ae Mt jee BAILEY, Ps Leia MOTO" Ai) Ly 4 or QUEINSLANT. Ss i LUSTRAT ING ae ih tn? T, BRISBAN ms. Price: Five Shillings. — ‘ef Mew Bork Htate College of Agriculture At Cornell Gniversity Bthaca, N. DP. Library Cornell University Library ak 453.B14 wn mann Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003539479 THE QUEENSLAND FLORA: BY F. MANSON BAILEY, F.LS., COLONIAL, BOTANIST OF QUEENSLAND. WITH PLATES ILLUSTRATING SOME RARE SPECIES. PART V. LORANTHACE.? TO LEMNACEA PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE QUEENSLAND. GOVERNMENT. QUEENSLAND PRINTED BY H. J. DIDDAMS & CO., ADELAIDE STREET, BRISBANE. 1902 = H. J. DIDDAMS & CO,, PRINTERS, ADELAIDE STREET, BRISBANE, LIST OF PLATES, (Continued,) To tace page Pratt LXII.—Loranthus Bidwilli a is i re oh ee 1378 Puate LXIII.—Loranthus mprtifolius .. i se es oe an 1378 Puate LXIV.—Loranthus grandibracteus oi oe is i ea 1381 Pirate LXV.—Balanophora fungosa a ss a 5 ss an 1892 Prate LXVI.—Omphalea queenslandie a its a4 st te 1455 Puarr LXVII.— Sarcochilus Hartmanni ae aye oe a a 1551 Prater LXVII.—Teniophyllum Muelleri or ee ee on +e 1587 Pirate LXIX.—Crinum pedunculatum .. as oe ee eS 0 1608 Prater LXX,.—Crinum Douglasii ae es i a ae ae 1609 Puare LXXI.—Crinum brevistylum a a a eo ‘i oes 1609 Prats LXXII.— Crinum pestilentis He sa oe Pe ah ae 1610 Prare LXXILI.—Crinum brisbanicum .. os as we eh a 1611 (Oval fig. = trans. sect. of scape.) Pratt LXXIV.—Calos temma album... ay oe ee ng oc 1613 Prarzk LXXV.—Borya septentrionalis .. ais 2 ae Sis “a 1639 Puate LXXVI.—Amorphophallus galbra iS ha a es AA 1696 CONTENTS, Conspecrus or THE ORDERS Onpux CXIV. Loranthacese CXV. Santalaces CXVI. Balanophores .. ie Ad iy CXVII. Euphorbiacee .. CXVIII. Balanopses CXIX. Urticacese CXX. Casuarinex CXXI. Cupulifere CXXII. Ceratopbyllee .. Class 2. Gynanosperms CXXIII. Coniferee CXXIV. Cycadacer ove Pe oe oe Class 3. Monocotyledons CXXV. Hydrocharider CXXVI. Burmanniacee .. CXXVII. Orchidew CXXVIII. Scitamines CXXIX. Hemodoracer .. CXXX. Ividacez CXXNI. Amaryllideee CXXXII. Taccacew aS CXXXHI. Dioscovrides .. ea is fe CXXXIV. Roxburghiaces a CXXXV. Liliacee ié sf Ys A CXXXVI. Pontederiacee .. as CXXXVII. Philydracer .. ae ae CXXXVIII. Xyridex 3s ag ae CXXXIX. Commelinucer bs ie CXL. Flagellariacer .. CXLI. Juncacere ee oe CXLII. Palme sce oe ne is CXLITI. Pandanacee .. ai ss CXLIV. Typhacer CXLV. Trize Ill. Phyllanthez.—Sepals 1-2 seriate. Petals minute or none. Stamens 1-2 seriate ; outer series opposite the sepals, or all in the centre of the flower. Ovary 2, many celled, cells 2-ovulate. Raphe of ovule ventral. Inflorescence axillary or lateral. * Leaves alternate, undivided, quite entire. Petals present. Stamens 3-6. Male flowers in axillary fascicles or selitary. + Calyx valvate. Filaments united in a column. Ovary 2-celled. Fruitadrupe. . . ......... . . . 10. Bripetta. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit capsular. . . 3 ee ee we we). 1D, Crersranrnus. t} Calyx fenbieaian Filaments free. Trees or stout shrubs. Flowers large. Male disk 5-lobed. Cotyledons crumpled. . 2 is Be fe Sy ae a gr a ge DO ACTER BIA: Herbs or slender shrubs. Flowers small. Male disk of 10 linear scales . . 13. ANDRACHNE. ** Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), undivided, quite entire. Sepals imbricate. Styles or their branches slender (except in Glochidion). Petals none. Stamens 3 or more. Male flowers in axillary fascicles or solitary. + Fruit dry, capsular, of 3 or more 2-valved cocci. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Sepals 4 to 6. Disk aa in both sexes. Styles terminal, free or united below . . és 14. PayLuaxruus. Shrubs or trees. Calyx 4 to 6-lobed, toothed or ’ partite. Disk none in either sex. Styles confluent in a long or short head, cone or column . ea he Grocnrton. tt Fruit a berry or of 3 to 6 cocci enclosed ina fleshy or dry faleniecnt rarely 6-valved epicarp. Shrubs. Flowers monecious. Sepals 5 or 6. Stamens 5 or 6 exserted. Styles 2, clavate or broad, undivided. Fruit 3 2-valved cocci . . . 16. Neorerera. Shrubs. Flowers dicecious. Sepals 5. Stamens 3 to 5. Styles elongate. Fruit fleshy or dry; with 6 cocci . . . 17. Fuvreera. Slender shrubs. Sepals and stamens 4 to 6. Fruit a berry with 6 to 12 crustaceous seeds. . . 14. Kineanenia. Shrubs or trees. Male calyx ‘turbinate or hemispheric, lobes minute inflexed. Anthers 3. Fruit dry or fleshy with 3 to 6 indehiscent cocci . . . , . 18. Breynra. ¥** Leaves alternate, undivided, entire or serrulate. Sepals imbricate. Petals none. Stamens few or many. Styles or stigmas 2 to 3 dilated. Fruita drupe. Trees or shrubs. Male flowers in axillary fascicles or solitary. Trees. Flowers, male with the stamens indefinite in a central column. Female flower with large flat lobed stigmas. Fruit Ee into 4 2- valved cocci ‘ a i, a Ss 19. PEeraLosTiems. Tree. Flowers dicecious axillary. Stamens indefinite. Stigma broadly reniform. Drupel-celled . . . . . . .. » 4 20, Hewecyeira. Trees. Flowers moncecious. Stamens 4, or more central free: Siyle linear, ‘undivided. Leaves opposite . .. . SR ‘ . . 21. Dissrprarra. *x*e* Trees, Leaves alternate, tri-foliolate, Sepals Saou Padi none, Fruita berry. Flowers paniculate. Sepals 5, imbricate. Stamens5 «2 ee ee eee ew ew ee 22, Brsecrror ta. 1394 CXVII. EKUPHORBIACEA. ***** Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Styles or stigmas usually very minute. Fruit various. Flowers in axillary spikes, racemes or panicles. + Male sepals imbricate. Fruit indehiscent or tardily dehiscent. Male flowers most minute in dense flowered catkin-like ie pies 2 to5. Ovary 2-celled. ~ Stigmas 2 to 5-tid . Be ae ig . - 23. Aporosa. Stamens 2 to 5. aay 1 or 2-celled. aes 1 or 2- sectent ‘Seeds com- pressed. a ee . . 24, ANTIDESMA. Trisz IV. Crotonez.—Perianth single, or of the male, or of both sexes, double. Stamens 1 to 2-seriate, outer series alternate with the sepals or central in the flower. Ovary 2 to 3-celled. Cells 1-ovulate, Inflorescence terminal or axillary. Susraize I. Satropheze.—Flowers in terminal 2-3-chotomous cymes ; cymes uniserual, or with the central flower female, petaliferous. Leaves digitately nerved or lobed. Stamens many. Fruitcapsular . . . 25. *JarropHa. Leaves digitately nerved, Stamens 8 to 20. Fruita drupe . . . . . . 26, ALEURITES. Sunrrine Il. Bucrotonez.—Flowers in terminal androgynous spikes or racemes, males petaliferous, females often apetalous, Filaments inflected in bud with the anthers reversed. Petals usually villous. Capsule of 3cocci . . . . . «ee ee 27. Croron. Susraize III]. Chrozophoreze.—Flowers in axillary (rarely terminal) spikes racemes or panicles. Males petaliferous, females often apetalous. Filaments straight in bud, or tips inflected and anthers erect. * Caly« imbricate, truncate lobed or toothed, or of free sepals. Petals free. Fruit capsular. } Sepals not enlarged or leafy in fruit. Stamens 15 to 30, free. Styles slender, entire . .. F 28. Cop1z0M. Stamens indefinite. cia 3, distinct or. shortly . ‘united at the base, 2-branched . . . . 29. Banocuta. Staments central 25 to 30. Style thick, undivided ; - an ihre we DES oe 30. FonTaInea. Suprniny IV. Adrianeze.—Racemes or spikes terminal. Flowers apetalous. Styles distinct or shortly connate at the base. : Anthers erect, the cells adnate and parallel. baa 2-fid, the inner surface fringed or with much raised papille . . . . . 81. Aprtana. Sunrnie V. Acalypheze.—l lowers in axillary rarely terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, apetalous. Calyx of male closed in bud, usually membranous, oblong, globose or ovoid, and splitting valvately into 3 to 5 concave sepals. Petals none. Styles usually long, entire, bifid, maultifid or papillosely fimbriate. Fruit capsular, very rarely drupaceous. * Filaments free; anthers erect, 2-celled, cells united by their base only. Styles undivided . BD GR SG aide ERS at at » . . 82, CLAoxyLon. Styles very long fimbriate or lacerate. Female flowers in large bracts . . 33. AcaLypHa. ** Tilaments free; anthers 2-celled or 4-celled ; cells oblong or globose, laterally attached by a narrow or broad connective. Stamens 4 or more, filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, cells oblong parallel . . i Be ete OE » os. es . 84, ALCHORNEA. Leaves opposite or ‘alternate. Stamens very numerous, central in the flower; anthers 2-celled, cells aie globose, adnate to the often broad connective . . . . 85. Marnorus. Anthers 4-lobed, opening in 4 valves or longitudinally in 2 valves. Styles undivided, fringed ornot . . . 36. Macaranaa. Stamens very numerous, filaments branched ; anther cells distinet, distant, sub-globose, divergent . . 2. 6 6 6 © se ee ew ee ee ee BF, *Rerornus. Sunraine VI. Plukenetiez.—Flowers in avillary spikes or racemes, apetalous. Male calyx valvate, Styles connate. Fruit capsular. Leaves alternate. + Twining shrubs. TVilaments straight in bud. Racemes androgynous. Male een 3 to 5 ee Stamens 1 to 3. Styles spreading above .. . eo de fa Sele we BB TPRAGTE: Scrrnine VII. Hippomaneze.—Perianth single. Calyx of male minute and open in bud or obsolete. Racemes terminal. Male calyx compressed, 2-partite. aie 6 to 50. Smalltrees. 2. 6 6 6 ees tote e . .« , 89. Homonantuus. CXVII. EUPHORBIACEA. 1895 Flowers cymulose nearly terminal. Stamens 2 or 3, filaments connate. Anthers 2-celled. Climbing shrubs. Leaves biglandular. Fruit large, 2, 3 or 4-celled ea Re bee a BS a ee we eres. a ot et 4Oe OUPHALES, Racemes terminal and axillary. Ovary 3-celled. Stamens 2 or 3. Capsule separating into 3 2-valved cocci one Sa ee Owe ee we ew or Sle SEBASTIANIA, Calyx minute. Stamens 3 or 2. Seeds without any carunculus . . . . 42. Excaicanta. 1. EUPHORBIA, Linn. (After Euphorbus; a physician to Juba, King of Mauritania.) (Anisophyllum, Haw.) Flower-heads resembling single flowers. Involucre small, cup-shaped, with 4 or 5 small teeth alternating with and often concealed by as many horizontal prominent glands, which are sometimes expanded into or bordered by petal- like appendages. Within are about 10 to 12 male flowers consisting each of a single stamen with an articulated filament, and usually intermixed with or surrounded by thin membranous bracts, and in the centre a single female flower consisting of a stipitate 8-celled ovary protruding from the involucre, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Style 3-cleft, the branches (or distinct styles) entire or 2-lobed. Capsule separating into 8 2-valved coccii—Herbs or shrubs abounding in milky juice often very acrid. Stem-leaves entire or denticulate, in the majority of non-Australian but in very few Australian species alternate without stipules, the flowering pranches umbellate, dichotomous with usually opposite leaves; the majority, however, of the Australian species belong to a section with herbaceous dichotomous stems with the leaves opposite from the base and small interpetiolar stipules, and some species not Australian are succulent leafless shrubs. A very large genus dispersed over nearly the whole world, Of the seventeen Australian species one is 4 common tropical weed, three are maritime plants extending more or less over the ccasts of the Indian Archipelago, southern Asia and the Pacific islands, the remainder appear to be endemic, although one or two may be nearly allied to E. Indian species. Sect. I. Anisophyllum.