NEW YORK STATE SOLLEGE OF AGRICULTUR! BEPARTMENT OF FLORIGULTIRE AND ORNAMENTAL RORTIGOLTURE CORNELL UNIVERSITY ITHACA, N. Y. LIBRARY Department of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003408907 HOW TO GROW ROSES DEDICATED TO THE FLOWER-LOVING PEOPLE OF AMERICA TWELFTH EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED 1916 THE CONARD & JONES CO. WEST GROVE, PA. Copyright 1916, by The Conard & Jones Co. Contents Tue AMATEUR’s RosE-GARDEN EsTaBLisHING IDEALS Tue Rose-Lover’s CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS Wuere To Prant Roszs . PREPARING TO Grow Roses Drainage Soils Fertilizers . When to Plant Treatment on Arrival PLANTING Staking the Roses Labeling Platting Mulching . ProTEcTING THE Roses From Frost . From Enemies PRUNING . . How to Use This Pruning Information . Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses SELECTING THE RosEs . . Terms Used to Describe Appropriate ‘Uses One Hundred and Fifty-Eight Choice Roses Roses For Various Purposes anp UsEs SELECTIONS FOR SPECIAL SECTIONS OF THE UNitED STATES OF AMERICA ; : The Pacific Northwest _ J. A. Currey Minneapolis and Vicinity. . . Theodore Wirth New York and Lower New England. . . Rev. E. M. Mills Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . Admiral Aaron Ward Philadelphia and Vicinity . . Dr. Robert Huey Washington, D. C., and Points South Dr. W. Van Fleet The South Atlantic and Gulf States C. Wintzer Chicago and the North. W. C. Egan THe INcREASING REGARD FOR Roses The American Rose Society Rose Test-Gardens Municipal Rose-Gardens A Famous Rose-GArDEN . Tue Rep Rose Cuurcn at MaNHEIM Rose-BeEabs . ATTAR OF RosEs. Hypripizinc. BIBLIOGRAPHY . Synonymous Rosgs . ANALYSIS OF SPECIES . Roses ARRANGED IN CLASSES. INDEX .... WOOT RxY 4 ‘HIS little book is designed to help the reader laa CBs vealize that by setting out the right plants of \.S the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers may be had from these selfsame plants dur- ing the last days of May, with a continuity of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts of lateautumn herald the approaching winter. er are now able to have an all-summer ‘‘feast of roses,” as well as the skilled professional, and it is the amateur’s rose-garden, especially, that we have had in mind when writing the following pages. A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be made a summer-long delight. In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air- castles about the plants. When the warm days of June arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and you may go from one plant to another, giving each a little daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day ts a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have tried it realize, it is also food for the soul. Rose-growing among amateurs in this country is yet in its mfancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone grew roses. Dazzling vistas of roses were to be seen in the 4 HOW TO GROW ROSES hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra- ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because it is without a peer among all the flowering plants. It presents nearly every floral shade, m combinations far more attractive than exotic orchids, and, above all, its delicious fragrance gives us the enjoyment of another sense—the crowning feature, in which no other flower can compete with it. Since history was first written the rose has been asso- ciated with the most important events in the life of man. For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen of Flowers, honored alike by poet and king. Yet such vari- eties as Ophelia, Sunburst, and Frau Karl Druschki, the ancients never knew! Why, then, should not you and yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-century roses, to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of those around you? Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses; just a little daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the result to you and your neighbors will be the glory of the Queen of Flowers. The Glory of the Queen of Flowers AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5 Establishing Ideals First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan. Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or beautified. A variety of types, shown on the followmg pages, is available, and choosing from these will become a delight. Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound- ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden beyond the curve in your garden-walk. The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness. In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as in the formal garden. In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects, for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or even for certain types of hedges. Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which to cut bouquets, so that “the Glory of the Garden” may be reflected in your home. “Good taste” will suggest the right roses—one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining- room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times for ‘state occasions.” Surely anyonewho has experienced the exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill needed to make the best use of Nature’s garden-gifts. 6 HOW TO GROW ROSES The Rose-Lover’s Calendar of Operations These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver- age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you live north or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for every 100 miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example, the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging as much as three weeks earlier one year than it will be the following spring. March 15.—Such hardy roses as are already planted should now be pruned. March 25 to 30.—As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more closely than older established bushes. April 10.—Less hardy roses, including the Everblooming class, should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the Increas- ing heat of the sun permits. April 15.—-Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines. April 25 to 30.—Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these from the sun will prove an advantage. May 1 to 10.—As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying with rose nicotine or sulpho-tobacco soap will act as a preventive against aphides (green fly). May 20.—As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off the aphides, otherwise they will multiply with amazing speed. May 25.—Now starts the season’s procession of bloom, led by the sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the Hybrid Perpetual roses with liquid manure. - June 1.—With this month we see the true glory of the “Feast of oses. June 5.—Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten gallons of water. June 10.—Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result. June 20 to 30.—Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew and apply the remedy. _ July 1.—Keep the soil well stirred, A dust mulch at this season is important, CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 7 July 4.—Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har- vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc. July 10—From now till autumn keep a sharp lookout for signs of fungoid troubles—such as (1) mildew, (2) black spot, or (3) yellow leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture. If any aphides appear, use rose nicotine. July 15.—Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and other duatas noted under chapter on pruning. July 20.—Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings, old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss.’ August 30.—Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their “Fall Flower Show.” As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbor or manure- water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll be proud of. September 10.—Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time. October 15.—Make ready your new beds for next year. November 15.—After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your roses, pages 2-6, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the more tender kinds. Thanksgiving Day.—As soon as the ground has frozen, all should be safely nestled in their winter beds. WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW December.—Read Dean Hole’s “The Book of Roses.”? (See Bib- liography, page 105.) January.—Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers. February.—Order your new ‘‘Made in America’’ roses. This shows how ‘York and Lancaster’’ may be used (page 62) “Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses; just a little daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the result to you and your neighbors is the glory of the Queen of Flowers.” CHOOSING THE LOCATION 9 Where to Plant Roses Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be found on the average home-grounds. The author has had the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are famous—and others that deserve to be—and this may be said of nearly all: that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler breezes, and were not shut in or shaded. When buying a new property, the selection of the most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden. You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the mdoor nursery, where “‘the little fairies’ in your home may romp and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide for the happmess and well-being of your rose-children, because only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty, sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too, that may ruin the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe fruits of your labor. Choose a place, therefore, or establish one, protected either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or climbers, upon a substantial trellis will avail, although a more dense screen is more effective. Choose, too, a place where tne sun will shine for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning. By this you will see that a space opening away to the south or southeast is to be preferred. We have noted equally suc- cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges. Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of tree-roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos- sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed 10 HOW TO GROW ROSES near them, put m a partition on the tree side to keep back the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about 4 inches thick, will last longer. Another point to remember is that “roses do not Itke wet feet.”” They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub- jected to standing in undrained ground. Avoid very low ground for this reason, and also because it is more subject to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew. Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi- tions as possible, because, while no point is absolute, all are important. Don’t stop or give up for the lack of some one of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex- President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto: “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower. {t lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed by no other so fittingly, i our estimation, as by Dean Hole: “He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration, This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN s11 the enthusiasm and the passion, but the ten- derness, the thoughtfulness, the reverence, the watchfulness of love.” The rosarian of be- loved memory understood the secret. And i : would that we Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures Americans had more, like him, to spread the love for beautiful roses, as well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for the Queen of Flowers. “Make a picture of your lawn.’ This is the first principle of Ilandscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide you, then select places for your roses where they will do best and give you the most pleasure. Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the‘‘rose species,” serve a very useful purpose when planted among the shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64 to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if segregated and not mixed too much with other plants. The location will help to decide the shape of your bed, and it is mainly a matter of taste as to whether it shall be straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential point to remember is this: You will want to get within arm’s reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably 4% feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow. Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they are very vigorous growers, In which case allow 2 feet for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most sroMmoTy yurd Auryes ‘yorr ‘asav] Surpraoid Aysnonurjuos oF USIvyNdaa sil saarasap I] “@SOY BAY, PUGATPY [BAOI VSI TOOLSAL ANIIOWUVO AWW SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS 13 luxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example, in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine continuous effect may be had by spacing them in the row g ° ) ° e , @ at only 12 inches apart. This diagram showsabed | 2® o G-181-9-04 3 feet wide for two rows. A bed this width, “staggered,” will require twelve roses to every 9 feet, twenty-four roses if 18 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion. The young garden in the picture below is well done. Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from 4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose- gardens in England. Up the wall on either side climbing roses have been started. The front bed on the left in the picture is 414 feet square, and contains nine roses. The front bed on the right, if 434 feet wide by 6 feet long, would contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk is 414 feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty-four roses; and the long bed in the rear on the left, if 434 feet wide by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses. 18 1- t 8PI old LONG Lh. The formal garden is incomplete without roses 14 HOW TO GROW ROSES Preparing to Grow Roses Having chosen the location and decided upon the size and shape of your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil. Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National Rose Society of England, has said: “After years of rose-grow- ing in places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and the climate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins success.” A very successful grower of roses in New York State once remarked to a meeting of his rose society: “I would rather plant a 15-cent rose in a 40-cent hole than plant a 50-cent rose in a 14-cent hole.” He was wise. The author recalls visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one day when the roses in one bed were beng moved. Those roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the bed in which they were growing had been prepared to that depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been Juxuriantly magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough soil-preparation. Drainage One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court success, that is ample drainage. “Wet feet’’ for roses are no more conducive to health and happiness than for children. Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage, and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than your fist, broken bricks, clinkers, or other suitable material that will readily “take” the water from above. The soil is seldom so retentive as to require tiling to take the water away and, indeed, nine Wf; A Ue KO*S times out of ten no arti- Mi, Se ficial drainage at all will Layers os stones om = are not = if the ground is naturally well drained be needed Z< Ss Qax 4h << Le PREPARING THE BEDS 15 Soils The good Ioam so often found directly beneath the sod is excellent, but is greatly improved by being broken, even pulverized, to a depth of at least two spades and thoroughly mixed with about one-third its bulk of rotted manure. Fresh manure must never be allowed to touch the rose-roots. Indeed, the more thorough-going way is to make sure of the nether layer of soil by removing the upper one. First of all, peel off the sod (it will produce excellent compost, see section on “‘Fertilizers’’); next take out the top layer of soil to the depth of 1 foot and pile it nearby. If the soil below that is good, rich loam, or a fair mixture of clay and loam, it may remain. Loosen this with a garden fork to a depth of another foot, preferably not upturning it, and mix with it well-decomposed manure, and then put back the top layer of loam in which to plant your roses. If, on the other hand, you find the subsoil poor, barren, and unproductive, you may have to remove it altogether. Haul it away,and put your chopped-up sods in the bottom, grass- side down, to rot and make future plant-food. If you have ready from the previous year a compost made by mixing one- half or two-thirds of sod, with the balance of manure from the cow-stables, use it in the bottom of your bed, and make a future storehouse of rich nourishment for your roses. Another hint: A few broken bones may be mixed with the soil in the bottom of the trench, say a peck for a bed holding a dozen roses. These will decay slowly, and furnish plant-food for three or four years to come. Not all roses like the same soils. The Hybrid Perpetuals, for example, love a heavy clay or loam. So do the heavier- growing climbers; whereas the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons and the like, revel in a lighter soil and a warmer one, with less than 50 per cent clay or loam, and more sand or leaf-mold. Rugosas thrive even in quite sandy soil. “Tt is difficult to give the roses too rich soil.” If your soil is light and sandy, and you cannot well replace it entirely, it may be greatly improved by mixing a little clay or rich loam 16 HOW TO GROW ROSES with it when trenching. If your soil seems too heavy, it can be made lighter and more open by adding sand, or even coal- ashes. To be good for roses, the soil must be such as will not quickly transmit to the roots sudden surface changes of temperature. The roots should be kept cool. If it be pos- sible after the soil in your bed has been prepared, give it time, say two or three months, to settle before planting your roses. If this be out of the question, press with your feet each layer of soil in your bed, as you proceed to fill it in. Fertilizers While manure from the cow-stable is best, you can draw upon the horse-stable, sheep-pens, or pig-sty with expectation of good results, and “night soil,” mixed with dry soil, or sand, and well composted is excellent. Well-rotted leaves are fair, but too light except for heavy soils. Commercial fer- tilizers, such as ground bone or guano, may be used with advantage if handled with discretion. A rule to remember is never to let any “green” or “raw’’ manure come close to the roots of your roses, but see that it is buried well beneath the root reach, or applied as a top-dressing. After your roses have been planted, the best time to apply manures is just as the ground begins to freeze in the autumn. Let it serve as a protection over winter, and dig It in next spring, being care- ful, however, not to disturb the roots. Far better than surface-coating is the ample supply of fertilizer placed well under the roots in the bottom of your beds, before you plant your roses, because roots travel toward their food-supply. By thus enticing them downward, you develop a strong, deep root-growth down into the reservoir of stored-up food and moisture, so that, when dry weather comes, they will not hunger and thirst, as they would with only surface roots. Surface application of manure-water is quite a different matter, as that will percolate down to the deepest roots. It is said that roses draw most upon the soil when bloom- ing, and we find you can almost see the results from applica- tion (when the flower-buds begin swelling) of liquid manure, THE PROPER FOOD FOR