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OF THE

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- Special Investigation

lorse Breeding in Ontario 1906.

(PUBLISHED BY THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, TORONTO)

PRINTED BY ORDER OF Y

THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO

TORONTO:

Printed by L. K. CAMERON, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty 1907.

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REPORT

OF THE

Special Investigation

ON

Horse Breeding in Ontario

1906.

(PUBLISHED BY THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, TORONTO)

PRINTED BY OxDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO

TORONTO: Printed by L. K. CAMERON, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1907.

ee 7 ee WARWICK BRO'S & RUTTER, Limited, Pnnters, TORONTO.

\

To the Honorable Wi1ttt1am Mortimer Crark, K.C., Iieutenant-Governor of Ontario.

May 17 Pieasr Your Honor:

The undersigned begs to present herewith, for the consideration of Your Horor, the report on the Horse Industry of Ontario, 1906, which has been prepared by the Live Stock Branch of the Ontario Department of Agriculture.

Respectfully submitted,

Newtson Monvettu,

Minister of Agriculture.

Toronto, March, 1907.

[3]

CONTENTS.

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Sus aRIps : Showing number of each class of stallions in “ach Countv.... Showing percentage of each class of stallions in each County .. .................. Showing number of each breed in Prevince ........: cee oe ‘

, [4]

REPORT OF THE SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

ON

Horse Breeding in Ontario.

INTRODUCTION.

The question of improving the quality of the horses bred in the Prov- ince has been considered at different times at annual and others meetings of live stock associations, as well as being a subject of concern to persons individually or officially interested in the promotion of the horse indus- try. No unanimous and satisfactory scheme calculated to improve cordi- tions could be decided upon, and when the matter was carefully inquired into, it was found that the reason, apparently, was‘a-lack of accurate and de- tailed information as to the exact conditions throughout the Province which affect the quality of the horses produced. It was therefore decided by the Minister of Agriculture: that before undertaking any compre- hensive plan for the improvement of horse-breeding, it would be wise to procure more complete information upon which conclusions might be based. It was felt that detailed and accurate information along the following lines shou!d be obtained before any comprehensive policy should be adopted looking to the general improvement of the horse industry in Ontario.

1. What conditions have affected or are affecting the quality and num- ber of stallions and brood mares, in the various sections of the Province, and if the effect is for good, whether or not the same conditions could be applied in other sections; and if the conditions have not a good effect what could be done to remove them.

2. What class of horses can most profitably be raised in different sec- tions of the Province, under the natural conditions found in those sections.

3. The system of syndicating, and any other plan at present adopted ‘ in Ontario, other than private ownership.

4. The views of horsemen generally as to the advisability of a Stal- lion Inspection Act.

5. Suggestions from those interested in the horse business, as to what can be done to improve conditions of the horse business generally.

For the purpose of obtaining this information, the Legislature was asked to make an appropriation, which was done at the session of 1906, and the following plan of work was adopted :—

The counties of the Province were divided into eight districts, and two Inspectors, one to represent light horses, and one to represent heavy horses, were appointed to investigate and report on the conditions in each district. The Inspectors were instructed to inspect each known stallion located in their district, and to obtain from the stallion owner and others with whom they came in contact, such information as might be possible regarding the mares. The information obtained in this way is practically accurate, re-

[5]

6 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 60

garding the stallions, and approximately correct regarding the mares. The Inspectors were instructed to make a report on the stallions covering the following points:

. Owner. Post office address. . Breed or breed most favored. . Pure-bred or grade. . If pure-bred, imported or Canadian-bred, and registration number and name of Record. . Average age. . Weight. . Sound or unsound. . If unsound, what disease. 10. Conformation. 11. Action. 12. Approximate value. 13. Number of mares served, 14. Service fee. 15. Per cent. of foals. 16. If sound, score out of possible 100 points. 17. Remarks.

COND URW

The following points are covered in the report on the mares: . Number in township.

. Average number kept by each breeder.

Type.

. Average weight.

. Average quality.

Average age.

Average value.

. Remarks.

Information regarding matters of a general nature covered by the in- vestigation were obtained bv meeting with those interested in the horse indu-try in each district, either individually or at the public meeting held in each county for this purpose. It was not the intention that at this meeting, or at any other time, the inspectors should endeavor to direct public opinion to obtain certain results or decisions, nor was the work un- dertaken with the object of conducting an educational campaign. This latter point might be a natural result of the investigation, and form part of a general plan to be adopted for improving conditions, but it was not a part of the work of the inspectors. What was required was a full and in- telligent discussion of the different matters covered by the investigation, and to give every one interested an opportunity to express his opinion as to how the conditions relating to the breeding of horses could best be im- proved.

In order to facilitate the work of the Inspectors, the Secretary of the Farmers’ Institute, in each institute district, was requested to organize the district, obtain the names of the stallion owners in his institute dis- trict, arrange the most convenient route for rnspecting these stallions in their own stables, and also in order to avoid loss of time to drive with the inspectors throughout the district. The stallion owners were notified by circular letter as to the probable time of the visit of the Inspectors. The local offie-rs also advertised and made the necessary arrangements for hold- ing the public meeting in each county.

The result of the investigation in each institute district depended to a great extent upon the preliminary work being properly done, and the report will show that this work was well done in most cases by the local institute officers.

DIA P Wwe

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 7

The list of Inspectors, the districts visited by them, and the counties comprising each district are ‘given below:

Districts.

District No. 1.—Counties of Middlesex, Essex, Kent, Elgin, and Lambton. Wm. Smith, Columbus; J. ). Graham, Toronto.

District No. 2.—Counties of Halton, Wentworth, Brant, Oxford, Nor- folk, Haldimand, Welland, and Lincoln. John Gardhouse, Highfield; Wm. Cain, V.S., Perth.

District No. 3.—Counties of Huron, Bruce and Grey. H. G. Reed, V.S., Georgetown; John Bright, Myrtle. '

District No. 4.—Counties of Perth, Waterloo, Wellington, and Duf- ferin. Wm. Jones, Zenda; Peter Christie, M.P., Manchester; John A. Boag, Ravenshoe.'

District No. 5.—Counties of Peel, Simcoe, York, and Ontario. Thos. McMillan, Seaforth; Wm. Mossip, St. Mary’s. .

District No. 6.—Counties of Hastings, Peterborough, Victoria, Dur- ham, Northumberland and Prince Edward. J. G. Clarke, Ottawa; Jas. Irving, Winchester.

District No. 7.—Counties of Prescott, Russell, Carleton, Renfrew, and Lanark. W. F. Kydd, Simcoe; Geo. Gray, Newcastle.

5 District No. 8.—Counties of Glengarry, Dundas, Grenville, Leeds, Frontenac, and Lennox and Addington. H, S. Arkell, B.S.A., O.A.C., Guelph; Jas. Sinclair, V.S., Cannington; Arthur Thom, Elma.

Nore.—Where more than two inspectors are given for one district, the work was

divided so that but two inspectors were in the district at one time. The work of in-

eee a Stormont County was done by George Gray, Newcastle, and A. R. Walsh, os erth.

The following list shows the place and date at which it was arranged to hold the public meeting for each county.

Pusiic MEETINGS.

County, Townor city. Date. County. Town or city. Date. Brant op csaaa kee Brantford ....... Oct. 20. |} Lincoln .......... St. Catharines ...}/Nov. 17. Bruce sessis cares es Vaislev .......... ‘« 26. || Middlesex ........ London ......... Oct. 19. Carleton.......... Stittsville........ «30 || Northumberland ..|Brigbton ........ Nov. 15. Durham.......... Orono .......... Nov. 9. || Norfolk .......... Simcoe .......... a 3. Dufferin ......... Shelburne ....... © 12. || Oxford ........... Woodstock Oct. 27.

UNAS! 5 2. soe ase anes Winchester...... Oct. 18. |} Ontario .......... Port Perry. Nov. 13 FORBES eves. vd dececeenses Esgex ........... ‘© 26. || Perth ............ Mitchell .. ../Oct. 16. BAN eos ecoca 3 ip es St. Thomas......|Nov. 9. || Peterborough ..... Madoc .......... eee ee Frontenac ........ Harrowsmith ....| ‘ 5. || Prince Edward....|Picton........... Nov. 20. GROW sic sco a gitar bees Markdale ....... ns Bssi POC) sier oe se geenies Caledon East ..../Oct. 12. Grenville ........ Kemptville...... Oct. 25. |) Prescott .......... Vankleek Hill...) ‘* 18. Glengarry ........ Alexandria ...... fe 18. !! Russell ........... Russell ......... any 2d ‘Hastings.......... Madoe: .c255 ince ‘17. || Renfrew .......... Cobden.......... Nov. 8. Huron ........... Clinton.......... “© 11. ||/Simeoe .. ...... Barrie .......... Oct. 26. Halton ........... Milton i226 cee. «11. |] Victoria .......... Lindsay ......... 81. Haldimand ....... Fisherville ...... Nov. 8. || Wellington ....... Fergus .......... Nov. 7. Rents. c iter cn ae Chatham ........ es 2. || Waterloo ......... Berlin .......... Oct. 22. Lanark 2222 c3.cox Carleton Place...| ‘‘ 12.|| Wentworth....... Dundas.......... «16, Lambton ......... Petrolea ..... ...| 19. || Welland.......... Welland......... Nov. 14, 1: | eee eee Lansdowne...... Oct. 31. || York..........4-- Richmond Hill...| ‘ 5.

Lennox and Ading- TOM ssserce eee ee Napanee ........ Nov. 13.

8 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

It was practically impossible to procure the name of every stallion owner in the Province, and in a very few of the townships it may be found that this may slightly affect the report on that particular township, but it will not affect the report of the county to any appreciable extent. In some few cases also, the owners would not allow their horses to be inspected, and wherever a stallion was not inspected, the report of the mares in the tabu- lated statement for the township in which such stallion is located will also be affected. It should also be borne in mind that stallions are credited to the townships in which they were located at the time of inspection, when they may possibly travel through the surrounding townships during the season; this may give a somewhat erroneous impression regarding the town- ships not credited, if this fact is not noted. It should also be specially noted that the number of mares credited to any township in the tabulated statement is the number of mares bred to stallions inspected in that town- ship, and will not necessarily denote the number of breeding mares actu- ally owned in the township. The information regarding the amount of ser- vice fees, and the number of mares bred to each stallion was supplied the Inspectors by the owner of the stallion. The Inspectors did not always have an opportunity of verifying this information, and referring specially to the service fees, it has been suggested that the advertised service fee was not always adhered to.

In this report standard-bred horses and pure-bred horses are classed together, the standard-bred horses being termed pure-bred as a matter of convenience in preparing the report. The ame is also true of the term grade being applied to denote non-standard-bred horses of roadster type. Roadster stallions (Canadian-bred) include standard-bred horses bred in Canada and stallions of Roadster type bred in Canada, but registered in Records other than the American! Trottmg Register. Roadster grade stallions include grade stallions of Roadster type not registered in any record,

The report following is compiled from the statistics and general in- formation supplied by the Inspectors, the report from each district being given separately. The report on each county in the above districts is given by townships, with a summarized table and general information regarding the whole county, given at the end of the county report. The remarks of the Inspectors regarding the work generally are given at the end of the report of the district which was under their charge. The report for each district after being finally prepared was submitted to and approved by the Inspectors for that district. A summarized report and statistics covering the Province, in accordance with the above districts, completes the report of the investigation.

‘

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. %

DISTRICT NO. 1.

Countics.—Middlesex, Essex, Kent, Elgin and Lambton. Inspectors.—Wm. Smith, Columbus, and J. D. Graham, Toronto.

MIDDLESEX.

The township of Biddulph was first gone over. Two Clydesdale stal- lions, two Shires, a Percheron, a Standard-bred, and a Roadster, were seen by the Inspectors. All of these were registered, and all the Clydes- dales, Shires, and the Percheron were imported animals. The Clydesdales were of an excellent type, one weighing 2,100 lbs. and both had been used on a large number of mares. The Roadster was of good conformation and action, while the rest were described as fair. All were sound. It is estimated that there are 1,000 breeding mares in the township, being mostly of Clydesdale and Roadster tvpe, and averaging about 1,350 lbs. in weight. Their average quality is described as fair, and the average age 8 years. Service fees ran from $10 to $15, and in one instance was given as $25.

In McGillivray township, Clydesdales largely predominate; out of the nine stallions seen, five beng of that breed, all imported but one. Their quality ranged from good to fair. One aged grade Clydesdale was seen, and one of the three Standard-breds and Roadsters was also a grade. Most of the stallions were sound, two coming under the head of ‘“‘fairly sound.’’ The average weight of the Clydesdales was about 1,750 lbs., and of the Stan- dard-breds, about 1,050 lbs. Mares of Clydesdale type, averaging 1,200 lbs., are most generally found, and some 723 were bred, being of fair quality, their average age being 7 years. From $8 to $15, are charged as service fees.

In the township of West Williams, there were seen two Clydesdales, a Shire, a Roadster, and an Arabian (the latter a grade), standing for ser- vice. The four registered stallions were all sound, the two heaviest, a Clydesdale and a Shire, being reported at 2,000 lbs. Service fees ranged from $8 for the grade to $12 for one of the Clvdesdales and the Roadster, the low fee for the grade evidently affecting adversely the average of the fees throughout the township. The Roadster was described as of very good conformation, that of the others ranging from fairly good to fair. The number of brood mares in the township is 500, being of Clydesdale and Roadster type, of fair average quality, and in weight 1,300 lbs. Average age was 6 years.

East Williams has fewer stallions than. its sister township, only three being located by the inspectors, and of these, one was a grade. The Clydes- d-le, an'imported horse, scored well, and had been used on a good number of mares. The Hackney was of good conformation and action, and had been used on a large number of mares, of which a very high percentage were in foal. All three stallions were sound. As regards mares, they are of good quality, in number about 600, of Clydesdale and Roadster type, and average in weight 1,250 lbs., and in years, 8. From $10 to $15 are the service fees, the higher fee being for the Hackney.

Two Clydesdales and a Percheron, all sound, and two of them of good conformation, comprised the sires seen in Adelaide township. The aver- age value of the three was $1,200. Al] three were imported animals. As in the other townships of this county, the mares were mostly of Clydes- dale and Roadster type, of good average quality, weighing about 1,200 Ibs., in age averaging 8 years, and numbered some 600. $10 to $12 are paid for service fees.

10 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Middlesex—Coutis ued.

Out of the eight stallions in Lobo township (one of which was a grade), four were Tegistered Clydesdales, three being imported. The German Coach stallion seen was of excellent conformation, and had good action, and had proved a successful foal getter. Of the two Roadsters, one was good, the other being undersized, and only fair in conformation. Service fees were from $9 to $15. The average quality of the mares in this town- ship, which average 1,200 Ibs. in weight, and are of the Clydesdale and Roadster type, is fair, and average age is 7 years.

; Caradoc township makes a good showing in point of numbers of stal- lions. Out of the thirteen inspected, six were Clydesdales, four Roadsters, one a Percheron, one a Thoroughbred, and one an Arabian. Of these, four were grades or unregistered. A large proportion were out for their first season here, so that no record of their value as sires could ke obtained. With one exception all were sound. The mares kept in this township are of the draught and general purpose type, weighing about 1,100 lbs., and are fair in quality, with an average age of 7 years. Service fees are from $8 to $15.

Metcalfe township is fairly well provided with sires, fairly equally divided between light and heavy breeds, the light somewhat preponderat- ing. Three Roadsters, three Clydesdales, and one Coach stallion make up the list. The Clydesdales score highest in conformation and quality, and all are sound or fairly so. Here, again, the majority of the sires had put in their first season, and so no idea of their breeding abilities could be secured. Of those that had been standing for service more than one sea- son, the percentage of foals was fairly good. The stud fees were from $10 to $15. The average weight of mares was no higher than 1,100 lbs.; qual- ity fair, they being of a light or very slightly Clydesdale type. About 750 is the number of mares kept. ‘Their average age is 8 years.

Mosa is a township with horses of a distinctly light type, hence the sires used are mostly of the lighter order. One Thoroughbred, two Road- sters, a grade Roadster, a German Coach, two Percherons, a Clydesdale, and a Clydesdale grade constitute the list. All but one are reported sound. Here, again, the service fee ranged from $10 to $15, the majority charg- ing the lower fee. The mares in this township are described as partly general purpose, and partly Roadster in type. Their average quality is fair. Their average weight is about 1,100 lbs., and age, 8 years.

Ten to fifteen dollars is also the range of service fees in Ekfrid town- ship, where there are only four stallions, two apiece of Roadsters and of Clydesdales, all sound and, as far as tested, fairly reliable sires. About 600 mares are kept, being of a Roadster type, with some inclined to a general purpose conformation. Their average age is 7 years, and weight, 1,100 Ibs.

West Nissouri with its 1,000 mares of Roadster and Clydesdale type, averaging 1,200 lbs. in weight, leans towards the heavy type of sire, no less than 7 out of the 11 visited being Clydesdales, four imported, and three Canadian bred. There is also a Hackney kept for service for the first season, two Roadsters (one a grade) and a French sire. While most of the sires are young, one is 20 years old, and another 11. Most of them are re- ported sound. The fees are as low as $8, and up to $15. The average age of the mares is 7 years.

In North Dorchester township, while the type of mare is of the gen- eral purpose, Roadster and Hackney style, the tendency is to use mostly Clydesdale or Shire stallions, while two Hackneys have also put in their

‘

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 11

Middlesex.— Continued. _

first season. In addition to these there is a Roadster. All are sound, and the conformation is fairly good, two scoring as very good. In age, the oldest is 11, and the youngest 3 years. Four are newcomers; the percent- age of foals for the rest being good. Mares, which are of average quality, number 800.. Their average weight is 1,100 lbs., and age 7 years.

The city of London is the headquarters for 12 stallions, being 7 Clydes-. dales, a Thoroughbred, and four Roadsters, one of these a grade. Six of the Clydesdales were newly imported, and the ages of the twelve ranged from 2 to ‘‘aged.’’ All ranked as sound, and the service fee charged var- are $12 to $15, while for three Roadsters the fees are quoted at $20 to : ;

Westminster township excels the average of the surrounding town- ships, except that of London, in the total number of mares kept, 1,500, also in the average quality which is good. They scale about 1,200 lbs., and are of draught and roadster type, averaging In age 7 years. Of the sires kept, two are registered Clydesdales, and one a grade, and there is one apiece of the Shire, Percheron, and Roadster breed, the latter not be- ing used for service. The oldest horse is 13 years, and all are sound. - Ser- vice fees are placed at $8 to $15.

London township is the banner one of Middlesex county as regards the number of stallions and mares kept, there being 16 of the former and 2,000 of ihe latter, which the inspectors describe as mares of good quality, weighing 1,250 lbs., averaging in age about 7 years, and in type partly draught ard partly roadster. The conformation of the sires does not seem to be in all cases as good as it might be, although a number scored well. The ages varied from 4 to 15 years. The list includes four Clydesdales, four Shires (two being grades), four Roadsters, two Hackneys and two Percherons. Eight to fifteen dollars are the service fees paid, and in the case of a Roadster stallion a fee of $20 is given.

STALLIONS.

o D 9 it) iad a a 2 F ; 3g| 8 a. g 2 ° 2 Breeding. 8 we & se SS 4 8 ao Ss ge (/s8e|) s | £8 | 888 | 855] 88 3 2 FAY > a > Os 30u |] Sa

; Fairl Hackneys, Imported.............. _ 5] 1,350 6 | All . Soul 543 | 13 Standard-breds, Imported......... | 14] 1,053 8 | All....| Good..... 590 | 15 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 7 |. 1,000 6] All.... roee savant 358 | 14 ‘Thoroughbreds, Imported......... 3} 1,184] 15] All.... se wet u German Coach Horses ............ 2 1,325 12 | All Good..... 251 | 13 English Coach Horses...:......... 1 1,300 9 | All Fair...... 50 | 10 Grades.—Hackney, Roadster, Ar- abian and French Canadian (1 . Hackney, 11 Roadsters, 2 Arabian, ; 1 French Canadian) ........... 15 | 1,095 GAWD ewe} Fad cy caceis 704 | 10 Rabaliadelerslsahaniee 121 8,309

12 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Middlesex.—Concluded.

Mares, $2 ; | 5.5 s 2 | acer ea) eae Townships. of es Type. a Be” ere ne oe ov o - @ o.o8 on & a a Byaez aS = | & BEZO BO o | © 52.5 > > tee z, <d =f | Biddulph............... 467 Clydesdale and Roadster .......-.. 1,350) Fair 8 McGillivray Wendie seh Petcare aes 723 Clydesdale... 0... ccc eee eee 1,200 Fair 7 West Williams Saag eisaue 445 | Clydesdale and Roadster .......... 1,300! Fair. .. 6 East Williams .......... 334 | Clydesdale and Roadster .......... 1,250) Good .. 8 Adelaide ............... 311 | Clydesdale and Roadster .......... 1,200; Good .. 8 ODO sss ceee cavemen 644 | Clydesdale and Roadster .......... 1,200; Fair. .. te Caradoc .......... 000... 676 | Draught and General Purpose...... 1,100) Fair...) 7 Metealfees :ccasan sacs 605 | Light and others half light Clydes- . dale. ease co etag paren ca adhe See 1,100) Fair. .. 8 Mosa).s3 36) Gicivaariiaces 668 | General Purpose, Clydesdale and : : some Roadster ................ 1,100} Fair. .. 8 BO) <i 2 ko ee re 185 | Roadsters and Grades inclined to ; : General Purpose. .........-.... 1,100; Fair. .. 7 West Nissouri........... 606 | Roadster and Clydesdale........... 1,200] Fair. ..| 7 North Dorchester ....... 872 | General Purpose, Roadster and HACKDCY . .adpacndavinGy Seana 1,100) Fair. .. 7 London City............ 231 Westminsters.cs. 443 f| Draught and Roadster............. 1,200| Good .. 7 London ............... 1,189 | Draught and Roadster. ............ 1,250) Good .. zs Total snniniewsceee de 8,399 Mazes Brep To DirreRENT CLasses OF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. ry ] Se Ss a S 6 3 < a pe | 385] 58 last | 2 be ies. |) © 25 aes 25 2EG Ey £5 aes Ss fe | fe5| 88 | fas) 28 | €8 | 885] ss Z z Z a < a a <{ $ $ Registered Stallions 99 7,287 99 7,287 AZ Nal ss si evs de fasten ea ra hall seal, anced Grade Stallions ..... 22 1,112 21 1,087 9 1 25 10 Totals ........ 121 8,399 120 8,374 In eva uiee. 1 OF le wedrnienetes

The putlic meeting for the County of Middlesex was held in London on the 19th of October. Among those present were Col. McEwen, Dr. Fitz- gerald, J. Courcey, Dr. Stevenson and Dr. Tennant. All agreed that there should be a license on stallions, and that the owner of a licensed horse should be entitled to a lien on the mare and foal for the amount of the service fee.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 13

Essex.

In the township of Maidstone there are three registered Roadsters and three Clydesdales, one of the latter being a grade. All are sound, but as types of the breeds the Clydesdales have the advantage. One of the Road- sters is a pacer. Excepting the two sires that had been doing their first season, the percentage of foals reported is not high. From $9 to $15 is charged for service fees. Some 800 mares ranging from general purpose to Roadsters, with a few draughts, are kept, but the average quality is only fair; average weight 1,100 Ibs.; and average age 9 years.

In Sandwich East township two Roadster stallions and one Percheron were inspected. The 600 mares to be found here are not of high quality, and average 9 years in age. Ten dollars is the service fee.

“Sandwich West is on a par with her sister township as regards mares, which are described as poor, of bad type, weighing about 1,050 lbs. and numbering 700, while the average age is 10 years. Two Clydesdale stallions, both imported, are kept. One is an excellent individual; $12 and $16 are the stud fees charged.

Rochester township is distinctly in favor of raising heavy horses and boasts of eleven stallions, four being Clydesdales, three Shires (one a grade), two Percherons and two French Canadians. One Clydesdale and one Perch- eron are also grades. They are reported as ranging, with one exception, from medium to very good. Fees charged are $7, $8, $10, and $14. Mares range from light type to a few draughts; they number 1,100, and are fair in quality, average weight being 1,100 lbs., and age 8 years.

Six Roadsters, three being pure-bred and three grades, and two Clydes- dales in their first season, comprise the sires in Mersea township all being sound, but some not rating high in conformation and quality. There are about 1,000 mares in this district, some draught, some general purpose, and others Roadster. Their average quality is medium, the average weight 1,100 Ybs., and average age 8 years. From $10 to $15 is the service fee, while for one Roadster the fee is placed at $25.

The Percheron is the predominant breed in Gosfield South township and this type prevails largely among the mares, the balance being Roadsters. The quality of the mares is only fair, and the average weight 1,100 lbs. and average age 8 years. Of the eight stallions standing for service, 5 are pure- bred Percherons, one a German Coach, and two Roadsters. Of the eight, one is unsound, and the average rating is not high. Stud fees range from $10 to $12.

In Malden township only one stallion was inspected, a pure-bred Percheron, three years old, reported as being a good one. There are 600 mares.in this township. of a general purpose type, weighing about 1,100 lbs., but only fair in quality. Their average age is 8 years.

In Gosfield North, too, only one stallion was seen, also a Percheron, 4 year old, that has not yet stood for service. The type of mares here is largely Percheron, scaling about 1,100 Ibs., quality being fair. In number they are about 700, their average age is 7 years.

A Hackney, two Clydesdales, a Percheron, a Thoroughbred, and Road- ster constitute the stallion stock of Colchester South township. With the exception of one. the standard is not very high, but all are sound, ages run- ning from 6 to 15 years. Ten to fifteen dollars is the run of service fees, mostly at the lower figure. Mares number 700, and are principally light in ivpe, scaling 1,050 lbs. with an average age of 8 years, while their average ovality is not high.

‘

14 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

ee

Essex—Continued.

Colchester North has a somewhat similiar list of sires, viz., three Clydesdales, a Thoroughbred, a Percheron, and a Roadster, with ages from 4 to 16 years. The standard, too, is not as high as it should be, with one exception. Two of the horses were far advanced in years. The mares seen were fair in quality, averaging 1,150 lbs., and are inclined to the draught type, with some Roadsters and Percherons. In number they are about 800, and their average age is 8 years.

STALLIONS g | » 3 | di be © 3s ro) 7 ok aD 2 8 Breeding. 3 wee % Be SS e 12 A 2 ee A | s2o] 8 as o9.2 Hud | og =) > Fey > hw Por 5°8 > @2 a4 |< <j} 3 < 4 = $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 4 1,725 52 | All..../Fairly good 340 18 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred:....... 8] 1,644 8 | All....j/Good. .... 722 11 Grades, Clydesdale. ............... 4 1,425 74 | All..../Fair....... 301 9 Shires, Imported, and Grades (1 pure-bred, 2 grades) ............ 3 1,760 53 | All ...|Very fair.. 305 11 Percherons, Imported............. 8} 1,650 8. VAN) c50/Mait v6.2. 586 12 Percherons, Canadian-bred........ 2 1,500 33 | All..../Good ..... 125 10 Grades, Pereheron................ 2] 1,400 Go eos estes Fair sie ss3 100 10 Hackney, Imported............... 1 1,300 6 } Alls... |Bxcellent) slices s cca lessnwe Standard-breds, Imported, and Roadsters, Canadian-bred, (6 im- ported, 1 Roadster, Canadian-bred) 7 1,084 | 10 | All....|Fair...... 371 14 Grades, Roadster 8 1,130 6 7 ../Fair ...... 333 10 Thoroughbreds................... 2 1,125 | 10 | All....|Fair...... 165 ll German Coach Horses and French Canadian (1 German Coach, 2 French Canadian) .............. 3 | 1,475] 13 | All ...|Pretty good 279 10 Total ere iate ees eects 52 3.69 Mares. og a = é 3 Townships. SSB Type. a 5 cy BaoaG ov o ry 2Eh5 eel # | 2 5856 sa} g | 8 A < < < Maidstone.............. 345 | General purpose and a few draught and roadsters ............. 0.02. 1,100|Just fair, 9 Sandwich East.......... BBE) Bik hea ae chs of eta Se alo 1,050/Poor ... 9 Sandwich West......... 100*) Bad wicscvaxess cae aeuetecees eee -| 1,050/Poor ..| 10 Rochester .............. 1,042 | Some draught and light kinds..... 1,100|Just fair) 8 Mereaicucesceseh eeaeses 505 | Some draught, general purpose and TORARCERS aoc in uiae ohthameucdly 1,100/Medium; 8 Gosfield South.......... 488 | A good many Percherons and some TOASTS oes en eb ede donee 1,100/Only fair! 8 MAL EM s ais: cctv cyt a cansarpapcedeadeanal General purpose .................. 1,100/Onlyfair| 8 Gosfield North.......... ..... «| Mostly Percheron................. 1,100|Fair.... 7 Colchester South........ 320 | Mostly light kinda ................ 1,050/Onlyfair| 8 Colchester North... .... 541 | Inclined to draught, with some road- : sters and Percherong............ 1,150/Fair....! 8 DOtalacek ees 3,627

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 15

Essex.—Concluded. Margs Brep to Dirrerent Cuasses oF STALLIONS.

4 Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. S64 | 6 sa |s. Sig | Sa moe eS lees || eB | ees] 2 8 lees e 5 SEY | 26 | S89) F, 25 2es # Bo |ses) 88 | 885) 8 ] $8 | fas] zs a A a a < 4 a < $ $ Registered Stallions. . 36 2,728 36 2,728 2 All inated nmimlela vied aaocasteaet Grade Stallions...... 16 899 16 834 9 a 65 12 Totals........ 52 3,627 51 3,562 |...... 1 (os al eee

The meeting held at Essex was not large, but it was enthusiastic over the future of the horse trade of this Province. The roads were bad, and a number of the breeders who came in by train had to remain all night. The meeting was unanimously in favor of a Licensing Act and also regis- tration. The only point upon which there was any difference was the

amount of licensing fee, a fair majority wanting a moderate sum, and the balance going to the extreme.

Kent,

Some sections of, Kent County seem to favor heavy horse breeding more than others, but the main type is the lighter breeds. The city of Chatham is a great light ‘horse centre, and of the sires owned by horsemen in this city, ten in number, four are Roadsters, one a Hackney, two Percherons, two Clydes, and one a Shire. The Roadsters are mostly a good class, and also the Hackney, while the two heavy breeds are fairly well represented. Two of the stallions are fifteen years old, and stud fees vary from $10 to $15, while for three Roadsters $20 is the fee stated. °

The township of Raleigh inclines somewhat to the heavier breeds, there being two Clydesdales (one a grade), two Shires, a Percheron, and two Road- sters available here. The fee for a Roadster, $30, heads the list, the general run of fees being $10 and $13. All the horses are reported sound, and all have stood to.a good number of mares. Of these latter there are in this township about 1,500, weighing about 1,100 lbs., and of fair average qual- ity. They vary in type from Percheron to Roadster and general \purpose. and are of an average age of nine years,

Tilbury East is mainly a heavy horse centre, there being five Clydes- dales (two grades) and one Coach stallion. The average quality is not os high as it might be, and three of the horses are getting on in years, one being reported as unsound. Stud fees come at $9 to $15. Draught, general purpose, and Roadster are the three prevailing types among the mares in this section, which average in weight 1,200 lbs., and are fair in quality, age averaging seven years.

There are four Roadsters (two of them grades) and one Thoroughbred to a single Clydesdale stallion in Romney township, which indicates fairly well the type of mares kept, which are general purpose, Roadster, and some of heavier type of draught. Two of the stallions are aged, and with but twn exceptions did not rank as high as they might. From $10 to $13 are the

16 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Kent—Continued. general fees charged for service, but for one Roadster the fee is $20. Mares are fair in quality, in weight averaging 1,150 lbs., and in age seven years:

With the exception of one Clydesdale all the stallions in the township of Zone are Roadsters, two of these and the Clydesdale scoring well as re- gards conformation and action. All are sound but one. Fees range from $10 to $20, Roadsters topping the list, as elsewhere. Mares of general pur- pose and Roadster type, of about 1,100 lbs. weight and medium quality, constitute the breeding stock of this township. Their average age 1s 8 years.

Howard township is well represented in the number and variety of sires kept for service, which include two Hackneys, a German Coach, a French horse, two Cleveland Bays, a French Canadian horse, three Roadsters, two Coach horses, and six Clydesdales. Seven of these stallions are grades. They are mostly a good lot and the majority are sound, but two are 14 and 19 years old respectively. Ten to fifteen dollars is the range of fees for ser- vice, with one given as $20. In all there are some 1,800 mares of fair quality in the township, of an average weight of 1,200 Ibs., about a third being of the draught type, the rest general ‘purpose and Roadsters. Their average age is eight years.

All the six stallions inspected in Camden township were young horses and sound, three of them having been out for their first season. The average quality is fairly high, and the service fees follow the general rule from $10 to $15. There are 1,200 mares in the township, of Clydesdale, general pur- pose, and Percheron type, whose quality is fair, and average weight about 1,150 lbs., average age being seven years.

Harwich township possesses what is rather a rarity in Ontario now, viz., Suffolk Punch sire. The heavy horse interests are served by two Clydesdales and two Shires, while there are in addition three Percherons, a Coach horse, and three Roadsters. Two of the stallions are grades. The majority are reported sound, but some are well up in years. The service fee is the usual range from $10 to $15. The percentage of mares bred out of the 3,000 in the township is about 35 per cent. They average 1,250 Ibs. in weight, and are mostly general purpose, with some draughts and Roadsters. Their average quality is fair, and age seven years.

No stallions appear to be located in Chatham township. There are about 1,000 mares, chiefly of Percheron and hight type, weighing on an aver- age 1,100 lbs., and only fair in quality, average age being seven years.

Of the two stallions inspected in Dover township, one is a Percheron, the other a French Canadian, both pure-bred and of fair conformation. The fees are respectively, $15 and $11, and to them were bred rather more than a quarter of the 800 Percheron type of mare found in this township, their average weight being 1,100 lbs., quality only fair, and average age eight vears.

Orford township has one Percheron stallion four years old, sound and well rated, and has a good percentage of foals to its credit. There is also a Clydesdale and Coach horse. Service fees are from $8 to $10. About 800 mares are kept by farmers, being mostly of general purpose stamp, with a very few of heavier build. They average about 1,150 lbs., and rate fairly well as to quality, age averaging about eight years.

1906

Kent—Continued.

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO.

STALLIONS. | 7 & = 3 2 2 Breeding. s |e! e | a | ef ised] 38 : 2832 | 23) Bee (428) fe Eleee| € | 2 | s82 | bse] es | Z < <q fer) < Zz < | 3 Clydesdales, Imported............. 6 | 1,825 7] All....) Very fair. . 404 | 13 Clydesdales, {Canadian-bred. ..... 7 1 "657 10:6) ose) ait ineccocss 565 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale ............... 6 u 600 6} All Fairly ~ good. 463 | 10 Shires, Imported................4. 5+} 1,750] 1, 8] All ...| Fair ...... 399 | 12 Shires, Canadian-bred............. 1 1,600 7 | All....) Very fair . 85 | 10 Grades, Shire................00005 ] 300 2{All....| Medium .. 9| 12 Percherons, Imported ............. 5 | 1,493 9] All....) Very fair - 558 | 14 Percherons, Canadian............. 3 1,590 6] All....) Very fair.. 335 | 12 Suffolk. Punche.:.cc0e.222. dee sees 1 ,709) 15 | All....| Fair...... 110 | 12 Hackneys, Imported.............. 2! 1,225 73) All Good..... 217; 17 Hacknevs, Canadian-bred......... 2 1,000 6 {1 Good..... 14; 10 Standard-breds, imported ......... 12; 1,130 83] 10 Good.:... 561 | 17 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ......... 4 1,020 8 | All ....;} Good..... 60 10 Grades, Roadster................. 4 1,000 83/3 ....) Only fair . 82 | 10 Thoroughbreds .............-...-. 1 1,050 13 | All....| Medium.. 70 | 12 Grades, German Coach............ i 4} 1,300 TO) PASM scctect RAR xeccees 228 9 Cleveland Bays and Grades (1 pure- bred, 3 prades)i..g:cecwresey «: 4 | !,380 6 | All....} Very fair . 342 | 10 French Canadian and Grades (2: ! | pure-breds, 1 grade.............. | 3} 1,825 15 | All....| Very fair. 314] 11 Totalavaey soni ooee ee: pon 4816 Margs. 2 of Z Rar) Cy ‘a é Townships. ‘3 a 3 ‘d) Type. = a = # B= 88 Se) & | & QZ ae a) 3 3 gece og 8 S Be.ne 5 Au os > Z < < < City of Chatham........ 522 | Light Roadster .................... 1,050/Fair .... 9 Raleigh: i .scciessaeses ees 525 | Percheron, Roadster and General Purposes. 3.5 gon aur ia veces Sh he4 8 1,100|Fair....) 9 East Tilbury ........... 548 | Draught, General Purpose and Road- BLOT: 25,3.29 suber crt cheeses careians shone 1,200|Fair....' 7 ROMNEY-.2 2c seceenesn ces 310 | Strongly General Purpose, Draught and Roadster ................., 1,150/Fair....} 7 DONG: siccisccscvavsnstay are eenice 289 | General Purpose and Roadster...... 1,100/Medium|} 8 Onion’ sinccsitaygiucaiisete ae Ye 215 | Mostly General Purpose, balance Roadster s <iscs gue ca vee see ee 1,100/Onlyfair| 9 Howard ...........0.-6- 1,002 | One-third Draught, balance General Purpose and Roadster .......... 1,200/Fair....| 8 Camden.2 vicianiokis es: 389 | Clydesdales, General Purpose and PORCH ORO five. 2 ais: bpsiteinst sores ateoe needs J,150|Fair.... 7 RAT WICHy iin iiese tne tedoy 786 |Mostly General Purpose, a few Draught and some Roadsters...... 1,250)Fair.... 7 Chatham. eisiiuevere ose leanceres? A good many Percherons and light kinds) o:cshasenened vocal sees 1,100/Onlyfair| 7 Dover cccsccindiwcds ss: 230: | Percherons::522245 sesiee eye eseca ss 1,100,Only fair} 8 LOtH a datinnniecacens 4,816

18 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Kent—Concluded.

Mares Brep to DirFreRENT CLANES OF STALLIONS.

Total. | Serviceably sound. || Not serviceably sound. tallions. Su S . O8 , 2 2 | | a E gS lagi s8 |as=i& | BE #8, 1 & BS | HEE | 82 |) fef, &S | gs age, ot Yr) 77) ale Bos I ue, aes a ie B 12 oe mee Sc Arenas Bac a se | ae Registered Stallions.| 52 | 3,673 48 | 3,469! 10 | 4: 204 , 10 Grade Stallions... 19 | 1,143 8 41s) 11% | 10 Totals ........ val | gol 66 | 4,587 | eases, 5 | BODE he eave | . {

The public meeting for the county of Kent was held at Chatham on November 2nd. Representatives were present from nearly every part of the county. The meeting was unanimously in favor of an Inspection Act in regard. to pedigree and individuality, and also expressed an opinion that syndicating of stallions was all right provided good individuals were pur- chased at proper prices. It was suggested that more attention be paid to subjects relating to the horse industry at Farmers’ Institute meetings, and that Agricultural Societies should provide a separate class for each breed of horses.

Exain.

Southwold Township has nine stallions, made up as follows: Three Clydesdales, one Shire, a Percheron, two Roadsters (one a grade), a Thorough- bred and a coach horse. All are sound, and rate about the average, with two considerably above. Two were far advanced in years, and of the rest, five had travelled for the first time. Ten to sixteen dollars are the service fees, with one standing at $20. Draught, generdl purpose, and Roadster are the general types of the mares kept, which have an average weight of 1,200 Ibs., an average age of 7 years, and being in quality fair.

Dunwich Township has some 1,200 mares of a heavier type, weighing 1,350 lbs. on the average, about 2 per cent. being lighter in build. Their quality is reported good, and age averages 5 years. The heavier type of mares is responsible for a corresponding increase in the proportion of sires of that stamp kept, which is 5 Clydes, a Percheron, a Hackney, and two Thorough- breds (one a grade). Two of these horses are aged; the ages of the others range from 2 to 8 years. All pass muster as sound. Three of the horses are oe ls to this district. Fees charged vary from $10 to $17 with one at 20.

Ten stallions are on the routes in Yarmouth Township, where the pre- vailing type of mares is general purpose and Roadster, with a few draughts. The average weight of mares is 1,100 lbs., average age 8 years, and the num- ber 1,200, their quality being only fair. The sires run pretty much to the lighter types, there being only one Clydesdale to seven Roadsters, a Thor- oughbred, and a French Canadian. With two exceptions they are all sound, but some are up in years. $25 are the service fees in two cases for Road- sters, $12 to $15 being the usual fee charged.

Malahide is another township that favors the lighter breeds, the average weight of the mares being not more than 1,000 lbs., and they are of Hackney

2a H.B.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 19

’

Elgin—Continued. and Roadster type, and in quality fair. Their average age is 4 years. Road- ster sires predominate, being five in number, but of these three are grades; Hackneys are four in all, one being a grade; Percherons number two, and Thoroughbreds one. No information could be obtained about one horse whick with its owner was away from home. Most are sound, but two were very old. Fees are $10, $11, $13 to $15. The average quality is fair.

The Inspectors’ report as to the mare stock in Bayham Township is not at all favorable, the 500 mares there being in quality bad, in type the same, and only averaging 950 lbs. in weight, their average age being 10 years. Roadster stallions number four out of six sires in use, und of these two are grades. There is also one Thoroughbred and a Percheron. Fees are as low as $5, $12 being the maximum sum.

In Aldboro’ Township mares are of a somewhat heavier type, the greater number being general purpose, with others of a Clydesdale type. About 1,150 is the average weight, quality being medium. The number kept is about 1,200, the average age being 9 years. Two Clydesdales, two Roadsters, a Hackney and a French Canadian (two being grades) form the total of the sires kept. With one exception they are sound. One is well on in years. Conformation and action of four are good. As, low as $7 is charged for fees, but the maximum is $15.

. # STALLIONS. : | Og ce ly 8 Breedi ne eee eee ee reeding. I 9 o | us) 3s @ =) ° BoSE) 2 28 Fe | SEE) Fe Bjigea| 2 &e SS | 882/88 a < < ie) < aq < Clydesdales, Imported ............ 10 | 1,740 6 All. Good 847) 14 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 3! 1,550 Fp AU bseeS BAI 6. cess 354 | 10 Shires, Imported ............... a 1 1,900 BAT cl Wah sccoetien 110 | 15 Percheérons's + is.06 36 4seenee eens ss 5 1,780 5 Albee AIP occ 484 | 15 Hackneys, Imported.............. 3 1,300 93 | All....| Good 196; 15 Hackneys, Canadian-bred .. ...... 2}; 1,200 AY | Ales: ee 135 | 15 Grades, Hackney ...... amie ean tets Ts] otis ateliece eee Alera a seat Metetnureren| i eeskeia Standard-breds, Imported .. ...... 10} 1,100} 83 | All... er 209 | 15 * Roadsters, Canadian-bred.. ....../ 3 1,060] 6 | all....| Medium 160) il Grades, Roadster ...............45 71 1,100; 10 | All....) Fair. ..... 154° 10 Thoroughbreds, Imported......... Bo DFOO | LO: PAR eee MAIR tes 232. 10 Grades, Thoroughbred ..... ee 2! 1,050/ 11 | All....| Fair. ..... 40; 10 German Coach Horses, and French Canadian and Grade French } Canadian (1 German, 1 French, | Canadian, 1 French Canadian ; GAGE) iiaie ois ait ave ctaiacoler oehauerg arenes 3 1,325; 13 | All....; Medium. 229, 10 | | Total 2 ssccicaie amie tie ss 55 3,150 :

oa

20 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Elgin—Concluded.

2m = Mares. — ig 2 a s"acr soe -e | g . ge a 5 fo Townships. c 2 ois Type. zyg| = a hr Oo a ov @ o Oo oOF woe an 5a Bees co| 8 | & 5o8e oe 2 > Z <a < <q Southwold.............. 650 | Draught, General Purpose and ; en Roadster ccncinsevweeas oes cama 1,200, Fair... 7 Dunwich’............... 741 | Two per cent. light, rest Draught ../ 1,350 Good. . 5 Marmouth cru-ocencainns 324 | General Purpose, Roadster and a Only , } 1,100, { : : few draught ..............--- | \ fair. . 8 Malahide os. seeccce ees 751 | Inclined to be light Hackney and j ROA SOE ssisiscsic:seeasscgsca vase avs oe 1,000: Fair. .. 8 Bay Paty. se. eoncan oo ee 288 | Bad, very light ................06- 950, Bad ...| 10 AIGDOrO waists s24 oa wens 396 | General Purpose and leaning to Clydesdale. cciccesduiaes ot anne 1,150 Me lium 9 GHA oseuiad cas 3,150 Mares Brep To Dirrerent Cuasses oF STALLIONS. Total. , Serviceablv sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. ‘og |S | 3a | Se os 6G 1/3 6 ee eee oe ge hee Bel aie |g o.5 SOo~ O.5 oo i) OD-a oo 60 24/257 | £6 /28 3] #5 25 Sap zy Be |8e5) 82 | 865) os ge | 885, $8 A A z z < Zz z < $ $ Registered Stallions.. 44 2,845 43 2,775 13 1 70 10 Grade Stallions ..... 11 305 11 305 A Ba | Doar vie CNR eee een ee Motel: pase 55 | 3,150 Ba | BOB) | awavans 1 TO leer! I

Public meetings in the County of Elgin were held at Aylmer on October Tth, and at ‘St. Thomas on November 9th.