— Leaves all opposite with small interpetiolar stipules. Involu- eral glands usually bordered by « petal-like appendage (except E. atoto and E. pilulifera.) Seeds without any carunculus. * Flowers-heads in small distinct terminal cymes with the floral leaves or bracts as long as or longer than the involucres. Capsules and whole plunt glabrous. Seeds smooth. Appendages of the involucral glands scarcely conspicuous 1. I. atoto. Seeds rugose. Appendages conspicuously petal-like, entire. Lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate or linear. Cymes loose with filiform peduncles. Involucres} line long. . . : : pe ow 2. EE. Mitchelliana, (See also 11. H. Aacgillivrayi, with much larger involucral appendages). ** Flower-heads solitary or two together, terminal or in the upper axils. Stems hairy or pubescent. Stem and leaves pubescent or shortly hirsute. Involucres 1 line long, the glands with « broad palmately lobed appendage .. . ws 5 ae ie Oe CO ar Involucres not 4 line long, the glands with a very smiall usually lobed appendage ar ae ee ee uF oz : fincas LL, schizolepis. : : . 4, L. Sehultzii. *** Flower-heads solitary in the upper or in nearly all the axils or forks. Stem and leaves pubescent or hirsute. Iuvolucres about 4 line long, the gland-appendages usually lobed. Stems much branched, usually Gin. to lft. . a ge ee oe . 5, E. australis. Involucres about 1 line long, the gland-appendages entire. Dwart plant with rigid stems of 1 to 2in. : Ase Ceara Ema oe Whole plant quite glabrous. Involucres about 1 line long. Dwarf plant with rigid stems of 1 to 2in. 6. H. Muellert. Involucres 4—2 line long. Diffuse or prostrate branching stems forming at length a perennial rhizome. Gland-appendages usually entire. Styles notched only at the end . Styles slender bifid. . . . . 6. E. Muelleri. . Drunmondii. . alsine/flora. eit SEs) 1396 CXVII. EUPHORBIACES. [Euphorbia. Annual with erect and slender stems. Gland- een ae : OO 6 oe ew A ee BS a Se Ee Hw . 9. EB. Wheeleri. *#** Tlower-heads numerous, in dense or rather loose ee or cape cymes, the floral leaves, v.vcept sometimes the lowest pair, reduced to small bracts shorter than the involucres. Dwarf glabrous perennial. Leaves ovate or oblong. Gland es large and very white . . . . 10. £. micradenia. Pubescent perennial with exect or - ascending stems. “Leaves ovate or ves 2 oblong. Gland-appendages large and very white . ll. EL. Macgillivrayt. Glabrous erect or procumbent annual. Leaves linear. Gland-appendages rather large . : 12. ZL. serrulata. Pubescent perennial with erect or * ascending stems, the ultimate ‘pranches fili‘orm and cymes loose. Gland-appendages large and acl white. Seeds rugose. . . 13. LE. jilipes. Involucral gland line broad, white or ‘slightly coloured. Seeds pruinose, ’ quitesmooth . . . 14. E£. Coghlani. Hirsute annual. Leaves ovate or lanceolate. Flower- heads minute, very numerous in dense head-like ae oe Involucral glands without appendages . c 5 : Seer vo . 15. E. pilulifera. Secr. IT. Breiiophiia. Teds opposite or tie lower ones nll sometimes those of lateral branches alternate. Stipules very minute or none. Involucral glands without appendages. Seeds caranculate. Stems erect, dichotomous. Leaves linear. Flower-heads os in the axils . . , i ; s . . 16. EF. eremophila. Srcr. III. Piphay pina, sik: or trees, with ey terete ribbed angled or flattened stems and branches. Leaves none or alternate, or the upper opposite. Stipules none or glandular or of prickles, involucres axillary or terminal or in the forks, often sessile, rarely cymose, glands without « petaloid limb. A tall glabrous shrub, branches terete, thickening upwards; the com- pound cymes terminal, the ultimate a recurved. Capsule nearly globular, 4 lines diameter. . . : F . . 17. £. corynocladia. Secr. IV. Tithymalus.—Herbs rarely alba ie usually erect, branches terete, not fleshy. Leaves alternate, upper (rarely all) opposite, exstipulate. Involucre in terminal or axillary wibels radiating in threes ; glands without a petaloid limb. Annual, glabrous, umbels usually 3-rayed. Involucral ae crescent- shaped. Capsule smooth. Seedspitted . . . . i . . 2. . 18. E. *Peplus. Secr. V. Poinsettia.—THerbs, undershrubs or eure The lower or all leaves alternate. Involucral bracts often colored. A branching shrub of 2 or 3ft.; leaves variously shaped, often coloured 19. E. *heterophylla. 1. E. atoto (name in Sandwich Islands), Iorst. ; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 12; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 46. A glabrous diffuse or " procumbent perennial of 1 to 13ft., the primary stems thick and hard, the branches more slender and some- times dichotomous. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, broadly oblong or rarely narrow, obtuse or mucronulate, more or less cordate and ieges unequally so at the base, rather thick, 1 to 1din. long. Stipules usually fringed when old. Flower-heads in small dichotomous cymes in the upper axils, scarcely exceeding the leaves and forming a terminal leafy corymb. LDracts or floral leaves oblong, about as long as the involueres or rather longer. Involueres shortly pedicellate, nearly 1 line long, the glands transversely. oblong, with very narrow scarcely distinct borders. Capsules glabrous. Seeds smooth.—Baill. Adans. vi. 282; Ii. ovaria, ¥. y. M. in Herb. Kew. ; 2. levis, Poir.; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 13. Hab.: Sandy Cape, R. Brown; Port Curtis, BI Gillivray ; Isles off Cape Flattery and Moreton Island, FP. v. alueller; Sir C. Hardy’s Island, Henne ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. A se coast plant, found also on the coasts of Ki. India, the Archipelago, and the Pacific Islands 2. E. Mlitchelliana (after Sir T. Mitchell), Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 25 ; Benth. Il. Austr, vi. 47. A perfectly glabrous perennial, attaining 1 to 14ft., the rhizome at length woody, the stems erect or diffuse, slender, dichotomous, the ultimate branches filiform. Leaves opposite, sporty petiolate, the lower ones ovate and small, the upper oblong or linear, entire, $ to lin. long, oblique or Euphorbia.) CXVII. EUPHORBIACES. 1397 unequally cordate at the base. Flower-heads very small, not numerous, in loose terminal dichotomous cymes, the pedicels filiform, the floral leaves or bracts linear, mostly as long as or longer than the flower-heads. Involucre about 4 line long, the glands bordered by a petal-like obovate or orbicular appendage, varying from 4 to $ line in breadth. Capsule glabrous. Seeds transversely rugose. Hab.: Port Bowen, Keppel Bay, Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Sandy Beach, Lizard Island, d. Cunningham ; Port Curtis, J/'‘Gillivray ; Port Denison, Mitzalan; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Belyando River, Afitchell; Bowen River, Bowman; Sutton River, Vhozet; Rock- bampton, O’Shanesy ; N. Kennedy district, Daintree. Var. glauca. Leaves rather more coriaceous. Flower-heads very small, in irregular somewhat elongated leafy cymes. Gulf country, 3. E. schizolepis (scales split), I’. v. M.; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 20; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 47. An annual, but with hard, often woody-looking stems of about 1ft. high, dichotomously branched and more or less pubescent with crisped hairs. Leaves opposite, almost sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, oblique and unequally cordate at the base, 4 to lin. long, sprinkled on both sides with short hairs. Flower-heads shortly pedicellate in the upper axils, forming sometimes terminal leafy cymes. Involucre about 14 line long, the glands peltate with a broad spreading palmately-lobed or fringed appendage, not so white as in most species. Capsule and seeds not seen. Hab.: Gulf country. Var.? glabra; perfectly glabrous, with the gland-appendages much less lobed; perhaps a distinct species. Gulf country. 4. &. Schultzii (after —. Schultz), Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 47. A slender annual of 6in. to lft., apparently erect when young, but soon much- branched and diffuse, with pubescent or shortly hirsute stems and foliage. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate or oblong, serrate, very oblique or semi-cordate at the base, the lower ones 4 to 8 lines long, those of the lateral branches half that size. Flower-heads very small, solitary or 2 together, terminating short leafy branches in the upper axils. Involucre not 4 line long, hirsute, the glands small with a very narrow usually lobed petal-like margin sometimes scarcely con- spicuous. Capsule small, hirsute, with prominent angles. Seeds rugose. Hab.: Between Croydon and Blackbull, R. C. Burton. \ 5. E. australis (Australian), Boiss. Cent. Huph. 15 and in DC. Prod. xv. 11. 86; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 48. Apparently a perennial, forming at length a hard woody rhizome, the stem prostrate, much branched, often 1ft. long, more or less villous as well as the foliage. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-oblong or nearly orbicular, obtuse, mostly serrate, very oblique at the base, 8 or 4 lines Jong, those of the flowering branches much crowded. Flower-heads solitary in the upper axils, the short flowering branches usually crowded at the ends of the principal ones. Involucres and capsules small as in 7. Drwnmondti, but more or less hirsute and the petal-like appendages of the glands more or less lobed, vary- ing from white to red.—Baill. Adans. vi. 288; J°. vuccaria, Baill. le. 286; Ee. erythrantha, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 152. Hab.: Bowman; Gilbert River, I’. v. Mueller; Hetzers Plains, F. J. C. Wildash; and many other inland localities. 