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7

BULLETIN

OF THE

OF

NATURAL HISTORY,

VOLUME II.

ARTICLE TI.—Parasiric Foner or Inttwors. Parr I.
‘By T. J. Burr. ™

1885

J. W. FRANKS & SONS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS
PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

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Parasitic Funar or [LLINOIs.

PART L—UREDINESA.

By T. J. Burrity, Pu. D.

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.

1885.
J, W. FRANKS & SONS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS,
PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

Artiore IIT.— Parasitic Fungi of Illinvis. Part. By T. J.
BURRILL, Professor of Botany, Illinois Industrial University.

INTRODUCTION

Most of the plants herein described were collected in Tlli-
nois during 1881 and 1882, by Mr. A. B. Seymour, who was
employed for the purpose by the Illinois State Laboratory of
Natural History. The entire collection consists of three thou-°
sand seven hundred and eighty-four nunibers, many of which
are of course duplicates, or are different stages of the same
species, leaving, however, a very large number of distinct spe-
cific forms—much larger than is usually supposed to exist in
our flora.

The determinations have been made at the IJllinois Indus-
trial University by myself, efficiently aided by Mr. Seymour.
For this work, besides the facilities offered by the library and
herbarium of the University, the State Laboratory of Natural
History furnished many books and specimens. Among the lat-
ter are the following sets of exsiccata: DeThtimen’s Mycotheca
Universalis, Ellis’ North American Fungi, Ravenel’s Fungi
Caroliniani and Fungi Americani.

The entire work has been stimulated and aided in every
possible way by Professor S. A. Forbes, as director of the State
Laboratory, and as an earnest and efficient worker in our rich
fields of scientific and practical biology. Acknowledgements
are also gratefully made for assistance in various ways, espe-
cially in the determination of specimens submitted to their in-
spection, to Prof. W. G. Farlow, and the State Botanist of New
York, Chas. H. Peck; to F. 8. Earle, J.C. Arthur, and C. A.
Hart, for the contribution of specimens found by them in Mli-
nois, and to Professor Wm. Trelease, J. B. Ellis, and others for
several favors.

142 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

It needs no argument to show the practical value of the
studies undertaken upon these minute — probably degraded —
members of the vegetable world, for they subsist on living
plants of the higher orders, upon which our domestic animals
and ourselves depend for the means and materials of physical
existence. It-is not, indeed, usually known or suspected what
proportion of our crops and useful vegetation is destroyed by
the microscopic growths which live as parasites or saprophytes
upon them; but when we come to understand that in very
great measure the things called “ blights,” ‘‘ mildews,” * rusts,”
‘“‘smuts,” “rots,” “ferments,” etc., are really due to the despoli-
ations of these same microscopic but multitudinous forms of
fungi, some appreciation can be gained by anyone, even with a
moment’s thought, of the immense aggregate loss that occurs.
Perhaps, in one sense, it is well that cultivators do not fully
realize the number and variety of parasitic growths which
await the development of their valuable plants, and which are
liable so badly to injure the latter, and so seriously to affect the
receipts for the expended labor. Surely in many cases there
would be sufficient ground for discouragement and hesitation
to venture in opposition to such an array of dangerous enemies,
against whose insiduous and covert attacks fighting seems futile.

But knowledge of the existence of such things cannot
make that existence more hazardous, nor the results more dis-
tressing; while here, as in the other battles of life, to be fore-
warned is to be forearmed. Knowledge is power, and as much
so in this case as in any other; if the latter is still wanting, it
is only because the former has not been attained. Is it attain-
able? There are difficulties in the way. The objects are very
minute; we cannot see them by the unaided eye as individuals,
we cannot thus watch their modes of dissemination, germina-
tion, growth and development, we only see them, if at all, in
the mass, and know of their presence by their results. They
have singular, and to the students of other forms of life, unfa-
miliar physiological powers and properties; they assume pecu-
liar disguises, and pass through unlooked-for stages of develop-
ment, of which the connecting links are hard to make out;
they lie dormant now, and again become wondrously quickened
and enormously multiplied under circumstances not readily

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 143

traced. But little by little qualified observers have acquainted
themselves with their existence as true species, veritable and
distinct plants, and little by little have learned something of
the mysteries of their life histories. Sometimes the advance in
knowledge is gained by casual and lucky observations; but
mostly by painstaking, systematic research, aided by all the
appliances of the equipped laboratory and the fruitful skill of
trained powers of manipulation and acute perception. A step
gained is not only so much secured, but renders more possible
other or further advance. The more becomes known, the easier
progress is made, since that already acquired points the way
towards new achievements. The beginning has been made,
though this can scarcely be said to have been true until within
very recent times. The men are now living and working who
have made known nearly all the ascertained facts of physio-
logical processes and results in these parasitic fungi. The
germination of fungous spores.was not observed until within
the present century.

During the last part of the first half of this century
learned discussions arose upon the specific distinction between
the parasite and the host, and esteemed botanists held the
view, that what was taken for the former was but a diseased
condition of the latter —the rust of wheat, for example, was

‘only the degraded cell-tissues of the wheat itself. Such
difference of opinion, however, no longer exists among those
who have possession of the information now acquired. The
tissues of higher plants do not change by any processes of deg-
radation or transformation into the things called fungi, neither
do the latter originate in any other manner than as descend-
ants of preéxisting parent forms through as rigid specific lines
as can be traced among any animals or plants. It is known,
too, that however much the fungus is found within the tissues
of the host plant, 1t began its growth outside of the latter, and
gained introduction only by forcible entrance. Spores are
never taken up by absorption and carried by the aqueous cur-
rents from part to part of the plant. The fungus passes
through the tissues very much as roots pass through soil, some-
times apparently without in any degree successful opposition,

144 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

sometimes nearly or quite baffled in the struggle bythe me-
chanical and physiological resistances of the host plant.

I repeat, we now know that the numerous “rusts,”
““smuts,” etc., found on the various kinds of vegetation, are
themselves true plants, and that as such they are limited in
their development like other organic species by certain condi-
tions and surroundings. Some of these limitations are well
known, others are yet to be ascertained. At present there is,
except in a few cases, not enough of trustworthy information
to enable us to suggest practical remedies or means of effectu-
ally destroying the injurious fungi which so reduce the pro-
ducts of our fields, fruit plantations, and gardens; which so
disfigure our ornamental trees and defoliate our forests. But
the difficulty exists not so much in the unconquerable nature
of the enemies, as in the want of fuller attainable knowledge
concerning them and their ways. There is reason to predict
that the time will come when the mastery of man will prevail
in this as in so many triumphs of the past by the application
of power made available through persevering research and edu-
cated perception.

In some cases, however, we now know practical methods of
exterminating the parasites, and in other cases of preventing
their ravages by various processes of cultivation, selection or ap-
plication. Usually these methods are quite beyond haphazard
discovery, and often very remote from previous conception.
For example: the leaves of apple trees are sometimes destroyed
by a parasitic fungus which shows itself in prominent, scurfy
bunches occuring here and there on the under side of the af-
fected leaves, while upon the upper surface of the same spots
the thickened area has a yellow or sometimes a crimson color.
The leaf is distorted in shape, shows very evident signs of in-
jury, and finally becomes ragged and withered. When a large
number of the leaves of a tree are thus diseased the latter per-
ceptibly suffers, and though seldom killed outright, after an
unequal struggle for some years is rendered entirely worthless,
and may as well be removed by the axe in the hands of the dis-
appointed proprietor. Now the injury arises from a parasitic
fungus described below (Gymnosporium macropus), which, in
an alternation of development, takes a very different form on

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 145

the common red cedar, constituting the so-called ‘cedar balls,”
of orange color, especially noticeable after a rain in the month
of May. The relation of these two forms of the fungus was
not suspected until carefully established by Oersted, a botanist
giving special attention to such matters, and well qualified for
such observations and experiments. The fact having been as-
certained, a thoroughly practical remedy consists in clearing
away the worthless red cedars, or, in case of a few of these
trees, which for any reason are wished to be saved, picking off
and burning the “cedar balls.” In this case the spores pro-
duced on the apple leaves cannot germinate and grow on the
apple, but must reach, by wind currents or otherwise, the cedar
leaves, where alone one essential stage of development takes
place. From the cedar the spores must again be carried to the
apple tree, or allied host, thus alternating back and forth as a
necessary requirement of continued existence.

This is by no means a solitary example of known alterna-
tions which render possible the agency of man in preventing
plant diseases caused by these pernicious parasites; but to gain
the fullest possible mastery we still need much investigation
and experiment by those most competent to conduct them. It
has long been known that the rust of wheat (Puccinia grami-
nis) has an alternate form on the barberry bush, but since the
rust occurs in vast regions of our country where no barberry
exists, we know that this plant is not positively essential to the
continuous development of the rust. It now seems probable
that the barberry stage is a reality, and perhaps in some way
beneficial to the Puccinia (rust), but not essential. It still re-
mains, however, to be ascertained whether or not there is some
other common plant usually found in or near the wheat fields,
which takes the place of the barberry, and thus permits the
continued growth of the rust.

What might be the practical value of investigation in this
direction? There are annually produced in Ilinois about 50,-
000,000 bushels of wheat. The destruction of one-hundredth
part of the crop by this fungus probably falls, as an estimate,
far within the actual limits of loss as an annual average. This
represents 500,000 bushels, which, at seventy-five cents per
bushel, is $875,000. If it could be demonstrated that the eradi-

146 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

cation of some worthless or otherwise noxious weed would at
the same time dispose of the rust fungus, what a step of pro-
gress would be made! It cannot be said, from what we now
know, that this is probable, but it certainly is possible, and not
this only. In such cases no estimates can be ventured as to the
value, measured in dollars and cents, of the smallest contribu-
tion to positive knowledge. Years of patient and able research
may pass without reward, or. a day’s labor may beneficially
affect the world. The field is very large and the soil very rich;
but the cultivators have little more than begun their labors,
and those competent for the task are still few. No great pecu-
niary inducements urge them forward. There are no patents
to be had on discoveries they may make. The products of their
labors, however rich, are not to be appropriated by themselves,
but the gathered harvests must equally be divided among all
men. Science may be enthusiastically pursued for its own
sake, and mankind owe much to labors thus pursued; but it
is certainly proper that the State should provide the means of
equipment and livelihood for those able and willing to devote
their energies to such investigations and experiments.

Illinois is one of the few States of the Union which have
provided by legislative action for an officer whose duty it is to
investigate and report upon insect depredations, and is alone in
the establishment of a,well equipped and well appointed labor-
atory of natural history, while the maintenance of the State
University, with its departments of science and practical art,
shows the high official appreciation of studies and investiga-
tions of this kind, and the intelligent views of those shaping
and directing the affairs of the State pertaining to our natural
resources and the value of natural science. The beginning
thus made gives much hope for the future. It isnot hazardous
to predict increased interest as the work goes on, not only on
the part of those conducting the investigations, but among the
peuple at large, many of whom care little or nothing for the
methods and processes by which results are reached, but quickly
appreciate the practical value of the results themselves when
wrought out.

Nothing has so far been done by the United States’ autho-
rities for the study of the diseases of plants, though recently

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 147

much attention has been given to contagious diseases of ani-
mals. The importance of scientific investigations in this latter
direction cannot be overestimated, yet it would not be difficult
to show that every argument in: support of these is applicable
also to encouragement upon the study of the diseases of plants.
In fact, it has now come to be generally admitted that these
very maladies of animals are directly due to various species of
the same classes of low vegetable organisms which afflict, as
parasites, the valuable plants and crops. In some instances the
very same species of fungi prey upon plants or plant-products
and living animals. The common moulds are fungous growths,
and mouldy grains and other articles of vegetable foods are
commonly believed to be injurious to man and animals. Some
contagious diseases of man have been proved to be due to or-
ganisms normally living on vegetable substances, and there is
much reason to suppose that all the pathogenic bacteria, and
their allies, are or were primarily simply decomposing agents of
dead substances. Certainly the nature of the contagious dis-
eases of animals cannot be fully known without the closest
investigations of the life of the disease organisms outside of the
animal body. The studies of fermentations and putrefactions
have already lead to most important results in pathology, and
it is confidently believed that there is much more to be gained
in the same way for the advancement of knowledge in regard
to disease and injury, not of animals only, but of plants as
well; while a proper study of the diseases of plants must help
to a better understanding of the serious maladies of man and
the domestic animals.

The nomenclature adopted in this paper has been the re-
sult of considerable inquiry and an earnest endeavor to con-
form to the latest opinions of the best authorities, as well as to
most nearly fulfill the requisites of this branch of science.
Unfortunately, in numerous cases there are many synonyms,
and as names were given to species before any natural classifi-
cation could possibly be made, and as the life history was in the
earlier times usually unknown, different writers assigned the
- same species to widely different positions in their systems of
arrangement. The descriptions by the older authors are mostly
meager, and entirely devoid of accurate microscopic character-

148 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

istics on which so much reliance is now placed, so that in the
absence of type specimens it is difficult or impossible to ascer-
tain to what species their names should be applied. Besides
this, what we now know to be different forms of “fruit” of
the same species, were formerly regarded as wholly distinct
plants belonging to widely separated genera; as each of these
forms received a name it now becomes necessary to choose one
from two, three, or even more, to designate the species and re-
duce the others to synonyms. In the case of the Uredinez there
are in numerous species four spore-forms, now known as “ te-
leutospores,” “uredospores,” ‘* ecidiospores,”’ and “‘ spermatia,”
from which one must be selected as the mature or final ‘‘ fruit,”
and its name taken for the species as a whole. But as no pro-
cess of fertilization has been discovered for any of these spore
productions, there is adifference of opinion among investigators
as to which ought to be considered this mature or final form.
Sachs, whose judgment must be highly respected, adopts the
ecidium stage as that most probably the result of some kind of
fertilization, while others, equally competent, believe the teleu-
tospores—as the name indicates—are the final and, if any,
the fertilized bodies. Sachs, therefore, inclines to call the com-
mon rust of wheat Avcidium graminis, instead of Puccinia
graminis, the name used by all authorities up to this time.
Winter, in his recent revision of Rabenhorst’s Pilze (Fungi),
attempts to apply rigorously the law of priority of names to
whatever form of the species the first name was given, and
most naturalists making a specialty of any other department of
nature would doubtless commend his endeavor. But there are
very serious difficulties in the way. While we may accept as
proved that certain Micidia are genetic forms of known Puc-
ciniz, in the great number of cases such relation is simply sup-
posed to exist. Shall we revise our nomenclature on the basis
of a supposition? In the writings of early mycologists the
descriptive characteristics following a name are often equally
applicable to several: species as we now know them. In the
absence of herbarium types, shall we guess at the plant held in
hand when the description was drawn up? Not unfrequently
the oldest name is given to what was deemed a variety, and
later another name by another or the same author is adopted

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 149

for the same plant asa species. Shall we now write the earliest

varietal name as specific, and quote the first botanist as author-
ity? The question is not whether the second writer should
have adopted the first name; it is now a question of choice be-
tween two names already in literature.

The authority after a binomial appellation is clearly that of
the one who associates the generic and specific parts of the
name, and applies it, thus constituted, to the designated plant.
For phenogams there seems to be little need of preserving
with the name any further item of bibliography. The change
of genera is not so frequent as to cause serious confusion, and
the descriptions are ordinarily full and unmistakable. Mycol-
ogists, however, find it important to quote the name of the
original authority for the specific name, agreeing in this with
the custom among zodlogical writers, especially with those who
devote themselves to the lower and less known orders of ani-
mals. A very considerable number of the names of fungi
must thus be accompanied with two authorities, that for the
original specific name occurring first in parenthesis, and that
for the binomial whole afterward. It is true this decidedly in-
creases the difficulty of writing and of memorizing, but the
benefits more than counterbalance the drawbacks. Certainly
it will not answer to quote alone that which, as above, is put
in parenthesis, even though by the use of the parenthesis
change of genus is indicated. The parenthetical reference is
dropped by students of phenogams, and we should, as mycolo-
gists, prefer this to the practice of-some botanists and z0dlo-
gists of omitting the authority for the entire name as it exists.

Without further discussion of this often discussed topic,
the following may be stated as the basis of nomenclature in
this paper.

(1). The use of the oldest specific name known to have
been used for the species as such. Varietal names by the older
authors, not subsequently adopted by those raising the varie-
ties to species, have not been herein perpetuated except in pe-
culiar cases. When the vague descriptions of the early writers
give no reasonable certainty of the intended application, prior-
ity is not strained to retain the names.

150 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

(2). Inthe Uredinee the names of the teleutospore and
uredospore stages are alone considered in the question of prior-
ity. Aicidial names are not recognized, mainly from the un-
certainty that exists as to the genetic connection of the forms,
as well as from the obscurity of descriptions, and the inferior
value of herbarium specimens as types.

(8). The name of the author responsible for the specific
appellation has been appended, being inclosed in parenthesis in
case the generic association has been changed; and the name
of the author of the binomial combination, whether the parts
were adopted from others or not, finally follows. In quite a
number of cases this author is not known to us, owing to the
too prevalent habit of omitting the citation.

The descriptions of species are taken from nature, and as
far as possible from typical or average specimens. The mea-
surements given are intended to include the variations which
commonly occur in such specimens; but the extreme limits of
exceptionally large or small spores are not indicated. In most
cases the measurements were made of spores immersed in a so-
Iution of potash, so as to obtain the size of the mature but
undried specimens. For the study of the surface markings, ex-
aminations were made when necessary of spores either dry or
wetted with pure water, whichever method was found from
experience to produce best the particular effects required. The
color given is as closely as possible that of nature rather than
an interpretation of the appearance of a few spores in the field
of the microscope. It need scarcely be said that the tint is
much lighter in the latter case. , The best objectives of different
makers were used, and for the closer studies a magnifying
power of about five hundred diameters was employed.

It has been deemed worth the while to quote the descrip-
tion given by another author; usually, when accessible, the
original description of the species in each case. The quoted
descriptions are printed in different type, and are followed by a
reference, with name, date, and page, of the work from which
the extracts are made.

Notes are appended when required; these follow the col-
lector’s numbers and designations of localities, and are intended
to record any special facts about, or information upon, the

Parasitic Fungi of [llinois. 151

species. It has not been considered wise to try to give a full
list of synonyms, yet such references are made in the notes as
are needed to justify any departure from common usage in the
selection of names. In a few instances changes have been
made with much regret, since the current names are well es-
tablished; but in these cases the law of priority clearly demands
the substitutions made. For instance, the rust on the leaves
of the common sunflower, and other allied plants, has long
been known as Puccinia helianthi, Schweinitz. Probably no
species of Puccinia is more commonly found or better recog-
nized in the herbaria of our country, and nearly or quite uni-
formly under the name quoted. But Schweinitz published this
name in 1822 (Syn. Fungi Carol. p. 73), seven years after De
Candolle had published the description of a species of Puccinia
under the name of P. tanaceti (Flore France. II. p. 222). Now
it is found that no specific difference can be maintained between
these, and therefore the latter name must be adopted for the
collections made in America as well as for those of Europe.

T. J. BURRILL.

Intinois InpustriaL UNIVERSITY,
December 29, 1884,

12

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG

UREDINESA, Dz Bary.

Parasitic plants of minute size, growing in the tissues of
living phenogams, or, in a few cases, of living vascular cryp-
togams; mycelium articulated, variously branched, penetrating
or growing between the cells of the host; spores usually pro-
duced by constriction, singly or in chains, from the ends of
fertile hyphe (mycelium branches), formed beneath, rarely
within the cells of, the epidermis, which is ultimately ruptured;
spore or fruit forms of different kinds, viz: ecidium and spermo-
gonium, uredo and teleutoforms.

The Uredines are parasites, and affect a very large number
of the species of the higher plants, being found most often up-
on the leaves, but also in some instances upon the stems and
parts of the flower or fruit. The roots alone are free from
their intrusion, and these probably because protected by the
soil. ;

The most remarkable thing concerning the Uredinee is
their peculiar alternations of fruit forms— dimorphism,”
* polymorphism,” or ‘ pleomorphism.” The teleutospores, the
last in the series, and usually the only ones surviving over win-
ter, upon germination emit a slender tube called the promyce-
lium. This is never very long or complex in structure, but
may be with or without septa, simple or branched. It produces
at once, on minute stalks (sterigmata), one to several thin-
walled, more or less globular bodies, rich in protoplasm, and
known as sporidia. These in turn soon germinate by sending
out a little tube, which, upon the proper host, penetrates the
tissues and forms the mycelium or vegetative structure of the
parasitic plant. Then follow in order, as products of the my-
celium, the fruit forms known as spermogonium, ecidium, uredo,
and teleutospore. The two first are usually produced simul-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 158

taneously, or nearly so, on the infected area of the host, but
most often on the opposite sides, if of a leaf. In some cases
the other fruit forms subsequently develop in the order named.
upon the same mycelium, but in others only on a new mycelium
produced from the germination of the ecidium spores, and
either on the same or different hosts, according to the habit of
the species. These alternations may be best understood by
consulting what is said under the genus Puccinia.

But this full series of forms is not found in all the spe-
cies. Indeed, there are comparatively few which are really
known to have in their regular course of development all the
stages as necessary requirements of growth. Ina few instances
it is known that species, which under some circumstances have
this or that form produced, may, under other circumstances,
perpetuate themselves though one or more forms are omitted.
In very many cases the genetic connection of different fruit
forms has not been satisfactorily made out; but contributions
to knowledge of this kind are from time to time gained, and
through the interest now taken in the matter more rapid ad-
vance may be expected in the future. For this purpose artifi-
cial cultures, with the most painstaking care to avoid mistakes,
are required. The spores: must be placed on the proper host
under proper conditions, and the development carefully fol-
lowed through the season. It is believed that in some specie
only teleutospores are produced, in others only uredo and teleu-
toforms, and these from the same mycelium; in still others only
ecidium and teleutoforms. The office of the spermogonia has
not been conclusively ascertained. Cornu, of France has seen
the spermatia from them germinate in certain nutritive fluids,
but not in water, and he has supposed they may under certain
conditions reproduce the plants like other spores. Many have
attributed to them sexual functions, but the proof is unsatis-
factory. It has been observed that some spermogonia are fra-
grant, and insects are known to visit them, hence the inference
that the special office may be for dissemination.

In most cases the mycelium of these plants wanders little
from the point of penetration of the host tissues—in this
strikingly differing from the usual growth of the species of
Ustilaginee and some other groups of fungus parasites. In

154 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

leaves the vegetative threads are seldom found at a greater lat-
eral than vertical distance, the latter limited by the thickness
of the leaf; yet the whole tissue may be permeated by the my-
celium of different, perhaps very numerous, spores.

In the preparation for the formation of spores, mycelium-
threads become densely aggregated into a parenchyma-like
tissue in a little area just beneath the epidermis, and from the
upper surface of this minute cushion the spores are produced
by the enlargement and modification of the end of a thread,
either singly; or by the formation of septa, from two to several
—in the latter case so as usually to form a single vertical row
from each fertile filament. The clusters of spores (sori),
usually very densely packed, are naked, or surrounded by pe-
culiar sterile cells (paraphyses), produced from the mycelium
or entirely inclosed in a membranous envelope (pseudoperid-
ium), originating from the same source. By the growth of the
fungus the epidermis of the host is pushed up and finally
ruptured, so that the spores, mostly just at maturity, are exposed
to the air, in the currents of which they are light enough to

be carried as fine. dust.
The species of Uredinee are limited to particular host

species, mostly to one, or at farthest to the species of one genus
or closely allied genera. None are certainly known to grow
upon plants of different natural orders, except in the alterna-
tion of fruit forms. In the latter case the teleutospores pro-
duced upon grasses or sedges give origin, in some species, to
zcidia on the leaves of certain exogens. In fact, it seems to
be most common that when the ecidium is not grown on the
same host with the uredo and teleutoforms, very wide diver-
gence in this respect is made. Wheat and the barberry bush,
oats and the buckthorn, red cedars and apple trees, are three
examples of this remarkable peculiarity, the teleutoform in
each case being found on the first named, the ecidium on the
second.

Following the descriptions of species in this paper, refer-
ences are given for each species to the host plants, the locali-
ties by counties (of Illinois), and the date of collection. The
numbers in Arabic figures are those of the herbarium speci-
mens, corresponding with those of the collector's notes; the

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 155

Roman numerals often following the above indicate the stage
of development of the fungus; viz. I., ecidium; II., uredo;
III., teleutospore.

Key To THE GENERA OF UREDINE.

I. Spores at maturity forming a more or less powdery mass.

A. Spores with a permanent pedicel, mostly smooth and

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

dark brown.
Spores one-celled ..............2.00. Uromycss.
Spores two-celled, septum horizontal. ..Puccrnta.

Spores three-celled, septa in different planes.

TRIPHRAGMIUM.

Spores three or more celled, septa horizontal.

PHRAGMIDIUM.

Spores many-celled, septa variously placed.

RAVENELIA.

B. Spores with deciduous pedicels or none, one-celled,
mostly roughened with minute projections, usually
yellow or reddish-brown.

1.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Sorus with a peridium, spores produced in vertical

chains, without pedicels.
Peridium cup-shaped, rim-border mostly toothed
or lobed and rectirved.............. ARCIDIUM.
Peridium hemispherical or bow] shaped, deeply
IMMETSEd 64 nde raqensc manne x ENDOPHYLLUM.
Peridium elongated, usually cylindrical or coni-
cal, soon split-fringed above ....... RastTELia.
Peridium various, bursting irregularly, white,
on Conifer ........ 2.00. ee eee PERIDERMIUM.

2. Sorus without peridium.

a.

b.

Spores produced in vertical chains, without ped-
icels, usually accompanied with spermogonia.

COMA.
Spores produced on pedicels (deciduous), not
accompanied with spermogonia ....... UREDo.

II. ‘Spores at maturity embedded in gelatine, two-celled, sep-
tum horizontal, pedicel long........ GYMNOSPORANGIUM.

156 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

III. Spores at maturity in a dense, waxy or crust-like stratum,
not separating from each other.

A. Spores one-celled, less commonly several-celled, and
then the septa almost never horizontal, mostly dull
reddish brown.

1. Spores one-celled, oblong, united in an erect (often
curved ) cylindrical column...... CRONARTIUM.
2. Spores one or more celled, septa, when present,
mostly vertical or oblique, united in a flat or
convex stratum..............-. MELAMPSORA.

B. Spores several-celled, septa horizontal, mostly reddish-
orange.
1. Spore cells short (not longer than wide), united
in a flat waxy mass, cell rows simple.
CoLEOSPORIUM.
2. Spore cells oblong or cylindrical, in simple or
branched vertical rows, not waxy . CHRYSOMYXA.

UROMYCES Link.

Teleutospores one-celled, brown, produced singly on per-
manent pedicels, usually longer than the spore, arising from a
compact layer of small irregularly shaped cells beneath the epi-
dermis, which is finally ruptured, exposing the more or less
powdery mass.

Like most of the genera of Uiedinew the biological
development of the Uroimyces is very complex, and in the dif-
ferent species variously diversified. All the spore-forms exist
on the same or different hosts, or any one, or even all but one
(the teleutospore) may be wanting. In most cases the teleuto-
spore germinates only after a considerable period of rest, but
in a few species exceptions to this occur, and there are also
exceptions in regard to the permanence of the pedicels. When
the spores readily fall from the stalks, they can be distin-
guished from stalked uredospores by the different appearance —
usually smooth instead of being roughened with minute and
mostly sharp-pointed prominences — or by the tardy germina-
tion when ripe. Puzzling forms occur, in which some of the

Purasitic Fungi of Illinois. 157

teleutospores are divided like a Puccinia; but because a few
such spores are found among many of single cells, the species
should not be transferred to the latter genus unless there is
‘good reason to suppose that the single celled spores are the ab-
normal ones.

In England the ecidial forms of the greater proportion of
the Uromycetes are supposed to be known; but in our own flora
almost nothing has been demonstrated. In the following those
species which have their xcidia on the same host are thus indi-
cated in the notes. .

U. hyperici, (Schw.) Curt.

L Hypophyllous; spots small, scattered, purplish; wcidia
minute, about six (one to nine) in agluster, semi-immersed;
short; spores orange.

IL., III. Hypogenous; spots small, light cinnamon or pur-
ple; sori numerous, scattered. Uredoforms and teleutoforms
often in the same sorus, the latter succeeding the former. II.
Sori small, roundish, long covered by the epidermis, then sur-
rounded by its ruptured remains; spores light yellow, globose
to elliptical-oblong, minutely echinulate, 16-19 by 19-27 x.
III. Sori becoming larger, angular and conspicuous, ruptured
epidermis prominent; spores elliptical or oblong, tapering to
the base, strongly thickened at the obtuse or rounded apex;
12 by 21-27 »; pedicel tinted, 1-2 times the length of the
spore.

Spots on the stem pilose-strigose, purple; sori scattered, acuminate-
pvate, bullate, elevated, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis.—Schw.
N. Am. Fungi, No. 2843, p. 292.

On Hypericum mutilum: Union, Oct. 25, 2008, I., IIL;
Elodes virginica: Cook, Sept. 6, 1447, I., III.; Sept. 8, 1462,
II., TII.; LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6218.

Cooke (Proceedings Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1, part
IL., p. 184) described, under the name Uromyces triquetra, a
species on Hypericum, and questioned its identity with the plant
described by Schweinitz. Peck (25th Rep. p. 74) adopts the
name given by Cooke, but Farlow (Hillis N. A. Fungi, 281)
uses, for what seems to be the same, Schweinitz’s name. In

158 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

the exsiccated specimen of Ellis, and the Illinois collections,
sori also occur on the stems, in this differing from Cooke’s des-
eription of U. triquetra, and the spores are not commonly an-
gular, certainly not usually three-sided. The above description
is drawn from specimens on Elodes virginica. On Hypericum
mutilum the sori occur on both stems and leaves, are smaller
and rounded, and the spores are rather smaller and lighter
colored.

