PEMD Bh Beet Me ee em PAW iN eerie aio eg ES WEY nel yok: by aa Bae LE Bt ead eA ty ie to ae hie, ne yelyis Pg nes ieee fh Tene ihe oy earl aN ia ana ee Saat} AAG we sore vaca OS Girt anys elo a Snaefutncanctbs ebeun ey SANG a ; arias etc y ie aD bi Ginna ce when 4 Git, eke ie Ran beta hy ha Pathe eres in uh ey Rat i ReAALS Aaa eeu reels it ath STOR eat st _ ae Lae sae [coo itech 74 wie ee erly a Rye See ae ehatonaets aa a seed race ie re cereals ae ee a see eee Ee rte as Betts nee RARER ICH rea ee £ fate ee i aa igneans bas be Date ~ Pim, ate ae v4 eerste ame ey fi srre eer eee “Ac hie ac et eae vara) nen ae fit eee ee is isp septa etait are Got paper sat ee eee cn sede Dyed iy recre8 bpeahe es Hit dat te Oe ea aie Leese el i et @ pas oe a as ie pon pe ee Se eee oA sn pera “ay pe. ease tee Pea re. ee ae eee eapienee pie oan a rags 2 ef Rotana te Bee eet “4 if ae ae ee pa mee pecetitat af ete ee ree ys on a reir agri a shes mt it mi < ee = i, tie ve pe Meee Cas ecee a er eae tess pia a RATE of epee ean hd pani ear: Cit . hie cdi Sel Merete Pathe tens ry Eta Noe ae fe MORE Dim. te oreernt ner CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINE ARTS LIBRARY Cornell University Libra ry SB 453.N47G2 1920 Gardens for small ¢ GATLORD GARDENS ror SMALL COUNTRY HOUSES HUDSON & KEARNS, LIMITED, PRINTERS, LONDON, S.E. 1. TAD WOOD. MUNSTE AY = ae < AND IRIS IN THE BORDERS OF LUPIN INE Il FOR S] MLA — BY GERTRUDE JEKYLL & LAWRENCE WEAVER FOURTH EDITION. LONDON: PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICES OF COUNTRY LIFE 20, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, AND BY GEORGE NEWNES, LTD., 8-11, SOUTHAMPTON STREET STRAND, W.C. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS MCM XxX. COUNTRY First Edition, October, 1912. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged, January, 1913. Third Edition, Revised, May, 1914. Fourth Edition, May, 1920. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. AFTER the publication of the first and second editions of this book kindly readers indicated many points on which they thought our advice to the makers of gardens could usefully be expanded, and we gladly met their wishes. Perhaps we may, without offence, be pleased that during the currency of the third edition few such suggestions came to us. So it happens that this fourth edition is little different from the third; but since the latter appeared the times have changed greatly. Without seeking to fill the role of the gloomy prophet, we cannot escape the belief that the changes in social life and habit, which are the mark of our economic troubles, are striking at the maintenance of great gardens, as of great houses, in this pleasant land. But if those who have built up, kept, and loved so well their spacious gardens must needs be content with smaller houses, and if, as seems likely, the wider distribution of wealth will lead to-morrow to the creation of many more small country houses, the art of making gardens for such houses will increase in importance. If this prove true, we hope our work will still achieve some measure of usefulness, and help us, in Dr. Johnson’s phrase, “to keep our friendship in repair’”’ with many unknown and too appreciative readers. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. Relation of garden to house. Importance of preserving or creating character. Hillside Gardens. Owlpen Manor and Markyate Cell. Misuse of conifers. Beauty of native evergreens. Various sites. Yew and other hedges. Topiary work in small gardens. Walls. Treillage. Quiet entrances. Planting at house-foot AXTTI Cuaprer I.—Mrimeap, BraMLey, SURREY. Site of ancient builaings. Shapeless ground. Terraced in successive levels. Steps and dry- walling. Summer-houses . 3 I Cuapter I].—Two Garpens IN Forest CLEARINGS. Woodgate, Four Oaks. Virgin woodland. Emerson and Reginald Blompeld on design. High Coxlease, Lyndhurst. Rock and water ine) Cuaprer II].