6. E. Muelleri (after Baron Mueller), Boiss. in DC. Prot. xv. ii. 27; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 48. A dwarf plant with a thick woody rhizome and procim- bent or ascending rather rigid stems of 1 to 2in., densely pubescent with short hairs or nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, rather crowded, ovate orbicular, or the upper ones oblong, rather thick, entire, 2 to 5 lines long, very oblique at the base, and the lower ones sometimes broader than long. Flower- heads larger than in 1’. australis and FE. Drwmmondii, solitary and pedicellate in 1398 CXVII. EUPHORBIACEA. [Muphorbia. the upper axils, forming almost a terminal leafy cyme. Involucre about 1 line- long, glabrous or pubescent. Capsule 14 line long, glabrous or shortly hairy. Styles short. Seeds irregularly rugose. Hab.: Georgina River. 7. B. Drummondii (after J. Drummond), Boiss. Cent. Muph. 14 and ir DC. Prod. xv. ii. 86; Benth. I'l. Austr. vi. 49. A prostrate or diffuse much-. branched plant, closely resembling the European [’. chamesyee, Linn, and when. flowering the first year easily confounded with it, but always quite glabrous. and forming at length a perennial thick or woody rhizome. Leaves opposite, orbicular ovate or oblong, obtuse or notched, entire or serrulate, very oblique at the base, 2 to 4 lines long, firmer tham in J’. chamesyee. Stipules entire fringed or lobed. Flower-heads very small, shortly pedicellate in the upper axils. Involucres about 4 line long, the glands with a narrow white border entire or nearly so. Capsule under 1 line long, glabrous. Styles notched only, varying from almost none to nearly as long asin ff. chamesgee. “Seeds ragose.— KE. chamesgee, 1). Ferdinandi, I}. Drummondii and I. Dallachyana; Baill. Adans. vi. 284, 285. Hab.: Broadsound and Thirsty Sound, R. Brown; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller; Rockhamp-. ton, Dallachy, and others; Curriwillinghie, Dalton. This weed is undoubtedly poisonous to sheep, except perhaps when dry, the most dan- gerous time for sheep to eat it is said to be In the early morning. Its effect on sheep- is stated to be: The head swells to an enormous extent, becoming so heavy that the animul cannot support it, and therefore drags it along the ground; the ears get much swollen and suppurate. The medical virtues ascribed to the plant ave: In the form of tea it is considered by bushmen useful in kidney complaint, and a medical inan in one of the southern colonies is said to have obtained an alkaloid from it which has proved a valuable local anasthetice in the cnre of sciatica, and in cases of sprains. Some bushmen consider an infus.on of the herb useful in cases of chronic dysentry and low fever. 8. E. alsineefiora (Alsine-leaved), Guill. Adans. vi. 288; Benth. Il. Austr. vi. 49. A glabrous and glaucous perennial, with a hard knotted base or rhizome, and much-branched ascending or decumbent stems, often under Gin. high. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong, entire or obscurely serrulate, oblique or semi-cordate at the base, mostly 4 to 6 lines long. Stipules fringed or divided. Flower-heads solitary in the upper axils, very shortly pedicellate, not forming distinct cymes. Involucre rather above $line long, tie petal-like appendages of the glands rather broad, entire crenate or sinuate. Styles rather slender and bifid. Fruit not seen. T.ib.: An inland species. 9. EB, Wheeleri (After —. Wheeler), Baill. dduns. vi. 286; Benth. I'l. Austr. vi. 49. A perfectly glabrous plant, apparently annual, branching from the base into erect or ascending slender stems of Gin. to 1ft. Leaves opposite, in rather distant pairs, oval-oblong, entire or slightly serrulate, very oblique at the base, rarely above tin. long. Stipules entire or lobed. Flower-heads solitary in the forks and upper axils, on very short pedicels. Involuere scarcely above 4 line long, the glands with a petal-like entire or slightly lobed appendage scarcely broader than the gland itself. Capsule above 1 line long, on a long’ stipes. Seeds deeply rugose.—I. diraricata, A. Cunn. Herb. Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek. This plant appears to be quite distinct from HZ. Drwnmondii in habit as well as in the capsule nearly twiceas large. It may, however, prove to be the first year’s state of I. alsine/flora— Benth. 10. E. micradenia (referring to small glands), Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 27; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 50. A dwarf perennial with a woody rhizome, closely allied to M. Macyillivrayi and EF. serrudata, differing from the former in its Euphorbia.] CXVII. EUPHORBIACE. 1399 perfectly glabrous stem and foliage, and from the latter in its perennial rhizome, shorter and broader leaves, and in the involucral glands very small within the petal-like appendages, which are about 1 line diameter. Stems rarely above Gin. long. Leaves mostly semicordate, ovate or the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, more or less serrulate, 4 to lin. long. Involucres inflorescence and fruit those of the more petaloid specimens, of 1’. Macyillivrayi, of which it may be a variety. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Mackay, H. L. Griffith; Albany island, I’. v. Mueller. 11. E. Macgillivrayi (after J. Macgillivray), Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 26; Benth. I'l. Austr. vi. 50. A perennial but often flowering the first year so as to appear annual, the rhizome at length hard and woody. Stems erect or ascending, from under Gin. to above lft. high, more or less pubescent as well as the foliage or at length nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the lower ones usually ovate-oblong and under din. long, the upper ones narrow-oblong often above lin., obtuse, serrulate, oblique at the base or semicordate. Stipules often lobed or fringed. Flower-heads small, crowded in rather dense shortly pedunculate axillary or terminal cymes, the floral leaves reduced to small bracts or the lower pair only developed and leafy. Involucre 4 to 2 line long, the bracts bordered by white petal-like entire appendages, varying from % to 1 line in diameter. Capsule glabrous, above 1 line long. Seeds rugose. Hab.: Thirsty Sound, R. Brown; Port Molle and Gould island, M‘Gillivray; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller; Port Denison, Iitzalan; Rockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet ; Walloon, Bowman ; Suttor River, Uhozet. 12. E. serrulata (serrulate), [eini. ; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii, 25; Benth. Fil. Austr, vi. 51. A glabrous annual, the stems often hard at the base, erect or procumbent, sometimes exceeding lft. Leaves opposite, very shortly petiolate, linear, obtuse, rather firm, more or less denticulate, oblique and sometimes slightly cordate at the base, 2 to 1din. long. Flower-heads in rather dense shortly pedunculate cymes in the upper axils, much like those of I’. Macyillivrayi, the bracts small, the petal-like appendages of the involucral glands usually smaller than in that species. Capsule 2 lines long, smooth. Seeds grey, slightly tuberculose. Hab.: Keppel Bay and Thirsty Sound, f. Brown; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy; Darr River, C.W. de Burgh Birch; Green Island, Trinity Bay, Bailey. This species extends over the sea-coasts of the Archipelago, from Timor to 8. China. 18. E. filipes (thread-like), Benti. Kl. Austr. vi. 51. A perennial allied to Ie, Mitchelliana and /. Macgillivrayt, with the habit and loose slender inflore- scence of the former and the pubescent stems and foliage of the latter. Stems slender, erect or ascending, Gin. to 1ft. hich, the ultimate branches filiform. Leaves opposite, oblong, the lower ones short and rather crowded, the upper ones narrow and distant. I lower-heads in rather loose irregular cymes, terminal or in the upper axils, the common peduncle as well as the petals filiform, the lower pair of floral leaves as long as the involucre, the upper ones reduced to small bracts. Involucres and capsules as small asin F’. Mivtchelliana, but the petal- like appendages to the glands broadly obovate or orbicular, the involucre some- times hairy, the capsule glabrous. Seeds rugose. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne; Cairns, Bailey. 14. EB. Coghlani (after J. Coghlan), Pail. Bot. Bull. xiii. A small virgate shrub of 1 to 2ft. with dichotomous branches, which are glaucous and more or less covered with short white hairs. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, 3 to 6 lines long, oblong to ovate, obtuse or apiculate, often bearing on the veins hairs similar to those on the branches, very unequal-sided at the base, margins nearly 1400 OXVII. EUPHORBIACER. [Huphorbia. entire or sharply-toothed, parallel veins 8 or 5 starting from near the base ; tex- ture somewhat coriaceous. Stipules rather long, tapering from the base, filiform- plumose, very deciduous. Flower-heads shortly pedicellate, in rather loose irregular cymes, terminal upon the upper branchlets. Involucres small as well as the bracts, the petal-like appendage of the involucral glands }-line broad, nearly orbicular, entire, white or slightly coloured. Capsule 8-lobed, about 14 line broad. Styles recurved, divided to about the middle. Seeds pruinose, quite smooth. . Hab.: Limestone Ridges of the Georgina River. 15. E. pilulifera (alluding to the globular inflorescence), Linn.; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 21; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 51. Asthma plant. A prostrate or ascending branched annual, attaining 1 to 2ft., the branches hirsute with spreading hairs and often rufescent. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 2 to 14in. long, rather obtuse, usually denticulate, very oblique and narrow or semi-cordate at the base. Stipules small, linear, inserted on a transverse raised line. Flower-heads minute and numerous, crowded in head-like cymes on short peduncles in one axil of each pair of leaves or terminating the branches. Involucre about 4 line long, the glands small and entire, without the petal-like appendages of the preceding species. Capsule 4 to 2 line diameter, more or less hairy. Seeds slizhtly rugose. Hab.: Common throughout the colony. A common tropical weed of cultivation both in the New and the Old World. ‘‘ Tea,’ made from the dried leaves gives great relief to persons suffering from asthma. 