At the Aylmer meeting the majority of those present were in favor of ‘stallions being licensed and registered, and it was also the opinion of the meeting that if an Inspection Act was enforced by the Government, there would be no difference whether a horse were syndicated or bought by a pri- vate individual. It was suggested that more time be devoted to questions relating to the breeding of horses at Farmers’ Institute meetings, or that a special series of educational meetings should be held. It was stated that the sale of too many good mares, the use of too many poor stallions, the indiscrim- inate breeding of horses, and the importation of western horses, all contri- buted to the depreciation of the quality of our horses.

At the St. Thomas meeting it was resolved that the report prepared and presented by the St. Thomas and Elgin Horse Association be -adopted. This report stated that resolutions had been passed favoring the syndicating of stallions, in favor of a Stallion Inspection Act, and in favor of the Gov- ernment giving prizes for mares at horse shows and fairs in the County of Higin.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. © 21

LamsBron.

In Brooke township, heavy breeds are to the light as 5 to 4. Three Clydesdales and two Shires, all pure-bred, and four Roadsters (one a grade), compose the list of sires. All are rated sound. Two are 13 years old. Their standard, as regards conformation, action and general worth is very fairly good. Ten dollars is the lowest, and fifteen the highest fee charged. The 1,200 mares kept are somewhat of the draught type, others are gen- eral purpose, and a few Roadsters. Average weight runs about 1,150 lbs., while quality is medium, and the average age 7 years.

The breeding stock of mares in Euphemia township, totals 700, are gen- eral purpose in style, and average 1,100 lbs. Their quality is only medium, and average age 9 years. Two Clydesdale sires, and one Hack- ney are kept for service; two of these have only been standing for service for one season. No unsoundness is reported, and the average rating is fairly good. For one Clydesdale, a grade, the service fee is $8, for the pure- bred, $12. .

As the 1,800 mares kept in Warwick township are mostly draught, with some Roadsters, we find Clydesdale sires in the majority. The mares average 1,250 lbs., their quality is good, and average age is 6 years. No less than 8 out of the 13 stallions in service are Clydesdales, only o e be- ing a grade. Roadsters come next in point of numbers with four, two of which are grades, and there is one Carriage stallion. Four of the total are newcomers. The average for conformation, and action is fairly good. Starting with $8 for a grade, the service fees run up to $12.

In Plympton township there are about 1,200 mares of very mixed type, averaging 1,100 lbs., and only fair in quality, with an average age of 8 years. Stallions number 18, 12 pure-breds, and 6 grades. Service fees are as low as $7, and as high as $12. Most of the stallions are sound, and barring some very aged horses, scored fairly well. Roadsters lead with eight. Clydesdales number six, and there is one each of Shires, French Canadians, German Coach, and Thoroughbreds.

Bosanquet township favors Clydesdales, 3 out of 4 of the sires being of that breed, and the other a German Coach. All are sound, but the aver- age quality is not as high as it might be. There is considerable of a Clydes- dale type in the 1,500 mares in this township, their average weight being 1,200 Ibs., and quality fair, and average age 7 years. Service fees are $10 to $15.

In Sarnia township breeding proceeds largely on Roadster lines, there being four sires of this breed to one Clydesdale, one Percheron and a Hack- ney. Three of the Roadsters are grades; all the sires are sound. In con- formation the average is fair, but the percentage of colts is small. Ten to fifteen dollars are the fees charged. The report on the mares describes them as of general purpose type, and not very good, averaging 1,100 lbs. in. weight, and in quality not as good as they might be. Their average age is 9 years. ,

Considering that in Moore township there are about 1,100 mares of fair quality, weighing 1,200 lbs., and mostly of Clydesdale and Shire draught type, the balance being Roadster and Percheron, the proportion of 5 Clydes- dale stallions to one Percheron, a German Coach Horse, and three Road- _ sters is not excessive. Of the stallions, three are grades, and all are fairly sound, while four are well up in years. Four rank well as to conformation and action, and others are about the average. Service fees are comparatively

small, $7 to $12.

22 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Lambton — Continued,

Two Roadsters, a Clydesdale, and a Percheron represent the breeds as sires in Sombra township, which contains 700 mares, general purpose and mixed in type and not very good in conformation or quality. They aver- age 1,050 Ibs., and average age is 9 years. The stallions are all sound, and are fair in conformation and action. They are all grades. Fees are low from $7 to $10. i

Medium is the quality of the mares in Dawn township, which average 1,150 Ibs. in weight, and are of a medium Clydesdale type, some having Roadster and Shire characteristics. Their average age is 8 years. There are only three stallions in the township, two Clydesdales (one a grade), and a Shire, the latter in his first season. They do not average very high in rating, und service fees average from $8 to $15, the former for the grade.

In Enniskillen township, sires of the heavy breeds are in the majority, there being five Clydesdales (two being grades), one Shire, two Roadsters, and a French Canadian. With four exceptions the quality is not extra good, but all are fairly sound. In ages, they range from 2 to 9 years, and service fees from $8 to $12. The percentage of foals is fairly good in most cases. Mares total 1,200, and are of Clydesdale and Roadster type. Their average weight is 1,200 lbs., quality fair and average age 7 years.

STALLIONS. 5 . 1 o ee ie a 8 = ing. K vet 2 j wo & wD | o 8 penn B|eos| @ | 88) S$. | BAB | Se qd jsec! & | Fs BSS | das] Ss 3 LEA be i @ 5 OS 50a > @ z% | « a) < zZ <q $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 16 | 1,760 8 | All....| Medium good 1,650 11 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred. ...... 11; 1,740 10 | All Fair...... 1,287 10 Grades, Clydesdale ............... 9} 1,475 7 | All P8Ibs 3.0% 542 8 Shires, Imported ...1............. 3 1,930 9 | All Good..... 393 12 Grades; Shire. ....5+:osnrsakves eee 2) 1,625 8 | All Balt s.s.04 155 10 Percherons, Imported and Grades. Medium (2 Pure-bred, 1 Grade)........... 3, 1,460 9) All....; good. 272 9 Hackneys, Imported...... ......- 2: 1,250 + 53| All....| Good..... 189 12 Standard-breds, Imported........., 9. 1,167 10 | All....| Good..... 675 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred. ....... 5° 1,150 7 | All....) Fairly good... 245! 10 Grades, Roadster ....... -.-..-+-- ; 18 1,050 7 | All....) Very Fair. 661 9 Thoroughbreds, Imported. ........ ! 1 1,300 20 | All....| Fair...... ; 75 10 German Coach Horses.......---.- 3. 1,350 13} All Medium . : | good... .| 226 11 French Canadian, and Grades and} Cleveland Bay (1 French Cana-; dian, 1 Grade French Canadian, | | Fairly | 1 Grade Cleveland Bay)......... 3} 1,375 6 All... aa i

Totalaics anaes vlan 1 80 |

«

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 23

Lamnbton.—Concluded.

Margs. ‘i i ae ; } Be a 2 oa 5 3 a |g Townships. a) pee] Type. o Ey mi fa | o oD o Byes ea; & |P yO MO be & q526| Ein > ES A | < < < BROGKCstc0- 04 ceseseine eaters 976 | saa Draught, General Pur- _ pose and some Roadsters........ 1,150) Medium..) 7 Bu phemia os ccsitagiy'e cones 226 | General Purpose ...........2.. 00+ 1,100) Only mid- ‘ dling...| 9 Watwick sss secacaucaas% 1,176 | Mostly Draught with some Roadsters| 1,250/ Good....| 6 Phy Mm ptoniecncc.d ccbeacesorare 1,420 Very mixed... ss.s2is setae ees 1,100] Only fair; 8 Bosanquet ............4- 472 | A good deal of Clydesdale blood.. 1,200} Fair..... 7 SaPD ay ve ccsseitesiennh.c oa 3 vor 483 | General Purpose and not too good. . 1,100} Not too . good 9 M@Oré: «sedeniedtes Sond 712 | Mostly Draught, Clydesdale and ~ Shire, and some Roadsters and Percheron) e333 3.c5ces sian wardacie s 0 1,200] Fair ..... { 6 SOMDFA css see sy see 156 | General Purpose, not very good .. 1,050} Not good| 9 DaWh chest eeeess ..i.{ 2385 | Medium, Clydesdale and some Road- ; ster and Shire ................. 1,150) Medium..} 8 Enniskillen......... 2... 709 | Clydesdales and Roadsters......... 1,200} Fair..... 7 Total evtnaaiscndeyces 6,565 ‘ Mares Brep to Dirrerent Ciasszs or STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. ‘Ss a 6 6 S bs So PS ‘S a S s HO mw ge nO wor o Oo woe o Ee | 383) 38 | £85) 2, | 22 | 283] 8, s3 )as&] 88 | g65/ ss dS 9465] 53 5a BAe 5 BAe aa 5a Bao Se a Z Z a < 4 Z < $ $ Registered Stallions.. 53 5,096 53 5,096 ee We asada eesitlatesdgh ch cantonal aia bene Grade Stallions. ..... 27 1,469 27 1,469 DI eussescacn esse itataitees oe Negeaar anaes Totale zoiaveasibine 80 | 6,565 80 |) 6,565 | a weet oehneees eee ee

The public meeting for the county of Lambton was held ‘at Potralea, on November 19th. There were present about thirty breeders ' and others interested in horse breeding.

After considerable discussion, those present put themselves on record as favorable to an Inspection and Licensing Act, and that after a reason- able time, there should be compulsory legislation. Some of the reasons given at the meeting for inferior quality among the horses were the sale of the best mares to outside buyers, the syndicating of inferior stallions, and the inability of the average farmer to detect unsoundness. The use of in- ferior sires, owing to cheaper fees charged, was also one prominent cause of deterioration of stock,

An informal meeting was held in the Council Chamber, Forest, No- vember 13th. It was unanimously agreed that an Inspection and Reg- istration Act would help the horse industry. The holding of spring shows for stallions, under the auspices of the Agricultural Society was highly recommended.

2+ REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 63

SpreciaL Rerort or INSPECTORS.

In the first place we wish to say that it is not possible flor us to give a8 full and comprehensive a report as we would have done had more time been placed at our disposal. We were not able to inspect every stallion in each district, and therefore did not come in contact with the breeders and users of such animals,

However, we are of the opinion that the Department could not have made

a more popular move than to give consideration to the adoption of an Inspec- tion and License Act. Resolutions in favor of these points have been unani- mously adopted at all our meetings, and in fact by all individuals with whom we had the privilege of talking about these subjects. _ As to the condition of the horse breeding industry, we might say that it certainly requires some directing. There are many causes for the present condition. The first and greatest has been indis«riminate and careless breed- ing. In the second place we hear complaints from the owners of! stallions, of the great scarcity of good mares of all breeds or types to breed from. Dur- ing our trip this was a very noticeable fact. Some attribute it to the high prices being offered by farmers and breeders of Manitoba and the other west- ern provinces. This may be partially true at the present time; still we can- not but think that carelessness and lack of interest, or, in other words, lack of foresight on the part of the farmers and breeders, is to a great extent re- spousible for the present bad conditions of our brood mares.

As a Province we are peculiarly situated, having perhaps better facilities in this country than in any other for the breeding of high class, well bred horses of any type or breed. Our surroundings are such as to bring us in close proximity to the best markets of America. In fact, some years ago the great republic to the south of us were purchasers of a great number of high class horses which were bred in our Province at that time, namely, the draught horse, and the high class harness and saddle horse; and we venture to say if the people of this Province had been more careful to breed along the lines of the foundation laid in this country thirty or forty years ago, we would to-day be head and shoulders above any other country in being able to produce the best of the above mentioned classes.

The existing evils can partially be remedied by education, but the gen- eral opinion is that an Inspection Act will have the greatest tendency to im- prove the present conditions, from the fact that no stallion inferior in breed- ing and individuality would then be given a permit to go into commission. Therefore the breeders and users will not have to withstand the solicitations of wily horse owners inducing them to use undesirable animals, which, coupled with a desire for a cheap fee, has been one of the chief factors in bringing about the present low standard. It is impossible to buy a first-class horse for commercial use from the farmers of this Province.

Another cause which stands out prominently as a factor leading to the present conditions is the syndicating system. This fact has been impressed upon us for a number of years, and we found on our trip over five counties that in nearly every case animals sold by this system were of a very inferior quality, and cost from twenty to thirty per cent. more than a first-class ani- mal of the same breed cost private individuals. This has also been the opin ion of most of the people we met, and we believe that it is high time that this kind of unscrupulous plundering was stopped.

Another reason why an inspection placed in competent hands would be of great service, is that it would have a tendency to make importers and speculators more careful in making their selections, knowing that individuals

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 25

Report Inspectors District 1—Concluded. or companies would not purchase unless the animal or animals had passed inspection.

Licensina FEEs.

In considering what fee should be charged in connection with licensing, it would be well to have as low a rate as possible, so that the horsemen might not consider it a hardship. In discussing this point at our meetings the con- census of opinion was that the fee should be large enough to make the Act workable. Some are of the opinion that five dollars should be the outside charge. We also think that this amount would be quite within the bounds of reason, and would be satisfactory to all concerned. This fee, of course, would cover the cost of issuing the license and inspection permit.

Pusuic MEETINGS.

Public meetings were held at Chatham, Aylmer, St. Thomas, Forest, London, Essex and Petrolea. In each place the meetings were small in num- bers, but made up for that in enthusiasm. Each meeting entered heartily into the discussion of the several points in question, namely, the licensing and inspection. of stallions, together with a recommendation for registration. In every case we endeavored to encourage discussion on the part of those attending the meeting, our part being to receive the views placed before us. In each meeting we asked for a vote coupling together the license and inspec- tion, taking up the registration separately. Hach meeting gave an unani- mous vote in favor of each of these votes. From the apparent feeling of those we came in contact with in the district visited by us, we are firmly of the opinion that public opinion is ready for regulations of this nature.

As to Conpitions Found In Eacu County.

Middlesex and East Lambton have probably the greatest number of good stallions in each and every class; they have also the best class of brood mares.

Hast and West Elgin come next, having a few as good as any we have seen in the.above mentioned counties.

west Lambton being a comparatively new district, is somewhat behind, but breeders seem to evince a desire to improve their conditions.

Hast and West Kent seem to pay more attention to the producing of speed, irrespective of conformation and quality, yet in these ridings we met a few extra good types of the standard-bred trotting horse.

North Essex is away behind in all classes, We only saw one fairly guod atallion in that riding.

South Essex has a mixed breed of a very poor quality.

As to the conditions predominating in each county, we find that they have all equal facilities for breeding any class of horse required for the market, of this or any country,

In our opinion the horse industry is one of the greatest, if not the great- est, branch of live stock, and we, together with all interested in the industry, are glad that the present important step has been taken, and trust, and in fact know, that you will receive the strong support of every right thinking man. : Z In conclusion; we think it would be well for the Department to place before the breeders of the Province the real requirements of our existing markets, what they are at present, and also the great expectations in connec- tion with the development of our country.

(Signed) Ww. Smrru, J. D. Granam.

26 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

DISTRICT NO. 2.

: Counties.—Halton, Wentworth, Brant, Oxford, Norfolk, Haldimand, Welland and Lincoln.

Inspectors.—John Gardhouse, Highfield; Wm. Cain, V.S., Perth. Hatton.

In the township of Esquesing the.majority of the sires are of the lighter breeds, but two Clydesdales are kept for service. The different breeds re- presented are Roadsters, four (two being grades), Carriage, two (one a grade), and Clydesdales, two. In one instance the stallion was not seen owing tu his owner being away from home. The average of soundness is low, only about one-half, while conformation also averages only fair. The service fees are correspondingly low, from $6 to $10, with one of $15. The Carriage stal- lions are among the best of those seen. Mares number but 262, of an aver- age weight of 1,050 lbs. and average age 9 years; they are poor in type, and average quality is very poor. In commenting on this township the Inspec- tors say: “A large percentage of the stallions in this township should never be used for breeding purposes. Your committee are of the opinion that the horse industry would be very much improved in this township by the intro- duction of a few good stallions, as well as a large number of mares.”

In Nassagaweya township there are four stallions, and only one pure- bred among them,—a Percheron. The rest are grades of Percheron, Road- ster, and the French-Canadian type respectively. All are sound, and their conformation is generally good, the pure-bred being reported as of good type. $10 is the fee generally charged for service. There are 358 mares in the township, poor in type and average quality, average weight being 1,100 \bs. and age 9 years. Most of the mares in the township are bred. There are a few very good mares, but most are of no breeding, and not of good qua- lity. One of the stallions would have made a good gelding.

Trafalgar township has long been noted as a breeding ground for light horses, of which some good specimens have been bred in the past. The lean- ing is still towards light horses, as is seen by the list of sires, among which are three Thoroughbreds, two Carriage horses (one a grade), two Hackneys. a German Coach, a Standard-bred, two Percherons (one a grade), two Clydes- dales (one a grade), and a Shire grade. Eleven out of the list are sound and with the exception of four are of a good or fairly good type. Service fees are from $10 to $15, but in the case of a Thoroughbred the fee is given as $50. \[eres number 784, and are of fair type and quality, averaging in weight 1,150 lbs. The Inspectors state: “Farmers in this township appear to be paying a little more attention to breeding, and also to the selection of sires, though, perhaps using more light sires than is in the best interests of the horse industry in a township like Trafalgar. A few young pure-bred mares have been purchased by farmers in this township for breeding purposes.”’

Nelson township runs a little more to heavy horses than Trafalgar. There are four Clydesdales and a Shire, all pure-bred, standing for service here as against two Standard-breds and a Roadster. Of the eight sires, six are sound or serviceably sound, and their type and conformation is mostly good. Two are 16 years old. There are a few very good registered mares in the township, but the type and quality of the majority, of the mares are poor. They average in weight, 1,100 lbs., and in age 7 years. More atten- tion is paid to the breeding of heavy horses in Nelson township than in any of the other townships in Halton county.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 27

Halton—Continued.

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘In the county of Halton your committee think that the heavy horse is the most suitable one for the average farmer to breed. We find that there are very few good mares to breed from, and no system followed by most of the breeders, some mares with one, two and even three heavy crosses in them being bred to poor light stallions, and poor light mares being bred to heavy horses. We also found that too often when a farmer has a mare that is used up and no good, he at once breeds her and tries to raise a colt. Suggestions were made’ that the Ontario Department of Agriculture distribute some literature that would impress on the farmers the advisability of breeding to type, and only breeding such mares as are suitable to raise colts that are sound, and that this would help the horse industry very much.’’

STALLIONS. ry ' C) Bons -| #8] f | 2, Fl Be) as reeding. w | oe © rd © we o 8 e\/eee| 2 | 88 | fag | S85) PE B)eea | & | Ef | gee | Boe) ee az | < oa) 4 Za < : $ Clydesdales, Imported, Canadian- bred and Grades (4 Imported ; 3]: : Canadian-bred, 1 er. scales 8 1,635 6 | Bi vcac Fairly good. 485 10 Shires, Imported and Grades (1 Pure-bred ; 1 Grade) ..... eee 2} 1,800 11; All....} Fairly good. 210 12 Percherons, Imported............. 2: 1,800 5 | All....| Good....... 90 |...... Grades, Percheron...........+..++ 2 1,575 5 | All Good....... 170 10 Hackneys, Imported and Canadian- bred (1 Imported; 1 Canadian- bred). cckeus caress cua eaten 2 1,050 Ba Mecteue als Good....... 90 14 Standard-breds, Imported......... 2) 1,100 9 | All Good....... 65 11 Roadsters, Canadian-bred.......... 3 | 1,060 Oo Dowaass Fairly good. 140 9 Grades, Roadster......- # igibhel Shara dae, 8 4| 1,160 12 | All....) Fairly good. 183 10 Thoroughbreds, Imported......... 3 1,170 14 | All....) Good....... 179 20 German Coach Horses and Grades and French Canadian Grades (1 Grade Coach; 1 Grade French Canadian ; 1 German Coach FIOTRO i hae Soe sel eee ee eee Ci] 1,345 7 | All....| Good....... 347 10 Potals ace cneeveares 34 1,959 Mares. £5 . as es 258 ‘ E=| ices mu ‘dS 2 Townships. i) 23 iq Type. E a = EY B2Ss Qe g g 25 268 28 Ey Ey q@iae oe & 3 5.3.84 oH > > za < <q < : ee Trafalgar...... eeu sninne ys 784 | Some Clydesdale, Carriage and a few i Roadsters). 22.66.45. sass caeewe ss 1,150) Fair.....) 8 Esquesing......-...---+- 352 | Light mostly..................000 1,050} Very poor} 9 Nassagawey@..........-- 358 | General Purpose as a rule.......... 1,100| Poor..... 9 Nelsomivs cep cipeesenracie os 465 | Heavy, with a few light ........... 1,100} Poor....:} 7 TS, coiiitatde meek 1,959

28 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Halton.—Concluded.

Mares Brep to DirFerent CLassEes oF STALLIONS.

| Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. | SG |S e te 1S g | oe ! SB os6 | jou hme nw i | Oo tar | | 82 | Bo] 88 | 285), & | Se ' 8s! B ae g22 i Se |'eef, §% ' BB 28 BB / Ba | 585 5 Sa, 2 | BB 5A ao | 2 iF Zz z i -@toof & * | =e —— ' { Registered Stallions.. 21; 1,216 15 | 986 | 13 6 | 230. 10 Grade Stallions...... 13| "743 12| 708; 10 te 10 —| We gt —— ee ee og Totals......... 34 | 1,959 27) 1,694 ae | Ri, eos uowsna

The public meeting for Halton was held at Milton on October the 11th. All the speakers recognized that there was room for great improvement in horse breeding in Halton county. The syndicating of stallions was very strongly condemned, and those present thought that there should be an in-- spection of all stallions before they were allowed to stand for service, some favoring a license fee, while others seemed to think that the stallion owner had enough expenses at present.

WENTWORTH.

In the townships of East and West Flamboro nine stallions are standing for service, and out of these there are two Thoroughbreds, both of excellent type, two grade Roadsters, two pure-bred Percherons, a grade Carriage horse, a Shire and a German Coach horse. Seven are serviceably sound, and the conformation and quality of most of them is wp to the average. $8 to $10 are charged for service fees in most instances. Mares are poor in type and quality, averaging 6 years old, and 1,150 lbs. in weight. The Inspectors speak highly of the Thoroughbred sires, but think that some of the other sires should have been gelded. About twenty registered mares were found in the township.

There is pot one sire heavier than a Percheron to be found in Beverly township. The list is made up of two Thoroughbreds, three Carriage stal- lions, a French-Canadian, a Roadster, a German Coach, and a Percher- on. Only one case of unsoundness is reported, but quality and conformation is below what it should be. Fees for*service range from $8 to $15. There are about 20 registered Clydesdale and Shire mares in this township, the bal- ance being of a rather common type, averaging 1,150 lbs. in weight. Re- porting on this township the Inspectors say: “We only found one imported horse here, and the stallions in general are not a very good class for the farmers to breed to. As there are a number of registered heavy mares it is important that there be good imported stallions of the same breeds to mate witn them.”’

Out of the nine stallions in. the City of Hamilton and surrounding town- ship of Barton, one-third are not sound, while one is 21 years old, and another 11 years. Two are Thoroughbreds, three Standard-breds, one a Shire, one a Percheron, and the remaining one a grade. Their average for breeding purposes is low. The mares in this section are not of good type or quality,

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. | 29

Wentworth—Continued.

not over 1,100 lbs. on the average. One reason for this given by the Inspec- tors is that breeders are paying too much attention to race horses. The gen- eral run of service fees is $10 to $15, with one owner quoting $25.

A Percheron, a Roadster, and a Standard-bred comprise the sires in Saltfleét Township, the last named being of good type, and others fair. Two are reported sound, and their service fees run from $8 to $12. As regards the mares, these are of a poor light type not fitted for farming operations. “There seems to be very little breeding in Saltfleet Township”’ is the report of the Inspectors.

The Inspectors state: ‘‘We found a rather better class of horses in Bin- brook Township, but there is still room for improvement. Farmers seem to have no fixed type. More heavy horses could be bred with advantage here. Mares are fair in type and quality, averaging 1,100 lbs. in weight.’’ It is creditable that all the stallions standing for service are sound. Among them are a grade of Clydesdale blood, and another of French-Canadian. The breeding of the rest is: Standard-breds, three; English Coach, one; and Hackney, one. In couformation they average fairly good. The fees for the two grades are $7 and $8 respectively and for the pure-breds from $10 to $15.

Not one heavy stallion was inspected in Glanford Township, and farm- ers apparently are paying very little attention to horse breeding. The In- spectors report that some good heavy stallions and mares would be a good in- vestment for farmers and breeders here. At present the mares are of no special breeding, aud only average fair in quality, having an average weight of about 1,150 lbs. The rating of the stallions used is, on the whole, rather medium, but all are sound. They include a Hackney, two Standard-breds, a grade Germau Coach, and a grade Carriage horse. Fees vary from $10 to $15.

Breeders in Ancaster Township are turning their attention more to breed- ing heavy horses and three Clydesdales were among the seven sires on service here. One is a Welsh pony, rated good, one a Percheron, one a Carriage horse, and two Roadsters (one being a grade). They are nearly all sound and score fairly well; service fees range from $10 to $15. There are twenty- one imported mares in the township, besides several registered Canadian- bred Clydesdale mares, and the general type and quality are fairly good.

Inspectors’ Remarks: “In Wentworth farmers seem to have no fixed type. Far too many are breeding to light sires for the best interests, of the horse industry. While we think that this county is one in which light horses can be raised with profit, yet too many farmers are making a mistake in breeding mares of a fair farm type to light road horses, some of which have very little breeding.”’

30 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Wentworth—Continued.

1 Canadian-bred; 1 grade)........ 5} 1,640 6 \All..... Fair....... _ B22 10 Shires, Imported. ................. 2 | 1,800 4 All..... Fairly good! 10512 Percherons........... 0.22. wes een 6 |, 1,800 7 All.....:Moatly good 310 «12 Hackneys, Imported and Canadian- | 5

bred (1 imported ; 1 Can.-bred). 2/1 1,875 5 jAll. ...: Fairly good} 195 12 Standard-breds, Imported and Road- ;

sters, Canadian-bred (1 Standard-

bred ; 7 Roadsters .............. 8 1,190 9 7...... . Fairly good! 234 0=«212 Grades, Roadster. ................. 7: 1,125 SPALL song aire cesses 324 10 Thoroughbreds, Imported...... ae 3 1,060 OF a tates et Fairly. 2000 sine sce <p coun Thoroughbreds, Canadian-bred.... 3 1,100 53 (2........|Fairly good 79 «12 Grades, German Coach............ 3) 1,370! 8 lee good 270 10 English Coach Horse and Grades (1 |

pure-bred ; 6 grades)............ 7 1,350 13 6 nae Aepese 3669 Grades, French-Canadian and no ! |

particular breeding.............. 3 1,225 10 !All .1Fairly good! LTR 11 Welsh Ponys.cses2e: es steae gases Dy Wbrese-ts v.Geant autaeernsls eared iGood...... 7 joveces

Totalei cn sain ees os 50, | 2,400 | Mares wegen edu | oes eee Sy RS aoe = 7 = Dic s é iLa®. 2 in pee a | & ees f2' g & Townships. (OSes Type —— o < HE ee v ey Sy 8ea ee, = 2 gh sa) ra Fy 5 ‘gp Qo.5 ie 2 = Zz | < « <4 East and West Flamboro.| 410 | Mostly small, a few good registered Clydesdales...............0000.4 1,150 |Poor....: 6 Beverl ysis scsi pag meaner’ 538 | A few registered Clydesdales and ' Shires, balance light............. 1,150 |Fair..... 7 City of Hamilton and! ee

heavy mares, others general Fairly | purpose and light........0...... 1,150 | good... 8 Total .......0.0.005. | 2,490

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 31

Wentworth—Concluded. .

Mares Brep to Divrerent CLASSES OF STALLIONS.

Total. Serviceably Sound. Not Serviceably Sound. om Pelee) wD ; oa “0 : SF te ov et ov o Oe oo o Stallions. a Fa og ra Ss # a 9 B= (58 | BE | BB & s= | 38 % a, 22. 243 128.) #£ | 23 |48.| ES | fas | 8# | €Ss| 8 BS | Ess] § a a a aw < a a] < $ $ Registered Stallions. 30 1,271 28 1,262 13 2 9 8 Grade Stallions...... 20 1,219 18 1,091 9 2 128 9 Totals.......... 50 | 2,490 46 | 2,353 |........ 4 1BE isa eee

The public meeting for this county was held at Dundas on October 16th. Those present were in favor of the Government taking some steps to prevent poor, inferior, and unsound stallions from being used for breeding purposes, and if the time is ripe to have all stallions inspected. Some of the speakers stated that the stallions now used for breeding are not as good as those that used to travel some years ago.

Brant.

While South Dumfries township favors the heavier sires to a consid- erable extent, having two Clydesdales, two Percherons, a general purpose grade, a French Canadian grade of a heavy type, and a grade Carriage horse, there is plenty of room for improvement in the ratings of the major- ity of them as regards soundness, conformation and quality. There are a number of very good mares in this township, some being newly imported Clydesdales. The general run of mares is of fairly good type, and very good quality, being young and of good average weight. From $8 to $15 is the run of service fees.

Brantford township has a fair representation of sires, consisting of five Clydesdales (of which no less than three are grades), two Hackneys, a Percheron, a general purpose horse, and a grade French horse. While some are of pretty fair type, the Inspectors state that some should not be used as sires. As regards soundness nearly all qualify as serviceably sound. Service fees vary from $7 and $8 for grades, to $15 for pure-breds. The general run of mares is rather poor as regards type and quality, 1,150 lbs. being the average weight, and 10 years the average age. A few Hackneys ofa oe type have lately been imported. Not many heavy mares are being red.

Nothing but grade stallions, two Roadsters, a Carriage horse, and a general purpose horse were seen on the Indian Reserve, $10 is charged for service fee. The number of mares kept is 175, and out of these the In-

‘ spectors only saw two that looked like being useful brood mares. They re-. port this section as being one in which many useful horses could be raised, and that something should be done to raise the standard of the horses, especially as to introducing heavy horses, as most of the land is heavy.

Brantford city and neighborhood, are well known as a centre of Stan- dard-bred breeding, almost to the exclusion of other breeds. In the heavy

ta

32 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 68

Brant.—Continued.

line, nothing better than two Clydesdale grades are found, only one of which was seen by the Inspectors. They were also unable to see several of the others. Besides eleven Roadsters and Standard-breds (five of which are grades), and the two grade Clydesdales, there are, a Hackney, a Hackney pony, a Shetland pony, and a German Coach horse. A few are rated high, but several are below the average, and some are unsound. The fees for services are in general from $9 to $15, with one quoted at $20, one at $25, and one at $50, all three being for Roadsters. Mares are on the whole a very inferior lot, but there are a few very good light ones. Their average weight is 1,000 lbs., and age 10 years. The Inspectors think that too many trotting bred stallions are being used for breeding purposes, and that the horse interests would be served by the introduction of a few good pure-bred heavy stallions.

The stallions located in Burford township are a very poor lot, being all grades, one of Hackney blood, one Roadster, one Belgian, and the other general purpose. Service fees are $8 to $10. Mares are also a very poor class, not exceeding 1,000 Ibs. in weight. The Inspectors comment as fol- lows: ‘‘We understand that a few fair horses made stands in this town- ship from adjoining townships.”’

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘‘The county of Brant is well supplied with stallions so far as numbers are concerned, but there are not enough of the right kind. Brant is well adapted for the raising of heavy horses, and we think that if farmers and breeders would pay more attention to the breed- ing and raising of heavy horses, it would be a great advantage both to themselves and to the horse industry of this county.”

STALLIong. 3 ed i ag| @ = ss |s_ 4.88 j inl o a ue pene B|s5) 8 | F2 ) 8a | E28) Fs e | 522) 8 136 55 | 825 | 52 3 fea > 52 Ea s Ea > a < < ie) < Zz <a $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 3 | 1,850 7 | all Fair... 345 | 14 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 1 1,550 2 | All GOOG gists ves ee eel seace ote Grades, Clydesdale ............-.- 5 | 1,600 anes eee Fair...... 355 7 5 Fairby Percheron’: «sisal eve d Hecke Sees 3 1,870 5 | All ; "R00 J: 208 13 Hackneye, Imported ....... ....+. 2} 97) 6 | All ae ‘ 190} 12 Hackneys, Canadian-bred......... 2] 1,250 44 | All Fair...... 210 | 15 Grades, Hackney ....-.......---- 1 950 2 | All Fair...... 8 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported......... 3 1,120 8 | All Good re 180 | 18 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... eae ake ale ee wae 55 | 15 Grades, Roadster ......-.---.--+-- 8 1,000 7 Gites Fair..... 95 10 German Coach Horses and Grades

(1 Pure-bred, 2 Grades)......... 3 1,125 33} 1...... Fair...... 138 | 10 (;rades, French Canadian and Bel-

gian (2 French Canadian,.1 Bel-

PLAT): croik RaKaaee meee ey 3 | 1,525) 10 | 2...... Fairtecs...: 140 9 Shetland Pony ............-...0 BR] acer nena sie! | Illes wuntauallt of Geace aadaach ll gag ede cnunalltenaiy oi Grades, (general purpose)......... 4 1,300} 10 '8...... Only fair. . 270 8

Total ie icte ne mitvccies gan elon tans 42 2,194

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 33

Bromi=Conelidsd:

Makes. ge es B.S ra] a apes eo | 2 lg Townships. OS 8s Type a o 2 5s 2 e) 2 a) BuEE a | ee gRes © © ® r 5°.0R . > > A A < < a South Dumfries......... 425 | A few very good imported Clydes- Very dales ........... ..| 1,150} good) 5 Brantford .............. 824 | Mostly light ......... .-| 1,150} Poor 10 Indian Reserve ......... 49 | Very Yight and poor ...........-055 950] Poor ..| 9 City of Brantford and 2 BUBUEDS 2c. .scniaceienoni eee 746 | Mostly light and inferior .......... 1,000} Poor ..| 10 Burford .ccgeecccceess 150 | Mostly light and inferior .......... 1,000) Poor ..| 10 Total........... 2,194 , Margs Brep To DirrerEnt Ciasses or STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. oo | Stallions. 2) Oo Sl Nowa | he. 8 68/3 ¢ sé |seiii eS |ssS| e ga |ss*| g 2 dbz | 32 |2is| 2, | 22 |2bs| 8, Be |fee) 82 | fes| 2 | 8S | Sasa] ss A A . a a < A a < $ $ Registered Stallions . 19 1,270 18 1,270 15 Lo |aeiewanmleiuences Grade Stallions ..,.. 23 924 16 691 9 7 233 9 1c 42 | 2,194 = a (ies Fs) eee 8 288 leet

The public meeting of Brant was held at Brantford, on October the 20th. There were not very many present, but every one there was given the opportunity to express his views. One speaker said that the only way to improve the standard of their horses was for the Ontario Department of Agriculture to get the Legislature to pass an Act making it compulsory that all stallions kept for service be inspected and registered. Another speaker said that while that would be a very stringent measure, he was unable to see how they were going to get rid of the mongrel class in any other way, and all were agreed that the mongrel horse was and has been most detrimental to the horse industry. As regards syndicating stallions, those present were generally agreed that the system could be successfully carried out, if there were not too many in the syndicate, and the horses were purchased at their proper value.

3 FB

34 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 63

Oxrorp.

There are a number of very good imported heavy stallions and mares in West Oxford township; also some good Hackneys. In spite of this many farmers are using some of the grade sires to be found here, for one of which. at grade Clydesdale, only $6, is asked for service fee. The usual range, how- ever, is from $10 to $15, and one as high as $20. Among those on service are six pure-bred Clydesdales, one grade Clydesdale, two Hackneys, three grade Carriage horses, four Roadster grades, and a Coach grade. The majority are sound, but some are well up in years, one as old as 21 years. In this township are a number of very good Clydesdale filhes imported this year, aud the average type and quality of the mares in the township, estimated at 680, is fairly good, average weight being 1,200 lbs.

_ The number of stallions in North Norwich township is not large, con- sisting of three, all grades, one respectively of Standard-bred, French, and Clydesdale blood. They are all sound. Eight and ten dollars are the se1- vice fees charged. Mares are only a fair lot, in number 250 and not of a distinctive type.

Stallions are more numerous in South Norwich township, among them being a good Clydesdale, Hackney and Percheron. Here, too, we find three grade sires, a Belgian, a general purpose, and a cross-bred Clydesdale and Shire. The service fees are as low as $8, and from $10 to $15 as the gen- eral run. The mares here are 420 in number, of a fair type and quality in general, while there are some 20 or 30 imported fillies to be found in the township, which are a very good lot, too good for some of the stallions used, so the Inspectors say.

Nineteen stallions travel in Dereham township, no less than eight be- ing grades, and some of them of an inferior type, not to mention unsound- ness. Among them are four pure-bred Clydesdales, one Shire, one Thorough- bred, four Roadsters, and a Percheron; while the grades are six Roadsters, one Belgian und a Clydesdale. The service fees range from eight to fifteen dollars, the lowest, of course, for grades. Mares are of various types, being only fair in quality, and evidently too many are being bred to poor sires.

There is an improvement of quality in the sires in North Oxford town- ship, although only four in all, all being pure-breds, three Clydesdales and one a Standard-bred; all, too, are sound. From $10 to $15 are the service fees charged. Mares share in the improvement in quality which is fair, and there are u few very nice imported Clydesdale fillies and some Hackney fillies in the township.

“There are some useful animals in Blenheim township,” say the In- spectors, ‘and most of the farmers seem to be breeding heavy horses and showing good judgment in the selection of sires.’’ Out of the seven stal- lions found here, however, there are only three pure-breds (two Clydesdale and a Percheron) to four grades (two of Clydesdale, one of Roadster, and one of Carriage blood), Here fees run from 48 to $15. There are some very good mares to be found in the township, the average weight being 1,250 lbs., and average quality fair.

With the exception of a grade Roadster all the ten stallions found in Woodstock and the adjoining township of Blandford are registered. Quite a variety of sires are kept, ranging from two Clydesdales, three Standard- ‘breds, a Uhoroughbred, a Hackney, and an Arabian, to a Shetland pony. With a single exception they are sound, though not grading as high in quality and conformation as they might, a fact commented on by the Inspec- tors, who found some useful mares here, including a few imported Clydes- dales. The general run of mares average 1,200 Ibs., and are fair in type and ° guality.

3a LB

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 35

Oxford—Continued.

The townships of East and West Zorra are well known as a_ section where heavy horses are well patronized, and, consequently we find nearly all the sires of the heavy breeds. Six Clydesdales (one a grade) a Shire, a Hack- ney and a Roadster comprise the total, and they all are rated fairly well, while the lowest service fee is $11, and the highest $20. Mares, too, among which are a number of excellent imported Clydesdale fillies, average very good and are of a good type, weighing about 1,300 lbs., and average age slx years.

Of East Nissouri the Inspectors say: “In this township we did not see one real good stallion, but we learned that a few good imported heavy stal- lions from adjoining townships made stands in Hast Nissouri.’’ The mares here are of a fairly good type, in weight about 1,150 lbs., and in quality very good. A number of them are registered Clydesdales, and a good many are of a very fair type with two or three crosses of heavy blood. Out of the slx sires only one, a German Coach horse is pure-bred. There are three grade Clydesdales, and two Roadster grades.

Inspectors’ Remarks: “In Oxford county there has been during the last few years quite a number of good imported Clydesdale stallions brought in, also a number of good imported young mares, which, if taken advantage of by the farmers, should, if properly mated, improve the present standard very much. As far as we are able to learn many of the farmers appear to be breeding a better class of mares and showing very good judgment in the selection of sires, but there are still quite a number that are using the poor, cheap horse.”’ :

STALLIONS. | : 3 | & | & aois ¢ & rae PERS) 2. hee es? © Breeding. 8 Sr 5 Es Se £5 ‘¢ Bee: bes a aia © ‘ES. 55S ges 5S =) 2 By 2 B® > oOs aaa 2 a Z| a < na < Z 4 { Clydesdales, Imported ............ oo || 10h) S| ala * eek. | 1,190 | $15 Clydesdale, Canadian-bred......... 4 1,700 Ge | Alba. 2a) Fatt ccc 265 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale...............- 9 1,550 DO | AM sincc| aan wanes 324 9 Shires, Imported and Grades (2 im- : ported, i nde) BAe adie ® cieacadaiataihe 1,785 All Fairly 220; 11

Percherons.......... 20000 cece ee ee Hackneys, Imported..............

3 8 3 6 5 4 ae Standard-breds, Imported......... 6 1,180 | 18 | All....| Fair...... 240 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred..... oe z : ea 1 2 9

1

Grades, Roadster...........-..+++5

H

Thoroughbreds, Imported........ e 1,150 All Good..... 162 | 15 German Coach Horses and Grades Bairly

(1 Pure-bred, 1 Grade)......... 2 1,225 9 | Alles: poods .: 130 | ll Grades, English Coach Horse...... 4 1,250; 12 |8..... Balt waes 233 | 11

Grades, French Canadian and General Purpose (1 French Can-

adian, 1 General Purpose)....... 2 1,225 8 | All.... Fair Seavedsnire 87 8 Grades, Belgian. ......-.-.-.---+5- 2 1,575 OF ALL coh Fait ese nes 167 9 Ponies, Arab and Shetland (1 Arab,

WiShetland hie: saxcace~ bike chee ie 2 725 9 | All... | Good..... 386 | 15

36 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Oxford—Concluded.

Mares. @ ES 4 | ams 80 s : ea a. 5 s g, Township. S885 Type. a | a ¢ HH Ow 2 2 > EgEt iF 3 i o o o 28S > z a \_2 < West Oxford............ 736 | Some good heavy mares, but many Fairly light ones...........--0++ee eee 1,200 good..) 8 North Norwich ......... 262) Nair ces vomiuuiiese eae nt Oho es ees 1,150 | Fair..... 7 South Norwich.......... 420 | Some good heavy mares and others ; of lighter type..........0-----6- 1,150 | Fair.....; 8 Dereham................ CAO. SR ARR oe a aiccracaeacoy uated Paces umlee 1,050 | Only fair.; 8 North Oxford. .......... 273 | A few good Clydesdales, others ; MECIUM ..cdcicceddscaneresees eh 1,150 | Fair+,...; 9 Blenheim .............. 520 | Fair stamp of mares, including some : Blandford and town of good ones .........e eee eee eee 1,250 | Fair ..... 8 Woodstock ........... 521 | A few Clydesdales, others medium ./ 1,200 | Fair..... 7 East and West Zora..... 505 | Very good, including many imported Clydesdales.............-----+- 1,300 | Very good] 6 East Nissouri ........... 224 | Fairly heavy, with some good reg- istered Clydesdales............. 1,150 | Very good! 6 Totals hie dalla: 4,191 Mares Brep To Dirrerent CLasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. OB LS ae OE SS se o,s | se |ss2| sh |ss®| a | sf lege) es 2a 2s oo) aa ak s s aa ae 3 3 Be | S85] 8% | 885) 88 | #e | B85] ss a a 4 4 < A aq < Registered Stallions . 47 2,734 47 2,734 Si |e caeeileesnaslhaee nes Grade Stallions...... 35 | 1,457 28 | 1,359 9 7 98 8 Totals.......... 82 | 4,191 75 | 4,093 |........ 7 D8) aise atte

At the public meeting held at Woodstock, October 27th, attendance was not large, but most of the speakers seemed to think that stallions should be inspected. Some claimed that all stallions: used for breeding purposes should be registered, while others asserted that it would not do to shut out stallions which had proved themelves good sires, although they could not be registered, claiming that really good individuals should be allowed a permit. It was thought that there should be an Act passed giving the stal- lion owners a lien on the mare as soon as she is bred. With regard to syndi- cating stallions, opinions were given that in some sections, if a syndicate was formed of four or five men and they selected a first-class stallion, better sat- isfaction would be given than the present system of syndicates which include too many men.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 37

NorrFo.uk.

In Townsend township there are only two pure-bred sires out of thir- teen, and with few exceptions they are not of a very good standard although there is only one case of unsoundness. The pure-breds are a Percheron and a Hackney. Grades are of Clydesdale, Hackney, Roadster, and general purpose stock. A Clydesdale grade is giving service for $5, the highest fee *s $15. for the Percheron. ‘‘Too many farmers are using grade sires. A few good heavy mares have been bought by breeders during the year.”’

Woodhouse Gore township is fortunate in being in close proximity to Sim- coe, where a number of very good imported horses are owned. These are for sale. Some good fillies, too, have been imported and will make useful brood mares. Otherwise the quality of the average mare is fair. Weight 1,200 lbs., and type very fair. ‘There is only one grade sire, a Hackney, out of nineteen kept. Of the eighteen pure-bred, nine are Clydesdales, two Shires, three Hackneys, three Percherons and one Standard-bred. Fees run from $10 to $15. All-are sound and no less than eleven were imported last July.

In Windham township are a pure-bred Clydesdale, a registered Stand- ard-bred and a Percheron grade, and strange to say, the grade earns a larger fee than the second named. $9 to $10 are the fees charged. All sires are sound. Mares are a very poor lot, with only a rare exception.