ROSES 17 Nearly every child is fond of flowers concocted by catching the drain from the manure-pile, or one-third of a bushel of manure in a bag and soaked in a barrel of water. Apply this as a weak tea, not too strong, but frequently, say twice a week. When it is more convenient, a sprinkling of bone-dust on the surface before a rain will answer the same purpose. Even with the best care, it may prove necessary in some locations, say after six or eight years, to renew the roses or move the bed, adopting the farmer’s principle of rotation of crops. When to Plant Tell us where you would grow roses, and we will tell you when to plant them. The most carefully laid down dates for New York State are “null and void” in New Orleans. Proper planting-time in the same state may vary according to differ- 18 HOW TO GROW ROSES ences in altitude and latitude. Where the winters are not too severe, as In our Gulf and Pacific Coast States, and the next tier of states north, autumn-planting is to be preferred. North of the line of the Ohio River, only our hardier varieties, such, for example, as the Hardy Climbers and Hybrid Perpetuals, Ru- gosas, Moss and Pernet- ianas, will withstand the first winter out, if autumn-planted. As a matter of general practice, there are, doubtless, ten times as many roses planted in spring as in autumn. For the latitude of Philadelphia, dormant roses should be planted as soon in spring as the soil is dry enough to crumble in the hand, and plantings may continue till mid- April. Growing roses from pots should not be set out until danger from frost is past, usually the last week in April. If you live north of 40 degrees latitude, defer planting from this date by one week for every hundred miles. Do not attempt any planting operations with the ground frozen, or the ther- mometer below 45 degrees Fahr. Roses from pots, when shipped with soil on the roots, may be planted at any time through the growing season, even through the summer. Treatment on Arrival Think of your roses as living creatures, even though they be asleep (dormant) when you first get them. Unwrap them with the greatest care; never expose the roots to the drying action of the spring winds for a moment. A plant with bare roots exposed to the dry air is like a fish out of water. Untie the bundles so as not to break, bark or bruise either root or branch. Should the plants, through delay in transit, come dried out, as occasionally happens, soak the balls of earth and roots in water; if the stems also have dried out, bury the whole plant in damp earth for three or four days till the TREATMENT ON ARRIVAL 19 When this little girl grows up and has a garden of her own, she too fi will know how to grow fine roses. shriveled branches regain their natural plumpness. If you cannot plant the roses when they arrive, “heel them in” in the garden until you are ready to plant them. This is done by digging a trench deep enough thoroughly to cover all roots and even lower branches of each bundle of roses. It will be better to untie the bundles so that the roots can be more thoroughly covered. Press down this soil-cover firmly. 20 HOW TO GROW ROSES Planting When ready to plant, remember again that roots must be kept from the wind. Spring winds are so drying that fatal damage may occur from a few minutes of exposure. The best plan, when planting, is to keep the roots covered with a damp piece of burlap, or of other packmg-material. Next make the holes in the bed, which should have been prepared as shown on page 15, and make them large enough to accommodate the roots in a natural and uncramped posi- tion, neither too deep nor too shallow (see illustration). Do not spread the roots out flat, but pot them down, slanting outward. Use care to keep the roots from direct contact with the manure, lest the roses get indigestion. It is a good plan to dip the roots, before planting, in a thm mud made by mixing loam or clay with water. Settle well-pulverized soil in around the roots, so as to fill up every air-space, and so that every single root shall be entirely encased in soil. When the hole ts half-filled, and roots covered, press the soil down firmly with the hands; then fill the hole with water, and let itdrain away; fill in Jevel with soil, and tamp it care- fully but securely; then give a final covering of soil, which should be about level with the surrounding turf, but not high enough to let the water run away when it rains. Also protect from the bright sunshine for a few days. Too deep Too shallow, and Just right Right, and banked set wrong for winter For splendor, beauty and impressiveness the red Rose stands préeminent, and among the Hybrid Perpetuals the J. B. CLARK, shown above, is a variety with real merit. Among the more recent introductions in this class should also be mentioned Hugh Dickson, Barbarossa, George Dickson and Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau. Can you imagine any flower more exquisitely appropriate, either worn singly or in display for the most important occasions, than a freshly opened bloom like the above? Important celebrations and state occasions are coming more and more to depend upon the Rose for its decorative value, satisfying the mind and heart, as well as the eyes, of all observers. HOW TO GROW ROSES ie) is) Staking the Roses Standard or Tree roses, unless extraordinarily sturdy and planted where they are protected from the winds, will be the better for staking. The stake should come well up to the head of the roses. Place it while planting, for if it is driven later It may Injure an Important root. Bush roses seldom need staking when planted, although this is a matter for atten- tion according to the needs of individual varieties. Plants should never be permitted to sway about or become loose at the collar. If the sun be warm within the next day or two after you plant, the bush will be the better for being shaded, as well as for mulch about the roots. Labeling Rose-growing with labels is by far the most delightful kind. You lose half the pleasure if you lose the names, to say nothing about the satisfaction of accumulating infor- mation. The importance of labeling is really great. Do it when you plant as a part of the operation; otherwise, It Is likely to be overlooked. The growers’ labels are not likely to Jast more than one season, and then it becomes dreadfully embarrassing not to know what to call your plant-children, whether you want to scold or caress them. Choose the label with fewest faults. Copper Labels These are made of light sheet copper, eyeleted and wired ready to use as soon as the name of the plant { is inscribed. The copper labels are very light, and are therefore most suitable for hanging on the branches of your roses in a conspicuous place, not to be disturbed until you begin your pruning. Then, if necessary, remove them to some other part of the plant not in danger from your shears. But any type of label that must be wired on the bush may constrict and check the life of the stem or branch on which it hangs. Therefore, a better way Le LABELING 23 to use these copper labels is to suspend them on a stout wire stake alongside the plant, so that no removing will be necessary unless the rose is being transplanted to some other part of your garden, when, of course, the label should go along with it. This shape of label is now available in celluloid faced with perfectly transparent mica. See right-hand cut at bot- tom of page 22. Stake Labels Many of the stake labels are good, but if low are apt to become spattered with mud. The garden clubs are often good guides mm such matters. The Lake Forest Club members prefer this one It cannot damage the plant or be in the way when pruning. It is high enough above ground to escape the mud- splash and likewise may be read without stooping. Another commendable quality, is tts unobtrusiveness. We call it the “‘earden-club label.” It is a sheet-metal tag suspended from the goose-neck top of a No. g galvanized iron wire 15 inches Iong, to be placed upright in the ground. The plant- name may be written on it with an ordinary steel pen, using indelible ink made by dissolving a copper cent in sulphuric acid diluted with five parts of water. Or, if preferred, paint C2 the label and stake green and the letters in white. : /| The Mann Plant-Label Another zinc Jabel that has proved most satisfac- tory for labeling hardy climbing roses and shrubs is the Mann plant-label. The accompanying illustration shows how this label is made, and the head for the writing is bent at the proper angle so the legend can be read easily. The stem is shaped so it takes firm hold of the soil, will not heave by action of frost, or rot as wooden labels will, nor is it easily dislodged by rakes or animals. If accidentally stepped on, it will bend '/ but not break. Writing is permanent (see formula 24 HOW TO GROW ROSES for ink, page 23) so that names and dates are not Jost by rust or peeling, as on iron labels; and, if by chance the name has to be erased, this can be done with emery cloth. Only one size is made, viz., 914 inches in length, by 314 inches in width at the top. The Simplex Label The Simplex Iabels have recently been greatly improved. You should know them. Placed securely on the top of a suitable metal stake, 16 inches long, isa 114- by 234-inch metal frame, with solid back, tilted at an angle of about 45 ) degrees, whose legend is easily read and weather- proof. In this frame is a slightly roughened celluloid card on which to write the name, date, etc., with a pencil, and over this, for protection, is slipped in a clear smooth piece of mica. They are too new to have been tried thoroughly, but we predict wide use for them. They are painted neutral green, and in every respect seem, to the writer, calculated to meet the tastes and requirements of the most exacting. The objection which some people have for labels is that they are so unsightly and spoil the appearance of the rose-beds, but the wire-staked green ones are most unobtrusive. The most elite rose- labels we have ever found were those used by M. Graver- eaux, where, on top of metal stakes were screwed flat, oval name-plates of porcelain, with the names burned in. Platting But the “best laid” labels sometimes go wrong, and in some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be entirely protected, you can take out label insurance. Some people think this is more important than labeling. Draw a diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers indicate on it the Jocation of each rose. With this make out and keep a key-list of roses lettered or numbered to corre- spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict that such a list will prove its value before the end of the second year. CONSERVING THE MOISTURE 25 Mulching There is a double object tn this: First, to retain the mois- ture; and, second, better to preserve a suitable temperature in the soil. What is called a “dust-mulch,’”’ maintained by frequent hoeing, is, perhaps, the best method, although, where the summers are warm, a covering in early July of long “‘strawy” cow- or horse-stable manure that will not heat, will accomplish the same object. The illustrious ama- teur rose-grower, George C. Thomas, Jr., of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., keeps the surface of the soil in his beds about 2 or 4 inches below the boundary turf, and then he fills the beds level full with peat-moss, which acts not only as a mulch, but effectually stops weed-growth. This we look upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding and otherwise seemed beneficial, tj * Roses where everyone may enjoy them 26 HOW TO GROW ROSES DP ops Roses in the outdoor living-room Protecting the Roses From Frost W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of northern Illinois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over winter, as also does Mr. Orpet, Superintendent for Mr. McCormick; and yet, north of Chicago, where they live, the severe winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan, often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, living north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his Hybrid Teas so that they trrumphantly weather zero winters. On the famous shore-front at Newport, Rhode Island, we found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup- posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C., green and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter season, But the protection had been very thorough, WINTER- PROTECTION 27 Obviously, there is no danger where there is no frost. Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you are visited with zero weather, let “‘preparedness” be your rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush. Ashes are sometimes used, but nothing we know of is better than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but always allow for the circulation of ai. A 3- or 4-inch blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth of 10 or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light material on top to keep them in place. A 12-inch fence of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pine trees, hay, straw, or cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing, which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason, too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at one time (see calendar). A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest sections of the United States is thus vividly described: 28 HOW TO GROW ROSES Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden iid . . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood. We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis- couraged late growth. The last week m October we gave the beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants as high as we could with material taken from between the plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The garden was then left in this condition until there were 3 or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled in with dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay. PROTECTING THE ROSES 29 “Tt will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir- culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro- tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in bringing the plants through winter in very good condition.” (Article, ‘The Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden im Lyndale Park,” by Theodore Wirth, in ““The American Rose Annual,” 1916, pages 79, 80.) Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important. Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection more than the point where stock and branches join. Another method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more inches of earth till danger of frost is past in spring, when they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca- tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec- tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench in the vegetable garden. Protecting Roses from Enemies Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because “prevention is better than cure.” Vigorous, healthy plants are seldom troubled much. The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward Mawley, Secretary of the National Rose Society of England, are these: ‘(Keep sharp watch out for the first appearance of insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for destruction at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted until a cure has been effected.” Our Lady Rosa likes cleanliness above all things, and will respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy. 30 HOW TO GROW ROSES Insects Probably our worst enemy to roses is the Rosz CHaFER (“Rose Bug’’), which is particularly severe on sandy soils. For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene is effective, or a half pound of arsenate of lead tn twelve gallons of water, or bordeaux mixture (one ounce to one and a half gallons of water). Spray on every two weeks through June and July as a preventive. This is also a good remedy for the Rose-Stuc, which skeletonizes the leaves. It works from the under side of the foliage so when goimg after it, turn the foliage down side up and spray it thoroughly. APpuHIpEs, or GREEN F Lies, attack the plants during May and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and suck the life-blood from the leaves. A vigorous spraying of Thompson’s rose nicotine or whale-oil soap will settle them. ScaLe seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses. Use scalecide or lime-sulphur wash. Diseases Of the fungous diseases, Powpery Mitpew is by far the worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized as a white mold appearing on the foliage, which, if not checked, will spread. This is most likely to occur in warm, damp weather, and certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub- ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, applied at fortnightly intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). As a cure, flowers of sulphur dusted on the foliage is recom- mended, also “grape dust.’” For Briack-Spot, Rust, and other fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also promptly remove and burn foliage thus affected. Bup-Ror. Outer petals turn brown and buds fail to open. No satisfactory remedy is known. The beginner need not be dismayed at the above array of troubles that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered as a “first aid to the mjured.” As a matter of fact, not all the above pests are likely to appear in the same garden. It is not so complicated or difficult as might appear. PRUNING INFORMATION 31 Pruning If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut them back rather severely at the time of planting—to three or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a bud that points out, never above one that points toward the center of the plants. The term bud or eye is used to define the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They are easily distinguished, as they look like small, poimted warts on the stems. If the plants are in Jeaf when planted, the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning determines the quantity and the size of the flowers. The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display (As recommended by the N. R. S. of England) middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this time, dead and weak wood may be much more easily dis- tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems. Other newer Roses of related color and great merit are Lady Hillingdon, Sunburst and Miss Alice de Rothschild. PRUNING INFORMATION 33 decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and best flowers are wanted, then severe pruning is necessary (see 1, page 34); if a large crop of average flowers, then only moderate pruning (see 2, page 34); but, where a quantity of bloom is preferred, only a little pruning is necessary (see 3, page 34). When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong canes to about six eyes, the top one point- ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter of an inch above the bud. If you want only a few big flowers, cut back to only three or four buds. For the big outdoor |, display, leave four to seven canes two- thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid Teas will need the same attention, but there should be as much or more wood left. In case the winter may have killed the canes, cut back to live wood, even if down to the surface of the soil. These rules are modified somewhat by the character of the plant. The weaker- growing varieties can be cut back farther than strong-growing sorts. The strong- growing kinds, if cut back too heavily, will run to wood, and in the case of some— Ohlone Gloire Lyonnaise, for instance—too heavy sas as a pruning may kill the plant. The Bourbon roses need but little pruning. Cut back the stems a few inches. This is also true of the Austrian Briar roses, of the Wichuratanas andthe Ramblers, which should not be pruned much in autumn or spring, but just after the flowering season, to produce wood for next season’s bloom. Climbing and Pillar roses need be cut back but one- third to one-fifth, and on old well-established plants, the old, enfeebled wood should also be taken out. The base of the branches may be prevented from becom- ing bare. Instraight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving 34 HOW TO GROW ROSES little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked by putting sharp bends in the stems within 2 feet of the ground, and foliage will be produced the whole length of the stem. To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to 10 inches of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and aha a also the list of 158 roses on pages e a ae. 43 to 62.) Zz In autumn extra-long canes will “need to be cut back a little, and perhaps tied to a stake or support, to prevent swaying and the con- sequent damage to the roots. How to Use This Pruning Information Refer to pages 43 to 62 for va- Xiu Tieties on which information is de- reid. sired. Opposite each name will be The way to prune and thin found abbreviated directions for out elaine soses pruning. [Illustrations herewith will further explain the instructions. The key to these di- rections Is fully explained on this and the succeeding page. 1. Harp. Thin out to the base all but from three to five shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes on each shoot. 