SPER ST MERE CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN I89I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE ic 7. wd yun f WoT peo University Library Sl 641.B: “Hilti Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924024781985 CATALOGUE Or THE SNAKES. IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). VOLUME IIL, CONTAINING THE COLUBRID (OPISTHOGLYPHA ann PROTEROGLYPH#), AMBLYCEPHALIDA, ann VIPERIDA. BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER, F.RS. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW ; B, QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 31 BOHO SQUARE, W.; KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, 8.W. 1896. [All rights reserved. ] A, 2o71hb ALERE ? FLAMMAM. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREIT. PREFACE. RAN RA Wirn this volume is brought to a conclusion a series of works which all zoologists must acknowledge to be of primary importance in the history of science. The series consists of nine volumes, viz.:—The Catalogue of Batrachia Salientia, published in 1882; the Catalogue of Batrachia Gradientia, also in 1882; the Catalogue of Lizards, vol. i. 1885, vol. ii. 1885, vol. iii. 1887; the Catalogue of Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles, 1889; and the Catalogue of Snakes, vol. i. 1893, vol. ii. 1894, and vol. iii, 1896. These works are not only catalogues in the ordinary sense of the largest general collections of Batrachia and Reptilia ever yet brought together, but are complete monographs of the groups of animals treated of, so far as their zoological characters, geographical distri- bution, and synonymy are concerned—descriptions being given of every species regarded by the author as valid, whether contained in the Museum or not. The initiative of the series is due to Dr. Giinther. It was begun and has been carried out almost to its close under his Keepership of the Zoological Department. Of the unremitting devotion of Mr. Boulenger to the task which has occupied him for more than fifteen years, or of the ability and iv PREFACE. large anatomical and literary knowledge he has brought to bear © upon it, it is not necessary for me to speak—they are known to all zoologists ; and I hardly need point out that the value of the work has been greatly increased by the numerous carefully executed figures of new species and of illustrative anatomical details which it contains. W. H. FLOWER, Director. April 15, 1896. INTRODUCTION. Tus concluding volume of the Catalogue of Snakes, contains the descriptions of 689 species, 564 of which are represented in the Collection, and the enumeration of 5230 specimens. The total number of recognized species of Ophidians now amounts to 1639. Duméril & Bibron’s ‘ Erpétologie Générale’ (1854) registers 531; Gray and Giinther’s Catalogues (1849-58) 544; and 789 (including numerous nomina nuda) are enumerated in Jan’s ‘ Elenco’ (1863). The amalgamated index to the three volumes, which is appended, contains 7335 names, thus showing the enormous extent of the synonymy. With this volume the revision of the entire Herpetological Collection in the British Museum is brought to a close, a work the publication of which has extended over fourteen years. The whole series of Catalogues, consisting of nine Volumes—two of Batrachians (1882), three of Lizards (1885-87), one of Rhyncho- cephalians, Chelonians, and Crocodiles (1889), and three of Snakes (1893-96)—deals with 4,413 species and 28,642 specimens. But the numerous additions to the Collection and to the Literature, made since the appearance of the earlier volumes, raise these numbers as follows :— viii SYSTEMATIC INDEX. e 3. lyrophanes, Cope.... 56 es 54. Oxyrhopus, Wagl....... 99 4. tau, Cope .......... 56 | 1. petolarius, Z. ...... 101 4 146. Lycognathus, D. § B... 56 | 2. rhombifer, D. § B .. 108 lL. cervinus, Laur, .... 57 aye 3. trigeminus, D.§ B... 104 2. rhombeatus, Pers. 58 4. bitorquatus, Gthr, .. 104 ¢ 147. Trypanurgos, Fitz. 58 5. melanogenys, Tsch... 105 . compressus, Daud... 58 6. doliatus, D. § B..... 106 -- 148. Dipsadomorphus, Fitz.. 59 7. formosus, Wied .... 106 1. trigonatus, Schn. .... 62 8. labialis, Jan ........ 107 2. multimaculatus, Bote 63 9. clathratus, D. §& B... 107 3. gokool, Gray ...... ‘y 64 10. fitzingeri, Tsch. . 108 4. hexagonotus, Blyth. .* 65 11. cloelia, Daud. ...... 108 5. ceylonensis, Gthr. . . [66 12. maculatus, Blgr..... 110 ae 6. fuscus, Gray... ..... 67 18. occipitoluteus, D.§B. 110 7. pulverulentus, Fisch. 68,649 14. rusticus, Cope ...... 111 8. multifasciatus, Blyth. 69 15. coronatus, Schn. .... 111 9. dightonii, Blgr. .... 69 16. neuwiedii, D.§ B... 112 ---10. dendrophilus, Bote... 70 17. guerini, D. & B..... 118 11. cyaneus, D.§ B..... 72 |4155. Rhinostoma, Fetz....... 114 12, nigriceps, Gthr. .... 72 1. guianense, Zrosch, .. 114 13. jaspideus, D. & B... 73 2. vittatum, Blgr. .... 115 14, barnesii, Gthr....... 73 | 156. Thamnodynastes, Wagl. . 115 15. drapiezii, Bore ...... 74 1. nattereri, Mik. .... 116 16. angulatus, Pirs. .... 75 2. punctatissimus, Wagl. 117 17, irregularis, Merr. .. 75 | 157. Tachymenis, Wiegm. .. 117 18. tlavescens, UD. & B... 77 1. peruviana, Wiegm... 118 19. philippinus, Ptrs. .. 77 2. affinis, Blgr......... 119 20. blandingii, Hallow... 77 | 158. Hemirhagerrhis, Bétgr. . 119 21. cynodon, Bote ...... 78 1, kelleri, Bétgr. .. 119, 649 22. forsteni, D. § B..... 80 |* 159. Manolepis, Cope ...... 120 bertholdi, Jan ...... 81 1, putnami, Jan ...... 120 ornata, Macleay .... 81 |/ 160. Tomodon, D.§ B. .... 120 149. Dipsadoboa, Gthr. 81 1. dorsatus, D. §& B..... 121 l. unicolor, Gthr. .... 81 2. ocellatus, D. § B. 121, 649 150. Rhinobothryum, Wagl.. 81 |4161. Conophis, Pérs......... 122 i 1. lentiginosum, Scop... 82 1. lineatus, D.§ B..... 123 +151. Himantodes, D. § B... 88 2. vittatus, Ptrs. ...... 123 -* 1. cenchoa, LZ. ........ 84 3. teeniatus, Hens. .... 124 2. elegans, Jan........ 85 | 162. Amplorhinus, Smzth.... 194 3. lentiferus, Cope .... 86 1. multimaculatus, 4. gemmistratus, Cope.. 86 Smith... ccc. 125 5. gracillimns, Gthr. .. 87 2. nototeenia, Gthr..... 125 G6. inornatus, Blgr. .... 88 |¢ 168. Pseudablabes, Blgr..... 126 7. ? subeequalis, Fisch.. 88 1. agassizii, Jan ...... 127 L Hise. Leptodira, Gthr. ...... aa 164, Philodryas, Wagi. 197 1. hotambeeia, Laur. 89, 649 1. estivus, Schleg. 128 2, punctata, Ptrs....... 91 2. viridissimus, Z. ..., 129 3. nigrofasciata, Gihr... 92 kB, olfersii, Licht. ....., 129 4. frenata, Cope ...... 92 4. schotti, Schleg....... 130 5. septentrionalis, Kenn. 93 5. bolivianus, Blgr. .... 132 6. personata, Cope .... 98 6, psammophideus, Gthr. 1382 7. ocellata, Gthr....... 94 7. vitellinus, Cope...... 138 8. albofusca, Lacép..... 95 8. elegans, Tsch. ...... 133 +9. annulata, Z......... 97 9. nattereri, Stdr....... 134 153. Chametortus, Gthr. .. 98 10. serra, Schleg. ...... 134 1. aulicus, Gthr. ...... 98 11. burmeisteri, Jan .... 185 ~ 165, 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 13. elegans, Shaw ...... 167 14, biseriatus, Pirs. .... 168 15. crucifer, Daud....... 169 16, pulcher, Bigr. ...... 169 17. angolensis, Bocage .. 170 172. Mimophis, Gtur. ...... 171 1. mahfalensis, Grand... 171 173. Psammodynastes, G'thr.. 172 2. pictus, Gthr......... 174 174, Macroprotodon, Guich... 175 1. cucullatus, Z. Geoffr. 175 175. Dryophis, Dalm. ...... 177 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. ix Page | Page 12. baroni, ae i Aaialets 136 | 176. Thelotornis, Smith .... 184 13. Pinornatus, D. §& B... 136° 1. kirtlandii, Hallow. .. 185 Taltris, Coupe .......... 137 | 177. Dispholidus, Duvern. .. 186 1. dorsalis, Gthr....... 137 1. typus, Smith........ 187 Trimerorhinus, Smh .. 1388 ¥ 178. Oxybelis, Wagl. ses 189 1. rhombeatus, Z. .... 138 1. brevirostris, oes .. 190 2. triteeniatus, G'thr. 189, 649 2. argenteus, Daud..... 190 3. variabilis, Gthr. .... 140 3. fulgidus, Daud. .... 191 Ccelopeltis, Wagl....... 141 4, acuminatus, Wied .. 192 1. monspessulana, Herm, 141 | 179. Dryophiops, Blgr....... 193 2. moilensis, Reuss .... 143 1. rubescens, Gray .... 194 Rhamphiophis, Pers. 144 | 2. philippina, Bigr..... 195 1. rubropunctatus, Fisch, 146-4180. Chrysopelea, Bowe ...... 195 2. oxyrhynchus, Reivh.. 146 1. rhodopleuron, Bove .. 195 3. togoensis, Matschie.. 147 2. ornata, Shaw ...... 196 4. acutus, Gthr. ...... 148 3. chrysochlora, Reinw.. 198 5. multimaculatus,Smith 148 4 1st. Erythrolamprus, Wagl. . 199 Dromophis, Pérs. ...... 149 1. eesculapii, Z......... 200 1, lineatus, D. & B..... 149 2. decipiens, Gthr. .... 204 2. preeornatus, Schleg. . . 150 3. grammophrys, Dugés. 204 Taphrometopon, Brandt. 151 4. lateritius, Cope...... 205 1. lineolatum, Brandt... 151 5. dromiciformis, Ptrs, . 205 Psammophis, Bote .... 152 6. imperialis, B. § G. .. 206 — 1, leithii, Gthr......... 155 7, fissidens, Githr....... 207 2. notostictus, Ptrs..... 156 8. bipunctatus, Gtkr. .. 208 3. schokari, Forsk. .... 157 Jy oy 9. piceivittis, Cope .... 209 4. punctulatus, D. § B.. 159°- 182. Hydrocalamus, Cope .. 209 5. trigrammus, Gthr. .. 159 1. ghanenivass) D. § 6. subteeniatus, Pers. .. 160 | BL cece eee 210 7. bocagii, Blgr. ...... 161 |" 183. Soslascois Cope...... 210 8. sibilans, Z. ........ 161 1. atrocinctus, Schleg .. 211 9. furcatus, Ptrs....... 164 2. michoacanensis, Cope. 211 10. longifrons, Bigr. .... 165 3. emulus, Cope ...... 212 11. condanarus, Merr. .. 165 184. Hepp ereatan, D.§ B. 212 12. brevirostris, Ptrs. .. 166 1. pulverulentus, Bore .. 172 1. perroteti, D. § B. .. 178 2. dispar, Githr. 3. fronticinctus, Gthr... 179 4, xanthozona, Bove.... 180 5. prasinus, Bote ...... 180 6, fasciolatus, Fisch..... 182 7. mycterizans, LZ. .... 182 8. pulverulentus, D. &B. 184 VOL, III. : 1. melanocephalum, DT. 215 2, annulatum, Bitgr. .. 217 3. trilineatum, Pérs. .. 217 4. longifrontale, Blgr... 218 5. coronatum, B. §& G.,. 218 6. rubrum, Cope ...... 219 7. semicinctum, D. Seliwsk Se ataoees asia 219 8. fuscum, Bocourt .... 220 9. boulengeri, GtAr..... 221 10. schistosum, Bocourt. . 221: 11. canula, Cope........ 222 12. miniatum, Cope .... 222 13. virgatum, Gthr. .... 22% 14. ruficeps, Cope ...... 223 15. bocourti, Gthr....... 224 16. reticulatum, Cope .. 224 17. moestum, Githr. .... 225 18. vermiforme, Hallow. . 225 19. breve, Gthr........ - 225 20. atriceps, Gthr....... 226 21. planiceps, Blainv. .. 226 b Tense 185, c 186. z 187. K gg, + . Elapomoius, Jan SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 22, calamarinum, Cope .. 23. gracile, B.& G..... Ogmius, Cope.......... 1. acutus, Cope........ Stenorhina, D. & B..... 1. degenhardtii, Berth. . Xenopholis, Pérs....... 1. sealaris, Wuch....... Apostolepis, Cope...... 1. coronata, Sawv....... . assimilis, Reimh. .... . Havitorquata, D. §& B. . nigrolineata, Pirs. .. . quinquelineata, Blgr . . nigroterminata, Bigr.. . dorbignyi, Schleg..... . erythronota, Ptrs. . ambinigra, Pérs. .... £0 CONT OD OTR C9 BO 1. dimidiatus, Jan . Elapomorphus, D. & B. 1. blumii, Schieg. ...... 2, wuchereri, Gthr. .... 3. lepidus, Reinh. ...... 4. tricolor, D. § B..... 5. lemniscatus, D. §& B.. 6. trilineatus, Blgr. .... 7. bilineatus, D. § B... Page 227 228 228 229 229 229 231 239 232 233 234 234 235 235 235 236 . 236° 237 237 . 238 238 239 240 241 241 242 243 243 191. Amblyodipsas, Ptrs. .. 244 1, microphthalma,Biane. 244 192. Elapotinus, Jan ...... 244 1. picteti, Jan ........ 245 193, Calamelaps, Gthr....... 245 1. unicolor, Reinmh. .... 245 2. poems Bocage.... 246 8. P concolor, Smith .... 246 194. Rhinocalamus, Gthr. .. 247 1, dimidiatus, Gthr..... 247 195. Xenocalamus, Gthr..... 247 1. bicolor, Gthr. ...... 248 2. mechovii, Pérs......- 248 196. Micrelaps, Biigr. ...... 248 1. muelleri, Bttyr. .... 249 2. vaillanti, Mocg. .... 249 197. Miodon, A. Dum....... 249 1. acanthias, Reinh,.... 250 Q. collaris, Pirs. ...... 251 8. gabonensis, A. Dum. . 252 4. notatus, Pirs. .....- 252 5. neuwiedi, Jan .....- 253 198. Polemon, Jan ........ 253 1. barthii, Jan ......-- 254 199, Brachyophis, Mocq..... 254 1. revoili, Mocg. ..,... 254 200. Macrelaps, Blgr. ...... 255 1. microlepidotus, Gthr. } : p Page 201. Aparallactus, Smith .... 255 1. jacksonii, Gthr... 256, 649 2. werneri, Blyr. ...... 257 8. concolor, Fisch. . 257 4, lunulatus, Pérs. . 258 5. guentheri, Blyr. .... 259 6. bocagii, Blgr. ...... 259 7. capensis, Smith...... 259 8. nigriceps, Ptrs. . .. 260 9. punctatolineatus, Blgr. 261 10. lineatus, Pérs. ...... 201 11. anomalus, Blgr. .... 262 202. Elapops, Gthr. ........ 262 1. modestus, Gthr.. . 262, 649 Subfam. 6. ELACHISTODONTIN2E. 203. Elachistodon, Reinh. .. 263 1. westermanni, Reinh.. 264 Series C. Proteroglypha. V Subfam. 7. Hypropurmn”. |. 204. Hydrus, Schr. ........ 266 J. platurus, Z. ........ 267 205. Thalassophis, Schmidt ,. 268 1. anomalus, Schmidt .. 269 206. Acalyptophis, Bigr. .... 269 1. peronii, D. § B. .... 269 207. Hydrelaps, Blgr. ...... 270 1. darwiniensis, Blgr... 270 208. Hydrophis, Dawd...... 271. 1. spiralis, Shaw ...... 273 2. polyodontus, Jan.... 274 8. schistosus, Daud..... 274 4, hybridus, Schleg..... 274 5. longiceps, Gthr. .... 275 6. ceerulescens, Shaw .. 275 7. frontalis, Jan ...... 276 8. Kingii, Blgr........, 276 9. nigrocinctus, Daud ., 277 10. mamillaris, Dawd.... 277 11. elegans, Gray ...... 278 12. pacificus, Blgr. .... 278 18. latifasciatus, Gthr. .. 279 14. coronatus, Gthr. .... 279 15. gracilis, Shaw ....., 280 16. cantoris, Gthr....... 281 17. fasciatus, Schn. .... 281 18. brookii, Gthr. ...... 282 19. melanocephalus,Gray, 283 20. torquatus, Gthr. .... 283 21. obscurus, Daud 284 22. leptodira, Blgr. .... 285 209. Distira, Lacép. ........ 285 1. stokesii, Gray ...... 288 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. - major, Shaw ........ ornata, Gray ...... . godeffroyi, Ptrs. .... melanosoma, Gthr. .. . semperi, Garm. . Subcincta, Gray .... . brugmansii, Boie.... . tuberculata, And. .. . grandis, Blgr. ...... . macfarlani, Blgr..... 2. eyanocincta, Daud... . bituberculata, Pérs... . belcheri, Gray ...... . pachycercus, Fisch. .. . lapemidoides, Gray... . Viperina, Schmidt.... . jerdonii, Gray 210, Enhydris, Merr. 1. curtus, Shaw 2. hardwickii, Gray.... : +211. Enhydrina, Gray...... —+ 1. valakadien, Boie .... 212. Aipysurus, Lacép. 1. eydouxii, Gray 2. annulatus, Krefft rece 3. levis, Lacép. 4, australis, Sauv. 213. Platurus, Daud........ 1, laticaudatus, Z. 2. colubrinus, Schn. .... 3. schistorhynchus,Gthr. § 4, muelleri, Blgr....... \, Subfam. 8. ELaprne. 214. Ogmodon, Pérs. 1. vitianus, Ptrs....... 215. Glyphodon, Gthr....... 1. tristis, GtAr.... 6... 216. Pseudelaps, D. & B. . 1. muelleri, Schleg. .... 2. squamulosus, D. § B. . krefftii, Gthr. ...... . fordii, Krefft . harriette, Krefft.... . diadema, Schleg .... . warro, De Vis...... . sutherlandi, De Vis. . iemenia, Gray psammuophis, Schleg .. torquata, Gthr....... olivacea, Gray ornaticeps, Macleay.. modesta, Githr....... . textilis, D. G Bo... . nuchalis, GéAr....... 2 217. Noapwrwr Daonaoap Page 289 290 291 291 . 292 324 325 326 218. Ho19, xi Page Pseudechis, Wagl. .,.. 897 1. porphyriacus, Shaw .. 328 2. cupreus, Blgr. ...... 329 3. australis, Gray .... 330 4, darwiniensis, Macleay. 330 5. papuanus, Pérs.§ Doria 331 G6, scutellatus, Pirs..... 331 7. microlepidotus, MeCoy 332 8. ferox, Macleay ...... 332 Denisonia, Krefft ...... 332 1. superba, Gthr....... 335 2. coronata, Schleg..... :835 3. coronoides, Gthr..... 336 4. muelleri, Fisch. 337 5. frenata, Pirs. ...... 338 6. ramsayi, Krefft 338 7. signata, Jan........ 338 8. demelii, Gthr....... 339 1-9, suta, Ptrs. ........ 339 10. frontalis, D. Ogilby.. 840 11. flagellum, McCoy .. 840 12. maculata, Stdr. .... 341 13. punctata, Blgr. .... 841 14, youldii, Gray ...... 342 15. nigrescens, Gthr..... 343 16, nigrostriata, Krefft .. 348 17. carpentarie, Macleay. 344 18. pallidiceps, Gthr..... 344 19. melanura, Bigr. .... 345 20. par, Blgr. vi... cae 345 21. woodfordii, Blgr..... 346 220. Micropechis, Blgr. .. 846 1. ikaheka, Less. ...... 347 2. elapoides, Blgr. .... 347 221. Hoplocephalus, Cuv. .. 348 1. bungaroides, Bove 348 2. bitorquatus, Jan .... 349 3. stephensii, Krefft 350 222. Tropidechis, Gthr. .... 850 1. carinatus, Arefft .... 3850 223. Notechis, Bigr......... 351 1. seutatus, Ptrs....... 351 224, Rhinhoplocephalus, F. MG cscuieon: eiancacaig bein 353 1. bicolor, F. Miill..... 353 225. Brachyaspis, Blgr. 353 1. curta, Schleg. ...... 353 226. Acanthophis, Daud..... 354 1, antarcticus, Shaw .. 355 227, Elapognathus, Blgr..... 356 1. minor, Gthr......4.. 356 228. Boulengerina, Dollo 357 1. stormsi, Dolio ...... 357 229, Elapechis, Blgr. ...... 858 1. guentheri, Bocage .. 359 2, niger, Gthr......... 359 xii 230. 231. +939, 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. —~{.288. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 8. hessii, Bttgr. ...... 4. decosteri, Blgr. ... 5, sundevallii, Smith .. 6. boulengeri, Btigr. Rhynchelaps, Jan...... 1 arthalal, Tun vissee 2. australis, Krefft .... 38. semifasciatus, Gthr.. . 4, fasciolatus, Gthr..... Bungarus, Daud. ...... 1. fasciatus, Schn. 2. ceylonicus, Gthr..... 8. candidus, Z......... 4. lividus, Cant. ...... 5. bungaroides, Cant. .. 6. flaviceps, Reinh. .... Naia, Laur. oo... eee L. Ddiey Lore diess ase yee te 3. melanoleuca, Hallow. ¢ 4, nigricollis, Reinh. 378, 5, tripudians, Merr..... 6. samarensis, Ptrs..... 7, bungarus, Schleg..... 8. anchietw, Bocage.... 9. goldii, Blgr......... 10. guentheri, Blgr. .... Sepedon, Merr......... 1. heinachates, Lacép. . Aspidelaps, Smith...... 1. A bigs, Laur.....+. 2, scutatus, Smith . Walterinnesia, Lataste. . 1. egyptia, Lataste.... Hemibungarus, Ptrs. 1. calligaster, Wiegm. .. 2. collaris, Schleg....... 8. nigrescens, Gthr..... 4, japonicus, Githr. .... Callophis, Gray........ : 1. gracilis, Gray ...... Q. trimaculatus, Daud. . 3. maculiceps, Gthr. 4, macclellandii, Reinh. . 5. bibronii, Jan........ Doliophis, Gir. ......++ 1, bivirgatus, Bove .... 2, intestinalis, Laur. .. 239. 8. bilineatus, Pérs. .... 4, philippinus, Gthr. .. Furina, D. & B. ...... 9. calonota, D. & B. 3. occipitalis, D. § Ts Page 360 . 860 360 . 361 361 362 363 363 364 365 . 366 367 368 370 370 371 g Page 240. Homorelaps, Jan ...... 408 1. lacteus, Z.........5. 409 2. dorsalis, Smith ...... 410 y- 241. Elaps, Schn. ........4. 411 1. surinamensis, Cuv. .. 414 2. heterochilus, Mocg... 414 3. euryxanthus, Kenn... 415 4. yravenhorstii, Jan .. 415 5. langsdorthi, Wagl. .. 416 6. buckleyi, Blgr. .... 416 7, anomalus, Bigr. .... 417 8. heterozonus, Pirs. .. 417 9. elegans, Jan ........ 418 10. annellatus, Pérs. .... 418 11. decoratus, Jan...... 419 12. dumerilii, Jan ...... 419 18. corallinus, Wied .... 420 14. hemprichii, Jan .... 421 15. tschudii, Jan ...... 422 "16. dissoleucus, Cope .... 422 \17. fulvius, Zo 2.02... 422 18. psyches, Daud. .... 426 19, spixii, Wagl. ...... 427 20. frontalis, D. §& B. .. 427 21. maregravii, Wied .. 428 22. lemniscatus, L....... 430 23. filiformis, Gthr. .... 480 24. mipartitus, D.§ B.,, 431 25. fraseri, Blgr......... 432 26. mentalis, Blgr....... 432 27. ancoralis, Jan ...... 432 28, narduccii, Jan ...... 433 242, Dendraspis, Schleg. .... 434 1. viridis, Hallow. .... 435 2, jamesonii, Traill.... 436 3. angusticeps, Smith ., 487 4. antinorii, Pirs, .... 437 \/Fam. 8. AMBLYCEPHALIDS, 1. Haplopeltura, D. & B. .. 439 l. boa, Bote .......... 439 2. Amblycephalus, Kuhl .. 440 1. levis, Bote.......... 44] 2. malaccanus, Firs, .... 442 3. monticola, Cant. .... 443 4, moellendorffii, Bttgr.. 443 5. andersonii, Blgr. .... 444 6. modestus, Theob. .... 444 7. macularius, Theob. .. 444 8. margaritophorus, Jan. 445 9. carinatus, Bote ....., 445 6 3, Leptognathus, D.& B... 446 1. catesbyi, Sentz ...... 449 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 3. variegata, D. § B..... 451 4, albifrcns, Sauwv. ... 6.5 451 5. brevifacies, Cope 452 G. andiana, Blgr. ...... 452 7. elegans, Blgr. ...... 452 8. leucomelas, Bigr. .... 453 9, mikani, Schley. .....- 453 10. ventrimaculata, Blyr. . 454 11. ineequifasciata, D. § B. 455 12. turgida, Cope ........ 456 V/138. alternans, Fisch. . 456 14, viguieri, Bocourt .... 457 15. annulata, Gthr.... .. 457 16. articulata, Cope...... 458 17. incerta, Jan ........ 458 18. argus, Cope ........ 458 19. sanniola, Cope ...... 459 90. dimidiata, Gtr. .... 459 21. bicolor, Gthr.... 2... 460 V4. Dipsas, Laur. ...... 6.4. 460 1. bucephala, Shaw .... 461 4/5. Psendopareas, Blyr. .... 462 1. vagus, Jan... cee. eee 42 2. atypicus, Cope ...... 463 Fam. 9, VIPERID&. -Subfam. 1, Virrrinz. 1. Causus, Wagl........... 465 1. rhombeatus, Licht. 467 2. resimus, Pirs. ...... 468 3. defilippli, Jan ...... 469 4. lichtensteinii, Jan.... 470 2, Azemiops, Blgr.......-- 470 1, fees, Blgr. wes. eevee 471 V3. Vipera, Laur. 6.6.65 +6 471 Ll. ursinii, Bp... ee eee 473 2, renardi, Christ. ...... 475 A8. berus, LZ. .....-2- 5s 476 4. aspis, ZL. ......- sees 481 5. latastii, Bosed.......- 484 6. ammodytes, L. .....- 485 7. raddii, Bttgr......+-- 487 8. lebetina, L. ......-- 487 9. russellii, Shaw ....+- 490 10. superciliaris, Pérs..... 491 4, Bitis, Gray ...... eee 492 1. arietans, M a Roane ree 2. peringueyi, Bigr. .... 3. dopa Dey stir eie eae st 495 4, inornata, Smith ...... 496 5. cornuta, L. 1... 6. ees 497 6. caudalis, Smith ...... 498 7. gabonica, D. §& B..... 499 8. nasicornis, Shaw 500 VOL, III. € xiii Page 5. Pseudocerastes, Blgr..... 501 1. persicus, D. § B. .... 501 6. Cerastes, Wagl. ........ 501 1. cornutus, Forsk....... 502 2. vipera, Zo wu. e esse 503 7. Echis, Merr, .......... 504 1. carinatus, Schn....... 505 2. coloratus, Gthr....... 507 8. Atheris, Cope .......... 608 1. chlorechis, Schleg. .... 508 2. squamiger, Hallow. .. 509 3. ceratophorus, Werner . 510 9. Atractaspis, Smith ...... 510 1. hildebrandtii, Pé7s. 512 2. congica, Ptrs......... 513 3. irregularis, Reink..... 513 4. corpulenta, Hallow. .. 514 5. rostrata, Gthr. ...... 514 6. bibronii, Smith ...... 515 7. aterrima, Gthr. ...... 515 8. dahomeyensis, Bocage . 516 9. micropholis, Gthr..... 516 10, leucomelas, Blyr. .... 517 11. microlepidota, Gthr. .. 517 Subfam. 2. CRoTaLInz[. Y10. Ancistrodon, Pal. de Beauv.c ccc ccc ccccans 519 1. piscivorus, Lacép. .... 520 2. fiiiestur Gthr. 621 8. contortrix, Z......... 522 4, acutus, Gthr......... 524 5. halys, Pall........4. 524 6. intermedius, Strauch . 525 7. blomhoffii, Bowe ..... . 525 8. himalayanus, Gthr. .. 526 9. rhodostoma, Bote .... 527 10. hypnale, Merv. ...... 528 (41. Lachesis, Daud. .......- 529 1. mutus, Z. ........45 5384 2. lanceolatus, Lacép. 535 Bi :AbTOX, Dee ccs cease 537 4, pulcher, Pirs......... 539 5, microphthalmus, Cope. 540 6. pictus, Tsch. ........ 40 7, alternatus, D. § B. .. 541 8. neuwiedii, Wagl. .... 542 9, ammodytoides, Leyd. . 543 10. xanthogrammus, Cope. 543 11. castelnaudi, D. & B... 544 12. nummifer, Riipp. .... 544 13. godmani, Gthr. ...... 545 14. lanshergii, Schleg..... 546 15. brachystoma, Cope 547 16. monticola, Gthr. 548 17. okinavensis, Blgr..... 549 xiv SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 18. strigatus, Gray ...... 549 87. bicolor, Bocourt...... 19, flavoviridis, Hallow... 550 38. schlegelii, Berth...... 20, cantoris, Blyth ...... 651 39. nigroviridis, Pérs,.... 21. jerdonii, Gthr. ...... 551 40. aurifer, Salv. ........ 22, mucrosquamatus, Cant. 552 WA2. Sisturus, Garm. ........ 23. luteus, Bitgr......... 553 || 1. miliarius, Z. ..... .- 24, purpureomaculatus, 2. catenatus, taf. ...... GrOY con See ena OS 553 3. ravus, Cope.......... 25. gramineus, Shaw .... 554 4 18. Crotalus, Z............. 26, flavomaculatus, Gray . 556 1. terrificus, Zawr....... 27. sumatranus, Raffles .. 557 2. scutulatus, Kenn. .... 28, anamallensis, Gthr. ,. 558 3. confluentus, Say...... 29. trigonocephalus, Daud. 559 4. durissus, Z. ........ 30. macrolepis, Bedd. .... 560 5. horridus, Z. ........ 31. puniceus, Bore ...... 560 6. tigris, Kenn. ........ 32. borneensis, Ptr's. 561 7. mitchelli, Cope ...... 38. wagleri, Bole........ 5€2 8. triseriatus, Wagl. .... 34. bilineatus, Wied .... 565 9. polystictus, Cope .... 35. undulatus, Jan ...... 565 10. lepidus, Kenn. ...... 36. lateralis, Ptrs. ...... 566 11. cerastes, Hallow. .... Page 566 567 568 568 569 569 570 57] 572 573 575 576 578 578 580 580 581 582 582 583 CATALOGUE OF SNA K ES. Fam. 7. COLUBRID, ( Continued.) Series B. OPISTHOGLYPHA. Divided into three subfamilies :— 4, Homalopsine.—Nostrils valvular, on the upper surface of the snout. 5. Dipsadomorphine. — Nostrils lateral; dentition well deve- oped. 4 75 6. Elachistodontine.—Teeth rudimentary; maxillary and man- dible edentulous in front. : Most, if not all, of the Snakes in this division are poisonous to a slight degree, paralyzing their prey before deglutition. Subfam. 4, HOMALOPSINZ, Hydrophide, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510. Dodride, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 35, 1849, Anisodontiens, part., Platyrhiniens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 427, 1853; Duméril & Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 796, 1854, Homalopsine, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 74, 1863. Homalopside, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 275, 1864. Homalopsine, part., Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 484, 1886, and Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. p. 209, 1895. Homalopsine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 872, 1890, Nostrils valvular, on the upper surface of the snout. Dentition well developed. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Thoroughly aquatic Snakes, bringing forth their young alive in the water. Inhabitants of Southern China, the East Indies, Papuasia, and North Australia. VOL. III. B 2 COLUBRID. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Ventrals without keels. A. Nasals in contact. 1. Ventrals well developed. Scales smooth; parietal shields well developed. 124, Hypsirhina, p. 2. ~—- Scales keeled; parietal shields well developed ; head very distinct from neck! es, 6.5 sadliscwes eae s 125. Homalopsis, p. 18. Scales keeled; parietals more or less broken up into scales; head not very distinct from neck ...... 126. Cerberus, p. 15. ~— 2. Ventrals very narrow ; scales smooth. ; 127. Eurostus, p. 19. B. Nasals separated by an internasal. Loreal present; scales keeled........ 128. Myron, p. 19. ——~ Loreal present ; scales smooth ; body moderately elongate. 129. Gerardia, p. 20. Loreal absent ; scales smooth; body stout. 130. Fordonia, p. 21. Loreal present; scales smooth; body extremely elongate. 131. Cantoria, p. 23. II. Ventrals bicarinate, very narrow. Scales smooth .......... 22.0 eee ee 132. Hipistes, p. 24. Scales keeled; two rostral appendages. 133. Herpeton, p. 25. 124. HYPSIRHINA. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Syst. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799). Hypsirhina, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 169 (1880); Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 66 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 71 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 280 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 375 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 882 (1837), Ferania, Gray, Ul. cc, pp. 67, 66; Gunth. L. c. p. 284. Raclitia, Gray, il. cc. pp. 67, 79. Miralia, Gray, U1. cc. pp. 68, 79. Phytolopsis, Gray, Cat. p. 67. Hypsiscopus, Gray, i. ¢. p. 72. Trigonurus, Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ae. Sc. xxiii. 1858, p. 498, and Erp, Gén. vii. p. 959 (1854). Hypsirhina, part., Dum. & Bibr. il. cc. pp. 498, 945 ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 258. Eurostus, part., Dum. & Bibr. U. ec. pp. 498, 951. Tachyplotus, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1866, p. 151. Feranoides, Carlleyle, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. 1869, p. 196. Pythonopsis, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 576. Homalophis, Peters, 1. ¢. p. 577. Pseudoferania, Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W, (2) v. 1890, p. 61. 124. HYPSIRHINA. | 3 _ Maxillary teeth 10 to 16, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye small, with round or vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first labial or the loreal; internasal single or divided ; loreal present. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 to 31 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia, Papuasia, Northern Queensland. Synopsis of the Species. I. Eye in contact with one, two, or three labials. A. Seales in 19 rows. ‘Two internasals ; ventrals 173-175...... 1. indica, p. 4. ‘Two internasals; ventrals 125-152 ...... 2. alternans, p. 4. A single internasal; ventrals 120-134 .. 3. plumbea, p. 5. B. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. 1. Four or five lower labials (on each side) in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; only the fourth upper labial entering the eye. a. Loreal in contact with the internasal ; scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals 120-128; subcaudals 54-66 .... 4. jagorit, p. 6. Ventrals 150-177; subcaudals 47-78 .... 5. enhydris, p. 6. b. Loreal not reaching the internasal. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 158-163; sub- caudals 47-53... ee eee eee 6. bennetti, p. 8. Scales in 23 rows; ventrals 143-151; sub- caudals 40-49 .............. 0.008. 7. chinensis, p. 8. 2. Three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields. Fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth labials entering the eye; ventrals 147— DDD arts, Bacay a Mara ouoie Capek aga while a0 oud a 8. macleayi, p. 9. Fifth or fifth and sixth labials entering the eye; ventrals 137-146 .............. 9. polylepis, p. 9. C. Scales in 25 to 33 rows. 1, A single internasal ; ventrals 125-130. Scales in 25 rows; internasal nearly as Tong as: broad... sec cc cesta 10. blanfordii, p. 10. Scales in 27 rows; internasal about twice as broad as long........-. ec eee e eee 11. bocourtii, p. 10. B2 4 COLUBRID, 2. Two internasals ; ventrals 141-156. Scales in 27 rows; rostral considerably broader than deep .......... ee eee eee 12. albomaculata, p. 11- Scales in 29 to 33 rows; rostral nearly as deep as broad.........2...0005- .... 18. seeboldii, p. 11. II. Eye separated from the labials. Scales in 25 or 27 rows; a single inter- nasal; a single pair of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ........ 14, punctata, p. 12. Scales in 31 or 338 rows; two internasals ; two pairs of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ...........-.. 15. dorie, p. 18. 1. Hypsirhina indica. (Prats I. fig. 1.) Raclitia indica, Gray, Zool. Misc, p, 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 79 (1849). Rostral broader than deep; internasals distinct ; frontal as broad. as or narrower than the supraocular (which appears to have fused with an upper postocular), little longer than broad, as long as its: distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the: parietals ; loreal longer than deep, in contact with the internasal ;. one pre- and one postocular ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials,. fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior ; the latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 178-175 ; anal divided; subcaudals 28-34. Dark purplish brown: above, with a few interrupted, yellowish, transverse lines on the occiput and anterior part of the body; sides with yellowish (red?) vertical bars; belly yellowish (red ?), spotted with black. Total length 345 millim. ; tail 40. Malay Peninsula? a,b. 3 (V. 173; C. 34) Malay Peninsula ? Gen. Hardwicke [Pi]. & @ (V.175; C. 28). (Types.) 2. Hypsirhina alternans. Brachyorrhos alternans, Reuss, Mus. Senckenbd. i. p. 155, pl. ix. fig. 3. (1834). Homalopsis decussata, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 344, pl. xiii. figs, 14— 16 (1837). Miralia alternans, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 68 (1842), and Cat. p. 79° (1849) ; Guinth. Cat. p. 277 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 590. : Eurostus alternans, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 957 (1854). Hypsirhina alternans, Jan, Elenco, p. 78 (1868); Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. iii. 1865, p. 262, and Icon. Gén. 30. pl. vi. figs. 1 & 2 (1868) ;. Boetty. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 183. ; Rostral broader than deep; internasals distinct ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and one third to once and a half ag 124, HypsIRHINa. 5 Jong as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep, in contact with the internasal; one pra- and one or two postoculars ; femporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior ; the latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 125-152; anal divided ; subcaudals 24-36. Dark purplish brown above, usually with more or less distinct light (red?) cross-bars, the first on the occiput ; yellowish (red?) beneath, with large alternating transverse black Spots or with irregular black cross-bars. Total length 465 millim. Java, Borneo. a. 2 (V. 152; C.?). Borneo." Dr. Bleeker. (Rabdosoma borneensis, Blkr.) &. Her. (V. 185; C. 24). Borneo. 3. Hypsirhina plumbea. Homalopsis plumbea, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 560; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. on pl. xiii. figs. 12 & 18 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 101 (1847). Hypsirhina hardwickii, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 1 (1884), and Cat. p. 72 (1849). Coluber plumbeus, Lyd. § Gerv. in Guér. Mag. Zool. Cl. iii. 1887, 1. xvi. fig. 1. ipsishina slucibes: Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 66 (1842) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 280 (1864); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, . 261, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. v. fig. 2 (1868) ; Theobd. Cat. Rept. vit. Ind. p. 182 (1876) ; Boetig. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1888, p- 88; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 376, fig. (1890). Eurostus plumbeus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 955, pl. Ixxxiv. fig. 2 (1854). Rostral much broader than deep ; internasal single, broader than long; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as road, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior ; latter separated by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 120-134 ; anal divided; subcaudals 29-46. Brownish or greyish olive above, uniform or with a vertebral series of small black spots; upper lip and lower parts white, usually with a blackish line along the middle of the tail; belly sometimes with some blackish spots, or with a median series of blackish dots. Total length 485 millim. ; tail 65. Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, a-b. & (V. 128; C. 40) Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. & & (V. 129; C. 38). 6 COLUBRIDZ. ce. Yg. (V. 129; C. 86). Hong Kong. J. i ‘alee Esq. d-e. § (V. 182; C. 42) Hoi How, Hainan, J. Neumann, Esq. & © (V. 126; C. 81). (P.]. : Sf. & (V. 181; C. 40). China. Mie pene eens 883. g & (V. 126; C. 38). Pachebone, Siam. M, Mouhot [C.]. h-i. 3 (V. 127; C. 43) Pinang. Dr, Cantor. & 9 (V. 121; C. 36). k Q (V. 125; C, 35). Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [P.].. : (Type of H. hardwickit.) 1. 3 (V. 120; C. 87). Bornev. m-o, Her. ¢ (V. 122; Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq.. C. 45), 9 (V. 122; [P.}. C. 87), & yg. (V. 122; C. = . p. & (V. 121; C. 39). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. 4, Hypsirhina jagorii. Hypsirhina (Eurostus) jagorii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 245. jagorii, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 282 (1864). Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; internasal single, more- than twice as broad as long; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, in contact with the internasal; one pre- and two: postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 120-128; anal divided; subcaudals 54-66. Dark olive above, with small black spots; lower half of upper labials, sides of body, and ventrals yellowish white, with a grey band running along each side of the belly on the outer ends. of the ventrals and the two outer rows of scales; subcaudals. blackish, spotted with yellowish white. Total length 510 millim, Siam. a, & (V. 128; C.?). Siam. M. Mouhot [C.]. b. 2 (V. 120; C.?). Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.].. ce, Her. (V. 122; C. 54). Siam. W. H. Newman, Bed [PL]. 5. Hypsirhina enhydris. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. as xxx. (1796). Hydrus enhydris, Schneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 245 (1799). atroceruleus, Shaw, Zool, iii. p. 567 (1802). Enhydris cerulea, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 202 (1802). Coluber pythonissa, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 107 (1808). Homalopsis aer, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 214, and 1827, p. 560; Schleg.. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 847, pl. xiii. figs. 10 & 11 (1887). Coluber aer, Eyd. § Gerv. in Guér. Mag. Zool, Cl. iii, 1837, pl. xvi.. figs. 2 & 3. 124. mypsrRHINA. 7 Homalopsis olivaceus, Cantor, Proc. Zool, Soc, 1839, p. 55. Hypsirhina trilineata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 66 (1842). —— bilineata, Gray, 1. ¢., and Cat. p. 73. — furcata, Gray, ll. ee. —— aer, Gray, Cat. p. 72. Homalopsis enhydris, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 99 (1847). Hypsirhina enhydris, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 946 (1854) ; Giinth. Rept. rit. Ind. p. 281, pl. xxii. fig. K (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 261, and Icon. Gén. 80, pl. iii. fig. 2, & v. fig. 1 (1868) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 183 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 376 (1890). Rostral twice as broad as deep; internasal single, nearly twice as broad as long; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep, in contact with the internasal; one pre-and two (rarely one) post- oculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior ; latter widely separated from each other. Scales in 21 rows, rarely 23 (specs. a,c). Ventrals 150-177 ; anal divided; subcaudals 47-78. Dark grey, brown, or olive above, with two more or less distinct light longitudinal bands ; lower parts whitish, with a blackish line along each side of the ventrals, and usually a median blackish line or series of dots. Total length 680 millim.; tail 135. Bengal, Southern India, Ceylon, Burma, Southern China, Cochin- china, Siam, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. A dark median ventral line. (H. enhydris, Schn.; H. tri- lineata, Gray.) a. Q (V.155; C.?). India, (Type of H. trilineata.) b,¢e. g (V. 157,157; C. — India. W. Masters, Esq. [P.]. 67, 64). d-e. Yg. (V. 162, 158; Bengal (?). Dr. Cantor. C. 66, 67). f. 2 (V. 163; C. 60). Darjeeling (?). _'T. C. Jerdon, Esq, [P-]. g- 2 (V. 169; C. 71). Siam. A-r. Yo. (V. 170, 168, Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. 172, 170,177, 166, 168, 166, 171, 164; C. 78, 75, 74, 74, 72, 68, 62, 64; 63, 64.) s-t. (V.158; C. 64) & Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Q (V. 157; C. 53). wu. Her. 9 (V. 163; C. Singapore. R. Swinhoe, Esq, [C.]. 69). ». 2 (V. 159; C. 63). Borneo. Leyden Museum. B. Median ventral line absent or reduced to a few widely sepa- rated dots. (H. bilineata, Gray ; H. furcata, Gray.) a. 3d (V.161; C. 68). China. W. Lindsay, Esq. [P.}. (Type of H. bilineata.) 8 COLUBRID. b. pe Q (V. 155; ©. Hong Kong, J. C. Bowring, Esq. e-d. Yg. (V. 155, 153; India, Types of H. furcata.) G. 4848), y ; (Typ e. 9 (V.151; C.?). —? Zoological Society. 6. Hypsirhina bennetti. Hypsirhina bennettii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 74 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 283 (1864). — maculata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 950 (1854). enhydris, var. maculata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 261, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1868). Rostra! broader than deep ; internasal single, small, not or but little broader than long; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and iuwo postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the enterlor chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales*. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 158-168; anal divided ; subeaudals 47-53. Greyish olive above, with large blackish spots, which may form an interrupted zigzag band along the back; upper lip, sides (three or four rows of scales), and lower parts yellowish white ; outer row of scales, ventrals, and subcaudals black-edged ; a median row of small black spots on the belly. Total length 530 millim.; tail 95. China. a 3d (V. 168; C.?). China. G. Bennett, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) b. & (V. 161; C. 53). China. J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. (PN. 7. Hypsirhina chinensis. (Pare I. fig. 2.) Hypsirhina chinensis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 73 (1842), and Cat. p. 78 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 283 (1864); Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 123, Rostral broader than deep ; internasal single, small, broader than long ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one pra- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 143-151; anal divided; subcaudals 40-49. Dark grey or olive above, with small darker spots which may be confluent into * Jan represents them as in contact. 124, HYPSIRHINA. 9 three streaks on the occiput and nape; second and third rows of scales yellowish white; ventrals, subcaudals, and outer row of scales dark grey or olive anteriorly, yellowish white posteriorly. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 70. China; Siam*, a. & (V.150; C. 46). China. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 5. 9 (V. 148; C. 41). China. Intern. Fisher. Exhib. 1883. ec. Her. 5 (V. 148; C. 46). China. A. Adams, Esq. [et d. & (V. 150; C. 49). Ichang. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. e & (V.151; C. 47). Hoi How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.]. 8. Hypsirhina macleayi. Pseudoferania macleayi, Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) v. 1890, p. 51. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; internasal single or divided, nearly twice as broad as long; frontal a little broader than the supraocular, nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal triangular, longer than deep, in contact with or narrowly separated from the internasal ; one or two pre- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which separate the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 147-152; anal divided; subcaudals 38-47. Grey or brown above, with small black spots, which may be confluent into two streaks on the neck; a blackish stripe on each side of the head, body, and tail, passing through the eye; upper lip, two or three lower rows of scales, and lower parts yellowish white ; a blackish streak on each side of the belly, between the ventrals and the first row of scales, and a broad black stripe along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 635 millim. ; tail 105. Herbert River District, Queensland. a-c. & (Se. 28; V. 151; Herbert R. J. A. Boyd, Esq. [P.]. C. 48) & yg. (Sc. 28; V. 152, 150 ; C. 47, 89). 9. Hypsirhina polylepis. Hypsirhina polylepis, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ges. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 14. Rostral broader than deep; internasal single or divided, twice as broad as long ; frontal broader than the supraocular, twice as long as broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the * J have examined a specimen from Bangkok preserved in the Christiania Museum. 10 COLUBRIDZ. snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; one or two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 1+38; eight upper labials, fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which separate the posterior, Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 137-146; anal divided ; subcaudals 39-40. Dark olive or blackish above and on the sides, with a yellowish lateral streak along the second row of scales ; belly brown, spotted with yellowish, or with a yellowish spot at the outer end of each ventral shield; tail dark, with a yellowish spot on each subcaudal shield. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 110. New Guinea. a, b-c. 9 (Sc. 23; V. 148; Fly River. Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.]. C. 40) & her. (Sc. 21; V. 137, 143; ©. 39, 40). 10. Hypsirhina blanfordii. Hypsirhina maculata (zon D. & B.), Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 180. maculosa, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 226. —— blanfordi, Bouleny. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 377 (1890). Head short, with broad, square, truncated snout; internasal single, nearly as long as broad; frontal fully twice as long as broad, a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; only one pair of large chin-shields, the posterior pair scarcely exceeding the adjoining scales in size. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 125; anal divided; subcaudals 45. Colour blackish ashy, with a row of large irregular-shaped black spots along the back and another rather less in size, but each spot including several scales, along each side; a blackish band along the margins of the ventrals, caused by the dark edges of the shields and of the first row of scales on each side. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 45. Pegu. 11. Hypsirhina bocourtii. Hypsirhina bocourti, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. iii. 1865, p. 258, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. v. fig. 2 (1868). Ferania sieboldii (non Schleg.), Gunth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 28. pie petiiua multilineata, Tirant, Notes Rept. Cochinch. p. 41 (1885). Rostral broader than deep; a single internasal, about twice as broad as long; frontal narrow, narrower than the supraocular, at least twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pr- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower 124, HYPSIRHINA, 11 labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are very large; posterior chin-shields very small and separated by scales. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 126-130; anal divided; subcaudals 40-48. Pale olive-brown above, with blackish cross-bands separated by narrow interspaces ; these cross-bands with roundish spots of the ground-colour in the middle, tapering to vertical bars on the sides of the body, and forming complete or interrupted rings across the belly ; upper lip, sides, and belly yellow, the labial shields black- edged. Total length 1120 millim.; tail 150. Siam. a. 2 (V. 126; C. 40). Siam. Sir R. Schomburg [P.}. 12. Hypsirhina albomaculata. Homalopsis albomaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 974 (1854). Hypsirhina albomaculata, Jan, Elenco, p. 77 (1803), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 259, and Icon, Gién. 28, pl. v. tig. 1 (1868). Rostral broader than deep; two internasals; each prefrontal usually longitudinally divided; frontal broader than the supra- ocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pree- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 3; nine upper labials, fifth (exceptionally fourth) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and separated by scales. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 140-150; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-48. Dark olive- brown above, with small yellowish or orange spots; one or two more or less distinct yellow cross-bars on the nape; sides and lower parts yellowish or orange, spotted with black. Total length 500 millim.; tail 60. Sumatra. a-c. (V. 143; 0.47) & Pulo Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. @ (V. 146, 141; C. 37, 38). 13. Hypsirhina sieboldii. Homalopsis sieboldii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 349, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 98 (1847). Ferania sieboldii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 66 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p.284 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 180; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 184 (1876) ; Murray, Journ. Bomb. Soc. i. 1886, p. 219. Trigonurus sieboldii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 960 (1854). Hypsirhina sieboldi, Jan, Elenco, p. 78 (1863), Arch. Zool, Anat, Phys, iii. 1865, p. 260, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iv. fig.2 (1868) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.,p. 877 (1890) ; W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. Ix. 1891, p. 246. mh Feranoides jamneticus, Carlleyle, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxviii. 1869, p. 196 12 COLUBRID. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; two internasals; frontal broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long ; one preocular, sometimes with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals small, 1+2; seven or eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small. Scales in 29 to 33 rows. Ventrals 147-156; anal divided ; sub- caudals 48-56. Whitish or pale brown above, with dark brown black-edged elliptical or rhomboidal transverse spots broader than their interspaces ; a series of round spots on each side, alternating with the dorsal spots; head with three dark brown longitudinal bands, confluent between the eyes; lower parts white, checkered with black. Total length 365 millim.; tail 67. Grows to 600 millim. India, Burma, Malay Peninsula. a. Ye. (Se. 83; V. 156; Bombay. Dr. Giinther [P.]. C. 56). b. Ye. (Se. 29; V. 147; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. C. 50). e. Her. go (Sc. 29; V. —? 147; C. 51). 14. Hypsirhina punctata. Phytolopsis punctata, Gray, Cat. p. 68 (1849). Eurostus heteraspis, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xvi. 1859, p. 440. Tachyplotus hedemanni, Reink, Vidensk. Meddel. 1866, p. 161, fi g. Pythonopsis borneensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 576, punctata, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1872, p. 87; Giinth. Proe. Zool, Soc. 1872, p. 590. Homalophis doris, var., Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xcvi. i. 1887, p. 71. ; Hypsirhina hageni, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 20, pl. i. Rostral slightly broader than deep; a single small internasal ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, at least twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; one or two loreals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like ; twelve to fourteen upper labials, the four or five first deep and narrow, the following divided into small shields between the labials proper and the eye and temporal shields ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are very large; posterior chin-shields small and separated by scales. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 135-156 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 28-41. Dark olive-brown above, uniform or with small yellow spots, which may form cross-bars ; one or two yellow cross-bars on the nape; a yellow transverse spot between the eyes ; yellow beneath. 125. momaxorsis. 13: Total length 370 millim. ; tail 40. Sumatra, Borneo. a. Pe (Se. 25; V.185; C. ——? (Type.) 6, Her. (Se. 25; V. 156; Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Type CO. 39). j of Eurostus heteraspis.) 15. Hypsirhina dorie. Homalophis dorie, Peters, Mon. Berl. 4c. 1871, p. 577, and Ann, Mus, Genova, iii. 1872, p. 38, pl. v. fig. 2. Rostral as deep as broad; two internasals ; {frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; supraocular divided into two or three small shields; two loreals, deeper than long; one pre-, two or three post-, and two or three suboculars ; temporals small, scale-like; fifteen upper labials, the five or six first deep and narrow, the following mostly transversely divided ; a pair of large chin-shields, separated from the symphysial by the first and second pairs of lower labials. Scales in 31 or 33 rows. Ventrals 141; anal divided; subcaudals 45. Olive- brown above; bright yellow beneath, uniform or spotted or dotted with blackish. Total length 800 millim.; tail 120. The specimen in the Collection (tail injured) measures 450 millim. from snout to vent. Borneo. a. @ (Se. 83; V. 141; C.?). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. _4~ 125. HOMALOPSIS. Homalopsis, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p.474; Gray, Zool, Misc. p. 64 (1842),. and Cat. Sn. p. 66 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 285 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 373 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 332 (1837); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 967; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, . 256. Berhonis, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxviii. 1859, p. 297. Maxillary teeth 11 to 13, decreasing in length posteriorly, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. Head distinct from neck ; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first labial ; internasal single or divided; loreal present. Body cylin- drical; scales distinctly striated and keeled, without pits, in 37 to 47 rows; ventrals well developed, not keeled. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. 14 COLUBRID. Skull of Homalopsis buccata. me 1. Homalopsis buccata. Merr. Beitr. ii, p. 36, pl. x. (1790) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxiii. (1801). Coluber buccatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 29, pl. xix. fig. 3 (1754), and 8, N. i. p. 877 (1766). subalbidus, Gimel. S. N. i. p. 1103 (1788). Vipera buccata, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 220 (1803). Coluber monilis, part., Daud. op. cit. vii. p. 59 (1803). —— horridus, Daud. 1. e. p. 71. Homalopsis molurus, Kuhl, Isis, 1826, p. 213. — monilis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521. ; —— buccata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 387, pl. xiii. figs. 1-3 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 96 (1847); Gray, Cat. p. 67 (1849) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 968 (1854) ; Guinth. Rep. Brit. Ind. Pp. 285 (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 256; Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 185 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 874, fig. (1890). —— hardwickii, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 65 (1842), and Cat. p. 67. —— semizonata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 187, Pythonia semizonata, Blyth, op. cit. xxviii. 1859, p. 297. Frontal often broken up into several shields, not much broader. sometimes even narrower than the supraocular; parietals short. loreal sometimes divided into two; one or two pre- and two post- oculars ; one to three suboculars sometimes present ; temporals small, 126. crnnerts. 15 scale-like ; ten to twelve upper labials, fifth or sixth entering the eye or narrowly separated from it by suboculars; two or three pairs of chin-shields in a transverse row, inner in contact with the three first Jower labials. Scales in 37 to 47 rows. Ventrals 160-171; anal divided; subcaudals 70-90. Above with broad transverse dark brown, black-edged cross-bands separated by narrow pale brown interspaces, which are whitish in the young; head pale, with a triangular or Y-shaped dark brown mark on the snout, a A-shaped mark on the vertex, and a dark brown band on each side, beginning in front of and passing through the eye; belly whitish, with a series of dark brown spots along each side; tail brown- spotted inferiorly. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 230. Bengal (?), Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. a. 3 (Sc. 41; V.164; C, 83). — India (?). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type of H. hardwickit.) b,¢,d. Yg. (Sc. 37, 41, 41 ; Bengal (?). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. V. 162, 160, 160; C. 82, 85, 78). e Q(Sc. 47; V.169;C.?). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C1]. f-r. & (Sc. 41; V. 168; C. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 88) & yg. (Sc. 39, 40; V. _ 163, 164; ©. 90, 86). i-l. Yg. (Sc. 41, 39, 87; V. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]}. 165, 167, 161; C. 85, 85, 76). m. 3 (Se. 40; V.168; 0.77). Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq.[P.]. n. 9 (Se. 37; V. 160; C. 71). Java, Leyden Mus. o. Yg. (Se. 39; V.162;C.81). Batavia. p-y. 2 (Sc. 45; V. 167; C. —? Haslar Collection. 85) & yg. (Se. 45 ; V. 170; C. 86). r. Skull. Malacca. eats 126. CERBERUS. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Syst. Amph. i. p. 283 (1799). Cerberus, Cuv. Régne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 81 (1829); Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 64 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 63 (1849) ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 977 (1854); Guinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 278 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 374 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 8382 (1837); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 256. Maxillary teeth 12 to 17, followed, after a very short interspace, by two slightly enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not very distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; snout covered with shields ; parietal shields more or less broken up into scales; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first or second labial ; two internasals (rarely united); loreal 16 : COLUBRIDE, present. Body cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without pits, in 28 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate, slightly compressed ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia; North Australia. Synopsis of the Species. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; scales very strongly keeled, in 23 to 27 rows; ventrals 132-160 ...... 1. rhynchops, p. 16.. Three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; scales moderately keeled, in 25 rows; ventrals 148-149 ............ 