While the soil of Middleton: township is light, and light breeds can be profitably raised, there is room for great improvement in the quality of the horses found here. There are very few good mares, the type and quality being described as poor. The average weight is 1,050 lbs. There are kept for service three pure-bred Roadsters, a Clydsdale, a Hackney, and a Roadster grade, and a general purpose grade. As high as $15, and as low aa $8 is charged for fees. No unsoundness is reported.

The stallions in North Walsingham township are not of a very high order, there being too many inferior horses in service, and there is some unsoundness among them. Out of the thirteen, eight are grades of Clydes- dale, Roadster, Hackney, and French stock. Among the pure-breds are four Clydesdales and a Suffolk Punch, one of the best. A Hackney grade and a Roadster grade have the lowest service fees, #5; other fees are $7, $8, $9, $10 and $12. There are practically no good mares in this township. and their average weight is about 1,100 lbs.

Charlotteville is another township that has a poor class of mares, and as many of the farmers are breeding to inferior grade stallions, prospects

are not very bright for raising the standard of horse flesh here. There are only two pure-bred sires, Clydesdales. The rest are two grade Clydesdales, a grade Percheron, and a grade Roadster, and fees are from $6 to $12.

With two exceptions the average of the sires in Woodhouse township is not high, and also there are very few good mares in the section, the gen- eral run being poor. Among pure-bred sires kept, are a Hackney, a Tho- roughbred, a German Coach horse, and a Percheron, while grades are of Clydesdale, German Coach, Hackney, and Standard-bred blood. ‘Five to twenty-five dollars are the fees for service. 5

The only representatives of registered stock in Houghton township are a Hackney and a Suffolk Punch. Other sires are a Belgian, Clydes- dale, and Roadster, all grades. Service fees run from $8 to $12. Mares are a very poor Jot, and there is room for some good heavy stallions.

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘‘The County of Norfolk is very well supplied in some townships with a very good class of stallions, there having been a number of good imported horses bronght out this year, a number of them

38

REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

No. 65

Norfolk—Continued.

being held by the importers for sale.

If two or three good men would join

together and_ select a good first-class stallicn at a reasonable price, and a number of these were kept in the county it would help to improve the standard of the horses veiy much, as some of the townships have a very

inferior lot of stsllions.’’

STALLIONS. ee. § g Breedi egies ae ¢ reeding. a oa= Q ers | b ve ° 3S | we | & 2 #82 = i Bees £2 |/S22| § . FS ! 85 € 1 oe 5 See > me wee 56 OD = tase A Z t tl 7 <q Zz hed $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 14 1,650 5 | All | Pairly good, 663 | 12 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred... .... 3} 1,700 A) AM enol airs xen 230; 10 Grades, Clydesdale................ 7 1,450 6 | All. Fair. 225. 8 Shites, Lmported ws es ics cass snenneies 2 1,650 2 | All. Goode visas : 1| 15 PERGDCEONS s.cripsnscsie cumin honkapatiern 5 1,760 4] All....|Fair.. 160 | 12 Grades, Percheron...............- 2) 1,375 33} All....j/Only fair. . 33 | 10 Suffolk Piin¢hhs-< sc. sega weave wens 2 1,800 7 | All....| Fairly good, 157 | 10 Hackneys, Imported and Thorough- : breds, Imported (4 Hackneys, 1 Thoroughbred). 6<sseaeesaese es 5 1,150 9) All. Good...... 208 | 12 Hackneys, Canadian-bred. ....... 3 1,300 Tc alles Good...... 880) 14 Grades, Hackney .......... 0 ....- 5 1,000 3 | All. Fair 226 8 Roadsters Canadian-bred ......... 6 1,130 9; All Fair 397 | 10 Grades, Roadster ...........-..005 13 1,175 Oe Oat iA cs yall Paltics. cies S69 9 Gernian Coach Horses............. 1 1,400 8 | All. Faivonsssa 20 | 10 Grades, German Coach............ 1 1,250 4} All. Fair 65 8 Grades—French Canadian, Belgian and General Purpose (1 French ; Canadian, 1 Belgian, 3 general DUEPOBE) fuse cone contenant oa 5} 1,265 | Alans alr os gach 369 8 RG GALS) Ls apsetyagnsstwoninsaceeae 4 4,008 | MAREs. a4 = x eee SO = ‘ oo : > g v Townships. aig! Type Ps = a 34 ey z ¢ Ba = z a a a @ 2 & ort - - > < = “ | —— POWMSENC sayy: so wath 700. | Mostly light but a few good heavy ‘Rather TWAT CB hen a2 ssa nie waar. NR a a eee 1,150! poor...) § Woodhouse Gore... ..... 565 | Several good imported BENS mee | balance fairly good. . 1,200/Fair..... 7 Windhari: vita oan aan P22 | -ViCy COR s c28 cis again eee etcatelneeey ‘Poor ..... 9 NINE cesta aug a 4 vase 610 Light and rather poor............. 1,050|Poor ..... 8 North Walsingham...... CARE | VOT POOL fe cesvnicetscsutle snes Joely tiation dabuars 1,100)Poor ..... 9 Charlotteville........... 369° | Very: POOP iia gueeactann nha aanene 1,100)Poor . 2... 9 Woodhouse ............. 436 | Not many good mares in this town- SHIPe i vier i wbesaleeres mene as 1,100 Poor ..... 8 Houghton jocvauey syne: 457 | Light and! poorsssceccicssaeuue anes 1,050;Poor . 2... 9 TOTAL fs see cawan ee dcie 4,003

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 39

N orfolk—Concluded.

Mares Brep ro Dirrerenr Ciasses oF SraLiions.

] l a al Total. Serviceably sound. {| Not serviceably sound. | — Stallions. OB 13 5 i ‘33 | a |

se |gshl pf | sae] 8 pS lee |g as |fa2| a (288 | #3 | 22 (422) Ps Ee) eam | 3M 5.0 2s BQ sah, 2H a 4 a wz <q A z ;

: ; | 8 | $ Registered Stallions.. 41 2,216 41 2,216 a bea eereereerere lige cum Nested. Grade Stallions...... 33 | 1,787 29 1,522 8 4 | 265 9

| | Totals. 74 | 4,008] 70 | 8,788 |........ a ae eerne | 1 ‘

The system of inspection was very freely discussed at the public meet- ing held at Simcoe, November 8rd, the majority of those attending being strongly in favor of an Inspection Act, a number claiming that only pure- bred sires should be allowed to stand for service. Others, again, would favor allowing s allions that were good individuals and had proved them- selves good p:oducers to be used, although not eligible for registrat‘on. It was the general opinion that stallions unsound or of inferior type and quality should not be ¢-.owed to stand for service. This meeting also favored an act giving the stallion owner a lien on the mare when bred.

The importation of bronchos into the county was very strongly con- demred, and those present thought that some action should be taken to

prevent any more being brought in, as they were considered a curse to the horse industry.

HLALDIMAND.

Seneca township has a good type of mares, good in quality and aver- aging 1,300 lbs., being, apparently, superior to the sires in service there. The stallions are quite inferior on the whole, the list totalling two pure- bred Clydesdales, a grade Clydesdale and a grade Standard-bred. Fees quoted are $8 to $12.

‘Oneida township, too, has a good useful lot of ma.es of akout the same weight, including a few registered ones. Here, there is a preponderance of ‘grade sir-s, there being only one pure-bred Clydesdale to two Roadster grades and cne Clydesdale grade. One of the grades earns the highest fee, $15; for the others. the fees are $9 and $10.

As regards Walpole township the Inspectors say: ‘“There are a great many stallions in this township, but only a few really good ones. Farm- ers, though they have not very many registered horses, have a very good class of mares with some breeding in them, weighing about 1.300 lbs., which thev appear anxious to breed to good stallions.’? Clvdesdale sires are eleven in number (four being grade-), Hackney three (two being grades), Standsrd-breds three (two grades), Cleveland Bay one, French Coach horse one, and French Draught one. The lowest fee is $5, and maximum F15.

Not a single pure-bred sire was inspected in Rainham township, and their quality is quite low. A number of good stallions from other town- ships, however, are being ised by farmers who are anxious to secure first-

40 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Haldimand—Continued.

class slres for their mares, which are a very good average lot, with prac- tically no registered ones among them. Their average weight is 1,250 lbs. The sires for service in the township comprise grade Clydesdales, Roadsters, and a Coach horse.

The same condition as to sires prevails in Cayuga township, where four grades of Clydesdale, Thoroughbred, Coach, and Standard-bred breed- ing stand for service. They are far below the average, and service fees are $8 and $10. Mares are a useful lot, averaging 1,200 Ibs., and of fair quality.

In Canboro township there are just three sires, a pure-bred Clydes- dale, a Standard-bred and a grade—a general purpose. This is a township in which more and better horses should be raised, and a few good mares and one or two good stallions could do good work in improving the standard. Mares kept are fair in type and quality, weighing 1,200 lbs. on the aver- age. Service fees are $8, $9 and $10. Stallions are rated as fair.

The Inspectors say: ‘‘While there are a few very fair horses in the township of Moulton, there is room for one or two good pure-bred sires, and we think that farmers would readily patronize them. Mares here are a verv fairly god lot of 1,300 lbs. weight on the average.’’ A pure- bred Clydesdale and a grade of that breeding, two Shire grades, a pure- bred Percheron, and two Roadsters (one a grade), form the stud list; fees are from $8 to $15.

Inspectors’ Remarks: “It appeared to us, as far as we were able to learn, that the farmers in Haldimand County were using very good judg- ment in breeding. They seem to have a lot of very good mares, though very few are registered, and they are using the best stallions they have, and are breeding more to type.”’

STALLIONS. | al#| 2 a Breeding. gf] eBS lo] Bg o8 BES [os : 2) es)! 25 woe =| SEE Bs #| 888/51 28 588 Ba& |B 1 5 2 Eo > 5 a 5 Os Bog |2> ‘Z| < 7) < Zz < Ct a $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ o Big Ast TD! | WB | Aas wesiecs Very fairly good 399 | 10 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... * 6) 1,700 | 7 | All....| Fairly good..... 559 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale ..............- 112 1,625 6 VO sae. PaiR cance ait copes 663 8 Percherons and Grade Shires (1) Percheron, 2 Grade Shires) ...... ' 3) 1,700] 6] All Good........... 275 | lo Hackneys, Imported, and Grades’ (1 Hackney, 2 Grades).......... | 3 1,150 | 8 | All Fairly good..... 157; 13

Standard-breds, Imported, and Roadsters, Canadian-bred (2 Im- ported, 2 Roadsters)............ 4 15150: 12 i Sisawss Bait woes esses 978 | 12

Grades, Roadster and Thorough- bred (9 Roadster, 1 Thorough-

Dred) ies eats yachts abt stiri: 10) 1,100] 12) 9...... Rails 25 2a/asdales 372 | 10 French Coach and English Coach,

Imported (1 French, 1 English)..) 2 1,350 | 10 | All....) Fairly good..... 205 | 10 Grades, English Coach ...........- 2) Ay200") GP) AVP. ccc] Fait ceases oe 88 | 9

French Draught and General Pur- pose (1 French Draught, 1 General PUTPOSE)) soe coc tr sohedinuce 9 hase 2) 1,550! 5) All....| Fairly good.... 164 | 9

x

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 41 Haldimand—Continued. Mares. ge BS . s a a= ) Pa ; F = 80S ‘oS EI So Townships. 6 23:5 Type Bas a = pl Be | ge | | & SBee fa| ¢ | § a5 ee eg; 8 2 q < < < SOHC -idices sy vangeass 430 | Good, fairly heavy ................| 1,300 Good..; 8 Canboro’ ............... 263 | A few heavy, mostly fairly light. ...| 1,200) Fair... 8 Oneida ................. 196 | Good, useful type ........5..... 065 1,300} Good..; 7 Moulton................ 608 Fairly heavy eee er eres ree ce 1,300} Good. . 8 Walpole.......... Seesdarass 1,297 | Very good type.............eese eee 1,300) Good:.} 6 Rainham ............... 227 | Fairly good, tending to heavy ...... 1,250 Yew - good. CAYO ike chlided ines 139 | Useful grade draught .............. 1,200) Fair...) 9 Totals dees ey sacaces 3160 Mares Brep To Dirrerent Ciasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably Sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. og |S | oa |S . -SG | Oo gg a i) a ic} ne fins o gS [sas || $2 | Sas) 8 | BE | Bas) 22 a qa Zz! A 4 az a <q 8 3 Registered Stallions 19 1,679 17 1,452 12 2 227 10 Grade Stallions ..... 29 1,481 26 1,318 9 3 163 9 Totals ........ 48 3,160 43 2,710 bisesanys 5 B90) Mersicsriicie 2

There was a very good turn out at the public meeting at Fisherville,

on November 8th,

and some very strong opinions were expressed on cer-

tain questions, the present system of syndicating being strongly criticised. It was claimed to be a dangerous one, and that more men had been robbed ... through it ir Haldimand county than in any other district; that one man would be bribed in order to get another, and that it ought to be put down, unless some plan was devised whereby the members of the syndi- cate would be protected by a guarantee, as, in many cases, counterfeits

were sub-tituted.

\

It was generally held that there was room for great improvement in the horse industry, and that, if breeders would breed with a purpose, we would not have the country full of a class of horses for which there is no

demand.

42 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Haldimand—Concluded.

The question of inspecting stallions was also very freely discussed. The opinion of the meeting was taken, and twelve voted for it, while eight were against, the majority of those present not voting either way.

WELLAND.

Wainfleet is a township that would benefit by the introduction of some good sires in the place of the five grades that now stand for service for fees aha $5 up to $10. The mares are a fair lot, but better than the stallions in quality. . :

As a rule there appears to be very little interest taken in breeding in Pelham township. The mares are only fair and are not over 1.150 lbs. in weight. A Thoroughbred, Clydesdale, Shire, Hackney and Standard-bred, all pure-bred, and a Roadster grade and Percheron grade make up the total of sires, serving for fees ranging from $6 to $15.

Humberstone is a township which also neglects the breeding of horses, those raised being a very poor lot not over 1,000 lbs. in weight. Three grades and two pure-breds represent the sires, the latter being a Shire and 2 Percheron, the former Standard-bred, Percheron, aud Hackney breeding Fourteen dollars is the maximum fee and the minimum eight dollars.

Bertie township has three pure-bred sta'lions, a Belgian, a Standard- bred and a Shire, and one Standard-bred grade for service at fees from $1% to $12. Mares are an inferior lot, poor in type and quality and not exceed- ing 1,100 Ibs. ‘‘A better class of horses is needed here’’ say the Inspectors.

The same remarks as to stallions and mares apply to Willoughby town- ship, where there is the same apathy as to horse breeding as seems to prevail so generally in this district. There were only two stallions inspected here, a Percheron and a general purpose grade, with fees of $12 and S87 respect- ively.

A Jack of good stallions and mares is also visible in Stamford township. where a Suffolk Punch and a Standard-bred are the only representative sires. Eleven and ten dollars are the fees charged.

In Crowland township the conditions warrant the Inspectors to again remark that ‘‘As in the other townships, there is very little interest taken: in horse breeding.’’ Three grades (two Percherons and a Roadster) comprise: the list of sires, all being sound. but not of a high standard of quality. Mares are a very poor lot all round.

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘In Welland very little interest has been taken in horse breeding, as far as we could learn. Some horsemen say that some years ago Americans bought up all the best mares and took them away to: the United States, leaving only a very inferior lot of mares to breed from. which, in most instances, were bred to light racing horses, which have pro- duced a very inferior lot of stock. This section is well adapted for raising heavy and light horses, and it certainly would be of great benefit to the breeders, as well as to the horse industry if a few good stallions and a number of good mares were brought into the district.’’

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 43 Welland—Continued. STALLIONS. ‘ Uae: 4 : 2 by eq oes - Breeding. x | eed . es pee Lyd : 2 ; ci as! x = : 2 }eps| P|) 88 | #2 | SEE] #2 | a) Sei) e | bs | ge | Bae | gS 4 i = RQ = Z <q ' $ Clydesdales, Canadian-bred and | Shires, Imported and Canadian | (1 Clyde, 1 Shire Imported, 2 Shires Canadian-bred) ...... ... 4) 1,710 4; All. Bait sisi: 307; 11 Percherons..... ise ke teat haem cua 2) 1,650 4 | All Bair secs 160 | 13 Grades, Percheron................ 3 | 1,530 7 | All Fairies: 215 9 Suffolk Punch and Belgians (1 Suf- follk Punch, 1 Belgian)..... oe 2 1,725 (at eee Baits sri 148 | 11 Hackneys and Grades (1 of each).. 2) 1,150 5 | All RARE xeiaeals 130 | 12 Standard-breds and Thoroughbreds Imported *(3 Standard-breds, 1 | Thoroughbred)................. 4 1,135 13 | All Fait scans 204 | 12 Grades, Roadster................. 7 1,045 6 | All ait ss 3 44 177, 9 Grades, Coach.................... 2] 1,150 4} All Fair...... so] 7 General Purpose..............0... 1 2{ 1,200 7 | All Fair secs ee TOtalSnccceiidun cre aci gees | 28 1,443 | f MARES a?) al OO yd Es ae ae ces = le @ | g Townships. = oe Type. | 2] | & ge oe | & | & | & LE aE ; S| & S IZ Bae ; & | & isl | 52.88 ae oa a > | 7 | Wainfleet : sos 2004 2 edhe ses 157 | General purpose .................. | 1,150' Fair...| 10 Pelham................. 417 | A few heavy, mostly light. ....... | 1,150: Justfair) 9 Humberstone ........... 230 | Poor, light kind................... | 1,000 Poor...: 10 Berties..<osuesn sams 262 | Poor, light kind............. 0.2... 1,100: Inferior} 10 Willoughby: s2s%s\saicass 92 | Poor, light kind.................. 1,100, Poor...; 9 Stamford + ss.0¢. acaaccace 95. | Poor; light kind scc5.sccsunaaginackoad 1,050, Poor..., 9 Crowlandsinosiiescite se ececies 190 | Poor, light kind......... 0.2.02... 1,100] Poor...; 10 Total... 00.0... 1,443 |

44 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

W elland—Concluded.

Mares Brep To DirrERENT CLAssES oF STALLIONS.

Total. _ Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. 5 a] oo A “a oo ‘sa oe 2 se |se2| ss lss2|e | 88 1385) & 25/889 | 46 / 883! s&s, Se | S831 fy as gk aS gage oo as aak oo 3 @ =| =P) 3m 3 =P) pw oa 5A Bey a a a a <q zz a <4 . $ $ Registered Stallions.. 13 909 12 859 12 1 50 11 Grade Stallions...... 15 534 15 534 Qo Alsce wivedeel| pees hor Leena avin Totals ........ 28 1,443 27 ' 1,893 |) ocuisieieces 1 DO etcedeeane: =

The Welland meeting on the evening of November 14th was not very well attended, and not much information was gleaned. The general opinion of those present appeared to be opposed to the present system of syndicating stallions. One speaker was in favor of inspection, and a few in favor of a Licensing Act. All present agreed that the horses in Monck and Welland were of a very poor type and quality, and that it would be in the best interests of the horse industry if some steps were taken by the Government to prevent some of the poorer sorts of stallions being used for breeding purposes.

Linco.

One pure-bred Hackney and three unregistered sires are all the stal- lions of Grantham township. Twenty-five dollars is the highest and ten dollars the lowest fee. Mares are of fair average quality, but not good in type, and weigh 1,150 lbs. The Inspectors urge the introduction of one or two good sires into this township and also some good mares.

The quality of the horses in Niagara township has improved consid- ably during the past few years, but is still far from satisfactory. There are a very few imported mares here, but the general average can only be stated as fair, and weight 1,150 lbs. There are nine stallions kept for ser- vice, including 4 Clydesdales, pure-bred, a registered Standard-bred three grades of that breeding and a Carriage grade. Stud fees are fairly good— $10 to $15. The quality of the sires averages fair.

Two grade Standard-breds and a Thoroughbred make up the sires in Louth township. This is a fruit section, and in consequence medium-sized horses are required for working in: the orchards and under trees, hence, the

mares are under-sized and poor, there being very few good mares found here.

Orly one grade Carriage horse was inspected in Clinton township, and its fee is $12. Mares in this township also are a poor lot.

The same remarks apply to the mares in Grimshy township for the service of which there are a German Coach, a Standard-bred and a French

Coach horse, a grade. All are sound and fair in conformation. Service fees are $12 to $15.

; Mares are poor in type and quality in Gainshoro township, and there is room for improvement both as regards them and the stallions. At pre-

1906 . ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 45

Lincoln—Continued.

sent there are four of the latter, a Percheron, a Standard-bred, a Road- ster grade and a Carriage horse. The lowest fee is $5 and highest $15.

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘In going over Lincoln county we did not see very many heavy horses, and, as this is a great fruit district, a number of medium sized horses are used by those engaged in the business, for working among the fruit trees. We think, that, perhaps, as many horses are be- ing bred as can be raised with profit in a section like this.’

STALLIONS. | ele , , | & Breeding. 5 ges oe: 3 Z Bs 8 5 Z| oe & |) gh5) 2 | 88 fad | 285 | PF g o zc oO E ° @ 9.2 Bud nes) i=} > > @Q > Oo 5°00 > @ a < oa) <q az < $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 2/ 1,800 63| All....| Fair...... 72 12 Cideaisles Canadian-bred and rades (2 Canadian-bred, 1 Grade) 3 | 1,710 4/All.. | F’rly good 245 12 Standard-breds and Thoroughbreds (1 Standard-bred Imported, 2 Canadian-bred, 1 Thoroughbred ) 4/1 1,150 10 | 3...... F’rly good 205 12 Grades, Roadster ................. 7] 1,075 8 | All....| Fair...... 207 9 German Coach and Grades of French and English Coach (1 German Coach, 1 French Coach and 3 English Coach)................. 5 | 1,325 10 | All....| Fair...... 289 11, Percheron and Carriage Grades (1 Percheron, 1 Grade)............. 2/| 1,525 5 | All....] Good..... 217 12 Hackneys, Canadian-bred ......... 1] 1,200 5 | All....| Fair...... 16 25 Totals: ccatateanesheaweacee 24 1,251 Mares. ge “ i ao a ‘< Ags 6 P42 is Townships. O38 oa Type. Fg = a i 8 3 a os 2 D Ege #2) 2 |e 50.88 2a, © 2 Zz < < < Grantham .............. 146 | Rather light ...................... 1,150) Fair ..... 10 Niagara: 2:22 iscassesscs 410 | Rather light .......... Picimeiiaeeee es 1,150} Fair ..... 9 Louth. vid ceatceasteaa-raes 42: | Unidersized asus 9s os < easynannans soe 1,100] Poor .... 9 Gainsboro .............. 354 | Smalland poor.................... 1,100| Rather p’r} 8 CHBCON’s 244 ots ca ehonsa 58 | Poor and light ...........--....46. 1,150) Poor ..../ 9 Grimsby ..........-..-- 241 | Poor and light ..................0. 1,150) Poor ....| 9 * Total: «cseccieuexen es 1,251

46 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Lincoln—Concluded.

Mares Brep to DirrERENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS.

Serviceably sound. | Not serviceably sound.

t Total. I aes lies ees ete peer i | een Stallions. 2 |S 2h S88 |e gi r Se 18 3 ss [aes s2 |ese| & | #2 222 & Po oe ee t po xa| Qae | eS Ie oo (2s oo. Se | eee: oS | eee 62 ) BS $2255 38 sa SRQ : 5a BA5 aod se Cia a Z ZA | 2 az = | 4 4A i = i , ; | Registered Stallions. . 11 756 10 | 716° $15 , 1 | 40 | $ 12 Grade Stallions ..... 13 495 18 495: 11 pees hte: Hise ei ; | = | Totals.... .....] 24 | 1,251 | BB AGL, aoseeted ] BO. naam eaas

There were a fair number present at the meeting, held at St. Cathar- ines, November 17th. The majority of the speakers seemed to think that something ought to be done‘to try to improve the present condition of the horse industry, and a motion was carried in favor of an act being passed by the Government, giving the stallion owner a lien on the mare, and also on the colt until the service fee was paid. They also passed a motion in favor of an Inspection Act, and the majority appeared to be in favor of not allowing any stallion to stand for public service that was not registered in the recognized stud book of the breed to which it belonged, one speaker stating that all horses should be put out of business which would not reg- ister, pass a proper inspection and have a license. Another speaker thought that that would be a difficult measure to put into effect in a country like this, where most men like to be their own judges. Some thought that mares should be inspected as well as stallions. 5

SPECIAL Report oF INSPECTORS.

In submitting our report, we keg leave to say that we tried to keep our own counsel on all occasions, and to gather what information we could from the owners of stallions, and others who were interested in the horse busi- ness, without influencing them in any way by expressing our own opinions. In most sections, quite a large interest was taken in the investigatiua by most of the stallion owners, the large majority expressing themselves very freely as being in favor of the inspection and licensing of all stal- lions allowed to stand for service.

We were rather surprised on some occasions to find men who were in favor of this system, whose stallions would be among the first to fall, giv- ing us the impression that they had not given the subject that serious con- sideration, that in our opinion it requires.

At most of the public meetings held we found those present quite ready to express their views; but with very few exceptions the opinions offered did not appear to your Inspectors to have received that due consid- eration and forethought that an important matter of this kind demands. In some sections we found those who were very much opposeZ tu inspec- tion and al-o licensing, claiming that while the class of sires that is being

906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 47

teport Inspectors’ District 2.—Concluded.

ised is uot what it should be, it would be much better for the Department f Agriculture to conduct an educational campaign by the distribution of iterature on horse breeding throughout the Province, through the short ourse in judging at tue Ontario Agricultural College, the Agricultural Socicties and Spring Stallion Shows; and at Farmers’ Institute meetings o have up-to-date and successful horse breeders as lecturers.

We found in some sections several stallions owned by syndicates, and yn inquiring as to the success of said system learned in most cases that it had not proved to be very satisfactory; in many cases it was claimed that she stallions had been put in at very much more than their actual value; und in some cases it was claimed that the horses were not breeders, and should not have been sold for that purpose. While the system on the vhole appears to have given very poor satisfaction, and should not be en- couraged, we think it could be adopted with advantage in some sections, if three or four good farmers would join together, have a meeting, and decide just what kind of a stallion they should have in that section; then select two good judges to purchase said stallion at a right price; get *he proper guarantze and then several first-class stallions might be used where there are nove at present.

We found far too many inferior sires being used throughout the dis- trict. Unfortunately many farmers look at first cost only and use these sires. We also found a large number of inferior and unsound mares which in our opinion should never be used for breeding purposes. And in con- sequence it is important that more educational work be taken up along this line, in order to impress breeders with the idea of using a better class of females as well as sires.

In many sections we found a large number of breeders had no fixed type, some with very good heavy mares with two or three Clydesdale or Shire crosses in them, using a Percheron or some breed of light stallion, which can only have one result, and that is to injure the horse breeding in- dustry of the Province.

We trust that the information received from this investigation may ke of value to the Department in the effort to further the horse breeding in- dustry, one of the most important branches of live stock development in the Province at the present time, and while at nearly every public meet- ing the majority appeared to be in favor of inspection and licensing, as already stated, we are of the opinion that the time is not yet ripe for such legislation.

We feel that the Department might by some well directed means en- deavor to educate the people, so that in the near future they may be able to see the advisability of an Inspection Act at least, and probably a license act also, and trust that the labors of the Department may accomplish the desired end.

(Signed) Joun Garpuovss, Wm. Carn.

DISTRICT NO. 3.

Counttes.—Huron, Bruce and Grey. Inspectors.—H. G. Reed, V.S., Georgetown, and Jno. Bright, Myrtle.

Huron.

The township of Stephen in Huron county is a great centre for the heavy horse industry. In the list of sires are three imported Clydesdales, and two grades of that breeding, four imported Shires, a Percheron, an imported Hackney, two Standard-breds, and a Theroughbred. With on: exception there is no unsoundness, but some are up in years. The aver- age conformation is fair, and the percentage of foals is pretty good. Fees run as low as $8 in two cases for unregistered stock, but the general run is from $10 to $15. The draught mares in this township are of a fairly good quality, although only a small percentage of them are registered, but the average mare would be likely to produce good draught horses when mated with good draught sires. The number of mares in the township is 1,360, about three-fourths being draught, and the balance general purpose and light.

The township of Hay is one in which the Inspectors found more Shires than Clydesdales, the proportion of the former to the latter being as six to four sires. The other sires are two Percheron and four Standred-bred. All are imported, and only one case of unsoundness was found. The gen- eral average, too, is good, and service fees vary from $10 to $20. As re- gards mares they number 1,585, about three-fourths being heavy draught the rest general purpose and light. Their average weights are draught, 1,400 lbs.; general purpose, 1,200 Ibs.; and ght, 1,000 lbs., about 5 per cent. of the draughts are registered, and the balance are good draught brood mares. Only a small percentage of the light mares are really good, their average type being poor.

Tuckersmith township runs to Clydesdales, there having been no Shires brought in lately. Two pure-bred Clydesdales and one grade, and one Standard-bred and two grades constitute the sires for service, and two of these are reported as unsound. The average quality and conformation is only fa'r. Service fees are $10 to $20, the latter for a Standard-bred. There are about 200 heavy draught mares in the towrship averaging 1,500 Ibs.; 195 agricultural, about 1,300 lbs., and 265 of light type, all of fair quality.

Clydesdales also predominate in McKillop township, where there are six imported Clydesdale stallions, one Shire imported, and two Standard- breds. Here, again, there is one case of unsoundness, but the average con- formation is fairly good. Service fees have the usual range of $10 to $15. Out of the 640 mares 200 are heavy, 300 of the agricultural class and 140 light, the average weights being 1,500, 1,300 and 1,000 respectively.

There seems to be a larger percentage of light mares in Grey township than *n those previously considered, and here the sires stand three Clydes- dales, a Shire, all registered, avd three Standard-breds, which include a grade. The average conformation is fair, and two are rated as unsound. Fight to fifteen dollars is the range of fees. Heavy mares number 150,

[48]

1906 REPORT ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 49

Huron—Continued.

averaging 1,500 lbs.; agricultural are most numerous with 300, and light total 260.

tn Turnbury and Morris townships the Inspectors found a large percentage of good heavy draught stallions, consisting of six imported Clydesdales and a grade, two imported Shires, and two Percherons, while the lighter breeds were represented by a Hackney and four Standard-breds, one being a grade. There is some unsoundness among both heavy and light sires, and while there are some excellent horses, including a sweep- stakes winner at Toronto in 1906, the average rating is only fairly good. No service fees fall below $10, and the highest is $25 for a Standard-bred. Mares of agricultural type are most numerous, 400 in all; then come heavy mares, 395, and light, 270. The average weight are the same as given above.

Six imported Clydesdales, an imported Shire, and four Standard-breds, one a grade, make up the total of the stallions in the east part of Hullett

~ township, and it is satisfactory to know that all are sound. Average con- formation is fair, and the percentage of foals is satisf ctory. Three of the sires are new arrivals, but for the others the fees are $10 to $15. In Hul- lett, as in the last two townships under review, the agricultural type leads among the mares, with the draught and light maies next respectively. In the west part of Hullett township heavy sires are most numerous, there being five pure-bred Clydesdales. a Shire. and three Standard-breds. Tn this section draught mares total 210; agricultural, 300, and those of light type, 205.

Contrary to the other townships passed in review, the township of Goderich leans more to the lighter breeds, as is seen by the fact that the light mares outnumb.r the draught and agricultural type, taken individ- ually, and also by there being six Standard-bred sires and a Hackney to one Clydesdale and a Percheron. One sire is reported unsound and aver- age quality and conformation is only fair. One grade out of the three standing for service has as low a fee as $7. The highest fee is $25.

In Colborne and Ashfield towuzships the Inspectors state that they found a good average lot of mares numbering, draught, 505; agricultural, 700, and light, 75, and averaging in weight as high as in the other town- ships; but there was a smaller percentage of really good draught stallions here than in the other parts of Huron county. There are three Clydesdales imported, one Canadian-bred, 3 grades of that breeding, four imported Shires and a grade, two Percherons, a Suffolk Punch, and a Standard-bred. There is a percentage of unsoundness, and conformation averages scarcely fair. The maximum service fee is $13 and minimum §8.

Inspectors’ Remarks: ‘In Huron county we find the Clydesdale the popular draught horse, there being also a fair percentage of Shires and a few Percherons, one Belgian and a Suffolk Punch. The draught type of mares greatly predominates. Only a small percentage are registered, but the balance are a good average lot; there are very few really good light mares in this county.

“Our investigations have led us to conclude that very few really good mares are bred to any but Clydesdale or Shire sires.

“With regard to a Stallion Inspection Act, we find that the views of horsemen generally are that it does not go far enough. They are very much

4 HB.

Auron—Continued.

opposed to allowing grade or unsound stallions to be used at all.

REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

No. 68

A very

strong feeling prevails against the cheap, mongrel, cross-bred and grade stallions, because they interfere so much with the business of the high- ; We find lreeders in general very much very many poor animals are sold by this

class and higher priced horses. oppo ed to syndicating stallions; means.”

SVALLIONS, Sa, Seem ee i -abietee, et =a —" gray Sa Se Se © ' ep a x ; : pened % ee ae Petes Breeding. D) Soe oe ae 5 BEL Bl ees | oS 25 z Bag S Cee OS, Be oe ate a|#eai 2 Bos: 23 Era Zz) 4 ae z = 4 j 3 Clydesidales, Imported ............ 35 1,900 eg. Ons Fairly good.) 3,011) 13 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 5 1,730 Gr Baass Paine. caee ; 424 10 Grades, Clydesdale... .... 00.00.20... 7 1,600 5 | 6...... Pairs 5 ¢ senna’. 431; 11 Shires, Imported and (irades, (21 ; Imported Shires, 1 Grade).......: 22) 1,665 Bre MNS dees Paiiaen aces 2340 11 Percherons vse. 565 3 e0a0e¢4eu. Gaon 9; 1,880 OF 8. Fairly good. S40 1 Hackneyvs, Suffolk Punch and ' Grades (2 Hackneys; 1 Suffolk : i Punch, 1 Grade Hackney) ..... 4 1,390 | 3. All. Pav is osu 234 | 13 Standard-breds, Imported ......... DAG) ATO) 2s, Docs Paitisccceas 1,504 13 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 5 1,140 . 9 | All. Fair. . 2 280 10 Grades, Roadster..........0.0.000- 71 1,085 Bia Geechee Fairly good.! 363 10 Thoroughbreds, Canadian-bred....| 1 1,200 US i |ia a scree Patties ceivs 54 30 | 8 SE itall Sse ete oe aera Ldn te el the ee Lee hcl cea cody a MARES | nm — - i enol zt a | *Type. | = si Sq | 2 a) = agoal 2 le = 4g Townships. Se = = eee = Bt Po ee! ae = - fe & 5 ELGS FE z gop.) ofl ee ze Ez ef26' f5 oh mm | om z = A = sts = | « = | ‘ in | GtePhei esc curd eyaleteinns 1,359 935 BUN eaes | 305 | 1,200, Fair...) 8 TAS Ac detcestiaa satceseitosd 508 | 4400) Wi... cece | 225 | 1200 Fairs os Tuckersmith............ 663 | 200 15! 265 | 1,240 Fair...) 8 McKillop...ssi ee sakes 639 | 200 essed see x | 300 | 140 | 1,250 Fair 8 Grevic eon acento 4 re Re TAOS) oss / 800-260 | 1,250, Fair 8 Turnberry and Morris...) 1,089 | BOD. lb wslocivteche 400 | 270 | 1,250 Fair S EEN Me ook aamet aaniye TBB2 | B20) Geiss 600 | 355 | 1,280 Fair ‘ GOST i. act RNa es 745 TOS. Pe asvctereinsic 200 | 39D | 1,250 Fair s Colborne and Ashfield...! 1,282 505 |o.. 700 | 75 | 1,250 Fair 5 otal ace saweewewnd 9,458 | | * The figures under this heading are only for the purpose of showing approximately the

proportion of each class of mares in each number of mares bred. ta HB

township.

The first column of the table gives the

1906

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. dl

Huron—Conaladad.

Mares Brep ro Dirrerent Cuasses oF SraLLions.

| ti {

Total Serviceably sound. | Not ee sound. Stallions. Sa [8 gt s¢ 13 g i 34 | ae HS | hn? RS Kae o GS Pa aed % aa (eGo | 22 (2e0 | 2.) 22 lees) 2. ae a 88 as Bae BO | SS | ESE EY } 5% ! 5 AS se | 388| 22 1 sa | sf= PS el Zz |% A ae eee | | $ : 8 Registered Stallions... 98 | 8,604 86 7,492 12 4 12 1,112 11 Grade Stallions. ..... : 16 854 14 619 9 i 2 235 ll ; 1 TOtals: oecaees ; 14 9,458 100 ss WO ene apres | 4 TIBI Gace. ath |

The public meeting for the county of Huron was held at Clinton on

October 18th.

Owing to the inclemency of the weather the meeting was not so largely attended as would otherwise have been the case. each riding in the county was represented.

However, After about two hours’ dis-

cussion on the horse question, the meeting came to the unanimous decision that some steps should be taken to pievent a grade or unsound stallion

standing for service.

Those present also resolved that ‘‘In the opinion

of ihis meeting a License Act would be preferable to an Inspection Act.’

BRUCE.

The townships of Kinloss and Culross in Bruce County have a number of heavy sires, there being no less than 11 imported Clydesdales, 2 Canadiau- bred ones, a Belgian and a French Draught, while the only representatives

of the light breeds are 2 Standard-breds.

standing for service.

There is not a single grade horse

With three exceptions they are all sound and’ one of

these is not now used in the stud. The Inspectors state that the Clydesdales

were the best average lot they saw in their investigations.

The minimum fee

is $11 and maximum $16. The mares are mostly agricultural in type number-

ing 1,000 of this class, 730 of the draught class and 153 light.

fair average quality.

They are of

In the township of Carrick the inspectors found only two draught horses, a Clydesdale and a Belgian, the rest being Standard-breds, one of them a grade, and two of the sires are unsound. Eight to sixteen dollars is

tbe range of service fees.

As a matter of fact over 20 stallions, from Huron

County principally, covered a part of this township, and a number of the mares credited to that county should really be included in Carrick’s and

Brant’s list.

The number of mares as given to Carrick and Brant townships is draught 166, agricultural 200, and light 187.

The mares of draught

type are as numerous in these townships as in any of the other townships of

Bruce.

Brant township has two imported Clydedales and a grade, all sound and

standing for fees as follows:

grade $8, pure-breds $15.

While Eastnor and Lindsay townships have a fair percentage of heavy sires, three Clydesdales, a Shire and a Percheron, two of these of Clydesdale

52 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Bruce—Continued.

and Shire breeding are grades, and there is also a French Canadian grade and a Stardard-bred grade. All are sound except one, but the average quality and conformation is only fair, and services are given for as low a price as $5 with a general run of $9 to $15. Mares are not numerous, and are chiefly of the agricultural type and in quality poor.

No draught stallions were seen in Amabel township, sires being Stand- ard-breds and grades, one-half being unsound. Fees range from $8 to $10. The rating is not high. There are some draught mares in Amabel township and heavy stallions come in from Grey county, and consequently will be credited to townsh‘ps in Grey where these stallions came from, the Inspec- tors being largely dependent for their information on the stallion owners themselves.

In Saugeen and Arran townships the Clydesdale is the predominant breed, there being five imported Clydesdales, five Canadian-bred, one grade, an imported Hackney, and two registered Standard-breds. There are four cases of unsoundness, all among the heavy ones and the average merit of these is only fair. Eight to seventeen dollars is the range of the fees. As in several of the other townships the agricultural type of mare is in the wajority, but there are a good many draught and some light mares.

One Clydesdale, a Hackney, a Standard-bred and two grades of that breeding constitute the list of sires in Bruce township. Here, again, was found unsoundness in the proportion of two-fifths. Conformation is good in three-fifths and very bad in the remainder. Service fees are quoted as §7, $10 and 815. Mares average about 1,250 in weight.

Kineardine township contains no less than nineteen stallions, the majority being of the heavy type. Among them are five pure-bred Clydes- dales, four grades of that breeding, five Percherons and five Standard- breds, of which three are grades. The grades, as usual are the cause of service fees heing put as low as $5 and $8, but the owners of pure-bred sires get from $10 to $14. The average quality and conformation is only fair. Agricultural mares again lead in number with 600, draught come next with 433, followed closely by light mares 410. The average weight is 1,250.

The four stallions inspected in Huron township were two Clvdesdales, an imported and a Canadian-bred one, respectively, an imported Shire and a Percheron. One-half are reported as sound. Service fees charged are $8, $10 and $12. Out of the 430 mares in this township, 300 belong to the agri- cultural and 130 to the draught type.

In Greenock township there are five pure-bred Clydesdale stallions, 3 imported and 2 Canadian-bred, an imported Shire, a Standard-bred, and 2 grades of French Canadian and German Coach blood respectively. The lowest service fee is $9 and the highest $15. No less than three out of the nine are not sound, and their standard of excellence is but fair. Mares average about the same weight as in the adjoining townships, viz.—1,250 Ibs., and in point of numbers they stand agricultural 500; draught 255, and light 160. Their average quality is fair.

Inspectors’? Remarks: “We find in Bruce county (and especially im the Centre Riding) a larger percentage of Percheron stallions than any other district that we have visited on this commission. These horses are in a

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 53

Bruce—Continued.

number of cases ‘‘syndicated”’ at high prices, above what we consider their value as regards merit.”’

STALLIONS. | o 1 & SS |% 2 Breeding xs | etd | o ‘Sd os wad | of A | eRe | ¢ | 22) PE | S52] PE 6) eee | & | 2S oS Fe? | o§ 4 |x <q Hn < Zi = : $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 27 1,850 9: De acess RADE eeccssncceis 3,018 | 13 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred........ 14 1,775 7a | eee Fair....... 1,066 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale ....... Sere 7 1,575 Bo Oona: Only fair.. 284 8 Shires, Imported and Grades (2 Shires ; 1 Grade Shire).. ....... 3) 1,975 0m ee eer Only fair 320 | 10 Per CHOTONS ioc ia scones chai Oe ES 7 1,840 Gi) Geseae Hair sageseats 595 | 11 Ol PLANS tivstes:sccvecsanataernGi ann tiareeu ele 2{ 1,850 tl cies ROOK wince 192 | 12 Hackneys, Imported and Canadian- bred (1 Imported; 1 Canadian- bred jimi seenlascia tian eteana 2 1,250 6 |All..... GOOG. wecicans 170 | 13 Standard-breds, Imported ......... 9 1,165 sla a a ieee Only fair 568 | 10 Roadsters, Canadian-bred.......... 2 950 3 /All..... BID oiseiete s - 35] 10 Grades, Roadster................. M1 1,100 | Slot te< Pairs waceces 742 9 French Draught and Grades of Ger- man Coach and French-Canadian (1 French Draught; 1 Grade German Coach; 2 French-Can- adian Grades) sx. isie ste csce ae hes 4) 1,525 6 Alea ot AUB ic5e,ce.20 385 | 11 Ota 322445 eenaeen Rede a 2 Pes 88 7,370 Mares i i ; : I Be *Type. eo iat 28 5 -)— m | = Bats F gi/@.| 2 8 Townships. S388 al ; 5 & ea = op Bags! & a @2|/95) & | & 23 ae en 5 a3 55 Ey 5 S $ Skog g a em | 58 3 5 Saas x yy) a0 o a > ia a i=) < 4 oO < < <x Kinloss and Culross..... 1,839 730 1,000 183° |uee seas 1,275 |Fair.... 8 Carrick and Brant....... 563 166 200 TSP Veticnanes 1,250 |Fair.... 8 Eastnor and Lindsay ... . 348 85 200 GO. | cindiarecs 1,210 |Poor....| 9 Ama bel. é sgeea eotiesiaceys es B85 cet shore era sactssenche 100 85 | 1,125 |Poor....) 9 Saugeen and Arran...... 1,226 356 600 DOD © [esiressistarnid 1,250 Fair. Biel 20 Bruce i. oie seaenag sees 395 50 70 DAR: Wesccareces 1,125 |Fair....] 9 Kincardine ............. 1,471 433 600 410 |icngaweace’s 1,250 |Fair.... 9 TAM OM aici payee s ec antaceteonie 430 130 S00" || coctoe sca Sea hiacchtinns: a's 1,400 Fair....| 9 Greenock. .........+-+.- 913 255 500 160: |ccacsee 1,250 |Fair... 9 MO tals ue anu tesdaiter 7,370

*The figures under this heading are only for the purpose of showing approximately the pro- portion of each class of mares in each township. The first column of the table gives the number of mares bred.

54 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Bruce—Concluded.

Mares Brep ro DirreRENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS.

Total. | Serviceably Sound. | Not Serviceably Sound. —| ———— 8 --- : : | i i = | oo | Ss { (a> : 1 a a 3 @ Ge tek ge ne eT Stallions. ¢ |‘ Be || a 2 ise 62 | # as ‘82s ') #8 | 84s 5 ee 2 c Bw Sa ae BAS S ee oe Ss ars i | ees 2 a Zz z | aie 4 2 | : sl s Registered stallions. . 66 5,971 50 «4,563 13 16 1,408 10 Grade stallions...... 22 1,399 | 18 | 1,162 10 4 237 8 Poles veces 88 | 78700 88 5,720 tee ave a A

The public meeting for the county of Bruce was held at Paisley on Friday, November 2nd. One hundred horsemen were present, representing all parts of the county, some having driven over 30 miles to be present.