2. MoperaTety Harp. Thin out as No. 1, and cut each shoot back to about five to ten eyes. 3. Mepium. Thin out as No. 1; leave four to seven shoots; shorten these shoots to about half their length. 4. SPARINGLY. Thin out as No. 1; leave four to seven shoots, which should be merely tipped. 5. Tuin. No pruning required; thin out annually. 6. None. No pruning required; thin out every two or three years, just to keep the plant within bounds. 7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7 can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the PRUNING INFORMATION 35 stems show plainly that they are old and past domg good ser- vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three years. Kinds marked + are more likely to need it than kinds marked —. The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary, Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes, where the climate is warm enough not to kill back the main stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as to leave from two to ten eyes. Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or large flowers. Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity of flowers. “Nore 1.—Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the produc- tive power, and the appearance of the plant. It consists of two distinct operations: (1) The removal of dead, weak, overcrowded, or otherwise useless shoots. Unripe wood which in the spring will usually be found to have discolored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut clean away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the shorten- ing of those shoots which are allowed to remain after the thinning-out process has been completed. “The most frequent errors made in pruning are (1) leaving too many shoots when thinning out; (2) pruning severely the shoots of varieties which require little, if any, shortening ; (3) pruning Heke the varieties which require severe pruning ; (4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots and cutting these to a uniform length all over the plant in the same way that a hedge is clippe ‘ “In thinning out a shoot, it should be either cut clean away to the base of the plant, or to its starting-point on the older shoot from which it springs, as the case may be. When the plant has been pruned, the shoots should be left as nearly as pos- sible equidistant from each other, and regu- larly arranged around it so that it presents a well-balanced appear- hin ance on all sides.”— 1. Pruning-shears for heavy work National Rose Society’s 2. Flower-scissors that cut and hold the stem. i 3. Flower-scissors strong and convenient for light work. Hand-Book on Pruning. 36 HOW TO GROW ROSES Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety has been joined and made to grow onto the root of a “wild” rose. An own-root rose never borrowed roots. It stands on its own feet, so that, if the top be winter-killed, the new growth from the root will bloom true as at first. Not so with the budded or grafted rose. If the top be killed, the ‘‘wild” root is worth- Tess; throw it out. As a general rule, for application over a broad area, the experience of many people in many different localities indicates a preference for own-root roses in as many varieties as will 4/ make satisfactory and vigorous growth. Some varieties, however, when grown on their own roots, are not thrifty and vigorous. Such kinds should be obtained in plants that have been budded or grafted onto roots of a j ma be distin- guished from the own-root by knot- formation. of the former. See arrow. stronger-growing rose in order to obtain the desired growth and abundant bloom. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and other stocks are used for this purpose. When planting own- root roses, set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the soil on the stem indicates it grew before. When planting budded or grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top and root an inch below the surface of the soil, and watch for suckers. If there appears any growth originating below the union, dig away the soil and cut it off close up to the stem; ' DTT Tas The process of budding \ otherwise it may grow up and crowd out the flower- bearing part of the plant. These suckers usually show 7 or 9 leaflets. CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS 37 Selecting the Roses This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita- tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The most complete collection in any one plantation that has come under our observation we did not attempt to count. It is said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every known species and every variety now obtainable in the civilized world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L’Hay, will be found more fully described on page 098.) The average number of roses actually in commerce in the different countries abroad prior to August I, I914, was approximately one thousand, , while a half of that is the average number The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins. A good example of the Wichuraiana family 38 HOW TO GROW ROSES offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products can be relied upon as true to name. When we recall that the average amateur must confine his selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a proper selection is quite apparent. Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University, and editor of that standard authority, “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture,” says: “The success of the rose in this country ts very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties.” Pemberton, in his excellent work on roses, says to be- ginners: “State your requirements to a friend who is an expert and leave the selection to him.”” This book would be a “friend” to every rose-grower,—how “expert”? you must judge from its contents. America is a big country, and allowances must be made for differences in soil, climate, and other conditions. Rules are offered for use and application by the reader to the conditions that obtain in his or her locality. If there arise conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual problems. Where do you live? The answer to this question is the first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie- ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor- ous climbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con- tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip- tions of 158 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla- nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms used. We state after the name of each rose: (1) the class to which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char- acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men- tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.); (5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune SELECTING THE ROSES 30 Rosa Wichuraiana has shiny green foliage nearly all the year the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeav- ored to avoid all exaggeration. After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs is indicated by the following abbreviations: SeEcTION I T.—Tea B.—Bourbon C.—China H.T.—Hybrid Tea P.—Polyantha T.P.—Tea Polyantha Section IT N.—Noisettes C.T.—Climbing Tea C.H.T.—Climbing Hybrid Tea C.P.—Climbing Polyantha C.T.P.—Climbing Tea Polyantha Section III A.B.—Austrian Briar. Per.— Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian Briar D.—Damask H.P.—Hybrid Perpetual M.—Moss Pr.—Provence R.—Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa Section IV Mult.—Multiflora Bank.—Banksian Cl. M.—Climbing Moss S.B.—Sweetbriars W.—Wichuraiana and hybrids In addition to 158 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62 inclusive, see also (pages 110 to 115) a list of the important roses in each class named above. ‘aaoge uMmoys se , “JAIN, PeyosieP APsBHY,, JO “VINACGUYVD UeYyi 19UYy aUOU Jnq ‘s1aYyIO JIE aIEy], “esOY BuIquIT[D ApieyY Moyax & Jo speur og ABUL aSN SATII YsOW s19ayM saoByd AuBUL Jo aUO AqUO SI , [[BA\ UAPIES ay1 IBAG,, SELECTING THE ROSES 4l It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will live out over winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection, although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better for protection. The classes in sections I and II require careful protection in a climate like this, especially the first ones named in each section, which are better suited for growing south of Washington, D. C., and in correspondingly mild climates. As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are mostly known as summer bloomers, and are in their greatest glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also make an autumn showing. The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous, very vigorous; “robust” indicates sturdy and bushy, but short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous climbers, suitable for Iow pillar or trellis, or very vigorous, suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis. Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses (Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62) GaRDEN.—Recommended for general lawn or garden cultivation. Beppine, i.e., free-flowering and of rather compact growth—good for massing in beds, either several of a kind or with other bedding roses. Pittar.—Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake, Or post. Arcu.—For covering an archway. PEeRGoLA.—For growing over a pergola. Wa tt.—Suitable for training up the face of a wall or side of a building. CreEPING.—Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, etc. 42 HOW TO GROW ROSES TRELLIS.—Grows well on a trellis. Busu.—Makes a good bush when planted alone and allowed to develop. Pot, or Cut-FLowrers.—Those that have particularly Jong stems and other qualities that make them peculiarly fitted for cutting. Good also under glass. BouTONNIERE.—Well formed buds and not so large but that it is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet. Epeinc.—Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or other border. Hepce.—Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind or with others. TREE or STANDARD.—Kinds that do well in tree form, as illustrated on page —. Note also at the close of this chapter a section devoted to the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden. We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor- mation gained after many years’ correspondence with patrons in all parts of the United States. Ina broader way the reader will surely find great interest in cultivating a more intimate acquaintance with this great rose family. Opportunity for further study of this subject is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different classes beginning on pages 108 and 110. Following these sets for special purposes, and beginning on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties that emment amateurs, or professionals, have found best adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our country. But comparatively few people can actually plant more than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there- fore we list on the pages immediately following a shorter list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge surely learned on which to build greater success. DEPENDABLE VARIETIES 43 te PS American Pillar See page 44 See page 44 See page 44 A Baby Rambler Anna de Diesbach One Hundred Fifty-eight Choice Roses Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions; having before us reports upon roses from every country on earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize- winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they “come out,” testing all kinds and holding fast to those which are good,—out of an experience like that has come our choice of these 148 roses. See abbreviations, for class, growth, pur- pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42. ALBERIC BARBIER. W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy white with canary-yellow center; fragrant. Leaves bronzy red in spring and glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with Insects. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, etc. Prune 6, 7—. ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep Iemon-yellow, which intensifies as the blooms develop; large, of deep substance and perfect formation. Gold Medal, N, R. S. Garden, bedding, cut- flower. Prune 4. ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). C.T. Flowers rich apricot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfully fragrant and constant in bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, pergola, arch, trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune, 5, 7+. AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. W. Flowers deep pink to crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one time. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune, 6,7-.- A HOW TO GROW ROSES AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to 4 Inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.) AMY ROBSART. S.B. Flowers deep rose-pink, beautifully tinted. Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous. Prune, 6, 7. ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P._ Fiowers rose; fragrant; ‘profuse. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.) ANNE OF GEIERSTEIN. S.B. Flowers crimson. Foliage fragrant. Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous. Prune, 6, 7. ANTOINE RIVOIRE (H.T). Creamy white to deeper yellow and peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3. ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. BABY DOROTHY (Maman Levavasseur, or Pink Baby Rambler). P. Flowers bright pink; incessant bloomer, often having 100 to 200 blossoms. Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune 4. (See illustration in color, page 117.) BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur). P. Bright red; dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 4. BEAUTE DE LYON. Per. Flowers coral-red, slightly shaded with yellow; large and full. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. B. Flowers rich carmine-rose, veined with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer. Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5. BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. R. Flowers white, double, large and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune, 5, 7—. BLANCHE MOREAU. M. Flowers pure white; Jarge and full. Bedding. Prune 3. BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers brilliant scarlet. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra- grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus- tration in color, page 103.) CANDEUR LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pure white, sometimes tinted with very pale sulphur-yellow. A seedling from Frau Karl Druschki. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. CECILE BRUNNER (Sweetheart). P. Flowers small and dainty, rosy pink on rich creamy white ground. Very floriferous and deli- ciously fragrant. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 5. With petals fashioned like sea-shells, tinted and toned in shades of rose and pink, superlatives fail in deere the satisfactory beauty of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose. Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so generous in giving us so many members in the Killarney family, all of them_rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, Killarney Queen and White Killarney. For open-ground planting under different conditions of climate, this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bounti- fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive. 46 HOW TO GROW ROSES CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). B. Flowers rich, rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon, shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 47.) CHRISTINE WRIGHT. W.. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful in bud. Foliage Jarge, thick, leathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis. Prune, 6, 7. CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fme form. Very vigorous. Garden. A very choice variety. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for O. CONRAD F. MEYER. R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per- fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant. Garden, bush, or hedge. Very hardy. Prune 6+. CONSTANCE. Per. Flowers beautiful cadmium-yellow passing to golden yellow. Bud Jong, orange-yellow streaked with crimson. Foliage glossy. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. CORONATION. H.P. Flowers shading from flesh to bright shrimp- pink; immense size. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. COUNTESS CLANWILLIAM. H.T._ Flowers delicate peach-pink at the base of the petals, which are flamed and heavily edged with deep cherry-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. Roo: : se GE Ade 48 or An all-summer show of bloom. An example of what Baby Ramblers will do in a bed ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 47 a soreness a. | Chateau de Clos Vougeot (see p. 46) Duchess of Wellington CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3. DEVONIENSIS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. DR. W. VAN FLEET. W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches long. Choice. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. DOROTHY PERKINS. W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free- bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color, and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune6,7—. (Seeillustration in color, page 12.) DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. W. Flowers snow-white; free- bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7—. DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T._ Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at Washington, D. C., a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4. DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers intense saffron- yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. ECARLATE. H.T. Flowers intense dazzling scarlet, semi-double, showing beautiful Iong golden anthers in center. An incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. Flowers brilliant pink; full, sweet-scented. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P._ Flowers rich crimson, freely produced. An improved Crimson Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. 48 HOW TO GROW ROSES on rarer SYLILE Frau Karl Druschki Gen. Jacqueminot Gloire Lyonnaise See page 49 ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson 5 extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed. Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2. ETOILE DE LYON. T. Flowers bright sulphur-yellow; very double; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4. EXCELSA. (Red Dorothy Perkins). W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7—. FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pointed center. Bush, garden. Prune 2. FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double. The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, bush, garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. GARDENIA. W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant; free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7—. (See illustra- tion in color, page 40.) GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson, velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.) GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2. GENERAL-SUPERIOR ARNOLD-JANSSEN, H.T. Flowers deep glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of peer heavily veined with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden, edding. Prune 2. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS — 49 aca Asani lato LCL Lyon Rose Gruss an Teplitz Kaiserin Aug. Victoria See page 52 See page 50 GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright ver- milion-red with velvety shadings. Choice new variety. Bedding, garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vigor- ous. Garden, bedding. A grand rose; the nearest to yellow of any of the Hybrid Perpetuals. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 forQ. (See illustration, page 48.) GLORY OF MOSSES. M. Flowers blush-color. Very hardy. Bedding. Prune 3. GRUSS AN AACHEN. P. Flowers flesh-pink and yellow; very double and free-flowering; vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4. GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer. Fragrant, hardy, vigorous. Garden, bedding, and bush. Prune 5. GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers bright crimson. Free bloomer; vigorous. Porch, pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 4. HARISON’S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers intense clear golden yellow. Early bloomer. Very hardy. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep sulphur-yellow with edge of petals lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. HELEN GOOD. T. Flowers delicate pink, shaded deeper pink at the See fragrant. Somewhat like Maman Cochet. Garden, bedding. rune 2. HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free bloomer; vigorous. Fine in its class. Prune 3. HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3. HIAWATHA. W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; single; bright and effective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7—. 50 HOW TO GROW ROSES HOOSIER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich- est-colored roses in cultivation; large, full, and deliciously sweet. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous. Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers Jemon-yellow and crimson. A _ tea- scented “pictorial” flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. IRISH ELEGANCE. H.T. Flowers bronzy orange-scarlet in the bud stage, which assumes apricot hues as the flower opens; large, single variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration page 75.) J.B. CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, scarlet, shaded crimson. Vigor- ous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See ilustration in color, page 21.) JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers carmine on the outside, lovely soft pink inside; large; full, fine form and fragrant. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. JULIET. Per. Flowers old-gold on the outside while the inside ts rosy red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, full, and delightfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading to lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden; also cut-flower. Cannot be too highly recommended. Prune 3. KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; Iong, pointed buds. Free bloomer; moderately vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. A great favorite. Prune 3. (See illustration in color, page 45.) KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale flesh, large, exceptionally full, very lasting when cut. Garden, bed- ding, cut-flower. Prune 3. LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 52.) LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. LADY PENZANCE. S.B. Flowers soft coppery color. Lord Pen- zance Hybrid. Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch, porch. Prune 6, 7—. LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form; sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush, standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See ilfustration, page 53.) LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good vigorous. Gar- den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. Among the pink Hybrid Perpetual_ Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING stands well in the lead,—not so large as Paul Neyron, but more free in bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance. 52 HOW TO GROW ROSES Mme. Camille Lady Hillingdon (see page 50) LAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. LEONIE LAMESCH. P. Flowers vary from cochineal-red in the bud to glowing coppery red, marked with orange when the bloom opens. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink, shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschén). P. Flowers deep pink to white. Identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendschén, or Thousand Beauties. Bedding, edging. Prune 5. LYON ROSE. H.T. Flowers salmon-pink shaded chrome-yellow; full; globular; fragrant. Vigorous. Hardy. Bedding. Constant bloomer. Said to be beyond competition. Prune 3. (See illustration, page 40.) MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale yellow. Large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch, trellis. Prune 7. MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full, sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil- very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, page 12.) MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow, sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with salmon, center reddish orange—distinct and charming. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53 Magna Charta Killarney La France See page 50 See page 50 MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The most unique bees SE recently introduced. Flowers medium size, semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. MME. EUGENE MARLITT. B. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant; free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely. MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china rose, passing to clear, rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (Bee illustration, page 59.) MME. LEON PAIN. H.T._ Flowers silvery salmon, t yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. = unre MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmon-yellow, suffused carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. SEGOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh-color; deep pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MADISON. T. Flowers creamy white, sometimes tinged pink; similar to “Bride” in form but superior to it; deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. MAGNA CHARTA. H.P. Flowers pink, suffused with carmine; extra large; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Leaves light green. Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See cut.) MAMAN COCHET. T. Flowers flesh-pink suffused light rose; large, double, fragrant. Fine. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2. MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. New. Flowers like those of Maman Cochet. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4. es i ee WHAT FULLNESS OF PS FROM A GARDEN LIKE THIS! 56 HOW TO GROW ROSES ge Miss Alice de Rothschild Mrs. Wakefield Christie Miller See page 57 See page 57 MAMAN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers snow-white, with outside peut tipped pink in the autumn. Large and fragrant. Garden, edding, boutonniere. Prune 2. MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large; poole, full; sweet. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the South. Vigor- ous. Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5. MARGARET DICKSON HAMILL. H.T. Flowers delicate straw- color, edge flushed with carmine. Fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARIE GUILLOT. T. Flowers pure snowy white, large and full. Very fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARIE PAVIE. P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un- surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged with rose; large; full; fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T. Buds rich yellow-ocher suffused with carmine. The expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.T. Flowers beautiful crimson-carmine; very large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. MAY QUEEN. W. Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet. A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS — 57 Mrs. Aaron Ward Miss Cynthia Forde MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T._ Flowers rich yellow. We call it bush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 56.) MISS CYNTHIA FORDE. H.T. Flowers deep brilliant rose-pink. Sweetly perfumed. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MOLLY SHARMAN-CRAWFORD. T. Flowers delicate white, passing to pure white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MRS. AARON WARD. H.T. Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes tinged salmon-rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2. MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red suffused with salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; large, full, perfectly double; fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. MRS. HERBERT STEVENS. T. Flowers white with center shaded fawn and peach. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 51.) MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See cut, page 56.) MURIEL DICKSON. Per. Flowers deep reddish copper in the bud state paling with age to cherry-red with coppery shadings. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 4. (tne iit The list of Hardy Climbing Roses has been wonderfully enriched during the last fifteen years by the addition of such varieties as DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also White Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy. Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any object, will, with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain a length of 20 feet in one season. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 59 MY MARYLAND. H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2. NEW CENTURY. R. Flowers clear flesh- ne with light red center; deliciously sweet; fragrance like the wild rose. Extremely hardy. Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6. OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh- color, shaded with rose. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig- orous. Bedding, garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, page 32.) PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow. Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration m color, page 63.) PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers intense crimson; double; in large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy. Prune 6—, 7+ PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson; large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q PRINCESS ADELAIDE. M. Flowers bright rosy pink, beautifully mossed: double and sweet. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. QUEEN’S SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet, size medium. Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. Mme. Jules Gravereaux See page 53 60 HOW TO GROW ROSES Rayon d’Or Wichmoss (see page 62) RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink; fine for mass planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. RAYON D’OR. Per. Flowers cadmium-yellow as they begin to open, toning to sunflower-yellow when fully expanded. Garden, bedding. rune 2. RHEA REID. H.T. Flowers rich red; very double; fragrant. Garden, bedding. The ‘‘Grand Prize Rose” of Paris for 1908. Prune 3. (See illustration, page 61.) ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowing crimson with pure white around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 112.) ROSERAIE DE L’HAY. R. Flowers bright red and intensely fragrant; free bloomer. Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 5, 7+. RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers single, pure white, five petals; highly scented. Makes pretty red berries which last well into winter. Hedge, bush. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 87.) RUGOSA RUBRA. R. Flowers single, bright rosy crimson; highly scented. Large red berries. Hedge, bush. Prune 6. SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con- stant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. SILVER MOON. W._ Flowers very large, single, brilliant silvery white with a mass of golden yellow stamens in center. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7—. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 61 Rhea Reid (see page 60) Taft Rose SIR THOMAS LIPTON. R. Flowers pure white; fragrant; con- stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Vigorous. Hedge, bush, or garden. Very hardy. Prune 5, 7+. SOLEIL D’OR. (Sun of Gold.) Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel- low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink. Spicy orange fragrance. Gar- den, bedding. Prune 4. SOUV. DE GUSTAV PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur-yel- low. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. B. Flowers Jovely creamy flesh with rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers intense orange-copper and golden yellow. Extra fine. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SUNRISE. T. Flowers peachy red, beautifully shaded with orange and crimson; especially good in the South. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Vig- orous. Hedge, bush. Foliage delightfully fragrant. Prune 6, 7+. TAFT ROSE. H.T. Flowers rich salmon-pink shaded at the base with chrome-yellow. Profuse bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig- orous. Porch, arch, etc. Has few thorns. Fine. Prune 6, 7—. (See illustration in color, page 78.) 62 HOW TO GROW ROSES A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad, round, thick. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. A standard variety. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 forQ. (See illustration in color, page 94.) WHITE KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers pure white; long, pointed buds. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. WICHMOSS. (The Climbing Moss Rose.) W. Flowers light pink, reverse of petals darker. Very hardy. Pillar, arch, pergola, trellis. Prune 7. (See illustration, page 60.) WICHURAIANA. W. Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy, free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holding banks from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7+. WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow, tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5. WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush-pink; large; full. Vigorous grower. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery vena- tion; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and white. Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated with the “Wars of the Roses.” Garden. Prune 4. (See illustration, page 7.) ib The beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose is com- mended highly, especially to those living in the colder sections of our country. Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a value among Roses comparable to the value of gold among metals. It blooms brilliantly and abundantly, though not con- tinually; and, above all, it is so hardy as to stand severe winters. without protection, almost anywhere. 64 HOW TO GROW ROSES La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases Roses for Various Purposes and Uses Twelve Star Varieties In selecting the best roses, there are so many qualities to be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual opportunities to watch and study them under every possible condition they are likely to encounter. We have been fortunate im having unusual facilities for this experimental work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have the best obtamable constantly on trial. We also travel extensively and visit rose-gardens In many states of the Union. Due regard has been given to the published experi- ences of other dependable rose-lovers, m reaching our own conclusions. To pass our severe test, a rose must prove itself a vigorous grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel its rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit. So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe they must have read Pemberton’s advice: “State your ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 65 requirements to a friend who is an expert, and leave the selection to him.” These pages answer your questions before you ask them; they save you the expense of experiments; and, if you do your part, you can count on a reward of good bloom. Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.) Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. (H.T.) Sunburst. (H.T.) Yellow. White Maman Cochet. (T.) Hugh Dickson. (H.P.) Red. Coronation. (H.P.) Pink. Prince Camille de Rohan. (H.P.) Paul Neyron. (H.P.) Pink. Gruss an Teplitz. (H.T.) Red. Wm. R. Smith. (T.) Pink. ae Eugene Marlitt. (B.C.) Red. Twelve Cold Country Roses Here are roses selected from among those that live out- doors over winter and thrive in localities north of the lati- tude of New York and Chicago. These laugh at zero weather. White and Light— Page Pink, continued— Page Frau Karl Druschkt. (H.P.).48 May Queen. (H.C.). . . 56 Sir Thomas Lipton. (H.R.) 61 Willowmere. (H.T.).... . 62 Conrad F. Meyer. (H.R.). . 46 Red— Gloire Lyonnaise. (H.P.).. . 49 Hugh Dickson. (H.P.).. a Pink— Roseraie de Hay. (H. R. ).. Paul Neyron. (H.P.). . . 49 Ulrich Brunner. (H.P.). ie Coronation. (H.P.).. . . 46 Gloire de Chedane Guinois- eg seau (H.P.) . 49 Hybrid Rugosas. We Invaluable for cold country planting. Note the beautiful foliage 66 HOW TO GROW ROSES Nearly every home may have a dozen bushes like these Twelve Sunny South Roses If you live on the sunny side of the frost-line and wish a set of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we know you will find supremely satisfying. These are our favorite twelve in a climate where there is little danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as Washington, D. C. Yellow— Page Etoile de Lyon. (T.). . 48 Duchess of ees (H. T: i, 47 Safrano. (T.). . 60 Sunburst. (H. T. o 61 White, Tinted— Marie Van Houtte. (T). 56 Madison. (T.). 2 ake BS Pink— Page Maman Cochet. (T.) . 53 Mme. Camille. (T.). 52 Radiance. (H.T.) . 60 e Mrs. B. R. Cant. (T.). 57 Magnafrano. (H.T.) 113, Rhea Reid. (H.T.) . 60 ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 67 Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly, Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc. Every home has room for a few climbers, because vines around a house decorate it as nothing else does, and to have vines that will hand you forth roses—imagine the pleasure of that! Where you live makes a difference; roses that will grow to cover your house with bloom in northern New England are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So, think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and climate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for the section indicated. Order accordingly, and you will get pleasing results. (See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.) ees mo repeat ome cote Se ne eee te Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts. 68 HOW TO GROW ROSES We recommend the following roses for the uses described on the preceding page: For a Warm Climate—‘Everblooming Climbers’ — Page Reine Marie Henriette. Red 115 Mrs. Robert Peary. White 115 Marechal Niel. Yellow. . 56 Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink...... 53 For a Temperate Climate (latitude of Philadelphia and New York) — Dorothy Perkins. Pink . . 