Cornell University Library
QK 166.S87

A list of pla

wna AT
1924 000 399 141

3

A LIST

OF

PLANTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION

Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden Counties

MASSACHUSETTS

By GEORGE E. STONE,
Professor of Botany at the Massachusetts Agricultural Coilege

‘$MHERST, MASS, ;
PRESS OF CARPENTER & MOREHOUSE
1913

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000399141

A LIST

OF

PLANTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION

IN

Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden Counties

» MASSACHUSETTS

By GEORGE E. STONE,

Professor of Botany at the Massachusetts Agricultural College

{

AMHERST, MASS.
PRESS OF CARPENTER & MOREHOUSE

1913

S87

bef , /[

Additions and Corrections.

CA) Diu | Sy

The following plants are introduced instead of native, as indicated

in the text:

Amaranthus HYBRIDUS L. and forma HYPOCHONDRIACUS L.,, p. 26.
Melilotus OFFICINALIS (L.) Lam., p. 38.

Insert p. 29, after R. abortivus L.:
Ranculatus abortivus L. var. eucyclus Fernald. Springfield,
L. Andrews.

Insert p. 31, after Alyssum :
Thlaspi ARVENSE L. Springfield, L. Andrews.

Insert p. 32, after S. offictnale (L.) Scop. var. letzocarpum DC. :
Sisymbrium ALTISSIMUM L. Springfield, L. Andrews.

The first effort toward a systematic study of the native plants of
this region was made by Pres. Edward Hitchcock! about 1817. The
results of his explorations were published in 1829, and for many years
very little was added to this list except what Prof. Tuckerman and
others published in contemporary scientific journals. In 1875 Prof.
Edward Tuckerman, ? who for many years occupied the chair of his-
tory and botany in Amherst College, published his “ Flora-Amherst-
iensis,”’ in co-operation with Mr. Charles C. Frost, of Brattleboro,
Vermont. This list is based on Pres. Hitchcock’s previous catalogue,
but is much more extensive, including as it does an elaborate list of
mosses, liverworts, lichens and fungi, and in allit contains nearly 3,000
species and varieties. It is unusually complete for its day, and repre-
sents the work of skilled observers and systematists.

Besides being largely responsible for the flowering plants and vas-
cular cryptogams contained in the Flora, Prof. Tuckerman contrib-
uted a very elaborate list of lichens, a most perplexing group of plants.
He will always be remembered as the American pioneer in the study
of lichens, and was from the first a thorough master of this difficult
group, while he lived having no competitors. Even today his work
remains unsurpassed and ranks as a classic.

The comprehensive list of mosses, liverworts, fungi, etc., was con-
tributed by Mr. Charles C. Frost, and quite a few of the fungi bear
his name as authority. This self-educated man, whose trade was that
of cobbler, spent his leisure moments in the study of these difficult
groups.

In 1887 Dr. N. A. Cobb,* then a teacher of science at Williston
Seminary, but later government pathologist in New South Wales and
now with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., published
a revised edition of Prof. Tuckerman’s catalogue, in which new plants
were added and the boundaries of others not so well known extended.
Since Dr. Cobb’s catalogue in 1887 a few additions to the plants of
the region have been published, appearing largely in Rhodora.

Professional collectors and students from the various educational
institutions located in the Connecticut valley have for years been
active in collecting herbaria, and some new and rare plants have been

1 E. Hitchcock—Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation in the
Vicinity of Amherst College.

> E. Tuckerman—Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation within
Thirty Miles of Amherst College.

2 N, A. Cobb.—A List of Plants Found Growing Wild within Thirty Miles of
Amherst.

iv

brought to light. But since 1875 the study of botany has undergone
many changes, and its present day problems differ greatly from those
of former times. The systematist’s conception of a species has also
changed, a finer discrimination in determining species being required
at the present time. The nomenclature question, the constant split-
ting up of species and the revision of families and genera are render-
ing the subject more perplexing and less fascinating to at least the
true nature loving botanist.

In the present instance it has been our intention to bring the flora
up to date and modify its scope to include the three counties com-
prising the Connecticut valley. These counties, whose boundaries are
fairly uniform, represent a section extending from Connecticut to the
New Hampshire and Vermont lines. The Connecticut valley forms
a distinct area differing quite widely in its soil and climatic conditions
from other sections of the state, the elevation ranging from less than
100 feet to only a few hundred feet. Here the elm reaches its great-
est perfection, and on the higher slopes the rock maple finds its most
congenial environment. The eastern part of the territory resembles
that of Worcester county, and the general elevation ranges from 400
to about 1,200 feet; while the western section, which has an elevation
of 800 to 2,200 or more feet, and which is farther from the coast, re-
sembles in many ways southern Vermont. On the higher elevations
of our western range the golden hawkweed becomes a pest in fields,
as in Vermont, although in the Connecticut valley this plant is not
common enough to be a nuisance. Here, too, the soil conditions are
more primitive, therefore humus plants are found more abundantly
than elsewhere in the state. In this region grow forests of beech and
red spruce, and the balsam fir and hackmatack are common.

The diversified forms of plants which characterize a region and
which we term its flora, represent adaptations to a more or less con-
genial environment, and even during the relatively brief period of
the settlement of New England many of our introduced plants
undoubtedly became modified to a certain extent. Even species
which are adapted to a much warmer climate than our own frequently
prove themselves as hardy as our native species, whereas on the other
hand, quite a few of our native trees, like the sycamore and others,
are often affected by winter killing.

There are many tactors which play an important part in the distri-
bution of plants of which we know little, and the problems involved
are difficult of solution. Variations in the humus content, in the soil
moisture or light intensity, may completely exterminate a species in a
given locality. Continued deforestation has greatly modified our
flora, many species having become rarer. Humus has played a very
important role not only in affecting the predominence of certain

Vv

species but in modifying their growth. Many such species as hem-
lock, canoe birch, beech, hobblebush, round-leaved cornel (Cornus
circinata L’Her) and others find less congenial conditions than for-
merly. The hemlock has declined from a tree second in importance
in the primitive forests to one of slight importance at the present
time. Such plants as Hydrophyllum virginianum and canadense, cer-
tain orchids and many others were no doubt always more or less rare
or local, but at present they are very rare. In colonial times the wild
strawberry was quite abundant in Massachusetts, and even less than
a century ago it was fairly plentiful, but at present it is of no economic:
value except in our western territory. Some of the plants observed
by Dr. Hitchcock nearly a century ago and included in this list have-
not been found since his time, and others have become rare. On the
other hand, deforestation and the consequent cultivation of much of
our soil has modified the environment to such an extent that the wil-
low, birch, goldenrod, aster, violet, bluet, Lespedeza and a host of
others are found more abundantly than formerly, and as Prof. Ezra
Brainerd has pointed out, there is a marked tendency for violets to
hybridize when growing in the open.

Many of our introduced plants were brought from Europe in early
times. Some of them have been growing without much change for
many years, while others have so adapted themselves to our condi-.
tions that they have become troublesome weeds. In the past twenty-
five years many such plants have been introduced through grass seed
and by means of commercial relations with other countries. Many of
the plants which Prof. Tuckerman observed as rare in 1875 are now
common enough, such, for example, as Stellaria graminea L., Digi--
taria humifusa Pers., Leontodon autumnalis L>and Cerastium vulga-
tum L., etc. On the other hand, some of our introduced plants have
not shown any tendency to spread, and in some cases they have ap--
parently not held their own. Among such plants might be mentioned
Tussilago Farfara L., Sedum, buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.),.
various dooryard weeds and plants used for medicinal purposes in
former times, such as lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.), wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium L.), catnip (Nepeta Cataria L.), horseradish
(Radicula Armoracia L.), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L), horehound
(Marrubium vulgare L.), and Canada thistle, which forty years ago.
was considered a more or less serious pest, but is not now trouble-
some. These plants were in former times considered essential by
most well regulated families, but now, along with the lilac, Lombardy
poplar, live-forever and the old garden rose, they may be found per--
sisting under unfavorable conditions, serving merely as landmarks of.
once thriving homesteads.

vi

Some of the more important introduced species not noted by Prof.
Tuckerman, which are more or less common now, are Trifolium hy-
bridum L., golden hawkweed, Bromus tectorum L., Russian thistle
(Salsola), Galinsoga, Berteroa incana (L) DC., Thymus Serpyllum Ls
Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers., Lysimachia Nummularia L., Lychnis
Flos-cuculi L. and Lychnis alba Mill.

Impure seed is the most important factor in the introduction of
harmless and noxious species, and from 75 to 1co or more different
species may occur ina particular sample or lot of grass seed. The
impurities run from 5 to 25 per cent or more, and although frequently
harmless, 10 or 15 per cent of noxious weeds are sometimes present in
grass or clover seed. Since seed are sent from all over the United
States and imported from foreign countries, it follows that a great
variety of plants may be introduced into a particular region. Black
medick, Canada thistle, charlock, chicory, crabgrass, chickweed, dod-
der, various docks and plantains, green foxtail, goosefoot, lady’s
thumb, ragweed, sheep sorrel, wild carrot, witch grass, yellow foxtail
and many others constitute the principal impurities in seed. Dame
and Collins,! in their ‘Flora of Middlesex county,” enumerate 460
naturalized and adventive species and varieties which have become
more or less established in that region.

In the preparation of this list Iam under obligations to different
ones whose names will be found throughout the text. This is espec-
ially true of Mr. Ray E. Torrey, of the 1912 class of this College, who
has rendered valuable assistance all through the work. Mr. Torrey
has also been of great service, from his extensive collecting and criti-
cal knowledge of our flora, in furnishing data in regard to the present
range of certain species.

I am also indebted to Prof. A. Vincent Osmun, my colleague, who
has given much attention to our native ferns and violets, and to Miss
Jessie V. Crocker for assistance in seeing the work through the press.
Dr. W. H. Chapin, of Springfield, has kindly furnished notes in regard
to the plants in that locality, and Mrs. Maria L. Owen’s long experi-
ence in collecting and studying the native plants has been helpful.
Mr. Luman Andrews, of Southington, Connecticut, who is at present
making an exhaustive study of the plants about Springfield, has fur-
nished a large amount of data concerning new finds, as well as extend-
ing our knowledge of the range of other species. Mr. Andrews’ her-
barium has been presented to the Springfield Science Museum, where
it is well arranged, and it is anticipated that he will add greatly to it
in the future. We have also had access to the herbarium of the
Springfield Science Museum, which besides the already referred to
Luman Andrews collection, contains that of the Springfield Botanical

1 L. Dame and F, S, Collins, “ Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 1888,

Vi

Society ; and, in addition, we have consulted the herbaria of Mt. Hol-
yoke and Amherst Colleges, and the Knowlton herbarium of the
Massachusetts Agricultural College. The mosses, liverworts, lichens,
fungi and Characeae have been purposely omitted from this list.
The list of lichens in Prof. Tuckerman’s catalogue is one of the most
complete and authentic published, but the list of fungi, Characeae,
etc., contributed by Mr. Frost is of little value as it stands today, since
much progress has been made in the study of these groups since his
time.

This list would possess much less value were it not for the work of
my predecessors, and frequent reference has been made to Pres. Ed-
ward Hitchcock!, Prof. Edward Tuckerman’, Prof. H. G. Jesup’, Col.
W.S. Clark’, Dr. N. A. Cobb and others, who have contributed to
the previous lists of this region.

I have endeavored to differentiate between indigenous (native), nat-
uralized, and adventive species (introduced but not permanently estab-
lished), by putting the naturalized species in capitals and the adven-
tive in italics, although there may be some errors in judgment as to
which are adventive and which naturalized in our range.

The nomenclature and arrangement of families, etc., follows Gray’s
Manual, seventh edition, although we have in some instances referred
to Britton & Brown’s North American Flora, and Prof. L. H. Bailey's
Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.

This list contains in all 1190 native and 303 naturalized and adven-
tive species, a total of 1493.

GEORGE EDWARD STONE.

Amherst, Mass., Feb. 15, 1913.

1 Edward Hitchcock, A. M., D. D., LL. D., 1793—1864. Professor Chemistry
and Natural History Amherst College, 1825—1845. President, 1845—1854. State
Geologist, 1830—1864. Emeritus Professor Geology Amherst College, until 1864.
Pioneer in American geological research.

2 Edward Tuckerman, B. A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., 1817—1886. Lecturer and
Professor Oriental History Amherst College, 1854—1873. Professor Botany, 1858—
1886, Pioneer in American lichenology.

3 Henry Griswold Jesup, M. A., 1826—1903. Professor Botany Dartmouth
Coliege, 1877—1899.

4 William Smith Clark, M. A., Ph.D., LL.D., 1826—1886. Professor Chemis-
try, Botany and Zoology Amherst College. 1852-1867. Colonel Civil War, 1862.
President and Professor Botany and Horticulture, Mass, Agr. College, 1867—1879.

PTERIDOPHYTA
(Ferns and Fern Allies)

POLYPODIACEAE

Polypodium [Tourn.] L. Polypody.
vulgare L. Common Polypody.
Phegopteris [Presl.] Fée. Beech Fern.
polypodioides Fée.
hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée.
Dryopteris (L.) Fée. Oak Fern.
Adiantum [Tourn.] L. Maidenhair Fern.
pedatum L.
Pteris L. Brake or Bracken.
aquilina L. Common Brake.
Pellaea Link. Cliff Brake.
atropurpurea (L.) Link. Mt. Toby; Gorge and near Titan’s
piazza, Mt. Holyoke, Mrs. C. S. Phelps; Wilbra-
ham, Dr. W. H, Chapin; Mt. Tom; Mt. Sugar
Loaf.
Cryptogramma R. Br. Rock Brake.
Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl. Mt. Toby.
Woodwardia Sm. Chain Fern.
virginica (L.) Sm. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin; Belchertown,
South Hadley.
areolata (L.) Moore. Hadley, H. G. Jesup; Deerfield, E.
Hitchcock.
Asplenium L. Spleenwort.
Trichomanes L.
platyneuron L. Oakes.
Ruta-muraria L. Wall Rue. Mt. Toby.
angustifolium Michx. Mt. Toby, Mt. Tom and vicinity.
acrostichoides Sw. Amherst, South Hadley, etc.
Filix-femina (L.) Bernh. Lady Fern.
Camptosorus Link. Walking Leaf.
rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Mt. Toby, etc., Mt. Holyoke[Gorge] Mrs.
C.S. Phelps; Wilbraham, Dr. W. H. Chapin.
Polystichum Roth.
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern.
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. var. schweinitzii (Beck.) Small.
Not rare.
Aspidium Sw. Shield Fern. Wood Fern.
2

A. Thelypteris (L.) Sw.
simulatum Davenp. Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun.
noveboracense (L.) Sw.
marginale (L.) Sw.
Goldianum Hook. Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins; Mt. Toby; Notch, Mt.
Holyoke, A. V. Osmun.
Boottii Tuckerm. Mt. Toby.
cristatum (L) Sw.
cristatum L. Sw. var. clintonianum D.C. Eaton. Mt. Toby, etc.
spinulosum (O. F. Miller) Sw. Mt. Toby, etc
spinulosum (O. F. Miiller) Sw. var. intermedium (Muhl.) D. C.
Eaton. Mt. Toby, etc.
spinulosum (O. F. Miiller) Sw. var. dilitatum (Hoffm.) Hook.
Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun.
Cystopteris Bernhardi. Bladder Fern.
bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Mt. Toby, Sunderland, etc.
fragilis (L.) Bernh. Springfield, S. Stebbins; Mt. Holyoke; Sun-
derland, etc.
Woodsia R. Brown.
ilvensis (L.) R. Brown.
obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.
Dicksonia L’Hér.
punctilobula (Michx.) Gray. Hay-scented Fern.
Onoclea L.
sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern.
Struthiopteris (L.) Hoffman. Ostrich fern. This fern in Mass.
attains its maximum development in the Conn.
valley reaching a height of 7 feet or more.

SCHIZAEACEAE

Lygodium Swartz. Climbing Fern.
palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Local.

OSMUNDACEAE

Osmunda [Tourn] L. Flowering Fern.
regalis L.
Claytoniana L.
cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Ophioglossum [Tourn.] L. Adder’s Tongue. .
vulgatum L.
Botrychium Swartz. Moonwort.
simplex E. Hitchcock. Conway, 1°. Hitchcock: Plainfield, etc.,
Porter ; Mt. Toby.

3

B. lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstroem. var. angustisegmentum Pease

& Moore. Amherst, L. B. Tuckerman; Conway,
H.G. Jesup; Mt. Toby, Sumner C. Brooks; Hol-
yoke Range, A. V. Osmun.

ramosum (Roth.) Ashers Conway, etc.,H. G. Jesup; Mt. Toby,
T. O. Fuller in Rhodora, Vol. I11., p. 144: Spring-
field, Dr. W. H. Chapin.

obliquum Muhl.

obliquum Muhl. var. dissectum Spreng.

ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz var. intermedium D. C. Eaton.

virginianum (L.) Swartz. Rattlesnake Fern.

EQUISETACEAE

Equisetum [Tourn.] L. Horsetail.
arvense L. Common Horsetail.
arvense forma decumbens, Springfield.
sylvaticum L.
fluviatile L. Pipes.
hyemale L. Scouring Rush.
hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. Springfield, L.

Andrews.
variegatum Schleich. var. Jesupi A. A. Eaton. Conway, H.G.
Jesup.

scirpoides Michx. Plainfield, Porter; Colrain, E. F. Williams
in Lhodora, Vol. NIL., p. 170.

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium L. Club moss.
Selago L. Mt Holyoke, Freeman in Rhodora Vol. V., p. 290.
lucidulum Michx.
inundatum L. Amherst, etc.
annotinum L.
clavatum L. Common Club Moss.
clavatum L. var. monostachyon Grev. & Hook.
obscurum L.
obscurum L. var. dendroideum (Michx.) D.C. Eaton.
sabinaefolium \Villd. Tuckerman.
complanatum L.
complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fernald. Ground Pine.
tristachyum Pursh.
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella Beauv.
rupestris (L.) Spring.
apus (L.) Spring.

4

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes L. Quillwort.
echinospora Durieu. var. Brauni (Dur.) Engelm.
Eatoni Dodge.
Gravesii A. A. Eaton.
Engelmanni A. Br. Other forms of Isoetes exist in this region
but they have not been sufficiently studied.

SPERMATOPHYTA
(Seed Plants.)

GYMNOSPERMAE

TAXACEAE
Taxus [Tourn.] L. Yew.

canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlock.

PINACEAE
Pinus [Tourn.] L. Pine.
Strobus L. White Pine.
rigida Mill. Pitch Pine.
SYLVESTRIS L. Scotch Pine. Escaped from cultivation and es-
tablished abundantly in some localities.
resinosa Ait. Red Pine. Locally distributed.
Larix [Tourn.] Adans. Larch. American Larch, Tamarack, Hack-
matack.
laricina (DuRoi) Koch.
decidua Mill. Amherst, escaped from cultivation.
Picea Link. Spruce.
rubra (DuRoi) Dietr. Red Spruce. Occasionally found on
high elevations. Much less abundant in our
region than Worcester and Berkshire counties.
mariana (Mill.) BPS. Black or Bog Spruce. Found in cold
bogs and swamps.
abies (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce. Occasionally escaped from
cultivation.
Abies [Tourn.] Hill. Fir.
balsamea (L.) Miller. Balsam or Balm-of-Gilead Fir. Generally
distributed but not common.
Tsuga (Endl.) Carriére. Hemlock.
canadensis (L.) Carr.
Chamaecyparis Spach. White Cedar, Cypress.
thyoides (L.) BSP. Springfield.
Juniperus [Tourn.] L. Juniper.
communis L. Common Juniper.
communis L. var. depressa Pursh. Three distinct types of Juni-
peris communis are found in this region; a low
form var. depressa; a more or less erect form con-
sidered as the type; and a tree-like form corres-
ponding to J. communis var. erecta Pursh. See
Mrs. E. H. Terry, Rhodora, Vol. IIL, p. 146.
virginiana L. Red Cedar or Savin. Variable in form and color.