16. BE. eremophila (found in the desert), 4A. Cunn. in Mitch. Trop. Austr, 348; Benth. Il. Austr. vi. 52. An erect glabrous hard annual or perhaps perennial, usually dichotomous and from 6in. to 1ft. high, but in some situations taller and more slender. Lower leaves and sometimes a few on lateral branches alternate, all the others opposite, petiolate, linear or rarely linear-lanceolate or oblong, more or less remotely serrulate or sometimes quite entire, 4 to above lin. long, leaving when fallen off a gland-like scar and sometimes a second one immediately above, the stipules often scarcely perceptible or quite wanting. Flower-heads solitary in one axil only of the pair of leaves, on a short pedicel. Involucre scarcely 1 line long, the glands (5 or 4) broad, reniform, without appendages. Bracts within the involucre few and_ short. Capsule about 2 lines long, glabrous and smooth, the stipes rather long. Seeds granular-rugose, with a rather large variously shaped caruncle.—Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 70, and Huph. Ic. t. 48; EH. deserticola, F. v. M. in Linnea, xxv. 440. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Broadsound and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Three Isles, Barrier Reef Passage, and islands of Moreton Bay, I’ » Mueller; Rockingham and Edgecombe Bays, Dallachy; Rockhampton, Bowman and others; Warrego River, Mitchell. Often received from inland localities as a poison plant. 17. E. corynoclada (branchlets cup-shaped), I’. v. J/., Sou. Sci. Ree. ii. (new series), April, 1886. A glabrous shrub with an undivided stem, about 10ft. high; the ultimate branchlets terete, thickened gradually upwards, 8 to Qin. long, the summit about din. thick, marked by almost semi-circular scars, arranged somewhat spirally. Cymes terminal, compound, the ultimate portions recurved, the pedicels clasped by a very narrow membrane. Bracts opposite, reddish, deltoid-ovate, not distant from the flower; tube of the involucre nearly hemispherical, slightly angular. Lobes 5, ovate, obcuneate, membranous, fringed, shorter than the renate-orbicular entire glands; bracteoles within the involucre nearly as long as the stamens, somewhat fringed ; filaments very short ; anther-cells roundish and scmewhat compressed laterally; segments of the Cuphorbia.] CXVII. EUPHORBIACE As. 1401 female calyx 8, very short, oval or roundish; styles free, undivided. Capsule about 4 lines diameter, smooth, nearly globular; seeds globular, about 2 lines diameter ; testa brownish, smooth, no conspicuous arillus; embryo narrow. Cotyledons cordate-orbicular. Hab.: On rocks, Waiwier Island, about 10 miles west of Thursday Island.—J)". Bauerlen. This cactus-like Luphorbia might be systematically placed near Ll. aphylla. 18. E. “Peplus (old Greek name), Linn.; Boiss. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 141. A glabrous annual plant of 3 to 9in. in height. Leaves below the flowering branches alternate, membranous, roundish. tapering into the petiole, very blunt, entire, smooth. Inflorescence dichotomous, the primary branches forming an umbel of about 8 rays, the floral leaves opposite without stipules ; involucral glands crescent-shaped, without petal-like appendages. Capsule glabrous, smooth; seeds pitted. Hab.: This European weed is now common in many gardens. 19. E. “heterophylla (various leaved), Linn. A shrub of short duration, 2 to 8ft. high, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves variously lobed, the bract ones blotched with scarlet. Involucres pedicellate, with 5 incised lobes; glands cyathiform.—Poinsettia cyathophora, Boiss. Hab.: South America, This plant is straying from garden culture. 2. PORANTHERA, Rudge. (Anthers opening by pores.) Flowers monecious. Male flower: Calyx petal-like, deeply divided into 5 segments imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, small or occasionally deficient, with a small: gland at the base of each. Stamens 5, opposite the calyx-segments ; anther-cells completely divided, forming 4 distinct cells opening in terminal pores either quite distinct or at length confluent into 2. Rudimentary ovary of 3 small clavate or membranous bodies. Female flowers: Calyx and petals of the males. Stamens 0. Ovary broad, flat or concave at the top, 6-lobed, 8-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 3, divided to the base into 2 linear branches. Capsule depressed globular, opening in 3 loculicidal valves or separating into 8 2-valved cocci, the valves usually separating more readily than the cocci, the whole falling away leaving a persistent clavate axis. Seeds strongly reticulate. Embryo terete, curved, the cotyledons not broader than the radicle——Herbs either annual or after the first year becoming suffrutescent. Leaves alternate, membranous, entire, narrow or small. Stipules small, acuminate. Flowers small, white, in very short dense racemes almost contracted into heads, each one in the axil of a floral leaf or bract, the head-like racemes solitary or more frequently several in a terminal leafy corymb. The genus is limited to Australia. 1. PB. microphylla (leaves small), Bronyn. in Duperr. Voy. Coq. Bot. 218, t. 50 B.; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 56. A low diffuse glabrous slender annual, sometimes becoming hard at the base, the branches ascending to from 3 to Gin. Leaves from linear-spathulate to obovate, obtuse, tapering into a rather long petiole, flat or with the margins slightly recurved, { to din. long or sometimes longer when narrow or scarcely 2 lines long when obovate. Flower-heads in small very leafy corymbs, the outer floral leaves usually exceeding the flowers. Flowers minute, the petals very variable, sometimes fully half as long as the calyx, sometimes some or all much smaller or entirely deficient. After the flowers have fallen the rhachis is often much elongated.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 198; Klotzsch in Pl. Preiss. ii. 230; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 848; P. Drumiaondit, Klotzsch, l.c., 231. Hab.: Sandy Cape and Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Endeasour River, A. Cunningham; Brisbane River, Prentice. A yery common plant. 1402 CXVII. EUPHORBIACES. 3. MICRANTHEUM, Desf. (Flowers small.) Flowers usually monecious. Male flower: Perianth of 6 petal-like segments, the three inner ones often rather larger. No internal disk. Stamens either 3 opposite the outer perianth-segments, or 6 opposite all the segments, or 8 or 9 more irregularly inserted anthers with 2 parallel cells opening longitudinally. Rudimentary ovary small and lobed. Jfemale flower: Perianth of the males. Ovary 3-lobed and 3-celled, the lobes alternating with the inner perianth-seg- ments and terminating in simple styles. Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule 3- celled. Seeds 2 (or 1 by abortion) in each cell, oblong, smooth, carunculate. Embryo linear, straight, the cotyledons twice as large as and not much broader than ‘the radicle-—Much branched heath-like shrubs. Leaves on very short petioles, small, narrow, entire, coriaceous, in alternate threes on each side of the stem, supposed to be the 8 leaflets of a compound leaf, but, without any common petiole. lowers small, solitary or few together in the upper axils, the males on short pedicels, the females usually sessile. The genus is limited to Avstralia. 1. WE. ericoides (Heath-like), Desf. in Mem. Alus. Par. iv. 258, t. 14; Benth. il. Austr, vi. 57. A heath-like shrub of 1 to 2ft., the branches and some- times the foliage hirsute. Leaves or leaflets in threes, linear, flat or with slightly recurved margins, about 3 or rarely 4 lines long, glabrous and smooth or scabrous-pubescent. Flowers in the axils of floral leaves which are often solitary or only 2-together, the males on pedicels shorter than the leaves. Perianth- seginents oyate or oval-oblong, about 2 line long, the inner ones flat, the outer concave and smaller. Rudimentary ovary usually 3-lobed. Female flowers larger, the inner perianth-segments 2 lines long. Capsule smooth, about 8 lines long.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 195; AL. boroniacewm, F. v. M. Fragm. 1. 82. Hab.: Port Bowen, R. Brown; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller. 4. PSEUDANTHUS, Sieb. (False flowers; the petals wanting.) Flowers moneecious. Male flower: Perianth petal-like or rather rigid, of 6 segments nearly equal or one of the inner ones deficient or replaced by a long filament. Stamens 3, 6 or more (as many as 20), free or very shortly united at the base with the small rudimentary ovary. Anthers with 2 separate cells opening outwards in 2 valves. Female flower: Perianth as in the males. Ovary 2- or 8-lobed, with thick diverging stigmatic lobes, 2- or 8-celled when very young with 2 ovules in each cell, but the dissepiments very early obliterated and all the ovules but one abortive. Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 1-seeded, opening in 4 or 6 valves. Seed oblong, smooth, carunculate. Timbryo linear, the cotyledons longer but scarcely broader than the radicle-—Heath-like shrubs. Leaves ‘Opposite ov alternate, small, coriaceous, obtuse, with thick margins and the mid- rib prominent underneath. Stipules small, subulate or with a broad base. Flowers small, sessile or shortly pedicellate in the upper axils, the males often several together, the females more sessile, solitary and alone or with one or more males. The genus is endemic in Australia. From Micrantheum, Pseudanthus is readily distinguished by its solitary leaves, and by the capsule constantly 1-celled and 1-seeded by abortion. Stamens 6. Male perianth-segments linear, 5—-6 lines long . . . . LL. P. pimeleoides. Male perianth segments ovate or oblong- lanceolate, 1 line long ' or less. Leaves mostly ovate, 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth 1 line long, inner stamens nearly aslong. . . 2. P, ovalifolius. Leaves mostly oblong- linear, 2—4 lines long. ” Perianth Fi line on a pedicel longer than itself. Stamensshort. .....+ . . . . 3. P. orientalis. Pseudanthus.] CXVII. EUPHORBIACES. 1403 1. B. pimeleoides (Pimelea-like), Sich. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 25; Benth. Il. Austr. vi. 59. An erect much-branched glabrous shrub 1 to 2ft. high. Leaves alternate, scarcely petiolate, lanceolate or linear, acute, mostly 4 to 6 lines Jong, smooth. Male flowers clustered at the ends of the branches, shortly pedicellate and very conspicuous from their coloured yellowish linear perianth- segments 4 to 5 or even 6 lines long and exceeding the upper leaves. Stamens 6, closely clustered round a small central rudiment of the ovary, which is sometimes slightly raised and shortly adnate to one of the filaments, but the whole are ‘generally quite free as figured by Endlicher. Female flowers few and incon- ‘spicuous. Perianth-segments lanceolate, acute, jagged on the margin, rigid, about 14 line long, the ovate ones rather smaller. Ovary narrow, 8-lobed, the ‘dissepiments very imperfect at the time of flowering and only one ovule fertilised. ‘Capsule oblong, acute, 24 to 3 lines long, smooth, 1-seeded.