for ‘horse,’ as the;dog is the subject of my theme :—
There are men, both good and wise, who hold that in a future state |]
Dumb creatures we have cherished here below
Shall give us joyous greeting when we pass the golden gate.
Is it folly that I hope it may be so?
For never man had friend
More enduring to the end,
Truer mate in evry turn of time and tide.
Could I think we'd meet again
It would lighten half my pain .
At the place where the old dog (horse) died.

Dogs are very dear things, and well repay any love and
attention bestowed on them.

There is a very interesting article in the ‘ Stock-Keeper ’
of December 1891, giving an account how British monarchs
have ever been attached to dogs, beginning with Alfred
the Great, who when not engaged in the affairs of State
took pleasure in the company of his hounds. It states that
we owe to the period of the Conquest the introduction
of several beautiful varieties of the hound family. The
‘ Stock-Keeper’ observes in the above number :—‘ The
native British breeds no doubt improved by the admixture
and whereas the modern staghound and foxhound may
show little trace of their distinguished descent, yet there
are others, such as the bloodhound, the harrier, the
Southern hound, and the otter hound, in which a cynolo-
gist can recognise their ancient lineage by the striking
likeness they still bear to the old French breeds, the St
Huberts, the hounds of Artois, of Ariége, and ot Besse
and Nivernais.’ ;

King John was much attached to his kennel, and he

gave his son-in-law Llewellyn the faithful hound -
tioned in the ballad of Beth Gelert— oar

In sooth, he was a pecrless hound, the gift of royal John.

_Henry VIIT.’s dogs were famous in history, and a regu-
lation relating to them, made by him for the royal house-
hold at Windsor, runs as-follows :—

INTRODUCTORY 5

‘Noe Doggs to be kept in Court. The King’s heighnes
alsoe straightlie forbiddeth and inhibiteth that no person,
whatsoever they be, presume to keepe anie greyhounds,
mastiffs, hounds, or other doggs in the Court, then some
small spanyells for ladies or others; nor bring anie unto
the same, except it be by the King’s or Queen’s command-
ment; but the said greyhounds and doggs to be kept in
kennell and other meete places out of Court, as is con-
venyent, soe as the premisses duelie observed, and the
house abroad may be sweete, wholesome, cleane, and well
furnished as to a prince’s house an state doth appertayne.’

The virgin Queen Llizabeth was very attached to
dogs. The periodical above mentioned says that the
Queen was devoted to ‘ singing beagles,’ a little breed that
Gervase Markham many years after said were small enough
to be carried in a man’s glove. LHe called them ‘ Mitten
Beagles, which may be companions for a ladie’s kirtle, and
in the field will hunt as cunningly as any hound whatso-
ever, only their Musick is very small, like reeds, their pace
like their body, only for exercise, not for slaughter.’
James I. was a devoted lover of dogs; Charles II. was
much attached to the little spaniels called King Chavles’s,
and wherever he went he was accompanied by these little
dogs; and our Queen and her children inherit the royal
love for dogs, and, as is well known, she constantly inspects
her kennels, and has a caress and a loving word to say to
each.

DESCRIPTIONS OF BREEDS OF DOGS

WITH ANECDOTES

The Basset Hound

This hound is something between the turnspit and the
dachshund, and originates from France. It has a grand
head, low-set ears, red hair on the eye, heavy dewlap, and
pendulous flew. The fore legs are bent and powerful.

The Basset is very good-tempered, gentle, and very
teachable, is a good water retriever as well as a good
sporting dog, and is used for tracking boars, wolves, and
deer. In colour it is bright black and tan.

‘The Basset can be trained to fetch its master’s slippers,
to jump over sticks, and many other tricks.

The Beagle

There are two kinds of this breed, the large beagle
‘and the rabbit beagle. These dogs are remarkable for
their power of scent; they are untirable, and will face
furze and the thickest brambles.

The beagle in shape is a miniature talbot or Southern
hound.

The larger species is most graceful, the neck being
long, but inclined to be throaty. The head, according
to Youatt, should be large, round, and thick rather than
long; the ears fine, set low, very long, and hanging close
to the head; neck well set on shoulders, with plenty of

THE BEAGLE 7

muscle; good deep chest; strong hind quarters; deep,
well-sprung ribs; and the tail well carried. The colours are
black and white, all tan or black and tan, also black, white,
and tan.

Their voice is sharp and ringing, and most musical.
The rabbit beagle is the best.

Bloodhounds

This dog has an irascible and somewhat unreason-
able temper, and consequently everyone except its owner
should be careful not to interfere with one unless they
wish to be mauled or torn to pieces. But the modern
bloodhound is quite a different animal from the one we read
of formerly, the old breed being nearly as extinct as the dodo.

In ancient times it was called the sleuth hound. The
National Dog Club describes its appearance thus :—

Head large and conical, forehead long and narrow,
eyes deep and sunken, showing the haw very plainly,
giving an appearance of redness to the eye. Lars long
and thin and hanging straight down. Face and upper jaw
narrow, nose large, and the lips long, thin, and pendulous.

Neck long, the throat hanging in its skin on wrinkled
shoulders, and forelegs good, legs straight and powerful, feet
round and full, toe-nails black. Stern well set on, long, and
lashing, tapering to a fine point and without feather.

Colour reddish tan, darkening gradually towards the
upper parts till it becomes mixed with black on the back.

Coat close, rather silky, short, and strong, approaching
to the texture of wool at the bottom. Height at shoulder
28 inches.

These dogs were formerly much used to track persons
suspected of murder or robbery, poachers, &c., but are now
principally used in the pursuit of deer that have been
wounded, or for discovering deer-stealers, whom they in-
fallibly trace by the blood which falls from the wounds of
the slain animals.

Morris relates the following instance of this power,

8 DOGS

which took place in the New Forest in 1810 :—‘ A person in
getting over a stile into a field near the forest remarked
there was blood upon it. Immediately afterwards he
recollected hearing that some deer had been stolen during
the preceding night. The man went to the nearest lodge to
give information, but the keeper being from home he was
under the necessity of going to Rhinafield Lodge, which
was at a considerable distance. He was accompanied by
the under-keeper and a bloodhound. The dog, when
brought to the spot, was laid on the scent, and after
following for about a mile the track which the depre-
dator had taken, came at last to a heap of furze fagots
belonging to the family of a cottager. The woman of the
house attempted to drive the dog away, but was pre-
vented ; and on the fagots being removed a hole was dis-
covered in the ground, which contained the carcass of a
sheep that had recently been killed, and also a considerable
quantity of salted meat. This is remarkable, because the
dog was not brought to the scent until more than sixteen
hours after the man had carried the sheep away.’

The German Boarhound

This dog is also called the German Mastiff, the Ulmer
Hound, and the Great Dane, and is blue-slate colour, the
skin very fine and soft; he is very muscular in body, grace-
ful, andactive. He should weigh from 115 to 120 pounds,
and be from 29 to 30 inches in height. The head should be
long, with arched forehead, broad and square at the m uzzle,
cheeks full; eyes deeply set, small and keen ; ears, unless
cropped, small; neck long and free from hanging skin ;
chest deep, loins arched, back medium length, hind
quarters muscular, sloping shoulders, strong, firm, straight
legs, feet’ round and very large with toes set close to-
gether. The tail should reach the bend at the hind legs and
end upwards in half a circle; the nose and toe-nails should
be black. The colours are the different shades of grey or
blue, red, black, pure white, and white with patches of one

THE GERMAN BOARHOUND 9

of the other shades. They generally have a trace of a darker
tint along the spine. The nose is often parti-coloured or
entirely flesh-coloured. In the mottled kinds the wall or
china eye is common, but in the whole-coloured specimens
is never seen. In disposition they are quiet and affec-
tionate, and faithful guardians. I knew one of these dogs,
belonging to a relation of mine, who was so devoted to the
children that he always insisted on accompanying them
in their walks, and if a beggar or any unprepossessing
person was approaching he kept close to their side, and
prevented anyone passing close to them, as he had rather a
formidable appearance. He was constantly to be found
in the nursery. When told to amuse the baby he would go
and sit by it and dangle his foot in front of it for it to
play with; and I have seen a youngster give him a bone
and then take it away again, when he only wagged his
tail and put on a pleasant expression of face.

Bulldogs

These courageous animals have been kept in England
since the year 1520, when they were used for bear- and bull-
baiting, and are undoubtedly of English origin. These
dogs rarely attack, but act generally on the defensive, and
although forbidding-looking, morose animals, are kind,
faithful, and affectionate to their masters.

When these dogs attack anyone they fly at the head
and throat, and hold on with marvellous tenacity, and will
never relinquish their hold until the victim is partially
suffocated. There is no doubt that, if aroused, bulldogs
are dangerous, but as.a rule they are gentle in disposition.
They vary in weight from 16 to 60 pounds.

The chief points are: ‘ The body thick-set and compact,
very heavy in front and of comparatively light build behind ;
legs strong, short, and muscular, set outside the body ; foot
narrow and well split up, like a hare’s; the shoulders
massive and standing well out, the chest deep and wide,
skull large, temples high, with a well-defined stop, eyes

10 DOGS

black and set wide apart; the under jaw wide and well
turned up; nose large, black, and very short; ears rose-
shaped and well laid back; a short roach back, ribs well
sprung, loin fine and well tucked up; the tail set on low,
short and tapering ; the colours red, dark fawn, blue fawn,
white, and brindled in several shades, but the latter
should not be too dark. The coat fine and smooth ; height
between 16 and 21 inches; total length 20 to 34, according
to height and weight.’

Jesse relates an anecdote respecting a bulldog who
was kept by a footpad to help in robbery. Many years
ago a number of these robberies took place in the
neighbourhood of London, one of them being close to
Jesse’s residence. Ie says: ‘ A gentleman in riding home
one winter’s night had one of the hocks of his horse seized
as he was trotting along by a bulldog, who kept his hold
and brought his horse to the ground. A man then came
up and robbed the gentleman of his purse.’

Another anecdote of a bulldog showing reasoning
power is related by the Rev. E. O. Morris. ‘A white
bull terrier was owned by a gentleman at Axminster, and
was his constant companion on long journeys which he
was in the habit of making in the course of his business.
One day his master had to call at a house at the entrance
to Lyme Regis; he alighted, leaving his dog on the
driving-box. ‘The horse from some cause took fright, and
started at a tremendous pace towards the town, with the
reins trailing on the ground close to its feet. In a few
seconds the dog, apparently deliberating how to act, leaped
from the gig and seized the reins, only relinquishing them
when some persons seized the horse’s head.’

A bulldog known as Tom was well known in Bordeaux,
and was the constant companion of the Bordeaux laun-
dresses, and one day one of them offered the dog some of
the absinthe she was sipping. The dog tasted, seemed to
like it, and finished it. From that day he took everything
that was offered him—rum, vermouth, cognac, kirsch—and
every evening by about six o’clock Tom was intoxicated.

BULLDOGS 11

But one day Tom became taciturn and turned from
his liquor, and could not be persuaded to touch it, and
some hours after he was discovered trying to swallow his
hind leg, and his master, much disturbed, took him to a
vet, who put it down to hydrophobia.

Chow-Chows

These dogs are of the Pomeranian species, and in size
between a small collie and a white Pomeranian. Their
colouring is usually red, yellow, black, and blue, the latter
being the favourite and most valuable.

Their bodies.should be cobby and well covered with short
thick fur, foxy-shaped head with erect pointed ears; they
have black mouths and tongues. They are among the
most choice kind of edible dog in China, from which they
hail. In disposition they are very affectionate and very
companionable, but of a rather jealous and vindictive
character where small pet dogs are concerned.

The Collie, or Shepherd’s Dog

This favourite and fashionable dog hails from Scotland.
There are three varieties of this breed—the Scotch, the
Southern shepherd’s dog, and the drover’s dog or cur. The
first stands about fourteen to fifteen inches high, and is
a most intelligent animal, very quiet in disposition, and
though not quarrelsome shows great courage in defending
anything under its care. It will not wantonly attack a
stranger, but regards him with suspicion and rejects all
friendly advances. Collies do not attain their full coat till
about fifteen months old, or their full growth before eleven
to twelve months. The points in a perfect collie are a long,
tapering, intelligent head, small ears perfectly carried, eyes
bright and dark in colour, occasionally yellow, the frill
abundant. A draped white band round the neck, called
‘the cape,’ is much admired. The neck elegant, back
strong and long, feet strong and closely knuckled up, tail
long and carried low (those having a white tip are most

12 DOGS

admired), heavily feathered legs, hind legs well bent at the
stifles and standing straight below the hocks ; the body
muscular and graceful, covered with a short woolly coat
next the skin and a longer harder one over; the colours
black and tan, sable, occasionally white with sable mark-
ings, tricolour black, white, and tan, blue merle, grey and
black spots with china blue eyes, but these latter are very
rare. Sable collies are the most sought after.

The Southern collie, or shepherd’s dog, is larger than the
Scotch, but with shorter fur, and has a very short tail, which
is perpetuated from parents whose tails have been cut.

The drover’s dog is generally black and white in colour,
and longer in its limbs than the others. It is employed in
driving sheep to the city markets, and in the discharge of
this duty shows intelligence equal to the other varieties.
The dew claws of both English and Scotch shepherd dogs
are generally double and are not attached to the bone, as
are other claws. These are generally removed, as they are
of no use and liable to be torn off by the various obstacles
through which the animal is obliged to force its way.

The collieis also much in request for practical purposes,
and his sagacity as a sheep dog is too well known to need
description. If only a tenth part of the anecdotes told about
him were true, one would be constrained to admit that in
intelligence and quickness of perception he approaches so
near to man as to mark the line between reason and
instinct; and as the feats reported have been proved to
have been actually performed by these dogs and the facts
corroborated by eye-witnesses, one is driven to answer the
old question whether brutes reason in the affirmative.

A Mr. Jackson, of King’s Heath, Birmingham, writes
in the ‘ Stock-Keeper’ that he witnessed a wonderful per-
formance of canine sagacity,in which a collie named Scott,
aged fifteen months, played a game of cards.

“A new pack of cards was produced, which were
thoroughly shuffled and cut. I dealt out a “nap” hand.
The dog’s master placed the dog’s cards promiscuously on
the floor, and being my first call I called “ three ;” the dog

THE COLLIE, OR SHEPHERD'S DOG 13

went “four,” and at word of command commenced to play.
She led off with the king of diamonds (trumps of which I
had two)—one trick to her; then followed with the ten of
trumps, on which I played the six—two tricks to her. She
then led with the queen of clubs, which I took with the
ace, and led spades, which were trumped (three to her),
and played up the eight of clubs, thus making the four
tricks with the adroitness of an expert player. Five hands
in all were played, four of which she won. Her master
then placed in a circle about forty of the cards and re-
quested me to call for my card, which the animal promptly
picked up with unerring accuracy. I called for over
twenty cards, and not a mistake did she make. Thinking
she identified them by some motion or sign from the owner,
I requested him to turn his back upon us, but to my
amazement with the same result as before. Performance
number three was the most difficult of all. This was the
three-card trick, or finding the lady; but this time the
cards were turned face downwards, and Scott found them
three out of four tries.’

There is a good anecdote of a collie dog that could
count. Old Fetch was a shepherd dog and lived in the
Highlands. His master kept a dozen cows, who ranged at
will among the hills. When the sun was low his master
would say to his dog, ‘ Bring the cows home.’ One day he
departed as usual on his evening task, and he gathered all
the cattle, as usual, into the mountain road leading to the
barn-yard. A part of the road ran through a low moist
spot, bordered by a thicket, and into this one of the cows
pushed her way and stood quietly; the others passed on,
followed some distance in the rear by Fetch. As the cows
filed through the gate Fetch seemed very uneasy, and he
whined and growled till he attracted his master’s attention.
Then he went to the high fence round the yard, and standing
on his hind feet peered between two of the rails. After
looking at the herd carefully for a time he started off down
the road again in full run. His master now observed that
one of the cows was missing, and he sat down on a rock

14 DOGS

to see what Fetch was after. Before long he heard the
furious tinkling ofa bell, and soon Fetch appeared, bringing
in the perverse cow at a rapid pace, hastening her on by
leaping up and catching her ear with his teeth. The dog
then lay down, quietly waiting for his supper.

Knox, in his book of dog stories, relates that a collie
dog was out walking with his master somewhere in Picca-
dilly. Scoti was his name, and he wore a handsome collar,
with his own name on it and his master’s address.

The gentleman was in the habit of rushing about in
hansom cabs, and the dog always with him, but on this
occasion he was walking and missed Scoti. He searched
for him in vain. The crowd was great, and the traffic
drowned the sound of his whistle, and at last the master
returned disconsolately to his suburban home, but hoping
Scoti might find his way back. In two hours after his
arrival a hansom drove up to the door, and out jumped
Scoti. The cabman rang for his fare, and the gentleman
asked him how he had found the dog. ‘Qh, sir,’ said
cabby, ‘1 didn’t hail him at all; he hailed me. I was
a-standin’ close to St. James’s Church, a-looking out for a
fare, when injumpsthe dog. “Like hisimpudence,” says I.
So I shouts through the window, but he wouldn’t stir; so
I gets down and tries to pull him out and shows him my
whip, but he sits still and looks as much as to say, “ Go
on, old man.” As I seizes him by the collar I reads the
name and address. ‘ All right, my fine gentleman,” says I ;
“T'll drive you where you're a-wanted, I dare say,” so I shut
the door and my gentleman settles himself with his head
just a-lookin’ out. I stops at this ‘ere gate, then out jumps
my passenger, a-clearing the door, and walks in as though
he’d been a reg’lar fare.’ fi

The cabman, it is needless to say, was very liberally paid.

Messrs. Chambers, in their ‘ Anecdotes of Dogs,’ relate
an interesting story of a shepherd’s dog which happened
fifty years ago among the Grampian mountains. A shep-
herd in one of his excursions to his distant flocks took one
of his children with him. After traversing the hills the

THE COLLIE, OR SHEPHERD'S DOG 15

shepherd found he must ascend a summitat some distance
to get a more extensive view of his range, and as the
ascent was too fatiguing for the child he left him at the
bottom, with strict injunctions not to stir till his return.
He had scarcely reached the top when one of those im-
penetrable mists came on suddenly which descend so
rapidly amongst the mountains, in the space of a few
minutes turning day almost into night. The shepherd
instantly hastened back to find his child, but, owing to the
darkness, he missed his way in the descent. He searched
fruitlessly' for many hours among the morasses, till night
overtook him. ‘To renew the search that night was dan-
gerous and fruitless. He was, therefore, obliged to return
to his cot, having lost both child and dog, the latter
having attended him faithfully for years. Next morning
by daybreak he set out, accompanied by a band of his
neighbours, in search of the child, but after a day spent
in fruitless fatigue he was at last compelled by the approach
of night to descend from the mountain. On returning
to his cottage he found that the dog he had lost the day
before had been home, and on receiving a piece of cake
had instantly disappeared. For several successive days
the shepherd renewed the search, and still on returning
disappointed to his cottage he found the dog had been
home, and then on his coming next for his usual allowance
of cake he resolved to follow him and find out the cause of
his strange procedure. The dog led the way to a cataract
at some distance from the spot where the child was lost.
The banks of the cataract almost joined the top, but
were separated by an abyss of immense depth. Down one
of these rugged and almost perpendicular descents the
dog began to make his way, and at last disappeared into a
cave, the mouth of which was almost level with the torrent.
The shepherd followed with difficulty ; but on entering the
cave he beheld his child eating with much satisfaction the
cake which the faithful dog had just brought him, who
was standing by eyeing his young charge with the utmost
complacence. It appears that the child had wandered to

16 DOGS

the brink of the precipice, and had either fallen or scram-
bled down till he reached the cave, which the dread of the
torrent had afterwards prevented him from quitting. The
dog by means of his scent had traced him to the spot, and
afterwards kept him from starving by giving up to him
his own daily food. He appears never to have left the
child by night or day, except when it was necessary to go
for his food, and then he was always seen running at full
speed to and from the cottage.

Dachshunds

Dachshunds, or German badger hounds, are very popular
dogs. The principal use of them, in Germany, is to drive
deer out from close covers, which are impenetrable to other
breeds of dogs, to track wounded deer, and to kill foxes,
They are very game, but difficult dogs to break in, as they
are very nervous and high-spirited. Their power of scent
is extraordinary, and in consequence they are not often
lost, as they will find their way home in the dark from
miles away. The points of these dogs are ‘lengthy’ head
of the hound order and slightly arched on skull; eyebrows
raised ; jaw long and gradually tapering, square at the
nostrils ; strong white, level teeth; ears very long, broad,
and rounded at the ends, soft and thin, lying in graceful
folds in repose, but coming close to the face when excited.
Eyes small, keen, very intelligent, and deeply set; deep
hazel colour in the red dachshunds, very dark brown in
the black and tan variety. Skin of head and face free from
wrinkles, throat and neck thick and strong, chest deep and
wide, body long, shoulders and hind quarters strong and
muscular, fore legs strong and short, bending inwards from
the elbows and outwards at the ankles, the feet broad and
massive with hard soles; tail ten to twelve inches long
carried straight about half-way, then the latter half turned
slightly upwards in a curve, fine at the point. Colour
should be deep red or black and tan, without white hair:
some are light red and others liver-coloured, but the bright

DACHSHUNDS 17

dark red with 'flesh-coloured nose are best liked. The
black and tan ought to have a black nose, hair short and
fine ; they should be forty inches from end of nose to tail,
and height from shoulder from ten to twelve inches; their
cheeks tan, a spot of tan over each eye, two large ones on
the breast; tan legs from the knee downwards, each toe
having a round black spot on it, and black toe nails;
tan under the setting of the tail and lower part of the
body. These dogs are of a very jealous disposition and
will sulk for hours, but are most faithful and affectionate ;
they are very cleanly in their habits, but require plenty
of exercise, running as much as five or six miles a day;
they ought to be brushed daily.

The Dalmatian or Plum-Pudding Dog

This dog is famed for its love of carriages and horses.
He will follow anywhere where a horse can go, and having
wonderful sight and scent never loses himself. In ap-
pearance he is similar in shape to the large-sized bull
terrier. The head is longish, ears small and hanging close
to the cheek, dark and intelligent eyes, deep chest, fore
legs very straight, feet round and well padded, tail broad
at base and straightly carried, the coat close; and the
principal points are that the whole of the body should
be thickly covered with black or liver-coloured spots.
The ears and tail should likewise be spotted. ‘This
dog is said to be neither so clever nor so affectionate
as other dogs are, but still is faithful. Idstone, however,
mentions a Dalmatian who used to perform at the Hol-
born Amphitheatre, proving that the breed has a good
amount of cleverness notwithstanding. Idstone, describ-
ing the above dog, says: ‘The dog is of the coach-dog
breed and colour, and his antics, which rank him as the
very Grimaldi of dogs, are full of the most genuine fun and
sparkle, and as a fellow of infinite humour he burlesques
the feats of the red setter and the two poodles with a gusto
and gravity which must be seen to be appreciated.’

Cc

18 DOGS

Deerhounds

Deerhounds are very similar to the greyhound, but
much larger, and have a rough coat. Their description
is: head long, lean, and narrow, with a strong jaw; eyes
deep-set with a kindly expression; stiff, long eyebrows,
with silky hair on forehead; neck long and muscular, with
sloping shoulders; chest deep and wide, strong loins; tail
long and strong and covered thickly with hair, with slight
curve at the end. Long, well-bent thighs, plenty of bone
in forearms; coat straight, plentiful, and rather wiry ;
ears well set, covered with silky hair and dark at the tips.
The colour dark brindle, fawn, wheaten, or even white,
and all one shade of colour, They are most affectionate
animals and very good guards, and though of a noble
nature and peaceful disposition can hold their own with
any other dogs, or guard their masters if opportunities
present themselves.