ANGIOSPERMAE

MONOCOTYLEDONEAE

TYPHACEAE

Typha [Tourn.] L. Cat-tail Flag.
latifolia L. Common Cat-tail.
angustifolia L. Belchertown near B. & M.R. R. station, S.C.
Brooks.

SPARGANIACEAE

Sparganium [Tourn.] L. Bur-reed.
eurycarpum Engelm.
americanum Nutt. Bay street, Springfield, L. Andrews.
simplex Huds.

NAJADACEAE

Potamogeton [Tourn.] L. Pondweed.
natans L.
Oakesianus Robbins.
epihydrus Raf.
alpinus Balbis.
americanus C.&S. Conn. river, etc.
pulcher Tuckerm. South pond, Belchertown, E. Tuckerman.
amplifolius Tuckerm.
heterophyllus Schreb.
heterophyllus forma graminifolius (Fries) Morong.
lucens L. Leverett pond. E. Tuckerman.
praelongus Wulf.
perfoliatus L.
zosterifolius Schumacher.
obtusifolius Mertens and Koch. Forge pond, Granby, E. Tucker-

man.

pusillus L.
foliosus Raf.
hybridus Michx.
dimorphus Raf.
pectinatus L. Conn. river, E. Tuckerman.
Robinsii Oakes.

Najas L. Naiad.
flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt.

7

JUNCAGINACEAE
Scheuchzeria L.

palustris L. Belchertown ponds, Bradley pond, Springfield, S.

Stebbins.

ALISMACEAE

Sagittaria L. Arrow-head.
latifolia Willd. Passing into many forms.
heterophylla Pursh.
graminea Michx.

Alisma L. Water Plantain.
Plantago-aquatica L.

HY DROCHARITACEAE

Elodea Michx. Water-weed.
canadensis Michx. Conn. river, etc.
Vallisneria [Mich] L. Tape Grass, Eel Grass.
spiralis L, Conn. river, etc.

-GRAMINEAE

Andropogon [Royen] L. Beard Grass.

scoparius Michx.

virginicus L. Ambherst.

furcatus Muhl.
Sorghastrum Nash.

nutan (L.) Nash. Indian Grass, Wood Grass.
Digitaria Scop. Finger Grass.

filiformis (L.) Koeler.

HUMIFUSA Pers. This and the preceding species constitute very

troublesome lawn grasses.
SANGUINALIS (L.) Scop. Crab Grass.
Paspalum L.
setaceum Michx.
Panicum L. Panic Grass.

verrucosum Muhl. Springfield, island in Red House Pond.
Scribner & Merrill in Rhodora, Vol. III., p. 103.

capillare L. Old-witch Grass.

philadelphicum Bernh. Southwick, C. H. Bissell, Rhodora, V.

13, P. 54-

miliaceum L. European Millet. Waste places. Springfield,

Dr. W. H. Chapin.

dichotomiflorum Michx. Amherst, E. Tuckerman; Agawam,

Scribner & Merrill, Rhodora, Vol. IIL, p. 104.
virgatum L. Switch Grass.
agrostoides Spreng.
depauperatum Muhl.

8

P. linearifolium Scribn. Springfield, L. Andrews.
dichotomum L.
huachucae Ashe. var. silvicola Hitchc. & Chase.
Scribnerianum Nash. Mt. Holyoke, Scribner & Merrill in
Rhodora, Vol. IIL, p. 112.
xanthophysum Gray. Amherst, H.G. Jesup; Springfield, Dr.
W.H. Chapin. See Scribner & Merrill in 2ho-
dora, Vol. IIL, p. 109.
clandestinum L.
latifolium L.
Echinochloa Beauv.
CRUSGALLI (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass.
Jrumentacea (Roxb.) Link.
Setaria Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass.
GLAUCA (L.) Beauv. Foxtail, Pigeon Grass.
VIRIDIS (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail, Bottle Grass.
ITALICA (L) Beauv. German Millet or Hungarian Grass.
Cenchrus L. Sandbur, Bur Grass. Amherst, Hadley, Springfield.
carolinianus Walt.
Zizania (Gronov.) L. Indian Rice, Water Oats.
palustris L. Northampton, Tuckerman & Jesup; Long-
meadow, C. S. Plumb; Springfield, Dr. W. H.
Chapin; Amherst.
Leersia Swartz. Cut-grass, White Grass.
virginica Willd. White Grass.
oryzoides (L.) Swartz. Rice Cut-grass.
Phalaris L. Canary Grass.
canariensis L. In waste places.
arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass. Generally distributed.
arundinacea L. var. PIctA L. Ribbon Grass. Persistent
near old dwellings.
Anthoxanthum L. Sweet Vernal Grass.
ODORATUM L.
Puelit Lecog & Lamotte. Mass. Agr. College.
Hierochloe (Gmel.) R. Br. Holy Grass.
odorata (L.) Wahlenb. Vanilla Grass. Agawam, Dr. W. H.
Chapin.
Oryzopsis Michx. Mountain Rice.
pungens (Torr.) Hitchc.
asperifolia Michx.
racemosa (Sm.) Ricker.
Aristida L. Triple-awned Grass.
dichotoma Michx. Poverty Grass.
purpurascens Poir. Mt. Holyoke, E. Hitchcock; W. Spring-
field, Dr. J. W. Robbins.

Muhlenbergia Schreber.
sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin.
tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP.
sylvatica Torr.
mexicana (L.) Trin.
racemosa (Michx.) BSP.
Schreberi J. F. Gmel. Drop-seed, Nimble Will. Amherst, H. G.
Jesup ; South Hadley.
capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Hair Grass. Sugarloaf; Mt. Holyoke.
Brachyelytrum Beauv.
erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
Phleum L.
PRATENSE L. Timothy, Herd’s Grass.
Alopecurus L. Foxtail Grass.
PRATENSIS L. Meadow Foxtail.
geniculatus L. Floating Foxtail.
geniculatus L. var. artstulatus Torr. Amherst, etc. E. Tuck-
erman ; also by H. G. Jesup.
Sporobolus R. Br. Drop-seed. Rush Grass.
vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood.
uniflorus (Muhl.) Scribn. & Merr.
Agrostis L. Bent Grass.
ALBA L. White Bent Grass.
ALBA L. var. VULGARIS (With.) Thurb. Red Top.
hyemalis (Walt.) BSP.
perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin Grass.
CANINA L. Rhode Island Bent Grass. In lawns, etc.
Calamagrostis Adans. Reed Bent Grass.
canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Blue-joint Grass.
inexpansa Gray. Lock’s Pond, Shutesbury; H. L. Clark, in Rho-
dora, Vol. I, p. 165.
cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton.
Cinna L. Wood Reed Grass.
arundinacea L.
Holcus L.
LANATUS L. Velvet Grass.
Sphenopholis Scribn.
obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.
pallens (Spreng.) Scribn.
palustris (Michx.) Scribn. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal.
Trisetum Persoon. Nonotuck, E. Tuckerman.
spicatum (L.) Richter. Deerfield, H. G. Jesup.
flavescens (L.) R.&S. Introduced in grass-seed.

10

Deschampsia Beauv.
flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hair Grass.
cazspitosa (L.) Beauv. Hadley meadows, E. Tuckerman; Mt.
Toby, H. G. Jesup.
Avena (Tourn.) L. Oat.
sativa L. Waste places.
Arrhenatherum Beauv. Oat Grass.
elatius (L.) Beauv. Tall Oat Grass.
Danthonia DC. Wild Oat Grass.
spicata (L.) Beauv.
compressa Aust. Shutesbury, etc. H. G. Jesup.
sericea Nutt. Easthampton, Dr. N. A. Cobb.
Spartina Schreb. Cord or Marsh Grass.
Michauxiana Hitche. Slough Grass. Shores of Connecticut
River, E. Tuckerman.
Cynodon Richard. Bermuda or Scutch Grass.
Dactylon (L.)Pers. Amherst and Springfield.
Eleusine Gaertn. Goose Grass. Yard Grass.
indica Gaertn. Amherst, rare, E. Hitchcock; Springfield, Mrs.
M. E. Owen. Observed year after year.
PhragmitesTrin. Reed.
communis Trin. South Amherst, E. Hitchcock.
Tridens R.& S.
flavus (L.) Hitche. Tall Red Top. Sugarloaf, E. Hitchcock.
Eragrostis Beauv.
hypnoides (Lam.) BSP.
capillaris (L.) Nees.
pilosa (L.) Beauv. Amherst, E. Tuckerman; Springfield, Dr.
W.H. Chapin and elsewhere.
MEGASTACHYA (Koeler) Link.
minor Host. Amherst, rare, E. Tuckerman, 1875; more com-
mon since.
pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.
Briza L. Quaking Grass.
media L. Amherst, rare, E. Tuckerman, 1875.
Dactylis L. Orchard Grass.
GLOMERATA L.
Poa L. Meadow Grass. Spear Grass.
ANNUA L. Low Spear Grass.
COMPRESSA L. Canada Blue Grass. Wire Grass.
triflora Gilib. Fowl Meadow Grass.
pratensis L. June Grass, Spear Grass. Kentucky Blue Grass.
TRIVIALIS L. Rough-stalked Meadow Grass.

II

P. alsodes,Gray. North Amherst, H. L. Clark, in Rhodora,
Vol. I, p. 165.
nemoralis L. Hitchc. Catal ?
Glyceria R. Br. Manna Grass.
Torreyana (Spreng) Hitchc.
canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Grass.
nervata (Willd.) Trin. Fowl Meadow Grass.
grandis Watson. Reed Meadow Grass.
pallida (Torr.) Trin.
fluitans (L.) R. Br.
acutiflora Torr. Amherst, E. Tuckerman ; Springfield.
Festuca L. Fescue Grass.
octoflora Walt.
OvVINA L. Sheep’s Fescue.
OVINA L. var. durzuscula (L.) Hoch.
OVINA L, var. CAPILLATA (Lam.) Hoch.
ELATIOR L. Taller or Meadow Fescue.
nutans Spreng. Mt. Tom.
Bromus L. Brome Grass.
secalinus L. Cheat or Chess Grass. Grain fields ; introduced in.
seed.
tectorum L. Waste places, local; more common near the coast..
ciliatus L.
Kalmii Gray. Wild Chess Grass.
Nardus L. Mat Grass.
stricta L. Amherst, E. Tuckerman, 1871 ; mowings, Mt. Hermon
(Gill.) See Britton and Brown Flora, Vol. I,
Pp. 224.
Lolium L. Darnel.
PERENNE L. Common Darnel, Perennial Ray or Rye Grass.
Agropyron Gaertn.
REPENs L. Beauv. Couch, Quitch, Quick or Witch Grass.
caninum (L.) Beauv. Awned Wheat Grass. Mt. Holyoke, Lev-
erett, etc., E. Tuckerman.
Elymus L. Lyme Grass. Wild Rye.
virginicus L.
canadensis L.
striatus Willd.
Hystrix Moench. Bottle-brush Grass.
patula Moench.

CYPERACEAE
Cyperus [Tourn] L. Calingale.

diandrus Torr.
rivularis Kunth. Springfield, L. Andrews.

‘C. aristatus Rottb.
dentatus Torr.
esculentus L. Occasionally in cultivated fields.
erythrorhizus Muhl. Herb.Spfid Sci. Museum. Agawam river,
Mrs. M. L. Owen
ferax Rich. Hadley meadows, H. G. Jesup.
strigosus L.
filiculmis Vahl.
Dulichium Pers.
arundinaceum (L.) Britton.
Eleocharis R. Br. Spike Rush.
Robbinsii Oakes. Ponds.
olivacea Torr. Leverett pond, H. G. Jesup.
diandra C. Wright.
ovata (Roth.) R. & S.
obtusa (Willd.) Schultes.
palustris (L.) R. & S.
acicularis (L.) R.& S.
tenuis (Willd ) Schultes.
intermedia (Muhl:) Schultes.
_Psilocarya Torr. Bald Rush.
scirpoides Torr. Pond shores, Springfield, Fernald; in Lho-
dora, Vol. X., p. 142.
Stenophyllus Raf.
capillaris (L.) Britton.
Fimbristylis Vahl.
Frankii Steud.
Scirpus [Tourn.] L. Bulrush or Club Rush.
planifolius Muhl.
hudsonianus (Michx.) Fernald.
subterminalis Torr. Aquatic.
debilis Pursh.
americanus Pers.
Torreyi Olney. Pond in Hadley meadows, etc., E. Tuckerman.
validus Vahl. Great Bulrush.
fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. South Hadley.
rubrotinctus Fernald. Amherst, H. L. Clark; in Rhodora, Vol.
I, p. 165. Springfield, L. Andrews.
sylvaticus L. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. — Springfield, L. An-
drews.
atrovirens Muhl.
georgianus Harper. Springfield, L. Andrews.
polyphyllus Vahl.
lineatus Michx.
cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Grass.

13

S. cyperinus var. pelius Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews.
cyperinus (L.) Kunth. var. condensatus Fernald. Herb. Spfld’
Sci. Museum. Springfield, L. Andrews.
atrocinctus Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews.
Eriophorum L. Cotton Grass.
callitrix Cham. Hare’s Tail. Belchertown south pond, H. G.
Jesup.
gracile Roth. Leverett, etc., E. Tuckerman; Amherst, H. G.
Jesup.
tenellum Nutt. Springfield, L. Andrews.
angustifolium Roth.
viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fernald. Buckland, open wet grounds.
F. F. Forbes; in Rhodora, Vol. VII, p. 91.
virginicum L.
Fuirena Rottb. Umbrella Grass.
squarrosa Michx. Indian Orchard, Mrs. M. L. Owen.
Hemicarpha Nees & Arn.
micrantha (Vahl.) Britton.
Rynchospora Vah]. Beak Rush.
macrostachya Torr. Belchertown and Leverett, E. Hitchcock,
and later collectors: Franklin Co., Fernald; in
Rhodora, Vol. X., p. 142.
fusca (L.) Ait. f. Leverett pond, E. Tuckerman, H. G. Jesup.
alba (L.) Vahl.
glomerata (L.) Vahl.
Cladium P. Browne. Twig Rush.
mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Belchertown, Leverett, etc., E. Hitch-.
cock; Amherst, H. G. Jesup, and later collectors.
Scleria Berg. Nut Rush.
triglomerata Michx. Amherst, H.G. Jesup; Hadley, etc., E.
Hitchcock.
Carex [Ruppius] L. Sedge.
scoparia Schkuhr. ;
scoparia var. condensa Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews.
tribuloides Wahlenb.
siccata Dewey. Westfield, Rev. Dr. Davis.
mirabilis Dewey.
straminea Willd.
hormathodes Fernald.
festucacea Schkuhr.
festucacea Schkuhr. var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald. Herb. Spfld.
Sci. Museum.
adusta Boott. Hadley, etc., E. Tuckerman.
stellulata Good.

C.

14

stellulata var. angustata Carey. Springfield, L. Andrews.

scirpoides Schkuhr.

canescens L.

canescens L. var. disjuncta Fernald. Herb. Spfid. Sci. Museum.

brunnescens Poir.

bromoides Schkuhr.

Deweyana Schwein.

tenuiflora Wahlenb. Southampton.

trisperma Dewey.

tenella Schkuhr.

rosea Schkuhr.

retroflexa Muhl.

Muhlenbergii Schkuhr. Hadley, etc., E. Tuckerman.

Muhlenbergii Schkuhr. var. enervis Boott. Herb. Spfid Sci.
Museum.

cephalophora Muhl.

-sparganioides Muhl.

vulpinoidea Michx.
diandra Schrank. Deerfield, E. Hitckcock.

diandra Schrank. var. ramosa (Boott.) Fernald. Deerfield, E.

Hitchcock.
stipata Muhl.
crinita Lam.
torta Boott.
stricta Lam.
aurea Nutt. Conway, H. G. Jesup.
pauciflora Lightf. Ashfield, Porter.

_leptalea Wahlenb.
-polygama Schkuhr.

triceps Michx. var. hirsuta (Willd.) Bailey.

virescens Muhl.

formosa Dewey. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal.;
Davisii Schwein & Torr. North Hadley, E. Tuckerman.

_gracillima Schwein.

Backii Boott. Mt. Tom, Prof. W. D. Whitney.
umbellata Schkuhr.

varia Muhl.

novae-angliae Schwein.

pennsylvanica Lam.

pubescens Muhl.

livida (Wahlenb.) Willd.

tetanica Schkuhr. Amherst, Hitche. Cata’.
polymorpha Muh]. Westfield, Rev. Dr. Davis.

_pallescens L,

Cc.

limosa L. Ashfield, Porter.

prasina Wahlenb.

pedunculata Muh]. Mt. Holyoke, etc.,E. Tuckerman; Mt. Toby,
H. G. Jesup.

plantaginea Lam. Mt Toby, H G. Jesup; Rocky Mountain,
Greenfield, Dr. N A. Cobb.

platyphylla Carey. Mt. Holyoke, etc, E. Tuckerman and H. G.
Jesup; Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup.

laxiculmis Schwein. Amherst, etc.

digitalis Willd.

laxiflora Lam.

laxiflora Lam. var. patulifolia (Dewey) Carey.

laxiflora Lam. var. blanda (Dewey) Boott.

conoidea Schkuhr.

grisea Wahlenb.

glaucodea Tuckerm. Mt. Holyoke, etc., E. Tuckerman and H.
G. Jesup.

granularis Muhl. Amherst, E. Hitchcock, and northward.

flava L.

longirostris Torr.

arctata Boott. Leyden, E. Hitchcock; Easthampton, Dr. N. A.
Cobb. :

debilis Michx.

debilis Michx. var. Rudgei Bailey.

scabrata Schwein.

filiformis L.

lanuginosa Michx.

vestita Willd.

trichocarpa Muhl. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal.

riparia W. Curtis.

squarrosa L, Hadley, E. Hitchcock; South Hadley, H. G.
Jesup.

comosa Boott.

hystericina Muhl.

lurida Wahlenb. Fernald in RAodora, Vol. III, p. 56.

lurida X lupulina Bailey. Fernald in Rhodora, Vol. III, p. 56.

retrorsa Schwein.

lupulina Muhl. Amherst, Fernald; in Rhodora, Vol. III, p. 56.

intumescens Rudge.

folliculata L.

vesicaria L.

rostrata Stokes var. utriculata (Boott.) Bailey.

Tuckermani Dewey. :

16

ARACEAE

Arisaema Martins. Indian Turnip. Dragon Arum.
triphyllum (L.) Schott. Indian Turnip. Jack-in-the-Pulpit.
Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon. Dragon Root. Deer-
field. Rhodora, Vol. XII, p.169. Sunderland,
Belchertown, South Hadley. This rare plant is
now extinct in some of the former stations.
Peltandra Raf. Arrow Arum.
virginica (L.) Kunth. Belchertown.
Calla L. Water Arum.
palustris L.
Symplocarpus Salisb. Skunk Cabbage.
foetidus (L.) Nutt.
Orontium L. Golden Club.
aquaticum L. Hampton pond, E. Tuckerman; Southwick,
Porter ; Springfield, S.Stebbins. Rare; Westfield;
Slow brook, east of Mt. Tom, Dr. N. A. Cobb.
Acorus L. Sweet Flag. Calamus.
Calamus L.

LEMNACEAE

Spirodela Schleiden.
polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

Lemna L. Duckweed. Duck’s-meat.
trisulca L.
minor L.