After a lengthy discussion of the horse breeding industry in general it Was unanimously resolved: ‘‘That this meeting strongly approves of some drastic legislation in favor of horse breeding, and is in favor of the compul- sory inspection and licensing of all stallions standing for service; require- ments for license to be freedom from hereditary unsoundness, and registra- tion In a recognized record of the Dominion of Canada and a reasonably good formation.’’

Coupled with the above, the meeting also voted in favor of a Lien Act,

giving the stallion owner a lien on the mare and foal until the insurance was paid.

Grey.

Sires of the heavy breeds have a monopoly in Bentinck and Normanby townships in the county of Grey. In Bentinck there are just two stallions an imported Clydesdale and a Percheron, both sound, and of fair merit. Fees are $13 and $12, respectively. Normanby has three more than Bent- inck to its credit, viz., four Clydesdales (of which one is a grade), and a Percheron. There is one case of unsoundness, and the standard is fair. For the grade $9 is the fee charged, but two pure-breds have even lower fees $7 and $8, while the others stand at $12 and $13. Mares are mostly of the agricultural type, with some 185 of ight, and 100 of heavy draught class.

Only three stallions are located in Glenelg township, an imported Clydesdale, a Percheron and a grade Roadster. Two out of the three are sound and conformation is fair. Eight, ten and eleven dollars are the fees charged. Of the 204 mares, 180 are agricultural in type, 50 draught and 24 light, with an average, weight of 1,250 lbs. and of fair quality.

In Egremont, as in the other townships of the south riding of Grey, the Inspectors found a smaller percentage of draught mares than in the other districts through which they travelled. In this township the agricultural tyre is strong with 700 in number, the draught type comes next with 420, followed by the hight with 320. The average weight of the whole is 1,250. and they are fair in quality. The percentage, on the other hand, of heavy draught stallions is very large as compared with the light breeds, being

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO.

or De

Grey—Continued.

fourteen to four, viz.,—eleven pure-bred Clydesdales, one grade Clydesdale, a grade Shire and a Percheron. Light breeds are represented by one import- ed Hackney and three grade Standard-breds. Three are unsound, and no high ratings as to conformation are given. Fees charged are all the way from $8 to $13.

With the exception of one Standard-bred, Clydesdales have a monopoly ot Sullivan township. Two out of the seven stallions found here are grades and six are sound. The average conformation is fairly good. Thirteen dollars is the maximum fee charged and $7 the minimum. Out of the 430 mares here only 10 are described as of light type, 80 of the draught type, and 340 agricultural.

The proportions of the mares in Derby township are very similar +o those in Sullivan, viz.,—draught 50, agricultural 200 and light 25. Three pure-bred Clydesdale stallions, all sound and of fair conformation operate in this township, one of them putting in the first season. No fee is less than $10 and $15 is the highest charged.

There are a few more light mares in Keppel township, so we find two Standard-bred stallions (one a grade), to one Clydesdale. All are rated sound and of fair conformation, and earn fees of from $10 to $12. Draugh+ mares are not numerous, only 4() being located, while light kinds number 60 and agricultural 160.

The number and average weight of mares in Sydenham township runs as follows: 100 draught, 1,500 lbs.; 600 agricultural, 1,300 lbs.; and 270 light mares, 1,000 Ibs. The Inspectors explain the large percentage of light mares in chis tcwnship by the fact that in Owen Sound there are a large number of light stallions. As a matter of fact there are twelve light sirey made up as follows: five registered Standard-breds and two grades of that breeding; two pure-bred Thoroughbreds, a pure-bred Hackney. and a grade, and a grade French Canadian. The heavy breeds are represented by three imported Clydesdales. Conformation is fair in all cases, but there! is unsoundness in four of these animals. A Standard-bred grade is at the bottom of the list as regards fees, viz., $6, while a Thoroughbred heads it with $15.

In St. Vincent township, on the other hand, the heavy sires are the rule. almost to the exclusion of light stallions, there being only a solitary Stand- ard-bred to five Clydesdales (one a grade), and three Percherons of which one is also a grade. Out of nine sires two are reported as not sound. For the two grades the service fees are $8 each, for the pure-breds from $10 to $15. Draught mares are given as 100, agricultural as 420 and light as 100. in this township. In average weight, quality, and age they are on a par with those in adjoining townships.

Heavy sires are also in the majority in Holland township where breed- ing interests are looked after by three Clydesdales, a Belgian, a Thorough- -bred grade and a grade of Standard-bred stock. Nearly one-half are rated as wanting in soundness, and the average conformation is only fair. Ser- vice fees are about the same as elsewhere in this county, $8 for grade and $10 to $15, for the others. The agricultural type of mares predominates to the number of 350, light mares being next in number with 150 and draught with 120.

The proportion of light to heavy sires in Euphracia townshin is as four te five consisting of two imported and one grade Hackney, a Standard-bred and three imported and one grade Clydesdale. No cases of unsoundness were reported here, but conformation is only fair. Service fees are the same as

56 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Grey—Continued.

given for the previous township. Agricultural mares 500 in number; heht 200, and draught 130, make up the tota] mares reported. ;

In Collingwood township light sires are not much in evidence, as 18 shown by the fact that there is only one grade Standard-bred to represent their interests, while there are five pure-bred Clydesdales. There are 200 agricultural and 100 draught mares kept in the township. The st»llions have fair average conformation and all are sound, and they stand for 39 in one case and $10 in the rest.

Proton township is again « great district for the heavy breeds. of which there are the following representatives: ten Clydesdales, and a Shire, while other needs are Thoroughbreds two, Standard-breds one and Peeach Cana- dian one. Al} are pure-bred and all sound except one, and conformation is fair on the average. Stud fees are from $8 to $10. The mares found here are of about the usual fair quality and weight, the agricultural type lead- ing in number with 500, draught come next with 250 and ght last with 200.

Artemesia township contains a representation of several breeds varying from Clydesdale, Shire, Belgian, Hackney, French Coach, and Standard- bred, toa Shetland pony sire. While there are some good sires here there is still room for improvement, both as to conformation and soundness, no less thaa two-sevenths being reported as not qualifying for soundness. We tinda pure-bred Clydesdale standing for S6, a grade for $8 and the balance for fees varying from $10 to $25, the latter for a Hackney. As regards purity of blood, the standing is eleven registered and three grades. Mares number 1,182, being composed of 600 of agricultural type, 382 of draught, and 200 of light mares.

STALLIONS. | ¢ “ ; | z uv f =. | | er oe = soe 1, og ae | 2 Pie 2 a ee. 4S & reeding. io ae a ee on [one e 2 |e ( @| 2% Be | Be. Be Pe | Sate | ee es ° S28 4 3% Zz | < A € = ie = : | s Clydesdales, Jinported............ 33 | 1,850 hOB és | REIT 2 soya g 8,532 11 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 23, 1,630 61 20o pO aE icons 1,341 9 Grades, Clydesdale.......... Bsa 7 1,470 4 | All. Fair caeeas | 445 8 Shires, Imported................. 3 | 1,975 pd Ue Nese es Fair...... | 810 9 PETCHETONSsccicecac gine eceodds vaoearon 5 1,820 5 All....; Only fair..; = 405 11 Percherons, Canadian-bred........ 1 | 1,600 5 | All....|Good..... 85 12 Grades, Percheron and Shire (1 Percheron, 2 Shires)............ 3 1,550 ps aan ener eee Poor...... 187 8 Hackneys, Imported.............. 5 | 1,810 9 | All...) Fair...... 500 ; 12 Grades, Hackney ................ 2 | 1,250 6 | All....! Fair ...... 110 ce) Standard-breds, Imported......... 7 1,080 TBS || iO cecatees Pair evans 570 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ......... 3} 1,100 ale ea eer Fairly good} 130 li Grades, Roadster................. 11 1,130 8 | 10. ALE 25 caus 510 a) Thoroughbreds, Canadian-bred....; 4 | 1,050 || Senge dk Orbos seis 45 12 Grades, Thoroughbred............ 1 | 1,300 7 | All Good ..... 100 12 Frenen Coach, French Canadian, and (trades, (1 French Coach, 1 French Canadian, 1 Grade)..... 3 1,330 6 JAN. 652] gala 2 ce ees 350 9 Belgians and Grades (2 Pure-breds W GYACE hes tsk. Bey ered oe SEE 3 1,875 GE || loses gent Only fair. . 225 10 Shetland Pony. wscwaed xe saey ees 1 | 350 4) All...., Fair... 12 10 DOtalexswesees cea ees wee tes | 115 | 8,857

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 57

Grey—Continued.

Mares. ny

re: type 2 | 2a5 . wis - = = 7 Townships. oe = 3 E E oj 5 2 a= 8 5 2 te x | 2 ene ore mo = ; 25 2 2 (Soae > S 2 5 HO & x (B28£) ge | & | B&B | Be | B | 8 A x < 4 < < <4 Bentinck and Normanby 535 100 300 135° | 1,250 | Fair...) 9 Glenelg.............. ee 204 50 130 24 1,250 | Fair...] + 9 Egremont vis peu gsces ee: 1,498 420 700 820 | 1,250 | Fair 9 Sullivanicc eieicicaavercsa 440 80 340 10 1,250 | Fair... 9 Derbtececreanauien eeneey 278 50 | 200 25 | 1,250 | Fair...| 9 Keppels ocaniaeaieeaiess 264 40 160 60 1,250 | Fair...}| 9 Sydenhanhs «i. .ccc cece 980 100 600 270 1,250 | Fair...) 9 St. VinGentvsc. cc ceceices 640 100 420 100 1,250 | Fair... 9 Holland ......... Sncseauie: 620 120 350 150 | 1,250 | Fair...) 9 Euphrasia......... ee 830 130 500 200 | 1,250 | Fair...) 9 Collingwood ...... Pacis 346 100 200 45 | 1,250 | Fair...) 9 Proton vioag seeeenes cee 1,040 250 500 ‘200 | 1,250 | Fair...) 9 Artemesia’ 0. scccaeeenes 1,182 382 600 200 1,250 | Fair...) 9

TOtaliaviseueavewad 8,857

* The figures under this heading are only for the purpose of showing approximately the proportion of each class of mares in each township. The first column of the table gives the number of mares bred.

Mares Brep To DirFERENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS.

Total. | Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. . Z | : a8 © ‘S Pe: See * z S a8 ss £2 | 28 26 |222| B, | 82 | S8s1 ®&, BS |) age | 88 | 28e! se as 286), 38 Be | 5RS) Sa | sro) Ee Sa | aes | 22 a va A a < |G A | $ 3 Registered Stallions.. 89 | 7,295 74 =| 5,892 oe a 15 | 1,403 11 Grade Stallions. ..... 26 | 1,562 || 21 | 1,290 a | One 9 Potala cronessaies 115 | 8,857 | ap a oeee O20 | Gi lasses

The public meeting for the county of Grey was held at Markdale ou November 15th, about,one hundred being present, representing nearly every township in the county. A discussion of a most lively kind took place last- ing over three hours, when the following resolutions were carried :

“That this meeting is in favor of the compulsory inspection and licens- ing of all stallions standing for service.”

“That all unregistered stallions be prohibited from serving mares.””

“That all stallions suffering from hereditary unsoundness be prohibited from serving mares.”’

“That a Stallion Zien Act be passed.”’

58 REPORT ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. No. 63

Grey—Concluded.

A very lengthy and spirited discussion took place as to the amount that should be charged as a license fee, the suggesticns varying from no charge to one hundred dollars. Finally, it was decided not to offer any suggestions as to the amount of the fee, but to leave that to the consideration of the Government.

The first resolution was carried almost unanimously ; many, however, were opposed to the second and third, thinking it quite impossible to carry into effect such legislation. The minority were in favor of refusing a license to undesirable stallions and letting it go at that. There was also consider- able opposition to a Stallion Lien Act.

Specian Reroxt or Inspécrors.

We, your Inspectors, beg leave to report that after investigating the horse indusiry in the counties of Huron, Bruce, and Grey, and inspecting the stallions in the above named counties, would strongly recommend the com- pulsory inspection and licensing of all stallions kept for service, the require- ments for licensing to be freedom from hereditary unsoundness and regis- tration in a recognized record of the Dominion of Canada; and we would also recommend a nominal license fee, sufficient to defray expenses in con- nection with said inspection. In reference to the Stallion Lien Act, we do not feel like recommending the Government to pass such legislation. While we have no doubt it might be some protection to the owners of stallions, yet we feel in many cases, it would be a hardship and an encumbrance to the owners of mares, and we believe there would be a good deal of opposition from farmers generally against such an Act. While we believe that much good has and can be done by the syndicating of good horses in many sections, yet we feel that there should be some protection to the farmers against being swindled by glib tongued salesmen, who sell inferior stallions, perhaps in the best of condition, to men who are not judges of horses. We would recommend that stallions about to be syndicated be compelled to pass inspec- tion before being offered for sale. We believe the horse industry could be greatly benefited by holding a meeting of horse breeders in each riding, to be addressed by practical up-to-date horsemen, on the kind of horses required for the market to-day, and how to breed them.

(Signed) H. G. Resp. Joun Bricut.

DISTRICT NO. 4.

Counties.—Perth, Waterloo, Wellington and Dufferin.

Inspectors—Wm. Jones, Zenda; Peter Christie, M.P., Manchester, (Perth, Waterloo, South and Centre Wellington) and John A. Boag, Raven- shoe, (East and West Wellington, and Dufferin).

PERTH.

Perth is a county in which there are a number of breeders and importers of good horses, mostly Clydesdales. There are also several Hackneys, Per- cherons, Belgians and Standard-breds. In Downie townships, St. Paul’s is the centre of a good horse district, and there were found five Clydesdales, a Standard-bred and a grade Shire. The effect of the presence of good sires is seen in the fact that even for the grade the service fee is not lower than $10, and it ranges from $12 to $15 in the other cases. There is one instance of unsoundness. The Inspectors report of the mares found here, 345 in number, that many of them are registered and are of a good class of Clydes- dale type. The good stallions kept here have been of, great value to the heavy horse business in Downie. Mares average 1,400 Ibs. in weight:

Blanshard is another township well known as a good horse centre, especially for heavy horses. It is gratifying to find that of the nine stal- lions standing for service here not one is unsound, and the average confor- mation is good. The majority of stallion owners charge a fee of $15, some $10, and one $20. There are five imported Clydesdales, an imported Hack- ney, a Percheron, and two Standard-breds. Mares in Blanshard are mostly a very good lot, especially those of the heavy class, although it is said that farmers have sold off their best mares, especially near St. Mary’s. The average weight of those of heavy type is 1,400 lbs., and of light type 1,100 lbs.

While there are not quite so many stallions in Hibbert township, they are all Clydesdales, imported, of a good serviceable age, good in conformation and all sound and stand for fees ranging from $10 to $15. Mares in this township ship are, so the Inspectors report, improving in quality and conformation, quite a number of good young mares having been bred this last season. The average weight of the mares is 1,400 lbs. and their average quality is fair.

Fullarton township has had the benefit of having brought into it an excellent class of stallions, some of which are also to be found in adjoining townships, where they are doing good service. Out of the 18 stallions here, ten are Clydesdales owned by one importer and there are two imported Clydesdales besides these. There is also an imported Hackney, an imported Shire, a Hackney grade, a Percheron, a Standard-bred, and a grade of the last named breeding. All are sound and mostly good in conformation and action and with three exceptions, in which the fee is $10, the standard fee is $15. In this township farmers are breeding the heavy mares to heavy sires and light mares to light sires, not as in some other districts breeding indis- criminately. Mares are in general of Clydesdale type, and average 1,400 lbs. in weight. ;

Heavy sires are in the majority in Logan townshin as well, where there are three imported Clydesdales, a Percheron, a grade Shire and a grade Roadster, standing for service fees from $8 to $15. All horses inspected are reported sound and of good conformation. Mares are of fair quality and average in weight the same as in the other townships of Perth.

[59]

60 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Perth—Continued.

Two imported Clydesdales, a Canadian-bred one and a Clydesdale grade, a Thoroughbred and a Standard-bred were all the sires located in South Easthope. All were sound, of good conformation and the maximum fee is $15 and the minimum $10. The mares average 1,500 Ibs. in weight and are of good Clydesdale type, with an average age of six years. :

In North Easthope only two imported Clydesdales and an imported Hackney were found, and the latter was not seen, owing to its owner being away. For the Clydesdales the fees were $14 and $15. There are a good lot of mares in this section mostly of Clydesdale type and averaging 1,500 lbs. in weight.

Among the sires in Ellice township are three pure-bred Clydesdales, an imported Shire, a Belgian, a Standard-bred and a grade Coach. Confor- mation is not so good as in the other townships visited, but all are fairly serviceably sound. Mares number some 430 of which the greater proportion are of Clydesdale type and the balance of light type. Fees vary from $10 to $16.

Mornington is a township well provided with stallions, and as far as seen they were all reported sound and of fairly good average conformation. The general run of stud fees is $10 to $16, but one is given as $40. The list includes six imported and two Canadian-bred Clydesdales. There are 1,123 mares in this township of good average weight and quality.

With seven Clydesdale stallions (one agrade),a Belgian, a Hackney, a Percheron, 2 Couch horses, and three Standard-bred grades, Elma township has a fair range of sires of various types, but there is much lacking in regard to soundness and in conformation in some cases. The stud fees range from $10 to $15. Mares are in number 1,220, each breeder keeping two on the average. The average weight of the heavy mares of Clydesdale type is about 1,400 Ibs. and the light Roadster mares 1,100 lbs. The average quality is fair all round.

STALLIONS.

ie Ue g ‘ LE de ake we om] Breeding = a oa re Se = x Se OS QED | es = 2 | Be BEE) ge 5 5 1 be ,5e2 | 2a

| 2 <j & | z ad | | 8 Clydesdales, Imported............ ' 42) 1,860, 7 | AM....:Good...... | 3,689 | 14 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 7| 1,590: 6, All Good...... / 855 10 Grades, Clydesdale... ..........2. 5 1,650 | Ors hc ae ate Good...... 426 1 Shires, Imported. ..............-. 2 1,900 5 | All Fairly good, 227 14 Giades,, SHIPC ci sveeee ese ae eva as 2 1,700 ABE | Doce e: shece Fairly good 188 9 PeRGheraiis-3.2.¢ncveantene os teas 4) 1,750 4) All Fairly good 295 14 BGIPIATIS'S og scenes: varosengr ti aceeseiee terete 3 | 1,980 4) All Fait es eis 185 15

Tlackneys and Grades (6 Hackneys,

MORAG) a rvattiveseunn attest whose a 7 1,235 7) All Good...... 574 2 Standard-breds, Imported ........ 8 1,060 8 | All Fairly good 434 V7 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 2 1,150 9 |} All Good...... 193 ll Grades, Roadster. ........ eeere 7 1,010 6) 5...... HaIP tcconzeh's 108 10 Thoroughbreds, Imported ........ 3 1,050 6 | All....| Fairly good 148 | 11 German Coach Horses and Grades

(1 German Coach, 2 Grades).... 3} 1,200 17 | All....| Fairly good 85 10

TOURS sepascanstas co eects GOs 95 6,907

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 61

Perth—Concluded.

Mares. = BS 3 oo ht faq a x oe | fase 2 | 2 |g Townships. 3625 Type. EG es op yoga ge] B |B S328 2s Ee Ey ges Be | 8 8 5o.n > Au > > 1 a < < i | Downie ...... pitts ra 475 \Clydesdale ............... 0c. eee eee 1,400| Good..... 7 Blanchard © sc.tcsrgs eae 4 » 923 |Clydesdale ............ 2.002. 00-0 ee 1,400} Good....| 7 i ‘ ; Roadster ......- Ge i ewes ces 1,100; Fair 7....) 11 Hibbert 05 wagexusd ness 650 |Clydesdale ...... cS Seco reneer 1,400! Fair..... ae) Fullerton: eescss¢cccees 738 |Clydesdale. .......B 0.00.00... 0000 1,400| Fair......| 8 ROaAStEr co ha keg aioli eae eed 1,100} Not good.) 10 TOG AN psi epee chen aoe Stee + 659 |Clydesdale. .............. 000 cece ee i Roadster South Easthope......... _ 474 |Clydesdale North Easthope ........ 262 |Clydesdale UICC s sc.hecconseina ees aca 403 |Clydesdale ; Light! oss yexsesaunese aie) cease Mornington ............ 1,203 |Clydesdale. ..................2.000- 1,400) Fair......) 7 SY AIOE oa sths axecareediuastauansrosiavntueln urea 1,100; Fair...... 10 BMG: soa yaseeius cae ae 1,220 |Clydesdale............-- eee eee “....| 1,400] Fair...... 8 TAP DG sc Pesscscatmcnosanatnncea Shaper ae cate 1,100) Fair...... 10 Totals. 20.62 dd scete 6,907 Mares Brep ro Dirrerent Cuasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. roe B 6 S218 ¢ sa (3 sh |ss2] 58 | ae®| eg s8 |ag=| g fe 1Sae || oe jee | wa Ba |2ey! 2; as Bao & as =F-8 & 3 as ges 38 5m Boe 5 sAa pa 5H BR- So a a a a < 4 A 4 $ $ Registered Stallions. . 78 | 6,125 78 | 6,125 Bell a cisgea states hontveeesttine dt Maat eh tage Grade Stallions ..... 7 782 13 641 10 4 141 11 Totals........ 95 | 6,907 91 | 6,766 |........ 4 TAL es tes

The public meeting held at Mitchell on October 16th was well attended and discussed fully the question of an Inspection Act, and a motion favoring the same was carried unanimously at the meeting.

Many of the stallion owners suggested that if stallions were under license and stallion owners had one-third of the insurance fee down at the time of service, it would put a stop to the breeding of a lot of mares that are not likely to get in foal.

WATERLOO.

The town. of Berlin was first visited. Here, and in the adjoining ter- ritory there were found two pure-bred Hackneys, two Clydesdales (one of ‘them a grade), two Percherons, and 4 Coach grade. With two exceptions the standard is not high and one horse is not sound. None of the horses stand at less than $10, while the highest price is $15. There are 460 mares here, mostly general purpose and light, the general average weight of which is 1,100 lbs., and quality only fair.

62 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Waterlvo—Continued.

In Woolwich township only a Clydesdale and Standard-bred, both good in conformation and sound, stand for service at $13 and $1 respec- tively. They both score well and are apparently successful sires. Of the 267 mares, part are of Clydesdale blood and part of Roadster, averaging in weight respectively 1,300 and 1,100 lbs. Quality is fair and their aver- age age is 9 years. ; a

Wellesley township is better off as regards numbers of stallions in its borders, some of which, of course, take in other districts not so well served locally. There are six Clydesdales (one a grade), a Thoroughbred grade, two Standard-bred grades, and a Coach grade in this township. — Six of these are stated to be good individuals, both as regards conformation and action. Service fees range from $10 to $15. The type of mare found is general purpose, weighing about 1,200 lbs., but quality is inferior.

Waterloo township is another well furnished with sires, ten Tho- roughbreds being found in one stable. It is also favored with some Stan- dard-bred sires of the best quality, thirteen of which, together with some good Clydesdales and Hackneys were in pected in one stable, and it 1s worthy of note that cut of 103 animals examined there, not one was found unsound. Besides these there are in the township a pure-bred Shire, four Clydesdales (one a grade), andaStandard-bred grade. Not all are sound, but their conformation is generally fairly good. As low as $5 and from $10 to &15 are the usual service fees. In some cases, however, they are from $25 io 50. The general run of the mares in this township are of the gen- eral purpose class.

The sires represented in Wilmot township are two Clydesdales, three Percherons, a Hackney, and three Standard-breds. Two of the sires could not be seen as they were away from home when the Inspectors paid their visit. Average conformation is fair, and there is some unsoundness. Stud fees vary from £8 to $20. The mares, as in most of the townships in Water- loo, are of general purpose class and are not very good in quality.

A pure-bred and grade Clydesdale, both sound, were the only stallions seen in North Dumfries township, and the stud fee is $10 in each case. There are a few good registered Clydesdale mares owned in this township, which ure dependent on outside stallions for service. Most of’the mares are of the gener: 1 purpose type and deficient in quality.

STALLIONS. ell | ? | | a Es = coe ae ae ee en: ae ae: Breeding. o , ee! & tT FE hE 5 a ete eee OR oe ae e leeal 2 2a. “ae te 2G z |< i < ee 4b see z = ae Clydesidales and Shires, Imported | F (7 Clydesdales, 1 Shire)......... 8 1,800 | 0% Mio. ta ces Fairly good| 845 13 Clydesdales, Canadian--bred. ...... 7 1,740 6) 6.00... ee goo! 473 11 Grades, Clydesdale. ..........5+25- +) 1,400 4| All Hair’ cae sak | 155 s Percherons wii yyesrnererae ii tete 5 | 1,700 EBs areenics jFair ....... 290 | 14 Hackneys, Imported...... ....... 3° 1,300 fi iy a ie ak Fairly good 323. 13 Standard-breds, Imported......... 16 | 1,050 6 | All...3. "ood... 20° «18 Roadsters, Canadian-bred and | | ' ' Grades (1 Roadster, 3 Roadster Grades, 2 Coach Grades)........ 6 1,150 6 | All ....j;Qnly fair .. 313; i Thoroughbreds and Grades (10 Pure- ; bred, 1 grade): 2s sec os yedus ace 11 | 1,040 8 All eos aN wood 208 M4 TOtAIS: sa oacahs eee need Ne 60 2.824 1

ar

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 63 Waterloo—Concluded. Marrs. ao) a= mat Sao a 2 coe t/a |s Townships. 3? o5 Type. oe S e Log a) o © Soe 2 Ee a ao 2 a z q B I z588 8 2 2 Zz <q ol < Town of Berlin ......... 460 | General Purpose .................. 1,200|Notgood..) 8 ; Light ........ sidhiehtnks weemectsianes \.| 1,000/Fair. ..... 7 WOOIWICH ecco tars 267 | Clydesdale ...............0 ce eee 1,300|Fair. ..... 9 Roadster» cavsud segs + pei eu ee 1,100/Fair. ..... 9 AVellésley vaccines ves 964 General Purpose.............2--5+ 1,200|Notgood..| 8 WaAterlOO's, 5 one waanints sss 613 | General Purpose ................05 1,200)Not good..| 8 : Standard-bred .................... 1,050/Good. ....} 8 Wal mOtstv cots cial een 422 | General Purpose ................-. 1,200|Notgood..} 8 North Dumtries 98 | General Purpose .................. 1,200. Notgood..| 8 DOPED asccinneewee 2,824 Mares Brep To Dirrexent Cuasses oF STaLiions. \ i Total. Serviceably sound. | Not serviceably sound. : lo ve — Stallions. 68 |3 «2 O68 |S 6D 64'S =: cl & nd & 8 onl g 5 i & Be | ie | 22 |Beel # | Be Bee; gS | 285 | #2 | 388, 88 | 88 | 285) ss 3H oA 37 540 >a 52 | 542 > a z va Z 4 a [A < $ | | 8 Registered Stallions.. 50 2,356 46 2,016 13 4) 340 | 14 Grade Stallions ..... 10 468, 10 468 GO: ll ere ee I Lane Totals........ 60 | 2,824 || "56 | 2,484 ........ | 4 340 | |

‘he public meeting for Waterloo county was held at Berlin. on Octo- ber 22nd, but was not very largely attended. The majority of those pre- sent were in favor of an Inspection Act.

WELLINGTON.

, In the township of Guelph are four good Clydesdales, one of which is ‘Canadian- bred, and there is a Thoroughbred sire for ihe light mares. No instance of unsoundness is stated, and the general conformation is good. ‘The service fees run at about $10. There are many mares of Clydesdale breeding, more or less, and a few light ones averaging about 1,100 lbs. ‘Quality is only fair.

Considering that there are a number of good Clydesdale stallions for service in Puslinch township the mares of heavy type in this township

64. REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

W ellington—Continued.

are not as good as they might be, and one reason given 1s that farmers have sold their best mares. Of the 683 mares none are above medium quality or fair in type. Of the fifteen stallions standing for service, e1g t are imported Clydesdales, two imported Hackneys, one a Thoroughbred, and four are Roadster grades. There is only one unsound, and ei a considerably above the average stallion. Tees in general, run from * 10 to $15, with one quoted at $25.

Of the stallions in Eramosa township, with few exceptions the In- spectors do not speak very highly, most of them being deficient in type and not likely to improve the class of horses found there, the mares, too, being of no special type. The sires include an imported Hackney, two Clydesdales (one a grade), two Thoroughbreds, and five Standard-breds, of which three are grides. $8, $10, $12 and $13 are some of the fees charged.

Seven. stallions were inspected in Pilkington township belonging to the following breeds: Pure-bred Clydesdales, four; Standard-bred, Coach and Percheron, one each, and one Roadster grade, the latter standing at an $8 fee, the others from $10 to $15. All kut one are sound, and the geneial average of conformation is fair, one Clydesdale being highly spoken of. The mares here are of fair average quality, those of Clydesdale breeding averaging 1,400 lbs., and light mares about 1,100.

Nichol township contains three pure-bred Clydesdale stallions, a grade Shire, and a grade Standard-bred, all qualifying as to soundness, but under the average as regards general conformation. One of the Clydesdales has only recently been brought in, and had not done any service at the time of the inspection. Ten dollars and twenty dollars are charged as fees, the latter for a heavy sire. The average of the heavy mares kept is rather higher than in other parts of the county, being 1,500 Ihs., and averaging well as to quality.

While all the stallions in West Garafraxa township are pure-bred, there is some unsoundness among them, to the extent of two-sevenths. Clydesdales make up three, Standard-breds three, and there is one Per- cheron. There are no stud fees lower than $12, and the highest is $20. As this proportion of heavy sires would show, there are a number of fairly heavy mares in the township; also a good percentage of light ones, the re- spective weight averages being 1,400 to 1,100 lbs.

Of the stallions in East Garafraxa, the Inspectors state that their standard is not as good as it might be, and mares also are below the aver- age of those in other sections of the county. It was the opinion of farm- ers met with here that something should be done to weed out inferior sires. The list of stres is made up of four imported and one Canadian-bred Clydes- dales, and two grade Standard-breds. No less than three stallions are standing for as small a fee as $8, for the rest the fees are $10, $12 and $15. Unsoundness is again in evidence here.

In Erin township the general purpose mare is the rule, with an aver- age weight of 1,200 Iks. The quality is poor. They total 736. The light breeds predominate among the stallions. There are three imported Clydes- dales and one grade, a cross-bred Shire and €lydesdale, four pure-bred Standard-breds and a grade, and two imported Hackneys. There are two

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 65

Wellington—Continued.

cases of unsoundness, but the general average of the conformation is fairly good. Stud fees have a wide range from $6 to $20, with most of them from $10 to $12.

Mares in Luther township average 1,400 lbs. in weight for the heavy ones and 1,100 for the light. Their average quality is only fair however. The larger number of heavy mares is reflected in the proportion of heavy sires which are four Clydesdales to three Standard-breds, two of the latter being grades. All are sound and pretty fairly good in conformation and quality. The minimum stud fee-is $7, the maximum $15.

Clydesdales again head the list in Arthur township, where six pure- breds of that breed and one grade, a grade Shire, a Thoroughbred, a Stan- dard-bred, and two Roadsters make up the dozen stallions standing for service at varying fees from $6 to $15. No less than one-fourth are re- ported as not sound, but the average conformation is fairly good. The heavy mares found here are principally of Clydesdale blood, and average 1,400 Ibs., light ones being 1,100 lbs.

There are no less than a baker’s dozen of Clydesdales among the twenty stallions inspected in Minto township. The sires representing other breeds being Thoroughbreds, two; Hackneys, one; Coach grade, one; and Stan- dard-breds, three, of which one is a grade. Four of the Clydesdales also are grades. Competition must be very keen here, for we find service fees quoted as $3 in. one case and $5 in two others, but the better horses make $10 to $15. With one exception all are sound, but quality and conforma- tion are only fair. The benefits of so many heavy sires is shown in the in- crease in the average weight of the heavy mares which is 1,500 lbs., and their quality is good.

There are seven Clydesdale stallions in Maryborough township, one be- ing a grade; three pure-bred Percherons, an. imported Hackney, a Tho- roughbred, and a Roadster grade, and while there are a few good sires among them, the general average is not high. From $8 to $15 js earned in stud fees. Heavy mares only average 1,300 lbs.; light ones being about the same as usual, with average quality fair.

For the 618 mares in Wallace township there are four Clydesdales, a Belgian and a Standard-bred all registered and only one not sound. Con- formation is only fair. Fees range from $10 to $16. The heavy mares of Clydesdale blood are of good average quality and fair weight.

Peel township, the last of the townships in Wellington to be visited, has a total of eleven stallions, made up as follows: Four Standard-breds, (two -of them registered and two grades), three pure-bred Clydesdales, n im- ported Hackney, a Thoroughbred, and a Coach Horse. Nearly all are sound or serviceably so, and they have very fair average conformation and action. Some pure-bred sires stand at $8, while the average is $10 to $15. The average quality of both the heavy and light mares found here is des- cribed as not good, and the average weights are 1,300 and 1,100 respec- tively. In this township it was suggested that it would be an advantage if something could be done to secure the insurance of stallions at a lower rate than that now-charged by companies engaged in this class of insur-

ance. 5 HB.

66

REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

W ellington—Continued.

No. 65

STALLIONS. at gee | wees F pad | oe Breeding. | &iei & ines aS; SOS | we Q | ws s O38 sad Oar | SP gis Ee 5 5S 530.2 | qe og =] > > 5 Q pO 5H @ > Zz |< < wa < 4 s $ Clydesdales, imported............. 47} 1,735 7 | 44..... Fairly good.) 4,066 12 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 15 | 1,590 Cae ae. Ser Fairly good. 827 10 Grades, Clydesdale................ 8 1,450 5 Dv ecotitia Bair gsi sais 508 7 Grades, Shire................. 0005 3} 1,665 8 nee POOL. 154 336 220 9 Percherone:... 22 c2csagieawsneesaes 6} 1,835 6 | All. Baltes ccuece 505 14 Hackneys, imported .. ........... 8 1,240 7 | All. Good ...... 716 14 Standard-breds, imported ......... 11 1,085 Be | DO dss: Fair ices. 605 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ......... 5 1,200 | 10 ah, caone Good ...... 394 15 Grades, Roadster .............-..- 20 | 1,020 8) WG. agers Fant’ cocks 579 9 Thoroughbreds .............2..... 6! 1,060} 11 ote Fair ....... 305 10 Thoroughbreds, Canadian-bred....; 3 1,000 5 pecs Only fair...’ 40 |! 10 German Coach horses, Belgians and | ! grades of Coach (2 German Coach, ‘ ; ; | 1 Belgian, 1 grade).............. 4] 1,465 SoG Be vesss Only fair... 189 | 10 8 0) | |< err ee Re Sea 136 | 8,954 | Mares. a= oa ES a Aas = | & , ‘Ss fo8 2 zB | & Township. ne Ba Type. a = 5 Boke | & .|@ G52 5 | § |& Z <4 <q < Guelph: secede es 90 | Clydesdale............ 2. eee eee 1,400] Fair..... 7 PAR 23 ed As wise ne devndetesawustonoes 1,100) Fair..... 10 Puslincht 2cxcsoucae e's 2 683° Waits... b0c cove deanna nas poe sroneee 1,200] Medium 8 Eramosa........-0--0005 585 | General purpose ...........4...008 1,200) Fair ..... 8 Wight: sa<copeiienwan sae sla ea meesels Fair ..... 10 Pilkington... i. saceuee. os 484 | Clydeedale.... occ. c sas ces ssecenees Baie}. 7 Weights gene ecn'e mrsien eee ah acne Fair..... 10 INVCHOL 3252.05 846 Boece 182 | Clydesdale....................02.. Good 6 GLE, ac.) 2 Si Gdanautnuctaohe ztiawe oaechies Balt sci 10 West Garafraxa......... 3800 | Clydesdale .............0....00... Fairs. cis 8 DOME 2 fe eve 2p acaniconssiuaine cigeaeeenasees Fair es 24% 10 East Garafraxa.......... 576 | Clydesdale.... Not good 8 Light ie-cssnndisuktaes ey aeeeneena 1,100] Not good.} 10 EAI ayo cs es ees Come S 736 General purpose ............0.002. 1,200] Poor..... 8 DUther (ccccscaasies aes TAT. Wi Olyidlepdall 6: Steacestetee ye sscceiaipcdpetiecs 1,400) Fair..... 6 e TEBE tyes 2 2 spaarncatoased Gant 8.2 au saat later 1,100} Not good.} 10 SAE ETNUD iss. SadedsAndeds totale Bish So, 1,341 | Clydesdale.............0.000..000.. 1,400] Fair..... 6 AUBIN oi eo. tis Seaton doe aeece a eregeim mee RS | 1,100} Fair. .... 10 Mints see Giro edie ok nee 1,162 Clydesdale: a, ses: c save re incay eneieeecs 1,500! Good 6 MCT gb a cecratgin ty hatcnaaees aces wa 4 Shenartn ake 1,100) Fair ..... 10 Mary Duro ssn ee eansclyes 889 | Clydesdale.............0 0.0.00. eee 1,300) Fair..... 7 : DATE Gee ahead gas Spey tue MRI cae 1,100! Fair ..... 10 WallaC! 22 62 Gas. onauscsies 618 ClY ESGAIE: 55 6.2.5 ecu notion ede liee eee 1,400) Good 6 AUR IT ES ss Sh sesit crates wa Gta hate Rhee 1,100) Fair ..... 10 POG ois geome DON eau ies ee GEL, «| Clydeésdalen wersasatiesers .dens Asn 1,300) Not good.) 7 St DIG ht) 323 259 ere eegehcn beet cae nedinae 1,100] Not good.} 10 Total lveto peewee 8,954

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 67

Wellington—Concluded.

Mares Brep To Dirrerenr CLAsses oF STALLIONS.

Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. : ou |S. og |S . Sa |S. Stallions. 48 5 ak b 8 - ad en rs a . ad ‘s eo |8by | 88 | S83] 2 eo | Sty | 2 gs fas as gas 93 gs ga 33 a QQ’ 3 @ 3 8a pS 3a 53 9.2 rn) A a qa a < A a <q ‘ $ $ Registered stallions. . 104 | 7,632 94 | 7,112 12 10 520 12 Grade stallions...... 32 1,322 25 997 9 7 325 Totals ........ 136 | 8,954 119 | 8,109 |........ | 17 845 | escowers

The meeting at Fergus for the county of Wellington was held on November 7th, when there was a very good attendance. The question of an Inspection Act was discussed by the meeting, and a motion favoring the same was carried by a two-thirds vote. The passing of a Lien Act was also discussed, and a motion in favor of it when put to the meeting was passed by a small majority.

DUFFERIN.

Melancthon township has the largest number of stallions to its credit, totalling seven Clydesdales, including two grades, two imported Hackneys, a grade Roadster, and a grade Coach horse. None of those seen were other than sound, but conformation does not average better than fair. The low service fee is again in evidence, such as $6 and $8, while the highest is $11. Not much can be said about the average quality of the mares, whether heavy or light, which average 1,300 and 1,100 Ibs., respectively.

Mares in Mulmur township are mostly of the general purpose sort, are not very good in quality and average about 1,200 !bs. There are seven stal- lions standing for service in this section, consisting of a Canadian-bred Clydesdale and a grade, an imported Shire, a French Canadian grade, a Hackney grade, a Standard-bred grade and a Coach grade. Six-sevenths are sound, and conformation in general is fairly good, but low stud fees are the rule, the limit being $8 and $10.

Mono township has 450 mares, mostly of the general purpose type, and averaging in quality about the same as in Mulmur, and also in weight. Of the six sires in this township there are four imported horses, viz., one each of the Shire and Hackney breeds and two Clydesdales. There is also a pure- bred Coach horse and a grade Standard-bred and all are rated as sound and fair in average conformation, while service fees are from $10 to $15.

There are no more. than four stallions in Amaranth township, all sound and fairly good in conformation and standing for fees running from $10 to $15 and in one instance, a Standard-bred, for $25. The list comprises an imported Clydesdale, two Standard-breds and a Percheron. As in the sister townships mares are general purpose in type and not good in quality.

68 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Dufferin—Continued.

STALLIons. $ L g 4 ty Pm ond cor] 3 3S 3 q ° : : - eU me. = wad o 8 rca g\8o2) 8/82 8. | 282) Fe a ee | ee 55.9 483 | 39 3 > B04 > iB a > OF =| a > @ a |<a4 << nN <q a <q $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 6 | 1,880 7 | All Fair........ 660 | 12 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred........ 3 1,530 4} All Fair........ 235 0 Grades, Clydesdale...............- 3 | 1,450 5 | All BaP es 5e.9.2%5. 118 7 Shires and Percherons (2 Shires, 1 ; Percheron) ccieieis scsi s saoa yee 3 1,925 5 | All....| Fairly good. 260 | 10 Hackneys, Imperted and grades (3 . pure-breds, 1 grade)............. 4 1,250 5 | All Fair eyes: 320 9 Standard-breds, Imported. ........ 1} 1,100 7 | All Good. ...... 78 | 25 Roadsters, Canadian-bred.......... 1 1,100 3; All Good....... 21) 15 Grades, Roadster.................5 3 1,110 9/ All Bates cease 135 9 Coach Horses, grades of same and of : French (1 Coach Horse, 3 grades)} 4 | 1,350 aig i Rs Seema PRAMB is -s2 odcice 215 | 11 Totals ca¢e4 gaedas 28 2,042 Mares. Be ; aS a Be 2 Bas 3 ‘s g Townships. oe oe Type. z = 2 uP OD 5?) o o Bye a) 2 ie ge ao ® @ 3 52.45 > > > Zi 4 < < Melancthon. ..........- 830. | Clydesdalessseicctsnssessaeies ees 1,300) Not good| 6 Wi ghtins aceag ea eves ease oes 1,100} Poor ....| 10 MUlMUn io odine¥ sane eeely 493 | General Purpose .................. 1,200) Not good 8 MONO: cca anna anion 450 | General Purpose .................. 1,200) Not good 8 Amaranth .............. 269 | General Purpose ...............04- 1,200] Not good 8 Total iwcy tc. ws eden 2,042 Mares Brep to Dirrereny Cuiasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. S@ 15 oi S62 |S | “oa |e BS | 582] ss | e821 2 nS |se2| g ee ae ee eo oe So |Sby| 2 a8 865] 88 | eae] 38 gS | s85| 33 3 @ gs Aa 3a oo pe 3 3 =i) aon a Zz Zz a < zZ Z < : $ $ Registered Stallions. . 18 1,604 18 1,604 DS": Wl evand leva esp ap sees Gaon Grade Stallions...... 10 438 9 403 8 1 35 10 Totals ........ 28 2,042 27 2,007 Yee sive sie 1 35 fo...

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 69

Dufferin—Concluded.

The public meeting for the county of Dufferin at Shelburne, on Nov- ember 12th, was well attended, about 40 being present, mostly farmers who did not own stallions. The question of an Inspection Act was discussed by them for some time before a vote was taken. The result was that only two voted against an Inspection Act, the rest voting in favor of it.

SpeciaL Report or INsPecrors.

We the undersigned committee appointed by the Ontario Department of Agriculture for the purpose of investigating the horse industry in the district known as No. 4, composed of the counties of Perth, Waterloo, Wel- lington, and Dufferin, beg to report as follows: “That we have inspected 306 ‘stallions, Clydesdales :130, Standard-breds 40, Hackney 20, Thorough- breds 22, Percherons 17, Shires 5, Belgians 4, Coach horses 4, and grades 64. Of the pure-bred stallions we found 15 unsound horses. We found the stal- lions of Clydesdale blood a good lot, the mares as a rule not nearly so good. owing to what the breeders say throughout the district, that until just recently the farmers have, as a rule, sold quite a number of their best mares. and in this way have lowered the standard of the heavy mares in the district. We find, however, that this policy has been to a great extent discontinued. We also find among the heavy class of horses in this district that the Per- cheron stallions, the Belgian stallions, and the Shire stallions are not near- ly as good a lot as the Clydesdales; in fact, they were, with one or two excep- tions, poor representatives of the respective breeds. ‘

The Percheron and Belgian horses in this district have only been intro- duced recently. With few exceptions these horses have been brought in and sold to from six to fifteen individuals, in most cases farmers, under a system known as syndicating, and in every instance at prices away above their value. We found the universal opinion of those we came in contact with opposed to this system. The reason assigned was that it invariably places a.poor horse in a community at a very high price, and further that it intro- duces a breed of horses in a section quite frequently that has a tendency to impair rather than improve present conditions. For instance, in this dis- trict the heavy class of mares are almost without ‘exception Clydesdale-bred mares of from one to three crosses, and no greater mistake could be made than to breed such mares to either Percheron or Belgian stallions.

The light horses in this district are not so numerous and with few ex- ceptions are not of nearly so high astandard. The Hackneys, asa rule, area very good lot of the right kind. We also find some excellent Standard-breds, but the greater part of them are very inferior individuals. The grades are far too numerous, and, in most cases are of a very poor class, which would scarcely make good-looking workers.

Your committee are of the opinion, from what they learned and observ- ed in passing through the district, that the heavy horse can be raised most profitabl* in this district. From the information we received we are con- vinced that there is no other plan of ownership of stallions that is giving as much satisfaction as private ownership.