Foxhounds and Staghounds

Gordon Stables, in speaking of these two kinds of dogs,
writes: ‘They are nowadays almost one and the same,
though it is generally believed the staghound is the stronger
and more able-bodied altogether.’ The foxhound is a most
symmetrical dog, and well formed for strength, endurance,
and speed. Cecil, in his ‘Hound Stud Book,’ describes
the points of the foxhound thus: ‘The head should be light
airy, and sensible, yet full of dignity; the forehead should
be a little wrinkled, with a sufliciency of chop, and the
nostrils wide-spreading ; ears set low and close to the head
and rounded ; neck long and clean; where it joins the head
it must be fine, and gradually deepen towards the shoulders.
Back straight, wide, and muscular, with an equally strong
and square loin, very slightly arched ; back ribs deep, wide
and not flat; chest deep, wide if possible, increasing be~

FOXHOUNDS AND STAGHOUNDS 19

hind the elbows to at least thirty inches, sometimes thirty-
one inches; shoulders long, sloping, and powerful; elbows
perfectly straight and well let down. Fore legs must be
as straight as possible, without any tendency backwards ;
bone of leg as large as possible, and the muscle of the fore-
arm as well as the tendons of the pasterns and toes pro-
portionately strong. If the foot is not perfectly straight
it must turn owt; round and cat-like in shape, sole hard
and thick; hind quarters strong, wide, and deep; pastern
bone strong and large; hocks strong and straight; the
stern carried gaily upwards, slightly rough beneath its
lower edge, but not feathered; point straight; coat dense,
smooth, and glossy; colour black, white, and tan, black
and white, or pied with hare, badger, red, tan, or yellow.
Height from twenty-two to twenty-five inches.’

Their ears should not be cropped before fourteen weeks
old. The two edges should be held close together, and
the thin part cut off very neatly and quickly with a very
sharp pair of scissors. Apply friar’s balsam to the wounds,
and afterwards vaseline till quite healed. The dew claws
should be cut off with a sharp pair of scissors when the
pups are just over a week old, and vaseline applied twice
or thrice a day, but the mother’s constantly licking them
soon cures them.

There is a story of a hound who saved sixty lambs in
one of those disastrous lambing seasons in Scotland when
the country is blockaded with snow, and when careful
shepherds are much exposed while feeding weak ewes and
picking up deserted lambs, which they carry to their
masters’ or own homes, where they are nursed as carefully
as children. The hound noticed what was going forward,
and though fourteen months had elapsed since she had
pups, strange to say, she saved more than sixty little
lambs that might otherwise have perished. Night and
day she was seen lying on sheepskins before the kitchen
fire with half a dozen lambs around her, devoting the most
assiduous attention to them, picking out the weakest for

the greatest care.
c2

20 DOGS

The English Greyhound

These dogs, with their slender long legs, their whipcord
muscles, their length of stride and rapidity of movement,
and their broad deep chests, prove that they are capable
of long-continued exertion. Their principal use is for
coursing, and the only chance the hare has of escaping is
to turn and turn about. The greyhound having very long
legs cannot stop all of a sudden, which gives the hare
some very little chance of escape; and if the latter once
manages to get into a wood the chase is up, as the grey-
hound only hunts by sight.

Colonel Hutchinson writes that in Persia and in many
parts of the Hast greyhounds are taught to assist the falcon
in the capture of deer.

There are three other species of greyhounds—the
Scotch, Irish, and Italian. The Scotch has a greater
power of scent than the greyhound, but this breed is
becoming extinct. The Ivish greyhound is of great size
and very strongly built, and the hair a pale fawn colour;
but this breed is rare. The Italian species is diminutive,
and requires the greatest care and attention, and is quite
a woman’s dog. They are fearfully susceptible to cold,
and should never be allowed to go about uncovered in the
winter months, as the cold weather easily affects their lungs.

The points of a greyhound are: head wide behind and
snake-like in appearance; neck like a drake’s and ex-
tremely long, which gives it great power of reaching its
game whilst running.

The Italian Greyhound

The beauty of the Italian greyhound, with its delicate
grace, its shyness, and its timid helplessness, classes it
pre-eminently among ladies’ pets; its delicate limbs and
fine coat unfit it to be out of doors without a coat
except on a hot summer’s day. It is of a most gentle and
affectionate disposition. The points of this greyhound are

THE ITALIAN GREYHOUND al

that it should be as small as possible and fragile in ap-
pearance, and should not exceed eight or nine pounds in
weight; the skull prominent; head fine, long, and flat ;
jaw very lean, the eyes fairly large, the ears like those of
the greyhound proper; the coat never very thick, but
fine and soft, the colour variable; blue, white, and fawn
are all favourites.

The Scotch Greyhound

This is a rough dog and the breed is nearly extinct ; it
is larger in every way than the English greyhound, but is
not nearly so fast. The hairisrough. Itis very intelligent.

The eye should be dark, bright, round, and full,
with a soft, languishing, timid, fawn-like look; the ears
small and thin, soft and falling, the lower half thrown
slant-wise backwards and showing the interior of the
ear sideways; teeth white, level, and strong; the chest
deep and wide, but not too round; the shoulders deep,
broad, and obliquely placed; neck long, slender, and
arched, and gracefully curved to the shoulder; the fore-
arm straight, with plenty of bone and muscle; the hind
leg straight, lois strong and hard, the back well let
into the shoulders, with a strong ridge of muscle standing
up above the ribs on either side of the backbone; the
feet well knuckled up and cat-like, with good pads and
strong nails; tail of fair length, thin, and carried with a
graceful sweep.

Greyhounds are of divers colours. Some say the grey-
hounds pied with black and white are the most swift, but
there are good ones of all colours—white, red, red and fawn,
blue and white, blue, blue-ticked, red-ticked, and brindle.

Froissart, the great historian, relates a story of a grey-
hound belonging to King Richard I]. when he was a
prisoner in the Castle of Kent. I will give the anecdote
in the words of the chronicler :—

‘It was informed me King Richard had a greyhound
called Math, who always waited upon the King, and would

22 poas

know no one else; for whenever the King did ride he
that kept the greyhound let him loose, and he would
straight run to the King and fawn upon him, and leap
with his four feet upon the King’s shoulder. And as the
King and the Earl of Derby talked together in the court,
the greyhound, who was wont to leap upon the King, left
the King and came to the Earl of Derby, Duke of Lan-
caster, and made to him the same friendly countenance.
The Duke, not knowing the greyhound, demanded the
King what the greyhound would do.‘ Cousin,” quoth the
King, “it isa great token for you and an evil sign for
me.”

6“ Sir, how know you that?” asked the Duke.

‘“T know it well,” answered the King, “The grey-
hound maketh you cher this day as King of England, as
you shall be, and I shall be dispossessed. The greyhound
has this knowledge naturally, therefore take him to you.
He will follow you and forsake me.”

‘The Duke understood well these words, and cherished
the greyhound, who would never after - follow King
Richard, but followed the Duke of Lancaster,’

Another greyhound anecdote is that an officer named
St. Leger, who was imprisoned at Vincennes during the
war of St. Bartholomew, wished to keep a greyhound that
he had brought up with him, and to which he was much
attached. He was refused permission to keep the dog, and
the greyhound was sent to his house in the Rue des
Lions St. Paul.

The next day the dog returned to Vincennes and
began to bark under the windows of the tower where his
master was confined. St. Leger approached and looked
through the bars, and was delighted to see his faithful dog,
who began to jump and to play a thousand gambols to
show his joy. He threw the poor beast a piece of bread
which it immediately ate. This greyhound during the four
years of his master’s incarceration visited him daily ;
whether it rained or snowed the faithful animal never
failed for a single day to pay his accustomed visit. Six

THE SCOTCH GREYHOUND 23

months after his release from prison St. Leger died, but
the faithful greyhound would no longer remain in the
house, but the day after the funeral returned to the Castle
of Vincennes, and it is supposed that he was actuated by a
motive of gratitude. A jailer in the outer court had
always shown great kindness to the dog, which was as
handsome as affectionate, and this man, touched by his at-
tachment and beauty, always facilitated his approach to
see his master and ensured his safe retreat; and being
grateful for this service the greyhound remained the rest
of his life with the jailer, and the affectionate animal
constantly repaired to the tower where St. Leger had been
imprisoned and would contemplate for hours together the
gloomy window from which his beloved master had so often
smiled upon him, and where they had so often breakfasted.

Another curious fact is the story of a greyhound whose
master was an expert bicyclist and was accustomed to
run down hill with his legs tucked up on the machine; the
dog always seemed to take great pleasure in this feat, and
one day, to his master’s astonishment, he suddenly drew
all his legs under him and shot past the bicycle at an
elevation of some five feet from the ground. Three times
only in the course of a long descent he just touched the
ground with his left hind foot, and met his master at the
bottom of the hill with frisks and bounds, having travelled
nearly 300 yards in the air.

It is a curious fact that on the death of this dog ele-
mentary wing processes were found on his shoulder-blades,
which seems to indicate a natural predilection for flying.

The Harrier

This dog is used for coursing and hare-hunting, and
is not very dissimilar to the foxhound. There are many
different sizes and styles of harriers. The head of this
dog is heavier in proportion than that of the foxhound,
the ears set on lower and of thinner texture. The neck
is longer, and is very gracefully poised. ‘The points are
the same as those of the foxhound,

24 DOGS

The Lion Dogue of Bordeaux

This dog has a round head, short nose, large skull, a
projecting under jaw, which allows the animal to breathe
without relaxing his hold, but his teeth must meet exactly.

The fangs are highly developed, and the wrinkles on
the face and round the eyes give much character to his
expression. They ought to be small and fine, the back
straight, with a powerfully developed chest, fore legs very
muscular, hind quarters not so much go.

The colour is fawn or red, and the darker the better.

These dogs are very courageous and are splendid
watch dogs, and their fidelity is proof against everything ;
but they are much given to fighting other dogs.

The Lurcher

This is generally called the poacher’s dog, and is a
cross between a greyhound and a sheep dog. They are
very clever and cunning, of small size, rough and hard in
coat, and of the sheep-dog order, with a slight look of the
greyhound. They are of different colours and are capital
retrievers.

The Maltese Dog

This dog bears a strong resemblance to the Skye terrier,
but is much more diminutive and shorter in the back, and
has a very silky coat, which should be of the purest white
and very long, covering the face. The tail is carried over
the back, and should be very short, with a flag of silky
hair. The skin is of a delicate pink colour. The hair
should be quite straight.

These are most affectionate dogs; they are very clever
and easily taught a variety of tricks.

Mastiffs

The mastiff is the largest of the indigenous English
dogs. It is of the size of a wolf, very robust in form, and

MASTIFFS 25

has the sides of the lips protruding. Its aspect is sullen, its.
bark loud and terrific, and it appears in every way formed
to guard property entrusted to its care, and ag a yard dog it
is most valuable, as its power and courage are so great.

A mastiff should never be kept on the chain; it makes
him surly and ill-tempered.

The points of a mastiff are: the head massive and
dignified-looking ; a broad flat forehead; cheeks promi-
nent; muzzle broad and square, and not too long; ears
small, fine, and pendent, lying close to the cheek; eyes
smallish, with intelligent mild expression, colour of them
hazel; face short and not tapering towards the point of
the nose; teeth level, flews deep; neck strong and mus-
cular; body strong and moderately long, with deep broad
chest; loins broad and. powerful; legs straight; feet
small, round, and close; tail long and strong, and should
be carried high when the dog is excited; shoulders and
thighs very muscular and well set on; coat fine and close.
The favourite colour is fawn with black points; next to
this comes brindle, then red with black points. The
points signify the muzzle, mask, and face.

The height is from 29 to 31 inches at the shoulder ;
females are two or three inches lower. A dog standing
29 to 32 inches should weigh from 120 lbs. to 160 lbs.

The remarkable power and courage of this breed make
him essentially fit to be the dog of the keeper when
possessing a good temper, which is a most necessary point,
as a savage mastiff is a most dangerous animal. Dalziel,
in his ‘British Dogs,’ speaking of mastiffs, says: ‘In
general appearance the mastiff is noble and dignified, and
the magnanimous expression of his countenance bespeaks
consciousness of power governed by a noble and courageous
nature. There are mastiffs with sinister and scowling
faces, but these will rarely be found to possess the gran-
deur of form that distinguishes the breed, and are often
cross-bred. But instances of a surly and dangerous dis-
position will show themselves in otherwise good and pure
dogs, and when this is the case they become a positive

26 DOGS

danger to their owners and a terror to the neighbour-
hood. But the natural disposition is gentle, with an
intuitive desire to afford protection, so that a well-trained
mastiff is at once the best of companions—not given to
quarrel, solicitous of notice from those he serves—and
proves with his intelligence and high mettle the best
guard of persons and property.’

A tanner who had a mastiff which guarded his yard
once had occasion to suspect his foreman of dishonesty.
The foreman had always given the dog his food, and the
two were on the best of terms. Knowing the dog so well,
the dismissed foreman thought there would be no danger
in stealing a number of hides from the yard; so in the
dead of night he drove his cart close against the wall and
jumped over into the yard. The mastiff showed no sur-
prise at the nocturnal visit, but he followed him about
pretty closely. The cart was soon loaded, and the fore-
man began to climb the gate. But these proceedings
seemed to excite the dog’s suspicions, for the man had
usually only to draw the bolt. Without the slightest
. hesitation the mastiff seized the man, and held him tight
till the morning, when his master made his appearance.

Another anecdote is that a gentleman dropped a
sovereign when he was leaving home, and on his return in
the evening was told the dog was ill and refused to eat,
but that it would not let the servant take the food away,
but had been lying with its nose on the pan without
attempting to touch it. The master at once went to see
the dog, when it jumped to its feet and laid the missing
sovereign upon the floor.

Chambers, in his ‘ Anecdotes of Dogs,’ relates that Sir
Henry Lee, of Ditchley, in Oxfordshire, had a mastiff which
guarded the house and yard, but had never met with any
particular attention from his master and was not a
favourite dog. One night as Sir Henry was retiring to
his bedroom, attended by his favourite valet, an Italian,
the mastiff silently followed them upstairs, which he had
never done before, and, to his master’s astonishment, pre-

MASTIFFS 27

sented himself in the bedroom, and was instantly ordered
out, which being complied with the poor animal began
scratching violently at the door and howling loudly for
admission, ‘The servant was sent to drive him away, but
he returned again and was more importunate than before.
Sir Henry, weary of opposition and wishing to retire to
rest, bade the servant open the door to see what he wanted
to do, This done, the mastiff, wagging his tail and casting
a look of affection at his master, walked in, and crawling
under the bed lay down. ''o save further trouble he was
allowed to remain, and the valet withdrew. About mid-
night the bedroom door opened and a person was heard
stepping across the room. Sir Henry started from his
sleep; the dog sprang from his covert, seized the in-
truder, and pinned him to the spot. All was dark, and Sir
Henry rang his bell in order to procure a light. The
person pinned to the floor roared for assistance. It was
found to be the favourite valet. He endeavoured to apolo-
gise for his intrusion and to make plausible excuses, but
the importunity of the dog, the time, the place, the manner
of the valet, raised suspicions in Sir Henry’s mind, and he
determined to have all investigated before a magistrate.
The man, terrified by the threat of punishment and soothed
by the hope of pardon, finally confessed that it was his
intention to murder his master and rob the house. It is
needless to say the mastiff became a prime and honoured
favourite ever after. A full-length picture of Sir Henry,
with the mastiff by his side and the words ‘ More faithful
than favoured,’ is preserved among the family pictures.

Newfoundlands

These dogs are a large and splendid breed, full of
affection and fidelity, and at the same time extremely
sagacious; all they want to make them really human
is the power of speech. A writer in the ‘ Field’ declares
there are three breeds—the Large, the Newfoundland
proper, the Larger Labrador, and the St. John or Lesser

28 DOGS

Labrador—and that the dog with long shaggy hair is the
pure and simple Newfoundland, the dog with the com-
pletely curly hair the Labrador, and that with a close
and smooth coat the St. John.

The head of this breed is very large and massive, and
it is very wide across the eyes, which are golden yellow
in colour. The muscles beneath the eyes are strongly
developed, giving the dog great power of jaw; the muzzle
is deep and almost square at the end; the upper lips slightly
overhang ; large mouth, with strong levelteeth. The neck
is wonderfully thick but rather short; ears small and set
low, hanging close to the face ; backbone long and strong ;
legs strong, straight, and muscular; the thighs well-
muscled ; feet very large, flat, with good, well-padded
soles under them. Tail long and bushy, slightly turned
on one side, and carried well down. The coat generally
parts down the back, and this parting continues to the
end of the tail. The best colouring is pure black with a
white star on the chest.

There are black and white Newfoundlands, but they
are not such favourites as the all black. Occasionally may
be seen black dogs with red dun-colour legs, but they are
never appreciated.

These dogs are wonderfully sagacious and seem to
reason. Youatt relates a very amusing anecdote of one
who lived in Cork. This dog was often assailed by several
little noisy curs in the street. He usually passed them with
apparent unconcern, as if they were beneath his notice, but
one little creature was particularly troublesome and at
length went so far as to bite the Newfoundland dog in the
back of his leg. This was an insult that could not be
patiently endured, and he instantly turned round, ran after
the offender, seized him by the poll, and carried him in
this manner to the quay, and holding him for some time
over the water at length dropped him into it, then waited
a little while till the offender was well ducked and nearly
ae and then plunged in and brought him out safe
to land.

NEWFOUNDLANDS 29

A gentleman in Newcastle has a Newfoundland
boasting constitutional principles, who, it is said, goes
out every morning to look at the newspaper contents
bills. When he sees the ‘Journal’ placard he wags his tail
and shows great delight. When he glances at that of
the ‘Chronicle’ he is not delighted, yet he looks knowing
and partially approving; but when he comes to that of
the Gladstonian paper the dog looks, gives a low growl,
and walks away.

Jesse relates a very amusing anecdote of a Newfound-
land who had learned the use of a pump. Whenever he
felt thirsty he would go into the kitchen, take up a pail
and carry it to the pump, and would wait there till one of
the servants passed, when he made gestures to show he
wanted the pail filled, and having had his drink would
carry the pail back to the kitchen and put it in its

lace.

: Chambers, in his ‘ Anecdotes of Dogs,’ relates that a
Newfoundland and a mastiff were enemies and fought
whenever they met. One day they had a fierce battle on
the pier, from the point of which they both fell into the
sea, from which they had no means of escape except by
swimming a considerable distance.

Of course this had the effect of separating the com-
batants, and each began to make for the land as best
he could. The Newfoundland very speedily gained the
pier, on which he stood shaking himself and watching
the motions of his enemy, who, being no swimmer, was
strugeling—exhausted—in the water and just about to
sink.

The Newfoundland dashed in, took the other gently by
his collar, kept his head above water, and brought him
safely to shore. There was a complete reconciliation
between the dogs from that time; they were always to-
gether, and when the Newfoundland had been accidentally
killed by a stone waggon on the railway passing over
him the mastiff languished and lamented for a long
time.

30 DOGS

The Otter Hound

Youatt describes the origin of this breed from the
Southern hound, or talbot, crossed with the rough terrier.
The dog is of the same size as the old Southern hound, but
differs in having a long rough coat.

The head is in shape between that of a bloodhound and
a foxhound; eyes dark, deeply set, very thoughtful ; nose
large and black with very hairy muzzle; lips ample and
full; ears long, thin, and coated with longish hair ; fore-
head high and wrinkled, neck moderately long and muscu-
lar, with well-developed flews and a small dewlap; chest
deep and fairly wide, well-sloping shoulders, back ribs
very deep, loin strong and straight, hind quarters muscu-
lar with a well-let-down hock; the stern covered with hair
and the tip well pointed; coat hard and very abundant; the
colours grey or black, rufus red, or pale tan, or black pied.

The otter hound is very sagacious, and when domes-
ticated makes an affectionate and intelligent companion.

The Pointer

The pointer owes its origin to Spain, as it is descended
from an old Spanish dog crossed with either the foxhound
or the greyhound. ‘This is a very graceful dog, and pointing
comes naturally to the breed. The head of the pointer
should be large and rather long, wide across the ears, with
a broad nose and square in front; lips well marked and
just flewed at the corners. Between the eyes there is a
stop. ‘The eyes are large, soft, bright, and animated ; ears
moderately long, fine in leather, and set low on the head ;
long sloping neck; deep and muscular shoulders; deep
chest, but not wide ; fore legs straight and muscular; hind
legs well let down, with powerful muscles ; cat-like feet
and round, with hard horny soles; body long and strong ;
tail broad and tapering to a fine point, like a bee’s sting.

The colours preferred are lemon and white and liver
and white, next to which come black and white.

THE POINTER 31

There are also whole colours, such as jet black, liver,
red, and white.

The texture of the coat should be soft and short.

‘Sala’s Journal’ gives the following account of a pointer
puppy :-—

‘Tt seems that a well-known North Country sportsman
had a favourite pointer who had a litter, and amongst them
was a smaller one than the rest, who, on account of sup-
posed weakness, was allowed in the house and made a pet
of by the ladies and children; and it formed a habit of
playing with balls of wool and cotton which fell on the
carpet, and as it grew it developed a singular taste, when
there was no more wool on hand, of seizing the antima-
cassars and having a romp with them, and often did damage.
To break him of his bad habits he was sharply flogged once
or twice with a whip which was hung on a peg of the
hall stand, just outside the room. About a week after its
last castigation its further use was required, but the whip
could not be found. Another was procured and applied,
and placed in the same position. A view of the spot in
the hall was visible from the door of some of the domestic
offices, and, when all had quieted down after the last
whipping, a noise was heard by the housemaid. She
spied the pup jumping and climbing up the stand until
he could get hold of the whip, which done he ran off with
itout of the house. ‘The girl followed, watching his move-
ments, and saw him enter an old disused barn some distance
away, and shortly after return gaily enough without the
whip. The girl told her master, and, on the old barn being
entered, the dog’s hiding-place was traced by means of some
footmarks over some old barrels, and behind the rearmost
both whips were discovered.’

The Pomeranian or Spitz Dog

This is hardly a British dog, though it is now quite
common in England. It is in appearance very much like

32 DOGS

the collie, but is a good deal smaller and carries the tail
over the back, and is generally perfectly white in colour ;
the ears are pricked. Its character is uncertain in temper,
but it is very affectionate and docile to those it loves, and
is a capital watch dog and guard to property.

The ‘Band of Hope Review’ relates a story of a
Pomeranian who has been taught a great many tricks, and
among them is this: that when his dinner is prepared
some one calls out, ‘Pico, go and fetch your table-cloth.’
He gets up, walks to the sideboard cupboard, which he
opens with his nose, and brings out a copy of the ‘Times,’
which he lays on the carpet, and on this his plate is placed.
He then begs till a finger goes down as the word ‘ten’ is
pronounced. After eating his dinner he is told to fetch
his biscuits, when he trots to the kitchen and picks up a
covered basket, which he brings to his mistress, and
throws with a bang at her side. He has a great dislike to
the look of a tumbler or wine glass, and will not drink out
of any except that of the teetotal housemaid. This dog
goes every morning to wake the groom by jumping on his
bed and pulling the clothes off.