ERIOCAULACEAE

Eriocaulon [Gronov.] L. Pipewort.
articulatum (Huds.) Morong.

NYRIDACEAE

Xyris [Gronov.] L. Yellow-eyed Grass.
montana Ries. Lock’s pond, Shutesbury, etc.; E. Tuckerman,
H. G. Jesup.
caroliniana Walt. Indian Orchard. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.
flexuosa Muh]. Shutesbury, H. G. Jesup. Bay St., Springfield,
etc.

COMMELINACEAE

Tradescantia (Rupp.) L. Spiderwort.
virginiana L. Occasionally escaped.
Commelina (Plum.) L.
COMMUNIS L. Springfield, L. Andrews.

17

PONTEDERIACEAE
Pontederia L. Pickerel Weed.
cordata L.
cordata L. var. angustifolia Torr.
Heteranthera R. and P. Mud Plantain.
dubia (Jacq.) MacM.

JUNCACEAE

Juncus [Tourn.] L. Rush. Bog Rush.
bufonius L.
tenuis Willd.
filiformis L. Hadley meadows, E. Tuckerman.
effusus L. Common or Soft Rush.
brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fernald. Mt. Toby,H.G.Jesup. Spring-
field, L. Andrews.
canadensis J. Gay. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup.
pelocarpus Meyer. Shores of Lock’s pond, etc., E. Tuckerman ;
Leverett pond, H.G. Jesup. Indian Orchard.
nodosus L. Hockanum, Whitmore’s Ferry, etc., E. Tuckerman.
acuminatus Michx.
articulatus L. Mill Hollow, Amherst, etc., E. Tuckerman and H.
G. Jesup.
marginatus Rostk. Amherst, etc., E. Tuckerman.
Luzula DC. Wood Rush.
saltuensis Fernald.
campestris (L.) DC.

LILIACEAE

Veratrum [Tourn.] L. False Hellebore.
viride Ait. American White Hellebore. Indian Poke.
Uvularia L. Bellwort.
perfoliata L.
Oakesia Watson.
sessilifolia (L.) Watson.
Allium [Tourn.] L. Onion. Garlic.
tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek.
canadense L. Wild Garlic.
Hemerocallis L. Day Lily.
FULvA L. Common Day Lily. Escaped from cultivation.
Lilium L. Lily.
philadelphicum L. Wild Orange-red Lily or Wood Lily.
superbum L, Turk’s-cap Lily.
canadense L. Wild Yellow Lily.

3

18

Erythronium L. Dog’s tooth Violet.
americanum Ker. Yellow Adder’s Tongue.
Ornithogalum [Tourn.] L. Star of Bethlehem.
UMBELLATUM L. More or less common throughout the range.
Muscari [Tourn.] Mill. Grape Hyacinth.
botryoides (L.) Mill. Amherst. Persistent for many years.
Asparagus [Tourn.] L. Asparagus.
officinalis L. Garden Asparagus.
Clintonia Raf.
borealis (Ait.) Raf.
Smilacina Desf. False Solomon’s Seal.
racemosa (L.) Desf. False Spikenard.
stellata (L.) Desf.
trifolia (L.) Desf. Pelham and Cummington, E. Hitchcock.
i 4 Plumtrees, Sunderland.
Maianthemum (Weber in.) Wiggers.
canadense Desf.
Streptopus Michx. Twisted Stalk.
amplexifolius (L.) DC. Pelham, Deerfield, E. Tuckerman. Mt.
Toby.
roseus Michx. Mt. Toby, etc.
Polygonatum [Tourn.] Hill. Solomon's Seal.
biflorum (Walt.) Ell. Small Solomon’s Seal.
commutatum (R. and 8.) Dietr. Great Solomon’s Seal.
Convallaria L. Lily of the Valley.
MAJALIS L. Escaped from cultivation.
Medeola [Gronov.] L. Indian Cucumber Root.
virginiana L.
Trillium L. Wake Robin. Birthroot.
erectum L.
grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Pelham, E. Hitchcock. Not found
in recent years.
cernuum L.
undulatum Willd. Painted Trillium.
Aletris L. Colic Root.
farinosa L.
Smilax [Tourn.] L. Green Brier.
herbacea L. Carrion Flower.
rotundifolia L. Common Green Brier.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Hypoxis L. Star Grass.
hirsuta (L.) Coville.

19
IRIDACEAE

Tris [Tourn.] L. Fleur-de-lis.

versicolor L. Larger Blue Flag.

germanica L. Fleur-delis. Mt. Toby, H. L. Clark in Rhodora,

Vol. I, page 165.

Belamcanda Adans. Blackberry Lily.

chinensis (L.) DC. Escaped, South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps.
Sisyrinchium L. Blue-eyed Grass.

mucronatum Michx.

angustifolium Mill.

gramineum Curtis.

atlanticum Bicknell.

ORCHIDACEAE

Cypripedium L. Lady’s Slipper. Moccasin Flower.
arietinum R. Br. Ram’s Head Lady’s Slipper. Mt. Toby, W.
S. Clark. This is the only station which we know
in this region, and it is often found here quite
plentifully.
parviflorum Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady’s Slipper. Mt. Hol-
yoke, E. Tuckerman; Shelburne, F. G. Tucker-
man; Hawley, Buckland, W. D. Forbes; North-
field, Shutesbury, etc. A cross apparently between
parviflorum and pubescens is found on the banks
of the Conn. river at Gill, E. H. Sharpe.
parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight. Larger Yel-
low Lady’s Slipper.
hirsutum Mill. Showy Lady’s Slipper. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock;
Easthampton, W.S.Clark; Mt. Holyoke, H. G.
Jesup; Hawley, W. D. Forbes; Mt. Toby, C.S.
Plumb, 1880. This plant has become exterminated
in many of the stations enumerated above due to
the activities of professional collectors.
acaule Ait. Stemless Lady’s Slipper. A white flowered form is
frequently found.
Orchis [Tourn.] L.
spectabilis L. Showy Orchis.
Habenaria Willd. Rein Orchis. Fringed Orchis.
bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. Rather common in mountainous re-
gions.
flava (L.) Gray.
hyperborea (L.) R. Br.
dilatata (Pursh.) Gray. Plumtrees Swamp, Sunderland, etc.

20

H. clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.

Hookeri Torr.

orbiculata (Pursh.) Torr.

ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Yellow Fringed Orchis, East Amherst, C.H.
Hitchcock ; Easthampton, W. S. Clark. Rare and
extremely local plant; not collected for several
years in this region.

blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. White Fringed Orchis.

blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. var. holopetala (Lindl.) Gray. Haw-
ley, W. D. Forbes.

blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. X H.lacera (Michx.) R. Br. A form
has been noted by W. D. Forbes in Hawley, a
cross between the above named.

lacera (Michx.) R. Br. Ragged Fringed Orchis.
psycodes (L.) Sw. This species much resembles the following.
Both are called Purple Fringed Orchis.
fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br.
Pogonia Juss.
ophioglossoides (L.) Ker.
trianthophora (Siv.) BSP. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Conway.

verticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Amherst, Deerfield, E. Tuckerman;
Mt. Holyoke (Notch); Longmeadow, Springfield,
West Northfield; N. Leverett, Miss Ruby Hemen-
way: Easthampton, W. S. Clark, 1844; Belcher-
town, Mrs. E. W. Carpenter and Marion Thomp-

son.
affinis Aust. Holyoke range, H. L. Clark; in Rhodora, Vol.1,
p. 165.
Calopogon R. Br.
pulchellus (Sw.) R. Br.
Arethusa [Gronov.] L.
- bulbosa L. .
Spiranthes Richard. Ladies’ Tresses.
gracilis (Bigelow) Beck.
vernalis Englem. and Gray. Buckland, W. D. Forbes.
lucida (H. H. Eaton) Ames. Amherst, G. L. Goodale; Conway,

H. G. Jesup; Buckland, W. D. Forbes; Colrain,
E. F. Williams.

cernua (L.) Richard.
Epipactis (Haller) Boehm. Rattlesnake Plantain.
repens (L.) Crantz.
repens (L.) Crantz. var. ophioides (Fernald) A. A. Eaton. South-
wick; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 6.
tesselata (Lodd) A. A. Eaton. Springfield, L. Andrews.

decipiens (Hook) Ames. Buckland, W. D. Forbes. But one
specimen of the plant found by Mr. Forbes.
pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eaton.

21

Listera R. Br. Twayblade.
cordata (L.) R. Br. Plainfield, Porter.
Corallorrhiza [Haller] R. Br. Coral Root.
trifida Chatelain. Amherst, W. S. Clark; Buckland, W. D.
Forbes ; Sunderland, Plumtrees Swamp; Leverett,
Mt. Toby and Pelham.
maculata Raf. Easthampton, E. Hitchcock; Mt. Toby,
H.G. Jesup; N. Leverett, R. E. Torrey; Buck-
land, W. D. Forbes; Mt. Holyoke, Amherst.
odontorhiza Nutt.
Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton. Adder’s Mouth.
monophyllos (L.) Lindl. Hawley, W. D. Forbes.
unifolia (Michx.) BSP. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock; Shutesbury, E.
H. Sharpe; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin; Belcher-
town, R. E. Torrey.
Liparis Richard. Twayblade.
liliifolia (L.) Richard.
Loeselii (L.) Richard. Plumtrees swamp, Sunderland, A. V.
Osmun; Amherst, H. L. Clark; Mt. Toby.
Aplectrum (Nutt.) Torr. Putty Root. Adam-and-Eve.
hyemale (Muhl.) Torr. Mt. Holyoke, Conway, E. Hitchcock;
Buckland, W. D. Forbes.
Tipularia Nutt. Crane Fly Orchis.
discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Probably not
in our range ; never verified by other collectors.

DICOTYLEDONEAE

SALICACEAE

Salix [Tourn.] L. Willow. Osier.
nigra Marsh. Black Willow.
nigra Marsh. var. falcata (Pursh) Torr. Springfield, L. Andrews.
lucida Muhl. Shining Willow.
FRAGILIS L. Crack Willow.
ALBA L. White Willow.
ALBA L, var. VITELLINA (L.) Koch.
Babylonica L. Weeping Willow. Sometimes escapes to river
™ banks, etc.
longifolia Muhl. Sand Bar Willow. Islands of Conn. river, H.
G. Jesup.
cordata Muhl.

22

S. pedicellaris Pursh. Deerfield, E. Tuckerman.
discolor Muhl, Glaucous Willow.
humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow.
tristis Ait. Dwarf Gray Willow.
sericea Marsh. Silky Willow.
rostrata Richards.
PURPUREA L. Purple Willow. Near Conway, H.G. Jesup; Glen-
wood, Springfield.
Populus [Tourn.] L. Poplar. Aspen.
alba L. White Poplar. Silver Leaved Poplar.
tremuloides Michx. American Aspen,
grandidentata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen.
balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar.
candicans Ait. Balm of Gilead.
deltoides Marsh. Cottonwood. Necklace Poplar.
NIGRA L. Black Poplar. Occasionally spreading by root suck-
ers. var. ITALICA Du Roi. Rarely, if ever, spread-
ing.

MY RICACEAE

Myrica lL.
Gale L. Sweet Gale. Gill, E. H. Sharpe; Shutesbury, R. E.
Torrey ; Belchertown, etc.
carolinensis Mill. Bayberry. Wilbraham, E. Longfellow, Dr.
W. Hz. Chapin; Conway, etc. Much more,common near
the coast.
asplenifolia L. Sweet Fern.

JUGLANDACEAE

Juglans L. Walnut.
cinerea L. Butternut.
nigra L. Black Walnut. Native in Amherst, etc., but rare in our
range,
Carya Nutt. Hickory.
ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. Shagbark Hickory.
alba (L.) K. Koch. Mocker Nut.
glabra (Mill.) Spach. Pig Nut.
cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch. Bitter Nut.

23

BETULACEAE

Corylus [Tourn.] L. Hazelnut. Filbert.
americana Walt. Hazelnut. Prof. S. T. Maynard discovered
some years ago a purple-leaved hazelnut near
Mt. Toby, which has been propagated as a horti-
cultural variety.
_ rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazelnut.
Ostrya (Mich.) Scop. Leverwood.
virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch. Hop Hornbeam.
Carpinus [Tourn.] L. Ironwood.
caroliniana Walter. Blue or Water Beech.
Betula [Tourn.] L. Birch.
lenta L. Sweet or Black Birch.
lutea (Michx.) f. Yellow or Gray Birch.
populifolia Marsh. White or Gray Birch.
alba L. var. papyrifera (Marsh) Spach. Paper, Canoe or White
Birch.
pumila L. Low or Swamp Birch. Amherst region. Eaton Man.
Alnus [Tourn.] Hill. Alder.
crispa (Ait.) Pursh. Conway; Deerfield, H. G. Jesup.
mollis Fernald. Downy Green Alder. Buckland, M. L. Fernald in
Rhodora, Vol. VI, p. 163.
incana (L.) Muench. Speckled or Hoary Alder.
rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth Alder.

FAGACEAE

Fagus [Tourn.] L. Beech.
grandifolia Ehrh. More common on our western border, where
it forms large forests.
Castanea [Tourn.] Hill. Chestnut.
dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.
Quercus [Tourn.] L. Oak.
alba L. White Oak.
bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak.
prinoides Willd. Chinquapin Oak.
Prinus L. Chestnut Oak.
rubra L. Red Oak.
palustris Muench. Pin Oak. More or less common in Conn,
Valley lowlands.
coccinea Muench. Scarlet Oak.
velutina Lam. Yellow-barked or Black Oak.
ilicifolia Wang. Bear or Black Scrub Oak.

24

URTICACEAE

Ulmus [Tourn.] L. Elm.
fulva Michx. Slippery Elm. Local.
americana L. American Elm.
Celtis [Tourn.] L. Nettle-tree. Hackberry.
occidentalis L. Sugarberry. Local.
occidentalis L. var. pumila Muhl. Mt. Holyoke, H. G. Jesup.
occidentalis L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) Gray. Hadley, E. Tuck-
erman ; Amherst.
Cannabis [Tourn.] L. Hemp.
SATIVA L,
Humulus L. Hop.
Lupulus L. Common Hop.
japonicus Sieb. and Zuce. Clay-pit dumping ground, Spring-
field, L. Andrews.
Morus [Tourn.] L. Mulberry.
rubra L. Red Mulberry. Uncommon.
ALBA L. White Mulberry. Amherst, etc.
Urtica [Tourn.] L. Nettle.
gracilis Ait.
URENS L.
Laportea Gaud. Wood Nettle.
canadensis (L.) Gaud.
Pilea Lindl. Richweed.
pumila (L.) Gray.
Boehmeria Jacq. False Nettle.
cylindrica (L.) Sw.
Parietaria [Tourn.] L. Pellitory.
pennsylvanica Muhl. Sugar Loaf, Mt. Toby, etc.

SANTALACEAE

Comandra Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax.
umbellata (L.) Nutt.

LORANTHACEAE
Arceuthobium Bieb.
pusillum Peck. Dwarf Mistletoe. Parasitic on Black Spruce.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Asarum [Tourn.] L. Wild Ginger.
canadense L.
Aristolochia [Tourn.] L. Birthwort.
Serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot. Included in Dr. Tucker-
man’s list as from Turners Falls, but doubtful.

25

POLYGONACEAE

Rumex L. Dock. Sorrel.
Patientia L. Patience Dock. Rather uncommon.
Britannica L. Great Water Dock. Amherst, etc., H. G. Jesup.
crispus L. Yellow Dock.

SANGUINEUS L. See Britton and Brown’s Ill. Flora of n. U.S.
and Can., Vol. I, p. 551.

ELONGATUS Guss. Orchard St., Springfield, L. Andrews.

altissimus Wood. Pale Dock. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

verticillatus L. Swamp Dock. Granby, H. G. Jesup.

OBTUSIFOLIUS L. Bitter Dock.

AcETosA L. Garden Sorrel. Grass land. Common at Amherst,
etc.

HASTATULUS Baldw. Roadsides, Amherst, S. T. Maynard.

ACETOSELLA L. Field or Sheep Sorrel.

Polygonum [Tourn.] L. Knotweed.

aviculare L.

aviculare L. var. vegetum Ledeb.

erectum L.

tenue Michx.

lapathifolium L.

amphibium L.

Muhlenbergii (Meisn.) Wats. Springfield, L. Andrews.

pennsylvanicum L.

Careyi Olney. East Amherst, etc., C. H. Hitchcock.

Hydropiper L. Common Smartweed.

acre HBK. Water Smartweed.

acre HBK. var. leptostachyum Meisn. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum,
L. Andrews.

ORIENTALE L. Prince’s Feather.

Persicaria L. Lady’s Thumb. Common in barnyards, etc.

hydropiperoides Michx. Mild Water Pepper.

virginianum L.

arifolium L, Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb.

sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.

ConvoLvuLus L. Black Bindweed.

cilinode Michx.

scandens L. Climbing False Buckwheat.

cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc. Springfield, L. Andrews. Two
species, P. Sachalinense Schmidt and cuspidatum,
have been cultivated at the Mass. Agricultural
College for 15 years. The latter is well estab-
lished ; the former, termed Sacaline, does not show
a tendency to become so. Both were introduced
from Japan as forage plants.

26

Fagopyrum [Tourn.] L. Buckwheat.
ESCULENTUM Muench. Buckwheat. In waste places and per-
sisting after cultivation.
Polygonella Michx.
articulata (L.) Meisn.

CHENOPODIACEAE

Kochia Roth.

Scoparta (L.) Schrad. Springfield, escaped from gardens, L.

Andrews.
Chenopodium [Tourn.] L.

Botrys L. Jerusalem Oak.

ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea. Springfield, L. Andrews.

capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Blite. Rare, E. Hitchcock.

HYBRIDUM L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot.

ALBUM L. Lamb’s Quarters.

ALBUM L. var. VIKIDE (L.) Mog. Springfield, L. Andrews.

Salsola L. Saltwort.

Kali. var. tenutfolia G.F.W.Mey. Russian Thistle. Occa-
sionally on railroad banks, etc.; the seed coming in
with grass seed and also by western freight. Slightly
established at B. & M. R. R. station, Amherst, S.C.
Brooks (1g1o), and at Springfield, Dr. W. H.
Chapin.

AMARANTHACEAE

Amaranthus [Tourn.] L. Amaranth.

RETROFLEXUS L. Green Amaranth; Pigweed.

hybridus L.

hybridus L. forma hypochondriacus L. Green Amaranth.
Springfield, L. Andrews.

paniculatus L. Purple Amaranth. Springfield, L. Andrews.

GRAECIZANS L. Tumble Weed.

spinosus L. Thorny Amaranth. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum, and
Herb. Mt. Holyoke College.

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Phytolacca [Tourn.] L. Pokeweed.
decandra L.

27

NYCTAGINACEAE

Oxybaphus L’ Her.
ny clagineus (Michx.) Sweet. Springfield, L. Andrews.

ILLECEBRACEAE

Scleranthus L. Knawel.
ANNUUS L.

Anychia Michx. Forked Chickweed.
canadensis (L.) BSP.