2. australis, p. 18. ‘Three (rarely four) labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; scales rather feebly keeled, in 29 rows ; ventrals 163-165 .. 3. mierolepis, p. 18. 1. Cerberus rhynchops. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xvii. (1796), and ii. pl. x]. (1801). Hydrus rhynchops, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 246 (1799). Elaps bozformis, Schne?d, op. cit. ii. p. 801 (1801). Hydrus cinereus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 567 (1802). Hurria schneideriana, Daud. Rept. v. p. 281 (1803). Coluber cerberus, Daud. op. cit. vii. p. 167 (1808). Python rhynchops, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820). Homalopsis cerberus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826). — wmolurus, Bore, Isis, 1826, p. 218. — ed Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 841, pl. xiii. figs. 6 & 7 1887). Pe cinereus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1839, p. 54; Gray, Cat. p. 64 (1849). Homalopsis rhynchops, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 94 (1847). Cerberus cinereus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 64. acutus, Gray, i. c. p. 65. —— unicolor, Gray, J. ¢. —— boeformis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 978 (1854). Homalopsis bowformis, Jan, Elenco, p. 77 (1863), and Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 257. Cerberus rhynchops, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 279 (1864) ; Anders. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 179; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 185 (1876) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 881 (1884); Bouleny. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 874 (1890). Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal shield distinct or broken up into small shields; loreal usually in contact with the three or four anterior labials and with the internasal; nasal cleft extending to the first upper labial, rarely to the second; eye between four to six shields, viz. a supraocular, a preocular, one or two postoculars, and one, two, or three suboculars; nine or ten upper labials, posterior transversely divided ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller and wedged in between: the anterior and the labials. Scales very strongly keeled, in 23 or 126. cERBERUS. 17 25 (rarely 27 *) rows. Ventrals 132-160; anal divided; subcaudals 49-72. Grey, brown, olive, or blackish above, with more or less distinct black spots or cross-bars; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a more or less distinct white or yellow lateral band ; ‘beneath whitish or yellowish, spotted or barred with black, or ‘almost entirely black. Total length 980 millim. ; tail 180. India and Ceylon, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, Pelew Islands. a. ri a 25; V. 145; Ganjam. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. 6. 4 “( 25; V. 147; Cocanada. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. a e. 3 (Se. 23, 25; Madras, T.C. tb erdon, Esq. [P.j. V. 145, 146; C. 64, 62) & 1g. (Se. 25 ; Vv. 146; C.6 S. ex (Se 25; V. 147; Nilgherries, t W. Theobald, Esq.[P.]. 66). : Sa 25; V. 145; = Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. 6.6 oes 25; V. 142; India. Dr. P. Russell. $ 64). a, k—m. b (Se. 25; V.145; India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. C. 56) & yg. (Se. 23, 25, 25; V. 146, 143, 146; C. 62, 60, 60). n. & (Se, ‘5 ; V. 147; India. College of Surgeons. C. 57). o. Q (Se. 25; V. 187; Ceylon. Messrs. v. Schlagint- C. 53). weit [C.]. p. Hin (Sc. 25; V. 189; Ceyion. R. Templeton, sq. 0.6 [P.]. qr. - (Se. 23; V. 149; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. C. 58) & yg. (Se. 23 V. 147; C. 56). 3. Yo. (Se. 23; V. 148; Pinang (?). Dr. Cantor. C. 67). t-1. 2 (Se. 23; V. 141, Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. ]. 144; OC. 55, 59). v. & (Sc. 23; V. 152; Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C.]}. C. 58). i w. 9 (Sc. 23; V. 125; Engano. Dr. Modigliani [C.]. C. 56). xz 3 Be. 23; V. 145; Borneo. Leyden Museum. C. 63). (Type of C. acutus.) y. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 150; ~—_ Borneo. C. 63). z © (Se..25; V. 144; Sarawak. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. C. 58). * T have examined a specimen from Trevandrum, preserved in the Travancore Museum, with 27 rows of scales. VoL, II. c 18 COLUBRIDZ. u, B. d (Sc. 23; V. 154; Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. C. 65) & yg. (Sc. 28; [P.]. V. 155; C. 66). y ie fee 23; V. 163; Palawan. A, Everett, Esq. [C.]. x. 60). d-e. g (Sc. 23; V. 160; Placer, Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. (C.]. C. 69) & 9’ (Sc. 25: V. 158; C.?). - é. a (Sc. 25; V. 151; Negros. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. . 58). n. & (Sc. 28; V. 157; Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. C.?). (Type of C. unicolor.) 4, 2 (Se. 25,23; V.151, Philippines. Messrs. Veitch [P.]. 150; ©. 55, 52). K é (Sc. 28; V. 153; Java. Q. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. . 66). A. gd (Se. 28; V. 151; Batavia. C. 64). be é (Se. 25; V. 150; Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B, Meyer [C.]. 55) v-&. 9 (8c. 23; V. 145, N. Ceram. 145; C. 52, 50). o-p. 3 (Sc. 28; V. 151; — Pelew Ids. G. L. King, Esq. [P.]. C. 61) & 2 (Sc. 23; V. 147, 147; C. 52, 63). o. Skeleton. Sumatra, vr. Skull. Manilla. v. Skull, Java. 2. Cerberus australis. (Prars II. fig. 1.) Homalopsis australis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 65 (1842). Cerberus australis, Gray, Cat. p. 65 (1849). Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished as follows :— Nasal cleft usually extending to the second upper labial; loreal in contact with the second and third labials. not touching the inter- nasal; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, Scales in 25 rows, not so strongly keeled as in C, rhynchops. Slate- colour above, with transverse black spots, whitish and blackish beneath, with a regular series of large black blotches along each side of the belly. Total length 590 millim, ; tail 105. North Australia. a. 9 (V. 148; 0.47). Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.]. (Type. b. g (V.149; 0.51). Port Essington. —-Sir J. Richasdeda ep 3. Cerberus microlepis. (Puare II. fig. 2.) Cerberus cinereus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 64 (1849), Closely allied to C. rhynchops, but only three (exceptionally four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; loreal not touching the internasal; scales much smaller, in 29 rows, rather feebly keeled ; and ventrals more numerous, 163-165, Dark olive y 127. nurostus.—128. myYRon. 19 above, with darker spots; a dark streak on each side of the head» passing through the eye; yellowish beneath, much spotted or marbled with blackish. Total length 660 millim.; tail 120. Philippine Islands. a-b, 2 (V. 165, 163; C. 61,57). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 127. EUROSTUS. Eurostus part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 498, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 951 (1854). Hypsirhina, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 258. Maxillary teeth 13 or 14, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth. Head small, scarcely distinct from neck ; eye small, with round (?) pupil; head-shields large; nasal semi- divided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the internasal, in contact behind the rostral; internasals distinct; loreal present. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 27 to 31 rows; ventrals narrow. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals in two rows. Bengal ? 1. Eurostus dussumieri. Eurostus dussumieri, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 953, pl. Ixxxiv. fig. 1 (1854). Hypsirhina dussumieri, Jan. Elenco, p. 78 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 260, and Icon. Gén. 80, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1868). Rostral broader than deep; internasals broader than long, behind the nasals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as deep as long; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; chin-shields small. Scales in 27 to 31 rows. Ventrals 144-148; anal divided; subcaudals 28-34. Pale brown above, with three blackish stripes; ventrals and subcaudals whitish, with a median series of small black spots which may be confluent into a streak. Total length 673 millim. ; tail 71. Bengal ? 128. MYRON. Myron, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 70 (1849). Neospades, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. vi. 1889, p. 288. Maxillary teeth about 10, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye very small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasal semi- divided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first or second labial; a single internasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without pits, in 21 c2 20 COLUBRID. rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, feebly compressed ; subcaudals in two rows. North Australia. 1, Myron richardsonii. Myron richardsonii, Gray, Cat. p. 70 (1849). . Neospades kentii, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. vi. 1889, p. 238, pl. xiv. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal as long as or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; two pre- and two postoculars: temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth or fifth entering the eye; three pairs of chin-shields in contact on the median line, the anterior in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales rather feebly keeled, in 21 rows. Ventrals 138-140 ; anal divided; subcaudals 30-35. Grey or olive above, with black cross-bars; head blackish; ventrals yellowish or pale brownish, edged with blackish in front, and with a more or less distinct dusky median streak. Total length 415 millim. ; tail 60. North Australia, a. 2 (V. 140; C. 35). N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson (P.]. (Type.) &. 2 (V. 140; C. 30). Port Essington. Both specimens are unfortunately in bad condition. 129. GERARDIA. Gerarda, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 77 (1849); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 379 (1890). Campylodon, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii, 1853, p. 499, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 963 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 263. Heleophis, F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, p. 286, Maxillary teeth 10, very small, followed by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil ; head-shields large ; nostril in an undivided nasal; a single inter- nasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. India, Burma and Ceylon. 1. Gerardia prevostiana. Coluber (Homalopsis) prevostianus, Fyd. & Gerv. in Guér. Zool., Ol. iii, 1887, pl. xiii, and Voy. mee v. Zool, Sa pl. xxix. (1839). e Gerarda bicolor, Gray, Cat. p.77 (1849) ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i, 1868, p. 421; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1876). 130, FoRDONIA, 21 Campylodon prevostianum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 964 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iti. 1865, p. 263, and Icon. Gén. 80, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1868) ; F. Mull. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 700. Heleophis flavescens, F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, p. 286, l. v. fig. 2. Ginein ‘prevostiana, Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 379 (1890) ; Haly, Journ, As. Soc, Ceyl. xi. 1892, p. 197. Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal slightly longer than deep, a little smaller than the nasal; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 142 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much larger than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 146-148; anal divided; subcaudals 31-34. Uniform dark olive or grey above ; three outer series of scales white; upper lip white, rostral dark olive; ventrals and subcaudals grey or whitish, with dark edges. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 65. Coasts of India, Ceylon, and Burma. a. d (V. 154; C. 33). Bandora, Bombay Coast. H. M. Phipson, Esq. P [P.]. b-c. & (V. 153, 148; Bassein R., Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. C. 33, 34). [C.}. d. & (V. 146; 0.33), ——P? (Type of G. bicolor.) 130. FORDONIA. Homalopsis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 332 (1887). Fordonia, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 76 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. . 378 (1890). Ho niodostus, Dum. §& Bibr, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 882 (1854). Hemiodontus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 263, Maxillary teeth small, 7 or 8, followed by two enlarged grooved teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large ; nostril in an undivided or semidivided nasal ; a single inter- nasal, separating the nasals; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits,in 25 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals all or part in two rows. From Burma and Cochinchina to New Guinea and North Australia, 1. Fordonia leucobalia. Homalopsis leucobalia, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 345, pl. xili. figs. 8 & 9 (1837); Schleg. §& Mill. Verk. Nat. Nedert. Overz. Bexitt., Rept. p- 61, pl. viii. (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 102, pl. xl. fig. 5 1847). (1847 22 COLUBRID. Fordonia leucobalia, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 77 (1849) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 378 (1890); W. L. Selater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lx. 1891, p. 245. unicolor, Gray, Cat. p. 77; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1865, p. 154; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 182 (1876); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, . 889, Hiiedentas leucobalia, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 884 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. ee Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 264, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1868). oe Jan, Elenco, p. 79 (1863), and Ui. cc. pl. vi. fig. 3. Fordonia bicolor, Zheob. Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 1868, p. 56, and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 181. — variabilis, Macleay, Proc, Linn, Suc. N.S. W. ii. 1878, p. 219. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+3 or 248; five upper labials, third entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are small and a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 130-156, last frequently divided; anal divided ; subcaudals 26-43. Coloration of upper parts very variable; lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 930 millim.; tail 110. Rivers and Coasts of Bengal, Burma, Cochinchina, Malay Archi- pelago, New Guinea, and North Australia, A. Black above, with or without small yellowish-white spots. (Ff. leucobalia, Schl.) a. Q (Se. 25; V. 155; Nicobars. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 9 P C. 29). a b-c. ¢ (Sc. 25; V.148; N. Coast of Australia. nt . ‘Alert.’ C. 87) & Q (Se. 25; V. 147; C. 28). d. g (Se. 25; V.148; N. Australia. Mrs. Montague Levey C. 38). [P.}. B. Yellow or pale reddish above, spotted or marbled with black. a-c. § (Sc.25; V.145, Port Darwin, N. Aus- R. G. S. Buckland, 146; C. 38, 39) & 2 tralia. Esq. [P.]. (Se.25; V.149; 0.32). C. Red above, with a black vertebral stripe ; head black. a. & (Se. 25; V. 143; N. Coast of Australia. ELMS. * Alert,’ C. 39). D. Brown above, with or without small black spots, gradually passing to yellowish on the sides. (. unicolor, Gray.) a. 2 (Se. 29; V.155; Burma. H. L. Goertz, Esq. C. 30). P.1. b. Q (Se. 27; V. 152; Cochinchina, Cc. E, Cox-Smith, C. 32). Esq. [P.]. 131. canrorta. 23 Cc. a nog 29; V. 146; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. d. ei a 27; V.158; Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. e. 3 (Se. 25; V.148; Borneo. C. 43). St an 27; V.147; Niah, Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. g: o (Se 27; V.156; Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. . 88). h-t. 2 (Sc. 27, 25; V. N. Ceram. 144, 146; O. 32, 34). k. 9 (Se. 25; V. 156; Fly R., New Guinea. Rev. S. Macfarlane C. 28). Ne 1. a f re 27; V. 188; Port Moresby. Rev. G. Turner (C.}. Fordonia papuensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 35, from Katow, New Guinea, is possibly a synonym of the above species. The exclusion of the third labial from the eye may be an individual anomaly ; whilst the number (22) of series of scales given in the description may not be the highest to be found on the specimen. 131. CANTORIA. Cantoria, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 156 (1858); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 380 (1890). Hydrodipsas, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 270. Hemiodontus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 263. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, last longest and grooved; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil ; head-shields large ; nostril in a semidivided nasal, the cleft of which extends to the prefrontal; a single internasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body extremely elongate, slightly compressed; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Borneo. 1. Cantoria violacea. Cantoria violacea, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 156, pl. xi. figs. 7-10 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 812; Liitk. Vidensk. Meddel, 1866, p. 151; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 380, fig. (1890). Hydrodipsas elapiformis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 270, pl. —. fig. 1. ; Cantoria elongata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864). Hemiodontus elapiformis, Jan, Elenco, p. 79 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. tii. 1865, p. 265, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1868). Cantoria elapiformis, Guinth. Zool. Rec. 1868, p. 124. dayana, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 208, 24 COLUBRIDZ, pl. xi. fig. 5; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 178; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 181 (1876). Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals; eye between four shields, viz., a preocular, a supraocular, a postocular, and a subocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one elongate anterior temporal, in contact with the postocular and the subocular ; five upper labials; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are not longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 266-278; anal divided; subcaudals 56-64. Blackish above, with white transverse bands which widen towards the abdomen ; these bands are very narrow in the typical form, wider in the var. dayana (spec. a), but constantly much narrower than the black interspaces; some white spots on the head; lower parts white, with greyish spots, the continuation of the dorsal bands ; these bands may form complete rings on the tail. Total length 830 millim.; tail 110. Mouth of the Moulmein River, Burma; Singapore; Borneo. a. 2 (V. 266; C. 57). ae 132. HIPISTES. Hipistes, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 77 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 286 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 381 (1890). Bitia, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 68. Maxillary teeth 8 or 9, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged grooved teeth. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields small, parietals broken up into numerous shields ; nostril a transverse slit between two nasals ; a single internasal, separating the nasals ; a loreal. Body elongate, slightly compressed ; scales smooth, without pits, juxtaposed or subimbricate, in 35 to 43 rows; ventrals narrow, with two sharp keels. Tail short, feebly compressed ; sub- caudals in two rows. Coasts of Burma, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula. 1. Hipistes hydrinus. Homalopsis hydrina, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 104, pl. xl. fig. 4 1847). Billa hydroides, Gray, Cat. p. 63 (1849). Hipistes fasciatus, Gray, 1. c. p. 78. hydrinus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 287, pl. xxiv. fig. H (1864) ; Stohezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 207; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 181; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 382, fig. (1890). Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; frontal narrow, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of 133. HERPETON, 25 the snout; eye between four shields, viz. a supraocular, a preocular, a subocular, and a small postocular ; seven upper labials; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields extremely small. Scales in 35 to 43 rows. Ventrals 153-165 ; anal divided; subcaudals 22-35. Pale grey or brownish above, with black cross-bands as broad as the interspaces between them or narrower; lower parts white. Total length 485 millim.; tail 50. Mouths of rivers and coasts of Pegu, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula. a-b. & (Se. 87; V. 160; C. 34) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & yg. (Se. 39; V. 155 ; C. 35), ce. 9 (Sc. 43; V.160; 0.27). Pinang. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. d. $ (Sc. 41; V.160; C. 31). Bangkok. Christiania Museum. e. ¢ (Se. 89; V. 165; 0.33). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. J. & (Sc. 89; V. 157; C. 38). P (Type of Bitia hydroides.) g Q (Se. 39; V. 161; C, 24). —P (Type of Hipistes fasciatus.) h. Q (Sc. 41; V. 161; C.27). ——? 133. HERPETON. Erpeton, Lacép. Bull. Se, Soc. Philom. ii. 1800, p. 169, and Ann, Mus, ii. 1803, p. 280; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 62 (1849); Dum. & Bidr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 983 (1854). Rhinopirus, Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 81 (1820). Herpeton, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 169 (1880) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 115, and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1861, p. 266, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 288 (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys, iii, 1865, p. 255. Homalopsis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 332 (1837). Maxillary teeth 12 or 18, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged grooved teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, with two long, scaly, rostral appendages ; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nostril in a semidivided nasal, which is separated from its fellow by aseries of small scales ; loreal region covered with small scales; no regular chin-shields. Body cylindrical; scales strongly keeled, in 37 rows ; ‘ventrals very riarrow, bicarinate. ‘Tail moderate, covered with uniform keeled scales. Cochinchina and Siam. 1. Herpeton tentaculatum. Erpeton tentaculatus, Lacép. Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. ii. 1800, p. 169, and Ann. Mus. ii. 1808, p. 280, pl. l.; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 246, pl. Ixxxvi. (1803) ; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xx. fig. 3 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 63 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 984 (1854), Rhinopirus erpeton, Merr. Tent. p. 82 (1820). Homalopsis herpeton, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 859 (1837), and Abbild. p. 50, pl. xvi. (1889), Herpeton tentaculatum, Jan, Icon. Gén, 1, pl. i. (1860); Guinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 114, pl. xxiii. ; Cornalia, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 26 COLUBRID. (2) xiii, 1861, p. 145; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 902, and 1863, p. 247 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 288 (1864) ; Bocourt, N. Arch, Mus. ii, 1866, Bull. p. 6; Morice, Ann. Sc. Nat. (6) ii. 1875 art. 5, pl. xx.; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1882, p. 74. Rostral very small; a pair of prefroutals, separated from the nasals by small shields; frontal slightly longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, separated from the supracculars by a series of small shields; 13 to 15 upper labials, separated from the eye by a series of suboculars ; temple covered with small keeled scales. Scales strongly keeled, in 37 rows. Ventrals 110-136, only twice as large as a scale; anal divided. A broad dark brown vertebral band, with more or less regular black transverse lines; a dark brown lateral stripe, extending to the snout and passing through the eye, separated from the vertebral band by a yellowish-brown band; yellowish beneath, with two dark brown longitudinal stripes. Total Jength 610 millim. ; tail 170. Cochinchina and Siam, in brackish water. a-b. Q (V. 126) & yg. (V. 188). Siam, M. Mouhot [C.]. Alluaudina (infra, p. 38) should perhaps be referred to this Subfamily. See Mocquard, Bull. Soc, Philom. (8) vii. 1895, p. 124. Subfam. 5. DIPSADOMORPHINE:. Coronelle, part., Colubrini, part., Dendrophide, part., Bote, Isis 1827, p. cio. D » part., P » part., » y Oxycéphaliens, Sténocéphaliens, Scytaliens, Dipsadiens, Anisodon- tiens, part., Duméril, Mém, Ac. Sc. xxiii. p. 427, 1853; Duméril & Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 796, 1854. Calamaridee, part., Coronellide, part., Dryadide, part., Psammo- phide, Dendrophide, part., Dryiophidw, Dipsadide, part., Scyta- lide, Giinther, Cat. Col. Sn. 1858. Calamarid, part., Probletorhinide, part., Coronellide, part., Potamo- iene part., Psammophidz, Dryophilide, part., Scytalide, part., ipsadide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. 1863. Calamaride, part., Colubrid, part., Psammophide, Dendrophide, part., Dryiophide, Dipsadidee, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. 1864. Trimerorhini, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 118, 1882. Calamarine, part., Scytaline, Philodryadine, Dryophidine, Psam- mophidinz, Dipsadinew, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 484, 1886. Dipsadinz, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 356, 1890. Dipsadinz, Scytaline, Erythrolamprine, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe, xviii. p. 207, 1895. Nostrils lateral ; dentition well developed. Cosmopolitan, except the northern parts of the Northern Hemi- sphere. Terrestrial, arboreal, or subaquatic. DIPSADOMORPHINA, 27 Synopsis of the Genera. I. Hypapophyses present throughout the vertebral column, represented on the posterior dorsal vertebres by a more or less developed crest or tubercle projecting below the condyle. A. Solid maxillary teeth equal or subequal. 1, Pupil round; body cylindrical ; scales smooth. Mandibular teeth subequal ; scales without pits. 134. Geodipsas, p. 32. Anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged ; scales without pits ; subcaudals single .......... 135. Hologerrhum, p. 33. Anterior mandibular teeth longest; scales with apical pits. 136. Ithycyphus, p. 34. 2. Pupil vertical. a. Eye moderate ; body cylindrical. Snout ending in a long scaly appendage; scales keeled. 137. Langaha, p. 35. Snout without appendage; scales strongly keeled. 138. Alluaudina, p. 38. Snout without appendage ; scales smooth ; a series of suboculars. 139. Eteirodipsas, p. 38. b. Eye large ; body compressed ; scales smooth. 140. Stenophis, p. 39. B. Solid maxillary teeth very unequal; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged; pupil vertical. Body compressed ; scales smooth ; tail long. 141. Lycodryas, p. 44. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth or obtusely keeled ; tail moderate, with single subcaudals ; nostril between nasal and supranasal. 142. Pythonodipsas, p. 45. Body cylindrical; scales smooth ; tail short, with single subcaudals. 143. Ditypophis, p. 46. II. Hypapophyses absent in the posterior dorsal vertebre. A, Solid maxillary teeth gradually decreasing in length, the anterior much longer than the posterior; head distinct from neck ; pupil vertical. 1. Vertebral scales not enlarged. Body cylindrical or slightly compressed; scales oblique ; no sub- OGULATS: occs ae oes edie savas 144, Tarbophis, p. 47. 28 COLUBRID. Body compressed ; scales slightly oblique; usually a subocular below the procular and loreal divided. L 145. Trimorphodon, p. 53. Body compressed ; scales straight ; no suboculars. 8 146. Lycognathus, p. 56. 37 2. Scales of vertebral row enlarged. 147. Trypanurgos, p. 58. 8. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or gradually increasing in length; head more or less distinct from neck; pupil ee vertical. 1. Scales more or less oblique, vertebral row more or less enlarged. Subcaudals in two rows........ 148. Dipsadomorphus, p. 59. ~~ Subcaudals single ............ 149. Dipsadoboa, p. 81. 2. Scales not oblique. f a. Ventral shields strongly angulate laterally; scales — strongly keeled .. 150. Rhinobothryum, p. 82. ¢ ¢ #020" 6. Ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate, a, Nostril between two nasals, a * Body very slender, strongly compressed ; scales very narrow. 151. Himantodes, p. 83. ** Body cylindrical or moderately compressed. t Maxillary teeth gradually and feebly increasing in length ; posterior nasal concave. Body cylindrical or moderately compressed ; loreal not entering the SH OYE at se saree eave e ee Nes 152. Leptodira, p. 88. OS tiga Body compressed ; loreal entering the eye. _ 153. Chametortus, p. 98. Tt Maxillary teeth equal; body cylindrical or feebly compressed. Anteses mandibular teeth longest. 154. Oxyrhopus, p. 99. Mandibular teeth subequal; rostral shield with sharp horizontal Cde: ses enawes sea eae 155. Rhinostoma, p. 114. (. Nasal entire or semidivided ; body cylindrical. * Scales with apical pits. + Maxillary teeth 10 to 18, subequal. ~~ Mandibular teeth subequal; eye large. 156. Thamnodynastes, p.115. — Anterior mandibular teeth longest ; eye moderate. : 157. Tachymenis, p. 117. gists DIPSADOMORPHIN A. 29 tf Maxillary teeth 9 or 10, increasing in length ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged ; eye small. 158. Hemirhagerrhis, p. 119. ** Scales without pits; maxillary teeth 15, equal; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. 159. Manolepis, p. 120. C. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or increasing in length to the last; head more or less distinct from neck; pupil round or horizontal ; scales with apical pits. 1. Solid maxillary testi 10 or more, separated from the grooved fangs by an interspace. a. Pupil round. a. Anterior mandibular teeth not enlarged ; nasal entire or semidivided. Maxillary teeth gradually increasing in size. 162. Amplorhinus, p. 124. Maxillary teeth equal ........ 163. Pseudablabes, p. 126. < . (. Anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Maxillary teeth subequal; scales more or less oblique; nostril between two nasals ........ 164. Philodryas, p. 127. Last solid maxillary tooth very large, fang-like. 165. Ialtris, p. 137. Maxillary teeth subequal ; nostril between two nasals and the inter- Nasal. eres in owe 166. Trimerorhinus, p. 138. Maxillary teeth subequal; nostril in a single or divided nasal ; scales more or less distinctly grooved. "167. Ceelopeltis, p. 141. b. Pupil horizontal ; scales very oblique ; body compressed. 176. Thelotornis, p. 184. 2. Solid maxillary teeth 17 to 20, not separated from the grooyed fangs, which are feebly enlarged; scales more or less oblique; body compressed. Ventrals rounded ; pupil round . 178. Oxybelis, p. 189. t Ventrals and subcaudals with suture-like lateral keel; pupil horizontal ................ 179. Dryophiops, p. 193. Ventrals and subcaudals with suture-like lateral keel ; pupil round. 180. Chrysopelea, p. 195. 8. Solid maxillary teeth 4 to 9; grooved fangs very large. Eye large; scales oblique...... 160. Tomodon, p. 120. Z Eye moderate ; scales forming straight longitudinal series. 168. Rhamphiophis, p. 144. Eye extremely large ; scales very oblique. 177. Dispholidus, p. 186. A = 4 30 COLUBRID. D. Solid maxillary teeth unequal, the middle ones the longest. 1. Solid maxillary teeth forming an uninterrupted series ; pupil round. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, gradually decreasing in size in front and Belitd: < cc cac swale nos aas 169. Dromophis, p. 149. Maxillary teeth 14, middle ones much enlarged. 170. Taphrometopon, p. 151. 2. Longest solid maxillary teeth followed by a gap. a, Pupil round; scales with apical pits. Loreal in contact with the preocular. 171. Psammophis, p. 152. Loreal separated from the preocular by the prefrontal. 172. Mimophis, p. 171. b. Pupil vertically subelliptic. Eye rather large; scales without apical pits. 173. Psammodynastes, p. 172. Eye rather small; scales with apical pits. 174. Macroprotodon, p. 175. c. Pupil horizontal ; scales very oblique, with apical pits. 175. Dryophis, p. 177. E. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or increasing in Jength to the last; head not or but slightly distinct from neck ; pupil round; scales without apical pits, 1. Subcaudals in two rows. a. Solid maxillary teeth 10 to 15, the grooved fangs below or just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye. a. Grooved maxillary teeth very large; anterior mandibular teeth longest. 161. Conophis, p. 122. 8. Grooved maxillary teeth feebly or moderately enlarged ; mandibular teeth equal. * Internasals distinct from nasals; two prefrontals, t+ Loreal present. Eye moderate ; tail moderate or long; nostril between two nasals. 181. Erythrolamprus, p. 199. Eye small; tail moderate; nasal entire or semidivided. 182. Hydrocalamus, p. 209. | Eye small; tail short; nostril between two nasals, 183. Scolecophis, p. 210, DIPSADOMORPHIN A, 31 tt Loreal absent. Rostral moderate ............ 184. Homalocranium, p. 212. - Rostral very large, prominent .. 185. Ogmius, p. 228. ** Internasals united with anterior nasals. 186. Stenorhina, p. 229. *** Tnternasals distinct ; a single prefrontal ; vertebree with shield-like neural expansions. 187. Xenopholis, p. 231. 7 t. Maxillary very short, with 2 to 5 solid teeth ; grooved teeth below or in advance of the eye. a. No anterior temporal; parietals in contact with labials, * Palate toothed. No internasals; nasal entire, moderate. 188, Apostolepis, p. 232. No internasals ; nasal entire, very small. 191. Amblyodipsas, p. 244. Internasals distinct ; nasal divided or semidivided. 193. Calamelaps, p. 245. ** Palate toothless. Internasals distinct ; no praocular. 194. Rhinocalamus, p. 247. No internasals ; nasal in contact with an elongate preocular. 195. Xenocalamus, p. 24°7. @. Postocular in contact with a temporal, * Nasal in contact with the rostral. + Nasal single. No internasals ; loreal present .. 189. Elapomoius, p. 237. No loreal; a preocular........ 190, Elapomorphus, p. 238. -— No loreal; no preocular ...... 196. Micrelaps, p. 248. +t Nostril between two nasals. 192. Elapotinus, p. 244. ** First labial in contact with the internasal, 197. Miodon, p. 249. 2, Subcaudals single. a. Maxillary very short, with 2 to 4 solid teeth. a. First labial in contact with the internasal. No occipital shield............ 198, Polemon, p. 253. A large azygous occipital shield... 199. Brachyophis, p. 254. 32 COLUBRID, 6. Nasal in contact with the rostral. 200. Macrelaps, p. 255. b. Maxillary short, with 6 to 10 solid teeth. Posterior maxillary teeth large and strongly grooved. 201. Aparallactus, p. 255. Posterior maxillary teeth feebly enlarged and feebly grooved. 202. Elapops, p. 262. 134. GEODIPSAS. Maxillary teeth 14 or 15, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. 1. Geodipsas infralineata. (Prare ITI. fig. 1.) Tachymenis infralineatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. N. (5) ix. 1882, p. 265. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal trapezoidal, as long as deep; one pre- and two post- oculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-187; anal entire; subcaudals 55-62. Brown above, uniform or with small blackish spots; a black streak along the upper surface of the tail and the posterior part of the back; a dark streak on each side of the head, behind the eye, and another in the middle, from the frontal to the occiput ; lower parts yellow, with some brown dots and a continuous or interrupted brown streak along the middle of the belly and tail. Total length 760 millim. ; tail 150. Madagascar. a. 2 (V. 187; C. 62). E. Betsilio. Rev. W. D. Cowan ‘ (C.]. (Type.) &. @ (V. 172; C. 55). E. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. 2. Geodipsas boulengeri. Tachymenis boulengeri, Peracca, Boll. Mus, Torin. vii. 1892, no. 112, p. 3. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- 135. HoLoGERRHUM, 33 nasals broader than long, a little smaller than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two superposed loreals ; one pra- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 187; anal entire; sub- caudals 31. Brown above, with scattered small yellow spots ; lips, sides, and outer ends of ventrals closely dotted with blackish ; each labial with a round yellow spot; a crescentic yellow marking on each side of the neck, just behind the head; belly and lower surface of tail bright yellow. Total length 348 millim.; tail 48. Andrangoloka, Madagascar. 135. HOLOGERRHUM. Hologerrhum, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 186 (1858). Maxillary teeth 20, equal, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column, Philippine Islands. 1. Hologerrhum philippinum. Hologerrhum philippinum, Giinth. Cat. p. 186 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 171, pl. xviii. fig. B.* Cyclochorus maculatus, Jan, Icon. Gién. 36, pl. vi. fig. 8 (1870). Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1-+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 144; anal entire; sub- caudals 40. Brown above, with a few alternating black spots on the anterior part of the back, and one or two black cross-bars behind the head; a black streak on each side of the head; passing through the eye; upper lip yellowish; a black line on each side of" the posterior part of the body and of the tail; lower parts yellowish, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral shield; on the tail these dots are confluent into a line. * The specimen from Placer, Mindanao, referred to this species by Giinther (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 78), belongs to Cyclocorus lineatus. VOL, III. D ‘34 COLUBRID. Total length 280 millim.; tail 52. Philippine Islands. a. 9 (V. 144; C. 40). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type-) 136. ITHYCYPHUS. Coluber, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1837). Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. 1. c. p. 173. Dryophylax, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1108 (1854). Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 123 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 83 (1863). Ithycyphus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xi. 1878, p. 874. Maxillary teeth 15 to 18, subequal, followed, after a short inter- space, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 rows ; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. 1. Ithycyphus goudoti. Herpetodryas goudotii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. } 187 (1887). Dryophylax goudotii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1122 (1854). Philodryas goudotii, Giénth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). Ithycyphus caudolineatus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) xi. 1873, p. 374. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal bell-shaped, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice to thrice as long as deep; one prxocular (sometimes divided), in contact with the frontal ; three postoculars ; temporals 14+2 or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with -the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 170-209; anal divided; subcaudals 121-175. Yellowish or pale brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct angular or arrowheaded black markings; some of the scales may be white-edged ; upper lip yellow; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; two more or less distinct black streaks on each side of the tail; belly yellowish or pale brown, uniform or spotted with black; tail frequently with a black line along its lower surface. Total length 830 millim.; tail 340. Madagascar. a-d. & (V. 170, 175; 8. Madagascar. (Types of I. caudo- C. 128, 165) & 2 lineatus.) (V. 181, 180; C.?, 170). 137. LANGABA. 35 é 3 (V.175; C.162). Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan C.). JS & (V.170; C. 164). Sahambendrana. wt Midiestee [C.]. g 2 (V.176; C.144). Antongil Bay. L. H. Ramsom, Esq. Bhi A, Skull of e. ee 2. Ithycyphus miniatus. Coluber miniatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 148 (1837), and Abbild. p. 104, pl. xxviii. figs. 12-16 (1844). Dryophylax miniatus, Dum. § Bubr. vii. p. 1120 (1854), Philodryas miniatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 84 (1863); Boetty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 18, and 1879, p. 464, and xii. 1881, p. 444. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal bell-shaped, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 142 (rarely 2+3); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 195-212; anal divided; subcaudals 128-164. Greyish, yellowish, or reddish, uniform or with small darker and lighter variegations; posterior part of body and tail sometimes bright red; sides of head and neck sometimes with a blackish streak, passing through the eye; labials yellowish, some- times edged with blackish ; belly more or less closely speckled with brown. Total length 1230 millim. ; tail 400. Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. a. 2 (V.198; C, 153). Madagascar. be. 5 (V. 202, 202; Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. C. 160, 160) & 2 (V. 207, 195; C.?, 138). 137. LANGAHA. Langaha, Brugniére, Journ. de Phys. xxiv. 1784, p. 182; Lacép. Serp. ii. p. 469 (1789); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 237 (18038) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 802 (1854) ; Gtiinth. Cat. Col, Sn. p. 161 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1863). Xyphorhynchus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 184 (1830). Dryiophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. il. p. 241 (1887). Maxillary teeth 15 or 16, subequal, followed by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior palatine and mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck, suout with small shields, ending in a long scaly appendage ; eye moderate, with vertical pupil; nasal entire. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, D2 36 COLUBRID. with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angu- late laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. Maxillary and mandible of Langaha nasuta. Synopsis of the Species. Rostral appendage twice as long as the snout, ensiform, not serrated ........ 1. nasuta, p. 36, Rostral appendage once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the snout, tapering to a sharp point, and serrated above at the end ............000005 2. intermedia, p. 37. Rostral appendage not more than once and a half as long as the snout, serrated above and beneath ...........00 eee 3. crista-galli, p. 37. 1. Langaha nasuta. Brugnitre, Journ. de Phys. xxiv. 1784, p. 182, pl. ii. Langaha nasuta, Shaw, Nat. Mise. xxii. pl. emlxviiii—(?); Giinth. Cat. p. 162 (1858) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1878, p. 270, and 1879, p. 467, and xii. 1881, p. 447. Amphisbeena langaha, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 857 (1801). Langaha madagascariensis, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 240 (1803). Dryiophis langaha, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 248 (1837), and Abdild. p. 20, pl. vii., & pl. viii. figs. 7-11 (1837). Langaha ensifera, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 803 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén- 33, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1869). Head narrow and elongate, ending in a long, ensiform, three- edged rostral appendage, covered with imbricate scales, which gradu- ally tapers to a sharp point; the length of this appendage about twice the length of the snout, and five to six times its basal depth ; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; a pair of more or less regular, enlarged prefrontal shields; frontal narrow, its anterior width about equal to the posterior width of the supraocular ; one, two, or three loreal shields; two pree- and four postoculars; tem- porals small, scale-like; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; three pairs of chin-shields bordering the mental groove. Scales rather strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 145- 152; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 136-153. Pale brown to brick-red above, uniform, or with ill-defined small black spots ; upper lip and lower parts yellow or orange, the belly and tail 137. LANGAHA. 37 sometimes dotted with blackish ; a fine yellowish-white line, edged above with brown or black, extends on each side from below the nasal shield to the anterior third of the body, where it is gradually lost. Total length 950 millim. ; tail 410. Madagascar. a. Hgr. (V. 150; C.141). Madagascar. Paris Museum [E.]. b. 3 (V. 152; C. 148). Madagascar. e-d. & (V.149; C.P )& yg. Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]. (V. 148; C. 187). e. S (V. 150; C.?), Antongil Bay. L. H. Ransome, Esq, [P.]. JS. & (V. 147; C, 142). Nossi Bé. : g» Skull of f. 2. Langaha intermedia. Langaha intermedia, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag.'N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 106, pl. v. fig. 6. Intermediate between ZL. nasuta and L. crista-galli. Rostral appendage once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the snout, tapering to a sharp point, feebly serrated at the end, its basal depth contained four to five times in its length. Ventrals 142-147 ; subcaudals 120-185. Grey-brown above and beneath, speckled with dark brown or black and with more or less distinct traces of lighter, dark-edged cross-bars on the sides; no light lateral streak. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 315. Madagascar. a. Q@ (V. 142; C. 125). Nossi Bé. (Type.) b,c. 9 (V. 146, 147; 6.135, Madagascar. 129). d. Yg. (V. 147; C. 120). Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.}. 3. Langaha crista-galli. Langaha crista-galli, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 806, pl. Ixxi. (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 162 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1869) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1879, p. 465. Differs from the two preceding in having the rostral appendage much deeper, obtuse or rounded, and strongly serrated at the end; its length once and one third to once and a half that of the snout, its greatest depth two to three times in its length; the serrations forming one crest above and two below the distal half of the - appendage. Ventrals 146-149; subcaudals 119-142. Grey- brown or reddish above and beneath, more or less speckled with dark brown, and with a lateral series of more or less distinct whitish, dark-edged spots alternating with those on the other side ; no light lateral streak. 38 COLUBRIDZ. Total length 800 millim.; tail 315. Madagascar. a. & (V.146; C. 119). S.E. Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.]. & @ (V. 148; C.129). Madagascar. Christiania Museum.. e. fo (V. 146; C. 142). Madagascar. 188. ALLUAUDINA. Alluaudina, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom. 1894, no. 17, p. 9. * Mandibular teeth small and equal. Head very distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal indistinctly divided. Body rounded; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals single. Madagascar. 1. Alluaudina bellyi. Alluaudina bellyi, Mocquard, 1. v. Head broad, much depressed. Rostral twice as broad as deep, not extending to the upper surface of the snout; internasals very short ; prefrontals very large, as long as broad; frontal as broad as. long, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular small; loreal a little longer than deep; two pre- and three postoculars; temporals scale-like,. keeled ; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales rugose and strongly keeled, in 25 rows. Ventrals 161; anal entire; subcaudals 68. Purplish brown above, with a lateral series of darker spots along the flanks; lower parts greyish white, with square black spots, partly confluent and disposed irregularly. * Total length 312 millim.; tail 73. Ambre Mt., Saccaranii Valley, Madagascar. 189. ETEIRODIPSAS. Dips part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 857 (1837); Dum. §& Bibr. rp. Gén, vii. p. 1183 (1854). Eteirodipsas, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Maxillary teeth 14 to 16, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs ; anterior mandibular teeth longest.. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertical pupil, separated from the labials by suboculars. Body cylindrical ; scales. smooth, with apical pits, in 25 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed. throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. 140. sTENOPHIS. 83 1. Eteirodipsas colubrina. P Seba, Thes. i. pl. xix. fig. 7 (1784). P Coluber nepa, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 97 (1768). Dipsas colubrina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 278 (1837), and Abbild. p. 136, pl. xlv. figs. 21-26 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1146 (1853) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges. xii. 1881, p. 448. Eteirodipsas colubrina, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 39, pli. fig. 1 (1872); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Gies. xi. 1877, p. 16, 1878, p. 271, & 1879, p. 467. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep ; two.preoculars, upper largest and in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars; three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 83+2 or 3; eight or nine upper labials ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 176-202; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 44~—71,afew of which may be entire. Pale brown, yellowish, or greenish yellow above, with dark brown or black spots arranged quincuncially ; amore or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head behind the eye; uniform yellowish white beneath. Total length 860 millim. ; tail 120. Madagascar; Bourbon (?). a. @ (Se. 27; V.192; A.2; Madagascar. Prof. A. Newton [P.]. C. 62). b. Q (Se. 27; V.189; A.1; Madagascar. Rey. T. Ellis [P.]. .? C. P). c-d. : (Se. 29; V.200; A.1; Madagascar. J. Caldwell, Esq. [P.|. C. 59) & 9 (Sc. 25; V.184; A.2; C. 50). e. 6 (Sc. 29; V.194; A.2; Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron (C.]. C. 56). J. Her. Mee 27; V.195; A.2; Tamatave. M. Majastre [C.]. C. 68). g- 2 St. 27; V.192; A.2; E.Imerina. Rev. R. Baron (C.]. C. 51). . h-t. 3 (Se. 27; .V.195; A.2; Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]. C.51) & yg. (Sc. 27; V. 197; A. 2; C, 44). : ; k. Q skeleton. E. Imerina. ‘Rev. J. Wills [C.]. 140. STENOPHIS. Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1887). oe Heterurus (non Hodgs.), part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 588, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1168 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 103 (1863). Dipsadoboa, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 182 (1858). Maxillary teeth 13 or 14, equal, followed, after an interspace, by 40 COLUBRID, a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 to 25 rows, the scales of the middle row slightly, if at all, enlarged; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals single or paired. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar; Comoro Islands. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 or 19 rows; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals. A. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 187; subcaudals 67 pairs. 1. guentheri, p. 40. B. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 228-276. Posterior chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior, and in contact with each other; ventrals 229-248; subcaudals 107-122, all or greater part in pairs .. 2. gramiudiceps, p. 41. Posterior chin-shields larger than the anterior and in contact with each other ; ventrals 228; subcaudals 110, greater part in paivs 2... eee eee 3. inornatus, p. 42. Posterior chin-shields shorter than the anterior and separated by scales; ven- trals 255-276 ; subcaudals 93-116, all or greater part single .............. 4, gaimardii, p. 42. C. Scales in 19 rows;. ventrals 248; subcaudals 126, single. 5. maculatus, p. 43. II. Scales in 21 to 25 rows; internasals nearly as long as, or a little longer than, the preefrontals. A. Loreal separated from the eye by the preocular; subcaudals 152-159, single. Posterior chin-sbields large and in contact with each other; ventrals 225-236 .... 6. arctifasciatus, p. 43. Posterior chin-shields very small or absent ; subcaudals 251-265 ............ 006 7. variabilis, p. 43. B, Loreal entering the eye; ventrals 226 ; subcaudals 106 pairs. 8. betsileanus, p. 44. 1. Stenophis guentheri. (Pxarz IV. fig. 1.) Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals nearly as long as broad, much shorter than the pre- 140. sTENopHis, 41 frontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 2+ 3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as large as the anterior and in contact with each other anteriorly. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 187; anal divided ; subcaudals 67 pairs. Pale brown above, with squarish dark brown spots disposed quincuncially, those on the vertebral line much larger than the others; the first spot, on the occiput, produced forwards as a streak to the frontal; a rhomboidal dark brown spot on the snout; an irregular dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; yellowish white beneath, tail with some small brown spots. Total length 435 millim. ; tail 92. Madagascar. a. @ (V. 187; C. 67). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. 2. Stenophis granuliceps. Dipsas (Heterurus) gaimardi, var. granuliceps, Boettg. Abh. Sench. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 14, pl. i. fig. 3, & xii. 1881, p. 448. —— (Heterurus) gaimardi, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, c. 1891, p. 297. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals not or but slightly broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a _ half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided) in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 142 or 248; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 229-248; anal divided; subcaudals 107-122, all divided or afew (2 to 5) entire. Pale brown or yellowish above, with dark brown or black cross-bars, which may be narrower or broader than the interspaces; a L-shaped black marking on the occiput and nape; white beneath, tail with black spots. Total length 720 millim. ; tail 170. Madagascar. a. 3 (V. 233; C. 121). Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Mus. [E.]. b. g (V. 229; C. 122). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]. ec. @ (V. 242; C. 115). Madagascar. 42 COLUBRID. 3. Stenophis inornatus. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 228; anal divided; subcaudals 110, three of the anterior (third to fifth) single, rest divided. Pale brown above, with a series of rather indistinct, small darker spots along the spine; no other markings on the head and body ; lower parts brownish white. Total length 550 millim.; tail 145. Madagascar. a. 3 (V. 228; C. 110). Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. 4. Stenophis gaimardii. Dipsas gaimardii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 293 (1837), and Abbild. p. 135, pl. xlv. figs. 16-18 (1844). Heterurus gaimardii, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1173 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1871). Dipsas (Heterurus) gaimardii, var. comorensis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ae, 1878, p. 794. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep ; one preocular, in contact. with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars ; temporals 2-+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shield shorter than the anterior, and separated trom each other by scales. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 255-276; anal divided; subcaudals 93-116, all or greater part single. Pale brown above, with dark brown or black cross-bars, which are as broad as or narrower than the interspaces; a L-shaped black marking on the occiput and nape; white beneath, uniform or with brown spots. Total length 660 millim.; tail 135. Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. a-b. & (V.262; C. 105) Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.].. & yg. (V. 265; C. 93). 140. sTENoPHIS. 43 5. Stenophis maculatus. (Pxare IV. fig. 2.) Dipsadoboa maculata, Giinth. Cat. p. 183 (1858). Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; three post- oculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 243; anal entire; subcaudals 126, single. Yellowish, “ with small quadrangular black spots.” Total length 655 millim. ; tail 165. Habitat unknown. a. 3 (V. 243; C. 126). —-P (Type.) 6. Stenophis arctifasciatus. Heterurus arctifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1176 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 38, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1871). Dipsas (Heterurus) arctifasciatus, Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 34. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a little broader than long, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three post- oculars; temporals 1+1, 1+2, or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 225-236; anal divided; subcaudals 152-159, single. Pale orange or pale brown above, with numerous narrow blackish cross-bars; a black transverse spot on the nape; head without markings ; whitish beneath, tail spotted with blackish. Total length 800 millim.; tail 260. Madagascar. a. Q (Sc. 23; V. 286; C. 152). Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. 7. Stenophis variabilis. (Prats IV. fig. 3.) Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, which may be divided, not reaching the 44 COLUBRID. frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields very small or absent. Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 251- 265; anal entire; subcaudals 159, single. Greenish yellow or orange above, with small black spots or rather indistinct dark green cross-bars ; a series of larger blackish spots along the spine; head bright yellow, spotted or marbled with blackish; a large black nuchal spot; yellow beneath, tail (in the male) with black spots, Total length 1098 millim. ; tail (injured) 260. Madagascar. a-b. 3 (Se. 23; V. 251; C.?) Madagascar. & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 265; C. 159), 8. Stenophis betsileanus. (Prarz IV. fig. 4.) Dipsas betsileana, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) vi. 1880, p. 238. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, a little longer than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, entering the eye below the preocular, which is widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields shorter than the anterior, in contact with each other. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 226; anal divided; subcaudals 106 pairs. Black, with yellowish-white annuli, widening on the belly; some of the annuli interrupted and alternating on the back; upper labials and throat yellowish white; a yellowish-white bar across the snout. Total length 400 millim. ; tail 90. Madagascar. a. Yg. (V. 226; C. 106). 8.E. Betsileo, (Type.) 141. LYCODRYAS. Lycodryas, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) iii. 1879, p. 218. Maxillary teeth 12 or 13, anterior longest, followed, after a short interspace, by an enlarged, grooved fang; anterior palatine and mandibular teeth longest. Head very distinct from neck; eye rather large, with vertical pupil. Body much elongate, compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals angulate laterally. Tail long; anterior subcaudals single, rest divided. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Comoro Islands, 142. pyrnonopirsas. 45 1. Lycodryas sancti-johannis. (Pxars III. fig. 2.) Lgecis savcti-johannis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) iii. 1879, p. 218. Head much depressed, with broad, truncated snout. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal with concave sides, a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals; loreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; three postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+2 or 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 243-258 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 75, the 23 or 24 anterior single, Reddish yellow above, uniform or mottled with brown; some rather ill- defined dark cross-bars may be present on the neck; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted with blackish. Total length 770 millim. ; tail 150. Comoro Islands. a. & (V. 258; C.?). Johanna. C. ui Bewsher, Esq. [C.]. (Type. b o (V. 248 ; C. 75). Comoro Ids, Sir J. Kirk [C.}. 142. PYTHONODIPSAS. Pythonodipsas, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425, Maxillary teeth 13, third to sixth longest, followed, after a very short interspace, by a large, grooved fang; second to fifth mandi- bular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced between a nasal and a supranasal; parietals broken up into small shields. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or very obtusely keeled, with apical pits, in 21 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Tropical Africa. 1. Pythonodipsas carinata. Pythonodipsas carinata, Gtinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 426, pl. xix. fig. K; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 140. Snout broad, truncate, concave above ; rostral more than twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals considerably ' longer than broad, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as broad as the supraocular, nearly twice as long as broad, with concave sides ; one or two small shields between the prefrontals and the frontal ; several small loreals; one preocular, three or four suboculars, and three postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; nine upper labials; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, A6 COLUBRID. which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, smooth or very obtusely keeled. Ventrals 190-192; anal entire; subcaudals 54-55. Sand-coloured or pale buff, above, with a double alternating series of square grey spots, a few of which may coalesce to form transverse bars ; lips with vertical grey bars; lower parts white. Total length 590 millim.; tail 85. Zambesi; Damaraland. a. 3 (V.190; C. 54). Zambesi. J. Chapman, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 143. DITYPOPHIS. Ditypophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 462. Maxillary teeth 8 or 9, strongly increasing in length to the last but one, followed, after an interspace, by a large, grooved fang; second to fifth mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body short, cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 rows; Maxillary and mandible of Ditypophis vivax. ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Socotra. 1. Ditypophis vivax. Ditypophis vivax, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 462, pl. xl. Snout short, broad; rostral more than twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals a little longer than broad, longer than the prefrontals; frontal not broader than the supra- ocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril pierced in the upper part of an undivided nasal; loreal slightly longer than deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal ; a subocular below the przeocular; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3 or 4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 37. Reddish sandy above, with indistinct darker cloudy spots on the back ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; lower parts white. Total length 345 millim. ; tail 50. Socotra. a. 2 (V. 146; C. 387). Socotra, Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.]. (Type.) 144, TarporuHis. 47 144, TARBOPHIS. Telescopus (non Montf.), Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 182 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1054 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). - Tarbophis, Fleischm. Dalnt. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 17 (1881); Dum. & Bibr, t. ¢. p. 911; Jan, l. c. p. 99. Trigonophis, Eichw. Zool. Spec. Ross. Pol. iii. p. 174 (1881). Vee art., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837). Ailurophis, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. ii. (1837). Tachymenis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 33 (1858). Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, anterior longest, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly, and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical or slightly compressed; scales smooth, oblique, with apical pits, in 19 to 23 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Maxillary and mandible of Tarbophis fallax. South-eastern Europe, South-western Asia, Tropical and North- eastern Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Loreal entering, or nearly entering, the eye. A. Seales in 19 or 21 rows. Posterior chin-shields narrowly sepa- rated from each other in front; ventrals 174-190 ; anal divided.... 1. savignyi, p. 48. Posterior chin-shields widely separated ; : _ ventrals 186-222; anal divided.... 2. fallax, p. 48. Posterior chin-shields widely separated ;. ventrals 203-235; anal entire ..... 3. iberus, p. 49. B. Scales in 23 rows ; ventrals 268-280 ; anal entire. ; 4. rhinopoma, p. 50. 48 COLUBRIDZ, II. Loreal separated from the eye by the preocular. A. Scales in 19 rows; anal divided. , Two labials entering the eye ........ 5. variegatus, p. 51, Three labials entering the eye ...... 6. semiannulatus, p. 51 B. Scales in 19 or 21 rows; anal entire. 7. guenthert, p. 52. C. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; anal divided. 8. obtusus, p. 52. 1. Tarbophis savignyi. Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 2 (1829). Tachymenis vivax (non Fits.), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489. Tarbophis vivax, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-79, p. 67, and 1879-80, p. 33; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Tor. ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 15. —— vivax, f. syriaca, part., Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 166. Very closely allied to 7. fallax, but snout shorter and broader ; internasals broader than long; frontal not more than once and one third as long as broad; nasal entire or semidivided ; loreal once and a half to twice and a half as long as deep, usually entering . the eye; posterior chin-shields narrowly separated from each other in front. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-190; anal divided; subcaudals 45-57. Yellowish above, with a dorsal series of 23 to 28 dark brown or black spots on the body, these spots sometimes confluent with a lateral series of spots or vertical bars which usually alternate with the dorsal series; the first blotch largest, covering the nape and descending to the sides of the neck, which it may entirely encircle; head greyish above, dotted with black and with a - ¢ few small black spots; labials dark-edged ; belly black, or much spotted or marbled with dark brown or black. Total length 465 millim.; tail 65. Southern Syria, Lower Egypt. a. 2 (V.174; C.51). Jerusalem. Canon Tristram [C.]. b-c. g (V.187; C.?) & Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [C.]. yg. (V.178; C. 55). : d. Yg, (V. 190; C. 53). Lebanon. Canon Tristram [C.]. 2. Tarbophis fallax. Coluber vivax, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 57 (1826).—Nomen nudum. Tarbophis fallax, Fveischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 18, pl. i. (1831). Dipsas fallax, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 295, pl. xi. figs. 35 & 36 (1837), Ailurophis vivax, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Anf. (1837). Tarbophis vivax, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 918 (1854); Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 218, fig. (1875); Boetty. Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. xlix. 1877, p. 287 ; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc, Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 313; Boettg. Sitzd. Ak. Berl. 1888, p. 178; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn.u. Herzeg. ii. p. 687 (1894). i 4 ’ 4 144. rarpopuHis. 49 Tachymenis vivax, Giinth, Cat. p. 33 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) v. 1880, p. 436. Tarbophis vivax, part., Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 194 (1873). —— vivax, f. syriaca, ‘part., Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 166, Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals nearly as long as broad, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal divided or semidivided ; loreal twice and a half to thrice as long as deep, entering the eye below the preocular, which is in contact with the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 3+3 or 4; eight (rarely seven or nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small and widely separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 186-222; anal divided; subcaudals 48-73. Greyish above, with 40 to 57 brown or black spots or bars on the body; a lateral series of smaller spots or vertical bars, alternating with the dorsals; the first spot, on the nape, elongate, usually with one or three linear processes in front extending on the head ; usually a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; lower parts ? whitish, speckled, spotted, or marbled with grey or brown. Total length 850 millim.; tail 120. >From Illyria and Dalmatia to Greece, the Archipelago, Asia r, and Northern Syria. A. Scales in 19 rows. Zara, Dalmatia. Count M. Porc el Zara, Dalmatia, Dr. F, Werner [E Dalmatia. Lord Lilford [P.]. Dr. Forsyth Major [P.]. Sir C. Fellows [P.]. (V. 186; m. 9 skeleton. _ Lord Lilford [P.]. BY Scales in 21 rows. n. 2 (V.199; C. ?). Cyprus. Gen. Biddulph [P.]. 0. 9 (V.208; C. 66). Cyprus. a Kenyon, Esq. p-r. & (V. 199, 208; C. Cyprus. Hr. te Rolle (C.]. 66, 60) & 2 (V. 197 ; C. 60). 3. Tarbophis iberus. Trigonophis iberus, Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 175 (1831), and Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 101, pl. xviii. (1842). Coluber carneus, Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist Russ. Amph. p. 27 (1832).— Teste Strauch. VOL. It. E 50 COLUBRID. Dipsas fallax, Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Mér. iii, p. 843, Rept. pl. iv. fig. 2 (1840); Berth. in Wagn. Reise n. Kolchis, p. 384 (1850). . @ ; Tarbophis vivax, Jan, Icon. Gién. 38, pl. i. fig. 2 (1871) ; Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp-Geb. p. 72 (1886). vivax, part., Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 194 (1878). Agrees in most respects with T. fallax, but parietals shorter, slightly longer than the frontal, and anal entire. Nasal semi- divided ; fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth labials entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows (exceptionally 21). Ventrals 203-235 ; subcaudals 55-70. Grey above, with 35 blackish spots on the body, the anterior largest and darkest; a lateral series of smaller spots or vertical bars; lower parts blackish, with small whitish spots and dots. 'n Total length 650 millim. ; tail 100. ; Caucasus. a. 3 (8e.19; V. 213; Evlakh, Gov. Elizabethpol, C. 61). Transcaucasia, 4, Tarbophis rhinopoma. % ? Tarbophis sp., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338. se Dipsas rhinopoma, Blanf. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 34, + and Zool, E. Pers. p. 424, pl. xxviii. fig. 2 (1876) ; Boettg.in Radde, _, Faun. Flor. Casp.-Geb. p. 72 (1886). -# tebe rhinopoma, Bouleng. Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. ix. 180hf" - . p. 825. a Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internagalg.;- broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly. longer than broad, as long as its distance from the'end of the sngut, » a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal aay et twice to twice and a half as long as deep, entering’.the eye below the preocular, which is in contact with the frontal ;° two. -postoctilars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 3-48 or 4% tight’ to tén upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or ih and. fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or figedower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior Yhin-shields very small and widely separated from each other by scales. Scales in 23 (or 24) rows. Ventrals 268-280; anal entire; subcaudals 76-82. Pale sandy grey above, with a dorsal series of 65 to 85 brown square or transverse spots, larger than the interspaces between them, and an alternating series of smaller spots on each side; on the posterior part of the body the dorsal spots may split up into two alternating series ; head with small dark spots or specks; labials dark-edged ; throat white; ventrals dark brown. ; Total length 990 millim. ; tail 155. Persia, Sind. & (V. 268; C. 77), Karman, 8. Persia, W.T. Blanford, Esq. [E.]. 5000 ft. (One of the types.) b. Yg. (V. 280; C. 82). Sind. H, M. Phipson, fe [P.]}. 144, rarpopuHis, 51 5. Tarbophis variegatus. ape variegata, Reinh. Vidensk, Selsk, Skrift. x. 1848, p. 249, pl. i. gs. 15-17; F. Mill, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 689. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals nearly as long as broad, a little shorter than the parietals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided ; loreal longer than deep; one pra-* and two postoculars ; temporals small, 2+3; seven to nine upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other, or indistinct. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 209-226 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 62-67. Pale brownish above, with 26 to 30 rather irre- gular dark brown cross-bars, each enclosing a whitish vertebral spot ; head spotted or marbled with brown; the sutures between the upper labials dark brown; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish white, spotted with dark brown. Total length 590 millim.; tail 95. Guinea. a,b. & (V. 218; CO. 64) & W. Africa. 2 (V. 226; C. 62). 6. Tarbophis semiannulatus. Telescopus semiannulatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xxii. (1849); Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1058 (1854); Peters, Reise n, Mossamb. iii. p. 127 (1882). Leptodira semiannulata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 31; Bouleng. The Zool. 1887, p.179; Boettg. Ber, Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 162. Gistanhe pclae semiannulatus, Bocage, Herp. d’Angola, p. 122 (1895). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, usually shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal divided; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 206-242; anal divided; subcaudals 51-83. Yellowish or pale brown above, with 24 to 34 dark brown * In the specimens in the:Collection the preocular does not reach the frontal. , E 52 COLUBRID. or blackish transverse rhomboidal spots or cross-bars on the body ;: head without any spots or markings; yellowish white beneath. Total length 700 millim.; tail 120. Tropical Africa. a. @ (V. 230; C. 63). Zanzibar Coast. b. 2 (V. 224; C. 73). Mombasa. H. W. Lane, Esq. [C.].. c. 2 (V. 237; C. 66). Ugogo. Mr. Baxter [C.]. d. Q (V. 228; C. ?). Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. e. Q (V. 224; C. 64). Lake Nyassa. wis 1 M. Woodward J. Her. @ (V. 225; C. Lake Nyassa. Universities Mission. 58). g. & (V. 2243 ©, ?). Loanda. (Type of LZ. semi~ annulata.) ‘7, Tarbophis guentheri. ? Coluber dhara, Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 257 (1803). waa. obtusus (non Reuss), Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. i. fig. 4 neshophi guentheri, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 656, pl. xxxvi. g. 3. Agrees with 7. obtusus, except in having the scales in 19 or 21 rows and the anal entire. Nine or ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye. Ventrals 205-274; subcaudals 69-75. Total length 1045 millim.; tail 160. Arabia; East Africa. a. o (Sc.21; V.2385; Lahej, near Aden. Col. Yerbury } ait ; [P.]. b. 2 (Sc. 21; V.240; Sheikh Othman, Col. Yerbury tg P C.?). near Aden. [P.]. WT e-d. 6 (Se. 21; V. Hadramaut. Dr J Anderson ¢ LBs) 236; OC. ?) & her. Bel: (Sc. 21; V. 239; C. 72.) ef. & (Sc. 21; V. Muscat. A.S.G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.]. 264; C. 69) & 9 (Types.) (Se. 21; V. 274; ©. 75). g. é Se 19; V.205; Ngatana,E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.]. 8. Tarbophis obtusus. Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. pl. v. fig. 1 (1829). Goliber obtusa euve! Mee. Senek, 1 1884, 4. ig Dipsas egyptiacus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 274 (1837), and Abbild. 1. xlv. figs. 19 & 20 (1844). Telescopus obtusus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1056 (1854) ; Mocg. Mém. Cent. Soc. Philom. p. 133 (1888). Tarbophis obtusus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 15 ;. Anders. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 658. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- 145, rRimoRPHODON. 53 nasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, considerably shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or. a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided; loreal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as deep ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals small, scale-like, 24+ 2, 3, or 4; nine to eleven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; three to five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other, or indistinct. Scales in 23 (rarely 21) rows. Ventrals 213-272; anal divided; sub- caudals 65-82. Pale buff or sandy grey above, uniform or with ill- defined brown variegations or cross-bars ; lower parts white. Total length 1870 millim. ; tail 165, Egypt to Somaliland. a. & (V. 271; C. 75), Nile. Re, O, P. Cambridge b. 2 (V. 263; C. 75). Beltim. Dr. J J Anderson [P.]. e-d, Hgr. (V. 262; C, Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}, 77) & yg. (V. 257; C. 79). e. 2 (V. 272; C. 72). Tel el Amarna. Dr. J. Anderson pt A. Her. (V. 263 ; C. 81). Assouan. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. g- & skeleton, Egypt. 145. TRIMORPHODON. Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1133 (1854). Dipsadomorphus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 174 (1858). Trimorphodon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. Eteirodipsas, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, anterior much longer than the posterior, which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; loreal usually divided; usually a subocular below the preocular. Body compressed ; scales smooth, slightly oblique, with apical pits, in 21 to 27 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Lower California, Arizona, Mexico, Central America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Eight or nine upper labials. Scales in 25 (rarely 23 or 27) rows; ventrals 234-264; subcaudals 74-94; head with : chevron-shaped bands ......... ere 1. biscutatus, p. 54, ¢— Scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 205-236 ; subcaudals 61-72 1.1... .. cee e eens . 2. upsilon, p. 55. 54 COLUBRIDZ. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 236; subcaudals 70; head with a lyre-shaped pattern ; dorsal spots in pairs ............20 0005 3. lyrophanes, p. 56. II. Six or seven upper labials; scales in 23 rows. 4, tau, p. 56. 1. Trimorphodon biscutatus. Dipas biscutata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1153 (1854). Dipsadomorphus biscutatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 176 (1858). Trimorphodon biscutatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297, and: Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152; Dugés, La Naturaleza, vi. 1882, p. 145, fig.; Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii, 1886, p. 286; Gtinth. Biol. C-Amer., Rept. p. 174 (1895). Eteirodipsas biscutata, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863). ATidmpseden major, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xi. 1869, p. 153. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Amer. Rept. p. 16 (1888). Teeneae lambda, Cope, Proc. mer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 286. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measur- ing one fourth to one half its distance from the frontal; internasaly much shorter than the prefrontals, which are usually broader than long ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; two or three loreals, rarely one ; two (rarely one) preoculars, usually with. a subocular below ; the upper preocular in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3, 343, or 3+4; nine (rarely eight) upper labials, fourth and fifth (in one specimen third, fourth, and fifth, owing to the absence of subocular) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 28 to 27 rows, usually 25. Ventrals 234-264; anal divided; subcaudals 74-94. Pale greyish or brownish above, with dark, black-edged cross-bars or transverse markings with light centre; head with angular dark bands sepa- rated by a crescentic transverse light area between the eyes and a A- or A-shaped one on the occiput ; lower parts whitish, more or less mottled with brown, with large dark brown spots on the sides. Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 230. Mexico to Panama. a. a Jee 25; V. 251; Mazatlan. Hr. A. Forrer [C.], . 78 b-d, e-g. 3 (Se. 25, 25, Presidio. Hr, A. Forrer [C.]- 24; V. 250, 249, 248 ; C. 85, 84, 87), 2 (Se. 25; V. 255; C. 78), & yg. (Sc. 25, 23; V. 244, 237; C. 86, 86). A. Hgr. 2 (Se. 25; V. Oaxaca. M. Sallé [C.]. 253; ©. 74). 145. TRIMORPHODON. 55 a Neg 25; V. 251; Lanquin, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. C. 87). k. Her. 2 (Sc. 27; V. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 258; C. 81). 1.2 (Se. 27; V. 263; Nicaragua. C. 79). 8 RA 25; V.259; Panama. Capt. J. C. Dow [P.]. n. Her. 2 (Sc. 25; V. C. America, Haslar Collection. 256; 0.77). o, Skull. San Ramon, Mexico. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. 2. Trimorphodon upsilon. Trimorphodon upsilon, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, Fi aos} and xxili, 1886, p. 286; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p.175 (1895). Dipsas biscutata, var. latifascia, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 877. Eteirodipsas biscutata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 89, pl. i. fig. 8 (1872). Trimorphodon collaris, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p, 181, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 286. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 16 (1883). —— upsilon, Garm. 1. ¢. p. 184. ? Trimorphodon vilkinsonii, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 285. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals, which are nearly as long as broad; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; two or three loreals; two preoculars and a subocular; upper preocular in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 24-2, 2+3, or 8+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 205-236; anal divided; sub- caudals 61-72. Pale grey-brown above, with dark, black-edged cross-bars narrowing on the sides and descending to the ends of the yentrals; head dark brown above, pale greyish on the occiput, usually with a light cross-bar between the eyes; a V-shaped light marking sometimes present on the parietal shields, embracing the frontal; whitish beneath, more or less mottled with dark and with dark spots on the sides. In the young the dark bars are much wider, separated by narrow whitish interspaces, and they may form complete annuli. Total length 660 millim. ; tail 120. Mexico. a 3 (Sc. 23; V.217; La Cumbre de los Dr. A.C. Buller (C.]. C. 71). Arrastrados, Jalisco. b. 2 (Se. 21; V. 205; Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]. C. 61). 56 COLUBRID, e-d, Vg. (Sc.23,21;V. Ventanas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 923, 920; C. 70,72). e-f. Ye. (Se. 28, 23; V. S. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq, 236, 214; C. 72,72). (P.]. 3. Trimorphodon lyrophanes. Lycodon lyrophanes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 343. Trimorphodon lyrophanes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 16 (1888). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; preefrontals broader than long ; two loreals ; two preeoculars and a subocular, the upper preeocular not in contact with the frontal ; three postoculars ; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; anterior chin- shields the longer. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 236; anal divided ; subcaudals 70. Light grey above; snout crossed by an indistinct ashy band ; a lyre-shaped brown marking on the head; back with deep brown spots disposed in pairs; an irregular series of lateral spots and another extending on the ends of the ventral shields ; under surface whitish. Total length 710 millim.; tail 110. Lower California, Arizona. 4. Trimorphodon tau. Trimorphon tau, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152, and xxiii. 1886, p. 286, Snout projecting considerably beyond the mouth. Rostral some- what produced behind ; internasals about one fourth the size of the prefrontals, which are as long as wide; frontal as long as the parietals ; three loreals; two przoculars and a subocular; three postoculars ; temporals 243; six or seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 23 rows. Grey above, with black rhombs which extend to the ventral shields by their lateral angles; head black as far as the middle of the parietal shields, with two lateral ear-shaped prolongations on the latter; a pale L-shaped mark, the longitudinal limb on the snout, the transverse limb between the eyes. Total length 236 millim.; tail 35. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. 146. LYCOGNATHUS. meen part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1887). Lycognathus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1858, p. 495 and Erp, Gén. vii. p. 916 (1854). Siphlophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. Oxyrhopus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1868). Maxillary teeth 14 to 16, anterior much longer than the posterior, 146. LrcogwaTHus. 57 which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals strongly angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. 1. Lycognathus cervinus. Seba, Thes. i. pl. c. fig. 4 (1784), and ii, pl. xxxix. figs. 1 & 2, & Ixxix, fig. 8 (1735). Coronella cervina, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 88 (1768). Coluber cervinus, Gime. S. N. i. p. 1114 (1788). zeylonicus, part., Gmel. 1. c. p. 1106. —— audax, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 345, pl. lxxix. (1803). maximiliani, Merr. Tent. p. 105 (1820). Dipsas audax, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826). Lycodon audax, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 525; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 121, pl. iv. figs. 18 & 19 (1837). Lycognathus scolopax, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 919 (1854). —— geminatus, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 922. Oxyrhopus doliatus (non D. § B.), Giinth. Cat. p. 192 (1858). Siphlophis scolopax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. Oxyrhopus scolopax, Jan, Elenco, p. 92 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep; one pre- ocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+3,; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 205-255 ; anal entire; subcaudals 98-118. Yellowish above, variegated or irregularly spotted or barred with black; belly yellow, with black spots or irregular cross-bars. Total length 930 millim.; tail 230. Brazil, Bolivia, Guianas, Trinidad. a-b. 9 (V. 229, 234; Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. C. 98, 103). we. O(V. 245; C. 113). Larecaja, Bolivia. ad. 2(V. 238; C. 118). Yungas, Bolivia. e. gd, bad state (V. 242; Trinidad. H.M.S. ‘ Chanticleer.’ C. 116). i QV. ‘sss C. 105). —? College of Surgeons. g- & (V. 255; C. 114). —? A. Skull, Bahia. 58 COLUBRID. 2, Lycognathus rhombeatus. Oxyrhopus rhombeatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 288. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter~- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal once and two thirds to twice as long as deep; one praocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 228-230; anal entire; subcaudals 110-115. White, with large black blotches disposed in partly confluent pairs alternating on each side of the vertebral line on the greater part of the body; two black cross-bands on the neck and complete annuli on the posterior part of the body; head dotted with black; lower parts white, some of the black blotches extending on the ventrals, Total length 820 millim. ; tail 220. Brazil. a. & (V. 220; 0.115). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. 147. TRYPANURGOS. Boiga, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837). Trypanurgos, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 55 (1845). Lycognathus, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 916 (1854). Eudipsas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn, p. 168 (1858). Oxyrhopus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1863). Maxillary teeth 13 to 15, anterior much longer than the posterior, which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body compressed ; scales smooth, slightly oblique, with apical pits, in 19 rows, the vertebral row enlarged; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. 1. Trypanurgos compressus. Coluber compressus, Dand. Rept. vi. p. 247 (1803). leucocephalus, Mikan, Delect. Faun. Flor. Bras. pl. —. fig. 2 (1820). Boiga leucocephala, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). Dipsas compressus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 560. leucocephala, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 288 (1837). Dipsadomorphus compressus, Z'schudi, Faun. Per., Herp, p. 55 (1845). Lycognathus leucocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 924 (1854), 148. presapomoRPHUS. 59 Pine leucocephalus, Giinthk. Cat. p. 168 (1858). Oxyr. ae leucocephalus, Jan, Elenco, p. 92 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 35, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in éontact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 228-258; anal entire; subcaudals 110-125. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown cross- bars, which may be broken in the middle and alternate; head white ; neck blackish brown; uniform whitish beneath. Total length 1080 millim.; tail 250. Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia. a. 2 (V. 228; C. 116). Berbice. 6. Yg. (V. 248; C. 112). Berbice. Lady Essex [P.]. e-d. 3 (V. 245; C. 124) & her, Demerara Falls, (V. 248; C. 110). e. od (V. 247; C. 125). Para. . 9 (V. 258; C. 118), Brazil. Lord Stuart [P.]. g & (V. 237; O.?). Brazil. 148. DIPSADOMORPHUS. Hurria, part., Daud. Rept. v. p. 275 (1803). Boiga, part., Fitzing. N. Class, Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dipsas, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 548; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 169 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 103 (1863) ; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 307 (1864). Dipsadomorphus, Futzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 55 (1845). Opetiodon, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac, Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 905 (1854). Triglyphodon, Dum. & Bibr. Ul. ce. pp. 507, 1069. Toxicodryas, Hallow, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1857, p. 60. Dipsadomorphus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 174. Boiga, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264. Pappophis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 39. Dipsas, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 357 (1890). Liophallus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 427 (1895). Maxillary teeth 10 to 14, subequal in size, followed by two or three enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head very distinct from neck; eye moderate or large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal more or less deeply concave. Body. more or less compressed ; scales smooth, more or less oblique, with apical pits, in 17 to 31 rows, the vertebral row more or less enlarged; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa, Southern Asia, Papuasia, Australia. 60 COLUBRID. Skull of Dipsadomorphus cynodon. Synopsis of the Species. I, Anterior palatine teeth not or but feebly enlarged. A, Snout longer than the eye. 1. Preocular not extending to upper surface of head; scales in 17 to 21 rows; ventrals 202-250. Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged ; subcaudals 76-92...... 1. trigonatus, p. 62. Seales in 17 or 19 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged; subcaudals 80— 0 Gir cad tvs ge tes he eeele anes 2. multimaculatus, p. 63. Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged; subcaudals 87-94...... 3. gokool, p. 64. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged; subcaudals 94— LAO sce-ehcs she gees Sees Aes wala Bee 4, hewagonotus, p. 65. 2, Preocular extending to upper surface of head ; scales in 19 to 23 rows ; ventrals 209-272. a. Posterior chin-shields larger than the anterior; scales in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals 214-268, 148, prpsapomoRPHts. 61 Preocular usually in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; subcaudals 90-125 ......... .. 5. ceylonensis, p. 66. Preocular not reaching the frontal ; ; subcaudals 87-103 ............ 6. fuscus, p. 67. —— b. Posterior chin-shields not larger than the anterior. a. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 240-260; subcaudals 110-124 .......... 7. pulverulentus, p. 68. 8. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. * Subcaudals 89-110. Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged ; ventrals 231-248...... 8. multifasciatus, p. 69. Scales in 23 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged; ventrals 241.......... 9. dightonii, p. 69. Scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows, verte- brals more or less strongly enlarged; ventrals 209-239 .............. 10. dendrophilus, p. 70. ** Subcaudals 124-144; scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 237-252; subcaudals 124— S800 vics ee avers dew areas 11. cyaneus, p. 72. Ventrals 240-263 ; subcaudals 143— TAA i ckew ie tea ganes ee aww os 12. nigriceps, p. 72. B. Snout as long as the eye. 1. Scales in 21-rows ; ventrals 243-266 ; subcaudals 140-166. 13. jaspideus, p. 73. 2. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 220; subcaudals 99; three preoculars ...... 1. ee eee e ee ees 14, barnesii, p. 73. Ventrals 250-276; subcaudals 114— 163; posterior chin-shields not much smaller than the anterior .. 15. drapiezii, p. 74. Ventrals 254-258 ; subcaudals 126- 185; anterior chin-shields nearly thrice as large as the posterior.... 16. angulatus, p. 75. II, Anterior palatine teeth strongly enlarged. A. Posterior chin-shields larger than the anterior ; scales in 19- to 23 (rarely 25) rows. Scales in 19-23 rows; ventrals 217- 270; anal entire; subcaudals 103— 125; one preocular, extending to upper surface of head .......... 17. irregularis, p. 75. 62 COLUBRID, Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 260; anal entire; subcaudals 116; one pre- ocular, not extending to upper surface of head ........+.+++50: 18. flavescens, p. 77. Scales in 19 rows ; ventrals 240; anal divided ; subcaudals 133 ; two pree- oculars, extending’ to upper snrface OF Head: ic Seuven sows See Ae 19. philippinus, p. 77. Scales in 21-25 rows; ventrals 265- 274 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 123- 147; one or two preoculars, not extending to upper surface of head. 20. blandingii, p. 77. Scales in 23- 25 rows; ventrals 248— 290; anal entire ; subcaudals 114— 156; one preocular, extending to upper surface of head; rostral scarcely visible from above ...... 21. eynodon, p. 78. B. Posterior chin-shields not or but slightly larger than the anterior ; scales in 25 to 31 rows; ventrals 254-270; anal entire ; subcaudals 103-131.. 22. forstenii, p. 80. TanBLE sHowine NumBers oF ScALES AND SHIELDS. Se, Vv. A. C. Lab. | Pr. oc. | Pt. oc. EriGONAtUS «2.22.64. 21 | 209-238) 1 | 76-92 8 1 2 multimaculatus | 17-19 | 202-235) 1 | 80-106 8 1 2 GOK w.eeseeeves 21 |224-225| 1 | 87-94 8 1-2 2 hewagonotus ...... 19-21 | 218-250] 1 | 94-140 | 8-9 1 2 CEYLONENSIS. .....44+ 19-21 | 214-268] 1 | 90-125 | 8-9 1-2 2 FUSCUS....ecvesseeees 19-21 | 286-257] 1 | 87-103 | 8-9 2 pulverulentus ...) 19 | 240-260} 1 |110-124) 8-9 1-2 2-3 multifasciatus ...| 21 | 231-248) 1 | 96-109 8 1 2 dightonit ......04 23 241 1 95 8 1 2 dendrophilus ...... 21-23 | 209-239] 1 | 89-110 | 8-9 1 py CYAMCUS +0. essere 21 |287-252)} 1 |124-133| 8 1 2 NIGTICEPS se.seres 21 | 240-263] 1 |140-144| 8 1 2 jaspideus 0.0.4. 21 | 243-266] 1 |140-166| 8 1 2 BAY NESTE .oeceeeerees 19 220 1 99 8 3 2 drapteztit: ......6.. 19 |250-276] 1 |114-163| 8 1 2 ANGUIALUS .eevecees 19 | 254-258} 1 | 126-135) 8 1 2 drregularis......... 19-23 | 217-270} 1 | 103-125)'8-10 1 2 SlQVESCENS wo .seeeee 19 260 1 116 8 1 3 philippinus vs... 19 240 2 133 8 2 2 blandingti.......4. 21-25 | 265-274] 2 | 123-147] 8-9 1-2 2-3 CYNOKON ...eecsceene 23-25 | 248-290] 1 | 114-156] 8-10 1 2 SOrstENGI..eeeceeee 25-31 | 254-270] 1 | 108-131] 8-11 1 2-3 1. Dipsadomorphus trigonatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xv. (1796). Ce ane Schneid. in Bechst, Uebers, Lacép. iv. Pe 166 148, prpsapomoRPHUs. 63 Coluber sagittatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 526 (1802). —— catenularis, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 258, pl. Ixxv. fig. 2 (1803). Dipsas trigonata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. . 267, pl. xi. figs. 6 & 7 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1136 tias4y’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855, p. 294; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 312 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. $3, pl. iii. fig, 2 (1871) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 196 (1876) ; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 181; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 388 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 358 (1890), and Proc, Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633. Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 175 (1858). Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 209-238; anal entire; subcaudals 76-92. Yellowish olive or pale grey above, with a white black-edged zigzag band along the back, or with a dorsal series of white, black-edged spots; head with two brown bands edged with black, diverging posteriorly ; belly white, with or without a series of small brown spots along each side. Total length 970 millim.; tail 175. Transcaspia, Baluchistan, India. a. 3 (V. 225; 0.84). Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt [C.}. caspia. b. Her. (V. 230; C, 92). Gwadar, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. P. ois ce. 2 (V. 229; C. 84). Kurrachee. vf Leith [P.]. d. 2 (V.223; C. 83). Kamaon, Himalayas, Meo G Schlagint- weit [C.]. e. 9-(V. 285; C. a Bengal. Gen Hird icke [P.]. SF @ CV. 225; C. 80). Vizagapatam. Dr. P. Russell, g. 2 (V. 281; C. 83). Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. h,t, k. 9 (V. 230; C.79), Madras. J. Boileau, Esq. [P.i. hgr. (V. 209; C. 85), & yg. (V. 224; C. 79). l,m. & (V. 235; C.90) Anamallays. Col, Beddome [C.]. & Q (V. 282; C. 76). n. Skeleton. India. o. Skull. Pondichery. 2. Dipsadomorphus multimaculatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxiii. (1801). Dipsas multimaculata, Bote, Iss, 1827, p. 549; Schley. Phys. Serp. Ii. p. 265, pl..xi, figs. 4 & 5 (1837), and Abbild. pl. xlv. figs, 13-15 64 COLUBRID. (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 76 (1847); Dum. § Bibr, vii p. 1189 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 169 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 811 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1871); Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 194 (1876); Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 124; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 360 (1890). Boiga multimaculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. MRostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, not extendiug to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+83 (rarely 1+2); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 (rarely 17) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 202-235; anal entire; subcaudals 80-106. Grey-brown above, with two alternating series of roundish dark brown spots and two other series of smaller spots lower down on the sides ; two blackish bands on the head, diverging posteriorly; a blackish streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; lower parts whitish, marbled or spotted with brown, and with a series of brown spots along each side. Total length 750 millim.; tail 165. Southern China, Indo-China, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Celebes. a Q (V. 208; C. 80). Hong Kong. J. Orne) Esq. b. g (V. 225; C.100). Moulmein. R, C. Beavan, Esq. [P.}. ce. & (V. 220; O. 90). Toungyi, Shan States. E. W. Oates, Esq. P 1 d-e. & (V. 227; C. 94) Fort Steadman, Shan E. Wi Oates, Esq. P & @ (V. 220; C. 81). States, 3000 ft. [P.]. f. 36 (Se. 17; V. 225; Pachebon. M. Mouhot [C.]. C. 98). g. &’(V. 233; C. 106). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. h. 3 (V. 203; C. 84). Java. Leyden Mus, a. & (V. 211; C. 84). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. k. Q (V. 204; C. 88). Willis Mts. Kediri, Barony. Hugvel[ 0}. Jaya, 5000 ft. 3. Dipsadomorphus gokool. Dipsas gokool, Gray, I. Ind. Zool. ii, pl. xxxiii. fig, 1 (1884); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 313 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 197 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 360 (1890). —— cynodon, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 77 (1847). Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, var. A, Giinth. Cat. p. 175 (1858). 148. DIPsADOMORPHUS. 65 -Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one or two preoculars, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 21 rows, the vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 224-225; anal entire; subcaudals 87-94. Yellowish brown above; head with an arrow-shaped brown, black-edged marking, longitudinally bisected; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a yellowish vertebral streak; a series of erect Y-shaped markings on each side of the back; lower parts yellowish, with a series of brown spots along each side. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 170. Bengal, Assam, Pinang. a. Q@ (V. 224; C. 94). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke[P.]. (Type.) &. Q (V. 225; C. 87). Pinang. Dr. Cantor [C.]. 4. Dipsadomorphus hexagonotus. Dipsas hexagonotus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1856, p. 360; Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 198, pl. xi. fg 4, and xl. 1871, p. 489; Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 195 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 361 (1890). ochracea, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425; Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 53, and 1. c. p. 196. , —— hexagonata, part., Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 185. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior ; anterior mandibular teeth considerably enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prafrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, considerably shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 218-250; anal entire ; subcaudals 94-140. Dusky grey, reddish, or ochraceous above, uniform or with ill-defined blackish transverse lines ; a more or less distinct dark streak from eye to gape; lower parts yellow, uniform, or clouded with pale brownish in the young. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 200. Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Burma, Andamans. VOL. In. F 66 COLUBRID. a,b. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 238, Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. 241; ©. 107, 109). (P.1. ce. fo (Se. 21; V. 233; C. Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 109). [P.). a-f. 3 (Sc. 19; V. 227, Bhamo, Upper Burma. M. L. Fea [C.]. 228 ; C.94,104) & yg. (Se. 19; V. 228; é 102). g-h. z (Se. 19; V.242; Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. C.101) & 2 (Se. 19; [C.}. V. 238; C. 96). (Types of D. ochracea.) ak. Yg. (Sc. 21; V. 232, Burma. Col. Beddome [C.]. 218; C. 109, 118). 5. Dipsadomorphus ceylonensis. Dipsadomorphus ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. p.176 (1858). Dipsas ceylonensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 314, pl. xxiii. fig. B (1864) ; F. Miill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 275; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p.359 (1890); W. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 243. —— hexagonata, part., Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 185. —— nuchalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1875, p. 283. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one or two preoculars, reaching the upper surface of the head, often in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals small, 2 or 3+43 or 4; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebral row much enlarged. Ventrals 214-268; anal entire; subcaudals 90- 125. Pale brown or greyish above, with a series of dark brown or blackish transverse spots or bands; nape with a dark blotch or three dark longitudinal streaks, or a transverse bar; a more or less distinct dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, dotted with brown, usually with a lateral series of brown spots. Total length 1320 millim. ; tail 250. Ceylon ; hills of the West Coast of India. a, b-d. $ (Sc. 19; V. 235; Ceylon. > C. 107), her. (Se. 19; V. 229, 231; C. 110°), & yg. (Sc. 19; V. 232; C. 104). (Types.) e 2 (Se. 19; V. 219; Ceylon. A. Paul, Esq. C. 101). P.). F-9g. Hgr. § (Se. 19; V. 257, Ceylon. R. Templeton, 222; C. 126, 99). Esq. [P.]. 148. DrpsapomoRPHus. 67 h-i.Hgr. 5 (Sc. 19; V. 226; Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart. C, 103) & yg. (Sc. 19; V. 220; C. 101). k-m. Yg. (Sc. 19; V. 262, Trincomalee, Major Barrett [P.]. 958, 266; C. 125, 113, Ceylon. 120). -n. Agr. ¢ (Se. 19; V. 253; Ceylon. C. 122). o. Her. § (Se 19; V. 234; Anamallays, Col. Beddome [C.]. . 105). p. & (Sc.19; V. 229; C. North slope of Col. Beddome [C.]. 100). Nilgherries, 4000 ft. « q: oe (Se. 21; V. 248; ©. Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.]. rv. & (Se, 21; V. 242, Forests of W. Col. Beddome [C.]. 243; C. 100, 104), @ Coast of India. (Types of D. nuchalis.) (Sc. 21; V. 234; 0. 94), & yg. (Se. 21; V. 234, 249 ; C. 102, 101). w. ae 2 (Se. 19; V.214; Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. . 98). -y. Hgr. 9 (Se. 19; V. Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. “Bas £6. 117) & ye. (Se. : ss Pe] 19; V. 235; C. 111). 6. Dipsadomorphus fuscus. Dendrophis fusca, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 54 (1842). Dipsas fusca, Giinth. Cat. p. 171 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 26, pl. v. fig. 7 (1869) ; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 395 ; Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 118 (1894). —— boydii, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ix. 1884, p. 548, Anterior palatine teeth feebly enlarged; anterior mandibular ‘teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or broader than long, as long as or shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one prawocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142, 242, or 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 (rarely 21) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 236-257; anal entire ; subcaudals 87-103. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, with more or less distinct, more or less regular dark brown or black ross-bands ; uniform yellowish or salmon-pink below. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 290. Northern and Eastern Australia. a. & (Sce.19; V. 251; C. 98). Port Essington. _ (Type) ‘bc, 9 (Sc.19; V. 254,250; Port Essington. ‘Lord Derby [P.}, C. 103, 97). : FR € 68 COLUBRID. d,e. 3 (8c.19; V.248; Port Essington. Haslar Collection. 0.94) & 2 (Se. 19; V. 252; 0.99). ates f.@ (Sc. 19; V.257; Daly R. N. Aus Christiania Museum. C, 93). tralia. g-h. g(Se.19; V.246; Herbert R, N. J. A. Boyd, Esq. (P.]- C.96) & 2 (Se. 21; Queensland. V. 248; C92). t. & (Sc. 21; V. 253; Sydney. Mrs. Levey [P.]. C. 103). k, & (Sc. 19; V. 239; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. C. 90). l. Yg. (Se. 19; V. 247; Australia. Sir J. Richardson [P.1.. C. 102). 7. Dipsadomorphus pulverulentus. Dipsas pulverulenta, Fisch. Abh. Nat. Ver, Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 81,. pl. ii. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. p. 173 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1871); F. Mull. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 688; Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 186; Boettg. Ber.. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 75. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one procular (rarely divided), widely separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2+2 (rarely 243); eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as or a little larger that the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row more or less enlarged. Ventrals 240-260; anal entire; subcaudals 110-124. Buffor pale brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct dark brown cross-bars ; young with a series of brown rhombs on each side, each enclosing a light ocellar spot; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish, powdered with brown, with two longitudinal dark brown. lines. Total length 850 millim.; tail 185. West Africa, from the Coast of Guinea to Angola. a. & (V. 253; C. 118). Sierra Leone. b Ss (V. 260; C. 117). Niger. Dr. J. W. Crosse P.). c-d. Ye. (V. 259, 240; Old Calabar. wi on Esq. C.115, 110). Pi. e. Yg. (V. 250; C. 118). Fernando Po, Sir A. Smith [P.]. St. & (V. 250; C. ?). W, Africa, J. ©. Salmon, Esq. P.). g. & CV. 254; C. 110). - W. Africa, sit n Smith [P.]}- 148. prpsADoMORPHUS. 69 8. Dipsadomorphus multifasciatus. Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, var. B, Giinth. Cat. p. 175 (1858). Dipsas multifasciata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1861, p.114; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 313 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxix. 1870, p. 199, pl. xi. fig. 6, and xl. 1871, p. 440; W. Sclater, Journ, As, Soc. Beng, 1x. 1891, p. 243. — ceylonensis (non Giinth.), Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 196 (1876). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Rostral ‘broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep, . sometimes entering the eye below the preocular, which is widely separated from the frontal, but reaches the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five to seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as long as the anterior, separated from each other by scales, Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 231- 248; anal entire; subcaudals 96-109. Greyish above, with oblique black cross-bars ; a more or less distinct series of whitish spots along the vertebral line; a pair of black streaks on the head, from the prefrontals to the occiput, a black streak from the eye to the commissure of the jaws, and another along the nape; upper labials black-edged ; lower parts spotted or checkered with dark brown or black. Total length 875 millim. ; tail 180. Himalayas. a,b. 3 (V. 245; C. 102) & India. Q (V. 240; O. 102). 9. Dipsadomorphus dightonii. a dightoni, Bouleng. Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc, viii. 1894, p. 528, pl. —. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as ‘broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 241; anal entire; sub- eaudals 95. Pale reddish-brown above, without any dark markings; a series of salmon-red blotches along the back; head pale brown, 70 COLUBRID &. with minute blackish dots; lower parts yellowish, finely dotted: with brown ; the outer ends of the ventrals salmon-pink. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 220. Travancore. a. 9 (V.241; 0.95). Peermad, 3300 feet. 8. Dighton, Esq. [C.];. H.S. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 10. Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxi. fig. 1 (1735). A Coluber peruvianus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 483, pl. exxii. (1802). Dipsas dendrophila, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 549; Wagl. Icon. Amph.. pl. viii. (1828) ; Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 263, pl. xi. figs. 1-3. (1837), and Abbild. p. 133, pl. xlv. figs. 1-9 (1844); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 76 (1847); Motley § Dillwyn, Contr. Nat. Hist, Lab. p. 47 (1855); Giinth. Cat. p. 169 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 310 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1871). Triglyphodon dendrophilum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1086 (1854). gemmicinctum, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1091. Boiga dendrophila, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264. Dipsas uelrihelen) gemmicincta, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861,, p. 688. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior; ante- rior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, as long as or shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep (in one specimen, E. a, much longer than deep and entering the eye below the preocular); one praocular,. extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 24+2 or 2+3; eight (excep-- tionally nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-— shields, which are as large as or a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows, vertebral row more or less strongly enlarged. Ventrals 209-239; anal entire; subcaudals 89-110.. Coloration very variable. Total length 1900 millim.; tail 370. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Black above, with 40 to 46 narrow yellow cross-bars which are’. mostly continuous across the back; upper labials yellow, black-edged ; ventrals in the anterior third of the body yellow, spotted with black, further back black, uniform or spotted or speckled with yellow. (D. dendrophila, Boie.) a,b,c. 3 (V. 220, 220; C.?, Java. Lidth de Jeude Col- 98) & & (V. 226; C. 98). lection. d. & (V. 216; C.?). Java, Zoological Society.. 148. pIPsapoMoRPHUs. val B. Black above and below, sides of body with 23 to 36 yellow vertical bars which do not extend across the back; throat and labial shields yellow, the latter black-edged. (Var. melanotus, Blkr.) a. 2 (V. 224; ©. 