Poodles

These are very clever, sagacious dogs, and there is
nothing in reason they cannot be taught. They are very
affectionate, but jealous to a fault, and are given to snap
and growl at strangers. Their points are: head long
and strong, with a well-developed brow and a good amount
of muscle about the cheeks; muzzle long, but not snipey ;
mouth level; nose sharp and black, with open, wide nostrils :
eyes peculiar, small, dark hazel in colour, and almond-
shaped and bright; the white should be shown round the
iris, and in good-tempered dogs the expression is gentle
and intelligent; ears long and wide, hanging close to the
cheek, with a vast amount of feather; teeth white and
strong, lips black and tight-fitting, roof of mouth and gums

POODLES 33

black ; neck fairly long ; tail set up high and well carried,
notcurled up nor carried over back; loins and legs muscular;
fore legs quite straight, hind legs fairly bent ; coat thick and
strong; but there are two kinds, one closely curled all over
and the other with very long rope-like ringlets ; the colour
jet black or else pure white. There are two sizes, large
and small. The larger sort are mostly preferred. Poodles
should be clipped when about ten or eleven months old by
a professional poodle-shaver, and then kept in order by
means of a proper brush anda pair of Clarke's dog clippers
(similar to the sort used for horses). ‘The face is clipped
bare, with the exception of the eyebrows, mustachios, anda
small goatee. The body above the ribs is clipped bare, and
the legs and stomach, except that tufts are left on the top of
the rump and a fringe round the hocks. he fore legs are
clipped, except a fringe roundthe knees. In ‘Sala’s Journal’
there is a capital description of the shaving of a poodle,
given by a professional lady poodle-clipper, who advises
‘a muzzle on the dog and a good dog-whip in view, witha
piece of sweet cake to calm him in case he is inclined to
be troublesome, and then decide how far up the back he
should be cut. The middle of the body is the prettiest, at
the exact position of the round tufts of hair on the hips.
Marking the line with white chalk, leave a frill of fur,
beginning at the root of the tail and coming low on his
thighs; leave two ruffles or bracelets of fur on each leg, with
a distance of two inches between each bracelet, and a large
tuft on the end of his short tail will complete the poodle’s
frilleries. Begin shaving him on the back, taking care to
press well against the skin and going against the hair and
not the way it grows. After having shaved him on back
and stomach you come to his legs. Here the scissors will
be needed, especially for the hind legs, the skin not having
sufficient resistance for the clippers. For the paws the
dog is troublesome, as the scissors tickle the soles of his
feet. In cutting out all the long hair between the round,
pad-like flesh and between his toes, be most careful ; this
part of the operation must be well done, as on that denends
D

34 DOGS

the neatness of the paw. The hair must be cut closely
round the nails and short thumb. The tops of the paws
can be cut with the clippers and finished off with the
scissors, snipping off all straggling bits round the feet.
When they are finished, rub the ball of the paws with a
little vaseline or salad oil, to keep them glossy and
prevent them breaking. In dressing the face, scissors
must almost entirely be used, as only the sides and throat
can be operated upon with the clippers. The tiny hairs
over the nose should be cut very short, and also round the
mouth, especially at the corners. Underneath and between
the eyes also the hair must be well cut, only leaving the
eyebrows long. When entirely finished, well brush his coat
with a metallic dog brush, and just lightly clip the long
fur here and there ; then rub him with brilliantine.’

Poodles require plenty of air and exercise and kind
treatment. As puppies they should be fed in the morning
on milk, oatmeal porridge, and one Spratts’ puppy biscuit,
broken small and mixed in the porridge, and in the
evening give them a plateful of bread soaked in gravy,
minced mutton or beef, with occasionally vegetables cut up
small and mixed in. Give plenty of water and occasional ly
a little boiled milk. They should have plenty of air and
exercise, but must never be exposed to wet or damp, nor
allowed to lie on wet grass or cold pavements.

Edward Jesse relates the following interesting anecdote:
‘An inhabitant of Dresden had a poodle, and for some
reason or other he gave it to a friend, a countryman who
lived three leagues from Dresden, and who, knowing the
attachment of the dog to her former master, took care to
keep her tied up, and would not let her leave the house till
he thought she had forgotten him. During this time the
poodle had young ones, three in number, which she
nourished with great affection. She appeared to have en-
tirely given up her uneasiness at her new abode and
therefore it was thought she had forgotten her old master
and she was no longer kept a prisoner. Very soon the
poodle was missing, and also the pups, and nothing was

POODLES 35

heard of them for several days. One morning her master’s
friend came to him from Dresden and informed him that
on the preceding evening the poodle had come to his house
with one of the puppies in her mouth, and that another
had been found dead on the road. It appeared that the
dog had started in the night, carrying the pups (who were
not able to walk) one after another a certain distance on
the road to Dresden, with the evident intention of conveying
them all to her beloved master. The third pup was never
found, but is supposed to have been carried off by some wild
animal or bird while the poor mother was in advance with the
others, the dead one apparently having perished from cold.’

Washington Irving describes a poodle thus ludicrously :
‘A little, old, grey-muzzled curmudgeon, with an unhappy
eye that kindles like a coal if you only look at him; his
nose turns up; his mouth is drawn into wrinkles so as to
show his teeth ; in short, he has altogether the look of a
dog far gone into misanthropy and totally sick of the
world. When he walks he has his tail curled up so tight
that it seems to lift his feet from the ground. This wretch
is called Beauty.’

Pugs

Pugs are very affectionate and good-tempered. They
are inclined to get very fat and are greedy eaters, but do
not require much food to keep them healthy, and should
have plenty of exercise.

The chief points in pugs are: large head, not too round ;
eyes dark, full, and very prominent; ears small and fine in
texture ; neck short and muscular. There should bea great
deal of velvety black on the nose and face; the former should
be slightly retroussé ; a black stripe should extend down the
middle of the back to the root of the tail, which is called
the trace. The moles on the cheek should be black, the face
short and wrinkled, the wrinkles being very dark; a dark
spot should be found on the forehead. Legs straight and
short, feet small with black toe nails; tail well curled up
over the back, and resting on the one side or the other of the

D2

36 DOGS

hip; body short and cobby, chest wide and well ribbed up.
The principal colour should be bright fawn with clearly-
defined black markings.

The Japanese Pug

This is a toy spaniel similar in its shape and size to
the King Charles, and is rather rare. The colouring is
white with black markings ; it weighs from three to five
pounds.

Retrievers

These dogs are used by sportsmen to retrieve game,
and are most useful. There are four kinds of these dogs—
the black wavy-coated, the black curly-coated, the liver
colour, and the Norfolk retriever. The first-mentioned
should be of moderate size, with a good long head, muzzle
deep, and the lips fairly light; ears small, fine in tex-
ture, and lying close to the head, and covered with soft
short hair; eyes large and dark, with a very intelli-
gent expression; long muscular neck, chest wide, and
shoulders deep and obliquely placed; straight back, well-
developed hind quarters; fore legs strong, straight, and
feathered; feet round, with well-arched toes; tail carried
down and feathered ; coat close, glossy, and slightly wavy.
Colour pure black, without any white whatever. Height
from twenty-one to twenty-four inches.

The Black Curly-coated Ietriever is a bigger dog than
the black wavy-coated, but is much the same in points, with
the exception of the coat, the head, and the tail. The
head is narrower and longer; the tail is long, tapering,
and straight, and should have no flag, but be covered with
short crisp curls. The face is covered with soft close hair
but the rest of the body should be thickly covered with
short crisp curls, and the colour jet black.

Liiver-coloured Retrievers are exactly the same in points
as the black breed, but their coat is liver-coloured.

The Norfolk Retriever.—Saxon describes him thus:

RETRIEVERS 37

‘Colour more often brown than black, a sort of sandy brown;
curly coat and inclined to be open and woolly. The coat
is not long, and across the back there is often a saddle of
straight short hair; texture coarse, and looks rusty ; head
heavy and wise-looking, large, and thickly covered with
long curly hair; limbs stout and strong, well-webbed feet,
tail docked but not too short. They are rather above
the medium size and are strong, compact dogs, and
are exceedingly intelligent and tractable, capable of being
trained to almost anything both in the way of tricks and
with the gun. In temperament they are lively and cheerful,
make excellent companions, and are rarely sulky or vicious.’
Morris, in his ‘ Dogs and their Doings,’ relates that a
retriever saved the life of a boy in Staffordshire. He was
playing on the bank of the Caulden Canal, near Hanley,
when he accidentally fell into the water. According to the
boy’s own account he was sinking the second time, when
a retriever, belonging to a grocer at Hanley, seeing him
in the water, sprang in to his rescue, seized the back
of his waistcoat, and dragged him to land. The poor little
fellow soon recovered himself and walked home. ‘The dog
walked by his side till he reached his father’s door, and then,
with a self-congratulatory wag of his tail, trotted home.

Russian Setters

These are very useful dogs; they are deep liver in colour,
curly-coated, or fawn with white toes and white chests.
They have the appearance of a large Bedlington terrier.
They possess a perfection of nose; in extreme heat, wet,
or cold it never seems to vary, and they are most valuable
to sportsmen on that account.

St. Bernards

The mission of these dogs is to save life. These heroic
animals are known all over the world for benevolence and
daring courage. The instinctive faculty is that of saving

38 DOGS

life in snowstorms. St. Bernard de Menthon established
this breed of dog, being the founder of the monastery
situated on the summit of the Alps.

‘The peculiar faculty of this dog is shown by the
curious fact that if a pup of this breed is placed upon snow
for the first time it will begin to scratch it and sniff about,
as if in search of something. When they have been
regularly trained they are sent out in pairs, during heavy
snowstorms, in search of travellers who may have been
overwhelmed with the snow. In this way they pass over
a great extent of country, and by the acuteness of their
scent find out if anyone is overwhelmed by a snowdrift.
When it is considered that Mount St. Bernard is situated
about 8,000 feet above the level of the sea, and that it is
the highest habitable place in Europe, and that the road
that passes across it is constantly traversed, the great
utility of the dog is manifest.’

These dogs make very affectionate and faithful com-
panions. They are most intelligent, and seein to understand
every word said to them.

A full-erown St. Bernard should be from 120 to 170
pounds in weight, and stand from 380 to 33 inches in
height at the shoulder. The head should be broad and
square, high on the skull; eyes large, drooping, with a
geutle expression, showing the red under the eyelid; éars
small and carried close to the sides of the face; the neck
thick and strong, the legs straight and massive, the feet
very large and thickly soled; dew claws are allowed ; the
hind legs strong and well set, and the hocks should not
touch each other; the body symmetrical and powerful ;
the tail well carried on a level with the back, or below it,
but not turned over the back; the coat perfectly sleek
and smooth in the short-coated variety, and should consist
of an under and an over coat, the outer one being strong
and hard in texture and the under one woolly and soft.
In colour they are generally red, orange, or brindled with
a white blaze up the face, on the chest, legs, and tip of tail.
They have very kindly and expressive countenances.

ST. BERNARDS 89

These dogs require a wonderful amount of liberty, but
are uot tit for rnnning long distances, being very liable to
soreness of foot.

They are good-tempered, affectionate, and first rate
watch dogs. Their besetting sins are chasing sheep and
stealing from butchers’ shops, for which they should be
severely chastised.

The coat of the St. Bernard should be kept well brushed
and combed, especially in their puppyhood. St. Bernard
pups require the greatest care; often in a litter there will
be some smooth and some rough. As pups they should be
fed three times a day till four months old ; after that twice
a day till full grown, which should be at: fourteen months.

The best food for them is Spratts’ biscuits soaked in
good gravy, meat, and vegetables, with plenty of farinaceous
food, the quantity being increased weekly. They should
have a little lime water to drink, to help make their
limbs strong.

Bone-dust sprinkled over their food is good for them,
as St. Bernards are liable to be rickety.

It is a good plan to give a teaspoonful of Parrish’s
chemical food in a saucer of milk every morning for a
month, then discontinue for a month, then give it again
rather stronger for six weeks.

For all St. Bernards oatmeal porridge is excellent,
combined with meat, paunch, liver, sheeps’ heads, and good
dog biscuits.

Morris, in his volume of ‘Dogs and thew Doings,’
says: ‘One of this breed of dogs which had been de-
corated with a medal in commemoration of his having
saved the lives of twenty-two persons, perished in 1816,
while attempting to convey a Piedmontese courier to his
anxious family. The courier arrived at the Hospice at
a very stormy period of the year, striving to reach the
little village of St. Pierre, in the valley beneath, where his
wife and children dwelt. The brothers vainly attempted
to check this resolution. They at last gave him two
guides, each of whom was accompanied by a dog, of which

40 DOGS

one was the bearer of the medal. As the party descended
from the Hospice, they were suddenly overwhelmed by
two avalanches; and the same destruction awaited the
family of the courier, who were making their way up to
the Hospice to obtain some news of him who was so dear
to them. They all perished.’

There is also an anecdote related by Miss Hales of a
St. Bernard dog named Thunder, who was brought from
the Mount when a few months old. She says: ‘ He is
so exceedingly good-natured, and has so much of the real
Mount St. Bernard disposition, that he has been frequently
seen saving little chickens which had fallen into his pan
of water, which is very deep, and instead of taking them
into his mouth to lift them out he puts his nose under
them and lifts them out most quietly.

‘T have often seen him doing this, and sometimes when
I have passed his kennel and stopped to notice him I have
observed him looking at me and then at something on the
ground to attract my attention, and I have found it to be
a poor little chicken half drowned, which he had just saved
from his pan, and which he was anxious I should take up
and dry. He always allows the chickens to help them-
selves to his food before he takes it himself, but when he
thinks it is time he should have some, instead of frightening
the chickens away he takes the can hy its handle and
walks inside his kennel with it.’

The Schipperke, or Dog of Flanders

This is a small black dog, without a tail, which weighs
eight to eleven pounds. The colour is dense black
with o white in it; the hair hard and wiry, with a fringe
of longer hair on the thighs and a ruff round the neck ;
the head foxy with pointed muzzle and erect pointed ears ;
eyes extremely bright and keen, hind quarters round with
a total absence of tail, feet small, straight strong legs.
Some are born absolutely without a tail, and in other cases
it is removed at a very early stage of their existence.

THE SCHIPPERKE, OR DOG OF FLANDERS 41

They are naturally playful dogs and easily taught in
early life. In disposition they are self-willed and only
obedient to their owners; they are first-rate protectors of
property and person.

Setters

There are several kinds of setters—the Dropper, the
English, the Gordon, and the Ivish.

The setter has great spirit and strength; he will stand
very hard work, has a very long stride, and, his toes
being clothed with hair between them, he rarely gets foot-
sore, but requires good breaking and plenty of work.

The English setter is about the size of a collie, has a
long and narrow head, but high at the forehead. The nose
is large and wide, and shows an inclination to fall inwards
towards the eyes; the jaws are strong, with just a little
flew at the angles. The nostrils should be very moist ; the
ears about six inches long, set on low, hanging close to the
head, and well feathered with silky hair; eyes large, full
of intelligence, but not too prominent ; long thin neck, with
a slight arch and well covered with muscle; shoulders
deep and sloping; elbows well let down, forearm and leg
straight and strong; cat-like feet, the soles thick and
strong ; chest deep, body long and muscular, well-developed
thighs ; long tail and well carried, but not with the slightest
curl over it, the feather flat, long, and silky; coat fine
and abundant, soft, silky, long, and straight. The colours
vary with the different strains. For instance, the Lort
setters are bright tan and white and black and white;
the Laverack blue and white, liver and white, and lemon
and white. The weights vary from 50 to 70 pounds, and
the height at the top of the shoulder from 22 to 24
inches.

The Gordon Setter

is in colour deep glossy black, with bright orange tan
markings on face, back of legs, and under tail, and differs

42 DOGS

from the English setter by being shorter in stern, and with
a heavier head; the coat is not so fine in texture. This
setter has grand scenting powers and a very lively carriage,
but is inclined to be shy and headstrong.

The Irish Setter

This species are good workers and excellent companions.
The colour is a brilliant reddish brown ; long, rather coarse,
and abundant coat; long body; deep und wide chest; the
tail long and carried on a line with the spine; a kindly and
intelligent expression, with brilliant and keen eyes; the
foot half tawny, the tip half looking as if stained with
blood; must not show black on the ears, back, head, or tail ;
white should not appear anywhere except in the centre of
the forehead and the centre of the breast.

Blenheim Spaniels

The ‘ Field’ of September 15, 1866, speaks of these
spaniels thus: ‘This drawing-room favourite derives its
name from the seat of the Duke of Marlborough, who used
to be a careful breeder of them. . . . It is very difficult to
trace the origin of this dog, which, judging from Vandyck’s
pictures, was cherished at Court in the days of Charles I.
. . . It has been asserted that the same description of dog
was a favourite temp. Ilenry VIII., that it was much
esteemed by Queen Elizabeth, and that the small « dogg”
found under the clothes of Mary Queen of Scots after her
execution was of this breed.’

The points are: head semi-globular, projecting over the
eyes to meet as nearly as possible ; the nostril turned up ;
eyes set wide apart and looking straight forward, round,
large, and full, very dark, with very deep black pupils; a
deep hollow between the eyes called the ‘ stop ;’ the
muzzle short, broad, and upturned, the tip deep black, the

BLENHEIM SPANIELS 43

jaws very wide; ears long and measuring from 21 to 24:
inches from tip to tip, and set low on the head, and very
heavily feathered ; size varying from 6 to 11 pounds. Coat
long, wavy, and silky; there should be no curliness or
woolliness in it. Tail about 4 inches long and heavily
feathered like a flag. The colour white, bright chestnut
red markings on ears, cheeks with a small round spot
above the eyes and on the forehead, and patches of clearly
defined colour on the body.

Ruby Spaniels ave rufus red, with a black nose. All
toy spaniels are fairly hardy and should take moderate
exercise in dry weather.

The King Charles Spaniel

This favourite little dog owes its origin to Spain, and
was first introduced into this country in the time of
Charles IL., whose attachment to these little spaniels
was intense, and by the fondness he lavished on the breed
made it the fashion with the Cavaliers and their dames.
Wherever the King went he was accompanied by his pets,
and Jesse in his book on dogs speaks of a petition which
the King received from a widow, who begged for a pension
for her son on the ground that when the King went to
Oxford her son followed, and while there was bitten by
Cupid, one of the royal spaniels—‘as your Majesty may
happily call to mind,’ says the widow.

The points of the ing Charles are: head arched, with
very prominent forehead; a dent between the eyes ; noge
short, very retroussé, and black with wide nostrils ; lower
jaw should come well round the teeth, almost meeting the
nose; roof of mouth black; ears when held out should
measure from the tip of one ear to the other 19 to 21
inches, so as to sweep the ground when walking; eyes
large, bright, round, and well set apart, dark in colour,
inclined to weep at the corners towards the nose; body
square and compact; very short legs, well feathered at
the back with bright mahogany-tan hair; colour a dense

44 DOGS

black, with mahogany-tan spots over eyes, on face, under
the chin down to the chest, the feet also being of the
same colour. Hair soft and silky, glossy black, with no
curl in it; the feather on the tail long, with a broad
square flag at the end of it, and should be five inches long
and carried high.

Prince Charlies are white with black and tan markings.
The Jatter colour should be in the ears and under the tail.

Cornwall Simeon tells an anecdote of a King Charles
who perfectly distinguished Sundays from other days. He
was in the habit of going out, either walking or driving,
with his mistress, and when she did not wish for his com-
pany he was obliged to be shut up to prevent his following
her. But on Sundays he never attempted to go; he would
get on a chair and watch his mistress drive off, looking
very resigned and unhappy, but never moved to follow,
and remained on the chair till her return.

O.8. Round writes in the ‘ Naturalist’ that a beautiful
King Charles belonged to his sister, and that it was a
common practice with the members of the family, when
they left the room where he was, to promise io return and
not go out without him. One day Mr. Round was engaged
writing in his own rvom, and the little Charlie lay
on the rug dozing. ‘Twice or thrice during the morning
he had occasion to take up his cap and go out for a few
minutes, but on each occasion promising to return Charlie
only looked up and again settled himself to sleep ; but at last
wishing to go out, but without the dog, he took up a small
stick. The circumstance was enough to make Charlie
disbelieve the promised return, and this time he followed
to the door, showing he was not to be done.

Spaniels (Field)

These are descendants of Spanish dogs and are very
beautiful; they are untiring in the field and most faithful
and affectionate companions, full of intelligence. They are

SPANIELS (FIELD) 45

divided into two groups, the springers and the cockers.
The former are again divided into six kinds—the black
spaniel, the Clumber, Norfolk, and Sussex spaniels, and
the English and Irish water spaniels.

The Black Spaniel

is a rather long dog: the head long with well-developed
skull; muzzle must not be pointed and should measure
9 inches between nose and eyes; eyes dark and full
of expression ; ears very long, hanging close, set on low,
and covered with short wavy hair; a shapely neck with
muscular and sloping shoulders; fore legs straight ; hind
legs firm, but not straight in stifle; feet round; tail well
carried on a line with the spine, and docked; the coat
glossy ebony black, in texture soft and silky, and abun-
dant; ears, tail, and feet well feathered.

The Clumber Spaniel

Daniel relates that some of this breed were given to the
Duke of Newcastle by the Duc de Noailles, and were kept
at Clumber, the Duke’s seat. They have rather foolish-
looking countenances, but yet are very faithful and intelli-
gent; they do their work in true earnest, being devoted to
the gun, are perfectly mute when at work, and can be
broken to do anything but talk.

The head should be large and long, and marked with
lemon to a line just in front of the eyes, with a blaze
up the face; muzzle heavy, square, and _liver-coloured ;
eyes full and very expressive and trustful; ears large,
hanging close, set low, and covered with short hair;
neck strong; shoulders muscular and thick; chest wide
and deep; loins muscular; back ribs very deep; backbone
straight ; fore legs straight and strong; hind legs sturdy
and clothed with muscle; the tail docked, carried low,
and feathered at the tip; feet large and strong; coat

46 DOGS

thick but not long, the texture soft, silky, and straight.
The colour must be a yue lemon and white.

The Norfolk Spaniel

This spaniel is very common, a first-rate sporting dog,
capable of being very highly trained, and a good water dog.
He is rather more leggy than the Sussex breed, but other-
wise there is not much difference; the colour is dark liver,
black, and yellow, more or less mixed with white.

The Sussex Spaniel

This species is rare now and is one of the oldest breeds.
The Sussex spaniel should be long and heavy ; eyes large
and dark hazel, with very heavy eyebrows ; muzzle square
and loose and rather pendulous lips, the under jaw
receding slightly; ears large, low-set, lobe-shaped, and
covered with silky hair; nostrils large and liver-coloured ;
neck strong and muscular; chest deep and wide; body
long and deep; shoulders well thrown back; loins very
strong and slightly arched; back ribs deep and round ;
legs muscular and short and well feathered; feet round
and large, with plenty of tan between the toes; the tail
docked and carried lower than the spine bone; the coat
wavy, abundant, but not too soft; the colour a pure
golden liver. This dog is generally very good-natured,
cheerful, brave, and gentle, and is very fast and enduring
in work.

The Cocker

This breed is much smaller than the other and most
useful, as they will work either in covert or open spaces
where the others would be of no use,

The cockers are subdivided again into Devonshire
and Welsh cockers, which differ on] y in colouring. The

THE COCKER 47

English cockers are black and tan and liver and tan, more
or less marked with white. The Welsh and Devonshire
cockers are deep liver without white.

The head of the cocker should be round and of
medium length ; muzzle wide, with well-developed nostrils ;
the forehead high; eyes full, soft, and intelligent; the
ears moderately long, soft in texture, set low, and flat to
the head; strong neck, shoulders sloping and broad, loins
strong and slightly drooping towards tail; fore legs
strong and straight ; hind strong, well bent, and very short
from hock to foot ; feet round and cat-like, well feathered
between the toes; stern thin and straight and carried
below the level of the back; the coat soft and silky and
nearly straight, with no vestige of a curl in it.

The ‘Pittsburg Chronicle’ relates that a gentleman
owned a very handsome spaniel who was devoted to
children. One day when a lady visited at his house she
noticed that the baby was laid on a pillow on the floor to
amuse itself, and that the dog went and sat close to it.
The day was hot and the flies worried the child very much,
and made her very restless. The dog observing this, either
with his nose or paw drove away every fly that alighted
on the baby’s face, and so gently that the child was not
disturbed in the least.

Water Spaniels

These are classed as English, Irish, and the Tweed-
side breed.

These dogs are most valuable to sportsmen and fowlers.
Youatt says that ‘the English breed hailed from Spain,
but that the pure breed has been lost,’ but Dalziel differs
as to the entirety of the loss. They are very affectionate
and gentle and most useful. The description, according to
Dr. G. Stables, is, ‘head long with intelligent brow and a
speaking eye; muzzle well developed and covered with
short hair, soft and close; the brow the same, with no
hanging forelock ; ears long and bulky, coat closely curled

48 DOGS

and very abundant, but not matted ; a matted coat holds
the water and shows great neglect on the part of the
owner.’