We find that the views of horsemen generally favor a stallion Inspection Act with license attached that would permit of only pure-bred horses with registered pedigrees, free from all hereditary unsoundness and of reasonable

70 REPORT ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. No. 65

Report Inspectors’ District 4.—Concluded.

merit standing for service. We also found that the farmers we came in con- tact with view this with favor, and we are of the opinion that this would be the most effective way of materially improving the class of horses in this district. We arrive at that conclusion for different reasons. In the first place it would weed out largely the undesirable sires which in this district amount of twenty-five per cent. of the whole. In the second place it would to a considerable extent prevent the breeding of these poorest mares that have been bred to these very poor stallions. We also believe that it would prevent to a large extent the importation of horses of an inferior class of any breed into this country. It would also puta stop toasystem which has been pursued, and is still in practice in this country, that of selling and taking back and reselling again stallions that are known to be unsuccessful sires. But while we are convinced that an Inspection Act with license attached would without doubt very materially improve all classes of horses in this district, we are of the opinion that legislation along that line should be deferred until the people have had ample time to be better informed on the subject. and with that object in view we would suggest that the Department of Agri- ‘culture should by some well directed course endeavor to enlighten the peo- ple thoroughly on this question by disseminating information bearing on the subject, and by holding a series of meetings especially called for that purpose, and that an Inspection Act be passed making it compulsory for all stallions to be inspected, and that all stallions inspected be graded according to merit and breeding, with provisions attached that all stallion owners be compelled to give publicity to the certificates given. This conclusion is arrived at taking for granted that the conditions and feelings of the people are the same in other districts of this Province as in the districts visited by ourselves. (Signed) Prrer Curistie.

Wu. Jones Joun A. Boag.

DISTRICT NO. 5. é Counties.—Peel, Simcoe, York and Ontario.

Inspectors.—Thos. McMillan, Seaforth; and Wm. Mossip, St. Mary’s.

PEEL.

While some of the townships in Peel county have a good proportion of heavy stallions, Brampton isa town that has long been known asa centre for carriage and saddle horses, especially the former, Hackney sires having been used here for some years, and also Thoroughbreds. The list includes four Hackneys, a Thoroughbred, a Clydesdale, and a Percheron. Some of the stallions are rather up in years, but all are sound, and the average confor- mation is certainly good. In one case the service fee is $12, while the fee for the other is $15. There are quite a number of pure-bred Clydesdales in this neighborhood, and their average quality and that of the light mares is very good. No breeding of old, unsound mares is reported.

The farmers in Chinguacousy township are taking an interest in horse breeding, but a good many light mares are being bred to heavy stallions in the neighborhood of Mono Road. The general type of the heavier mares is of the agricultural or general purpose class, ranging from 1,250 to 1,350 Ibs. in weight. No less than eight pure-bred and two grade Clydesdale stallions stand for service here, one of the grades being a cross with a Shire. Besides these there are a Thoroughbred and three Roadsters, pure-bred and grades. The majority are sound and good in conformation. Stud fees are low, no Hee than five standing for fees of $8 each; for the rest the fees are $10 to $15.

Toronto township is well provided with sires, there being no less than eighteen here, among which are five Clydesdales (one a grade), two Shires, a Percheron, two Thoroughbreds (one a grade), a Cleveland Bay grade, a Hackney and the balance Standard-breds and Roadsters. There was some unsoundness, but on the whole the conformation was good. The range of stud fees was from $10 to $20. The Inspectors report that most of the stal- lions are not given sufficient exercise. There are a good many imported Clydesdale mares in this township but no Shire mares. There are also some good carriage mares. The general average weight of mares is 1,350 lbs.

In Toronto Gore there were just two stallions inspected, a Canadian- bred Clydesdale and a Hackney grade, by a Hackney sire out of a Standard- bred mare. Both are sound and the.fees are $8 and $10. Mares here aver-: age 1,500 lbs., and are good in quality and the heavy mares good in type. There is very little or no breeding of old mares.

The stallions in Albion township are not as a rule of very good type or conformation. ‘The service fees average $10. The breeds represented are two Standard-breds, two grade and one pure-bred Clydesdale, and a French Canadian. Three of these horses do not travel, but stand for service at home. The mares found ‘here are a good class, good in type and quality, and aver- agie 11,400. lbs.

Bolton township has seven imported Percherons. : These horses are all a very good class, and if bred to suitable mares would do good service.’ It is doubtful, however, the Inspectors report, if crossing them on mares with Clydesdale blood would be advisable. Besides the Percherons, there are an imported Hackney, an imported and a Canadian-bred Clydesdale, and also

[71]

72 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Peel—Continued.

a Canadian-bred Shire. All are sound and of good conformation; the aver- age service fee is about $11. There are a number of mares of fair quality. and good type in this township scaling about 1,350 Ibs.

There are seven stallions in Caledon township, made up as follows: an imported Hackney that was syndicated for $2,400," three Clydesdales, a Clydesdale-Shire cross, a grade Belgian, and a grade French Canadian. While mostly sound their average conformation is not high. They stand at fees varying from $8 to $15. Mares are only fair and their average weight is not over 1,300 lbs.

STALLIONS. g) cad 3 2 2 Breedin B oi 3 oe ef ges e 8 : B)ees| 2) 28 | gee | BFE ee g) sea; 8 | ES ® 8-5 Geog (oe Zz |< < | a 4 z < $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 12 1,745 64} 10..... Fairly good... 868 | 11 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ... ... 8 | 1,585 cia eran Fairly good... 517 | 9 Grades, Clydesdale ............... 6 1,430 § | All....| Fairly good... 188 | 8 DHITCRS 22 aaeis vensdie og Hea Paes Au ~...[ 3] 1,465 2) All....| Fairly good... 71 | 10 Percheron) ccscie ses wena ken 9 1,670 4a AM es | GOO os sccuues ; 72 | 18 Hackneys, Imported... ............ 7 1,280 10 | All Good. «sess. 485 | 15 Grades, Hackney and Belgian (1 Hackney, 1 Belgian)............ 2 1,250 5; All Go0d + ccsvsa 16] 9 Standard-breds, Imported......... 4 1,085 8 | All OC clors meee 147 | 15 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ......... 2+ 1,125 Te Mie soe cues Fairly good... 224 | 10 Grades, Roadster ...........-..... 5 | 1,080 8} All....| Fairly good...) 170 | 9 Thoroughbreds. ...............4.. 3 1,170 6.) Alba. c 2 GOO) sce 5.02 | 20 | 13 Grades, Thoroughbred and Cleve- land Bay (1 of each)............ 2 1,185 12} All Good ........ 110 | 1t Grades, French Canadian ......... 2 1,275 15 | All Bair’ sass eas 70 ae { ee TOtal ssc asc idicseieienerdibins 65 2,958 Mares. so ao af Bao of ‘ Townships. : 5S oe Type. E a ‘ tp =o 7 Pm Sao 4 os e8 © Qt = ag Sa 2 Bodo 52 ee) 5 SPs: p RH > oF > Zz < < < Brampton Town ........ 574 | Good. Quite a number of pure- bred Clydesdales............... 1,400 ; Very good Chinguacousy..........- 545 | General Purpose and Agricultural, : and some light................. 1,300 | Good....!| 7 LOTONUOG, oc keeen tion eats OLS) Wi HATe cots 2c aie cpnskorsaed Race whee ea 1,350 | Fair..... 7 Toronto Gore ........... 16 | Clydesdales; light ............. »..| 1,500 | Good....| 6 AMUDIOD: avec eeatvia cent BOA | GOOOr 5 od cc Sesveatione becinenn et mesma vietslanaee 1,400 | Good....| 8 Bolton: o-n- apeviventeninaws 220) GOO acing ie onaien nah anaes el emaee Bair s osee 8 Caledon: scananwies vines 026°) Balt ncce ues vee nae ee ees 1,300 | Fair..... 8 Total......... 2.000. 2,958

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 73

Peel—Concluded.

Mares Brep ro Dirrerent CLAsses or STALLIONS.

Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. ‘om |S .. Sera ese ‘Sg AE a 3 g 3 | 36 uO iM my uO Hor o uO Hae Do #2 8g | 32 /282| 2, | 42 485 | 2, Be | 855] 82 |8as| gs | 2S | Fas| ge a a a za < a zi <4 . : $ $ Registered Stallions . 48 2,404 44 2,073 12 4 331 10 Grade Stallions ..... 17 554 17 554 Oh, Weecrasesrar ail iateccets xia: hontai ais Totals.. ..... 65 2,958 61 2,627 21 4 S81. | sawnetiess

‘

At the meeting held at Brampton for the county of Peel, the speakers were generally in favor of an Inspection Act for stallions, and one speaker went further and thought that it should include an inspection of the pro- geny, and, if these proved inferior, to cancel the sire’s license. Much better results were obtained from the importation from Great Britain than from those from the United States, as regards the light classes. Another gentle- man found that little confidence’could be placed on the pedigrees of the light horses as furnished by owners. Nothing beneficial would follow inspection of the dams. If any system could be devised whereby stallions could be restricted to a certain number of mares it should be done. It was also thought by another speaker that the breeding of heavy horses was the most profitable for the farmer. He would encourage the crossing of Clydesdales and Shires. Another gentleman considered the breeding of speedy horses in Peel an ignominious failure, on the testimony of a light horse breeder. Another gentleman also spoke very strongly against syndicating, of which he had had bitter experience, some one always being given a good sum of money to put the deal through.

Score.

In Essa township honors are divided, there being three each of Clydes- dales and Standard-breds, and only one grade, belonging to the latter. Two- thirds of them are sound, and the general average conformation is good. The fees charged run from $10 to $15. Mares average from 1,200 to 1,800 Ibs., and the average kept is 14 by each. breeder.

Tecumseth township has three pure-bred Clydesdales, four grades of more or less Clydesdale breeding, a Percheron, a German Coach horse, and a Roadster grade. With one or two notable exceptions they are not of a very high order, although several qualify as regards conformation, but not all as to soundness. A minimum of $5 and a maximum of $15 ig the range of the stud fees. The mares in this township are rather inclined to the light type, the heaviest averaging about 1,300 Ibs. and the light about 1,175. They are of a fairly good type. The general opinion of the farmers seem- ed to be that syndicating stallions was a great mistake, for by this means the stallion costs nearly double what it should, and as in most cases there is no one whose special business it is to look after the stallion, in most cases it is

74 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Simcoe—Continued.

not properly taken care of. Those spoken to thought that it would be a good thing to inspect stallions and also thought that they were not given enough exercise at this season of the year (October). : :

Clydesdales lead in point of numbers in Gwillimbury, with six pure- breds and two grades; Percherons, Roadsters, and Shires have one each to their credit. Two, at least, of the stallions are too old for service. There is not much unsoundness, but average conformation is only medium. $6, $8, $13, and $15 are fees charged. Mares are only medium heavy and fair in quality. :

Adjala township has a Canadian-bred Clydesdale not registered and a grade Roadster, the latter well up in years. No unsoundness is mentioned and conformation is good. $10 is the fee in both cases. Mares average about the same as in the previous township, viz., 1,300 Ibs. ;

Only one stallion, a Thoroughbred, was inspected in Innisfil township. Service fee is $10.

' In Alliston town and surrounding district, quite a few old mares are being bred that are not fit for this purpose. Mares are of fair type, weigh- ing 1,300 lbs. About one-half of the foals here die shortly after birth, and there is a good deal of “‘navel and joint ailment.’ ‘‘Something should be done to prevent horses without a pedigree from travelling for service,’’ say those who were interviewed. There are two pure-bred Clydesdales and one Standard-bred in this township, all getting up in years, fairly good in con- formation, but not all sound. $10 and $12 are the fees in this section.

Tossorontio township runs exclusively fo Clydesdales of which two are imported, one Canadian-bred, and two grades. The stud fees are $5, $8, $10, and $13. In consequence of the absence of light sires, many small mares are being bred to heavy horses, making a rather violent cross. Mares average in weight 1,100 to 1,200 lbs.

In the township of Nottawasaga, which includes the town of Colling- wood, and village of Creemore, there are a large number of sires, including many Standard-breds and a Hackney, besides a good complement of Clydes- dales and two Percherons. Of Clydesdales there are eight pure-bred and one unregistered, and of Standard-breds seven. The greater number are sound and there are some good ones among them, the average conformation being good. Starting with $8 for a grade, the fees run up to $15. In this section the Inspectors saw more mares weighing 1,300 to 1,400 lbs., than in the districts previously visited.

In Stayner town and neighborhood Clydesdales again lead with four stallions, Standard-breds having two, and there is also a grade Hackney. Two of the horses are quite aged but all are sound and all fairly good as regards conformation. There is a unanimity as to fees, all charging $10.

The town of Barrie is a fairly good horse breeding centre, sires of light breeds being most in evidence. There are five Standard-breds and a Hack- ney grade to five Clydesdales (one a grade). Two of the Clydesdales and one of the Standard-breds are new arrivals. There is more or less unsound- ness in evidence. Stud fees range from $9 to $15. Mares average about as in other townships of this county, viz.. 1,300 lbs.

There are seven Clydesdales (of which two are grades), a pure-bred Shire, an imported Hackney and a Roadster grade in Flos township. The average conformation of the lot is good, but there are two cases of unsound- ness. Stud fees reach $16 and are as low as $8. There are some good mares in this township includine some excellent Clydesdale imported ones, but the general average is not above 1,300 lbs.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 75

Stmcoe—Continued.

_ With one exception all the stallions in Tiny township are sound and of fairly good conformation. With reference to two grades, however, their value as sires 1s not great. There are two Clydesdale grades and one Road- ster grade, whilst the pure-breds are repesented by two Standard-breds and a TI'rench Canadian, the latter standing for a fee of $12, while the others have fees up to $10 and as low as $7. Mares are poor in quality and of poor type, and a good many old used up mares are being bred. Two stallion owners gave their views on licensing stallions. One was strongly against inspection as he stated that he could raise better grades than pure-breds. The other was in favor of inspection, as that would give the owners of good pure-bred stallions a chance to earn something on their investment.

In Tay township one stallion was not seen on account of its owner being away. Of the six inspected, there are one imported Clydesdale, two grade Clydesdales, two cross-bred Clydesdales and Shires, and a French Canadian ’ grade. The average standard is not as good as it might be although all those inspected were sound. The maximum fee is $10 and the minimum $5. Mares are in quality poor to fair, with an average weight of 1,200 to 1,250 lbs. Too many old mares are being bred, while any good ones are being sold to too great an extent. One breeder in this township, while in favor of government inspection and licensing stallions, thinks that this should be done gradually, as it would be a mistake to cut off unregistered sires immediately, the effect being to create a great dearth of sires from whicu to breed. He also thought the present custom of syndicating stallions should be discouraged. A man who sells a horse in this way generally gets three or four times as much as the horse was worth. He did not think that owners of good horses should be put to the additional expense of a license.

In Vespra township only two stallioas were inspected, a pure-bred Clydesdale and a grade of mixed breeding. No unsoundness is reported, and while not of a high average, their conformation is fair. Fees are $12 and $8 respectively. The Inspectors add that the cutting off of poor stallions in a district like this should not be done, hastily, as farmers here will not pay a fair fee for a good horse. The result would be to leave a section like this without any sires. Mares are poor in quality and type not averaging above 1,100 Ibs., and too many culls are being bred.

The four sires in Medonte township are all more or less up in years, and have been good in their day and are all still sound. They consist of a pure- bred and a grade Clydesdale, an imported Shire, and a pure-bred Standard- bred. Three of the horses stand for a fee of $8, and the fourth for $12. As in the previously inspected townships of Simcoe county a good many old mares are bred, and the good ones sold. The quality on the average is poor, and mares are of no particular type. Their average weight is 1,200 lbs.

In Orillia township there are two pure-bred imported Clydesdales, four pure-bred Standard-breds, an imported Hackney and a Percheron, all sound as far as seen, one owner having refused to allow his horse to be inspected. In general, conformation was good. Two of the stallions were syndicated at high figures. Ten and twelve dollars are paid for stud fees. Here again the report mentions that many old mares are being bred, and as the average quality is poor even of the younger mares the results of breeding old, broken- down mares must be disastrous. Horse owners here agree that some steps should be taken to do away with scrub sires. ;

The Township of Oro is a good breeding centre; among the stallions were some of the best horses inspected. There is, however, some unsoundness. and, while some are extra good, others are only fair, and some unfit for use.

76

REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

No. 65

S¢mcoe—Continued.

There are four pure-bred Clydesdales and a grade, a cross-bred Clydesdale and Shire, a Percheron and a grade, and a Hackney. A grade stands for a $9 fee, but the stud fees for the others range from $12 to $19. some good Clydesdale mares here, and the average quality and type among all mares is good. The average weight is 1,300 lbs.

mortality among foals.

There are

There is not much

STALLIONS. o aie 4 ; rey a Ey a . 88 © od & & ind [-?) oO Sa o Oo @R o =) Breeding: S|) eee) » | 8 Po | BEE | Be q1s8 28 i Oo a) q go | ox Bi] pre > 52 aa BE |e a |< < Q 4 4 < Clydesdales, Imported ............ 33 | 1,660 7 | 80..... Very fairly good. .... 3,084 $12 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 16} 1,390 5 | All. Good....... 841 11 Grades, Clydesdale ............... 21| 1,430] 5 | 20..... Fairly good.| 1,036 8 Shires, Imported ................. 3 1,680} 11 | 2...... Fair's sca gis 341 11 Percherons and Grades (6 pure- bred, 1 grade) ...............05. 7 | 1,780 4 16...... Fairs 4 say 418 12 Hackneys, Imported.............. 4 1,220 6 | All. Good....... 335 12 Grades, Hackney................. 2 1,200 53 | All. War sei 137 10 Standard-breds, Imported......... 14] 1,165}; 10 {| 12..... Fairly good. 939 M1 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ,........ 10} 1,100 8 | All. ...| Fairly good. 467 10 Grades, Roadster ................. 6 1,190} 11 | 5...... Good....... 153 9 German Coach, Thoroughbred, French-Canadian and Grades (1 Sets HN naa EO MOREE TEA 41 1,480| 9 | AN... Pair........, S40 | td — Total@si4 215s is beasenowes 120 | 8,098 Mares. o aS pal 2 g g = c) 5 tae oO Townships. ° 235 Type. Ey i pa 88 Pe g QS = ss x gk go 5e 5 52.4 eS 2 A, eS a < ae BBA a careers cesnohepecess 420 | General Purpose to Medium GTAU RG cise ean sao 1,200 to 1,300)............ Tecumseth.. ............ 619 | Fairly good................0.. 1,175 to 1,300! Fair. W. Gwillimbury......... ASA Rane cls nhs auch wo helan c padntgleon: 1,300 Fair. Adjalas css saeeme teed a6 GO) Watreete ions ators yen wetbie aa nies Soca 1,300 Fair Innisfil, svéecnnesa kere DO) a FAAP es Se m foeapes see oes Gb eierata od ote oeragce artes Fair Alliston Town ........... DEO RBIS so ciccocscai dec ban ait eroas tule 1,300 Fair Tossorontio....... ...... OOS le Mare Since in Aetna eed Sats heat 1,100 to 1,200! Fair Nottawassaga and Colling- : wood Town ........... L652) it BP o.culet s cagesneed & Sines santas 11,200 to 1,300} Fair Stayner Town. .......... BOB Mais ost estadeins sos bu 6 4 bes 1,300 Fair Barrie Town ...........- B19) aire wiccareelite ne wi8 Vek eee ehh oo, 1,300 Fair POG ask j.ccelecvactst-gttantreneee 835 | A few good Clydesdales, the NOSE SOIT yeu sind seesipaveaste out 1,300 Fair MTU esoxcaeteee Tenn eas 249 IE ROOE 25. £ tact Seiantolenbunnne Oh neuesatanee’ 1,150 Poor. TRA Voxsenanc oe Steg BRE GOP | ROO? 2.2 ceehl i cnsyine dyes 1,200 to 1,250} Poor to fair. NMOSD PA a ciao -cig-eia tal esuens ae finer WANT 20s air haven bay. 8 barat 1,100 Poor. Medonte:csscsehca cae 405 | Only Medium ................ 1,200 Rather poor Orillia s ss2s6 444888640 dee BIL COR): fats soe ds sya secs atae peaneiiene 1,150 to 1,200} Poor. ONO E242 eendaod ane oteoktoeien Sh FBO SGOOd: sce zse cd incsrepet 8. bck an astcenee | 1,300 Good. — ' TOta lie cements 8,093

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 17

Stmcoe—Concluded.

Mares Brep To Dirrerent Ciasses or STALLions.

Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. oom se Sap i 58 |zsi|l 58 lssf£lg |) 62 | e228) 2 25 S23 | 23 SES) fy eo | ees 2 Be | sas £2 | sas] sf || s2 | BSE) bs q a qa a < a qi < $ $ Registered Stallions.. 89 6,615 81 5,991 15 8 624 ll Grade Stallions...... 31 1,478 29 1,413 9 2 65 Totals........ 120 | 8,093]} 110 | 7,404 ]........ 10

The public meeting for the county of Simcoe was held at Barrie, on October 26th. Some of the speakers took the ground that syndicating horses should be encouraged, providing it is properly done and a good care- taker employed. Some of the views expressed by ‘those present are as fol- lows: Syndicating is a benefit if properly done otherwise it is an injury. Offspring should also be inspected, and future licensing based upon that. It is a question whether the people would stand the licensing and the conse- quent cutting off of poor sires. In syndicating, a syndicate should be form- ed first and then the animal afterwards purchased. If animals do not pass inspection they should not be allowed to stand for service at all. A small fee should be paid for license. It would be a great hardship to bring a license act into force if there was not enough serviceable animals on hand to do the work of service. Do not bring such an act into force at once. The heavy horse is the more profitable to breed but we have use for all classes of horses. The Government should do nothing to curtail the personal liberty of the individual. No horse should be licensed unless registered in some recog- nized Stud book. Unlicensed animals should not be allowed to stand for service. To make it illegal to allow the owners of scrub sires to charge a service fee would not be effective. Something should be done by the Gov- ernment in preventing poor sires which are registered from entering the country. An inspection and license act should extend to imported stock at the time of landing. In the syndicating or selling of stallions the law should stipulate that notes taken in the sale of stallions should have written across the face of them “Stallion sale notes not negotiable.’’ This would protect the purchaser in case the anima] does not come up to any guarantee which may be given. If the notes do not bear this mark they should become void_and the salesman liable to a fine or penalty.

At the conclusion of the meeting a,vote of the audience numbering twenty-six was taken as to the advisability of the Government passing a Stallion Inspection and License Act and the voice of the meeting was unan- imous in supporting such a measure. It was also considered that it would be a benefit to encourage Agricultural Societies to choose a good sire for the season, grant the owner a premium and restrict the horse to the service of a

certain number of mares.

78 REPORT OF SPECIAL JNVESTIGATION No. 65

Yora.

The township of King, and Newmarket have a fairly long list of sixteen stallions to their credit, consisting of twelve Clydesdales, imported and Canadian-bred; two grade French Canadians, and a Standard-bred, and a Standard-bred grade. These are all of good serviceable age and mostly serviceably sound. Their average conformation is fairly good, and most of them serve successfully a good number of mares at fees from $7 to $13. There are not very many good mares in this section; their weight runs from about 1,100 to 1,250 Ibs.

In the Gwillimbury townships there are a number of good sires, includ- in, five lately imported. One horse is pretty well up in years, but has been a good stud horse, and holds his age well. There is no unsoundness among any of them. As regards breeds, there are ten registered Clydesdales, a horse of mixed Clydesdale and Shire breeding, a Shire, a Hackney, a Per- cheron, a French grade and a Roadster grade. Five of the stallions are not raied high and the service fees are as low as $7 and from that amount up to ‘$15. Some of the stallions are not kept in very good shape. There are a few good imported Clydesdale females which should be of benefit to the country, but the farmers as a rule have sold all their best females and kept the poorer ones for work and breeding. The average weight of the mares is not above 1,200 Ibs.

In Sutton township a good many foals died of joint disease and rheum- atism last season, due a good deal to lack of care on the part of the owners. There are eleven stallions in this district, and some of them certainly should not be used for breeding purposes. The majority are of the light type, Standard-breds and grades of this breeding; in addition there are three Clydesdales. Some idea of the class of sire may be gleaned from the fact that in one case the stud fee is $3, in another $5, and $7, $8, and $10. Mares average in weight 1,250 lbs., and are only fair in quality.

In Markham township both heavy and light stallions are almost without exception good individuals. There are thirteen Clydesdales, all pure-bred. two good Hackneys, a Percheron, and two very good Roadsters out of four (one a grade). Three of the stallions are getting up in years, but with one exception and one not seen, all are sound, and average well in conformation and fair in action. Stud fees are in the majority of cases from $12 to $15, but one Hackney stands for only $8. There are some good Hackney mares here, and the average quality of all the mareg is above the general average. Too many old ones, however, are being bred. The average weight is 1,400 lbs.

The three sires in Scarboro township are an imported Clydesdale, an excellent Hackney, and a Standard-bred, the latter not being seen. Both the Clydesdale and the Hackney are doing yood service. The fees are $15 and respectively. Mares are of a fair type and their average quality is rood.

In Whitchurch township, one importer has the field all to Limself and two young imported Clydesdale stallions were inspected. The latter had just arrived when the inspection was made. The average quality of farm mares is good in this township, and they are of a good type, and are bred at a suitable age.

The stallion list in the township of York, is considerably augumented from time to time by the importation of Clydesdales, Shires, Hackneys, and Percherons. In all, there are six Thoroughbred stallions, twenty-two

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 79

Y ork—Continued.

Clydesdales, five Shires, three Percherons, eight Hackneys and a Standard- bred. Where so many horses are imported for sale and newly arrived, they do not, as a rule, stand for service. and consequently no stud fees are available. For those in service fees run from $10 to $20. The mares in

ae aoe are mostly of pretty good type and quality, averaging about ; 8.

Vaughan township has a fairly good lot of sires, which include four Canadian-bred Clydesdales and a grade of that breeding, two Percherons (one syndicated at a high figure), and a grade each of Roadster and Car riage breeding. All are eligible as regards soundness and their conforma- tion is pretty good on the average. While some of the grades stand at $8, the better horses make from $10 to $14. ‘The mares here average the same as in York, and are much the same in type and quality which is good. There is no breeding of old mares, as a rule.

Etobicoke township, the last in York county to be visited, has just four sires within its, limits, three of them Clydesdales, and one a grade Roadster. With one exception all are sound and fairly good as to con- formation. Ten to thirteen dollars are the fees charged. Mares are good, and average well in type, with a weight of some 1,400 lbs. There are many young ones among them. In commenting on the stallions in this county the Inspectors remark on a defect found largely among Canadian-bred stal- lions of having rather small straight hoofs.

Sra Lions. : & a, ag & . Fem) a a ‘ 5 3 $ rd = 2 a a Breeding. 8 frp 5 Be & 8 F 3 8 A} eee, 8 | Be as Bae | 58 S|} pra S 5a ao Bon] pa a {a = D <q Z, <d 50 1,745 5 | 48 Good 2,551 é Clydesdales, Imported ............ 745 | 5 | 48..... ood....... Ciedesdalen Canadian-bred........} 20} 1,600 B:| Te es sy Fairly good. 1,162 10 Grades, Clydesdale....... as 2 1,550 43| All....| Fairly good. 176 8 ires, (5 I rted; 1 Canadian- ; a Be eee 6 | 1,645 Bol Be sans 7 ae 215} 12 Percherons........0eeeeeeceeeeeee ce? 7 1,745 BW 6ncds22 Fair........ 273 13 Hackneys, Imported...........-.- 12} 1,040 4] All Good....... 410 13 Standard-breds, Imported ......... 5 1,090 12 | All Fairly good 374 il Roadsters, Canadian-bred ......... 5 1,080 7] All xood....... 178 1l Grades, Roadster ......-...--..5-- 8 1,160 9 | All....] Fair........ 270 10 Thoroughbreds .......----2++.++++ (iy earn! ee 10 | All....} Fairly good.|.......... ee Grades, Coach and Liccompemrl : i 1 bh; 3 Frenc ana- } on 5 . = nn eep had eee aswel 4 1,400 Bb Silsaenas Fairly good. 458 10 Unenumerated..............000005 9 : ITO LAIES sexdewduisend dectacedaun enavec 134 6,067

30 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

York—Concluded.

Marss. ee oe a6 z S Aaa pe. a Bo 6, = 5 Townships. Ce Sa Type. 5a me ora Es ag 88 as Ey HEaE 8 8 5 S588 2B = a cee < King and Newmarket............ 1,261.) Bait. cccccesaee ce cows 1,100 to 1,250 | Fair E. and N. Gwillimbury i 1,200 Fair SUttONn A oad oe sees tla eae i 1,250 Fair Marea: sts csisteteiee ut aetoses cocledees 1,400 Good Scarboro css s3578% ao ieee sate i 1,350 Good Whitchurch: 2.955 e903 ceweeuinen 1,400 Good NOrksagaaeeeeenavta sauces ne oe 2 1,400 Good Vaughan ......c20eseede sean a8 1,400 Good BtObiCOke:. i.e cece cee Sessa wees 486 | GOOd é os05 scancwmees tes 1,400 Good LOtaleican cig senaumundas 6,067 Mares Brep To DirreRENT Ciasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound Not serviceably sound. Stallions. SCH 1S 6 oe |S 8 S62 13 5 g ge |gs=| sf |ss=| 2 1 gs |es®i g eae | aby] 28 | 8a x 22 | 889 2 gs | ga8e g@8 | gage 7 g's aae i 530 3 =i) 32 =I sis) > ce 5 go > Zi a a va <4 a 4 < , ; $ $ Registered Stallions. 111 5,163 106 4,793 iL 5 370 10 Grade Stallions...... 14 904 13 788 9 Bl 116 12 Unenumerated...... ia liek gavel lle Suda axs Aas npeeeaun ahtaet Pera eaceredatal|| ateanea ss “ah iestamneecnt [ages tut Totals........ 134 6,067 119 Di PBLs Ienbevnsevs 6 486 |........

. The meeting for the County of York was held at Richmond Hill, November 5th.

There were about thirty present, and it was not such a representative meeting of those interested in horse breeding as some previously held. It was urged by some speakers that the Government should do something to protect owners of good horses. Others took the ground that that would be a hard thing to get at, es the breeding of good horses depended on the class of mares in the county as well as on the stallions. One gentleman sug- gested that the Government might do something towards improving the standard of the mares by giving assistance to those bringing in good mares into the country. Regarding the inspection and licensing of stallions, he thought that nothing hasty should be done, as importers were doing thee best in bringing in good sires, but he thought that an act should be passed to prevent grade sires being used.

All present agreed that the Government should take steps to prevent grade sires travelling and standing for service.

'

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 31

ONTARIO.

Uxbridge is a township where light sires are in majority. Thero are five Standard-breds und a French Canadian, to one Percheron and three Clydesdales. All are pure-bred as far as seen, and mostly sound, with good average conformation. There are no stud fees lower than §10, while the highest is $15 in three instances. Mares are good in type and fair in quality, averaging 1,250 to 1,300 Ibs. in weight. No old mares are bred, and there is very little foal mortality in this section.

In Scott township there was only one sire inspected, a Thoroughbred, of fair type and sound, standing at $12. Mares in this township are much the same as in Uxbridge, but with an average of only one to each breeder.

_ ,Reach is a large township, and has a fair proportion of stallions, con- sisting of nine Clydesdales, a cross-bred Clydesdale and Shire, a Thorough- bred, and two Standard-breds (one of tho latter a grade). All but one were serviceably sound, and they are in general a pretty good lot. Ten to thirteen dollars are charged for fees, but there is one grade standing for $6. The Thoroughbred is an old Queen’s Plate winner, now well up in years. The average number of mares kept by farmers is 14, and they are good in quality and of nice type, with an average weight of 1,300 Ibs.

Brock township inclines mostly to heavy sires, there being six Clydes- dales to two Standard-breds. In some cases the horses are not as well looked after as they should be, and three of them are getting on in years. They are nearly all (as far as inspected) serviceably sound, and of quite good average conformation. None are grades, but some of the service fees are quite as low as if they had been, viz., $8 and $9. The majority, however, run from $10 to $15.

In Thorah township, four Clydesdales, one Shire, and one Hackney were inspected. The minimum fee is $12, and the maximum $17. In this township there is an improvement in the average weight of mares, and also in their type and quality. Some horsemen here were of the opinion that little could be done to “mprove the standard of horses by licensing sires.

Four stallions, all Clydesdales have their routes in Mara township, one of these is a very old horse. The other three are sound and of good con- formation, with fee: of from $10 to $14. The average weight of the mares is 1.400 Ibs., and they are of good average quality. Farmers here are well posted as to the injury that would be done by allowing scrub stallions to serve mares.

With the exception of one registered Standard-bred and two nondes- cripts, all the stallions inspected in East and West Whitby townships were Clyde-dales, and they number 25, the list being largely made up of the horses. in the stables of breeders and importers. The stallions throughout this township are almost without exception sound, and of a class to im- prove the standard of heavy horses in the Province. Eliminating the horses which’ stand for $8 each, the horses travelling in this district have service fees of from $10 to $15, and $25 in one instance for a Stamdard- bred. There are a good lot of mares, in weight 1,400 Ibs., and of good Clydesdale character. mae

The number of stallions in Pickering township is 43, of which 26 are Clydesdales, 14 Hackneys and Hackney ponies, and three Standard-breds (two of these being grades). Many of these are for sale, and are not stand- ing for regular service, but those that do, earn service fees of from $10 to $20. The general average is naturally good, and soundness is the rule. The mares in this township are a good lot, having an average weight of 1,400 Ibs., and in type favoring the Clydesdale.

6 H.B.

82 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65 Ontario—Continued SYALLIONS. a a g op pie a g ae Cees r aT oe ede 9 ey y Breeding. ei) gest @ | ac eee BES | Se ; 2/858) £ | ss RES ‘Sug 1 55 2/ Sea) ¢ £2 235 BSG 2 zl < a < A < - 8 Clydesdales, Imported ............ 55] 1,655 5 | 54..... Fairly good. 2,904 18 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred, and Grades (22 pure-breds, 1 grade)..| 23) 1,575 4| All. @ood....... 805 10 Shires and Percherons (1 Shire, 1 PErCheron \inwers Vesa deve: e sueuens 2} 1,900 | Dew sieccices Good. ...... 160 13 HatkneySincacsnicuhe ucee de saeus 5) 1,225 7 | All. Good....... 80 l4 Standard-breds, Imported......... 7 1,140 9] All Goodin teu 368 15 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 8) 1,075 5 | All. Goods. 26025 130 11 Grades, Roadster ...............0. 8) (1,125 11} All. Fair's: wavs « 162 8 THOPOUGHBRES!. 6) .<<00 < s4donsaievestcattines 2} 1,050 12! All. Bair’ ovean ax 129 12 GAGES: sasacgeace 24 coisa matieres wlaitlaiaiccaetihes i) eRe Ot SAMs soca Masedseeceitaens ae nates 237 9 TO tal Si i dbh oes fiid: taireeacetoiyeae te Oe 113 4,975 | MAREs. Se os ——-— zs cle Ll sa 8 “op | a Est e 3 | § Townships. one 2 Type ae : a | ae = cia Be | Og Beno! ar > ia a mes: ae Eel les URDIMdG6s sc.cueee das as deaeawne 884 | Goodseccas ceegnsavesd | 1,250 Fair BOGtE sy pane cnhhi nar iagatiamua: Ue Non Gasanaowandeedere | 1,300 | Fair FROA CTS dvay ss daphayaed duets beds Deuee arta 582 GOOG cee cana.caGaeees 1,250 to 1,300 ; Good TOT nessa bbs etadama tA BBR | Goo cecnoraencmacuinn 1,306 | Good SPOR Aeon hoe Se tessiest etree dtlalaevers D8. fh GOOM eS scuiw a oon oot ee clee 1,400 Good MATE soc ceed hca Bae sasce ne setae stra nies Def ROO exits since ae akweehaseuiee 1,400 | Good Whitby and East Whitby ....... BOE Mi GOOds cis ede dani a teres 1,400 Good Picken gene yae od ease 8 fe vea VS C9"|; GOOG ictat Sec ee se alersein 1,400 | Good Totaluacccvs vciwesees ass 4,975 1 I Mares Brep ro Dirrerent CLAsses oF STALLIONS. ; in «Rae Total. Serviceably sound. |, Not serviceably sound. Stallions. SS ie eal “Sere gs | oe | So 3 HO komt HO Hear | o , OS mm o Be 402 22 |422) 2, | 22 | abe! 2, y aS Ma a BS |sas| 82 | 225 | 38 | 88 | eee: se a A a zy | <q 1 A 1A << is - = Registered Stallions . 106 4,576 104 4,397 ; 12 By 179 12 Grade Stallions. ..... 7 399 7 399 | | oer sl Sie seal eet ‘I = Totals ......0. 113 | 4,975 111 { 4,796 | ones } tr ee eee

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 83

Ontario—Concluded.

_ At the Port Perry meeting held November 13th for the County of On- tario, sixty-five were present. The following are points taken by some of the speakers and approved of by those present:

_, An Inspection and License law might do good, but there might be con- ' siderable difficulty in carrying out the work of inspection and licensing. If a license law were passed it should also extend to an inspection of the progeny, and to imported horses at time of landing. Men should club together and in this way get good sires by forming a syndicate, if this is properly done. Horses not registered, and not serviceably sound should not be allowed to stand for service. A license fee should be only as high as will meet the cost of inspection. The Government should encourage Agricul- tural Societies to give premiums to good horses and get them into a neigh- borhood. Government should inspect and license first, and then encourage societies to give premiums afterwards. In Scotland, in lieu of premiums, 90 to 100 mares is the limit that district stallions are allowed to serve. There are just two classes of horses that are profitable, the heavy horse and the harness horse. The expert judges sent out should report to the Govern- ment the class of horses found in the different districts in the Province. There are many light horses travelling in this locality which have never left a good colt. This district is pre-eminently fitted for the breeding of heavy horses. A License law should be brought into operation at once. The following motion was mov.1 by Jno. Vipond, seconded by Herb. Collacott, and carried unanimously : ‘ :

“‘We the breeders and horsemen of the riding of South Ontario do hereby request that a license be placed on stallions in this riding, and also that none but a stallion of recognized breed be allowed to be used for ser- vice, and that he be recorded im our Stud Book, or in the book of the ccun- try in which he was bred. We also would request that an unsound stallion be not granted a license when his unsoundness is of an hereditary nature, such as side bones, spavin, ringbones, etc., and further, that there be a li- cense fee of $25. Also that the Government should encourage horse breed- ers’ associations and district societies.’’

SpeciaL Rerort oF INSPECTORS.

We beg to submit herewith our own impressions gained while engaged on the work of horse inspection, and our own opinion as to whether the horse industry of the Province waquld be best encouraged by means of a Govern- ment Inspection and License law. ;

At the outset, according to instructions we sought to keep our own counsel, and endeavored to draw out the opinions of the owners of stallions. uninfluenced by any ideas or suggestions made by us. Although the majority of the stallion owners seemed to favor inspection and license, yet with the exception of two or three individuals, none seemed to realize, that, in the event of such an act coming into force, their own animals would fall under the ban. Although the report shows that a large percentage of stallion owners favor 'the Inspection and License system, yet, in conversation your Inspectors were strongly impressed with the idea that the great majority of those had given the matter very little serious consideration, and therefore were not in a position to give an opinion as the result of careful and mature deliberation. As a consequence, when the public meetings were held, and some half dozen or so would express themselves as being favorable to inspec-

84 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Report Inspectors’ District 5.—Continued.

tion and license, the balance of the gathering as a matter of course fell in line, having no definite opinions of their own. Even those who carried the meetings did not impress your Inspectors with the idea that they had given the matter sufficient consideration to realize the difficulties which the De- partment may encounter in carrying out their suggestions.

In the prosecution of our labors, and as the result of serious considera- tion your Inspectors are so keenly alive to the following observations that we herewith present them to your judgment.

(1) Many inferior sires are being used in service throughout this dis- trict of the Province, and many, even some good sires are kept in miserable unhealthy and unthrifty condition.

(2) A number of sires have been sold to their present owners at exorbi- tant prices. ;

(3) That the crossing of Percheron sires (of which we saw quite a num- ber) upon the class of heavy females of the Province, principally of Clydes- dale and Shire breeding will result in serious injury to the horse breeding industry.

(4) In some sections of our district, if inferior sires were prohibited from standing for service, th.re would not, at present, be a sufficient num- ber of suitable sires, and in those sections many farmers do not seem to real- ize the great advantage of breeding from good dams and to good sires, and in consequence, there ig great need of educational work along this line, and the need of a better class of breeding females, both heavy and light.

(5) That the system of ownership by syndicate, although, in theory, ‘t may appear to be ideal, yet in practice has proven such asignal failure, that great caution should be taken in giving the movement any further sympathy or encouragement. ,

(6) In some of the more advanced sections we found those who urged that instead of inspection and license a vigorous educational campaign be conducted, through the O. A. C. short course in judging, the Agricultural Societies, and the employment of well informed and successful horse-breed- ers as Institute lecturers, thus spreading the gospel of wisdom to those who desire information. These are mediums of instruction which we consider the Department would do well to endeavor to still further encourage and strengthen.

(7) While the information gleaned from this inquiry, will, as already intimated, be valuable to the Department in their: further efforts in assist- ing this important branch of live stock development, yet we would be very cautious in advising the inspection, and more particularly the licensing of sires. What is to be gained thereby? Is it not a fact, that, in the mind of every successful breeder, no legislation is required in order to compel him to act in his own best interest in this matter. These men, although in some sections they may be comparatively few, yet practically speaking, are strewn all over the Province, and if their next door neighbors with this object lesson right before their eyes, are so blind they will not see, would it not be highly impolitic in this free democratic country for the Government to force upon an unwilling people, what their own best interests tel] them they ought to do. Were it a matter of human life or health that was at stake, the case would be very different. Take for instance the handling and treatment of the farmers’ milk supply. Mlk and the products thereof, constitute a vital ‘portion of the food of humanity. In the handling of that article of diet the health and vitality of our people are at stake, and the Government would be

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 85

Report Inspectors’ District 5.—Concluded.

justified in interfering, entering upon the private farms and by law or reg- ulation, forcing the removal of conditions which produce a dangerous con- tamination; yet thus far this isnot done, and there is no parallel in the two eases. What would the matter of horse inspection alone accomplish? It would certainly compel stallion owners to stand and advertise their animals under their true colors. If'this inquiry reveals any deception upon this score being practiced, (although under our present law a severe penalty: is attached) then some further regulation may be enacted. Jn our five or six weeks labor, no such case has come under our notice. The matter has never been mooted. Every person in the locality seems to be quite conversant with the breeding of the animals they patronize. If the sire in question happens to be unsound in any particular, the owners of competing sires soon get to know, and publish the fact broadcast over the community.

(Signed) Tuomas McMuiruan. Wriiram Mossip.

DISTRICT NO. 6.

Counties—Hastings, Peterboro, Victoria, Durham, Northumberland and Prince Edward.

Inspectors—J. G. Clark, Ottawa, and Jas. Irving, Winchester.

HAstTINGs,

In Sidney township the Inspectors report that the majority of the stal- lions are totally unfit for breeding a good class of horses; most of them are undersized and unsound and of poor quality, and colts of any kind are quite scarce. The horsemen here were found in favor of stallion inspection and the licensing of good horses for the protection of breeders. Five of the stal- lions are Standard-bred, .one being a good individual. There is also a good Hackney. The balance includes a fair Clydesdale and an aged Coach grade. Fees vary from $8 to $16. Mares are of only medium quality, many being unfit for breeding purposes; worn out and crippled mares being generally bred.

In the townships of Thurlow and Tyendinaga there are some very good stallions including Standard-breds, a French Coach, a grade English Coach horse and a Clydesdale. In numbers there are four Standard-breds and two grades of that breeding; a Clydesdale and a grade, a French Coacher, three French Canadians, unrecorded, an English Coach yrade and a Shire grade. There is no absolute unsoundness and some of the horses have the reputation of being good stock getters. There is a wide range in fees from $7 to $20. As regards mares there is a tendency to breed too marv light mares without regard to strength and substance. Mares are somew! at better than in Sid- ney township, but stallion owners claim that good ov. are scarce and that the reputation of stallions is seriously injured by the mares with which they are mated being inferior and unsound, and the colts partaking of their unsoundness and inferiority. Among stallion owners the idea of stallion inspection seems to meet with universal approval. Some difference of opin- ion was met with in reference to a license fee. Many of those spoken to laid special emphasis on the necessity for the greatest care on th> part of the Inspectors (if such were appointed) in inspecting the progeny of the stal- lions under consideration; as many had found that many registered stal- lions had not been successful as stock getters.

There are several grade sires in Hungerford township, and pure-bred stallions are considerably in the minority. The pure-breds are three Clydes- dales and a Hackney; the grades are Clydesdales seven, Standard-breds three, Coach one, and Percheron one. With few exceptions the standard of merit is 1ather low and so are service fees, from $5 to $15, the majority not exceeding $10. Mares are chiefly cross-breds, light general purpose, with a few small Roadsters. A few heavy blocky mares were seen that would mate well with good Clydesdale or Shire stallions. Stallion owners are divid- ed about the amount of a license fee; some favored a high one. The opinion seemed to be unanimous that the scrub stallion should be put out of business, but none of the owners apparently consider the possibility of their own horses coming within that class. Some favor an act of Parliament giving stallion owners a lien on the progeny until the service fee is paid. All the evidence goes to show that haphazard breeding and the patronizing of cheap horses are responsible for the slow progress being made in the improvement of horses here. The scope of a stallion act came in for a lot of discussion. Men who have had good results from cross-bred horses would not favor the

[ 86 ]

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 87

Hastings—Continued.

disqualifying of unregistered sires. Much evidence is forthcoming where cross-bred horses have given better results than some of those registered.