U. terebinthi, (DC.) Wint.

Amphigenous; spots yellow or yellowish red or none, usu-_

ally small; sori minute, scattered or crowded, soon naked. II.
Spores elliptical, often roundish or obiong, usually obtusely
pointed, covered with spiral lines of minute warts or beads, yel-
lowish brown, 25 by 25-40», on a short hyaline deciduous
pedicel. III. Spores vertically compressed or globose, with an
obtuse cap-like point, verrucose with prominences in short ir-
regular undulating lines, dark brown, about 25 » long (ver-
tical dimension ) and 80 » wide; pedicel hyaline, stout, perma-
nent, several times as long as the spore.

Uromyces toxicodendri, B. & R. Effused, rufous; spores ovate, ob-
tuse or apiculate, marked with short lines somewhat like the sporidia
of Ascobolus furfuraceus.—Berk. Grev. vol. III., p. 56.

Pileolaria brevipes, B. & R. Forming little specks on the under side
of the leaves; stem short, flexuous; spores at first globose, with three
coats, then depressed with a central nucleus. .00114 in. diam.—Berk.
Grey. vol. ITI., p. 56.

On leaves, petioles and stems of Rhus toxicodendron: Cham-
paign, June 9, 4928, II.; Adams, June 27, 5319, IL, July 6,
5482, IT., July 12, 5528, T.; McLean, July 12, 2442, IL, July
16, 2487, IL, TIL. 2488, IL, IL, July 20, 5605, IT., 5606, IL,
July 22, 2489, IT, 2440, IL., T1T., Ang. 1, 2442, IL, IIT., Aug.
4, 2448, ID., TIT., Sept. 6, 5657, IT., IIL, Oct. 6, 1811; Piatt,
Aug. 15, 1066, IT, IT.; McHenry, Aug. 24, 1266, IT., IIL; La
Salle, Sept. 14, 1534, IT., III.; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5883; Ogle,
Sept. 25, 6167; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6317; Union, Oct. 25, 2019.

This is often referred to the genus Pileolaria, Cast.; but
mycologists are pretty well agreed (Léveillé, Tulasne, Winter,

Parasitic Fungi of [llinois. 159

Farlow, and others) that the plant is not generically distinct
from Uromyces. This being admitted, a further question comes
upon the specific distinction between the American plant on
Rhus and the European orie on Pistacea, an allied genus. Ours
was published in Ravenel’s Fungi Car. Sup. (1855), under the
names of Uredo toxicodendri, Berk. & Rav., for the uredoform,
and Pileolaria brevipes, Berk. & Rav., for the teleutoform, and
the latter name has been commonly used, though the signifi-
cance of the specific appellation is unintelligible or incorrect,
for the pedicels are conspicuously long. Upon comparing
specimens and descriptions of European and- American plants,
it does not appear that the latter can be maintained as a dis-
tinct species, hence the name previously given to the former
has here been adopted (Uredo terebinthi, D. C. Flore Frane.
[1815], VI, p. 71). The teleutospores are not at all different,
but in the poor specimens at hand of the European uredo-
spores, the spiral arrangement of the prominences cannot be so
well made out; however, Schréter (Hedwigia XIV. [1875],
p- 170) does not find any difference between them. Doubtless
there is none.

It is peculiar that a difference of opinion should exist as to
which of the forms is the teleutospore. In these specimens the
yellowish fragile-stalked form appears alone in the collections
of July, in those of August this is well scattered but present,
while the thick-walled long-stalked form may be found in sori
still mostly covered by the epidermis, and later (October) only
this last is found.

U. hedysari-paniculati, (Schw.) Farlow.

II., III. Spots yellow or none; sori amphigenous, scat-
tered over the whole under surface of the leaf, few above. II.
Sori small, yellowish brown, scattered; spores subglobose,
echinulate, 18 by 21 ». ILI. Sori small, compact, soon diffuse
and confluent, brown or blackish; spores acute or oval, obtuse,
conspicuously papillate, reddish brown, epispore thick, size 18
by 214; pedicels broad, slightly colored, slightly curved below,
twice the length of the spore.

Sori minute, but thickly scattered over the whole leaf, innate with
the epidermis. Spores long-pediceled, with the pedicels articulate, pel-

160 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

lucid or opaque, ovate, obtuse, not cylindrical, obscurely septate, not ar-
ticulate, constricted.—_Schw. N. Am. Fung., No. 2947, p. 297.

On leaves of Desmodium paniculatum: LaSalle, Sept. 17,
1561, II., III.; Union, Oct. 22, 1941, Oct. 24, 1992; Pulaski,
Nov. 4, 2254, IL, III. D. cuspidatum: Henry, Sept. 28, 1729;
Union, Oct. 22, 1944, 1948 and 1954, Oct. 24, 1980 and 1990,
IL, II. D. Canadense: JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5918, Sept. 20,
6015; Jersey, Oct. 13, 6290. D. rotundifolium: Jersey, Oct. 14,
6321. Desmodium sps.: Union, Oct. 24, 1979 and 1991.

In Schweinitz’s Syn. Fung. Car. (No. 503) this species is
named Puccinia Hedysari paniculati, but in his N. Am. Fungi
(p. 297, No. 2947), subsequently published, the name is Phrag-
midium Hedysari. The plant called Hedysarum paniculatum
by Schweinitz is now transferred to the genus Nesmodium, with
other species upon which the fungus also occurs. In March,
1878 (Hedw. XVII., p. 39), Cooke described the same plant
under the name Uroimyces Desmodii; and Thiimen, at the same
time (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 215), also bestowed the lat-
ter name upon the species, with a still fuller and better des-
cription. Farlow (Ellis N. Am. Fungi, No. 246 [1879])
restored the original specific name, and wrote Uromyces Hedy-
sari-paniculati (Schw. ).

U. lespedezee, (Schw.) Peck.

IL, II. Hypogenous and often also sparingly epigenous;
spots yellowish, very small; sori small, scattered, at first cov-
ered by the epidermis, lead-colored, soon exposed, black, sur-
rounded by the ruptured remains of the epidermis. Uredo sori
light brown. Both kinds of sori often surrounded by curved
paraphyses. IT. Spores pale, subglobose, 16-18 by 18-21 p;
epispore rather obscurely echinulate. III. Spores rounded
to oblong, with the rounded, obtuse, or pointed apex strongly
thickened, frequently forming one third of the length of the
spore, blackish brown, smooth, 12-15 by 21-27 u; pedicel
hyaline, rather broad, about 36% long. Paraphyses hyaline,
of nearly uniform diameter, rounded apex, 6-9 » broad.

On leaves of Lespedezu procumbens: Jackson, Oct. 22,
1952; Union, Oct. 24, 1982. L. repens: McLean, July 29,
2349, I, LL; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5884, Oct. 13, 1860; La

Parasitic Fungi of Illimois. 161

Salle, Sept. 14, 1523, I., II.; Union, Oct. 21, 1910, Oct. 22,
1943, Oct. 26, 2026, Oct. 31, 2148. LL. violacea: Cook, Sept. 5,
1443; JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5914; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6264; Union,
Oct. 22, 1942, Oct. 31, 2147. ZL. hirta: Union, Oct. 21, 1918,
Oct. 22, 1968, Oct. 26, 2025. L. capitata: McHenry, Aug. 25,
1298, Aug. 27, 1338; Cook, Sept. 7, 1461; Lee, Sept. 11, 5781;
LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1568; JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6016; Ogle, Sept.
23, 6145.

The so-called * capitata” form is common on most species.
except L. violacea. Paraphyses usually accompany this form,
and are mostly absent in the typical one, but many exceptions
oceur.

Schweinitz (Syn. Fung. Car. [1822] Nos. 497 and 498)
describes this species under the names Puccinia Lespedeze
procumbentis (497) and P. Lespedeze polystachye (498).

U. fabee, (Pers.) DBy.

IL, IIL. Spots small, black; sori amphigenous, sparse above,
scattered, round or oblong, black, surrounded by the prominent
remains of the ruptured epidermis. IJ. Spores in roundish,
small and inconspicuous brownish sori, globose or oval, ob-
scurely warty, pale brown, 21-24 by 24-29 ». III. Spores
roundish-oval, obovate, oblong, pyriform or often irregular,
epispore smooth, apex strongly thickened, obtuse or rounded,
18-21 by 27-47 »; pedicels broad, a little longer than the spore.

On leaves of Lathyrus palustris: McHenry, Aug. 23, 1238,
IL, IIT. L. venenosus: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1156; Stephenson,
Sept. 13, 5827. LD. ochroleucus: Lake, Aug. 27, 1348.

Persoon, in 1794 (Roemer’s N. Mag. J, p. 93), named a
fungus Uredo Fabe, and this is presumably the uredo form of
the present species. In 1801 (Syn. Fung. p. 221) he described
under the name of Uredo Vicie Fabe what is no doubt the
teleutoform. DeBary (Ann. Sc. Nat. IV. XX. [1863]) wrote
Uromyces Fabe.

U. vicie, U. vicie-fabe, U. ervi and U. orobi are synonyms.

U. appendiculata, (Pers.) Lév.

IL, III. Spots yellowish and indefinite or none; sori am-
phigenous, scattered, pulverulent, often confluent. II. Sori

162 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

yellowish brown, spores subglobose or oval, echinulate, 18-21
by 21-24 u. III. Sori blackish purple, elliptical to subro-
tund, with a prominent obtuse hyaline apiculus, epispore thick,
smooth, 18-24 by 27-32 u; pedicels hyaline, fragile, 14 to 2
times the length of the spore.

On Phaseolus vulgaris: Boone, Sept. 2, 1425, IL, IIL;
Union, Oct. 21, II, TII., Oct. 24, 1983, IL, UI. P. diversifo-
lius: Cook, Sept. 5, 1442, Sept. 6, 1448, IT., III.; Lee, Sept. 9,
5753, I1., III.; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1562, IL., III.; Rock Island,
Sept. 24, 1648, IL, IIL; Union, Oct. 21, 1907, Oct. 24, 1981,
Nov. 3, 2189. P. helvolus: Union, Oct. 24, 1967, Oct. 25, 1995,
Oct. 29, 2112.

In Obs. Mye. J, p. 17, Persoon described Uredo appendicu-
lata, and in Syn. Fung. pp. 221-222, repeated it with var. pha-
seoli, and two other varieties. The latter have been referred to
other species, leaving the original name for this form; but
the name Uromyces phaseoli is frequently used.

U. cenothere, Burrill.

I. Infected leaves somewhat involute or revolute; peridia
irregularly scattered over both surfaces of the leaf, minute,
short, roundish or slightly elongated, with a whitish, spreading
or somewhat recurved, irregularly lacerated border; spores pale,
elobose-angular, 15 » in diameter. II. Spots red-purple,
indefinite; sori epigenous, roundish, soon naked, brown; spores
subglobose, minutely echinulate, brown, 15-18 by 16-24 p.
IIL. Spots same; sori roundish or oblong, epigenous and soon
naked, or cauline and long covered by the epidermis, blackish;
spores oval, elliptical, or oblong, strongly thickened at the
apex, broadly rounded or variously pointed, dark brown, 16-18
by 24-30 »; pedicels about 14 times the length of the spore,
often broad, tinted, especially close to the spore.

On Bnothere linifolia: Jackson, April 27, 4842, I., I1., IIL,
April 28, 4859, [., Uf., IT.

The ecidia occur on the cauline leaves, affecting all alike,
but sparingly on the radical leaves; the uredo- and teleutoforms
are mostly confined to the radical leaves. The pedicels of the
uredo spores are frequently persistent.

Parasitic Fungi_of Illinois. 163

U. spermacoces,’ (Schw.) Curt.

IL., IIT. Amphigenous, on stems and leaves; spots, none
observed; sori numerous, scattered, very prominent, rounded,
black, surrounded by the upturned epidermis. II. Spores
subglobose, yellowish, very minutely warty, 21-25 by 22-27 u.
III. Spores subglobose, smooth, uniformly very dark colored,
24-27 by 30 »; pedicels persistent, about 3-4 times the length
of the spore.

On stems and leaves of Diodia teres:,Union, Oct. 25, 1994,
Oct. 29, 2122, Nov. 1, 2199. The uredo form was collected in
Union Co., Aug. 1880, by C. W. Butler.

U. Rudbeckiss, Arth. & Hol. (in lit. ).

Hypophyllous; spots pale, then brown or black, numer-
ous, scattered; sori small, densely clustered, somewhat circinat-
ing, slightly raised, clusters plane, epidermis at length vanish-
ing with no remains around the cinnamon-colored sori; spores
oblong-obovate, obtuse or obtusely pointed, pallid, about 12 by
20 »; pedicel slender, hyaline, somewhat longer than the spore.

On Rudbeckia laciniata: McHenry, Aug. 24, 1278; Ste-
phenson, Sept. 21, 6084.

The spots resemble some forms of Puccinia asteris, the
leaf soon breaking away, leaving holes as if eaten by an insect.

U. Howei, Peck.

III. Spots none; sori hypogenous, scattered, indefinitely
clustered, often confluent, surrounded by the remains of the
ruptured epidermis, blackish purple; spores oval or subglobose,
warty, 18-21 by 21-25 »; pedicels about twice the length of
the spore, very fragile, breaking off, leaving a small portion at-
tached to the spore, which therefore appears to be very short-
pediceled.

Hyrogenous, sori scattered or subconfluent, surrounded by the
ruptured epidermis, from one-half to one line in diameter; spores
brown, subglobose, roughened with slight indentations (?), .00083 to
0010 in. in diaméter.—Peck, 23d Rpt. N. Y. State Museum [1873], p. 58.

On leaves of Asclepias cornuti: Champaign, Aug. 11, 1016;
Cook, Sept. 8, 2851; Lee, Sept. 9, 5755; Stephenson, Sept. 13,

164 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

5826; JoDaviess, Sept. 918, 5983;~Rock Island, Sept. ' 24, 1649;
LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6225; McLean, Oct.'19, 1892. A. tuberosa:
McHenry, Aug. 26, 1318; Champaign, Sept. 20. A. incarnata:
LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6211. ?

The pedicels in this species very easily break away. They
are not short and permanent in specimens examined, as indi-
cated by Peck, 30th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p.'75. The minute
roughness of the surface is indicative of a uredoform, but no
other form has been found, and these are certainly often pro-
duced very late in the season. On account of the deciduous
pedicels, Peck at first described the specics under the generic
name of T'richobasis (23d Rep. N. Y. State Mus. [18783], p. 58),
but in 30th Rpt. [1878], p. 75, transferred it to Uromyces,
where it doubtless belongs. Perhaps strictness would require
the insertion of Peck in parenthesis, as authority for the spe-
cific name.

This is Uromyces asclepiadis, Cke. (Grevillea V. [1877],
p. 152).

U. polygoni, ( Pers.) Fckl.

I. Amphigenous; spots minute, inconspicuous; ecidia
few, irregularly collected in little groups, small, very short,
‘lacerated border scarcely recurved; spores subglobose or ellip-
tical, epispore thin, tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-21 », spermogo-
nia not found. II. Amphigenous; spots yellowish, sori small,
scattered, rotund, somewhat elevated; spores subglobose, epi-
spore thick, minutely roughened, 21 by 24». III. Sori caul-
ine, elongated, confluent, dark brown, prominent; spores oval,
obovate or oblong, obtuse, epispore smooth, thickened at the
apex, 15-24 by 21-35 «; pedicels long, persistent, sometimes
reaching 100 z.

On Polygonum aviculare, var. erectum: McLean, May 23,
4745, I, May 25, 4796, I., II., June 1, 4888, L, I., July 11,
2350, IL, Oct. 11, 1834, IT., III.; LaSalle, June 19, 5238, IT.;
Champaign, Aug. 11, 1009, I.; McHenry, Aug. 31, 1395, IL.,
IIL.; LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1488, II, Sept. 13, 1498, IL, IIL;
Union, Oct. 26, 2030, IL., III. P. ramosissimum: Lake, Aug.
22, 1222; Lee, Sept. 9, IT., III.; Union, Oct. 31, 2152, IL., IIT.

Parasitic Fungi of Tlinois. 165

The teleutoform occasionally occurs on the midribs of the
leaves and (in No. 2152) even on the blade.

In 1797 Persoon (Disp. Meth.) named this piant Puccinia
polygont, but afterwards wrote P. Polygoni Avicularie (Syn.
Fung. [1801], p. 227.) Schréter in 1869 (Rost u. Br. Pilze
Schlesiens) adopted the name Uromyces Avicularie. Fuckel
published the name as Uromyces Polygoni in 1869 (Symb.
Myce., p. 64).

U. euphorbia, C. P.

IL, HI. Amphigenous; spots purple or yellowish; sori
scattered, round, small. II. Sori distinguished by their lighter
brown color, spores globose, minutely roughened, pale brown,
15-21 » in diameter. III. Spores subglobose, oval or obovate,
slightly apiculate, warty, 15-18 by 18-25 u, interspersed with
numerous slender paraphyses; pedicels about twice the length
of the spore, slender, hyaline, very fragile and deciduous, leav-
ing a small portion attached to the spore.

Leaves generally stained with red or purple; soriamphigenous, sub-
rotund, slightly convex, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, ferru-
ginous-brown or blackish-brown; spores subglobose, rough, often with a
large nucleus, about .0008 in. in diameter; peduncle short, hyaline.—
Peck, XXX Rep. N. Y. Mus. p. 90.

On leaves of Kuphorbia maculata: McLean, July 16, 2352;
McHenry, Aug. 22, 1221, Aug. 25, 1801; LaSalle, Sept. 16,
1548 and 1550; Lee, Sept. 8, 5712; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1616;
Jersey, Oct. 14, 6316. . hypericifolia: Adams, July 6, 5431,
IL, ILI.; McLean, July 7, 2353, Oct. 6, 1802; Tazewell, July 22,
2354; Piatt, Aug. 15, 1064, Aug. 17, 1104; Rock Island, Sept. 21,
1615; Ogle, Sept. 23, 61438; Union, Oct. 21, 1840. E. dentata:
Adams, July 6, 5427, IL, IIL., 5428. IL, H.; Jersey, Oct. 12,
6263, IL., III. E£. heterophylla: Ogle, Aug. 28, 5641, IT., IIT.,
Sept. 23, 6144, Sept. 28, 6182, II., III.; Lee, Sept. 9, 5754, II.,
IIT. Euphorbia sps.: McHenry, Sept. 1, 1409.

The pedicels are deciduous, as are those of U. Howe, Peck,
and the surface of the spore is similarly roughened. A’'cidium
euphorbie, Pers., accompanies the Uromyces in Nos. 1064, 1548,
1616, and 2353, but it is believed by most botanists to have no
connection with this Uromyces.

166 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

The synonymy of this species is discussed by Professor Far-
low-in the Bulletin of the Bussey Institution, IT, p. 245.

Ucaladii, (Schw.) Farlow.

I. Acidia scattered over the whole under surface of the
leaf, short, with a spreading border; spores subglobose to ellip-
tical, angular, minutely roughened, 15-18 by 18-24 #; sperm-
ogonia also hypophyllous, scattered, preceding and accompany-
ing the ecidia. IL., JJ. Amphigenous; sori scattered, round
or oblong, often long remaining partly covered by the epider-
mis, frequently confluent. II. Spores pyriform, truncate at
the base, epispore thick, slightly thicker at the apex, conspicu-
ously echinulate, 15-21 by 25-32 4. ITI. Spores oval, sub-
globose or pyriform, smooth, apiculate, 16-21 by 25-32 u; ped-
icels about as long as the spores, very fragile and deciduous,
leaving a small portion attached.

On Arisema triphyllum: McLean, May 28, 4755, 1, Aug.
1, 2359, TIT., Aug. 6, 2358, III.; LaSalle, June 15, 4991, L.
A. dracontium: Union, April 14, 4098 (spermogones), April
17, 4185, I., April 29, 4894, I.; Jackson, April 18, 4164, I.,
April 19, 4193, I.; Pulaski, May 1, 4399, I., II., May 2, 4423, I,
May 6, 4527, L, I., HI., May 10, 4590, I.; Johnson, May 12,
4638, L., IL; McLean, May 23, 4754, 1, July 20, 2357, IIL,
July 29, 2356, III.: LaSalle, June 21, 5258, I., IL, IIT.; Adams,
July 3, 5391, IL, IIL, July 5, 5410, IIL, July 6, 5435, O., TIL,
July 7, 5445, IL., IIL, July 10, 5459, I., I1L.; Tazewell, July 22,
2355, III.; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1114, UI.; Kane, Aug. 30, 1884,
TIT.;#Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1642, I]. Peltandra virginica:
Indiana, near Cook Co. line, Sept. 7, 1456, IT., III.

The following is the synonomy of this species: Uredo
Caladii, Schw. Syn. Fung. Car. [1822], No. 480. Cwoma
(Uredo) Ari Virginici, Schw. Syn. N. Am. Fungi [1884], No.
2839. Uromyces Peltandre, Howe. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V.
[1874], p. 48. Uromyces Ari-Virginici, Howe. 1. ¢., p. 43.
Uromyces Pontederie, Ger. 1. c. VI, p. 31. Uromyces Ariseme,
Cke. l.c., p. 82.

Schweinitz was probably mistaken at first in his host plant,
and means to correct the error by changing the specific name
to Ari Virginici in the N. Am. Fungi. His description in the

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 167

latter work shows that his specimens were the teleutoform,
and priority requires the name Uromyces caladii (Schw.) as
used by Farlow (Ellis N. Am. Fungi No. 232 [1879].

U. pyriformis, Cke.

III. Spots none; sori amphigenous, frequently arranged
in an ellipse, elongated, very dark; spores pyriform, obtuse,
epispore smooth, thickened at the apex, 15-20 by 25-23 »; ped-
icel half as long to as long as the spore, colored.

Amphigenous, erumpent, sori linear, sometimes confluent, rather
pulverulent, purple-brown, epispore thickened apove; pedicels rather
short, thick, persistent, colored in the upper portion.—Cooke, X XIX.
Rep. N. Y. Mus. p. 69.

On leaves of Acorus calamius: Lake, Aug. 27, 1339; Cook,
Sept. 5, 1434, Sept. 6, 1449, Sept. 7, 1459.

Mr. Peck remarks after the above description, “‘ The species
is very closely allied to U. sparganii, but appears to differ in
habit.” It is very doubtful whether it is distinct.

U. spharganii, C. & P.

III. Spots inconspicuous or none; sori amphigenous,
scattered or in elongated clusters, round or elongated, often
confluent, dark, pulverulent; spores pyriform or oblong, apex
rounded or truncate, epispore smooth, strongly thickened. at the
apex, 15-20 by 24-32 u; pedicels colored, half as long to as long
as the spore.

Sori minute, oblong, crowded, black, spores pyriform or oblong-py-

riform, about .001 in. long; pedicel colored, shorter than or equal to the
length of the spore.—Peck, XX VI. Rep. N. Y. Mus. p. 77.

On both sides of leaves of Sparganinm eurycurpum: Cook,
Sept. 6. 1450, Sept. 8, 1450.

U. erytheronii, (DC.)

I. Spots purplish, inconspicuous; ecidia few, single or in
small clusters or lines, short, with a narrow, delicate, many-
lobed border; spores subglobose or oval, somewhat angular,
smooth or obscurely roughened, 15-21 by 21-27 ». III. Spots

13

168 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

none; sori amphigenous, few, scattered, elliptical, usually re-
maining partly covered by the epidermis; teleutospores sub-
globose to oblong, apiculate, marked with longitudinal strie,
15-21 by 20-80 u; pedicels fragile, deciduous.

On leaves of Allium striatum: Union, April 12, 4028, L,
TIL, April 15, 4108, 1., TIT., April 17, 4139, I., III.; Jackson,
April 28, 4365.

The only perceptible difference between the Illinois speci-
mens and those on Erythronium from Europe is in the small
number of ecidia in a cluster.

U. junci, (Schw.) Tul.

IL., II]. Sori amphigenous, scattered or sometimes con-
fluent, roundish or elongated, prominent, long covered by the
epidermis, and after the rupture of the latter its edges conspic-
uous, the uredosori yellowish brown, the teleuto sori dark
brown. Uredospores subglobose, elliptical or sometimes pyri-
form, echinulate, 12-18 by 18-21 «, occasionally longer. Teleu-
tospores clavate or irregularly elliptical, usually widest towards
the top, smooth; apex obtuse, rounded or truncate, strongly
thickened, deep. brown; base narrowed; pedicel somewhat col-
ored, nearly or quite as long as the spore; 14-18 by 21-32 uv.

On Jincus tenuis: Pulaski, May 1, 4404, II.; Stephenson,
Sept. 13, 5830, IT., IIT.

The teleutosori are often much infested with Darlucu
Jil, a parasite on a parasite. On Juncus tenuis this seems
especially true.

U. scirpi, Burrill.

IL, 11. Amphigenous, spots brown, indeterminate; sori
long covered by the epidermis, minute and rounded, or larger,
oblong, sometimes confluent end to end, forming clusters up
to one fourth of an inch long, nearly black. Spores among
the teleutospores few, irregularly elliptical, yellowish brown,
sparsely echinulate, 15-20 by 27-36 yw. III. Spores clavate-
elliptical, widest at centre, mostly pointed, brown, apex darker,
and thickened, 18 by 32-42»; pedicel stout, subhyaline, about
the length of the spore.

Parasitic Fungi of [linois. 169

On leaves of Scirpus fluviatilis: ‘Champaign, Aug. 13,
1031, IL., UI.; Piatt, Aug. 16, 1088; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1551,
Sept. 20, 1597; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6114, IT., ITT.

The leaves are thickly mottled with conspicuous brown
spots, not definitely circumscribed. The appearance is nearest
to that of Uromyces spartine, Farlow (U. junci, var. spartine,
Hillis Exs. No. 239), of anything found, but it is sufficiently
distinct in the characteristics of the sori, and in the larger,
differently shaped spores.

U. acuminatus, Arthur.

II., II. Hypogenous, sori scattered, elongated, soon
naked, ruptured epidermis ragged, conspicuous. Uredospores
globose or oval, somewhat echinulate. Teleutospores very
irregular, subglobose to clavate, sometimes rounded or trun-
cate, but usually conspicuously and variously pointed; epispore
thin, smooth, yellowish brown, 15-18 by 24-39 u; pedicel
rather slender, somewhat colored, from one to three times
length of spores.

I. Unknown. II., III. Sori linear, narrow, elongated, on the un-
der surface of the leaves plane or slightly convex, sunken, soon naked;
encircling epidermis somewhat conspicuous. II. Uredosori yellowish,
inconspicuous; uredospores large, round or elliptical, finely and plenti-
fully echinulate, brcwnish yellow, .00088 to .0012 in. broad by .00102 to
.0014 in. long. III. Teleutosori brownish black; teleutospores oblong-
club-shape and oblong lanceolate to obovate, smooth, golden brown,
darker at the apex, .0006 to .00088 in. broad by .0010 to .00163 in. long ;
wallthin; apex much thickened, .90032 to .00048 in. thick, more or less
obliquely acuminate, or rarely only apiculate, sometimes with two
pointed terminations, one longer than the other, very rarely obtuse or
rounded; base narrowed or only acute; pedicel of uniform thickness,
as long as the spore, or shorter, very rarely longer, colored.—Arthur,
Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Vol. XI. p. 35.

On leaves of Spartina cynosuroides: McHenry, Aug. 26,
1326, I., IL; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1559.

Among the Uromycetes inhabiting grasses this is readily
distinguished by the irregular and peculiar shape of the teleu
tospores. While some are no longer than wide, many are ob-
long or nearly lanceolate, while the apex has a multitude of
forms: sometimes straight, sometimes acutely acuminate; often

170 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

turned sidewise, beak-like; not seldom double; and occasionally
suggesting the appendages at the apex of the teleutospores of
Puccinia coronata.

U. graminicola, Burrill.

IL, II. Sori amphigenous, but more common on under
surface, scattered, small, oblong or linear, soon uncovered, the
ruptured epidermis ragged, but usually its remains plainly ap-
parent. Uredosori yellow, teleutosori blackish brown; uredo-
spores spheroidal or oval, minutely echinulate, 15-18 by 18-22 u.
Teleutospores variable, subglobose, oval or oblong, smooth;
apex rounded or angular, thickened, 12-18 by 21-30 »; pedicel ,
somewhat colored, thick, scarcely tapering below, once to twice
the length of the spore.

On Panicum virgatum: McLean, July 20, 2347, IL, H1.,
Oct. 11, 1832; Champaign, Aug. 13, 1036, IJ., III.; McHenry,
Sept. 1, 1407. Elymus virginicus: Piatt, Aug. 10, 1001.

This species resembles somewhat closely U. junci, (Schw.)
Tul., from which, however, it is sufficiently distinct aside from
the difference in host. Compared with the latter the present
species has larger and sooner opened sori, the uredospores have
finer echinulations, and the teleutospores are usually shorter,
rounder, with apex less produced and pedicel very distinct,
being thicker, longer, and less tapering below. Among the
Uromycetes on grasses this seems distinct from U. Peckianus,
Farlow, to which it bears some resemblance. The latter has
the teleutospores more nearly subglobose, epispore uniformly
thickened, not produced at apex, and with longer and differ-
ent pedicels. Perhaps the nearest approach is to U. spartine,
Farlow, which, however, has much larger and thicker-walled
uredospores, and the teleutospores are lighter colored, more
regular in shape, with longer and more slender pedicels.

PUCCINIA, Pxrs.

Teleutospores two-celled, one above the other, brown, pro-
duced on permanent pedicels which arise in dense masses from
a cushion-like layer of irregular cells beneath the epidermis.

The characteristics of the genera Uronyces and Puccinia

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 171

are substantially identical, except that in the former the teleu-
tospore consists of a single cell, and in the latter of two cells,
formed by a horizontal septum usually placed somewhat below
the middle. The ecidium and uredo forms of the two genera
are not distinguishable. That the two genera are very
closely allied is also shown by the fact that in some species of
Uromyces two-celled spores are met with, while, especially when
not fully nourished, single-celled spores are quite common in
certain Puccinie. Occasionally more than two cells are ob-
served in true Puccinia spores, but in this case there is less dif-
ficulty in determining the classification, because the spores in
genera characterized by two or more transverse septa (Phrag-
midium, etc.) are considerably different in appearance.