100). Kedah. 8. 8. Flower, Esq. [P.]. b. & (V. 218; C. 97). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. ce. 2 (V. 225; C.?). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. d, a (Se. 23; V. 218; Singapore P Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. . 89) e. Her. (Sc. 23; V. 202; Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. C. 93). (Triglyphodon melanotus, Blkr.) J. @ (V. 222; 0. 103). W. coast of Mrs, Findlay (P.]. Sumatra. g. Skull. —? C. Black above and below, with 47 yellow cross-bars on the body ‘which are mostly continuous across the back; throat and labial shields yellow, the latter black-edged. (Var. annectens.) a. Q (V. 282; C. 104). Borneo. Sir H. Low [P.]. D. Like the preceding, but cross-bars more numerous, 60 to 64 on the body. (Var. regularis.) a. Q (V. 235; C. 110). Borneo. Mr. Stokes [C.]. b 3 (V. 218; C.?) Borneo. Mr. Wright (C.]. c-d. Her. (V. 289, 238 ; Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. ©. 108, 108). E. Like the preceding, but cross-bars more numerous, 70 to 80 on the body. (Var. multicinctus.) a-b. 5 (V. 224; C. 110) Puerta Princesa, A, Everett, Esq. [C.]. & yg. (V. 223 ; C. 107). Palawan. ce. 2 (V.226; C. 75). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. d. 3 (V.227; C0. 94). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. F. Black above and below, body with 70 to 90 cross-bands of round yellow spots; belly with round yellow spots, which are not connected with the cross-bands; labials blackish, or with very broad black edges. (Var. gemmicinctus, D. & B.) a. Q (V. 281; C. 105). Celebes. Leyden Museum. G. Body with 37 to 47 broad greenish-white bands alternating with black ones, the light scales all edged with black ; labials and yentrals yellowish white, black-edged ; the black bands form complete rings on the hinder part of the body and on the tail. (Var. latifasciatus.) a. & (V. 216; C. 101). Zamboanga, Min- A. Everett, Esq.[C.]. danao. be. o (V. 222,218; 0.99, Butuan, Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 98). 72 COLUBRID. 11. Dipsadomorphus cyaneus. Triglyphodon cyaneum,; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1079 (1854). et nigromarginata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855 . 294, me cyanea, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. p. 361 (1890); W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 244. —— bubalina, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 311, pl. xxiv. fig. EH (1864); Stolicska, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, xl. 1871, p. 441; Theod. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 197 (1876). Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior ; anterior mandibular teeth considerably larger than the posterior. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals broader than long, a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one preocular, ex- tending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3 or 3+3; eight upper _labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row rather strongly enlarged. Ventrals 237-252; anal entire; subcaudals 124-133. Adult uniform green above, the skin between the scales black, uni- form greenish yellow beneath. Young olive, with black cross-bars and a black streak behind the eye; belly variegated brown and white. Total length 1360 millim. ; tail 340. Assam, Cachar, Sikkim, Tenasserim. a. & (V. 242; CO, 129). P Dr. Giinther [P.]. b. Yg. (V. 287; C.?). Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 12. Dipsadomorphus nigriceps. (Pxatx III. fig. 3.) Dipsas nigriceps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 859. — hoffmanseggii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 27. — flavescens, var., Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 2 (1871). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long. shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or longer than deep ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals very vari- able, 1+2 or 2+3 or 83+8; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are considerably shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 240-263 ; anal entire; subcaudals 140-144. Reddish or greyish brown above, uniform or irregularly mottled with darker; head uniform blackish above ; upper lip white; lower parts white or greyish, faintly dotted with darker. 148, DIPsADOMORPHUS. 73 Total length 1650 millim. ; tail 410. Borneo, Java. a. Q (V. 250; C. 144). Bongon, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. P b. 3 (V. 263; C.?). Zoological Society. (Type.) e. 3 (V. 262; C. 143). —? College of Surgeons. 13. Dipsadomorphus jaspideus. Dipsas cynodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 269 (1837). Triglyphodon jaspideum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1093 (1854). Dipsas fusca (non Gray), Motley § Dillwyn, Contr. Nat. Hist. Lab. p. 48, pl. — (1855). —— hoops, Giinth. Cat. p. 170 (1858), and Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 309, pl. a fig. G (1864); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, —— jaspidea, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Eye as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal about once and one third as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals.2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior, separated from each other by scales. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 243- 266; anal entire; subcaudals 140-166. Light brown above, mottled and speckled with black or dark brown, and with more or less distinct blackish cross-bars interrupted on the vertebral line ; a series of large whitish spots on each side, partly on the ventrals : all the head-shields spotted with black, the larger spots light- edged; a black, light-edged longitudinal streak on the occiput ; yellowish beneath, speckled with brown. Total length 1400 millim.; tail 370. Java, Borneo, Pinang. a. & (V. 266; C. 156). Java? Zoological Society. b. @ (V. 243; OC. 140). Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. (Type of D. fusca.) c,d. 3 (V. 248; C. 166) Bengal (??). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. & 2 (V. 264; C, 157). (Types of D. boops.) 14. Dipsadomorphus barnesii. Dipsas barnesii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 506, pl. xl. fig. 2; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 359 (1890). Anterior palatine teeth not enlarged ; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Eye as long as the snout. Rostral as deep as 74 COLUBRIDZ. broad, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; three preoculars, the upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 14+8 or 2+8; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, scarcely oblique, vertebrals very feebly enlarged. Ventrals 220 ; anal entire; subcandals 99. Grey-brown above, with lighter black-edged transverse spots; a series of black spots along each side, near the ventrals; a blackish band behind the eye; labial sutures blackish; lower parts whitish, powdered with brown. Total length 550 millim.; tail 130. Ceylon. a. & (V. 220; C. 99). Ceylon. B. H. Barnes, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 15. Dipsadomorphus drapiezii. Dipsas drapiezii, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 270, pl. xi. figs. 8 & 9 (1837), and Abbild. p. 48, pl. xv. (1840) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 171 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 53; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 275. Triglyphodon drapiezii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1097 (1854). Dipsas drapiezii, var. bancana, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 26. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Eye as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal small or absent ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242, 243, or 343; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 250-276; anal entire; subcaudals 114-163. Pale brown above with dark transverse spots, or brown with yellowish or reddish, dark-edged pale transverse bands each of which ends in a white spot on the side of the belly; brownish white below, uniform or speckled with brown, with two more or less distinct brown longitudinal lines. Total length 1300 millim. ; tail 350. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a. Yg.(V. 270; C. 147). Malacca. D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. [P.]. b. @ (V. 272; ©. 158). Singapore. c. 2 (V. 259; C.?). E. Coast of Sumatra. Mrs, Findlay [P.]. . 148. presapoMoRPHUS. 75 e. 9 (V. 267; C.186) Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. & yg. (V. 250; 0.151). 2 (V. 276; C.170). Sandakan, N. Borneo. cite Cator, Esq. P.). 3 (V. 264; C145). Java. In the var. bancana, Peters, which is stated to resemble closely the Dipsas indica of Laurenti (D. bucephala, Shaw), the loreal is well developed, the preocular is divided, and the dark lines along the belly are absent. a, t. g. 16. Dipsadomorphus angulatus. - clark A aaa a angulata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 688. —— (Eudipsas) guiraonis, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 75, pl. iii. fige9-10 (1807), ‘ le Closely allied to D. drapiezit. Frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal well developed, as long as deep; preocular nearly reaching the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 242 or 248; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields nearly thrice as large as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 254-258; anal entire; subcaudals 126-135. Greyish or yellowish brown above, with dark brown spots and dots and with dark cross-bars which widen on the sides and extend across the belly, but are interrupted on the vertebral line; large whitish spots on the sides, extending on the ventrals, between the dark bars. Total length 1015 millim.; tail 240. Leyte, Philippine Islands. 17. Dipsadomorphus irregularis. Merrem, Beitr. ii. p. 28, pl. iv. (1790). Coluber irregularis, Merr, in Bechst. Uebers. Lacép. iv. p. 239, pl. xxxvii. fig. 1 (1802). Hurria hci Daud. Rept. v. p. 277, pls. lix. figs. 8 & 9, & lavi. figs. 1 & 3 (1803). Boiga irregularis, Fitziny. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). Dipsas irregularis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 549; Schieg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 271, pl. xi. figs. 12 & 18 (1837); Giinth. Cat. p. 172 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. ,Gen. 37, pl. i. (1870); Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 894; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 153. Triglyphodon irregularis, Dum. $ Bibr. vii. p. 1072 (1854). Dipsas pallida, Jan, Elenco, p. 103 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 1 (1871). Eepeaeue laticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 39. —— flavigastra, Macleay, 1. c. p. 40. Dipsas aruanus, Ginth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xi. 1883, p. 137. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals 76 COLUBRIDE, broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2 or 3+3 or 4; nine (rarely eight or ten) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 to 23 rows, vertebral row moderately or strongly ‘enlarged. Ventrals 217-270; anal entire; subcaudals 103-125 (some of which may be single). Coloration very variable. Yellowish, greyish, brown, or olive above, uniform or with more or less distinct darker cross- bands or spots disposed quincuncially; upper labials yellowish, usually dark-edged; a more or less distinct dark streak usually present on each side of the head, behind the eye; belly yellowish, uniform or more or less profusely spotted or speckled with brown, olive, or black ; subcaudals more or less spotted or speckled, some- times entirely black. Total length 2150 millim. ; tail 450. Celebes, Moluccas, Papuasia, Solomon Islands. A. Scales in 23 rows. a. 3 (V. 59; C111). b. Yg. (V. 253; C. 123). ce. & (V. 265; C. 117). d-e,f.3 (V. 263; C. 104) € RY & 2 (V. 260, 261; C.?, 109). g & (WV. 254; CO. 110). h. & (V. 258; C. ?). a. Her. (V. 240; C, 104). kK S (V. 245; C0. ?). Celebes. Gorontalo, Celebes. Amboyna. Ceram. Mysol. Wokau, Aru Ids. Trobriand Ids. Normanby, Louisiade Archipelago, B. Scales in 21 rows. a-b. § (V. 267; C. 121) & her. (V. 259; C.119). e-d. 3 (V. 268; C.118) & yg. (V. 266; C. 125), e. @ (V, 248; C. 108). J & (V. 249; C. 113). gh, v 2 (V. 250, 259, 259; C.?, 106, 115). hk. 2 (V. 258; C. 115). 1. Q (V.270; C. 109). m-n. 9 (V. 244; C.109) & hgr.(V. 250; ©. 108). o. & (V. 257; C.?). N. Celebes. Manado, Celebes. Sangir Id. (?). N.W. New Guinea. New Guinea. New Guinea, S. of Huon Gulf, Fly River. Kei Ids. Murray Id., Torres Straits. Leyden Museum. Hr. Riedel (C.]. Leyden Museum. H.MLS. ‘Challenger.’ (Type of D. aruanus.) Mr. A. S. Meek (eh B. H. Thomson, Esq, [P.}. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. M. A. Linden (C'}. Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. Capt. Langen [P.]. Rev. 8S. Macfarlane [C.}. . 3b (V. 266, 269; ete >) wie. nr. & (V. 257; 0.2). s-t. d (V. 258; ©. 112) & her. (V. 256; 0.117). u-v. 9 (V. 232; C.110) & yg. (V.217; C. 111), w. Ve. ‘Sit (V. 288; C. 114). ama. b (V. 236, 242, 242; C. 115, ?, 103) & (V. 241; ©. ?). p-0. Her. (V. 283, 284; C. 169, 112) & yg. (V. 229; C. 112). eo (V. 289; C.?). a. 2 (V. 263; C. 112). b, Her. (V. 244; C, 108). 148. prpsapomoRPuts. Cornwallis Id., Torres Straits. Fergusson Id., D’Entre- casteaux Group. Duke of York Id. Treasury Id., Solomon Ids. Alu, Shortland Ids., Solomon Ids. New Georgia, Solomon Ids. Gela, Solomon Ids. Guadalcanar, Solomon Ids. ; C. Scales in 19 rows. Ternate. Gilolo. 77 Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. Mr, A. 8S. Meek [C.}. Rev. G. Brown [C.]. H. a Guppy, Esq. C. Ae oodford, Esq. C.M.N oodford, Esq. [C.}. C, M. Woodford, Esq. [C.]. C. toy oor Esq. HLMLS. ‘ Challenger.” Dr. Platen (C.]. 18. Dipsadomorphus flavescens. Triglyphodon flavescens, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1080 (1854). Dipsas flavescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863). Closely allied to D. wrregularis, but preocular not extending to the upper surface of the head, and three postoculars. Scales in 19 rows. labials. Eight upper Ventrals 260; anal entire; sub- caudals 116. Yellowish brown above, with mere traces of darker cross-bands ; uniform yellowish beneath. Total length 1121 millim. ; tail 234. Macassar, Celebes. 19. Dipsadomorphus philippinus. Dipsas philippina, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 27. Like D. irregularis, but preocular divided. Kight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, verte- brals strongly enlarged. Ventrals 240; anal divided; subcaudals 133. Brownish yellow above, with black cross-lines; head spotted with black above, but without temporal streak. Total length 690 millim.; tail 155. Luzon, Philippine Islands. 20. Dipsadomorphus blandingii. Dipsas blandingii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1844, p, 170, & 1854, p- 100; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x, 1859, pp. 209 & 211; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p. 74. Triglyphodon fuscum, Dum. &. Bibr. vii. p. 1101 (1854); Moeg. Bull, Soe. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 80. 78 COLUBRID.E. Be fasciata, Fisch. Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 84, pl. iii. g. 5; Ginth. Cat. p. 173 (1858). —— valida, Fisch. 1. c. p. 87, fig. 4; Giinth. 1. e. p. 172. globiceps, Fisch. U. c. p. 89, fig. 6; Giinth. lc. p. 1738; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 687. Toxicodryas blandingii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 60. Dipsas fischeri, Jan, in A. Dum. i.e. p. 212. Boiga blandingii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264. globiceps, Cope, 2. c. Dipsas fusca, Jan, Elenco, P 104 (1863). cynodon, part., Jan, l.c., and Icon. Gén. 38, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1871). regalis (Schleg.), Jan, Icon. l.c.; F. Miill. lc. p. 687. P Dipsas globiceps, var. tumboensis, F. Miiil. 1. c. p. 688. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep; two (rarely one) pre- oculars, widely separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) post- oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+38; nine (rarely eight) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely in 21 or 25) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 265-274; anal divided; subcaudals 123-147. Yellowish to dark olive above, with more or less distinct dark brown or black cross-bars, which may be interrupted on the vertebral line; some specimens nearly uniform black; black bars on the posterior border of the upper labials, the one on the penultimate labials extending on the temple to the eye; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish to dark olive, with or without a darker edge. Total length 2200 millim. ; tail 500. West Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo; Zanzibar. a-b,c. 3 (V. 267, 265; Sierra Leone. C. 133, 125) & yg. (V. 265; C. 136). d. Q (V. 264; C. 125). Fantee. Leyden Museum. e & (V. 271; C.130). Coast of Guinea. f. & (V. 274; C.?). Oil River. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. g-h. 2 (V.268; C.126) Gaboon. & her. (Se. 21; V. 266; CO. 185). 2 (V. 266; C.123). W. Africa. . Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 273; Zanzibar. 124), 21. Dipsadomorphus cynodon. Dipsas cynodon, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xxi. fig. 2 (1829) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 268, pl. xi. figs. 10 & 11 (1837); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 308 (1864); Jan, Icon. 148. pIrsapomoRPaus. 79 Gén. 88, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1871); W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. a 1891, p. 244; Boettg. Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1894-95, no. 7, p. 4 (1895). Dipsas cynodon, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 77 (1847). Opetiodon cynodon, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 907 (1854). Eudipsas cynodon, Giinth. Cat. p. 168 (1858). Pareas waandersii, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi, 1860, p. 471 ; Edeling, op. cit, xxxi. 1870, p. 385.. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal square, or longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3 or 343; eight to ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, fourth and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 248-290; anal entire; subcaudals 114-156. Total length 2050 millim. ; tail 480. Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, with dark brown or black transverse spots or cross-bars; a dark streak on each side of the head, behind the eye; belly yellowish, uniform or marbled with brown. a-b. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 261; Toungoo, Burma. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. C. 114) & yg. (V. 257; C. 129). e. 2 (V. 288; C.142). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 264; C. 149). -Singapore. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. e. Her. (V. 290; C.?). Singapore. S- Ad , bad state (V. 267; Bali. Dr. Bleeker. C. ?). (Type of Pareas waandersit.) g. & (V. 277; 0.149). Sandakan, N. Douglas Cator, Esq. Borneo. [P.]. h. & (V. 266; 0.152). Java? t 2 (V. 264; C.129). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. k. @ (V. 269; C. 145). —P Leyden Museum. 2, Skull of a, B. Dark brown or black above, with more or less distinct lighter cross-bars ; sides usually with a series of whitish spots on or close to the ventrals; belly black, or yellowish speckled with black ; head brown above, speckled with black ; a black streak on each side of the head behind the eye; labials with black vertical lines on the sutures. a. . 270; C. 156). Malacca. D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. [P.]. b. : W 285: C. 150). Sup Yooltgieal Sooiety, Pl c. 3 (V. 274; C. 144). ——? Dr. Giinther [P.]. 80 COLUBRID. C. Fawn-colour, without spots or markings, or with traces of darker cross-bands. a. 9 (¥. 268; C.182). Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. b. ie 3 (V. 261; C. Rejang R., Sarawak. Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]. 43). 22. Dipsadomorphus forsteni. Triglypbodon forsteni, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1077 (1854). tessellatum, Dum. §& Bibr. t.¢. p. 1082. Dipsas forsteni, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 809 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 187; Stoliczka,. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x1. 1871, p. 439; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 198 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 362 (1890). — tessellata, Jan, 1. c. ea ae var., F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878,. p. 689. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad, or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal square, or deeper than long; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals very small and numerous, scale-like; eight to eleven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as or a little larger than the posterior; latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 25 to 31 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 254-270; anal entire; subcaudals 103-131, Brown above, uniform or with more or less regular, angular, black cross-bars, with or without white spots between them; usually a black band from the frontal shield to the nape, and another on each side behind the eye; lower parts white, uniform or spotted with brown. Total length 1720 millim. ; tail 330. India and Ceylon. a-b. Yg., dry. Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. ce, d,e 2 (Se. 29; V. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 254; C. 111), her. (Se. 27; V.259; C. 103), & yg. (Se. 29; V. 268; C.'119). S-9. &Q, imperfect. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. h. 3 (Se. 29; V. 263; C. Madras Pres. Sir W. Elliot tt 112). ik. 8 (Sc. 27; V. 262; India. C. 111) & 9 (Se. 27; V. 265; C. 103). i. ej A 27; V.257; C. ——? Zoological Society. 149. DIPsADOBOA. 8l The descriptions of the two following Snakes are insufficient, and as the dentition does not appear to have been examined, it is even doubtful whether they belong to the genus Dipsadomorphus as here defined :— Diesas BerTHOLDI, Jan, Elenco, p. 103 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 3 (1871). Rostral broader than deep; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal once and one fourth as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one praocular, not reaching the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Body strongly compressed. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals enlarged. Above with dark spots forming interrupted cross-bands; two dark lines running along the belly and tail. Habitat unknown.—Prof. Ehlers informs me the specimen is no longer to be found in the Géttingen Museum. Dresas ornata, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) iii. 1888, p. 416. Head broad, flat, rounded at the muzzle, and very suddenly con- tracted behind into a very narrow neck. Body elongate, compressed, and tapering to a very long fine tail, Loreal nearly square; a large preocular ; two small postoculars; nine upper labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 277 ; anal entire; subcaudals120. Yellowish- white, closely barred with black. Total length 610 millim.; tail 230. King’s Sound, N.W. Australia. 149. DIPSADOBOA. Dipsadoboa, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 182 (1858), Heterurus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 103 (1868). Anoplodipsas, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 442. Maxillary teeth 16 to 18, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; nasals concave. Body compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, disposed slightly obliquely, in 17 rows, the vertebral row enlarged ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 1. Dipsadoboa unicolor. Dipsadoboa unicolor, Giinth. Cat. p. 183 (1858), and Zool. Rec, 1872, p. 75 VOL, III. q 82 COLUBRID, Heterurus bicolor, Jan, Icon. Gén. 88, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1871), a ee viridis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 442, pl. —. g. 4. Dipsadoboa assimilis, Mutschie, Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. 1893, p. 178. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals broader than long, about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; ove preocular, usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 142; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 186-216; anal entire; subcaudals 66-100. Green or dark purplish brown above, yellowish beneath. Total length 790 millim. ; tail 160. West Africa. A. Green above. a. Q (V. 186; -C. 68), W. Africa. Mr. Rich [C.]. _(Type.) b. 3 (V. 198; C. 76). Fernando Po, Dr. Giinther [P.]. B. Dark purplish brown above. a-b. 2 (V.199; C.?) & Riodel Rey. H.H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. her. (V. 210; C. 93). ce 2 (V. 194; C. 66). Gaboon. 150. RHINOBOTHRYUM. Rhinobothryum, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 186 (1880); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1060 (1854) ; Guinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 176 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 857 (1887). Maxillary teeth 14, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril very large, verti- cally oval, between two nasals and the internasal; rostral shield very large. Body compressed; scales keeled, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals angulate and feebly notched laterally. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. 1. Rhinobothryum lentiginosum. Coluber lentiginosus, Scopoli, Delic. Flor. Faun. Insubr. iii. p. 41, pl. xx. fig. 2 (1785). Rhinobothryum macrorhinum, Wagi. Syst. Amph. p. 186 (1880). 151. HIMANTODES, 83 Dipsas oe Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 289, pl. xi. figs. 81 & 3 (1837). : Rhinobothryum lentiginosum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1061 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 88, pl. i. fig. 8 (1871). Snout broad, truncate. Rostral very large, as deep as broad, separating the internasals, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; frontal as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parictals ; loreal deeper than long; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight to ten upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by scales. Scales rather strongly keeled on the back, smooth on the sides, in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 245-278; anal divided; subcaudals 114-120. Body with black annuli separated by narrower whitish annuli which are spotted with black in the middle on the back; head-shields black, edged with whitish. Total length 1380 millim. ; tail 300. Colombia, Guianas, Eastern Peru. a. 3 (Se. 19; V. 257; C. 114). Yurimaguas, N.E. Peru. b. 3 (Se. 19; V. 275; C. 117). —? 151, HIMANTODES. ce Bungarus, part., Oppel, Ann. Mus. xvi. 1810, p. 391. Dipsas, part., Fitsing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 180 (1830); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 169 (1858). Imantodes, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 507, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1064 (1854). Himantodes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). Maxillary teeth equal, 12 to 18, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, very distinct from neck ; eye very large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body very slender, strongly compressed; scales narrow, smooth, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows, vertebral row enlarged or not; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Vertebral scales, on the thickest part of the body, broader than long........ 1. cenchoa, p. 84. Vertebral scales, none broader than long 2. elegans, p. 85, : a2 84 COLUBRID. II. Scales in 15 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. 3. lentiferus, p. 86. III. Scales in 17 rows, vertebral row not or but very slightly enlarged A. Anal divided. 1. Frontal not twice as long as broad. ane Head twice or twice and a half as wide as the Neck... 622 saa cee ecw eee es 4. gemmistratus, p. 86. Neck extremely slender, not more than one third the width of the head .... 5. gracillimus, p. 87. 2. Frontal more than twice as long as broad. 6. inornatus, p. 88. B. Anal entire ..............6.4- 7. subequalis, p. 88. | 1. Himantodes cenchoa. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xvi. figs. 2 & 3 (1785). Coluber cenchoa, Linn. S. N. i. p. 889 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 283 (1803). Bungarus cencoalt, Oppel, Ann. Mus. xvi. 1810, p. 392. ~.. Dipsas cenchoa, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 396 (1825) ; Giinth: Cat. p. 174 (1858), and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 175 (1895). weigelii, Mitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826); Schleg. Phys. Serp, il. p. 278, pl. xi. figs. 19 & 20 (1887). Imantodes cenchoa, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1065 (1854). Himantodes cenchoa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 296, and Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 618. — leucomelas, Cope, Ul. ce. —— anisolepis, Cope, Amer, Nat. 1894, p. 618. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above s internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long, rarely a little longer than deep; one or two (rarely three) preoculars, frequently a small upper and a large lower; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1 or 242 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged, the largest broader than long. Ventrals 220-267; anal divided ; subcaudals 122-175. Pale brown or greyish above; head with dark brown spots or bands which may be separated by narrow light lines; body with 26 to 58 dark brown or reddish- brown spots or cross-bands edged with darker and lighter, narrowed on the sides, where they may break up into spots; lower parts whitish, dotted or powdered with brown, with or without a dark streak along the middle of the belly. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 340, Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America. 151, HimanropEs, 85 A. Posterior dorsal spots broken up on the sides, lateral spots being present. a. Q (V. 287; C, 142). be. 3 (V. 244; OC: 145) & Q (V. 288; C. 145). d. & (V. 235; C. ?). 2 (V. 267; C. 162). & (V. 251; C. 163). 2 3 (V. 248; C. 150). (V. 249; C. 171). 4. Her. (V. 251; C. 161). k. Q (V. 254; C. 160). a. St g h B. Dorsal spots all melas, Cope.) a-e. 3 (V. 248, 231, 232, 939; O. 158, 154, 163, 147) & (V. 220; 0. 147). f. 3 (V. 230; ©. 164). g Yg. (WV. 242; C. 160). h. Ye. (V. 245; C. 159). Hi og (V. 258; & 166) & we 230, 233 ; 152, n. g (V. 240; C. 160). op. 3 (¥. 287; ©. 157) & 2 (V. 236; C. 138). 3 (V. 236; C. 145). 7, 2 (V.246; O, 158). 3. 2 (V. 250; C. 154). #. 9 (V. 248; C. 167). u. ¢ skeleton. s 2. Himantodes elegans. (C. cenchoa, L.) Teapa, Tabasco. Hacienda Rosa de Jericho, Nicaragua, 3250 feet. Irazu, Costa Rica. Panama. Rosario de Colombia. Carthagena, Colombia. Trinidad. Cucuta, a Surinam. Moyobamba, N.E. Peru. extending down to the ventrals. Mexico, Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. Orizaba, Vera Cruz. Teapa, Tabasco. Coban, Vera Paz. Vera Paz, low forest. Hacienda Rosa de Jericho, Nicaragua, 3250 feet. Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Chiriqui. Pebas, Upper Amazon. Madre de Dios, Bolivia. Nicaragua. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Rothschuh [C.]. F. D. Godman, Esq Mr. C. Webber [C.]. Capt. Garth [P.]. F. W. Urich, sq. [P.]. Mr. A. H. Roff (C.}. (Hf. leuco- Mr. Hugo Finck (C.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq, [P.]. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. O. Salvin, Esq. (C.}. Dr. Rothschuh [C.}. Dr. Rothschuh [C.]. F. Sia Esq. [PB H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.}. Himantodes cenchoa, var. elegans, Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1871). Leptognathus stratissima, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii. 1886, p. 280, 86 COLUBRID. Himantodes semifasciatus, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 613. Dipsas ne (non Cope), Giinth. Biol. C.--Am., Rept. p. 175 (1895). Closely allied to the preceding, the only structural difference being that the vertebral scales are not so large, mostly longer than broad, the largest never broader than long. Ventrals 220-237;. subcaudals 122-146. Pale brown above, head with dark brown, black-edged spots or symmetrical markings; forty to sixty dark brown black-edged large transverse spots on the body, the anterior extending right across down to the ventrals, the others confined to the back and accompanied on each side by a smaller spot; lower parts yellowish, dotted or powdered with dark brown. Total length 810 millim. ; tail 240. Central America, a-b, Her. (V. 228, 220; Pacific Coast of Guate- 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.] C. 124, 122). mala, c-e. d (V. 287; C.142) Cartago, Costa Rica. & 9 (V. 233, 231; C. 187, 146). 3. Himantodes lentiferus. Himantodes lentiferus, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 613. Agrees in structure, and particularly in the largest vertebral. scales being broader than long, with H. cenchoa, but differs in having only 15 rows of scales. Dorsal spots terminating in an angle near the ventrals ; no lateral spots. ; Total length 622 millim.; tail 189. Si Sl. ae 2S Eastern Ecuador. fo St) Day, (OS athe ee i Ny ne A ee 4, Himantodes gemmistratus. Himantodes cenchoa (non L.), Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264. —— gemmistratus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 296, and Amer, Nat. 1894, p. 613. —— tenuissimus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 317, and Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 613. , Dipsas gemmistratus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 181. gemmistrata latistrata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 68. tenuissima, Cope, J. c.; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 176 (1895). —— splendida, Giinth. 1. e. p. 176, pl. lvi. fig. A. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or @ little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer than deep ; one preocular (rarely divided) not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 (or 2+3); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four to six 151. HImMaNTODEs. 87 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals scarcely enlarged. Ventrals 223-250; anal divided ; subcaudals 130-157. Pale brown above; head with dark brown spots or symmetrical markings; 35 to 50 dark brown spots or cross-bars on the body, lighter in the centre and sometimes edged with whitish, often connected by a narrow dark brown line on the middle of the back; lower parts whitish, dotted or powdered with brown. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 270. Mexico and Central America. A. 35 dorsal spots, broken up on the sides in the posterior half of the body. a. Q (V. 228; C. ?). Yucatan. (Type of D. splendida.) B. 46 dorsal spots, all extending down to the ventrals. b. do (V. 242; C. 155). Yucatan. C. 50 dorsal spots, broken up on the sides in the posterior fourth of the body. ec. & (V. 281; C. 180). Hacienda Santa Gertru- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. dio, Mexico, 5. Himantodes gracillimus. Dipsas gracillima, Giinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 177, pl. li. fig. B (1895). Neck extremely slender, not more than one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one prewocular; two post- oculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals not enlarged. Ventrals 244-253; anal divided; subcaudals 145. Pale brownish above, with 42 to 72 darker spots edged with blackish; these spots being much larger than the! interspaces between them, the body appears brown with pale black-edged cross-bars ; whitish beneath, dotted or powdered with brown. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 300. Mexico. a. & (V. 244; C.?). &. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. ; [P.]. tee b. & (V. 253; C. 145). Tres Marias Ids., W. Hy. A. Forrer C.] Mexico. 88 COLUBRID. 6. Himantodes inornatus. (Pxatz V. fig. 1.) Neck extremely slender, one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep ; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals not enlarged. Ventrals 206; anal divided; subcaudals 112. Pale brown above, with blackish dots and faint traces of black cross- bars; a black line along the occiput; whitish beneath, finely speckled with blackish and with a blackish median line. Total length 820 millim. ; tail 230. Nicaragua. a-b. Q (V. 206; C. Hacienda Rosade Jeri- Dr. E. Rothschuh 112)fand head & neck cho, 3250 ft. [C.]. of adult. 7. Himantodes (?) subequalis. Dipsas subequalis, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 224, pl. ix. figs. 18-21. x] Neck extremely slender, one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the’ parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals scarcely enlarged. Ventrals 226; anal entire; subcaudals 105. Uniform bluish green above, lighter beneath. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 250. Habitat unknown. 152. LEPTODIRA. Sibon, part., Fitzing, N. Class. Rept. pp. 29, 81 (1826) Coronella, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1887). ee Schleg. l. c. p. 357 ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1183 54). Heterurus, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1168. Leptodeira, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 165 (1858). Sibon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. ® Eteirodipsas, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Crotaphopeltis, Jan, 1. ¢. 152. Leproprra. A 89 Maxillary teeth 15 to 18, gradually and feebly increasing in length, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth, anterior slightly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal eonecave. Body cylindrical or moderately compressed ; scales smooth or faintly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa; Tropical America, northwards to Texas. Synopsis of the Species. I, Anal entire; scales in 19 (exceptionally 17) rows; ventrals 144-180; subcaudals 32-54 .... 1. hotambeia, p. 89. TI. Anal divided. A. Subcaudals 51-72; lateral spots none, or very small. 1. Scales in 19 rows. Seven upper labials ; ventrals 151-164. 2. punctata, p. 91. Eight upper labials; ventrals 170-196. 38. nigrofasciata, p. 92. 2. Seales in 21 to 25 rows. Nine upper labials; ventrals 188 .... 4. frenata, p. 92. Eight upper labials; ventrals 194.... 5. septentrionalis, p. 93. Eight upper labials; ventrals 160-180. 6. personaita, p. 93. B. Subcaudals 71-107. 1. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; rostral twice as broad as deep ; lateral spots present. Ventrals 158-169 ................ 7. ocellata, p. 94. 2 Ventrals 172-211 ................ 8. albofusca, p. 95. ¢— 2. Scales in 19 (exceptionally 17 or 21) rows; ventrals 175- 195 ; rostral not twice as broad as deep. 9. annulata, p. 97. 2. 1. Leptodira hotambeia. Seba, Thes. 1. pl. xxxiii. fig. 6, & Ixxv. fig. 3 (1784). Coronella hotambeeia, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 85 (1768). —— virginica, Laur. 1. ¢. p. 86. Coluber rufescens, Gimel. S. NV. i. p. 1094 (1789) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 110 (1803). —— hitambeeia, Gmel. 1. ce. p. 1113. — bicolor, Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 498 (1819). Ophis heterurus, Duvernoy, Ann. Sc, Nat. xxx. 1833, p. 9, pl. i. fig. 2, 90 COLUBRID. Ophis albocinctus, Duvernoy, 1. c. p. 10, pl. ii. figs. 1-3. Coronel rufescens, Soha. Pips Sere. 4 p. 7 pl. ii. figs. 16 & 17 37). Digene er Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk, Skrift. x. 1848, p. 251, pl. i. figs. 18-20, Crotaphopeltis rufescens, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. App. p. 18 (1849); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 566; Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pli. fig. 1 (1872); Boetty. Abh. Senck. Ges, xii. 1881, p. 398. P Dipsas inornatus, Smith, J. ¢. p. 20. Heterurus rufescens, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1170 (1854). hippocrepis, Dum. § Bibr.t. c. p. 1177. Leptodeira rufescens, Giinth. Cat. p. 165 (1858) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 162, & 1888, p. 72. Oxyropus melanocrotaphus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 260. Crotaphopeltis hitambcsia, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iti. p. 126 (1882). Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided) ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 1 4-1 or 2; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (exceptionally fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; three or four pairs of large chin-shields, the anterior longer than broad and in contact with four and five lower labials, the others usually broader than long. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 (excep- tionally 17) rows. Ventrals 144-180; anal entire; subcaudals 32-54. Brown, olive, or blackish above, uniform or with whitish dots which may form cross-bars; a black band on the temple, usually connected with its fellow across the occiput; belly whitish. Total length 610 millim.; tail 90. ; Tropical and South Africa, as far north as Senegambia and Nubia, a. Her. (V. 159; C. 88). Gambia. T. Mitchell, Esq. [P3) bd. Her. (V.165; 0.39). Bissao. Vv. ou Cornish, Esq. e. Her. (V. 161; 0. 44). Gold Coast. W. F. Evans, Esq. [C.1. d. 2 (V.164; C.?). — Fantee. T. E. Bowdich, Esq. [P.]. _ (Type of C. bicolor.) e, f-l. 3 (V. 164; C. Asaba, Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. 54), 2 (V. 160; C. 41), (Pj. her. (V. 155, 156; C. 38, 33), & yg. (V. 161, 162, 159; C. 44, 42, 40). m. 9 (V.167; C. 42). Congo. n-s. @ (V. 159; C.39), Mkonumbi, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory her. (V. 164, 153, [P.]. gt C. 41, 50, 46, 46), & yg. (V. 164 ; G59). ( 152. LEPTODIRA. 91 t. 9 (V.166; 0.34). Mt. Ruwenzori, 5000- Scott Elliot, Esq. 6000 ft. (P.]. u-v. Yg. (V. 151, 169; Mt. Kilimanjaro. F, J. Jackson, Esq. C. 40, 49). [P.]. w-s. ¢ (V. 160; C.38) Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. H.H. Johnston, Esq. & yg. (V. 153, 145, P.}. 144; C. 43, 42, 39). a. J ( v . 159; CO. ’40). Shiré highlands. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. p-8. g (V.158; C.42) Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [P.]. & her, (V. 166, 164; C. a7, 41). e. 9 (V. 151; C. 32). Johannesburg, Transvaal. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk [P.]. ¢ Yg. (V.159; C.41). Pretoria, Transvaal. W. L. Distant, Esq. [P. 7 Cut vee Ne 152,149; Natal. E. owlett, Esq. [P.]. . 8 aa 154, 158, Port Elizabeth. J. Py Leslie, Esq. P0246, 41, 40). ve "hy. 164; C. 42). Uniondale, Natal. Met _— [P. a »,& o(V. 156; C.45) Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. & 9(V. 151; C.87). v. Yg. (V. 157; C. 38). Grahamstown. Rev. G. H.R. Fisk [P.]. mw. Q (Se.17; V.163; Cape of Good Hope. Lord berby [Pi C. 45). p. @ skeleton. S. Africa. 2. Leptodira punctata. Crotaphopeltis punctata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 93. Leptodira pacifica, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 310; Giinth. tol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 169 (1895). Sibon pacificum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1587, p. 67, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 678. Leptodira punctata, Bouleng. The Seok 1887, p. 178, Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much sborter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, separated from the frontal, usually with a small sub- ocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 151-164; anal divided ; subcaudals 61-65. Pale brown above, with four or five rows of small black spots; head with short black streaks; a light occipital blotch with a short mesial black streak, followed by a pair of large black spots; upper lip yellowish; lower parts uniform white. Total length 490 millim. Mazatlan, Mexico. a. 2 (V. 163; C. ?). Presidio, near Mazatlan. Hr, A. Forrer(C.]. 92 COLUBRID. 3. Leptodira nigrofasciata, (Pxare V. fig. 2.) Leptodira nigrofasciata, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425, and Biol, C.-Am., Rept. p. 169 (1895). —— mystacina, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 151; Giinth, Biol. C.-Am. p. 169. Sibon nigrofasciatum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 67, and Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 678. mystacinum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 82, p. 67. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- masals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, with or without a small subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, sixth sometimes touching the parietal ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 170-196 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 56-70. Above with dark brown spots or semiannuli separated by narrow whitish ones, the first across the occiput; labials black-spotted ; a blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; lower parts white. Total length 480 millim.; tail 100. Isthmus of Tehuantepec ; Nicaragua. a. 3 (V.170; 0.70). Nicaragua. Dr, Seeman [P.]. (Type.) b. d (V.196; 0.64). Tapana, Tehu- Prof. F. Sumichrast dedi 0. antepec. Salvin & F. D. Godman, Esqs. [P.}. e. 2(V. 188; C. 56). saad Dr. A. C. Buller [C.}. ity. 4, Leptodira frenata. Sibon frenatum, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. 1886, p. 184, & xiv. 1892, p. 677. Leptodira frenata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 173 (1895). Frontal twice as long as broad ; loreal subquadrate ; one prxocular, not reaching the frontal, with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 142; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 188; anal divided ; subcaudals 69. Black above, with narrow grey cross-bands (one scale in width), which may be broken up and alternate on the vertebral line; head grey, densely mottled with blackish, occiput pale greyish ; a black streak on each side behind the eye; upper labials with black borders. Total length 305 millim. ; tail 66. Jalapa, Mexico. 152. LEPropIRA. 93 5. Leptodira septentrionalis. Dipsas septentrionalis, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Sure. ii. es 16, pl. viii. fig. 1 (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, . 26 Sibon annulatum septentrionale, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 38 (1875). Leptodeira septentrionalis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, 505, p. 505. Sibon septentrionale, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 677, ; Leptodira annulata, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 170 (1895). Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two preoculars, upper in contact with the frontal, with a small subocular below them; two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 2] or 23 rows. Ventrals 194; anal divided; subcaudals 65-72, Greyish or pale brown above, with large, rhomboidal, transverse black spots descending to the sides; no lateral spots; head spotted with black, occiput whitish ; lower parts uniform whitish. Total length 720 millim.; tail 150. South-western Texas and North Mexico. a. g (Sc. 21; V.194; 0.72). Texas. Smithsonian Institution [P.]. 6. Leptodira personata. Dipsas annulata, var. C, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 166 (1858). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. Leptodira personata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 3810; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 171, pl. liv. figs. A & B (1895). sede ce annulata, var. septentrionalis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. i- fig. 2 (1872). ; nai rhombifera, Ginth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 32, and 1, ¢. p. 173, pl. liv. fig. C. Sibon personatum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 82, 1887, p. 67, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 677. — rhombiferum, Cope, Wl. ce. Leptodira splendida, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am. p. 171, pl. liti. fig. B. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one or two preoculars, usually in contact with the frontal, and usually a small subocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering. the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior. chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 or 25 (rarely 21) rows. Ventrals 94 160-180; anal divided; subcaudals 53-72. COLUBRID A, Pale brown above, with large dark brown or blackish rhomboidal spots, which may be confluent to form a zigzag band; lateral spots absent or small; head dark brown, with a white or whitish cross-band on the occiput, rarely divided by a blackish median streak ; upper labials spotted or edged with brown; belly uniform white, without brown dots. Total length 780 millim. ; tail 135. Mexico, Guatemala. af. 3 (Se. 25, 23, 25; V. 177, 176, 169; C. 65, ?, 2) & 2 (Se. 23; V. 180, 172, 167; C. 62, 60, 58). g-n, 0. Sb (Se. 25, 23; V. 160, 166; C. 64, 65) & 2 (Sc. 28, 23, 23, 25, 23, 23; V. 171, 175, 172, 169, 165, 172; C. 56, 57, P, ?, 55, 60). p, g. Her. o (Sc. 23; V. 173; C. 69) & yg. (Se. 28; V. 180; C. 59). r-s. 3 (Sc. 21; V. 166; C. 67) & @ (Sc. 23; V. 167; C. 66). t-v. 2 (Se. 25; V. 171; C. ?) & her. (Sc. 28, 25; V. 174, 173; C. 72, 64). w. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 166; C. 69). a-€. g (Sc. 23; V.165 ; 0.68),12 (Se. 25; V. 169, 166, 168, 166, 161; C. 2, 2, 57, 58, 58), her. (Se. 23; V. 167, 159; C. 66, 68), & yg. (Se. 23; V. 1738; C. 58). n-&, o. Her. d (Sc. 23; V. 171, 170, 174; C. 67, 70, 67), 2 (Se. 23; V.163; C. 66), & yg. (Se. 23, 28, 25, 23, 23; V. 166, 167, 173, 174, 180; C.65, 68, 55, 56, 58). mw. Q (Se. 23; V. 176; C. 53). p-o. & (Se. 21; V. 162; C. 70) & hgr. (Se. 21; V. 164; C. 67). a. Yg. (Se. 21; V. 163; C. 67). v. 2 (Sc. 25; V.170; C. 68). Mexico, Mr. Hugo Finck [C.]. Mexico. Mr. Warwick [C.]. Mexico. M. Sallé [C.]. Presidio, near Hr. A. Forrer[C.]. Mazatlan. Hacienda Sta. Dr. A. C. Buller Gertrudio. [C.]. Sto.Domingode Dr. A. C, Buller C Guzman. dls Tampico. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]}. Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]; ai Godan Esq. [P.]. Plateau of P. Geddes, Esq. Mexico. P.}. Izucar, Mexico, (Types of L. splen- dida.) S. Mexico. F. D._ Godman, Esq. El Rio Chisoynear O. Salvin, Esq. Cubulco, [C.]. (Type of L. Guatemala, rhombifera.) 7. Leptodira ocellata. Leptodira ocellata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 172, pl. lv. fig. B (1895). P Sibon septentrionale rubricatum, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxxi. 1894, p, 847. 152. LEPTODIRA. 95 Intermediate between L. personata and L. albofusca. Agrees with the former in the stouter body with lower number of ventral shields, with the latter in the length of the tail and number of caudal shields as well as in the coloration. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 158-169 ; subcaudals 74—83. Total length 500 millim.; tail 135. Central America. a. 3 (V. 166; C. 74), Chontalez, Ni- R. A. Rix, Esq. caragua. J; W. se Esq. ae (Types.) b-d. 3 (V.169; C.76); Cartago, Costa Fd tye her. (V. 164; C. ?),& Rica. yg. (V. 158; C. 83). J) e. 3 (V. 161; C. 79). Panama, Capt. J. C. Dow [P.]. 8. Leptodira albofusca. oie Coluber albofuscus, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 94 & 312 (1789). —— annulatus, Merr. Beitr. iii. p. 25, pls. iii. & iv. (1821). Dipsas annulatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 294 (1837). —— annulata, var. B, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 166 (1858), and Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 170 (1895). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. Leptodira annulata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 127; Garm. Bull, Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 90. Sibon annulatum yucatanense, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 67. —— annulatum, Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 677. —— yucatanense, Cope, i. ¢. Leptodira affinis, Giinth. Biol. C-Am. p. 170. ~——— yucatanensis, Giinth. 1. c. p. 171. _— polysticta, Giinth. lc. p. 172, pl. lv. fig. A. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; in- ternasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one or two preoculars, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, and a small subocular; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth (rarely third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye, four to six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 2lor23 rows. Ventrals 170-211; anal divided; subcaudals 71-95. Pale brown above, with one or two dorsal series of brown, darker edged spots which may be partly confluent into a zigzag band or form cross-bands which do not descend, to the ventrals; a lateral series of spots ; frequently a dark median line on the occiput; a dark streak behind the eye ; lower parts whitish, frequently with fine brown specks. 96 Total length 950 millim. ; Tropical America. a, b. & (Se. 23; V. 198, 202 ; C. 84, 79). on & (Se. 21; V. 197; C. 81) & a (Se. 21; Vv. 197 ; C. 7. e-g. 3 (Se. "hg. V. 191, 199, 196; C. 83, 84, 87). (Sc. 28; V. 194; ). ie So (Sc. 28; V. 200; 93). k. “ape & (8c. 28; V. 197; C. 75). l Yg. (Sc. 28; V. 195; C. 85). m-n. 9 (Sc. 21; V. 186; C. uy Det (Se. 21; V. 171; C. ?). 0. Ye. (Sc. 21; V. 198; C. 88). p ee ee 23; V. 204; q@ 3 ‘Ge. 21; V. 211; C. 87). r os (Se. 28; V. 192; 81). sv. 2 (Se. 215 V. 1985 C. 2), her. (Se. 21, 23; V. 137, 179; ©. 86, 9); & yg. (Se. 21; V. 193; ©..88 w. 2, (Se. 21; V. 189; 2. ‘é. (Se. 21; V. 185; We . (Se. 21; V.183; C. P) & 2 (Se. b3 ; Vv. "198 ; C. 75). a-8. Her. (Se. 21; V. 170, Pe: ©. 90, 95), 9 (Se. 21; V. 190; rE ?) & yg. (Se. 21; V. 181; C.91). €. ey (Sc. 21; V. 174; 79). é 3 (Se. 21; V. 101; fn 8 21; V. 182; 6. ce sce 21; V. 184; Tig, So. 21; V. 194; * 6, 82), COLUBRID. tail 220. Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. Tampico, Tamau- lipas. Huatuzco, Cruz. Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Vera Jalapa. Cozumel Id., Yu- catan. Yucatan. Honduras. Belize. Panama. Chiriqui. C. America. W. Ecuador. Guayaquil. Carthagena. Caracas. Venezuela. Brit. Guiana. Demerara. Demerara. Berbice. M.Sallé(C.]. (Types of L. polysticta, Mr. Warwick [C.]. Mr. H. Finck [C.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. F, (P Godman, Esq. P Mr. Hoege [C.]; F. D.Godman,Esq. (P.} (Ty nee of L. polysticta.) r. Hoege[C.]; F. D, Godman, Esq. [Pe Mr. F. Gaumer [C.]. > Mr. Dyson [C.]. | F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. ies of L. polysticta.) D. Godman, Esq, [PJ]. Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Type of L. affinis.) Mr. Fraser [C.]. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Capt. Garth [P.]. Mr. Dyson [C.]. Demerara Mus. [P.]. Mr. Snellgrove [C.]. Dr. Hancock (P.]. Lady Essex [P.]. 152. LEPTopIRA. 97 k o (Sc. 21; V.186; Berbice. C. 93 A. He. 21; V.190; Pernambuco, J ‘fp G. Smith, Esq. be ots ee 21; V.196; Para. a ae Esq. vy, a 21; V.176; Asuncion,Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. é gs ‘se. 23; V.203; ——P Haslar Collection. o. Skull. Mexico. 9. Leptodira annulata. Coluber annulatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 34, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N. i. p. 386 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 8369 (1803). Dipsas annulata, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 294 (1887). —— annulata, var. A, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Gunth, Cat. p. 166 (1858). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. Eteirodipsas annulata, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863). Dipsas approximans, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H, (4) ix. 1872, p. 82. anos wieneri, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p ss Rostral once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one preeocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, rarely with a very small subocular below it; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 142; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely third and fourth or fourth and fifth only) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact wich the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 (exceptionally 17 [spec. n] or 21 [spec. h]) rows, the vertebrals sometimes slightly enlarged. Ventrals 175-196; anal divided; subcaudals 78-107. Yellowish or brown above, with a dorsal series of large dark brown or blackish spots often confiuent into an undulous or zigzag band ; lateral spots usually small or absent; a dark streak behind the eye ; occipital region whitish in the young; lower parts white: Total length 730 millim.; tail 175. Tropical South America. a-b. & (V.183, 182; C. ?, Rio de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber 95). Colombia. [C.} e-d. 9 (V. 193,178; C. 80, Chyavetas, N.E. Mr. E. Bartlett P). eru. [C.]. (Types of D. approximans.). * I am indebted to M. Bocourt for notes on the type specimen. VOL. III, H 98 COLUBRID. . ; N.E. Peru. Mr. W.Davis[C.]; aha (V.193, 184; 0.89, Sarayacu, r yee [P.]. g-m,n-0. & (V.191, 189; Moyobamba, N.E, Mr. A. H. Roff C. 98, 96), 9 (V. 192, Peru. [C.}. 189, 190; ©. 89, 82, °), her. (V. 194, 182; C. 96, ee yg. (V. 175; . 92). p. 2 (V. 187; C. 78). Santarem. a 03 Bates, Esq. . do (V.192; C. 94). Upper Amazon. ee aE © (V. 186, 194,187; Rio Ucayali. Dr. E. A. Géldi C. 87, 82, 82). P.]. u. Yg. (V. 190; CO. 90). Upper Amazon. ae 1 Bartlett v. 3 (V. 190; C. 97). Madre de Dios, Bolivia. iss w. 3 (V.194; C. 98). Charobamba, Bolivia. xz. Hgz. (V. 192; C. 97). Para, om Eeq, y-z. 3 (V.184, 179; 0.89, 8. America. E._ Bowerbank, 84). Esq. [P.}. 