—A Garpen In BERKSHIRE. Roses grown as “Fountains.” Brick dry- walling. Stone-edged water garden. Refined detail and ornaments . ? : 17 Cuaprer IV.—WestTprook, GoDALMING. Situation. Special compartments. Careful planting scheme. Winter garden. Covered seats. Flower border facing north, 27 Cuaprer V.—A Garpen In West Surrey. Poor soil. No definite plan. ‘Paved court with tank and steps. Colour in flower borders. Woodland paths. Thunder- house. : : ; : 36 Cuaprer VI.—HicumounT, GUILDFORD. Site and views. Excavation of chalk. Rose garden. Planted Walls, Garden-houses. Colour schemes. Framing the views 46 Cuaprer VI].—Tue TREATMENT OF SMALL SITES. Some gardens by Mr. Inigo Triggs. The value of historical examples. Paved parterres. The use of treillage. A town garden by SirE. Lutyens. A seaside garden by Mr. Mallows. Planting scheme by Mr. H. dAvray Tipping. Various typical examples : . F es hs Cuapter VII].—Own Hivesipe Garvens. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu on terraces. Stairways. Terraced gardens. Inexpensive materials. Various examples : 74. Cuapter 1X.—Sreps anpD Stairways. Approach steps from road, Stairways in children’s dramas. Stepped treatment fot gentle slopes. Straight and curved stairs. Terrace steps. Unformal stairs. 85 CuHaprerR X.—BaLusTRADES AND \VALLS. The design of balusters. The imitation of Aistorical examples. Walls and parapets of open brickwork. Walls surmounted by beams. A coronal garden. Serpentine walls, Building in concrete + too com Wow ow bo iS © iss) Ww ° Go OG) OD WW Oo Qo NOH ana SO ON ¢ Be BWW WD WF OD OD s H WWW WWW WWW & WwW ILLUSTRATIONS —continued. XV. Garden-house of Two Storeys. 351. An Isolated Seat. iB at Little Ridge. | 352. Seats and Table in Appropriate Setting. in Corner of Walled Garden. | 353. Garden Seat Designed by Sir E. Lutyens. ; at St. Clere. | 354: by J. P. White. at Wittersham House. | 355. iL ss at Staplefield Grange. | 356. Table and Chairs Designed by Maurice A Trellis Garden Shelter. Webb. Thatched Garden Shelter. 357. Garden Seat. and 3164. Two Typical Scottish Garden | 358. y Pavilions. | 358A. Small Stone Seat at Markvate Cell with Lead A Seemly Toolhouse. Figures at Ends. Statue on Gate-pier. | 359. Outcrop of Stratified Rock at Corners. Boy Figure in Niche at End of Grass | 360. Rocks Properly Stratified and Skilfully Laid. Walk. 361. Bold Stratified Rockwork and Mass-pianting. and 321. Statues on Gate-piers at Papillon | 362. Rocks Ill-placed Without Uniformity or Hall. Enough Space for Plants. 363. Treatment of an Odd Corner with Rockwork. 364. Alpine Primulas Growing in Vertical Boy and Dolphin in Pool. A Piping Boy. Boys Modelled by Jan Van Nost. Fissure. Quarrelling Cupids at Melbourne, Derby- 365. . in Horizontal shire. Fissure. fe 3 7 366. A Rough Retaining Wall. A Terminal Pan 367. Rock Formations. Cupid and Swan Rising from Pool. 368. Simplicity: The Keynote of Success in Fountain Figure by Puech at Wych Cross Planting. Place. 369. Planting in Bold Masses. Flower-pot on Millstone and Statue of 370. Large Clumps of Plants Giving an Appear- Mercury in Background. ance of Solidity. Statues Guarding Stairway. 371. Bold Treatment of Rock and Plants. Vase at Hampton Court. 372. A Judicious Use of Compact Shrubs. » With Tinned Omament by George 373. Retaining or Boundary Wall of Rough, Bankart. Unhewn Blocks. ; 374. Boundary Wall with Its Top Planted with i oi Shrubs. Simple Sundial on Adequate Base. 375. Boundary Walls. A Good Sundial Badly Placed. 370. Bog and Water Garden. Sundial at Ditton Place, Balcombe. 377. A Good Rock Pooi. The ‘“‘ Blackamoor’”’ Sundial. 378. Stepping Stones. Modern Sundial at Marsh Court. 379. Bold Stratified Rockwork and = Small An Eighteenth Century Sundial. Cascade. Sundial of Two Rough- dressed Stones. 380. Pond for Small Garden. A Lead Sundial. 381. A Rocky Path. An Old Garden Roller in a New Employ- 382. A Rough Paved Path. ment. 383. Cypripediums Thoroughly at Home on the A Sundial: The Game of “ Clocks.” Upper Margin of a Rock Garden. Statue Holding Dial in Rose Garden. 