In exact strictness each cell in all these divided forms
should be called a spore, for each is independent of the others
in germination. Some have even called the whole body a spore
sack (ascus), and the single cells spores; but there is no dis-
tinct wall for the former.

The genus has been divided as follows:—

1. Leptopuccinia.— Only teleutospores produced, which
are firmly attached to their stems and germinate soon after
maturity; sori quite firm, mostly hemispherical.

2. Micropuccinia.—Only teleutospores known, these read-
ily separating from the pedicels, germinating only after a long
period of rest.

3. Hemipuccinia. — Uredo- and teleutospores known,
zcidia not known.

4, Pueciniopsis—Acidia and teleutospores known, uredo
wanting.

5. Eupuccinia.—Acidia, uredo- and teleutospores known.

a. Autopuccinia.—All sporeforms on the same plant.

b. Heteropuccinia.—Aicidia (and spermagonia) on a
different host species from the uredo- and teleuto-
spores.

The third division now undoubtedly contains many species
which further information will transfer to the fifth, and the
same may be said, with less probability, of the fourth. Since
this classification is not applied in what follows, we simply cite
as examples of the first: P. anemones-virginiane, Schw.; P.

172 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

circece, Pers.; P. asteris, Duby; of the second —none in the
list known ; of the third: P. pruni-spinose, Pers.; P. scirpi,
DC.; P. maydis, Cda.; of the fourth: P. aculeata, Schw.; of the
fifth, first division: P. tanaceti, DC.; P. flosculosorum, P.
menthe, Pers., second division: P. caricis (Schum.); P. grami-
nis, Pers.

P. anemones-virginiane, Schw.

III. Spots dark brown; sori hypophyllous, prominent,
small, but commonly in dense, wart-like clusters, dark-brown;
spores linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly constricted, light-brown
below, darker above, the upper cell the shorter, and with the
epispore thickened ai the apex, 12-15 by 85-55 u; pedicels very
short, colored.

Spots none; soriscattered, rather large, so compact that they appear
solid, black ; spores at length easily breaking up. The sori are scattered
over the whole leaf, and at first lutescent, and as if sunken.—Schweinitz
N. Am. Fungi, No. 2937, p. 296.

On leaves of Anemone cylindrica: McHenry, Aug. 23, 1241,
Sept. 1, 1404; Cook, Sept. 5, 1441; LaSalle, Sept. 18, 1495. 4.
Virginiana: Piatt, Aug. 17,1115; Union, Aug. 17, 2519; Mc-
Henry, Aug. 27, 13835; McLean, Sept. 6, 5668; LaSalle, Sept.
12, 1471, Sept. 20, 1598; Lee, Sept. 21, 5797; JoDaviess, Sept.
16, 5958, Sept. 18, 5991, Sept. 20, 6037.

The spores are light colored and fragile, when dry, much
shrunken. Only teleutoform known.

Schweinitz first gave the name cited above (Syn. Fung.
Car. [1822] p. 46), and afterward (N. Am. Fungi [1834] p.
296) changed it to P. solida.

P. ranunculi, Seymour.

II. Amphigenous, but mostly epiphyllous. Sori irregu-
larly associated, often crowded but scarcely confluent, occupy-
ing large areas or the whole of the leaf surface, little elevated,
circular, powdery, surrounded by the upturned edges of the
‘epidermis, ecidium-like, cinnamon-brown; teleutospores broad-
ly elliptical, usually little or not at all constricted at the sep-
tum, ends rounded, vertex more rarely furnished with a low,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 173

pale apiculus, thickly but minutely tuberculate, 18-24 by 22-39»;
pedicel hyaline, fragile, short, sometimes more or less lateral.

On Ranunculus repens: Riverside, Illinois, near Chicago,
June 2, 1883, J. C. Arthur.

The little warts of the epispore are scarcely or not at all
visible in soaked specimens. The teleutospores sometimes ger-
minate in the sorus in June. One-celled specimens are not
uncommon, and some vary widely from the described type.

P. podophylli, Schw.

I. Hypogenous. Spots indefinite, mostly large, sometimes
confluent over the whole leaf, yellow; «cidia densely crowded,
very short, deeply and numerously split and much recurved,
very fragile; scidiaspores subglobose or elliptical, epispore
very thin, minutely tuberculate, 16-27 «; spermagonia minute,
rather sparsely scattered, opposite the ecidia. (Avcidiwm podo-
phylli, Schw.) II. Unknown. III. Amphigenous on leaves
and stems, on the former mostly beneath; sori small, rounded,
usually more or less confluent; spores ovate, obovate or ellipti-
cal, beset with straight or curved conspicuous spines, 20-27 by
39-48 »; pedicel very delicate and fugacious.

On Podophyllum peltatum: Union, April 12, 4031, I, April
14, 4085, I., 4086, L., I[L., April 15, 4107, L., IIT., April 17, 4180,
L, TIL., April 18, 4167, [., JIL. _Mepril 19, 4174, L, OIL, April 24,
4244, L, IIL, April 26, 4302, I, IL, 4804, T, OL., April 29,
4392, L., IIL; Jackson, April 20, 4196, I., TIT. _ Apel 21, 4215,
L, OF _ tipril 27, 4841, 1., WL; Pulaski, May 1, 4400, I., III.,
4419, L, May 4, 4482, I., IIL, May 5 , $496, ITL., May 6, 4526,
Tiss TL: McLean, July 5, 2279, Tey 7, 2283, July 12, 2282,
‘ae 1, 2281; Tazewell, July 22, 2288; McHenry, Aug. 20,
1140; Lake, Aug. 27, 1348.

Commonly known as P. aculeata, Schw., but the above
name has priority. The species is readily identified by the
spines of the teleutospore. The ecidia occur on the parenchy-
mentous portions of the leaf, and the teleutospores are not
unfrequently subsequently produced along the veins and upon
the stems, having no apparent mycelial connection with the
ecidia. In other cases they are produced either in the midst
of the ecidia or in close proximity to them.

174 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

P. viole, DC.

L, II., III. Amphigenous, or often hypogenous. I. Spots
definite or more or less diffused, sometimes covering large areas
of the blades and of the petioles; ecidia irregularly (usually
densely ) clustered, short, rather coarsely and deeply lacerated
and irregularly recurved; spores subglobose, epispore very thin,
minutely tuberculate, 12-18 »; spermagonia not found. IL.,
III. Sori sparsely scattered, or collected in little irregular
groups upon discolored spots (Aucidium viole, Schum.). II.
Spores subglobose, elliptical or obovate, epispore thick, sharply
echinulate, cinnamon-brown, nearly as dark as the teleutospore,
18-24 ». II. Spores usually broadly elliptical, frequently ir-
regular, little or not at all constricted at the septum, which is
thick, vertex thickened, furnished with a conspicuous, tinted,
usually obtuse apiculus, and a somewhat similar projection
sometimes occurs on the side of the. under segment near the
septum, base mostly obtusely rounded, epispore rather thick,
conspicuously but rather finely tuberculate, 18-24 by 26-37 u;
pedicels hyaline, fragile, sometimes more or less lateral, not
longer than the spore.

On Viola cucullata: MeLean, Aug. 4, 2284; McHenry, Aug.
22, 1207, II., IIL, Aug. 31, 1891; Lake, Aug. 29, 1360; Ste-
phenson, Sept. 14, 5888, II., IIL; JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6034,
TIL; Ogle, Sept. 28, 6137, ITI. V. striata: Jackson, April 18,
4163, I., April 19, 4173, I.; Union, April 24, 4245, L, IIT. V.
pubescens: McLean, June 24, 5285, II., IL, July 15, 2286,
Aug. 1, 2285, Aug. 6, 2287, Adams, June 28, 5326, IT., ITI.
Viola sp.: Kane, Aug. 30, 1381.

P. Mariz-Wilsoni, Clinton.

I. Amphigenous. Aicidia regularly scattered, often
closely associated over large areas of the host; peridia lacini-
ated and excurved; spores subglobose, epispore thin, finely
echinulate, 15-18 »; spermogonia scattered among the ecidia.
III. Sori hypogenous, irregularly clustered, little elevated,
long covered by the epidermis; spores irregular and various,
more often elliptical, not constricted at septum, the latter
strongly developed; apex obtuse, sometimes furnished with a

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 175

very short apiculus, epispore thick, conspicuously, though ra-
ther finely tuberculate, 21-27 by 30-48 «; pedicel hyaline,
fragile, short.

Cxoma (dicidinm) Claytoniatum, L. v.8. Almost simple and without
spots, occupying the whole leaf. Pseudoperidia broad, scattered. Spores
orange.—Schw N. Am. Fung., No. 2892, p. 294.

Puccinia Maria-Wilsoni, Clinton. Amphigenous; spots none; sori
scattered or clustered unequal, at first covered by the epidermis, then
surrounded by its ruptured remains; reddish brown; spores subellip-
tical, scarcely constricted, crowned with a pustule, .0013-.0018 in. long,
-0007-.0008 in. broad.—Peck, 25 Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 115.

On Claytonia Virginica: Both forms were collected at
Riverside, Illinois, near Chicago, June 2, 1883, by J. C. Arthur.

This compound specific name ought not to be tolerated.
Whatever may be said of the Schweinitzian and other old
specific names composed of the binomial name of the host,
there is no excuse in such a case as the present for disregard-
ing a well-established and appropriate rule.

In the accessible descriptions nothing is said of the tuber-
culate surface of the teleutospores.

P. heterospora, B. & C. .
III. Spots purple, definite; sori hypogenous, small, densey

and definitely clustered, soon naked, ruptured, epidermis incon-
spicuous; spores subglobose or rarely elongated, mostly single-
celled, but frequently septate in any direction, epispore smooth,
gradually thickened toward the apex, diameter 18-27 »; pedicel
hyaline, slender, diminishing below, about three to five times
the length of the spore.

Sori minute, collected in orbicular groups, brown; spores subglo-
bose, with the pedicel attenuated downward, subequal, at length septate.
—Berkeley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Vol. X., p. 350.

On Sida spinosa: Union, Sept. 17, 1882, 5033. F. S.
Karle. ;

This is Uromyces pulcherrima, B. & C. (Grev. IIT. [1874]
p. 56, also U. Thwaitesii, B. & Br. Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV.
[1875] p. 92,).

The original description by Berkeley and Curtis is in Jour.
Linn. Soc. X. [1869] p. 356. See A. B. Seymour, Botanical

Gazette, 1884, p. 357.

-176 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

The species is properly a Puccinia since the septate cells,
though usually less in number than the simple ones, are numer-
ous and normal in character —evidently the highest develop-
went of the plant.

P, nolitangeris, Cda.

Hypophyllous. IL, If. Sori minute, scattered uredo-
sori yellowish; teleutosori brown; uredospores subglobose, ob-
securely echinulate, diameter 16-19 »; teleutospores elliptical
to oval, but irregular, rounded at both ends and slightly con-
stricted, with a prominent hyaline apiculus, 15-18 by 25-33 yp;
pedicels hyaline, very fragile and deciduous, apparently about
as long as the spores.

Spots irregular, confluent, flavescent; sori gregarious, rufo-fuscous ;
spores oblong, obtuse or attenuated, apiculate, amcene fuscous, hyaline;
epispore simple, thin; nucleus grumulose; oil globules white ; terminal
apiculus hyaline, whitish; pedicel rudimentary, almost none, white.
Length of spore, .00134.—Corda, Icon. IV, p. 16.

On leaves of Impatiens fulva: La Salle, Sept. 12, 1479, IT,
TTI, Sept. 14, 1586, TI, WL. JL. pallida: La Salle, Sept. 12,
1480, T.. TII., Sept. 17, 1590, IT. IIT. Jmpatiens: LaSalle,
Sept. 80, 6245, IT., II.

This species has now been found for four successive years
in the “ Lower Park,” at Deer Park, LaSalle Co., though dili-
gent search fails to discover it in any of the similar localities
in that region, nor has it been found elsewhere in the State.

P. amorphe, Curt.

II. Sori usually epiphyllous, small, few, clustered, sur-
rounded by numerous closely packed, clavate, incurved, brown
paraphyses; spores ovate or oval, minutely echinulate, 12-15 by
18-21 ». III. Amphigenous; sori small, scattered, or above
clustered and circinate; paraphyses as in II; spores much
constricted, cells globose, enveloped by a thick, hyaline, readily
separable coat, without latter, 24-30 by 42-45 «; pedicels hya-
line, fragile.

Arophigenous, sori scattered and approximate in yellow spots, sub-

rotund, black; spores compact, oval, rarely globose, constrieted in the
middle, opaque; pedicel short or none....Sporidia remarkable for a

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 177

loose, transparent, vesicular (?) epidermis, often enclosing and border-
Bee — opaque nucleus.—Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 2 Ser., Vol. VI.
p. 353.

On leaves of Amorpha fruticosa: Adams, July 11, 5503,
IL; McLean, July 29, 2289, II., III., Oct. 13, 1859; Piatt, Aug.
15, 1076, Aug. 16, 1080, II., III., Aug. 17, 1183; Lee, Sept. 9,
5765, I., UL, 5766; LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1476, IL, IIIL., Sept. 13,
1515, Sept. 14, 1535; Ogle, Sept. 25, 6162; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1772.
A. canescens: McHenry, Aug. 24, 1264, Aug. 25, 1290, Aug, 27,
1382, IT., IIT.; Lake, Aug. 27, 1345; Lee, Sept. 11, 5785; Ste-
phenson, Sept. 14, 5891; JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5915; Ogle, Sept.
22, 6097.

This is Uropyxis amorphw, Schroter; but aside from the
peculiar coating of the teleutospore there is nothing to separate
the species from Puccinia. The uredoform would have been
considered a good Lecythia, and is much like that of Melamp-
sora on willows. The teleutosori on the upper side of the leaf
are compact, the spores crowded. together. On the under side
the spores are diffusely associated in the sori.

P. pruni-spinose, Pers.

Il., I. Hypophyllous. Spots above small, scattered or
confluent, IT. yellow, IJ. purple; sori scattered, small, rounded,
teleutosori purplish brown; uredospores oblong or clavate-
elliptical, smooth, 15-18 by 32-39 »; paraphyses pedicel-like,
then -swollen at the end and often curved; teleutospores
deeply constricted, the segments often globose, easily separable
or more closely united and irregular, strongly echinulate, 21-24
by 24-39 »; pedicels hyaline, very fragile, about the length of
the spore; the paraphyses numerous, much enlarged above,
and brown.

Scattered, minute, punctiform, spores globose, twin; pedicels very
short.—Pers. Syn. Fung. p. 226.

On leaves of Prunus Americana: Lake, Aug. 29, 1361;
McHenry, Aug. 31, 1387; Lee, Sept. 9, 5799; LaSalle, Sept. 13,
1502; JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5954, Sept. 18, 5988, Sept. 19, 5994;
Ogle, Sept. 25, 6171. P. Virginiana: McLean, Aug. 6, 2290.
P. serotina: Ogle, Sept. 22, 6112, UL, IIL, Sept. 26, 6191, II.,
III.

178 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

The uredoform is Uromyces prunorum, Fckl. The shape
and attachment of the cells of the teleutospores vary. on differ-
ent hosts. On Prunus Americana the cells are nearly or quite
globular, and easily separated, while on, P. serotina they are
well joined and variable.

Nees (Syst. d. Pilze u. Schwiimme [1816]), under the
generic name of Dicwoma, separated the Puccinia species in
which the spores spontaneously-divided at the septum before
germination. P. pruni-spinose belongs to this group.

P, Peckiana, Howe.

Ill. Hypogenous. Sori small, scattered, few or many,
sometimes sparingly confluent, cinnamon-brown, powdery;
spores in one view more or less triangular, in the other, at right
angles to the first, elliptical, not constricted at segment, upper
segment triangular, with a small hyaline, obtusely rounded
apiculus, lower segment in side view somewhat quadrate, with
two basal projections, to one of which the pedicel is attached,
and the other is terminated with a hyaline apiculus similar to
that of the upper segment, 22-27 (base) by 36-45 u; pedicel
hyaline, fragile.

On Rubus villosus: Urbana, July 24, 1884, T. J. Burrill.

This may be the teleutoform of what is called Ceoma
nitens, Schw., the ‘orange rust” of the blackberry, so well
known to horticulturists. The Puccinia has also been found
on raspberry leaves in New York, and the Ceoma sometimes
occurs on the latter host. Puccinia tripustulata, Peck, is
the same species, and so admitted by the author of the latter
name.

P. tiarelle, B. & C.

III. Amphigenous. Spots small, distinct, reddish brown;
sori scattered, circular, prominent, on the petioles more or less
elongated and sometimes confluent, chestnut-brown; spores
elliptical, constricted at the septum, vertex much thickened,
and usually prominently pointed, base mostly obtusely rounded,
epispore rather thin, smooth, 12-18 hy 21-36 »; pedicel nearly
hyaline, very slender, once to twice as long as the spore.

On Mitella diphylla: Kane, Aug. 30, 1382.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 179

Thanks are due to Professor W. G. Farlow for the compa-
rison of this with original specimens.

P: proserpinace, Farlow.

IL, II. Amphigenous, but often only hypophyllous. Sori
rounded, scattered or collected in irregular groups, sometimes,
especially along the veins, confluent, rarely naked, the uredosori
surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis, the two
kinds nearly of the same color, chestnut-brown, the teleutosori
becoming grayish from the germinating filaments; uredospores
obovate, pale cinnamon-colored, epispore rather thick, sharply
echinulate, 15-21 by 24-30 »; teleutospores oblong, sometimes
narrower, usually gradually contracted at the septum, apex
thickened and rounded or pointed, epispore thin, smooth, cell
contents granular, pale brown, 15-21 by 35-52 »; pedicel nearly
hyaline, usually about half the length of the spore.

Sori round, scattered, soon becoming naked. Uredospores yellow-
ish brown, oval, echinulate, 20-26.5 » in diameter, average 22-23 ». Te-
leutospores brown, densely packed and germinating in the sorus, short-
stalked, clavate, contracted somewhat at the septum, apex rather acute,
with thickened cell wall, 38-5.3 » by 17-21 ».—Farlow, Proc. Am. Acad.
Arts & Sci., Vol. XVIII, p. 80.

On Proserpinacea palustris: Ravenswood, near Chicago,
Sept. 4, 1883. J. C. Arthur.

P. circeee, Pers.

Ill. Hypophyllous. Spots definite, purple or brown; sori
rounded, clustered, and more or less circinate; spores obiong,
slightly constricted, smooth, obtusely pointed, apex thickened,
narrowed at base, 15 by 24-66 «; pedicel somewhat colored,
equalling or exceeding the length of spore.

Scattered, wart-like, chestnut-color, spores ovate and acute.—Pers.
Syn. Fung. p. 228.

On Cirewa Lutetiana: Johnson, May 11, 4611; Adams,
June 27, 5309; McLean, July 15, 2295, July 20, 22938, 5602,
July 27, 2291, Aug. 1, 2204; Tazewell, July 22, 2292; Piatt,
Aug. 17, 1110; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1170, Aug. 22, 1204; Kane,
Aug. 30, 1879; Lee, Sept. 11, 5767; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1567,

180 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Sept. 30, 6251; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5832; JoDaviess, Sept.
15, 5917, Sept. 19. 5995; Ogle, Sept. 23,6138. C. alpina: Kane,
Aug. 380, 1380.

On Circea Lutetiana the sori are marked, while on C. al-
ping they are distinct, smaller, and often circinate.

P, pimpinelle, (Strauss) Lk.

IL, III. Amphigenous. Sori rather large, round, scat-
tered, soon naked. Uredospores globose or ovate, minutely
roughened, thick-walled, 18-21 by 24-27 «; teleutospores broad,
ends rounded, little constricted, surface roughened with mesh-
like depressions, 18-21 by 29-35 »; pedicel tyotlini fragile,
sometimes more or less lateral.

Spots obliterated, sori subrotund, scattered, amphigenous, spores
cinnamon, of two forms, ovate and obovate, short pedicelled.—Link,
Linn. Sp. Plant, VI., P. IL, p. 77.

On Osmorrhizu longistylis: Fulton, 2269, IL, II. (Wolf);
Adams, June 30, 5359. O. brevistylis: LaSalle, Sept. 29, 62381.

Peck (29 Rep. N. Y. State Mus. [1878] p. 73) mentions
without describing P. osmorrhize, C. & P.. on Osmorrhiza.
Previously (25 Regi N.Y. State Mus. [1873] p. 112) he des-
eribes P. wyrrhis, Schw. (N. Am. Fungi, [1834] p. 296) on
the same host plants. Schréter (Hedw. XIV. [1875] p. 169)
shows the latter to be the same as P. pimpinellw, Lk. (Spec.
Plant. If. [1824-25] p. 77). Winter (Rabh. Kryptog. FI. I.
[1882] p. 212) unites these two with P. chwrophylli, Purton,
(Brit. Plants III. [1821] No. 1553), and other supposed species
under the name of P. pimpinelle (Strauss). The above men-
tioned specimens collected by Wolf were identified by Peck as
P. osmorrhize, C. & P., but they agree with his description
of P. myrrhis, Schw.,and with Thiimen’s specimens, including
those of P. myrrhis, Schw. (Mycoth. Univ. No. 1327), collect-
ed in New York by Gerard, and P. charophylli, Purton, (My-
coth. Univ. No. 1229).

P. galiorum, Lk.

I. Acidia hypophyllous, small, short, reflexed at summit;
spores subglobose or broadly oval, smooth, 15-21». II. Not yet
found in Illinois. III. Amphigenous; sori usually scattered

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 181

singly on leaves and stem, round or somewhat elongated;
spores irregular, elongated, mostly oblong or clavate-ellipti-
cal, smooth, apex strongly thickened, obtuse or variously
pointed, sometimes broadly truncate, usually narrowed to the
base, 18-21 by 28-45 u; pedicels hyaline, about the length of
the spore.

On Galium concinnum: Champaign, Aug. 18, 1037; Piatt,
Aug. 15, 1062, Aug. 17, 1116; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1188, Aug.
22,1201, Aug. 23, 1237, Aug. 28, 1306; Lee, Sept. 8, 5723; La
Salle, Sept. 13, 1519, Sept. 30, 6253; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5831;
JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5955; Ogle, Sept. 23, 61374; Henry, Sept.
28, 1727; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6039. G. triflorum: Champaign,
June 9, 4935, I, IIL, June 10, 4957, 1, T.; Adams, June 27,
5308, L., IIL., June 29, 5343, I., III.

Single-celled teleutospores are rather numerously found.

P. tenuis, Burrill.

I. Hypophyllous, rarely also epiphyllous; acidia clustered
in little irregular groups or sparsely scattered, very small, short,
the narrow border irregularly lacerated and recurved; spores
subglobose, very minutely tuberculate, 14-18 ». (décidum
tenue, Sechw.) IL. Hypophyllous; spots small, often conflu-
ent, mostly yellow, with a broad blackish center; sori some-
times scattered, usually confluent, effused, slightly convex,
covered by the epidermis, dull grayish black; spores oblong-
clavate, slightly constricted, usually angular or variously con-
spicuously pointed, 15 by 40 «; pedicels hyaline or slightly
colored, half as long as the spore.

Aicidium tenue, Schw. Spots yellowish, evanescent, very small ;
peridia scattered, little elevated, but, what is peculiar, amphigenous —
closed on the upper surface, open on the lower ; spores pallid.—Schwei-
nitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 2889.

On leaves of Euputorium ageratoides: Johnson, May 11,
4612, [.; MeLean, Aug. 6, 2302; Champaign, Aug. 13, 1058;
Piatt, Aug. 17, 1103; Lake, Aug. 27, 1340.

P. Kuhnie, Schw.

Il., HI. Amphigenous; sori not prominent nor compact,
often ragged from the uneven height of the spores. II.

182 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Spores with the teleutospores, subglobose to oblong, echinulate,
yellowish brown, 16-27 by 27-30 ». JJI. Spores quite uni-
form, rounded at both ends, broad, with a very short, nearly
hyaline apiculus, and sometimes a simular projection on the
side of the lower segment, thick walled, dark colored, smooth,
30 by 444; pedicels as long as 90 u.

Spots none; sori amphigenous, pulvinate, densely aggregated,
blackish brown; spores rather large, broad, long pedicelled.—Schweinitz,
N. Am. Fungi, No. 2931, p. 296.

On Kuhnia eupatoriodes: Lee, Sept. 9, 5761, II., III.; La
Salle, Sept. 12, 1478, Sept. 14, 1542; Stephenson, Sept. 14,
5889, IT, III; Champaign, Sept. 23; McLean, Oct. 7, 1823;
Jersey, Oct. 12, 6270.

P. conoclinii, Seymour.

U., II. Mostly hypophyllous; spots small, purple, often
confluent over large areas, becoming pale; sori scattered, sparse
or very numerously associated, not often confluent, uredosori
cinnamon-brown; teleutosori dark reddish brown; uredospores
subglobose to oval, sharply echinulate, 18-27 «; teleutospores
broadly oval, little constricted, ends rounded, walls thick, warty,
27 by 32-42 »; pedicel nearly hyaline, firm, crooked, very long,
about three times the length of the spores.

On Conoelinium colestinum: Pine Hills, Union Co., Sept.
11, 5034, IT., UT. F. 8. Earle.

This is P. centaurew, DC. of Berkeley’s Notices of North
American Fungi (Grevillea III. p. 53) ascertained by examina-
tion of the original specimens in Herb. Curtis, but differs from
other authentic specimens bearing this name.

P. asteris, Duby.

III. Hypophyllous. Sori densely crowded in round, dis-
tinct, and firm clusters, the latter scattered, few or many, light
to dark brown; spores smooth, clavate, gradually narrowed to
the septum and toward the base. upper segment widest, apex
thickened, rounded or pointed, 15-18 by 83-45 «; pedicel nearly
hyaline, usually somewhat shorter than the spore.

Spots above yellowish, sori large, fuscous, orbicular and elongated,
convex, compact, and powdery, scattered, hypophyllous, surrounded by

Purasitic Pungi of Tlinois. 183

the ruptured epidermis. Stipe white, filiform, nearly equaling the
elongate elliptical spore, which is constricted in the middle, lower article
elongate-turbinate, upper obtuse, elliptical or ovate-globose.—Duby,
Botanicon Gallicum, Vol. II. p. 888.

On leaves of Aster shortii: McLean, July 15, 2308 and
2309, Aug. +, 2307, Aug. 6, 2306. 4. sagittifolius: McLean,
July 7, 2313 and 2315, July 12. 2319, July 15, 2315, July 16,
2316, July 29, 2318, Aug. 1, 2320, Aug. 4, 2310, Aug. 6, 2311,
2312, Oct. 19, 1894; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6141; Fulton, Oct. 3, 1787.
A. nviser: McLean, Oct. 11, 1833. A. Nove-Anglie: McLean,
July 25, 2314; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5836. Aster sps.: McLean,
July 7, 23828, July 14, 5537, July 17, 5581, Oct. 6.1797; Adams.
July 10, 5455; Tazewell, July 22, 2321 and 2322; Piatt, Aug.
16, 1083, Aug. 17, 11238; McHenry, Aug. 24, 1269, Aug. 31,
1388.

There is no apparent reason for keeping separate the vari-
able forms known as P. asteris, Schw., and P. Gerardi, Peck.
On A. sagittifolius both are found on the same leaf in several
instances. The younger more rapidly grown specimens are
lighter colored, and there are all degrees of distinctness and
confluence of the sori. When on thin leaves the spots quickly
die, the spores are very poorly developed, light-colored, thin-
walled, and very fragile. In other cases the sori are somewhat
circinate in arrangement and not crowded. The central and
older ones are covered with the epidermis, the outer, younger,
and lighter brown ones burst through and are thus naked. Sori
very rarely occur on the upper side of the leaf. On Aster Nori-
Angliw the spores are better developed, plumper, stronger,
darker brown, yet on dead spots are the opposite. Here the
sori are usually much scattered, not collected in clusters.
Sometimes on thin leaves of several species, dead spots soon fall
out, leaving more or less rounded holes.

Again, Schweinitz'’s name (N. Am. Fungi [1834] p. 296)
is untenable, having been previously used by Duby (Bot. Gall.
[1828-30] p. 888). For this reason the name P. Gerardii,
much more recently given by Peck (25 Rep. N. Y. State Mus.
[1870] p. 91) should be adopted if either. But there is a fur-
ther question, whether or not the American specimens are spe-
cifically distinct from those of Europe. Three names have heen

14

841 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

given to the latter, P. Asteris, Duby, P. T'ripolii, Wallr. (Flora
Crypt. Germ. [1831-3] II. p. 223), and P. Astevis, Fckl. (Symb.
Mycol. [1875] p. 53), which have been pronounced synonyms
by several botanists, and from the material and descriptions at
hand it is impossible to separate from these the American
forms. Schréter (Hedw. XIV. [1875] p. 169), after an exam-
ination of original specimens, confidently declares that the
forms are specifically identical. Cooke (Grevillea III. [1875],
p. 169) seems to regard Schweinitz’s species as distinct from
the European plant, though not supposing P. Gerardii, Peck,
specifically different from the former. After careful compari-
son of specimens, all are here referred, as may be seen, to the
species called Puccinia Asteris by Duby.

P. silphii, Schw.

III. Hypogenous; spots scabious, numerous, scattered,
concave, with a raised rim; sori very prominent, wart-like, com-
pact, dull grayish brown; spores irregular, oblong-clavate, con-
spicuously and angularly pointed, firm, dark colored, but not
thick walled, smooth, contents granular, 13 by 40 «; pedicel
tinted, firm, about the length of the spore. The leaves are
often thickly spotted and scarred by the fungus, and large
patches of sori occur also on the stems.