The Irish Water Spaniel

This is a most intelligent dog and a capital re-
triever either by land or water. He is most intelligent
and full of frisk and fun. The head is long and capa-
cious, muzzle square and fairly deep, high forehead; the
eye very dark, with a jocose expression; the face is
covered with short hair, with a topknot of considerable
length overhanging it, which hangs down in a peak of
ringlets, which is the peculiarity of the breed. The ears
are long and pendent, measuring from tip to tip 25
inches; chest deep and strong; neck long; loin firm ;
shoulders muscular; legs strong; feet well knuckled up
and hard to feel; the tail short, stiff, and round, without
feather, and terminates in a point.

The coat is very abundant, covered with strong crisp
curls. There should be long locks of curly hair on the
ears. The legs are all ringleted, and the feet and toes
plentifully feathered. The height is about 21 inches, the
length from muzzle to tip of tail 52 inches; colour deep
liver or mahogany.

‘A dog of this species named Rover followed the
profession of a beggar by soliciting the charity of passers-
by. It was his habit on receiving a halfpenny to proceed
to a baker's shop and purchase a biscuit; but very often
the supply of coppers would be more than adequate for his
appetite, and being a sagacious and thrifty animal he saved
them up for a rainy day. The dog one day entered the
room where he had concealed his little hoard, fivepence
halfpenny in all, and found his master’s servant eyeing
the money. Giving a loud growl, Rover dashed to the spot,
snatched up his wealth, and made straight for the baker’s
shop, placed the money on the counter, and expended it all
in biscuits. rom that moment he never saved up again,’

AIREDALE TERRIERS 49

Aberdeen Terrier

Dr. Gordon Stables describes this breed as a rough
and right breed of dogs, of true Scotch type, common in
the northern counties of Scotland; but the points and
properties of this type of terrier are not yet decided.

Airedale Terriers

These terriers are also called ‘Waterside.’ The ‘ Live
Stock Journal Almanac’ describes them thus: ‘ Head
broad and flat, ears fine, a longish head with much
muscularity of jaw; nose black; eyes a light hazel;
intelligent and good-tempered ; very ‘ varmint,’ but most
loving and affectionate to his friends, and especially gentle
with children. They are very game and work well. The
chest is deep and wide, back straight, loin muscular; fore
legs like darts. The tail should be docked to about nine
or ten inches, carried level with the back. Colour light
orange, the upper portion of the body dark or bluish-grey.
The coat should be thick and hard as needles.’

The Bedlington Terrier

These terriers are rather fancied just now; they are
something similar to the Dandie Dinmont, and are famous
for their indomitable pluck. They should be compact in
body and somewhat long, slender, and deep-chested, and the
ribs rather flat, and back short, the hind quarters higher
than the fore. Legs straight and rather long in pro-
portion to their height; the head high and narrow ; jaws
long and lean, with large strong teeth; the neck long,
slender, and muscular. The eyes are small, round, and
rather sunk, very bright and piercing when excited. The
ears are set on low and lie nicely to the cheek, and are
filbert-shaped, free of long hair, but slightly feathered at
the tips ; toes well arched. The colours are liver or sandy,

E

50 DOGS

blue and tan, and red. The tan isa light tan and the
blue decided. Nose of liver-, sand-, or red-coloured dog
must be dark brown flesh colour, or if blue and tan the
nose should be black. The weight from 18 to 25 pounds.
The hair longish except on the head, which should be
crowned with a tuft of silky hair of lighter colour than
the body.

Their attributes are fastness, and whether on land or
water are equally at home. Their courage is wonderful,
and they will attack almost anything—foxes, badgers, and
otters—and are very intelligent. ‘They are dainty feeders.

Black and Tan or Manchester Terrier

There are two sizes of these terriers—the large black and
tan and the toy. The former are beautifully-shaped dogs,
standing firm and erect on rather long legs.

The head is long and narrow from back to front, with a
long fine muzzle; the upper jaw may project a little over
the lower. yes small, sparkling, and black; the nose
black ; the ears well cropped, erect, and long, and taper well
and stand up like darts—if left uncropped they would be
tulip-shaped—and free from tan behind; the graceful,
muscular, and well-shaped ; the shoulders deep and sloping,
and the body well knit and racing-looking; strong loins
and deep chest ; legs straight; feet round and small, and
toes well arched; the tail long and carried straight. ‘The
colour is the principal point, and should be a deep raven
black with rich red tan and clear from any mixture of
black ; above the eyes there should be a spot of tan, and
one on each cheek; the muzzle should be tanned, with the
exception of the nasal bones ; the jaw should be completely
tanned and the hair inside the ears; the fore legs should
be well tanned up with pencillings of black on each toe
and a little thumb-mark of black just above the foot ; the
hind legs should be quite free from tan on the outside, but
there should be some on the inside. The neck, chest, and

BLACK AND TAN OR MANCHESTER TERRIER 51

throat, the inside of the thighs, and lower part of tail
should be tanned, and the vent should have a small tan
spot. The coat should be thick and very glossy. The
weight from 10 to 25 pounds. These dogs are very
clever and seem to reason, for there is a story of an
English terrier who had been taught to ring the bell for
the servant, and to test if the dog knew why he rang
he was told to do so when the servant was in the
room. The little fellow looked up in the most intelligent
manner at his master, then at the servant, and refused to
obey, although the order was repeated more than once.
The servant left the room and a few minutes, and the dog
then, when told to ring the bell, rang it immediately.

The Bull Terrier

This is a peculiarly English breed of dog, is most
courageous and full of pluck, and is not only an enemy to
badgers and other vermin, but is a faithful guard to per-
sons and property. They are generally of a loving and
gentle temperament if well trained, and excellent as a
companion, and are very sensitive to either kindness or
cruelty. Formerly these terriers were a cross between
the bulldog and the English white terrier, and they were
called into existence for fighting purposes, the combina-
tion being designed to secure the bulldog’s courage and
the terrier’s activity. It is said that the large bull terrier
of the present date owes much of his fine shape and ap-
pearance to a cross with the greyhound, this cross
lessening, if not removing the fighting qualities of the bull-
dog and yet leaving him sufficient courage for what is
required of him. A writer says: ‘ A very silly prejudice
exists against the bull terrier, on account of his alleged
ferocity and inclination to fight with all other dogs that
come within his reach; but this is grossly exaggerated.
There is no breed of dog, if properly brought up and kindly
treated, more susceptible of affection towards his owner,

E2

52 DOGS

Docility and intelligence are highly developed in a bull
terrier.’

Chest wide. Pure white is the favourite colour. There
are many very good dogs, called patch dogs, but they
are not liked, and in any case the colour should be whole,
according to most judges, and unmixed; if not white they
should be either red, red smut, fawn or fawn smut, fallow
or fallow smut, brindled, blue fawn, or pied with any of
those colours. The weight is from 12 to 40 pounds.
The coat short and close, hardish in texture, but softish
to the touch. They are generally of a loving and gentle
temperament.

His appearance is very handsome, with his smooth
coat, white hair, sharp head, vivacious eyes, and an alert
expression which make him a most attractive dog, the
effect being enhanced by his small size; he is most affec-
tionate, clean in house, and an excellent water dog.

The head should be long and muzzle sharp, the jaw
level and powerful ; an underhung jaw has too much of the
bull in it, but it should display great power. The neck
should be long and clean-cut; the nose black ; eyes very
black, small, keen, and sparkling ; the lips tight ; the ears
cropped and the hair inside carefully trimmed, and should
stand up very upright ; the shoulders sloping and powerful ;
loin and back strong; hind quarters strong and muscalar ;
the hind legs strong and with a well-let-down hock; the
tail fine, taper, string-like, but not bare, and carried gaily.

The Dandie Dinmont

This terrier resembles the Skye in many ways, though
there are several points of difference. The Dandie Din-
mont Club describes this breed as follows :—Head large and
heavy-looking, long from back to front; high forehead
and conical, well-domed skull, with strong jaws and teeth ;
nose short like a pointer’s ; cheeks broad, tapering very
gently towards the muzzle, which is ‘long, deep, and very
powerful, and thinly clad in harder hair; ears large and

THE DANDIE DINMONT 538

pendent and hanging close to the cheek; eyes full, bright,
wide apart, hazel in colour, and very intelligent ; neck well
developed and rather short ; body long, but not so long as
that of a Skye, being about two and a half times the height,
with low shoulders, the back slightly curved down behind
them; legs short, especially in front, with immense bcne
and muscle for their size. Tail slightly curved and carried
over the back, with hardly any or no feather on it; height
from 10 to 12 inches to top of shoulder.

The coat is the chief point. ‘It is a mixture of hardish
hair and soft hair, but not silky; the head has -a little
silky hair on it; the legs and feet are lighter in colour, and
the hair is soft as that on the head. Colour, mustard or
pepper, or a combination of both. The weight from 13 to
18 pounds.

The Dandie is a most pugnacious breed, and it was of
a Dandie that the Highland keeper, when asked why the
dog looked so solemn, replied that life was ‘ full of sarious-
ness to him; he just never can get eneuch o’ fechtin’.’
They are very affectionate and faithful. A Dandie
Dinmont after the death of his mistress was playing with
some children in a room into which was brought a
large photograph of his late mistress. It was placed
upon the floor, leaning against the wall. The dog
suddenly caught sight of it, crouched and trembled, all his
body quivering; then he crept along the floor till he
reached it, and seating himself before it began to whine
and bark loudly, and wherever the picture was moved he
seated himself before it and kept barking.

The Fox Terrier

Fox terriers are universally popular. The standard of
points given by the Fox Terrier Club is as follows :—

Head: skull flat and moderately narrow, broader be-
tween the ears and gradually decreasing in width to the
eyes. Very little stop should be apparent ; there should be

54 DOGS

more dip in the profile between the forehead and top jaw,
than is seen in the greyhound. The ears should be
V-shaped, rather small, and of moderate thickness, and
dropping close to the cheek, not hanging by the side of
the head; the jaw strong and muscular, but not too full in
the cheek, and of fair punishing length, but not so in any
way to resemble the greyhound. There should be not much
falling off beneath the eyes; this part of the head should
be moderately chiselled out, so as not to go down in a
straight slope; the nose towards the muzzle should taper
slightly and be black ; the eyes dark-rimmed, small, deep-
set, and full of life and fire; teeth level and strong; the
neck clean and muscular, fair length, and gradually
widening towards the shoulder; the shoulders fine at the:
points, long and sloping; chest deep, but not broad; the
back short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of
slackness behind the shoulders ; loins broad, powerful, and
slightly arched, and well ribbed up with deep back ribs and
not flat-sided ; hind quarters strong and muscular; thighs
long and powerfal ; hocks near the ground without much
bend in the stifles;' the stern set on rather high and
carried gaily, but not over the back or curled; the legs
straight, large in bone; both fore and hind legs carried
straight forward in travelling, the stifles not turning out-
wards ; feet round, compact, and not too large; the toes
turned neither out nor in; there should be no dew claws be-
hind; the coat smooth, short, hard, and dense. The colour:
white should predominate ; brindle, red, or liver markings
are objectionable; black and tan markings are great
favourites. In their puppyhood these dogs are apt to be
very thin, and they should be well fed with bread, gravy,
meat, and vegetables, and should be fed at midday, and in
the evening plain sweet biscuits should be given them.
Their beds should he soft, and whilst puppies should be
encouraged to sleep a great deal. When rery thin they
should have tonic pills given them, made of 18 gers, of

) The joint next the buttock,

THE FOX TERRIER 55

quinine and 20 grs. of extract of gentian mixed and made
into 24 pills, and covered with tasteless varnish, in a tea-
spoonful of castor sugar, followed by a dessert-spoonful of
water, given before their dinner. Vegetables should be
given twice a week; never give milk.

Fox terriers are not long-lived; they seldom live over
13 years, and when old they often suffer from indigestion,
and then they should be fed on a mixture of bread, meat,
and a little vegetable, with plenty of good gravy and
soup, and a sprinkling of Brage’s charcoal powder added
to the food occasionally. The best medicine for fox
terriers is, where an aperient is required, to give one of
Kirby’s pearl-coated pills early in the morning; when
these dogs are getting old their teeth should be looked to,
and if loose extracted ; and when old should have a couple
of biscuits given to them at night before going to bed.

Fox terriers are very understanding dogs, and can be
taught a great many tricks, such as to walk on their hind
legs, retrieve, fetch gloves, slippers, and newspapers, feign
death, sneeze, jump through hoops and tambourines, and
shut doors.

The Irish Terrier

The Irish terrier is difficult to beat as an ordinary
sportsman’s dog; he is very game, and is larger than
the rough Scotch terrier, longer on the legs and shorter in
the body than the Skye. The points are: head long and
narrow ; strong jaws ; white, even teeth ; small ears set on
rather low; eyes small, dark, and keen; chest deep and
narrow ; legs straight; feet strong and round, with thick
soles; body cobby; back straight and strong; the tail set
on high; muscular loins, and a ridge of muscle along both
sides of the spine. They should be ‘ whole-coloured,’ bright
red being preferred, then yellow, wheaten, or grey. White a
great blemish; dark brownish red on ears (when uncropped).
Hair on head very short; the rest of the body longer, and
wire-haired. Weight from 16 to 28 pounds; height from

56 DOGS

12 to 17 inches. The dog should have a gay, lively, and
active appearance, with plenty of substance, as speed and
endurance are essential points, and very ‘varmint-looking.’

These dogs are very plucky and hard-working, and
capable of great endurance and great affection to their
master; they are capital water dogs, and very clever in
the pursuit of rabbits and rats. They are rather given to
fighting when they consider themselves insulted, or when
they find trespassers on their premises, and frightfully
keen after the feline race.

Scotch Terrier

The Scotch broken-haired dog should have a long skull
covered with short hard hair, with a drop between the
eyes ; the muzzle should be powerful, tapering towards its
nose; the jaws perfectly level, teeth square, nose black
and of a good size; the eyes small, piercing, bright, rather
sunken, and set wide apart; ears small and half-prick,
sharp-pointed; hair not long but velvety and free from
any fringe at the top; the neck short, thick, and muscular
and set on sloping shoulders ; chest deep and broad ; body
of moderate length and well ribbed up, and very strong in
hind quarters ; fore and hind legs short, the former straight
and well set under the body; hocks bent, and thighs
muscular; feet small and strong, and thickly covered with
short hair, the fore feet being larger than the hind ones;
tail about 7 inches long and not cut, and carried gaily but
with a slight bend ; the coat very wiry and very thick, and
about two inches in length; the colour steel or iron grey,
brindle, black, sandy, and wheaten; there should be no
white markings. Weight from 14 to 18 pounds for the male
and 18 to 17 for the female. A Scotch terrier cannot be
too powerfully put together, and should be from 9 to 12
inches in height, and should appear higher on the hind
legs than on the fore.

THE SKYE TERRIER 57

The Skye Terrier

The Skye is, except the turnspit, the longest of all
dogs in proportion to his height. There are two kinds of
the Skye, the prick-eared and the droop-eared, and
puppies of each sort may be found in the same litter,
according to Dr. Gordon Stables, and in breeding from
them care should be taken that the father and mother
have both either one or the other; otherwise the progeny
might probably carry one up and one down.

From the nose to the tip of his tail, when extended,
this terrier should measure at least three times its height,
and sometimes it is met with three and a half times as
long. The head of the Skye should be wide, the muzzle
very strong and powerful, teeth strong and level; the eyes
keen, expressive, and of a dark hazel colour; the nose and
palate black; the ears of good size, about, if drooping,
three inches long, and clothed thickly with hair, and
should hang nicely to the head; if jvich-ears, they should
stand up well; the mouth level; the neck muscular and
moderately long; the tail short and carried straight; the
fore legs more or less bandy, but short and strong; the feet
rather large, with strong nails and a flat, thin sole; the
coat hard, wiry, long, and very thick all over the body ;
tail, and legs, and the feet well feathered.

The most fancied colours are grey with black tips, the
next fawn with dark brown tips to the ears and tail, dark
slaty blue, also yellow white colour. There should be no
appearance of silkiness in the coat, though it should be
shining.” The weight from 10 to 18 pounds, the females
being nearly as heavy as the males.

These dogs should be brushed with one of Evenson’s
(of Bournemouth) brushes; he sells an especial sort for these
dogs. In washing these dogs care must be taken to wash
them with warm water, with either sulpholine or sunlight
soap; they should be well lathered and the hair rubbed
down all one way, and after well rinsed, and finally a canful

58 DOGS

of water poured over several times till the soap is entirely
washed out. The dog should then be dried with a large
bath towel, and whilst damp comb the hair straight down
till quite smooth, and separate any matted hair with a
pair of scissors, and then brush it. These dogs require
brushing morning and evening to keep their coat in good
condition.

According to Thomson Gray, the writer on the ‘ Dogs
of Scotland,’ Skyes are subdivided into two varieties, the
rough-coated and the silky-coated, sometimes known as
the Paisley or Clydesdale terrier. The first is very
courageous, useful, and hardy, and good for all kinds of
vermin, from a fox to a rat.

Romanes relates that a Skye terrier had a strong
aversion to being washed, and was very ferocious when it
was attempted, so that the servants refused to wash it.
Threats and beatings were of no avail. His mistress at
last hit upon the plan of taking no notice of him, and
refused to let him accompany her out walking, and when
she returned home took no notice of his demonstrative
welcome, and when he approached for caresses turned her
head aside and took no notice of him. This went on
about ten days, and the poor animal became very
wretched, till one morning he crept quietly up to her with
a look that said as plainly as possible, ‘I submit,’ which
he did quite quietly, and after the washing was over
barked joyously and wagged his tail vehemently. There
is an anecdote of a conscientious Skye whose master
had a dish of cutlets for his lunch and had left one
cutlet. on the dish. The master was reading, and ap-
parently taking no notice. The dog eyed the cutlet,
then he smelt it, and at last he seized the cutlet and bolted
under the table. Still his master took no notice. The
doggie paused, expecting to be run in and receive either a
kick or ascolding, but still no notice was taken. The terrier
became conscience-struck, and looked pitifally round, and at
last he picked up the cutlet, laid it at his master’s feet, hung
his head in shame, and slunk away, expressing penitence

THE SKYE TERRIER 59

and shame. The master did not beat him, but gave him
the cutlet.

Toy Black and Tan Terriers and Toy
Blue Terriers

These are essentially pet dogs, and are miniatures of the
Manchester terrier. Their eyes, which are more prominent
than those of the true black and tan, are most generally
found to weep. ‘The smaller and lighter they are in
weight, the more valuable they are; about three and a
half pounds is a good weight for them; at all events, they
should not weigh over five pounds.

They are generally very denuded of hair, which is said
to be a proof of high breeding, and they are extremely liable
to baldness. The blue or slate-coloured are often entirely
destitute of hair. If very small, no attempt at breeding from
them should be attempted. They are very affectionate and
game, and good ratters. They suffer fearfully from the cold,
and in the cold weather are in a perpetual state of shiver.

Toy terriers should be full grown from ten to eleven
months old. They are very amenable to teaching and can
be taught many tricks. They should never have bones
given to them, nor milk, nor sweet things; a little tea is
not only good for them, but they are very fond of it.

Welsh Terrier

Points: the head flat and broader than a fox teriier’s ;
teeth white and strong; jaws powerful and of medium
length, not much ‘stop;’ the ears small and thin and V-
shaped, set on high and fall closely to the face; the nose
black ; the eyes small, sparkling, and full of fire and
gameness, having much intelligence in their expression ;
neck moderately long and thick, without clumsiness,
sloping elegantly to the shoulders; loins strong, chest
narrow ; legs well-placed and perfectly straight ; tail set

60 DOGS

‘on rather high, well carried, but not too gaily ; coat very
abundant, hard, dense, and wiry ; colour black and tan or
black-grizzle tan, free from white, also from black pen-
cilling on toes. Dogs should be 15 inches at the shoulders,
14 for females; weight from 16 to 20 pounds.

Yorkshire Terriers

These beautiful little dogs were formerly called Scotch
terriers; but, as Dr. Gordon Stables says, ‘ Scotland would
have none of him, as he is not hardy enough to stand the
climate, except kept as a little carpet knight; so York-
shire has given him a home and habitation.’ There are
two weights for these dogs, the toy size and the rather
largish kind.

The chief points of pure-bred Yorkshire terriers are:
length and beauty of coat, and smallness of size; the
colour silver blue on the upper parts of the body and a
golden tan on the head, face, ears, and legs. The coat
should be long, silky, and shiny, and nearly touching the
ground on each side, and parted in the centre; the hair
should almost hide the face and should hang long on the
nose. Their weight from 3 to 10 pounds; the head very
shapely, tapering towards the nose, which should be jet
black ; the muzzle rather long ; the eyes large, soft, bright,
and dark hazel colour. The ears are generally cropped,
and should stand up very upright; if they are not cropped
they should droop close to the head; the teeth white and
level, fitting each other exactly ; the tail should be docked
at a very early age, and should have a good flag at the end,
and carried very straight. The height at shoulder of a
female weighing 4 or 5 pounds should not exceed 9 inches,
the length of body from tip of nose to the setting on of
the tail from 18 to 20 inches; the males are larger in
weight, and should be one inch higher and tyo inches
longer than the females.

Yorkies are born black and tan, and change their

YORKSHIRE TERRIERS 61

colour when from six months to a year old. These dogs
should only be washed when necessary, and then sulpholine
soap used; when they are required for exhibition it is
necessary to cultivate their coat with a little special
dressing lotion. Their colour becomes lighter with age, and
the hair continues to grow till they are eighteen months; I
have had them when the hair has grown till they have been
three years old. The following is a dressing which some
people dress them with once a week, but I bave never tried
it : Equal parts kerosene, cocoanut, and olive oils; but care
must be taken that they should not catch cold, for oily
mixtures are apt to make dogs chilly.

The Truffle Dog

is a small species of poodle, and in colour white, or black
and white, or black. He is very intelligent, possesses a
keen sense of scent, and is mute in his work. A truffle
dog must be broken from all game; he digs like a terrier
at a rat’s hole for truffles.

The Whippet

According to Dr. G. Stables this breed ‘is a kind of
small greyhound with a little terrier blood in him, and is
used for running races.’

Wolfhound (Irish)

This dog is in appearance something approaching the
Scotch deerhound, only much larger, and, according to
Captain Graham’s description to Dr. Gordon Stables, he
should be more massive and majestic-looking than a Scotch
deerhound, with hard, long, and shaggy coat, though softer
and longer on the head ; the ears small in proportion to the
size of the head, and half erect; the colour black, grey,
red, brindle, and fawn. Their character, ‘ trusty, true, and
brave.’

62 pDoGs

Foreign Dogs

There are a great many foreign dogs now imported to
England, which have become to a certain degree fashionable,
such as the Oriental Dog, Spanish Bulldog, Thibet Dog,
Kangaroo Hound, the Australian Dingo, Grecian Grey-
hound, Chesapeake Bay Dog, Leonberg, American Indian,
and the Esquimaux Dog. This last is the only one of which
I shall vive an account, as I really know nothing of the
other breeds, and there are no doubt many canine writers
who have made these dogs a study.

The Esquimaux or Arctic Dogs are found in Greenland
and wherever cold predominates, and are used as beasts of
burden, and they get through an immense amount of
travelling and through immense tracts of ice and snow.
They are of the collie order, but the muzzle is much less
pointed ; the ears are prick; they are plentifully coated ;
their hair from three to four inches long, and under this
hair is a coating of fine, close, soft wool, which grows in
the winter and falls off in the spring.

The hair is excessively thick like a brush, but the
feather is not especially long ; their colour is of a greyish
brindle. These dogs ave very docile and patient, also very
affectionate.

Morris relates that a Frenchman named Chabert, who
was called Fire King, from his wonderful performances
with fire, was the owner of one of these dogs, whom he
used to yoke to a light carriage and who drew his master
twenty miles a day. Chabert sold him for 2001, but
between the sale and delivery the dog broke his leg.
Chabert was in a great state of mind, fearing to lose the
money; so he took the dog by night to a veterinary surgeon,
where he formally introduced them. ‘ Doctor, my dog; my
dog, your doctor. He talked to the dog, pointed to his
leg, limped round the room, then requested the surgeon
to apply bandages to his leg, which being done he
seemed to walk sound and well. He then patted the dog,

FOREIGN DOGS 63

who was looking alternately at him and the surgeon, desired
the surgeon to pat him and to offer him his hand to lick, and
then holding up his finger to the dog, and gently shaking his
head, quitted the room and the house. The dog immediately
let himself down, and submitted to a restriction of the
fracture and the bandaging of the limb without motion,
except once or twice licking the hand of the operator. He
was quite submissive, and in a manner motionless, day
after day, until at the expiration of a month the limb was
sound and whole.