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 196; Endl. Atakta, 11, t. 11, the analysis copied in Flora, 1832, i. t. 4; Baill. Etud. Euph. t. 25, f. 16. Hab.: Burdekin Expedition ; Whitsunday Island, C. Moore; Repulse Bay, A. Cunningham. 2. BP. ovalifolius (leaves oval), Fv. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 66 ; Benth. I'l. Austr. vi. 59. A densely branched rigid low spreading shrub, quite glabrous or with a slight scabrous pubescence on the angles of the branches and midrib of the leaves. Leaves scattered, occasionally opposite but mostly alter- nate, on exceedingly short petioles, mostly ovate but varying from orbicular and 1 line diameter to oblong and 2 lines long, very obtuse, rigid, concave or compli- cate and often recurved at the end. Male flowers very shortly pedicellate in the upper axils ; perianth white, the segments not very unequal, about 1 line long. Stamens 6 round a minute rudiment of the ovary, the three inner ones nearly as long as the perianth, the outer ones short and one sometimes very short. Ffemale flowers sessile, the perianth-segments about 4 line long, red with white margins. Ovary narrow. [Fruit not seen.—Caletia ovalifolia, Muell. Arg. in Linnew. xxxiv. 55, and in DC. Prod. ii. 194; Baill. Adans. vi. 327. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by J’. v. WM. 3. BP. orientalis (eastern), F. c. Af. Fragm. ii. 14; Benth. Fl. Austr. v. 60. A low densely branched glabrous shrub. Leaves scattered, mostly alternate, often crowded, oblong-linear or linear-spathulate, 2 to 4 lines long, obtuse, thick, concave but often recurved at the end. Flowers in the upper axils very much smaller than in /’. ovalifolia, the males on pedicels of nearly 1 line. Perianth yellow, scarcely 4 line long, the segments nearly equal. Stamens 6, the inner ones shorter than the perianth, the outer ones yery short. Female flowers sessile, sometimes in the same axil as the males, the perianth rather larger. Ovary still narrower than in P. ovalifolia. Capsule narrow-oblong, about 2 lines long, 1-seeded by abortion.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 197; Caletia vrientalis, Baill. Adans. vi. 826; C. linearts, Muell. Arg. in Linnea, xxxii. 79 and in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 194; Baill. Adans. vi. 827. Hab.: Logan River, Rev. B. Scortechini ; Fraser Island, Miss Lovell; Bustard Heads, J. Keys ; Moreton Island, J. Shirley. ; 5. BEYERIA, Mig. (After a Dutch botanist, Beyer.) (Calyptrostigma, Klotzsch ; Beyeriopsis, Muell. Arg.) Flowers monoecious or rarely dicecious. Male flower: Calyx of 5 rarely 4 broad segments, imbricate, concave and more or less petal-like. Petals as many, small or rarely exceeding the calyx, or fewer or more. Glands as many as petals and alternating with (or rarely opposite to) them. Stamens numerous, with very short filaments, crowded on a hemispherical receptacle, without any central 1404 CXVII. EUPHORBIACE. [Beyeria. rudimental ovary; anthers with 2 distinct parallel cells opening outwards longi- tudinally in 2 valves. Female flower: Calyx-segments thicker and narrower than in the males, often enlarging after flowering. Ovary 3-celled, entire, with 1 ovule in each cell; stigma sessile, broad,’ entire or 3-lobed, peltate and flat or more or less calyptriform and almost conical, more rarely deeply 3-lobed. Cap- sule 3-celled, 3-seeded, or rarely oblique and 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong, smooth, carunculate. Embryo narrow-linear, the cotylebons longer but scarcely broader than the radicle—Shrubs often more or less glutinous, with alternate leaves, usually narrow, with recurved or revolute margins, white underneath with a close stellate pubescence. Flowers small, axillary, the males solitary or in clusters of 2 or 8, rarely racemose, the females solitary. The genus is limited to Australia. Sgecr. 1.—Eubeyeria.— sources of Cape River, Bowman; Mount Wheeler, Sutkerland. 2. B. tristigma (stigma 3-lobed), PF. v. M. Fragm. vi. 181; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 68. A small viscid shrub, glabrous except the underside of the leaves. Leaves resembling those of the common Olive, oval-elliptical or oblong-lanceo- late, tapering into a short petiole, the margins recurved or revolute, 1 to 14in. long. Flowers moncecious, the males very small, few in a loose raceme of about lin. at the end of the branches, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long. Calyx-segments 5, not 4 line long. Petals 8 times as long, ovate, obtuse, fringed inside at the base with a tuft of hairs. Stamens very numerous on a hirsute convex or hemi- spherical receptacle; anther-cells short, quite distinct. Female flowers on a pedicel of 3in. or longer when in fruit, either solitary at the end of the branches or 1 or 2 at the base of the male raceme, smaller than the males at the time of flowering, but the calyx-segments enlarging under the fruit to nearly 1 line. Beyeria.] CXVII. EUPHORBIACEA. 1405 Ovary capsule and seed of the genus, but the stigma divided to the base or nearly so into 8 narrow flat recurved lobes. Hab.: Hinchinbrook Island, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. The racemose male flowers, the petals much longer than the calyx, and tbe divided stigma or style bring this species near to Rictnocarpus, but the stamens are entirely those of Beyeria, and the stigmatic lobes are closely recurved as in that genus, to which on the whole it appears to be the nearest related.—Benth. 6. RICINOCARPUS, Desf. (Fruit resembling that of Ricinus) (Reeperia, Spreng.) : Flowers monoecious. Male flower: Calyx deeply divided into 4 to 6 usually 5 lobes or segments. Petals as many as calyx-lobes and usually longer, rarely deficient. Glands as many as petals and alternating with them. Stamens numerous, united in a central column without any rudimentary ovary ; filaments shortly free, anthers reflexed, with 2 parallel cells opening outwards longitudin- ally in 2 valves. Female flower: Calyx and petals of the males, very deciduous or rarely persistent. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 8, shortly united at the base, deeply divided into 2 branches. Capsule separating into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds oblong, smooth, carunculate. Kmbryo (where known) linear, straight, the cotyledons longer but scarcely broader than the radicle.— Shrubs either glabrous or stellate-tomentose. Leaves alternate, entire, linear oblong or lanceolate, the margins recurved or revolute, usually pale white or tomentose underneath, without stipules. Flowers solitary or clustered, or the males rarely racemose, terminal or rarely apparently axillary from the reduction of the flowering branch, the females either alone or surrounded by or by the side of the male cluster or raceme. Pedicels usually subtended by small scaie-like bracts, and often bearing a pair of bracteoles. The genus is limited to Australia. Glabrous plant with linear leaves. Flowers clustered. ‘Bracteoles deciduous or none. Male calyx divided scarcely below the middle. Female calyx deciduous. Capsule: obtuse, as broad as long, densely muricate. Style-branches nearly terete, spreading or recurved VSR, Tab, deat deel ay vier Sep Monee ceo tey, Tae oe ee e VR. pinifolius. Branches and calyx tomentose. Flowers clustered. Leaves linear, the margins much revolute, under lin. long. Petals longer than the calyx. Ovary muricate. . . . . 8 , Leaves linear, the margins revolute, 1 to Qhin. long. Petals as long as the calyx. Ovary tomentose . . . . . 8 €R. ledifolius. Leaves narrow-oblong, 3 or more in. long, the margins somewhat revolute 4. R. speciosus. 2. R. Bowmanni, 1. R. pinifolius (leaves Pine-like), Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. iii. 459, t. 22 ; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 70. An erect handsome glabrous tree of 80ft., but often flowering as a shrub of 2 to 8ft. Leaves rather crowded, linear, mucronate or almost obtuse, with the margins revolute to the midrib, # to 1din. long, con- tracted into a short petiole. Flowers in a terminal cluster, usually 1 female with 3 to 6 males, but sometimes either the female or the males deficient, the pedicels to lin. long, bearing a pair of minute caducous bracteoles above the middle, each pedicel embraced at the base to the subtending bract. Male calyx 14 to 2 lines long, divided to the middle or rather lower into 4 to 6 lobes. Petals white, usually about din. long. Female calyx more deeply divided and falling away very early. Capsule nearly globular, very obtuse, densely muricate, about tin. long.— Muell. Arg..in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 205; Baill. Ktud. Huph. t. 12, f. 39 to 44, and Adans. vi. 294; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 888; Endl. Iconogr. t. 124; Reperia Part V. D 1406 CXVH. EUPHORBIACES. [Ricinocarpus. pinifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 147; Kehinosphera rosmarinoides, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; Ricinocarpus sideformis, F. v. M. in several Herb., quoted by Baill. Etud. Euph. 8idias LR. sidefolius. Hab.: Stradbroke and Moreton Islands, A. Cunningham; Logan River, B. Scortechint. Wood light-coloured, soft, close in the grain und easily worked.—Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 357. 2. R. Bowmanni (after E. Bowman), I. vr. MW. Fragm. i. 1815; Benth. FU. Austr. vi. 72. An erect bushy shrub, usually small, the branches and inflore- scence tomentose. Leaves almost sessile, linear, the margins usually recurved to the midrib, smooth or scabrous-tuberculate, from under din. to nearly lin. long. Male flowers pink, in terminal clusters of 8 to 6, the pedicels about as long as the leaves. Calyx densely tomentose, the segments obtuse, about 2 lines long. Petals not twice as long. Glands flat, mostly 2-lobed and hairy. Female flowers solitary, alone or in the male cluster. Capsule 4 to 5 lines long, hirsute with rather long bairs which at length wear off. Styles divided to the base.