Spots rather small, purple; sori thick, pulvinate, confluent, aggre-
gated, black; spores compact, of uniform color.—Schweinitz N. Am.
Fungi, No. 2929, p. 296.

On Silphium terebinthinaceum: McLean, June 28, 5275.
S. integrifolium :McLean, June 23, 5276, July 14, 5536, July 16,
2338, July 26, 2382; Champaign, Aug. 18, 1039; McHenry,
Aug. 26, 1822, Aug. 27, 1837, Aug. 31, 1389, Sept. 1, 1408; La-
Salle, Sept. 16, 1558. SS. perfoliatum: McLean, May 380, 4823;
June 19, 5265, July 17,5579; Adams, June 30, 53868; McHenry,
Aug. 24, 1272; Lee, Sept. 9, 5763.

P. xanthii, Schw.

JIL. Hypophyllous. Sori small, mostly closely clustered
in spots or patches; spores smooth, oblong, evidently constrict-
ed, apex slightly thickened, round, or beak-like, 15-21 by
36-514; pedicel slightly colored, usually shorter than spore.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 185

On leaves of Ambrosia trifida: McLean, J uly 5, 2388, July
29, 2336, Aug. 4, 2384; Champaign, Aug. 12, 1066; Piatt, Aug.
17, 1109; Fulton, Oct. 8, 1734. Xanthiwm strumarium: Me-
Lean, July 4, 2387, July 6, 2337, July 11, 2388, July 14, 5538;
July 29, 2385, Oct. 6, 1796; Tazewell, July 22, 2386; Cham-
paign, Aug. 18, 1041; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1128; McHenry, Aug.
22, 1205; Lee, Sept. 8, 5719; LaSalle, June 19, 5236, Sept. 12,
1477; JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5985; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1611;
Union, Oct. 21, 1932, Oct. 25, 1993 and 2004; Pulaski, Nov. 4,
2249.

In the specimens on Ambrosia the spores are somewhat
thinner walled and more rounded than in those on Xanthium,
but the difference is slight.

P. tanaceti, DC.

II, II. Amphigenous. Sori mostly rather large, scat-
tered, often sprinkled over the entire leaf; uredospores globose
to ovate, echinulate, 21-24 by 27-32 »; teleutospores variable,
broadly oblong to broadly oval with rounded ends, usually lit-
tle constricted, smooth, or sometimes warty towards the apex,
the latter thickened or not, 21-27 by 34-60 ; pedicel hyaline,
very long, two to four times the length of the spore.

On leaves of Helianthus annuus: Piatt, Aug. 10, 1006;
Lake, Aug. 22, 1206, L., II.; Kane, Aug. 30, 1866, I., II.; Cook,
Sept. 8, 1468, I., I.; Rock, Island, Sept. 27, 1601. H. rigidus:
McLean, July 26, 2297, Oct. 11, 1831; Piatt, Aug. 10, 1004;
LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1491, Sept. 14, 1539, Sept. 16, 1557, Sept. 20,
1598. H. mollis: Marion, Oct. 20, 1902. H. decapetalus: Mc-
Lean, Aug. 4, 2299, Oct. 6, 1799. Helianthus sps.: Adams,
June 30, 5361, II.; McLean, July 15, 2301, July 29, 2800, II.,
IIL, Oct. 6, 1798, Oct. 7, 1822, Oct. 11, 1837, Oct. 18, 1871;
Champaign, Aug. 18, 1038; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1129; McHenry,
Sept. 20, 1160; Kane, Aug. 30, 1365; Cook, Sept. 5, 14387; Lee,
Sept. 11, 5784; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1496, Sept. 14, 1541, Sept. 17,
1565; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5835, I., IIL, 5844, IL, TL.; Jo-
Daviess, Sept. 15, 5916, II., III.; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6146, IIL;
Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1612, II., III., Sept. 26, 1665, Sept. 27,
1675; Henry, Sept. 28, 1723; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1766, Oct. 3, 1738;
Jersey, Oct. 13, 6291; Union, Oct. 21, 1904, Oct. 28, 2097.

186 Lilinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Var. Vernonie.

Amphigenous; spots small, purple, with a pale yellow bor-
der, or yellow only, sometimes indistinct: sori scattered, sub-
rotund, prominent, blackish brown or black; spores oblong-
elliptical, mostly regularly rounded at the ends, slightly con-
stricted, a central nucleus in each cell, 20 by 42 «; pedicel
hyaline, about four times as long as the spore. Uredospores
preceding or accompanying the teleutospores, not numerous,
subglobose, sharply echinulate, about 25 » in diameter.

On Vernonia fasciculata: Champaign, Aug. 11, 1014;
Piatt, Aug. 16, 1094, Aug. 17, 1098, 1102; McLean, Sept. 6,
5670, Oct. 12, 1844, 1850; LaSalle, Sept. 14, 1527, Sept. 30,
6254; JoDaviess, Sept. 19, 5996.

Schweinitz (N. Am. Fungi, No. 2926) calls this form P.
Vernoniv, and describes it as follows:

“Spots none. Differing from P. helianthi in the rather large pulvinate
sori, and the delicate ferruginous color of the spores. It sometimes oc-
curs also on species of Helianthus.”

But the gradation of forms between this and the typical
P. helianthi leaves no sufficient ground for specific distinction.
Further, P. helivnthi seems to be P. tanaceti, DC. Winter
(Rabh. Krypt., Fl. I, p. 209) unites the two, while Schréter
(Hedw. XIV., p. 180) maintains that they are distinct, basing
his arguments on distribution. The size, shape, and color of the
spores vary greatly, but areso connected by intermediate forms
that no specific distinction can be founded on these character-
istics. Cultures are necessary to determine such distinction if
there is any. In the meantime, so long as we are unable to
recognize a difference by appearance, there can be no question
as to which name to choose, even though this carries us against
common usage and our own habit.

P. flosculosorum, (Alb. & Schw.) Roehl.

I, I. Amphigenous. Sori small, scattered or in small
clusters. Uredospores subglobose, sharply echinulate, mostly
rather thick walled, 24-30 «; teleutospores broadly elliptical or
oval, constriction little or none, rarely thickened at the apex,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 187

usually furnished with punctiform to wart-like projections,
18-25 by 30-45 u; pedicels hyaline, fragile, not usually longer
_ than the spore.

Uredo flosculosorum, Alb. & Schw. Uredo black, sori scattered,
minute, subrotund, pulvinate, powder rather loose, spores unequal,
subcaudate.— Albertini and Schweinitz, Conspect. Fung. p. 128.

On Cirsium discolor: Adams, J uly 6, 5425, II. C. lanceo-
latum: LaSalle, June 19, 5237, IL., Sept. 29, 6241, IT., IIL;
Tazewell, July 22, 2410, IT., Lee, Sept. 8, 5718, II.; Stephen-
son, Sept. 14, 5890, II.; JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5986, II., IIL;
Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1608, II., IIT. Sept. 24, 1645, II., IIT.,
Sept. 26, 1663, IT., IIL, Sept. 27, 1674, IL, IIL; Ogle, Sept. 23,
6149, II.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1770, IL, ITT., McLean, Oct. 6, 1794,
II., IIL, Oct. 12, 1841, IL, III., 1848, ID., IIL, Oct. 13, 1858,
IT., IIL., Oct. 18, 1890, IT., IIT.; Champaign, Nov. 9, 2389, II.,
JIL., Nov. 12, 2390. Taraxacum dens-leonis : McLean, May
20, 4776, H., May 20, 4828, IL., July 6, 2391, IL, July 16, 2392,
II., July 25, 2393, IL., Oct. 11, 1835, IL; Champaign, June 8,
4902, II., Nov. 7, 2277, IL, IIT.; LaSalle, June 19, 5229, IT.,
Sept. 14, 1540; Adams, July 7, 5447, IL, July 11, 5501, IL;
McHenry, Aug. 22, 1218, II.; Boone, Sept. 2, 1419, IL; Ste-
phenson, Sept. 13, 5828, II.; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1613, IT.,
Sept. 24, 1653, II. Hieraciwm Canadense: McHenry, Aug. 20,
1197; Boone, Sept. 2, 1426; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5833, II.,
IIT.; Ogle, Sept. 28, 6130, II., ILI.; LaSalle, Sept. 30, 6256, IT.,
Ill.

Under this species are included the forms that have been
known on Cirsium as P. cirsii, Lasch., and P. compositarum,
Schl., on Taruxacum as P. variabilis, Grev., and on Hieracinm
as P. hieracii, Mart. The teleutospores of American specimens
are very minutely warty, or apparently smooth, agreeing with
Winter's remarks on this species in Hedwigia, XIX., p. 20.
Nearly or quite all the specimens on Cirsium (except No. 2410)
present both uredo- and teleutoforms, but on T'araracum teleu-
tospores are found only in specimens collected late in the sea-

son (No. 2277).

188 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

P. maculosa, Schw.

III. Amphigenous. Sori scattered or regularly collected
in definite circinate clusters, often appearing on both sides of
the leaf over the same area, cinnamon-brown; spores clavate-
oblong, thin walled, fragile, smooth, much constricted, upper
segment widest, apex thickened, rounded or variously pointed,
base narrowed to the pedicel, 15-18 by 30-45 «; pedicel hya-
line, usually less in length than the spore.

On Cynthia Virginica: Johnson, May 16, 4709.

Schweinitz (Syn. Fungi Am. Bor., p. 295, No. 2922,) refers
this species to P. maculosa, Strauss; but the latter is P. pre-
nanthis (Schum.), and is very different from the present species.

P. lobeliz, Gerard.

III. Mostly hypophyllous. Sori small, scattered or irreg-
ularly and rather loosely clustered, cinnamon-brown; spores
oblong, smooth, thin walled, very deeply constricted, fragile,
segments equal, or the lower narrower, 15-18 by 30-39 »; ped-
icel very fragile, shorter than the spore.

Sori minute, scattered or confluent, tawny brown; spores oblong-
elliptical, slightly constricted at the septum and easily separating into
two parts, pale, .0013-.0016 in. long; pedicel short or obsolete.—Peck,
XXVI. Rep. N. Y. Mus., p. 77.

On Lobelia syphilitica: Adams, July 7, 5444; McLean,
Aug. 6, 2308, Sept. 6, 5669; LaSalle, Sept. 18, 1517, Sept. 17,
1566; JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6026. L. puberula: Johnson, May
18, 4710; Union, Aug. 18.

This is P. microsperma, B. & C. in Grevillea III, p. 55.
The sori are usually more densely aggregated on L. puberula,
but there is no other difference.

P. seymeria, Burrill.

III. Hypophyllous, and on stems and calyces. Spots
definite, dark-colored; sori rather large, mostly crowded in con-
spicuous circular clusters a fifth of an inch in diameter, these
sometimes confluent, dark brown; spores elliptical or oval, lit-
tle constricted, obtusely rounded at the ends, smooth, wall firm,
brown, 15-21 by 30-86 »; pedicel hyaline, broad, persistent,
twice as long as the spore.

°

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 189

On Seymeria macrophylla: McLean, July 29, 2304, 2305,
Sept. 2; Champaign, July 31; Union, Aug. 16.

This is perhaps near, P. veronice (Schum.), from which it
differs in the size of the sori, the shape of the spores, and espe-
cially in the stout persistent pedicels. In the form of P. veron-
ice with persistent pedicels, the spores are oblong to spindle-
form, as well as furnished with a thickened apex.

P. lateripes, B. & R.

II., I. Amphigenous. Sori usually small, round or an-
gular, scattered, or sometimes irregularly clustered; uredospores
subglobose, strongly echinulate, 16-21 by 21-24 »; teleuto-
spores broadly oval, little constricted, ends rounded, segments
nearly equal, surface minutely roughened, 20-22 by 25-32 »;
pedicel hyaline, once to twice the length of the spore, usually
more or less laterally produced.

Spots yellow or quite obsolete; sori scattered; spores short, ohtuse
at either end, almost horizontal, with a long, lateral, flexuous stem.—
Berkeley, Grevillea III., p. 52.

On Ruellia ciliosa: Lee, Sept. 9, 5762; Rock Island, Sept.
26, 1662; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6183; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6269; Union,
Oct. 22, 1958, IL, IT]. &. strepens: LaSalle, Sept. 14, 1529;
Jersey, Oct. 13, 6292, Oct. 14, 63810; Union, Oct. 31, 2150, IT.,
TIT; Champaign, Oct. 31, 6378.

This occurs on both sides of the leaf and also on the stem.
Uredospores occur sparingly among the teleutospores. Those
on R. ciliosa are globose, slightly echinulate, 22 » in diameter;
and the teleutospores 21-22 by 30-32 ». The pedicels attain a
length of 35 u, but are easily broken. The uredospores on R.
strepens are subglobose, 16-18 by 21; the teleutospores are
smaller, darker colored and firmer, and the pedicel longer and
less easily broken, size 19-21 by 25-28 u; and the pedicels reach
a length of 75 wu. ; -

P. menthe, Pers.

I. Acidia irregularly clustered upon dark-colored more
or less swollen spots on the leaves and stems, round, or on the

190 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

latter usually much elongated and often confluent, erect, short,
irregularly split, not recurved; spores elliptical or ovate-oblong,
minutely echinulate, 15-18 by 22-28 «.

II., III. Hypogenous. Spots yellow or brown, often con-
spicuous, frequently confluent; sori scattered, round, rather
large, uredosori yellowish brown, flat, teleutosori blackish,
prominent; uredospores subglobose or ovate, minutely echinu-
late, thin walled, about 18-21 by 21-24 »; teleutospores short,
broadly ovate or broadly oval, somewhat constricted, ends
rounded, furnished with a short, obtuse, almost hyaline, apic-
ulus, surface beset with minute warts, 21-27 »; pedicel hyaline,
once to twice length of spore.

Scattered, punctiform, obscurely spadiceous, spores subquadrangu-
lar; pedicel very short.—Persoon Syn. Fung., p. 227.

On leaves of Mentha Canadensis: Ogle, Sept. 25, 6169, IL.,
II. Mentha sps : Lee, Sept. 27, 6206, IL, II]. Crnila Mari-
ana: Johnson, May 11, 4620, I., II., May 12, 4652, IT., May 15,
4690, 1., TI., TIL, May 16, 4707, IL, 4711, IL; IIL., Jersey, Oct.
12, 6268, IL, IIL, Oct. 18, 6293, IT., III.; Union, Oct. 25, 2009,
IL, WI. Pycnanthenum pilosum: Adams, July 6, 5486, IL.,
July 7, 5446, I. P. lanceolatum: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1163,
II., III.; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5837, IL., III.; JoDaviess, Sept.
15, 5918, Il., III. P. linifolium: Jersey, Oct. 12, 6267, IL.,
TIL. Monarda fistulosa: Johnson, May 12, 4653, II., May 15,
4691, II.; Adams, June 28, 5322, I1., June 30, 5369, IL., III.,
July 5, 5419, IL, UL; McLean, July 11, 2394, IL, July 15,
2395, IL., July 16, 2396, I., July 17, 5578, II., I; McHenry,
Aug. 20, 1180, I., IIL, Aug. 24, 1285, II., IIL; Lake, Aug. 27,
1357, II., TIL., Aug. 29, 1367, IT., IIL; Lee, Sept. 8, 5722, IT.,
III.; Stephenson, Sept. 13,5799, IL., I[L.; Rock Island, Sept. 21,
1610, IL., IIL, Sept. 26, 1664, II., II., Sept. 27, 1672; Fulton,
Oct. 1, 1769, IL., III.; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6265, I., IIT.; Cham-
paign, Nov. 7, 2276. M. Bradburiana: Johnson, May 11,
4619, I; Jersey, Oct. 18, 6294, I, TU. M. punctata: Cook,
Sept. 3, IL., II., coll. J. C. Arthur; Lee, Sept. 11, 5782, IT.
Blephilia hirsuta: Pulaski, May 2, 4443, Il., May 5, 4494, IT.,
Johnson, May 11, 4618, IT.; Adams, June 28, 5323, IL.; Me-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 191

Lean, July 20, 2494, IL., 5604, IL, Aug. 1, 2493, IL, Aug. 6,
2495, IL., Oct. 18, 1876, IT., Oct. 19, 1895, IT., Stephenson, Sept.
21, 6065, IT., III. *

The xcidium form is not usually present, but occurs on
the same host with IT. and III., both of which are abundant.

The American form differs from the European in having
the teleutospores echinulate, and has been called var. Amevi-
cana. On Blephilia hirsuta the parasite is plainly different
from the type. The sori more frequently have a circular ar-
rangement around one evidently older, the epidermis is later
rupturing, and afterwards is less apparent as a border; the
spores are much lighter colored, and the epispore is thinner.
This is the uredoform. The teleutospores seem to be rarely
developed.

P. glechomatis, DC.

III. Hypogenous; spots small, distinct, at first light yel-
low, soon becoming blackish and breaking out, leaving more or
less circular holes; sori usually closely clustered, often some-
what circinating, rarely scattered, ferruginous brown; spores
subelliptical, very variable, sometimes obtusely rounded, but
often conspicuously pointed above or below, oblong-elliptical,
light-colored, 18 by 31 4; pedicel hyaline, fragile, nearly as
long as the spore.

P. hyssopi, Schw. Spots lutescent, effuse; sori aggregated, compact,
tawny, somewhat circinate and undulately confluent, at first blackish,

small, but occurring copiously on the leaves. Spores tawny, becoming
loose.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 2944, p. 296.

On leaves of Lophanthus nepetoides: Kane, Aug. 30, 1370,
1383; Lee, Sept. 8, 5721; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5829.

This is P. glechome, DC. (FI. Fr., VI. p. 55), and P. hys-
sopi, Schw.

P. plumbaria, Peck.

III. Amphigenous. Sori scattered on stems and leaves,
small or large, sometimes confluent, covered until late with the
more or less fissured and peculiar lead-colored epidermis, when
naked dark reddish brown, powdery; spores irregular, broad,

192 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

mostly broadly ovate, obovate or elliptical, little constricted,
apex usually slightly thickened or apiculate, smooth or minute-
ly roughened, 21-25 by 32-50 », commonly about 39 » long;
pedicel hyaline, rather fragile, from less than one to one and a
half times the length of the spore, sometimes more or less lat-
eral,

Spots brown and indefinite, sometimes none; sori mostly hypo-
phyllous, sometimes amphigenous, orbicular, oblong or irregular, scat-
tered or crowded, sometimes confluent, prominent, at first covered by
the epidermis and then of a peculiar lead-color, blackish when exposed ;
spores obovate or elliptical, obtuse, slightly constricted at the septum,
minutely rough, .0012-.0016 of an inch long, .0008-.001 of an inch broad,
the pedicel very short, colorless.— Peck, Bot. Gaz., Vol, VI., p. 228.

On Phlox divaricata: Adams, June 80, 5358.

The description by Peck is from specimens collected in
Utah. During the same year, but believed to be later, DeThi-
men sent out Century XXI of his Mycotheca Universalis, con-
taining, with No. 32, a description, with specimens from Idaho,
on Gilia, under the name of P. Wilcoxiana. By comparison
of authentic specimens these prove to be specifically indistin-
guishable, as well as those of Ellis’ North American Fungi,
No. 1044—however, the latter bears the varietal name of
phlogina. This last has a different nuclear spot in each seg-
ment, and the epispore is more distinctly roughened. The IIli-
nois specimens on Phlox are very nearly smooth, and do not
have this round segmental spot, hence are more like the typi-
cal specimens of Peck in these respects. They are somewhat
more irregular in shape than any of the others, and the pedicel
more often obliquely produced.

P. convolvuli, Cast.

I. Hypogenous. Spots small, distinct, or sparingly con-
fluent, brown; ecidia irregularly clustered or sometimes subcir-
cinate, short, small, pseudoperidium fragile, becoming powdery
soon after opening, spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thin,
tuberculate, 16-18 by 18-25 »; spermagonia few, central, above.
(Aicidium calystegie, Desm., 4’. dubium, Clint.)

Il., IJ. Amphigenous, more common beneath; sori
rounded or angular, long covered by the epidermis; uredosori

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 193

light brown, naked teleutosori black; uredospores subglobose,
finely echinulate, 18-21 by 21-30 u; teleutospores clavate-obo-
vate, constricted, obtusely rounded above, but sometimes hav-
ing a thickened and angular apex, narrowed below to the thick
pedicel, smooth, 22-27 by 42-54 x; pedicel stout, colored,
shorter than spore.

On leaves of Calystegia sepium: Champaign, June 8, 4914,
I, Aug. 11, 1018, IL, I1I.; LaSalle, June 21, 5254, L, II., Sept.
12, 1486, IT., IIT., Sept. 16, 1556, IT., Sept. 17, 1564; Fulton, L.,
coll. J. Wolf; McLean, July 6, 2452, II., July 7, 2898, II., July
12, 2400, II., July 15, 5561, IL, WL, July 20, 2397, IL, July
25, 2899, IT., 2401, II., Aug. 1, 2408, IT., Oct. 6, 1795, IL., IIL;
Piatt, Aug. 17, 1101, 1I.; McHenry, Aug. 28, 1248, II.; Lake,
Aug. 29, 1362, II.; Kane, Aug. 30,1372; Boone, Sept. 2, 1424;
Lee, Sept. 8, 5717, II., TIL, Sept. 9, 5764, IL, ITI.; JoDaviess,
Sept. 18, 5984, IT., III.; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6110, II., IJI.; Rock
Island, Sept. 24, 1652, IT., IIL, Sept. 27, 1677.

While covered by the epidermis the sori have a livid hue,
and this condition usually lasts some time.

P. gentiana, (Strauss) Lk.

II, III. Epiphyllous or amphigenous. Spots none; sori
scattered, often rather large, long or even persistently covered
by the epidermis; uredospores subglobose or oval, sharply echin-
ulate, thick walled, rather dark brown, 18-24 by 21-27 »; te-
leutospores very broadly oval, sometimes almost subglobose,
little constricted, apex slightly thickened or somewhat apicu-
late, each segment often showing asmall nuclear spot, smooth,
21-380 by 30-37 »; pedicel hyaline, fragile, usually crooked,
about twice the length of the spore.

On Gentiana puberula: Lee, Sept. 11, 5786, II., IIT.; Sept.
27, 6202, IL., II.

The teleutospores are quite often single celled.

P. polygoni-amphibii, Pers.

II., III. Amphigenous. Sori small, round or angular, in
a circle about a larger sorus, or irregularly collected in small
clusters, long covered by the epidermis, often very numerous;

194 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

uredospores subglobose: or oval, sharply echinulate, 18-22 by
21-27 »; teleutospores clavate or clavate-obovate, constricted,
apex more or less strongly thickened, truncate, obtuse or vari-
ously pointed, narrowed below to the rather thick pedicel,
smooth, wall rather thin, 12-21 by 33-54 »; pedicel somewhat
colored, short, half the length of the spore.

Opaque, spadiceous, depressed, spores oblong-ovate, narrowed into
a slender pedicel.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 227.

On leaves of Polygonum amphibium: Champaign, July 24;
McHenry, Aug. 25, 1291, IL, IIL, Aug. 26, 1814, IT., 1331,
2404, IL, IIL; Lake, Aug. 27, 1844, IL, IIL, 1347, II.; Kane,
Aug. 80, 1871; Cook, Sept. 5, 1489; Lee, Sept. 9, 5758, IT., III;
Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5800, IJ., IL., Sept. 21, 6062, IL, N1.,
6063, II., III.; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1560, Sept. 19, 1593, Sept. 28,
6224, IL., III.; JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6013, II., III, 6014, IL,
TIL; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6111, II., TII.; Henry, Sept. 28, 1703, IL,
IIL; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1788. P. Virginianum: Rock Island,
Sept. 26; Adams, July 14, coll. C. A. Hart.

The pedicels of the uredospores are long, and appear in the
sori of both states like paraphyses, but the teleutosorus not fol-
lowing in a uredo sorus has none of them.

There is some question about the identity of the Puccinia
on Polygonum Virginianum. The sori are similar, but the te-
leutospores are more irregular in shape, the apex more com-
monly truncate, the epispore thinner, and the cell contents of
different appearance. But there does not seem to be sufficient
reason to separate this as a species or even named variety.

Uredoforms have been collected on Polygonum acre and P.
Pennsylvanicam, without, however, the teleutoform. On the
former host the appearance is much like those described, but
on the latter the pedicels of the spores are stronger and more
persistent.

P. aletridis, B. & C.

IL, III. Amphigenous. Sori rather small, scattered, often
very numerous; uredosori somewhat prominent, powdery, cin-
namon-brown, teleutosori little raised, long covered by the epi-
dermis, blackish; uredospores subglobose or oval, sharply echin-
ulate, wall thick, 18-24 by 21-27 u; teleutospores clavate, ob-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 195

long or elliptical, abruptly and rather deeply constricted, apex
thickened and mostly narrowed to a rounded point, lower seg-
ment usually longer and narrowed to the pedicel, surface
smooth, 12-21 by 30-50 «; pedicel hyaline, usually less than
the length of the spore, but sometimes longer.

On Aletris farinosa: Millers, Indiana, near the Illinois
line, July 4, 5592, IL, E. J. Hill. It probably occurs in Illi-
nois.

P. smilacis, Schw.

IL, III. Hypogenous. Spots small, numerous, brick-red;
sori scattered or irregularly cireinate, punctiform or elonga-
ted, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, and by a row of short
club-shaped paraphyses. IJ. Spores oval, slightly echinulate,
pale, 21-27 «, on fragile pedicels. IIL. Spores broadly ellipti-
cal, conspicuously constricted, upper segment considerably
rounded or obtusely pointed, often narrowing below to the
pedicel, dark colored, smooth, 21 by 36-42 u«; pedicel thick,
tinted, as long as the lower segment.

On leaves of Smilax hispida: Union, Oct. 24, 1968, IT.,
TIT., Oct. 29, 2120, IL, Nov. 4, 2275, IL, IL.; Pulaski, Nov. 4,
2238, IL., IL. .

P. caricis, (Schum.) Rebent.

IL, III. Hypogenons. Sori more or less elongated, vari-
able, scattered, often very numerous and conspicuous, the rup-
tured epidermis ragged and long adherent, uredosori cinnamon-
brown, teleutosori black; uredospores globose, subglobose, or
sometimes elongated, conspicuously but not sharply echinulate,
18-24 by 21-27 wu; teleutospores cuneate, little constricted,
much thickened and obtusely rounded or almost truncate above,
and narrowed to the pedicel, smooth, 15-20 by 33-45; pedicel
hyaline or nearly so, one half to once the length of the spore.

On Carer sps.: Union, April 17, 4141, I.; Pulaski, May
1, 4405, ID, 4406, II., May 2, 4447, Il, May 5, 4511, IL;
Champaign, June 10, 4960, II: Adams, June 27, 5311, IL,
July 11, 5504, II.; McLean, July 15, 2827, UL, July 20, 5608,
IL. III., Aug. 1, 2325, Aug. 4, 2326, Aug. 6, 2413, Sept. 6, 5667,

196 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

IL, UI., Oct. 19, 1893, II., III.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1158, Aug..
23, 1252, Aug. 26, 1827, 1828; Kane, Aug. 30, 1369, IT., IIT;
JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5921, II., III., Sept. 16, 5956, IT., IIL;
Ogle, Sept. 22, 6115, IT., IIL; Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1646,
Sept. 27, 1676, 1680; Fulton, Oct. 3, 1733. Dulichium spatha-
ceum: McHenry, Aug. 25, 1311; Cook, Sept. 5, 1438, Sept. 8,
1467, IT., II.

Uredo Caricis, Schum. (Enum. Plant. Saell. II. [1803],
p- 281), Puccinia caricis, Rebent. Fl. Neom. [1804], P. cari-
cina, DC. (FI. Frane. VI. [1815], p. 60).

On Dulichium spathaceum the uredospores are smaller and
often elliptical to oblong, 12-15 by 15-21 «; the teleutospores
are variable, more often truncate.

P. obtecta, Peck.

II., III. Amphigenous. Sori scattered or irregularly clus-
tered, often crowded, oblong or more or less circular, long cov-
ered by the epidermis, which at length becomes simply cracked
or raggedly torn; uredospores elliptical or obovate-oblong, wall
rather thick, minutely echinulate, pedicel rather persistent,
15-20 by 21-30 »; teleutospores elliptical, somewhat constrict-
ed, apex thickened, obtusely rounded or variously produced and
pointed, usually narrowed below, often without septum, smooth,
18-20 by 45-60 »; pedicel short, not usually more than half
the length of the spore, deeply tinted.

On Scirpus validus: McLean, July; Fulton, coll. J. Wolf.

P. angustata, Peck.

II., II. Hypogenous. Sori oblong or linear, often arranged
in long parallel rows or confluent in long lines, blackish, the
remains of the ruptured epidermis persistent; uredospores sub-
globose to elliptical, thin walled, sharply echinulate, 16-21 by
21-80 »; teleutospores narrow, clavate or elongate-parallel,
somewhat constricted, apex much thickened, often beak-like,
narrowed below to and with the pedicel, 15-21 by 45-60 p;
pedicel colored, less than one half to once the length of the
spore.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 197

Hypogenous; spots pallid or none; sori oblong or linear, sometimes
regularly arranged at equal intervals in long parallel lines, narrow, sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, black; spores narrow, oblong-cla-
vate or elongated, septate above the middle, strongly constricted, having
the lower cell more narrow than the upper, and cylindrical or slightly
tapering downwards, .0018-.0024 in. long, ‘0006 in. broad; peduncle
colored, thick, very short.—Peck, XXV. Rep. N. Y. Mus., p. 123.

On leaves of Scirpus atrovirens: Piatt, Aug. 16, 1093;
Cook, Sept. 5, 1451.