153. CHAMATORTUS. Chameetortus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, p. 310. Maxillary teeth 12, gradually and feebly increasing in length, followed, after a short interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal concave; loreal entering the eye. Body compressed; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. East and Central Africa. 1. Chametortus aulicus. Chametortus aulicus, Giinth. 1. c. pl. xxvi. fig. 2; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 128 (1882). ; Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals a little broader than long, a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep, bordering the eye below a small preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 172-195; anal entire ; subcaudals 81-95. Brown above, the back with numerous whitish, dark-edged cross-bars, the sides spotted with whitish ; head whitish, aout and marbled with brown, and with a brown streak on each side, passing through the eye; labials edged with brown; beneath white. 154. oxyruorvs. 99 Total length 640 millim.; tail 160. East and Central Africa, a. Hgr. (V. 195; C. 81). Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Type.) 4 g (V.190; C. 95). Lake Tanganyika, Sir T Rink [C.]. 154, OXYRHOPUS. Pseudoboa, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 281 (1801). Scytale (non Latr.), part., Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820); Fitzing. NV. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). - Clelia, part., Fitzing. 1. c.; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 187 (1880). Duberria, part., Fitzing. 1. ¢. : Oxyrhopus, part., Wagl. 1. c. p. 185; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1011 (1854); Gunth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 188 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1863). Erythrolamprus, part., Wagl. 1. e. p. 187. Scytale, Wagl. l. c.; Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 996; Giinth. 1. e. p. 187; Jan, 1. ce. p. 91. aaa Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp, ii. p. 104 (1887), Guinter, cat, Schleg. t. c. p ie e Sphenocephalus, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 48 (1846). Siphlophis, F%tzing. 1. c. p. 56. BA Gionnt (non Latr.), Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 991; Giinth. le. p. 10. Brachyruton, Dum. § Bibr. t. ce. p.1002; Jan, lc. p. 91. Olisthenes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 296. Phimophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 79. Maxillary teeth 10 to 15, subequal, followed, after an interspace, by @ pair of moderately enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate or rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical or feebly com- pressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals ‘rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals single or in two rows. Central and South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals in two rows. A. Normally eight upper labials; preocular reaching the upper surface of the head. 1, Preocular in contact with, or, exceptionally, narrowly sepa- rated from the frontal; ventrals 174-225. a. Black cross-bars, if present, not disposed in threes, Eye moderate; subcaudals 78-126 .... 1. petolarius, p. 101. & ‘Eye rather small; subcaudals47-80 .. 2. rhombifer, p. 103. < b. Black cross bars, if present, disposed in threes. Snout rather prominent ; subcaudals 55- 98) Sarees mena ea ew ke aoe ersio 3. trigeminus, p.104, ¢ Snout not prominent; subcaudals 76-89. 4. bitorquatus, p.104. ¢ H2 100 COLUBRIDZ. 2. Preocular separated from the frontal. a. Ventrals 172-206; subcaudals 51-85. a, Eye rather small, not half the length of the snout. Black cross-bars disposed in threes; head plack above ..... eee eee eee eee 5. melanogenys, p. 105.. 7 Black cross-bars or annuli not disposed * in threes; head black above........ 6. doliatus, p. 106. Complete black annuli round the body ; head uniform yellow or orange...... 7. formosus, p. 106. B. Eye moderate, about half the length of the snout. Loreal present, at least twice as long as OOP: atts Soe Sa eeisies Wee bide ee 8. labialis, p. 107. 7 Loreal often absent; if present, short .. 9. clathratus, p.107. b, Ventrals 232-236 ; subcaudals 77-81. 10. fitzingeri, p.108. ¢ B. Normally seven upper labials; preocular not or but just: reaching the upper surface of the head. 1. ‘Portion of rostral visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal. Frontal a little longer than broad; sub- caudals 64-93 ...... cee eee 11. clelia, p. 108. ‘ Frontal as long as broad; subcaudals 51, 12. maculatus, p, 110. 2. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal. Preeocular moderate, just reaching the upper surface of the head; subcaudals Cool eee ee ee ee eer ie 18. occipitoluteus, p. 110. ‘ Preocular very small; subcaudals 44-61. 14. rusticus, p. 111. II. Subcaudals single. A. Scales in 17 rows; rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle posteriorly, its upper portion not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal; seven upper abide: ices cttebeeeasegtacs 15. coronatus, p. 111. : B. Scales in 19 rows; normally eight upper labials. Rostral much broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle posteriorly, its upper portion not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal........ 16. neuwiedsi, p. 112. — Rostral nearly as deep as broad, forming a right or acute angle posteriorly, its upper portion at least two thirds its 6 distance from the frontal .......... 17. guerint, p. 118, 154. oxyRHopPus. 101 TanLe sHowinae NumBers oF SCALES AND SHIELDS. f Se. Vv. C. Lab. (| petolarius .. seetseres|, 19 191-222 78-126 8 (9) ‘| rhombifer .. : 19 174-225 47-80 8 | trigeminus.. 19 174-203 55-83 8 | bitorquatus .. 19 185-206 76-89 8 melanogenys .. d 19 206 79 8 | doliatus .........66 : 19 183-199 61-80 8 | fOPMOSUS Levseveessseeseseeees 19 182-203 51-73 8 H] daBtadis oo. cecscessssoenseees 19 172-201 57-78 8 Clathratus ...ccecsececseeseeens 19 190-205 66-85 8 Pibzingeri coccccsececseee cones 19 232-236 77-81 8 Sf), Se ee ree eer 17-19 198-237 64-93 7 (8) IMACULALUS ....ceveceeeeceseeene 19 214 51 7 | occipitoluteus ...ccsecceeeees 19 204-215 67-85 7 TUSTIOUS sigs tacsiavesecutscanssess 19 197-223 44-61 7 (8) | COTONALUS .eeeeeeeraseseceeeeee 17 171-208 80-97* 7 i MEUWEDIE ...eereccnsscrecenes 19 177-205 64-96* 8 im V QUETINE ieseeeesereenessreeetes 19 185-211 70-99* 8 (7) * All or most single. 1. Oxyrhopus petolarius. Coluber petolarius +, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 85, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1754), on SN 387 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 307 (1808). —— pethola, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 387. —— digitalis, Reuss, Mus. Senckenbd. i. 1834, p. 148, pl. ix. fig. 1. Lycodon petolarius, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 122, pl. iv. figs. 20 & 21 (1837). — Cee semifasciatus, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 54, pl. vii. (1846). Oxyrhopus multifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1019 (1854), —— spadiceus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1028. — immaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1029; Guichen. in Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 64, pl. xiii®. (1855) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 191 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1870). — bipreocularis, Dum. & Bibr. t.c. p. 1030; Grinth. 1. ¢, —— petolarius, Dum. & Bibr. t. ¢. p. 1033; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 414; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. vi. fig. 2, & 36, pl. i. figs. 1 & 2 (1870); Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 132; Giinth. Biol, C.-Am., Rept. p. 167 (1895). seb, Dum. §& Bibr. t. c. p. 1086. Eye moderately large, its diameter about half the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than ‘the prefrontals; frontal once and one fifth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals.; loreal much longer t The name is misspelt “ petalarius” in the ‘Systema Nature.’ 102 COLUBRID. than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided) usually forming a. suture with the frontal, sometimes, however, narrowly separated from it; two (exceptionally one or three) postoculars; temporals 243; eight (exceptionally nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 191-222; anal entire ; subcaudals 78-126 pairs. Coloration variable. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 220. Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America. A. Black above, with numerous (50-75) narrow yellow cross- bands,. the first on the nape; these bands sometimes interrupted in the middle. (C. petolarius, L.) a, Yg. (V. 206; C. 102). Rosario de Cucuta, Myr. C. Webber [C.], Colombia. 6, : o (V. 204; C. 117) Venezuela. Mr. Dyson [C.]. £36. 119; 0.115). d. Q (V. 218; C. 89). Caracas. eS, g. 3 (V.200; one % (V. 208; ©.'104), & her. (V. 197; C. 83). ~ (V. 192; k. Q Cy 203; C. 87). 1. 2 (V. 200; C. 92), ht . British Guiana. Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove (C.]. Berbice. Surinam P Lidth de Jeude Coll. B. Light cross-bars (sometimes reduced to large spots on the sides) fewer (15-25) and far apart. gr. (V. 209; C. 115). ;. ye (V. 202;’C. 116). e-d, es Her. 9 (V.212, 208, 2056 C. 100, 121, 101) & yg. (V. 216; C. 9. = ey, 209; C. 126), h-t. Q (V. 222; 0.7) & oe (V. 210; G. 101). kK. oS (V. 214; ©. 115). l. Her. (V. 208 ; C. 89). m, Yg. (V.191; C. 101). n. Hgr. (V.203; C. 109). Guayaquil. Ecuador. Moyobamba, N.E. eru. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Mr. Buckley [C.]. Mr. A. H. Roff Che Sarayacu, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Messrs. Veitch [P.]. Yurimaguas, Huallaga Dr. Habnel [C.]. River. Pebas. H.W. Bates, Esq afO.) Pernambuco. W. a pee sq. Bahia, Fi Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. C. Uniform dark brown above, or with faint traces of light bars. as in B, (V. 220; C. 97). (V. 214; ©. 98), a. 3. 2 e. & (V. 202; C. 100). Moyobamba, N.E. Peru. Yungas, Bolivia. Pernambuco. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.}. 154, oxyRHopus. 103 D. Above barred black and red, the red bars, which may be dotted with black, as broad as or a little narrower than the black, and 30 to 40 in number; the black bars usually forming’ complete annuli on the tail. a. Q (V. 207; C. 80). Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck fot: b. 2 (V. 204; C. 85). Atoyac, Guerrero. Mr. H.H. Smith (C.J; F.D.Godman, Esq. ce. Hgr. (V. 198; C. 78). Vera Paz (low forest). of8; vin, Esq. [C.]. d-e. Hgr. (V. 204, 197; Chontalez, Nicaragua. C. 105, 98). SF. 2 (V. 210; C. 80). Chontalez, Nicaragua. R.A. Rix, Esq.'[C.]; W. M. Crowfoot, Esq. [P.]. g. Yg. (V. 206; 0.97). Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. Rothschuh [C.}. _ 4,t. fo (V. 205; C.88) & Hacienda Rosa de Dr. Rothschuh [C.). her. (V. 198; CO. 92). Jericho, Nicaragua, 32650 ft. k-l. Hgr. (V. 205, 194; Costa Rica. C. 88, 103). m. Her. (V. 218; C.109). W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. n. Yg. (V.210;'C. 93). Quito. 2. Oxyrhopus rhombifer. Lycodon formosus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 118 (1887). Oxyrhopus rhombifer, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1018 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. nes 35, pl. v. fig. 2 (1870); Berg, Act. Ac. Cordoba, v. 1884, p. 95. —— subpunctatus, Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 1016. — dorbignyi, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1024, —— petolarius, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 190 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco, p. 94 1863). P Corona bachmanni, Weyenb. Period. Zool. Cordoba, ii. 1876, p: e Eye rather small, its diameter one half (young) to one third the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 23; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-225; anal entire; subcaudals 47-80 pairs. Red or pale brown above, the scales tipped with black, with black cross-bands or rhomboidal transverse spots ; upper surface of head, as far as the posterior third or fourth of the parietal shields, black; yellow beneath, uniform or dotted with black. Total length 900 millim.; tail 160. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia. a-b. & (V. 205; 0. 68) & Brazil. Mr. Clausen [C.]. 2 (V. 216; C. 57). 104 COLUBRID, ¢, d,e-g, h-m. 3 (V. 187; Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. ao v. Ihering C. 67), 2 (V. 201, 208, [C.]. 200, 195; ©. 60, 59, 56, 55), & yg. (V. 186, 198, 202, 198, 204; C. 71, 68, 56, 60, 51). : n. Her. (V. 180; 0.47). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. o. Yg. (V. 199; C. 80). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls (C.]. p. Yg. (V.174; C. 59). Uruguay. = g. & (V. 225; C. 70). Charocampa, Bolivia. 3. Oxyrhopus trigeminus. : Lycodon formosus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 113 (18387), Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1018 (1854); Giinth, Cat. p. 191 (1858). tergeminus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. i. fig. 4 (1870). Eye moderate or rather small, its diameter two fifths to one half the length of the snout, which is obtuse but rather prominent. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal at least twice as long as deep; one pra- ocular, forming a narrow suture with the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-203; anal entire; subcaudals 55-83 pairs. Red above, some or all of the scales tipped with black, with more or less regular black cross-bars disposed in threes ; head yellow or red above with a black blotch on the crown, some- times extending on the snout; yellow beneath. Total length 660 millim. ; tail 115. Guianas, Brazil. a-b. $ (V.179; OC. 70) & 2 Demerara. Capt. Sabine [P.]. (V. 195; C. 56). e. 9 (V. 198; C. 64). Pernambuco. W.A. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. d. g (V.181; C. 73). Pernambuco. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. ef. 2 (V.193; C.57) & hgr. Bahia. Mr. Ker [P.}. (V. 185; C. 57). g-h. 2 (V.190, 188; C.?,?). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. a 2 (V.174; C. 67). Rio Janeiro, D. Wilson Barker, Esq. [P.}. k-l. § (V.181; 0.75) & Q@ 8, America. W. F. Evans, Esq. [P.]. (V. 198; C. 62). 4, Oxyrhopus bitorquatus. (Pxarte VI. fig. 1.) Oxyrhopus trigeminus, var., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 401. ? Oxyrhopus submarginatus, Peters, J. ¢. Tpete meats bitorquatus, Giinth. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 19. Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout; 154. oxyRHopvs. 105 ‘snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the -end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal much Jonger than deep; one preocular, usually forming a narrow suture with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a ‘little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 185-206; anal entire; subcaudals 76-89 pairs. Red above, the scales tipped and edged with black ; head black above, usually with -8 light cross-band behind the parietals and one or two black crogs- bands on the nape; the snout sometimes yellow ; black cross-bands disposed in threes may be present on the body ; lower parts yellow. Total length 890 millim. ; tail 175. Upper Amazon, Bolivia. a. Yg. (V.197; C.85). Peruvian Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [0.]. (ispe) b. 5 (V. 206; C. 76). Upper Amazon, Mr. I. Bartlett [C.]. -d. 3 (V. 187, 185; oyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff[C. C. 81, 82). é 6 (V.191; C.?). Pozuzu, Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C. Messrs. Veitch |P.]. f, 9 & (V. 196, 185; Sarayacu, Peru., Mr. W. Davis [C.]; ~ C. 89, 83). Messrs. Veitch [P.]. hai. & (V. 194, 197; RR. Ucayali. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]: C. 87, 86) AL Yg. (Vv. 206 ; C. 76). Yungas, Bolivia. 5. Oxyrhopus melanogenys. Sphenocephalus melanogenys, Tschudi, Faun. Per. Herp. p. 49, pl. iv. (1846). Oxyrhopus tergeminus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. i. fig. 8 (1870). Eye small, its diameter not more than one third the length of the snout; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one preocular, reaching the upper surface of the thead but separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+48; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as dong as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 206; anal entire; subcaudals 79 pairs. Red or pale reddish brown above, dotted with blackish brown; head blackish brown above; nape blackish brown or with a pair of black cross-bands ; anterior half of body with a few black cross-bands disposed in threes; belly yellowish. Total length 680 millim, ; tail 170. Chanchamayo, Peru. 106 COLUBRID. 6. Oxyrhopus doliatus. Oxyrhopus doliatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1020 (1854). —— formosus (non Wied), Giinth. Cat. p. 190 (1858). Eye rather small, its diameter two fifths the length of the snout,. which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal ;, two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 183-199; anal entire; subcaudals 61-80 pairs. Above with broad black annuli; the anterior much wider than the red or reddish-brown interspaces between them; head black above, with a light occipital blotch or a narrow collar; the black annuli may be interrupted on the belly; the red scales. tipped with black. Total length 550 millim.; tail 115. Brazil. A, Annuli complete, broad. a, Yg. (V. 199; OC. 61). —? Messrs. Veitch [P.].. B, Annuli interrupted on the belly, all except the six or seven. anterior much narrower than the red interspaces, u, &. 3 (V. 186, 183; C. 77, 80). —? Zoological Society.. 7. Oxyrhopus formosus. Coluber formosus, Wied, NV, Acta Ac. Leop. Carol. x. 1820, i. p. 109, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 381 (1825), and Abbild. (1825). Duberria formosa, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 56 (1825). Lycodon formosus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 113 (1887). Oxyrhopus formosus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1022 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco,. p. 93 (1868). P Oxyrhopus leucocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1038. Eye rather small, its diameter one third to two fifths the length of the snout, which is rounded and feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter’ than the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+3,; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 182-203; anal entire; subcaudals 51-73 pairs. Body 154. oxyRHorus. 107 greenish in front, red behind, each scale with a black dot, with black annuli which are narrower on the belly than on the back; ~ head uniform orange. Total length 870 millim.; tail 165. Brazil. a. Q (V. 194; C. 67). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. b. 2 (V. 203; CO. 67). S. America. Liverpool Mus. [E.]. 8. Oxyrhopus labialis. Oxyrhopus labialis, Jan, Elenco, p. 93 (1863), and Icon. G'én. 35, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1870). — dorbignyi (non D. § B.), Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iv. fig. 3. Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout, which is rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (or three) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-201; anal entire; subcaudals 57-78. Pale brown or red above, with or without rhomboidal transverse spots ; head dark brown or blackish above; yellow beneath. Total length 760 millim. ; tail 130. Argentina. A. No dorsal spots; all the scales with a blackish terminal dot. a. & (V.172; 0.68). Argentina. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. B. A series of large rhomboidal transverse spots on the body and tail, the interspaces between them dotted with black. a. 9 (V. 201; C.61). Cosquin, Cordova. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. 6. Yg. (V. 194; C. 64). Salta. Herbert Druce, Esq. [P.]- 9, Oxyrhopus clathratus. Oxyrhopus clathratus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1026 (1854) ; Guichen. in Castein, Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 63, pl. xii.a@ (1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iii. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely prominent. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually fused with the prefrontal ; one preocular, 108 COLUBRID, just reaching the upper surface of the head but separated from the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 190-205; anal entire; subcaudals 66-85 pairs. Dark brown or blackish above, with yellowish cross- bars widening towards the belly and usually more or less inter- rupted on the back; yellow occipital collar, if present, narrow ; yellow beneath, posterior ventrals and subcaudals sometimes spotted with blackish. Total length 790 millim.; tail 170. Brazil. a, & (V.197; ©. 74). Porto Real, Prov. Rio M. Hardy du Dréneuf Janeiro. A : b. Yg. (V. 190; C. 74). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. 10. Oxyrhopus fitzingeri. Siphlophis fitzingeri, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 56, pl. viii. (1846). Oxyrhopus fitzingeri, Jan, Elenco, p. 93 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36, pl. v. fig. 1 (1870). ; Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout; snout rounded, slightly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 24+3;. eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 232-236; anal entire; subcaudals 77-81 pairs. Yellowish above, with numerous small black spots irregularly arranged ; upper surface of head speckled with black; a large black blotch on the nape; uniform yellowish beneath. Total length 980 millim. ; tail 190. Peru. a & (V. 232; C. 81). Peru, Prof. Nation [P.]. 11. Oxyrhopus clelia. Coluber clozlia, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 380, pl. xxviii. (1803), —— plumbeus, Wied, Reise n. Bras. i. p. 95 (1820), Beitr. i, p. 314 (1825), and Adbbdild. (1829); Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 152, pl. vi. figs. 3 & 4 (1837). ay aa Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 21, pl. vi. fig. 2 24), 154. oxyRHopus. 109 Clelia daudinii, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826). Duberria plumbea, Fitzing. 1. ¢. p. 56. Lycodon cloelia, part., Schleg. I. ¢. p. 114. Brachyruton plumbeum, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1005 (1854). — lols Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1007; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 684. Oxyrhopus plumbeus, Giinth. Cat. p. 189 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 414; Garm. Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, . 285. eee cleelia, Giinth. Cat. p. 189; Peters, Mon. Beri. Ac. 1873, p. 607 ; Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1887, p. 76. Scolecophis scytalinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 320. Brachyrhyton cloelia, part., Jan, Icon. Gén.35, pl. i. fig. 1 (1870). —— plumbeum, Jan, 1. ¢. fig. 3. Eye rather small, its diameter about one third the length of the snout in the adult; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually longer than deep, sometimes absent; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; seven (exception- ally eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 198-237; anal entire; subcaudals 64-93 pairs. Adult uniform dark grey, olive- grey or blackish above, yellowish white beneath, the subcaudals often spotted or margined with blackish. Young sometimes blackish above, but usually pale brown or red, with or without a dark brown dot on the end of each scale; head and nape blackish, with a more or less broad yellow area across the occiput and temples. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 340. A larger specimen, with injured tail, measures 2100 millim. to vent. Mexico and Central America; Tropical South America; Lesser West Indies. A. Scales in 19 rows. a 2 (V. 237; C. 81). Guatemala. ina of Jamaica b. Ye. (V. 233; C. 82). Panama, Zoological Society. ce. Yg. (V. 224; ©. 93). Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [0.]. , Colombia, d. & (V.211; C.79). Guayaquil. H. B. James, Esq. [P.7. ef. 9 (V.210; C.85) Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff (C.}, . (V. 203; C. 91). Peru. 3 (V. 214; C. 73), Peru. Warsaw Museum [P.]. 3 (V. 220; C. 90). Caracas. do (V. 206; C. 76). Berbice. Ye. (V.211; C.71). Demerara, Mr. Snellgrove [C.]. 1. Yg. (V. 208; C. 85). Surinam. 110 COLUBRIDZ. m,n. 9 (V. 231; C.?) Bahia. Dr, O. Wucherer [C.]. & yg. (V. 218 ; 0. 92). o. o (V. 218; C. 85). Sta. Catharina. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. p. Yg. (V. 204; C. 64). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.}, q,%. Siculls. Brazil. B. Scales in 17 rows. a-b. Yg. (V. 206, 201; City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. C. 83, 81). e-e. & (V.198; 0.75) W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. & @ (V. 215, 219; C. ?, ?). f: 2 (Vv. 232; C.?). Demerara. Capt. Sabine [P.]. g. 2 (V. 235; C. 72). Dominica. G. A. Ramage, Esq. C.]. h. & (V. 222; C. 82). St. Lucia. G. A. Ramage, Esq. [C.]. 12. Oxyrhopus maculatus. (Pxatz VI. fig. 2.) Snout broad, not prominent ; eye small. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two post- oculars; temporals 243; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 214; anal entire; subcaudals 51 pairs. Dark brown above and below, with scattered, irregular, yellowish-white spots. Total length 1400 millim. ; tail 180, Uruguay. a. Q (V. 214; C. 51). Uruguay. 13. Oxyrhopus occipitoluteus. Brachyruton occipitoluteum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1009 (1854); Guichen. in Casteln. Anim. nowy. Amér, Sud, Rept. p. 62, pl. xi. (1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. i. fig. 2 (1870) ; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. (4) iv. 1885, p. 236. Eye rather small; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preeocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head but widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a 154. oxyRrHoPus. 111 ‘little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 204— 215; anal entire; subcaudals 67-85 pairs. Greyish or brown above, uniform or scales edged with blackish; upper surface of head and nape blackish brown, with or without a yellow band across the 4emples and occiput; lower parts yellowish white, subcaudals edged with brown. Total length 820 millim. ; tail 145. Paraguay. a, & (V. 215; C. 67). Asuncion. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 14, Oxyrhopus rusticus. Brachyruton plumbeum, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1004 (1854). — cleelia, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. vi. fig. 8 (1870). Oxyrhopus rusticus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 92. Snout more conical and eye smaller than in O.clelia. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, small; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; seven (exceptionally eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as*or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 197-223 ; anal entire; subcaudals 44— 61 pairs. Yellowish brown or pale brown above, some or all of the ‘scales edged with blackish brown ; uniform yellowish beneath. Total length 1140 millim. ; tail 140. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. ab. Hgr. 9 (V. 223; 8S. Lorenzo, Rio Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. C. 44) & yg. (V. 201;, Grande do Sul. C. 61). e, & (V.197; C. 60). Buenos Ayres. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. de, § (V.211; 0.54) Argentina. 3 & 9 (V.210; 0.45). 15. Oxyrhopus coronatus. Pseudoboa coronata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 286 (1801). Boa coronata, Daud. Rept. v. p. 220 (1803). Scytale coronata, Merr. Tent. p. 91 (1820) ; Dum. & Bir. vii. p. 999 (1854). Lycodon cleelia, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 114, pl. iv. figs. 12 & 18 (1887). Scytale coronatum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858). Eye rather small, about one third the length of the snout in the adult ; snout broad, rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle above, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal; 112 COLUBRIDA, internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as- broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one prae- ocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 1+2, 2+2, or 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171-208; anal entire; subcaudals 80-97, single. Reddish or pale brown to blackish above,. paler brown or yellowish on the sides; upper surface of head and nape blackish, with or without a yellowish band across the temples: and occiput; beneath yellowish white. Total length 870 millim.; tail 200. A larger specimen, with. injured tail, measures 1060 millim. to vent. Guianas, Brazil. a. 3 (V.171; C. 84). Demerara. J. J. Quelch, Esq. [P.1.. 6b. S (V.177; C. 96). Para, Dr. E. A. Goldi te, ec. 2 (V. 190; C. 80). Para. d,e. 9 (V. 208; C. 83) Rio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. & yg. (V.199; C. 82). Ff. 2 (V. 201; C. ?). a Organ A E. Petre, Esq. ts. cals g. & (V. 199; CO. 82). Brazil. Dr. Gosdner [C.]. 16. Oxyrhopus neuwiedii. Scytale coronata, Wied, Abbdild. (1824); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 79; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. v. figs. 3 & 4 (1870). Lycodon cleelia, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 114 (1887). —— clelia, Trosch. in Schomb. Reise Brit. Guian. iii. p. 653 (1848). Scytale neuwiedii, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1001 (1854). —— coronatum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858). Olisthenes euphzeus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 296. Pseudoboa neuwiedii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 260, Olisthenes coronatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 107. Eye rather small ; snout obtuse, moderately projecting. Rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle above, the portion visible from above measuring about one half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one praocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+8; eight (excep- tionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior, Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 177-205; anal entire; subcaudals 64-96, single. Pale brown or whitish above, uniform or with a few scattered blackish spots; upper surface of head and 154. oxyRHOPUs. 113 nape dark brown or blackish, with or without a yellowish band across the temples and occiput ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 1180 millim.; tail 240. ~ Tropical South America; Panama. a, Yg. (V. 190; C. 64). Cayenne. H.O. Rothery, Esq,[P.]. hod @ (¥. 186; Csi) Catacan ny Ra & yg. (V. 190, 184; C. 71, 78). e. 3 (V. 189; C.?). Trinidad. : J. 2 (V. 190; C. ?). Trinidad, C. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. g. Her. (V. 198; C. 77). Bogota. C. Laverde, Esq. [P.]. hk. & (V. 188; C. 96). Panama. Mr. Fraser (C.]. i,k. 3 (V. 197; C.79) & S. America. 2 (V. 205; ©. 75). 17. Oxyrhopus guerini. Rhinosimus guerini, Dum. § Bidr. vii. p. 991, pl. lxxii, (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 10 (1858). Scytale neuwiedii, part., Dum. & Bibr. t.¢. p. 1001. —— coronatum, part., Giinth. 1. c. p. 187. Phimophis guerini, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 79, and 1862, p. 347. Scytale guerini, Jun, Elenco, p. 91 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 34, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1870). coronatum, Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 56; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. no. 198, 1895, p. 21. Rhinosimus, sp., F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 683. Eye rather small; snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting. Rostral large, nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion forming a right or acute angle and measuring at least two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, usually shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one praocular (rarely divided), not reaching the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales. in 19 rows. Ventrals 185-211; anal entire; subcaudals 70-99, single or only a few of the posterior in pairs. Adult dark brown or black above, with or without some large irregular whitish spots, yellowish white beneath ; young pale brown above, with the anterior half of the head and the nape blackish, the posterior half of the head yellowish white. Total length 1120 millim.; tail 250. Brazil, Paraguay. a. 3 (V. 200; C. 89). Corumba, Matto Grosso. Benger Moore, Esq. Bahia. Lord "Walsingham b-c. 3 (V.189; 0. 98) " & 9 (V. 205; C. 88). = VoL, III. I iN 114 COLUBRIDZ. d,e,f. 3 (V.197; C. 99), Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer (V. 203; C.?), & [C.]. yg. (V. 194; C. 90). g. & (V. 194; C. 98). Bahia. 2 A, i, k,l. 3 (V. 204; C. Pernambuco. J.P. G. Smith, Esq. 91), 2 (V. 192, 203; [P.]. C. 82, 80), & yg. (V. 201; C. 82). m. Yg. (V. 195; C. 77). Pernambuco. « 155. RHINOSTOMA. ? Rhinostoma, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Rhinostoma, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 992 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 91 (1863). Rhinostoma, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 8 (1858). Maxillary teeth 10, subequal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of moderately enlarged grocved teeth situated below the pos- terior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil; rostral very large, with sharp horizontal edge. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two TOWS. South America. 1. Rhinostoma guianense. Heterodon guianensis, Trosch. in Schomb, Reise Brit. Guian. iti. p. 653 (1848). Rhinostoma nasuum (non Wagl.*), Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 994 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 8 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 34, pl. v. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Rhinostoma guntheri, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 248. Snout short, turned up. Outline of rostral rounded, the lower surface of the shield broader than long, its upper surface at least as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the preefrontals; latter forming a short median suture or in contact with their inner angles only, or even narrowly separated from each other; frontal as long as.broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals’; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), widely separated from the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small, scale-like. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 168-209; anal entire; subcaudals * The Vipera (Rhinostoma) nasua of Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 171, is, to judge by the definition given, probably identical with Lystrophis dorbignyt, . & B. 156. THAMNODYNASTES. 115 56-70. Blackish above, the lateral scales edged with whitish, or pale yellowish brown with numerous small brown spots and a large blackish blotch on the nape; uniform whitish beneath. Total length 1030 millim.; tail 160. Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay. a-b,c. g (V.180; C.70), Carthagena, Colombia. | Q (V. 194; ©. 60), & yg. (V. 196; C. 56). ad. & (V.189; C. 70). Sta. Marta, Colombia. e. Her. 9 (V.168; C.53). Berbice, Brit. Guiana. Lady Essex [P.]. f. 2 (V. 209; C. ?). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 2. Rhinostoma vittatum. (Pratz Y. fig. 3.) Snout acutely pointed. Rostral subtrihedral, obtusely keeled above, its lower surface as long as broad, its upper surface as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly longer than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 199; anal entire. Pale yellowish brown above, with two dark brown longitudinal bands uniting on the nape; uniform whitish beneath. Total length (tail injured) 620 millim. Argentina. a. 3 (V.199; C. ?). Buenos Ayres. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. 156. THAMNODYNASTES. Dryophylax, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 181 (1830). ecandyiecie Wagl. lc. p. 182; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 163 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1183 (1854). Tomodon, part., Giinth. l. ec. p. 52. ; Mesotes, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 306. Maxillary teeth 13-18, subequal, followed, after an interspace: by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril in a ‘single or semidivided shield. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 12 116 f 7 oe i wa ty organ, COLUBRID pes Jit nh, a c 1. Thamnodynastes nattereri- Coluber nattereri, Mikan, Delect. Faun. Flor. Bras. pl. —. fig. 1 eso ; Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 277 (1825), and Abdid, 1830). aTebgiaa nats nattereri, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535. ; Dipsas nattereri, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 290 (1837) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1149 (1854). Thamnodynastes nattereri, Giinth. Cat. p. 164 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. ii. fig. 8 (1872); Boetty. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. lviii- 1885, p. 236. Tomodon strigatus, Giinth, 1. c. p. 52. ; Tachymenis hypoconia, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad, 1860, p. 247 ; Giinth. Zool. Rec, 1866, p. 126; Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, . 192. Mesotes obtrusus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 806, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1866). Thamnodynastes punctatissimus (mon Wagl.), Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 332. — mantener! var. levis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 195. strigatus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 487. Tachymenis strigatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Snout short, convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire or semidivided ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one prxocular (sometimes divided), not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven or nine) upper labials, two or three of which enter the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or more or less strongly keeled. Ventrals 137-160; anal divided; subcaudals 43-78. Brown or olive above, spotted or striped with darker; a yellowish vertebral stripe or series of spots may be present; head with dark undulous streaks or vermiculations; labial shields some- times barred with black; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish beneath, speckled and streaked with blackish. Total length 760 millim.; tail 170. South America east of the Andes. A. Scales strongly keeled. a. & (V.153; C.77). Santarem. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.]. b, be Res ee 160, 148; Tijuca R. R. Bennett, Esq. [P.]. de, Q’ (V. 144, 142; Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H.. v. Ihering [C.]. . 63, 59). SF. @ (V. 145; C. 70). = Brazil. Capt. J. Parish [P.]. g-h. & (V. 146, 145; Uruguay. C, 72, 75). z. ¢ skeleton. Uruguay. 157, tacHyMENis. 117 . B. Scales moderately keeled. a, b-c, § (V.151; C.73) Rio Janeiro, - Mrs. Fry [P.]. & @ (V. 150, 143; O. 67, 59). d-e. 3 (V. 145; 0.65) Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. & her. (V. 139; 6.55). ’ ©. Scales faintly keeled: a-c, Hgr. (V. 152,188, Demerara. Dr. Hancock [P.]. " 141;°C. 70, 60, 60). d,e. §-(V. 155; C. 78) Rio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V.148; C. 69). SF. (V. 154; ©. 69). Brazil, Dr. Gardner [P.]. D. Scales smooth. a. 2 (V. 144; C.48). — Aracati, N. Brazil. D. G. Rutherford, Esq. ; P 4, c-d. 3 (V..139, 142; Rio Grande do Sul. pe it v. Ihering [C.]. C. ?, 63), & her. (V. 136; C. 62). , e. 2 (V. 1383; C. 56). —? (Type of Tomodon strigatus.) 2. Thamnodynastes issimus: atl bh Bee oes Wagl. in Spix, Serp, Bras, p. 389, pl. xiv. fig. 1 A“ 24). - Dipsas punctatissima, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 292, pl. xi. figs, 33 & 84 re (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1151 (18654). ‘ , Sibon punctatissimus, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gaétting. i. 1843, p. 68, pl. i. figs. 13 & 14, Thamnodynastes punctatissimus, Giinth. Cat. p. 164 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 39, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1872). Very closely allied to the preceding, but body more slender, eye larger, rostral but little broader than deep, scales smooth, in 17 rows, and anal entire. Ventrals 137-159; subcaudals 80-96. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 150. Guianas, Brazil. a. & (V. 159; C. 88). Demerara. Mr. W. T. Turner [C.]. b. 3 (V. 144; C. ?). Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. e. 2 (V. 146; C. 80). —-? 157. TACHYMENIS. Tachymenis, Wiegm. N. Act. Ac. Leop-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 261. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837). Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1183 (1854), Tachymenis, part., Giiinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 33 (1858). g Mesotes, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 306. Peacaniinhyiace part., Jan, 1. c. p. 809. Maxillary teeth subequal, 10 to 15, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head scarcely 118 COLUBRIDE. distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic or sub- elliptic pupil; nasal shield single or semidivided. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows ; ventrals rounded, Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Bolivia, Peru, Chili. 1. Tachymenis peruviana. Tachymenis peruviana, Wiegm. N. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 252, pl. xx. fig. 1; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 275; Steind, Novara, Rept. p. 62 (1867). Coronella chilensis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 70 (1837) ; Guichen. in Gay, Hist. Chile, Rept. p. 79, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1854). Ophis peruana, Tschudi, Faun, Per., Herp. p. 58 (1845). Dipsas chilensis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1159 (1854). Tachymenis chilensis, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 226, and Gilliss’ U.S. Nav, Astron, Exped. ii. p. 218, pl. xxvii. figs. 1-6 (1855), and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p.173 (1858) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 34 (1858); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 247. Mesotes chilensis, Jun, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 308, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1866). Psammophylax assimilis, Jan, i. cc. p. 811, Icon. 19, pl. i. fig. 2. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; one or two pre- and two postoculars; tem- porals 142 or 2+38,; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, Ventrals 135-158 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 33-53. Yellowish or pale brown above, with darker spots or more or less distinct longitudinal streaks; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish or grey beneath, usually with small blackish spots often forming longi- tudinal series. Total length 530 millim.; tai 90. Bolivia, Peru, Chili. a. & (V. 144; C. 53), Aschiquiri, Bolivia. b. Q (V. 142; C. 44). Larecaja, Bolivia, e. fo (V. 185; C. 51). Lake Titicaca. J. B. Pentland, Esq. d. 2 (V.151; C. 39). Colchagua, Chili. - e. d (V. 145; C. 44). Coquimbo. Dr, Cunningham [P.]. S-9.2 (V.141; 0.49) & yg. Coquimbo. Dr. Coppinger [P. ]. (V. 140,146; C. 46, 36). h. 2 (V. 157; C. 43). Talcahuana. Dr. Coppinger [Ft tl. § (V. 158; C. 46) 8. Chili. Mr. A. Lane (C.J; & Q (V. 147; C. 45). H. B. James, Esq. Pi): m-n. 2 (V.148,151; C. Chili. _ 38, 33). o, Yg. (V.158; C. 46). Chili. 158. HEMIRHAGERRHIS. 119 2, Tachymenis affinis, (Pxarz VII. fig. 1.) Very closely allied to the preceding, but maxillary longer, with more numerous solid teeth, viz. 15 instead of 10 to 12, and scales in 17 rows. One preocular; iemporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 153; anal divided ; subcaudals 57. Brown above, darker on the four outer rows of scales, with a few small darker spots; a dark oblique streak behind the eye ; grey beneath, much spotted with black. en length 520 millim.; tail 110. eru. a, & (V. 153; CO. 57). Muiia. Mr. W. Davis [C.] ; Messrs. Veitch | P.]. 158. HEMIRHAGERRHIS. Hemirhagerrhis, Boetty. Zool. Anz, 1893, p. 119. Maxillary short, with 9 or 10 teeth gradually increasing in length and followed by an enlarged grooved fang situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal semidivided, the cleft horizontal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa. 1. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri, Boetty. t. c. p. 129 ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xvi. 1893, p. 729. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the. frontal; two postoculars; temporals 242, 243, or 2+4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 (exceptionally 19) rows. Ventrals 148-173; anal divided; subcaudals 61-78. Greyish or yellowish brown above, with a dark grey or olive, black-edged vertebral band and another on each side, passing through the eye; head lineolated with blackish ; upper lip blackish ; lower parts with brown longitudinal lines disposed in airs. : Total length 270 millim. ; tail 83. Somaliland, East Africa. a. 2 (V. 148; C. 72). British East Africa. : b. Hgr. (VY. 173; C. 61). Mombasa. D, J. Wilson, Esq. [C.]; G. Waller, Esq. [P.]. e, Hgr. (V. 150; C. 66), Thiriati, E. Kikuyu. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.]. 120 COLUBRID. 159. MANOLEPIS. Manolepis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176. Maxillary teeth 15, small, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated behind the vertical of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal single; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico. 1. Manolepis putnami. Dromicus putnami, Jan, Elenco, p. 67 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 24, pl. vi. fig. 8 (1867); Garm. N. Am. Rept. pp. 59, 153 (1883). Tomodon nasutus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 166; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 641 (1886). Manolepis nasutus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176. mEOO) (Ocyophis) putnami, Bocourt, op. cit. p. 714, pl. 1. fig. 8 Pislodsyas putnami, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 166 (1895). Eye about two thirds the length of the snout, which is truncate and rather prominent. Rostral much broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal elongate or absent (fused with the prefrontal); one preocular, extending to the upper strface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 171-186; anal divided; subcaudals 69-83. Yellowish or pale brownish above, with a brown, darker-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide ; head speckled with blackish, more closely on the lip ; lower parts whitish, speckled with brown. Total length 550 millim.; tail 140.—The young specimen in the Collection measures 265 millim. ; tail 63. Mexico. a, Yg.(V.176; C. La Cumbre de los Arrastrados, Dr. A.C. Buller 838). Jalisco, 8500 feet. [C.]. 160. TOMODON. Tomodon, part., Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 495, and Erp. Gén. vil. p. 982 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 52 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 322. Opisthoplus, Peters, Sitzb. Akad. Berl, 1882, p. 1148. Maxillary short, with 5 to 8 small teeth increasing in size and followed by a pair of enormous grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth a little larger than the posterior. 160. romovon. 121 Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nasal etitire or semidivided. Body cylindrical ; scales oblique, smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals in two rows. South ‘Amorion, Maxillary and mandible of Tomodon ocellatus. 1. Tomodon dorsatus. | Tomodon dorsatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 934 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. B 58 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1862, p. 823, and con. Gén, 19, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1866). Opisthoplus degener, Peters, Sitzb. Ak. Berl, 1882, p. 1149, fig. Snout short, very convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and:one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal; nasal elongate and in contact with ‘the preeocular, which is single ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 142; seven (exceptionally six) upper labials, third and fourth (or second and third) entering the eye; chin-shields short, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 184-143; anal divided; subcaudals 53-62. Brown or olive above, with a yellow vertebral stripe which may be confined to the nape; small blackish spots may be present on the back; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; -yellowish or pale olive beneath, uniform or speckled with darker. Total length 610 millim.; tail 150. _ Brazil. a. & (V. 186; C. 62 & Rio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. b-c. & (V. 139 ; C. Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. her. (V. 134; C. 5) 2. Tomodon ocellatus. ~ fomodon ocellatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 938 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 323, and Icon, Gén. 19, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1866). ; Snout short, very convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible “from above ; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance , from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; nasal entire or “ semidivided 3 loreal as long as dsp or deeper than long; one pre- 122 COLUBRID. and two postoculars; temporals1+2 or 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals 137-143; anal divided ; subcaudals 31-38. Yellowish or pale brown above, with two dorsal series of dark brown, black-edged roundish spots separated by a narrow light vertebral line; smaller spots on the sides; a large angular dark band on the back of the head, and one or two cross- bars between the eyes; two oblique dark streaks, one below and the other behind the eye; yellowish beneath, with squarish or roundish black spots. Total length 460 millim.; tail 70. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. a. & (V. 148; ©. 35). 8, Lorenzo, Rio Grande Dy. H.y. Ihering [C.]. do Sul. b. & (V. 187; 0.38). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. ce. 2 (V. 189; 0.381). Uruguay. d. & (V.141; C. 36). S.of R. de la Plata. Lieut. Gairdner [P.], e. Skull of 6. z 161. CONOPHIS. Tomodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1858, p. 495, and ip. cas vii. p. 932 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, . 322, Pa anctie part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 185 (1858). Conophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 519; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 800; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 642 (1886). Maxillary teeth 10, slightly increasing in size posteriorly, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of very large grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico and Central America; Southern Brazil, Synopsis of the Species. Scales in 19 rows; snout feebly projecting. 1. lineatus, p. 122. Scales in 19 rows; snout strongly pro- JeCtING cc aiwwees chee a Rae ke 2. vittatus, p. 123. Scales in 17 rows ........ eee cece eee 3. teniatus, p. 124. 1. Conophis lineatus. Tomodon lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 936, pl. xxiii. (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 234, and Icon, Gén. 19, pl. vie fig. 3 (1866) ; Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 406. Psammophis lineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 135 (1858). " Conophis concolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 318; Bocourt, Mass, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 648 (1886). 161. conorazs. 123 Conophis lineatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 808, and Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) viii. 1876, p. 187; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. Fi sosy pl. xxxvill. fig. 5; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 165 (1895). ——- pulcher, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 308; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 646, pl. xxxviii. fic. 6. Tomodon pulcher, Fooauld, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 408. Tachymenis lineata, Garm. N. Am. Rept, p. 60 (1883). Snout projecting. Upper portion of rostral measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as broad, a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal square or longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), not reaching the frontal; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 158-188 ; anal divided; subcaudals 66-78, Yellowish, greyish, or pale olive above, usually with six to ten black longitudinal lines, uniting to form three stripes on the head, the outer of which pass through the eyes; a black line or series of spots running along the outer row of scales; chin greyish or olive, spotted with white; rostral and labials greyish or blackish beneath ; lower parts white. Total length 780 millim.; tail 150. Mexico and Central America. A. Striped. (C. lineatus, D. & B.) a. 9 (V.171; C. 68). Mexico. b-c, d. § (V.170; C. Dueias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 78) & 9 (V. 171, 183; ©. ?, ?). e 2 (V. 163; C. 77). Cartago, Costa Rica. B. Uniform brownish above, with a dark brown stripe on each side of the head. (C. concolor, Cope.) a. @ (V.158; C. 66). Yucatan. 2. Conophis vittatus. Conophis vittatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 519, pl. —. fig. 3 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 644, pl. xxviii. fig. 7 (1886) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 165 (1895). —— sumichrasti, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 187. ? Conophis viduus, Cope, 7. ¢. Tomodon vittatus, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 407. Very closely allied to the preceding, but snout more prominent. and shorter, upper portion of rostral measuring at least half its distance from the frontal, and internasals broader than long. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Ventrals 147- 163; subcaudals 57-70. Cream-colour, with three dark brown or 124 COLUBRID. black stripes extending from the tip of the snout to the end of the tail; the outer stripe passing through the eye and extending along the second, third, and fourth rows of scales; the median stripe sometimes divided into two. ; as Total length 575 millim. ; tail 120, Southern Mexico. a. @ (V.161; C.65). Tehuantepec. ne Sumichrast b. 9 (V.163; 0.65). Santo Domingo de Dr. A.C. Buller [C.]. Vv ates Mr. H. H. Smith[0.] ec. fb (V. 158; C. 70). Tepetlapa, Guerrero. yr. H.H. Smi |; : ) ae F. OD. Godman, Eisq. [P.]. 3. Conophis teniatus. Philodryas teeniatus, Hensel, Arch, f. Nat. 1868, p. 3381; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 434. Snout scarcely projecting. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head ; two postoculars; temporals 1+2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 170; anal divided; subcaudals 74. Pale yellowish olive above, with an olive-brown, black-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide; a broader lateral dark stripe, covering the three outer rows of scales and the outer ends of the ventrals, bordered above by a black line running along the fourth row of scales; a fine line right along the outer row of scales; head olive, with darker variegations ; a white line from the rostral along the four anterior upper labials ; yellowish beneath, with a bluish-grey streak on each side. ms Total length 615 millim.; tail 150. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. 162. AMPLORHINUS. Amplorhinus, Smith, Ill, Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847). Dipsas, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1153 (1854). Coronella, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 34 (1858). Psammophylax, part., Jun, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 809. Tachymenis, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 117 (1882). Amphiophis (lapsu calamt), Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 307. Maxillary teeth 12 or 13, gradually increasing in size, followed by an enlarged, grooved tooth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nasal semi- divided. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. 162. aAmpLorginus. 125 1. Amplorhinus multimaculatus. sar multimaculatus, Smuth, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lvii. 1847). ae smithii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1162 (1854). Coronella multimaculata, Giinth. Cat. p. 88 (1858). Psammophylax multimaculatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 3810, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl. i. fig. 1 (1866) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Gies. 1887, p. 157. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 {rarely 14+2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, usually feebly keeled on the posterior part of the back and at the base of the tail, Ventrals 133-149 ; anal entire; subcaudals 60- 86, some of the anterior frequently entire. Olive or brown above, with two more or less distinct yellowish stripes and longitudinal rows of black spots ; bluish grey or olive beneath ; specs. A-i uniform - bright green above and beneath. Total length 495 millim. ; tail 115. Cape of Good Hope. a-e, 9 (V. 141, 140, Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 146; C. 66, 67, 60) (Types.) & hgr. (V. 187, 137; C. 89, 61). Q (V. 149; C. 60). Cape of Good Hope. Lord Derby [P.]. 3 (V. 142; 0.75). | Cape of Good Hope. 1.9 (V.142;C.76) ‘8. Africa. Dr. Quain [P.]