— Mnuell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 206; R. puberulus, Baill. Ktud. Euph. 844, name only, referred by Muell. Arg. without doubt to 2. Bownanni, but described by Baill. Adans. vi. 295, from a specimen with male flowers only, as doubtfully distinet. Hab.: Upper Maranoa River, Mitchell. 3. KR. ledifolius (Ledum-leaved), F. +. 1. Fragm. i. 76; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 72. A shrub attaining 8 to 10ft., the branches and inflorescence tomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong-linear or lanceolate, with recurved margins, white-tomentose underneath, 1 to Zin. long. Male flowers in terminal clusters of 8 to 5, the pedicels 3 to 5 lines long, occasionally bearing 2 flowers. Calyx tomentose, about 2 lines long, the segments very obtuse. Petals about as long as the calyx. Glands more or less united in a ecrenulate ring. Female flowers solitary, alone or with the males, on a rather longer and stouter pedicel, and rather larger. Capsules about 2 lines long, densely stellate-tomentose.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 206; Baill. Adans. vi. 294. Hab.: Burdekin River, I. v. Mueller; Darling Downs, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy Herbert’s Creek, Bowman, 4. R. speciosus (sightly); MWueli. Ary. in DC. Prod. xy. ii. 204; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 73. A tall, slender, erect shrub, 5 to 7ft. high. Branches clothed by a close, hoary, slightly rusty, stellate tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong-linear or lanceolate, the margins recurved, the upper surface bright green when old, but while young covered by stellate hairs, densely white-tomentose on the under surface, 3 or more inches long and over Jin. broad, on petioles of about 3 lines. Bracts linear, nearly as long as the pedicels. Flowers terminal, about 5 together, mostly male, the pedicels about 4-inch long, with a pair of minute bracteoles about the middle. © Calyx-lobes about 2 lines long, 1 line broad, rather obtise, larger under the fruit. Petals white, oblong, 5 lines long, 24 lines broad, and shortly clawed. Glands distinct, very broad and densely ciliate, with long white hairs. Capsule oblong, about gin. long, densely clothed by stellate hairs and bearing the prominently divided styles. Hab.: Belmont Scrub, near Brisbane. 7. BERTYA, Planch. (After Count Léonce de Lambertye.) Flowers moneecious. Male flowers: Perianth (calyx 9} deeply divided into 5 petal-like segments, without inner petals or glands. Stamens numerous, united in a central column without any rudimentary ovary; filaments shortly Bertya.] CXVIT. EUPHORBIACES, 1407 free, spreading or recurved ; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening longitudinally and outwards in 2 valves. Female flowers: Perianth of the males, but the segments usually smaller and narrower, and sometimes much enlarged round the fruit. Ovary 8-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, but usually only one of the three fertilized. Styles 8, free cr shortly united at the base, each one more or less «leeply divided into 2 to 4 (usually 3) branches. Capsule ovoid or oblong, obtuse, or acute, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded by abortion. Seed oblong, smooth, carunculate; embryo (where known) linear, straight, the cotyledons longer but scarcely broader than the radicle. Shrubs often glutinous, more or less stellate- tomentose, or glabrous. Leaves alternate or opposite without stipules, the margins recurved or revolute, rarely flat, glabrous above when full-grown, tomentose or white underneath. Flowers axillary, solitary or few together, pedicellate or almost sessile, with 3 to 8 small bracts on the pedicel, either persistent and imitating a calyx (but imbricate and not uni-seriate) or deciduous. The genus is limited to Australia. Leaves narrow, revolute to the midrib. Ovary glabrous, tapering to the top. Fruiling perianth much enlarged. Whole plant glabrous SOP NGALLY “808.2 tay Gar ogee ret ey Se ay ca ake ov ae nv ees oe Freaves narrow, revolute to the midrib. Ovary densely villous, tapering at the top. Fruiting perianth scarcely enlarged, or much shorter than the capsule. : Flowers pedicellate, the perianth-segments scarcely above 1 line. . .. 2. B. rosmarinifolia, Flowers solitary in both sexes and sessile. Leaves opposite . . .°. 3. B. uppositifolia. Leaves narrow, 1 to 2in. long, with the margins less revolute show- ing the underside. Ovary densely villous, obtuse. Fruiting perianth EUVTLCCVEE CVE: 5-11 ee ne a a ec a Leaves narrow, 1 to 2in. long, with recurved margins. Flowers pedicel- late. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines. Bracts usually few, very deciduous ornone. Ovary villous. 2. 2... 6 7 ee ee ee ee we BL BL pedivellaia. lL. B, pinisolia. 4. DB. olecfolia. 1. B. pinifolia (leaves Pine-like), Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. 4733 Benth. I'l. Austr. vi. 75, A tall shrub, glabrous or nearly so and apparently viscid. Leaves’ narrow-linear, sessile or nearly so, with the mareins much revolute, mostly 1 to 14in. long. Flowers almost sessile. Bracts thick, unequal, the outer ones linear, the inner ones mostly acuminate from a broad base. Male-perianth segments nearly 2 lines long. Ovary quite glabrous, tapering into a neck or united base of the styles of nearly 1 line, the styles divided to below the middle usually into 8 branches. Capsule enclosed in the enlarged perianth, oblong and obtuse.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 211. Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser; Stanthorpe. 2. B. rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved), Planch. in Hook, Lond. Journ. iv. 473; Benth. Il. Austr. vi. 76. A handsome bushy heath-like shrub, attaining 6 to 8ft., the young branches and foliage clothed with a shovi close stellate tomentum wearing off with age. Leaves sessile or nearly so, linear, with the margins much revolute, mostly about din and rarely nearly lin. long. Flowers small, mostly solitary, on a peduncle of } to nearly 1 line below the bracts, which are small thick nearly equal about 6 in number and assuming more the appearance of a calyx than in any other species. Perianth-segments rather above 1 line, the female not much enlarged after flowering. Ovary densely villous. Styles divided to the base into 2 or 3 branches. Capsule ovoid-oblong, ‘stellate-hirsute, 3 to 4 lines long and usually at least half as long again as the perianth-seements.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 210; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1. 889; Croton rosmarinifolium, A. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales, 855 ; Ricinocarpus tasmanicus, Sond. in Linnea, xxviii. 562; Bertya tasmanica, Muell. Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 68, and in DC. Prod. xv. ii, 211. Hab.: Towards the border of N.S.W. 1408 CXVII. ELUPHORBIACE. [Bertya. 8. B. oppositifolia (leaves opposite), F.v. M. and’ O’Shanesy, Wing's 8. Sci. lee. ii, 98; Fragm. xii. 9. A tall slender shrub. Leaves opposite, oval or oblong-elliptical, slightly recurved margins, shortly petiolate, somewhat thick, about 2in. long and lin. broad, velvety-tomentose on the underside, the upper side nearly or quite glabrous. Flowers of both sexes solitary, sessile. Perianth- seginents 4, oval, nearly glabrous, three times as long as the 4 opposite persis- tent ovate bracts. Staminal-column as long as the perianth. Anthers but little longer than broad. Styles 8 or oftener 4, dilated at the base, deeply cleft into 2 or 4 rather long stigmatic lobes. Ovary 4 or rarely 3-celled. Capsule 4 lines. long, ovate-globular, velvety-tomentose, 1 to 8 seeded. . Hab.: Expedition Range, A. Z'hozet and Kilner ; Nogoa River, P. O’Shanesy. Z .4. B. olezefolia (Olive-leaved), Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. 473; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 76. An erect shrub of 8 to 4ft., the branches densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves very shortly petiolate, linear or oblong-lanceolate, with recurved margins, coriaceous, 1 to 2in. long and sometimes above 2 lines broad, thinly scabrous, tomentose above, densely white-tomentose underneath. Flowers more or less diccious, solitary in the axils and almost sessile, with 5 to 8 unequal bracts, the inner ones nearly 2 lines long. Maile perianth with 5 oval- oblong lobes 24 to 8 lines long, contracted into a very short turbinate pedicel within the bracts. Female perianth-lobes narrower and more acute than the males. Ovary obtuse, densely hirsute. Styles free from the base and divided nearly to the base into 8 or 4 branches. Capsule enclosed in the enlarged perianth but not seen ripe.—Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xvii. ii. 209. Hab.: Mantuan Downs, Mitchell ; Copperfield, Grev. Smith (flowering specimen). 5. B. pedicellata (flowers stalked), I’. v. M. Fragm. iv. 148; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 77. An erect shrub, with the habit and foliage nearly of B. oleefolia, but the white tomentum very close and soon disappearing from the branches. Leaves linear or oblanceolate, with recurved margins, tapering into a short petiole, glabrous above, white-tomentose underneath, 14 to 2 or even 24in. long. Flowers solitary or 2 or 8 together on a short common peduncle, the lower bracts closely complicate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 8 to 4 lines long and very deciduous, smaller ones on the pedicels very deciduous or none. Perianths glabrous. Males only seen loose, with oblong petal-like segments 2 lines long, the staminal column and anthers entirely those of the genus. Female perianths. on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines, with 8 or 4 small linear very deciduous bracts, the segments linear, acuminate, nearly 14 line long. Styles free from the base, 2 or 3-branched. Ovary tomentose-villous. Capsule narrow-ovoid, rather acute, 3 to 4 lines long, the surrounding perianth not at all enlarged in some specimens, somewhat longer and broader than when in flower in others.—Baill. Adans. vi. 298. Hab.: Rockhampton, Thozet. 8. MONOTAXIS, Brongn. (A single arrangement.) Flowers monecious. Male flowers: Calyx of 4 or 5 imbricate spreading usually petal-like segments. Petals as many as calyx-segments and shorter or- longer. Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, the filaments distinct or very shortly united at the base, without any rudiment of the ovary ; anthers with: 2 distinct small almost globular cells, separated by a curved thick connective. Female flowers: Calyx and petals of the males. Ovary 8-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 3, each one deeply divided into 2 fringed branches. Capsule- globular or tridymous, without appendages, separating into 8 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovate or oblong, smooth, carunculate. Embryo linear, straight or slightly: Monotavis.] CXVII. EUPHORBIACEZ. 1409 curved, the cotyledons much longer but scarcely broader than the radicle.— Herbs or undershrubs, usually small and glabrous. Leaves alternate, entire flat or with recurved margins. Stipules very small. Flowers smal}, in dense head- like cymes, sessile or shortly pedunculate in the forks or at the ends of the branches between the last leaves, the flowers more or less pedicellate within the cymes, the males usually numerous, the females single in the centre or few. Bracts usually several, small and scale-like, subtending the pedicels or the outer ones empty. A genus of about eight species endemic in Australia. 1. ME. macrophylla (leaves long), Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 79.—An erect glabrous slightly branched annual of about 1ft. Leaves opposite or alternate, on rather long petioles, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, thin and flat, 1 to 2in. long. Flower-heads (or dense cymes) shortly pedunculate above the last leaves, containing several female flowers intermixed with or surrounded by numerous males. Male calyx of 4 very slightly imbricate petal-like see- meuts of about 3 line. Petals minute. Stamens 7 or 8. Ovary of the females only seen in very young bud, the styles then short and involute, and of the capsules the specimens examined only showed the persistent axis, about 1 line long, from which the cocci had fallen away. Hab.: Summit of Mount Danger near Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham; Bundaberg, Jas. Keys {may belong to this species but specimens imperfect). 9. AMPEREA, A. Juss. (After M. Ampére) Flowers monoecious or dicecious. Male flower: Perianth campanulate, some- what petal-like, 3- to 5-lobed, without inner petals. Stamens twice as many as perianth-lobes or fewer, the filaments free or shortly united at the base, without any rudimentary ovary and sometimes surrounded by as many small glands as perianth-lobes; anthers 2-celled or 1 or more of the outer ones one-celled, the cells distinct, globular or ovoid, parallel, opening longitudinally in 2 valves, the connective usually tipped with a small gland. Female flower: Perianth more ‘deeply divided than the males into 5 rarely 4 rather rigid lobes, persistent but Scarcely enlarged under the fruit. Ovary 3-celled, with one ovule in each cell. Styles 3, more or less deeply divided into 2 branches. Capsule ovoid, crowned by a ring of 6 erect tooth-like appendages, each on the back of one of the valves, separating into 8 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovoid-oblong, smooth, carunculate. Embryo, where known, linear, slightly curved, the cotyledons longer but scarcely broader than the radicle-—Perennials or undershrubs with a hard often woody base or rhizome, the stems erect or procumbent, usually rigid, sometimes almost or quite leafless. Leaves when present alternate, linear, either entire with closely revolute margins, or flat and then sometimes toothed. Stipules small brown and scarious. Flowers very small in small axillary closely sessile tufts, surrounded by scarious bracts, the males usually numerous, the females few or Selitary, all on very short pedicels or almost sessile. Capsule small. The genus is endemic in Australia, and the species, so far as at present known, all Western except 1. spurtiotdes. 1. A. spartioides (Spartium-like), Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Coq. 226, t. 49 A; Benth, I'l. Austr. vi. 84. Stems, from a hard woody base or rhizome, erect, . 1 to 2!t. high, rigid, flat or 3-angled, often above 1 line or even 2 lines broad, usually leafless at the time of flowering. Leaves few only on the young stems or in the lower portion, cuneate-oblong, often toothed, contracted into a short petiole; 4 or sometimes lin. long, the floral ones when present few and very much smaller, linear and entire. Stipules small, deeply fringed or lobed. 1410 CXVIT. EUPHORBIACEAE. [Amperea. Flowers nearly sessile in clusters at the nodes, the males often numerous, the females solitary, either alone or surrounded by a few males. Bracts small, broad, mostly fringed. Male perianth nearly 1 line long, broadly campanulate, divided to the middle into 4 rarely 5 lobes. Stamens 8 rarely 10, all with 2- celled anthers. Female perianth more deeply 5-lobed. Ovary crowned by 6 acute dorsal teeth or appendages. Styles rather short, more or less bifid.— Muell. Are. in D.C. Prod. xv. ii. 214; A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 53, t- 20; A. cunei- formis, F. vy. M. Herb. and in Baill. Etud. Euph. 455; Leptumertu .riphoclada, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post 109. Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, Kev. B. Scortechini. 10. BRIDELIA, Willd. (After Prof. Bridel, the muscologist.) Flowers moncecious, in axillary clusters or solitary. Male flowers: Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments, valvate in the bud, spreading when in flower. Petals 5, scale-like, stipitate or spathulate, the small lamina usually broad and dentate. Disk broad, with a free entire or slightly lobed margin. Stamens 5, inserted on a central column arising from the disk, the filaments spreading horizontally under an abortive or lobed style which terminates the column without any ovary. Anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Female flowers: Calyx of the males or with longer narrow segments. Disk the same but with the addition of an inner erect margin or cup closely surrounding the ovary. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely and exceptionally 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles distinct or connate at the base, more or less 2-lobed or nearly entire. Fruit a small berry or drupe, with a succulent indehiscenté epicarp, the endocarp rather hard or crustaceous, separating into two indehiscent cocci or pyrenes. Seeds usually solitary in each pyrene, with a longitudinal furrow on the inner face; albumen copious; embryo nearly straight, with broad flat. cotyledons and a short narrow radicle.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, with fine parallel diverging primary veins and transverse veinlets prominent on both sides. Stipules small. Flowers small, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, and surrounded by small scale-like bracts, the males and females in the same or separate clusters. Berries or drupes small, ved or black. The genus extends over the warmer regions of Asian and Africa. Of the three Queensland species, one is also Asiatic, the two others are endemic. Whole plant glabrous. Tlowers few together. Male calyx-segments 1 line long. Staminal column not half so long as the filaments. Styles very short. 1. B. evaltata. Young shoots and underside of the leaves tomentose-pubescent. Flowers in dense clusters. Female calyx about 2 line long . 2... . . 2. Bi tomentosa. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together. Female calyx at least 1 line long . . 3. DB. fuginea. 1. B. exaltata (tall), Fv. OL. Prag. iii. 82; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 119%. A tree of 60 to 7Oft. perfectly glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate- lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, with much more numerous primary veins than in B, tomentosa, 2 to Gin. long, somewhat glaucous underneath. Flowers few together and almost sessile, the floral leaves often deciduous or abortive. Male. calyx-segments above 1 line long, thin and spreading. Disk large. Staminal column very short, the filaments at least twice as long. Berries glossy brown, oval, about 84 lines, globular. Styles exceedingly short.— 2B. ovata var. evaltata,. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 495; Amanoa orata, Baill. Adans. vi. 336. Hab.: Brisbane River and other southern localities. Wood of a dark-drab color, hard and close in the grain, somewhat resembles walnut audi suitable for cabinet work,—-Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 358. ‘ Bridelia.] OXVI. EUPHORBIACE. 1411 2. B. tomentosa (tomentose), Blume: Muell. Ary. in TC. Prod. xv. i. 501; Benth. Irl. Austr. vi. 120. A tree with rather slender branches, minutely tomentose-pubescent when young as well as the underside of the leaves, but often becoming soon glabrous. Leaves from elliptical-oblonge to ovate-elliptical, membranous, with 7 to 15 primary divergent veins on cach side of the midrib, and the transverse veinlets also conspicuous, 14 to 8in. long. Male flowers densely clustered, sessile or nearly so. Calyx-seements lanceolate, acute, horizontally spreading, rather above 4 line long. Petals about half as long, stipitate or spathulate, broad and lobed. Disk broad, with a rather thick flat free and entire margin. Staminal column slender, the free part of the filaments about as long, radiating from the top of the column round the central abortive 83 to 5-lobed pistil. Female flowers on very short thick pedicels. Calyx rather larger than in the males and petals more entire. Disk with a double margin, the outer one flat and entire or nearly so, the inner one forming a short cup immediately round the ovary and usually 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled. Styles shortly and thickly 2-lobed, connivent or spreading. Fruit nearly globular, ripening usually only 1 seed in each cell, and the cocci or rather pyrenes scarcely separating. —Amanoa tomentosa, Baill. Adans. vi. 836, ; Hab.: Rockhampton, (’Shanesy ; Somerset and Thursday Island. Var. ovoidea. Fruits ovoid. Wood Island, Gulliver, The species is also in East India and the Archipelago, extending northward to South China. 