Various Anecdotes of Dogs

E. L. Blanchard tells the following dog story :—‘ He
was a mongrel terrier of disreputable appearance, but of
very knowing air. This canine critic he invariably
noticed scanning the bill of Sadler’s Wells (it was during
Phelps’s régime), and noting what was set down for the
next night’s performance. If it were satisfactory the dog
used to wag his very long tail; if he disapproved he
turned away, expressing his contempt. On the Saturday
evening, when so minded, the dog used to contrive to slip
by the money and check takers and secure a position near
the front row of the pit. As the play went on, if Toby
were satisfied, the tapping of his caudal appendage on the
floor could be distinctly heard; a very finely-delivered
passage would elicit a low whine of pleasure; at the
sallies of a Shakespearean clown he would grin; but should
an actor tear his passion to tatters Toby’s resentment and
anger would be expressed by a deep and savage growl.’

Guy’s Hospital has now a dog of its own. Some time
ago it was seen to enter the hospital ground, hopping on
three legs at the patients’ entrance. Some children drew
the attention of a student to it, and he took it into the
surgery, when he found it was suffering from a broken leg.
He set it, and the leg soon regained its strength. The
splints were removed, and the dog was shown to the
doorway ; but the animal refused to be discharged from the

64 DOGS

surgery, where he had been very kindly treated. The dog
is a black and white mongrel, and has been named ‘ Jack,’
and he stays at home and minds his business.

A rough-haired terrier named Sting had a horror of
steam trams, but the first time he was muzzled he was so
disgusted with life under such conditions that he ran off
and laid himself in front of an approaching steam tram,
evidently for the purpose of committing suicide; but his
life was saved by a lady, at the risk of her own, stepping
over the rails and picking him up. The same terrier was
taken in a cab by his master, and the traffic seemed to
interest him very much; but, being a cold day, the cab
windows were drawn up, and the moisture condensed so
thickly on the glass that the dog was unable to see what
was passing in the street. Without one word being said
to him he set to work to clear away the moisture with his
tongue, and then looked through the space. Hearing a
noise on the other side of the street, he crossed the cab
and repeated the operation by licking the moisture from
the opposite pane of glass, in order to ascertain the cause
of the naise.

In 1854 a poor man was buried in the old cemetery of
Greyfriars, in Edinburgh. Amongst the numerous friends
who followed the funeral was the dead man’s dog, whose
attitude indicated his deep grief. On the following day
the cemetery gardener found the dog asleep on his master’s
grave, and drove him away; but every morning he found
him in the same place. At length the gardener took pity
on him and gave him food, and Bob (which was his name)
having won such a friend, never left his post again. A
sergeant of Engineers provided his food, and at twelve
o'clock, when the citadel cannon was fired, Bob used to
rush off to his dinner, This lasted ten years. When a tax
was put on dogs, twenty people who had witnessed his
devoted conduct, proposed joining together to pay the
money ; but the Lord Provost, hearing of the fact, exempted
the dog from taxation, and made him a present of a splendid
collar, on which was written an explanatory inscription.

VARIOUS ANECDOTES 65

During fourteen years the dog remained at the tomb. He
then died. A monument has been erected to his memory
by the desire of the Baroness Burdett Coutts. It is a
fountain placed in the most unfrequented part of Edinburgh,
is seven feet high, and is surmounted by the statue of
Bobby in bronze.

Musical Terriers

I have read of musical dogs, and which generally be-
long to the terrier breed. JI have never come across one
myself, so will only repeat an anecdote of one which hails
from that land of wonder—America. A young lady of New
York had a Scotch terrier which was able to discriminate
notes, and was a good critic. When he was a pup of three
months old, hearing a barrel-organ play the ‘ Boulanger
March,’ he began to caper in a pleased manner, and keep
time with playful yelps. When the tune changed to ‘The
Heart Bowed Down,’ the dog fell to the floor and moaned
asifin pain. When the Swan Song from ‘ Lohengrin’ was
struck up, it had the effect of making him walk slowly
round, barking plaintively all the time. When lively music
was played, the dog ran in a frolicsome way, emitting
short barks. ‘Yankee Doodle’ set him into prolonged
barks, and the ‘ Marseillaise’ drove him into a corner howling
with fear. As the dog grew up he always insisted sitting
beside his mistress as she played.

At Boston there lived a Dr. Gross, who possessed a
black and tan terrier who was able to accompany her master
in a duet, ‘The Last Rose of Summer’ being her favourite.
At a signal, the dog would get on the music stool, and
with erect head, survey the auditors. ‘As the doctor gave
a prelude on his violin she opened her mouth and started
with a sort of whine. As the doctor proceeded with ‘‘ The
Last Rose,” the songstress showed by increasing pathos the
effect of the musical afflatus and of the sentiment. She
refuses to Perform if any one laughs.’

Anotherterrier I have read of rises on his feet the

F

66 DOGS

moment his master whistles a valse. He keeps perfect
time, and does not stop till the music ceases.

Another canine musician is said to sing, and to succeed
in a good imitation of the do, re, mi, his voice rising and
falling with the notes.

I read once of a dog who used to run on the legs of
one side. The animal would start in the usual way, and
when he had acquired a sufficient momentum, tuck up the
legs of one side, and scamper along on two legs till tired.
He would then acquire fresh impetus and give the other
legs a turn.

A well-known M.P., about thirty years ago, was with
his wife at Bath, and they had with them their only child, a
baby boy just a little over a year old. The M.P. and his
wife were one night at the Bath Assembly Rooms, having
left their little dog asleep in a bedroom, the servants being
in the kitchen. While at the Assembly Rooms, the at-
tention of the M.P. was suddenly attracted by the little
dog which he had left at his house rushing up to him and
whining furiously, as if in a state of frenzy. His master,
following the movements of the dog, went to the door and
then home, the dog leading the way, jumping and barking
as they went along. It was found that a candle had been
left burning beside the bed in which the baby lay, and that
a curtain had taken fire. The dog had first alarmed the
servants, who were at their supper, and then went off to
his master, knowing where to hunt for him from having
been at the Bath Assembly Rooms before. The M.P., to
make the occurrence more eccentric, wrapped the child up,
and carried it to the Assembly Rooms and placed it in his
wife’s lap.

Sir Walter Scott was a great lover of dogs, and always
had fine ones round him. One day, in conversation with
a friend, he said: ‘ Those dogs,’ pointing to two fine hounds
lying on the hearth, * understand every word I say.’ The
friend expressing doubts on the subject, Sir Walter, to
prove it, took up a book and began to read aloud: ‘I have
two lazy good-for-nothing dogs who lie by the fire and

VARIOUS ANECDOTES 67

sleep and let the cattle ruin my garden.’ Both dogs in-
stantly sprang up and ran out of the room, and, finding
no cattle in the garden, returned and lay down by the fire.
Sir Walter again read the story from the book, and again
the dogs ran out and came back disappointed, and lay down.
The third time their master told the story the dogs came
up to him and looked in his face, whined, and wagged their
tails, as if to say: ‘ You have made game of us twice; you
cannot do it for the third time.’

American Anecdote

An American living in a Northern Cathedral town had
a Romanist priest and an Evangelical cricketer parson as
near neighbours. The Romanist owned a mongrel fox-
terrier called Troy, and the Kvangelical parson a large:
black tom cat, and the pair were strangely enough great
chums, and both often came over the wall into the
American’s garden. Nothing would induce the dog to eat
a bone on a Vriday, unless it was a fish-bone; if he was
given the knuckle end of a ley of mutton on that day he
would look at it sadly, and then go out and bury it, or else
give it to the Evangelical cat.

One Friday he was given a big hunk of beef; the dog
took it out into the garden where the cat was waiting for
him, and they had a bark and mew confab, but the former
did not, according to custom, part with his prize ; he stuck
to it and puss went over the wall into his master’s garden.
Presently he returned with an open tin of sardines in his
mouth, which he offered in exchange for the meat. ‘Troy,
having satisfied himself that the box was half-full, agreed
to the exchange, and both canine and feline partners
thereupon lunched and prospered.

The Dog’s Sunday

On November 3 in the churches of France, it was once
permitted that the people, and even in certain places ex-
FQ

68 DOGS

pected, that they should bring their dogs to church with
them. ven now on that day, though the people do not
go to church accompanied by their canine friends, they talk
as if they were going to do so, and pleasantly ask one
another in the afternoon: ‘Did you take your dog to mass
this morning ?’

November 3 is St. Hubert’s Day, who is the patron
saint of dogs. He is, first of all, the patron saint of
hunters, but he is held to have special authority over dogs,
and to him are addressed prayers for cure or protection
from hydrophobia. Hubert was in the early days of
Christianity a prince of Liége, and was so passionately
fond of hunting that he neglected his duties as a chieftain
and as a man, and, accompanied by his beloved dogs, con-
tinually engaged in the chase. Mven on holy days the
sound of his horns and the barking of his pack clashed dis-
cordantly with the ringing of the church bells. But on
one of these holy days (Good Friday), Hubert whilst
hunting was confronted, it is said, with a vision of a stag
bearing a bright cross between its antlers. This so deeply
impressed St. Hubert that he gave up his boisterous life,
undertook a pilgrimage, and became a bishop of holy life
and beneficent influence. But even in his saint-hood it
was said that he never lost his wonderful influence over
dogs and other animals.

AILMENTS

Abscesses

Bring to a head by poulticing, and when brought to a
head, an incision should be made with the lancet and the
matter squeezed out, the wound being afterwards well and
thoroughly cleansed with’ warm water. Then dress with
the following: 1 oz. ceratum calamineze, 2 drs. each pre-
cipitated chalk, glycerine, and carbolie acid mixed.

Asthma (Chronic)

This disease is curable, and all that can be done is to
render the poor doggie’s life bearable. The best thing is
to give an inhalation of the following: mix together 4
oz. each of stramonium and nitrate of potash, 2 dr.
of powdered camphor, and 4 dr. of powdered opium.
Sprinkle some of this mixture in a hot shovel and hold it
under the dog’s nose, as well as fill the room with the
fumes; give occasional aperients and tonics to improve
the tone of the system generally; exercise, regular feed-
ing, and limited vegetable diet should be attended to,
and all exposure to fog and cold should be avoided.
This malady affects mostly old dogs, where it is not
brought on prematurely by overfeeding and giving sweets
and other deleterious foods.

‘Rara Avis’ gave me a very good recipe for asthma in
pet dogs, and which I have found very eftectual. Let the
dog have fresh air, and put a square of flannel over its

70 DOGS

back at night; and a dessert-spoonful of castor oil once a
month, given early in the morning, fasting, keeps the dog
in good order for a time ; give half a podophyllin pill in a
piece of butter twice a week for a fortnight. eed on light
nourishing food, and give no bones nor dry biscuits; meat
is better for asthma than biscuit diet. Every morning
and night administer a teaspoonful of this mixture: half
an ounce of glycerine, the same of clear honey, 3 drops of
laudanum, 4 oz. of oil of terebene, and an eggspoonful
of powdered liquorice ; shake up all well together and rub
the chest yently for a few minutes every other night. If
the cough is very bad, hold the dog’s head over a jug
of boiling water for five minutes in which 3 drops of
eucalyptus has been added, and then put to bed for the
night. If the dog is very fat give a dose of Spratts’
Purging Pills every third day.

When asthma is accompanied with bronchitis, give the
following mixture, which will be found efficacious: 3 oz.
mucilage of acacia, 3 oz. oxymel of squills, 1 oz. glycerine,
8 drops of oil of terebene; shake well, and give a dose
morning and evening. Sometimes a teaspoonful of cod-
liver oil given daily, half an hour after the dog’s dinner, is
a great relief.

Asthma is sometimes caused by chronic disorder of the
liver, and then the following pills relieve the sufferer : 4 dr.
Barbadoes tar, 1 dr. powdered squills, 1 dr. bicarbonate
of soda, 1 scruple of extract of belladonna, and sufficient
powdered liquorice to make 26 pills, coated over with
tasteless varnish and made up small.

Asthma generally attacks fat, overfed dogs, though it
often proceeds from a common cough which has been
neglected. The symptoms are a wheezy cough and difficult
breathing, which grow worse as the weather gets colder,
and a quantity of phlegm collects in the throat.

Bowels, Inflammation of. See Enteritis

Boils. See Abscesses

BRONCHITIS 71

Bronchitis

For symptoms, see Inflammation of the Lungs. Give as
much nourishing food as possible ; keep a bronchitis kettle
full of boiling water, to which add 6 drops of oil of euca-
lyptus, and place the dog’s basket as near it as possible. Rub
the chest with camphorated oil, and give every four hours
a teaspoonful of the following drops: 2 oz. glycerine, 2 oz.
oxymel of squills, 1 oz. balsam of aniseed, 1 oz. run honey,
8 drops of oil of terebene.

Bronchitis (small dogs)
(‘Rara Avis’)

Keep the dog warm and rub the throat and chest
every night with this liniment: 4 oz. of gin, 1 tea-
spoonful of spirit of camphor, 1 teaspoonful of spirit of
hartshorn, and 1 teaspoonful of cayenne pepper. Shake
the bottle before using, and sprinkle a few drops on a piece
of flannel and rub the throat and chest gently, and hold
the flannel to the parts for a few minutes, and give it the
following cough mixture: 2 oz. of glycerine, 1 table-
spoonful of oxymel of squills, 1 tablespoonful of melted
gum arabic, 1 tablespoonful of honey, and 3. terebene
lozenges pounded to a fine powder ; give a small teaspoonful
of this twice a day, and 1 teaspoonful of cod-liver oil once
a day.

Canker

Canker of the ear is a very common disease both ex-
ternally and internally, and is best described by calling it
an eruption, which first shows itself in the interior and
then in the outer ear, caused principally by the irritation
of the discharge, or by the constant shaking of the head
from the itching produced by the eruption. The first
symptom is generally that the dog claws at his ear and
shakes his head, and, should the ear be examined, it is

72 ; DOGS
probable that there will be found a dark granular substance,
which is dried blood, or perhaps a discharge of thin liquid,
or, if in an advanced stage, a thick dark liquid smelling
offensively ; or if it be external canker, the lowest part of
the flap of the ear will be cracked and discharging matter.
This disease is caused by high feeding and confinement,
and dogs are rendered half mad by the perpetual irritation
caused by the constant itching.

Pointers and setters are most liable to this disease,
because they are so much confined to their kennels during
a greater part of the year. Canker is infectious, and a
dog suffering from it should be isolated: from other dogs.
A very good remedy is to apply morning and evening an
ointment made with 2 oz. of glycerine, 2 drs. of tincture
of Hydrastes Canadensis, 4 dr. of carbolic acid, well mixed.
It should be applied with a camel’s-hair pencil.

Also a good formula for a large dog is to give two of
Kirby’s pearl-coated rhubarb pills in the morning in a
lump of meat once a week for a fortnight, and a dessert-
spoonful of Parrish’s Chemical Food in a pint of boiled
milk daily for three weeks, and apply the following lini-
ment morning and evening with a camel’s-hair pencil into
the interior of the ears: 3 oz. olive oil, 4 oz. glycerine,
3 oz. extract of lead, and 6 drops of laundanum.

Another formula here given is considered also very
efficacious. Mix } dr. of wine of opium and 6 grs. of sul-
phate of zinc in 4 oz. of distilled water. Drop 4 drops
into each ear daily, and the first day of doing this ad-
minister a dessert-spoonful of castor oil, fasting. Then
daily for five or six days a dessert-spoonful of the following
mixture: { oz. of sweet spirit of nitre, 4 dr. of powdered
nitre, } dr. of wine of antimony, ? oz. of mindererus spirit
in 24 oz. of water, the bottle to be well shaken before
using. Of course, a smaller quantity for a small dog. For
diet give a mixture of gravy, meat, and vegetables, also
oatmeal porridge, plenty of fresh air and exercise ; if there
be any waxy, hard substance in the ears, sponge gently
with warm water, but dry it most thoroughly with a fine

CANKER 73

soft rag, and drop in two drops of warmed salad oil. Damp
and cold will aggravate this disease and often bring it on.

Canker sometimes infests the mouth and gums; then
all loose teeth and stumps should be extracted; and put
in the dog’s dinner for a few days as much bicarbonate of
potash as will lie on a sixpence, and give a table-spoonful
or dessert-spoonful (according to size of dog) of castor oil,
and afterwards a course of pills made with 48 grs. of
powdered rhubarb, 14 gr. extract of gentian, 16 grs. of
carbonate of soda, and sufficient gum acacia mixed and
divided into twenty pills, coated with tasteless varnish ;
one given in the evening; half a pill if the dog is small,
and still less if the dog is very small. The food should be
plain, and plenty of exercise given.

Chorea, or St. Vitus’s Dance

This is most generally the result of bad distemper, and
is purely a nervous affection. The symptoms are quiver-
ing and twitching. The dog, if he sleeps, seems aroused
by dreams, and then goes on twitching; it differs from
palsy, inasmuch as in the latter the whole body shakes all
over. This disease emanates from the spine or in the
nervous system. Sometimes the twitchings are accom-
panied by diarrhcea or inflammation of the stomach.

Everything should be given to build up the dog’s
system, and plenty of milk given; beef-tea, mutton broth,
with oatmeal added in proportion to the looseness of the
bowels. If the bowels are constipated a Kirby’s pearl-
coated rhubarb pill should be given, or a dose of castor oil.
As the dog improves and strengthens, give it a few drops
of Fer Bravais in its drinking water and some Frame Food.
Do not let it take much exercise, but give it fresh air and
pure ventilation. This is one of the almost incurable diseases
dogs suffer from, especially collie dogs, who are very liable to
it after distemper. The enclosed prescription for pills is
most efficacious, one given morning and evening: 36 grs.
of valerianate of iron, 12 drops of oil of savin, and sufficient

74 DOGS

confection of roses ; divide into twenty pills. This quantity
is for a large dog (collie). Rub the following ointment
into the body daily: 4 dr. iodide of potassium, 1] dr. of
alcohol, and 24 oz. of lard.

Colic

Colic generally emanates from over and improper feed-
ing, which causes digestive derangement; also exposure
to cold, and to intestinal parasites; puppies are especially
liable to colic. ‘This malady comes on very suddenly, and
in a few moments a dog is prostrated with pain, and howls.
It may be distinguished from inflammation of the bowels
by the suddenness of the attack, and the nose remaining
cool and moist, and the eyes bright. ‘he bowels should
be gently rubbed, and hot flannels applied to the stomach ;
or even administer a warm bath. Give a little water gruel,
and about half an hour after a dose of castor oil, according to
sizeof dog. (Give from 10 to 30 drops of landanum with a
teaspoonful of brandy, according to size of dog, if the pains
continue very acute. or toy dogs the dose must be much
smaller in proportion. Sometimes colic is caused by worms,
when it will be necessary to treat with vermifuges (see
under Worms). I have found gentle friction, hot flannels,
and castor oil is generally sufficient.

Constipation of the Bowels

The dog is especially liable to constipation, but it often
arises from the effects of over-feeding and want of
exercise. Castor oil is a very safe thing to give after a
Kirby’s rhubarb pearl-coated pill; give boiled liver with
the food, and plenty of exercise and fresh air.

Coughs

Rub the chest with a lniment of 1 table-spoonful of
spirit of turpentine, 1 of spirit of hartshorn, 1 teaspoonful
of laudanum, and 1 of cayenne pepper in 5 table-spoonfuls
of salad oil; rub on the throat and chest with a piece of

COUGHS 75

flannel night and morning, shaking the bottle before using.
Administer the following pills, one twice daily, after
applying the liniment: 20 grs. compound squill pill, 20
grs. powdered liquorice, 20 gum ammoniacum, 4: grs.
laudanum, 4 grs. ipecacuanha, 8 ers. powdered Turkish
rhubarb, 5 grs. of oil of terebene. Make into twenty pills,
and coat with tasteless varnish.

When an attack of coughing is violent, as much
pounded terebene lozenges as will lie on a threepenny
piece, given in half a teaspoonful of pure glycerine, is a
wonderful dog remedy.

Cough Drops for Young Dogs after Distemper

Two grs. powdered opium, 6 grs. powdered ipecacuanha,
2 grs. oil of terebene, 2 grs. powdered liquorice, 6 ers.
compound squill pill, 5 grs. powdered rhubarb; coat over
with tasteless varnish. Make into two pills, and give one
morning and evening.

If the cough seems oppressive and the breathing hard
and wheezy, rub the chest with camphorated oil, and if
the symptoms do not diminish, apply on chest a hot flannel
‘soaked in a gill of gin or whisky, and add a little ginger
or pepper. Keep it on from seven to ten minutes, and
give a teaspoonful of cod-liver oil and a little of Mellin’s
Food in the middle of the day for a month, and then change
it to a teaspoonful of Squire’s Parrish’s Chemical Food put
into its last meal. The dog should be kept warm and out
of draughts.

Deafness

Often deafness is congenital, or present from birth, for
which there is no remedy. Cropping the ears is a cause
of deafness. White dogs frequently suffer from congenital
deafness.

Diarrhcea

Diarrhcea is often caused by cold, worms, or indigestion,
and often when a dog is attacked with it, blood is per-

76 DOGS

ceived in its excrements. If the attack is not very bad
regulate the diet ; but if it continues and is severe it should
be quickly checked, or else it may become chronic, and
induce liver disease. The symptoms are watery stools,
a dry nose, red condition of the eyelids, and offensive
breath. Change of diet is one of the essentials. If
the attack is severe give a dose of castor oil; also milk
with lime-water, 8 to 1 parts; also beef-tea thickened
with raw eggs, and farinaceous food, and administer
before food a teaspoonful of elixir of bark, pepsin and bis-
muth. Should the dog refuse food, it must be drenched
with some every two hours by opening the lips at the side
and pouring in the liquid, and gently nipping the dog’s
nose, which will cause the dog to swallow it at once.
Should dysentery come on, give some of Davenport’s chloro-
dyne. Worms and floating bones that have escaped diges-
tion often cause diarrhcea, but no bones should be allowed ;
give boiled rice and cold beef-tea, alternately with a little
mutton and gravy, but no biscuits till quite well. If very
bad it is best to consult a vet., who will probably strengthen
with cod-liver oil and compound syrup of phosphates.
‘Rara Avis’ gives the following prescription for diarrhcea :
Sal volatile 1 drachm, spirit of camphor 1 drachm, tinc-
ture of catechu 4 oz., tincture of rhubarb } oz., landanum
8 drops; dose, 20 drops in a dessert-spoonful of water
every five hours, which sounds as if it ought to be good ;
though I have only tried the recipes and diet before men-
tioned. And for young dogs the following :—Give first a
mild dose of castor oil, and for diet cold beef-tea thickened
with raw egg, milk with lime-water, 3 parts to 1; if it
continues, chlorodyne given in ten drops at a time every
four hours till the diarrhoea stops. A new-laid egg beaten
up with port wine or brandy, a teaspoonful given every
three hours, is good for it, and it nourishes the sufferer
as well. If the animal seems to be in pain apply hot
flannels to its stomach ; if thirsty, give a little rice water
to drink; a little arrowroot thickened with gelatine may

DIARRH@A 17

also be given; elixir of bark, pepsin and bismuth should
be given in teaspoonful doses before food is taken, and
less quantities for small dogs.

Distemper

It is not at all necessary that dogs should have dis-
temper; good food, warm and comfortable housing, and
cleanliness are the great preventives. It is a difficult
disease to cure when it attacks a dog, as no other disease
prostrates the system so rapidly. In this disease all the
secretions are vitiated and diminished in quantity and
quality, all arising from the action of poison in the blood.
The symptoms are general debility, want of appetite,
feverishness, and a running at the nose and eyes, offensive
breath, and eruptive spots on the lower part of the body,
alternate fits of heat and shivering, a short husky cough,
and sneezing, especially when out of doors, the bowels
relaxed and sometimes constipated, the eyes filled with
thick gummy matter, and rapid loss of flesh and strength.