P. windsoriz, Schw.

IL., III. Hypogenous, occasionally somewhat amphige-
nous. Sori small, little elevated, irregularly scattered, very
numerous, sparingly confluent, linear or oblong, soon naked,
the ruptured epidermis scarcely evident; uredospores subglo-
bose or obovate, epispore medium thick, sharply echinulate,
rather deep brown, 18-24 »; teleutospores broadly elliptical or
obovate, slightly or not at all constricted at the septum, mostly
obtusely rounded at the ends, upper segment mostly larger,
vertex slightly thickened, smooth, 18-21 by 27-89 »; pedicel
about the length of the spore or shorter, stout, rather deeply
colored.

On Muhlenbergia: Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5834, II., IIT.

P. graminis, Pers.

I. Hypogenous. Spots definite, usually small, purple,
somewhat thickened; xcidia irregularly crowded, or sometimes
circinate, short, border narrow, numerously lacerated, little re-
curved; spores subglobose or angular, epispore thin, minutely
tuberculate, contents fine-granular, 11-16 #; spermagonia mi-
nute, elustered, not usually numerous, opposite the zcidia.

II., Amphigenous. Sori linear, on the leaves short and
scattered, on the leaf-sheaths often confluent in long lines,
orange-yellow; spores narrowly obovate or elliptical, epispore
thick, strongly echinulate, 18-21 by 27-36 z.

III. Sori linear to elliptical, often confluent in long lines,
mostly on the leaf-sheaths, rather prominent, soon naked, black;
spores clavate or narrowly elliptical, mostly somewhat con-
stricted, vertex strongly thickened, often pointed but some-

108 Litinois State Laboratory of Natural Iistory.

times rounded, narrowed below to the pedicel, smooth, chest-
nut-brown, 15-21 by 36-60 »; pedicel firm, colored, about the
length of the spore, sometimes shorter.

Sori, dense, linear, blackish, spores subturbinate, constricted in the
middle.—Persoon, Syn. Fung,, p. 228,

On culms, sheaths and leaves of cereals and grasses. On
wheat: McLean, July 11, 2335 and 2348, July 12, 2341, July
15, 2339; Tazewell, July 22, 2340; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1134; Me-
Henry, Aug. 20, 1145, Aug. 22, 1224; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1773.
Oats: McLean, July 11, 23884, July 12, 2832 and 2333; Taze-
well, July 22, 2329, 2330 and 2331; Champaign, Aug. 13, 1029
and 1033; Piatt, Aug. 15,1063; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1144, Aug,
26, 1323; Fulton, Oct. 1,1774. Agrostis vulgaris: McHenry,
Aug. 24, 1275, Aug. 26, 1824; LaSalle, Sept. 18, 1521; JoDa-
viess, Sept. 18, 5987; Rock Island, Sept. 27, 1673; Fulton, Oct.
3,1732; McLean, Oct. 4, 1760; Union, Oct. 21,1905. Hor-
deum jubatum: McLean, July 11, 2346, July 17, 5580, IT., TL;
July 19, 5598, IL, II.; McHenry, Aug. 23, 1231, Aug. 25,
1307, Aug. 26, 1316, Aug. 31,1392; Rock Island, Sept. 26, 1661.

As here identified a variable species, though some forms
often formerly included are specifically separated. under the
names P. emaculata, P. windsoriv, and P. andropogi. The
description is made from specimens on wheat. On Agrostis
the teleutospores are sometimes nearly typical (No. 1732), in
other cases they vary much in shape and thickness ofthe epis-
pore —shorter, rounder and thinner for the most part on Nos.
1275, 1603, and especially 1905. The uredo is very character-
istic in all.

P. phragmites, (Schum.) Kornicke.

IL, TIL. Amphigenous. Sori scattered, very prominent,
mostly rather large, elliptical, somewhat powdery, soon naked,
the remains of the ruptured epidermis not usually visible; ure-
dospores elliptical, epispore very thick, strongly tuberculate,
without paraphyses, 18-21 by 27-32 u; teleutospores elliptical
or oblong, somewhat but not abruptly constricted, vertex a lit-
tle thickened and rounded or obtusely pointed, smooth, pale
brown, 18-22 by 37-60; pedicel very long, three to four times

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 199

the length of the spore, rather slender but firm, slightly tinted.

On Spartina cynosuroides: McLean, J uly 20, 2348, Oct. 11,
1829; Lake, Aug. 27, 1346; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1771. Phragmites
communis: McHenry, Aug. 26, 1325; Kane, Aug. 30, 1368.
Andropogon furcatus: Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1648. A. scopa-
rius: JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5920.

This species was first described as Uredo Phragmitis by
Schumacher (Enum. Plant. Saell. II. [1803] p. 281), and his
description shows that his Uredo was that of this species, if,
indeed, he had not the teleutoform. Hedwig next described it
as Puccinia arundinacea, which description was published by
DeCandolle, together with one of his own, in Lam. Encye. bot.
(1806) p. 250; it is thus explained why DC. is sometimes writ-
ten as authority-for this name instead of Hedw. Schwein-
itz (Syn. Fung. Car. [1822] No. 487) published it under the
name of Puccinia arundinarie.

The Illinois specimens on Phragmites communis have te-
leutospores narrower and more constricted, so that the segments
are each nearly elliptical, while the European specimens on
same host (Rabh. Herb. Mycol. 282) are much like the Illinois
specimens on Spartina cynosuroides and on Andropogon. But
the spores on one Spartina plant closely resembles the Illinois
phragmites form.

P. rubigo-vera, (DC.) Winter.

II., TI. Amphigenous. Uredosori mostly hypogenous,
linear or oblong, irregularly scattered, seldom confluent, some-
what elevated, soon open; teleutosori linear or oblong, scattered
or variously confluent, long covered by the unbroken epidermis,
black, surrounded by a dense row of dark-brown paraphyses;
uredospores subglobose, epispore rather thin, minutely echinu-
' late, 21-25 »; teleutospores cuneiform, oblong or elliptical,
constricted or not at the septum, but usually tapering below,
vertex thickened, truncate, obtusely rounded or sometimes more
or less pointed, epispore thin, smooth, cell contents granular,
12-18 by 27-54 ; pedicel short, rarely half the length of the
spore, deeply tinted.

On wheat: Adams, June 26, 5294, June 29, 5844, July 6,
5426, IT., III.; McLean, July 11, 2348, July 17, 5583, IL, IIT.;

15

200 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

McHenry, Aug. 22, 1224. Oats:— Rye: LaSalle, June 19,
5225, 11, UI. Elymus Virginicus: Champaign, Aug. 11, 1022;
McHenry, Aug. 24, 1276; Ogle, Sept. 25, 6155, IL, IIT.

This name is founded upon. the recognition at the uredo-
form as Uredo r ubigo-vera, DC. (Flore Frane. VI. [1815] p. 83),
which to say the least is doubtful. The same name has been
used for the uredoform of Puccinia coronata, and of Puccinia
graminis, found on the same host species, and doubtless equally
included by DeCandolle in his supposed species. Winter
(Die Pilze, p. 217) probably had good reasons for accepting
the name as here given, but should: for any reason, hotanists
decline to follow him in this, then Puccinia str icefor mis, Westd.
(Bull. de 1’ Acad. Belg. [1853] XXI.), rather than Puceiniu
straminis, Fuckel (Enumer. Fung. in Jahr. Ver. f. Natur v.
Nassau [1861, etc.]), should be adopted, though the latter rec-
ognizes DeCandolle’s Uredo rubigo-vera as the early stage of
the teleutoform named by him. Certain it is that P. coronata
and P. rubigo-vera are very closely allied.

P. coronata, Corda.

IL, III. Amphigenous. Uredospores subglobose, echinu-
late, 18-21 by 21-24 »; teleutosori small, oblong or linear,
slightly raised, surrounded by a dense row of paraphyses, long
covered by the epidermis; teleutospores cuneate, scarcely con-
stricted at the septum, more or less truncate above, crowned
with one to several conspicuous, obtuse, horn-like projections,
epispore thin, smooth, cell contents granular, 15-18 by 45-55 4;
pedicel short, less than half the length of the spore, rather
fragile.

Sori linear, short, minute, obscurely fuscous, covered by the palles-
cent epidermis; spores subsessile, subclavate, crowned at the apex with
acute, stellate, radiate, flame-yellow teeth, yellow below. Length of
spore .00175 in.—Corda, Icon. I, p. 6.

On leaves and sheaths of oats: Adams, June 30, 5360, IT.,
UL, July 10, 5456, 0., O1., July 11, 5502, IL, M.; MeLean,
July 11, 2334, Sept. 6, 5665, IL., IT].: Tazewell, July 22, 2330
and 2331; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1144. Wheat: Fulton, Oct. 1,
1767, IL., II.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 201

This species is certainly closely related to Puccinia rubigo-
vera; Indeed, it is scarcely possible to separate them, except
by the terminal projections of the teleutospores in P. coronata,
and these are present in varying degrees, sometimes (as in No.
2331) nearly wanting.

P. emaculata, Schw.

Il., ILI. Mostly epigenous, sometimes amphigenous. Sori
small; rather prominent, mostly very numerous, irregularly scat-
tered or crowded, rarely confluent on the leaves, but on the
sheaths forming long, irregular lines, black, rather early erum-
pent but long surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; uredo-
spores subglobose, epispore rather thin, sharply but minutely
echinulate, 15-24 »; teleutospores elliptical or broadly clavate,
slightly constricted, vertex strongly thickened and obtusely
pointed or rounded, narrowed below, smooth, not deeply col-
ored, 15-21 by 30-48 u; pedicel once to once and a half as long
as the spore, tinted. a

Entirely without spots; at first sori entirely covered or sparingly
erumpent, then often confluent, minute, abbreviated, narrow, parallel,
often acuminate at both ends. Spores black, rather small, when im-
mersed in water fuscescent. Everywhere on species of Panicum, espe-
cially P. pubescens in fields.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fung., No. 2912, p. 298.

On Tricuspis seslerioides: Union, Nov. 4, 2274. Eragrostis
pectinacea: Union, Oct. 21,1903. Panicum capillare: LaSalle,
Sept. 14, 1537, [L., Sept. 29, 6238; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1609,
Sept. 28, 1628, Sept. 26, 1661, Sept. 27, 1679; JoDaviess, Sept.
19, 5993; Stephenson, Sept. 21, 6059; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6142, IT.,
IIT.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1768. P. virgatum: Lee, Sept. 9, 5760;
Ogle, Sept. 22, 6109; Rock Island, Sept. 27, 1695.

On Panicum virgatum the teleutospores have in each seg-
ment a small circular nuclear spot, and the pedicels are nearly
colorless. On Tricuspis seslerioides (No. 2274) and Eragrostis
pectinacea (No. 1903) the sori are mostly hypophyllous, and the
teleutospores are often lighter colored, with hyaline pedicels.

202 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

P. flaccida, B. & Br.

IL, TU. Amphigenous. Sori small, oblong to linear,
often confluent, at length rupturing the epidermis, reddish-fer-
ruginous. Uredospores vary from - elliptical to subglobose, the
latter about 25 uw, furnished with two or more hyaline points
(germinal pores?), sharply echinulate, cinnamon-colored. Te-
leutospores exceedingly variable, often undivided, the septum,
when present, transverse, oblique or longitudinal, equally, or in
every degree unequally, dividing the spore. The simple ones
are usually clavate, the divided ones vary from clavate to sphe-
roidal, regularly formed or much constricted, and lobed with
one or two thickened apical points, length about 30-402, light-
er colored than the uredo; pedicel hyaline, once or twice the
length of the spore.

Sori small, short; spores flaccid, with a long hyaline pedicel, ob-
tuse, contracted in the middle.—Berkeley, Jour. Linn. Soc., Vol. XIV.,
p. 91.

On Panicum evns-galli: Henry and Rock Island, Sept. 28,
1701, IL, T., 1716, W., W.; Champaign, Oct. 19, 6329, IT.,
JIL, Oct. 24, 6334, IL., TIT.

A most peculiar species. From two thirds to three fourths
or more of the teleutospores are septate, presenting the most
varying and aberrant forms. So far as we are informed this
has not been previously found in America, but a comparison
with specimens kindly furnished by Dr. M. C. Cooke, of Puc-
cinia flaccida, B. & Br., from Ceylon, leaves no doubt of the
specific identity. The American specimens only differ in pos-
sessing more undivided, and upon the average, narrower teleu-
tospores, with somewhat thicker pedicels.

P. andropogi, Schw.

II., II. Hypophyllous. Sori rather small, usually very
numerous, elliptical, sometimes confluent in small, elongated
groups, soon naked, surrounded by the lacerated remains of the
epidermis; uredospores subglobose, epispore rather thick, tuber-
culate, 21-80u; teleutospores mostly obovate, but varying to
elliptical and clavate, slightly constricted at the septum, usually
thickened at the vertex, obtusely rounded or sometimes short-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 203

pointed, smooth, dark-brown, 15-22 by 80-45 »; pedicel usually

about the length of the spore, sometimes longer, more or less
tinted.

Spots obliterated, sori densely aggregated, elevated, fuscous, obtuse,
linear, abbreviated. Spores fuscous. Although not confluent, yet oc-
cupying almost the entire leaf. Very frequent in autumn in leaves,
culms and sheaths of various species of Andropogon.—Schweinitz, N.
Am. Fung., No. 2911, p. 295.

On Andropogon furcatus: Boone, Sept. 2, 1423; Ogle, Sept.
26, 6184, IL, T.; Rock Island, Sept. 27,1678. A. SCcOpar'tns :
Ogle, Sept. 25, 6172, IL., IIL, Sept. 26, 6200, IL, IIL.; Union,
Oct. 22, 1960.

In Thiimen’s Mycotheca Universalis, No. 1336, the speci-
mens named Puccinia Ellisiana, Thiim., which Farlow identi-
fies (Proceed. Am. Acad. Arts & Sc., July, 1883, p. 81) as P.
andropogi, Schw., the teleutospores are often more narrow and
pointed, are lighter in color, and the pedicels are longer than in
the Illinois specimens.

In the specimens examined the uredospores vary consider-
ably, even on the same leaf, as well as upon different hosts.

P. maydis, Carradori.

IL, UI. Amphigenous. Sori subcircular to oblong, irreg-
ularly scattered, often confluent, rather tardily rupturing the
epidermis, whose upturned edges persistently remain; uredo-
spores subglobose, epispore rather thick, echinulate, 25-30 vw.
Teleutospores broadly elliptical, considerably constricted at the
septum, ends mostly obtusely rounded, but sometimes thick-
ened at the apex and variously pointed, smooth, 15-22 by 30-45
4“; pedicel slightly colored, once to twice the length of the spore.

P. sorghi, Schw. Spots none; sori broad, of different forms, vari-
ously lobed, at first covered by the epidermis, then denudated but sur-
rounded by the lacerated epidermis, often also internally fissured, 2-4
lines long and broad. Many of the sori occur on the nerves of the
leaves. Spores black, large; pedicels short.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fung.,
No. 2910, p. 295.

On leaves of Zea Mays: McLean, July 20, 2345, UL, IIL.,
Aug. 4, 2344, IT., TIL, Aug. 19, 5636, IZ., JIL, Sept. 6, 5664,
Oct. 11, 1830; Champaign, Aug. 18, 1032, II.; McHenry, Aug.

204 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

20, 1165, ID., IIL, Aug. 23, 1239, IT., IT.; Lake, Aug. 27, 1349;
Lee, Sept. 8, 5720, II., III.; JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5958, IL., TIL.;
LaSalle, Sept. 28, 6216, IT., III.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1765.

This is Puccinia Sorghi, Schw. (N. A. Fungi [1834],
p. 295). The above name was published in 1815 (see Rabh.
Krypt. Fl. I. p. 181).

PHRAGMIDIUM, Linx.

Teleutospores divided by two or more horizontal septa,
producing three or more cells in a single vertical row; telento-
sori prominent, usually smail, tufted, sometimes confluent in
patches; uredospores one-celled, borne on deciduous pedicels;
zcidiospores produced in vertical chains as in the true Atcidia,
but without pseudoperidinm; uredosori and ecidiosori sur-
rounded by a thick row of club shaped, or more or less capitate,
incurved paraphyses.

All the sporeforms of the Phragmidiu are ordinarily hypo-
phyllous, the ecidium and uredo appearing rather early in
summer, and the teleutoform after the first of July; but the
two latter are very commonly found together during the later
parts of the season. Sometimes the fungi are seated upon the
petioles and stems of the host. All grow upon species of
Rosacew, and so far as discovered, upon plants of the genera
Potentilla, Rubus and Rosa.

The ecidium has only recently been distinguished from
the uredo, the sori of the two stages being mostly very similar,
and determined by the manner of the production of the spores,
as just indicated. It is somewhat remarkable that in the
ecidium stage there is no peridium, hence, according to the
characteristics adopted in this paper, the genus form is Coma,
not Uredo or Heidium.

Ph. fragarie, (DC.) Rossm.

IL., III. Hypogenous. Uredosori small, cireular, without
paraphyses, scattered; uredospore elliptical or obovate. echinu-
late. each borne upon a pedicel, 14-16 hy 16-21 »; telentosori
scattered, rather large, circular, prominent, powdery, chestnut-

%

Parasitic Fungi of Minois. 205

brown, teleutospores usually three, sometimes two, more often
four-celled, oblong or broadly clavate, somewhat constricted at
the septum, vertex slightly thickened, obtusely rounded, nar-
rowed toward the base, epispore thin, smooth, 21-27 by 36-90 p;
pedicel hyaline, tapering below, from one third to one half
the length of the spore.

On leaves of Potentilla Canadensis: Union, April 16, 5015,
IL, April 26, 4311, IL, April 29, 4390, II.; Jackson, April 19,
4177, IL, April 28, 4866, IL; Pulaski, May 9, 4579, IL; John-
son, May 12, 4651, II.; LaSalle, June 15, 4909, IL, Sept. 28,
6223. TIL, Sept. 20, 6232, ITL; Adams, June 27, 5807, IL, July
3, 0384, IL., July 5, 5407, IL, 5417, IL, July 6, 5444, IL., July
10, 5461, IT.; MeLean, July 26, 2415, IL; McHenry, Aug. 25,
1321, IL., III.; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5816, IT.; JoDaviess, Sept.
15, 5896, III.; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6188, IT., III.; Fulton, Oct. 3,
1731, IL, TIL; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6274, III.

This is Ph. triarticulatum, B. & C.; but there is little rea-
son to consider the American specimens specifically distinct
from the European Ph. fragariwv, according to Winter's de-
seription (Die Pilze, p. 228), and the specimens in Rabh. Herb.
Mye., 281. On neither the latter nor the Illinois specimens
was there observed any roughness of the epispore.

Ph. mucronatum, ( Pers.) Lk.

I, IL, TL. Aicidia amphigenous, on the leaves more com-
monly hypophyllous, and of different sizes, but usually small,
in little groups on a distinct reddish, yellow-bordered spot, on
the larger veins, petioles, and young stems confluent and swol-
len, conspicuous, causing more or less distortion of the host,
surrounded by clavate, incurved, colorless paraphyses, bright
orange-colored; ecidiospores subglobose or angular, produced
in erect chains, becoming rough-warty towards maturity, 18-24.
#; uredosori hypophyllous, small, scattered, very numerous,
sometimes sparingly confluent, surrounded by many incurved,
clavate, colorless paraphyses, yellow; uredospores subglobose,
rough-warty, each produced on a pedicel, 18 »; teleutosori hy-
pophyllous, scattered, small, powdery, brownish-black; teleuto-
spores cylindrical or oblong-elliptical, vertex narrowed. and mu-
cronate, apiculus hyaline, six- to eleven-septate, rather coarsely

206 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

tuberculate, 24 by 65-77 »; pedicel about one and a half times
the length of the spore, mostly hyaline, swollen, and elongate-
elliptical from above the middle downward.

Puccinia mucronata. Crowded, black, spores pediceled, cylindrical,
mucronate. Var. Rosa. Spores somewhat swollen, obtuse, parasitic on
Uredo Rosw.—-Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 230.

On roses: Jackson, April 28, 4376, I.; Pulaski, May 4,
4486, I., 4487, I., May 9, 4580, Nov. 4, 2247; Johnson, May 12,
4639, I., 4640, L., 4641, I., May 13, 4671, I., May 16, 4706, L;
McLean, May 20, 4725, I,, May 25, 4778, I., May 29, 4813, I.;
Champaign, June 8, 4917, L., June 10, 4941, T., 4958, IL., July
11, 6494, I., IT.. IIT.; LaSalle, June 15, 5000, L., June, 21, 5256,
T.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1159, IL, IIL, Aug. 26, 1317, UL., IIL.,
Aug. 27, 1842, Aug. 31, 1894, Sept. 1, 1416, IL, ITI.; Lee, Sept.
8, 5713, IL, UL; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5825, IL., ILL.; JoDa-
viess, Sept. 19, 5997, IL, III.; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6131, I; Rock
Island, Sept. 27, 1683; Henry, Sept. 28, 1718; Union, Oct. 21,
1909, Oct. 29, 2121, Oct. 31, 21385, Nov. 3, 2197.

Persoon’s name (Disp. Meth. [1797] p. 38) for this plant
is Puccinia mucronata var. Rose. As the other variety has
been given another name, this should bear the name of the
species rather than of the variety. Link introduced (Spec.
Plant. II. [1824-25] p. 84) the genus Phragmidium, in which
this species is included, hence Ph. mucronatum, Lk., is often
written. The supposed xcidioform described above, referred to
under Ph. speciosum, sometimes occurs in midsummer at the
same time on the leaves with the uredo and teleutospores.
The paraphyses are, identical in the forms I. and IT., and per-
sist with the teleutoform.

Ph. speciosum, Fries.

IJ. On the stems, and less commonly on the petioles,
forming swollen, distorted areas of more or less extent. Sori
irregularly confluent, grayish-black, on year-old stems crust-
like; spores cylindrical-oblong, about five to seven celled, somie-
times less, scarcely or not at all constricted at the septum, ends
rounded, apex mucronate, smooth, almost black. 30 by 60-90 p:
pedicel hyaline below, tinted above, tapering downward, very
long, attaining seven or more times the length of the spore.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 207

On Rosw: Pulaski, May 4, 4487, May 9, 4580; Johnson,
May 12, 4640, 4641, May 16, 4706; McLean, May 25, 4778, May
29, 4813; Champaign, June 10, 4941; LaSalle, June 15, 5000,
June 21, 5256; JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5952; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6131;
Jersey, Oct, 12, 6278.

What has been called Uredo miniata, Pers., Ceoma miniaty,
Schl., or Coleosporium miniatum, Lév., has been considered the
ecidioform of Phragmidium mucronatum, Pers., with which it
is certainly often associated. But it is very commonly found
on the green leaves, in the early part of the season, with Ph.
speciosum on the twigs at the same time. Sometimes, however,
the teleutospores of Ph. mucronatum occur later in the season
on the Czoma-affected leaves‘or on other leaves of the same
plant.

All the numbers except 5952 and 6273 were accompanied
by the above mentioned form.

Ph. rubi-idei, (Pers.) Winter.

I, I. Hypophyllous. Uredosori sniall, scattered, usu-
ally very numerous; uredospores obovate or elliptical, epispore
thin, sharply echinulate, 15-18 u; teleutosori small, scattered,
powdery, black; teleutospores cylindrical, ends obtusely round-
ed, vertex furnished with a more or less elongated, conical, or
often somewhat cylindrical hyaline apiculus, whole surface
very rough-warty, almost black, about six- to eight-septate,
27-33 by 67-120 u; pedicel tinted near the spore, otherwise hy-
aline, about one and a half times the length of the spore, from
above the middle downward elongate-elliptical, roughened.

On leaves of Rubus strigosus: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1177,
Aug. 28, 1232; Boone, Sept. 2, 1422, II.; Cook, Sept. 5, 1446,
IL; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5882, II., III; JoDaviess, Sept. 20,
6012, IT.

The teleutogori are surrounded by many incurved colorless
(dry specimens) clavate paraphyses, but a careful examination
of the specimens failed to reveal them with the uredosori,
though these were over-mature, and the spores everywhere
scattered among the matted hairs of the leaf.

208 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Ph. rubi, (Pers.) Winter.

IL., 101. Hypophyllous. Sori, very small, scattered; ure-
dosori often very numerous, circular, orange-yellow, without
paraphyses; uredospores ovate or elliptical, each borne upon a
pedicel, epispore thin, finely echinulate, 12-15 by 15-20 u; te-
leutosori rounded, sometimes confluent, black; teleutospores
about four to five septate, cylindrical, somewhat constricted at
the septum, ends obtusely rounded, the vertex furnished with a
conical, more or less deeply tinted apiculus, surface finely tu-
berculate, sometimes appearing smooth, dark-brown, 36 by 100
#; pedicel as long as the spore or somewhat longer, very much
swollen in the lower half.

On Rubus rillosus: Lee, Sept. 8, 5711, IL, IL; JoDaviess,
Sept. 15, 5908, II.; Sept. 18, 5979, I]., Sept. 19, 5999, IT.; Ogle,
Sept. 23, 6147, IL.; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6318, II.; McLean, Oct. 18,
1874, IT.

TRIPHRAGMIUM, Linx.

Teleutospores dark brown, three-celled, triangular, the di-
viding septa vertical and horizontal or oblique; uredospores
similar to those of Puccinia.

In this genus ecidioforms have not been certainly recog-
nized, though there are in some cases what have been called
two forms of the uredo, the one occurring in the spring on the
petioles and veins, the other late in the summer on the leaf
surfaces, and spermogonia are developed upon the upper leaf-
surface.

The species are comparatively few; none have so far been
found in Tlinois.

RAVENELIA, BERKELEY.

Teleutospores many-celled, berry-like, with vertical and
horizontal septa, usually with a series of hyaline cells at the
base, pedicellate or sessile.

This curious genus is comparatively little known, and its
standing among the Uredinew has not been firmly established.

Parasitic Fungi of Ilimois. 209

It seems the germination of the spores has not been observed
neither have other spore forms been certainly found as genetic
productions. In &. stictica, B. & Br., however, Berkeley says:
“The larger pseudospores are accompanied by uredinoid bodies
which are minutely papillate.” (Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., Vol.
XIV. p. 93.)

The spores attain the largest size among the Uredinew, and
are otherwise very readily generically recognized.

Speaking of R. indica, Berkeley says, ‘‘The glandular bodies con-
sist of a large umbrella-shaped, dark cap, often 4,th of an inch across,
composed of a number of closely packed cells, supported by a long, hy-
aline, delicate, and apparently compound stem, round the end of which
are suspended a circle of elongated hyaline bodies, calling to mind, in
point of arrangement, the appendages of some species of Meduse, or in
general appearance the fruit of some Marchantia. In the South Caro-
lina species [R. glandulosa, B. & C.] on the contrary, the peduncle is
shorter and the appendages are united by their sides into a solid mass.”

The species grow on various Leguminose.

R. glanduleformis, B. & C.

Amphigenous. Sori scattered, rather small, often confluent
in areas of variable, sometimes of considerable size, testaceous;
spores broadly capitate, the many-celled, dish-like, chestnut-
brown upper layer projecting over the hyaline cells beneath,
about 75 to 100 »; pedicel short, hyaline.

Spores urn-shaped, with a short pedicel, hyaline below and lobed or
striate ; even above, cellular, colored, projecting beyond the lower divi-
sion. In some specimens the lower division is even, and the cells of the
upper part larger, but it is probably a mere form.—Berkeley, Grevillea,
IL, p. 80.

On Tephrosia Virginiana: “ Pine Hills,” Union County.
Collected several times in same locality by F. 8. Earle.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM, DC.

Spores with one horizontal septum, less commonly one to
six cells in a vertical row, yellow, with epispore thin, on long,
slender, hyaline pedivels, imbedded in gelatine, which, ‘when
moist, swells into a soft columnar or irregular body. Parasitic
on the leaves and branches of various Cupressineg.

210 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

The species now assigned to this genus were formerly sep-
arated, and a part of them, having the gelatinous material
more or less columnar, made to form the genus Podisoma.
The distinction is not properly generic, and at present most
mycologists unite all the species under the generic name of
Gymnosporangium. The European species agree in the spores
having a single septum, and this is usually made a characteris-
tic of the genus, but some of the American species, otherwise
similar, have from one to six-celled spores, so that the descrip-
tion of the genus is necessarily extended to include them. The
spores are produced in the spring instead of in the autumnal
months, as are the teleutospores of most Uredinew; but they
germinate in May and June, hence have not a long period of
rest. The promycelium is rapidly formed, under the proper
conditions, from the mature spores, and sporidia are abundantly
produced. These latter are believed to develop only on species
of Pomew, and produce the ecidial growths included under the
so-called genus Restelia. This alternation of growth has been
several times experimentally shown, but for the purposes of
this paper the ecidial forms are given by themselves. The
mycelium of the teleutosporic form is sometimes annual, but
more often perennial, and produces remarkable gall-like dis-
tortions upon the host.

G. macropus, Lk.

Sporiferous masses aggregated in globose tufts, surrounded
at the base by a ring formed by the raised epidermis and sub-
epidermal tissue of the host-plant, orange-yellow, cylindrical,
acuminate, half an inch to an inch long, or at times longer;
spores ovate-acute, two-celled, generally constricted at the sep-
tum, and with a papilla at the apex, 15-20 by 46-60 »; promy-
celia generally four from each cell. Mycelium annual, produc-
ing globose or reniform knots in the smaller branches. On
leaves and smaller branches of Juniperus Virginiana. (Farlow,
(tymnosporangia‘of the U.8., p. 13.)

On Juniperus Virginiuna: Union, May 15, 4705; Cham-
paign, March 16, 2465.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 211

CRONARTIUM, Fariszs.

Teleutospores one-celled, without pedicels, compacted in an
erect (often curved or bent) cylindrical, solid column; uredo-
spores produced on pedicels, the uredosorus covered by a pseudo-
parenchymatous membrane.

The peculiar column, composed of the elongated teleuto-
spores adhering closely to each other, and rising conspicuously
from the substratum, clearly designates this genus. The
uredospores and teleutospores, so far as known, are produced
on the same host, sometimes in the same sorus.