8. B. faginea (Beech-like), hv. Ml. Herb.; Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 120. A tall shrub or small tree, the slender branches and underside of the leaves tomentose-pubescent or at length glabrous. Leaves ovate or elliptical, very obtuse or almost acute, 1 to 2in. long, firmer than in B. tomentosa, and on some branches under lin. long and obovate or almost orbicvlar. Stipules lanceolate. Bracts small. Flowers closely sessile, solitary or 2 together, mostly female in specimens examined, but the males appear to be also solitary. Male calyx-segments rather broad, obtuse, scarcely above 4 line long. Petals entire or nearly so. Stamens of B. tomentosa. Female calyx-segments narrow and at least 1 line long, the inner disk large. IT ruit red, globular, fully 2 lines diameter, hard but not thick, separating into 2 cocci or pyrenes, and ripening only one seed in each. —Amanoa fayinea, Baill. Adans. vi. 386. Hab.: Rockhampton, Dalluchy, Lowman; Keppel Bay, Dallachy; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Gowrie Mountain, Darling Downs (fruiting specimens). Wood greyish-brown, mottled and becoming darker towards the centre, an easily worked wood.—Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 358. 11. CLEISTANTHUS, Ilook. f. (Flowers shut or closed.) Flowers moneecious, in sessile clusters, axillary or in leafless spikes. Male flower: Calyx deeply divided into 5 lobes or segments, valvate in the bud, spread- ing when in flower. Petals 5, stipitate or spathulate, with a small lamina usually broad and dentate. Disk broad with an entire or slightly lobed free margin. Stamens 5, inserted on a central column arising from the disk, the filaments diverging or spreading horizontally under an abortive lobed style terminating the column without any ovary; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally in 2 valves. Female flower: Calyx less deeply divided than in the males, the base forming a cup under the ovary. Disk adnate with an entire sometimes scarcely porminent free margin, and within it an erect cup or margin close under the ovary. Ovary 8-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 3, distinct, bifid. Capsule globular or depressed, 8-furrowed, separating into 8 2-valved deciduous cocci, leaving, besides the central axis, a broad persis- tent base. Seeds with a rather scanty albumen; cotyledons broad, rather thin, 1412 CXVII. EUPHORBIACEA. [Cletstanthus. often more or less folded.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire, the primary veins not so prominent as in Briedelia, arcuate and anastomosing far within the margin, the veinlets reticulate, not transverse. The genus extends, like Briedelia, over the warmer regions of Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific islands, but the Australian species appear to be all endemic. The abortion of the floral leaves in many species gives them a peculiar inflorescence, different from that of any other Australian Phyllanthee. Flower-clusters all axillary, small. Leaves mostly under 2in. Stamens very shortly united. Capsule stipitate. Leavesobtuse . . . . 2. 2 2» «© + e ws « AL. OC. Cunninghamii. Capsule sessile. Leaves mostly acuminate . . . .... . . . 2 GC. apodus. Flower-clusters mostly in leafless interrupted ferruginous spikes. Leaves above 2in. long. Staminal column as long as the filaments. Calyx-segments 1} line long. Leaves green on both side. Capsule PN MOTOUS). ae Neh AE Gee ae ae, GS Ma, Yee yet cabs ate he Liew tae lien MEY SS Calyx-segments scarcely 1 line long. Leaves pale or glaucous under- neath. Young capsule villous. . 2. 2. 6 2 6 ew ee ew we 4 CL semiopucus. \ 1. C. Cunninghamii (after A. Cunningham), F. vr. M. Arg. in DC. Prod. xv. ii. 503; Benth. Wl, Austr. vi. 122. A tall shrab, quite glabrous or the young shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or elliptical, rather thinly coriaceous, obtuse or rarely obtusely and obscurely acuminate, mostly 14 to 2in. long, often glaucous underneath. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, sessile or nearly so. Male calyx glabrous. Petals small, obovate-cuneate. Stamens very shortly united at the base. Female calyx with a broadly turbinate base, the lobes spreading, under 1 line long. Disk lining the turbinate base and produced into a short cup round the ovary. Ovary very villous, the tapering base half included in the base of the calyx. Styles rather long. Fruit depressed globular, tridymous, at first very villous, but becoming nearly glabrous when ripe, borne on a stipes usually exceeding the calyx but variable in length.— Lebedicra Cunninghamii, Muell. Arg. in Linhwa xxxii. 80; Amanoa Cunning- hamii, Baill. Adans. vi. 835. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller ; Burnett River, Lov. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Dallachy. Wood hard, close-grained and light-colored.—Bailey’s Cat. Wl. Woods, No. 359. 3. C. Dallachyanus. 2. C,. apodus (stalkless), Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 122. ‘ Gillowari,” Barron River, J), Cowley. A straggling shrub or small bushy tree, usually quite glabrous, nearly resembling C. Cunninghamii, but the leaves more ovate, and usually acute or acuminate, the male flowers rather smaller, the calyx-segments scarcely above 1 line long, the female calyx-lobes broader, 1 line long. Ovary hirsute with a few long hairs. Styles united at the base in a short column, the bifid branches spreading. Capsule closely sessile within the persistent calyx, quite glabrous, 8 to 4 lines diameter. Hab.: Cape York, M‘Gillivray, Daemel; Rockhampton Bay, Dallachy. 3. ©. Dallachyanus (after J. Dallachy), Baill. in Herb. F. v. M.3 Benth. Fi, Austr. vi. 122. A handsome: tree, the inflorescence and sometimes the young shoots ferruginous pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves ovate- obtuse or more frequently obtusely acuminate, rounded at the base, rather thickly coriaceous, shining above, scarcely glaucous underneath, mostly 2 to 4in. long. Flowers sessile in sessile clusters, which are sometimes distant in the axils of floral leaves of 4 to lin., more frequently nearer together and from the abor- tion of the floral leaves, forming more or less interrupted spikes of 1 to. 8in, Bracts small but very broad, obtuse and concave, enveloping the buds, ferrugi- nous-villous as well as the rhachis. Male calyx glabrous, the segments rather thin, 1} line long. Petals not half so long, very broad and more or less Cleistanthus. | CXVIL. HUPHORBIACEA. 1413 stipitate. Filaments united in a column to more than half their length. Female flowers on distinct branches of the same tree (Li. Brown). Ovary glabrous (Baillon), Capsule closely sessile.—Amanoa Dallachyana, Baill. Adans. vi. 835. Hab.: Herbert River, H. G. Eaton; Northumberland and Cumberland islands, R. Brown ; Rockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet. 4. ©. semiopacus (scarcely shining), F. x. A. Herd.; Benth. Il, Austr. vi. 123. Gel Br As BS Ee 1. A. grandifolia, Pedicels 1 to 3 lines long : 2. A. Mooreana. No petals. Stamens 5. Leaves obovate 6 or broadly elliptical . 3. A. latifolia. No petals. Stamens 3. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, on rather long petioles wee ew ww we 4 AL petiolaris. Leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong, cordate at the base . 5. A. sessilifolia. 1. A. grandifolia (leaves large), Baill. Adans. vi. 380, 860, t. 10; Benth. Il. Austr. vi. 89. A glabrous tree or shrub of various heights, Teac petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, shortly and obtusely acuminate, tapering towards ‘the base, coriaceous, smooth, 5 to 8in. long, on a petiole varying from under }in. to Sin. Flowers of both sexes in the same cluster usually rather more females than males, on pedicels of 2 to lin. Male perianth spreading to a diameter of 3 lines, the inner segments larger than the outer. Petals ? 5, 1414 CXVII. EUPHORBIACE A. [Actephila. very small, obovate, inserted under the raised margin of the broad disk. Stamens 4 or 5, rather shorter than the perianth. Female perianth rather larger than the male. Styles 8, free and shortly united at the base, more or less bifid. Fruit fully tin. diameter, epicarp splitting at the sutures before the endocarp separates as in Dissiliaria. Cotyledons described by Baillon as large and very much contorted. Lithovylon yrandifolium, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 65 and in DC. Prod. xy. li. 282. Hab.: Scrubs in southern localities. 2. A. Mooreana (after C. Moore), Gaill. Adans. vi. 880, 866; Benth. FT. Austr, vi. 89. A tree or shrub closely resembling A. yrandifolia. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, rather obtuse, entire or irregularly sinuate, tapering at the base into a petiole of about 5 lines, finely veined, about 24in. long.* Pedicels of the male flowers not above 1 line long, of the females about 3 lines, the structure of the flowers otherwise as in 4. grandifolia (Baillon). Hab.: Mount Lindsay, C. Moore; Logan River, Rev. LB. Scortechini. 3. A. latifolia (leaves broad), Benth. Ml. ‘Austr. vi. 89. A glabrous shrub. or tree. Leaves obovate or broadly elliptical, sometimes nearly orbicular, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or tapering at the base, firmly coriaceous, penniveined as in Ad. grandifolia, but the reticulate veinlets obscure, 3 to Gin. long, on a petiole varying from under Hin. to near lin. long. Pedicels slender, } to lin. long. Perianth-segments 5 or 6, petal-like with glandular ends, about 2 lines long in the males, rather longer in the females. No petals. Stamens 5. Styles 3, united at the bage, rather short, spreading, slightly dilated and notched at the end but not branched. Fruit not seen. Hab: Cape York, Daemel ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. 4. A. petiolaris (referring to long petiole), Benth. Fi. Austr. vi. 89. A glabrous shrub or tree. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, rounded at. the base, thinner than in 4. yrandi/olia, 3 to din. long, on a petiole of lin. or more. Male perianth-segmentgs 1 line long, petal-like with dark streaks. Petals. none. Disk, stamens and rudimentary ovary of 4. grandifolia, except that there ave only 8 stamens. Female flowers of that species but rather smaller and no petals. Disk and ovary the same. Styles rathec more united at the base. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. 5. A. sessilifolia (leaves sessile), Benth. Fl. Austr. vi. 90. A glabrous shrub of 4 to 6ft. Leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, slightly cordate at the base and sessile or nearly so, thinly coriaceous, 2 to 8in. long. Male flowers not seen. Temale pedicels slender, about lin. long. Perianth deeply 6-lobed, about. 2 lines diameter, with very small petals (or petal-like lobes of the disk ?). Styles 8, united at the base, rather short, spreading, undivided. Capsule globular, coriaceous, about jin. diameter, slightly scabrous-punctate. Hab.: Cave mountains, five miles west of Morinish, Lhozet, There seems to be but little doubt that this isan