In the three townships of Elzevir, Madoc, and Marmora there are three pure-bred Clydesdales, an imported Hackney, a Clydesdale, grade, two Stan- dard-bred grades, and a French-Morgan horse. The inspectors state that some are very good horses, and that farmers are taking more interest as to the ‘stallions used. Stud fees are from $7 to $12. All horsemen ‘here think a stallion Inspection Act the most practical thing.

_ The quality. of some of the imported stallions comes in for severe criti- cism, as their progeny compares unfavorably with those of Canadian-bred, and even cross-bred stallions. Here as elsewhere lack of judgment in the selection of suitable sires to mate with the type of mares on hand has led to failure. Opinions as to the amount of license fee differ, but all agree as to the expediency of a license law. There are some very good general purpose mares in these townships, but a large number are too small to give good results when mated to heavy sires.

There are only three pure-bred sires in Rawdon and Huntingdon town- ships, one an imported Clydesdale, one,an English Coach horse, and the third a Standard-bred. Of grades there are three Clydesdales, three French. and a Standard-bred and a Percheron. Some of the grades are good-looking horses, but are not well enough bred to prove good sires. There is some unsoundness among them. They stand for fees from $6 up to $10, and one is quoted at $25. Mares vary in quality, there being some good, useful ones seen,, but too few show signs of breeding among the heavy class. The Coach and Roadster average up better. ,

In the townships in the northern part of Hastings county there are three pure-bred Clydesdales, a pure-bred Shire, and a Percheron and French Canadian grade respectively, all sound except one, but only just fair in conformation. ‘There are four syndicate horses among them purchased at pretty high figures. They serve for fees from $5 to $10.

STALLIONS. & > 58 is 3s deere | a | “Sed os nad | 8 Breeding. & oe e & z BE s g 2 aS gf) oho 2 | ee 2S Bag | os a} a 3) 4 a <q Fai 506 | 16 ‘Clydesdales, Imported...... ..... i 1,700 Te NB is scsteers MPa aay b Ohdesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 5 | 1,565 BF | Be dctens Fairly good. 547 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale .........-..... 12 1,420 BW GAM. cfec ait sies e232: 905 if hires, Imported and Grades of : i Shire needing said ected BPE EES RAS 2 1,525 4 | AML ...| Only fair... 71 7 “Grades, Percheron.......--..+++-+ B41 Us870\| TO: P2ee eres Fairly good. 165 7 Hackneys, aoe ee Noite ned i t anadian- oreil ies eee Re ee Be), cao) Gs Seeiess Fairly good.| 250 | 14 Standard-breds, Imported ......... 5 | 1,090 Wes Die ee Fairly good. 155 | 16 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 3 1,180 Be) Ae jac Very good. . 87 | 10 Grades, Roadster ........---..+-+- 10 1,090 Be Ch ceacee Fair........ 244 8 Grades, German Coach...........- 2 1,400 Ore i Mesewssahacs Fair ss asexes 40 8 French and English Coach .......-. 2 1,250 OF: AM 0c Good SEEGER 72°) 343 Grades, English Coach..........-- 2} 1,250} 10 | All. ...| Fairly good. 96 | 10 Grades, French Canadian ........-. 8} 1,200 6 4 AUT: a.c¢ | BAAR aie ccre Sue 454 7 TOtal Bac. senaisccds Rae tele 64 3,592

$8 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65 Hastings—Concluded. Mares. Be “ an aa Be| s Aas a o eae: Townships. Se oF Type. 2g x 2 Zod ov © > 240g or on oo BREE fe, 2 ie Bon eet 2 > 4 <j <j <q SIUNEY ek edinauke ona 416 | Light, General Purpose and Drivers] 1,000!Medium; 12 Thurlow and Tyendinaga 796 | Majority light, General Purpose with a few Standard-breds of fair ; Quality. acu <sseee sss we eeeae 1,075|Fair....; 11 Hungerford............. 835 | Light General Purpose, some Stand- Z : ard-breds and Clydesdales ...... 1,150/Medium| 10 Elzevir, Madoc and Mar- 519 | Mostly General Purpose, a few mora Clydesdales and some Hackney ; jand Standard-breds ............ 1,100'Fair....| 10 Rawdon and Huntington 624 | Light General Purpose............. 1.150:Medium; 12 Dungannon, Monteagle and Wollaston ........ 402 Total........... 3,592 | . Margs Brep To DIFFERENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably seund. | Not serviceably sound. Stallions. oa SO 6 34 6 | oa S « 5S |sgit 58 | s g sf |g) g 22 | 68s Pa eee OF 23 |/883 tO as ga as q oo as age 58 50 iol qc 33a 3 > tet 3m 3 a oy a zi 4 a < a A “ . $ $ Registered Stallions... 26 1,677 20 1,429 12 6 248 l4 Grade Stallions ..... 38 1,915 32 1,709 8 6 206 a Totals .ds4 0% 64 3,592 52 S138 bec. s cea 12 HOE ioe ic aud

Very few of the horsemen spoken to hesitate to denounce the scrub stal« lion, and most of them speak of legislation against them as the only way otf overcoming this nuisance. Some think that.education through the Farmers’ Institutes would bring more business to the owners of well bred horses. There is much difference of opinion among farmers as to the proper definition of the word ‘‘scrub’’ as applied to stallions, and this question was much dis- cussed at the public meeting held at Madoc on October 17th. No recom- mendation was made by those present as the meeting was about evenly divided, half being in favor of legislation on the subject and the other half claiming that the Government should work along educational lines.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. — 89

PETERBOROUGH.

a As regards the townships of Belmont, Methuen, and Dummer in

ls county, the Inspectors report a decided improvement in the clasa of heavy horses inspected, ana there is evidence of more intelligent interest being taken by farmers in horse breeding. The ‘‘scrub’” is much com- plained of, however, and any legislation that will protect the owners of high class horses and encourage systematic breeding will be favorably re- ceived by most of the horsemen here. Stallion inspection and a license fee appear to be the only form of legislation considered likely to improve the present state of the horse industry. With but two exceptions, a Clydesdale and a Percheron, all the sires inspected were grades, viz., a Coach, Clydes- dale, Percheron, and two Standard-breds. One is not sound, but on the whole they average up fairly well. The maximum for stud fees is $10, and. minimum $5. Mares in these townships are a little better and heavier than in some of the other districts, but show no particular line of breeding with the exception of some grade Clydesdales. There are also a few registered mares of that breed. While there are a large number of light mares, there are not many high class drivers among them.

Peterborough town being adjacent to the townships of Otonabee and Asphodel, there are naturally a large number of stallions travelling in that section. Included in them are five pure-bred Clydesdales, and seven grades, eight pure-bred Shires, a German Coach horse, three pure-bred and two grade Standard-breds, a Percheron, a French Canadian, a pure-bred and a grade Hackney and a nondescript. There is a good deal uf unsoundness among these horses, and some, at least, should not be travelling on this account, and also for poor conformation. There are some good sires amongst them, however, and some have good reports about them as stock getters. There is a pretty wide range of fees from $5 to $15, the former for grades. Mares here show some improvement along draft lines, not too many are old and worn out and not suited to give the best results in breeding. Very few give evidence of breed quality, and most of them are too light to mate with heavy stallions. Here, again, horsemen are nearly all a unit in asking that steps be taken to banish the ‘“‘scrub’’ stallion, but opinions differ as to what action should be taken. Some would make reg- istration a necessary qualification for all stallions, while a large number seem to favor inspection of all stallions as well as their progeny. The fact that some registered stallions have been failures in the stud, while some unregistered horses are recognized in the community as excellent stock getters, is put forward as an argument against pedigree qualification being made the standard. Many express the conviction that educating farm- ers as to the advantages of line breeding and the proper mating of their mares should be. attempted before compulsory legislation is introduced.

The townships of North Monaghan, Smith, and Ennismore also bene- fit by the proximity of Peterborough, and no less than twenty-three stal- lions are found in this district. In this list are three pure-hred and six grade Clydesdales, three pure-bred and one grade Percheron, one Shire, four pure-bred and four grade Standard-breds and a grade Coach horse. Here, too, there is some unsoundness, but even among the grades there are some pretty goood, horses. Six dollars is the lowest stud fee and $15, the highest. Mares are of fair average quality, but the age average is too hich. The general purpose type of about 1,200 lbs. predominates, but there are a few Clydesdales and some good road mares. Stallion owners

90 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Peterborough—Continued.

complain that the best mares are used on the road, and the culls kept for breeding. The greatest hindrance to improvements is the cheap stallion. Owners of high priced horses are anxious for legislation to protect them. The amount of the fee carries more weight with some farmers than the quality of the stallion or suitability of the mare. Education is much needed along the lines of intelligent breeding and mating of mares. The major- ity of those spoken to favor stallion inspection, and quite a number advo- cate a license fee on all stallions. Opinions vary as to the amount of the fee, some thinking that $25 would be sufficient, others $100. High prices offered for horses have induced farmers to part with their good mares. The introduction of the cayeuse into this district has also lowered the standard as many farmers have been foolish enough to breed them.

Sv LLIONS.

ed.!

Clydesdales, Imported ............ Clydesdales, Canadian-bred........ Grades, Clydesdale................ Shires, Imported..................

2 All....| Fairly good. 215 13 6

14 9

PORCHERONE isha wc dys osecd een tej ahenndes 5 1,740

2 2 3 4 8

All....} Fairly good. 432 ll Oies ahdhh Fair Ne eavtey ices 576 8

= HCL O ATA ATR OD be

yee tueee Fairly good. 360 11 Grades, Percherons............... 1,550 All....| Fairly good. 115 9 Hackneys and Grades.............] 2 |........ Ale ovsse |) Pairs tea sacec 100 12 Standard-breds, Imported......... 990 inode Good....... 226 14 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 1,120 TA) Sieceeaa Pretty good. 141 12 Grades, Roadster.................. 1,150 Bn eae5s BIT) eos sei 148 8 German Coach and Grades (1 pure- bred; 2 grades)................ 3 | 1,450 13} All Fairly good. 269 10 Grades, French Canadians and those of no particular breeding...) 3 975 edhe fesse t Poor....... 21 7 TO tals ia wushsie gnc ee Coa Ving aoe 62 2,764 Manes. OO Nae a | a2 6 i 2 as a 2 a 3 Townships. 3 oor Type. E = & Keo" ov o [) Syke Se | 2 | & qe me BS 5 5 52.46 p Py > > a < <q < Belmont, Methuen and DUM MCP sisw cc aiesoos 324 | A few heavy, mostly light general _PUTPOB siete ee negates 5 1,200; Fair..... Eee Otonahee and Asphodel..| 1,256 | Mixed.....................0000008 1,200} Fair..... 12 North Monaghan, Smith ; Z and Ennismore....... L184: | Mixed? .14 sneneancs vee cious sac@ulnse 1,200| Fair..... 12 RO tails is. cede eu eames 2,764

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 91

Peterborough—Concluded.

Margs Brep To Dirrerent CLasses oF STALLIONS.

Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. oa |so . S# |o | os | Oo = 2° g ° q ° es) ha? BO Km? o HO nme © 32 |£25 | 28 | S89! ® 32 |) 82s) & as | age aS | eek] 83 as aSE | 83 5 @ Hac 5a 5 8.4 | pe 57 534.0 pe a a A A < va) q < ‘ ' $ $ Registered Stallions. 32 1,740 28 1,572 12 4 168 14 Grade Stallions...... 30 1,024 21 820 9 204 10 Totals.......... 62 2,764 49 2,302 Nie eacereie 13 DELI Cessestepanast

At the Peterborough meeting on October 24th, there was not a very large attendance owing to a severe thunderstorm that evening. A motion was carried favoring a standard of registration in the recognized stud book of the respective breeds in order to qualify stallions for service, and the majority were in favor of legislation to prevent ‘‘scrub”’ stallions doing business. Opinions varied as to the most profitable class of horse to breed, but the majority are breeding for the heavy horse market, and consider heavy horses most profitable. The syndicate system of ownership is not very popular. The opinion of many is that syndicate horses are purchased at prices much beyond their value. With very few exceptions, horsemen consider stallion inspection a good thing. This, and a license fee on all stallions seem to be the two principal methods suggested to improve the horse industry.

VICTORIA.

Two-thirds of the stallions standing for service in Emily township in this county are classified as sound, and, taken as a whole, they seem to be a fair lot. There are four registered Clydesdales and two grades, one of the latter being a cross on French stock, a cross occasionally found in this and adjoining counties; three Standard-breds and a grade, a Percheron, and a Thoroughbred. For most of these the fees range from $8 to $14. Ten being a common charge. Mares are medium, and of mixed type.

There is not much difference in the type of mares in Verulam town- ship, except that occasionally heavier ones are met with, but the general quality is only medium and average weight about 1,150 Ibs. In this town- ship is found what’ is rather rare, seven Suffolk Punch stallions. They are all in the one stable, all typical of the breed and sound. Besides these there are three pure-bred and two grade Clydesdales, three grade Standard-breds and two French horses, one unregistered. There are a few unsound horses, and, apart from the Suffolk Punch and some Clydesdales, there are not many good ones in the district. Five, eight, ten, twelve and fifteen dollars are some of the fees charged. In this section a number of horsemen express themselves as opposed to compulsory legislation in any form in. connection

i ing. with hile ne 6 in the townships of Fenelon and Somerville thirteen sires, some of these the Inspectors were unable to see, and therefor, there is

92 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 66

Victoria—Continued.

no report of such. Of those seen there were three pure-bred. Clydesdales, two of them imported, and two Standard-breds, one of these not being regis- tered, though eligible. They are a fairly good lot of horses, and their stud: fees are from $10 to $15. Mares are of mixed types, as elsewhere, and aver- age 1,250 lbs.

Mares in Ops township are fairly good, with a large percentage of draught type, averaging 1,300 lbs. There is a good percentage of Clydes- dale stallions located in Lindsay, all seven being pure-bred. Besides these there are four Standard-breds, two Coach horses, and a French Draught. No less than four are unsound and are unfit for service. The balance are fairly good. $10 is the minimum service fee, and $15 the highest except for a Standard-bred for which the fee is $25. Horsemen interviewed, expressed opinions similar to those already given; while the majority favored stallion inspection, there are still quite a large number of breeders doubtful as to the wisdom of such legislation.

There is quite a noticeable improvement in the quality of both stallions and mares in Marposa township as compared with some of the districts pre- viously visited. While mares are of mixed breeding and very few conform to any particular type, still they average fairly well in quality and weight. There is no unsoundness reported amongst the stallions inspected, which comprise six pure and four grade Clydesdales and two Standarl-bred grades and a grade Thoroughbred. Service fees are only given in some cases and work out at $9 to $15. Some of these stallions only stand at their own stables. Inspection and license on stallions .seem to be the most favored form of legislation.

The stallions in Eldon township are not so good as they might be, with perhaps, three exceptions. Heavy horses are most popular. <A lack of good mares and the patronizing of unsuitable stallions hinder improvement. The majority of horsemen favor a stallion Inspection Act as a means to improve tbe horse industry. There are five Canadian-bred Clydesdales and a grade, a Standard-bred and a grade in this district, besides two that the Inspectors were unable to examine. One horse hag passed his usefulness, but has been a good one.

The following suggestions made in writing to Inspectors by a horseman of this county are given here in full:

“There are two or three things a Government measure ought to deal with most stringently. One is unsoundness, whether acquired or otherwise. Unsound horses should not be allowed to do business, even should their breeding be all that is required. No license should be granted, and if their owners are known to collect fees, make it hot for them.

“The inspection made by a competent Inspector.

“T think too it is highly important that the Government define clearly the standard of character required. I am inclined to think it would not be wise to place that standard too high at first, but say in four or five years, by a gradual process of thinning out, reach a standard equal to or higher than our Associations require. /

“My reasons are that a great number of men have purchased stallions

for next year’s service that will not begin to reach what is required by either the Clydesdale or Shire Associations. In these cases it would be a

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 93 a Sa

Victoria—Continued.

great hardship if they were refused a license. Again, if the standard is placed high at first the licenses might be too few forthe amount of service required, I do most strongly deprecate crowding a horse for all he is worth. Sixty or seventy mares ought to be the limit, and I would be an advocate for keeping the service down to this limit. Let a register of service be pro- duced at the time of obtaining the license, and if service exceeds, withhold license. Again, let the Act say to those importing, ‘You will not be able to obtain a license unless your horse comes up at least to the standard requir- ed by our associations; importation alone will not count.’ This is a most

important point and, if enforced, would I think, be the greatest boon to this ' business.

“In this section we have been confining ourselves principally (75 per cent.) to the Clydesdale and Shire, and I think perhaps we have some speci- mens of these las good as are to be found anywhere, but they are few. The reason is not far to look for. Although using imported stock this stock has not been of any higher character, and in very many cases, a good deal lower than the mares bred. As an instance, three years ago an imported horse was syndicated to the west to me, and I was approached to use my mares. They handed me his card, and I immediately found that he had but one cross on his dam’s side, his being only the second cross. Now this horse cost about $2,500. That, with the fact that it was imported, brought to it some of the best mares. Can you look for improvement under such circumstances. We want to stop the introduction of such short pedigreed stock.

“‘Now in the case of Standard-breds I think that breeding (straight line) alone should count. There is no class of horses that needs such drastic measures applied as this class. Observation convinces me that but little improvement has been made, if any, in the appearance and gait of our Road and Carriage class for very many years, and if it is only through straight pure-breeding we get improvement in other breeds it cannot be otherwise in this class. Let us have a clear well defined law of registration along this line.

“Now as to license, I am of the opinion that it would be the wrong way of doing things to place a high license on the ‘good horse’. Put it on the other horse. Those are the ones we want to get rid of, and I would grade up his license according to his character, making it as prohibitory as possible. If you place a high license on the good horse, of course he must increase his fee. Now, while I would willingly pay a good large fee for good service, my neighbor says ‘Well, if I have to give that I simply cannot afford it,’ and the consequence is he does not breed. ‘Now that would be a great hard- ship and likewise a misfortune. My idea is to strive to keep the good ser- vice down as.low as possible, and the poorer service up so near to it that the difference of fee would be so trifling as not to be considered or valued. If we can only get there we will be on the forward march.

“Again, I think it would be a good idea to ‘publish a list of all the horses licensed to do-service, in the local papers, this to be sent in by the Inspector and vouched for by him. This would act asa check on unlicensed service, assuming this service to be punishable.

“I would make it compulsory to have a certified copy of the character and inspection and name of the horse on the bills or whatever advertising medium he had. I think a commission ought to be appointed in every dis-

94 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Victoria—Continued.

trict to inspect and issue licenses, the commission to sit in different places in the district; those days to be advertised in the local papers long enough ahead so that all could know and be prepared for it. The commission to consist of say four farmers well known as good stock men, and men with backbone enough to say what they think. The vote to be taken by ballot.

“Every sire receiving a license should be minutely described, etc., and the places of service given with owner’s name, groom’s name, amount of fee. As for the lien, I do not think it worth much.’’

9 STALLIONs. S| > : ete Breedin, He mers c od ® # ned |o8 2 & |weg| & | 85 ee | £42 | Se q a2e 8 BE @ 9.2 feug |S =) pF RA > B a > OD 5 O@ > @D 24 | <4 <q a) < a < Clydesdales, Imported ........... 8 1,700 6] All....| Fairly good. 554 | 15 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 22 | 1,560 Bel NB) eal OAT... teas 971 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale............... 8 1,195 Ge) Tiaes ies Pal Pas cccssins 213 f Percherons and French Draught .. 2| 1,750 Gis secon POOT 22 wanes 71 8 Suffolk Punch: yi sche 4 sects dn ee aie 7 | 1,455 3 | All Fair...... BT snes Standard-breds, Imported ........ 6 950 15 | All Ott Secale 290 | 15 Roadsters, Canadian-bred ........ 3 | 1,150 6 | All al P ccs eters 184 | 12 Grades, Roadster................. 8 1,100 |i. We asaceceneah Bait’. srrcd sis 267 8 Thoroughbreds and Grades ....... 2 thawte tears Le Le aeinters Paites cacscslee cess Cleveland Bay ...............000. 2 1,500 7 | All Good....... 140 | 10 French Canadians and Grades .... 2] 1,200 7) All ALP sss enero 111} 10 Unenumerated............s00eeee 8 Potals: ec cere nvnnwees 78 - 2,868 Mares. ge i ee P| E as 2 3 Townships. S oe Type. Ey ea 2 5— 26 Se | Sx | & 25 BE ss os s geAas &°e §3 @ pPonr) > Py > oO > a <j < <q PUY 3. cece ieee Baas B78) «| MIROY 4 atest hh ee nae 4 Riel Rates ek 3 1,100 | Medium is Verlant van sue aces 708: |) Miimed co 5 see etn cg nee aoa ete eeaa$ 1,150 | Medium .| 13 Fenelon and Somerville BOO i ERO sideneey cuits dscns eouahactaun are g 1,250 | Medium .! 10 OD Bisset ed eae MR eae eee ees B18: 3 MA ROG LS 2 saasoi-d cinectceacds 8 cacheesalnelelulaadecreie's 1,300 | Fair..... 10 Mariposa; ccd cca yx ayes DOF 23} MAROG. "onlic.e? soasicereansuestenavistecy 34 hactone 1,250 | Fair..... EL, HOM, ec. 3 spre er eayneee 208: | Mined ceiiexncms sede wean Get eacn ey 1,300} Fair..... 10 sl Wo) ere eee ere 2,868 |

1906

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 95

Victoria—Concluded.

Mares Brep To Dirrerent CLasses or STALLIONS.

Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions, : g ‘S “8 S g S _8 . © z 2 as 2 aa (See | 22 [222] fy | ea |ea2| fe gf |8ss i #8 | 885] ss gg | Bas | 82 q a a a <q 4 zi < : : $ : * Registered Stallions . 52 2,312 45 1,975 12 7 337 9 Grade Stallions ..... 18 556 16 421 8 2 135 8 Unenumerated...... 8 ss Totals asin iccas 78 2,868 61 2,396 restnents 9 AT2. islea ees 2

The meeting held in the Council Chamber, Lindsay, for the county of

Victoria on October 31st, was not very largely attended, about twenty-five being present.

. Several suggestions were made regarding licensing and line breeding. Some favored an inspection of the stallions, others opposed it. There was also a division of opinion as to syndicating stallions. Upon a vote being taken it was found that a majority of those in attendance were in favor of an Inspection Act.

DurwaM.

The Inspectors state that the breeders are paying a good ‘eal 7f at- tention to selection of their stallions and improving the quality sf t1eir mares along draught lines, but the light horse breeding is suffering for want of a better class of mares and more careful mating.

The mares in the townships of Hope and South Monaghan ore chiefly of Clydesdale blood, with a few of road and general purpose type. They average about 1,400 Ibs. in weight, and are of fair quality. The sires in this neighborhood consist of three Standard-breds, two unrecorded, three Clydesdales, an imported Shire, a grade Coach, and a German Coach grade, Two-thirds of them qualify as regards soundness, but average conformation is only just fair. Stud fees are $7, $10 and $15.

The townships of Cavan and Manvers are well supplied with Clydes- dale stallions of good average quality, also with Hackneys, Percherons, and Standard-breds. First class mares are much needed for improving the general average of the stock. The number of stallions here is consid- erably increased on account of the presence of a large number of imported horses in stables at Millbrook. Clyesdales number, pure-breds 25, grades 2; Hackneys 12; Percherons 4 and Standard-breds 4. There is too large a proportion of unsoundness, but there are some good horses both among the imported and Canadian-bred ones. Many of the sires being recently imported for sale do not stand for service. Service fees run from $7 to $15.

96 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 68

Durham—Continued.

Cartwright township has nine stallions within its hmits comprising three registered and two grade Clydesdales, a registered Standard-bred and two grades und a French Canadian. They are all serviceably sound and of good average conformation. There is not a wide range of service fees which are $8 and $10. Mixed breeding is the rule among the mares

here, but there are a few registered Clydsdales. The average weight is 1,200 Ibs.

Bowmanville being in Darlington township, naturally swells the total stallions for this section, among which are some excellent horses. With three exceptions there is no unsoundness recorded against the nineteen stal- lions, of which six are registered and three unregistered Clydesdales, four Hackneys, four Standard-breds and a grade, and a Percheron. The maximum stud fee is $25 for a Hackney and minimum $10. Among the draught mares in this township are some very good animals, and the aver- age quality is fair. Hackney mares are fair in quality, but other light types are poor. The general average is 1,250 Ibs.

In Clarke township the breeds represented by stallions are Clydesdale, Percheron, Suffolk Punch, Hackney, and Standard-bred. Four stallions were not seen and their breeding is not given. Of Clydesdales there are five, Percherons one, Suffolk Punch one, Hackneys two, and Standard-breds two. All are pure-bred and sound and their average conformation is fairly good. From $8 to $15 is the variation in service fees. As to the mares they are of a mixed type averaging in weight 1,250 Ibs., those of draugat type being good in quality, but light type are only medium.

SrALLions. | & | & # ‘ E i K ott "3 a Be D Breeding. 3 oe é So 5 g SS < 3 28 Sos Beee| 2b Bs sso | 255 155 Ss > Fo > 5 Q pos gs°0@ ip @ a <q <q wD < a < ; $ Clydesdales, Imported............ 28 1,600 Bh fl Bale oie Fairly good.} 1,926 | 12 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 16 1,650 5) All....) Fairly good.| * "901 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale. .............. 6 | 1,280 3] Ox vess Pretty good. 214] 9 Shires, Imported and Suffolk Punch 21 1,600 0 y AV Ls.) Bair ce ves 218 | 12 PerecNeTONBeoe.ae-sic spouse oe ead hes 5 1,600 3] All LOC ene 185 | 12 Hackneys, Imported ............. 17 1,160 a ins bee Good....... 378 | 15 Hackneys, Canadian-bred ........ 1 1,200 4 | All Good....... 50 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported......... 6 | 1,030 10: | Biss Fairly good. 152 | 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 6] 1,125 12 | All....| Fairly good. 361 | 10 Grades, Roadater........ 0 ...... 5 1,300 Odie aera’ Only fair... 40 | 10 Grades, German and English Coach, and French-Canadian........... 3} 1,375 | 109 | All....! Pretty good. 129 | 8 Unenumerated............2...26. 4 Totals... 002... c eee eee ee 99 4,554

\

1806 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 97

4

‘:

Durham—Concluded.

oe ee Te Mares. | we 4 ; a. - | z.e 1 we i g ; aoe. Slt) ge: 4 at. ae co el Townships. Ogee Type. = “ 3, Bn ® {OE 1 Se bo | Bp £0 Be a) x fog GR a5 : Se & D sone ian > re 4 “4 a a eS ans Hope and 8. Monaghan. . 269) |} Mostly dtaughit: <2y sesancusus ve: 1,400 | Fair..... | 10 Cavan and Manvers .....| 2,015 | Mostly draught ................... 1,400) Fair..... p dal Cartwright ... 2.2.2.0... 478 | Mixed...... ee ee echt meee » 1,200; Medium .| 10 Darling tony vcr aance esas os 877 | Mostly draught, some Hackneys ani} j Standard-bred..............0 0... 1,250 | Fair..... 10 Clark@vccwss, shiek foedes 920). | MAREE. jo avsisemnaie eo a aceecuanacede we be 1,250 | Draughts, | good ; Roadsters, | Medium) 10 * MOtAl e aces.aayiesseaeek | 4,554 | | Maines Brep to Dirreres CLAsses OF STALLIONS. ; Total. Serviceably sound. | Not serviceably sound. Stailli ‘aad [se . | w a |s Fic cc oe Stallions. og o 6 og So 6 [ 28 fe oe HO Har Bo Hae sob) a a a Ch v Be (ees | 82 | eho) & 8 Be eta) Be. ae |es2 || eS jge2| §s as |Ss8) Es 5 Baa 5a | 3d.0 2k | Se , See oS y, ae i, 3G a <q 1 4 e a $i Lr s Registered Stallions..| 81 | 4,171 | 68 | 3,909; 10 || 18 ; 282 1 ‘Grade Stallions...... 14 383 12 350 9 r 2 33 8 Unenumerated...... 4 | eee — | TOtalS sess asieiete 49 4,554 80. 4,259 0.2.0... I 15 295

At the public meeting held at Orono, November 9th, Mr. Thos. Cowan, Orono, moved, seconded by Mr. H. C. Hoar, Hampton, ‘That a tax of $100 be levied on all unregistered stallions kept for service, and that reg- istered stallions be inspected and be required to measure up to a proper standard of quality, soundness, and conformation in order obtain a permit to be used as stock horses.’’? -Carried unanimously.

NorTHUMBERLAND.

Coming to Northumberland county the first townships visited were Hamilton and Haldimand. Some of the stallions found here are good, but too many are not of a quality to improve the horse standard. Patronage of inferior stallions and breeding from inferior mares appear to be the most serious hindrance to improved conditions. Here, too, the majority of horse- men are in favor of a Stallion Inspection Act. The stallions are twenty in number, being ten pure-bred Clydesdales, three grades of same blood crossed with French. two Shire grades, a Percheron, a Standard-bred, and two grades, and a grade Thoroughbred. Their average conformation is only fair. Service fees range from $8 to 15. As regards mares, those of Clydesdale type are good, but lighter stock is inferior.

7 HOB,

98 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Northumberland—Continued.

The tendency of the sires in Cramabe township is towards the light breeds, there being six Standard-breds, two Hackneys, two Clydesdales, a Shire and two Percherons. It cannot be said that the average is good, although there are a few horses of nice quality, and the stud fees are not lower than $10 and as high as $15 and $25. The mares here do not scale over 1,200 Ibs. on the average, and are rather an inferior class. ‘“There is much room for improvement,’’ say the Inspectors, and a hesitancy on the part of many farmers to breed their best mares seems to be one of the diffi- culties. Stallion inspection and more education along the lines of systematic breeding are among the suggested means of improvement.

There are rather more heavy sires in Percy and Seymour townships than in the last named, the proportion of heavy to light being about equal. There is considerable unsoundness, however, reported and average quality is not very high. Minimum stud fees are $5 in one case, and the general amount is from $8 to $16. Mares are, with few exceptions not of any parti- cular type. The majority of the heavier class lack size and the lighter ones substance. Breeders in this section, as a rule, are ready to favor any legis- lation that will encourage improvement in stallions imported.

In too many cases much injury is being caused by inferior registered and imported stallions which do not compare as favorably as they should with the grade, either individually or by their progeny.

In Brighton and Murray townships more young mares have been bred lately, but there are still too many unsound and inferior ones being bred for improvement to be rapid. Their type is mixed, being on the average not above 1,100 lbs. and quality is medium. There are nine grade stallions in this section to three pure-breds, these latter being all Clydesdales. The grades are made up of the following breeding; Clydesdales four. Percheron one, Standard-breds three (one, it is claimed, being entitled to record), and Trench one. The highest service fee is $10 and lowest $5. Two, at least, are unsound.

STALLIONS.

| ee | ie | oOo | Eq i r oer ae Be ie opi! se Breeding. 8 bsp £ & | se bo 2 5 53 See gig@o! 5 ! Fe! 88 825 | 55 5s SEG bo) Re | pe Baw) Bw

Shires, Imported and Grades (1

pure-bred ; 3 Grades) ........... 4] 1,500 6 | All....| Fairly good.| » 178 | 12 Percherons, Imported and Grades

(2 pure-bred ; 2 Grades) ........ 4 1,335 BB cet Fail e ssez oa 198 | 11 Hackneys, Imported.............. 3 1,365 8 Allicss..| aiPee ss eee. 105 | 14 Standard-breds, Imported......... 9) 1,025 TO! eS czhaces Fairly good. 406 | 17 Grades (Roadster and Thorough-

bred) (8 Roadsters; 1 Thorough-

Wyre ds) e037 sas op caidsniatas ceca deen 9 965 Dae eee Bale Saas 250 8 Grades, French Canadian.......... 3 1,350 TD | All ancecal | Mat. ofs'a ea ee 170 10 Mixed Breeding ia isc0 5505 seen 4 1,600 aan perarer Goodss2¢%0: 12 5

TGtilen o.qhavdaares sacs pow caeun 62 3,181

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. “99

N orthumberland—Concluded.

Mares. m Be = ee an as e ie e 1 Pie web 3 7 : wee v 5 & Township. 3 23-5 Type. ? Eg S = B34 foe & % oR ‘Ss gees ee; 6 16 5 O45 paney 4 S 4 < <q <a Hamilton and Haldimand 1,141 | Mixed... ae suites ei h theta sod 1,300 | Tair. ...] 10 Cramabe................ ASE I MARE sescsetcsjcvece vs channnianninao sere 1,200 | Fair..... 11 Percy and Seymour...... 993 | Mostly general purpose ........... 1,200 | Poor ....) 10. Brighton and Murray... 963) | “Maxedirryconuccs eet soca epuen Gtebsale id 1,100 | Medium .| 11 d Yo} 1 Ga ane rar 3,131 Mares Brep To Dirrerent Ciasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. oH |S oa 1 'e 4 ae = a ae g T wy _ m _ w = p Ee | 28, 82 |Bfy! ® | Be | BBS) 8 BS | eee] as | ess 5 BE i gees 8 32 5 82 54 3 aa > 7 3 Aa > a ia A 4 <4 A A <t : : $ $ Registered Stallions.. 32 1,907 28 1,547 12 4 360 12 Grade Stallions...... 30 1,224 26 1,122 9 4 102 5 Totals. c. saecsis 62 3,131 54 25660! Noss “cases 8 AG 2) Weed evs

The public meeting for the county of Northumberland was held at Brighton on November 15th, and after discussion a motion was carried favoring inspection of all recognized breeds: ‘“‘That all stallions kept for service be required to pay a tax of $25; that the minimum fee charged for ser- vice should be $10 a mare; and that a Lien Act be passed to give the stallion owner a lien on the mare and foal until the service fee for sire of foal be

aid.” : ; Prince Epwasgp.

In the townships of Hallowell and North and South Marysborough there are twenty- four stallions altogether, which include two imported Percher- ons and two grades, a pure-bred and three grade Clydesdales, a French grade, six Standard-breds and six grades, a German Coach horse, a Carriage horse and a Hackney. Some are too advanced in age to be of much use as sires, and again others are unsound. Altogether they cannot be described as a good average lot, although, as elsewhere, there are some good ones among them. Twenty-five dollars is quoted as the fee for a Standard-bred, but the general fee ranges from $15 to as low as $5. Mares are of a very mixed type, not over 1,100 Ibs. in weight on the average, and their quality is poor. A few good ones are found here and there. Some of the stallion owners favor a stallion Inspection Act, but quite a number are indifferent, while others think that legislation is entirely unnecessary.

100 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Prince td ward—Continued.

Mares are no improvement in Hillier township, being poor and very mixed in type. Stallions, too, are not a good lot, with very few exceptions. All are grades except an imported Clydesdale and a Percheron, and are as follows: one grade Clydesdale, two grade Standard-breds, a grade Shire, and two French grades. heir fees run from $8 to $15.

Of the five stallions in Ameliasburg township, four are grades and on’ a Canadian-bred registered Clydesdale. Three of the grades are of Standard-bred blood and one Percheron. They are a fair average lot. Five to ten dollars is the range of the fees. Mares are a little heavier here and somewhat better in quality. :

Sophiasburg has also just five stallions, one a registered Standard-bred, one a grade of same breeding, a Clydesdale and Carriage grade, and two Percheron grades. Three are sound, but there is plenty of room for im- provement all round. Service fees are $7 and $8. Mares average the same as in the township previous.

STALLIONS.

aia <q wD < za < 3

Clydesdales, Imported and Cana-

dian-bred (1 Imported, 2 Cana-

Gian Wred ) boca Potente ented os 3 1,650 GD ees : Fairly good., 223 | IL Grades, Clydesdale and Shire (5

Clydesdales, 1 Shire)............ 6 | 1,425 QO) | ecichatatsns WAIT < abscias 314 8 PerGherons. sees ee eee Fen wad 3 1,800 5 ag aero Baits cesar 235 13 Grades, Percheron............. iNracalhl “AQ; 1,370 Bet Beep sicets Faites sacs 278 fa Hackneys, Imported............. a ae 1,250 5 | All Good....... 80 15 Standard-breds, Imported........ ee 970 LO t Biviaree Fair........ 168 15 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 4 1,050 Jl | All. ...) Fairly good., 160-13 Grades, Roadster ............0 44. 11 1,090 Ol Pecan diniecs MALT 2 ecu : 271 ie Grades, German and English Coach} 2 | 1,325 Belt eas cates Fairly good. | 137; 10 Grades, French Canadian ....:....| 3 1,100 5; All. ...; Only fair. . £ 152 7

Totale...... ceeeeeeeee 42 201 | Mares. a

® & " :

aS Bz e A's os “Be 4 uy Qe o o Townships. eee a Type. By & ey HPOE oo ) 2 BZ BS ral 2 | # cl BSS 8) 5 | 8 Zi < < =

Hallowell, and South and :

North Marysburg..... 1,037 Mixed aia ay Gad Retwiees intitle doi teeetnciees 1,100!Poor...| 12 Mero sient arin Gers 552 | Mixed ...........--..04, deta wes 1,200|/Poor...} 11 Ameliasburg............ 179 Mixed sia hectic eres ea hea dials ogi NS 1,200/Medium| 12 Sophiasburg ............ O44 | MiKed: ¢ vscaceravacnted eee oboe xuctecdcks ' 1,200/Medium! 11

ROtih cs 4 oaedites 2,012

1906

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 101

Prince Edward—Concluded.

Mares Brep To Dirrerent CLAsses or STALLIONS.

| Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. | Sg ls g | og 3S og F ce cae m | 25 1289) 28 fig: Be | Be |eay) ee | ee eSe | Sa (BSe) Se p Se 1 gfe) 2S 1 5 @ | pa 532 | 542 Qe oe 5A > | 4 | A | 4 <4 4 a < -| | : . | Registered Stallions; 15 | _ 866 ae ag 12 3 149 13 Grade Stallions ..... | 287 ; 1,146) 18 ' 790 9 356 | 2 ° Totals. ....... 49 | 2,012 | 30 ABO is ) 2k BON liseli | 1

At the public meeting for the county of Prince Edward, held at Picton on November 30th, it was resolved! ‘“‘That this meeting favor stallion in- spection and a license fee on all stallions kept for stock purposes. That the stallion owners as a compensation for their license fee should be pro- tected by a Lien Act, giving them a claim on all the mares bred to their horses until fee for said service is paid.”’

SpecraL REPORT oF INSPECTORS.

As Inspectors having served in the investigation of horse industry of Ontario, we are convinced that a system of stallion inspection would be bene- ficial. The district through which we travelled has suffered from the prac- tice of selling off too many of the best mares and using unsaleable, and in too many cases, unsound mares for breeding. Another thing which has had a bad effect on the industry is the importation of inferior, and in some cases, unsound stallions. In our opinion no stallion should be admitted from Britain or any other country that is unsound or does not measure up to the standard of breeding we require from our own breeders. Secondly, we would suggest that a standard should be fixed requiring all stallions kept for ser- vice to be free from hereditary unsoundness. Thirdly, that all stallions that qualify should be granted a certificate and be protected in the collection of service fee by a lien on colt. Fourthly, that at Winter Fairs and at’ Farm-

cers’ Institute meetings the subject of horse breeding and the selection of sires should be enlarged upon and given more attention than heretofore.

In the hands of the average farmer the draught and general purpose horses are most profitable, but there are also several men who have well bred, warm blooded mares that are producing high class carriage and ed horses that sell for big prices. “he system of syndicate ownership has not been generally satisfactory. Under that system there is nearly always too much paid for the stallions, and in many cases cull horses are foisted on the’ purchasers. The time 1s ripe for some action to be taken by the Department. Horse breeders and farmers generally expect it.

(Signed.) J. G. Cuarr.

Jaues IrRvING.

DISTRICT NO. 7.

Counties.—Prescott, Russell, Carlton, Renfrew and Lanark.

Inspectors.—W. F. Kidd, Simcoe; and Geo. Gray, Newcastle.

PRESCOTT.

In the townships of Hast and West Hawkesbury there are sixteen stal- lions, two pure-bred and three grade Clydesdales, one pure-bred and two grade Percherons, a pure-bred Shire, three'pure-bred and two grade French Canadians, and a registered Standard-bred. All are serviceably sound and of good average conformation. The general average of service fees is very low, $5 being the figure for several; in two cases $10 are charged. One of the imported Clydesdales serving at the last named figure is marked as a very good horse. Mares are general purpose, and from that to very light, poor in quality, very few weighing over 1,150: lbs.

There are four grade stallions in Caledonia township, two being Clydes- dales, one being Standard-bred and the remaining one of no breeding what- soever. ‘lhe two heavy ones are best as regards conformation, but the Stan- dard-bred is fair in that respect. All are sound. In fact, only two really unsound horses were seen in this county. Fees are $5 in every instance. Mares are a very poor lot.

There are two pure-bred sires in South Plantagenet township, one each of the Clydesdale and the French Canadian breeds. The remaining seven are as follows: two Percheron grades, a Clydesdale grade, a Coach grade. two Standard-bred grades, and a cross-bred Pony and Coach. All qualify as to soundness, and the general average conformation is fair. The fee for the Pony-Coach stallion is $3, the lowest yet met with, and the highest fee is $7. Mares are light in type and poor in quality, showing no particular breeding. '

With six grade stallions in North Plantagenet township, four are of Clydesdale breeding and two of French Canadian stock, one of the latter having some Clydesdale blood. Not one is unsound, and they are of fair conformation and action. Stud fees are $5 and $6.‘ Mares are much the same as in the other townships of this county.

There is one pure-bred sire in Alfred township, an'‘imported Shire. The six grades are Clydesdales, two; Percherons, three; and Standard-breds, one. The fee for the Shire is $10; for the others $5, $6, and $7. They are of fair conformation all round.

Two Percheron grades, a Clydesdale grade, a Standard-bred grade, and a Thoroughbred grade make up the list of stallions for Longueil town- ship. Two here are unsound, and the general average conformation is not high. Fees are about the same as in the previous township, $5 and $6. Mares are poor and mostly light, with some general purpose.

[102]

1906

REPORT ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. _ 103 Prescott—Continued. - STALLIONS. 5 i a Sp iy 3 eo] ‘ ae a oS. | Qo, Breeding. u osu ) roy ok HE |o 8 . S | eee | 2 | 8s eo | Sas |e G8 | see! & at 9.9 Hud |oo is > EA, 5 3 n > O's 5SOW |} a aq | a < RN <j Zi 4 Clydesdales, Imported and Can-

adian-bred (2 imported, 1 Can- $

adian-bred).............0 000005 3} 1,700 7 | All. Good....... 241) 8 Grades, Clydesdale............... 13 | 1,455 De | Aes Fairly good. 451 | 6 Shires, Imported, and Percherons

(2 Shires, 1 Percheron)......... 3 1,750 7 | All. Fairly good. 180; 9 Grades, Percheron ............... 9 1,445 5 | All. Pall. cone 501 | 6 Standard-breds and Grades (1 Pure- :

bred ; 5 Grades) ......... 000.0. p 1,145] 11 | All Balt cccvaw. 86 | 7 Grades, Thoroughbred and Coach ;

(1 Thorough-bred, 2 Coach) .... 3!) 1,100 CN) iscececeness ALT cas weiss 3 97! 6 French Canadians................ 4 1,300 | AlL. Palryvs cesses 246 | 6 Grades, French Canadian......... 5 1,340 Gf Alleged) Maine ones gee 244) 6 No Particular Breeding........... 1 1,300 8 | All. DRAIEY beccatecens 16} 5

A OtalBiswSonih2 ess oeonee 47 2,062 Manes.

wm a ~ oO as . aS. 4 2 A Bo A 3 ‘g

Townships. 6 oS5 Type. a a ga 38 Be} & SB BE ea| ¢ EEE=ES $2. 2 Z < <q

East and West Hawkes- :

DUTY. oss eiesctatia eitstecant 894 | General Purpose and Light ............ 1,150 | Poor .... Caledonia’ ...sccaaine aes 145 | General Purpose and Light ............ 1,150} Poor.... South Plantagenet ...... 438 | Light, no particular breeding ........ 1,150) Poor .... North Plantagenet ...... 182 | Light, no particular breeding .......... 1,150 | Poor ....,. AVP OD a sccieg ts via hie en 217 | Light, no particular breeding .......... 1,150 | Poor .... Longueil ........-.0eeee 186 | Light, no particular breeding .......... 1,150; Poor....

Total. adie csests 2,062 Mares Brep to DirFERENT CLASsEs oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. e A : ak f a - gs 2 2 3 rn 2 2 S35 R2Qo oo 2g 3S eo aes SS ga | g@88 | ade | ase] 38 as | ese) se 2S | 585 |) sa | sRo |) FS sa }5H9 |) Se. A A a a <q a a qq. pf 679 5 , Registered Stallions 11 679 WD) S609 H)) 8 il tees’ esloa- sa awailccuus acc Grade Stallions ..... 36 | 1,383 34 | 1,298 6 85 ll Qo talas:.avucniaases 47 2,062 45 VOLE We sacc-tbce dus 2 80) [dass 'ee oe

104 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 66

Prescott—Concluded.