C. asclepiadeum, Kze.
Var. thesii, Berk.

IL, III. Uredosori small, scattered, or collected in irregu-
lar groups, furnished with a peridium; uredospores subglobose
to elliptical, echinulate, 15 by 18-27 1»; teleutosori scattered,
often numerous. column long, cylindrical, usually curved;
teleutospores oblong or cylindrical, yellowish-brown, smooth,
about 11 » in diameter.

On Comandra umbellata: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1157, Aug.
23, 1245; Boone, Sept. 2, 1428; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1498, Sept.
16, 1552; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6199.

The determination of the variety was made by comparison
with the specimens in Ellis’ North American Fungi, No. 1082.

This is Cronartinm comandr, Peck (Bot. Gaz. IV. p. 128).

MELAMPSORA, Cast.

Teleutospores one or more celled, when divided the septa
mostly vertical (sometimes horizontal or oblique ), sessile, densely
compacted in a firm, flat or slightly convex layer; uredospores
single celled, sessile upon the hymenium, the sori usually cov-
ered by a membrane, which is finally irregularly ruptured.

This genus, as here defined, includes not only what has
been uniformly assigned to it, but the species which have been

212 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

by different authors assigned to Calyptospora, Melanpsorella,
Phragmospora and Thekopsora. Admitting all these as genera
of equal rank, the characteristics may be given as follows:

Teleutospores produced beneath the cells of the epidermis:

Teleutospores one-celled................ MzLampsora.
Teleutospores divided...............-. PHRAGMOSPORA.

Teleutospores produced ‘7 the cells of the epidermis.

Teleutospores one-celled, colorless. .... MELAMPSORELLA.
Teleutospores divided, colored:
Sori small, with uredo.............. THEKOPSORA,
Sori broadly confluent or effused, without uredo,
CALYPTOSPORA.

With the single exception of Melampsora Geppertiana
(Calyptospora Gappertiana, Kithn) on various species of Vic-
cinium, no supposed ecidium form has been found; in this
case the almost universal association of the teleutoform on
Vaccinium, and one or more species of Peridermium on Pinus
and Abies, seems to strongly indicate their genetic relation.
Other observations corroborate the supposed connection, so that,
in Europe at least, we may accept the matter as a fact that this
species of Melanepsora and Aicidinm (Perideriminim ) columnare,
Alb. & Schw., are alternate forms. In America, Peridermium
balsamenim, Peck, seems to be associated with the teleutoform,
but whether P. balsamewn and P. columnare are specifically
identical has not been determined. See Farlow, Appalachia,
Vol. TIT. (1884) p. 241 et sey.

M. epilobii, (Pers.) Fk.

Il., III. Hypogenous. Uredosori scattered, minute, hemi-
spherical, then opening by a circular stoma; uredospores obo-
vate, sometimes varying to subglobose and oblong, epispore
thin, sharply echinulate, each produced on a pedicel, orange-
yellow, 12-15 by 14-18 »; teleutosori irregular, scattered, often
confluent in irregular crust-like areas, becoming dhestuat.
brown, or at length darker; teleutospores mostly one-celled,
often divided by a septum which is horizontal, oblique, or ver-
tical, cuboidal or elongated, epispore thin, smooth, 21-89 » long.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 213

Uredo pustulata, var. Epilobii: subrotund, flavescent, minute, little
prominent, closed, collected in little clusters.—Pers. Syn. Fung. p. 219.

Melampsora epilobii, Fckl. F. rh. 300, I., I1.—I. Fungus stylosporif-
erus. Uredo Epilobii DC. Fl. Fr. IL. p. 226. On leaves of Epilobium
montanum, roseum and angustifolium, plentiful in summer. II. Fun-
gus teleutosporiferus. Sori plane, confluent, black-fuscous; teleutospores
obovate-clavate, fuscous. On the under surface of withered leaves of
Epilobium angustifolium; rare in autumn.—Fuckel, Symb. Myc. p. 44.

On Epilobium coloratum: JoDaviess, Sept. 20, 6019, IT.

Persoon described (Syn. Fung. p. 219) Uredo pustulata
var. epilobii, and DeCandolle wrote Uredo epilobii (Flora Franc.
II. p. 226), and Fuckel described the teleutoform and referred
the uredo to same species. The name Uredo pustulata, Pers.,
has been used for various species.

M. crotonis, Burrill.

IL, 11]. Amphigenous. Uredosori scattered, rather prom-
inent, circular, cinnamon-colored; uredospores obovate, sharply
echinulate, produced on pedicels, 15-21 by 18-27 »; teleutosori
irregular, scattered or somewhat confluent, slightly elevated,
reddish brown; teleutospores irregular, mostly elliptical or ob-
long, one, two, or more celled, arranged in an irregular layer
composed of variously imbricated spores, smooth, cell-contents
granular, pale to dark brown, 11-15 by 30-42 ».

Trichobasis crotonis, Cooke. Amphigenous; sori minute, subrotund,
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, fuscous: pseudospores globose
or ovate, finely warty (28-30 diam.). On leaves of Croton procum-
bens, California.—Cooke, Grevillea, VI., p. 137.

On leaves of Croton capitatum: Marion, Oct. 20, 1900, IT.,
III. C. monanthogynus: Johnson, May 12, 4649, IL; Jeray,
Oct. 12, 6282, Oct. 14, 6322: Jackson, Oct. 22, 1945, T., IIL;
Nov. 5, 2266; Union, Oct. 25, 2010, IL, ILL, Oct. 31, 2157, IL.,
JIL., Nox: 1, 2211. Crotonopsis linearis: ‘LaSalle, Sept. 28,
6226.

The uredo is Tichobasis crotonis, Cke. The teleutoform
‘seems to belong to the group separated by Magnus under the
- generic name of Phragmospora, but it is not easy to make out
the relation of the spores to the cells of the host in dried
specimens,

214, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

M. salicina, Lév.

IZ., II. Amphigenous, the uredo mostly hypophyllous, and
the teleutoform more often epiphyllous. Uredosori small, ‘cir-
cular, often thickly spread over the leaf surface, surrounded by
a thick row of paraphyses, which are strongly enlarged and
rounded above; uredospores subglobose or elliptical, finely
echinulate, 12-15 by 14-18 u; teleutosori various in size, usu-
ally flat, irregular. often thickly associated or confluent, crust-
like, becoming reddish brown or dark brown; teleutospores ob-
long, in transverse section polygonal, about 10 by 30-37 zp.

On leaves of Salir cordata: McHenry, Aug. 23, 1242, IL,
Aug. 24, 1276 and 1271. 8S. longifolia: McHenry, Aug. 24,
1254, IL, Aug. 31, 1396, IT., WL; Lake, Aug. 27,1350, IL, IIT.;
Lee, Sept. 11, 5780, IT.; LaSalle, Sept. 14, 2500, IT., ITI.; Henry,
Sept. 28, 1707, II. Salix sps.: McLean, July 18, 2498, IL,
July 20, 2497, IT., Aug. 4, 2499, ID.; Piatt, Aug. 17, 1096, IL;
McHenry, Aug. 24, 1278, IT., 1288, II.; Lake, Aug. 27, 1851, IT.,
IIL; Kane, Aug. 90, 1375, II., III,; LaSalle, Sept. 20, 1599,
IL., JIL; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1618, II.; Jersey, Oct. 14, 6315,
IL, I.; Union, Oct. 24, 1977, IL.; Pulaski, Nov. 4, 2228, IL.,
TI.

Thiimen thinks what is included in the above should be
separated into the following species, for which he has given
descriptions: M. Biglowii, M. capreanum, M. Hartigii, M.
meduse, M. vitelline, (Hedwigia XVIII. [1879] p. 77, and Bul-
letin Torrey Botanical Club, VI. p. 216).

M. populina, Lév.

IL, HI. Amphigenous. Uredosori small, scattered over
the surfaces of the leaves, usually more numerous below,
circular, surrounded by a dense row of paraphyses, which are
clavate or strongly enlarged and rounded above, powdery,
orange-yellow; uredospores varying from subglobose to oblong
or clavate, echinulate, 18-20 by 21-80 u; teleutosori scattered,
mostly thickly studding both surfaces of the leaf, flat, compact,
crust-like, often confluent, reddish brown; teleutospores oblong,
prismatic, epispore thin, smooth, one-celled, 15 by 36-45 u.

On leaves of Populus tremuloides: McHenry, Aug. 20,
1196. P. monilifera: Tazewell, July 22, 2509, II.; McLean,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 215

July 25, 2508, IT., Aug. 28, 5642, Oct. 6, 1809, IIL, Oet. 18,
1884, III.; Piatt, Aug. 10, 1003, IL.; Champaign, Aug. 41,
1019, IT., Oct. 31, 6376; Lee, Sept. 9, 5751, IL; LaSalle, Sept.
13, 1508, IIL, Berk: 17, 1586, IL; JoDavinss, Sept. 15, 5909,
IL, H1.; Henry, Sept. 28; 1722, IT., III.; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1784,
IIe Jackson, Nov. 5, 2261, II.

COLEOSPORIUM, Liv.

Teleutosori divided by horizontal septa (about three) so
as to form unbranched vertical rows of closely connected cells,
each of which emits, on germination, a promycelium bearing a
single sporidium, compacted in a dense flat or convex some-
what waxy stratum; uredospores produced in chains, which
soon break up into a powdery mass; sorus naked.

The species of this genus are difficult to determine mor-
phologically one from another, and comparatively little has
been done towards elucidating life histories through cultures.
It is supposed that Coleosporiuim senecionis and Peridermiun
pini are alternate forms of one species, but other acidial states
are unknown. The so-called uredospores are produced in
chains, and according to the classification adopted here would,
by themselves, fall in the genus Ceoma. The query arises as
to whether this should be looked upon as the ecidium or uredo
stage. So far as observed this form grows on the same leaf,
and usually just before the teleutoform, characteristics of the
latter rather than the former. If, indeed, Peridermium pint is
the ecidium form of Coleosporium senecionis, then the pulver-
ulent spores on Senecio, one would say, must be the uredo
form, and these are very similar to the first-formed spores of
the other species.

C. sonchi-arvensis, (Pers.) Lév.

IIL., III. Hypogenous, rarely epiphyllous. Uredosori scat-
tered or united in groups, often very numerous and sometimes
crowded or confluent, elliptical or irregular, powdery; uredo-
spores elliptical, often irregular, thickly studded with little
obtuse tubercles, orange-yellow, but soon fading, 15-21 by

16

216 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

19-24 »; teleutosori scattered or united in groups, often very
numerous and sometimes confluent, low, at first orange-yellow,
changing to pale reddish brown; teleutospores about four-celled.
cylindrical or enlarged above, epispore thin, smooth.

" Uredo sonchi-arvensis. Crowded, subconfluent, fulvous, sori nearly
plane, irregular. Hab.: frequent in autumn on leaves of Sonchus ar-
vensis in fields after harvest.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 217.

On leaves of Vernonia fasciculata: Tazewell, July 22,
2491, II.; Champaign, Aug. 11, 1023, IL, III.; Piatt, Aug. 15,
1070, IJ., TIT.. Aug. 17, 1111, IL, TI.; McLean, Sept. 6, 5671,
II., IU, Oct. 6, 1810, IT., ITT., Oct. 18, 1862, IT., III.; LaSalle,
Sept. 14, 1545, IT., TIL., Sept. 29, 6240, IIT.; JoDaviess, Sept.
15, 5911, .; Jersey, Oct. 18, 6296, II., ITT.; Jackson, Oct. 22,
1955, IT., IIL.; Union, Oct. 24, 1970, 1984, IT., TIT., 1985, IT.,
ITL., 1986, IT., III., Oct. 26, 2084, Oct. 27, 2067, II. III; Pu-
laski, Nov. 4, 2233. Elephantopus Carolinianus: Union, Oct.
26, 2088, II., UI. Aster sagittifolius: Jackson, April 21, 4218.
II.; Pulaski, May 5, 4508, II., 4509, II., May 6, 4532, I1., May
10, 4592, [I.; McLean, July 12, 2488, IL, July 15, 2486, IT.,
July 29, 2487, IL, Aug. 1, 2463, IL, III., Aug. 6, 2485, IT.,
2489, IT., Oct. 18, 1885, II., I1I.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1162, IL;
LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1507, IT.; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5823, II..
Sept. 14, 5881, IL., IIT., JoDaviess, Sept. 16, 5950, IL; Rock
Island, Sept. 27, 1685, IL.; Fulton, Oct. 3, 1741, II. Aster sps.:
Jackson, April 25, 4292, II.; Johnson, May 12, 4650, II.; Adams,
July 11, 5499, IT., 5500, II.; McLean, Aug. 1, 2490, II.; Piatt.
Aug. 10, 1008, II.; McHenry, Aug. 24, 1283, II.; Cook, Sept. 6,
1452, I.; JoDaviess, Sept. 19, 5998, II.; Fulton, Oct. 3, 1736,
IL., HL.; Union, Oct. 21, 1906, IL, III. Solidago latifolia: Mc-
Lean, Aug. 1, 2481, IL, Aug. 6, 2488, IT., 2484, IT., Oct. 12,
1853, IL., WI. S. altissima: Adams, July 1, 5378, IT., July 3,
5386, II., July 7, 5448, [1.; Lee, Sept. 9, 5752, II. S. wlmifolia:
McLean, Aug. 6, 2482, IT.; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1570. S. Cana-
densis: Adams, July 11, 5498, II.; McLean, July 12, 2479, ITL.,
July 15, 2478, IT., 2480, ID., IIL, July 16, 2477, ID, Aug. 6,
2476, IL, Oct. 18, 1879, I.; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1178, IL, Aug.
24, 1279, II.; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5817, II.; Rock Island,
Sept. 24, 1619, IT., IIT., Sept. 27, 1684, IT., III.; Fulton, Oct. 3,
1743, IL.; Union, Oct. 25, 2006, IT., III, Oct. 27. 2060, IT.,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 217°

2066, IT., Nov. 1, 2205, II., Nov. 4, 2273, II. S. gigantea: Me-
Lean, Sept. 6, 5672, II. Solidago sps.: Union, April 26, 4312,
II., April 29, 4893, II.; Pulaski, May 3, 4466, II.; Adams, June
26, 5289, IT., July 5, 5418, Il; Piatt, Aug. 15, 1077, II, Aug.
17, 1112, TI.; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6187, II.; Union, Oct. 21, 1912, IT.
Silphium integrifolium: Union, Sept. 22, II., IIL, (Earle.)
S. terebinthinaceum: Jersey, Oct. 18, 6298. Helianthus: Piatt,
Aug. 17, 1180; Jersey, Oct. 18, 6297, II., III, Oct. 14, 6811;
McLean, Oct. 12, 1847, IT., ITI., Oct. 18, 1878.

Nos. 1912, 2006, 2060, 2205, 2481, 5817, 5881, 5950 and
6187 are accompanied by pycnidia of Dothidea solidaginis.

The name adopted is from Uvedo sonchi-arvensis, Persoon.
For the fungi here included many names have been proposed
under the idea of specific distinctness. But whatever differ-
ences exist seem to be so connected by intermediate forms that
those upon the host-plants named are considered specifically
identical. There are, therefore, included such as have been
named Uredo Solidaginis, Schw.. U. terebinthini, Schw., Coleo-
sporium compositarum, Lév., Uredo or Ceoma elephantopodis,
Schw., Coleosporinum Vernonia, B.&C., and C. Solidaginis, Thiim.
Perhaps the form on Vernonia differs more than others from
the type on account of the uredospores being smaller, and the
‘teleutospores being more enlarged above. On Elephantopus
the teleutosori are grouped in circles.

C. ipomceee, (Schw.)

Il, IJ. Hypophyllous. Spots yellowish or none; sori
minute, scattered or irregularly clustered, circular. II. Spores
irregularly oval, strongly echinulate, 18 by 26 ». III. Sori
convex, deep reddish orange; spores (chains) oblong or slightly
clavate, conspicuously 4-6-septate, about 10 by 26 », segments
widest transversely.

On leaves of Ipomea Nil: Union, Oct. 31, 2183, IL, IIL;
Jackson, Nov. 5, 2265, IL, TI. J. lacunosa: Union, Oct. 31,
2134, I1., II. 2. pandurata: Tazewell, July 22, 2462, IL, OL;
McLean, July 29, 2292, IL., III., Oct. 18, 1861, IL, ITT.; Piatt,
Aug. 15, 1068, IL. II., Aug. 17, 1108, U., TI., 1136, IL, IIL.;
Jersey, Oct. 12, 6271, II., IL.

This is evidently the plant named Uredo ipomee by

218 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Schweinitz, and as such distributed by Ravenel in his Fungi
Caroliniani IV. No. 99, and Fungi Americani, No. 488. In
both of those specimens the Coleosporium form is found. Our
specimens on Ipomea Nil have the spore-chains somewhat more
slender, and the color of those examined is not quite so deep as
that of those on J. pandurata.

CHRYSOMYXA, UNGER.

Teleutospores composed of several cylindrical cells in sim-
ple or branched vertical rows, the lower cells sterile, each of
the upper producing a several-celled promycelium bearing about
four sporidia, sorus naked, compact, flat or convex, red or
orange-yellow; uredospores in vertical rows, soon pulverulent,
sorus naked. .

It is understood that Peridermium abietinum, (Alb.& Schw.)
is genetically related to one or more species of this genus as
the zcidium-stage.

Not so far observed in Illinois.

UREDO, Liv.

Spores one-celled, produced singly on pedicels from which
they readily separate at maturity, forming a powdery mass;
sorus without pseudoperidium, without spermagonia.

Many, perhaps all, are forms of plants belonging to other
genera classified by the teleutospores, as Uromyces, Puccinia,
etc., and constitute what is known as the second stage of the
Uredinee; but some of the so-called species have not yet been
connected even in supposition with any teleutosporic forms.
The spores germinate at maturity, and soon lose their vitality;
the germ tube produces the mycelium directly, without the in-
, tervention of sporidia. The sorus is in some cases surrounded
by paraphyses, usually club-shaped and incurved, a character-
tic of the so-called genus Lecythea.

For the comparison between Uredo and Con, see the
latter.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 219

U. hydranges, B. & C.

Hypogenous. Spots small, yellowish, more or less conflu-
ent. Sori minute, scattered, few; spores obovate, produced on
pedicels, minutely tuberculate, 12-18 by 16-24 x.

On Hydrangea arborescens.

This name is attached to specimens in the Curtis herbarium,
and published in Curtis’ Cat. Plts. N. C., p. 122, without des-
cription. The specimens from which the desorption | is taken
were collected by Mr. F. 8. Earle, Cobden, Oct. 13, 1879.
There is no evidence of the occurrence of the fungus else-
where in the State.

COMA, Tut.

Spores one-celled, produced in vertical chains, soon sepa-
rating in a powdery mass, sorus without pseudoperidium, but
sometimes covered by a thin adherent membrane, often with
spermagonia, and with or without paraphyses.

The term Czeoma has been used with several and very dif-
ferent significations. As here limited it does duty, probably
temporary, as a genus of so-called species of which teleuto-
sporic forms are still unknown. As defined the genus differs
from Uredo in the manner of the production of the spores, and
from Avcidiim in the absence of a peridium. According to
some authors the presence of spermagonia is taken as the special
characteristic of Cwonw as against Uredo, so that with these
writers the forms having spores in chains, but without sperma-
gonia, are arranged under the latter, as, for example, the so-
called Uredo agrimoniv,—herein found as Cwoma agrimonia,
Schw. It, however, seems pretty evident that, with or without
spermagonia, those forms having spores in chains represent
rather the zcidial than the uredo stage, and as some species of
Afcidium have no spermagonia, the absence of the latter in
Ceoma ought not to be unlooked for.

Some of the so-called Cwome have been identified as the
ecidial forms of Phragmidium, which see. Compare also Cole-

osporiumn.

220 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

C. agrimonie, Schw.

Hypogenous. Spots yellowish, often confluent and more
or less spreading over the surface. Sori small, irregularly,
mostly thickly, associated in patches, or over the whole sur-
face, orange; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore rather
thin, finely echinulate, 14-16 by 15-20 up.

Coma ( Uredo) agrimonizx, Schw. Spots lutescent; sori minute, con-
fluent; spores delicate red-orange, at length faded. Often covering the
whole under surface of the leaves.—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 2835,
p. 291.

On leaves of Agrimonia Eupatoria: Johnson, May 11,
4617; McLean, July 7, 2511, July 15, 2513, 5560. July 27, 2514,
Aug. 6, 2510, Oct. 6, 1812. Oct. 18, 1877; Tazewell, July 22,
2512; Piatt, Aug. 17. 1118: Lee, Sept. 8, 5710; LaSalle, Sept.
13, 1505, Sept. 17, 1569; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5880; Ogle.
Sept. 22, 6106; Heurv, Sept. 28, 1728; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6272.
A, parviflora: MeLean, Sept. 6, 5673.

‘This has been named U'redo ayrimoniv,; it was placed by
Schweinitz in the Uredo section of Ceroma, the latter including,
according to him, all allied species. But the spores are pro-
duced in chains, not borne singly uvon a stalk. On this ac-
count probably, Bonorden (Beitr. z. Kent. d. Coniomye, p. 20)
assigned it to the genus Coleosporinm, hence it is known as
Coleosporium ochraceum. Without question, however. the
form is not the teleuto stage. Until the latter is known it
must therefore be (oma, and the specific name should, at all
events, stand as above.

C. nitens, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Sori irregular, flat, usually thickly asso-
ciated and confluent, more or less covering the surface, bright
orange-yellow;. spores subglobose, elliptical or oblong, epispore
thin, finely tuberculate, 12-24 by 18-32 4; spermagonia scat-
tered, numerous, yellow, mostly on upper side of leaf.

On Rubus occidentalis: MeLean, May 20, 4722, May 235,
4777, May 26, 4792; LaSalle, June 15, 4003. RL rillosus:
Union, April 16, 5016, April 17, 4140, April 24, 4258, April 26,
4310, April 27, $832, April 28. 4875, April 29, 4891; Jackson,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 221

April 19, 4176, April 28, 4367; Pulaski, May 1, 4403, May 6,
4531, May 9, 4578; Johnson, May 13, 4670; McLean, May 23.
4749, May 26, 4791; Champaign, June 8, 408; LaSalle, June
16, 5208; Adams, July 3, 5387.

Schweinitz (Syn. Car. 458) calls this .Mcidiwm nitens, and
afterwards (Syn. N. A. Fungi) Cwoma (sub-genns .Keidinm)
luminatum, The last name has been most often used, but
without proper authority.

This is the well known orange rust of the blackberry, and
more rarely of the black-cap raspberry, occurring for the most
part in May and June. It is unquestionably a first form or
undeveloped state of some teleutosporic species, and this has
been thought to be a Phragmidinum. Some recent observation.
however, tends to show that it belongs to Puccinia Peckiana,
Howe, which is found on the same host-plants, and matures in
September.

AHCIDIUM, PrErsvon.

Spores one-celled, in chains or vertical rows, without pedi-
cels; sorus inclosed in a short, beaker-like pseudoperidium.
which protrudes through the ruptured epidermis of the host, and
opens regularly at the vertex, the border soon becoming more
or less toothed or lobed, and usually recurved; with sperma-
gonia.

This was supposed to be a true genus of automatous species,
but it is now believed that all the supposed species belong to
Uronyces and Puccnia, and constitute what is known as their
first or vcidial stage in the alternations of development. Be-
fore, however, anything like exact knowledge as to genetic re-
lations van be ascertained, carefully made artificial cultures
must be made by competent investigators. Where there is
now good reason for accepting the demonstrations as satisfac-
torily made, the forms have been included in their proper
places with the teleutospores; otherwise they follow here under
the designation of species.

AS. ranunculacearum, DC.
Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, yellowish, mostly small;
ecidia irregularly and densely clustered, short, erect, or at

222 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

length more or less recurved and many times divided, becoming
pulverulent, pale yellowish; spores subglobose or elliptical, epi-
spore rather thick, finely but conspicuously tuberculate, 18 by
21-24 «; spermagonia minute, honey-yellow, mostly scattered
on the upper surface of the affected area.

On Anemone Pennsylvanica: Champaign, June 9, 4934,
June 10, 4956.

AS. ranunculi, Schw.

Mostly hypogenous. Equally usually densely associated
over the whole surface of the leaf, or over definite patches;
wcidia recurved, border narrow and many times split; spores
subglobose or elliptical, finely echinulate, 15-21 by 18-24 »;
spermagonia numerous, scattered among the ecidia on same
side of leaf, minute.

On Ranunculus abortivus: Union, April 12, 4080, April 18,
4066, April 14, 4097, April 15, 41063, April 17, 4131; Jackson,
April 18, 4165, April 28, 4363; Pulaski, May 5, 4507; McLean,
May 23, 4751, May 29, 4805, May 30, 4840.

AS. punctatum, Pers.

’ Hypophyllous. Spots effused, yellowish; wcidia uniformly
scattered over large portions or the whole of the leaf-surface,
not usually crowded, rather large, deeply divided into few
(about four) widely spreading recurved lobes, thin but firm;
spores subglobose to oblong, almost smooth, brown, about 18—
21 », or 15-18 by 21-27 »; spermagonia uniformly and re-
motely scattered on both surfaces, conspicuous, reddish brown.

Simple, scattered, peridia subimmersed, mouth subcontinuous, pow-
der compact, fuscescent.—Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 212.

On Hepatica triloba: Champaign, May 1. Anemone weio-
rosa; Riverside, near Chicago, June 2. J. C. Arthur.

This is Avcidium quadrifidum, DC. There is on Anemone
nemorosa a species supposed to be different (not so far found in
Tlinois) knewn as 4. anemones, Pers., or sh. leucospermum,
DC. In this last the pseudoperidium is more often, but less
deeply, divided, and the border more distinctly rolled, and the
\spermagonia are very much less conspicuous, produced, how-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 228

ever, in the same way. The spores have thinner walls, are
hghter colored, and are said to be more elongated. In the lat-
ter respect, however, the specimens collected by Arthur have
spores commonly quadrangular, and considerably longer than
wide. A Massachusetts specimen agrees with the typical 4.
punctatum except that the spermagonia are confined to the
lower side of the leaf. That on Hepatica triloba is distinctively
Ay. punctatun.

ZB, acteeee, (Opiz.) Wallr.

®eidia orderless or in circular groups, on pale spots which
later are blackish in the centre; pseudoperidia short-cylindrical,
with a white tube and many times split and recurved border;
spores polygonal, pale yellow, fine-warty, 16-26 « in diameter
by 30 ».—Winter, Die Pilze, p. 268.

On Actea: Jackson, April 25, 4288.

The description is taken from European specimens; those
from Illinois are not fully developed, but seem to be the same.

AS. dicentre, Trelease.

Hypophyllous. icidia uniformly and remotely scattered
over the entire surface, rather large, prominent, border regu-
larly segmented and quite uniformly and abruptly rolled, firm;
spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thin, minutely tubercu-
late, 10-13 by 11-16 uw; spermagonia large, disk-like, rather
distant in a single row on the margin of the leaf, reddish brown.

On Dicentra cucullaria: Jackson, April 20, 4195, April 21,
4211, April 25, 4289, April 27, 4345, April 28, 4360; Union,
April 24, 4252; McLean, May 22, 4731, May 23, 4793.

ZB. Marize-Wilsoni, Peck.

Hypogenous. Spots small, definite, not thickened, yellow-
ish; ecidia small, short-cylindrical, border narrow, many times
split and recurved, subcircinating; spores subglobose or some-
what angular, epispore thin, minutely tuberculate, 11-15 4;
spermagonia preceding and, with the ecidia, mostly on the
upper side of the leaf.

224 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural. History.

Spots orbicular, yellow; subiculum not thickened nor excavated;
peridia small, slightly elevated, subcircinating, numerous, the margin
distinctly scalloped and reflexed ; spores subglobose, orange, becoming
pale, .00056-.00062 in. in diameter.—Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Mus., XXIV.,
p. 92.

On leaves of Viola cucullata: Union, April 24, 4246.

This seems to differ from 2. viol in the leaf-spots not
being thickened, in the ecidia and spores, and in the presence
of spermagonia. Specimens from Professor Trelease, labelled
AG, Petersii, B. & C., on Viola delphinifolinim, cannot be distin-
guished from the species described above and earlier named by
Peck..

44. hibisciatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually few, large, thickened, defi-
nite, brown with a yellow border; peridia mostly densely
crowded, sometimes irregularly circinate, subimmersed; spores
broadly oval, about 18 by 387 ».

Spots orbicular, yellowish, confluent; peridia irregularly but dense-
ly scattered, slender, yellow; spores not compact but loose, yellowish.
—Schweinitz, N. Am. Fungi, No. 2877,

On leaves of Hibiscus militaris: McLean, July 7, 2429,
July 15, 5559.

4&. geranii, DC.

Hypophyllous. Spots definite, not large, purplish or yel-
low, scarcely thickened; zcidia circinating, small, short, deeply
and rather finely split and much recurved; spores subglobose,
epispore thin, thickly tuberculate, 18-21 »; spermagonia clus-
tered in the center of the spots, on both sides of leaf.

; On Geranium maculatum: McLean, May 23, 4752, May 29,
4806, May 30, 4833, May 31, 4866, June 1, 4881: Piatt, May
28; LaSalle, June 16, 5205.

4H. impatientis, Schw.

Hypogenous. Spots sometimes definite, purple, yellow-
bordered, more often effused, on the leaves scarcely thickened,
on the petioles and stems swollen; ecidia subcircinate or irreg-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. * 225

ularly scattered, short, deeply and rather coarsely split and
much recurved; spores subglobose or elliptical (vertical diame-
ter shorter), epispore thin, apparently smooth, contents finely
granular, 15-18 by 18-20 »; spermagonia clustered above in
the centre of the definite spots, otherwise sparsely scattered on
both sides of leaf.

On Impatiens: Union, April 29, 4396; Pulaski, May 4,
4483, May 8, 4559; McLean, May 31,4864, June 24, 5280, July
2, 2425, July 5, 2434, July 7, 2436, July 15, 5557; LaSalle,
June 16, 5206; Adams, July 3, 5388, 5889, July 7, 5451.