AIZOACEAE

Mollugo L. Indian Chickweed.
VERTICILLATA L. Carpet Weed.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Spergularia J. and C. Pres]. Sand Spurrey.
rubra (L.) J. and C. Pres]. Common on roadsides.
Spergula L.
ARVENSIS L. Corn Spurrey.
Sagina L. Pearlwort.
decumbens (Ell.) T. and G. Springfield, M. L. Owen (1883) ; Am-
herst, H. G. Jesup.
procumbens L.
Arenaria L. Sandwort.
lateriflora L.
SERPYLLIFOLIA L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort.
stricta Michx.
Stellaria L. Chickweed. Starwort.
borealis Bigel.
uliginosa Murr. South Deerfield, H. G. Jesup.
longifolia Muhl. j
GRAMINEA L. Amherst, etc.; now common.
MEDIA (L.) Cyrill. Common Chickweed.
Cerastium L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
arvense L. Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Plumtrees, Sunder-
land; Mt. Toby.
arvense L. var. oblongifolium (Torr.) Hollick and Britton. Mt.
Tom, June, 1882; Herb. Mt. Holyoke College.
VULGATUM L. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Now very com-
mon, but included by mistake in Prof. Tucker-
man’s list; he not having observed it in 1875.
VISCOSUM L.
nutans Raf. Hadley, etc.

28

Agrostemma L. Corn Cockle.

Githago L. In grain fields, etc.

Lychnis [Tourn.] L. Campion.

FLos-cucuLi L. Ragged Robin. Found in grass lands. Am-
herst, etc. Spreading, and becoming well estab-
lished.

pIoicaA L. Red Campion. Roadsides, etc.

alba Mill. White Campion. Amherst, A. V.Osmun. Spring-

field, L. Andrews.
Silene L. Catchfly.

antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly.

Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. Springfield, L. Andrews.

noctifiora L. Night-flowering Campion.

pennsylvanica Michx. Wild Pink.

stellata (L.) Ait. f. Starry Campion. South Hadley.

LATIFOLIA (Mill) Britten & Rendle. Bladder Campion. Am-
herst, etc.

Saponaria L.

OFFICINALIS L. Bouncing Bet.
‘Gypsophila L.

muralis L. Springfield, etc.

paniculata L. Tall Gypsophyll. Springfield, L. Andrews.

See Britton & Brown's //lustrated Flora, Vol. 11, p. 17.

Dianthus L. Pink. Carnation.

ARMERIA L. Deptford Pink.

PORTULACACEAE

‘Claytonia [Gronov.] L. Spring Beauty.
virginica L.
caroliniana Michx. Amherst, H. G. Jesup.
Portulaca [Tourn.] L. Purslane.
OLERACEA L. Common Purslane. A pernicious weed.
granadifiora Hook. Occasionally escaped.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE

‘Ceratophyllum L. Hornwort.
demersum L. Ponds, etc.

NYMPHAEACEAE

Nymphaea [Tourn.] L. Yellow Pond Lily. Spatter-dock.
advena Ait. Cow Lily.
microphylla Pers. Conn. river, ponds, etc.

29

Castalia Salisb. Water Lily.
tetragona Georg. Pansy Park,.Belchertown. Escaped from cul-
tivation. L. W. Goodell.
odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Sweet-scented Water Lily.
Brasenia Schreber. Water Shield.
Schreberi Gmel.

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus [Tourn.] L. Crowfoot. Buttercup.
circinatus Sibth. Stiff Water Crowfoot. Belchertown; Herb.
Mt. Holyoke College.
aquatilis L. var. capillaceus DC. Common White Water Crow-
foot.
delphinifolius Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot.
laxicaulis (T. & G.) Darby. Water Plaintain. Spearwort.
Flammula L. var. reptans (L.) Mey. Creeping Spearwort. Shore
of Conn. river.
sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot.
abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot.
recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot.
fascicularis Muh]. Early Crowfoot.
septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup.
hispidus Michx. Longmeadow; Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.
pennsylvanicus L.f. Bristly Crowfoot.
BULBOSUS L. Bulbous Buttercup.
ACRIS L. Tall Buttercup.
AcRIS L. var. STEVENI (Andrz.) Lange. Northampton; M. L.
Fernald in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 220.
Thalictrum [Tourn.] L. Meadow Rue.
dioicum L. Early Meadow Rue.
polygamum Muhl. Tall Meadow Rue.
Anemonella Spach.
thalictroides (L.) Spach. Rue Anemone.
Hepatica (Rupp.) Hill. Liverleaf. Hepatica.
triloba Chaix.
acutiloba DC. Conway, etc., H. G. Jesup; Amherst, E. L. Mor-
ris; Mt. Holyoke, etc.
Anemone [Tourn.] L. Anemone.
cylindrica Gray. Mt. Toby, H.G. Jesup, Aug., 1872; Sunder-
land.
virginiana L.
canadensis L. South Hadley, G. L. Goodale.
quinquefolia L. Wood Anemone.

39°

‘Clematis L. Virgin’s Bower.
virginiana L.
verticillaris DC. Greenfield, F. G. Tuckerman; Notch, Mt.
Holyoke ; Table Mountain, Mt-Toby; Mt. Tom;
. South Hadley; Rattlesnake Gutter, Leverett.
‘Caltha [Rupp.] L. Marsh Marigold.
palustris L. ;
‘Coptis Salisb. Goldthread.
trifolia (L.) Salisb.
Aquilegia [Tourn.] L. Columbine.
canadensis L. Wild Columbine.
‘Cimicifuga L. Bugbane.
racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh. Goshen,
E. Hitchcock.
Actaea L. Baneberry. Cohosh.
rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry.
alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry.

MAGNOLIACEAE
Magnolia L.
tripetala L. Umbrella Tree. Dr. W.H. Chapin has observed
several of these trees, which have existed for a
number of years on the shores of a pond in Spring-
field ; and also in Edgewood Swamp stands a tree
about nine years old. Both these stations are at
least two miles away from any cultivated M. tripe-
tala trees, !and were probably seeded in through
the agency of birds.
Liriodendron L. Tulip Tree.
Tulipifera L. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Gill, Bernardston, South-
ampton, Agawam, Huntington, etc.

MENISPERMACEAE

Menispermum [Tourn.] L. Moonseed.
canadense L.

BERBERIDACEAE

Podophyllum L. May Apple. Mandrake.
peltatum L. South Amherst, E. Hitchcock.
‘Caulophyllum Michx. Blue Cohosh.
thalictroides (L.) Michx. Pappoose Root.
_Berberis [Tourn.] L. Barberry.
VULGARIS L. Common Barberry. Pastures, etc. More common
near the coast.

31

LAURACEAE

Sassafras Nees.
variifolium (Salisb.) Ktze.

Benzoin Fabric. Wild Allspice. Fever Bush.
aestivale (L.) Nees. Spice Bush. Benjamin Bush.

PAPAVERACEAE

Sanguinaria (Dill.) L. Blood Root.
canadensis L.

Chelidonium [Tourn.] L. Celandine.
MAJUS L.

FUMARIACEAE

Adlumia Raf. Climbing Fumitory.
fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Mt. Toby, etc.
Dicentra Bernh.
Cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman’s Breeches. Westfield, C.S.
Plumb; North Amherst, Northampton, South
Hadley.
canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel Corn. Conway, G. L.
Goodale ; Leverett, E. H. Sharpe.
Corydalis (Dill.) Medic.
sempervirens (L.) Pers. Pale Corydalis.
Fumaria [Tourn.] L. Fumitory.
OFFICINALIS L. Common Fumitory.

CRUCIFERAE
Berteroa DC.

INCANA (L.) DC. Springfield, Mrs. A.J. Smith and Dr. W. H.
Chapin; Amherst, R. E. Torrey. Introduced in
seed and spreading rapidly.

Alyssum [Tourn.] L.

alyssoides L. Amherst, etc.

Lepidium [Tourn.] L. Pepperwort. Peppergrass.

virginicum L. Wild Peppergrass.

apetalum Willd. Springfield, Miss M. L. Owen.

CAMPESTRE (L.) R. Br. Amherst.

Capsella Medic. Shepherd’s Purse.

BuRSA-PASTORIS (L.) Medic.

Camelina Crantz. False Flax.

SATIVA (L.) Crantz.
microcarpa Andrz. Greenfield, E. F. Williams. hodora, Vol.

XII, p. 169.

32

Raphanus [Tourn.] L. Radish. ,

RAPHANISTRUM L. Wild Radish. Jointed Charlock.
Brassica [Tourn.] L. Mustard. Turnip.

ALBA (L.) Boiss. White Mustard.

juncea (L.) Cosson. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard.

campestris L, Rutabaga. More or less common in waste places.
Conringia (Heist.) Link. Hare’s-ear Mustard.

orientalis (L.) Dumort. Belchertown, R. E. Torrey.
Sisymbrium [Tourn.] L. Hedge Mustard.

OFFICINALE (L.) Scop.

officinale (L.) Scop. var. lezocarpum DC. Herb. Spfld Sci. Mus.
Erysimum [Tourn.] L. Treacle Mustard.

cheiranthoides L. Worm-seed Mustard. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup;
Sunderland.

Radicula (Dill.) Hill. Water Cress.

NASTURTIUM-AQUATICUM (L.) Britten & Rendle. True Water
Cress. More or less common in brooks.

SYLVESTRIS (L.) Druce. Yellow Cress.
palustris (L.) Muench. Marsh Cress.
palustris (L.) Muench. var. hispida (Desv.) Robinson. Leverett
pond, R. E. Torrey.
ARMORACIA (L.) Robinson. Horse-radish. Persistent and spread-
ing around old dwellings.
Barbarea R. Br. Winter Cress.
VULGARIS R. Br. Common Winter Cress. Yellow Rocket.
stricta Andrz. Longmeadow; Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.
Dentaria [Tourn.] L. Toothwort. Pepper-root.
diphylla Michx.
maxima Nutt. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis.
laciniata Muhl. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock; Springfield, Miss G.
L. Pettis; Amherst and Sunderland.
Cardamine [Tourn.] L. Bitter Cress.
bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Spring Cress.
pratensis L. Cuckoo Flower. Amherst, A. V.Osmun; Conway.
parviflora L.
pennsylvanica Muhl.
Arabis L. Rock Cress.
lyrata L. Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins.
Drummondi Gray.
hirsuta (L.) Scop.
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.
canadensis L. Sickle-pod.

Isates
tinctoria L. Dyer’s Wood. Amherst, Mass. Agr. College grounds.
See Cyclopedia of Am. Hort., Bailey, p. 836.

33

SARRACENIACEAE

Sarracenia [Tourn.] L.
purpurea L. Pitcher-plant.

DROSERACEAE

Drosera L, Sundew.
rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew.
longifolia L.

PODOSTEMACEAE

Podostemum Michx. River Weed.
ceratophyllum Michx. In Conn. river, E. Hitchcock; South
Hadley, Miss L. W. Shattuck.

CRASSULACEAE

Penthorum [Gronoy.] L. Ditch Stonecrop.

sedoides L.
Sedum [Tourn.] L. Stonecrop. Orpine.

ACRE L. Mossy Stonecrop. Occasional.

ternatum Michx. Sunderland.

reflexum L. Roadside, Leverett, H. G. Jesup.

PURPUREUM Tausch. Garden Orpine. Live-for-ever. Roadsides.
Sempervirum L. Houseleek.

tectorum L.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxifraga [Tourn.] L. Saxifrage.
pennsylvanica L. Swamp Saxifrage.
virginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage.

Tiarella L. False Miterwort.
cordifolia L.

Mitella [Tourn.] L. Miterwort. Bishop’s Cap.
diphylla L.
nuda L. East Amherst, H. G. Jesup; Plumtrees Swamp, C. S.

Putnam.

Chrysosplenium [Tourn.] L. Golden Saxifrage.
americanum Schwein.

Parnassia [Tourn.] L. Grass of Parnassus.
caroliniana Michx.

4

34

Ribes L. Currant. Gooseberry.

Cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry. Dogberry. Conway, Mt.
Tom, South Hadley.

rotundifolium Michx. West River Mt., E. Hitchcock.

oxyacanthoides L. Smooth Gooseberry.

floridum L’Her. Wild Black Currant.

prostratum L’Her. Skunk Currant. Belchertown, H. G. Jesup.

VULGARE Lam. Red Currant. Escaped from gardens.

aureum Pursh. Missouri or Buffalo Currant. Escaped from
cultivation.

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Hamamelis L. Witch Hazel.
virginiana L.

PLATANACEAE

Platanus [Tourn.] L. Sycamore. Buttonwood.

occidentalis L. River valleys. A noteworthy specimen of this
tree, 20 feet in circumference, stands on Sunder-
land street. This is said to be the largest sycamore
tree in Massachusetts.

.

ROSACEAE

Spiraea [Tourn.] L.
latifolia Borkhr. Meadow-sweet.
tomentosa L. Hardhack. Steeple Bush.
Sorbaria A. Br.
sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. Amherst, N. Hadley road, W. D. Barlow.
Pyrus [Tourn.] L.
Matus L. Apple. Frequently spontaneous.
arbutifolia (L.) L. f. Chokeberry.
arbutifolia (L.) L. f. var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robinson.
melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Northampton.
americana (Marsh.) DC. American Mountain Ash.
AUCUPARIA (L.) Ehrh. European Mountain Ash. Rowan Tree.
Amherst, etc. Escaped.
Amelanchier Medic. Shad Bush.
sanguinea (Pursh.) DC. Millers Falls, Montague; Kk. M. Wie-
gand in Rhodora, Vol. XIV, p. 138.
stolonifera Wiegand. Millers Falls, Montague; Rhodora, Vol.
XIV, p. 144.

35

A. canadensis (L.) Medic. Rhodora, Vol. XIV, p. 159.
laevis Wiegand. Millers Falls, Montague. Rhodora, Vol. XIV,
Pp. 154.
oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roem. The extensive revision of this genus
makes it doubtful if this species is in our range.
Crataegus L. Hawthorne. This genus has been extensively revised
by Prof. C.S.Sargent in the last few years, and
our region has not been thoroughly explored.
Doubtless many other species exist here. Prof.
Sargent has already enumerated some 60 species
found in this state. The specific distinctions are
so fine that none but a specialist can identify them.
CRUS-GALLI L.
punctata Jacq.
Gravesii Sarg. Amherst; Rhodora, Vol. V, p. 159.
coccinea L.
Stonei Sarg. Smith Hill, Pelham, etc.; Rodora, Vol. V, p. 62.
tomentosa L.
rotundifolia Muench.
macrosperma Ashe. Springfield, L. Andrews.
polita Sarg. Springfield, L. Andrews.
macracantha Lodd.
Fragaria [Tourn.] L. Strawberry.
virginiana Duchesne.
vesca L. var. americana Porter. Mt. Holyoke, Mt. Toby, etc.
Waldsteinia Willd.
fragarioides (Michx.) Trattinick. Barren Strawberry. Appar-
ently rare. See E. F. Williams in Ahodora, Vol.
XII, p. 170.
Potentilla L. Cinquefoil. Five-finger.
arguta Pursh.
monspeliensis L. var. novegica (L.) Rydb.
argentea L. Silvery Cinquefoil.
RECTA L. Belchertown, R. E. Torrey; South Amherst, S.C.
Brooks ; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin.
palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Cinquefoil. Springfield, S. Stebbins.
fruticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. More common in the Berk-
shires, where it becomes a noxious weed.
tridentata Ait. Three-toothed Cinquefoil. Hoosac Mountain,
E. Hitchcock. Probably within our range.
pumila Poir. Springfield, L. Andrews.
canadensis L.
canadensis L. ee simplex (Michx.) T. & G. Springfield, L. An-
rews.

36

Geum L. Avens.

canadense Jacq.

flavum (Porter) Bicknell. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

virginianum L.

strictum Ait.

rivale L. Water or Purple Avens.

Rubus [Tourn] L. Bramble.

idaeus L. var. aculeatissimus [C. A. Mey.] Regel & Tiling. Wild
Red Raspberry. This common raspberry should
be called Rubus idaeus L. var. canadensis Rich.
(See W. H. Blanchard in Rhodora,Vol. XI, p. 236.)

occidentalis L. Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry.

odoratus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry.

triflorus Richards. Dwarf Raspberry. This plant should be
called Rubus pubescens Raf. (See W. H. Blanch-
ard in Rhodora, Vol. XI, p. 236.)

allegheniensis Porter. Springfield, L. Andrews.

frondosus Bigel. Springfield, A. Andrews.

Randii (Bailey) Rydb. Springfield, L. Andrews.

canadensis L.

Millspaughi Britton. Common in highlands of New England.
Ezra Brainerd in Rhodora, Vol. 11, p. 26. Col-
lected at Hawley, elevation about 1800 ft.

Andrewsianus Blanchard. Southwick. In Rhodora, Vol. VIII,
p. 17.

nigricans Rydb. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

hispidus L.

villosus Ait. Dewberry.

villosus Ait. var. humifusus T. & G. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

plicatifolius Blanchard. Palmer and Munson. In /hodora, Vol.
VIII, p. 216.

Rossbergianus Blanchard. Palmer. Blanchard in Rhodora, Vol.
TX; p: 7:

Dalibarda Kalm.

repens L. Greenfield, E. Tuckerman; Sunderland, Lake Wyola,

R. E. Torrey ; Warwick, Dr. N. A. Cobb.
Agrimonia [Tourn.] L. Agrimony.

gryposepala Wallr.

striata Michx. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

mollis (T. & G.) Britton. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.

Sanguisorba [Rupp.] L. Burnet.

canadensis L. Canadian Burnet. Hadley, Sunderland, Amherst,

Deerfield, etc.

37

Rosa [Tourn.] L. Rose.
blanda Ait. Mt. Holyoke.
CINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon Rose. Persistent about dwellings,
RUBIGINOSA L. Sweetbrier. Eglantine.
GALLICA L. Garden Rose. Roadsides and fields.
nitida Willd. Springfield, L. Andrews.
carolina L.
virginiana Mill.
humilis Marsh. Plumtrees Swamp, A.V. Osmun; Springfield,
L. Andrews.
multiflora Thunb. Escaping locally.
Prunus [Tourn.] L. Plum, Cherry, etc.
serotina Ehrh. Wild Black or Rum Cherry.
virginiana L. Choke Cherry.
pennsylvanica L.f. Wild Red, Bird, Fire or Pin Cherry.
institia C. Bullace Plum. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum.
cuneata Raf. Springfield, L. Andrews.
pumila L. Sand Cherry.
americana Marsh. Wild Plum.

LEGUMINOSAE

Gleditsia L. Honey Locust.
TRIACANTHOS L. Honey Locust. Escaped from cultivation.
Cassia [Tourn.] L. Senna.
marilandica L. Wild Senna.
nictitans L. Wild Sensitive Plant.
Baptisia Vent. False Indigo.
tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Wild Indigo.
Crotaria (Dill.) L. Rattle-box.
sagittalis L.
Lupinus [Tourn.] L. Lupine.
perennis L.
Trifolium [Tourn.] L. Clover. Trefoil.
ARVENSE L. Rabbit-foot. Stone Clover.
incarnatum L. Crimson or Italian Clover. Ambherst. Occa-
sionally persists.
PRATENSE L. Red Clover.
REPENS L. White Clover.
HYBRIDUM L. Alsike Clover. Common under cultivation and in
fields.
AGRARIUM L. Yellow or Hop Clover.
PROCUMBENS L. Low Hop Clover.

38

Melilotus [Tourn.] Hill. Melilot. Sweet Clover.
officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow Melilotus.
ALBA Desr. White Melilot.

Medicago [Tourn.] L. Medick.

SATIVA L. Lucerne. Alfalfa.

LUPULINA L. Black Medick. Nonesuch. Both species of Medi-
cago were formerly rare, but now more common.

Lotus [Tourn.] L. Bird’s Foot Trefoil.
corniculatus L. North Amherst, A. V. Osmun.

Amorpha L.

FRuTICOSA L. False Indigo. Escaped from cultivation and
established near Mass. Agr. College grounds, Am-
herst ; Springfield, L. Andrews.