. & her. (V. 144; C. 62). f g: h- 2. Amplorhinus nototenia. Coronella nototenia, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 309, pl. xxvi- fig. 1. Biacrnontelax rhombeatus ?, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. i, 1867, p. 224. —— viperinus, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. iv. 1878, p. 222. Ablabes hildebrandtii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p. 205, pl. ii. fig. 6; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst, i. 1884, p. 7. Tachymenis nototenia, Peters, Reise n. Mossamd. iii. p. 118 (1882). Amphiophis nototenia, Bouwleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1891, p. 307. Hewirhagerrhis hildebrandtii, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1893, p. 729. —— nototenia, Stejneger, 1. c. p. 730. Psammophylax nototenia, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 109 (1895), Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the’ end of the 126 COLUBRID. snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 2438; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all smooth. Ventrals 154-187; anal divided; subcaudals 59-98. Greyish or pale brown above, with two series of small blackish spots connected by a dark vertebral line; the spots and bands unite on the occiput and nape and form a more or less marked zigzag band; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; tail with three dark stripes: whitish or pale brownish below, spotted or speckled with brown. Total length 355 millim.; tail 85. Tropical Africa south of the Equator, East Africa. a, 3 (V. 187; C.73). Rios de Sena, Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [0], (Type.) & 3 (V. 183; C. 77). Cape McLear, Lake A. A, Simons, Esq. Nyassa. [C.]. e. 9 (V.171; 0.68). Lake Nyassa. J. B. Thelwall, Esq. 0.). The specimen from Caffraria referred by Peters to this species (Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 118) is no doubt specifically distinct, as it is stated to have 19 rows of scales and 137 ventrals. & 163, PSEUDABLABES. Maxillary teeth small, equal, 14, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated just behind the posterior border of the eye *; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, scarcely distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril in a single or semidivided nasal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 13 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. Southern Brazil, Uruguay. 1. Pseudablabes agassizii. For synonymy and description, see Vol. II. p. 259 (Contia agassizii), and add :— Philodryas paucisquamis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 286, * These fangs, hidden in the gum, were overlooked by Jan and myself. Their presence, first ascertained by Peters, has been pointed out to me by Count Peracca. 164, PHILopRYAs. 127 164. PHILODRYAS. Philodryas, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 185 (18380). Chlorosoma, Wagler, 1. ¢. Xenodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1837). Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. Ul. c. p. 178. Lygophis, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 52 (1845). Dryophylax, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1103 (1854). Callirhinus (non Cuv.), Girard, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 139 (1858). Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 123 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 83 (1863). Euophrys (non Koch), Giinth. l.c. p.189. Galeophis, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr. 1859, p. 181. Teleolepis, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos, Soc. xi. 1869, p. 153. Dirrhox, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Atomophis, Cope, 1. c. Maxillary teeth 12 to 15, subequal, anterior smallest, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck, with more or less distinct canthus rostralis; eye moderate or rather large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical or slightly compressed; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, disposed more or less obliquel in 17 to 23 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventrals 157 or more. A. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 rows; ventrals 184-201; sub- caudals 120-140 ............ 1. cestivus, p. 128. B. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 17 or 19 rows. 1. Ventrals distinctly angulate laterally, 206-228 ; subcaudals 106-1381; scalesin 19 rows.. 2. viridissimus, p. 129. 2. Ventrals rounded or indistinctly angulate. a. Rostral not much broader than deep. a. Internasals not longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 175-198; subcaudals 94-126; green above.... 3. olfersii, p. 129. ae Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 157-199; subcaudals 74-119 ; loreal not longer than deep ...... cc cece ee ee ences 4. schotti, p. 130. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 168-187; subcaudals 101-104 .............. 5. bolivianus, p. 132. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 184-204; subcaudals 82-96; loreal longer than [p. 182. WSOP is. ies Sc aha oan G eokaee s 6. psammophideus, 128 COLUBRID Ai 3. Internasals longer than broad; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 202 ; subcaudals 93. 7. vitellinus, p. 138. b. Rostral much broader than deep; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 184-215 ; subcaudals 97-125. 8, elegans, p. 1383. C. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 194-244, a. Snout obtuse or obliquely truncate. Subcaudals 114-124; loreal as long as deep; internasals shorter than the prefrontals............. Sasha teas 9. natterert, p. 184. Subcaudals 88-106; loreal longer than deep; internasals shorter than the preirotitals 3. cc koa weds eseaae 10. serra, p. 184, Subcaudals 135 ; loreal, if present, twice as long as deep; internasals as long as the prefrontals ................ 11. burmeisteri, p. 135. 6. Snout acutely pointed; subcaudals 132-135. 12. baroni, p. 136. II. Ventrals 145; subcaudals 134 .... 13. inornatus, p. 136. a 1. Philodryas estivus. Herpetodryas estivus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. p. 186 (1887), Dryophylax estivus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1111 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. iii. fig. (1879). Philodryas estivus, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). Dryophylax olfersii, part., Burm. Reise La Plata, ii. p. 529 (1861). Philodryas carinatus, Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 332. Tropidodryas zestivus,Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii, 1885,p. 192. Diameter of eye about half length of snout; latter rather pointed, prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Seales keeled, with double pits, in 21 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-201; anal divided; subcaudals 120-140. Uniform green above, yellowish beneath. : Total length 1050 millim.; tail 310. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, a Q (V. 201; C. 120), Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering (C.}, db. fo (V. 184; 0.121). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.], c-e. S (V.184,193;C. Uruguay. we 120) & 9(V. 188; fos (v. 192; C.140). Argentina. Zoological Society. nee 164, pHrtopRYas. 129 2. Philodryas viridissimus. Merrem, Beytr. i. p. 45, pl. xii. (1790). Coluber viridissimus, Linn. 8. Nii. p. 888 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p- 802 (1803). janthinus, Daud. t.c. p, 273. Herpetodryas viridissimus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 182, pl vii. figs. 10 & 11 (1837). Dryophylax viridissimus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1106 (1854), Philodryas viridissimus, part., Giinth. Cat, p. 123 (1858). i ane a Giinth, Ann. &§ Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 127, ix. fig P hilodryas erassifrons, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 559. Eye half length of snout. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, not quite reaching the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 1+2 or 1+83; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with double apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 206-228; anal divided; subcaudals 106-131. Uniform green above, yellowish green beneath. Total length 990 millim. ; tail 280. Guianas to Hastern Peru. a-b,c. & (V. 215, 223, Berbice. 212; C. 128,123,114). d. 2 (Vv. 218; C. 131). Demerara. e 2 he V. 225; ©. 126). Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq. [P.]. is V. 206; C. 106). Huallaga R. 3. Philodryas olfersii. : Coluber olfersii, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823). RE cae, Wied, Beitr, Nat. Bras. i. p. 344, and Abbild. (1825). erbeus, Wied, Zc. p. 349. Herpetodryas olfersii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 183, pl. vii. figs. 14 & 15 (1837). Dryophylax olfersii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1109 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. iii. figs. 2-4 (1879). Philodryas viridissimus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 123 (1858). —— oltfersii, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 124; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. liii. 1885, p. 234. Dryophylax olfersii, part., Burm. Reise La age li. ee 529 (1861). Philodryas reinhardti, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 128, pl. ix. fig. 7. ——latirostris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philud. 1862, r BP. 73 & 348, Dryophylax viridissimus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1879). Eye about two thirds length of snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long VOL, III. K 130 COLUBRID. as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 175-198; anal divided (rarely entire) ; subcaudals 94- 126. Green above, yellowish beneath. Total length 1160 millim. ; tail 330. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Eastern Peru, Argentina. A. Upper surface of head, and a more or less distinct vertebral line pale brown or reddish ; a black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye. (C. olfersii, Licht.; C. pileatus, Wied.) a,b,c. & (V. 190, 193; Brazil. Lord Stuart [P.]. C. 115, 112) & @ (V. 191; C. 104). d. 2 (V. 198; C.101). Brazil. Mr. Clausen io e. 9 (V. 190; C. 94). Rio Janeiro. G. Busk, as fd (V. 189; C.126). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. vy. me g8 h. B. C.). (V. 189; C.101). 8S. America. Hadas Collection. Skull. Brazil. Uniform green ; a black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye. (P. latirostris, Cope.) a. go (V. 189; C.112). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls[C.]. 6. 2 (V. 198; C. 102). Argentina. C. Uniform green; no postocular streak. (P. reinhardti, Gthr.) a, K As (V.194; C.106) Bahia. Dr, O.Wucherer [C.}. oe (Vv. 189; C.109). (Types of P. reinhardti.) 175 ; C. 114). Bahia. Haslar Collection. 4% WW. 191; C. ?). Pernambuco, J.P. G. Smith, Esq. Pa. e. Yg. (V. 181; C. 118). Pernambuco. W. Forbes, Esq. P.]. t-g. & (V.182; C.108) Moyobamba, N.E. Moca H. Roff [C.]. & 9 (V.190; 0.2). Peru. h, 2 (V. 188; C.104). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.}. 2. Yg. (V.178; C. 118). 8S. America. H. A. Evans, Esq. [P.]. ke 2 (V. 187; C. 103). 8. America, (Types of P. reinhardti.) 4. Philodryas schotti. eos schottii, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 91, pl. iii. figs. 8 & 9 887) Dryophylax schottii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p.1118 (1854); Casteln. Anim. nouv. Amér, Sud, Rept. p. 67 (1855) ; Jan, Teon. Gén. 49, pl. i. fig. 2 (1879). 164, PHILODRYAS. 131 Callirhinus patagoniensis, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1857, p. 182, and US, Explor. Exped., Herp. P. 189, pl. xii. figs. 1-6 (1858). Philodryas schottii, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858); Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 8382; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw, viii. 1885, p. 235; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 484. Euophrys modestus, Giinth. 1. c. p. 189, and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 29. ; Pseudophis schottii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 348, —— patagoniensis, Cope, J. ¢. Liophis pcecilostictus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1868, p. 189, and Icon, Gén. 18, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1865). Dirrhox patagoniensis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc, xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Eye about two thirds length of snout. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long, rarely a little longer than deep ; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but rarely reaching-the frontal ; two postoculars ; tem- porals 14+1,1+2, or 242; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 157-199; anal divided ; subcaudals 74-119. Yellowish or pale olive above, the scales usually edged with darker or lighter, with or without small black spots; two rather indistinct light lines may run along the back; sutures between the head-shields usually blackish ; yellow or white beneath, with the shields black-edged on the sides. Total length 1550 millim. ; tail 350. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Northern Patagonia. a & (V.170; C. ?). Pernambuco. J.P. G. Smith, Esq. le b. Yg.(V.164; 0.108). Bahia. - Dr. 0. Wucherer [C.]. ef (V.181; C.119). Porto Real, Prov. Rio M. Hardy du Dréneuf Janeiro. C.]. d. Yg.(V.193; 0.101). 8. José dos Campos, Mr. A. Thomson[P.]. Prov. S. Paulo. -g, h-i. §(V.191, 188; 8S. Lorenzo, RioGrande Dr. v. Ihering [C.]. C. 96,?), hgr.(V.190; do Sul. C. 96), & ye. (V. 199, 179; C.101,?). A. gr. (V.177; C.108). Rio Grande do Sul. 1. 2 (V. 185; 0.95). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. Bohls [C.]. m, 3 (V. 157; C.80). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. n-p,g-r.d (V.165,168; Soriano, Uruguay. R. Havers, Esq. [P.]. 0.101, 80), 2 (V. 178; C. 94), & yg. (V. 174, 169; C. 88, 75). & 9 (V.173; C. 74). Uruguay. : t. f (V. 180; C. 83). Buenos Ayres. G. bisa Esq. (P.}. K 132 COLUBRID. u. & (V.172; 0. 83). Rio Negro, Patagonia, F. Coleman, Esq. [P.], ? vw. f (V.171; C.938) — Haslar Collection. & 9 (V.178; C0. ?). (Types of Euophrys modestus ) x. Skeleton. Uruguay. y, % Skulls. Brazil. 5. Philodryas bolivianus. (Prarn IX. fig. 1.) Eye three fifths length of snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ;. frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; one preocular, in con- tact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 17 rows. Ventrals rounded, 168-187; anal divided; subcaudals 101-104. Olive above, with three darker, black-edged stripes; a black streak on the outer border of the parietal shields ; lower parts greyish olive, throat white. Total length 690 millim. ; tail 200. Bolivia. a-b. d (V. 187; 0.101) & Charobamba, yg. (V. 168; C. 104). 6. Philodryas psammophideus. Philodryas pat ad a Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 23, pl. iv. fig. A. Dirrhox lativittatus, Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Eye about three fifths length of snout. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 142 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-204; anal divided; subcaudals 82-96. Yellowish brown or pale olive above, with a brown vertebral stripe three or five scales wide ; this stripe edged with a black line or a series of small black spots ; a dark lateral stripe, extending to the eye; a whitish lateral stripe on the outer ends of the ventrals and the lower half of the outer row of scales, edged below by a black line or series of dots; lips yellowish, with a few black spots; belly yellowish, uniform or dotted with blackish. Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 280. Matto Grosso, Uruguay, Argentina. 164. pHInopRyas, 133 a. 2 (V.195; C. 91). Tucuman, (Type.) b. fb (V. 204; C. ?). Catamarca, Lord Dormer [P.]. ed. 3 (V. 188; C.?) Cordova. E. W. White, Esq. (C.]. & Q (V. 197; OC. 98). e fo (V. 191; C. 96). Argentina. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. JF 2 (V.198; C. 95). Uruguay. 7. Philodryas vitellinus. Dryophylax vitellinus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 33, Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals longer than broad; frontal long and narrow, longer than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, nearly reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 14+1; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals 202; anal divided; subcaudals 93. Yellow, strongly tinged with brown above, and with orange on the labial plates and lower surfaces, Pacasmayo, Peru. 8. Philodryas elegans. Lygophis elegans, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 53, pl. vi. (1845) ; Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 163 (1858). Dryophylax freminvillei, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1115 (1854). Dromicus rufodorsatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 1380 (1858). — pleaanes Jan, Elenco, p. 67 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 25, pl. i. fig. 2 (1867). Philodryas freminvillii, Jan, li. cc. p. 83, Icon. 49, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1879), Tachymenis canilatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 104. Lygophis pescilostomus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 180. Dryophylax elegans, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xvii. 1878, p. 34. Tachymenis elegans, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 312. Eye about half as long as the snout. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two (exceptionally three) postoculars ; temporals 1+1,1+42, or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-215; anal divided; subcaudals 97-125. Yellowish, greyish, or pale brown above, with darker, black-edged spots disposed in paired or single longitudinal series on the back ; these spots may be accompanied or replaced by a dark vertebral stripe; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, sometimes continued along the body; upper lip yellowish, 134 COLUBRID. usually with dark dots; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted or speckled with blackish. Total length 1020 millim. ; tail 300. Ecuador, Peru, Northern Chili. a-b. 2 (V. 202, 203; ‘Tacna, Peru. J.G. Fischer Collection. C. 102, 97). c-e. Yg. (V. 209, 215, Lima, J. M. Cowper, Esq. [P.].. 207; C. 112, 123, 117). J. Her. (V. 218; C.123). Id. of San Lorenzo, College of Surgeons. Peru, g-t 3& (V. 208; 0.125) =‘ Peru. T. Scott, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V. 200, 200; C. 112, 107). k-m. 8 (V.200;0.109), Peru. Q (V.201; C. 102), & yg. (V. 184; C. 108). mn. Yg. (V.190; C2). Chili. o. & (V. 207; 0.2). ae Hissar Coll. | re p- 2 (V. 210; C.111). —? S Gorsatus.) 9. Philodryas nattereri.* Philodryas nattereri, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxii. 1870, p. 345, pl. vii. figs. 1-3. Eye two thirds the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout and than the parietals; loreal as long as deep ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three post- oculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 203-225; anal divided; subcaudals 114-124. Olive above ; a yellow line on each side bordering the upper surface of the head; a yellow, black-edged streak along the upper lip; yellowish beneath, with a blackish line along each side of the belly;. throat brown, with small yellowish spots. Total length 895 millim.; tail 275, Matto Grosso. 10. Philodryas serra. a serra, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 180, pl. vii. figs. 1 & 2 Dryophylax serra, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1118 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1879). Philodryas serra, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). ? Galeophis jani, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr. 1859, p. 181. Teleolepis striaticeps, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 158.. Tropidodryas serra, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 192. * J have examined a male specimen (V. 203 ; C. 124), the type of Philodryas molorchinus (Berthold), Jan, Elenco, p. 84, preserved in the Gottingen Museum, and for the loan of which I am indebted to the kindness of Prof, Ehlers. A description of it has never been published, so far as I am aware, 164, PHILODRYAS. 135 Eye about half the length of the snout; latter truncate, with more or less concave lores. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), twice as broad above as below, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; three postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 3+3 or 4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales with double apical pits, in 21 rows, smooth or more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals rounded, 194-244; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 88-106. End of tail, in the young, somewhat swollen, with the scales raised. Greyish or brown above, with large dark transverse angular spots or bars, which may be bordered with whitish on the sides; head with interrupted longitudinal dark streaks and a dark lateral streak passing through the eye; lips spotted with blackish ; belly brownish or greyish, with darker or lighter spots; end of tail whitish in the young. Total length 1010 millim.; tail 200. Brazil. a. Her. (V. 205; A.2; Porto Real, Prov. M. Hardy du Dréneuf C. 101). Rio Janeiro. [C.]. b. Yg. (V. 194; A.2; Theresopolis, Prov. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]. C. 104). Rio Janeiro. e-d. Yg. (V. 230, 233; Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. A. 1, 2; ©. 106, 103). e. 9 (V. 226; A.1; C. — Brazil. Zoological Society. 98). SF 9 (V. 218; A.1; C. Brazil. Liverpool Museum. 88). 11. Philodryas burmeisteri. Herpetodryas trilineatus, Burmeister, Reise La Plata, i. p. 309 (1861).—No proper description. Dryophylax burmeisteri (Jan), Burm. op. ¢. ii. p. 529 (1861); Jan, Elenco, p. 84 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 49, pl. v. (1879). Atomophis trilineatus, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 59. Eye about half as long as the snout, which is prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep, usually fused with the _ prefrontal; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior Scales smooth, with partly single, 136 COLUBRID. partly double pits, in 23 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 211; anal entire; subcaudals 135. Young cream-colour above, with three dark brown stripes, the outer extending to the end of . the snout, passing through the eyes; rostral and labials white; the stripes may disappear in the adult; lower parts whitish. Total length (young) 410 millim. ; tail 120. Mendoza, Catamarca. a, Yg. (V. 211; C, 135). ~ Catamarca. Lord Dormer [P.]. 12. Philodryas baroni. Pusan baroni, Berg, An. Mus. Buen. Ayres, iv. 1895, p. 189, g. Eye not one third the length of the snout, which is very promi- nent and acutely pointed. Rostral deeper than broad, confined to the lower surface of the snout, the upper surface being occupied by two or more small shields in front of the internasals; frontal once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the parietals; loreal thrice as long as deep ; one procular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars ; temporals 1+ 2 or 2+ 2 ; eight (exceptionally seven or nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single pits, in 21 or 23 rows. Ven- trals 224-231; anal entire; subcaudals 132-135. Green or reddish above, the scales and shields sometimes edged with black; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip white; a black vertebral line may be present on the anterior half of the body; greenish white beneath, the shields sometimes edged with black. Total length 1430 millim. ; tail 410, Argentina (Tucuman and Chaco), 13. Philodryas? inornatus. Dryophylax inornatus, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1127 (1854).* Rostral well visible from above; internasals a little smaller than the prefrontals ; frontal much elongate ; two loreals; one pre-and three postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials. Scales in 18 rows, dorsals keeled. Ventrals 145; anal entire; subcaudals 134. Head yellowish brown above, spotted with black on the sides; body greyish olive, finely speckled with black; a few black blotches on the neck. Total length 935 millim.; tail 355. Habitat unknown. . * The specimen, I am informed, is not to be found in the Paris Museum. On p. 754 Duméril & Bibron identify the snake with Boie’s Xenodon inornatus, which does not at all agree with their description. 165, IALTRIs. 1387 165. IALTRIS. Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 123 (1858). Taltris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 73. Maxillary teeth 14, increasing in size, the last large and fang- like and followed, after a considerable interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated just behind the posterior border of the eye; the five or six anterior mandibular teeth increasing in length and followed by a toothless space. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Santo Domingo. Maxillary and mandible of Jaltris dorsalis, 1. Ialtris dorsalis. (Pave VII. fig. 2.) Philodryas dorsalis, Giinth. Cat. p. 126 (1858). Taltris vultuosa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 73; Garm. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Dromicus mentalis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 128, 1. ix. fig. 9. Jaltris dorsalis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 278. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, nearly as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven ‘upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in eontact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals 180-188 ; anal divided; subcaudals 102-110. Olive above, with large black blotches ‘anteriorly which may be wholly or partially confluent, posteriorly with small irregular light spots; yellowish beneath, speckled with olive, with or without small blackish spots. Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 350. Santo Domingo. a. & (V. 180; C. 102). 8. Domingo. M. Sallé (C.J. (Type.) b. g (V. 181; C. 110). -——?P (Type of D. mentalis.) 138 COLUBRID Z. 166. TRIMERORHINUS. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1887). Trimerorhinus, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. (1847). Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1183 (1864). Psammophylax, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 81 (1858). Psammophylax, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 309, Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, subequal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, between two nasals and the internasal. Body cylin- drical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Africa south of the Equator; East Africa. Synopsis of the Species. Rostral at least as deep as broad ; eye as long as its distance from the nostril.... 1. rhombeatus, p. 138. Rostral as deep as broad ; eye shorter than its distance from the nostril .......... 2. triteniatus, p. 139. Rostral slightly broader than deep; eye shorter than its distance from the nostril. 3. variabilis, p. 140. 1. Trimerorhinus rhombeatus. Seba, Thes. ii. pp. 17, 20, 84, pls. xv. fig. 2, xix. figs. 3 & 4, lxxix. fig. 2 (1735). Coluber rhombeatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 27, pl. xxiv. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N. 1. p. 380 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 119 (1803). Coronella tigrina, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 87 (1768). Coluber tigrinus, Gel. S. N. i. p. 1118 (1788). Coronella rhombeata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 589; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. : p. 70, pl. ii. figs. 14 & 15 (1887). Ccelopeltis rhombeata, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxxii. (1833). ae rhombeatus, Smuth, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. lvi. 1847). Dipsas rhombeata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1154 (1854). Psammophylax rhombeatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 31 (1858); Jan, Arch. pa Anat. Phys. ii. 1868, p. 8309; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 108 (1895). —— ocellatus, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. iv. 1873, p. 221. thombeatus, var, trilineatus, Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1883, p. 156. —— rhombeatus, var. biseriata, F. Mill, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, X« 1892, p. 202. Snout rather prominent, with obtusely angular canthus. Rostral very variable in shape, at least as deep as broad, frequently much deeper than broad, more or less deeply wedged in between the internasals, which it often entirely separates; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, usually longer than the parietals ; 166, TRIMERORHINUS. 139 loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one praxocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two post- oculars ; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven or nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140- 183; anal divided; subcaudals 62-79. Coloration very variable. Greyish, yellowish, or pale olive-brown above, with brown black- edged markings, which may form three or four longitudinal series of round or rhomboidal spots or be partially or entirely confluent into three undulous or straight longitudinal bands; a yellow vertebral line sometimes present; a dark band on each side of the head, passing through the eye, widening behind and often joining its fellow on the occiput, sometimes broken up into spots; upper lip yellowish white, uniform or with black spots; tail with three dark stripes ; lower parts white, dotted or spotted with bluish grey or black. : Total length 850 millim.; tail 170. South Africa. a-e. @ (V. 160, 149, Cape of Good Hope. 151; C. 71, 68, 71) & ye. (V. 152, 162; C. 70, 69). fh. Her (V. 153; Cape of Good Hope. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk ene Pj; aw. 142; C.70), Simon’s Bay. Pat ‘Challenger.’ ae (V. 148; C. 67), a Bis (Vv. 161 ; 2) k-l. g PS 162, 156; Port Elizabeth. Mr. J. L. Drege [P.]. C, ?, 71). m. 2 (v. 171; 0.66). Port Natal. j Rev. H. Callaway [P.]. ie Hae (V. 160; Johannesburg, Transvaal. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk [P.]. o. 9 (V.177; C. 62). Humbe, Angola. Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. p-v, w-a. 5 (V. 157, S. Africa. 147; C. 69, 68), 9 (V. 155, 159, 164, 170, 172, 176, 162, 153), & her.(V. 171, 151; ©. 75, 69). B, y. Skulls. 8. Africa. 2. Trimerorhiuus triteniatus. Bhagerrhis triteniata, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, . 423, pl. xix. fig. H; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 110, pl. xa. tig. if 1895). Coronella tritenia, Giinth. in Oates, Matabele Land, p. 329, pl. C (1881 Posinmophylax triteeniatus, Peters, Reise n. Mossamé, iii. p. 119 (1882). 140 COLUBRID. Agrees in structural characters with 7. rhombeatus except in having a smaller eye, the diameter of which is less than its distance from the nostril. The rostral shield, which is as deep as broad, is wedged in between the nasals, but does not separate them behind; its upper portion measuring at least half its distance from the frontal. Ventrals 149-170; subcaudals 538-66. Greyish or pale brown above, with two or three dark brown, black-edged bands originating on the head and extending to the end of the tail, the outer passing through the eye, the vertebral sometimes rather indistinct or absent; a fine yellowish line sometimes divides the vertebral band; the sides below the bands white, with a pale brown or red streak running along the outer row of scales; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 740 millim. ; tail 150. Tropical Africa south of the Equator; East Africa. a. 3 (V.160; C. 60). S.E. Africa. (Type.) b. Yg. (V. 163; 0.58). Waterberg District, Trans- W, a Distant, Esq. vaal. e. & (V. 152; C.60). Pietersburg, Transvaal. C. te ‘ones, Es ae d. 9 (V. 162; C. 58). Matabeleland. F. Oates, Esq. (Type of Coronella a) eg. & (V. 160; Ilalamabeeli, Kalahari R. J. Cuninghame, C. 65) & 9 (V. 162, Desert. Esq, [P.]. 3; C. 56, 53). 3 OV. 156, 149; Zomba, Brit. Central Sir H. H. Johnston a 61, 57). Africa. [Ft k-l. 2 Vv. 162, 150; Chiradzulu, Brit. Central Sir H. H. Johnston C. 55, 54). Atrica. [P.]. m. Her. (V. 149; Fwambo, Brit. Central A. Carson, Esq. [C.]. C. 55). Africa. n-o. 9 (V. 165, Mpwapwa, E. Central 166 ; C. 66, ?). Africa. Dp ole (Vv. 170; Kibibi Basin, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory P.). q. Skull of o. Pd 3. Trimerorhinus variabilis. Psammophylax variabilis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 557, pl. xxxv. Agrees with 1. triteniatus, but rostral shield slightly broader than deep, its upper portion measuring about one third its distance from the frontal. Ventrals 157— 169 ; subcaudals 52-60. Pale olive to blackish above, uniform or with three dark, black-edged longitudinal bands and a fine yellowish vertebral line ; belly olive- to lead-grey. Total length 770 millim.; tail 130. Nyassaland. a-d. § (V. 157; ©. 55) Shiré highlands. Sir H. H. Johnston & 2 (V. 169, 162, 168; C. 57, ?, 60). e. 2 (V. 162; C. 52). [P.]. (Types.) Zomba, Brit. Central Sir H. H. Johnston, Africa. [P.]. 167. ca@LoPELrrs. 141 167. CHLOPELTIS. Malpolon, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Psammophis, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 201 (1837). Celopeltis, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 189 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1129 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 138 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1863); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc, xiii. 1891, p. 151. Rhabdodon, Fleischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 26 (1831). Bothriophis, Eichw. Reise Kasp. M. u. Kauk.i. p. 748 (1837). Rhagerhis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1862, p. 274. Coelopeltis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1863). Maxillary teeth 10 to 17, subequal, followed by one or two very large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with more or less prominent snout, angular canthus rostralis, . and projecting supraocular ; eye large, with round pupil; nostril a crescentic slit in a single or divided nasal; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, more or less distinctly grooved longi- tudinally in the adult, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals. rounded. Tail moderate or rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. Southern Europe, South-western Asia, North Africa. Fig. 8. Maxillary and mandible of Celopeltis monspessulana. 1. Celopeltis monspessulana. Coluber monspessulanus, Hermann, Obs. Zool. i. p. 283 (1804); Duges, Ann, Se, Nat. (2) iii. 1835, p. 187, pl. Vb. figs. 1-6. Natrix lacertina, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 18, pl. v. (1824). Malpolon lacertinus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826). Coluber rupestris, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mér. iii. p. 91 (1826). —— insignitus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 147, 161, pl. vii. fir. 6, and Suppl. pl. v. figs. 2 & 3 (1827). ieee Duges, Ann. Sc. Nat. xii, 1827, p. 394, pl. xlvi. Rhabdodon fuscus, Fleischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 26, pl. ii. (1831). Coluber fuscus, Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amph. p. 26 (1882). virens, Dwigubsky, 1. c. —— vermiculatus, Ménétr. Cat. Rats. p. 72 (1832). —— flexuosus, Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iv. 1882, p. 574, 142 COLUBRID. Ceelopeltis monspessulana, Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. ii. 1836, p. 229, pl. x.; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1838); Bedriaga, Bull, Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 311; Boettg. Sitzb. Ak. Berl. 1888, p. 177; Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Colubr. p. 5, pl. ii. figs. 12 & 13 (1891); Bedriaga, Instituto, xxxviii. 1890, p. 186. Psammophis lacertinus, Schleg, Phys. Serp. ii. p. 203, pl. viii. figs. 1-3 (1837). Bothriophis distinctus, Eichw. Reise Kasp. M. u. Kauk, i. p. 748 (1837). Ceelopeltis lacertina, Hichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 154 (1841); Guichen. Explor, Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 23 (1850) ; Ginth. Cat. p. 188 (1858) ; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 67 (1862), and Schl. Russ. R. p. 179 (1873); Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 221, fig. (1875) ; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. xlix. 1877, p. 287, Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879- 80, p. 162, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 103; Tristram, Faun. Palest. pl. xiv. (1884) ; Bowleng. Tr. Zool. Soc, xiii. 1891, p. 151; Tomasini, Mitth. Bosn. Herz. ii. p. 630 (1894). vermiculata, Lichw. 1. c. p. 155, pl. xxix. Coluber monspessulana, var. neumayeri, Bonap. 1. e. —— monspeliensis, Gerv. Ann. Sc, Nat. (3) x. 1848, p. 205. Ccelopeltis insignitus, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1130 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl.i. figs. 2 & 3 (1870); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. ix. 1874, p. 161; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 50 (1874). Snout projecting, rounded, with angular raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal very narrow, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; two loreals ; preocular large, forming a suture with the frontal, encroaching on the supraccular; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 243 or 4; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales longitudinally grooved, in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 160-189; anal divided; subcaudals 68-102. Olive, brown, yellowish, or reddish above, with or without dark, light- edged spots; sides often blackish, with whitish dots; head, in the young, with dark symmetrical markings ; yellowish white beneath, uniform or spotted, clouded, or streaked with brown or olive. Total length 1800 millim. ; tail 350. Borders of the Mediterranean (in the Italian Peninsula only in Liguria), eastwards to the Caucasus and Persia. a, 6b. Q (Se. 19; Valencia, Spain. Lord Lilford [P.]. V. 184; ©. 91) & ; ye. (Sc. 19; V.177; C. 87). . e-d. Her. (Se. 19; Nice. Count Peracca [P.]. V.181; C.?) & yg. (Sc. 19; V. 176; C. ?). e. 2 (Sc.17; V. 163; Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F, Werner [E.]. CO. 75). St a 19; V.174; g-h. Her. (Se. 19; Vv. im; C. 88) & yg. (Se. 19; V.175; C. 90). ik of (Se 19; V. 180; ©. ?) & her. (Sc. 19; V. 174; C. 94). 1.Yg. (Sc.19; V.169; C. 93). m,n, o 3d (Se. 19; V. 167; C. 87) & (Sc. 19; V. 174, 170; CO. 90, 92). p. 9 (Sc. 19; V. 169; C. 102). q,7, 8 Hgr. (Se. 19; V. 169, 174, 170; C. 93, 83, 95). tu. ¢ (Se 19; V.171; C.95) & 9 (Sc. 19; V. 170; CO. 93). vy. b (8c. 17,19; V. 161, 165; C.?, 82), (Sc. 17; V.164; C. 85), hgr. (Se. 17 ; V. 164, 163, 160; C. 82, 80, 97), & yg. (Sc. 19, 17 ; V. 166, 161; C. ?, 84). 6 9 (Sc. 19; V.173; C. 88 6 € 9(Se.19; V.177, 168; C. 89, ?). n. & (Se. 19; V.176; C. 88 6. 3 (Se. 17; V.171; ” 6, 84). t. Skeleton. x. Skull. r. Skull. 167. c@LoPELtts. Tangier, Tangier. Mogador, Algiers, Tunis. Duirat, S. Tunisia. Tripoli. Alexandria, Cyprus. Jerusalem. Galilee. Mt. Carmel. Shiraz, Persia. Morocco. Montpellier. Algiers. 2. Celopeltis moilensis. 143 Mr. Fraser [C.]. M. H. Vaucher [C.]. Zoological Society. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. J. Ritchie, Esq. [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Lord Lilford [P.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Coluber moilensis, Reuss, Mus. Senckend. i. p. 142, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1834). Coelopeltis producta, Gerv. Mém, Ac. Montp. iii. 1857, p. 512, pl. v. fig. 5; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 68 (1862) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1870); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 151; Anders, Proe. Zool, Soc. 1892, p. 20; Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 85. Rhagerhis producta, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 275, pl. —. fig. 3; Murray, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 104, Ccelopeltis moilensis, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 656, 144 COLUBRID. Snout projecting, obtusely puinted, with angular canthus. Rostral at least as deep as broad, wedged in between the internasals, its upper surface one half to two thirds as long as its distance from. the frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal as broad as the supraocular, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular (rarely divided), usually not reaching the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 3 (rarely 1+2); eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very indistinctly grooved, in 17 rows. Ventrals 159-176 ; anal divided; subcaudals 48—73.. Pale buff or sandy grey above, with brown or blackish spots ; one or two oblique brown or blackish bars on each side of the head behind the angle of the mouth; lower parts white, uniform or spotted with brick-red. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 190. Northern Sahara, from Algeria to Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Western Persia. a, 9 (V. 159; C. 48). Duirat, S. Tunisia. Dr J. Anderson [P.], b. Her. (V. 159; C, 54). Abu Roash, nr. Cairo, Dr. J. Anderson | P.}. e. 9 (V. 178; 6. 55). Dooroor, N. of Suakin. Dr. J. Anderson |P.}. d. Q (V. 174; C. 54). Suakin. Dr. J. Anderson pt e. Hey. (V. 176; C. 59). Nubia. Prof. Peters [P.]. J @ (V.176; ¢. 53). Aden. Col. Yerbury [P.]. gy. od (YV. 176; C.78). Hadramaut. Dr. J. Anderson Pi. hk. @ (V. 172; C. 64). Muscat. = 8S. G. Jayakar, zt. 2 (V.168; C. 52). — Bushire. ue wu Murray 168. RHAMPHIOPHIS. Rhamphiophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. de. 1854, p. 624, and Reise n. Mossamé. iii. p. 123 (1882). Dipsina, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ti. 1862, p. 1313. Ceelopeltis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1863). Maxillary short, with 6 to 9 teeth gradually increasing in length and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of very large grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck, with projecting snout; rostral large, hollowed out beneath; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, in a divided or a semidivided nasal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. 168. RHAMPHIOPHIS, 145 Fig. 9. Skull of Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus. Synopsis of the Species. I. Preocular not reaching the frontal. Scales in 19 rows on the body; ventrals 230- 241; subcaudals 154-160; upper portion of rostral measuring two thirds its distance from the frontal «is cree ewes owe we esas eee oe 1, rubropunctatus, Scales in 17 rows on the body; ventrals 148- . [p. 146° 192; subcaudals 90-110; upper portion of : rostral as long as or a little shorter than “"~!"' its distance from the frontal.............. 2. oxyrhynchus, Scales in 17 rows on the body; ventrals 171- [p. 146. 182; subcaudals 66-88; upper portion of rostral half as long as its distance from the frontal, seit qos luvulemeueaswew alten « 3. togoensis, p. 147. II. Preocular forming a suture with the frontal; scales in 17 rows on the body. Ventrals 172-185 ; subcaudals 59-63 ........ 4. acutus, p. 148. Ventrals 155-168; subcaudals 31-40........ 5. multimaculatus, [p. 148. VoL, II. L 146 COLUBRID. 1. Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus. Dipsina rubropunctata, Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 7, pl. i. fig. 3. ; Rhagerrhis rubropunctatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 827, Snout rounded, with obtusely angular horizontal edge. Rostral broad above, measuring two thirds its distance from the frontal, narrowed and J-shaped beneath; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, longer than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; preocular single or divided, not reaching the frontal, its upper portion resting on the loreal; two postoculars; temporals 2 or 344; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer and much broader than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (21 or 23 on the neck). Ventrals 230-241; anal Givided ; subcaudals 154-160. Brown or reddish brown above, uniform or dotted with red; head reddish, without dark markings; upper lip and lower parts yellowish. Total length 1020 millim.; tail 340. Kilimandjaro, E. Africa. a, gd, bad state (V. 230; Kilimandjaro. Sir H. H. Johnston, C. [P.]. 2. Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus. Psammophis oxyrhynchus, Reinh. Vid. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 244, pl. i. figs. 10-12. Rhamphiophis rostratus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 624, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 124, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1882). Ccelopeltis oxyrhynchus, Jan, Elenco, p. 89 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 34, pl. i. fig. 1 (1870); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, 682. Rhagerthia unguiculata, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 422, pl. xix. fig. G. Ceelopeltis porrectus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. ii. fig. 1. Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 126. pues oxyrhynchus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 327, Snout obtusely pointed, with angular horizontal edge, somewhat hooked in profile. Upper portion of rostral as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal about twice as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two or three preoculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals small, 2 or 3+ 3 or 4; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fifth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in con- tact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than 168, RHAMPHIOPHIs, 147 the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (21 or 23 on the neck). Ventrals 148-192; anal divided; subcaudals 90-110. Yellowish or pale ‘brown above, uniform or with small red or dark brown spots, or with dark brown margins to the scales ; a blackish shade in front of and behind the eye; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 1380 millim.; tail 420. Tropical Africa. ag) (V. 151, 148; ©. 94, Lamu, E. Africa. F, J. Jackson, Esq. P. 100). [P.]. e. Yg. (V. 188; C.?). Taveta, E. Africa, K. Anstruther, Esq. PY, d. & (V.171; ©.?). Taro Plains, E, Dr. 3 . W. Gregory Africa, [P.]. e. Yg. (V. 177; ©. 99). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Type of R. unguiculata.) Sg. & (V. 178; C. 108) Coast of Zanzibar. & 9 (V. 157; C. 108), A. Yg. (V. 168; C. 103). Coast of Zanzibar. F, Finn, Esq. [P.]. 2. Her. (V.192; C.110). Mpwapwa, interior of ast Africa, k. Hgr. (V.170; ©. 90). Fort Johnston, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston, C. Africa, [P.]. J. Skull. Mombasa. m, Skull. Kavironda, E. Africa. * 2 5 Jackson, Esq. 3. Rhamphiophis togoensis. Psammophis acuta (non Giinth.), Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 615, —— togoensis, Matschie, Mitth. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 1898, p. 212. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion half as long as its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two preoculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 2+-3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 on the neck). Ventrals 171-182; anal divided ; subcaudals 66-88. Olive- brown above, with a darker vertebral line, and a black lateral stripe extending to the end of the snout and passing through the eye; upper lip, sides below the black lateral stripe, and lower parts white; a black line along each side of the belly. Total length 220 millim. Togoland, West Africa. a. Yg. (V. 182; C.?) Togoland. Berlin Museum [E.]. L2 148 COLUBRID, 4. Rhamphiophis acutus. Psammophis acutus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 327, pl. xix. fig. D. , Rhagerhis acuta, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 111, pl. xa. fig. 2 (1895), Snout short, acutely pointed. Rostral tetrahedral, its upper portion nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals. as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, longer than the parietals; loreal a little deeper than long; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 or 21 on the neck). Ventrals 172-185; anal divided; sub- caudals 59-63. Pale brown above, with two dark brown, black- edged bands passing through the eyes and extending to the end of the tail; a third band is confined to the head and nape; lateral band edged with white below; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 925 millim.; tail 160. Angola. a. d (V.185; C. 59). Pungo Andongo. Dr. Welwitsch [P.]. (Type.): 5. Rhamphiophis multimaculatus. Coronella multimaculata, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lxi. (1847). Dipsina multimaculata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 1813, and Icon. G'én. 19, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1866) ; Boetig. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1886, p. 4. Rhagerrhis multimaculata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii 1866, p. 25. Snout pointed. Rostral as deep as broad, its upper portion nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little longer than broad, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one pre- ocular (rarely divided), forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+ 3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 155-168; anal divided; subcaudals 31-40. Pale buff or sandy grey above, with three or five series of regular brown spots, the vertebrals broader than long ; a A-shaped brown marking on the occiput; an oblique brown streak behind the eye; lower parts white. Total length 395 millim. ; tail 45. Damaraland and Namaqualand. a-d. 2 (V. 156, 160, 158, 155 ; Damaraland. O. 31, 39, 40, 40). 169. pRomopuis. 149 169. DROMOPHIS. Dryophylax, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1103 (1854). Peseta a part., Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 185 (1858). wee ea, part., Giinth. 1c. p. 145; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 86 Pidlodsyas, part., Jan, 1. c. p. 83. Dromophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 447, Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, unequal in size, middle longest, and gradually decreasing in size in front and behind, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, more or less oblique, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; sub- caudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. Maxillary and mandible of Dromophis lineatus. 1. Dromophis lineatus. Dryophylax lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1124 (1854). Psammophis sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 136 (1858). Philodryas lineatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 83 (1863), Dromophis lineatus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 33, Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals one third to one half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, not or but slightly narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals ‘140-159; anal divided ; subcaudals 78-105. Olive, most of the scales black-edged, with three greenish-yellow longitudinal lines, one on the vertebral row of the scales, the others on the fourth and fifth rows; outer row of scales greenish yellow, like the belly, its upper border black; young with light cross-bars on the occiput and 150 COLUBRID, nape ; pre-and postoculars and upper lip greenish yellow; some of the labials with the sutures black ; belly and tail below greenish yellow or pale green, uniform or with a series of black dots or short. lines on the outer ends of the ventrals. Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 330. Tropical Africa. a-d. Hgr. (V. 151; C.?) Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.}.. & yg. (V. 141, 152, 146; C.'103, 105, ). e. do (V. 146; C.?). Liberia. Dr. Biittikofer (C.]. J 3 (V. 149; C. 78). Coast of Zanzibar. g. 2 (V. 149; C. 99). Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha Ee h. 2 (V. 159; O0.?). Central Africa. Lieut, Chippendale[P.]. tk. & (V. 147; C.101) — Africa. Mr. Argent (C.j. & Q (V.140; ©. 98). 1 Yg. (V. 146; C. 93). Africa. m. Skull of 2. 2. Dromophis preornatus. Dendrophis preornata, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 286 (1887). Oxyrhopus preornatus, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1039 (1854). Chrysopelea preornata, Giinth. Cat. p. 147 (1858), and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 95; Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. ii. fig. 2° (1869). Dromophis preornatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 447 ; Steind.. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, 1xii. 1870, p. 333. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds the diameter of the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; internasals rather more than half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, nearly as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, in contact. with or narrowly separated from the eye; two postoculars; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 161-180 ; anal divided; subcaudals 110-122. Pale olive above, with black cross-bands anteriorly, black spots or a red vertebral stripe in the middle, and three black stripes posteriorly ; the cross-bands most regular on the head; lower parts uniform white. Total length 550 millim.; tail 175. West Africa. a. 2 (V.177; C. 110). Niger. W. A. Forbes, Esq, [P.].. b-e. 9 (V. 161; C.111) & W. Africa. Mr. Argent [C.]. ye. (V. 180; C.?). d. Yg. (V. 167; C.?). W. Africa. Mr. Dalton [C.]. e. do (V.177; C. ?). W. Africa. 170. TAPHROMETOPON. 151 170. TAPHROMETOPON. Taphrometopon, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1838, p. 243; Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 48; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 186 (1873). Chorisodon, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 901 (1854), : Psammophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1863). Maxillary teeth 14, very unequal in size, the middle ones much enlarged, but not separated from the rest; the solid teeth followed, after an interspace, by one or two very large grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head narrow, dis- tinct from neck, with raised canthus and projecting supraocular ; eye large, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, between two nasals ; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, some feebly grooved, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Central Asia and Persia, 1. Taphrometopon lineolatum. eee trabalis (non Pall.), Lichtenst. in Eversm. Reise, p. 146 (1823). —— (Taphrometopon) lineolatus, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1838, p. 243. Chorisodon sibiricum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 902 (1854). Taphrometopon lineolatum, Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 48, figs. ; Strauch, Schi. Russ. R. p. 185, pl. v. (1873), and Voy. Przewalskt, Rept. p. 51 (1876) ; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 422 (1876), and 2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 23 (1878). Psammophis dorie, Jan, in De Filippi, Viag. Pers. p. 356 (1865). Snout moderately prominent, grooved above and on the sides. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals, separated from the loreal by the nasal ; frontal very narrow except in front, nearly twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal about twice as long as deep; one prxocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-197; anal divided ; subeaudals 72-107. Yellowish or pale grey above, with longitudinal series of blackish dots or with four olive or brown, black-edged stripes, the median pair of stripes prolonged to between the eyes, the outer pair to the nostrils, passing through the eyes; a dark median streak from the interorbital region to the occiput; upper lip white, the anterior shields sometimes with a blackish spot ; 152 COLUBRID. lower parts white, dotted with greyish or olive, and with one or two dark lines on each side. Total length 870 millim. ; tail 190. Aralo-Caspian Steppes, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Eastern Persia, a. d (V. 192; C.?). C. Asia. Prof. Peters [P.]. b-c. g (V. 187; C.101) Syr Daria. M. Serverzow [C.]. & 2 (V. 182; C. 86). d. 3 (V. 184; C. 94). Daryalyk. M. Serverzow [C.]. e-t. 6 (V.181; C. 87), Chinas, Turkestan. St. Petersburg “Mus, her. (V. 181, 178, [E.}. C. 85, ?) & yg. (V. 180, 188; C. 83; 90). k-l. g (V.188; C.?)& N. side of Hum- Spy Littledale, Esq. 9 (V. 188; GC. 99): boldt Mts, E. Turkestan. m-p. 3 (VW. 194,184; C. Tirphul, Afghani- Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]; 98, 82) & 9 (V. 175, stan. Afghan Boundary 176; C. 72, 82). Commission. q. & (V.179; C, 82). Helmand. Dr. J. Aitchison (0. ]5 Afghan Boundary Commission. Skull of d. 171. PSAMMOPHIS. Psammophis, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 201 (1887); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 887 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 185 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1863). Psammophis, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 189 (1880); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 290 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 865 (1890). Phayrea, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 51 (1868). Amphiophis, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. iv. 1872, p. 81. Maxillary teeth 10 to 13, one or two in the middle much enlarged, fang-like, preceded and followed by an interspace, the last or last two large and grooved and situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with angular canthus rostralis ; eye moderate or large, wii round pupil; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, more or less oblique *, with apical pits, in 11 to 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Africa and Southern Asia. The skull of this genus, as well as that of the two preceding geneva, is remarkable for the wide vacuity between the frontal and sphenoid bones, a condition which approaches that of the’ Lacertilia. Quite in front, however, the frontals descend to join the sphenoid. * Scarcely oblique in P. erucifer and P. angolensis, 171. PsaMMOPHIS, 153 Fig. 11. Tess Skull of Psammophis schokari. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 rows, exceptionally 19. A. Rostral a little broader than deep, well visible from above. 1, Anal entire; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. One preocular; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; ventrals 170-185; subcaudals 92-97... 1. letthiz, p. 155. Two prmoculars; four lower labials in coatact with the anterior chin-shields ; ventrals 157-171; subcaudals 81-104. 2. notostictus, p. 156. 2, Anal divided. a. Five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; usually nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; preocular in contact with the frontal ; " ventrals 162-197. Sixth upper labial shorter than the eye, which is more than half the length of the snout; subcaudals 93-149 ...... 3. schokari, p. 157. Sixth (exceptionally fifth) upper labial as long as the eye, which is more than half 154 COLUBRID. the length of the snout; subcaudals PB0HL SB. oie nutes aaa ets 4, punctulatus, p. 159. Sixth upper labial as long as the eye, which is half the length of the snout; subcaudals 182) 6... eee ee eee 5. trigrammus, p. 159. b. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; eight or nine upper labials ; ventrals 151-168 ; subcaudals 100-108 ...... 6. subteniatus, p. 160. B. Rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above. 1. Nine upper labials, three entering the eye; ventrals 161-173; subceaudals 109-127.......... 7. bocagii, p. 161. 2, Hight upper labials, exceptionally seven or nine, two entering the eye. a. Frontal, in the middle, narrower than the supraocular ; ventrals 155-198 ; subcaudals 90-116. Preocular narrowly in contact with or separated from the frontal, which is as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout................ 8. sibilans, p. 161. Preocular extensively in contact with the frontal; snout short, forehead strongly PHOOVE Ms acs ices bane detection acynd awe atacatnne’s 9. furcatus, p. 164, Preocular separated from the frontal, which is considerably shorter than its distance from the end of the snout............ 10. longifrons, p. 165. b. Frontal, in the middle, nearly as broad as the supraocular ; preocular not reaching the frontal. Snout nearly twice as long as the eye; ventrals 156-182; subcaudals 75-90 .. 11. condanarus, p. 165. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye ; ventrals 153- 163; subcaudals 64-95 ............ 12. brevirostris, p. 166. C. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; snout twice to twice and a half as long as the eye; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; ventrals 179- 202; subcaudals 144-161 ...... 13. elegans, p. 167. II. Scales in 15 rows. Nine or ten upper labials (rarely eight) ; ventrals 142-164; subcaudals 100-131. 14. biseriatus, p. 168. Eight upper labials (rarely seven) ; ventrals 186-155 ; subcaudals 62-81 ........ 15. crucifer, p. 169. TIT. Scales in 13 rows; ventrals 144; subcaudals 108. 16. pulcher, p. 169. IV. Scales in 11 rows; ventrals 141-155; subcaudals 57-81. 17. angolensis, p. 170. 171. PSAMMOPHIS. 155 TaBLE sHOwING Numspers oF ScaLEs AND SHIELDS. Ant. Se. Vv. A Cc Lab Temp. Preeoc. URI scsi vensiasavesas 17 1170-185) 1 | 92-97 8 1 1 notostictus ......... VW |157-171] 1 | 81-104 8 2(1)| 2 SCRORATI... wee sseveveee 17 o 162-195| 2 | 93-149 | 9 (8-10)} 2 (1) | 1 (2) punctulatus 0... 17 |177-190| 2 | 130-158} 9 (8) 2 1 trigraMMuUs os... 17 182 2 132 9 1-2 2 subteniatus .......... 17 {151-168} 2 |100-108] 8-9 2 1 bocagii .. ... «| 17 |161-173| 2 | 109-127 9 1-2 1 sibilans .| 17 | 155-198) 2 | 90-116 | 8(9) | 2(3)} 1 (2) Surcatus 17 |158-179| 2 | 95-114 8 2 1 longifrons 17 178 2 93 8 2 1 condanarus 17 |156-182; 2 | 75-90 8 1(2); 1 brevirostris 17 | 153-163; 2 | 64-95 | 8 (7) 2 1 elegans ... 17 =|179-202| 2 | 144-161 9 2(1)} 1 biseriatus 15 | 142-164 | 1-2} 100-131 }9-10(8)| 2 1-2 crucifer ... 15 |186-155| 2 | 62-81 | 8(7) 2 1 pulcher ... eel 13 144 2 108 8 1 2 angolensis .....0....+. 11 |141-155| 2 | 57-81 8 1 1 1. Psammophis leithii. Psammophis leithii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 505, pl. xxxix. ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 83; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 382 (1884) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 538. ——- condanarus (non Merr.), Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 126. leithii, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 365 (1890). Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals about half the length of the pre- frontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal about twice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 170-185; anal entire; subcaudals 92-97. Ye'lowish above, with four longitudinal brown bands edged with black, the median pair extending to the supraoculars, the outer to the end of the snout, passing through the eye; a dark streak on the vertex ; lower parts whive. Total length 730 millim. ; tail 210. Sind, Cutch, Rajputana, Scindia, Baluchistan. a. 8 (V.177; 0.97). coer Dr. Leith [P.]. ; (Type.) &. 2 (V.170; C.?). Ajmere. oo Esq. 156 COLUBRID Z. ec. 2 (V.179; C. 92). Gwalior. C. Maries, ut [E.]. 4d. 9 (V. 185; C.94). Munro Khalat, Balu- R. H. OC. Tuinell, chistan. Esq. [P.]. 2. Psammophis notostictus. Psammophis silibans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 186 (1858) ; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 78. —— moniliger, var. notostictus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1867, . 237, : sibilans, var. stenocephalus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 205, and Herp. Angola, p. 116 (1895). notosticta, Matschie, Mitth. deutsch. Schutzgeb. v. 1898, p. 212; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 588. sibilans, var. notosticta, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 92. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two or three shields ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, in the middle not more than half as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep; two praoculars, upper in contact with the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 242 or 3 (rarely 1+2); eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 157-171; anal entire; subcaudals 81-104. Pale brown or olive above, with a pair of more or less distinct lighter stripes, and with or without small black spots; each vertebral scale often yellow in its posterior half ; head with dark spots but no longitudinal streaks ; upper labials and usually pre- and postoculars yellowish white; anterior labials offen spotted with black; lower parts and whole or part of outer row of scales yellowish white, or olive with a lateral yellowish stripe; anterior ventrals often with small black spots. : Total length 785 millim. ; tail 225. South Africa, Angola, Lower Congo. a. 3 (V.170; C. 88). Cape of Good Hope. Lord Derby Pl b. d (V. 169; C. 85.) Lions Hill, Cape Town. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk [P.]. «. & (V.161; C. 87). Cazffraria. J.P. ir. Weale, Esq. [P.]. d,e. 3 (V. 165; C. Orange R. Dr. Kannemeyer[P.]. 86) & yg. (V. 171; C. 88). tg. & (V. 162, 157; C. 83, 81). h. 2 (V.168; C. 91). San Nicolao R., Little Fish Bay. 8. Africa. J.J. Monteiro, Esq. C.). Zoological Society. 171. Psammopuis. 157 3. Psammophis schokari. Coluber schokari, Forsk. Deser. Anim, p. 14 (1775). —— lacrymans, Reuss, Mus. Senck. i. p. 189 (1884). Psammophis moniliger, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 891 (1854). —— punctatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. a 896; Gerv. Mém. Ac. Montp. iii. 1857, p. 512, pl. v. fig. 3; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 66 (1862) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 274, pl. —. fig. 2. —— sibilans, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 306. sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 186 (1858); Strauch, 1. ¢.; Schretb. Herp. Eur. p, 217 (1875); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 150. sibilans, var. hierosolimitana, Jan, Elenco, p. 90 (1863), and Icon. Gién. 34, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1870). sibilans, var. punctata, Jan, Elenco, p. 90; Boettg. in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tun. p. 462 (1885). sindanus, Stoliezka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 83. —— leithii (non Giinth.), Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 421 (1876). —— moniliger, var. hierosolymitana, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879- 80, p. 163. —— moniliger, var. punctata, Boettg. 1. c. p. 164. —— leithii, part., Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 365 (1890). — lacrymans, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 588; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 655. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, about half as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal three to four times as long as deep ; one preocular (rarely divided), in contact with the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3 (rarely 1+ 2); nine (rarely eight or ten) upper labials, third or fourth deepest, usually third, foarth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth (rarely fourth and fifth or sixth and seventh) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows. Ventrals 162-195; anal divided; subcaudals 93-149. Yellowish, greyish, pale olive, or reddish above, uniform or spotted or striped with darker; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; lips usually with dark dots or spots; belly usually with dark dots and with one or two interrupted dark lines on each side. Total length 1210 millim.; tail 430. Borders of the Sahara, Arabia, Syria, Persia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Sind. A. Regularly striped, the stripes brown or olive with a fine black edge ; series of vertebral scales yellowish. a. 9 (V. 188; C. 119). Biskra. J. Pe Esq. V. 179; C. 181). V. 168; C. 149). V. 174; ©. ?). V, 182, 188 ; ge V. "188; CO. COLUBRID ZA. Duirat, S. Tunisia. Aden. Muscat. Jask, 8. Persia. Candahar. Dr, J. Anderson [P.}. Col. Yerbury [P.]. A.S. G.I ayakar, Esq. [P.]. 8. Butcher, Esq. [P.], Col. Swinhoe [P.]. B. Stripes more indistinct, partially replaced by series of blackish spots. ab. & (V. 178; C. 100) & 2 (V. 169; CO. 93). e-d. 2 (V. 164; C. 96) & her. (V.174; C. 105). e. Hgr. (V.185; C. ?). Fg. 3 (V-104; ©. 2 yg. (V. 185; C. 18° Suakin. Suakin. Helmand. Between the Hamoon and Khusa, A fghanis- tan. Col. Sir C. Holled Smith & Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.} Dr, J. Aitchison Ne ‘iS Afghan Boundary Commission, Dr. J. Aitchison [0.]; Afghan Boundary Commission. C. No stripes, body uniform or dotted with blackish. a-b. 3 (V. 185; C. 1 & 2 (V.185; C. . P), e. 9 (V.177; C. ?). d. 7 (V. 170; C 118). ad ae 19; V.188; C. 118). SF Hee (V. 195; C. 111). (V. 173; ©. ?). h. Q (VY. 176; ©. 114). z, Ad., bad state (V. 190; C. 121). ke & (V.177; C.119). l. Hgr. (V. 179; C. 103). m. 3 (V. 168; C, 110). n. 2 (Se. 19; V.192; C, 116). o. gb (V.178; C. ?). p. Her. (V. 170; C. S (V. 1865, 196; sees 129, 140). s-t. 3b (Vv. 194, 185; CO. 126, 110). u. Yg. (V. 186; C. 138). v. & (V.177; C. ?). w, Skull. Egypt. Abbassiyeh, near Cairo. Gizeh. Oasis of Karhgeh. Assouan. Dooroor. Ras Gharib. Chartoum. East of Suez Canal. Moses Wells, Suez. Shaloof, near Suez. Island of Shadwan, Gulf of Suez. Aden. Hadramaut. Muscat. Karman, Persia. Kurrachee. Sind. Egypt. M. Lefebvre [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [ P.], Dr. J. Anderson Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Dr. J. Anderson [P Consul Petherick Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. P.] [P.}. Dr. J. Anderson tpt Dr. J. Anderson Col. Yerbury [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. A. 8. G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.]. Wea] lanford, Esq. Kurrachee Mus. [E.]. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. 171. PsAmmoPuis. 159 4. Psammophis punctulatus. Psammophis punctulatus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 897 (1854); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 123 (1882); Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1898, . 119; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 14, pl. iv. g. 1, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 537. Dendrophis furcatus, Biancont, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 276, pl. xiii. 1859). Bare punctulatus, var. trivirgatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p..206. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two or three shields; internasals nearly half as long as the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly twice to twice and a half as Jong as deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal and with the third, fourth, and fifth upper labials; two postoculars ; tem- porals 2+ 2 or 2+3; nine (exceptionally eight) upper labials, third deepest, fifth and sixth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye, sixth (or fifth) largest, as long as the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 177-190; anal divided; subcaudals 130-158. Yellow or brownish white above, greenish or greyish on the sides and beneath, head and nape olive-grey or reddish, speckled with black; three black stripes along the body, the median broadest and bifurcating on the neck, its branches extending, as brown streaks, to the end of the snout after passing through the eyes; the stripes on the body may be reduced to the vertebral. Total length 1660 millim. ; tail 580. Arabia ; East Africa, from Somaliland to Mozambique. a. f (V.185; 0.146). Ogaden, Somaliland. Capt. Bottego [C.]; Marquis G. Doria P. [P.]. b. (V. 184; C. 136). Lake Rudolf. sa Smith al 5. Psammophis trigrammus. Psammophis trigrammus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 95, pl. ii. fig. E; Bowleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 538. Snout twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between three shields ; inter- nasals about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, half as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long ag its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal thrice as long as deep; two preoculars, upper not quite reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 2+1; nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, third, fourth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior 160 COLUBRID. chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scaleg in 17 rows. Ventrals 182; anal divided; subcaudals 132. Pale olive above, yellowish posteriorly, the scales on the vertebral line black-edged, forming a stripe posteriorly ; a rather indistinct dark lateral stripe, running along the outer row of scales; upper lip, pre- and postoculars yellowish white; lower parts and lower half of outer row of scales yellowish white, the ventrals clouded with olive in the middle. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 430. Namaqualand. a & (V. 182; 0.182), R. San Nicolao, Little J. J. Monteiro, Esq, Fish Bay. [P.]. (Type.) 6. Psammophis subteniatus. Psammophis sibilans, var. subteniata, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii, p. 121 (1882); Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 12. —— subteniatus, Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 538. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or alittle shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice and a half to thrice as long as deep; one procular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 3; e ght or nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 151-168; anal divided ; subcaudals 100-108. Brown or olive above, the seven middle rows of scales usually darker and black-edged and separated from the sides by a more or less distinct pale streak ; usually a black lateral streak, running along the outer row-of scales; upper labials yellowish, with black dots and a black line along their upper border which is continued across the rostral ; yellowish below, with a black line along each side of the belly. Total length 1030 millim.; tail 350. East Africa, from Zanzibar to Mozambique. a. Hgr. (V. 151; C. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]}. 104). b. 2 (V.161; C. 103). Zanzibar. Dr. J. G. Fischer. e-d. 9 (V. 168; C. Cape McLear, Lake Mr. F. A, Simons. 108) & yg. (V.164; Nyassa. [C.]. C. 105): e. 9 (V.162; C. ?). Lake Nyassa. Miss i. C. McLaugh- lin [P.]. Fg. 3 ME 156, 165 ; Lake Nyassa. Universities Mission. CO. 103 h,i.3(V.159;C.2)& Zomba, Nyassaland. Sir H. H. Johnston, 2 (V.167; C. 104). (P.]. 171, PsamMmopurs. 161 kh. Yg. (V. 158; C. E, Central Africa, Dr. Livingstone Ne s 100). Lord Russell [P.]. 1 Q (V. 168; C. ?). Zambesi Expedition. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 7. Psammophis bocagii. (Pxare VIII. fig. 1.) Psammophis sibilans, var. A, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 115 (1895). — bocagii, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 588, Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; nostril between two shields ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal rather more than twice as long as broad, much narrower in the middle than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, not quite reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 142, 2+2, or 248; nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 161-173; anal divided ; subcaudals 109-127. A broad reddish-brown, black- edged vertebral band, seven scales broad, separated from the sides, which are grey or reddish hrown, by a yellow streak; a black line along the middle of the outer row of scales ; head with rather indistinct yellow, black-edged cross-bars ; a black line along the upper border of the labials, which are dotted with black ; lower half of outer row of scales and lower parts pale yellow, with a. black line on each side. Total length 820 millim.; tail 295. Angola. a. 6 (V. 166; C. 112). Benguella. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. 8. Psammophis sibilans. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lvi. fig. 4 (1785) ; Linn. Amon. Acad. i. p. 802 (1749) ; Lacép. Serp. ii. p. 246, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1879). Coluber sibilans, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 383 (1766). —— moniliger, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 69 (1803). os — auritus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 147, 151, pl. viii. fig. 4 (1827), and Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 5 (1829). oe Psammophis sibilans, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 547; Jan, Icon. Gén. pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870); Boetty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 395, and Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887-88, p.58; Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, . 538. F Coluber phillipsii, Hadlow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1844, p. 169. 7 Psammophis moniliger, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 207, pl. viii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837); Dum. § Bir. vii. p. 891 (1854). — phillipsii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 100, and 1857, p. 69; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 554; F, Mill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 686. - —— irregularis, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 92, pl. ii. fig. 4; Giinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858); A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p 208, pl. xvii. fig. 9; Jan, 2. c. pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2. You, III. M 162 COLUBRID. Psammophis sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 186; Schrevb. Herp. Eur, p. 217 (1875), —— moniliger, var. bilineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1867, p. 287. sibilans, var. mossambica, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 122 (1882). . — sibilans, var. intermedius, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i, 1884, p. 14. sibilans, var. leopardina, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 205. irregularis, Matschie, Mitth. deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 1898, p. 212. sibilans, var. C, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 116 (1895). Snout once and a half to twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad; nostril between two or three shields; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and three fourths to twice and one third as long as broad, narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds to twice and a half as long as deep; one preocular (rarely divided), in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; tem- porals 2+ 2 or 3 (rarely 83+3); eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 155-198; anal divided; subcaudals 90-116. Coloration very variable. Total length 1210 millim.; tail 380. Tropical Africa and Egypt. A. Olive or brown above, the scales mostly black-edged ; a more or less distinct, narrow yellow vertebral line and a broader yellow streak along each side of the back; head with yellow, black-edged longitudinal streaks in front, and transverse ones behind, which markings, however, may become very indistinct in the adult; upper lip yellowish white, uniform or with a few brown or black dots on the anterior shields; lower parts, including lower half of outer row of scales, yellowish white, uniform or with a faint brown lateral line, a. & (V. 165; C. 108). Beltim, between Ro- Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. setta and Damietta. b. do (V. 166; C. ?). Abassiyeh, near Cairo. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. e-d. 3 (V. 164; 0. 108) Abu Roash, Gizeh. Dr. J. Amicon [P| & & (V. 158; ©. ?). ef. 6 (V. 167; C.109) Fayoum. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. & 2 (V. 166; C. 109). g 2 WV. 169; 6. 114). Minia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. A. Her. (Vv. 170 ; C.?). Anseba Valley, Abys- W.T. Blanford, Esq. sinia. [P.]. 171. PSAMMOPHIs. 163 B. Asin A, but no trace of a light vertebral line. a-b. & (V. 167, 167; Minia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.] C. 116, ?). €. Uniform brown or greyish olive above, the markings on the head very indistinct; upper lip and lower parts, including lower third of outer row of scales, uniform yellowish white. a. 9 (V. 168; OC. ?). Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [P.]. 6. Her. g¢ (V. 168; Mekalla el Kobra. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. C. 109). e. og (V. 159; C.103). Fayoum. Dr. J. Anderson [P. }. d. 2 (V.172; 0.114). Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. D. Brown or olive above, with lateral streaks and head-markings as in A; vertebral line absent or reduced to a series of yellow dots, one on each scale; upper lip with brown or black dots ; lower parts, including lower half of outer row of scales, white, with a continuous or interrupted black longitudinal line on each side of the belly. a. 9 (V. 165; C.?). Mekalla el Kobra. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. b. Her. (V.180; C.?). Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha(P ce. Her. (V. 167; C.102). Mt. Elgon, 6000- F, J. Jackson, Esq. 7000 ft. Pj. d. Yg. (V. 159; 0.110). Kilimandjaro. F, oe Esq. [P.]. e-f. & (V.157; C.106) Mouths of Niger. Alvan Millson, Esq. & @ (V.159; C. 102). [P.]. g. Yg. (V.157; C.105). Lagos. Sir A. Moloney [P.]. A. Q (V.172; C.?). Gambia. Lord Derby [P]. i. Ye. (V. 164; C. 106). W. Africa. Mr, Rich [C[. . Yg. (V. 161; 0.97). W. Africa. Mr, Raddon [C.]. k J, Hgr. (V. 166; C.97). ——? E. Uniform brown or olive above, with more or less distinct traces of the markings on the head; upper lip yellowish, with brown or blackish dots; lower parts, including lower third or lower half of outer row of scales, yellowish, with a brown or black line on each side of the belly. a, Hgr. (V. 155; 0.?). Inland of Berbera, E. Lort Phillips, Esq. Somaliland. P.). &. 9 (V. 163; C. ?). Kilifi, E. Africa. G._D. Trevor-Roper, ae [P.]. c. Hgr. (V.170; C.?). Bolama, Senegambia. & P| itching, Esq. F. Olive above, which colour extends down to the ends of the ventrals, uniform or dotted with blackish, or with most of the scales black-edged ; sometimes, in the young, with traces of light longitudinal stripes and of the head-markings; upper lip yellowish, spotted or speckled with black ; belly yellowish or pale olive, uniform or dotted with black on the sides, the dots sometimes confluent into longitudinal lines. a-b, Yg. (V. 169, 173; Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.]. C. 97, 93). aa ; 164 COLUBRID. c fo (V. 164; C. ?). Ndi, Teita Mts. Dr. J. W. Gregory : a E. Africa. ; [P.}. d. Hgr. (V. 158; C.93). W. of Mombasa. W. Gregory PJ. F. J. Jackson, Esq, e-f. Yg. (V. 162, 169; Kilimandjaro. C. ?, 101). [Bele g-h. Her. (V. 160; Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (C.]. C. 90) & yg. (V. 161; C. 90). . tk. & (V.198; C..104) Zanzibar. Dr. J. G, Fischer, & Q (V. 160; C. 96). 1, m. # f (Vv. 169, 170; Zomba, Nyassaland. a a H. Johnston C.F Si n. Ad., ners Zambesi. wie, oh: Kink (c. v. Hgr., skin, bad state. Ungora er Nile. a peke rige (V. 176, 170; Assba, 180 miles upthe J. We Crosse, Ta. C. 160, 107) & ye. Niger. P.}. (V. 181; C. 116). r. Q (V.171; ©.?). s. Her. (V. 166; C: ?). Sierra Leone. Cette Cama, Gaboon. H. C. Hart, Esq. [P.]: t-u. i (Vv. 168, 165 Ambriz, Angola. Mr. Rich [C.]. ee 100, ? Yg. (V. 170; C. ?), = W. Africa. Mr. Rich i w. 9 (V. 172; C. P). W. Africa. Mr. Fraser 4 a. 3 (V. 179; C.110). W. Africa. Mr. Dalton [C.]. y. Skull. Asaba, Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. a. Skull. Egypt. 9. Psammophis furcatus. Psammophis moniliger, var. furcatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p- 236. sibilans, Boettg. Ber. Senck, Ges. 1886, p. 5 —— sibilans, var. furcata, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1894, p. 92. —— furcatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 588. Snout once and a half as long as the eye; forehead strongly grooved. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than the parietals; loreal once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, extensively in contact with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye, fifth nearly as long as the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 158-179; anal divided ; subcaudals 95-114., Brown above, the scales edged with darker, a narrow yellow vertebral line, bifurcating on the occiput, its branches extending to the anterior border of the frontal shield; a broader yellow streak on each side, from the eye to the end of the tail; upper lip, lower half of outer row of scales, and lower parts 171. PsAMMOPHIs. 165 yellowish white, with or without an interrupted blackish line on each side of the ventrals. Total length 880 millim, ; tail 250. South Africa. a & (V. 158; C. 95). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres ([C.]. 10. Psammophis longifrons. (Prarz VIII. fig. 2.) Psammophis longifrons, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 366 (1890) ; Dreckmann, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii. 1892, p. 406; Gleadow, op. eit, vill. 1894, p, 553. Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between one anterior and two super- posed posterior nasals ; internasals hardly half as long as the pre- frontals, which are only a little shorter than the frontal; latter shield very narrow, much narrower in the middle than the supra- ocular, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little ' shorter than the parietals; loreal slightly more than twice as long as deep; one preocular, not extending to the frontal; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower Jabials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 173; anal divided ; subcaudals 93. Olive above; head with symmetrical undulating black lines; scales on the vertebral line, or on the whole back, with broad black margins; uniform white beneath. Total length 1320 millim, ; tail 375. Hills of South Western India. a, Ad. (head and neck only). Cuddapah Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.) 11. Psammophis condanarus. _ Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xxvii. (1796). Coluber condanarus, Merr. Tent. p. 107 (1820). Leptophis ? bellii, Jerdon, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxii, 1858, p. 529. Psammophis condanarus, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p- 298; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 291 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. ‘As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 196, and xl. 1871, p. 438; Anders. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 182; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 83; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 187 (1876) ; Murray, Zool, Sind, p. 382 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 365, fig. (1890). sibilans, var. E, Giinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858). indicus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med, Sc. 1863. Phayrea isabellina, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p.51. Psammophis sibilans, var. quadrilineata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1870). Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nasal divided or semidivided; internasals rather more than half the length of the preefrontals ; frontal twice 166 COLUBRID, as long as broad, nearly as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal about twice as long as deep; one preocular, not extending to the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 1+3, rarely 243; eight upper labials, third longer than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 156-182; anal divided; subcaudals 75-90. Pale olive above, with two pairs of more or less distinct dark bands each two scales wide ; these bands, the lower of which passes through the eye, often black-edged ; upper lip and lower parts uniform yellowish, with a dark line along each side of the ventrals and subcaudals. Total length 920 millim.; tail 220. Northern India and Burma. a. Her. (V. 165; C. 78). Kotree, Sind. Dr, Leith [P.]. 6. Hgr. (V. 176; C.88). Chillianwallah, Dr. Cantor. e. 9 (V. 182; C.?). Bengal. d-g. 3 (V. 156, 164; Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. C. 75, ?), 9 (V. 168; C. 2), & hgr. (V. 166; C. 87 h. Her. (V.166; C.2). Toungyi, S. Shan E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. States. 12. Psammophis brevirostris. Psammophis brevirostris, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 89; Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 609; Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 539. ? Psammophis sibilans, var. tettensis, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 122 (1882); Matschie, 2. c. Psammophis sibilans, var. brevirostris, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 118 (1895). Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as Jong as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as broad as or a little narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one prawocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, third deeper than second or fourth (or second deeper than first and third), fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the: eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows.. Ventrals 153-163; anal divided; subcaudals 64-95. Brown or dark olive on the back (7 rows of scales), pale olive on the sides down to the ventrals, the two shades separated by a more or less distinct lighter streak; a yellowish black-edged spot usually present on each vertebral scale ; head uniform olive- brown in the 171. PsamMopuis. 167 adult, in the young with a yellowish streak along the frontal and yellowish cross-bars behind ; yellowish white beneath, with a series of olive or blackish dots or short streaks along each side. Total length 1300 millim.; tail 370. South Africa; Angola. a. 3 (V.161; C.?). Pretoria, Transvaal. W. L. Distant, Esq. b,c. g (V.159; C. 77) Port Natal. wet Ayres [C.]. & 9 (V. 153;’C. 94). d-e. Her. (V. 158; C. 91) Natal E. Howlett, Esq. & yg. (V. 153; C. 91). (Ps; f. 3 (V. 157; C. 95). Port Elizabeth. Mr. Drege [P.]. g. Hgr. (V. 162; C. 86). 8. Africa. J. Pi Gurney, Esq. [P.]. h. Yg. (V. 157 ; C. 70). Angola, Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. 13. Psammophis elegans. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. 1x. fig. 1 (1785). Coluber elegans, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 586 (1802). are elegans, Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 493 Psammophis elegans, Boze, Isis, 1827, p. 533; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. . 216 (1837), and Abdild. p. 180, uf, xliii. figs. 15 & 16 (1844) ; m. & Bibr. vii. p. 894 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 138 (1858) ; A, Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 208, pl. xvii. fiz. 10; Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges, xii. 1881, p. 895; F. Mull. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 687 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 539. Snout twice to twice and a half as long as the eye, obliquely truncate at the end. Rostral a little broader than deep, svarcely visible from above ; nostril between two shields; internasals a little longer than broad, about half as long as the preefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, narrower, in the middle, than the supra- ocular, slightly longer than the prefrontals, or as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; loreal three to.four times as long as deep; one prae- ocular, usually not reaching the frontal ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 242 or 3, rarely 1+2; nine uppor labials, third deeper than second and fourth, third, fourth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 179-202; anal divided ; subcaudals 144-161. Yellow or pale olive above, with three longi- tudinal bands, between black lines formed by black-edged scales, the median band five scales wide, the outer narrower and extending to the end of the snout after passing through the eyes ; head olive- above, punctulated with black; upper lip and sides of belly yellow, the rest of the belly olive, lineolated with black. Total length 1230 millim. ; tail 480. Senegambia and Guinea. 168 COLUBRID. a-b, e. 2 (V. 199, 200, 195; W. Africa, (Types.) _ ©. 16], 148, ?). d, Her. (V. 196; C. 154), W. Africa. Mr. Rich [P.]. e. Hgr. (V. 188; C. 155). W. Africa. Mr. Argent C.). JF-g. 3 (V. 179; C. 144) & W. Africa. Haslar Collection. 2 (V. 198; C.?). ht. & (V. 185; C. 152) & Fantee. ‘ T. E. Bowdich, Esq. her. (V. 193; C. 149). (Rak g. (V. 190; C. 154), Ashantee, Z, Skull, Senegal. 14. Psammophis biseriatus. Psammophis biseriatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 88; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 18, pl. i. fig. 4; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1892, p. 15; Boettg. Zool, Anz. 1893, p. 119; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 731; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 587. Snout once and two thirds to twice as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal three to four times as long as deep; one preocular, sometimes divided, exten- sively in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; nine or ten (rarely eight) upper labials, third deepest, fourth, fifth, and sixth or fifth and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142-164; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 100-131. Greyish or pale brown above, with a darker vertebral band and two series of reddish-brown or black spots; head with dark brown or reddish-brown, black-edged spots, and usually a dark cross-band on the occiput; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; lips with black or brown spots, belly greyish, speckled with black and spotted with white, sometimes with a rusty median stripe. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 400. Central and Kast Africa. a. 9 (V. 142; A. 2; Between Obbia and Ber- Signor A. B. Robec- C. 118). bera, Somaliland. chi fC.]; Marquis G. Doria [P.]. 6. @ (V. 154; A. 2; Inland of Berbera, E. Lort Phillips, C. 100). Somaliland Sq. dw. ce. 9 (V. 149; A. 1; Kurawa, E. Africa. Gregory G. 120). d. Yg., bad state. Ungora, Upper Nile. tia iat ed e. Yg. (V. 148; A. 2; S. shore of Victoria Dr. Emin asha C. 106). Nyanza. [P.]. 171, PsamMoPHis. 169 15. Psammophis crucifer. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. liii. fig. 2, & evii. fig. 4 (1735); Merr. Beytr. i. 18, pl. iii. (1790). Soluber sibilans, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 383 (17686). Daud. Rept. vii. p. 189 (1803). Psammophis crucifer, Boze, Isis, 1827, pp. 525, 547 ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 892 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 15 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1870) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1895, p. 539. — moniliger, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 209, pl. viii. figs. 6 &7 (1887). Snout once and a half as long as the eye. Rostral a little ‘broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two shields ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as broad as or a little narrower than the supraocular, much longer than its distance.from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal about once and a half as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 136- 155; anal divided; subcaudals 62-81. Pale olive or brownish above, with a black-edged dark vertebral band, three scales wide, which extends to the head, giving off one or two transverse bars on the nape, and enclosing a light spot or streak on the suture between the parietal shields; sides of head with large dark blotches, the pre- and postoculars yellowish ; a more or less distinct dark band along each side of the body, with a white streak below it on the lower half of the outer row of scales and the outer ends of the ventrals; lower parts yellow or orange, uniform or finely speckled with blackish, with a dark streak or series of small spots on each side. Total length 640 millim. ; tail 160. South Africa. a, 9 (V. 150; C. 78). Simon’s Bay. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ b-c. gf (V. 148, 148; Port Elizabeth. H. A. Spencer, Esq. C. 81, 70). [Pej d, Her. (. 151; C. 80). Namaqualand. ef. Q (V. 144; ©. 74) & Matabeleland. C. Beddington, Esq. yg. (V. 148; c. 73). [P.]. go & CV. 145; ’o. 66). 8. Africa. Haslar Collection. A. 2 (V. 155 ; C. 78). 8. Africa. 16. Psammophis pulcher. Psammophis pulcher, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 537, pl. xxx. fig. 3. Snout once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice and a half as long as broad, a little narrower than the supraocular, longer 170 COLUBRID, than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds as long as deep; two pra- oculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, third deeper than fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye, fifth as long as the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 144; anal divided; subcaudals 108. Pale brownish above, with an orange black-edged vertebral stripe and a black lateral streak, running along the second row of scales and extending to the end of the snout after passing through the eye; upper lip, outer row of scales, and outer ends of ventrals white; ventrals yellow in the middle, with an orange line on each side. Total length 435 millim. ; tail 160. Western Somaliland. a, 9 (V. 144; C.108). Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith [P.]. (Type-) 17. Psammophis angolensis. Amphiophis angolensis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1872, p. 82; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 149; Bocage, Herp, Angola, p. 118, pl. xi. fig. 3 (1895). Ablabes homeyeri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 620. Dromophis angolensis, Boettg. Ber. Senck. G'es. 1888, p. 55. Psammophis angolensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 307, and 1895, p. 589. Snout about once and a half the diameter of the eye. Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, nearly as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, third usually deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in ll rows. Ventrals 141-155; anal divided; subcaudals 57-81. Pale olive above with a dark olive or blackish vertebral stripe, three scales wide, finely edged with black and yellow ; head dark olive in front, blackish behind, with three yellow transverse lines, the first behind the eyes, the third behind the parietal shields; two black cross-bands may be present on the nape and neck, separated by a yellowish interspace ; labials and preeoculars yellowish white; one or two more or less distinct dark lines or series of dots along each side ; lower parts whitish. Total length 375 millim. ; tail 110. Tropical Africa, south of the Equator. a, & (V.151; C. 58). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 6, Yg. (V. 154; C. 57). S. shore of Victoria Dr, Emin Pasha[P.]. Nyanza. 172. mimopuis, 171 ce. @ (V. 155; C, 58). Lake Tanganyika. E. Coode-Hore, Esq. [C.]. d-e. 2 (V.149; ©.71) Cape McClear, Lake Mr. F. A. Simons & her. (V. 141; C. 68). yassa. [e Jf. 2 (V. 147; C. 68). Fort Johnston, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston ©. Africa. [P.]. 172. MIMOPHIS. Mimophis, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 421. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, two or three in the middle much enlarged, fang-like, followed by an interspace, last large and grooved; anterior mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; frontal narrow; nostril in an entire or semidivided nasal, followed by a short loreal, which is separated from the preocular by the pre- frontal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Mimophis mahfalensis. Psammophis mahfalensis,Grandid. Rev. § Mag. Zool. xix. 1867, p.234, Mimophis madagascariensis, Ginth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) 1. 1868, p. 421, pl. xviii.; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 445; Steind. Sits. Ak. Wien, c. 1891, p. 294. ‘ oo Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) vii. 1895, pp. 103 Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad or longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice and a half to three times as long as broad, much narrower than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals ; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, second or second and third in contact with the pre- frontal, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely three or five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-164; anal divided; subcaudals 61-102. Pale fawn-colour above, with a dark brown vertebral band or a zigzag series of spots which may be divided by a narrow pale line running along the spine; head with undulous dark lines above and a dark streak on each side, passing through the eye. Total length 760 millim.; tail 195. Madagascar. A. A dark brown dorsal stripe, four scales wide, and two or three brown streaks along the sides; belly yellowish, with more or less distinct brown longitudinal streaks. a-c. & (V. 149,140; C. Madagascar. Rev. W. Ellis [P.]. 70, 61) & @ (V. 182; (Types.) C. 65). 172 COLUBRID. de. 9 (V. 149, 140; Imerina. Rev. J, Wills [C.], C. 63, 66). J. Yg. (V.146; C. 71). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]}. B. Dorsal stripe with dentated borders or replaced by spots, and. with a more or less distinct light median line; sides and belly spotted or irregularly lineolated. a. 3 (V. 156; C. 80). Betsileo, Rey. G. Shaw [C.]. 5. Her. (V. 151; C. 80). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. e-g. 3 (V. 154; C. 87) Madagascar. & @ (V. 150, 152, 159, 154; C. 81, 81, ?, 88). kh. Yg. (V. 164; C.102), —P Zoological Society. 4. Skull of a. 173. PSAMMODYNASTES. Psammophis, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 887 (1854) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 452. Psammodynastes, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 140 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 292 (1864) ; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 172; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 363 (1890). Maxillary teeth 9 to11, third or third and fourth much enlarged, fang-like, followed by a short interspace, last enlarged and grooved anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with angular canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with verti- cally elliptic or subelliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal; frontal very narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather short; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. 1. Psammodynastes pulverulentus. Psammophis pulverulenta, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 547; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 211, pl. viii. figs. 10 & 11 (1837), and Abbdild. pl. xhil. figs. 1-4 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 895 (1854). Dipsas ferruginea, Cantor, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 53; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 298, and xxiv. 1855, p. 715. Psammodynastes pulverulentus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 140 (1858). —— pulverulentus, Giinth. 1. c. p. 251, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 292 (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1867, p. 188: Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 188 (1876); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 62; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Phalom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 172, pl. iii, and xii. 1888, p. 104; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 363 (1890). Lycodon bairdi, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 90 (1867). Snout short, profile truncate or somewhat turned up in the adult. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice to 173. PSAMMODYNASTES. 173 twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, ’ than the supraocular, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal about as long as deep, often transversely divided into two; one or two pre- and two to four postoculars ; temporals 2+3 (rarely 2+ 2); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are followed by two smaller pairs. Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows. Ventrals 146-175; anal entire; subcaudals 44-66. Dark brown or ochraceous above, with or without small darker and lighter spots ; head usually with symmetrical longitudinal markings; a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; usually a dark brown band along each side; lower parts powdered with brown, and with dark brown spots or longitudinal lines, Total length 610 millim.; tail 130. Eastern Himalayas, Khasi and Assam hills, Burma, Indo-China, Formosa, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a 3 (V. 164; C. 64). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagint- weit oe b-d. 3 (V. 167,161; C. Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. 65,61) & 2 (V. 157; C.?). e. 9 (V.171; C. 60). Assam. Dr. Griffith. f. 2 (V.174; C. 59). Assam. Dr. Cantor. (Type of Dipsas ferruginea?)y g-h. He (V. 156; C. Toungyi, S. Shan Tics, Blakeway (C.]. ok yg. (V. iel ; States, a e wv ‘les ; C. 55). Toungyi, S. Shan E. W. Oates, Esq. States. k. & (V. 153; C. 58). Lao Mountains. ME ious }. 1. 9 (V.175; C. 60). Taiwanfoo, Formosa. Mr. Holst m. 3 (V. 160; C. 64). Kuita, Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.]. nm & (V. 159: C. 49). Sumatra. ities o-g. & (V. 165, 162; 0. Engano. Dr. Modigliani [C.]. 66, 65) & yg. (V. 173; C. 64). r. Yg. (V. 1605, C. 55). 8. 9 (V. 159; C, 61). Great Natuna. Barabei, S.E. Borneo. Hr. Grabowsky C A. Everett, me (Si J.G. Fischer C i lection. t. 9 (V. 157; C. 61). Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C u & (V. 149 ; C. 64). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. 0.1. vw. fb (V. "160, 158; Placer, Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C. C. 57, 59). x. 3 (V. 155; C.?). N. Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. tet y. 2 (V. 166; C. 55 Dinagat. A. Everett, Esq. [C a. f (V. 155; 6. 64). Albay, S.E. Luzon. J. oie es Esq. a. 3 (V. 150; C. 50). Willis Mts., Kediri, Baron v. Huegel([C.]. Java. 174 COLUBRID. 8 2 (V. 160; C. 53). Flores. Dr. Bleeker (Psam- A ay Joresianus, Blkr.). y. 2 (V. 161; C. 55). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 6. Skull of o. 2. Psammodynastes pictus. Psammodynastes pulverulentus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 140 (1858). pictus, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 251; Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 62; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xii. 1888, p. 105; v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 23. Psammophis (Psammodynastes) conjunctus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 451. pictus, Peters, 1. c. p. 452. Psammodynastes conjunctus, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 178, pl. iv. Rather more slender, and tail longer than in the preceding. Internasals as long as broad or longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice and a half to thrice as long as broad; two or three pre-and three or four post- oculars; third lower labial very large, bordering the mental groove behind the small anterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ven- trals 152-169 ; anal entire; subcaudals 60-78. Pale brown, yellowish, or reddish above, anteriorly with dark transverse spots or bars between two light stripes, posteriorly with a dark brown or blackish vertebral band; this band, in some specimens, extending forwards to the head; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye and across the rostral shield; this streak edged above with a whitish line in the young; all these markings may become quite indistinct in old specimens. Lower parts whitish, more or less finely speckled with brown, with or without scattered black dots. Total length 475 millim. ; tail 90. Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo. a. Her. go (V. 166; Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.]. CO. 78). 5, ¢. Hee 3 (V.168,163; Sumatra. Sir S$. nee = C. 78, 77). [C.]; Zoologi- @ cal Society. br d,e. Hgr. $ (V.167,169; Borneo. Sir E. Belcher | 2 C. 72, 74) ao ; ; [P.]. S-h. 3 (Vv. 152,156; C. Telang, S.E. Borneo. Hr. Grabowsky [C.] 74, 77) & yg. (V. 157; J. G. Fischer Col C. 60). lection. i-k. 2 (V.159; C.?)& S.E. Borneo. yg. (V. 154; O. 65). 1. Her. (V. 164; C. 76). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. m. 9 (V. 164; C. 63). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. n, 3 (V. 158; C. 75). Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq, [P.] 174, MAcROPROTODON. 175 174. MACROPROTODON. Coronella, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1887); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 34 (1858). Macroprotodon, Guichen. Explor. Se. Alg., Rept. p. 22 (18650); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 143. Lycognathus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac, Sc. xxiii. 1858, p. 495, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 916 (1854). Psammophylax, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 309. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth enlarged, followed by an interspace, the two posterior again en- larged and grooved, and situated just behind the eye; mandibular teeth increasing in size to the sixth, which is fang-like and followed by an interspace, the posterior teeth small. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically subelliptic pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Spain and North Africa. -Maxillary and mandible of Macroprotodon cucullatus. 1. Macroprotodon cucullatus. Coluber cucullatus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 148 & 151, pl. viii. fig. 3 (1827). Coronella levis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 65 (1837). Macroprotodon mauritanicus, Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 22, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1850). Lycognathus cucullatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 926 (1854) ; Gervais, Mém. Ac. Montpell. iii. 1857, p. 511, pl. v. fig. 2. —— teniatus, Dum. § Bibr. l.c. p. 930. textilis, Dum. § Bibr. i.c. p. 931. : Coronella cucullata, Giinth. Cat. p. 35 (1858) ; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 55 (1862) ; Schreib. Erp. Eur. p. 296, fig. (1875); Boettg. Abh. Senck. G'es. xii. 1880, pp. 374 & 887, and xiii. 1883, p. 96, and in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. 457 (1885). ; — brevis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 58, —— teniata, Strauch, |. e. p. 57. —— textilis, Strauch, 1. ¢. Psammophylax cucullatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p- 812, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl.i. figs. 3 & 4 (1866). Macroprotodon maroccanus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1882, 27, — cucullatus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii, 1891, p, 143. 176 COLUBRID. Snout broad, much depressed. Rostral at least twice as broad as: deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars (exceptionally one or three); temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth usually in contact with the parietal; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 to 25 rows. Ventrals 153-192; anal divided; subcaudals 40-54. Pale brown or greyish above, with small brown spots or with more or less distinct darker and lighter longitudinal streaks ; some large dark-brown or black markings, or a large blotch usually present on the occiput and nape, descending on the sides of the neck ; head: and nape sometimes entirely black above; upper lip whitish, with an oblique blackish streak below the eye; lower parts yellowish or coral-red, uniform or more or less spotted with black, the spots sometimes confluent along the middle of the belly. Total length 550 millim.; tail 90. Southern Spain, Baleares, Lampedusa, North Africa. -b. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 182; Algeciras. Lieut. Boger [P.]. C. 47) & yg. (Se. 21; V.171; C.'50). e fb (Se. 23; V. 164; Andalusia. Lord Lilford [P.]. C. 50). d. 6 (Sc. 21; V.177; Tangier. M. H. Vaucher [C.]. C. 48). e. Hgr. (Se. 21; V. 178; Tangier. C. 50). f. Q, bad state (Sc. 23). Island off Coast of Rev.R.T. Lowe [P.]. i Mogador. (Type of C. brevis.) g-n. Q (Se. 25; V. 176; City of Morocco. J. G. Fischer Col- C. 48) & yg. (Sc. 23, 28, lection. 98, 23, 23, 21; V. 162, 171, 178, 177, 180,173; C. 46, 44, 41, 40, 42, 41). 0. or (Sc. 21; V. 169; Morocco. C. Dp. 2, Me. 20; V. 192; Algiers. P. Py Sclater, Esq. q: “2, (& 19; V.180; Algiers. r e. “Xe 19; V.171; Hammam Meskou- Dr. J. Anderson [P.}, C. 54). tine, Algeria. s. 3 (Se. 19; V. 172; Algeria. Canon Tristram [C. |. a 50 v. 2 (Se. 21,19; V.165, Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.]. 17850. 50; 48) & her (Se. 19; Vv. 184; C.51). 175, DRYOPHIs. 177 w-y. 3 (Sc. 19; V.153; Tripoli. Zoological Society. (Se. 19; V. 169; C. 45). z o& (Sc. 19; V. 154; Maryut, Alexandria. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. C. 48). u 9 (Sc. 19; V. 165; Between Aboukir Dr, J. Anderson[P.]. C, 42). : and Ramleh, near Alexandria. B. Skull of d. 175. DRYOPHIS. Dryinus (non Fabr.), part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 186 (1820) ; Bell, Zool. Journ. iit. 1825, p, 324; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 808 (1854). Dryophis, Dalman, Gifvers. of Zool. Arb., Stockholm, 1822 *; Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 367 1890). : Pus, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208; Giinth. Cat, Col. Sn. p. 160 (1858) ; Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 554; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 305 (1864)... - - Dryophis, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. ae (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 156; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 88 (1863). Psammophis, part., Dum. & Bibr. t. ec. p. 887. Tropidococcyx, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) vi. 1860, p. 428, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 801. os Gephyrinus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 492. Maxillary teeth 12 to 15, one or two in the middle much enlarged, fang-like, and followed by an interspace, after which the teeth are very small; one or two posterior grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth increasing in length to the third or fourth, which is very large, fang-like; the posterior small. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with strong Maxillary and mandible of Dryophis mycterizans. canthus rostralis and concave lores; eye rather large, with hori- zontal pupil ; nostril in the posterior part of a single nasal; frontal narrow, more or less bell-shaped. Body much elongate and com- pressed; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows, disposed obliquely, vertebral row slightly enlarged ; ventrals rounded, Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. * I have not been able to refer to this work, VOL, III. : N 178 COLUBRID, Synopsis of the Species. I. Snout without dermal appendage. A. Ventral shields less than 200. One postocular; no loreal; two labials entering the eye; subcaudals 69-82.. 1. perroteti, p. 178. Two postoculars; ore or two loreals; one labial entering the eye ; subcaudals 82-106. wavcccueswaseaeaeeaaas 2. dispar, p. 179. Two postoculars; three or four loreals; one labial entering the eye; subcaudals VIS=151. axdiswtaeas sedans Hess 3. fronticinctus, p. 179. Two postoculars; two to four loreals; two or three labials entering the eye; subcaudals 115-156 .............. 