44. pteles, B.& C.

Mostly hypophyllous. Spots distinct, yellow, thickened;
ecidia irregularly clustered, cylindrical, rather long, becoming
numerously and deeply split and much recurved; spores sub-
globose or elliptical, large, conspicuously tuberculate, 21-25 by
24-30 »; spermagonia not found.

Spots pallid, in a hollow on the under side of the leaves; pseudo-
podia crowded, short, radiated.—Berkeley, Grev., Vol. IIT, p. 61.

On leaves of Ptelea trifoliata: Adams, June 22, coll. C. A.
Hart; Peoria, July 10, 6516.

There is scarcely any doubt’ but that the plant described
above is the .2eidinm ptelew of Berkeley and Curtis, though the
description in Grevillea is insufficient, and the original speci-
men in the Curtis collection is so poor that its characters can-
not be made out.

4. onobrychidis, Burrill.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct or confluent, somewhat ef-
fused, yellowish brown; ecidia subcircinate, crowded, short,
border abruptly recurved, rather coarsely dissected; spores sub-
globose or elliptical, epispore rather thin, studded with low,
obtuse tubercles, sometimes united in ridges, 19-24 »; sperm-
agonia clustered in the center of spots mostly on the upper
surface, minute, reddish brown.

On Psoralea Onobrychis: LaSalle, June 20, 5249.

4H. psoralez, Peck.
Hypophyllous. Acidia uniformly distributed over the

226 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

leaf, short, soon deeply split and recurved; spores elliptical,
epispore rather thick, densely tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-24 u;
spermagonia numerous, uniformly scattered among the ecidia,
honey-yellow.

, Spots none; peridia abundant, generally {occupying all the lower
surface of the leaf, rarely a few on the upper surface, short, margin
crenulate; spores subglobose and subelliptical, brownish yellow when
fresh, yellowish when dry, .0007-.0008 in. long—Peck, Am. Nat., Vol.
VIL, p. 215.

On Psoralea floribunda: LaSalle, June 20, 5248.
44. leucostictum, B. & C.

Hypophyllous. Spots very small, scarcely evident, not
discolored; secidia very small, irregularly clustered in little
groups, short, border narrow, recurved and many times split;
spores subglobose, minutely tuberculate, 11-12 by 12-16 p.

Minute, scattered or collected into small patches.—Berkeley, Grev.,
Vol. IIL, p. 61.

On Lespedeza procumbens: Johnson, May 11, 4616.

This is named as above in Curtis’ Catalogue of the Plants
of North Carolina, and described in Grevillea (III. p. 61) asa
variety of 4. orobi, Pers. The specific distinction is preferred
on account of the difference in size of scidia and spores as well
as the appearance of the former.

44. orobi, Pers.

Hypophylous. Spots usually conspicuous, yellow, not
thickened; zcidia scattered or collected in orderless groups,
small or medium size, short, border many times split and re-
curved; spores subglobose, usually somewhat angular, epispore
rather thick, studded with low obtuse tubercles, often appear-
‘ing smooth, 18-21 by 21-24 «; spermagonia few, mostly on the
upper side of leaf, in the center of affected spots.

On leaves of Amphicarpwa monoica: LaSalle, June 15,
4989.

This is referred to the above named species with some
doubt as to the identification. The ecidia are collected in
more definite groups than are found in typical specimens of
the species.

Parasitic Fungi of Illimois. 227

4a. grossularie, DC.

Hypogenous. Spots distinct, swollen, yellow; ecidia
densely clustered, medium size, edge entire and erect or often
many times split and recurved; spores subglobose, epispore very
thin, obscurely roughened.

On leaves and fruit of Ribes rotundifolium: McLean, May
22, 4730, May 23, 4758, May 29, 4814, May 30, 4836. Cudzi-
vated gooseberry: McLean, May 31, 4847, coll. C. A. Hart;
Champaign, coll. T. J. Burrill.

4K. epilobii, DC.

Amphigenous. Aicidia scattered rather uniformly over
the surfaces of the leaves, sometimes more abundant beneath,
short, rather coarsely and deeply split and much recurved;
spores subglobose, epispore thin, smooth or nearly so, 15-18 4;
spermagonia honey-yellow, appearing before the ecidia, scat-
tered over both surfaces, more numerous above.

On Enothera biennis: Union, April 29, 5019.

There is much reason to suppose that this is Uromyces
aenothere, Burrill. The specimens on Ginothera linifolia, from
Jackson county, are, if not identical, exceedingly similar, as
may be learned by comparing the descriptions. Moreover, Mr.
C. A. Hart collected May 27th, 1883, in McLean county, on
the radical leaves of what is supposed to be @'nothera biennis,
a Uredo, which is undistinguishable from the uredo form of
this Uromyces. The sori of Mr. Hart’s specimens are developed
on both surfaces of the leaves, but the greater number open on
the under side —the only point of difference noted.

4. cenothere, Peck.

Hypophyllous, or very sparingly produced above. Spots
conspicuous, usually purple, scarcely thickened; ecidia crowded
in a somewhat definite circle, with a small central vacant area,
short, deeply and rather coarsely split and much recurved;
spores subglobose, epispore thin, very minutely tuberculate,
15-18 »; spermagonia few, very inconspicuous, on the upper
side of the leaf in the center of the spots, honey-yellow.

228 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Spots orbicular, scarcely thickened, reddish purple, sometimes
stained with yellow; peridia short, crowded, generally with a small free
central space; spores orange, subglobose, small, .0005 in. in diameter.
Not unfrequently a reddish purple dash extends from the spot +o the
margin of the leaf. The cups sometimes occur sparingly on the upper
surface of the leaf. The free central space appears umbilicus-like, and,
when present, is a noticeable feature.—Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Mus.,
XXIII. p. 60.

On Bnothera biennis: Union, April 27, 4834; Pulaski,
May 8, 4566; McLean, May 20, 4721, May 23, 4757, May 25,:
4780, May 29, 4802, May 30, 4824, May 31, 4848, June 1, 4883,
June 14, 4975, June 19, 5270; Champaign, June 8, 4892; La-
Salle, June 15, 4998; Adams, July 3, 5390.

4H. sambuci, Schw.

Hypogenous. Spots conspicuous, yellow, swollen; «cidia
circinate or more often densely and irregularly crowded, short,
deeply split and recurved; spores subglobose, epispore thin,
minutely tuberculate, 18-21 «; spermagonia very few, in the
center of the spots on both sides of the leaf.

On Sambucus Canadensis: Pulaski, May 5, 4498, 4497;
May 8, 4560; McLean, May 31, 4859 (undeveloped), June 1,
4890 (undeveloped ).

On the young stems the excidia often occur in large dense
clusters with much distortion of the host.

ZK. diodiee, Burrill.

Hypophyllous, on the cotyledons and rarely lower leaves.
Spots distinct, small, greenish brown; ecidia few, in little ir-
regular clusters, small, short, border little or not at all recurved;
spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore rather thin, tuberculate,
17-21 by 21-80 u; spermagonia rather numerous, scattered,
above, not found on many of the spots.

On Diodia teres: Johnson, May 13, 4661, May 16, 4700.

This may be the ecidium of Uromyces spermacoces, which
grows on the same host.

48. cephalanthi, Seymour.

Hypogenous. Spots distinct, brown, scarcely thickened;-
weidia numerous, irregularly crowded, short, the strongly re-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 229

curved narrow border abrupt, finely divided; spores large, sub-
globose or elliptical, epispore very thick, very conspicuously re-
ticulately roughened, 28-36 by 33-43 4; spermagonia scattered
over the upper side of infected area, minute, reddish brown.

On Cephalanthus occidentalis: Ravenswood, near Chicago,
June (A.D. 1883), coll. J. C. Arthur; Quincy, July 12 (A.D.
1883), coll. C. A. Hart.

45. houstoniatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. icidia scattered over the entire leaf,
small, very short, recurved border narrow, many times split;
spores globose or elliptical, often angular, minutely tuberculate,
12-15 by 15-18 »; spermagonia numerous, conspicuous, appear-
ing before the wxcidia, scattered over the entire under surface,
occasionally above, purple.

Without distinct spots. Pseudoperidia elevated, pallid, subconical,
contracted at the apex, and somewhat excavated. Spores orange. The
infected plant, though degenerated, yet flowers.—Schweinitz, N. Am.
Fung., No. 289], p. 293.

On Houstonia cwrulea: Union, April 16, 5010 (Karle),
April 17, 4133, April 26, 4807; Jackson, April 27, 4844, April
28, 4362; Johnson, May 13, 4663.

The infected plants are easily recognized, as the fungus
causes them to grow more slender and more strictly erect, often
taller, and gives them a yellowish appearance.

48. erigeronatum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, large, swollen, yel-
low; ecidia subcircinate or irregularly crowded, short, soon
many times divided and much recurved; fragile, soon becoming
pulverulent; spores subglobose, epispore thin, tuberculate,
12-15 »: spermagonia indistinct, few, usually centrally crowd-
ed, mostly on upper side of leaf, yellow.

Spots large, yellowish, somewhat swollen, pseudoperidia densely
distributed, without order, elevated, spores yellowish.—Schweinitz, N.
Am. Fungi, No. 2869, p. 292.

On Erigeron Canadense: Adams, June 27, 5306, July 6,
5434. E, bellidifolium: Johnson, May 13, 4664, May 16, 4699.

230 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

E. Philadelphicum: Union, April 17, 4136; Champaign, June
8, 4916. EH. annuum: Johnson, May 12, 4634, May 18, 4666;
Champaign, June 8, 4893, June 10, 4953; Adams, June 27,
5805, July 6, 5433.

®, asterum, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, somewhat swollen,
yellow or purple; ecidia subcircinate or irregularly crowded,
short, deeply divided and recurved, soon becoming pulverulent;
spores subglobose, epispore thin, tuberculate, 12-17 »; sperma-
gonia rather indistinct, few, mostly on upper side, yellow.

On Aster sagittifolius: Jackson, April 21, 4212, 4214,
April 25, 4282; Union, April 24, 4253, April 28, 4382; Pulaski,
May 1, 4402, May 5, 4501, May 10, 4588; Johnson, May 11,
4613; McLean, May 20, 4723. Aster sps.: Jackson, April 25,
4285; Pulaski, May 5, 4510; Johnson, May 12, 4646; McLean,
July 7, 2428, July 15,5558. On Solidago latifolia: 4248, 4284,
4782, 4994. On S. cesia: 4249, 4485, 4574, 4506, 4614, 5556.
S. rigida: 4837 (only spermagonia). SS. altissima: 4250,
4575, 4587, 4615, 4665, 4688, 4809, 5253. Solidago sps.: 4050,
4137, 4166, 4175, 4197, 4283, 4808, 4401, 4425, 4426, 4484, 4528,
4647, 4687, 4733.

Schweinitz at first separated those on Solidago under the
name .14. solidaginis, but subsequently united them with the
Aster forms. His change in the form of the specific name to
asteratiwi is not followed.

There seems to be a different A’cidium on Solidago. See
Ellis’ North American Fungi, No. 1018.

44. compositarum.

Under this head are united all the cidia on Composite
except the two foregoing, whose teleutoforms are doubtful. It
is impossible to satisfactorily determine them until full life
histories are worked out. It is even impossible to give in this
place a description of the species properly known as Afridi
compositarum, Mart., neither is it deemed wise to try to refer
anything to the Schweinitzian species, 4. helianthi-mollis and
AG. tracheliifoliatum. Taking the host plants as guide to a
considerable extent, the following forms are noted:

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 231

On Eupatorium. Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, usually
few, conspicuous, yellow; acidia irregularly clustered or some-
what circinate, short, irregularly split and moderately recurved,
soon pulverulent; spores subglobose, epispore rather thin, mi-
nutely tuberculate, 18-20 »; spermagonia several, scattered,
above, honey-yellow. On Eupatorium perfoliatum: McLean,
July 11, 2424.

On Silphinwn: Hypophyllous, and often also epiphyllous.
Spots distinct, {usually widely scattered, not large, yellow,
ecidia ; irregularly (associated, scarcely crowded, deeply im-
mersed, and but slightly projecting above the raised epidermal
border, margin many times split or pulverulent, little excurved;
spores subglobose, often angular, 11-15 »; spermagonia rather
few, conspicuous, reddish brown, central, on both sides of leaf.
On Silphium integrifolium: McLean, May 3, 4852. S. terebin-
thinaceum: McLean,tMay 30, 4825, June 23, 5274, July 2, 2420,
July 11, 2421. SS. laciniatwm: McLean, June, coll. C. A. Hart.

On Ambrosia: Hypophyllous. Spots large, often conflu-
ent, scarcely thickened, yellow or purplish brown; excidia not
closely crowded,’ irregularly distributed over the spot, with,
however, a free central area, short, but not deeply immersed,
" firm, the coarsely divided border widely and elegantly excurved;
spores subglobose, usually angular, epispore firm, smooth, 12—
15 »; spermagonia few, central, on both leaf-surfaces, reddish
orown. On Ambrosia trifida: Champaign, June.

On Xanthium :: Hypophyllous, very rarely also epiphyllous,
Spots not large, distant, scarcely thickened, yellowish, some-
times tinged purple; scidia not densely crowded, irregularly
distributed or subcircinate, mostly irregular in outline, deeply
immersed and protruding little above the raised epidermal bor-
der, the margin pulverulent, rarely lobed and excurved; spores
subglobose or elliptical, often angular, epispore rather thin,
minutely tuberculate, about 15-18 »; spermagonia few, central,
mostly above, minute, yellowish brown. On Xanthium: stru-
marium: Champaign, June. This is much like the form on
Silphium, and answers in some respects to 2. verbesine, Schw.,
and also to 4’. tracheliifoliatum, Schw., but it is probably
neither. The cidium is often followed by Puccinia xanthii,
Schw., and may be connected therewith.

17

232 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

On Helianthus: Hypophyllous, rarely also epiphyllous.
Spots distinct or confluent, usually yellow, somewhat thick-
ened; ecidia subcircinate, not usually densely crowded, short,
not deeply immersed, deeply split and widely recurved, at first
firm, but soon becoming pulverulent; spores subglobose or
elliptical, epispore thin, minutely tuberculate; spermagonia few,
central, mostly on upper side of leaf, inconspicuous, yellowish
brown. On Helianthus sps.: Union, April 24, 4256, 4257,
April 26, 4809; Jackson, April 28, 4869; Pulaski, May 9, 4578;
Johnson, May 12, 4642, 4643, 4644, May 15, 4689.

There seem to be two species on Helianthus, and in No.
4644 on the same host. In one case the ecidia are in large
clusters, with spores about 12-14 by 13-16 #; in the other case
the clusters are small, and the spores measure about 15-21 by
20-24 mu.

On Bidens: Hypophyllous, very rarely also epiphyllous.
Spots mostly rather large, effused, often confluent, purple,
scarcely thickened; ecidia sparsely scattered, rather prominent,
border abruptly and rather conspicuously recurved, firm; spores
subglobose, epispore thin, minutely tuberculate, 15-17 »;
spermagonia few and inconspicuous, mostly central, below,
often altogether wanting. On Bidens frondosa: Adams, June
27, 5804; Champaign, midsummer.

On Lactuca: Hypophyllous. Spots definite, conspicuous,
thickened, mostly widely separated, but sometimes numerous
and somewhat confluent, purple, then brown; ecidia mostly
crowded around a free central space, ‘rather numerous, short,
many times irregularly split and widely recurved or pulveru-
lent; spores angular, irregularly subglobose or broadly oval,
epispore thin, minutely tuberculate, 15-18 »; spermagonia ra-
ther numerous, scattered centrally above, large, simply convex,
reddish brown. On Lactuca Canadensis: McLean, May 20,
4720, May 28, 4748, 4759, May 25, 4781, 47814, May 26, 4798,
May 29, 48038, May 30, 4826, May 31, 4849, 4865, June 1, 4884;
Champaign, June 8, 4894.

4&. plantaginis, Ces.

Amphigenous. Spots usually small, sometimes effused and
large; ecidia collected in little groups or loosely scattered,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 233

short-cylindrical, little or not at all recurved; spores subglo-
bose or elliptical, tuberculate, 18-21 u; spermagonia seldom
found, mostly preceding the ecidia, scattered over the spot on
either side of leaf.

On Plantago Virginica: Union, April 15, 4106, 4126,
April 17, 4134, April 26, 4305, April 27, 43833; Jackson, April
19, 4180, April 28, 4861; Johnson, May 13, 4667.

The determination of this species was made from the speci-
men in Ravenel’s Fungi Americani, No. 483.

Zé. lysimachies, (Schl.) Wallr.

Hypophyllous (also on the petioles). Spots distinct, yel-
lowish, scarcely thickened; ecidia somewhat circinate, short,
the recurved border very narrow; spores subglobose, epispore
thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 21-24 by 22-27 »; spermago-
nia few, central, above.

On Lysimachia ciliata: McLean, June 1, 4882.

The above description is taken from’ specimens on Lysima-
chia ciliata, and agrees, save in the irregularly circinate arrange-
ment of the ecidia, with the specimens in Rabenhorst’s Fungi
Europzi, No. 391. A specimen from Wisconsin on L. lanceo-
lata is distinct, especially in the characteristics of the spores,
but otherwise as well. It is not known what the Schweinitzian
Acidium lysimachie is. Tf the same as Schlectendal’s Cwoma
lysimachie, the second authority for the name should be
Schweinitz; if different, the question arises as to which name
shall be allowed to stand. At all events there does not seem
to be good reason for writing, as is sometimes done, 44 cidium
lysimachie, Lk.

4, pentstemonis, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots definite, purple, yellow-bordered,
usually small, somewhat thickened; ecidia clustered, short, the
deeply recurved border rather coarsely split; spores subglobose,
inconspicuously tuberculate, 18-21 »; spermagonia few, cen-
tral in the spots on both sides of leaf.

On Pentstemon pubescens: Union, April 16, 5014 (Earle),
April 17, 41388; Johnson, May 12, 4645, May 16, 4698.

234 Iilinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

4&. lycopi, Gerard.

Hypogenous. Spots circular, distinct, or more or less con-
fluent, scarcely thickened, purplish brown; ecidia on the leaves
mostly circinate, often in a single circular row, sometimes, by
the confluence of the spots, loosely and irregularly scattered,
on the petioles and stems irregularly crowded, short, recurved
border abrupt and much torn; spores subglobose, epispore thin,
tuberculate, 15-19 »; spermagonia few, centrally clustered
above, reddish brown.

Spots yellow; subiculum more or less thickened; peridia short,
scattered or crowded, margin crenate; spores pale yellow.— Peck, 26
Rep. N. Y. Mus., p. 78.

On Lycopus Europeus: Pulaski, May 2, 4424.

Differs from Gerard’s description in the arrangement of
the zcidia, and less swollen spots.

ZS. myosotidis, Burrill.

Hypogenous. Aicidia uniformly distributed over the leaf,
mostly somewhat densely crowded, rather large, somewhat
prominent, the recurved border wide and rather coarsely divid-
ed; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore thick, conspicuously
tuberculate, 15-18 by 18-22 »; spermagonia numerous, uni-
formly scattered over both surfaces of the leaf, reddish yellow.

On Myosotis verna: Union, April 12, 4026, 4029, April 18,
4067, April 17, 4132, April 26, 4306; Jackson, April 27, 4343,
April 28, 4364.

The distribution of the ecidia is decidedly different from
that of Acidium asperifolit, Pers.,as described, as well as from
the specimens at hand, and similarly different from those
named Aicidium lycopsidis, Desv., Ay. lithospermi, Thiim., and
Ay, symphyti, Thiim. The three last are made synonyms of the
first by Winter, and all are said to be the ecidia of Puccinia
rubigo-vera. The latter is common in Illinois in wide areas
where Myosotis does not occur, and no other species of Borrugi-
nacee has been observed infested with the Acidiwm.

48. hydrophylli, Peck.

Hypophyllous. Spots conspicuous, distinct, yellowish;
ecidia subcircinate, short, recurved border rather wide and

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 235

deeply divided; spores subglobose, epispore thin, smooth or
nearly so, 18-21 »; spermagonia numerous, scattered over the
central area of the spot above.

Spcts small, few, yellow, with a pale greenish border; subiculum
thickened, whitish, peridia few, generally crowded, short, the margin
subcrenate; spores bright yellow or orange; spermagonia central, on
the opposite side.—Peck, 26 Rep. N. Y. Mus. p. 78.

On Hydrophyllum appendiculatum: McLean, July 20, 5600.

4&. polemonii, Peck.

Hypophyllous. Spots usually distinct, yellowish brown,
border effused; ecidia irregularly clustered. usually about a free
central area, short, recurved border wide and rather coarsely
divided; spores subglobose or elliptical, often angular, epispore
thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 18-21 by 21-25 «: spermago-
nia few, central, on both surfaces.

Spots suborbicular, pallid or greenish-yellow, sometimes confluent;
peridia hypophyllous, crowded, short; spores globose or subellipti-
cal, bright orange, .0008-.001 of an inch in diameter, minutely rough;
spermagonia central on both sides of the leaf.—Peck, Bot. Gaz., Vol. IV.
p. 230.

On Polemonium reptans: McLean, May 29, 4807. Philor
pilosa: McLean, May 31, 4851.

48. solani, Mont.

Hypogenous. Aicidia uniformly, usually densely, digtrib-
uted in patches over the leaf-surface, short, friable, soon be-
coming pulverulent; spores subglobose or elliptical, often
angular, epispore rather thick, obscurely tuberculate, 13-15 by
15-21 »; spermagonia very abundant, hypophyllous, scattered
over extended patches with or without cidia, comparatively
large, honey-yellow.

On Physalis viscosa: Urbana, Ill, May 30 (A.D. 1879),
T. J. Burrill.

There is a Puccinia physalidis, Peck, from Colorado, of
which the above may be the ecidial form, but so far as known
the Puccinia has not been collected east of the Mississippi.

236 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

/H, apocyni, Schw.?

Undeveloped. ;
On Apocynum cannabinum: McLean, June 14, 4977.

44. Jamesianum, Peck.

Amphigenous, on the leaves more abundant beneath.
Spots circular, distinct, or often confluent, on the leaves some-
what, and on the stems much swollen; ecidia subcircinate or
irregularly crowded, short, pseudoperidium fragile, soon becom-
ing pulverulent; spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore very
thick, conspicuously and densely tuberculate, the tubercles
often united in short irregular ridges, 21-36 by 24-45 », usu-
ally about 30 by 39 »; spermagonia numerous, scattered or cen-
trally clustered above, nearly black.

On Asclepias Cornuti: McLean, May 26, 4799, June 1, 4886,
June 19, 5264, June 23, 5277, July 14, 5535, July 17, 5582.

Occurs on stems, petioles and midribs, forming swellings,
and on both sides of the leaf, being most plentiful on the lower
surface. It is very destructive, eating holes in leaves and
stems. The spores are very remarkable for size, marking and
thickness (5 ») of epispore.

There is a different Acidium on Asclepias Corniuti, speci-
mens of which were received from E. W. Holway, Decorah,
Towa, labeled 4. Jamesianum.

4

44. fraxini, Schw.

Hypogenous, occurring especially along the veins and upon
the leaf-stalks. Spots definite, swollen, often purple; ecidia
more or less densely clustered, few or many, elongate, cylindri-
cal, tardily lacerated, but ultimately deeply split and recurved;
spores elliptical, epispore thin, tuberculate, 21-24 by 24-32 up;
spermagonia rather numerous, scarcely elevated, on the upper
side of leaf, scattered over central area of the spot.

On Fraxinus viridis: Champaign, June 8, 4915, June 10,
4954; LaSalle, June 21, 5252; McLean, June 24, 5279, July 5,
2427.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 237

4a. pustulatum, Curtis.

Hypogenous. Spots small, reddish yellow, thickened;
ecidia rather densely crowded, often in asmall circle with a
vacant.centre, short, rather finely split and recurved; ‘spores
subglobose, inconspicuously tuberculate, 16-21 »; spermagonia
few, yellowish, epiphyllous, difficult to make out.

Spots small, yellowish, sometimes stained with red, thickened, often
concave above, convex below; peridia short, subcrowded, often forming
a circle about a free central space;spores pale orange, subglobose,
.00066-.00083 in. in diameter.—Peck, 23 Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 60.

On Comandra umbellata: McLean, May 20, 4717, May 25,
4782, May 29, 4804, May 30, 4827, 4850; Champaign, June 10,
4955.

48. euphorbie, Gmel.

Hypophyllous. Aicidia uniformly scattered over the en-
tire surface, short, the narrowly recurved border soon becoming
pulverulent; spores subglobose to oblong, often irregular and
angular, epispore rather thick, tuberculate, 12-15 by 15-24 »;
spermagonia scattered among the ecidia or none, not found on
the upper side of leaf.

On leaves of Euphorbia polygonifolia: Ravenswood, near
Chicago, Oct. 11, 1883, J.C. Arthur. EH. hypericifolia: Adams,
June 29, 5350, July 6, 5430; McLean, July 7, 2482, July 27,
2431, Oct. 6, 1801; Tazewell, July 22, 2430; Piatt, Aug. 27,
1106. E. maculata: Kane, Aug. 30,1874; McHenry, Sept. 1,
1414; Boone, Sept. 2, 1420; LaSalle, Sept. 16, 1548, 1549;
Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1617, Sept. 24, 1651. EH. dentata: Adams,
July 6, 5428; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6182.

This occurs with Uromyces euphorbic in Nos. 1064, 1548,
1616, 2353, and 5428. The genetic connection has not been
ascertained for our plants.

Persoon is often given as the authority for this name, but
in his Syn. Fung., p. 211, he refers to Gmelin as the author.
AS. Euphorbie-hypericifolie, Schw., is probably a synonym.

. crotonopsidis, Burrill.

Hypogenous, occurring upon the cotyledons, and less com-
monly on the caulicle and lower leaves. Spots distinct, dark-

238 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

colored, the affected cotyledons soon yellow; scidia not numer-
ous, irregularly clustered, short-cylindrical, becoming coarsely
divided and widely spreading, pseudoperidium thin but firm;
spores irregular, mostly elliptical, epispore rather thick, tuber-
culate, 12-15 by 15-18 «; spermagonia very few, scattered,
above.

On Crotonopsis linearis: Johnson, May 12, 4648, May 18,
4662, May 16, 4701.

48. urtice, Schum.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, brown, border yellow; ecidia
densely clustered, short, the narrow border abruptly turned,
finely divided; spores subglobose, epispore rather thin, sparsely
tuberculate, 15-21 »; spermagonia minute, scattered, on the
upper side of spot, reddish brown.

On Urtica: Warsaw, IIL, June 27, coll. C. A. Hart.

4&. smilacis, Schw.

Hypophyllous. Spots large, circular, somewhat effused,
pale yellowish, somewhat thickened; ecidia irregularly seat-
tered or crowded, short, recurved border wide and rather
coarsely divided; spores irregular, mostly angular, elliptical to
oblong, epispore thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 15-18 by
18-22 »; spermagonia rather numerons, scattered, mostly
above, honey-yellov.

On Smilax herbacea: Ravenswood, near Chicago, June 29
(1883), J. C. Arthur.

AB. trillii, Burrill.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct or somewhat confluent, cir-
cular, effused, yellowish; ecidia densely aggregated around a
free central circular space, sometimes with a more or less dis-
tinct outer circle later in development, short, pseudoperidium
thin, fragile, soon after opening becoming pulverulent; spores
subglobose, epispore very thin, smooth, 19-24 »; spermagonia
very numerous, rather prominent, scattered, central, on both
sides of leaf.

On Trillium recurvatum: Union, April 24, 4251.

Differs from Al. conrallarie in the more fragile and fuga-
cious zecidia, and in the smooth, very much thinner epispore.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 239

4&. convallariz, Schum.

Hypophyllous. Spots distinct, or more or less confluent,
lemon-yellow, scarcely thickened; xcidia loosely clustered, ir-
regular or subcircinate, short-cylindrical, recurved border nar-
row and abruptly turned; spores subglobose or oval, sometimes
angular, epispore thick, conspicuously tuberculate, 21-24 by
24-30 »; spermagonia numerous, scattered over the central
area of the spot on both surfaces, dark reddish brown.

On Smilacina: McLean, May 26, 4797. S. stellata: Mc-
Lean, June 1, 4885; LaSalle, June 19, 5224. S. racemosa:
McLean, May 31, 4861, 4862.

RG@STELIA, REBENT.

Spoues one-celled, in chains or vertical rows, without pedi-
cels; sorus enclosed in an elongated, usually tapering, pseudo-
peridium, which pretrudes far through the ruptured epidermis
of the host, and which becomes deeply split and fringed; with
spermagonia. On species of Pomec.

ZEcidia usually hypophyllous, lower part sunk in the swollen tissues
of the leaves, forming above cylindrical, conical, or oblong projections,
which are often split and fringed in the upper part, peridium composed
of large colorless cells, spores brownish or orange-colored, subglobose
when mature, formed in moniliform rows. Spermagonia punctiform,
forming minute dark-colored pustules in discolored spots on the upper
surface of the leaves. Mycelium infesting the leaves and stems of differ-
ent Pomex.—Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U.S. p. 24.

The forms included here are now supposed to be (like those
of A’cidium) mere stages of development of other teleutospor-
ous species, and perhaps all belong to Gymnosporangium. The
genetic connection of the forms placed in these two genera was
first shown by Oersted, of Denmark, in 1865, who satified him-
self, by artificially sowing the spores, of the relationship exist-
ing. His conclusions have since been confirmed by DeBary in
Germany, Cornu in France, and Cramer in Switzerland; but
nothing conclusive has been ascertained in our country save
from the effects in nature of the proximity of the different hosts
and their parasites. Professor Farlow’s artificial cultures (The
Gymnosporangia of the United States, p. 32, etc.) gave not only

240 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

negative results, but served to throw doubt upon previous con-
clusions. In Illinois one species only of Gymnosporangium has
been collected (from Juniperus Virginiana), and wherever this
has been observed near apple orchards the latter have been
strikingly infested with Restelia. Unfortunately the specific
type of the latter —from anatomical characteristics — cannot
be confidently given at the time of this writing. It seems to
be R. lacerata.