Tephrosia Pers. Hoary Pea.
virginiana (L.) Pers. Goat’s Rue. Catgut.

Robinia L. Locust.

Pseupo-Acacia L. Common Locust or False Acacia. Wellesley.

viscosa Vent. Clammy Locust. Persistent and spreading.

Coronilla L.

VARIA L. Amherst, etc.

Desmodium Desv. Tick Trefoil.

nudiflorum (L.) DC.

grandiflorum.(Walt.) DC..

rotundifolium (Michx.) DC.

canescens (L) DC.

bracteosum (Michx.) DC.

Dillenii Darlingt.

paniculatum (L.) DC.

canadense (L.) DC.

rigidum (Ell.) DC.

marilandicum (L.) DC.

Lespedeza Michx. Bush Clover.

procumbens Michx.

violacea (L.) Pers.

hirta (L.) Hornem.

capitata Michx.

capitata Michx. var. velutina (Bicknell) Fernald. Springfield, L.
Andrews.

Vicia [Tourn.] L. Vetch. Tare.

SATIVA L. Spring Vetch.

ANGUSTIFOLIA (L.) Reichard. var. sege¢adis (Thuillier) Koch.
Amherst; Springfield, L. Andrews.

39

Cracca L. Deerfield; Springfield, L. Andrews; Sunderland, H.
G. Jesup; Monson, E. L. Morris; Lock’s pond,
Shutesbury, R. E. Torrey. More or less common
now ; previously rare. Probably native.
Lathyrus [Tourn.] L. Vetchling. Everlasting Pea.
LATIFOLIUS L. Everlasting or Perennial Pea. Amherst, etc.
PRATENSIS L. West Springfield, A. P. Foster; Springfield, Mrs.
M. L. Owen.
Apios (Boerhaave) Ludwig. Groundnut. Wild Bean.
tuberosa Muench.
Amphicarpa Ell. Hog Peanut.
monoica (L.) Ell.
Pitcheri T. & G. Sunderland, R. E. Torrey.

LINACEAE

Linum [Tourn] L. Flax.
usttatissimum L. Dumps and railroad embankments.
virginianum L.

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis L. Wood Sorrel.
Acetosella L. Common Wood Sorrel. Amherst, Conway, etc.
violacea L. Violet Wood Sorrel. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, etc.
stricta L.
corniculata L. Lady’s Sorrel.
repens Thunb. About greenhouses, etc.

GERANIACEAE

Geranium [Tourn.] L. Cranesbill.
maculatum L. Wild Cranesbill.
Robertianum L. Herb Robert.
carolinianum L.
pusillum Burm.f. In grass lands. Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen.
molle L. Ingrass lands. Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen.

RUTACEAE

Zanthoxylum L. Prickly Ash.
americanum Mill. Northern Prickly Ash. Toothache-tree. Sun-
derland, E. Hitchcock; Norwottuck, W. S. Clark.
Ptelea L. Hop Tree.
TRIFOLIATA L. Springfield, L. Andrews; Easthampton, Dr. N.
A. Cobb; also seeding in freely where cultivated.

40

SIMARUBACEAE

Ailanthus Desf. Tree of Heaven.
GLANDULOSA Desf. Established here and there, frequently under
the most adverse conditions.

POLYGALACEAE

Polygala [Tourn.] L. Milkwort.
paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala. Flowering Wintergreen.
polygama Walt.
sanguinea L.
verticillata L.
verticillata L. var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood. Springfield, Mrs. A.
J. Smith.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Acalypha L. Three-seeded Mercury.
virginica L.
Euphorbia L. Spurge.
Preslii Guss.
hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand. Springfield, L. Andrews.
maculata L. Milk Purslane.
Ipecacuanhae L. Enfield; A.S. Pease in Rhodora, Vol. V1, p. 87.
Cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge. Fruiting forms found in
Greenfield; Walter Dean in Rhodora, Vol. XIV,

page 194.

CALLITRICHACEAE

Callitriche L. Water Starwort.
palustris L.
heterophylla Pursh. Near Mt. Warner; H. L. Clark in Rhodora,
Vol. I, p. 164; Springfield, L. Andrews.

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus L. Sumac.
typhina L. Staghorn Sumac.
glabra L. Smooth Sumac.
copallina L. Dwarf Sumac.
Vernix L. Poison Sumac or Dogwood.
Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy. Poison Oak.

41

AQUIFOLIACEAE

Nex L.
verticillata (L.) Gray. Black Alder. Winterberry.
laevigata (Pursh.) Gray. Smooth Winterberry. Belchertown
ponds, H. G. Jesup; Southwick; C. H. Bissell in
Rhodora, Vol. XIII, p. 54.
Nemopanthus Raf. Mountain Holly.
mucronata (L.) Trel.

CELASTRACEAE

Celastrus L. Staff Tree. Shrubby Bitter-sweet.
scandens L. Waxwork. Climbing Bitter-sweet.

STAPHYLEACEAE

Staphylea L. Bladder Nut.
trifolia L. American Bladder Nut. Sunderland, brooks of Conn.
river, C. S. Plumb; Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun;
Plumtrees, Sunderland, Mt. Holyoke, Deerfield,
North Hadley.

ACERACEAE

Acer [Tourn.] L. Maple.

pennsylvanicum L. Striped Maple. \foosewood.

spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple.

saccharum Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple.

saccharum Marsh. var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton. Black Sugar
Maple. Many of our sugar maples in the Con-
necticut valley, if not identical with this variety,
closely approach it in form, texture, color and
pubescence of leaf and general habit.

saccharinum L, White or Silver Maple.

rubrum L. Red or Swamp Maple.

rubrum L. var. tridens Wood. Springfield, L. Andrews.

Negundo L. Box Elder. Western part of our range.

SAPINDACEAE

Aesculus L. Horse-chestnut.
HippocastanuMm L. Common Horse-chestnut. Occasionally

propagates by seeds.

42

BALSAMINACEAE

Impatiens (Rivinius) L. Balsam. Jewelweed.
pallida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not.
biflora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not.

RHAMNACEAE

Rhamnus [Tourn.] L. Buckthorn.
alnifolia L’Her. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Has not been found
by other collectors.
CATHARTICA L. Common Buckthorn.
Ceanothus L. Red-root.
americanus L. New Jersey Tea.
ovatus Desf. Springfield, W. E. Johnson.

VITACEAE

Psedera Neck. Virginia Creeper. Woodbine.
quinquefolia (L.) Greene.
quinquefolia (L.) Greene. var. hirsuta (Donn) Rehder. Amherst;
A. Rehder in Rhodora, Vol. X, p. 26.
Ampelopsis
heterophylla Sieb. & Zucc. Escaping; Mass. Agr. College
grounds. (See Bailey’s Cyc. of Am. Hort. Vol. 1,
P. 59.
Vitis [Tourn.] L. Grape.
labrusca L. Northern Fox Grape.
aestivalis Michx. Summer or Pigeon Grape.
cordifolia Michx. Frost or Chicken Grape.
vulpina L. River-bank or Frost Grape.

TILIACEAE

Tilia [Tourn.] L. Linden.
americana L. Basswood.

MALVACEAE

Abutilon [Tourn.] Mill. Indian Mallow.
Theophrasti Medic. Velvet Leaf.
Malva [Tourn.] L. Mallow.
ROTUNDIFOLIA L. Common Mallow, Cheeses.
SYLVESTRIS L. High Mallow.
MOSCHATA L. Musk Mallow.
Hibiscus L. Rose Mallow.
TrionuM L. Flower-of-an-hour. Springfield, L. Andrews.

43

HYPERICACEAE

Hypericum [Tourn.] L. St. John’s-wort.
Ascyron L. Great St. John’s-wort.
PERFORATUM L. Common St. John’s-wort.
punctatum Lam.
ellipticum Hook.
mutilum L.
majus (Gray) Britton. Conway, H. G. Jesup; Springfield.
canadense L.
gentianoides (L.) BSP. Orange Grass. Pineweed.
virginicum L. Marsh St. John’s-wort.

CISTACEAE

Helianthemum [Tourn.] Mill. Rockrose.
canadense (L.?) Michx. Frostweed.
Lechea (Kalm) L. Pinweed.
villosa Ell.
minor L.
intermedia Leggett. Springfield, L. Andrews.
maritima Leggett. var. interior Robinson. Training School
grounds, Springfield, L. Andrews.
tenuifolia Michx. Southwick, S. Stebbins; Amherst, E. F..
Bishop.

VIOLACEAE

This genus, Viola, has recently been extensively revised and many
new species have been added. The tendency to hybridization renders-
the determination of species difficult.

Viola [Tourn.] L. Violet. Heart’s-ease.
pedata L. Bird-foot Violet.
pedata L. var. lineariloba DC. Springfield, L. Andrews.
cucullata Ait.
latiuscula Greene.
papilionacea Pursh.
palmata L.
triloba Schwein. Springfield, L. Andrews.
sororia Willd.
septentrionalis Greene.
fimbriatula Sm.
sagittata Ait.
Selkirkii Pursh.
lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet.
primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet.

44

pallens (Banks) Brainerd.

blanda Willd. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, and Mt. Toby.

renifolia Gray.

‘rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved or Early Yellow Violet.

pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet.

scabriuscula Schwein.

canadensis L. Canada Violet.

striata Ait. Amherst, E. Hitchcock; South Hadley, Mrs. C. S.
Phelps.

conspersa Reichenb.

rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. Whately Glen and Rattle-
snake Gutter.

TRICOLOR L. Pansy. Heart’s-ease.

ARVENSIS Murr. Wild Pansy.

THYMELAEACEAE

Dirca L. Leatherwood. Moosewood.
palustris L. Wicopy.

ELAEAGNACEAE

Elaeagnus [Tourn.] L.
umbellata Thunbg. Escaping freely on Mass. Agr. College
grounds. See Bailey’s Cyc. of Am. Hort., Vol. II,
p. 524.

LYTHRACEAE

Ammannia [Houston] L.
KOEHNEI Britton. Lombard Reservoir, Springfield, Dr. W. H.
Chapin.
_Decodon J. F. Gmel. Swamp Loosestrife.
virticillatus (L.) Ell. Water Willow. Belchertown, Sunderland,
Springfield, etc.
Lythrum L. Loosestrife.
alatum Pursh. Sunderland, R. E. Torrey; Springfield, L. An-
drews.
SALICARIA L. Spiked Loosestrife. Wet places.
VIRGATUM L.

MELASTOMACEAE
-Rhexia L. Deer Grass. Meadow Beauty.
virginica L. Leverett, Shutesbury, H. G. Jesup; Warwick, C.S.
Plumb; Sunderland, A. V.Osmun._ Rather rare,
but abundant locally.

45

ONAGRACEAE
Ludvigia L. False Loosestrife.
alternifolia L. Seedbox. Hadley, E. Tuckerman; Springfield,
Mrs. M. L. Owen.
polycarpa Short and Peter. East Longmeadow, Dr. W. H.
Chapin.
palustris (L.) Ell. Water Purslane.
Epilobium L. Willow-herb.
angustifolium L. Great Willow-herb. Fire-weed.
molle Torr. Sunderland, Amherst.
densum Raf.
coloratum Muhl.
adenocaulon Haussk.
Oenothera L. Evening Primrose.
cruciata Nutt. Sunderland, Northampton, etc., S. C. Brooks.
muricata L. Amherst, S. C. Brooks.
biennis L. Common Evening Primrose.
grandifiora Ait. Pansy Park, Belchertown, L. W. Goodell};
Springfield. Escaped from cultivation.
pumila L.
fruticosa L. Sundrops. South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps.
Circaea [Tourn.] L. Enchanter’s Nightshade.
lutetiana L.
alpina L.

HALORAGIDACEAE

Myriophyllum [Vaill.] L. Water Milfoil.
verticillatum L.
humile (Raf.) Morong. Hadley, H. G. Jesup; Springfield, L.
Andrews.
humile (Raf.) Morong. forma capillaceum (Torr.) Fernald. Herb.
Spfld Sci. Museum.
tenellum Bigel.
Proserpinaca L. Mermaid-weed.
palustris L.

ARALIACEAE

Aralia [Tourn.] L.
racemosa L. Spikenard.
hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. Wild Elder.
nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla.

46

_Panax L. Ginseng.
quinquefolium L. Ginseng. Deerfield, Conway, Mt. Toby, Am-
herst, etc. The ginseng of commerce, collected
and cultivated for its medicinal roots.
trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng. Ground-nut.

UMBELLIFERAE

-Sanicula [Tourn.] L. Sanicle. Black Snakeroot.
marilandica L.
gregaria Bicknell. Springfield, L. Andrews.
canadensis L. .
Hydrocotyle [Tourn.] L. Water Pennywort.
americana L.
-Osmorhiza Raf. Sweet Cicely.
Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke.
longistylis (Torr.) DC.
“Conium L. Poison Hemlock.
MACULATUM L. A poisonous plant.
-Cicuta L. Water Hemlock.
maculata L. Spotted Cowbane. Musquash Root. Beaver Poison.
bulbifera L.
Carum L. Caraway.
Carvi L. Caraway. Around old dwellings.
Berula Hoffm.
erecta (Huds.) Coville.
Sium [Tourn.] L. Water Parsnip.
cicutaefolium Shrank.
-Cryptotaenia DC. Honewort.
canadensis (L.) DC.
_Zizia Koch.
aurea (L.) Koch. Golden Alexanders.
Taenidia Drude.
integerrima (L.) Drude. Montague, J. L. Bennett; Dr. N. A.
Cobb’s List.
‘Thaspium Nutt. Meadow Parsnip.
aureum Nutt.
Pastinaca L. Parsnip.
SATIVA L.
Anethum [Tourn.] L. Dill.
graveolens L. Feeding Hills, Springfield. Herb. Spfld Sci.
Museum.
Heracleum L. Cow Parsnip.
lanatum Michx.

47

Angelica L. Angelica.
atropurpurea L.
Daucus [Tourn.] L. Carrot.
Carota L. One of our worst biennial weeds.

CORNACEAE

Cornus [Tourn.] L. Cornel. Dogwood.
canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel. Bunchberry.
florida L. Flowering Dogwood.
circinata L’Her. Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood. A beauti-
ful species found largely in rich humus of moun-
tainous regions.
Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnik.
stolonifera Michx. Red-ozier Dogwood.
paniculata L’Her.
alternifolia L. f.
Nyssa L. Tupelo. Pepperidge. Sour Gum.
sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum. Generally distributed, but not
well known.

ERICACEAE

Clethra [Gronov.] L. White Alder.
alnifolia L. Sweet Pepperbush. Belchertown swamp, R. E.
Torrey. This is the most western station known
to us in Mass. Common near the coast. A valua-
ble honey plant.
Chimaphila Pursh. Pipsissewa.
umbellata (L.) Nutt. Prince’s Pine. Pipsissewa.
maculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. Less common than
the preceding.
Moneses Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola.
uniflora (L.) Gray. Williamsburg, H. G. Jesup ; Mt. Toby, H. L.
Clark in Rhodora, Vol. 1, p. 165; North Leverett,
R. E. Torrey ; Amherst.
Pyrola [Tourn.] L. Wintergreen. Shin Leaf.
secunda L.
chlorantha Sw.
elliptica Nutt. Shin Leaf.
americana Sweet.
asarifolia Michx.
Monotropa L. Pinesap.
uniflora L. Indian Pipe. Corpse Plant.
Hypopitys L. Pinesap. Fake Beech Drops.

48.

Pterospora Nutt. Pine Drops.
andromedea Nutt. Easthampton, E. Hitchcock. Not observed
by other collectors.
Ledum L. Labrador Tea.
groenlandicum Oeder. Amherst, Hitchcock Catal.; Greenfield,
Plumtrees Road; Springfield, Miss F. A. Steb-
bins.
Rhododendron L.
viscosum (L.) Torr. Clammy Azalea. White Swamp Honey-
suckle. Belchertown, etc. Rather rare and local.
More common near the coast.
viscosum (L.) Torr. var. glaucum (Michx.) Gray. Springfield,
L. Andrews.
nudiflorum (L.) Torr. Purple Azalea. Pinxter Flower.
canescens (Michx.) G. Don. This species seems to be more com-
mon than the preceding in the Conn. Valley. Ac-
cording to our observations a mark of distinction
between the two is the simultaneous appearance of
flowers and leaves in R. canescens.
canadense (L.) BSP. Rhodora.
Kalmia L. Laurel.
latifolia L. Mountain Laurel. Spoon-wood.
latifolia L. forma polypetala Nicholson. [See Alfred Rehder
in Rhodora, Vol. XII, p.1.] This interesting form
of Kalmia was discovered by Miss M. Bryant at
South Deerfield, and described by Asa Gray in the
Am. Nat., Vol. IV, p. 373; 1871. In this form the
corolla is completely divided into linear or liliform
divisions. One of these forms is in the Arnold
Arboretum, and Prof. C.S. Sargent has figured
and described it in Garden and Forest, Vol. II,
PP. 452-453. The writer discovered a similar form
in Leverett near a roadside, in 1907. (See Rho-
dora, Vol. II, p. 199.) And in June, roto, a large
clump of the same was discovered at Mt. Toby.
angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel. Lambkill. Wicky.
polifolia Wang. Pale Laurel. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin.
Rare. Amherst.
Andromeda L.
glaucophylla Link. Bog Rosemary. Belchertown south pond,
Hampton pond; Springfield, S. Stebbins and Dr.
W.H. Chapin; Florence. See Rhodora, Vol. V,
pp. 67-71.

+9

Lyonia Nutt.
ligustrina (L.) DC. Male Berry.
Chamaedaphne Muench. Leather Leaf. Cassandra.
calyculata (L.) Muench.
Epigaea L. Ground Laurel. Trailing Arbutus.
repens L. Mayflower.
Gaultheria [Kalm] L. Aromatic Wintergreen.
procumbens L. Teaberry. Checkerberry.
Arctostaphylos Adans. Bearberry.
Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Not common.
Calluna Salisb. Heather. Ling.
vulgaris (L.) Hull. Northfield, C. C. Frost. Probably an escape.
Chiogenes Salisb. Creeping Snowberry.
hispidula (L.) T. & G. Moxie Plum. Capillaire. Swamps, Spring-
field, Amherst, etc. Local.
Gaylussacia HBK. Huckleberry.
frondosa (L.) T.& G. Blue Tangle. Dangleberry.
baccata (Wang.) C. Koch. Black Huckleberry.
Vaccinium L. Blueberry. Cranberry.
stamineum L. Deerberry. Squaw Huckleberry.
pennsylvanicum Lam. Low Sweet Blueberry. Early Sweet
Blueberry.
pennsylvanicum Lam. forma leucocarpum Deane. The common
blueberry runs into many forms, varying in color and
translucency of the fruit. Forma leucocarpum
with white fruit is most pronounced.
pennsylvanicum Lam. var. nigrum Wood. Low Black Blueberry.
vacillans Kalm. Late Low Blueberry.
corymbosum L. High Blueberry.
atrococcum (Gray) Heller. Black High Blueberry.
Oxycoccus L. Small Cranberry.
macrocarpon Ait. Large or American Cranberry.

PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia [Tourn.] L. Loosestrife.
punctata L. Roadsides, South Amherst, H. G. Jesup. Not found
at this station now. See Rhodora, Vol. IV, p. 62.
quadrifolia L.
terrestris (L.) BSP.
NuMMULARIA L. Moneywort. Common.
thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife.
Steironema Raf.
ciliatum (L.) Raf.
5

50°

Trientalis L. Chickweed. Wintergreen.
americana (Pers.) Pursh. Star Flower. This plant should be
called Trientalis borealis Raf. See W.H. Blanch-
ard in Rhodora, Vol. XI, p. 236.