When distemper is fully developed in a dog there is a
frothy expectoration, and after a time the mouth becomes
covered with brown fur. It generally runs a course of
from three to six weeks, and may be divided into four stages:
the ‘incipient, the ‘reaction,’ the ‘ prostration,’ and
‘convalescence.’ There are often several complications
with this disease :—Head complication, causing congestion
of the brain; bronchial complication, with violent cough and
occasionally inflammation of the lungs; tntestinal complica-
tion, or violent purging of black fluid, followed by watery
and offensive stools with pieces of whitish skin mixed in
with them. This is a very bad complication, as, if not
checked and the dog’s strength well kept up and main-
tained, the animal dies from exhaustion very quickly.
Another complication is that when it attacks the skin;
when a large number of small pustules filled with matter
and blood spread over the body. Unfortunately, this malady

78 DoGs

leaves something behind, such as eczema, chorea, chronic
catarrh, loss of coat, and other ailments.

Pacita is the best remedy for distemper, and a dose
should be given as soon as any of the symptoms show
themselves. All large druggists keep it, and it has full
directions on the bottle. The dog should be isolated from
all other animals (as it is a very contagious disease), and
kept warm, and fed on everything that is nourishing—beef
tea and strong mutton broth thickened with oatmeal—a
table-spoonful or less at a time, according to the size of the
dog. Dab any spots there may be on the body with
warm water and Condy’s fluid, one part of the latter to
seven parts of the former, three or four times a day; and
should there be much discharge from the eyes, constantly
sponge them with the following lotion: 5 grs. of sulphate
of zinc, 1 dr. of laudanum, | teaspoonful of gin in 5 oz. of
rose-water. A little cod-liver oil is very beneficial for
ib; too much will cause jaundice. If the dog should be
affected with diarrhoea, a small teaspoonful of tincture of
rhubarb mixed with a table-spoouful of warm water every
four hours and rice milk should be the sole drink; if a
very small dog, less quantity at a time. A cow heel boiled
to a jelly makes very nourishing food for dogs.

The dog should not gu out of doors till quite recovered,
and even when recovered should take very little exercise
for some time; but of course the treatment depends on
the stage of the disease. All discharges must be at once
removed. When the dog is recovering from distemper,
and remains very weak and emaciated, or has fits, such as
chafing the teeth, the jaws firmly locked, and the whole
frame nearly rigid, and slime runs from the mouth, a
course of bromide of potassium in water three times a day
‘should be given; but it is best to consult a veterinary sur-
geon for exact quantity, as it depends on size and breed of
dog.

If the dog pants much, a hot linseed poultice, made with
half a teaspoonful of inustard to several of the linseed, and laid
on flannel, should be placed over the back and body till the

DISTEMPER 79

breathing is easier. Squire’s Parrish’s Chemical Food given
once daily when it is recovering is most beneficial. Should
the dog be too weak to lap, soak a small sponge with its
beef-tea, or milk with brandy, and squeeze in its mouth.

Homeopathic arsenicum in drops, it is said, will cure
dogs of distemper when all other means fail.

I am told that in cases of distemper 2 drops of
tincture of aconite in 4 drops of water every four hours
is very beneficial ; also half a grain of quinine added to the
food three times a day is a good thing. If the head is
much affected and the eyes bloodshot, keep ice, or a cooling
lotion, constantly applied to the top of head. Spratt, in his
little treatise, says that it isa healthy symptom when yellow
coloured pustulés appear on the belly inside of thighs, &c.
‘The essence of this disease is low fever of a typhoid cha-
racter. In the first stage the torpid condition of the liver
should be treated ; in the second the symptoms should be
arrested as they arise by as mild a treatment as will con-
trol them ; the thi: to support the strength by tonics and
nourishing food. A relapse must always be guarded
against, and the best plan is to keep the dog indoors or in
his kennel till quite strong. But as a writer says, ‘ Dis-
temper cannot be treated upon any one plan, but must be
managed according to the nature and stage of its develop-
ment;’ but there is no doubt that Pacita is the best remedy
at the first symptoms. I always keep a bottle of Pacita
by me, and should administer half a dose if distemper
was feared, and also Kirby pearl-coated rhubarb pills,
given in a lump of butter as early in the morning as
possible.

Tonic Pills after Distemper

Half a grain of quinine, } gr. of sulphate of iron, 1 gr.
of extract of gentian, and 1 gr. of ginger in each pill,
cover with tasteless varnish, and give one daily for three
weeks just before the pup’s midday meal.

80 DOGS

Dropsy and Diabetes

Give tonic pills, one morning and evening for three
weeks. Half a grain quinine, } gr. sulphate of iron,
1 gr. extract of gentian, 1 gr. powdered ginger, and
4 grs. of nitrate of bismuth in each pill. Broil all meat
and cut it very small; give a little beef-tea, but no
starchy or sweet foods, and keep the dog warm.

Emaciation

Give to usual diet a little scraped raw meat daily,
giving it three times, and with each lot give 4 grs. of
pepsin porci, and give the following tonic pills. Quinine,
18 grs.; extract of gentian, 36 grs.; pure sulphate of
iron, 12 grs.; mix, and make up into 18 pills, and give
one dose three times a day. Spratts’ small cod-liver
biscuits are also very good when dogs refuse all food.
Drench with milk and eggs, beef-tea with cornflour, and a
little brandy.

Enteritis

This isa very dangerous malady, and should be attended
to promptly. ‘The symptoms are: the dog wears a pained
expression of face, looks in great pain, moans piteously or
gives short yapping cries; the back is arched, and the
stomach is swollen and tender if pressed ; the nose is dry,
and the dog constantly shivers. It is much better to send
for a veterinary surgeon if possible; but if not feasible,
the first thing is to keep the dog as quiet as possible after
giving it a warm bath, and to cover the stomach when in
a sitting position for a quarter of an hour, and then well
dried and rolled up in a blanket before the fire. Relieve
the bowels by an injection of warm soap and water if the
bowels are constipated and obstinate, and apply hot
linseed poultices to the stomach. Castor oil and tincture
of opium, according to the size of the dog, should be

ENTERITIS 81

administered, and only weak broth or milk given as diet
until the dog is recovering, when it should have tonics and
more nourishing food ; but my advice is, when it is possible,
have a vet., as it is often a fatal disease.

Eyes, Weak

Foment the eyes every morning with this lotion:
6 oz. of rose-water and 10 grs. of zine. eed on
nourishing food and give now and then a Kirby’s pearl-
coated rhubarb pill in a piece of meat early in the morning,
and if there be much discharge, after washing and clearing
it away, get some of Singleton’s Golden Ointment and
smear the lids with it.

Eyeball, Film forming over

Divine stone 2 ers., 12 minims solution of sulphate of
atropine, 4 oz. distilled water. One drop to be placed in
the eye twice a day.

Cracked ‘Feet

Sometimes terriers’ feet are very thin and cracked ;
they should then be bathed with a lotion composed of 4 oz.
tincture of opium, } oz. tincture of matico, + oz. tincture of
arnica, } oz. acetic acid, in a pint of water. Apply to the
feet morning and evening with a soft sponge till healed.
When the feet-cracks are healed, let the dog stand in a
strong bath of salt; and water every morning for five
minutes to harden the skin.

Fits

Fits are often caused by worms. The worms of a dog
are numerous. Round and tape worms, infesting the
stomach and bowels, are the most general, though the
lungs, heart, liver and kidneys, &c., are often infested by

them, and from these worms come epileptic fits, though
G

82 DOGS

ofttimes there are fainting or convulsive fits, or even
vertigo or simple syncope. Worms are not the only
cause of fits; irritation and constipation are predisposing
causes, and sometimes they emanate from disease of the
brain or spinal cord. Some dogs are especially nervous
and are frightened into fits. A sharp word, or a stranger’s
approach, may bring on excitement. When the dog is in
a fit, remove the collar (if it wears one) at once, and it
should be held tightly with a dark cloth over its head ; and
when it becomes quiet, remove the cloth, wash the nose
and mouth with water, administer a very little weak brandy
and water, then place it in some dark quiet place for a few
hours, giving it, according to its size, one to three bryonia
pills to keep the bowels right. In pure epileptic fits
there is generally frothing at the mouth, great champing of
the jaws, and the whole body writhes and struggles. These
fits come on quite suddenly, and last from a few minutes
to half an hour, and in these attacks, always act as I have
described as regards holding it and keeping in the dark,
and administer three times a day, if a large dog, 10 grs.
of bromide of soda in water; keep very quiet, but give a little
gentle exercise in the evening, and feed on soup with a
little bread init. or small dogs, the bromide must be
given according to size; 5 ers. of bromide in a table-
spoonful of water daily for a medium-sized dog; if they
have a cough give bryonia.

Indigestion, or Dyspepsia

Dogs, lke human beings, are very subject to this
complaint, the cause of which generally comes from over-
feeding, or else too long a time between their meals, and
sometimes from unsuitable food and loss of teeth. The
symptoms are flatulency, constipation, diarrhoea, and ful-
ness of the stomach. If over-feeding is the cause, starve
for a couple of days, and then give a small simple meal and
administer one of Kirby’s rhubarb pills. If from want of

INDIGESTION, OR DYSPEPSIA 88

teeth ; examine the mouth, have all bad teeth extracted ; and
if from constipation, give an aperient. Dalziel recom-
mends for this: Barbadoes aloes, 45 grs.; powdered jalap,
1 dr.; powdered ginger, 1 dr.; castile soap, 2 drs.; all
mixed together and divided into 15-grain pills; the dose
being only two or three, according to the size of the dog ;
and to a very small dog, much less.

He also recommends a stomach pill, to be given till
health is restored, made with 1 scruple powdered rhubarb,
4 scruples extract of gentian, mixed and divided into
twenty-four pills, one or two to be given twice a day,
according to size of patient.

Puppies are very liable to fits of indigestion, and I had
a little toy Yorkshire pup that used to throw herself on
the ground and lie back as if dead. I used to walk her
about in my arms as I would a child, rubbing her gently,
and then giving her a teaspoonful of yolk of ege and port
wine, for the attacks or fits of indigestion were so violent
that she was quite prostrate; the smallest quantity of food
upset her ; but, however, she outgrew it and became a strong
little dog.

Jaundice, or Yellows

Jaundice proceeds from many causes, and is induced by
a chill, over-feeding with sour indigestible food, or from
bile, poisoning of the blood, inflammation of the liver, or
the bilious form of distemper. It is both acute and
chronic ; the symptoms are the lips, ears, eyes'and tongue
becoming a bright yellow tinge, as well as the inside of
thighs and belly. This disease comes on very suddenly.
Purging pills should be administered at once, and get
Spratts’ jaundice cure. Ifthe animal isin much pain, apply
vinegar and mustard to the seat of the liver, and soak the
food in good broth; but as I consider this malady a very
difficult one to cure, a veterinary surgeon should be
consulted at once, if near, as very careful nursing is
necessary. Fat dogs are most liable to this disease.

G 2

84 DOGS

Inflammation of the Lungs

Symptoms: a bad, harsh cough, running at the nose
and eyes, and the dog very quiet and without appetite.

The dog should be kept warm, but-in a well-ventilated
atmosphere. If the dog pants much, dip a flannel in boil-
ing water, and, after wringing it out, shake 6 drops of
turpentine on it and place on the chest, and cover over
with another hot flannel; or a good linseed and mustard
poultice may be applied till the panting is over. Give
plenty of beef-tea and meat-jelly ; also a teaspoonful of cod-
liver oil three times a day. The following prescription
was given me when I had a sick dog, and which I found
very effective—viz., 1 dr. of tincture of opium, 1 dr. of
ipecacuanha wine, 14 dr. of chlorate of potash, + dr. of
oxymel of squills, ¢ oz. of glycerine, } oz. of liquid honey,
and 6 drops of terebene, well mixed, and administered
three times a day. As the dog recovers, give tonic pills,
1 gr. quinine in bread, made up as small as possible, and
coated over with tasteless varnish, and administer one in
cod-liver oil twice a day, which should be continued for a

fortnight.
Liver

If a dog suffers from sluggish liver, a table-spoonful of
equal parts of syrup of buckthorn and castor oil once
weekly for three wecks; add a pinch of bicarbonate of
potash to the food for three days, discontinue for two
days, and resume it once a day for three more days, and if
there is not h decided improvement, then give an ordinary
podophyllin pill at the end of three weeks. If the dog is
constipated, give sloppy food and vegetables cut up in it.

Mange

Tn this disease dogs require great care, and in serious
cases a veterinary surgeon should always be consulted.
‘It is so customary to call every affection of the skin

MANGE 85

mange,’ so says Ede Mayhew. ‘This is wrong; and recipes
for the cure of this complaint are all nonsense, unless we
assume one medicine to be good for all diseases. Dogs
are very subject to mange; that is, the animal system can-
not suffer without the derangement flying to the skin.’

Mange is contagious, and all forms of it have their seat
internally, and take their origin in food and Jodging. Too
close a kennel, too much meat food, too hard or too soft a
bed, may give rise to it. eal mange is the work of a
parasite, and is of two sorts—one being the result of an
animal, and the other of a vegetable, parasite.

The symptoms are: the dog appears dejected, and
scratches himself continually, especially when he is warm;
the hair falls off in patches, and the skin is hot and in-
flamed ; a number of small pimples, like fleabites, make their
appearance, and after a time break and discharge and
scabs form. Jor treatment, Mayhew gives the following
dressing: Ung. resini as much as you pleaxe to take, sulph.
sub. sufficient to make the resin ointment very thick, ol.
junip. enough to make it the proper consistency. Rub it
in one day and wash it off the uext, and give the dog a tonic
for a week or a fortnight. A writer in ‘ Field, Farm, and
Fireside’ says: ‘Ifa dog has true mange, either sarcoptic
or follicular, it should be washed with soft soap to raise
the cutis, then rubbed dry, and dressed with the following
lotion: Equal parts of spirits of turpentine, oil of tar,
and best olive oil. This.should remain on for two days,
then washed again and dressed with 1 oz. sublimed sul-
phur, 1 dr. of mercurial ointment, 2 drs. of eucalyptus oil,
and 4 oz. of refined lard. ‘The washing and dressing to
be repeated as often as may be necessary.’

Spratts’ cure for mange is also much to be recom-
mended, the treatment being to wash the dog with warm
water, using sulpholine soup, and when dry the cure for
mange rubbed into the affected parts twice a day for three
successive days, and care must be taken that the dressing
reaches the shin and not the hair only. On the fourth
day the dog to be again washed with the soap, and for two

86 DOGS

days again the cure for mange applied as before. It is
well to administer a purgative pill whilst the dog is suffer-
ing from this complaint. This disease will hang about a
dog or the kennel for a long time if not thoroughly dealt
with. All bedding should be burnt, and if it is a kennel-
dog, the kennel should be thoroughly washed and dis-
infected.

Sulphur and vaseline mixed in equal parts, rabbed into
the dog twice a week, is one of the best remedies for this
skin disease, and which I always find good whenever I
have seen a dog with an appearance of mange coming
on, though among my own dogs I have never had but one
that had any appearance of skin disease at all, and that
was from over-eating. During mange give good food and
abundant exercise.

If mange gets into a kennel of dogs, the disease will
never be got rid of unless the kennel be thoroughly dis-
infected. The collars, chains, travelling-baskets, and
everything connected with the dogs should be disinfected,
and it is advisable to dress all the dogs without any ex-
ception for a fortnight with the following dressing: 2 lb.
blk. sulphur, 2 oz. oil of tar, 2 oz. oil of turpentine,
1 gal. train oil. After the fortnight the dogs should have
two or three baths to one application of the dressing.

Red Mange

Wash thoroughly with warm water and Sanitas soap, and
rub in an ointment composed of 1 dr. green iodide of
mercury, | dr. flowers of sulphur, 8 drs. vaseline, and apply
daily. Repeat the warm bath a week later, giving one
table-spoonful of castor oil the day previous; also put a
little of Fowler’s tasteless solution of arsenic! carefully in
the dog’s food daily, which should consist of bread, gravy,
meat, and plenty of green vegetables. The following is
considered a good dressing for red mange: 2 oz. turpen-

1 Begin with 1 drop to 6 for a toy dog, increasing gradually from 1
to 6, for a fortnight. Large dogs from 6 drops to 12.

ECZEMA 87

tine, 3 oz. oil of tar (oleum picis sy.), and 3 oz. olive
oil. This dressing should remain on for forty-eight hours ;
then the dog should be washed again as above, and the
dressing repeated if necessary, or Spratts’ eczema lotion is
highly to be recommended for either red mange or eczema.

Eczema

This occurs sometimes from temporary derangements
of the digestive organs, and generally from faulty dietary.
Worms are a common cause of eczema. Outward applica-
tions seldom cure. A compound rhubarb pill given every
night for a week has often a good effect. The evacuations
should always be examined for worms. This ailment is often
erroneously called ‘red mange.’ It generally attacks the
elbows and back of the forelegs and the inside of the thighs,
but in bad cases the whole body becomes affected. The
symptoms are continuous scratching, with red and inflamed
appearance of the skin; it is easily detected by its alter-
ing the colour of the hair to a rusty shade. White dogs
are more prone to skin diseases than the darker coloured.
Rub into the affected parts Howers of sulphur and vaseline.
Diet with oatmeal porridge made with milk, also beef or
mutton and vegetables chopped up together. Eczema
sometimes aflects the feet and is mistaken for foot rot. The
feet should be soaked daily in Jeyes’ fluid diluted forty
times with water.

Surfeit, or Blotch

Isolate the patient, for the disease is a kind of mange.
Administer early in the morning, fasting, a dessert-spoonful
of castor oil, and in an hour give the dog a little weak warm
soup. Apply on all the bare places night and morning a
lotion composed of 1 oz. of flowers of sulphur aud 4 oz. of
glycerine. The symptoms of surfeit are: the skin is in-
flamed in patches, showing quite a scarlet redness through
the coat, especially in white dogs, when often scabby
swellings form, and as these scabs fall off, they take the
hair with them, leaving the skin in an inflamed state, dis-

88 DOGS

charging a thin matter. The food of dogs suffering from
this complaint should be constantly varied. No meat; but
plenty of gravy, oatmeal, vegetables, rice, and biscuits.
The dog should have plenty of exercise, and have a little
cooling alterative medicine.

Nasal Gleet

This is the result of a cold, and the symptoms are a
discharge from the nose, which is sometimes tinged with
blood. The dogs should be kept warm, but not too hot,
and, if an out-door dog, take it into the house and give
it a good bed. ‘The nostrils should be bathed with
warm water three or four times a day, and syringed with
a very little Condy’s fluid in warm water, which should
be done immediately after bathing, and then a little cod-
liver oil administered.

Obesity

Blenheim spaniels are very subject to over-fatness of
the heart. They should have spare, but nutritious, food.

Ophthaimia

When this disease arises simply from a cold, the white
of the eye appears bloodshot and swollen; sometimes an
ulcer appears and will eat through the cornea, and then it
is called strumons ophthalmia ; and there is also rheumatic
ophthalmia, which has no discharge, but the pain is very
great. or simple ophthalmia give a good teaspoonful of
castor oil, and bathe the eyes three times a day for a week
with poppy-head tea, applied warm and with a sponge,
and a pill night and morning made of 20 grs. sulphate
of iron, 20 grs. powdered ginger, 20 grs. extract of
gentian, and 10 grs. of quinine, and coat with tasteless
varnish ; make into 20 pills; and feed on nourishing food,
with some greens chopped up in it. At the end of a
fortnight leave off the poppy-head tea and bathe three
times a day with this lotion: 3 oz. rose-water, 1 dr. of

OPHTHALMIA 89
>

laudanum, } dr. tincture of belladonna, and 4 grs. of sul-
phate of zinc; then, after the dog has taken these, give
half a teaspoonful of Parrish’s Food daily in its food for a
few weeks. Thedog should be kept warm and in an equal
temperature. When an ulcer appears, use the last lotion ;
in the strumous kinds give a tonic in the shape of a pill
made with 1 gr. of quinine and 3 gers. of hemlock twice a
day. When it takes the form of rheumatic ophthalmia,
give a brisk purge first and then administer 3 grs. iodide
of potassium, 4 grs. nitre, and 3 er. digitalis, 5 grs. extract
of gentian ; mix, and give twice a day, or half to a small
dog.

Catarrhal Ophthalmia

Apply morning and evening 9 grs. nitrate of silver in
2 oz. of distilled rose-water, apply with a soft sponge, and
hold it to the eye for 3 or 4 minutes at atime. The dog
should be kept warm and fed with plenty of vegetables,
and the eyes fomented every night with warm water.

Paralysis

This disease causes either entire or partial loss of power
and sensation in some part of the body, and is caused by
injuries to the head, back, or loins, and sometimes from dis-
temper; old dogs are rather prone to this fearful malady.

It is first noticeable by the dog walking unsteadily and
occasionally falling sideways, and soon the lees are drawn
when walking, and often tumble down. The treatment
consists in first attending to the state of the bowels, such
‘as giving a dose of castor oil and buckthorn. Friction
along the spine with Elliman’s Embrocation does good, and
also the parts affected, and give daily Spratts’ formula.
For little dogs of about 10 pounds’ weight, begin with 4
drops of tincture of nux vomica twice a day for a week,
when the doses may be increased at the rate of 1 drop a
day to 12 drops; in toy dogs the doses must be rather
smaller. Large dogs, weighing about 150 pounds, the first
dose should be 10 drops, increasing to 10 at the rate of

90 DOGS

2 drops a day, after the first week. Nourishing diet
should be given ; plenty of dog biscuits soaked in gravy and
milk. For small dogs a little meat should be given.

Dogs should be kept warm and quiet, and as they
improve, 5 drops of Fer Bravais may be added to their
dinner. When they seem to feel pain it is a sign of im-
provement.

Pleurisy

This is acute inflammation of the lining membrane of
the chest, and should be similarly treated as inflammation
of the lungs. The symptoms are a dry nose, hot skin,
and panting with a bad cough. The dog must be kept
warm and covered with a blanket. Give a dose of 3
parts castor oil, 2 syrup of buckthorn, and 1 part syrup
of poppies; give beef-tea, ege beaten up in milk, a little
broth with wine in it, and plenty of cold water to drink,
and apply a hot fomentation of turpentine to the chest.

Psoriasis
Give once weekly 4} oz. of Epsom salts in a cup of
warm water for a month, and apply as an ointment 2 oz.
sulphur, 3 oz. prepared lard, with 20 drops of tincture of
opium well worked into it. Add a teaspoonful of flowers
of sulphur daily to the dog’s dinner for several weeks.
Never give salt meat. Rub the ointment well into the skin.

Ptyalism
(‘Rara Avis ’)

Feed generotsly ; soak biscuits in gravy; give no
bones ; administer every morning a table-spoonful of cod-
liver oil in a pint of milk, and give some tonic pills pre-
pared according to the size.

Rabies in Dogs
(From ‘ Field, Farm, and Fireside ’)

Tn the early stage of rabies dogs are seldom viciously

inclined, but display often inordinate affection, licking the

RABIES IN DOGS 91

hands and face of those they are familiar with. Yet the virus
is equally deadly at this stage; for if the saliva falls on a
pimple or an abraded surface it is readily absorbed, and is
really more dangerous than a bad bite inflicted on the
covered parts of the body. It is safest to regard every
sick dog with suspicion, and to mark attentively any de-
parture from the animal’s usual habits. If the dog is rest-
less and peculiar in its behaviour, mark him well, for the
earliest symptom of rabies is generally a fidgety manner,
quite foreign to the animal in its own home. It is con-
stantly changing its position, seeks out new resting-places,
answers reluctantly to a call, gazes about him in a sus-
picious manner, and then, perhaps, buries its head in its
paws and appears to sleep again, and it will at the
slightest sound appear to see imaginary enemies, biting
and snapping at nothing in particular. Invariably there
is excessive thirst, with perhaps slight vomiting, but always
a morbid appetite, the dog refusing its natural food, and
greedily devouring all sorts of filth. The carpet, legs of
chairs and tables are gnawed if the animal be indoors, or
the walls of its kennel if confined. When at liberty it
will eat dung, straw, pieces of stone, coal, sticks, &c.