47 Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red . 48 White Dorothy Perkins. White 47 Gardenia. Yellow .. . 48 For a Cold Climate (where winters are long and severe )— Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink 47 Mary Lovett. White. . 56 Ruby Queen. Red. 115 Tausendschén. Pink and white 61 Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and for Beautifying Boundaries, Fences, Ete. Certain roses lend themselves admirably to being trained over objects on which they can have support. The best kinds for such a purpose, we think, are: Dorothy Perkins. Page Pink... . . 47 Ruby Queen. Red 115 a a a Pillar, ingle. Pink .. 44 Excelsa (Red Dorothy Perkins). 48 Tausendscho6n. Blush : 61 Gardenia. Yellow . 48 Quite as pretty an effect may be ae @. had with certain Effective uses of the Wichuraiana other kinds by ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 69 A lovely spot in the famous Graveraux Rose-garden near Paris allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71. Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the foliage is shmy and almost evergreen, giving these the advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when not in bloom and almost the entire year. a Page Page Alberic Barbier... . 43 Gardenia . 48 Alba rubrifolia. White... .114 Silver Moon... . 60 Dorothy Perkins. Pink .. . 47 Universal Favorite. Pink. 115 Dorothy Perkins. White. 47. Wichmoss . ee 62 Excelsa Para 48 Wichuraiana, Single. White. . 62 The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of the year only, but are hardier for cold climates than the fol- lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will continue to produce some bloom during summer and autumn: Page Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red .. 49 Climbing Pink Maman Cochet 53 Climbing White Killarney . bg 115 Shower of Gold. Yellow; shiny foliage . 115 Climbing Clothilde Soupert. Blush .. 115 Climbing Killarney. Pink .. 115 Reine Marie Henriette... . : 115 Mme. Caroline Testout Climbing . 115 THE STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL, GEN. JACQUEMINOT Do you know the quaint custom that still holds in one of the country towns of Pennsylvania, whereby, in accordance with the will of Baron Stiegel, there is paid for the church property, with an appropriate anniver- sary celebration, an annual rental of one red Rose? _ No other Rose can be counted upon for this service so surely as the dear old favorite “Jack.” ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES a For Beautifying Banks, Stumps, or Other Unsightly Objects The Wichuraianas are ideal cover-roses. They are remark- ably free from both insects and disease, with foliage clean, bright, and shiny the entire year. The single-flowered sorts bear bright berries, which the birds like. Enterprising railroad companies use these to hold embankments in place; they also add to the roadside beauty. One plant will easily cover 6 square feet of ground. Page Alberic Barbier. Shiny foliage; creamy white. : BS 43: Gardenia (Hardy Marechal Niel). Yellow. 48 Universal Favorite (Double Pink Memonels .115 Wichuraiana. Single. White. 62 Most of the Wichuraianas are lee well suited for cover- ing purposes. Here is a beautiful hint, easily and cheaply adopted by anyone whose fences are bare. See varieties mentioned above 72 HOW TO GROW ROSES For Screen Planting and Borders, or Beautifying the Unsightly Almost every Iawn might be improved, if some uncomely object or portion in the rear were screened from view. The right kind of roses will do it, and give you something beauti- ful instead. There are two ways to do it: (1) put up a trellis and train over it the roses named in the above section; or (2) if it be a low screen, you need only to plant the tall, erect-growing Rugosa roses. And if you want a Juxuriant growth, dig the ground deeply and give these roses plenty of rich nourishment. es Page Birdie Blye. Pink... Hugonis 109 Conrad F. Meyer. Silvery pink 6 May Queen. . 56 Christine Wright. Pink .46 Ruby Queen. Ruby- red . 115 Harison’s Yellow . .49 Sir Thomas Lipton. White.. 61 These eight varieties, if set in one group, should be placed at least 2 to 3 feet apart. Wonderfully pleasing effects may be obtained for screen- ing out undesirable objects or views by the erection of trellis formations. These may be made of various designs and materials; but, for roses, wood seems to be preferred. Over these train the roses recommended on pages 68 and 69. Rey ] = Wichuraiana roses A fence made beautiful ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 73 The Tree roses in the BagatelJe Gardens in Paris are much larger than are customarily seen in American gardens. Some of these are 12 feet high, having been budded with Wichuraianas that weep to the ground. Standard or Tree Roses Tree roses occupy very little ground space and are quite imposing when planted among shrubbery or perennials. If you arrange them along the sides of a walk they produce an avenue effect (see page 13). A fine effect is produced by planting them among or back of a collection of bush roses, thus making a two-storied rose-bed, as it were. It pays to have these come to you while dormant. Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) Gruss an Teplitz. (H.T.) Often Snow-white. called the ‘“reddest of red Etoile de France. (H.T.) Good roses;” fragrant and _free- red. blooming. Paul Neyron. (H.P.) Immense; Mme. Caroline Testout. (H.T.) rich pink. Clear cherry-red. Ulrich Brunner. (H.P.) Crimson- Mrs. Aaron Ward. (H.T.) Rich scarlet. yellow Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.) Pharisier. (H.T.) Rosy white. Imperial pink. 74 HOW TO GROW ROSES Rose Hedges These boundary markers are certamly coming to be more and more popular as people learn about the splendid quali- ties of the Rugosa roses, Sweetbriars, or Altaica for this pur- pose. They are not neat, compact, and uniform in growth as ts a hedge of California Privet, but the thick, bushy mass of glossy, crinkled foliage, especially of the Rugosa, gives a particularly fine appearance. They are perfectly hardy in the coldest winters and are more valuable because the foli- age is not troubled with either msects or disease. In warmer countries, or even in our own latitude, a single row of a free-flowering, erect, bushy rose is sure to be pretty and very satisfactory where one wishes simply to mark a boundary, as, for example, between the vegetable- and flower- garden. For this purpose, Gruss an Aachen, (see page 49) is excellent. The small-flowered Polyanthas are also popular, especially Baby Rambler, Marie Pavie, and Baby Dorothy. The list could readily be extended, and each one would be well worth planting. (See list of Polyanthas.) Hybrid Wichuraianas, if given some support, make an excellent hedge ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 78 Roses for the Cemetery For some cemeteries we recommend roses that almost care for themselves—the Wichuraiana type. They creep like ivy and make a mat of shiny foliage which is green for eleven months. Next to these, we like the dwarf, compact-growing, free- flowering Polyanthas, especially the White Baby Rambler, Gruss an Aachen, Marie Pavie, and Echo. If you can care for bush roses, select from the “Best Yet’’ sets, according to locality. If you want some of the sturdiest growers obtain- able, choose from this list: Pag. Sir Thomas Lipton. (H. Rug.) White... . 6 Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P. . White . 48 Mme. Plantier. White. . 75 Single Roses These are an interesting group in themselves and rep- resented in various classes. The single Irish roses are best among the Hybrid Teas. Irish Elegance (see cut) Irish Brightness Irish Fireflame The species are most Interesting specimens, among which is Xan- thina. One of the largest flowered of the subspecies is Altaica (see page 109). For Edging Beds Polyanthas now offer an assortment in nearly every color-class (pages 113-114). 76 HOW TO GROW ROSES Mme. Abel Chatenay My Maryland For ‘Forcing’? under Glass or for Indoor Winter Bloom These varieties are grown by professional florists in glass- houses where they can with nicety regulate the supply of heat and moisture, to produce the long-stemmed “beauties” seen in florists’ windows. While a greenhouse or conserva- tory is a wonderful help, indeed essential for best results, some people have these same roses during the winter, bloom- ing beautifully in their homes by growing them where they have plenty of sunlight and ai. A thing to remember is that coal gas is very injurious to plant life, therefore must be carefully guarded against. They are: American Beauty, Hadley, Irish Fireflame, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Killarney, Willarney Brilliant, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Lady Alice Stanley, Lady Hillingdon, Madison, Mme. Abel Chatenay, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. B. R. Cant, Mrs. Charles Russell, Mrs. George Shawyer, My Maryland, Ophelia, Radiance, Rhea Reid, Richmond, Sunburst, Wellesley, White Killarney. EXPERT OPINIONS 77 Selections for Special Sections of the United States of America Those of our readers who live in the more thickly settled sections of our country will recognize, in the following, our dependence upon the modern scientific method of learning the “best roses’ for certain localities, 1.e. the method of actually testing them. We have had the good fortune to visit personally and to know the rose experts in many sec- tions, and they severally have been so kind as to give us the benefit of their valuable experience, each in the form of a list of roses they have found to thrive. We stand back of these recommendations. Other lists which we offer of roses best adapted for various purposes are bound to prove help- ful as well as suggestive. (See pages 64 to 76.) For the Pacific Northwest Mr. J. A. Currey, of Portland, Oregon, sent us the follow- ing list as the result of a vote of representative amateur and professional growers in his part of the country, showing the best roses for various purposes: Twelve best roses for general cultivation Frau Karl Druschki Mme. Melanie Soupert Edward Mawley Maman Cochet General MacArthur Miss Kate Moulton Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. John Laing Hugh Dickson Richmond Mme. Caroline Testout Ulrich Brunner Six best climbing or rambling roses American Pillar Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing Dorothy Perkins. Tausendschén Mme. Alfred Carriere Wm. Allen Richardson Six best red roses for general cultivation Avoca J. B. Clark General MacArthur Richmond Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner -asoy Suiquiryyy ApsepY{ a[qe “1ISap PUR SNOIOTIA ‘APAAO]T SI} JO 9UeU ayeridoidde ay) si ‘satyntvag puts -noy | J0‘NOHOSGNASNVL EXPERT OPINIONS 79 Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued Six best white roses for general cultivation British Queen Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Florence Pemberton Maman Cochet Frau Karl Druschki Mrs. Foley Hobbs Six best pink roses for general cultivation Belle Siebrecht Maman Cochet Lady Ashtown Miss Kate Moulton Mme. Caroline Testout Mrs. John Laing Six best yellow roses for general cultivation Joseph Hill Mme. Ravary Lady Hillingdon Mrs. Aaron Ward Mme. Melanie Soupert Sunburst For Minneapolis and Vicinity Mr. Theodore Wirth, now superintendent of the parks of Minneapolis, and formerly builder of the famous rose-garden of Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Connecticut, recommends for his section of the country the following list of roses: Hybrid Perpetuals Anna de Diesbach Frau Karl Druschki Heinrich Schultheis Mme. Gabriel Luizet Mrs. John Laing Ulrich Brunner Paul Neyron Clio Captain Hayward Marshall P. Wilder Hugh Dickson ‘General Jacqueminot Hybrid Teas Gruss an Teplitz Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Killarney, Pink and White Mme. Jules Grolez La France General MacArthur Caroline Testout Souvenir du President Carnot Mary, Countess of IIchester Maman Cochet, White and Pink Climber Ramblers Crimson Rambler Tausendschin. See illustration in Goldfinch color on opposite page. Wm. C. Egan Rosa setigera 80 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses for Minneapolis and Vicinity, continued Polyanthas Mme. N. Levavasseur (Baby Rambler) Marie Pavie Mlle. Cecile Brunner Clothilde Soupert Orleans Mme. Zelia Bourgeois Jessie Gloire de Polyantha Primula Climbing Wichuraianas Dorothy Perkins Hiawatha La Fiamma The Farquhar Rose as Paradise Lady Alice Stanley Minnehaha For Central New York State Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., President of the Syracuse (New York) Rose Society, recommends the following as the best collection of twenty-ftve Hybrid Teas and Teas for Syracuse and vicinity, considering hardiness, variety of color, vigor of growth, and freedom of bloom: Hybrid Teas Antoine Rivoire Lady Alice Stanley British Queen Lady Ashtown Chateau de Clos Vougeot Laurent Carle Duchess of Wellington Lyon Rose Florence Pemberton Mme. Melanie Soupert General MacArthur Mme. Segond Weber Gruss an Teplitz Miss Cynthia Forde Killarney, Pink Mrs. Aaron Ward Killarney, White Ophelia KG6nigin Carola Sunburst Teas Harry Kirk Mrs. B. R. Cant Lady Hillingdon Wm. R. Smith Marie Van Houtte EXPERT OPINIONS 81 For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island Admiral Aaron Ward recommends the selection given below. It was based upon the following requirements: au- tumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also plants of huge growth, like La Tosca or Gruss an Teplitz, except for use in mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner than Pharisier; climbers not included. Pernetiana Constance Mme. Edouard Herriot Lyon Rose Willowmere Tea Mme. Antoine Mart Paula Mme. Jean Dupuy. Wm. R. Smith Marie Van Houtte Hybrid Perpetual Bourbon Frau Karl Druschki Souv. de Ia Malmaison Hybrid Tea Augustine Guinoisseau Mme. Leon Pain Amateur Teyssier Mme. Melanie Soupert Chateau de Clse Vougeot Mme. Ravary Dean Hole Mme. Segond Weber Duchess of Wellington Marquise de Sinety Earl of Warwick Mons. Joseph Hill General-Superior Arnold Janssen Mrs. Aaron Ward General MacArthur Mrs. Amy Hammond Geo. C. Waud Mrs. A. R. Waddell Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. C. Hunter Gustav Grunerwald Mrs. E. Powel KG6nigin Carola Mrs. George Shawyer Lady Alice Stanley Mrs. Harold Brocklebank Lady Ashtown Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Lady Greenall Pharisaer Laurent Carle Prince de Bulgarie Lieut. Chauré Radiance Mabel Drew Souv. du Pres. Carnot Mme. Abel Chatenay St. Helena Mme. Jules Bouche Viscountess Folkestone Mme. Jules Grolez Nore.—Frau Karl Druschki, Gruss an Teplitz, and Mrs. A. R. Waddell are too vigorous to be grown with the rest. Mrs. A. R. Wad- dell, Mme. Edouard Herriot and Mme. Melanie Soupert, are semi- double. : 82 HOW TO GROW ROSES Rose beds of one variety make a tine effect For Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends the following varieties: Hybrid Teas Antoine Rivoire Mabel Drew Betty Mme. Edouard Herriot Caroline Testout Mme. Hector Leuillot Mrs. MacKellar Mme. Jules Bouche Duchess of Wellington Mme. Leon Pain Ellen Wilmott Mrs. Aaron Ward George C. Waud Mrs, A. R. Waddell Jonkheer J. L. Mock Mrs. Harold Brocklebank Joseph Hill Pharisier Killarney Prince de Bulgarie Lady Alice Stanley Robert Huey Lady Ashtown Viscountess Folkestone Laurent Carle Willowmere Lyon EXPERT OPINIONS Roses for Philadelphia and Vicinity, continued Hybrid Perpetuals Frau Karl Druschki Baroness Rothschild Ulrich Brunner Mrs. John Laing Captain Hayward Mrs. George Dickson Oscar Cordel Susanne Marie Rodocanachi Tea Roses (Hardy) Maman Cochet Hugo Roller White Maman Cochet Safrano Harry Kirk Climbing and Pillar Roses Reine Marie Henriette Dorothy Perkins Excelsa Hiawatha Dr. W. Van Fleet Elisa Robichon Gardenia For Washington, D. C., and Points South Dr. W. Van Fleet was the hybridizer of many excellent roses, including especially the hardy climbers like American Pillar, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mary Lovett, and many others. He is now associated with the Department of Agriculture at Wash- ington, D. C., and gives us his opinion in the following lists: Pink Killarney, H.T. My Maryland, H.T. Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T. Paul Neyron, H.P. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P. Radiance, H.T. Maman Cochet, T. Wm. R. Smith, T. Mrs. John Laing, H.P. Red Cardinal, H.T. J. B. Clark, H.P. Etoile de France, H.T. Richmond, H.T. General MacArthur, H.T. Ulrich Brunner, H.P. Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. White Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. Killarney, White, H.T. Gloire Lyonnaise, H.P. White Maman Cochet, T. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, H.T. Yellow Etoile de Lyon, T. Sunburst, H. T. Lady Hillingdon, T. 84 HOW TO GROW ROSES For the South Atlantic and Gulf States Some people are said to have been born with silver spoons in their mouths, and correspondingly the young man who recommends the following list, as proven among the choice “doers” for North Carolina and the South, might be said to have been “born with a rose mm his buttonhole.”” He was able as a schoolboy, to identify almost any rose by its foliage alone. After several years in the South, with his excellent powers of observation, we feel that he is well qualified to judge of the roses that can be definitely depended upon for localities corresponding to the west-central part of North Carolina. Climbers Gruss an Teplitz, Climbing Maman Cochet, Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Climb- Marechal Niel ing Reine Marie Henriette Killarney, Climbing Souv. of Wootton, Climbing Mme. Eugene Marlitt Bush Alexander Hill Gray Maman Cochet Duchesse de Brabant Maman Cochet, White General MacArthur Mrs. B. R. Cant Gruss an Aachen Radiance Jonkheer J. L. Mock Wellesley La Tosca Wm. R. Smith Mme. Melanie Soupert Note.—Practically all the vigorous-growing Bengals, Noisettes, Teas, and Hybrid Teas are good for the South.—Editor. EXPERT OPINIONS 85 For Chicago and the North By W. C. EGAN Epitor’s Note.—People who live in the cold Northwest may think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says, “the success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties.” The Lake Fcrest section, on the west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, is typical of a large area to the north and west. In this section there is no one better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are most happy to present to our readers. While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian’s paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost. This we can accomplish with but little care, except in the case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention. Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals, and plant fresh stock each year. “Expensive!” you say. Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc- tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos- sess small grounds and have but little time to attend to them we have that poor man’s blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to “catch cold,” and will stay longer with you and give far more pleas- ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red, cherry-like berries during the late summer months. Its foliage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of foliage is more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness 86 HOW TO GROW ROSES and its value in hybridizing were not appreciated until some forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carmen, of New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carmen, and Mme. Georges Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri- can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carmen’s experi- ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carmen rose, bearing flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque- minot rose, should have Harison’s Yellow as the male parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all hardy and reliable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat. The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some- times “cut back” in winter. This type and its hybrids are splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups, and may be depended upon for flower and foliage. The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made their first appearance before the public at about the same time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five years. It is reliable and hardy with but little protection, and is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mlle. Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class, hardy with slight protection, and admirable for corsage bou- quets. Its miniature buds, so delightfully tinted, are ad- mired by all, especially by the gentler sex. Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern states, an escaped exotic, being the Chinese Rosa sinica, that has taken so kindly to the conditions offered as to thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the North can have its counterpart, all except its evergreen foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altaica, Deserving of more general use is the RUGOSA family of Roses, with foliage, flowers and fruit each an ornament to a most hardy and satisfactory shrubby plant of fine habit 88 HOW TO GROW ROSES from the Altar Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers. I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find, as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock is easily obtained. The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it in among some tall-growing barberries through whose branches the Briar thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes in winter and but little loss occurs. I tried Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret, could not carry them over winter, so the charmmg Lady Penzance was banished from “Egandale.” The Persian Yellow and Harison’s Yellow, as well as all the Mosses, are hardy here. All of the Baby Ramblers do well here, slightly protected, and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds. “Ennchen Miller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss is a bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day- light or electric,—a desirable quality in any flower. Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter- protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better than others. Here is a list I gave in Bailey’s “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” some years ago, and I would not change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will do as well if tried, but there are enough listed to create a garden for anyone. The winter of 1898-1899 was the most severe in this sec- tion | ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con- sidered “tron-clad,’”’ were killed. The following is a list of roses which wintered here under protection and which came out in good condition: Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte Captain Hayward Magna Charta Garden Favorite Mrs. Paul General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford John Hopper Paul Neyron La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rohan EXPERT OPINIONS 89 The following eleven were in fair condition and recovered their form during the season: Alfred Colomb Mme. Gabriel Luizet Anna de Diesbach Mme. Victor Verdier Baronne Provost Pierre Notting Countess of Oxford Prince of Wales Eugene Furst Ulrich Brunner Lyonnaise This section, together with many im the northern states, suffered for the want of a suitable number of climbing roses that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which reached England from Japan in 1878. This was followed soon after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore Belle, Russell’s Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of Baltimore in 1843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used this hardy semi-climbing rose more frequently in their work. About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage of Rugosa or Wichurai- ana blood, are hardy witha slight protection in winter. Which is the best is merely a matter of choice. In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut ROSE PROGRESS gI The Increasing Regard for Roses In his book, “The Cultivated Man,” Charles W. Eliot says: “A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible teacher of wonder, reverence, and love.” Another one of “America’s noblemen,” G. A. Parker*, with exquisite feeling, thus portrays the possible influence of the rose on the lives of men, when, in telling of the rose- garden at Elizabeth Park, he says: “T have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for beauty ts spiritual, and not physical. “A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a part of his very self, and the one who receives it, in some mysterious way, weaves it into a part of his very life. It matters little what words are used or how the message is sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message.” Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our great country, it is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo- tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh- bors. This results in more “recruits.” Rose societies spring up here and there. The members help each other, and more and more each one comes to know the joy of growing one’s own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec- tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have been revealed to vastly increasing numbers of amateurs within the past few years. The “garden magazines” have helped. The “garden clubs” have been a prominent factor. There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturing} on this fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. All have helped, and the combined efforts of these various agencies are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise. **American Rose Annual,”’ 1916, pages 71, 72. + A list of these will be furnished on request. 92 HOW TO GROW ROSES The American Rose Society Ten years ago, what we might call the hub of these vari- ous movements—the “American Rose Society’ —was in no very prosperous state. Amateurs had almost no part in It. Little attention was given to outdoor roses or to rose-gardens. All that is changing. Happily local rose societies to the number of six have already become affiliated with the parent society. The American Rose Society has this year issued, under the able editorship of J. Horace McFarland, a “Rose Annual,” worthy to be compared with that of any other national Rose Society. We recommend it to the perusal of our readers. It is not a book of cultural information, but rather treats of the present status of the rose in America, and of the current activities and accomplishments of amateurs and others within and without the American Rose Society (see Bibliography, page 105). The purpose of the American Rose Society is stated in the Constitution, as follows: 1. To increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all the people. 2. To foster, stimulate, and increase the production, in every pos- sible way of improved varieties of the rose, suitable to our American climate and requirements. 3. To organize a system of exhibitions at such times and places as this Society may, from time to time, decide on; to offer prizes of money, of gold, silver, and bronze medals, and certificates of merit, for meri- torious new varieties of roses; also to offer prizes of money, cups, etc., for excellence of exhibits made at shows held by the Society. It is also proposed that the Society disseminate to its members the latest information pertaining to the rose, recommending new varieties of undoubted merit; describing the best methods of culture, how to fight insect and fungoid ests, the eproue use of manures; and giving other information from the pens of leading experts that will be worth many times the cost of membership, especially to amateurs. The Editor of this book for several years has been asso- ciated with the work of The American Rose Society and is warmly interested in its progress. He would feel very much pleased, therefore, if this little work might bring more rose- lovers into membership with it. Full mformation regarding fees and privileges will be cheerfully furnished upon appli- cation to Editor “‘How to Grow Roses,” West Grove, Pa. ROSE, PROGRESS 93 Rose Test-Gardens But perhaps the most important step of all in the last few years for the American rose world is the establishment, in various geographical locations, of rose test-gardens: At Arlington Gardens, Washington, D. C., known as the National Rose Test-garden; under the care of the Depart- ment of Agriculture. At Ithaca, New York; under the care of the College of Agriculture of Cornell University. At Hartford, Connecticut; under the care of the authori- ties of Elizabeth Park. At Minneapolis, Minnesota; under the care of the authori- ties of Lyndale Park. To each of these gardens already have been sent, on an average, nearly four hundred varieties, and from one to two thousand roses, which this year will be ready for test and determmation of kinds that may be recommended in each locality. Established thus under the care of permanently organized institutions and under the thoroughgoing care and attention of able specialists, there is promise of collecting most valuable information for amateur rose-growers living in climates corresponding to these spots. The guidance available from such tests is bound, we think, to prove a great boon in saving beginners, especially, from loss entailed by trying out unworthy sorts. The official scale of pomts heretofore used by the Amer- ican Rose Society for judging outdoor roses is as follows: Floriferousness 20 Form . . 10 Vigor 20 Substance 10 Color 15 Fragrance 10 Size 2 15 100 These tests should serve to center attention upon the need in America for more roses adapted to our varied climatic conditions, and thus encourage hybridizers to the work of developing our native species. Another of the noteworthy steps forward in the past few years is the awakening of city authorities to the possibilities and value of municipal rose-gardens. ROSE PROGRESS 95 Municipal Rose-Gardens Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and she builded well. Starting in 1904, m Elizabeth Park, there were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author visited first upon his return from a tour among the more prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger- many, and France. While delighted with the cultural suc- cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed in the ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test- gardens referred to in the above section, because beauty of landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose- garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is. But Hartford led the way, and nobly continues to render this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser- vice. She showed that even a little public rose-garden, well done, begets enthusiastic public appreciation. Mr. G. A. Parker, Superintendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports 116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year. There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been $0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates can be made. If any reader feels mclined to doubt this last statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feelings to the test of a visit. There are many American cities which have roses in their parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as yet only a limited number have definitely set apart, and regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden. If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port- land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won- derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per- haps, than that of Hartford,—a sunken garden with rose- 96 HOW TO GROW ROSES Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old covered terraces; a fountain-centered system of walks and a large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe, true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial men have long realized the value of the rose and its exploita- tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading, world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland back of the conception to establish in another part of the city another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author would enjoy telling his readers much more about the mag- nificent hedges of roses in Portland; of the great annual rose- festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades; of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the Roses with her attendants,—all doing homage to the rose. Last spring at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there appeared, on display, a most creditable municipal rose-gar- den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the able hand of their superintendent of parks. No climbing 7 ROSE PROGRESS 97 roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June bloom in 1914, but the varieties had been well chosen for that locality, and arranged in good taste. All were bush roses and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of walks making the annually recurring display easily accessible to large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning, and such as one would expect of Cleveland. And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other cities whose activities along this lime have come to the attention of the author. Syracuse, New York, has now the beginning of a most creditable municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand made by the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society and its indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D. Long life to him! And this spring (1916) will doubtless see the beginning of a real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City. The New York Horti- cultural Society and affili- ated organizations have planned the establish- ment of a rose-planting that promises to rejoice the hearts of countless thousands of people. Let us all hope that it may be made easily accessible to those who most need the inspiration and pleas- ure which such a garden will be so well calculated to furnish. Compare with this of Paris the Muni- cipal Rose-Garden of Minneapolis, illustrated View in_the Bagetelle Municipal page 28, Rose-garden, Paris 98 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses, roses everywhere A Famous Rose-Garden The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs. Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L’Hay early one day, and we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A permanent rose-garden with thousands of varieties, it includes roses said to have originated in the sixth century B.C. Roses from every continent are arranged and trained in all imaginable styles, from borders of Baby Ramblers to giant Tree roses, 15 feet high and 10 feet spread. Tunnels completely covered with climbmg roses form outlooks through the gar- den, with here a bit of statuary, there a fountain flashing in the sunshine, é with roses, roses every- Note this giant Tree rose where, from the broad- ROSERAIE DE L’HAY 99 And here we lingered till sunset petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver- eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent garden. We strolled down the Jong, box-bordered pathways, with familiar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds at our feet, and climbers looking straight at us, and half-beckoning from either side, as we passed, until, spellbound, we stood and gazed down the long vista of color- covered beds, back-bordered with still other climbers in bloom. And this is only one picture out of hundreds of such! What a love for the rose must have helped to fashion the quiet arbors and festooned balustrades, the archway entrances, artistic screens, and dis- appearing pathways, so well planned that every turn brought a fresh sur- prise, each one more entrancing than the : iyi other! 7 The Temple of Love 100 HOW TO GROW ROSES Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf seats, and along the front of the stage, for footlights, was a brilliant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests with a musical recital. Can you wonder, therefore, that invi- tations to this garden are cherished?—for one can enter by invitation only. Write us, reader, when you are nearing Paris, and let us give you our card to this patron of roses, Mons. Jules Gravereaux, honored by Emperors. [From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle, President of The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on the occasion when he represented the American Rose Society and acted as judge at the International Contest of Garden Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 1911.] The Red Rose Church at Manheim We know of no more unique ceremony in America than Manheim’s ‘‘Feast of Roses.’’ In 1750, Baron Heinrich Wil- helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and founded the little town of Man- heim. He prospered in business and later deeded to the Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the following stipulation: “yielding and paying therefor at the said town of Manbeim, in the month of June, yearly forever after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law- fully demanded.” And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con- gregation of the Manheim Lutheran Church pays to the heirs of Baron Stiegel the unique ground-rent of “one red rose,” and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though “dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the love, reverence, and gratitude of a community whose industry he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision.”’ (Pub- lished with the permission of the pastor, Rey, A. E. Cooper.) ROSE TRINKETS 101 Rose-Beads For the following formula the author is indebted to a good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own. “Gather the petals of roses—even newly fallen ones will do—till you have, say, half a peck. Grind these through a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan, or, lacking that, mix in a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black. After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it becomes like putty, and then form the beads. They can be made any shape you like,—round, square, hexagonal, etc.,— but form them twice the size you wish to have them when finished. Rolling them into little balls with the hand will make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt- end of a steel writing-pen is a convenient tool, to be used, of course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed, transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and dry, and in two or three days they will become small and hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin is removed.” A European authority gives us a slightly different formula, and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic and modern meat-chopper. “Freshly gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water Is added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to thread them, and so a kind of bead is formed, which is dried. When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and polished, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in order to give them more perfume and gloss. If a brass mortar be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On 102 HOW TO GROW ROSES the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and other colored beads can be manufactured according to the colormg materials employed. The black beads are most highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople.” Attar of Roses The reader will notice on another page a short account of a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris, the Roseraie de L’Hay. Many chapters might be written of this little paradise about which clusters so much of inter- est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a quaint thatched ‘“‘summer-house,” as we in America might call it, rose-embowered. On the occasion of the author’s visit, there was at work in the little cottage a white-aproned chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and other appliances. The rose-petals which had been gathered in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses. M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extensive experiments that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Caroline Testout, and others, are capable of producing a much larger amount of the essence than the Damask and Centifolia roses here- tofore largely used. The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose apparatus Is most primitive, as the following will dicate: The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other- wise much of their odor will be lost. They are brought right to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with only water, the quality of which is said considerably to in- fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its original volume, it 1s allowed to cool, and is set in open bowls at a constant’ temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falling upon BRIDESMAID Is most appropriately named, suggestive of what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses 104 HOW TO GROW ROSES the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a solemnity befitting its importance. What this must mean to the peasants is better understood when we realize how feather-light rose-petals are, and that 140 pounds (2,400 ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the essence of the rose. It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive, not alone for the above reason, but also because of Its impor- tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur- thermore, the valuable quality of increasing and fixing other perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quality of develop- ing in those who work with it qualities of fine moral character. Hybridizing This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re- garding a work that calls for long-sustained attention, and almost limitless patience, with no assurance as to results. Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made valuable contributions to our lists of roses, and certainly the future must offer more adequate recompense io the success- ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past. Rey. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives directions that appear to be easily followed by one who has the time and facilities to undertake the work. Every hybridizer will be interested also in the articles by Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet in “The American Rose Annual” for 1916; also in the “Stammbuch der Edelrosen,” by Dr. G. Kruger. The edition of this work, published in 1906, at Trier, Germany, contains a most complete listing of the hybridized roses In commerce, including parentage, hybri- dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Caroline Tes- tout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, showing also the name of the other parent in all except nine cases. It would seem to be an invaluable work for anyone who wishes to undertake hybridizing. * Roses,” page 229 (see Bibliography). FOR WINTER EVENINGS 105 Bibliography Beginning with ‘The Rose Manual,” by Robert Buist, in 1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen different works, the most noteworthy of which we list below: Tue Ross. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. This was long the standard rose boul, A Book azsout Roses. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 326 pp. Wm. S. Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English work. Highly entertaining work on roses, and most inspiring. Rosges anp How to Grow THem. Collected magazine articles. 1910. 199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. CommerciaL Rose-Cutture. By Eber Holmes. 1911. 165 pp. A. T. De Ia Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York. Maxine a Rose-GarpEn. By H. H. Saylor. 1912. 53 pp. McBride, Nast & Co., New York. Eversioominc Roses FoR THE OuTpooR GARDEN. By Georgia T. Drennan. 1912. 262 pp. Duffield & Co., New York. Tue Practica, Book or Outpoor Rose-Growinc. By George C. Thomas, Jr. 1914. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin- cott Company. Tue American Rose ANNUAL. 1916. Published by the J. Horace McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa., for The American Rose Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and rose-gardens. Recounts the year’s activities. Free to members, or may be had in paper binding from the publisher at 50 cents each, while they last. The following are all edited from the English standpoint: Roses: Tueir History, DEVELOPMENT, AND CULTIVATION. By Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society. 1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York. Roses anp Rose-Growinc. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28 full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the various classes, regarded from the English viewpoint. Roses ror EnctisH Garpens. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, and by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan- swered by other authorities. Rosr-Grow1nc Mave Easy. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one with Iong years of first-hand experience. Tur Rose Boox. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H, H. Thomas. 1913. 283pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various uses to which roses may be put. For a list of rose books in all languages the “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” refers us to the ‘‘Bibliografia de la Rosa,” Vergara, Madrid, 1892. 106 HOW TO GROW ROSES Synonymous Roses Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an Improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty in place of Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur; when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain, refer to the following list for guidance. Renaming a rose with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians as acrime. When a second name is adopted for the sake of euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses. Anna de Diesbach Baby Dorothy, Pink Baby Rambler, Pink Baby Rambler, Red Baby Rambler, White Baby Rambler, Yellow Baby Tausendschén Baby Tausendschin Ball of Snow . Dorothy Dennison. H.-P. . Gloire de Paris aman Levavasseur . Maman Levavasseur Mme. Norbert Levavasseur . Katherine Zeimet . Etoile de Mai . Louise Walter . Echo . Perle des Blanches . Lady Godiva Dorothy Perkins . . . Lady Gay Dorothy Perkins, Red . Excelsa Dutch Beauty Veluwezoom Green Rose . Viridiflora Killarney, Striped . Spectacular Killarney, Orange La France, Red . La France, Striped La France, White La Reine des Neige Magnolia Rose Maman Cochet, Yellow Maman Levavasseur q. WanAnd Age © . Duchess of Wellington . Duchess of Albany . Mme. Angel Vayssett . Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau . Frau Karl Druschki . Devoniensis Mme. Derepas-Matrat . Baby Dorothy Mignon . Cecile Brunner Mrs. W. H. Cutbush : . Mrs. Taft Mrs. Ww J. Grant T. . Belle Siebrecht Prima Donna . a . Mme. P. Euler Prince Camille de Rohan P, . La Roseire Queen, The Rambler, Golden ZAT EO ya Om eee oT . Souv. de S. A. Prince . Alister Stella Gray Rambler, Pink Mult. Euphrosine Rambler, White . Mult. Thalia Rambler, Yellow Mult. . . Aglaia Sweetheart. . oy . Cecile Brunner Thousand Beauties Mult. . Tausendschén Virginia R. Coxe . H.T. Gruss an Teplitz hite American Beauty HP. . Frau Karl Druschki Wm. R. Smith aie . Charles Dingee Wm. R. Smith Te . Jeannette Heller N.B.—See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107. THE FAMILY ROSA 107 Analysis of Species It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this little book, who is not, with the author, a real seeker after truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting as we trace back his development from the earlier types of man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon d’Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what bas been done by the guiding hand of man. Family charts are a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be more illuminating than many pages of description. There- fore, as an introduction to the various best-known classes, pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most helpful outline of the many, many families that make up this interesting race of flowers. In this book there has not been room to describe the rose species. We would, however, call special attention to cer- tain “types” which we have starred in the following list. Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas. Consider for example, Hugonis—that recent acquisition from China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and in bloom two weeks earlier than the early-blooming Harison’s Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy, vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary. *The following two pages are published here with permission and by courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, “Roses: Their History, Development, and Cultivation,” by Rev. J. H. Pemberton (see page 105). a . The De oe will note how far removed from the original species are both the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has been almost no development at all. Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages: Champney . . . Noisettiana Moss. ..... Muscosa Cherokee ; . Levigata Musk. ..... Moschata Dog .. Canina Prairie ‘ . Setigera _ Eglantine P Rubiginosa Scotch . . Spinosissima Memorial . . Wichuraiana Sweetbriar . . . Rubiginosa sepluoo'y oeyy ysnyg s,ueprey ssoy] suos¥asg Ino] (jenqadiag é ] pugq4y) aseqqry : rayseouR] pur yO X S yeURY] a poquacs-ve |, svury.) s9770SION suoqinog suryiag Ay1010q Aynevog Aasiet anjedisg 3 syorpey suvajiQ,p eurpjodoaT Telaylig) e] aq Jo]quiey wosutIT BrIepsy Jajquey sepund SCIYgAH eqiy Bsoosnyt sDUVAOI Io BI[OfIqUs7) BUIISVUIBC| BIe1OPO eorIpuy TIplUsst eqye Byeyosoyy BIO[IpUeIOH ruounig arysr hy SHIDadSaNs SHIOAdS AO SISATIVNV .PISyueg wore suaiogiaduras vorpal] esop{4g BuURIeINYyoIM, susiAradurag B193119S (xayduuts) BIOTA ByEYOsoyAy sISUdALY Salads wxIsyue gd wares) woIpuy wBso[AIS ewpAisusS NOISIAIG MOTTE UvISIOg nS TUOSTIvEY See Se xtaddo7y uelysny sMOTAA UBIIYSNY seb ayers ap Rad vorusoqrpy aR a Geis Se egy Poreqyy i phy gid wher ee pion] aha] “4 peruos te eiqni vsosny quenig sas10ay) ‘aulyy Pe eqye vsosny eueooury ee Heddy ocak erayTM0g be a a er ae eyquRioey SCGIYdAH saloddsans Penuljuo>s "SaloadS AO SISATVNV as lees s1uosny{ BYOFMaqI9g «J Aydororyyy UTUBIABT] »(Aouqieseyy) viva BIg BIPOFTNUTPAT BOIIIG vain] vainydyns Boy » BUIYIURY BINJOAUT ,eurssisourds eu OLE) esosny slienoIy eyAydosoe yy euidiy BaUOweUUll) BSOTTTA BsO USO T, eSOUIZIqny : eulUuee) SHIOddS SS ——_, eS -~ eerjoyroryduars e]]Aydosoryy BYVBIAB] 2yevaOVIg eyo nuryy BIIIG von T arpopypurdung 1o w#unissisourdg BUIpOIe) VIWOWBUUT) weuluery NOISIAIC 110 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses Arranged in Classes In order that the various classes may be studied better as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more important varieties. French, German, and English authori- ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the following lists, however, they are in substantial agreement. In case of differences we have relied upon the country of origin as our authority, e.g., Harison’s Yellow. Austrian Briar, or Lutea Austrian Copper *Harison’s Yellow Austrian Yellow *Persian Yellow Hvbrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana *Beaute de Lyon *Louise Catherine *Muriel Dickson *Constance Breslau *Rayon d’Or Juliet *Mme. Edouard Herriot *Soleil d’Or Bengal Archduke Charles Lucullus Douglas Maddalena Scalarandis Bourbon Appoline *Champion ofthe World Santa Rosa *Beauty of Rosemawr *Mme. Eugene Marlitt *Souv. de la Malmaison Burbank China Agrippina Pink Daily Viridiflorat *Hermosa *Queen’s Scarlet Damask Mrs. O. C Orpen *York and Lancaster Hybrid Perpetual Alfred Colomb Ards Rover Belle d’Orleans Alphonse Soupert Ball of Snow *Candeur Lyonnaise American Beauty Barbarossa Captain Christy *Anna de Diesbacht Baroness Rothschild Captain Hayward Antoine Wintzer Baron de Bonstetten Charles Wagner REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED The asterisk (*) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62. The dagger (f) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn- onymous roses, ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES IIT Hybrid Perpetual Roses, continued Cheshunt Hybrid *Clio Commander Jules Gravereaux Coquette des Alpes Coquette des Blanches *Coronation Eugene Furst Francois Levet *Frau Karl Druschkif *General Jacqueminot George Arends Giant of Battles *Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau Gloire de Margottin Admiral Schley Admiral Ward *Antoine Rivoire *Arthur R. Goodwin Augustus Hartman Autumn Tints Belle Siebrecht Bessie Brown Betty *Brilliant British Queen Camoéns Cardinal Carine *Chateau de Clos Vougeot Cherry Page Cherry Ripe Chrisste MacKellar Cisste Easlea Cleveland Colleen Col. R. S. Williamson Comtesse Icy Hardegg *Countess Clanwilliam Countess of Derby Countess of Gosford Countess of Shaftesbury Dean Hole Defiance Dorothy Page-Roberts Dr. J. Campbell Hall Dr. O’Donel Brown Duchess of Albanyt Duchess of Sutherland *Duchess of Wellingtont Duchess of Westminster *Gloire Lyonnaise Glory of Paris Heimrich Munch *Hugh Dickson *J. B. Clark John Hopper John Keynes Jubilee Lady Helen Stewart La Reine Mme. Charles Wood Mme. Masson Mile. Louise Crette *Magna Charta Marchioness of Lorne Margaret Dickson Hybrid Tea Earl of Warwick *Ecarlate Edgar M. Burnett Edith Part Edward Mawley Elizabeth Barnes Ethel Malcolm *Etoile de France Eugene Boullet Florence E. Coulthwait Florence Forrester *Florence Pemberton Francis Scott Key F. R. Patzer Frau Lila Rautenstraugh Gainsborough G. Amedee Hammond *General MacArthur *General-Superior Arnold Janssen George C. Waud *George Dickson Gorgeous Grace Molyneux *Gruss an _Teplitzt Gustav Grunerwald Hadley Hector MacKenzie Helen Gould H. E. Richardson *Hoosier Beauty H. V. Machin Ideal Iona Herdman Irish Beauty *Irish Elegance Irish Fireflame James Coey Janet Marshall P. Wilder *Mrs. John Laing Mrs. R. G. Sharman- Crawford Oakmont Paula Clegg *Paul Neyron *Prince Camille de Rohant Rembrandt *Roger Lambelin Tom Wood *Ulrich Brunner Vick’s Caprice Victor Verdier *Jonkheer J. L. Mock *Joseph Hill Josephine *Kaiserin Augusta Victoria *Killarney *Nillarney Brilliant Killarney, White Killarney Queen King George V. K6nigin Carola *Lady Alice Stanley Lady Greenall *Lady Mary Ward Lady Moyra Beauclere Lady Pirrie Lady Ursula *La Francet *La Tosca *Laurent Carle Leslie Holland Liberty Lieutenant Chaure Louise Lilia *Lyon Rose Mme. Abel Chatenay Mme. Bernier d’Arnex *Mme. Caroline Testout *Mme. Chas. Lutaud Mme. Colette Martinet (Mme. Derepas- Matrat) *Mme. Edmond Rostand Mme. Eugenie Boullet Mme. Felix Faure Mme. Jenny Guillemot Mme. Jules Bouche *Mme. Jules Grolez Mme. J, W. Budde It is curious that this charming though extremely odd-looking variety should be so little known and Jess grown. It has scalloped petals of deep crimson, narrowly edged with white, reminding one of the Cross of the Legion of Honor. This Rose, ROGER LAMBELIN, is a rare and unique member of the Hardy Hybrid Perpetual family. ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES pe Hybrid Tea Roses, continued . Leon Pain . Maurice de Luze . Melanie Soupert Mme. P. Euler . Phillip Rivoire . Ravary . Schwaller *Mme. Segond Weber Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau Mile. Helena Gambier Mile. Marie Mascurand Mabel Drew Magnafrano Mama Looymans Marcella *Margaret Dickson Hamill Mark Twain Marquise de Querhoent *Marquise de Sinety *Mary, Countess of II- chester Max Hesdorffer May Miller Meteor Mevrouw Dora Van . Ambrose Riccardo . Amy Hammond . Andrew Carnegie . Archie Gray . ALR. be Nig Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson Mrs. Chas. Hunter Mrs. Chas. Russell . Conway Jones . Cornwallis West rs. David Jardine - David McKee . Edward Powell . Forde Vanderbilt Mrs. George Gordon Mrs. George Norwood Mrs. George Shawyer Mrs, Harold Brocklebank Mrs. Harvey Thomas . Hugh Dickson . J. H. Welsh . MacKellar . Maynard Sinton . Moorefield Storey . R. D. McClure . Richard Draper . Robert Garrett . Sam Ross . T. Hillas s. Theo. Roosevelt . Wakefield Chris- tie-Miller Mrs. Wemyss Quin *My Maryland Natalie Bottner Neervelt Nerissa Old-Gold Oliva *Ophelia Panama Peerless Pernet’s Triumph Pharisiter President Vignet Prima Donnat Prince Charles d’Arenbur; Prince of Bulgaria Princess Bonnte Queen Beatrice Queen Mary *Radiance eee d’Or Red-Letter Day Reine Carola de Saxe Reine Marguerite d’Italie Rene Robbins Renee Wilmart Urban *Rhea Reid Richmond Sea-Bird Souv. de E. Guillard *Souv. de Gustav Prat Souv. du Pres. Carnot pou, of Lee pectacu *Sunburst *Taft Rose Veluwezoomt Viscountess Enfield Virginia R. Coxet alter Speed Waltham’s Scarlet W. E. Lippiatt Wellesley West Grove *White Killarney William Cooper *William Shean *Willowmere Winnie Davis There are in this list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently tested to recommend. *Blanche Moreau Blanche Roberts Caroline Marneis Comtesse de Murinais £nnchen Miller *Baby Dorothyt Baby Rambler{ Betsy Van Nes *Mlle. Cecile Brunner Clothilde Soupert Echo Moss *Crested Moss Crimson Globe Eugene de Savoi *Glory of Mosses Polyantha *Ellen Poulsen *Erna Teschendorff Etoile de Mai George Elger Galdaneh *Gruss an Aachen Katherine Zeimet *Henry Martin Mousseline *Princess Adelaide Salet *Leonie Lamesch *Louise Waltert *Mme. Norbert Leva- vasseurt *Maman Levavasseurt{ *Marie Pavie Mignont 114 HOW TO GROW ROSES Polyantha Roses, continued Mignonette Miniature Mosella, T.P. Mrs. W. H. Cutbusht Mme. Jules Gouchault ey Emily Carmen ice Aldrich Amelia Gravereaux Beaute Poitevine *Blanche Double de *Conrad Ferdinand Meyer Ada Carmody *Alexander Hill Gray Alliance Franco-Russe Anna Oliver Aurora Beaute Inconstante Betty Berkeley Blumenschmidt Bon Silene Bride *Bridesmaid Canadian Belle Catherine Mermet Comtesse Riza du Parc Comtesse Sophy Torby Coquette de Lyon Corallina Corinna Cornelia Cook David Pradel *Devoniensist Dr. Grill *Duchesse de Brabant Enchantress *Etoile de Lyon Fr. von Marschall General R. E. Lee G. Nabonnand Golden Gate *Harry Kirk *Helen Good Henry M. Stanley *Hugo Roller Isabella Sprunt Ivory Mrs. Taftt *Orleans Perle d’Or Sweetheartt *Tip-Top Rugosa Hansa Mme. Chas. Frederick Worth Magnifica *New Century Nova Zembla Regina Badet Repens alba *Roseraie de L’Hay Tea J. B. Varonne K6nigin Wilhelmina *Lady Hillingdon Lady Plymouth Lady Roberts Lena Letty Coles Mme. Antoine Mari *Mme. Camille Mme. Caroline Kuster Mme. C. P. Strassheim Mme.Derepas-Matratf Mme. de Vatrey Mme. de Watteville Mme. Elie Lambert Mme. F. Kruger . Hoste . Jean Dupuy . Jos. Schwartz . Lambard . Margottin . Olga . Rene Gerard . Vermorel me. Welche Mile. J. Phillips *Madison *Maman Cochetf *Maman Cochet, White *Marie Guillot Marie Lambert *Marie Van Houtte Marion Dingee Medea Bengal, Climber Empress of China Triomphe d’Orleans White Soupert Yellow Soupert Yvonne Rabier Roseraie Parfum de L’ y Rosa Tetankaba *Rugosa alba *Rugosa rubra *Sir Thomas Lipton (White Century) Souv. de Pierre Leperdrieux *Miss Alice de Rothschild *Molly S. Crawford *Mrs. B. R. Cant ‘Mrs. Campbell Hall Mrs. Foley Hobbs Mrs. Herbert Hawksworth *Mrs. Herbert Stevens Mrs. Hubert Taylor Mrs. Myles Kennedy Mrs. S. T. Wright Muriel Grahame Nita Weldon Papa Gontier *Perle des Jardins Perle des Jaunes Princess Hohenzollern Princess de Sagan Queen Olga of Greece ueen, Thet Rainbow Rose d’Evian *Safrano Sombrieul Souv. de Catherine Guillot *Souv. de Pierre Notting Sulphurea *Sunrise Sunset White Maman Cochet *Wm. R. Smitht Winter Gem ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES Belle Siebrecht Carmine Pillar (Paul’s) *Gruss an Teplitz, Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Climbing Killarney, Climbing Cumberland Belle Aglaia *American Pillar *Birdie Blye Flower of Fairfield Geisha *Alister Stella Grayf Bridesmaid, Climbing Chromatellat Cloth of Goldt Cecile Brunner, Climbing *Amy Robsart *Anne of Geierstein Devoniensis, Climbing Gloire de Dijon Isabella Gray James Sprunt ee Helerney White, Climbing La France, Pink, Climbing Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing Mme. Wagram Climbing Moss Chmbing Hybrid Teas Meteor, Climbing My Maryland, Climbing Reine Marie Henriette, Climbing Souv. of Wootton, Climbing Wichmoss Multiflora Miss Messman Ramblerst Mosella, Climbing *Tausendschént *Philadelphia Rambler Thalia Psyche Trier Rambler, Crimson Wartburg Noisette Lamarque Reve d’Or