OLEACEAE

Fraxinus [Tourn.] L. Ash.
americana L. White Ash. Our most common ash; the others
more or less rare.
pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash.
pennsylvanica Marsh. var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Green Ash.
nigra Marsh. Black Ash.
Ligustrum [Tourn.] L. Privet.
VULGARE L. Privet or Prim. Much more common near the
coast.

GENTIANACEAE

Gentiana [Tourn.] L. Gentian.
crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian.
quinquefolia L. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup; Hoosac Mountain
(probably within our range), E. Hitchcock ; Bland-
ford, Mrs. S. T. Seelye; Cobb’s List.
Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian.
linearis Froel. Hoosac Mts. (within our range), S. C. Brooks.
Halenia Borkh. Spurred Gentian.
deflexa (Sm.) Grisebach. Cummington, H. G. Jesup.
Bartonia Muhl.
virginica (L.) BSP.
Menyanthes [Tourn.] L. Buckbean.
trifoliata L.
Nymphoides [Tourn.] Hill. Floating Heart.
lacunosum (Vent.) Fernald. Ponds, South Hadley, Belchertown,
etc., S. C. Brooks.

APOCYNACEAE

Apocynum [Tourn.] L. Dogbane. Indian Hemp.
androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane.
medium Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews.
cannabinum L. Indian Hemp.

51

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias [Tourn.] L. Milkweed. Silkweed.
tuberosa L. Butterfly-weed. Pleurisy-root.
purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed.
incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed>
incarnata L. var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. Springfield, L. Andrews.
cannabinum L. Indian Hemp.
syriaca L. Common Milkweed or Silkweed.
amplexicaulis Sm.
phytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed.
quadrifolia Jacq.
verticillata L.

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea L. Morning Glory.
purpurea (L.) Roth.
Convolvulus [Tourn.] L. Bindweed.

spithamaeus L.

JAPONICUS Thunb. Escaped from cultivation.

sepium L. Hedge Bindweed.

Cuscuta [Tourn.] L. Dodder.

Epithymum Murr. Occasionally found parasitic on clover and
alfalfa, causing “ lodging” of the host plant. In-
troduced in clover seed, but not persisting.

arvensis Beyrich. Occasionally affecting alfalfa and clover.

Gronovii Willd. Common on alders, etc., but observed growing
on raspberry bushes.

POLEMONIACEAE

Phlox L.
paniculata L. Persistent and occasionally escaped.
stolonifera Sims. Amherst, E. N. Brown.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Hydrophyllum [Tourn.] L. Waterleaf.
uirginianum L. Rare.

52
BORAGINACEAE

Cynoglossum [Tourn.] L. Hound’s Tongue.
OFFICINALE L. Common Hound’s Tongue.
boreale Fernald. Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun.
Lappula [Rivinius] Muench. Stickseed.
virginiana (L.) Greene. Beggar’s Lice. Springfield, L. Andrews ;
Amherst.
Symphytum [Tourn.] L. Comfrey.
OFFICINALE L. Common Comfrey. Waste places; Belchertown,
Leverett, etc.
Lycopsis L. Bugloss.
arvensis L. Small Bugloss. Amherst and Hatfield, E. Hitch-
cock.
Myosotis (Rupp.) L. Scorpion-grass. Forget-me-not.
SCORPIOIDES L. True Forget-me-not. Amherst, etc.
arvensis (L.) Hill. Hitchcock Catal.
virginica (L.) BSP. Amherst, Mt. Holyoke, etc., H. G. Jesup.
Lithospermum [Tourn.] L. Gromwell. Puccoon.
ARVENSE L. Corn Gromwell. Longmeadow; Springfield, L.
Andrews.
Onosmodium Michx. False Gromwell.
virginianum (L) DC. Monson, E. Hitchcock; Long Hill, Spring-
field, Mrs. Burnham.
Echium [Tourn.] L. Viper’s Bugloss.
VULGARE L. Blue-weed. Blue Devil. Roadsides near Green-
field, F.G Tuckerman; Springfield, Dr. George
Demock; Conway, H. G. Jesup.

VERBENACEAE

Verbena [Tourn.] L. Vervain.
urticaefolia L. White Vervain.
angustifolia Michx. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock ; Amherst, W.
S. Clark; Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins; Mt. Holyoke,
H. G. Jesup.
hastata L. Blue Vervain.

LABIATAE

Teucrium [Tourn.] L. Germander.

canadense L. American Germander. Wood Sage.
Trichostema L. Blue Curls.

dichotomum L. Bastard Pennyroyal.

53

Scutellaria L. Skullcap.
lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap. A form with white flowers
has been found at Sunderland by R. E. Torrey.
galericulata L.
Marrubium [Tourn.] L. Horehound.
VULGARE L. Common Horehound.
Agastache Clayt. Giant Hyssop.
nepetoides (L.) Ktze. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Not since col-
lected.
Nepeta L. Cat Mint.
CaTaria L. Catnip.
HEDERACEA (L.) Trevisan. Ground Ivy. Gill-over-the-Ground.
Prunella L. Self-heal.
vulgaris L. Heal-all. Carpenter-weed.
Galeopsis L. Hemp. Nettle.
TETRAHIT L, Common Hemp. Nettle.
Lamium L. Dead Nettle.
AMPLEXICAULE L. Henbit.
PURPUREUM L,
Leonurus L. Motherwort.
Carpiaca L. Common Motherwort.
Stachys [Tourn.] L. Hedge Nettle.
TENUIFOLIA Willd. var. ASPERA (Michx.) Fernald.
Monarda L. Horse Mint.
pipyMA L. Oswego Tea. Bee Balm. Roadsides, Leverett, etc.
FISTULOSA L. Wild Bergamot. Shelburne, F. G. Tuckerman;
Mt. Toby, A. V.Osmun. Prof. Osmun observed
a largecolony of the species on Mt. Toby quite
remote from any habitation, which had all the ap-
pearance of being indigenous. Prof. Tuckerman
apparently considered it indigenous, although M.
L. Fernald (Rhodora, Vol. III, p. 15) describes it
as an escape in New England.
Blephilia Raf.
ciliata (L.) Raf. Hadley, H. G. Jesup.
hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. Wood Mint. Cummington, etc. E.
Hitchcock.
Hedeoma Pers. Mock Pennyroyal.
pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal.
Melissa [Tourn.] L. Balm.
officinalis L. Common Balm. Escaped from gardens, Conway,
H. G. Jesup.
Satureja [Tourn.] L. Savory. Calamint.
vulgaris (L.) Fritsch. Basil. Apparently native.

54

Origanum [Tourn.] L. Wild Marjoram.
VULGARE L. Roadsides, Amherst, etc.
Pycnanthemum Michx. Mountain Mint. Basil.
flexuosum (Walt.) BSP.
virginianum (L.) Durand & Jackson.
incanum (L.) Michx. Mt. Holyoke, etc., H. G. Jesup.
muticum (Michx) Pers.
Thymus [Tourn.] L.
SERPYLLUM L. Creeping Thyme. Amherst, etc., W. D. Bar-
low; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Spreading.
Lycopus [Tourn.] L. Water Horehound.
virginicus L. Bugle Weed.
uniflorus Michx. Bugle Weed. Springfield, L. Andrews.
americanus Muhl.
Mentha [Tourn.] L. Mint.
SPICATA L. Spearmint.
piperita L. Peppermint.
arvensis L. var. canadensis (L.) Briquet.
arvensis L. var. glabrata (Benth.) Fernald. Sunderland, R. E,
Torrey.
Collinsonia L. Horse Balm.
canadensis L. Rich-weed. Stone-root.

SOLANACEAE

Solanum [Tourn.] L. Nightshade.
DuLcAMARA L. Bitter-sweet.
nigrum L. Common Nightshade.
carolinense L. Horse Nettle. Training School grounds, Spring-
field.
Physalis L. Ground Cherry.
PRUINOSA L. Strawberry Tomato. Persistent and escaping.
heterophylla Nees. Springfield, L. Andrews ; Amherst.
virginiana Mill. Springfield, Amherst, etc.
Nicandra Adans. Apple of Peru.
PHYSALODES (L.) Pers.
Lycium L. Matrimony Vine.
halimifolium Mill. Sometimes escaped.
Hyoscyamus [Tourn.] L. Henbane.
NIGER L. Black Henbane.
Datura L. Jamestown Weed or Jimson Weed. Thorn Apple.
STRAMONIUM L. Stramonium.
TatuLa L. Purple Thorn Apple.

55

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Verbascum [Tourn.] L. Mullein.
TuHapsus L. Common Mullein.
BLATTARIA L. Moth Mullein. Roadsides, etc.
Linaria [Tourn.] Hill. Toadflax.
VULGARIS Hill. Ramsted. Butter and Eggs.
canadensis (L.) Dumont.
Scrophularia [Tourn.] L. Figwort.
marilandica L.
leporella Bicknell. Amherst, S. F. Hamblin; Springfield, L. An-
drews.
Pentstemon (Mitchell) Ait.
hirsutus (L.) Willd. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis; East Am-
herst, H. L. Clark in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 164; Had-
ley, Cobb’s List.
LAEVIGATUS Ait. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis.
grandifiorus Nutt. Springfield, in waste land on the edge of the
city, Dr. W. H. Chapin; Rhodora, Vol. VII, p.36.
Springfield, Miss E. J. Steele and Joel Hendrick.
Chelone [Tourn.] L. Turtlehead. Snakehead.
glabra L. Balmony.
Mimulus L. Monkey Flower.
ringens L.
alatus Ait. Ambherst, E. Hitchcock. Not observed in recent
years.
Ilysanthes Raf. False Pimpernel.
dubia (L.) Barnhart.
Gratiola L. Hedge Hyssop.
virginiana L.
aurea Muhl.
Veronica [Tourn.] L. Speedwell.
virginica L. Culver’s-root. Culver’s Physic.
Anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell.
americana Schwein. American Brooklime.
scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell.
officinalis L. Common Speedwell.
serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell.
peregrina L. Neckweed. Purslane Speedwell.
ARVENSIS L. Corn Speedwell.
Gerardia (Plumier) L. Gerardia.
pedicularia L.
flava L. Downy False F oxglove.
virginica (L.) BSP. Smooth False Foxglove.

56

G. paupercula (Gray) Britton. Purple Gerardia. Generally distrib-
uted, but not common.
tenuifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia.
Castilleja Mutis. Painted Cup.
coccinea (L.) Spreng. Scarlet Painted Cup. Generally distrib-
uted, but not common.
Melampyrum [Tourn.] L. Cow Wheat.
lineare Lam.
Pedicularis [Tourn.] L. Lousewort.
canadensis L. Common Lousewort. Wood Betony.
lanceolata Michx. Prescott, E. F. Bishop, H. G. Jesup; West
Springfield, E. Hitchcock. See Rhodora, Vol.
VII, p. 36.
Schwalbea [Gronov.] L. Chaff-seed.
americana L, Montague, H. G. Jesup. Possibly introduced.

LENTIBULARIACEAE

Utricularia L. Bladderwort.

inflata Walt. Belchertown ponds, etc.

vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort.

minor L. Smaller Bladderwort. Leverett pond, etc.

gibba L. Leverett pond, E. F. Bishop; Springfield, Mrs. M. L.
Owen ; and elsewhere.

intermedia Hayne. Springfield, S. Stebbins; Leverett, Belcher-
town, etc.

purpurea Walt. Belchertown, E.F. Bishop; Springfield, Mrs.
M. L. Owen; and elsewhere.

resupinata B. D. Greene. Belchertown, E. F. Bishop.

cornuta Michx.

OROBANCHACEAE
Epifagus Nutt. Beech-drops. Cancer-root.
virginiana (L.) Bart.
Conopholis Wallr. Squaw-root. Cancer-root.
americana (L. f.) Wallr. Mt. Holyoke, E. Hitchcock; Mt.
Tom, S. Stebbins; Mt. Toby, H. L. Clark in Rho-
dora, Vol. I, p. 165.
Orobanche [Tourn.] L. Broom-rape.
uniflora L. One-flowered Cancer-root.

PHRYMACEAE
Phryma L. Lopseed.
Leptostachya L.

57

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago [Tourn.] L. Plantain. Ribwort.
major L. Common Plantain. The old Indian name was “White
Man’s Foot,” applied because of its appearance in
clearings made by the early settlers. It was for-
merly considered as an introduced plant, but is
now recognized as native to America; it is also
cosmopolitan.
Rugelii Dene. Very common.
LANCEOLATA L. Rib Grass. Ripple Grass. English Plantain.
.South Amherst, 1829, E. Hitchcock. Then ap-
parently rare; now very common.
MEDIA L. Hoary Plaintain. Becoming common.
Purshit R, & S. Springfield, 1879; Amherst, H. L. Clark in Rho-
dora, Vol. 1, p. 165. Adventive from the West.
ARISTATA Michx. Near Pratt Field, Amherst, S. C. Brooks;
Springfield, L. Andrews.

RUBIACEAE
Asperula L.
galioides Bieb. Northampton, Miss G. L. Pettis.
odorata L. Sweet Woodruff. Northampton, Miss G. L. Pettis.
See Bailey’s Enc. of Am. Hort., p. 108.
Galium L. Bedstraw. Cleavers.
Aparine L. Cleavers. Goose Grass. Hitchcock Catal.
VERUM L. Yellow Bedstraw. Springfield, Amherst, etc.
pilosum Ait.
circaezans Michx. Wild Liquorice.
lanceolatum Torr. Wild Liquorice.
boreale L. Northern Bedstraw.
Mo.uive6o L.
trifidum L.
Claytoni Michx. Springfield, L. Andrews.
tinctorium L.
asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw.
triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw.
Mitchella L. Partridge Berry.
repens L.
Cephalanthus L. Buttonbush.
occidentalis L.

Houstonia L.
caerulea L. Bluets. Innocence.

longifolia Gaertn. Springfield.

58

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Diervilla [Tourn.] Mill. Bush Honeysuckle.
Lonicera Mill.
Lonicera L. Honeysuckle.

caerulea L. var. villosa (Michx.) T.& G. Mountain Fly Honey-
suckle. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Mt. Hol-
yoke, Dr. H. E. Hooker.

tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Amherst; escaped from

cultivation.

canadensis Marsh. American Fly Honeysuckle.

sempervirens L. Trumpet Honeysuckle. Sparingly spontan-
eous.

dioica L.
Symphoricarpos [Dill.] Ludwig. Snowberry.
racemosus Michx. Snowberry. Ambherst, escaped from cultiva-
tion.
Linnaea [Gronov.] L. Twin-flower.
borealis L. var. americana (Forbes) Rehder.
Triosteum L. Feverwort. Horse Gentian.
perfoliatum L. Tinker’s Weed. Wild Coffee.

aurantiacum Bicknell. North Wilbraham; Herb. Spfld Sci.
Museum.

Viburnum [Tourn.] L. Arrow-wood. Laurestinus.

alnifolium Marsh. Hobble-bush. Witch Hobble. Moosewood.
Confined to rich humus soils.

Opulus L. var. americanum (Mill.) Ait. Cranberry-tree. High-
bush Cranberry. Pimbina.

acerifolium L. Dockmackie. Arrow-wood.
dentatum L, Arrow-wood. 7
cassinoides L. Withe Rod. Wild Raisin.
Lentago L. Sweet Viburnum. Sheepberry. Nannyberry. Wild
Raisin.
Sambucus [Tourn.] L. Elder.
canadensis L. Common Elder.
racemosa L. Red-berried Elder.

VALERIANACEAE
Valeriana [Tourn.] L. Valerian.

officinalis L. oo Heliotrope. Slightly escaped from gar-
ens.

Valerianella [Tourn.] Hill. Corn Salad. Lamb’s Lettuce.
radiata (L.) Dufr. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum; Springfield rail-
roads, Miss Eaton, 1892. Doubtfully native in
this vicinity.
radiata (L.) Dufr. var. leiocarpa (T. & G.) Krok. Springfield, C.
B. Graves in Rhodora, Vol. 1V, p. 195.

59

DIPSACACEAE

Dipsacus [Tourn.] L. Teasel.
sylvestris Huds. Wild Teasel. Cobb’s List.

CUCURBITACEAE

Sicyos L.. One-seeded Bur Cucumber.
angulatus L.

Echinocystis T. & G. Wild Balsam-apple.
lobata (Michx.) T. & G.

CAMPANULACEAE

Specularia (Heist.] Fabricius. Venus’s Looking-glass.
perfoliata (L.) A. DC.

Campanula [Tourn.] L. Bellflower.
rotundifolia L. Harebell. Bluebell.
aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bluebell.

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia [Plumier] L.

cardinalis L. Cardinal-flower.

SIPHILITICA L. Great Lobelia. Occasional.

spicata Lam.

Kalmii L. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock ; Greenfield, F. G. Tuck-
erman; Turner’s Falls, C. S. Plumb; Amherst, W.
D. Barlow.

inflata L. Indian Tobacco.

Dortmanna L. Water Lobelia.

COMPOSITAE

Vernonia Schreb. Ironweed.
noveboracensis Willd. West Springfield, E. Hitchcock.
Eupatorium [Tourn.] L. Thoroughwort.
purpureum L. Joe-Pye Weed. Trumpet Weed.
purpureum L. var. maculatum (L.) Darl. Springfield, etc., L.
Andrews. ‘
verbenaefolium Michx.
sessilifolium be Upland Boneset. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, H. G..
esup.
perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort. Boneset.
urticaefolium Reichard. White Snakeroot.
Mikania Willd. Climbing Hemp-weed.
scandens (L.) Willd.
Liatris Schreb.
scariosa Willd.

60

Solidago L. Golden-rod.

squarrosa Muhl. Mt. Holyoke, Mt. Toby; Agawam, L. A.
Marsh; Shutesbury, Sunderland, C. S. Plumb.

caesia L.

caesia L. var. axillaris (Pursh.) Gray. Cobb’s List.

latifolia L.

bicolor L.

puberula Nutt. Pelham, H. G. Jesup; South Hadley, Mrs. C.S,
Phelps ; Amherst.

uliginosa Nutt.

speciosa Nutt.

patula Muhl.

arguta Ait. Mt. Holyoke ; Leverett, H. G. Jesup.

juncea Ait.

neglecta T. & G.

odora Ait. Sweet Golden-rod.

ulmifolia Muhl.

rugosa Mill.

nemoralis Ait.

canadensis L.

altissima L.

serotina Ait.

serotina Ait. and var. gigantea (Ait.) Gray.

rigida L. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock; also see Hoffmann in
Rhodora, Vol. V1, p. 206.

graminifolia (L.) Salisb.

tenuifolia Pursh. Springfield, L. Andrews.

_Aster [Tourn.] L. Starwort. Aster. Frost-flower.

divaricatus L.

Schreberi Nees. Springfield, L. Andrews.

macrophyllus L.

novae-angliae L.

patens Ait.

undulatus L.

cordifolius L.

laevis L.

ericoides L.

amethystinus Nutt. Hadley, E. Tuckerman, H. G. Jesup. Lev-
erett, C. S. Plumb.

multiflorus Ait.

dumosus L.

Jateriflorus (L.) Britton.

Tradescanti L.

paniculatus Lam.