384. Rock Steps Leading from Terrace Through Sundial Placed at Intersecting Paths. Rock Wall to Rock Garden. bs at Sedgwick Hall, Horsham. 385. Constructions of Small Moraine. vi at Danby Hall, Yorkshire. 386. Construction of Moraine on Slope, Stone Seat Designed by H. Peto. 387. 5 7 Level Ground. ‘ADVITIAUL LO NHAHNOS GHAVNNOTOO AUNV TOOd ATIT—'!I ‘Olt Gardens for Small Country Houses. XVI. INTRODUCTION. T is upon the right relation of the garden to the house that its value and the | enjoyment that is to be derived from it will largely depend. The connection must be intimate, and the access not only convenient but inviting. The house, in the greater number of cases, will stand upon a slight platform, not only because it is better that it should be raised above the ground-level, but also because the making FIG. II.—-CLOSE CONNECTION OF HOUSE AND GARDEN. XVI11. Gardens for Small Country Houses. of such a platform is an obvious and convenient way of disposing of the earth or sand excavated for foundations and cellars. It is also desirable to have one wide, easy terrace on the sunny side. The planand sketch (Figs. ii. and iii.) show a clever treatment by Mr. C. E. Mallows of a rectangular space of about an acre. The house is near the middle—an advantage on a small plot; it is well bounded laterally by a pergola, IZ Sweetin 7 i, fo Bafa —__> © Calo a6 pi en ee SE ops te: 89 e CEMallows, FPRIBL, of Fatt 3 Be £ f £ ——— | s FIG. III.—PLAN OF A GARDEN BY MR. C. E. MALLOWS. walled on its outer side to the east, and by an evergreen hedge, thick and high, to the west. A small loggia is notched into the house itself—we are in the house and yet in the garden—-a step down leads to a comfortable space of terrace; four more steps go directly into the garden. There is a fairly large lawn, a winding walk through a home spinney, and the rest is kitchen garden. Introduction. TK In the arrangement of any site the natural conditions of the place should first be studied. If they are emphatic, or in any way distinct. they should be carefully maintained and fostered. It is grievous to see, in a place that has some well-defined natural character, that character destroyed or stultified, for it is just that quality that is the most precious. Many a hillside site has been vulgarised by a conven- tionally commonplace treatment, when it presented infinite possibilities to both the formal and natural schools of design. Among the notable examples of little hillside gardens treated in formal fashion, none is more delightful than that of Owlpen Manor, Gloucestershire. Its plan and sections appear in Figs. v. and vi. A bird’s-eye view (Fig. viii.) has been prepared to supplement the photographs, which in the nature of things cannot give a fair idea of the wealth of incident crowded into an area of little more than half an acre. Fig. vii. shows indeed with what modesty the house nestles against the hillside and seeks to hide itself amidst regiments of yews. Great skill has been shown in their planting, for they emphasise the drops between the succeeding levels of the terrace, even though they partly veil them. The great square yew parlour is an unusual feature, the outcome of very many years of growth and of patient tending. = f mT "Tl Ht | Hl | Fl FIG. IV.—HILLSIDE GARDEN AT OWLPEN MANOR: VIEW FROM SOUTH-WEST FROM POINT C (SEE PLAN FIG. V.) the garden is on the south there is a wall, which forms an embankme near Dunstable. Gardens for Small Country Houses. Its green walls vary in thickness from six to ten feet and are no less than twenty-five feet in height. The garden slopes downwards from north-east to south- west and faces the road on the south and east boundaries. It steps upwards from the road in five terraces, and the whole rise is about twenty-five feet. The front of the house is on the second terrace and the back on the third. The main entrance to co tte