The flow of saliva from the mouth is never very pro-
fuse, and the stories of mad dogs covered with foam are
generally so much nonsense, and refer usually to some
poor beast in a teething or distemper fit. But, although
not profuse, it is thick, viscid, and glutinous, clinging to
the corners of the mouth, causing the dog annoyance, and
giving rise to that peculiar fighting with the paws which
leads to the ‘ bone in the throat’ theory.

As the disease advances we may have blind fury or deli-
berate treachery, or what has been described as ‘ instinctive
desire to propagate the affection.’ Other dogs are especially
the subject of aversion, and later, other animals are freely
attacked. Much cunning is often displayed in gaining
liberty, and, when this is secured, the rabid dog will often go
miles, passing through villages and leaving behind unmis-
takable evidence of its presence, which is perhaps presently

92 DOGS

regarded as a spontaneous outbreak. At first the animal
may go from side to side, deliberately attacking any dog it
sees, never stopping to fight, but bowling its victim over,
inflicting a savage bite, and then leaving him to seek a fresh
one. Later, it goes steadily forward at the well-known
trot, and only interferes with those opposing its progress,
and finally returns home, if it escapes destruction by the
way, in a semi-stupid, half-paralysed condition, to die. A
mad dog loses sensation and mental discrimination. Ac-
counting forthis, Youatt states that the most severe thrashing
fails to extract a cry from a rabid dog, and records a case
of a hound which bit savagely at a red-hot poker presented
to it by a groom. The part on which the bite is inflicted,
which’gives the malady to the animal, is, if within reach,
often gnawed, and the flesh torn away. ‘The brightness of
the eye with the disease, in the popular mind, does not
last long, but the eye becomes cloudy yellow, and finally a
disorganised mass. A wonderful change takes place in
the bark. The howl of a rabid dog is a blood-curdling
sound, and at once claims the attention of the experienced.
There is a dumb form of the malady, and which is equally
as dangerous as the furious form. Here the eyes are dull
and heavy-looking, there is often a discharge of pus from
them and from the nostrils, the tongue dry and pendulous
and of a dark colour, while the throat is swollen and the
lower jaw dropped in a peculiar fashion, the whole appear-
ance of the animal being particularly distressing. In this
form paralysis occurs at an early stage.

A very popular superstition is that a mad dog is afraid
of water, which is very erroneous, since not only have rabid
dogs no fear of water, but they will plunge their muzzle
into it, and except during the last stage, when spasms of
the glottis prevent deglutition, they will drink freely, and to
the last will try to do so. It is the inability to swallow,
not the lack of inclination, that prevents them. Another
and most mischievous notion is that if a person is bitten
by a dog when well, and it should at any subsequent
period become rabid, the person so bitten will also develop

RABIES IN DOGS 93

hydrophobia. Thousands of dogs have been destroyed
because of this silly fear, which is not only without foun-
dation, but opposed to all reason and common sense.
Owners of valuable animals have been importuned to have
a dog destroyed that has inflicted a bite on some one in
play ; or, in other cases, when it was doing its duty in pre-
venting the incoming of intruders and protecting property
committed to its charge. To destroy a dog under such
circumstances is the height of folly, since not only is a life
wantonly taken, but the person bitten may spend years
and years in great anxiety, because the state of the animal
at the moment of inflicting the bite is not assured. Steel
writes : ‘It is certain that no dog free from rabies, however
angry he be, can give another animal or man rabies by a
bite.’

Frequently a dog has rabies in an advanced state before
even his owner suspects it. A dog is not unfrequently
found foaming at the mouth, and fighting at the corners
with his paws, to clean away the saliva, and is hurried
off to the veterinary surgeon under the impression that
there is a bone in his mouth; and the owner is astonished,
often positively incredulous, when told that the animal is
mad.

Rheumatism

There are two kinds of this disease—the acute and the
chronic. In the former there is always great fever and
constipation, the water scanty and high coloured, the nose
hot and dry, the back is arched, and every attempt to move
gives rise to pitiful cries. The most frequent forms are
lumbago and chest founder. In the former the hind legs
drag and the loins are tender. In the latter the chest and
fore part is affected.

Constipation must be first attacked by giving a full
dose of castor oil, and enemas if necessary; then relieve the
poor beast by warm fomentations, great care being taken
to dry him well and keep him warm. When there is
much fever, a mixture should be given every four or five

94 DOGS

hours of the following, the quantity according to size and
species of dog: bicarbonate of potash, nitrate of potash,
and cream of tartar. When the bowels are relieved and
the fever abated, a long course of iodide of potassium.
After a warm bath and a thorough drying, it is well to
rub in the following liniment: 1 oz. of aconite liniment,
2 oz. of compound camphor liniment, mixed, and well
rubbed into the affected parts. Diet moderate.

This is a disease to which dogs are very prone, and is
caused by exposure to draughts, over-feeding especially,
damp kennels, and exposure to east winds. Pet dogs are
most liable, though it often affects sporting dogs. The
parts affected appear very hot and sore, and the dog has
difficulty in moving.

The dog must be kept warm, and a purgative given,
plenty of water to drink, in which a little nitre should be
mixed. If the rheumatism attacks the back, put hot
flannels round him frequently, and if in the legs, rub in
Elliman’s embrocation. A little Dover’s powder, from
3 to 10 grs. twice a day, may be given; the diet low—no
meat—but keep up its strength, and, as the dog recovers,
give a tonic.

Rickets

This is a diseased condition of the bones, but principally
attacking the fore legs. It is a disease peculiar to puppies,
and they get very emaciated, with ribs and hip bones
prominent, legs bandy and swollen.

A course of Parrish’s chemical food and cod-liver oil,
half a teaspoonful of the former and a dessert-spoonful
of the latter mixed, and given after feeding. Bathe the
legs twice a day with 'Tidman’s sea-salt dissolved in cold
water.

Spratts’ bone-meal mixed with the food is very excellent,
and a little lime-water mixed with milk.

Skin Disease. Sce Mange

SORE BACKS 95

Sores

When sores discharge matter, hot fomentations should
be applied, and then dressed with boracic ointment.

Sore Backs

Retrievers sometimes suffer from bad backs, which keep
breaking out into running sores. The best plan is to remove
the hair from the irritable parts; then dress the middle of
the back with a liniment of equal parts turpentine, spirit
of tar, and olive oil; let it remain on for a couple of days;
then wash thoroughly and, if necessary, repeat the dressing.

Let the animal feed on table scraps, well-boiled oat-
meal, and rough meat—such as paunch, liver, or sheep’s
head.

Sometimes it is necessary to give 5 to 10 gers. of sulphur
daily, with 4 gr. of crocus antimony.

Tumours

Tumours are very common to dogs, especially encysted
tumours, which consist of small bladders lying close under
the skin and of a round form, perfectly free from pain,
varying from the size of a pea to that of a plum. They
must be removed by a veterinary surgeon, and there is
no danger in the operation, but the strength should be
maintained by good beef-tea, meat, and oatmeal-porridge.
Five drops of Fer Bravais, given daily for a month in the
food, is a good thing for an average-sized dog; boiled
milk also is very good for them.

A chronic gathering or swelling should be painted with
tincture of iodine daily (about three times), liquid food
should not be given; if .it bursts, bathe it with warm
water into which a few drops of Condy’s fluid should be put.
Give an aperient once a fortnight for six weeks, and mix
plenty of green vegetables with their food. Some puppies

96 DOGS

of eleven or twelve months old suffer from swellings round
the teats, which may be likely to form into an abscess.
Then hot linseed poultices should be applied, and when the
place is soft and ripe (unless it breaks), it should be opened,
and the wound washed with warm water and then dressed
with carbolic oil.

Vomiting (Persistent)

This is generally indicative of gastric disturbance,
probably gastritis, or inflammation of the lining membrane
of the stomach. The following mixture should be given
every four hours, a teaspoonful at a time: Dilute hydro-
cyanic acid, 16 drops, 80 grs. of carbonate of soda,
chloroform water to 1 oz. Allow free access to cold
water for drinking, or put small pieces of ice in the
mouth. Essence of beef will often stay on the stomach
when nothing else will. After the vomiting has ceased,
great care must be taken with the diet—a very little at a
time and in areadily digestible form. At this stage a little
quinine is desirable.

Worms

‘Stonehenge,’ one of the greatest authorities on dogs,
says: ‘Worms are a fertile source of disease in the dog,
destroying every year more puppies than distemper itself,’
Worms in puppies are most injurious, as they cut off their
supply of foods and irritate their nervous system to a
frightful degree, and produce indigestion, constipation, in-
flammation of the bowels, and. finally death. They cause
irregularity of the bowels, render the coat staring and rough,
and make the breath most offensive, and often reduce the
poor dog to a living skeleton.

There are many varieties of worms. The common maw-
worm, which is half an inch long, with a pointed tail and
a flat broad head, exists chiefly in the large intestines in
large numbers, but these do not trouble the dog’s health
much. It is the round-worm called Ascaris marginata

WORMS 97

which does the greatest harm, and is often found even in
puppies a few days old. It inhabits the smallest intes-
tines, and is sometimes vomited by the dog, and then it
is probable that it comes from the bowels to the stomach,
and is ejected from the irritation it causes there. It
varies considerably in length, as much as from two to
eight inches; it is round, varying in thickness with its
length, it is of a dirty white colour and pointed at both
ends, and is often passed coiled together in masses or
balls. The tape-worm is a long flat worm, divided into
joints often attaining to six or eight feet in length, and is
most difficult to expel in its entirety; it inhabits the small
intestines, and is much worse than the round-worm in its
effects upon the animal’s health. With both round and
tape worms the dog’s appetite is ravenous, and yet the food
does no good. The coat is harsh and staring, and without
gloss; the breath is offensive and the bowels irregular.
It is an infallible sign of the presence of worms when the
dog * draws his chariot ’—1.e. sits on the ground and drags
itself along with the fore feet. In young dogs, fits and
diarrhcea are the outcome from them, and paralysis in old
animals.

If the head be sought for in tape-worm, the usual order
of things is reversed with this parasite, as it is the neck
and not the tail that tapers; it diminishes in breadth
towards the head, and if this is not passed, it will go on
forming fresh joints as long as it remains in the body;
and the medicines should be repeated until it is voided.
Mr. Sewell, M.R.C.V.S., says he is strongly of opinion that
pups obtain the eggs of worms from the mother’s teats,
which collect there when the mother lies about, and are
swallowed by the pups in sucking; and he advises that two
days before she whelps her teats should be washed with a
warm solution of Sanitas, with an application of soap, and
to repeat this ablution twice a week till the pups are re-
moved (of course this does not apply to toy house-dogs).
When worms appear in pups, it is generally soon after
they are weaned, when the stomach becomes distended

H

98 DOGS

immediately after each meal. The symptoms of worms
are—large and depraved appetite, such as eating garbage,
mud, cinders, old leather, &c.

The best treatment for a small dog is to let it fast
for eighteen hours, and then early in the morning give
a teaspoonful of salad oil with 1 gr. of santonine mixed
in it, and two hours later administer some warm broth,
and later in the day its usual food. If necessary, this
treatment should be repeated in a fortnight. For larger
dogs, give 3 ers. of santonine in a table-spoonful of salad
oil, followed by a dessert-spoonful or a table-spoonful of
castor oil. Unless castor oil is given after the vermifuge
the poor animal often suffers great pain. The santonine is
given according to the dog’s weight. If not successful
this should be repeated in a fortnight’s time. I always
follow Rara Avis’s advice, and give a table-spoonful of
whisky and water after a vermifuge, so as to prevent any
chill to the liver, which would be most injurious.

Santonine is the most efficient destroyer of round-worms,
and the areca nut for tape-worms. The two following
formule are very good vermifuges, but, of course, the
quantity given must depend on the size and weight of the:
dog :—

Round-worm: 1 gr. santonine for a toy dog, up to 5 or
6 for very large ones; and give about two hours after a
dose of castor oil, followed by some warm broth.

Tape-worm: Freshly-ground areca nut, the dose from
2 grs. for every pound the dog weighs up to 2 drachms ;
after which administer a.dose of castor oil.

These vermifuges should be made into a bolus with
butter. Naldire’s and Spratts’ worm-powders are first-
rate vermifuges, and are purchased with full directions
for use.

All worm medicines must be given on an empty
stomach. In procuring areca nut, it should be bought in
the whole nut and grated only directly before using, as, by
keeping, the powder deteriorates. he administration of
vermifuges must be regulated according to the size of the

WORMS 99

dog. Santonine, from 1 to 5 grs., extract of male fern from
5 to 20 drops. Areca nut may be calculated at the rate
of 2 ers. to each pound the dog weighs.

Pups with worms should take santonine in linseed oil ;
terriers five or six weeks old half a grain in half a tea-
spoonful of linseed oil. One dog writer gives the following
formula for worms: ‘ Feed in the middle of the day, and
at eight o’clock in the evening give a dessert-spoonful of
salad oil, and early in the following morning give 20 grs.
of kamala in a teaspoonful of salad oil; an hour later
a table-spoonful of equal parts of syrup of buckthorn and
castor oil mixed, followed in another hour bya saucerful
of warm broth; and then feed as usual in the afternoon.’
I have never tried this remedy, so cannot answer for it.
Some dogs breed very tiny worms like fine threads, and an
old naturalist at Sandgate, who had made dog-worms his
study, gave me the following prescription, which he said
perfectly cleansed the system of them: 4 grs. powder julep,
4 grs. powder valerian, 4 drops oil of rodan; but I have
never tried it, as he omitted to say in what it was mixed.

Some people with very small dogs prefer homceopathic
treatment, giving santonine globules or Cina anth. (worm-
seed).

Tw dogs should be shut up until after the action of
the medicine is over. The excreta should always be de-
stroyed with carbolic acid, or burned.

Wounds, Treatment of

As a rule, wounds of domestic animals, except the cat,
heal very rapidly under the simplest treatment, all that is
necessary being cleanliness and efficient drainage. To this
latter point, Mr. Wentworth says, * great attention must be
paid, for if the wound does not discharge freely on account
of its position, as in a deep puncture, or a tear rynning
across the fibre of muscles, or when it is closed so perfectly
as to have no dependent orifice to let inflammation products
escape, there is sure to be much pain and a bad mend.’

H2

ACCIDENTS

Bites

Wash the wound with a little salt butter and bathe.
If a thorn or splinter gets into an animal’s foot, extract it
with tweezers if possible ; if not, poultice with bread, and
bathe the leg in warm water.

Bruises and Kicks

Apply a rag steeped in 1 dr. of tincture of arnica in
6 oz. of water, which must be repeated at intervals till the
soreness has left. Also carbolic and vaseline ointment is
a capital healing and cleansing factor.

Fractures and Dislocations

Simple fractures may be attended to by the dog’s
master or mistress if they have the nerve and know how
to treat them, but compound fractures a veterinary surgeon
should be sent for, or the dog conveyed to one. The first
thing necessary is to keep the dog quiet and at rest, and
if there be any swelling it must be reduced before the bone
can be set, and the best way to reduce it is to apply cold
water or ice. But I am not going to describe the process
of setting in this book, as there are so many books which
explain more fully than I could, as I am thankful to say
I have had no experience in breakages, and in any case
should send for a vet. Spratt recommends that after the
swelling is reduced a bandage must be applied after the
fractured bones have been placed opposite to each other,
the bandage bound round the limb two or three times from
the top to the bottom. The splints are next applied, made
of wood an eighth of an inch in thickness, and sufficiently

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS 101

long to extend over the whole straight surface of the limb,
and should be four in number, one for the front of the leg,
one for the back, and one for either side. Before applying
them, the inside of each should be smeared with hot pitch
or cobbler’s wax, so that they will adhere to the bandage
and not slip, and then over this another long bandage, an
inch and a half wide, soaked in a thick solution of common
starch, should be bound round the limb from top to bottom.

The dog should be afterwards put in a quiet place,
where he can rest and not move about. If the next day
the part of the limb below the bandage is swollen, the
latter should be loosened for a short time, and tightened
again when the swelling subsides. The "dog should be
kept on a low diet; and give a dose of castor oil, or, if a
small dog, three bryonia pilules for a couple of days. For
fractures of the ribs (simple fractures) a bandage should
be placed several times round the chest, and the dog kept
restful and on low diet for a few days.

Dislocations are more easily managed if looked to at
once. The dog gues suddenly lame and seems in great
pain, and the joint appears fixed. By moving and pulling
the bone try to get it back, but great force is sometimes
required. The dog should be rested afterwards, and
apply plenty of hot fomentations.

Choking

When a dog chokes, try in the first instance to remove
the obstruction by gently working the throat till it can be
moved up or down. If it does not yield to this treat-
ment, fasten a bit of sponge tightly to the end of a stick
dipped in sweet oil, and push it gently down the throat,
and, on touching the obstruction, press it steadily onwards,
and give the dog for a few days warm bread and milk.

I have found the following plan answer. Give a little
brandy, and then hold the dog up by his hind legs and
head downwards, and by stroking the throat it will bring
the substance up.

MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES

Bad Breath

Give in the dog’s dinner for a week as much bicarbonate
of potash as will lie on a threepenny-piece, and twice a
week give half a Bragg’s charcoal biscuit, and see the teeth
are all right, and sponge the teeth with a soft piece of

sponge soaked in a very weak mixture of Condy’s fluid
and water.

Bites

Many people are bitten by dogs when very few need be.
It is a bad plan to meddle with dogs who do not know
you. I have seen people poke a strange dog with a stick,
or push it with a foot, and perhaps the dog will snap or bite.
Why do this?

Not once in ten thousand times does a dog molest any-
one who minds his own business, no matter however crabbed
the dog may be. If anyone is obliged to approach and
touch a dog, it must be done properly, which is, ‘ put out
your hand easily and confidently to the dog so that he
may smell it; put it to his nose. If he sniffs at it, and
wags his tail and shows friendship, then speak to him and
pat him on the head; but if the dog remains sullen and
passive, the sooner the hand is moved the better.’ Never
approach a strange dog with nervousness or menace ; but,

of course, the best way is not to interfere with strange
dogs.

Fora Cold

Three drops of friar’s balsam in half a teaspoonful of
water twice a day.

DRESSING FOR DOGS’ COATS 1038

Dogs Coughing and Sneezing Constantly

Give a teaspoonful each of syrup of buckthorn and castor
oil, and repeat in a week; also give twice a day in water
3 drops of compound tincture of benzoin.

Destruction of Dogs

The most humane way is to give a teaspoonful of
chloral in half a wine-glass of water, to send the animal

to sleep, and then apply a rag dipped in chloroform to the
nostrils till life is extinct.

Dressing for Dogs’ Coats

When the hair is inclined to fall off, or there are bare
places, make a dressing with a mixture of equal parts of
olive oil and flowers of sulphur, or half vaseline and half
flowers of sulphur, and rub it in well, and brush the coat
with one of Evenson’s long-haired dog-brushes.

Another stimulant is to take equal parts of kerosene,
olive oil, cocoa-nut oil, and castor oil, thoroughly amalga-
mated, and apply twice a week. When terriers have bald
heads, dress the parts daily with glycerine. Often the
falling out of hair is due to debility, and a few drops
(according to the size of the dog) of Fer Bravais should be
put into the food once a day for three or four weeks.
Sometimes the bald patches are the effects of a scald, and
then often the hair follicle is destroyed, and nothing
can possibly restore it. If there should be any signs of
new hair appearing, a very small quantity of mercurial
ointment—made with one part strong ointment and three
parts lard—helpsit on. The following receipt for hair-lotion
was given to me:—‘ Dress bare places twice a week with
the following: 4 oz. olive oil, 3 oz. cocoa-nut oil, 14 oz.
camphorated oil, + oz. mercurial ointment, 1 dr. tincture

of cantharides, 1 dr. spirits of hartshorn, } 02. flowers of

104° DOGS

sulphur (they must not be allowed to lick the application
upon any account); and 38 drops of Fer Bravais given
daily for a fortnight in a little cold boiled milk, and a
pinch of sulphur in the food every other day for a
month,’

Ears, Puppies’, to make Drop

One often sees puppies carrying their ears askew—1.e.
one up and the other down ; and if the dog is valuable and
required for exhibition, the way to cure it is to make a little
hood-shaped cap in some soft material and tie it on over
the ears for a few hours daily, and smooth the ears down
every now and again for about twenty minutes at a time,
which generally rectifies the fault ; or tie the ears down with
a bandage and manipulate them downwards with the hands
constantly.

Hydrophobia (to Prevent)

\ In the event of a bite from an animal in a rabid state,
or otherwise, sponge and wash the parts as soon as possible
with clean water; then take good leaf tobacco and make a
bandage of it on the place bitten or lacerated ; change the
bandage three or four times a day for a week; this will
effectually absorb and extract any poison that may have
lodged itself in the part bitten. If leaf tobacco cannot be
obtained, take strong manufactured cut tobacco, and use it
in the samé manner. In America, the Indians, in their
travels through the forest and prairie lands, always carry
leaf tobacco with them, and when they are bitten by
serpents and other venomous reptiles they use the leaf
tobacco in the way described, and it is an invariable anti-
dote against hydrophobia and its fatal effects.

"1 Some years ago I was given the direction of John Bishop, Birling,

Maidstone, who possessed a wonderful cure for this dread disease, but
I don’t know if he is to be heard of now.

POISONING 105

_Ipritable Skin on Fox Terrier

Dress it with the following prescription :—2 oz. salad
oil, 1 oz. flowers of sulphur, well mixed, 2 oz. of fuller’s
earth ; and put a teaspoonful of flowers of sulphur into the
drinking-water daily for three weeks. Give castor-oil cap-
sules, and administer once a week.

As ausual guide, a dose that is given to a child twelve
years of age will do for a fox terrier.

To rid Kennels of Flies

Grow in and around the kennel-yard the Datura stra-
monium, or jimson weed. It is an unsightly and dis-
agreeable weed, but it can in most cases be screened from
view by other shrubs, and it is one that will not spread
nor grow where not wanted. It keeps flies and other
insects and vermin away. One or two plants are sufficient ;
they grow rapidly, and will come up year after year.

Poisoning

Powdered washing-soda is a speedy and safe emetic in
the event of accidental poisoning or overdose of anything
injurious. Put it down the throat dry, out of doors, as the
effects are instantaneous.

Another plan is to encourage vomiting by giving
ipecacuanha, and repeat dose if necessary; after which
give 3 drs. of prepared kali and 1 oz. water, and give
a tablespoonful every quarter of an hour, and if the
dog is brought round, very careful feeding and nursing is
requisite to bring back the dog’s strength. Especially
keep it from cold winds.

. When arsenic is the cause of poison—the symptoms of
which are similar to inflammation of the bowels—heat and
tenderness of the bowels, accompanied by severe sickness

106 DOGS

with a frothy vomit, and great thirst, breathing very
heavy, and convulsions ensue. Give quickly an emetic,
followed by a drench of milk, magnesia and oil, or flour
and water, but if near a chemist get hydrated peroxide of
iron; of course the quantity depends on size of dog, and
how often it is to be administered, which the chemist will
best know.

Phosphorus poisoning causes great and frequent twitch-
ing and purging, great tenderness in the throat, accom-
panied by convulsions. Give an emetic at once, followed
up by frequent doses of magnesia given in water.

Poisoning from corrosive sublimate: the dog vomits
with great purging, the stomach swells immensely, and
the whole body twitches. Give an emetic, and then the
whites of eggs.

For strychnine, the symptoms of which are deep and
sharp moans of pain, followed by jerking of the head and
limbs, foaming at the mouth, and arching of the back,
give a strong emetic; but if the jaws are fixed, give an
enema with 20 grs. of chloral. When it is possible give
it as much butter, fat, or lard as can be forced down, and
get a vet. as quickly as possible.

I am indebted to an article in the ‘Stock-keepers’
Gazette’ for these hints.