A. salicifolius Ait.
longifolius Lam.
novi-belgii L. Springfield, L. Andrews.
puniceus L.
puniceus L. var. demissus Lind. Northampton, R. Cameron ;
M. L, Fernald in Rhodora, Vol. 1, p. 190.
puniceus L. var. compactus Fernald. Northampton, R. Cam-
eron; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 189.
puniceus L. var. firmus (Nees) T.&G. Springfield, L. An-
drews.
umbellatus Mill.
linariifolius L.
ptarmicoides T. & G. South Hadley Falls; Herb. Mt. Holyoke
College.
acuminatus Michx.
tenuifolius L.
Erigeron L. Fleabane.
pulchellus Michx. Robin’s Plantain.
philadelphicus L.
annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane. Sweet Scabious.
ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Daisy Fleabane.
ramosus (Walt.) BSP. var. discoideus (Robbins) BSP.
-canadensis L. Horse-weed. Butter-weed.
Sericocarpus Nees. White-topped Aster.
asteroides (L.) BSP.
linifolius (L.) BSP.
Antennaria Gaertn. Everlasting. Ladies’ Tobacco.
Parlinii Fernald. Mt. Holyoke (Notch); Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun..
canadensis Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews.
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Everlasting.
fallax Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews.
neodioica Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews.
neglecta Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews.
Anaphalis DC. Everlasting.
margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting.
Gnaphalium L. Cudweed.
polycephalum Michx. Common Everlasting.
decurrens Ives. Everlasting.
uliginosum L. Low Cudweed.
Inula L. Elecampane.
HELENIUM L. Elecampane.
Ambrosia [Tourn.] L. Ragweed.
trifida L. Great Ragweed.

62

_A. trifida L. bie oe ida (Muhl.) T. & G. Springfield, L. An-
rews.
artemisiifolia L. Roman Wormwood. Hog-weed. Bitter-weed.
Xanthium [Tourn.] L.” Cocklebur. Clotbur.
SPINOSUM L. Plainfield, Porter.
STRUMARIUM L. See Britton & Brown’s ///. Floraof N.A.,
Vol. III, p. 298.

ECHINATUM Murr. Springfield, L. Andrews.
-Heliopsis Pers. Ox-eye.
scabra Dunal. Springfield, L. Andrews.
Rudbeckia L. Cone-flower.
triloba L. Springfield, L. Andrews.
HIRTA L. Yellow Daisy. Black-eyed Susan. Nigger-head.
laciniata L.
Helianthus L. Sunflower.
annuus L. Common Sunflower. Frequently spontaneous.
scaberrimus Ell. Springfield, L. Andrews.
giganteus L.
divaricatus L.
strumosus L.
decapetalus L.

TUBEROSUS L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Northampton meadows;
Northfield meadows.

‘Coreopsis L. Tickseed.
TINCTORIA Nutt. Roadsides.
Bidens L. Bur Marigold.
frondosa L. Common Beggar-ticks. Stick-tight.
connata Muhl.
cernua L. Stick-tight.
laevis (L.) BSP.
Beckii Torr. Water Marigold. Agawam river, Mrs. M. L. Owen.
-Galinsoga R. & P.
parviflora Cav. Springfield, Dr. W.H. Chapin, 1888. Since
found elsewhere occasionally.
Helenium L. Sneezeweed.
nuadtfiorum Nutt. S.C. Brooks, 1910.
autumnale L. Springfield, L. Andrews.
_Achillea (Vaill.) L. Yarrow.
Millefolium L. Common Yarrow. Milfoil.
Anthemis (Mich.) L. Chamomile.
CotuLa L. May-weed. Dog Fennel.
ARVENSIS L. Corn Chamomile. Amherst, in grain fields.
‘Chrysanthemum [Tourn.] L. Ox-eye Daisy.
LEUCANTHEMUM L, Ox-eye or White Daisy. Marguerite.
White-weed. One of our worst weeds in mowings.

63

C. segetum L. Corn Chrysanthemum. Corn Marigold. Pansy
Park, Belchertown, L. W. Goodell. Escaped from
cultivation.

Parthenium (L.) Bernh. Feverfew. Springfield, L. Andrews.

Balsamita L. var. tanacetoides Boiss. _Costmary. Mint Ger-
anium. Roadsides, rare, E. Tuckerman.

Tanacetum L. Tansy.

VULGARE L. Common Tansy.

VULGARE L. var. cRISPUM DC. Occasional.
Artemisia L. Wormwood.

caudata Michx. Springfield, L. Andrews.

canadensis Michx. Mt. Sugarloaf, Sunderland.

VULGARIS L. Common Mugwort.

BIENNIS Willd. Springfield, L. Andrews.
Tussilago [Tourn.] L. Coltsfoot.

FarRFARA L. Amherst, Pelham, Granville, Springfield, Dr. W.
H. Chapin. One of our earliest introduced plants,
but still rare.

Petasites [Tourn.] Hill. Sweet Coltsfoot.
palmatus (Ait.) Gray. Sunderland, E. Hitchcock ; Amherst (1911),
R. E. Torrey. Probably Dr. Hitchcock’s original
station was Plumtrees, Sunderland, where it has
existed for many years and is stillfound. For a
number of years it did not appear here, but it has
recently come in again.
Erechtites Raf. Fireweed.
hieracifolia (L.) Raf.
Senecio [Tourn.] L. Groundsel. Ragwort. Squaw-weed.
VULGARIS L. Common Groundsel.
obovatus Muhl.
aureus L. Golden Ragwort.
Balsamitae Muhl.
Arctium L. Burdock.
Lappa L. Great Burdock.
MINUS Bernh. Common Burdock. Springfield, L. Andrews.
NEMEROSUM Lejeune & Courtois. Springfield, L. Andrews. See
M.L. Fernald and K. M. Wiegand in Rhodora,
Vol. XII, p. 45.
Cirsium [Tourn.] Hill.
lanceolatum (L.) Hill. Common or Bull Thistle.
discolor (Muhl.) Spreng.
altissimum (L.) Spreng.
muticum Michx. Swamp Thistle.
pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. Pasture or Bull Thistle.
ARVENSE (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle.

64

Onopordum (Vaill.) L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle.
Acantuium L. Amherst, H. L. Clark in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 164.
Centaurea L. Star Thistle.
Cyanus L. Bachelor’s Button.
NIGRA L. Knapweed. Spanish Buttons. Waste places, Hard-
wick, E. Hitchcock ; Amherst, etc.
Cichorium [Tourn.] L. Succory or Chicory.
IntyBus L. Common Chicory. Blue Sailors. Formerly rare
(1875), now quite common.
Krigia Schreb. Dwarf Dandelion.
virginica (L.) Willd.
amplexicaulis Nutt. Cynthia.
Leontodon L. Hawkbit.
AUTUMNALIS L. Fall Dandelion. ‘“ Arnica.’’ One station noted
in 1875 ; now rather common in some localities.
Picris L.
hieracotdes L. Springfield, waste places, Mrs. M. L. Owen.
echiordes L. Ox-tongue. Forest Park, Springfield, several plants
noted in 1894, Mrs. M. L. Owen.
Tragopogon [Tourn.] L. Goat’s Beard.
porrifolius L. Salsify. Oyster-plant. Huntington, escaped from
cultivation.

pratensis L. Huntington, Northampton, escaped from cultiva-
tion.

Taraxacum [Haller] Ludwig. Dandelion.

OFFICINALE Weber. Troublesome on lawns. For many years
what is known as the French dandelion has been
cultivated on the Mass. Agr. College grounds, and
has escaped very freely into nearby fields. It pre-
sents very different characteristics from the type
even when escaped, and is susceptible to a mildew
(Podosphaera), differing in this respect from the
type.

officinale Weber. var. palustre (Sm.) Blytt. Springfield, L. An-

drews.
ERYTHROSPERMUM Andrz. Red-seeded Dandelion. Mass. Agr.
College grounds.

Sonchus [Tourn.] L. Sow Thistle.
ARVENSIS L. Field Sow Thistle.
OLERACEUS L. Common Sow Thistle.
ASPER (L.) Hill. Spring-leaved Sow Thistle.
Lactuca [Tourn.] L. Lettuce.
SCARIOLA L. Prickly Lettuce. Springfield, L. Andrews.

SCARIOLA L. var. INTEGRATA Gren. & Godr. Springfield, L.
Andrews.

65

L. canadensis L. Wild Lettuce. Horse-weed. Springfield, L. An-
drews.

integrifolia Bigel.

hirsuta Muhl. Amherst, H. G. Jesup.

spicata (Lam.) Hitchce.

Crepis L. Hawk’s Beard.
capillaris (L.) Wallr. Springfield, L. Andrews.
Prenanthes (Vaill.) L. Rattlesnake-root.

alba L. White Lettuce. Rattlesnake-root.

trifoliata (Cass.) Fernald. Gall-of-the-earth.

altissima L.

Hieracium [Tourn.] L. Hawkweed.

AURANTIACUM L. Orange Hawkweed. Devil’s Paint-brush.
Formerly cultivated in gardens, and for the past 15
years a noxious weed in hay fields and on higher
elevations, especially in Worcester and Berkshire
counties.

venosum L. Rattlesnake-weed. Poor Robin’s Plantain.

paniculatum L.

marianum Willd. Dry Hill, Montague, R. E. Torrey.

scabrum Michx.

Gronovii L.

MURORUM L. Golden Lungwort. Established in open woods.
Northampton, Mrs. E.H. Terry; Rhodora, Vol.
VII, p. 80.

canadense Michx.

Index to Genera and Common Names.

Page
A
Abies 5
Abutilon 42
Acalypha 40
Acer 1
Achillia 2
Acorus 16
Actaea 30
Adder’s Mouth 21
Tongue 2
Adiantum I
Adlumia 31
Aesculus 41
Agastache 5
Agrimonia 3
Agropyron IL
Agrostemma 28
Agrostis 9
Ailanthus 40
Alder 23
Aletris 18
Alfalfa 38
Alisma 7
Allium 17
Alnus 23
Alopecurus 9
Alsike Clover 37
Alyssum il, 31
Amaranth _ 26
Amaranthus ii, 26
Ambrosia _ 1
Amelanchier 34

American Aspen 22

Bladder Nut 41
Brooklime 55
Hamer. o
y Honey-
suckle 58
Germander 52

Mountain Ash 34
Pennyroyal 53
Wh. Hellebore £7

Yew) 5
Ammania 44
Amorpha 3
Ampelopsis 42
Amphicarpa 9
Anaphalis 5
Andromeda 48

Andropogon ve

Anemone 29
Anemonella 29
Anethum 36
Angelica _ Z
Antennaria I
Anthemis 62
Anthoxanthum 8
Anychia 27
Apios 39
Aplectrum al
Apocynum 50
3

Apple 4
Abbe of Peru $4

Page

Aquilegia 0
Arabis fi
Aralia 45
Arceuthobium 24
Arctium 63
Arctostaphylos 49
Arenaria 27
Arethusa 20
Arisaema 16
Aristida 8
Aristolochia 24
Aromatic Winter-

een 49
Aishenatheram 10
Arrow Arum I
Arrow-head a.

Arrow-leaved
Tear-thumb ae

Arrow-wood P
Artemisia 3
Asarum 24
Asclepias SI
Ash 50
Asparagus 18
Asperula 57
Aspidium I
Asplenium I
Aster 60
Avena 10
Avens 36
Awned Wheat
Grass iI
B
Bachelor’s But’n 64
Bald Rush 12
Balm 53
Balm of Gilead 22
Balmony 55
Balsam 42
Fir 5
Poplar 22
Baneberry 30
Baptisia 37
Barbarea 32
Barberry 30

Barnyard Grass 8
Barren Strawb’y 35

Bartonia 50
Basil 53
Basswood 42
Bastard Penny-
royal 52
Toad-flax 24
Bayberry 22
Beak Rush 13
Beaked Hazeln’t 23
Bearberry 49
Beard Grass 7
Bear Oak 23
Bedstraw 57
Beech 23
Fern I

Page
Beech-drops 56
Beggar’s Lice 52
Belamcanda 19
Bellflower 59
Bellwort 17
Bent Grass 9
Benzoin 31
Berberis 30
Bermuda Grass 10
Berteroa 31
Berula 46
Betula 23
Bidens 62
Bindweed 51
Bird-foot Violet 43
Bird’s Foot Tre-
foil 38
Birthwort 24
Bitter Cress 32
ock 25
Nut 22
Bitter-sweet 54
Black Alder 41
Ash 50
Bindweed 25
Gum 47
Henbane 54
High Blueber’y 49
Huckleberry ~ 49
Medick 38
Mustard 32
Poplar 22
Snakeroot 30
Spruce 5
Sugar Maple 41
Walnut 22
Willow 21
Blackberry Lily 19
Bladder Cam-
pion 28
Fern 2
Nut 4
Bladderwort 56
Blephilia 53
Blood Root 31
Blueberry 49
Blue Cohosh 30
Curls 52
‘Tangle 49
Vervain 52
Blue-eyed Grass 19

Blue-joint Grass 9

Blue-weed 52
Bluets 57
Boehmeria 24
Bog Rosemary 4
Rush 17
Botrychium 2
Bottle-brush
Grass II
Bottle Grass 8
Bouncing Bet 28
Box Elder 41

Brachyelytrum 9

Page
Brake Zr
Bramble 36
Brasenia 29
Brassica 2

Bristly Crowfoot 3
Foxtail Grass

Sarsaparilla 45
Briza 10
Brome Grass I
Bromus il
Broom-rape 56
Buckbean 50
Buckthorn 42
Buckwheat 26
Buffalo Currant 34
Bugbane 30
Bugle Weed 54
Bugloss 52
Bulbous Butter-

cup 29
Bullace Plum = 37
Bulrush 12
Burdock 63
Bur Marigold 62
Bur-reed 6
Bush Clover 38

Honeysuckle 58
Buttercup 29
Butterfly-weed 51
Butternut 22
Buttonbush 57

Cc
Calamagrostis 9
Calingale IL
Calla 16
Callitriche 40
Calluna 49
Calopogon 20
Caltha 30
Camelina 31
Campanula 39
Campion
Camptosorus I
Canada Blue

Grass 10

Thistle 63

Violet 44
Canadi’n Burnet 3
Canary Grass 8
Cannabis 24
Capsella 31
Caraway 46
Cardamine 32
Cardinal-flower 59
Carex 13, 14, 15
Carpet Weed 27
Carpinus 2
Carrion Flower 1
Carrot ay)
Carum 46
Carya 22

Cassia 37
Castalia 29
Castanea 2
Castilleja 5
Catchfly 28
ay Mint 53
atnip 5
Cat-tail 3

Cat-tail Flag 6
Caulophyllum 30

Ceanothus 42
Celandine 31
Celastrus 41
Celtis 4
Cenchrus

Centaurea 64
Cephalanthus 57
Cerastium 27
Ceratophyllum 238
Chaff-see 56
Chain Fern I

Chamaecyparis 5
Chamaedaphne 49
Chamomile 2
Cheat Grass Ir
Chelidonium 31
Chelone 55
Chenopodium — 26

Chestnut 23

Oak 23
Chickweed 27
Chicory 64

Chimaphila 47
Chinquapin Oak 23
Chiogenes 49
Chokeberry 34
Choke Cherry 37
Christmas Fern “1
Chrysanthemum 62

Chrysosplenium 33
Cichorium bs
Cicuta 4!
Cimicifuga 39
Cinna
Cinnamon Fern 2
Rose 37
Cinquefoil 35
Circaea 5
Cirsium 3,
Cladium I 3
Clammy Azalea 4
Locust
Claytonia 28
Cleavers 57
Clematis 30
Clethra 47
Cliff Brake I
Climbing False
Buckwheat 25
Fern 2
Fumitory 31
Hemp-weed 5)
Clintonia 4
Closed Gentian 50
Clover 37
Club Moss 3
Cocklebur 62
Colic Root 18
Collinsonia 4
Coltsfoot 3
Columbine 30

Comandra 24

68

Comfre 52
Commelina 16
Cone-flower 62
Conium 46
Conopholis 56
Conringia 32
Convallaria 18
Convolvulus 51
Coptis 30
Coral Root 21
Corallorrhiza 2
Coreopsis 62

Corn Chamomile 62
ae 63

Cockle 25
Gromwell 52
Salad 58
Speedwell 55
Spurrey 27
Cornel 47
Cornus 48
Coronilla 3
Costmary t
Corydalis 33
Corylus 23
Cotton Grass 13
Thistle 64
Cottonwood 22
Cow Lily 28
Parsnip 46
Wheat 56
Crab Grass 7
Cracca

39
Crack Willow 21
Cranberry-tree 58

Crane a Orchis 21
Cranesbill 39
Crataegus 35,
Creeping Snow-
berry 49
Spearwort 29
Thyme 4
Crepis 5
Crimson Clover 37
Crotaria 37
Crowfoot 29

Cryptogramma I
Cryptotaenia 46
Cuckoo Flower 32
Culver’s-root 55
Currant 34
Cursed Crowfoot 29
Cuscuta I

Cut-grass 8
Cynodon 10
Cynoglossum 2
Cynthia 4
Cyperus IL
Cypress 5

Spurge | 40
Cypripedium 19
Cystopteris 2

D

Dactylis 10
Daisy Fleabane 61
Dalibarda 6,
Dandelion a
Danthonia 10
Darnel iI

Datura
Daucus
Day Lily
Decodon
Deerberry
Deer Grass
Dentaria
Deptford Pink
Deschampsia
Desmodium
Dianthus
Dicentra
Dicksonia
Diervilla
Digitaria
Dipsacus
Dirca
Ditch Stonecrop
oc
Dockmackie
Dogbane
Dog’s Tooth
i mae
ogwoo
Downy False
Foxglove
Green Alder
Yellow Violet
Drop-seed
Drosera
Duckweed
Dulichium
Dutchman’s
Breeches
Dwarf Cornel
Dandelion
Ginsen:
Gray Willow
Mistletoe
Raspberry
Sumac

E

Early Crowfoot
Meadow Rue
Saxifrage

Echinochloa

Echinocystis

Echium

Eel Grass

Elaeagnus

Elder

Elecampane

Eleocharis

Eleusine

Elymus
Enchanter’s
Nightshade
Epifagus
Epigaea
Epilobium
Epipactis
Equisetum
Eragrostis
Erechtites
Erigeron
Eriocaulon
Eriophorum

Erysimum 32
Erythronium 18
Eupatorium 59
Euphorbia

40
European Millet 7
Mountain Ash 34

Even’g Eximiese 4
Everlasting 1
Pea 39
F
Fagopyrum 26
Fagus 23
Fall Dandelion 64
False Flax 31
Gromwell 52
Hellebore 17
Indigo 37
Loosestrife 45
Miterwort 33
Nettle 24
Pimpernel 5
Solomon’s Seal 1

Spikenard 18
Fescue Grass Il
Festuca Il
Fever Bush 2
Feverfew
Feverwort
Field Mouse-ear

Chickweed 27

Sow Thistle 64
Figwort 55
Fimbristylis 12
Finger Grass 7

Fir 5
Fireweed 63
Flax 39
Fleabane 1
Fleur-de-lis 19

Floating Foxtail 9

eart te)
FPw’r’gDogwood48

Fern 2
Flow’r-of-an-hour 42
F’rkd Chickweed27

Fowl Mead.Grass11
Foxtail Grass 9
Fragaria 35
Fraxinus 50
Fringed Gentian 50
Orchis 19
Pelypela 40
Frost Grape 42
Frostweed 43
Fuirena 13
Fumaria 31
Fumitory ia)
G
Galinsoga 62
Galium 57
Galeopsis

Gall-of-the-earth ee
Gard. Asparagus 1
Heliotrope 58

Orpine 33
Rose 37
Sorrel 25

Gaultheria 49
Gaylussacia 49
Gentian 50
Gentiana 50
Geranium 139
Gerardia 55
Germander 52

German Millet “8
Geum 36
Giant Hyssop 5.