R. lacerata, (Sow.) Fr.

/Kcidia hypophyllous, sometimes on the stems and young
fruit, seated on the yellow pulvinate thickening of the leaves,
slender, cylindrical or somewhat subulate, recurved, densely
clustered, 5-30 together; peridia yellowish white, rather deli-
cate, soon splitting and becoming fimbriate, the divisions not
extending to the base of the peridium; cells of peridium nar-
row, 20 » broad by 55-72 » long; spores brownish, roundish-
oblong, surface finely granulated, 19-24 » in diameter. Sper-
magonia in yellowish spots on the upper surface of the leaves.
(Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U.8., p. 30.)

On leaves of Crategus tomentosa: Lee, Sept. 8, 5715; La-
Salle, Sept. 13, 1509; Union, Oct. 31, 2141. C. tomentosa, var.
mollis: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1122; LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1510, Sept. 18,
1528; JoDaviess, Sept. 18, 5980; Ogle, Sept. 26, 6193. C. to-
mentosa, var.: Piatt, Aug. 17, 1118; LaSalle, Sept. 12, 1472.
C. coccinea: Kane, Aug. 30, 1385.

R. penicillata, (Sow.) Fr.

Same as R. lacerata, but ecidia smaller and frequently con-
centrically arranged, peridia splitting to the base, the divisions
very numerous, revolute, fimbriate, formed of one or more rows
of cells. (Farlow, Gymnosporangia of the U. S., p. 30.)

On leaves of Pyrus coronaria: Tazewell, July 22, 2433,
2436; McLean, Aug. 1, 2435; Champaign, Aug. 18, 1042; Piatt,
Aug. 16, 1082; McHenry, Aug. 20, 1161, Aug. 27, 1334; Lee,
Sept. 8, 5714; Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5838; LaSalle, Sept. 14,
1522; JoDaviess, Sept. 15, 5910; Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1631.

Parasitic Fungi of MMinois. 241

PERIDERMIUM, Linx.

Spores one-celled, in chains or vertical rows, without pedi-
cels; sorus inclosed in a variously-shaped pseudoperidium, which
protrudes through the ruptured substratum and bursts irregu-
larly; with spermagonia. On Conifere.

This so-called genus is composed of probable ecidioforms
of Melampsora, Chrysomyxa and Coleosporium species. The
mycelium is, however, perennial in the bark and medullary
rays of coniferous trees, from which the fruit-form may be an-
nually produced during seventy or more years,—the parts of
the host in the meantime becoming variously deformed, and the
growth more or less seriously reduced.

Not yet observed in Illinois.

ENDOPHYLLUM, LivEILLE.

Spores one-celled, produced in -chains or vertical rows,
without pedicels, the sorus inclosed in a pseudoperidium im-
mersed in the substratum; with spermagonia.

This genus was at first separated from Acidiwm only on
account of the immersed pseudoperidia, which, unlike those of
the latter genus, do not protrude through the ruptured epider-
mis to form a separate cup-like organ; but later investigations
have shown that the spores in germination emit a true promy-
celium bearing sporidia, altogether similar to the germination-
development of the teleutospores of Puccinia and the other
genera of Uredinew. The mycelium in the newly affected plant
survives the winter and fruits the next spring.

No species yet observed in Illinois. They may be looked
for on various species of Crassulacew, and perhaps on those of
Euphorbiacee.

GLOSSARY.

Aicidioform, excidiostage, the first of the alternating fruit forms of numer-
ous species of Uredinez.

_Ecidiospores, the spores of ecidia.

Acidium (pl. xcidia), a generic name; also the cup-like organ character-
istic of the genus.

Amphigenous, produced on various parts of a plant, especially on both
sides of leaves.

Apiculate, furnished with an apiculus.

Apiculus, a short terminal point.

Ascus (pl. asci), a spore sack or case, formed of a single cell, from the
protoplasm of which the spores are produced.

Bullate, puckered or crinkled; said of leaves in which the veins seem
too short or too near tugether for the intervening substance.

Capitate, having a somewhat globular head.

Cauline, pertaining to the stem

Circinate, coiled like a watch spring, often used to indicate a circular ar-
rangement.

Clavate, gradually thickened upward, club-shaped.

Confluent, united, running together.

Constricted, pinched or drawn in.

Cotyledons, the seed-leaves of plants.

Cuneate, cuneiform, wedge-shaped.

Echinulate, closely beset with little sharp-pointed prickles.

Effused, poured out, spreading.

Epigenous, produced upon or above, usually used synonymously with
epiphyllous.

Epiphyllous, on the upper side of leaves.

Erumpent, breaking out, or bursting through.

Exsiccati, dried specimens.

Ferments, living organisms capable of changing, by their processes of nu-
trition, the chemical composition of organic substances.

Ferruginous, rust-colored.

Fimbriated, fringed.

Flavescent, growing yellow, yellowish,

Fugacious, early falling off.

Fuscescent, approaching fuscous or dark brown.

Fuscous, dark brown.

Globose, nearly spherical.

244 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Grumulose, like clustered grains.

Host, the supporting plant, that upon which a parasite lives.

Hyaline, glass-like, transparent.

Hymenium, fruit producing surface.

Hypha (pl. hyphx), a filament of afungus. The vegetative hyphz taken
in quantity are-called the mycelium.

Hypogenous, produced below.

Hypophyllous, growing from the under side of leaves.

Innate, growing inside or inclosed.

Laciniate, cut-fringed.

Lutescent, pale yellow.

Mucronate, abruptly pointed with a spine.

‘Mycelium, the vegetative filaments of fungi.

Nuclear, pertaining to a nucleus.

Nucleus, a differentiated portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

Pallescent, approaching pallid.

Pallid, of a pale undecided color.

Papilla, a small obtuse protuberance.

Papillate, covered with papillee.

Paraphyses, sterile elongated organs bordering a sorus, or distributed
among the spores.

Parasite, one living upon and drawing its sustenance from another.

Parasitic, having the characteristics of a parasite.

Parenchyma, a tissue of thin walled cells, mostly somewhat spherical.

Parenchymatous, composed of parenchyma.

Pathogenic, disease producing.

Pedicel, ‘a foot stalk, the stem of a spore.

Peduncle, a stalk, sometimes used for the stem of a spore, but more com-
monly as the main stalk of a flower or flower cluster.

Peridium, a wrapper or covering. The membranous vessel inclosing the
spores in Acidium is usually called a pseudoperidium, but for
brevity the former is sometimes used.

Pilose, thinly covered with hairs which are long and weak.

Promycelium, the germinal filament of a teleutospore upon which spor-
idia are borne.

Pseudoperidium, a false peridium, the cup of cidium.

Pseudopodia, false feet.

Pulverulent, powdery, covered with dust.

Pulvinate, cushion-like.

Punctate, dotted.

Recurved, bent backwards or outwards.

Reflexed, bent abruptly backwards or outwards.

Reticulately, in a net-like manner.

Rufous, red-brown.

Saprophyte, a plant living on dead organic matter.

Septate, divided by one or more partitions.

Septum (pl. septa), a partition wall.

Glossary. 245

Sorus, a spore cluster, or sometimes a c.uster of spore cases.

Spadiceous, a bright clear brown.

Spermagonia, minute cysts or capsules containing spermatia.

Spermatia, exceedingly minute bodies produced like spores, and proha-
bly under certain circumstances capable of germination, produced
in spermagonia.

Spores, a general term applied to the reproductive bodies of cryptogamous
plants, differing from a seed in having no embryo.

Sporidia, reproductive bodies borne upon a promycelium, or as some-
times used, the spores produced in asci.

Sterigma (pl. sterigmata), foot-stalks of spores, usually applied to those of
very minute size.

Strix, longitudinal lines or marks.

Striate, having strie.

Subiculum, the modified tissue of the host penetrated by the mycelium
of a parasite.

Subulate, aw]-shaped.

Teleutoform, the last or final fruit-form in the alternating generations of
Uredinex.

Teleutospore, the last spore of a series, the final spore.

Testaceous, brick-color, brownish yellow, orange yellow with much gray.

Tubercle, a small obtuse prominence.

Turbinate, top-shaped.

Uredo, a generic name, also one of the fruit-forms of Uredinew, next be-
fore the teleutospore.

Uredoform, wredospore, see Uredo.

Verrucose, covered with little warts.

Vertex, the upper extremity, here applied to the whole top of a spore,
while apex designates the point only.

#, one thousandth of a millimetre, about one twenty-five thousandth of
an inch.

I., IL, IIL, the first, second and third forms of the fungus; or ecidium,

uredo and teleutoform.

Errata. 247

ERRATA.

Page 142, line 18 from bottom, for insiduous read insidious.
Page 163, line 12, for Rudbeckiz read rudbeckie.

Page 167, line 7, for 25-23 » read 25-32 u; line 15, for
spharganii read sparganii; line 5 from bottom, for ery-
theronii read erythronii.

Page 169, line 10, for acuminatus read acuminata.

Page 172, line 1, for circew read circew; line 8, for Cda.
read Car.; for aculeata read podophylli; line 4, after flosculoso-
rum insert Roehl.

Page 173, lines 5 and 6 from bottom, for parenchymentous
read parenchymatous.

Page 175, line 18 from bottom, for densey read densely.

Page 179, line 15 from bottom, for Proserpinacea read
Proserpinaca; line 9 from bottom, for 24-66 u read 24-36 u.

Page 180, line 4, for marked read naked.

Page 181, line 5, for 23-45 » read 30-45 uw; line 18 from
bottom, for Avcidum read Avcidium; line 3 from bottom, for
Kuhnie read kuhnie.

Page 182, line 10, for ewpatoriodes read eupatorioides.
Page 183, line 4 from bottom, for 25 read 24.
Page 184, line 9, for 169 read 180.

Page 198, line 9 from bottom, for phragmites read
phragmitis.

INDEX TO HOST PLANTS.

Agrimonia Eupatoria ............ 220
parviflora wo... eeeee 220
Agrostis vulgaris... -.. 198

Aletris farinosa....

Allium striatum ........
AMDTOSIA, ......,cc0rtisvessivaccoeensee

TIAA is snczecvecassaconsosns
Amorpha canescens...

PrUllCOBA: civsiiecosswsesesneeres
Amphicarpeea monoica........... 226
ANCLOPOMON w...eeseeeeevensees 299, 203

furvatus ........... ..-.199, 203

scoparius ........... ...199, 203
Anemone cylindrica .............. 172

NEMOYOSA oo. eeeeeseeeeeeeeeneees

_ Penrtsylvanica...

Virginiana
Apocynum cannabinum......... 236
Apple.............. sbiecinn 144, 145, 154
Ariszema dracontium 166
triphyllum .......... eee 166
Asclepias cornuti........ 163, 236
INCATNALA.........seeseeeeeeseeee 164
tuberosa .... 164
AStOR issesacssaeneesese a 183, 216, 230
WISER ss ace ssdteicdtwesacpeoceien 183
Novee-Angliee...... 000s 183
sagittifolius ........ 183, 216, 230
Shortii 183
Barberry’ s.i-cisecsrsweaeeroress 145, 154
BiG@HB :-sesee.csecccessne asec teredvers 232
frondosa ........seseeeeevenceees 232
Blephilia hirsuta... 190, 191
Borraginace® ........cceeerseeeeeees 234

Buckthorn sssssicsessesorvereaseaevs 154

Cereals
Circzea alpina.....

Lutetiana.
CLP SIM ising cscs Gara ee uettceeaiseeats

lanceolatum
Claytonia Virginica.............66
Composite

Crateegus coccinea .. .....

TOMENTOSA veers secceecceeesees
var. mollis
WOM ars cerciecn oe

Croton capitatum......... cere 213
monanthogynus ...........00 218
procumbens

Crotonopsis linearis......... 213, 238

Cunila Mariana..............ceeseee 190

Cupressing........... . 209

Cynthia Virginica..

Desmodium .......... bs
Camadense ........ceeseseeveees
CuspidatuMm.......s.ceeeeee
paniculatum
rotundifolium ............606 160

Dicentra cucullaria..............++ 223

Diodia teres .........0..sessce0e 163, 228

Dulichium spathaceum ......... 196

Elephantopus -----sssceseesseeerees 217
Carolinianus ......... see 216

Elodes Virginica.............- 157, 158

Elymus Virginicus...........170, 200

250

Epilobium angustifolium........ 213
COloratum .........ccee eee eeeee
montanum .. a
TOBOUMI i... cent seeerencne neat

Eragrostis pectinacea ............ 201

Erigeron annuum ee
bellidifolium ..............06
Camadense.......ccceseseeeeeee 229
Philadelphicum ...

Erythronium ....

Eupatorium ....... 2
ageratoides ........ceeccereeees
perfoliatum .............:006-

Euphorbia
Centata .......00:ccceeceees ]
heterophylla .............665

hypericifolia.............. 165, 237

maculata ....... eee 165, 237

polygonifolia 0.0.0.0... 237
Euphorbiaces® .......ceeeeeee
Fraxinus viridis .............c000+
Galium concinnunm ....

triflorum ...... wee 181
Gentiana puberula...............+ 193

Geranium maculatum...
Gilia

Gooseberry, cultivated...........
Grasse8............66 154, 169,
Hedysarum paniculatum........ 160
Helianthus........ 185, 186, 217, 232

ANNUUS! axoctsrviesvsenavacsacceces 185

decapetalus...............c- 185

mollis.........

rigidus
Hepatica triloba ........... 222, 223
Hibiscus militaris.............00 224
Hieraceum .........ccseeeeceeseeeeees 187

Canadense .........cceeeeseeeee 187
Hordeum jubatum................. 198
Houstonia coerulea........cccee 229
Hydrangea*arborescens ......... 219
Hydrophyllum appendicula-

PUD | oeseser sie Sinctaneed eaianigass
Hypericum ..ssscvesesnecessneveees

mutilum oo...
Impatiens ........

PUNV A: west cose accesaserdeaasantes 176

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Impatiens — (continued)

pallida 176
Ipomcea lacunosa 217
Nil envesvemracvesieenspesecs 217, 218
pandurata ........eccseeeee 217, 218
Juncus tenuis .......-.cscseeee secre 168
Juniperus Virginiana ...... 210, 240
Kuhnia eupatorioides...........+ 182
Lactuca ws 232
Canadensis ........:..-.seseeeee 232
Lathyrus ochroleucus.......-.-+- 161
Palusttis cicsrcasessicrevererere 161
VETIENOSUG......... cece es eeeeeeees 161
Leguminosce ......cccccseeesceeseeee 209
Lespedeza capitata........csere 161
Biv, syccacshaaeacs cutee ates ones 161
procumbens ... ..160, 226
LOPCNS sscmiciezssssnsereasrwestaee 160
ViolaCeD ........0- ee ceeneesee eee 161
Lobelia puberula .............:008+ 188
syphilitica ........ceeeeeeees 188
Lophanthus nepetoides ......... 191
Lycopus Europeus ............06 234
Lysimachia ciliata ...............4. 2338
lanceolata .........:..6. ceeeeee 233
MECNIEAAL jscicccaccesnetiessherwer denned 190
Canadensis .... .. 190
Mitella diphylla .......... ee 178
Monarda Bradburiana ............ 190
fistulosa - 190
PUNctata swesisrsscceed ens 190
Muhlenbergia ...............ccc seen 197
Myosotis ...........ceeceeee . 234
verna .... 234
Onis ieee Geese asics 154, 198, 200, 201
Cnothera biennis............ 227, 228
linifolia..... sec eeeeeeee 162, 227
Osmorrbiza...........0.00 180
brevistylis 180
longistylis 180
POTIGUM: <ssaccecu sesugeediaateness 201
capillare 201
crus-galli w» 202
PuUbescens oo... es seeeeeeeees 201
VirgatUmM ..........sseseeee 170, 201
Peltandra Virginica...............

Pentstemon pubescens

Index to Host Plants.

PHENOMAMS ooesesceccscsesesseeenses 152
Phaseolus diversifolius ......... 162
helvolus .....c.csseseeeeee a» 162
Vulgaris esses secacesewecsssnnaves 162
Phlox pilosa.........ccccseeeeceeeeees 235
Aivaricata wc. 192
Phragmites communis ........... 199
Physalis viscosa .......:-.sssscereee 235
Pints sevasecncisasscncvenssansemacsaress
Pistacea ....
Plantago Virginica..............06 233
Podophyllum peltatum ......... 173
Polemonium reptans
Polygonum acre .......000.ecee ee
aviculare, var. erectum..... 164
amphibium ...............:066
Pennsylvanicum.
TAMOSISSIMUM ........0see00s
Virginianum ........-...ce
POMEL s.sevissccamsavsncssaeeeers
Populus monilifera ...............
tremuloides .............seeeee
Potentilla ..........cccceseeees
Canadensis .............

Proserpinaca palustris 179
Prunus Americana...........177, 178

BELOCINA ......ceses cceeeeeee 177, 178
Virginiana, .........ceccceesees 177
Psoralea floribunda..............+ 226
Onobrychis..........02csseere 225
Ptelea trifoliata.............. deesiee 225
Pyenanthemum lanceolatum.. 190
Vinifolium ...........ccceeeeee eee 190
pilosum........ 190
Pyrus coronaria 240
Ranunculus abortivus............ 222
TOPENS ...eccecesesseeteceeeeseees 173
Red Cedar.....cccccseceserrerert 145, 154
RWS ss aiverstienapieaseashelensentanevere 159
toxicodendron ............4 158
Ribes rotundifolium............. 227
ROSA: sisessesse ones Hed aoe 204, 207

RUDUS -savacoadiacacdsecanmedevevansene 204

251
Rubus — (continued, ):
StVIQOSUS ...sccccceeseeeenseeeees 207
villosus........ 178, 208, 220, 221
Rudbeckia laciniata...... sieeaiaues 163
Ruellia cilioga ........ccccssssseseees 189
strepens
BY Goss cians dacsisaisane¥s vei ad oeataatavess
Sambucus canadensis
Salix: onncecwcccescieereavieey
COYOALA....0cscseccecescees se
longifolia .............0066 sess 214
Scirpus atrovirens ..............08 197
fluviatilis .........cccsceeeeceees 169
VALIAUS. sscisvacecesesevareanveres 196
Sedges
Senecio

Seymeria macrophylla ....

Sida spinosa veee 175
Silphium siscccisscassesseccrsreeves 231
integrifolium .....184, 217, 231
laciniatum .........:ceeceeeee 231

perfoliatum 184
terebinthinaceum 184, 217, 231
SHAUACING casedeesissiescis saceeonses
racemosa ....
stellata 0...
Smilax herbacea.
hispida ....csscaseassssvescens
Solidago
altissima ..

gigantea ......seseeee eee:
latifolia ......ccce seers
VIGIGA ....cseceeerssesseeceeeeseee
ulmifolia
Sonchus arvensis .........-..e000 216
Spartina cynosuroides...... 169, 199
Sparganium eurycarpum........ 167
Sunflower ........eecsereacees ere 151.
Taraxacum
dens-leonis .........0:ccseseeeee
Tephrosia Virginiana ............
Tricuspis seslerioides..............
Trillium recurvatum ...
TIrtica ......scccerccstenceseresensenees

bee eeree cer seetenccnceees

252

Vaccinium «00... cece eeee ee eeeeeeee 212
Vascular cryptogams. 152
VGIMNONIG cos. cineca cves an epiesaaeves 217
fasciculata ................ 186, 216
Wi Glace cicescewssccngneucarasaenstaceses 174
cucullata .............06 174, 224
delphinifolium ............... 224
PUDESCENS ........ceeeeeeeee ee 174

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Viola — (continued,)

StPlatacszi..cieseetsesvecaeeatyens 174
Wheat........148, 145, 148, 154, 198,
199, 200

Kanth i wM ssweseadisssincede. sea varsnoeve 231
strumarium .............. 185, 231

INDEX TO SPECIES.

AXciwium, 148, 155, 294, 219, 221, |

230, 286, 239, 241

BICLEDED sacsiicindiendsiaa sicisomaients asec 223
ANEMONES csesrspercntmasccxeers 222
APOCYDIL secisesedsss<ssessceesees 236
ASPEFifOlil sssecssaawcrenarves 234
ASLETOLUIN oececeecsceneneeeeensees 230
asterum..... 230
calystegiee wo. see eee 192
cephalanthi ....... eee 228
Claytoniaqum ..ccceeeceeseeees 175
COLUMNALE.........-e eee essen 212
compositarum .......... ce 230
convallarize ...............
crotonopsidis ....

GICENTE --...: sees ceccaeeoseeees

GO GIE cactacansaseudsvevanensosen

UD UUM vsisinra soca cna aaideweniad duebee 192

OpilObil sees sseennsers rrsseveaces 22T *

erigeronatum .. .............. 229
euphorbie ............... 165, 237
Euphorbie-hy percifoliae... 237 |
PARI secseciccsescacasedsaicnse epi 236
POTANN ercsc accuse wmansvonamiede 224
graminis......... 148
grossulariv .......... 227
helianthi-mollis ... . 230
hibisciatum «0.0.0.0... 224
houstoniatum .............. 229
hydrophylli ......... cee 234

AAcidium — (continued, )

impatientis ... 224
Jamesianum...... 236
leucospermum..............06- 222
leucostictum ..............06- 226
lithospermi..................... 234
LUMinatum wee cceeeracereeoes 221
lycopi ........ » 234
lycopsidis ... 234
lysimachie....... . 233
Mariee-Wiisoni ............... 223°
myosotidis ....... 0c 234
NUCNS cccee nem adwesva ses 221
cenotherze 227
onobrychidis .... 225
OLODI avevicevenetanamnsmeanansasten 226
pentstemonis ...............+ 233
ROLE SU acrectess salads vouealadtaeatans
plantaginis ................eeee
podoplrylli..........ceee
polemonii...

psoralee ....

Pteled .......ccccseeseceseeesees
PUNCHALUM «2... cere eee
pustulatum ..

quadrifidum

ranunculacearum ....
YANUNCUI} ........c ee eeeeeeeeeeee 222
BSAMDUCL extericac.cadccesocevees 228
SMilAaCIS ...... ee eee eeeeeee oe 238

Index to Species.

/Ecidium — (continued, )

SOLAN ceseesedssamnenevescrescan

solidaginis ..

symphyti...

LONE sess ceissaiaccawsinmicdeayecints

tracheliifoliatum........ 230, 231

tH sjcseeoveswewsnercarevenecens 3S

UPC cawonseriens dts seins sins 238

verbesing ..... 231

Vile os... 174

viole....... visistinin stele gos we 224
AscopoLus furfuraceus........... 158
AULOPUCCINUG .oececercesccccrrersseeee 171
C.moma..155, 204, 215, 218, 219, 220

AgTIMONI® ........... 0000 2

Ari Virginici....

Claytoniatum

elephaniopodis

Duminatum oeccecceccssesseseeen

TyStMchte .eeceecccsceseceeereees

MANAALA Lecce sscccsssenveaseenees ?

HILOLS cies cavwsicactsemarsacin
Calyptospora ..........

Geeppertiane .....6..00008 vie 212
CHRYSOMYXA........00ee 156, 218, 241

CoLEosPoRiuM....156, 215, 219, 220,

miniatun ...
ochraceum...
senccionis ..
Solidaginis
sonchi-arvensis ...........:..- 215
VerNnOnid cisscccarissesscvecease 217
CRONARTIUM 0... .cecseeseeneeees 156, 211
asclepiadeum, var. thesii .. 211
comandre .. vies DAA
Daruuvca filum ... ... 168

DRORONG, «2. caseccinsscnadssnecnseeeeees 178
Doruipxa solidaginis .......... 217
ENNDOPHYLLUM .....sseeseeeeeee 154, 241
FUpuceinid cecccceseeeeeseseeeneneees 171
GyYMNOSPORANGIUM....155, 209, 239,

240

MACYOPUS oo... secre eeeeee 144, 210

258

FLOMipucetis viceecceesscssececeesees 171
Heteropuce nid... ciccccereccscrevssees 171
DeCYtRCd weeecerserccccessenseceee 177, 218
Leptopuccinia ...... diets sae gestewe 171
MEvampsora .....156, 177, 211, 241
BiqQlowtt ccccciccssvesevevevsevesc 214
CUPTEANUM veeseceresseceree seers 214
CTOLODIS 1.0... eseseeeeeeeeeeene 213
epilobii ......... 212
Goeppertiana .... a 212
Hartigti 0... see 214
MOMUBR wx sien sniaesonveniayedcersa 214
POPULINA vo. eee 214
BALICIN A) 12. ccccetaiacenssacasecere 214
O21 214
Melampsorella .... 212
MAcropucctnia 0... ccseceseeeeeseeees 171
-PERIDERMIUM..... 155, 212, 241
abietinum ........ 0... eeeeeee 218
balsameum «uc. eeeeees 212
COLUMNATE....0ccccecreneeseeneees 212
PU cdesvacseesswacnesa ade cndeua 215
PuRAGMIDIUM...155, 171, 204, 206,
219, 221

[Pagar lee: seasinscrsveresereracess 204
ed ysartee .ccssees sesesseeseeees 160
mucronatum ............ 205, 207
DUI: asersscraantasanaraimddadtianct 208
TUDIML scsercvsnivrseiervesaees 207
speciosum .... 206
triarticulatum .... 205
Phragmospora ...... 212, 213
PUCOLATID sccreseisroervrgneseororasers 158
DIEVIPS .oecceeeccseeeeeeeee 158, 159
POGGSCMG ..cccecceccecsccevencccveceens 210

Puccinia...148, 151, 153, 155, 157,
170. 176, 177, 178, 194,
208, 218, 221, 241

GCULEGUG: sascuisis dan ci'susawsvasends 178
aletridis ...........:eeeeceeeeee eee 194
AMOTPH ,....sccreesecsseerees 176
ANCLOPOR! ©... ce seeeeeeee 198, 202
anemones-virginiane..171, 172
ANQUSLATA.......ee eee ee eeeneee 196
ATUNAINACED. ..e0cecreeeseeeeeees 199
QPUNGINATIL . .ccesececsecnvonenes 199

254

_ Puccinia — (continued,)

asteris ........ reer 163, 172, 182
COPING vain vere: cee peasy steces sete 196
CAVICIBS ........020000 195
centauree ... 182
cherophylli .. 180
CIVCHR 0.0... seeveeeeeeeeee LT, 179
CIT SIT srctaveveecnneaeenns eesbekes 187
COMPPOSILATUIMN cecscceeceseneeons 187
conoclinii ....... .. 182
convolvuli..... ... 192
coronata.... ..170, 200
EUISIONG. ee ecc ec teee eee eees 203
emaculata ........... eee 201
flaccida........... 202
flosculosorum ... 186
galiorum ........... 180
PONANB wssseseseaciers ccervores 193
GOrOT dh ssevssassenescoareriee 184
glechomex.......00 «» 191

glechonnatis .... w 191

graminis .....145, 146, 148, 172,
197, 200

Hedysari paniculati .. ........ 160
heliantht .......... geeceanead 151, 186
heterospora .... ve 175
NiEracid .....s.c0ee .. 187
RY820 Pt sasossacwsconzceas seeavaee's 191
Kubniee sesssisas izecsvecsovaesn 181
Jateripes..........ceceeeeeeeceeee 189
Lespedeze polystachyx ........ 161
Lespedezx procumbentis ...... 161
LOBE: sei daswen siete ceccberdecsis 188
maculosa . 188
Marie-Wilsoni ............... 174
May dIS ssssvecweescsecseses 172, 208
Menthe .....-0- eee ceaeee 2, 189
var. Americana 191
MACPOSPETMA sevseeseeeee -- 188
MUCTONALG coceccceeseeccecesones 206
VOM: ROS scconesisearaveess 206
MYTHS, sacdosmisniaviweanvicisigs 180
nolitangeris ............ce 176
ODLECta seseccic senseens evetenias 196
OSMOTTHIZE...... 00. eeeeeeeeeee 180
Peckiana ..........csceeeee 178, 221

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Puccinia — (continued,)

phragmites
physalidis ......
pimrinelle
plumbaria . oe

VAT. PRIOGUAG voeeceree scene 192
podophylli ..........-. 172, 173
POLY GONG wocersererersecescareceees 165
polygoni-amphibii........... 193
Polygoni-Aviculariz.....000 165

prenanthis ............ vee 188
PYroserPiNaCe ..............00. 178
pruni-spinose............ 172, 177
TANUNCUI!, 6. gesisesewsensseisxeane 172
rubigo-vera......... 199, 200, 234
BCI PI se iamdemoA recess 172
seymerie.. . 188
silphii....... 184
smilacis . 195
SOUGE sswcinicdauaacdeontaneay ieee 172
BOVQNA sassessaceeansnenvervess 203, 204
SUPAMINIS.. 0. eecceecesecescneceees 200
SEPLFOPIMNAS .occsseeccereec scenes 200
tanaceti............. 151, 172, 185
var. Vernonie............ 186
TONUIS oS sescemeaeenieeeeees:
tiarelle ...
Tripoltt .........
tripustulata ....
HOTVOAD UNS saree vee raaeeastiocvie sitios
VernOni®: seveverscsecesonsaciecs
VOTONICH coeeee caceeeeseeceeeees
VIOI EE civsesses soup howe an poands
Wilcoxiana ....
-windsorive
xanthii....... ws
PUCCIN(OPSIS ve cecseeserccseeeeeeesees
RAVENELIA cecescccssceeeceeeeee
glanduleformis............... 209
glandulosa ....... eee 209
indica
stictica
Rastrevra
laGerata: siaveecvecasasiasaeesess 240
penicillata............ eee 240

TREKOPSOTA. ..ssseeceevececnerenseesnane 212