There were 35 present at the meeting for the county of Prescott which was held at Vankleek Hill on October 13th. Those present were rather unwilling to express their ideas on the subject of stallions. Thirteen were in favor of giving certificates to registered, sound horses up to a certain standard of excellence. Nine were in favor of no stallion being permitted to travel unless licensed. A few were in favor of good grade stallions also being granted certificates. There was a strong fecling that something should be done. It was found’that a great many stallions are being registered in some French Canadian book. As far as we can find out any light stallion can be'registered for about $20.

RUSSELL.

Russell township is well stocked with stallions, and there are some ex- cellent imported Clydesdales among them, while there are good ones among other breeds and all are sound. Twelve out of the nineteen are imported Clydesdales. The rest comprise a grade Clydesdale, a grade Shire, two grade Standard-breds, a grade Percheron and two French Canadian grades. There is one old horse; the rest are of a good breeding age. Service fees are $6 to $10.

So fer as the Inspectors could ascertain, there are very few good mares in Clarence township, and those seen were of a very poor type. As regards the stallions there are two Clydesdales, two Hackneys, a Standard-bred, aud a French Canadian, all pure-bred, a French Canadian grade, and a grade of nondescript breeding. Besides these, a French Canadian grade stood for service last year, but died in August last. All are of good average con- formation, and all serviceably sound. One French Canadian grade stands for $3, and another grade for $4. With these exceptions fees run from $8 to $20. :

There are three unsound sires among the thirteen standing for ser- vice in Cambridge township, and all are grades of the following breeds: Clydesdale, five; French Canadian, four; Standard-bred, one; Arabian, one; Belgian, one; no particular breeding, one. In conformation they stand fairly good on the average. Three of them have not travelled as yet. The maximum service fee is $8, and the minimum $4.

STALLIONS. = : gs a we) 2 1S. S28 Ve 2! 8 B. | Oieiee 2 Sr oa unt. o® Breeding. & ap 5 a 3 a a = 3B oe DPE eee.) 2 | ee eS San ' 8% = e. cal wo Phe Sam) fa “a | <d ca a = aa | Clvdesdales, Imported ............ 12 1,700 4) All Fairly good. 910 10 Clydezdales, Canadian-bred........ 2 1,600 11} All. GOOCs esas: po. | 9 Grades, Clvdesdale.............+. 6 1,480 Pil Baga ees Fairly good. 2501 7 Grades, Percheron, Shire and Belgian (1 Percheron; 1 Shire ; | 1 Beleian) ss 2s sxeeeceiwas Rie Satee 3.) 1,750 9. | AM) | GQOOds ace vs 238 | 7 Hackneys. Imported.............- 2 1,085 33; All....| Good....... 16; 20 Standard-breds, Imported......... 1}. 1,075 IE | ASM Scacee | GIO OC ease cays 40} 12 Grades, Roadster and Arabian (3 | Roadsters; 1 Arabian Grade)....| 4 1,050 4‘ All....| Fairly good. 59 | 5 French-Canadian and Grades (1 ' ; French-Canadian ; 8 Grades)....) 9 1,210 i nero eer Fairly good.! 574 | 6 No particular breeding ..........-. 2 1,050 eNO Moos ae aca HEED bh eee 29 5 POLAIS: S55 Sind Gas aor ee ah oS 41 2,359

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 105

R ussell—Concluded.

ALARES. * rae, mn tees sen a , zs = 2, eps 2 Z Townships. 2 oe Type. es 5 5 S 3 = ' ors o ABR: BE z i I FBaS ) 8S cy Seas ave | < Ps —| | Russells caccay geen evan 1,374 | Some Pure-bred Clydesdales ;...... 1,450 to 1,500: P : , Poor THB taweaviolso cue taawandanas ar 1,150 | Clatence acu ceeiaeen asa! AOA SPOOR cost su vtestis Ses ale Saha Rasa gettin Sata Mice [fname tna Poor Cambridge.............. AGE ROOK atch au ninco orbs dre vee nde wis 3 cen baka aniame intel Poor Totale eee cessed 2,332 | y Manes Brep Tro Dirrerenr CLissex or STALLIONs. = _ — 7 * | Total. Serviceably sound. | Not serviceably sound. boxing eed fete Ce Ma pau i ' l | 5 ‘| | ; Stallions. Se 2) Se Se Be ee ee (eects) oe poet a ee fa 283 | 82 885, B | Be | Eis] & ‘gs 1822] es .g3£| § | ge |Baz: 8 [ 2? (25= Se [ase] f i ae tee , & a A 4 ; go we 1 Zi bi ag = a Hi Registered Stallions. .| 18 | 1,804 18 1,304 | LAG a tetashaete ae 2 ees Grade Stallions...... ; 23 | 1,028 20 999 | 8 | 3 29 6 ; i | ‘ Totals...... 0... : 41 | 2,332 ee ieee i Bi ET BUS casa eda { | i

The meeting for the county of Russell was held at Russell on October 22nd, but was not very well attended on account of the bad roads after heavy rain, which prevented many being present who would otherwise have been in attendance. There were twenty-four stallion owners and breeders present. Great interest was taken in the discussion. All con- sidered the investigation of the horse industry a step in the right direction. Some spoke about the poor quality of many of the stallions, and consid- ered them quite unfit to breed to mares. Seventeen expressed themselves as in favor of licensing all stallions, and that only sound pure-bred horses up to a certain standard of excellence should be granted the license.

The reasons given at the meeting why there were so few good mares in the county were that when horses were so cheap, anything’ good enough to sell was sold. Many, too, of the farmers have sons in the northwest, and these wovld take a pair of good mares from the old home or neighborhood, and the -ld mares were the only ones left to breed from.

106 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

CARLETON.

Taking the township of Gloucester, the Inspectors found in Ottawa and the adjoining sections ten sires which travelled in this township. There are three pure-bred Clydesdales, (two of them lately imported), three grades of that breed, an imported Hackney, a registered Standard- bred, and two pure-bred Belgians. Two of them are not entitled to be rated as sound, but average conformation is pretty good. They stand at fees varying from $7 to $10. There are a few fair agricultural mares, but on the whole they are under 1,100 lbs. and of poor quality. — ;

There were only three stallions seen in Osgoode township, and, with one exception they are not of great value. They are an imported Shire, a Canadian-bred and a grade Clydesdale. Eight dollars and $10 are quoted as service fees. What has been said of the mares in Gloucester township will apply to this.

In Nepean township there are about 75 registered Clydesdales and Shires, mares and fillies. Many of the remaining mares are agricultural in type, weighing about 1,200 lbs. There are some light ones. Stallions found here belong to the following breeds; Clydesdales, two, pure-bred; Percherons, two, both grades; a Belgian pure-bred, and a pure-bred Stan- dard-bred. They are a pretty good lot, all sound, and fees vary from $7 to $10.

There are seven stallions in North Gower township, consisting of two pure-bred and two grade Clydesdales, a pure-bred and grade Percheron, and a registered Standard-bred. Five are sound, and the majority are of geood conformation. Six dollars, $7 and $10 are the fees charged.

In Goulbourne, as in the two previous townships, there are a few reg- istered Clydesdale mares and fillies, but the bulk are agricultural and light. Out of the seven sires here two only, both Clydesdales, are reg- istered. Three of that breeding are grades and so are two of Standard- bred blood. Six-sevenths are sound and average conformation is fairly. good. The maximum fee here does not seem to exceed 310, the cheapest being $6.

Mares in Huntley township are an improvement on those in previous townships, and nearly every farm has good teams. The average weight will be about 1,400 Iks. and over. There are a few registered Clydesdales. Horse interests are looked after by seven pure-bred and three grade Clydesdales, a Percheron, a Hackney, four Standard-breds, (three being grades), and a grade Thoroughbred. No less than five are unsound, but rather more than half are rated good as regards conformation. Starting at $5, service fees in one instance reach $15. In one case it is said that the owner will take anything from $1 to $6.

In March township two stallions were inspected, one an imported Clydesdale, a good one, and a Standard-bred. Both have good conform- ation. The stud fees are $10 and $6 respectively. There are twenty reg- istered mares and fillies in this townships, several agricultural, and a num- ber of general purpose type.

In Fitzroy township mares are much the same in type and quality as in March township. There are about 15 registered Clydesdale mares and fillies here, but the majority are agricultural and general purpose. AII the five stallions in this township are sound and of pretty good conformation. They are made up of two pure Canadian-bred Clydesdales and a grade; and ene grade of Percheron and one of Standard-bred blood. Stud fees are $6, S7, 88 and $10.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 107

Carle ton—Continued.

The city of Ottawa has seven stallions, all pure-bred, and all, with the

exception of a Canadian-bred Clydesdale, are registered Standard-breds.

Nl except one inspected were serviceably sound, and all but one stood for a service of $10, one being quoted at $25. .

STALLIONS. j ae ‘ Breedi 2 o | 2 eg ae z g reeding,. bal Vg o ro 08 ow o2 : 2|%5s| 2 | 2 | Ba | SEE) & dj; ogee 8 ae) oo gaa] 5-28 3 > BA, > m Dm bo g fs| @Q > an a | a < D <4 a < $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ (fal ies Bets} 0g am a A Good....... 576 | 10 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred........ 138 1,700 Bel! Redeas cea Fairly good. 904 9 Grades, Clydesdale ............... 13 1,470 7 cam ae eer BAT faa nce 656 6 Shires and Percherons (1 Shire, 2 paar alk RTs Aedee 4 he acenanoter raters 3 1,800 441 2...... God vise scaes 240 | 10 Grades, Percheron............... | 4] 1,575 9% | All COO oss 3 eceudss 210 8 Bel Sans ut suivccand eh araiddcnacn! 3 1,975 C WS2 saeco TRAIT caje Bsiacses 295 9 Hackneys, Imported ........... ..-{| 2] 1,200 4 | All Good.... .. 75 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported......... 4 1,225 eS ee Fairly good. 225 | 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 7 | 1,200 Del Civatvntes Fairly good. ‘874 7 Grades, Roadster and Thoroughbred . ; (6 Roadsters, 1 Thoroughbred)..| 7 1,210 BoB es paseo Fairly good. 263 9 PL OLAS aot sats hersenc yore aan 64 3,812 Margs, $8 : / HOS Ss i Aas e) z OH £ moler D 3 Townships. cogs Type. E a a3 4 Se % Spee ES 5 5a.98 2a 2 aq < at se Risitinae satens aul 468 | Some registered Clydesdales NeEeHR and Shires, balance agricul- tural and light ... soe 1,200 Medium. signee asneteae ns "320 | Mostly draught; a few regis- aa ba Lod Reavy sss eca3 ae tee eens LOT eos desecpstel See 472 | Mostly light; a few agricultural ,100 oor. ae . ieadetrats ae Gunes 257 | Mostly light ; a few agricultural 1,100 Poor. Goulbourne...........+. 149 } Draught, agricultural and light 1,200 Medium. Huntley i204 waite ccey D276i) Drage ht <2 s.r i3.2-5-cssecusase acaysnedece 1,400 Good. Mare Din.coice aac tances 4 2% 170 | Some Draught, General Purpose ; 2 vite and Agricultural...... Eas 1,250 to 1,300} Fair. LUZLOV gage eyonatioweers 342 | A few registered Clydesdales, Euezey ie Agricultural and General : POr pose ngdesidecada ote ee ds 1,250 Fair. City of Ottawa.......... BOG. dicccsscice iorssas scape biraavesouansialcoee D406 caduiearael| ees aus waveralasa| aie meaeee oleate Totalsc 2224 cere 3,812

108 , REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 68

Carleton—Concluded.

Mares Brep tro Dirrrrent Ciasses oF STALLIONS.

Total. | Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. eae | STraLLIons, og 13 | cm.) Te se sa Sg a i) is ° Sg Sow £2 | 885 Be | S8e| &. | 28 | 28s) ? q's qszZ g's aeg ao q's qa na 5h 5 aS Be 58a oe 3a 5 4Ao Se A na a 4 < 4 A < _ $ $ Registered Stallions.. 40 2,683 29 1,860 10 il 823 8 Grade Stallions ..... 24 1,129 21 1,036 8 3 98 8 Totals sss4 e008 64 3,812 50 DOIG lenaistinens . 14 O16: acest sag

About fifty men were present at the public meeting for the county of Carleton, which was held at Stittsville on October 30th. A deep interest was taken in the work. Many expressed their ideas, and, apparently, all thought it a good move for the Department to take up the horse question. The uppermost thought seemed to be how to stop the use of scrub stallions. Twenty-seven men were in favor of stallions being licensed; none wished the matter left as itis. A resolution was passed that the grant be withheld from Agricultural Societies who gave prizes to grade stallions,

RENFREW.

In McNab township the Inspectors were unable to see two out of the eight stallions owned here. Of the six seen, one-third were not service- ably sound. They are equally divided into four pure-bred and four grades. To the former list belong a Standard-bred, two Clydesdales and a Percheron. To the latter just the same numbers of the same breeds. One Standard-bred had only recently been brought in. For the others the stud fees are $6, $7 and $10. Mares are general purpose and light in type, very few weigh- ing as much as 1,300 lbs.

There are four stallions in the town of Renfrew and in Horton town- ship adjoining. These are a pure-bred Clydesdale and Belgian, respectively, and a grade Standard-bred and a nondescript. All are sound and pretty good in conformation; of those in service $8 to $10 are the fees. Not much can be said about the mares in this section.

In Admaston township only one stallion was inspected, a pure-bred Percheron, which stands for service at §5.

In Westmeath the quality of the mares improves, and there are a num- ber of fair general purpose mares, as well as a few registered Clydesdales. There are the following sires in this township: two registered Standard- breds, a pure-bred Shire and two Percheron grades. One horse was sick and was not inspected. Three of the others were sound and two of them pretty good horses. Fees are about as usual in these townships, $6 to $8. °

Of the seven stallions owned in the town of Pembroke and standing in Pembroke township, all but two are registered, and have fair average con- formation. Clydesdales are represented by a grade, and there is a grade French Canadian. The pure-breds are one Percheron, two Standard-breds and a French Canadian. The fee of the grade French Canadian is given

as $2; others at $7, $10 and $26.

|

’

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 109

Renfrew—Continued. :

In Stafford, only one stallion was seen—a Percheron grade.

Stallion owners in Wilberforce township travel two pure-bred and one grade Clydesdale, a pure-bred Shire, a grade Percheron, a grade Coach, and a horse of no particular breeding. The pure-breds and the grade Per- cheron and Coach grade have good conformation. One grade is not sound. Only one owner charges $10 fees; the rest charge from $5 to $6.

Excepting a grade Clydesdale in Bromley township, which the In- spectors were unable to see, the four other sires are ‘a Clydesdale, Shire, and Percheron, and a grade Clydesdale.’ They are of fair average conforma- tion. Two cannot qualify for soundness. The service fee is highest for the Shire, viz., $10, the others stand for $5 and §$8..

Two grade stallions, both of French Canadian breeding, one being a Percheron cross, serve in the township of Ross. Only one was seen by the Inspectors, and it was sound and of good conformation, standing for service at $8, while the fee of the other was $5. Very few mares were met with . that could be called good. They are of a light type and of no particular breeding. The best mares are sold to the lumbermen. The Inspectors state that in this country they saw some really good stallions, and if these a well patronized, the result should be a considerable improvement in the uture. : ;

In the townships of Grattan, Hagarty, Ratcliffe and the districts adjoin- ing, but stationed principally at Eganville and Killaloe, there are seven- teen stallions, some of them quite good horses, and the majority of them serviceably sound. A number of them could not be seen by the Inspectors, but from reliable information furnished, those not seen work out a good average as regards conformation and also soundness. There is one syndi- cate horse. Clydesdales total three pure-breds and four grades; Shires, one pure-bred; Percherons, one pure-bred and two grades; Standard-breds, one pure-bred and two grades, and French Canadians three, two at least being grades. The maximum fee is $10, but the majority run from $8 down to $3, and in one case, anything between $1 and $3 is taken. The best mares seen were under 1,500 lbs., but they are very few in number; the majority are of a light general purpose type and of no particular breeding.

STALLIONS.

g > 8 : wu © = & @ 3 o © 5 BH — o 2 Breeding. 3 oP op ey 3 el op.8 qd Sak | Be g Bee @ Bo 39.2 Sad |S 3. > = > 5 2 5 OD pO lek az |< 4 D < Za 4a Clydesdales, Imported........ ... 6 | 1,730 | Duane Fairly good. 255 | $8 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 3] 1,540 5] 2...... Palit, sic cet 300} 6 Grades, Clydesdale.............+. 10 1,630 Ml heas oes 215 eee 789 | 5 Shires, Imported...........-..--- 4 | 1,785 7 | All Go00 s gccsas 377 | 8 Percherons.......55se00ee8s ecco kane 5 1,730 bib Ue ee Coe Good....... 489 | 8 Grades, Percheron .....-.....-+-- 7 | 1,450 Bo Gin: cu ae Pair ccigicuass.s 260 | 4 Bel Pang... ioe os ore onesies eae tee 1}; 2,100 6} All Good....... 86 | 10

Hackneys and Poatie Aeiiee oe

ted (1 Hackney, 1 Standard- ; Died). : ( suatglany 28 -o98 a sarees Sanus 2 1,200 8 | All Fair........ 76 | 12 Roadsters, Canadian-bred......... 5 1,090 Op] Ae cose Fair........ 85 | 4 . Grades, Roadster........---++-+-- | 4] 1,050 A Bica sie Pai tcnseecae: 95 | 7 Grades, Coach ............0.s0008- 1 1,500 15 | All....| Good....... 80| 6 French Canadiang................ 2 1,250 84) All....| Good....... 94} 8 Grades, French Canadian......... 5 1,370 10 | All....) Good. ..... 328 | 4 Grades, No Particular Breeding.... 2) 1,375 All....| Fair. veeees 141 | 5 Total secs e-« en cee eee 57 | 8,455

110 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Renfrew—Concluded.

Mares. w 2 yl Se 4 - i ico l oh Oe Gs i v = Townships. S eo Type. zy a POG i ore v £3 BE 25 z Abas & 2 5 ve i od <q RON ED cond pacentew Gases 656 | Mixed................0.c0000- | 1,100 to 1,200} Poor. Horton &: Renfrew Town D2 PNET E ie fess ahapthenanecrinumuinsigs 1,100 Poor. AAmMaston «2. 2.ccoen. a NNN CG oa Src antencwesaey ania tou ; 1,100 Poor. Westmeath ............- 285 | General Purpose, a few Regis- ; tered Clydesdales .......... 1,200 Medium. Pembroke «ss ieseccads ee es 307 MUR 6 disiseas oh 2 noe savickdWunees 1,100 | Poor. Staffords:424 s.0¢eeekis ke ua 30 NRCG seis sense esa deka ses waenstes 1,050 ! Poor. Wilberforce si.csceeeey 531 Mixed oncut. ten acer eccsske.gelns 1,050 Poor. YOM int eee reticniph yo? DOO || NIAROG Nic 2 dnehte Maes leash ershcnbein | 1,050 Poor. WROSS sic cherie auniiecieoere te 6 DGD) MC Chess ciate ue ede tavegaataticelnatt | 1,100 Poor. Grattan, Hagarty, Rad- cliff and adjoining | Townships. .......... 967 | Mixed, a few very good ones.. 4 1,100 | Poor. Total wares arene teises 3,455 | \ Mares Brep to DirrERENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS. eet, oF = ees Total. Serviceably sound. Not Serviceably sound. a ! gibecins ray ty ats ed i ect dh ad a 7 vo ms , \ ot | in ; Stallions. Be tee CES 6 i 2a Se 6 | 82 | £3x oe (ees | Bo ) BS tee | s, 2a — eT ao aey rn ao ae eS sg [es U2ee. Ze || Gee) be) ger rese se Y ee 1 see |) 2% BRS | £f 5% SB eS 2 (|4 ; & A eee | 4 « —s —__ |——— | | : | he Fel | 1 § Registered Stallions. 28 1,762: 24 | 1,642 ° 9 | A TRO! 6 Grade Stallions...... 29 1.693 || 24 | 13394 ane: | 209 | 5 —)! ae : | | Totals .......... 57 | 3,455 ae Geer 7 9 | AD cavenet | 1 1 H

The meeting for the county of Renfrew was held at Cobden on Novem- ber 6th, and was attended by about fifty men. Quite a number of those present dropped in from the village to see what was going on. About twenty men were horse raisers. All thought the draft horse the most profit- able for farmers to raise. After considerable discussion and questions, seventeen (about all the horsemen present), voted in favor of stallions being licensed. Some thought that first-class grade stallions should be licensed because they were superior to many imported ones.

LANARK.

Ramsay township runs almost exclusively to Clydesdale sires, there being two pure-bred and two grades of that breed to one pure-bred Stan- dard-bred. One of the heavy ones is unsound; and the light sire ond one of the grade Clydesdales have the best conformation. It seems a pity that

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. re

a

Lanark—Continued.

a heavy

ae y horse of good conformation and sound only earns $3 in a service

The others earn $5 and $10.

Bathurst township also favors heavy horses, as is evident when the stallion list is made up of three pure-bred and one grade Clydesdale, a Shire and a Percheron. They are all sound and rather above the average in conformation, one Clydesdale especially being marked as extra good. The fee for the grade is ¥5, for the others $8 in each instance.

There are Just four of the heavy, and four of the light sires in Drum- mond township, with representatives of the following breeds: Clydesdales, a pure-bred and a grade; a Shire, a Hackney, a Percheron, a Standard-bred and a grade of that breeding and a grade Coach horse. It is satisfactory to find them all sound and also fairly good in conformation. Stud fees are somewhat higher than in some of the adjoining townships. Beginning at $6 they go as high as $25.

In North Emsley only one sire was inspected, a registered Canadian- bred Clydesdale, sound, and of fait conformation, standing for $8.

This was also the case in Montague township—an imported Clydesdale, a good horse and sound, whose fee was $12.

Three Standard-bred stallions are owned in the town of Smith’s Falls, one being recorded and two grades. Two are getting on in years, and have seen their best days. One is unsound. Their fees are $6, $8, and $10 respectively.

A pute-bred Clydesdale, and a grade each of Cleveland Bay and French Canadian blood, make up the trio of stallions in Beckwith township. Two-thirds of them are sound, but conformation is not very good. Five dollars and $8 are the fees charged.

Standard-breds are evidently the favorites in the town. of Carleton Place, as there are three registered and two grade stallions of that breed there, the only other sire being a grade Hackney. Of the six, five are sound and of fair conformation. One horse has never stood for service, but the fees for the other five are from $5 to $15.

STALLIONS,

3 ad ‘ Breeding. B e's g & SE 2 8 g 3 a By: e229 @ ES o5 g#25 | 3-8 5 SFR > 53a > 52a Se

A < a wW \ < a <q ; $ Clydesdales, Imported ..........-- 5 1,690 6 |All... Fair to good 498 9 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred ....... 4 1,660 5 | AW. ...| Fair........ 285 8 Grades, Clydesdale ..........++--- 4) 1,475 Be Nac tacrce Fair to good 224 5 Shires, Canadian-bred............- 2 1,750 64 | All. ...| Good....... 200 8 PErGhevoOns: s.3.¢ coscesasncdea aos cunts os 2 1,850 7 | All. ...) Fairly good. 300 10

Hacknevs, CE a |

Hackney Grades (1 Hackney, :

Grade} v ade tataice ( ced mucaies e ..| 2 |- 1,200 8 | All. ...| Fairly good. 128. 9 Standard-breds, Imported......... 3 1,180 10 Dies wins Good ier neds 73 17 Roadsters, Canadian-bred.........| 3 PITS) | 12) AD sou Maltese ne es 54] 11 Grades, Roadster .........---.++++ , 5, 1,120 10 ene Pretty good 210 9 Grades, Coach........6.-.+000+00 ; 2) 1,350 Orcas’ Fair........ 121 6 Grades, French Canadian ......... 1 | 1,500 | 26 | All Baltes coat ee

Motalsiccastaaidansess ...) 83 | 2,098 | H

Lanark—Concluded.

REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

AIARES. 7 ~ -— eee eae epee ood | ax g g a ‘ | Bay i & 2 2 S Townships. oe ge Type. = goose 1, g, aE Se = BeeES o sea \ 1 - Zi S RAMAN sagen. oat Gages Bee Light to General Purpose........... | Poor. Bathwists cso asc) cede heen 700 Light to General Purpuse..... ..... | Poor. Drummond ............. 408 Light to General Purpose........... | Poor. North Emsley .......... 180 Light to General Purpose...........,; Poor. Montague .............. 93 Light to General Purpose........... ' Poor. Town of Smith’s Falls .. 175 Light to General Purpose........... | Poor. Beckwithcors sconeet ees 81 Light to General Purpose...,....... Poor. Town of Carleton Place.. 184 Light to (seneral Purpose........... Poor DOtal iss ves ces 2,093 - i i Mares Brep to Dirrerenr CLasses or STALLIONS. _ iD : a f <a Total. a Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. y ] ; m Seto a [ “ oy = | | Ww A tm | Stallions. so z Cc 3 i Oo a iy 6h Oo a 3 6 | a3 eae! ‘e's B22 Bo | ‘es age Bd Bh BESO | fu SEO, $f | Su =A 22 4 a I 4 a js | a mal | < | f ; 8! | | 3 Registered Stallions.. 20 | 1,468 19 1,441 12 1 27 | 10 Grade Stallions ..... 13 | 625 © 10 470 8 3 155 5 : hi — ; Totalg........ 33 | 2,093 | 29 LTE Ve scone | 4 182 | bie eenct 3 i.

The public meeting was held at Carleton Place, on November 12. was a lively meeting, with plenty of discussion.

it

When requested to give

their views On stallion inspection, 21 voted for a license for stallions, but they must be sound, registered animals, up to a certain standard of excel-

‘lence. lions.

A good deal was said about the poor quality of many imported stal- Those present asked that the Government use its influence with

some of the horse importers to get them to bring a carload of imported mares and fillies to Carleton: Place for sale. give a liberal donation for prizes to be given at a spring show for stallions

to be held at Carleton Place.

They also asked the Government to

An additional meeting was held in the town of Perth. Fourteen men, all interested in horse-breeding attended, and all took part in the discus- sions and expressed themselves as pleased with the work undertaken by the Department. Some thought it might be advisable to license for one year really good grade stallions, but only those that were good stock getters. Many objected to grades being licensed. After full discussion all voted in.

favor of licensing all stallions that were sound and registered animals up to

a certain standard of excellence.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 113

SreciaL Report or Insrectors.

a meetings were fairly well attended, but in many cases the bad tet er and distance kept those who were interested from attending. At ery meeting there was a strong feeling that something should be done; most of the breeders of good horses favored licensing stallions. ‘‘None but sound registered animals up to a certain standard of excellence to be li- he oe was the idea of the majority. We have seen horses in nearly all g € Vounties in Ontario and conversed with horsemen in those counties. ome districts have a better class of horses than others, but all over On- tario something requires to be done. In our conversation with horsemen met at Thstitutes during the last five years, many have favored’ licensing stallions. It is our opibion that now is the time to go on; the people ex- pect that something more is to be done; the best thing to do is a matter of opinion and there will be great differences in ideas.

There are two points that must be kept in view, viz., enough stallions to serve mares, and how much regulation will the people tolerate. The idea of only having pure-bred stallions licensed is out of the question, because there are not nearly sufficient of them, and many imported ones v.9 it deserving of a license. There must for several years be some grades per- mitted to travel, until there are enough pure-breds to take their place. After hearing many opinions, we think the following suggestion would find favor with a large majority of the horsemen: The cost of the license or permit, to be nominal, sufficient to cover the expense of inspection, etc. All horses to be free from hereditary unsoundness. Grant a first-class li- cense to registered stallions of good conformation and good action; a second- class license to registered stallions of fair conformation and fair action, and a third-class license to the grade stallions, types of some breeds, producers of useful colts (if old enough to have colts).

We do not think it would be just to give the good and medium reg- istered horse the same class of license. There would be no education in doing so. These three grades of permits, or licenses will certainly take in every horse that any horseman would be justified in using.

We are not in favor of second-class registered or grade horses, but the license would be for one year only, and the standard could be raised the second year, gradually getting rid of the most undesirable.

Anything less than the above appears to us, not likely to give favor- able results. In some parts of Ontario the stallion fee is so much for the season. This is not fair to the owner of the mare—too one-sided a bargain. Let the owner of the mare pay half at time of service and the other half when the mare proves to be with foal. This method would prevent many barren or worn-out mares being bred, and would also prevent the stallion taking more mares than is reasonable for a fair percentage of foals.

We would suggest that prizes for stallions and mares be offered at the Winter Fair at Guelph. Farmers are there from all over Ontario, and we consider it would be a grand opportunity for the Government to educate those who are anxious to learn about horses. We would also suggest that spring stallion shows be encouraged by giving liberal prizes at one show in each county (not in the same place each year), horses receiving Govern- ment money prizes at said shows must travel part of the season where the prizes were awarded. None to compete unless they will travel in said

county, if they receive a prize. ; : (Signed) W. F. Kypp. GeorGE Gray.

DISTRICT NO. 8.

Counties.—Glengarry, Dundas, Grenville, Leeds, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington and *Stormont.

Inspectors.—Jas. Sinclair, V.S., Cannington; H. S. Arkell, B.S.A., O0.A.C., Guelph, (Glengarry ’o Leeds); Arthur Thom, Elma, (Frontenac to Addington).

GLENGARRY.

In Charlottenburg township there are three stallions, a Clydesdale, a Hackney and a Standard-bred, all registered and sound and fairly good in conformation. Two stand for $10 and one for $15 service fees. Mares are light in type and are an exceedingly poor lot, averaging 1,100 lbs. This township is somewhat rough and the soil shallow. General purpose horses are in favor, and there are, practically, no heavy horses raised. There is very little system followed in breeding, and very few pure-bred mares in the township. Grade sires are not discriminated against. Light horses are mostly patronized. Carriage and general purpose horses, probably, suit the farmers here best.

Kenyon township is well provided with sires of both heavy and light kinds; the breeds represented being Clydesdales, pure-breds, three; grades, two; Shires, pure-bred, one; Percherons, grades, two; Hackney, pure-bred, one; Coach grades, five; Standard-bred, pure-bred, one; and French Can- adians, grades, two. Out of the seventeen, four are unsound and the aver- age quality and conformation is only fair, only a few qualifying as good. Mares are light in type, of poor quality and average 1,100 lbs. in weight. Service fees have a range from $5 to $10.

Not much can be said in favor of the sires standing in Lochiel town- ship, but there is one very good horse. There is one grade, a Percheron, and six pure-breds, four Clydesdales, and two Standard-breds. Six- sevenths are sound. Their service fees vary from $5 to $15; mares are about the same as in the other townships.

Of the four stallions in Lancaster township there is only one really fair pattern of a horse. Three are sound or practically so. Two, an imported Clydesdale and a Standard-bred, are registered, while a Suffolk Punch and a Cooceh are grades. The grades’ fees are $6 and S7, and the pure-breds, $10. Mares are small and poor, and there are very few registered Clydes- dale mares.

& » * The County of Stormont was inspected by Geo. Gray, Newcastl:, and A. R. Walsh, V.&., Perth. { 114] 8a HB.

1906

REPORT ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 115 Glengarry Continued. ° STALLIONS. EE A ,| &| 2 2 g | & Breeding. ots © S ro} 2 & wad lo 8 S| ema] F | ge fod | Sa8 |e 8 1582! & EO @ 9.8 dud 139 5 |SFa) 5a bos BO’ |S a ya < <q oi) <q yal <q: $ Clydesdales, Imported............ 3} 1,530 5 | All....] Good....... 305 | 9 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred..._ |, 6 | 1,585 61 5...... Fair........ 555 | 9 rades, Clydesdale............... 2} 1,400 Val eee Only fair... 87 | 5 Shires, Imported. ...0 0202 )7 272777 1} 1,800 8 | All....| Very fair... 75 | 10 Grades, Percheron ......1 011117! 8] 1,400 Ge} asec: FRAIB. 3 2 savers 253 | 5 Grades, Suffolk Punch............ 1 1,400 4} All. BALE 2 ,5cirari 92] 6 Hackneys, Imported ......... 1... 2} 1,400 6 | All....| Good....... 215 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported and Roadsters, Canadian-bred (4 Im- ported, 1 Roadster) ............ 5 1,210 11 | All. Pair cc eed 18 194 | 11 Grades, Coach ................... 6} 1,325 3 A wasaes Hairs ss soc 400 |; 6 Grades, French Canadian......... 2) 1,325 la ee Perera POOP ace 180 | 6 Ota Sisk: rsa iatelae ede sindin a oct 31 2,356 Mares. m ry aaa ob = 3 ‘ ict ee ov = Townships. S525 Type. zy = oY a5 38 fo = So So 5.0.4 So 5 4 Z = < < Charlottenburg.......... QUO) Op TANT oo Seed and da ¥ ae 0ao alcove aden 1,100 | Poor ....].... KOny Orie) crneh caste. aisads ASOLO) | ALTE thes ecaols ease uarouesercre utc sk aeast aaa tianend 1,100 | Poor TSO CHIC) ree 6.26 cals ascites aes DAO | AIBN a: & salable & ecebt tech ewe in el 1,100 | Poor Lancaster............... B02) LIC N te 125 ecmstininctneeeeee aoe. pe eaNe 1,200 | Poor Mo talyc 1 scene syities 2,356 Mares Brep to Dirrerent CLasses or STaLLions. | Total. | Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. | So (S64) Se |e 2 SB 13S 6 sna i 8 |ss2! £8 | sae] 2 BS |} 88>) 8 | SE 1889 | 22 | o8¢ x 22 | 285 Sis i @8 (Bee | eB | eee) 88 ES | 885 | 33 | sm ls Ho ia) 3 8.24 a] 3a 5 > oH 4 if Zz < Be < | | | : $ Registered Stallions..| 17 | 1,344 | 16 | 1,219 9 1 125 : Grade Stallions...... 14 | 1,012 H 8 652 5 6 oon Motalbicucyevvuss i 31 | 2,356 Ba | | SRA: arcu a ee

116 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Glen garry—Concluded.

The public meeting for the county of Glengarry was held at Alexandria on October 13.h, and was attended by about 25 people, principally farmers and breeders. The discussion was good and upon the following lines: the majority favored breeding to Clydesdales sires, which, they say, have been looked upon with disfavour here until the past year or two, but are fast com- ing into favor now. It was suggested that the Government aid in getting in pure-bred dams, not necessarily imported, and stop all grade stallions from leaving their own stables. The following resolution was carried. “That this meeting favor a license and inspection, also a small fee on all stallions offered for public service.’’ The people here seemed anxious to learn how to breed in the right direction.

Inspectors’ Remarks: The greater portion of this county is well suited for raising good, heavy horses, and, in the greater portion of it, the farm- ers are beginning to wake up and look for a better class of sires. They re- quire better dams also. Only one man was met with, who owned a pure- bred mare. :

Dunpas.

The class of horses and mares in Winchester township is an improve- ment on that of those.in Glengarry county, the quality being better, and there is more good blood in the mares, which, however do not average over 1,100 lbs. The improvement is no doubt due to the fact that for some years a number of Clydesdales, Shires and Hackneys have been imported into the township for sale. There are eighteen stallions in this township, fourteen of them pure-bred and four grades. In regard to breeds they are as follows: Clydesdales, six pure-breds and' one grade; one pure-bred Shire; one pure- bred Percheron; five pure-bred Hackneys, a Standard-bred; two grade French Canadians and a grade Coach horse. Nearly a third of them cannot qualify as being sound, and a number of them are not up tothe average in conformation and quality. Starting with $5 for a grade, service fees run up to $10.

The quality of the mares in Mountain township is not as good as that of those in Winchester, nor are there so,many bred. There are but three sires here, a pure-bred Percheron,'and a grade of Clydesdale, and one of Coach breeding. One is unsound, and the average conformation and quality is not good. $6, $8 and $10 are the fees charged, the latter for the’ pure- bred sire.

Matilda township has only one registered sire, a French Coach horse, but eligibility to register is also claimed for a Clydesdale anda Standard- bred. In addition to these, there are two Clydesdales, a Roadster, and a Coach, all grades, and a grade of no particular breeding. They-are all prac- tically sound, but the average is not high in conformation and quality. Service fees for the French Coach horse ‘are quoted as $20; for the rest $5, $6, and $8 are the amounts.

Two grades, a Clydesdale and a Hackney, stand in Williamsburgh township, both sound and of fair conformation. The stud fee is $7 in each case. Mares are of poor type and only fair quality, weighing ‘about 1,050 lbs.

1906

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 117, re D wndas—Continued. STALLIONS. © , o |) coupe aa Be Breeding. FA gas © gs 5. gS |e 8 4 ees| 28} 28 | @oa loge lee a |/2Fe] 2 | ba Soe 128s 23 Pceert aeey eter 4 |< < D < Zi dq, $ Clydesdales, Imported............ 5 | 1,670 lee ee Fairly good.| 481 | 10 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred....... 2) 1,600 5 | All. Very good..| 184] 9 Grades, Clydesdale............... 5 1,375 63 doses es Only fair... 268; 7 hires, Imported and Percherons (1 Shire, 2 Percherons)......... 3] 1,700 8 | Qivseded Very fair... 236 | 10 Hackneys, Imported and Grades (5 Hackneys, 1 Grade).......... 6 1,155 5 | All. Bai cessed dis 707 | 8 Standard-breds Imported and Grades (2 Pure-bred, 1 Grade) «. 3 | 1,090 7 | All. Paltisnscutdeia: 177 | 7 French Coach Horses and Grades (1 French Coach, 3 Grades)..... 4) 1,325 Bo Dis sate Only fair 283 | 13 Grades, French Canadian......... 2) 1,425 AMD ees Poor ....... 85 | 5 No Particular Breeding........... 1} 1,175 7! All. Poor ....... 60/ 5 MP Ota S iis Gere BA cece tele at oe 2, 381° Mares. aD . B [= = . S 3 c a 2 2 es po 3s : 2 a BO Ds 3 XD Townships. oo Ss Type. F a 3 BP OD o o Boks ee | & | & ge ge ae @ 3 52S Ean > > a <q < < Winchester.............- 1, 586+. | POOP, no vcasatsnrnetdenltalel od eeaeencitiaes 1,100 | Fair..... 10 Motintainin iia: wncense 288: | (NOt very cO0G ass wo artes cag er dian 1,050 | Poor 10 Matilda) jects az ctstateaveets's 3 AVS. | POOR eco soe snk aia ke seeea ss MERE 1,000 | Poor 10 Williamsburg........... 92. || SROOI excite sepeioapuis vetin see eee 1,050 | Fair..... 10 Motalidevosttealos “| 2,881 Mares Brep To DIFFERENT Cuasses or STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. Se |e el Se fs) g ede bagel | te 2 cai a. wo Mor vo 5° Hoe ry 25 |2i3| 22 |283| fs | 45 |4e2| 2, da | fas | 88 | fas) ge || 8 sab| sf a a Zi a <q 4 Zi ae $ $ Registered Stallions. . 18 1,694 16 1,509 11 2 185 10 Gude Stallions ..... 13 687 9 412 6 4 275 6 Totals.......... 31 | 2,381 25 | O20 loco, 6 460 |........

118 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 68

Dundas—Continued.

The public meeting for Dundas county, which was held at Winchester on October 18th, was not largely attended. Those present were all good horsemen, and each of the twenty men appeared anxious that something should be done for the improvement of the horse industry. After a general discussion a motion was passed as follows.: “That the Government pass an Act requiring all stallions to be inspected and certificates given after in- spection.

Inspectors’ Remarks: In this county is found a better class of horses generally than in Glengarry. There are better pure-bred sires, and a greater number of good mares. Farmers are breeding to Clydesdale sires for heavy horses and to Hackneys for light ones. If the farmers have good judgment and continue on in the good way Dundas will soon be ahead of the neighboring counties in the matter of horse-breeding. Its natural ad- vantages are good, and the farmers require a horse with some breeding and substance to work the soil of this county. Hackneys are gaining in popu- larity, and will probably retain their hold in popular favor. A good many farmers in this county as well as in Glengarry are anxious to secure good pure-bred mares to breed from. This we think a good omen.

VIEWS OF TWO STALLION OWNERS.

Following are copies of letters received by the Inspectors from two prom- inent stallion owners in Dundas county who were unable to give their views personally to the Inspectors.

“IT have noticed with great pleasure, that our Government is taking steps with a view to the improvement of the horse industry of this Province. and I believe that the result of the investigations being. made by yourselves and your confreres, will prove of great value to those interested. I regret exceedingly, that it will be impossible for me to attend any of your meetings in this district, as a previous eugagement in London, will prevent my per- sonal attendance to express my own views and learn those of others.

“Will you permit me to place on record, a few matters which my some- what extended experience in breeding and importing, leads me to think will tend to improve the quality of our stock and will bring adequate rewards to our breeders.

“First, I am strongly of the opinion that a simple and cheap system of registration of all stallions used for stock purposes, is necessary, and that all sires should be registered.

“Second, That every owner ofa stallion used for stock purposes should be compelled to take cut a license for each horse, under the penalty of not being able to collect slud fees, and, if deemed necessary, a fine for each later offence of using for stud purposes, a horse not registered.

“The above points, I deem to be of vital importance, among the many «questions which affect the interests of both breeders and userg of the horse.’’

“T regret that I will be unable to meet you when you visit my place on the 17th, but have instructed my man to give you all information you may require, and being very much interested in the bettering of the breed of horses, in our own Province, and especially in our own county, thought, as T will also be unable to attend the meeting which I see is to be held later on for the purpose of enabling those who have an interest in such betterment of expressing their views on the subject, that I would give them to you on

paper.

1906

es

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 119

Dundas—Concluded.

beli In the first place—and to my mind the one of most importance—I aa that every stallion standing for public service should be licensed : b in each county, one, or more, veterinary surgeons should be appointed

y the Government to inspect such stallions, examine their pedigrees, and Teport to'the individual appointed by the Government to issue such licenses,

ae should be countersigned by the veterinary surgeon making the inspec- QR. .

“These should be produced for the examination of such owners as breed to such horse, and a certificate should be given them by the owner of the stallion, on receipt of service fee, that their mare has been bred to—or is in foal to, as the case may be—h's stallion. This certificate should bear the name of the stallion, his particular breed, number in stud book, or name of his sire and dam, and should also state whatever description of the mare, that the owner of her could give.

“These certificates, while not necessary, would be of use in tracing the breeding of horses, would be of advantage in making a sale, and would be a guide to the owner of the mare in regard to her future breeding. They should be 'printed, with spaces left to be filled in by the stallion owner. A form could be attached to the Government license and copies could be beni? at any country printing office. This would insure their being uni-

orm,

“Secondly, That no stallion should be accepted unless he ,is of pure breed, and registered in his Stud Book, is a fairly good individual, and sound, in so far as not possessing defects which are capable of transmission.

“A nominal fee, sufficient to' cover cost of examination and issuance of license, should be charged.

“‘With regard to brood-mares, I look upon it as impossible to formulate any regulations that would prevent the breeding of such as are not desir- able. A fairly good fee for stallion service would do more than anything else in preventing the breeding of poor, old broken down mares, that are physically unfit to produce sound, vigorous foals, as their owners would know, or would soon find out, that it is poor policy and a,financial loss, to pay a good price to have them covered. The licensing of stallions would prevent this to a great extent, if carried out as I have outlined, as noone could afford to pay the price of such a stallion as described, and let it stand at too low a figure.

“In regard to any special breed, that is a matter the breeder will always use his own judgment on, and different conditions require different types of horses. To my mind, every pure type that has been evolved, is good—each for its particular use; otherwise they would not be bred to the high state of perfection they have attained.

“The Government could greatly benefit the farmers and breeders if they could induce the committees of the various Horse Shows now held “throughout Ontario—or at least in certain sections—to have a class for green driving or saddle horses that are for’sale. Price to be put on each entry by the owner, and this to be taken into account when making the awards. Each entry would te liable to be claimed by any bona fide pur- chaser, at the entered price. Once inaugurated, this would attract buyers from the States'as well as other parts of Canada, and would ‘provide means of showing horses to the public. Dealers should be excluded.”

120 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

GRENVILLE.

Wolford township has n>thing but grade stallions, and they are a poor lot, out of the seven, five being practically unsound and others not in very good shape. The breeding represented is, Roadsters, three; French, two; Clydesdale, one; and Coach, one. The cheapest fee is $5, and highest $10. Mare; are a poor class of nondescript breeding, not over 1,000 Ibs. in weight.

There are ten stallions in Oxford township and of these, three, an im- ported Shire, an imported Cleveland Bay, and a German Coach horse are pure-bred and fair horses. One of the grades is well up in years. Four grades and a registered sire are unsound. General average conformation is just fair, and fees are the same as in Wolford township. Mares, too, are no better than in that section.

The two stallions, an imported Shire and a grade Roadster, in South Gower are sound or practically so, but not of a high average as regards con- formation and quality. They have a uniform service fee of $10. Mares are poor in quality and light in weight.

Not much can be said about the quality of the stallions in Augusta town- ship or of their conformation. Five of the nine are sound, and four of the lot are pure-).red, including two imported Clydesdales. There are four of Clydesdale breeding, including two grades, ard five are Standard-breds

three being grades. Fees seem pretty uniform in Grenville county from $5 to $10.