Mme. Alfred Carriere Solfaterre *Marechal Niel Climbing Polyantha Clothilde Soupert, Climbing Sweetbriar Chmbing Tea Mme. Driout Mine. Jules Gravereaux Maman Cochet, Pink, Climbing *Wm. Allen Richardson Frau Berta Guertler, Climbing *Lady Penzance *Sweetbriar, Common Maman Cochet, White, Climbing Perle des Jardins, Climbing Pillar of Gold Wichuraiana and Hybrids Alba rubrifolia *Alberic Barbier *American Beauty, Climbing Aviator Bleriot Cassimer Moulle *Christine Wright *Coronation Daybreak Debutante Dorothy Dennisont *Dorothy Perkinst *Dorothy Perkins, White *Dorothy Perkins, Redt *Dr. W. Van Fleet Dr. W. Van Fleet, White Evangeline Evergreen Gem ee arquhar *Gardenia *Hiawatha Jersey Beauty Juanita Lady Duncan Lady Gayt Longwood Manda’s Triumph *Mary Lovettt *May Queen Minnehaha Mrs. M. H. Walsh Pearl Queen Prof. C. S. Sargent Robert Craig Ruby Queen Shower of Gold *Silver Moon Sodenia South Orange Perfection Sweetheart Universal Favorite W.C. Egan *Wichmoss *Wichuraiana Wichuariana variegata 116 HOW TO GROW ROSES Acicularis, 109. Ada Carmody, 114. Admiral Aaron Ward, 81. Admiral Aaron Ward Rose 11d. Admiral Schley, 111. fEnnchen Muller, 113. Aglaia, 108, 115. Agnes Emily Carmen, 114. Agrippina, 110. a, 108. Alba rubrifolia, 115. Alberic Barbier, 43. Alexander Hill Gray, 43. Alfred Colomb, 110. Alice Aldrich, 114. Alister Stella Gray (Golden Rambler), 43. Alliance Franco-Russe, 114. Alphonse Soupert, 110. Alpina, 109. Altaica, 109. AlGeudey Consideration of, Americana, 109. Amelia Gravereaux, 114. American Beauty (Mme. Ferd. Jamin), 110. American Beauty, Climb- ing, 43-__ American Pillar, 44. American Rose Society, 92. Amy Robsart, 44. Analysis of Species, 107- 109. Anna de Diesbach, 44. nna Oliver, 114. Anne of Geierstein, 44. Antoine Rivoire, 44. Antoine Wintzer, 110. Aphides or green-fly, How and when to des- troy, 6, 30. Appoline, 110. Archduke Charles, tro. Ards Rover, 110. Arsenate of lead, How to use, 6. Arthur R. Goodwin, 44. Arvensis, 108. Ashes, Use of Coal, 6. Attar of Roses, 102. Avenue effect with roses, 13. Augustus Hartman, 111. Aurora, 114. Austrian Copper, 109, 110. Austrian Yellow, 109, 110. Autumn Tints, 111. Aviator Bleriot, 115. Ayrshire, 108. Baby Dorothy (Maman Levavasseur), 44, 106. Baby Rambler, Crimson (Mme. Norbert Leva- vasseur), 44, 106, Index Baby Ramblers, 44, 106. Baby Tausendschén (Louise Walter), 106. Barley. Prof. Liberty H., 38. Ball of Snow, 106, 110. Banksiz, 108. Banksia, 108. Barbarossa, 110. Baron de Bonstetten, 110. Baroness Rothschild, 110. Beaute de Lyon, 44. Beaute Inconstante, 114. Beaute Poitevine, 114. Beauty of Rosemawr, 44. Beds, Rose, shape and size, 11. Belle d’Orleans, 110. Belle Stebrecht, 111. Belle Siebrecht, Climbing, 11g. Berberifolia, 109. Bessie Brown, 111. Betsy Van Nes, 113. Betty, 111. Betty Berkeley, 114. Bibliography, 105. Birdie Blye, 44. Black-spot, 30. Blanc Double de Cou- bert, 44. Blanche Moreau, 44. Blanche Roberts, 113. Blumenschmidt, 114. Bone-dust, When to use, 17: Bon Silene, 114. Books about roses, 105. Bourbons, 108. Bracteata, 109. Bracteate, 109. Bride, 114. Bridesmaid, 44. Bridesmaid, Climbing, 115. Brilliant, 44. British Queen, 111. Bruant, M. Georges, 86. Brunoni, 108. Budded roses, 36. Bud-rot, 30. Burbank, tro. Burying roses for winter, 27. Cabbage, 108. Calendar of operations, 1 Fe Camoéns, 111. Canadian Belle, 114. Candeur Lyonnaise, 44. Canina, 109. Couns roses for grafting, Canine, 100. Captain Christy, 110. Captain Hayward, 110. Cardinal, 111, Carine, 111. Carmen, Robert C. S., 86. Carmine Pillar, 115. Carolina, 109. Caroline, 109. Caroline Marneis, 113. Catherine Mermet, 114. Cassimer Moulle, 115. Cecile Brunner, 44. Cecile Brunner, Climbing, 115. Centifolia, 108. Champs of the World, 46. Chapman, Mr., ornitholo- gist, 10. Charles Dingee, 106. Charles F. Worth, 114. Charles Wagner, 110. Chateau de Clos Vougeot, 46. Cherry Page, 111. Cherry Ripe, 111. Cheshunt Hybrid, 111. Chinas, 108. Chrissie MacKellar, 111. Christine Wright, 46. Cinnamomea, 109. Cissie Easlea, 111. Classes of Roses, 39, 110— 115. Cleveland, rrr. io, 46. Clothilde Soupert, 113. Clothilde Soupert, Climb- Ing, 115. Colleen, irr. Color plates, 1, 12, 21, 32, 40, 45, 51, 58, 63, 70, 78, 87, 94, 103, 112, 117. Col. R. S. Williamson, 111. Commander Jules Graver- eaux, 111. Comtesse de Murinais, 113 Comtesse Icy Hardegg, It. Comtesse Riza du Pare, 114. Comtesse Sophy Torby, 114. Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 109. Conserving moisture, 25. Constance, 46. Contents, table of, 2. Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100. Coquette des Alpes, 11°. Coquette des Blanches, 111. Coquette de Lyon, 114. Corallina, 114. Corinna, 114. Cornelia Cook, 114. Coronation (H.P.), 46. Countess Clanwilliam, 46. Countess of Derby, 111. Countess of Gosford, 111. Countess of Shaftesbury, Tt, PINK BABY RAMBLER, or BABY DOROTHY, is a ary repre- sentative of the Baby Rambler family, ney available in an Blast endless variety of colors, including w ite and all shades of pink and r This is the dwarf-growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums, because it is so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly. 118 HOW TO GROW ROSES Crested Moss, 47. Crimson Globe, 113. Crimson Rambler, 108, 115, Cumberland Belle, 115. Currey, J. A., 77. Daily Mail (Mme. Edouard Herriot), 53. Damascena, 108. David Pradel, 114. Daybreak, 115. ean Hole, 10, 111. Debutante, 115. Defiance, 111. De la Grifferai, 108. Devoniensis, 47. Dr. Grill, 114. Distance apart for roses, It. Dr. J. Campbell Hall, roi. Dr. O’ Donel Brown, 111. Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47. Dr. W. Van Fleet, White, Th5. Dorothy Dennison, 106, IIS. Dorothy Page Roberts, ITt. Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106, 108. Dorothy Perkins, Red, 106. . : Dorothy Perkins, White, Douglas, 110. Drainage, 10-14. Duchesse de Brabant. 47. Duchess of Albany, 111. Duchess of Sutherland, Dh ig Duchess of Wellington, 47>. Duchess of Westminster, It. Dundee Rambler, 108. Dutch Beauty, 106. Earl of Warwick, 111. Ece, 109. Ecarlate, 47. Echo, 113. Edgar M. Burnett, rit. Edith Part, rtr. Edward Mawlevy, 111. Egan, W. C., 26, 85. Effen Poulsen, 47. Eliot, Charles W., 91. Elizabeth Barnes, 111. Empress of China, 14. Enchantress, 114. Erna Teschendorff, 47. Ethel Malcolm, 111. Etoile de France, 48. Etoile de Lyon, 48. Etoile de Mai, 113. Eugene Boullet, 111. Eugene de Savoi, 113. Eugene Furst, 111, Euphrosine, 106. Evangeline, 115, Evergreen Gem, 115. Excelsa, 48. Expert opinions, 77-91. Farquhar, 115. -Coulthwaite, 111. Felicite et Perpetue, 108. Fertilizers of all kinds, 16. Florence Forrester, 111. Florence Pemberton, 48. Flower of Fairfield, 115. Formal garden, illustrated, 13. Four seasons, 108. Francois Levet, 111. Francis Scott Key, 111. Frau Berta Guertler, 115. Frau Karl Druschkt, 48. Frau Lila Rautenstraugh, Int. F. R. Patzer, 111. Fr. von Marschall, 114. Fungoid troubles, 7. Gainsborough, 111. Gallica, 108. Gallice, 108. G. Amcdee Hammond, 111. Gardenia, 48. Geisha, 115. General Jacqueminot, 48. General MacArthur, 48. General R. E. Lee, 114. General-Superior Arnold- Janssen, 48. George Arends, 111. George C. Waud, 111. George Dickson, 48. George Elger, 113. Giant of Battles, rir. Giant Tree Rose, iulustra- tion of, 08. Gloire de Chedane uinoisseau, 49. Gloire de Dijon, 26. Gloire de Margottin, 111. Gloire Lyonnaise, 49. Glory of Mosses, 40. Gloire de Paris, 106. Glory of Parts, 111. G. Nabonnand, 114. Goldfinch, 113. Golden Gate, 114. Golden Rambler (see Alis- ter Stella Gray) Golden rules, 29. Gorgeous, 111. Grace Molyneux, 111. Gralted roses, 36. Grandiflora, 108. Gravereaux, M. Jules, 24. Green-fly, Aphis or, How to destroy, 6, 30. Green Rose, 106. Gruss an Aachen, 49. Gruss an Teplitz, 49. Gruss an Teplitz, Climb- ing, 49. Gustav Grunerwald, 111. Hadley, 111. Hansa, 114. Harisonii, 109. Harison’s Yellow, 49. Harry Kirk, 40. Hector MacKenzie, 111. Heeling-in roses, 19. Heinrich Munch, 111. Helen Good, 49. Helen Gould, 111. H. E. Richardson, 111. Henri Martin, 49. Henry M. Stanley, 114, Hermosa, 40. Hiawatha, 49. Hibernica, 109. Hoosier Beauty, 50. uey, Dr. Robert, 82. Hugh Dickson, 50. Hugonis, 109. Hugo Roller, 50. H. V. Machin, rrr. Hybridizing, A few words about, 104. Ideal, rir. Indica, 108. Indice, 108. Indica odorata, 108. Indica sanguinea, 108. Insect enemies, 30. Involuta, 109. Jona Herdman, 11x. Trish Beauty, 111. Trish Elegance, 50. Jrish Fireflame, 111. Isabella Sprunt, 114. Ivory, 114. J. B. Varonne, 114. James Coey, 111. Janet, tir. J.B. Clark, 50. Jeannette Heller, 106. Jersey Beauty, 109, 115. John Hopper, 111. John Keynes, 111. Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50. Joseph Hill, 50. Josephine, 111. Juanita, 115. Jubilee, 111. Julict, 50. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 50. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, limbing, 115. Katherine Zeimet, 113. Killarneys, 50, 106. Killarney Brilliant, 50. Killarney Queen, 11t. Killarney, Striped, 106. Killarney, Climbing, 115. Killarney, White, 111. Killarney, White, Climb- ing, 115. King George V., 111. Konigin Carola, rrr. Konigin Wilhelmina, 114. INDEX 119 Labeling, 22, 23. Labels, copper, 22; zinc; celluloid, stake, garden- club, Mann, 23; Sim- plex, 24. Lady Alice Stanley, 50. dy Duncan, 114. Lady Gay, 114. Lady Godiva, 106. Lady Greenall, 111. Lady Helen Stewart, 111. Lady Hillingdon, 50. Lady Mary Ward, 50. dy Moyra Beauclerc, Mt. Lady Penzance, 50. Lady Pirrie, 111. Lady Plymouth, 114. Lady Roberts, 114. Lady Ursula, 111. La France, 50, 106. La France, Climbing, 115. La France, Red (Duchess of Albany), 106. La France, Striped, 106. La France, White (Augus- tine Guinoisseau), 106. Lamarque, 115. La Reine, 111. La Reine des Neige, 106. La Roseire, 106. La Tosca, 50. Laurent Carle, 52. Levigata, 109. Levigate, 109. Lena, 114. Leonie Lambert, 111. Leonie Lamesch, 52. Leopoldine d’Orleans, 108. Leslie Holland, 111. Letty Coles, 114. Liberty, 111. Lieutenant Chaure, 111. Longwood, 114. Loutse C. Breslau, 52. Louise Lilia, 111. Louise Walter, 52. Lueida, 109. Lucullus, 110. Lutea, 109. Lutez, 109. Lyon Rose, 52. Macartney, 109. McFarland, ° Horace, 92, 105. Macrantha, 109. Macrophylla, 109. Mme. Abel Chatenay, 111. Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52. Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106. Mme. Antoine Mari, 114. me. Bernier d’Arnex, III. Mme. Camille, 52. Mme. Caroline Kuster, 114. Mme. C. P. Strassheim, 114. me. Caroline Testout, 52, Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing, 115. Mme. Chas. Frederick Worth, 114. Mme. Charles Lutaud, 52. Mme. Charles Wood, 111. me. Colette Martinet, It. Mme. Derepas-Matrat, 106, 114. Mme. de Vatrey, 114. Mme. de Watteville, 114. Mme. Driout, 115. Mme. Edmond Rostand, 52. Mme. Edouard Herriot ay Mail Rose), 53. Mme. Elie Lambert, 114. Mme. Eugenie Boullet, II Mme. Eugene Marlitt, 53- Mme. Felix Faure, 111. Mme. F. Kruger, 114. Mme. Georges Bruant, 109. Mme. Hoste, 114. Mme. Jean Dupuy, 114. me. Jenny Guillemot, loon Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114. Mme. Jules Bouché, 111. me. Jules Gouchault, TIA Mme. Jules Gravereaux, 115. Mme. Jules Grolez, 53. me. J. W. Budde, 111. Mme. Lambard, 114. Mme. Leon Pain, 53. Mme. Margottin, 114. Mme. Masson, 111. Mme. Maurice de Luze, 113. Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53. Mme. Norbert Levavas- seur (Crimson Baby Rambler), 113. Mme. Olga, 114. Mme. Phillip Rivoire, 113. Mme. P, Euler, 113. Mme. Plantier, 75. Mme. Ravary, 53. Mme. Rene Gerard, 114. Mme. Segond Weber, 53. Mme. Vermorel, 114. Mme. Wagram, 115. Mme. Welche, 114. Mille. Augustine Guinois- seau, I cp Mlle. Helena Gambier, 113. Mile. J. Phillips, 114. Mille. Louise Crete, 111. Mlle, Marie Mascurand, 113. Mabel Drew, 113. Madison, 53. Maddalena Scalarandis, 110. Magna Charta, 53. Magnafrano, 113. Magnifica, 114. Magnolia Rose, 106. Maiden’s Blush, 108. Mama Looymans, 113. Maman Cochet, Pink, 53. Maman Cochet, Pink, Climbing, 53- Maman Cochet, White, 56. Maman _ Cochet, White, Climbing, 115. Maman Cochet, Yellow, 106. Maman Levavasseur (Baby Dorothy), 106, 113. A Manda’s Triumph, 114. Manetti, 108. Manetti roses for grafting, 36. Manure, liquid, When to apply, 16. Map of U.S. A., 18. Marcella, 113. Marchioness of Lorne, 111. Marechal Niel, 56. Margaret Dickson, 111. Margaret Dickson Hamill, 56. Marie Guillot, 56. Marie Lambert, 114. Marie Leonidas, 108. Marie Pavie, 56. Marie Van Houtte, 56. Marion Dingee, 114. Mark Twain, 113. Marquise de Querhoent, 113. Marquise de Sinety, 56. Marshall P. Wilder, 111. Mary, Countess of IIches- ter, be Mary Lovett, 56. Mawley, Edward, 209. Max Hesdorfler, 113. May Miller, 113. May Queen, 56. Medea, 114. Meteor, 113. Meteor, Climbing, 115. Mice, How to guard against, 27. Microphylla, 109. Microphylle, 109. Mignon, 106, 113. Mignonette, 114. Milady, 113. Mildew, How to remedy, 6. Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-97. Miniature, 114. Minnehaha, 115. Minutifolia 109. Miss Alice de Rothschild, Te Mix Cynthia Forde, 57. Miss Messman, 115. Moisture, How to con- serve, 25. 120 Moles, How against, 27. Molly Sharman-Crawford, 57- Moschata, 108. Moschata alba, 108. Moscosa, 108. Mosella, 114. | Mosella, Climbing, 115. Moss, 108. Mousseline, 113. Multiflora simplex, 108. Multifolie, 109. Mrs. Aaron Ward, 57. Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113. Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo, 113. to guard Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113. Mrs. 113. Mrs. Archie Gray, 113. Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57. Mrs. B. R. Cant, $7. Mrs. Bertram T. Walker, 1133, Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114. Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson, 113. Mrs. Chas. Hunter, 113. Mrs. Charles Russell, 113. Mrs. Conway Jones, 113. Mrs. Cornwallis West, 113. ‘ Mrs. David Jardine, 113. Mrs. David McKee, 113. Mrs. Edward Powell, 113. Mrs. Forde, 113. Mrs. Foley Hobbs, 114. Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt, 113. Mrs. George Gordon, 113. Mrs. George Norwood, 13s Mrs. George Shawyer, 113. Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, 113. Mrs. Harvey Thomas, I Fi. Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114. rs. Herbert Stevens, 57. Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114. Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113. Mrs. John Laing, 57. Mrs. J. H. Welsh, 113. Mrs. Mackellar, 113. rs. Maynard Sinton, 113. Mrs. M. H. Walsh, 115. Mrs. Moorefield Storey, 113. Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114. Mrs. O. G. Orpen, 110. Mrs. R. D. McClure, 113. Mrs. Richard Draper, Nees R. G. Sharman- Crawford, 111. Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113. Mrs. Robert Peary, 115. Mrs. Sam Ross, 113. Andrew Carnegie, Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114. Mrs. Taft, 114. Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, 113. Mrs. T. Hillas, 113. Mrs. W. Christie Miller, 57 Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, 106, 114. Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113. Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106. Mulch, dust 6; grass, leaves, sawdust, peat- moss, 7, 25. Mulching, 25. Multiflora roses for graft- ing, 36. Municipal _rose-gardens, 95: Muriel Dickson, 57. Muriel Grahame, 114. Muscosa, 108. My Maryland, 50. My Maryland, Climbing, TIS: Natalie Bottner, 113. Neervelt, 113. Nerissa, 113. New Century, 59. Nita Weldon, 114. Noisettes, 108. Nova Zembla, 114. Oakmont, 111. Old-Gold, 113. Oliva, 113. Ophelia, 59. Orleans, 50. Orpet, Me. 26. Panama, 113. Papa Gontier, 114. Parker, G. A., 91, 95. Paula Clegg, 111. Paul Neyron, 59. Paul’s Carmine Pillar, 115. Pearl Queen, 115. Peerless, 113. Pemberton, Rev. J. H., 105. Perle d’Or, 114. Perle des Jardins, 59. Perle des Jardins, Climb- ing, 115. Perle des Jaunes, 114. Pernet’s Triumph, 113. Persian Yellow, 59, 109. Pharisaer, 1 — Philadelphia Rambler, 59. Pillar of Gold, 115. Pimpinellifoliz, 109. Pink Daily, 110. Pink Memorial, Dbl, (Uni- versal Favorite), 115. Pissardii, 108. Plant-food, 7. Plant roses, When to, 17. Plant roses, Depth to, 20. HOW TO GROW ROSES Planting roses, General rules on, 20. Platting, 24. Pomifera, 109. Powdery mildew, 30. President Vignet, 113. Prima Donna (Mme. P. Euler), 106, 113. Prince Camille de Rohan, 59, 106. Prince Charles d’Aren- burg, 113. Prince of Bulgaria, 113. Princess Adelaide, 59. Princess Bonnie, 113. Princess de Sagan, 114. Princess Hohenzollern, 114. Prof. C, S. Sargent, 115. Protection for winter, 26- 29. Protecting tree roses, 29. Provence, 108. Prune, When to, 6, 7. Pruning, information, 31~ 35. Pruning-shears, 35. Psyche, 115. Pyle, Robert, 100. Queen Beatrice, 113. Queen Mary, 113. Queen Olga of Greece, 114. Queen’s Scarlet, 59. Queen, The, 106, 114. Radiance, 60. Rainbow, 114. Rambler, Crimson, 115. Ramblers, 115. Rayon d’Or, 60. Red-Letter Day, 113. Red Rose Church at Man- heim, 100. Regina Badet, 114. Reime Carola de Saxe, 113. Reine Marguerite d’ Italie, 1133 Reine Marie Henriette, 115. Rembrandt, 111. Rene Robbins, 113. Renee Wilmart Urban, 113. Repens alba, 114. Reve d’Or, 115. Rhea Reid, 60. Richmond, 113. Robert Craig, 115. Roberts, Rev. F. Page, 14. Roger Lambelin, 60. Roosevelt, Ex-President heodore, 10. Rose-beads, 101. Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6. Rose-bug, 30. Rose-chafer, 30. Rose-garden, The teur’s, & Rose-gardens, Famous, 27, 97, 98-100. ama- INDEX I21I Rose-gardens, Municipal, eee hedes oe ‘Ae Rose nicotine "ior aphis, 6, 30. Rose perfume, 102. Rose progress, 93, 97- Rose-slug, Spray foe! 6, 30. Rose test-gardens, 93. Roses, Appropriate uses for, 41, 42. Roses, Attar of, ror. Roses, Cemetery, 75. Roses, Dependable varie- ties of, 43 a esblishings ideals, Ress: Forcing, 76. Roses, How to arrange, 5. aes Various uses of, 4-77 Roses, Where to plant, 9. Rose d’Evian, 114. Roseraie de L’Hay, 60. Roseraie de L’ Hay Rose- garden, Partial descrip- tion of, 98-100. Roseraie Parfum de L’ Hay, 114. Rubiginosa, 109. Rubrifolia, 108. Ruby Queen, 115. Rugosa, 109. Rugosa alba, 60, 109. Rugosa rubra, 60, 109. Safrano, 60. Salet, 113. Santa Rosa, 110. Scissors, Pruning, 35- Sea-bird, 113. Selecting the right roses, 37-41. Semperflorens, 108. Sempervirens, 108. Sericea, 109. Sericez, 109. Setigera, 108. Shears, Pruning, 35. hower of Gold, 115. [ver Moon, 60 CU) mica, 109. ir Thomas J .ipton, 61. Bee tans roses, About, AMY) Soap, Whale-oil, 30. See 115. Soils, Soleil at Or, 61. Solfaterre, 115. South Orange Perfection, IIs. Souv. de Catherine Guil- lot, 114. Souv. de E. Guillard, 113. Souv. de Gustav Prat, 61. Souv. de la Malmaison, 61. Souv. de Pierre Leper- drieux, 114. Souv. de P. Notting, 61. Souv. du President Carnot, LL Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106. Souv. of Wootton, 113. Souv. of Wootton, Climb- ing, 115. Spectacular, 113. Spinosissima, 109. Spinosissime, 109. Spray, When to, 6, 7- Standard roses, 13, 73- Staking, 22. Styler 108. tylose, 108. ulphurea, 109, 114. ae Sunrise, 61. Sunset, 114. Synonymous 1 roses, 106. Synstyle, 108 Sweetbriar, 61. Sweetheart, 106, 115. Taft Rose, 61. Tausendschén, oe Tea-scented, 108 Temperature i ” different latitudes, 18. Temple of Love, 99. Test-gardens, 93. Thalia, 1 ee Thomas, George C., Jr., 25. Thousand Beauties, 106. Tip-Top, 114. Tomentosa, 109. Tom Wood, 111. Tree roots, Danger from, 9. Tree roses, 13, 73- Trier, 115. Triomphe d’Orleans, 114. Ulrich Brunner, 62. Universal Favorite, 115. Van Fleet, Dr. W., Varieties, ‘Number ig 37. Veluwezoom, 113. Vick’s Caprice, 111. Victor Verdier, 111. Villosa, 109. Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113. Viridiflora, 110. Viscountess Enfield, 113. Walter Speed, 113. Waltham’s Scarlet, 113. Ward, Admiral Aaron, 81. War of the Roses, York and Lancaster Rose, as- sociated with the, 63. 2 ure, 115. an, II Weed, cae to Lees down, w. at Lippiatt, 113. Wellesley, 113. West Grove, 113. White American Beauty, (Frau Karl Druschki), 106. White Killarney, 62. White Killarney, Climb- ing, 115 White Maman Cochet, 56. White Maman Cochet, Climbing, 115. White Soupert, 114. Wichmoss, 62 Wichuraiana, 62, 108. Wichuraiana variegata, 115. Wm. pies Richardson, 62. Wm. Cooper, We Wm. R. Smith, 62. William Shean, 62. Willowmere, 62. Winnie Davis, 113. Winter Gem, 114. Winter-protection, 27-29 reece eerie When to remove, 27. Wirth, Theodore, 29, 79. Xanthina, 109. Yellow Soupert, 114 bat and Lancaster, 62, 108. Yvonne Rabier, 114. J. Horace McFarland Co., Printers, Harrisburg, Pa.