Ginseng 4
Glaucous Willow 22
Gleditsia 37
Glyceria

II

Goat’s Beard 64

Rue 37

Golden Alexan’s 4
5

re H
ungwort 5
Bagwort 63
Saxifrage 3
Golden-rod 1
Goldthread 30
Goose Grass 10
Grape 42
Hyacinth 18
Grass of Parnassus
3

Gratiola Fe
Great Bulrush 12
Burdock 83
Bladderwort 5
Lobelia 39
Ragweed 1

St. John’s-wort 43
Soloman’s Seal 17
Water Dock 25
Willow-herb 4
Green Amaranth 2

Ash 50
Brier 18
Dragon 16
Gromwell 52
Ground Cherry 54
Hemlock 3
Ivy 53
Laurel 49
Pine z)
Groundnut 9
Groundsel 13
Gypsophila 28
H
Habenaria 19
Hackberry 24
Hair Grass

Halberd-leaved
Tear-thumb 25

Halenia 50
Hamamelis 34
Hardhack 34
Harebell

Hare’s-ear Mustar

ag
Hare’s Tail 13
Hawkbit 64
Hawkweed 65
Hawthorne

3
Hay-scented Fern 2
Hazelnut 23

69

Heal-all 53
Heather 49
Hedeoma 53
Hedge Bindweed 51
yssop

Mustar 32

Nettle 33
Helenium 2
Helianthemum 43
Helianthus oe
Heliopsis 62
Hemerocallis 17
Hemicarpha 313
Hemlock 5
Hemp 24
Henbane 54
Henbit 53
Hepatica 29
Heracleum 40

Herb Robert 39
Heteranthera 17

Hibiscus 42
Hickory 22
Hieraceum 65
Hierochloe 8

High Blueberry 49
Mallow 42
Hoary Pea 38
Plantain 57
Hobble-bush 58
eo Peanut 39
Holc

Holy Grass 8
Honewort 46
Honey Locust 4
Honeysuckle 5
Hook’d Crowfoot29
Hop 24
Hornbeam 23
Tree 39
Horehound 53
Hornwort 28
Horse Balm 54
Mint 53
Nettle 34
Horse-chestnut 41
Horseradish 32)
Horsetail 3
Horse-weed 61
Hound’s ‘Tongue §2
Houseleek 33
Houstonia 57
Huckleberry 49
Humulus 2
Hydrocotyle

4
Hydrophyllum 51
Hyoscyamus 54

Hypericum 4
Hypoxis I
Hystrix iI
I
Tlex 41
llysanthes 55
Impatiens 42
Indian Chickw’d 2
Cucumber Root 1
Grass 7
Hemp St
Mallow 42

Indian Pipe 47
Rice 8

Tobacco 59

Turnip 16
Interrupted Fern 2
Inula 61
Jpomoea 51
Tris 19
Tronweed 59
Ironwood 23
Isates 32
Isoetes 4

J

Jack-in-the-Pulpit

i
Jamestown Weed54
Jerusalem Arti-

choke 62
a 26
Joe-pye Weed 59
Juglans 22
Juncus 17
June Grass 10
yee 5
uniperus 5
K
Kalmia 8
Knapweed 4.
Knawel 27
Knotweed 25
Kochia 26
Krigia 64
L

Labrador Tea ae
Lactuca 4.
Ladies’ Tresses 20
Lady’s Slipper 19
Sorrel 39
Thumb 2
Lamb’s quarters 2
Lamium 53
Lance-leaved Violet

L tea i
aporte: 4,
Lappula

Larch

5

Large Cranberry 49

Larger Blue Flagig
Yellow Lady’s

Slipper 19
Largetoothed

Aspen 22
Larix 5
Late Low Blue-

berry 49
Lathyrus 39

Laurel 45
Leather Leaf 49
Leatherwood 44

Lechea 43
Ledum 45
Leersia

Lemna 16

Leontodon 64
Leonurus 53
Lepidium 31
Lespedeza 8
Lettuce 4.
Leverwood 23
Liatris 59
Ligustrum 50
Lilium i7
Lily 7
Lily of the Valley18
Linaria 55
Linden 42
Linnaea 58
Linum 39
Liparis 21
Liriodendron 30
Listera 21
Lithospermum 52
Liverleaf 29
Lobelia 5
Locust 3
Lolium IT
Long-spurred Vio-
tet 44
Lonicera 55
Loosestrife 49
Lopseed 5
Lotus 38
Lousewort 56
Low Birch 23
Blk Blueberry 49
Cudweed 1

Hop Clover 37
Spear Grass 10
Sweet Blueberry

? 49
Ludvigia 45
Lupine 37
Lupinus 37
Luzula I
Lychnis 2
Lycium 54
Lycopodium 3
Lycopsis 52
Lycopus 54
Lygodium 2
Lyonia 49
Lyme Grass Il
Lysimachia 49
Lythrum 44

M
Mad-dog Skullcap
5
Magnolia 2

‘0
Maianthemum 18
Maidenhair Fern 1

Male Berry 49
Mallow 42
Malva 42
Manna Grass IL
aple I
Mapleleaved
Goosefoot 26
Marrubium

53

Marsh Bluebell 59
Cinquefoil 35
Cress 32
Grass 10

“Marsh Marigold 30
Speedwell 55
St. John’s-wort 43

Mat Grass Il

Matrimony Vine 54

May Apple 30

Mayflower 9

May-weed 2

Meadow Fescue 11
Foxtai

Grass 10
Parsnip 46
ue 29
Meadow-sweet 3.
“Medeola 1
Medic 31
Medicago 38
-Medick 38
Melampyrum 56
Melilotus ii, 38
Melissa 53
Menispermum 30
-Mentha 54

Menyanthes 50
Mermaid-weed 45
Mexican Tea 26

Microstylis ai
-Mikania 59
Mild Water
Pepper 25
Milk Purslane 40
Milkweed SI
Milkwort 40
Mimulus 55
Mint 54
Mitchella 57
Mitella 33
Miterwort 33

Mocker Nut 22
Mock Pennyroy’153

Mollugo 27

“Monarda 53
Moneses 47
Moneywort 49
Monkey Flower 55
Monotropa 47
Moonseed 30
Moonwort 2
Morning Glory 51
Morus 24
Mossy Stonecrop 33
Motherwort 5

3

Moth Mullein 55
Mountain Fly

Honeysuckle 58

Holly 41
Laurel 48
Maple 41
Mint 5
Rice
Mouse-ear Chick-
wee 27

Moxie Plum 49
Mud Plantain 17

Mugwort 63
Mulberry 24
Mullein 55
Muscari 18
“Musk Mallow — q2
Mustard 32
Myosotis 52
Myrica 22

Myriophyllum

N

Naiad

Najas

Nardus
Neckweed
Nemopanthus
Nepeta
Nettle

24
New Jersey Tea

Nicandra

4
Night Flowering

Campion
Nightshade
Northern Bed-

straw

Fox Grape

Norway Spruce

Nut Rush
Nymphaea
Nymphoides
Nyssa

Oak
Oakesia

at

Grass
Oenothera

4
Old-witch Grass

One-flowered

Cancer-root

Pyrola

One-seeded Bur

Cucumber
Onion
Onoclea ~
Onopordum
Onosmodium
Ophioglossum
Orange Grass

Hawkweed
Orchard Grass
Orchis
Origanum
Ornithogalum
Orobanche
Orontium
Oryzopsis
Osmorhiza
Osmunda
Ostrich Fern
Ostrya
Oswego Tea
Oxalis
Ox-eye

Daisy
Ox-tongue
Oxybaphus

P

Painted Cup
Trillium

45 Pale Corydalis 31
Dock

7°

31

Laurel
Touch-me-not 42
Panax 46
Panic Grass 7
Panicum 7
Pansy 44
Paper Birch 23
Pappoose Root 30

Parietaria 24
Parnassia 33
Laon 4!

Partridge Berry 57
Paspalum )
Pastinaca 6

Pasture Thistle 63
Patience Dock 25

Pearlwort 27
Pearly Everlas’g 61
Pedicularis 56
Pellaea I
Pellitory 2.
Peltandra I
Penthorum 33
Pentstemon 55
Peppergrass 31
Peppermint 4.
Petasites 3
Phalaris
Phegopteris I
Phleum 9
Phlox 51
Phragmites JO
Phryma 56
Physalis 54
Phytolacca 2
Picea 5
Pickerel Weed 17
ea & 64
igeon Grape 42
Grass 8
Pig Nut 22
Pigweed 26
Pilea 24
Pin Oak 23
Pine 8
pee 4
inesap 4
Pink 2
Pinus 5
Pinweed B
Pipewort 16
Pipsissewa 47
Pitch Pine 5
Plantago 57
Plantain 57

Plantain-leaved
Everlasting 61

Platanus 34
Plum 37
Poa 10

Podophyllum — 30
Podostemum 33
Pogonia 20
Poison Hemlock 46

vy te)
Poke Milkweed :
2

Ppa

olygala 4o
Polygonatum — 18
Polygonella 26

Polygonum 25
Polypodium I
Polypody I
Polystichum I
Pondweed 6
Pontoderia 7
Poplar 22
Populus 22
Portulaca
Potamogeton 6
Potentilla 3
Poverty Grass

Prairie Willow 22
Prenanthes 65
Prickly Ash 39

Gooseberry 34

Lettuce 64
Primrose-leaved
Violet 3
Prince s Feather 25
ine * 47
Privet 50
Proserpinaca 45
Prunus 37
Prunella 53
Psedera 42
Psilocarya 12
Ptelea 39
Pteris I
Pterospora 48
PurpleA maranth 26
Azalea

4
Flower’g Kasp. 36
Fringed Orchis 20
Gerardia 56
Milkweed 51
Thorn Apple 54

illow 22
Purslane 28
Putty Root 21
Pycnanthemum 54
Pyrola 47
Pyrus 34

Q
uaking Grass Io
uercus 23
uillwort 4
R
Rabbit-foot 37
Radicula 32
Radish 32
Ragged Fringed
rchis 20
ees a
agweet I
Ram’s Head

Lady’ Slip’r 19
Ramste 5
Ranunculus ii, 29
Raphanus 32
Rattle-box 37
Rattlesnake Fern 3

Grass I
Plantain 20

Rattlesnake-root 65
Rattlesn’e-weed 65

Red Ash 50
Baneberry 30
Campion 28
Cedar 5
Clover ay
Currant 37
Maple 41
Mulberry 24
Oak 23
Pine 5
Spruce 5

oO
Red-ber'd Elder 3

Red-ozier Dog-
wood 47
Red-root 42
Red-seeded Dan-
delion 64
Reed 10

Bent Grass 2
Canary Grass

Meadow Grass 11
Rhamnus 42
Rhexia
Rhododendron 8
Rh

us 40
Ribbon Grass 8

Ribes 34
Rib Grass 5g
Rice Cut-grass
Richweed 24
River-b’nk Grape 42
River Bulrush 12
Weed 33
Robinia
Robin’s Plantain 61
Rock Brake I
Cress 32
Rockrose 43
Roman Worm-
wood 62
Rosa 37
Rose 37
Mallow 42
Rough Bedstr’w 57
Rough-stalked

Mead’w Gr’s to
Round-leaved

ornel 47
Sundew 33
Violet 44

Rubus 3
Rudbeckia 2
Rue Anemone 29
Rumex 25
Rush 17
Grass 9
Russian Thistle 26
Rutabaga 32

Rye Grass II
Rynchospora 13

s
Sagina 27
Soon bi)
Salix 21
Salsif 6.
Salsola 2
Saltwort 26

Sambucus 58

Vi

Sand Bar Willow 21
Cherry 37
Spurrey 27

Sandbur 8

Sandwort 27

Sanguinaria 31

Sanguisorba 36

Sanicle 46

Sanicula 46

Saponaria 28

Sarracenia 33

Sassafras 31

Satureja 53

Savory 33

Saxifraga a3

Saxifrage 33

Scarlet Oak 2!
Painted Cup 5

Scheuchzeria 7
Schwalbea 55
Scirpus 12
Scleranthus 27
Scleria 3
Scorpion-grass 52
Scotch Pine 5

Scouring Rush 3
Scrophularia 55

Scutellaria 33
Sedge 3
Sedum 33
Seedbox 45
Selaginella 3
Self-heal a3
Sempervirum 3,
Senecio 3
Senna 37
Sensitive Fern 2
Sericocarpus 61
Setaria 8
Shad Bush 34
Shagbark Hick’y 22

Sheep Laurel ~ 48

Sorrel 25
Sheep’s Fescue 11
Sheph’rd’s Purse 31

Shield Fern I
Shin Leaf 47
Shining Willow 21
pinot ady’s
Slipper 19
Orchis 19
Shrubby Cinque-
foil 35
Sickle-pod 32
Sicyos 5
Silene
Silky Cornel 47
Willow 22

Silver Maple 41
Silvery Cinquef?! 35
Sisymbrium ii, 32
Sisyrinchium 19

Sium 46
ne 5. 3
Skunk Cabbage 1
Currant 34
Sleepy Catchfly 2

Slender Gerardia 56
Slippery Elm 24

Slough Grass 10
Small Cranberry 49
Bugloss 52

Small Solomon’s

ea. 1
Smaller Bladder- '

wort 5
Yellow Lady’s
Slipper 19

Small-flowered
Crowfoot 29

Smartweed 2
Smilacina I
Smilax 18

Smooth Alder 23
False Foxgl’e 55
Gooseberry 34

Sumac 40

Winterberry 41
Snowberry 58
Solanum 4
Solidago
Solomon’s Seal 18
Sonchus 64
Sorbaria #4
Sow Thistle 4
Sparganium
Spartina 10
Spearmint 54
Speckled Alder 23
Specularia 59
Speedwell 55
Sphenopholis 9
Spergula 27
Spergularia 27
Spice Bush 31
Spiderwort 16
Spiked Loose-

strife 44

Spikenard 45
Spike Rush 12
Spiraea 34
Spiranthes 20
Spirodela 16
Spleenwort I
Sporobolus 9
Spotted Cowbane 46

Touch-me-not 42
Wintergreen 47

Spreading Dog-
bane 50
Spring Beauty 28
Cress 32
Vetch 38
Spring-leaved

Sow Thistle 64
Spruce 5
Spurge 40
Spurred Gentian 50
Squaw-root 6
Squirrel Corn 31

Stachys

Staff Tree a

Staghorn Sumac 4o

Staphylea 41

Star Flower 50
Grass 18

6.
Star of Bethle’m a
Starry Campion 28

Steironema 49

Stellaria 27

Stemless Lady’s
Slipper 19

Stenophyllus 12

Stickseed 52
siaae' Water Crow-
it

00
St. John’s-wort 43

Stonecro 3
Stramonium 54
Strawberry 35
Blite 26:
Tomato 54
Streptopus 18
Striped Maple 41
Struthiopteris z
Sugarberry 24

Sugar Maple 41
Sumac
Sundew 33
Sundrops 5
suntlon ; 2
wam ut’rcup 2
Doak a
Loosestrife 44
Milkweed SI
Saxifrage 3.
Thistle 3,
White Oak 23
Sweet Birch 23.

Sweetbrier 7
Cicely 40°
Clover 8
Coltsfoot 3.
Fern 22
Flag 16
Gale 2

2

pesrecaten 60-

epperbus g
Venal Grass af
Viburnum re
William Catch ¥
z

Woodruff 57
Switch Grass 7
Sycamore 34.
Symphoricarpos 5
Symphytum 52
Symplocarpus 16:

T
Taenidia 46>
Tall Buttercup 2

Gypsophyll
Meadow Rue 29-
Oat Grass 10
Red Top 10
Tanacetum 63.
Tansy. 3
Tartarian Honey-
suckle =
Taraxacum 4.
Taxus 5
Teaberry 49°
Teasel 590°
Tephrosia 38.
Teucrium 52
Thalictrum 29
Thaspium 46
Thimbleberry 36.
Thin Grass 9
Thistle 63
Thorny sac
2

Thoroughwort 59
Three-seeded Mer-
cury 40
Three-toothed Cin-
quefoi 35
Thyme-leaved
Sandwort 27
Speedwell 55

Thymus 54
Tiarella 3
‘LTickseed 2
Tick ‘Trefoil 38
Tilia 42
Timothy 9
Tinker’s Weed 58
Tipularia 2
Toothache tree 39
‘Toothwort 32

Tradescantia -
‘Tragopogon 4
Treacle Mustard 32
Tree of Heaven 40

‘Trichostema 52
Tridens 10
Trientalis 50
‘Trifolium 37
Trillium 18
Triosteum 58

Triple-awn Grass 8
Trisetum
‘True Forget-me-
not 2
Water Cress 32
Trumpet Honey-

suckle 58
Tsuga
Tufted Loosestrife
4!
Tulip Tree 30
Tumble Weed = 26
‘Tupelo 47
Turk’s-cap Lily 17
Turtlehead 5
Tussilago 3,
Twayblade 21
Twig Rush I
Twin-flower 5

Twisted Stalk 18
Typha 6
1 Of

Ulmus 24

Umbrella Grass 13
Tree 30

Upland Boneset 59
rtica

Utricularia 56
Uvularia 17
Vv
Vaccinium 49
Valerian 58
Valeriana 58
Valerianella 58

Vallisneria

Vanilla Grass g
Velvet Leaf 42

Grass
Venus’s Looking-

glass 59
Veratrum 17
Verbascum 55
Verbena 52
Vernonia 59
Veronica 55
Vervain 52
Vetch 38
Vetchling 3
Viburnum 5
Vicia 38
Viola 43
Violet

Wood Sorrel -
Viper’s Buglose 52
Virginia Creeper 42

Snakeroot 24
Virgin’s Bower 30
Vitis 42

Ww

Wake Robin 18
Waldsteinia 35
Walking Leaf I

Wall Rue I
Walnut 22
Water Arum 16
Avens 36
Beech 23
Cress 32
Hemlock 46
Horehound 54
Waterleaf 51
Water Lily 29
Lobelia 9
Marigold 2
Milfoil 45
Parsnip 46

Pennywort 46
Plantain 7,29

Water Purslane 45
Shield 2
Smartweed 25

Speedwell 55

Starwort 40
Willow 44
Water-weed 7
Waxwork 41
Weeping Willow 21
White Alder 47
Ash 50

Baneberry 30
Bent Grass 9

Birch 2
Campion 2
Cedar 4
Clover oF
Fringed Orchis 20
Grass 8
Lettuce 65
Melilot 65
Mulberry 24
Mustard 32
Oak 23
Pine
Poplar 22
Snakeroot 39
Vervain 52
Water Crowfoot
29
Willow 23
White apes

_ Aster it
Wild Balsam-apple
59

Bergamot 3
Black Cherry 37
Black Currant 34

Chess Grass II
Columbine 30

Garlic 17
Ginger 24
Indigo 37
Leek 17
Lettuce 65
Liquorice 57
Oat Grass 10
Orange-red Lily
I7
ate 44
eppergrass I
Pin 8
Plum 37
Radish 32
Red Cherry 37
Red Raspberry 36

Sarsaparilla © 45

Wild Senna 3
Sensitive Plant37
Teasel 59
Yellow Lily 17

Willow 21

Willow-herb 5

Winter Cress 32

Wintergreen 47

Witch Grass Il
Hazel 34
Wood Anemone 29
Mint 53
Nettle 24
Reed Grass 9
Rush 7.
Sorrel a
Woodsia _. 39°
Woodwardia I
Wool Grass Iz

Worm-seed
Mustard 2
Wormwood

x
Xanthium 62
Xyris 16

Y
Yarrow 62
Yellow Adder’s

ongue —
Bedstraw $7
Birch 23
Clover 37
Cress 2
Daisy 2

2
Fringed Orchis =
Melilotus 38
Pond Lily 28
Water Crowfoot
2
Yellow-barked Oak
2
Yellow-eyed Grass,
I

Yew 5

Z

Zanthoxylum 3!
Zizania : 38
Zizia 46