Scratching

Frequent washing has on some dogs the effect of
rendering the skin irritable, and many cases of these
animals biting and scratching themselves without apparent
cause are due to nothing else but too often washing. Strong
alkaline, bad carbolic soaps, and imperfectly rinsing the
coat, are frequent causes. Worms are said to provoke
scratching, and fleas are a source of irritation of the skin.
Get rid of the worms, if any exist, and keep the skin free
from fleas. Sprinkle the bed with spirits of rosemary, dust
the coat with insect-powder, or powdered sweet flag and
camphor, and give a regular grooming every day.

SNORING 107

Snoring

Short-nosed dogs have rather a predisposition to snore.
There is no cure, as it is caused by an obstruction of the
nasal passage; but in some cases it may be lessened by
rubbing the bridge of the nose with camphorated liniment.
Sometimes worms are the cause of it; if so, treat in the
usual way for those parasites.

For Sprains

Rub in Elliman’s embrocation.

Stings
Apply sal volatile or liquid ammonia.

Dogs infested with Ticks

Clean the bed and surroundings, pick out the ticks, or
cut them asunder with a pair of scissors; or if they
cannot be got rid of by this, wash the dog first in soft
soap, and then with Naldire’s or Spratts’ dog soap ; and if
this does not avail, slake 4 lb. of quicklime in water,
and then add 1 lb. of sublimed sulphur, stirring them
‘together and gradually adding water until it measures a
gallon. Put it on the fire, in an old saucepan, and boil
till half the quantity remains. Set aside to cool, and when
cold, pour off the clear liquid and add water till the mixture
measures 5 pints. Well wet the coat with it, which will
destroy the ticks. Care must be taken the dog does not
lick itself, and that he does not get wet.

Vermin

The safest plan to get rid of these pests (lice) is to
saturate the animal with castor oil and let it remain on
for several days, which kills the lice by preventing their
breathing. Burn all bedding, and if the dog’s coat is very
long, clip the coat.

108 DOGS

To teach Pups Cleanliness

_ Never pass over any misdemeanour. When the puppy

misbehaves, take it up to the place, speaking angrily, rub
its nose on the ground, and give it a smart slap on the
lower part of the back, taking care not to touch the spine,
head, or ears. Put it out of doors and make much of it
when outside, and speak kindly to it whilst out. It should
be put out five or six times a day at regular intervals, one
being the first thing in the morning, and late in the
evening. Have all the soiled places washed with water and
a very little Condy’s fluid, and pepper well. When the
dog becomes restless and begins sniffing about it should
be taken out immediately, and it will soon learn to be
clean.

To administer Physic

For small dogs pills can be given by opening the mouth
and placing them well back on the tongue, quickly closing
the mouth, and then blow into the nostrils and rub the
dog’s throat. Sometimes dogs will not swallow the pills; it
is then best to wrap the pill up in a small piece of meat,
and have two or three pieces ready besides. Give him a
piece or two at first without the pill, and let him see more
is to come, and he will probably bolt the first morsel, and
look up for the next, and so on. With fluid medicines sit
on a chair and take the dog between the knees and throw
a towel over his legs. Keep the mouth shut and pull out
the back of the lips gently, or the skin of the cheek, so as
to form a kind of a cup, into which a helpmate pours the
medicine. Some dogs are very savage in giving them
medicine, and the only plan is to muzzle them, as the cheek
can be easily pulled out if not too tightly muzzled.

Training Dogs to go into the Water

The best plan is to give a dog the companionship of
another dog that is fond of the water. No’one should

TRICKS TO TEACH DOGS—WASHING DOGS 109

attempt to teach a dog when other dogs are by. The
weather should be warm; and choose a place where the
shore slopes gradually in, so that the dog does not plunge
out of his depth at once. Before teaching him to bring
anything out of the water, he must be taught to retrieve on
land, and always keep in so doing to one article, and if the
puppy cannot be induced to fetch it, go for it yourself,
taking him with you and keep showing it to him.

Tricks to teach Dogs

To teach a dog to shut the door, fetch and carry, take a
biscuit for some celebrated name, and refuse it for another.
Place a piece of cake or meat on his nose and keep it there,
asking him who put it there, giving several names; and
then ask your own, when only he should take it. To walk
on hind legs, valse, cough, sneeze, turn somersaults, jump
through hoops and over hurdles, stand up at the word
‘attention,’ tricks with cards. To teach shutting the door,
a piece of biscuit or meat should be tied to the door-handle
just above the dog’s reach, and when the dog shuts the
door he should be petted and the meat given.

To teach a Dog Card Tricks

Place a little piece of meat on the ace, a bit of biscuit
on the queen, and a lump of sugar on the ten; then point
out each card by name, and allow the dog to eat the pieces.
Persevere in this for some days till the doggie knows the
difference; then keep the pieces in your hand and give
them as a reward whenever he takes the right card, saying
‘No’ sharply whenever he makes a mistake, and pet and
caress when he does the trick well.

Washing Dogs

Great care should be taken in washing delicate dogs.
The water should only be blood warm, and once a fortnight

110 DOGS

is the most that any dog should be washed ; indeed, they
should only be washed when necessary, as they can be kept
very clean by brushing daily, and afterwards rubbing with
an old silk handkerchief.

Sulpholine soap is the best thing to wash dogs with,
and if the dog has fleas, add a teaspoonful of Condy’s fluid
to the water.

A dog should never be washed when suffering from
cold, and should always be carefully dried afterwards.
Dogs should never be washed in cold weather. I take my
dogs on my lap, rub them thoroughly with a thick bath
towel, roll them in flannel, and place them in their baskets
before the fire, and when all but dry, comb and brush them
and put them before the fire again. In the summer after
drying I send them out in the sun for a run.

Hints and General Management of Dogs

The owners of dogs should attend to their general
health, as it is easier to prevent disease than to cure it.
The eyes, nose, gums, hair, and breath of a dog should be
carefully noted. The eyes may be inflamed, or pale and
sunken, the nose hot and dry, and the gums may be pale,
all of which show disorganisation, which can speedily be
rectified.

Change of air and diet will often do good when all
other remedies fail. A change from town to country and
the green fields, and from greasy meat to fresh milk will
generally recruit a dog without the aid of medicine. Dogs
should never be out during the intense heat of the day, as
it is apt to produce fits, which often end fatally.

Dogs are much healthier fed on moderate meals. For
night watch-dogs their food should be given them in the
morning; but if required quiet at night, feed them late,
and don’t leave bones for them to gnaw.

Dogs should never be allowed to lie and roast before
the fire for hours together, which I often see, as it produces
not only enlargement cf the liver, but affects the Lrain and

HINTS AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT 111

eyesight. Dogs sleeping out of doors should have a warm
kennel ; tarred felt over the top keeps the kennel warm and
water-tight.

Toy and pet dogs, and even small dogs which are not
pets, should sleep in a basket lined with flannel, with a
cushion at the bottom, covered with some washing material,
so that it may be occasionally washed. Doggies love one of
those small coloured blankets put into their bed which
they may curl themselves into.

Toy terriers and Italian greyhounds are such chilly
animals, that it is well to give them in cold weather little
coverings made like horse-cloths. Pet dogs require plenty
of exercise, but not enough to fatigue them.

All dogs suffer more or less in hot weather. They
should be kept in the shade or indoors, and never per-
mitted to run about in the sunshine in the warmest part of
the day. Dogs often suffer from headaches when the liver
is out of order, or after much excitement.

Feeding

_ All dogs, being carnivorous animals, require a certain
amount of cooked meat, and, as a general rule, a well-
amalgamated mixture of animal and vegetable food is the
most healthy diet for dogs of all ages, breeds, and con-
ditions. For toy dogs the food should always be finely
cut up. All dogs, large and small, should have two meals
a day, and if the latter are dainty feeders, like most house
pets, a third is not too much, as nothing is worse than
letting them fast for many hours together. Bones are
indigestible ; besides, splinters are apt to penetrate some
of the internal organs; milk is heavy, and unless boiled is
apt to produce worms ; fish causes biliousness and nausea;
salt meat produces eczema and other skin complaints.
House dogs should have only a little meat and no fatty’
substances. As for small dogs, itis not well always to give
meat; but still there is much more disease caused by ex-
clusive biscuit-feeding than ever results trom meat dict.

112 DOGS

Let them have plenty of water and a little tea—dogs love
tea. Itis a mistake to put a lump of sulphur in their
water, as it is perfectly indissoluble, and they dislike the
look of it besides. When sulphur is given, it should be
given in the form of flour of sulphur, and sprinkled over
their food. Charcoal biscuits should be given to dogs
occasionally—they purify the system—or a little powdered
charcoal may be sprinkled in their food.

Though dogs should have two meals a day, care must
be taken that their living is not too high. Pet dogs
which are indulged in rich and luxurious living and seldom
given exercise rarely live to a good old age, and are
especially liable in that case to asthma or apoplexy, or
grow so unwieldy that their lives are not only a burden
to themselves, but to all around them. Toy dogs should
never have bones. They should be fed in the middle of
the day on a mixture of bread, vegetables, and a little
meat, from 3 oz. to 34 oz., soaked in gravy, and in the
evening give half a Spratt pet-dog biscuit soaked in gravy.

Out-of-Door Dogs

The best bed for dogs is hay or straw, and the floor of
the house or shed should be strewed with peat-moss litter,
so that all impurities may be absorbed and the odour
rendered more easily removed. Plenty of Sanitas or Jeyes’
disinfectant should be used, the floors, beds, and all wood-
work sprinkled with it every other day, and every kennel
and yard scoured out once a week; and twice a year the
kennels and sheds should be whitewashed with lime white-
wash, with which carbolic acid should be mixed. Some
people use a little paraffin oil put into the whitewash
mixture, as a certain death for fleas, &c.

Enamelled iron water-troughs should be used, as they
can be rinsed out daily, and in hot weather twice a day ;
the food-troughs kept perfectly clean and well scrubbed.

It is, to my thinking, a great mistake to keep dogs
chained. Iron fencing is much better to fence round the

OUT-OF-DOOR DOGS 1138

yard. I think, also, that it would be better if all large
dogs had kennels made according to Spratt’s designs.

Mr. Shaw, in his book, speaking of how bad draughts
are for dogs and how the ordinary kennel is full of draughts,
suggests that the entrance hole should be placed at the
side instead of at the end, and that the sides should be
made movable so that the kennel may be well cleaned
and washed with disinfectants. In cold weather an old
sack should be nailed on at the entrance, so as to form a
curtain to prevent snow or rain penetrating inside.

Treatment of Sick Dogs

Many patients fall victims either to indifference or
disobedience of orders in illness. Physic is of no use, and
frequently harmful, if the patient is neglected. With good
nursing the dog may recover with little or no medicine;
without it, it will die. By good nursing let it be under-
stood that the same nursing given to a human being should
be carried out for the animal. There should be perfect
ventilation and plenty of pure air, a comfortable bed with-
out draught, extreme cleanliness, with good and proper
food, which should be made very tempting. Ifa dog refuses
food, take the food away and bring it fresh, and set before it
after a little while, and so on, till the poor sick dog takes it up.
If dog-owners think it is too much trouble to look after their
dogs they had much better not keep any. Dogs are very
nervous creatures, and therefore it is most essential attention
should be paid to the details of nursing them in illness.

There are many persons who often require temporary
homes for their dogs, and also a hospital when sick, as one
constantly finds people who keep dogs, and are really fond
of them, but who are quite at sea in canine maladies; and
these persons can find both a home and a hospital at
Spratts’ Sanitorium at Beddington, in which there is ac-
commodation for a hundred dogs, each dog having a separate
kennel, ranging from six feet by three in size for small

I

114 DOGS

dogs to eight feet by four for large ones, and there are
even larger ones, eight feet by five, having a run of ten feet
by five outside. The first set of kennels is devoted to pet
and delicate dogs, and is in a large well-ventilated room.
There is a plentiful supply of pure water and fresh air;
the atmosphere is maintained at an equable temperature
by means of a system of hot-water pipes; the food is care-
fully prepared and cooked by steam. There is a ward
entirely dedicated to dogs suffering from diseases of the skin;
also an accident ward, surgery, and operating room; and
also one for dogs whose owners were from home or abroad,
and who prefer them being well cared for than left to
servants, who, as a rule, grudge them care and attention.

For big dogs there are some very spacious out-of-door
kennels. No dogs are chained up. ‘There is a residential
veterinary surgeon’ all the men in charge of the kennels
are perfectly experienced. The whole is under the personal
management and surveillance of Mr. Alfred Sewell, of
55 Elizabeth Street, Eaton Square, the celebrated vet., who
is quite at the top of the profession. There are four-and-a-
half acres of exercising grounds. There is also a bath-room
fitted with hot and cold water supply. There is also a
special department in which dogs are dipped, combed,
brushed, and washed.

The maternity ward must not be omitted, for it is most
interesting to see the mothers and their little ones of
different ages and sizes.

I advise every one who has not seen this valuable home
to pay it a visit, for it is quite worth it, and those that have
cherished pets and do not understand their ailments cannot
do better than send them thither. Not that I would do
so, as I prefer nursing the dear things myself, having
had much experience with them, and I feel their recovery
would be retarded if away from me and home. Dogs have
such faithful loving hearts that they grieve for the sight
of their beloved masters or mistresses.

Before concluding this notice, though perhaps it is
irrelevant to the subject, I must make a few remarks

TREATMENT OF SICK DOGS 115

respecting dogs travelling by rail, and advise all owners
of small and valuable dogs to provide comfortable padded
travelling-baskets for them, as the discomforts they go
through and the fright they suffer often cause nervous
diseases in dogs, from which they do not always recover, be-
sides the risk of catching infectious diseases, mange and dis-
temper in particular. The railway companies ought to be
made to provide comfortable berths for their canine pas-
sengers; and as so much has been written at various
times, and again quite recently, about the disgraceful
accommodation provided for dogs, it is surprising the
railway companies have not altered their arrangements;
for, as a rule (there are one or two exceptions, of course),
only small, dark, badly-ventilated holes, placed generally
over the brake of the train, are provided, in which the poor
creatures are half stifled and frightened to death. One
often reads of dogs being taken out dead at the end of the
journey. No water is given them. It is a most inhuman
arrangement, and no valuable dog should be allowed to
travel in such a disgraceful way—the tariff for which is
very high. There are proper horse-boxes. Why nota com-
partment fitted up for dogs, with comfortable rugs, pans of
water, and, instead of chaining them, have compartments
with doors, and plenty of ventilation, the compartments
well cleansed and disinfected three times a week? Ofcourse
toy dogs should be provided with padded baskets if sent
per rail, and care should be taken not to place parcels
and boxes on the top of them in the luggage van, which
I have seen. Ladies travelling could always take their
doggies with them, if they had nice baskets for them,
though often even to that there are disagreeables attached;
and I saw a very good suggestion just lately—that the
railway companies should set apart one carriage for dog-
owners who wish their animals to travel with them, as
dog possessors are always sympathetic with one another—
I do not mean for the very large dogs, as they would be
better in comfortable compartments, and there would be no
fear of annoying fellow-passengers such as that exquisite

116 DOGS

mortal (a man) who has been making himself ridiculous
by the rare twaddle he has been writing about unwashed
and slobbering dogs travelling with ladies. Anyhow, they
cannot be so bad as those smoking-carriages, where the
smokers spit about so disgracefully. There are smokers’
carriages, ‘ladies-only’ carriages, and invalid carriages
and dining cars, and there ought to be one for ladies’ dogs.

Dogs in Pup

Gestation lasts 63 days. Feed on broth and sloppy
food the last 10 days; before the dog whelps, let her have
plenty of gentle exercise; at the end of the sixth week she
must not be allowed to over-exert herself or jump off or
on chairs, &c. Give early in the morning a dessert-spoonful
of castor oil a week before the 63 days. Provide a low
bed a yard square, with an edge all round about 5 in. high,
and a strip of old carpet at the bottom, and then fasten
down; then lay 2 or 3 in. of clean soft hay on the top.
For 15 days pups require no sustenance except from the
mother, but after that they should receive a saucerful of
mutton broth or weak beef-tea, thickened with a dessert-
spoonful of oatmeal, and some crumbled breadcrumbs.
After another week a little boiled rice instead of the oat-
meal, and some tiny bits of mutton may be added. Feed
the mother twice a day till pups are 6 weeks old, and then
they should be weaned. Feed her on dry food the last
week before weaning, and afterwards with plenty of green
vegetables, to cool her after the puppies are weaned. If
the mother’s coat comes off unduly after the event, give
twice a week a teaspoonful of Parrish’s Chemical Food in
the food for 2 or 3 weeks.

Foster-Mothers

Where it is necessary to give a foster-mother, see that
she is clean and healthy-looking in her skin,

FOSTER-MOTHERS 117

The following method is the best for transferring the
pups :—Put some of the litter which the foster-mother is
to adopt into a warm basket where she has been lying;
then take all her pups away, mix them up with those she
is to suckle, and return the lot back into the basket and
let them remain there two or three hours, during which
time take the foster-mother out for an hour so that her
teats will become sore and distended with milk. On her
return, the pups should be put into the basket and the
foster-mother should be put with them, and most likely
she will allow them to suckle her, but she must be watched.
If she licks all alike she may be safely left with them. If,
however, she pushes the strangers away, muzzle her for 12
hours and watch till she treats them all alike. Next day
her own pups may be removed except one, but at intervals
of two hours hetween each.

Puppies (Hints on)

Pups should remain with their mother till six weeks
old, but not longer, as their sharp little teeth pain her;
but when about a fortnight old, a little bread and gravy
may be given them in the middle of the day, and when a
month old a little very finely-minced mutton can be given
once a day, and morning and evening Spratts’ puppy
biscuits, givendry. Bones should be stewed down to make
their soup with, and they should be kept on this food till
about six months old; also for rearing large dogs there is
nothing better than well-simmered bullock’s feet and
sheep’s head mixed with brown bread and boiled rice. A
large shank bone is a good thing to give them to gnaw
when teething sometimes, but not as a regular thing; and
never give small bones, as they are apt to stick in the throat
and choke them. Puppies are very fond of eating all
kinds of filth and garbage, which must be stopped at once,
as they become often ill in consequence, and it is a good
plan to put them on a soft muzzle whenever they go out
for their airings until the habit has been broken.

118 DOGS

Pups should never be allowed to lie about in the damp,
and if taken out in the damp or rainy weather, they should
be rubbed dry at once with a dry rubber.

Nest for Brood Bitch

Give a box or basket of sufficient size for her to turn
round in easily; it should be rather shallow. Beef-tea
thickened with bread or puppy biscuits for food.

The Dog in Law

The keeping of a vicious dog, except under proper
precautions, is Ulegal. The owner is held liable for all
damage when the injured party is not at fault. If a dog
is addicted to biting, and is allowed to go out unmuzzled
so that it may become a terror, the proprietor may be
indicted as a common nuisance. If a dog is fierce or
ferocious, it must be muzzled according to law. At one
time the law of England was that it was not larceny to
steal any of the lower animals, in which class all dogs,
except valuable ones, were included; but afterwards dog-
stealing was declared to be an offence punishable by a fine,
and during the Victorian reign has been made an act of
misdemeanour. For the first offence, on summary con-
viction, six months’ hard labour, or a fine not exceeding
201. beyond the value of the dog. The second offence is
an indictable one, punished by fine or imprisonment and
hard labour, not exceeding eighteen months, or both.
There is a similar punishment for those persons found in
possession of dogs or dogs’ skins knowing them to be stolen.
If a dog strays into a neighbour’s field and does not commit
mischief, there is no ground for an action for trespass, and
even when he does do harm the person who kills him may
in certain circumstances be liable for damages.

INDEX

ABSCESSES, 69

Accidents, 100

Ailments, 69 e¢ seq.

Anecdotes, 63

Asthma, 69

Bad breath, 102

Basset hounds, 6

Beagles, 6

Bites, 100, 102

Bloodhounds, 7

— anecdotes of, 8

Blotch. See Surfeit

Boarhounds (German), 8

Boils. See Abscesses

Bowels, inflammation of.
Enteritis

Breeds, different, 4 et seg.

Bronchitis, 71

Bruises, &c., 100

Bulldogs, 9

— anecdotes of, 10

Canker, 71

Choking, 101

Chorea, 73

Chow-chows, 11

Cleanliness, to teach, 108

Cold, for a, 102

Colic, 74

Collies, 11

— anecdotes of, 12 e¢ seq.

Constipation of bowels, 74

Cough drops, 75

Coughs, 74, 103

Dachshunds, 16

Dalmatian, or plum-pudding dog,
17

Dandie Dinmont, 52

Deafness, 75

Deerhounds, 18

Diabetes. See Dropsy

Diarrhoea, 75

Dislocations, 100

See

Distemper, 77

Dog in law, 118

Dog’s Sunday, 67

Dogs, to destroy, 103

Dogs travelling by rail, 116
Dressing for coats, 103

Dropsy, 80
Dyspepsia. See Indigestion
Eczema. See Mange

Hmaciation, 80

Enteritis, 80

Esquimaux dog, 62

— — anecdotes of, 62

Eyeball, tilm over, 81

Eyes, weak, 81

Feeding, 111

Feet, cracked, 81

Fits, 81

Foreign dogs, 62

Foster-mothers, 116

Foxhounds, 18

— anecdote of, 19

Fractures, 100

Greyhound, English, 20

— — anecdotes of, 21

— Italian, 20

— Scotch, 21

Harriers, 23

Hints and general management
110

Homes for dogs, 3

Hot weather, 112

Hydrophobia, to prevent, 104

Indigestion, 82

Jaundice, 83

Kennels, 105

Lion Dogue of Bordeaux, 24

Liver, 84

Lungs, inflammation of, 84

Lurchers, 24

Maltese dogs, 24

Mange, 84

120

Mange, red, 86

Mastiffs, 24

— anecdotes of, 26
Musical terriers, 65
Nasal gleet, 88

Nest for brood bitch, 118
Newfoundlands, 27

— anecdotes of, 28
Obesity, 88

Ophthalmia, 88

— catarrhal, 89

Otter hound, 30
Out-of-door dogs, 112
Paralysis, 89

Physic, to give, 108
Pleurisy, 90
Pointers, 30
Poisoning, 105
Pomeranian or Spitz, 31
Poodles, 32

— anecdotes of, 34

— shaving, 33

Psoriasis, 90

Ptyalism, 90

Pugs, 35

— Japanese, 36

Pup, dogs in, 116

Puppies’ ears, 104

— hints on, 117

Rabies, 90

Recipes, miscellaneous, 103
Retrievers, 36

— anecdotes of, 37
Rheumatism, 93
Rickets, 94

Royal dog lovers, 4
Russian setters, 37
St. Bernards, 37
— anecdotes, 39
St. Vitus’s dance.
Schipperkes, 40
Scratching, 106
Setters, 41

— Gordon, 41

— Irish, 42

Sick dogs, 113
Skin diseases. See Mange, and 105
Snoring, 107

See Chorea

DOGS

Sores, 95

Spaniels, black, 45

— Blenheim, 42

— Clumber, 45

— Cocker, 46

— — anecdotes of, 4

— Field, 44

— King Charles, 43

— — anecdotes of, 4

— Norfolk, 46

— Ruby, 43

— Sussex, 46

— Water, 47

— — Jrish, 48

— — — anecdotes of, 48

Sprains, 107

Staghounds, 18

Stings, 107

Surfeit, 87

Terriers, Aberdeen, 49

— Airedale, 49

— Bedlington, 49

— Black and Tan, 50

— Bull, 61

— Dandie Dinmont, 52

— Fox, 53

— Irish, 55

— Manchester.
Tan

— Scotch, 56

—— Skye, 57

— — anecdotes of, 58

— Toy Black and Tan, 59

— — Blue, 59

— Welsh, 59

— Yorkshire, 60

Tonic pills after distemper, 79

Training, 108

Tricks, to teach, 109

Truffle dog, 61

Tumours, 95

Vermin, 107

Vomiting, 96

Washing dogs, 109

Whippets, 61

Wolfhounds (Irish), 61

Worms, 96

Wounds, treatment of, 99

See Black and

Spottiswoode & Co. Printers, New-street Square, London.