There are eleven sires in Edwardsburgh township, but only one pure- bred and two grades are rated as good, two being very good in conforma- tion. The rest are below the average, and three are unsound or practically so. As in the uther townships stud fees range from $5 to 410. As regards breeding, th»re are ore imported and two grade Clydvsdales, two grade Hackneys, one registered and four grade Stardard-breds, and a French grade,

Sta LLIONs.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 121

Gren ville—Concluded.

Mares. n Qa ZS # s Sa fro] ct Aad ; as = » 3 3 Townships. roa Type Ey & e i £ 3 a . oo 2 ry BBE gs| #¢ |# B5ES 2 3. 2 gs ee er oe < < < ior ee Caen 282.) TI SHE: 5 acicssrsansoiel eee ocare na ehvetelelens 1,000} Poor ....| 10 Se an iid eed caso GST WT pOt.2s ciasstuitin ac Ac ora guts 1,000 | Poor ....} 10 e u : OWEN ieee caus trees 12. | MMGHU 5 ssuweeeualin warinein menkew 1,000' Poor ....j} 10 eae Bh cease eos unchucrcenses 403° 4 POOR vewingeuansers need cama steven 1,000 | Poor ....| 10 wardsburgh .. . tienes 124 Poor’ x cathe tes Lager ese 4 See 1,000 | Poor ....| 10 BO t als iccacwsaadaeviey 2,162 Mares Brep To Dirrerenr CLAsses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. a eae eae Sa es gor ss |Ze2] 58 asf a || &E | ssf! eg a3 |ERE | 4 |G8E| fs | Se [S82] fe Ba | 285 82 | fas) 22 | Be | Bas] ss Zz a] A < | a a < | ’ . Ll $ Registered Stallions . 10 784 6 496 9 4 288 10 Grade Stallions ..... 29 1,378 15 708 9 14 670 7 Totaled cede, | 39 2,162 21 1p204 0 ese cg ies 18 O58) reich ee

The public meeting for Grenville county was held at Kemptville on October 25th. The thirty or more persons present were practically all per- sonally interested in horse breeding, and the discussions of the various questions were very good. The following resolution was moved and_sec- onded, and received nearly the unanimous support of those present: ‘‘That all stallions standing for service should be registered as sound, and of good conformation after having passed a rigid inspection.’’

LEEDS. i

Only one pure-bred stallion, an imported Clydesdale, was seen in Elizabethtown township. The rest were grades of Clydesdale, Shire, Per- cheron, and Roadster blood, one each of the first three and two of the last. None of them are good, and three only of the six are sound. Under the circumstances, the fees of $8 in one case and $10 in the others are fairly good.

The township of Rear of Yonge is a very poor section, and the horses are equally so. There is only one stallion here, a grade Percheron, sound, which stands for a fee of $8. In the township of Front of Yonge, there is, besides one not inspected, also a grade sire of Roadster breeding, and for which a very small fee is charged.

122 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Leeds—Continued.

In Escott township farmers are trying to improve their horse stock somewhat. There was inspected here, only one stallion, a pure-bred Per- cheron, sound and of fair conformation. Its service fee is $12.

Bastard township contains a revistered Standard-bred, a Roadster grade, and a French grade, only one of these three being sound, and none of them of much merit. Five dollars, nine, and ten, are the stud fees charged.

The five stallions whose routes are in North Crosby, are located in or near Westport, and comprise a Percheron and a grade and two Standard- breds and a grade. One of the Stardard-breds is described as a very good horse, and two others have fair conformation. Only two-thirds of them, however, are sound. The maximum fee is $12 and minimum $8. Mares are, as is the rule in this and some of the adjoining counties, poor in qual- ity and of’a light type, about 1,000 lbs.

A pure-bred Clydesdale, of very good conformation, and a French grade, represent the sires seen in South Crosby. The first named is sound, the owner of the latter was away, and the horse was not seen outside of his stable. The pure-bred stands at $10. There are a great many poor, blem- ished mares in this section.

Out of the four stallions in Leeds township, two of which are Roadster grades, one an imported Coach, and the other a French grade, only two are sound. One of the Roadsters has the best conformation, the others are just fair. The fee for the Coach horse is $20; other fees are $8 and $10. Mares are a little improvement on those in the rear, as farmers here are giv- ing more consideration to subjects relating to horse-breeding. There is, however, plenty of room for further improvement.

There are six stallions in the township of Lansdowne, but only two of these were inspected, these being a pure-bred Clydesdale and a grade Per- cheron. The former is aged. One of them is unsound. The grade has the bigger stud fee $8. That of the other is $7.

STALLIONS.

ie | |

aq 5 fice cated Soe, See S62 |s ./ Be di aoge 8 ES 36 295/65 Bp) pReal & Ba Be zen | Qe

A | <a = a <q a < ; | 3 Clydesdales, Imported ............ 2{ 1,500; 13 | 1...... PRAB os aan 157 | 8 Clydesdales, Canadian-bred.. 1 | 1,650 39 | All....i Very good. || 85 | 10

Grades, Clydesdale and Shire fs .

Clydesdale, 1, Shire) eax cat agora 2° 1,350 DG eee cle Only fair .. .| 110 9 Percherons) .s02 cans nee cee 2 1,675 Oe l doaweods Fair........ 178} 12 Grades, Percheron ............... 4 1,400 To Siw ese. PROGR eisecs oss | 152 9 Standard-breds, Imported......... 3 | 1,055 Ob WD a coates TANT ste oes i 204 | 10 Grades, Roadster ...............-- 7 1,045 TOT De ccetea Rather good. 244 8 French Coach Horses ...........-- 1 1,175 So [PAID casted: Wat lies lew an nibs 20 Grades, French-Canadian ......... 3 | 1,380 Oo Qe aees Baltes iss es 36 5 Unenumerated ..............: 000s OP drasaigchenelesed a o's. 2'y'k fine an Stee Gall y's wna Guanes velo tod @ielescpal Mawes

ALOta 8 :tsthes. 94 bia ahstela enn teas 30 1,166

”

1906

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 123 ES roe ees ka Leeds—Continue MargEs. mm 24 “ : Bas 3 | 2 1o “ an 85 A xo) ‘S % wnships. oe 8 Type. E gj o a ae od 2 ) aga a5 x ey gi Bs ce| 8 | & Bone aan 5 4 wz < < < Elizabethtown 235 | Li site Saher AGN Gamat nadie doce acetates oe) L000) ROOK.) “10 Rear of Yonge Geshe Te agit cay city cunaeonhanneucs 1,000] Poor...) 10 Finca oe seit es De | ABI eas atminied tciesva te helen wielti BA 1,000} Poor...| 10 re BCOLEis cniimmectace JOSS ISIS onc ascse ec eased ecciat gaetitneeaneee 1,000} Poor...) 10 Now Gangs om BOT | NDC cessiecemnteareee ante are. beetuabanetiece 1,000) Poor...} 10 Soe ion be soe eee 281 | Light.................. oe comenignsy as 1,000) Poor...| 10 ee EOS Deas eet cecsctigse 85") Light cies eriacwiees rouse fon 28 1,050) Poor...| 10 e a See eae WV2\ ight: << cisuesussedeeaneeuuacnee ns: 1,050} Poor...| 10 ront of Lansdowne .... 96 | Light and poor.................... 1,050) Very in- ferior.| 12 1 KG) £2) Lae 1,166 : Mares Brep to DirrerEenr CLassEs oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. Stallions. Sim | 3 Sh | ef ie ge PE, s pe eee lat sel | ee |e!) 25 )853] 86 | ft3] 2. oS | B29] 2. €S8 | #82 || €8 | 888) ss af, ssk| 33 co @ 5448 532 B= Es) 1 5372 542 > Z a a a SSfacoeeth A A <i . : $ Registered Stallions. 9 624 6 454 12 3 170 9 Grade Stallions ..... 16 542 10 262 it 6 280 7 Unenumerated...... De Weeetea sys |itermnbeall abla es sg eeiiamnagell satis asad Sera ta een Totals ........ 30 1,166 16 TB esebaies aca 9 450 |........

The public meeting at Lansdowne on October 31st, was well attended, considering the weather, and other adverse conditions; about 25 or 30 men, eee stallion owners being in attendance. The discussion was very good.

The following resolution was adopted: ‘‘That stallions in the county be inspected by a competent Inspector, and that all stallion owners whose horses.do not pass inspection be given one year to dispose of them, and, after that date, all stallions that are advertised for service must be reg- istered and pass inspection as to conformation, soundness and freedom from transmissable defects.’’ This was carried by a vote of nine for, to four against. The others did not vote.

In addition to the motions favoring inspection and registration passed at the Lansdowne meeting, the opinions obtained from prominent horse breeders and others interested in horses residing near Brockville all tend to show the Governmental registration would be welcomed by them as tending to improve the quality of the horses in this county.

124 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Leeds—Concluded.

Inspectors’ Remarks: The mares are an exceedingly poor class, light, and very few good young mares are bred. Farmers do not think of breed- ing a mare until it is unfit for work, old, decrepit and unsound. This is an exceedingly poor county, for mares, and we did not see one good sound pure-bred mare of any class used for breeding.

FRONTENAC.

Kingston township farmers evidently pin their faith almost entirely to the light breeds as there are a pure-bred and a grade Hackney, a Standard- bred and four Roadster grades, and one pure-bred Clydesdale standing for service here. No less than one-half are not sound, and are not likely to be successful sires. Conformation is rather poor on the whole. Service fees are 78 to $15. Mares average 1,000 lbs., are light in type and poor in average quality.

The two stallions, a Clydesdale and a Percheron, both pure-bred and sound, standing in Pittsburg township are two pretty fair horses. Service fee is $10. Mares are practically of the same type as in the previous town- ship.

Two stallions were inspected in Storrington township, a pure-bred Percheron and a grade Shire.

Mares are very poor in Loughborough township, their average weight being given as 900 lbs., and quality poor. The three stallions found here, too, are not of good type, and two are unsound. All are pure-bred, being two Standard-breds, and a Clydesdale. Six dollars to $10 is the variation in fees.

Portland township has all grades for sires, two Roadsters, a Clydes- dale, and a French Canadian. One half of them are sound, and they have fair conforma‘ion. Three stand for service at 48 and one for $15. Mares are very poor and light.

The only stallion inspected on Wolfe Island was a pure-bred French Coach horse of fair conformation, standing at $20, and also sound. The Inspectors were told that there were a oreat many common, nondescript stallions kept here, which serve all the mares they can at any price obtain- able during the season. They are then put to work. The horses and mares are wry inferior, and a great many unsound, and the people quite ignor- ant of breeding principles. This Island would be an ideal breeding ground if farmers gave more attention to breeding. Four stables were visited, but the owners and the horses were away from home.

Bedford township is poor and rocky, and the mares are very inferior. There is a pure-bied Canadian Clydesdale, serviceably sourd. Its fee is

$9.

A grade Shire and a grade Coach travel in Oso township; one being unsound. Six dollars and $4 are their respective fees. Mares, too, are poor, and the country rough and stony.

Olden township, also, “has two grades, both of French blood, one of them unsownd. Four dollars and #5 are the fees.

Kernehec, another of the rear townships, has one grade Clydesdale stallion on service.

Three of the six sires in Hinchinbrooke township were not inspected. The other three are a pure-bred Clydesdale, a grade of the same breed, and a French grade. Only one is sound, and none of them are very good.

a

1906

ON. HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 125

F rontenac—Continued.

STALLIONS, rs) p g 80 > los] wn o es a oe g vo, ee p K os © ao o & Hes lo 8 Breeding. 8 B'S ep 2 ae g ee. E SS Beet © | be S8a | Beg is¢ Le Z <a | << 7) - Zi <q Clydesdales, Imported and Cana- $ dian-bred (1 Imported, 4 Cana- dian-bred ) Bt doe eke ace Mate Saas 6 1,560 he |) Brescneas HalB As savaioisiane 407 | 10 Grades, Clydesdale............... 3 1,380 By | Feweeg2 POOP sstessitins 2 141 9 Grades, Shire.................... 2 1,250 Be iarctavs tora POOP cians: 99 5 Percherons ...................00. 2 1,650 Se) Le ees Paltivsscenras 66 | 15 Hackneys, Imported and Grades (1 Hackney, 1 Grade).......... 2 1,150 | 10 | All Pare vis. saieeecd : 97 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported and Roadsters, Canadian-bred (2 Im-

Torted, 1 Canadiat-bred)....... d 3 1,110 OF Wee a 1 OS ere 162 | 11 Grades, Roadster.............0..0. 6 1,100 Bel Qi eaaye 1b ee 253 9 French Coach Horses and Grades

(1 French Coach, 1 Grade) .... 2 1,250 4 | All Wal tiarcaxet ss 68 | 12 Grades, French-Canadian ........ 4 T5150) Ado | diesatees Pair. sevice vie 229 6 Unenumerated...............0008 Annamalai aseavas| Svateae bearable teas Uloaeaciaian lois

Metis eoag Seal nalcaoes 32 1,512 Mares. a 2 ae 2 eS a e a F SB BE F as & |e Townships. (33s Type. og B S Byes ee) & 8 o BE a2 = a feos e2| 8 4% <q <q < KAN gSStOO sss setae tae 358 | Li Pittsburg: ses ee eens 137 | Li Loughborough ......... 181 | Li Storrington ............. 81 | Li Portland: : 42 scaasecnese is an WolfelIsland............ ig Bediord:. i nrcsok esos 12h Wighticsé aawseunaee Ps 2weaeleaaetaes 1,050| Poor ....... 0 Os0 aes iin Geirinane Bea-8 106) Light oc cnasnssercsag se eee oes 1,000| Poor ....... ll OUGON eis ei viaie wae iwes eases BO: HTS ONG ices accanai ah so ungnateee BRR Ee os 1,000] Poor ....... 10 Keene bee: i506 04 eating one BL Teg G5 scr iss wicca aah iyepbidedavtes Seca Sous 900) Poor ....... 12 Hinchinbrooke ......... DAO! | Wg cesar onardcactreid ce oereveinialeloy ste ad an 900| Poor ....... 12 Total. icc een Avis 1,512

126 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Frontenac—Concluded.

Mares Brep 'o DIFFERENT CLAssEs OF STALLIONS.

Total || Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. = ee ] = ‘ = & i| | . ae |e - | wae fw. wag fs. | Stallions. ce 28 = 8 are x | 2B nae ' 2 ao | a20 os sis BO j 2s 2es is gs |e as ,g22/ eo ! ‘98 | S22: BS ja i Boe sa gaa pe | pa Bae aml A |# Z Z ae eZ Z <q | 3 | | Registered Stallions. 12° 726 8 466 q || 4 260 10 Grade Stallions ..... 20 | 786 375 | 7 i an | 8 Total......... 32 1,512 | 17 B41 waaiielces ' 15 671 | Leaak | i! ‘

The public meeting at Harrowsmith was held on November 5th, but not such a good meeting as previous ones, the discussion not being along such practical lines. Farmers in this section do not seem to appreciate breeding as they should.

The following resolution was moved: “That all stallions offered for service shall be inspected by a competent inspector, for soundness and con- formation, and also be registered in a local register.’”” An amendment was moved: ‘‘That all stallions offered for service be inspected by a competent .Inspector for soundness and conformation, and must also be eligible for

registration in their respective record tooks.’? The motion carried by 14 to 18.

Inspectors’ Remarks: This meeting was by no means a representative one of the county. This particular locality is very much behind the times in horse breeding. Kingston horsemen are almost unanimous in asking for registration and inspection or license. All over the county the good men of the business favor a change from the present situation. Horses and mares are both of a very inferior quality in this county. Some of the syndicate stallions here are a disgrace.

Lennox anp ADDINGTON:

While most of the townships have a rather inferior lot of mares, Cam- den East has the best average lot, the mares here being a little heavier than in the other townships. In such a wide district with but poor railroad facilities, it is probable that some of the stallions in the back townships were overlooked, but certainly nearly all were seen. The majority of the stallions in Camden are unsound and of poor conformation. Service fees are fairly good under the circumstances, viz., $8 to $15. Mares are of medium type, but of poor average quality. There are three registered stallions, and one Bade Clydesdale, a pure-bred Shire, a grade Hackney and four Roadster grades.

Two grade Clydesdales and a grade Roadster make up the list of sires in Sheffield township, and of these one of the former is a pretty fair horse with good conformation. One is unsound. Service fees are $8 and $10.

Mares are of a very poor quality and do not average more than 1,000 Ibs. in weight.

1906

Sa

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 127

Be

Lennox and Addington—Continued.

ev a o ee eight out of sixteen stallions travelling in Richmond town- ; a ave to be recorded as unsound, and there are only a few that come up ot requirements of a satisfactory sire. The breeds represented are two ie aes and five grade Clydesdales, a Percheron, two Standard-breds and Mee ae) a Thoroughbred, a grade Coach horse, and a grade of French to $15 ak armers can avail themselves of sires at fees ranging from $5 © Slo, the latter being for a Standard-bred. Not only are mares of poor quality, but fully 25 per cent. of those bred are unsound.

Two-thirds of the stallions in North Fredericksburg township are sound, but that is about all that can be said of them in connection with their value as sires. There are three Percherons and three grade Clydesdales here, standing at fees as low as $2 for one grade and up to $15 for a pure-bred. Mares average slightly higher than in the previously mentioned townships of these counties, being about 1,200 lbs. in weight. Their quality, however, is no better.

Mares drop off again in weight in Adolphustown township. There are only three stallions here, one of which was away from its stable when the Inspectors called. One horse is unsound, and another one is very old. The sires are Roadster grades, and the only service fee given is $10.

There is no improvement in the quality or conformation of the sires in Ernestown township, nor as regard their soundness, for only one-third are sound. There are two pure-breds, a Hackney and an English Coach horse. The other four are composed of three grade Clydesdales and a grade Roadster. Mares are poor and light in type. As this is a good section of country, there is no reason why good horses could not be raised here, if farmers were inclined to do so.

In South Fredericksburg, three stallions were inspected, a registered Thoroughbred, and a Clydesdale grade, and a Roadster grade. There is the same report as to mares, being light in type and poor in quality, a state of things which need not be, as there is much good land here and the breed- ing of good horses would be profitable, especially heavy ones.

STALLIONS.

2 | @ : , | 8 . re 3g I ia aie 5s 2 Breeding. 8 Sree & SE B.S E Seo fos f ieee| & | Be 558 | 825 38 3 > fon S - a pop BoM 1s w

a | < a < A =

Clydesdales, Imported and Can-

adian-bred (1 Imported, 4 Can- | g

adian-bréd):.4:i's..cscasweatous sts 5 | 1,600 Bil Bissiere e's Hairaenc: ye A 455 | 12 Grades, Clydesdale............... 15 1,350 Gi tates aes Not even fair; 734 | 6 Shires, Imported and Percherons j |

(1 Shire, 4 Percherons)......... 5.} 1,800 Fe ol insiaset Just fair...., 511 | 14 Hackneys, ‘Imported and Grades | |

(1 Hackney, 1 Grade) .......... 2 1,175 By Deeaees Good.......; 117 | 10 Standard-breds, Imported......... 2 1,075 PE Dee Only fair | 130 | 18 Grades, Roadster...........-.-005 18 1,055 To} Bessie Baiticesescy | 361 | 8 ‘Thoroughbreds ...........-+-2-+5 2] 1,050 TD thetedess Pat ems.d3 42s 12 | 10 English Coach Horses and Grades :

(1 English Coach, 1 Grade)..... 2 1,350 14 (|) Dieses 23 Baits sxe | 141 | 8 Grades, no particular breeding.... dt 800 Ble ata a POOF siiieecen | eehideueied Mnenumerated «oie sesces seacquees Dasara vtl alge 8 oa acpeles spa nt ca Garnaut ars eeod he a

TOUWIB eu. ce canes tar 49 | 2,461 f I

128 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Lennox and Addington—Concluded.

Mares. rt ne . oS z Fa 2S Kes ‘a 3 o Townships. rapes Type. Ea 5 2 wer Se ov ) 19) cee og o o Boi B4 > > “A < < < Camden, East...... .... BO! | CGT sccccocsrersnatace wacece ne sianentn homens 1,200 | Poor 10 Sheffield .............. DUG: TAH cucnen sane sarviadccse sateen ARaemyind 1,000 | Poor 10 Richmond............. 8123) Tigh tisccnesos sss opumsi wale gig season 1,050 | Poor 10 North Fredericksburg ... 461. || (Medtantivs esas 40 5s anise ine sie 1,200 | Poor ....| 10 Adolphustown .......... 20)| Vightusieevcuksresaaeeenad qemu 1,000 | Poor ....| 10 Ernestown.............- 249: |) eights sccuvet...c.cc 2 oo pees 1,050 | Poor ....| 10 South Fredericksburg .. . 140!) i@h teases «+24 swe 8e es ene e stm ey 1,050 | Poor ....} 10 Votals ssroweysevne ys 2,461 Mares Brep To Dirrerenr Ciasses oF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. . oer Pe oe ee ee ee ee ae £2 | 382] 88 | 283] 2, | 28 | S83] 2, 2S | 885 || £8 | 881 58 ASB | BSE] os 37 54s 327 sas Se 530 5 4.0 > Z A a Zz <q q A <q . § $ Registered Stallions . 16 | 1,184 8 | 598 12 8 586 12 Grade Stallions ..... 31 1,277 15 642 if 16 635 8 Unenumerated...... 2 beeen al lara gunbbll sa eioees 6 eee escsalll wales aes leesetnmreee s| wecttalateh Totals savcscea ns 49 2,461 23 T5240 feasts 24 W221 hes ste

The public meeting for Lennox and Addington was held on November 13th, at Napanee, and was attended by about twenty-five people. There was a fair discussion, and it was moved, ‘‘That in case the Government pass legislation prohibiting non-registered stallions standing for service, stallion owners receive compensation for those horses that do not fulfil the require- ments.”’

It was moved in amendment: “That all stallions offered for service shall be pure-bred, registered in their respective books, of good conformation and sound.’? The amendment was carried.

Tnspector’s Remarks.—Lennox and Addington should be the breeding ground of good horses, inasmuch us there is plenty of good land and good water, but like all the eastern part of Ontario, there isa great lack of good mares. Farmers breed indiscriminately, crossing and re-crossing with no ultimate object in view, instead of trying to make each successive cross an improvement. Many of the farmers are unable to distinguish between true and bogus pedigrees, and can, therefore, be easily imposed upon by unscrupu-

lous persons. Ignorance is widespread. Education is the watchword and remedy.

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 120

SpeciaL REport oF INSPECTORS.

nabe condition of the horse-breeding industry in District No. 8. was ae aps n a more backward state than the Inspectors were prepared to find it. We found a number of serviceable animals of what may be termed the Boneral-purpose sort, but there was a marked absence. in the district of mar-

et horses of each and every class. Of really good draught animals there were practically none, and the average of the Clydesdale, Shire, and “Per- cheron grades was distinctly lightin weight, and on the whole they were not of high quality, It was observed that a very large number of the horses of the district carried in their veins a noticeable percentage of trotting bred and French Canadian blood and were of corresponding conformation. The blood of the various breeds had, however, been so intermixed that no uni- form type had been evolved, nor had any high standard of excellence been reached through the policy of breeding that had been followed. It may be remarked in passing that through the enterprise of certain importers and breeders in buying and using superior sires in a few townships in Dundas and Glengarry counties, there was a noticeable improvement over the aver- age of the horses of the district. In the county of Glengarry both heavy and light horses are raised, but the former are more suitable and profitable. The difficulty in this county, as throughout the seven counties we traversed, is that breeders have not got heavy enough mares. This difficulty could be overcome by the importation of heavy mares, and in the opinion of some the Government might with advantage give pecuniary assistance for that purpose.

In no mistaken terms did a goodly number pronounce against the so- called general purpose horse that was permitted. to travel the road for service to-day. There is no doubt that many of them should be barred out entirely or compelled to stay at the owner’s stable. If this were done the better horses would almost invariably be used, and, as a consequence, a superior breed of horses would be raised and a better price be obtainable.

One point the people were all agreed upon, namely that there were a number of horses travelling the country that were a detriment rather than a help to the horse-breeding business.

In the popularity of the dairy industry in Eastern Ontario, in the lack of information among the farmers as to what constitutes real merit in horses, in the practice of indiscriminate breeding, and in the use of inferior breed- ing stock of both sexes, reasons may be found for the somewhat backward condition of the horse breeding business in the counties under consideration. The higher prices paid for horses within the last few years, together with the intelligent enterprise of a number of breeders in introducing a better class of stallions, have, however, awakened a very general interest in horse- breeding which should be the promise of a marked advancement in the near future. The movement undertaken by the Government to promote the horse ‘nterests in the Province has been, we think, a timelv and popular one, and almost without exception the commissioners were cordially and courteously received by horsemen of the district. Under the advice of our instructions we attempted to gain the confidence of the stallion owners, and were repaid by generous treatment at their hands, and a ready response in an expression of opinion in answer to the questions asked. While large numbers did not attend the public meetings, these did not lack interest, and the attitude of these metings would, we think, be a fair gauge of the opinion of the horse- men of the whole district. This opinion is (perhaps stated with sufficient clearness in the main body of the report, and need not be repeated here.

9 A.B.

130 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION. No. 65

Report Inspectors’ District 8.—Concluded. Your Inspectors beg to offer one or two suggestions by way of a summary relative to the information gathered while on this tour of inspection.

Supported by the opinion of many horsemen with whom we had con- versation, we believe that the passing of a stallion License and Inspection Act would meet with very general approval, provided that it was reasonably moderate in its requirements. forsemen are unanimous in their condem- nation of the scrub sires that travel the country. We think, however, that an arbitrarily prohibitive act would be reactionary in its effect, and conse- quently would not produce the result desired. The greatest benefit must probably be brought about in an educative way. A system of Government inspection and registration of stallions should be practicable and desirable. A small registration fee might be charged to cover the cost of inspection, but we think the stallion owner should not be required to suffer the hardship of a high license fee. A certificate of registration, includng the finding of the Inspector as to soundness, utility, purity of breeding, ete., might be furnished each stallion owner, and he be required to publish such certificate in aconspicuous place on all bills, posters and advertising matter used by him. All stallions might be required to be registered and certain restric- tions relative to eligibility for registration might be sufficiently prohibitive in its effect in retiring from active service undesirable animals. A cata- logue of stallions in the different counties including an abridged statement of the inspector’s report on.each registered animal; and which could be ob- tained on application, would furnish useful information to the horsemen of the various districts. ‘We think further that actual breeders should be pro- tected against misrepresentation on the part of stallion owners in their being compelled to publish true statements of the breeding of their horses, together with, the Government registration certificate on all advertising matter used by them. Breeders have been the victims \of much fraud on the part of unscrupulous grooms, and should be protected against such misrepresen- tation. There might further be an advanced registry for superior stallions of approved merit and breeding, and the question of bonusing such stallions as would qualify might not be unwisely considered. We think, moreover. that the benefit of such an Act might be supplemented by the issuing of an up-to-date bulletin giving information not only as touching breeds and breeding, but as well upon markets, types, and classification of horses gen- erally.

As regards syndicating, where a small syndicate of three, four or six persons, agree among themselves to buy a horse and go to a good reliable importer, we found this system to work all right. We asked for suggestions as to how to overcome the evil of syndicating stallions, but got no satisfac- tory answers. In our opinion the people are'not educated, or rather are not good enough judges, to buy on their own judgment. Education i is the most needful thing. ‘This we think, can be partially done through the Farmers’ Institutes, and through the employment of good men as judges at Agricul- tural Fairs.

The farmers as a rule, are not particular enough about breeding good mares. A great majoritv sell the good mares and breed the infirm and blemished ones, and also those unsound from diseases that are transmissable. This class of mares bred to a cheap, unsound, short-bred, nondescript stal- lion cannot help but produce poor offspring. If the breeders and farmers could only be taught to breed so that each succeeding cross would be one better than the previous, we would soon have a much better class of horses in Canada.

(Signed) Jas. Srncuarr. H. 8. Argett.

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO. 131

*STORMONT.

The general run of mares here were found to be of a light type and of very inferior quality. The majority of the sires are of the lighter kinds, but

oo is a fair sprinkling of heavy sires in every township except Osna- ruck,

In Cornwall township there are seven stallions, all but one having their headquarters in the town of Cornwall. One is a registered Clydesdale, another a Percheron, and there are two Standard-breds, (one of which was not seen owing to the owner’s absence), and three French grades, two of which are not used for service. For the other French grade, the fee is $5, while for the pure-breds it is $10. One of those used for service ig unsound.

All the stallions in Osnabruck township are grades, and the breeding is as follows: Standard-breds, six; French Canadians, three. One of the former is unsound, and the average conformation is deficient. Fees are very low, being $4, $5, and $6.

There are six stallions in Roxborough township, but one of these ap- pears among the horses in Glengarry. Of the remaining five one is a regis- tered Clydesdale and one grade. ‘There is one pure-bred Percheron and one grade, and there is also a French grade. Four are sound, but average conformation is only fairly good. The fees vary from $4 to $10.

Five grades of Standard-bred, Clydesdale, Percheron, and French Can- adian breeding stand in Finch township, there being two of the first, and one each of the other three. Besides these there was another stallion which died recently. Another stallion has not done any service: Theré are two unsound horses and average conformation is only fairly good. $5 and $6 represent the service fees.

5 > > fe > 50a |p a

Z < < wD <a Zi < ‘ $ Clydesdales, Imported ............ 2| 1,675 63) All....| Fairly good. 156 | 10 Grares, Clydesdale............... 2 1,550 6 | All....}| Good....... 74 6 Percherops .........-.-0eee eee eee 2 105 53) All....| Fairly good. 203 | 10 Grades, Percheron .............+-: 2 1,350 el) dine eatedoens Only fair... 107 | 5

Standard-breds, Imported, and }

Grades (1 Pure-bred, 9 Grades) . 10 1,080 (al ns eee Just fair.... 239 | 7 Grades, French Canadian......... vi 1,235 By. | esemetenre Sh 418] 5 Unenumerated.............-0000- Uy | lheseseherweraoe, il ncn ce ¢ 2 allie yasaimtwemel 3/2 cbc vast aids as ob (acaSensmins bv ae

TOA! Koda nemne ia o E ARE ES 26 1,197

* This county was inspected by George Gray, Newcastle, and A. R. Walsh, V.S., Perth.

132 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 65

Stormont—Concluded.

Makes. OO 2 lC~«<isi(i‘ et ae ae 2 aac i ‘a Townships. 3 eo | Type. > Be | I] oe OB Ge z ao.5 8 i 2 a < Cornwallcssiseareageeieadyen 281 Tal tt yxc. oc aige oeatshcls eg Geivotramnte ee Inferior. Osnabruck: :2.scae2 eoeeeuas 314 Lagi tiswcavs 2 ott nee goa beeee st Inferior. Roxborough..... * a takers 420 Dig Dtewwenty's a i34 ateivnyninasy see Fes Inferior. VCH sis uis-6:5.2 Scone ab xeerehesaneansrie 182 HIGH ic arcn sa eoats eee ss eee Inferior. Wintel Uae San indwhdnette 1,197 | Marzs Brep to DirFERENT CLASSES OF STALLIONS. Total. Serviceably sound. Not serviceably sound. —— se lage Ge lage) @ | ee | ese |e 22 S23 | 26 (263 | £ So |253/ 8 Aa | ase |) 28 | eee] 58 fe | eee! bg 3 @ ero) 5a 54.2 Se 5 @ 5 52 oe a Zi Za z <4 a zi <q ; § r$ Registered Stallions... 5 384 5 384 Oe Ail ice ciienanaell ors dntargen ecteh sreunakn ds Grade Stallions...... 20 813 15 477 6 5 336 Unenumerated...... Ay, lenahatae Sabatgsll leh ana-aussaucrss) Neuss Sexgaauesaedl eet canna a le boeeeaaeastel) Seal wemucind poocesees Totals ......... 26 | 1,197 20 861 |........ 5 886 Loo...

1906 ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO.

133

Summary for the Province showing by Counties the number of “ser-

viceably sound’”’ and also ‘‘not serviceably sound’ registered and grade stallions and the number of mares bred to them. : : ce Grade stal- Registered stallions pe eye oars Grade pay ene onaaiot serviceably sound. | 20t serviceably serviceably caries sound. sound. y sound. 3B 2 mn Name of County. a 3 F 5 | 5 5 | oa ro) ‘og wo) oa wo) ‘sa ls 56 | 5, | 8 | b | bf | Be | BSB. a a ay 4 5 ay oo 4 3B (28 | ad eS | 85 | $8 | §5 | $8 | 85. | £8) 85 Zi Zz Zz 4a Z A Z, z, Bruce .........2.2.... 50 4,563 16} + 1,408 18 | 1,162 4| 237 Brantinesrsy cys en tegen 18 1,270 Wilsess tenses 16 691 7 233 Carleton......2....... 29 1,860 1 823 21! 1,036 3 93 Dufferin.............. 18 15604 sun saaelleeeenesags 9 403 1 5 Dundas............... 16 1,509 2 185 9 412 4 275 *Durham.... ........ 68 3,909 13 262 12 350 2 33 FUSRE RS ssccicvtataes ose ce sees 36 TDS: |ems ne ioielltase bib Sieg ae 15 834 1 65 GIN: coors exaee dae 43 2,775 1 70 il BOD! |oLateerssleeee x nae HrOnten ati s ees x35 ee 8 466 4 260 9 875 11 411 Grenville............. 6 496 4 288 15 708 14 670 Glengarry ............ 16 1,219 1 125 8 652 6 360 GEOY vice mused ea pean ae 74 5,892 15 1,403 21) 1,290 5 | 272 Haldimand: «3... ccs0 17 1,452 2 227 26 1,318 3 163 Hal COM scence kd Ax wrens 15 986 6 230 12 708 1 35 FRU EOD iss. eeeaie aw icuiceneres 86 7,492 12 1,112 14 619 2 235 Hastings.............. 20 1,429 6 248 32 1,709 6 206 Koenttin regs eis yak sy gases 48 3,469 4 204 18) 1,118 1 25 Lambton. .. 2. ¢¢344 20 53 BOGS asereve soe-ae jecevuevena auanaus 27 1,469 |......[...... Linco) Nie osc, ¢ cca sewers 10 716 HE 40 13 AOD. crass alls eins Lanark 3 cc 29% tacks meres 19 1,441 1 27 10 470 3 155 PSEEUS sie. cg Greg essed ess 6 454 3 170 10 262 6 280 *Lennox & Addington. 8 598 8 586 15 642 16 635 Middlesex ............ 99 T2387 lores ae scdlineatiasan iy 3 21 1,087 1 25 NO rfO es ose acces se asanecsinne 41 DONG: | s 22s serenl eseuse san 29 1,522 4 265 Northumberland...... 28 1,547 4 360 26 1,122 4 102 Oxford esccsinscateeineuras 47 DASA. |i ckad aelaeienganae 28 | 1;359 7 98 Ontario: cine 232 «caer 104 4,397 2 179 7 Oe aac! ephehados POrthy a ieuoaie 38s ete 78 GP QD hese auscauel|etnaukand cares 13 641 4 141 Prince Edward........ 12 717 3 149 18 790 9 356 Peterborough......... 28 1,572 ‘4 168 21 820 9 204 Peele dacs we ceen earnest 44 2,073 4 331 17 DOE le edccal aca Prescobiiey ovascscwenunee 11 679) [ss ezecied| toca ie cles 34 1,298 2 85 Russells: cc's s sve ctaavidan 18 1,804 | ssn lense vegans 20 999 8 29 Renfrew..........-.5: 24 1,642 4 120 24 1,394 5 299 BimiCOes. 62 oo..suseeankis 81 5,991 8 624 29 1,413 2 65 *Stormont............ 5 SPE: Vivenseighlendspiticl Soak Sede, Heaps 15 477 a 336 *PVICtOVIA . eee 45 1,975 7 337 16 421 2 185 Welland. os. ccc ccsecnuns 12 859 1 50 15 DOE: Ibeicvactean| eyareeens Waterloo ............. 46 2,016 4 340 10 M68 ls casas] ea eau Wentworth........... 28 1,262 2 9 18 | 1,091 2 128 Wellington ........... 94 7,112 10 520 25 997 7 325 MV OT Koichi vere ents 106 4,793 5 370 13 788 1 116 Totals. 209 ss 1,615 | 108,109 169 11,225 740 | 35,202 | 163 | 7,127

* Unenumerated.—Durham, 4; Leeds, 5; Lennox and Addington, 2; Stormont, 1; Victoria, 8 ;

York,,9.

\

134 REPORT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION No. 63

Summary for the Province showing by Counties the per cent. of “‘ser- viceably sound’ and also ‘‘not serviceably sound’’ registered and grade stallions and the per cent. of mares bred to them.

Registered stalliongs|Registered stallions) Grade stallions os cae serviceably sound. | not bersaecebly ere serviceably z sound. sound. Sean. a Name of County. g = g a S QD wa) ra) a FS io) mn a) ro) wn Oo 5a 5 58 “5 Pea pe of 3 a Ss 2 od r= re) Ss a8 Beg a.m = ao & a 3 & a So ae bg 2 =z) oe se | gS | so | gh | be | §S | ba | 58 ay a om a | a a ay Bruce ajc c3cr 2 taees tae 57 62 18 19 20 16 5 3 Brant 6/54 cacamiesew Aen 43 DS ot 2 Wieanauns oa SS 38 31 17 11 Carleton............-- 45 49 17 22 33 27 5 2 DUNGaSs. isceiececcieun vrs tes 52 63 6 8 29 17 13 12 *Durham.............. 69 86 13 6 | 12 7 2 1 Dutferin 53.4 esa au a ew 64 TOs Nseries hey Meteatsara- ne 8 | 32 20 4 2 Wss0X ga ne peer eiglel: 69 TO |aicavaraged a sacs 29 23 2). 2 El gins wus oreaee tere dee 78 88 2 2 20 LON live ee ago 2 sisoene Frontenac ..222+ dee 25 31 13 17 28 25 BA 27 Grenville............. 16 23 10 13 38 33 | 36} 31 Glengarry ............ 52 52 38 5 26 28 | 19 165 GREE as. tichow fuse uh ws ne 65 67 13 16 18 14 | 4 3 Haldimand ........... 35 46 4 7 54 42 a 5 Halt@ns. coe ites ddueas 44 50 18 120/85 36 3 2 AON ese nten sterner 75 79 11 12 12 7 2 2 Hastings.............. 32 40 9 7 50 47 9 6 WONG ccesa ces geeeene see 68 72 6 4 25 23 1 1 Lanark sees 2 ece ny eek 58 70 3 1 30 22 Q 7 Lambton ............. 66 A sale as tial asa ke a 34 Vaan Gee eos ea Lincoln so ocje¢ea and cane 42 57 4 3 54 AOE ise Setculsgoarta #5 *Lennox & Addington. 16 24 16 24 31 26 33, . 26 FLGEOS 5.o cocina ie ave civtnte 20 39 10 15 33 23 20 23 Middlesex......,..... 82 Bis“ Ihabianlopalshiseed el ana ancauens tas 17 13 A: etapa ee Norfolleig a gs: ¢ asec wave 55 DO ‘lets etc nha oe cates 39 38 6 7 Northumberland...... 45 50 6 ll “2 3 7 3 Oxfords. ayvceeccaes nee 57 BB) eerie a aman eed yeas iacie 34 33 co] 2 Ontario: 2255 .254 4 aan 92 88 2 4 6 8 lugessl eres ce Peérthh vscecgecas eaux 82 89> ecesseyul sees sa eee 14 9 4 74 Prince Edward........ 29 36 ca 7 43 39 21 18 Peterborough......... 45 57 6 6 | 34 30 15 7 d £121) NO eS am ee 68 70 6 ll | 26 BOP (eae patted tena Prescott ............66 24 33 ren Cees 72 63 4 4 Russelles.: ca. varie -suotus 44 BOE M5 ba aoe a Weer entetntiaiati ds | 49 43 rf 1 Renfrew 's.i%ses8 eeeete 42 48 7 3 42 40 9 9 SIMCOE: s +305 494 Seems 67 74 7 8 24 7 2 1 *Stormont............ 19 OZ eacn cael a x leelgnden's eee 58 40 19 28 EN TCHOTIA: «css aiaescaunies 58 68 9 12 21 15 2 5 Welland.............. 43 59 4 4 53 Bie eave e Kasse nae Waterloo ........-.6.- 76 72 7 12 17 TB. | accostesens lis tate | die Wentworth........... 58 51 A | lacinacitias Ss 36 44 | 4 5 Wellington. .,.... 70 79 7 6 18 11 5 4 PYVORK a cnaghere ses oe 79 79 4 6 10 13 1 2 60 67 6 7 28 22 6 4

* Unenumerated.—Durham, 4 per cent.; Lennox and Addington, 4 per cent. ; Leeds, 17 per cent. ; Stormont, 4 per cent. ; Victoria, 10 per cent. ; York, 6 per cent. :

135

ON HORSE BREEDING IN ONTARIO.

1906

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County Reports: Page. Paes. BRONTE. ‘cercaceentiniandpageaetyssatecreaunniex marys 31 ISTO MN: stinteasianencernneecianeasnminins 44 BruGe: ysneccetrene cu enaiers 51 Middlesex: ssscesnesosmermapeadsnncy: 9 CAaVlStOM cesijansacacenescnegadteunesee 106 INOPEOUE cacsccicaic sereeanvas beee wees 37 DURST: rssciaisentereeniendiarnacionnnen 67 Northumberland .............000 97 Dd as? seciesianeacpisietourdentvseatvuecemstivcsies 116 Ontarion spec. inantemnnnnnanrrncunieses 81 Durham’ svccomencasnasivacannssccass 95 OPO - gx senennanaoncaminentnenresndeenet 34 FOLB IY, - sacie iceman chwnneiemen as connaiers 18 POG): aces ccaastaccmavisenn ae aosieseans 71 MSSO%e, s82 aaa tae eee se 13 IPORGhy . nesses son ienstessieneneiss aac Gscs 59 FronmtOnae! cicccscanuamoximncemicsten 124 Peterborough ............c ce 89 Glengarry sesuesaniindsmeasstan 114 Prescotts | s:assc nt ewcanseteinttonsitotresnecine 102 Grenville: 2 ceseeenceee eoiee 120 Prince Edwaid .............0:00000 99 GE ie scrote wiseuumuniticgetecmmaneaiens 54 RREMEPEW: causccennwosansmemientdinncded 108 PRAGMA: cscccnreraasessnaterncaniis 89 RUSSELL et -garsieancmencaecceamatienmnneos 104 Valo ink ~sviestzecesssisdasicttintisinntsauronatinticnvse 26 Sime: smanunhenecaeata setiedanianaende 73, Flastings: sascrnceencesenseewaneens 86 Stormont: ssesossumsienewacees 181 Huron eects 48 WICTORIE: .. hacenisnsaacntven scessadteeisuds 91 15 Waterloo oo... ccceceeceece reat ete 61 21 Weell and as setierrcsepeinsciomtannearsngreercaens 42 110 Wellington 63 121 Wentworth a 28 126 MOTs sis eis rasadneiae cs Gansaneasnaibce 78 DistRicts, COUNTIOS COMPOSING: es iccsecoxssucseemeararecdeyscaietegum acres Gee ate Qos 7 District Reports: . Pace. Pace. D)ASTRIG Els - deca vayaacastednccmnpnnrwnae 24 Distri¢t 5 acsoscsuin wz BS use tn ai 83 DiS GET) asctecrecteegcsceraintoeenanveteitortovtee 46 Districts Ge sccanise oavass ay a. sens 101 DaSbEICE IB? jeenecsrasseraatemebiraril nite, 58 District 7 ... ..... seek ue 18 District: 4: nrscaceaecdsseieeckh as 69 District 8... eee 129 Inspectors, Names or, and Districts INSPECTED .........00. ce eee octets 7 Inspectors, Specian Report or: = Pace \ Page. Arkell, H. S., B.S.A.....0.. 129 DEVINE GAS Sei sa ieisiniuseetoesminnen 101 Boag, John: An. ccccscnticccacaene 69 ONES; “Wats. 2.cesiaecnaenncrssmreecaninenen 69 Brights TOWN: swcecerantegaevaangenige 58 Keyd@y. Wie Be. eaccaticseeueneencns 113 Gain, Wim, ViS. senassngennoncrce 46 Mossipy Wime. ...cscergsveescetetsa 83 Christie, Peter, M.P. ........... 69 McMillan, Thos. .........00..0.00... 83 Clarkes Vic Giasvctasusitnetteut nae 101 Reed, H. G., V.S. oe. 58 Gardhouse, John .................. 46 Sinclair, Jas., We iSoe cacnanaranenteds 129 Graham, JcD syasseeraweeseoncs 24 Smithy. “Wiis cice.cuies cng cheasanaie 24 Gray, George ...........cccccceeee ee 113 PRTROD UO BION» c5.cesea:svssesseeaessertilesibie olneusisatheesantasartce tes hne anita aeeone etched eeepnln aso ebhetoee sel iatenteelir aan 5 Pustico Meetines, Puacts AND DATES OF ..........cccececeeeecceenene ce eee te see vette eee ees ia SUMMARIES: : Showing number of each class of stallions in each COMI tees ie ce eomoehiceas 133 Showing percentage of each class of stallions in cach County ... ......00..ce 134 Showing number 6f each breed in the Province ..........06. 0005. .005 CssineaunCas 185

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