4. xanthozona, p. 180. B. Ventrals 203-235; subcaudals 158-207. Anal divided (rarely entire) .......... 5. prasinus, p. 180. Anal-entire. «sacs eta eas 6. fasciolatus, p. 182, II. Snout ending in a dermal appendage; no loreal. Rostral appendage formed entirely by the Tostral,. g degcsee ia bas Sale anasd goa 7. mycterizans, p. 182. Rostral appendage covered with small scales above 1... ec eee ee ee ee eee 8. pulverulentus, p. 184. 1. Dryophis perroteti. Psammophis perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 899 (1854). Leptophis ? canariensis, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii, 1855, . 680. Deis his tropidococcyx, Giinth. Cat. p. 157 (1858). Tropidococcyx perroteti, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vi. 1860, p. 428, pl. vii. figs. 5-7, and Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 301 (1864). Dryophis perroteti, Jan, Elenco, p. 89 (1863); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1868, p. 452; Jan, Icon. Gén, 33, pl. v. fig. 2 (1869); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 368 (1890). Tragops perroteti, Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 191 (1876). Snout obtusely pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, not quite twice as long as the eye. No loreal, internasals and prefrontals in contact with the labials; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; one postocular; temporals 142 or 242; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior -chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region keeled. Ventrals 1385-147 ; anal divided; subcaudals 69-82. Bright green above; yellowish or pale green beneath, with a green lateral line. Total length 560 millim.; tail 135. North Canara and Nilgherries. 175. DRYOPHIS. 179 . 9 (V. 144; C.70). Madras Presidency. TT. C. Jerdon, Esq. P.}. b-f. g (V. 142, 188, India. sit 7 MacGregor 142, 140, 141; C.79, (P.}. 82, 80, 75, 80). gz. & (V. 141, 185; India. Zool. Society. C. 80, 70) & Q (V. 147; C. 69). (Types of D. tropidococcyx.) k-l. g& (V. 140, 185; India. C. 77, 76) 2. Dryophis dispar. Tragops dispar, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 308, pl. xxiii. fig, A (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 192 (1876). Dryophis dispar, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 868 (1890). Snout pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, not quite twice as long as the eye. Internasals or internasals and prefrontals usually in contact with the labials; one or two small loreals ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two suboculars below it; two post- oculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 142-156; anal divided; subcaudals 82-106. Bright green or bronzy olive above, the skin between the scales black; pale green or pale olive beneath, with a yellow line on each side. - Total length 650 millim. ; tail 200, Hills of Southern India. a-f. 9 (V. 151,149,151, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 145, 156; C. 97, 100, (‘Types.) 97, 97, 105) & her. (V. 153; C. 106). g-t. Q (V. 142, 150,147; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 90, 82, 95). : k. & (V. 157; OC. 92), Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [C.]. Ll. & (V. 153; C. ?). High Range, Travan- H.S. Ferguson, Esq. core. [P.]. 3. Dryophis fronticinctus. Dryiophis fronticinctus, Giinth. Cat. p. 158 (1858); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 368 (1890) ; W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 189], p. 244. Tragops fronticinctus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 304, pl. xxiii. fig. E (1864); Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 52; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 197; Theo. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 192 (1876). —— javanicus (non Steind.), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 424; Theob. l. v. p. 198. Snout pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, mea- n2 180 COLUBRID. suring about twice the diameter of the eye. Nasals usually forming a suture behind the rostral; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; usually two superposed pairs of loreals ; two preoculars,. upper usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; tem- porals 2+2 or 24+3; seven or eight upper labials, fifth or sixth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region keeled. Ventrals 183-195 ; anal divided ; subeaudals 115-151. Bright green, olive, or bronze- brown above; pale green or olive beneath, with a white or black- and-white lateral streak. Total length 820 millim.; tail 265. Assam, Arrakan, Pegu. a-c. & (V.190; C. 143) —-? (Types.) & 2 (V. 188, 192; C. 136, 128). d-g, h-k. 3 (V. 192, 188, Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. 190, 195; C. 120, 149, (C.]. 141, 144)’& 2 (V. 187, 192, 183) C.136, ?, 115), } Saw 1) oe a 4, Dryophis ne ai vs Dryophis xanthozona, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 5 a prasina, part., Schleg. Phys. panes ii. = 2650, pl. x. figs. 11-18 (1837) Dryinus prasinus, var. A, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 82 (1847). Tragops Javanicus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 72, pl. ii. fig. 15 (1867). Snout pointed, feebly projecting, without appendage, nearly twice as long as the eye. Internasals in contact with the rostral; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; a series of three or four small loreals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 186-195; anal entire (rarely divided); subcaudals 115-156. Green above; a yellow streak on each side of the belly and a pair of more in- distinct ones in the middle, separated by a purplish streak. Total length 1080 millim.; tail 410. Java, Pinang. a, Hgr. 9 (V.195; C.115). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. i 2 oa. 186; C. 156). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 5. Dryophis prasinus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxiv. (1801). Dryinus nasutus (non Merr.), Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p 327. 175. DRYOPHIS, 181 Dryophis prasinus, Bore, Isis, 1827, iB 545; Schleg. Abbild. pl. viii. figs. 1-6 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 1 9 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gién. 33, Hi v. fig. 1 (1868) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 869 (1890). a prasinus, part., ‘Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. P- 250, pl. x. figs, 9-11 83) ena cab: part., Cantor, Cat, Mal. Rept. p. 81 (1847). Oxybelis fulgidus, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. a7 ‘(1854). Tragops prasinus, Daas & Bibr. t.¢. 824; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 303 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. i871, p. 185; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191 (1876). xanthozonius, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 826. Snout acuminate, projecting, without dermal appendage, rather more than twice as long as the eye. Internasals usually in contact with the labials ; one to four small loreals between the prefrontal and the labials ; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance ‘from the end of the snout, a little longer than the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 242 or 343, rarely 14+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, usually faintly keeled on sacral region. Ventrals 203-235; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 158-207. Bright green, pale olive, or grey-brown, with a yellow line along each side of the lower parts; interstitial skin of the neck black and white, . Total length 1790 millim.; tail 600. Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a. 9 (V. 219; C.159). Bengal (P). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. A @ (V. 206; C. 165). Balroon Valley, Burma. R. c Beavan, Esq. [ ef (V. 207; C.177). Bassein, Burma. Major ‘Bingham [P . ad, Q (V. 218; C.1738). Rangoon. Major Bingham Pj). e. 2 (V. 208; C. 176). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. JF & (V. 218; C. 172). Toungoo. E. at Oates, Esq. -g & (V. 209; C.158). Mergui. Prof, Oldham [P.]. h. 2 (V. 208; 0.175). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.]. i,k. 9-(V. 297 : ©.?) & yg. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}. (V. 227 ; C. 186). 1 9 (Vz. 225 ; C.166). —- Pinang. Dr. Cantor. m. 2 (V. 223’; C.186). Sumatra, Sir 8. Raffles. nm © (V.215; 0.175). Nias. Hr.Sundermann [C.], 0. & (V. 229; C. 196) Great Natuna. A. Everett, Esq. [C.1, p. & (V. 220; 0.178). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [ a gr. & (V. 235, 206; Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. C. 180, 165). 8. Yg. (Vv, 229; C.177). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. 4 Yg.(V. 209; ;0.188). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. ©. Hose, Esq. a u. d .(V.228; C. 189). Baram R., Sarawak. 0. Hose, rae v o (V. 223: C. P). Sibutu Is. A. Everett, Esq. [GJ w. & (V. 218; C. 186). Java. Dr. Horsfield, a. 9 (V. 209; C.170). Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. 182 COLUBRID. y. Yg. (V.212;0.184). Willis Mts., Kediri, Baron v. Huegel [C.].. Java. z. 2 (V. 227; 0.175). Celebes, Leyden Museum. a. Q (V. 216; C. 179). Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. B. Yg. (V. 226; C.207). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B, Meyer [C.]. y, 8, ¢. d (V.216,217; Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq.[C.]. C. 170, 167) & h (V. 220; 0: 178). ¢. 2 (V. 226; C. 172), Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. fod n. 9 (V. 226; C.195). Zamboanga. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 6. 3 (V. 281; C. 195). Zamboanga. H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ .. Her. (V. 212; 0.182). CapeEngano,N.Luzon. Whitehead Exped. — x. Her. (V. 211; C.174). Ternate. H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ A. 2, skeleton. Java. 6. Dryophis fasciolatus. Tragops fasciolatus, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 66, pl v. fig. 4. Dryophis fasciolatus, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 23. Snout acuminate, projecting, without appendage, about twice as long as the eye. Internasals in contact with the first or second labial; frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; a series of two or three loreals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 221-231; anal entire; subcaudals 185-194. Grey above, spotted with black, the spots forming more or less regular cross-bars anteriorly; belly with a grey, black-edged band in the middle and a white streak on each side. Total length 1400 millim. ; tail 500, Borneo, Sumatra, Natuna Islands. a. Q (V. 221; C. 187). 8.E. Borneo. Hr. Grabowsky [C.]; J. G. Fischer Col- lection. (Type.) b-c. Hgr. (V. 226, 229; Baram R., Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. fe} C. 194, 189). ? d. Her. (V. 231; 0.185). Great Natuna. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. This form should perhaps be regarded as a variety of D. prasinus instead of a distinct species. 7. Dryophis mycterizans. ~*” sates Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xii., xiii. (1796). Coluber mycterizans, Linn. Mus, Ad. Frid. p. 28, pl. v. fig. I and pl. xix. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N.i. p. 389; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 9, pl. lxxxi. fig. 1 (1803). —— nasutus, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 100, 277, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1789). Dryinus mycterizans, Merr. Tent. p. 186 (1820). 175. DRYOPHIS, 183 Dryinus nasutus, Merv. 1. ¢.; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xxii. fig, 2 (1830) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 809 (1854). —— oxyrhynchus, Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p. 326. —— russellianus, Bell, U. c. p. 827. Passerita mycterizans, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 554; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 305 (1864) ; Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1876). Dryophis pavoninus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 545. nasutus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 246, pl. x. figs. 1-5 (1837) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 32, pl. v. fig. 2 (1869). Dryinus fuscus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 812. Passerita mycterizans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 160 (1858). —— fusca, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 554, Dryophis mycterizans, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 370, fig. (1890); W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lx. 1891, p. 244. Snout pointed, terminating in a dermal appendage which is shorter thdn the eye and formed entirely by the rostral; the length of the snout, without the appendage, about twice the diameter of the eye or rather more. No loreal; internasals and prefrontals in contact with the labials; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the rostral, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; two preoculars and a small subocular, or one pre- ocular and two suboculars; preocular in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 242; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 172-203 ; anal divided; subcaudals 140-174. Bright green or pale brownish, the interstitial skin black and white on the anterior part of the body, which appears barred when distended ; a yellow line along each side of the lower surfaces. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 560. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam. a. & (V.193; C. 149). Allahabad, N.W. Pro- Messrs. v. Schlagin- vinces, tweit (C.]. b-c. 6 (V. 184; 0.156) Calcutta. Messrs, v. Schlagin- & 9 (V. 179; C.147). tweit [C.]. d. & (V. 189; C. ?). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.]. e-f. 2 (V.182; C. 150) Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. & yg.(V. 180; C. 157). gy. & (V. 180; C. 159). se Bom- Dr. Leith [P.]. ay. h~m. 2 (V. 186; C. ?) Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.]. & yg. (V.185,180, 182, 184; C. 164, 164, 150, 165). n-o. § (V. 175, 173; Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. C. 167, 174). [P}. p. 9 (V.174; OC. ?). Madras. a Pj Jerdon, Esq. gq. 2 (V.179; C.145), Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. Lome) (V. 176; C. 156). Peermad, Travancore. a aca Esq. 184 COLUBRID, s-u, v. 3 (V. 180, 187; Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. G. 169, 173) & 2 [P.}. (V. 181, 174; ©. 140, 152). w, x-y. 2 (V.172,174; Ceylon. C. 168, 142) & her. (Vv. 181; C. 158). z od (V. 208; C. 155). Assam (?). Dr. Cantor. a. Yg. (V. 190; C, 144). Rangoon. B. & (V. 200; C. 156). Toungoo. E. Py Oates, Esq, y. d (V. 199; C. 153). Toungyi,S.ShanStates, Lieut. Blakeway([C.], 5000 ft. & do (V.193; C. 146). Siam. J. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. «, G7. Skulls. Bengal. 8. Dryophis pulverulentus. Dryinus pulverulentus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 812 (1854). Passerita mycterizans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 160 (1858). Dryophis pulverulentus, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 82, pl. v. fig. 1 (1869) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 371 (1890). Passerita purpurascens, Giinth. Rept. Brit. ‘Ind. p- 306, pl. xxiii. fig. F (1864); Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 194 (1876). Snout pointed, terminating in a dermal appendage which is longer than the eye, formed below by the rostral and covered above with numerous small scales or warts; the length of the snout, without the appendage, more than twice the diameter of the eye. Nasals in contact behind the rostral appendage, or narrowly separated ; no loreal; internasals and prefrontals in contact with the labials ; frontal as long as its distance from the nasals, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; two preoculars, with one subocular below them ; upper przocular in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2438; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-191 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 154-173. Greyish, powdered with brown, with blackish transverse spots above ; a dark brown rhomboidal spot on the upper surface of the head, and a brown band on each side, passing through the eye. Total length 1730 millim.; tail 710. Ceylon and Southern India. a, 6, c. Q (V. 182, 180, Ceylon. (Types of P. pur- 190 ; C. 164,154, 152). : purascens.) d,e. 2 (V.191; C.172) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. &hgr. (V.182; 0.169). f. Skull. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [0.], 176. THELOTORNIS. Thelotornis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., eh App. ‘p. 19 (1849). Peters, Reise n, Mossamb. iii. p. 181 a 882 Oxybelis, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. Dp. 813 (1854), 176. THELOTORNIS. 185 Dryiophis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 155 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. ag 88 (1863). Cladophis, A. Dum. Arch. Mus, x. 1859, p. 204. Maxillary teeth 16 or 17, gradually increasing in length, followed, after a short interspace, by two or three enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with strong canthus rostralis; eye large, with horizontal pupil; nasal entire. Body cylindrical, very slender; scales narrow, very oblique, feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Taillong; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. In this genus, as in the following, the ectopterygoid bone is forked, the two branches articulating with the maxillary (see fig. 14, p. 187), a structure not found in any other type of Snakes. Thelotornis and Dispholidus further agree in having the brain-case widely open in front, as in Celopeltis, Dromophis, Taphrometopon, Psummophis, and Dryophis. 1. Thelotornis kirtlandii. Leptophis kirtlandii, Hadlow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1844, p. 62, and 1854, p. 100. Thelotornis capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 19 (1849); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 235. Oxybelis lecomtei, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 821 (1854). Tragops rufulus, Dum. & Bibr. €. ¢. p 827. Oxybelis kirtlandii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 59. Tan Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 91, pl. ii. Tiropbie kirtlandii, Giinth. Cat. p. 156 (1858), and Ann. & Mag. N. #, (8) xi. 1868, p. 22; Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 65 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 82, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1869}; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 119 (1895). Cladopins kirtlandii, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 204, pl. xvii. Tiryiophite oatesii, Giinth. in Oates, Matabeleland, p. 330, pl. D (1881). Thelotornis kirtlandii, Peters, Reise n. Mossamé. iii. p. 181, pl. xix. fig. 2 (1882). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad, nearly as long as the prefrontals, sometimes reaching the labials between the nasal and the loreal; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals, which are followed by a pair of large occipitals separated by a smaller‘shield; one, two, or three loreals; one pra- ocular, not reaching the frontal; three postoculars ; temporals 1 +2 (rarely 1+1); eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; three to five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 147-181 ; anal divided; subcaudals 117-170. Greyish or pinkish brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct darker and lighter 186 COLUBRID. spots and cross-bands; head green above, with or without some patches of pinkish speckled with black and a pinkish black-dotted streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip cream-colour, or pink, uniform or spotted with black; one or several black blotches on each side of the neck; greyish or pinkish beneath, speckled or striated with brown. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 400. Tropical and South Africa. A. Head uniform green above and on the sides; black blotches usually forming cross-bands on the neck. (JL. kirtlandiu, Hallow. ; 0. lecomtei, D. & B.; O. violacea, Fisch.) a. 9 (V. 174; C.189). Sierra Leone. b. @ (V.161; C. P). Adjah Bippo, Wassau, G. A. Higlett, Esq. Gold Coast. [P.]. ce. 6 (V. 168; 0.150). Fantee. d. 3 (V. 165; C.189), Ashantee. e. (V.181; C. 146). Oil River. Sir H. H. Johnston P.]. J, g. & (V. 170, 168; Gaboon. P] C. 167, 152). h. 2 (V.177; C.160). Eloby district,Gaboon. H. Ansell, Esq, [P.]. td (V.175; 0.170). Mouth of the Loango. Mr. a J. Duggan [C.]. k. Q (V. 165; 0.187). Taveta, E. Africa. Keith +o ea Esq. [P.]. 2, Skull. Cameroons. B. Head with black dots above and on the sides ; no cross-bands on the neck. (7. capensis, Smith ; D. oatesii, Gthr.) a. Hgr., bad state. Victoria Nyanza. Dr. Emin Pasha [C.]. &. oS (V. 159; OC. ?). Mpwapwa, E. Africa. ec. Yg. (V. 155; C. 137). Mandala, Brit.C.Africa. Scott Elliot, Esq.[P.]. d. 2 (V.155; C.130) LL. Nyassa. Universities Mission. e. 2 (V. 147; C. ?). L. Nyassa. Miss M. Woodward (C.]; Miss. 8. C. McLaughlin [P.]. SJ, g-k. & (V. 161, 151, Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston 156; C. 136, 124, 117) (P.]. & 9 (V. 163, 152; C. 118, 124). i-m. 6 (V. 163; 0.146) Milangi, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston & her. (V. 148; 0.124). [P.]. n. ¥ (V. 161; C. ?). Matabele-land. C. G.Oates, Esq. [P.]. (Type of D. oatesii.) 177. DISPHOLIDUS. Bucephalus (non Baer), Smith, Zool. Journ. iv. 1829, p. 441; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 875 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 148 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 86 (1868); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 182 (1882). Dispholidus, Duvernoy, Ann. Sc. Nat. xxvi. 1832, p. 150. Dendrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (1837). Maxillary short, widening behind, where it articulates with the 177. DIsPHOLIDUS. 187 forked ectopterygoid; teeth small, 7 or 8, followed by three very large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye very large, with round pupil; nasal entire. Body slightly compressed ; scales very narrow, oblique, more or less strongly keeled, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. Skull of Dispholidus typus. 1. Dispholidus typus. Bucephalus typus, Smith, Zool. Journ. iv. 1829, p. 441; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 877 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 32, pl. iv. (1869) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 132 (1882). — jardinii, Smith, 1. c. p. 442. —— gutturalis, Smzth, I. c. — bellii, Smith, 1. ¢. Dispholidus lalandii, Duvernoy, Ann. Sc. Nat. xxvi. 1832, p. 150, and xxx. 1883, p. 24, pl. iii. aie colubrina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 288, pl. ix. figs. 14-16 ). Bucephalus capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pls. x.-xiii. (1841) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 148 (1858) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges, xii. 1881, p. 397. —— viridis, Smith, J. c. pl. iii. Dendrophis pseudodipsas, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 40, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1849). 188 COLUBRID. Snout short, not much longer than the eye. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), not reaching the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 164-201; anal divided; subcaudals 91-131. Coloration very variable. Total length 1500 millim.; tail 380. Tropical and South Africa. A. Brown above, upper lip and lower parts yellowish. or greyish ; young with darker and lighter spots, and the belly speckled with brown. (B. typus, Smith.) a. @ (Se. 19; V. 191; Port Natal. Rev. H. Calloway C. 122). i, b-d. Hgr. g (8c. 19; Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. V. 185; OC. 117), 2 (Se. 19; V.192; C. 120), & yg. (Se. 19; V.171; C. 115). e. Yg. (Sc. 21; V. 187; Natal. J. H. Gurney, Esq. C. 117). P.} f. Yg. (Sc. 21; V.169; S. Africa. Chatham Mus. G. 118). g. Xg. Ge 19; V.176; Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. C. 118 h. Yg. (Se 19; V.180; Zomba, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston C. 123 P.]. uo (head and tail only). Between the E. Coast Gan Speke [P.]. and Unyamwezi. k, Her. (Se. 19; V.183; Mpwapwa, interior of C. 109). E. Africa. 1, cae (Se. 21; V.188; Anseba Valley, Abys- W.T. Blanford, Esq. C, 98). sinia. P.}. B. Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, scales and shields edged with blackish. (B. jardinii, Smith.) a. & (Se. 19; V. 179; Africa. Mr. Argent [C.]. C. 112). C. Green above, uniform or scales narrowly edged with black. (B. viridis, Smith.) a. @ (Sc. 19; V. 164; Barberton, Transvaal. 8, African Mus. [P.]. C. 111 b. é (Se. 19; V. 182; Mpwapwa, E. Africa. ees 19; V. 185; Ugogo, E. Africa, Mr. Baxter [C.]. 135), 178. oxyYBELIs. 189 d. @ (Se. 19; V. 184; Africa. C. 102). D. Green or olive above, all the scales and shields edged with black ; head often much spotted with black. a, 3 (Sc. 19; V. 183; Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. [P.]. C. 121). b. fo (Sc. 19; V. 190; Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. C. 131). ¢. ar 3 (Se. 19; V. 182; W. Africa. C. 107) d. Skelton. E. Black above, each scale with a yellowish or greenish spot; head spotted or marked with black; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish, edged with black, (B. bellii, Smith.) a. a (Sc. 21; V. 176; ~. Bort Elizabeth. Mr. Drege [P.]. . 110). b-c. g (Se. 19,21; V. 185, Africa. Haslar Collection. 180; C. 108, 113). . d. g (Sc. 19; V. 186; — Africa, C. 2). F. Uniform black above, blackish grey beneath. a. g (Sc. 21; V. 179; Ushambola, Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (C.]. C. 125). 178. OXYBELIS. Dryinus, part., Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p, 324. Dryophis, part., Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 241 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat, Col. Sn. as 155 (1858). Oxybelis, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 183 (1830) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 88 (1868). Dryophis, Wagl. l. e. Oxybelis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 818 (1854). Maxillary teeth 20 to 25, subequal, the last three to five a little enlarged and grooved on the outer side; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with distinct Maxillary and mandible of Oxybelis fulgidus, canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided; loreal usually absent; frontal narrow. Body slender, compressed ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with apical 190 COLUBRID. pits, more or less oblique, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America. Synopsis of the Species. I, Snout not thrice as long as the eye ; anal entire. Scales in 15 rows; two labials entering ThECVOisce secede ewes feats 1. brevirostris, p. 190. Scales in 17 rows; a single labial bordering THE OOo bio yica acee sasdiora anomie wes 2. argenteus, p. 190. II. Snout thrice as long as the eye; anal divided. Dorsal scales keeled; green above...... 3. fulgidus, p. 191. Scales smooth or faintly keeled ........ 4. acuminatus, p. 192. 1. Oxybelis brevirostris. Dryophis brevirostris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 555, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 132, pl. xxvi. fig. 2. Oxybelis ceerulescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863). Snout once and a half as long as the snout, which scarcely projects beyond the lower jaw. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals nearly as long as the pre- frontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, narrower than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with two labials; one prewocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; one or two postoculars ; tem- } — Go. porals very large, 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering . the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 15 rows. Ventrals 167-183; anal entire; subcaudals 170-174. Olive or purplish above, pale green beneath ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye. Total length 925 millim.; tail 385. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador. a. 6 (V.183; C. 174), Chontalez, Nicaragua. R.A. Rix, Esq.(C.]; W. M. Crowfoot, ‘ Esq. [P.]. b. & (V. 167; C.172). Pallatanga, Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley [C.]. 2. Oxybelis argenteus. Coluber argenteus, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 8386 (1803). argentatus, Merr. Tent. p. 116 (1820). Dryiophis argentea, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 253, pl. x. figs. 14 &15 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 155 (1858). Oxybelis argenteus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 815 (1854); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 73 (1867) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. iii. fig, 1 (1869). 178. oxYBELIS, 191 Snout rather more than twice as long as the eye. Rostral much broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, not broader than the supraocular, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or the parietals ; loreal elongate, often fused with the prefrontal; one ‘preocular, widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 142; six upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 189-207; anal entire; subcaudals 150-188. Pale greyish brown or purplish above, with three darker longitudinal streaks, the outer of which extend to the end of the snout, passing through the eyes; upper lip whitish; throat bluish grey, dotted with black; yellowish beneath, with two olive-green stripes and a narrow median line of the same colour. Total length 1060 millim.; tail 410. Guianas, Brazil, Eastern Peru. a. 9 (V. 198; C. 156). Cayenne. 4. 3 (V. 206; C.150). Pebas, UpperAmazons. H. W. Bates, Esq. P. eo (V. 204; C: 185), Yurimaguas, N.E. Peru. 3. Oxybelis fulgidus. = Natrix flagelliformis, part., Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 79 (1768). Coluber fulgidus, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 352, pl. Ixxx. (1808). Dryophis fulgidus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826); Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 546; Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. x. (1829); Giinth. Cat. p. 158 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 555; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 178 (1895). Dryiophis catesbyi, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 252, pl. x. figs, 6-8 (1837), and Abbild. p. 114, pl. xxxvi. (1844). Oxybelis fulgidus, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 817 (1854). —— flagelliformis, Steznd. Novara, Rept. p. 73 (1867). —— fulgidus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1869). Snout about thrice as long as the eye, flat at the end and very prominent. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, not broader than the supra- ocular, as long as or a little longer than the prefrontals,-as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with two or three labials; one preocular, narrowly sepa- rated from the frontal; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals very large, 1-42; nine or ten upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, dorsals feebly keeled. Ventrals 198-217 ; anal divided; subcaudals 139-165. Bright green above, 1927 COLUBRID. yellowish green beneath and on the upper lip; a yellowish-white line along each side of the belly and tail. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 510. Tropical America. a. & (V. 205; C. 165). Yucatan. 6. 2 (V. 217; C.?). British Honduras. ce. d (V. 214; C. 151). Panama. Capt. J.C. Dow [P.]. d. 2 (V. 205; C.157). Para. e. 9 (V. 206; 0.156). Caballo Cocha, N.E. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Peru. Messrs. Veitch| P.]. f. & (V. 209; C. 139). p g- 2 ; , skeleton. Para. ; ep Mv 10-4 At rasscy 4 bets Ba 4, Oxy: ; WA Tipe / Coluber acuminatus, Wied, Abdild. Nat. Bras. (1822), a eitr. 4, p. 322 (1825). Dryinus eneus, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 12, pl. iii. (1824). auratus, Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p. 325, pl. xii. Dryiophis aurata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 255, pl. x. figs. 16-18 (1837). Oxybelis eneus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 819 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1869). Dryophis vittatus, Girard, U.S. Nav. Astron. Exped., Rept. p. 211, pl. xxxvi. (1855). Dryiophis acuminata, Giinth. Cat. pp. 156 & 252 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 555; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 314; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 177 (1895). Oxybelis acuminatus, Steind, Novara, Rept. p. 72 (1867). Dryiophis zneus, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Snout thrice to thrice and a half as long as the eye, prominent, Rostral nearly as deep as broad or broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to thrice as long as broad, not broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than the pre- frontals, as long as or shorter than the parietals; no loreal, pre- frontal in contact with two or three labials; one preocular, in contact with or separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals very large, 1+2; eight or nine (rarely ten) upper labials, fourth and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows *. Ventrals 174-203; anal divided; subcaudals 150-188. Bronzy, greyish, or reddish above, uniform or freckled with brown, usually with scattered black dots, or with black edges to some of the scales; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip and lower surface of head yellowish white ; yellowish, pale brownish, or reddish beneath, speckled or streaked with brown, * Garman mentions a specimen from Trinidad with 15 rows. 179. DRYOPHIOPS. 193 often with scattered black dots, sometimes with two dark brown longitudinal lines. Total length 1520 millim.; tail 620. Tropical America. a-e. 5 (V. 190, 184; Presidio, near Mazatlan. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. C. 165, P) & 9(V.179, 190, 180; C.?, 160, 157). Ff. 2 (V. 194; ©. 185). Tres Marias Ids. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. g- 2 (V. 190; C. 183). Tetepetla, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith eh Hp Sedan, Sq. h-k. & (V. 174, 176, Santo Domingo de Guz- Dr. re Ai Baller [C.]. 179 ; C. 160, 169, ?). man, Oaxaca. 1. 2 (V. 187; C. 168). Sarabia, Oaxaca. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. m-n. 5 (V.183; 0.162) Yucatan. & 9(V.192; C. 187). o. 2 (V. 187; C.168). Rio Motagua, Guate- O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. mala. p-q. @ (V. 189, 192; Honduras. 6. 150, 178). r-z. gf (V. 191, 189, RuatanId. Honduras. Mr. Gaumer [C.] ; 188, 185; C. 188,180, F. D. Godman, 188,170) & 9 (V.194, Esq. [P.]. 192, 186; C. 182, 180, 177). y-a. g (V. 193, 188; Bonacca Id., Honduras. Mr. Gaumer [C.]; C. 184, 176) & @ F. D. Godman, (V. 194; ©. 180). Esq. [P.]. B. do (V. 187; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Jeri- Dr. E. Rothschuh Bay, Nicaragua, 3250 =(C.]. eet. y & (V.179; ©. 178). Irazu, Costa Rica. Mr. Rogers [C.]; F. oe Esq.. 6. Hgr. (V.178; C.?). Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.]. e. d (V. 184; C. 168). Carthagena. ¢. o (V.175; C.?). Venezuela. Mr. Dyson [C.]. n-0. 9 (V. 188, 192; Para. R. Graham, Esq. C. ?, 172). eae t. 9 (V.182; C.171). Pernambuco. . A. Forbes, Esq.. x. fo (V. 186; C. 150). Bahia, OL Wucherer 179. DRYOPHIOPS. Chrysopelea, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 88 (1858), and Rept.. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864). Dryophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 88 (1863). Maxillary teeth 20, subequal, the last two or three a little enlarged and grooved ; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with horizontal pupil; nasal entire; frontal narrow, VOL, III. 0 194 COLUBRID. bell-shaped. Body slender, compressed ; scales smooth, oblique, with apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals with suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows, keeled and notched like the ventrals. South-eastern Asia. 1. Dryophiops rubescens. Dipsas rubescens, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. lxxxiv. fig. 2 (1834). eee ae rubescens, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1856, . 298, Cheeapeleg rubescens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 299 (1864). Dryophis rubescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 82, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1869). poeple rubescens, Stokezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 195. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much elon- gate; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 188-199; anal divided; subcaudals 111-136. Bronzy or reddish brown above, with small black spots; upper surface of head with undulous longitudinal markings ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a median dark streak on the occiput and neck; labials with a few small black spots; lower parts yellow in front, reddish behind, dotted with darker, with or without scattered small black Spots. Total length 750 millim. ; tail 210. Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Natuna Islands. a. 9 (V.189; 0.115). Malay Peninsula? Gen. aaa [P.]. (Type. b. 9* (V.192; C.?). Malay Peninsula? oa He wicke [P.]}. ce. 3 (V. 192; C.119). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Den- drophis sumatra- nus, Blkr.) d-e. 3 (V.191;C.125) Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. & 9 (V.199; C. 112). FF. 2 (V. 188; ©. 118). Sandakan, N. Borneo. Douglas Cator, Esq. P’}. g- @ (V.191; C. 111). Sirhassen, Natuna Ids. a ehnott Esq. [C.]. * The specimen contains a Draco melanopogon, Blgr., which species was first described from Malacca, and has since been found in the Natuna Islands and North Borneo. 180. cHRYSOPELEA. 195 2. Dryophiops philippina. (Prare IX. fig. 2.) Chrysopelea rubescens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 299 (1864). Agrees in structure with the preceding, except that the loreal is absent, and the preocular only just touches or is narrowly separated from the frontal. Ventrals 177-184; subcaudals 118-123. Pale olive or pale brown above, some of the scales black-edged, yellow or pale olive beneath, dotted with darker ; some large black dots on the head and neck; a dark atreak on each side of the head, passing through the eye. Total length 750 millim.; tail 250. Philippine Islands. a. 6 (V.177; C. 123). Cape Engano, N. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. b,c 9 (V. 184, 182; Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. C. 121, 118). [C.]. 180. CHRYSOPELEA. Chrysopelea, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 188 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1040 (1854); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 371 (1890). Tyria, part., Fiteing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dendrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (1837). Chrysopelea, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 145 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 86 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864), Maxillary teeth 20 to 22, subequal, the last three a little longer and grooved; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil. Body elongate, compressed ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, oblique, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals with suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel, Tail long; subcaudals in two rows, keeled and notched like the ventrals. South-eastern Asia. Synopsis of the Species. Three or more rows of dorsal scales feebly but distinctly keeled ; ventrals 202-221. 1. rhodopleuron, p.195. Scales smooth or faintly keeled ; ventrals . 2008288 a5 iawn wha a Smid asda RI 2. ornata, p. 196. Scales smooth ; ventrals 181-198 ...... 3. chrysochlora, p. 198. 1, Chrysopelea rhodopleuron. Chrysopelea rhodopleuron, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 547; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1045 (1854); Guinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén, 33, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1869). ie Dendrophis rhodopleuron, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 238, pl. af figs, 11-18 (1837). Chrysopelea vicina, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 27, — viridis, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 222, pl. ix. figs. 13-17, 02 196 COLUBRID, Snout much depressed, squarely truncate. Rostral broader tham deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much elongate ; one preocular, in contact with or separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals. 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, three or more median rows feebly but distinctly keeled. Ventrals 202-221 ; anal divided; subcaudals 146-180. Pale olive-brown or greenish to blackish above; a darker streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip whitish; ventrals yellowish or pale greenish. Total length 1160 millim.; tail 380. Moluccas, Sangir Island, Ceram, Tenimber Islands. A. Dark brown or blackish above, the scales lighter in the centre ; outer row of scales red, black-edged ; ends of ventrals above the keel red; a black streak along the lower surface of the tail. (C. rhodopleuron, Boie.) a, 2 (V, 213; C. 167). Amboyna. Leyden Museum. b-c. b (V. 203; C. 164) Mysol. & Q (V. 205; C. ?). d. 9 (V. 218; 0.155). —-N. Ceram. e. bd (V. 204; C. 178). Timor Laut. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. B. Uniform olive above, yellow beneath. (C. vicina, Gthr.) a. 2 (V. 221; C. 146). Mysol. (Type of C. vicina.) 2. Chrysopelea ornata. Seba, Thes. i. pl. xciv. fig. 7 (1784), and ii. pl. vii. fig. 1, pl. lvi. fig. 1, and pl. Ixi. fig. 2 (1785); Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. ii, (1801). Coluber ornatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 477 (1802). ibibiboca, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 827 (1808). Tyria ornata, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1887). Chrysopelea ornata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 546; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1042 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. i. fig. 1 (1869); Stoliecka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxxix, 1870, p. 194; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191 (1876) ; Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 825 (1879) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver, Nat. 1888, p. 84; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 371 (1890). paradisi, Bote, 1. c. p. 547, Dendrophis ornata, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 234, pl. ix. figs. 8-10 (1837), and Abbild. p. 19, pl. vi. figs. 3-10 (1837). Leptophis ornatus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 87 (1847). Dendrophis aaa Motley §& Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 46, 1. — (1855). : Chevappelen ornata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 146 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864). --— rubescens, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 299. 180. cHRYSOPELEA. 197 Snout mucn depressed, squarely truncate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals nearly as long as the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal small and elongate (rarely fused with the prefrontal); one preocular, often in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, - which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 200-238, last usually divided; anal divided ; subcaudals 106-138. Coloration very variable ; head black with yellow cross-bars and spots. Total length 1120 millim.; tail 310. Ceylon, Hills of Southern India, Bengal, Assam, Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Black above, each scale with a round greenish-yellow spot; usually with larger coral-red spots on the back, resembling a series of tetrapetalous flowers ; ventrals greenish yellow, edged with black. a. & (V. 221; 0.135). Anamallays, 8, India. Col. Beddome [C. }. 6,¢. 6 (V. 215; C,182) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & 9 (V.236 ; 0.135). ad. & (V. 238; C.?). arts Malay Penin- ars Mitchell, Esq. sula, P.). é f (V.228; 0.180). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. JF. 2 (V. 218; C. 124). Sumatra. g. 2 (V. 221; C.182). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. B. Like the preceding, but ventrals not black-edged. a. 2 (V. 222; C, 124), Malabar. Dr. Packmann [P.]. 4. g (V. 218; C. 106). Batavia, L. * G26, é (Vv. 204; Tawi-Tawi, Sooloo Is. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. ad. Her. 3 (V. 203; Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. 'C.9). si (Cc. ©. Like the preceding, but vertebral spots confluent into a stripe, at least on the anterior part of the body. a, b, c-d. gf (V. 221; Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. C’?), 2 (V.997, 295; [P.]. C. 184, 125), & her. (V. 217; 0.181). a 3 (V. 227 ; C.119). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. D. Greenish yellow or pale green above, each scale edged and mesially streaked with black, with more or less distinct black cross-bars ; ventrals yellow, with a small black spot on each side. a, Q (V. 282; C.?), ‘India (?). Gen. Hardwicke[P.]. 198 COLUBRID. b-c, d. § (V. 211,212; Anamallay Hills, 8. Col. Beddome (C.]. C. 131, 129) & hg: r. India. (V. 222; ©. 138). | e. 9(V. 219; C. ?). Assam (?). Dr. Griffith. t-g. & (V. 218, 222; Ruby Mines, Upper Major Bingham [P.], C. 122, 118). Burma. h-t. g (V. 2138; C.182) Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. & % (V. 214; C, 120), [P.]. k-l. So (V. 222, 223; Siam. J. Bowring, Esq, [P.]. C. ?, 136). m. 3 (Vv. 229; C. 125), Lao Mountains. M. Mouhot [C.]. E. Like the preceding, but with a series of large coral-red or orange blotches along the back. a. & (V. 224; C. ?). Ceylon. Sir E. Tennant [P.]. b. fo (V. 226; C.126), Ceylon. E. W. H. Holds- worth, Esq. [C.]. e. 2 we 217; C.127). Ceylon. d-e. Her. (Y. 206,214; Bengal. Dr. Cantor. C. ?, 116). f-h. 3 (V. 211, 210; India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. C. 108, a & Q (V. 218; ?). F. Pale olive above, with regular black cross-bars; some of the black scales with yellow shafts; whitish olive beneath, with a small black spot on the side of each ventral. a, a d (V. 204; C. Ceylon. b. Ye ‘(V. 203; 0.111). Ceylon. E. W. H. Holds- worth, Esq. [C.]. e. Hgr. (V. 200; 0,121), Ceylon. Haslar Collection. G. Black above, with narrow yellowish cross-bars; whitish olive beneath, with a small black spot on the side of each ventral. a. Yg. (V. 209; C.141). Negros, Philippines. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. H. Olive above, with the markings much effaced; pale yellow beneath. a. 2 (V. 218; C.189). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. &. & tv. 297’ C. ?). Negros, Philippines. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. ‘ed. & (V. 214, 220; Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. C. 121, 122). a, 6. Skeletons. —-? ce, Skull. Java. Me . si t 3. Chrysopelea chrysochlora. i/ tay J Dendrophis ornata, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 284 (1887), and ‘Abbid..p: 19, pl. ldige. 14 (ss7), i —— chrysochloros (Reinw.), Schleg. il. cc. Leptophis ornatus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 87 (1847). 181. ERYTHROLAMPRUS. 199 Chrysopelea ornata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 146 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864). —— hasseltii, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 332. Head rather shorter and snout less depressed than in C. ornata. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows, less oblique than in C. ornate. Ventrals 181-198, last usually divided; anal divided; subcaudals 99-120. Back red or orange, with pairs of black cross-bars enclosing a whitish cross-bar ; sides olive, some of the scales black-edged ; head dark olive-brown above, with two or three orange cross-bars; pale green to olive beneath, the lateral keels black, the portion of the shields above the keel whitish. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 190. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Natuna Islands. a 9 (V.188; 0.100). Rangoon. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. b. 2 (V. 194; C..99). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. e. 6 (V.187; C.107). Banka. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of C. hasseltit.) d. 2 (V.186; C.99). Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. e. 6 (V. 181; C.106). Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. f. & (V.196; C.120). Great Natuna Id. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 181. ERYTHROLAMPRUS. Erythrolamprus, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 187 (1830). Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 34 (1858). Erythrolamprus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 845 (1854); Giinth. Le. p.47; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1863, p. 314; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 658 (1886) ; Cope, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 55. Coniophanes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 248; Hallow. t. ¢. p. ; Bocourt, 1. ¢. p. 649. Glaphyrophis, Jan, J. c. p. 304. Tachymenis, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876. Maxillary teeth subequal, 10 to 15, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved teeth* situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head more or less distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. * The groove is exceptionally absent in specimens of Z, esculapii (see foot- note, p. 202). 200 COLUBRID. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America, Mexico, Texas. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 172-204; subcaudals 38-61; seven upper labials ..............045. 1. esculapii, p. 200. II. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 166-173; subcaudals 50 or more; seven upper labials. Loreal as long as deep .............- 2. decipiens, p. 204. Loreal much longer than deep ........ 3. grammophrys, p. 204, III. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 120-148; subcaudals 67-94. Seven upper labials; frontal nearly as broad as long; loreal square ...... A, lateritius, p. 205. Eight or nine upper labials; frontal much longer than broad; loreal deeper than long secs ea ceeds oes es 5. dromiciformis, p. 205. Fight (exceptionally seven) upper labials; frontal longer than broad .......... 6. imperialis, p. 206, IV. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 117-142; subcaudals 6494; eight upper labials. Internasals more than half the length of the prefrontals ............5... 7. fissidens, p. 207. Internasals not more than half thelength of the prefrontals .............06- 8. dipunctatus, p. 208, VY. Scales in 25 rows; ventrals 158-169; subcaudals 82-93; eight upper labials ....... sees. 9. piceivittis, p. 209. 1. Erythrolamprus zsculapii. _/, Coluber xseulapii, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 29, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N.i. p.880 (1766); Duvernoy, Ann. Se. Nat, xxvi. 1882, p. 161, and xxx. 1833, p. 15, pl. iv. fig. A. agilis, Linn. Ul. ce. p. 27, pl. xxi. fig. 2, and p. 381. Natrix esculapii, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 76 (1768). Coluber nigrofasciatus, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 98 & 188 (1789). —— atrocinctus, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 389 (1803). —— venustissimus, Wied, Reise Bras. ii. p. 75 (1821), and Abbild. (1825). — on Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 105 (1828). Elaps diame) Wagl. in Sprx, Serp. Bras, p. 6, pl. iia. fig. 2 (1824). Coronella venustissima, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 53, pl. ii. figs. 1-3 1837). eee esculapii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 845 (1854) ; Cope, Proc. Ae. Philud, 1860, p. 259; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 315, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl. ii. figs. 2 & 3 (1866); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 166 (1895). 181. ERYTHROLAMPRUS. 201 Erythrolamprus beauperthuisii, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 850. venustissimus, Don. & Bibr. t.c. p. 851, pl. lxxiv.; Giinth. Cat. p. 47 (1858); Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 169 (1858); Cope, 1. ¢.; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 658, pl. xxxviii. fig. 4 (1886). —— milberti, Dum. & Bubr. t. ce. p. 854. —— intricatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 855. —— albostolatus, Cope, 1. eesculapii, vars. monozona, dicranta, bizona, confluentus, tetra- zona, Jan, l. c. ocellatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 642. —— guentheri, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 154 (1883). Snout very short, convex, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one preocular (rarely divided), two postoculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 1+1); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 172-204; anal divided ; subcaudals 38-61. Coloration very variable; body usually with black annuli. Total length 780 millim.; tail 105. Tropical America. A. Annuli single, wide apart, 11 or 12 on the body ; the scales on the red interspaces tipped with black ; head-shields all spotted or margined with black ; two black bands across the head, the first passing through the eyes, the second on the occiput. (E. monozona, Jan.) a. g (V.192; C. 50). Bahia, b-c. ¢ (V. 195; C. Brazil. Sir C. Stuart [P.]. 51) & yg. (V. 201; C. 53). B. As in the preceding, but annuli in pairs (11 to 15 pairs on the body). (C. veniustissimus, Wied.) a. f (V. 194; C. 49). Rio Janeiro. Haslar Collection. 6. 6 (V.197; C.51). Brazil. G. Lennox Conyng- ham, Esq. (Ps. e. Yg.(V.191;C.60). Venezuela. Mr. Dyson fo) d. 9 (V.186; C. 51). Cali, Columbia, 3200 ft. ee 6 . Rosen- erg [C.]. e. 2 (V.197; 0. 50). Irazu, Costa Rica. TP] odman, Esq. f-g. Yg. (V. 198,198; Chiriqui. G. Champion, Esq. 0, 61). [C4 oo % sq. [P.]. h. Ad. skeleton. Brazil. G. Lennox Conyng- ham, Esq. [P.]. 202 COLUBRIDA.- C. Annuli in pairs, 11 to 14 on the body, the pairs separated from one another by red interspaces, which are about as long as or a little longer than one annulus; red scales tipped with black ; head yellow, with a black cross-band passing through the eyes and another on the occiput. (C. esculapii, L.) a. 3 (V. 186; C. 46). Demerara. Dr. Hancock LF b-c. 9 (V. 190, 182; Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove [C.}, C. 45, 39). d. 3 (V. 187; C. 38). Para. e. 9 (V.194; C. 40). Brazil. J. a aaa Esq. - f. 2 (V.178; 0.389). Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett cE g Hgr. 2 (V. 188; Cayaria, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; C. ?). Messrs. Veitch [P.]. D. Annuli in pairs, 12 or 13 on the body, but the pairs incompletely divided, and separated by broad red interspaces; the red scales tipped with black ; head black in front and behind, with a yellow band across the temples and occiput. a-b. 3 (V.175; C.?) Chontalez, Nicaragua *. R.A, Rix, Esq. [C.]; & yg. (V. 172; C. W. M. Crowfoot, 49), Esq. [P.]. E. Like C, but annuli in two approximated pairs separated by wide interspaces ; 8 double pairs of annuli on the body. (£. éetra- zona, Jan.) a. Yg.(V. 191;C. 47). Mapuri R., Upper Beni, Senckenberg Mus. olivia. [E.]. F. Intermediate between C and D. Each annulus has a tendency to divide into two, the scales in the middle bearing each a light spot ; 8 pairs of annuli on the body. a. Pri (V. 174; C. Huallaga R., N.E. Peru. 6). G. Annuli in pairs, very broad, with a tendency to divide, each bearing some light spots; the wider interspaces not broader than the black annuli and unspotted, the narrower interspaces with the scales black-tipped; 9 pairs of annuli on the body ; * Dr. Giinther has noticed (Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 166) that the groove on the posterior maxillary tooth is absent in these specimens. At his suggestion one of the specimens has been handed over to Mr. G. S. West, who is now engaged in investigating the poison-glands of Opisthoglyphous Snakes, and I have been favoured with the felleriig report :—‘ The buccal glands of Erythro- lamprus esculapii and of the Hrythrolamprus from Nicaragua are precisely identical in disposition and extent, and they have the same structure. The maxille only differ in the former possessing on the two posterior slightly larger teeth a very shallow groove, which does not extend more than two-thirds the way to the apex of the tooth.” 181. BRYTHROLAMPRUS. 203 head yellow, with a few small black spots and a black cross- bar passing through the eyes; no occipital cross-bar. a, 3 (V.198; C. ?). Cayaria, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Messrs. Veitch [P. ]. H. Annuli in pairs, with a tendency to divide, broader than the interspaces between them, which bear some scanty black dots ; 12 pairs of annuli on the body; head yellow, with a black cross-bar passing through the eyes, and another on the occiput. a. $ (V.197; C. 46). British Guiana. I. Annuli in pairs, the interspaces not broader than the single annuli and unspotted; 11 pairs of annuli on the body; head yellow, with a black occipital cross-band; the anterior cross- band much reduced and interrupted on the frontal shield. a. f (V.191; 0.?). Surinam. C. W. Ellascombe, Esq. [P.]. K. Annuli in pairs, the interspaces broader than the single annuli and unspotted; 11 pairs of annuli on the body ; head yellow, with a black cross-bar passing through the eyes, and a small transverse black blotch behind the occiput. a, Yg.(V.190; C. 41). British Guiana. L, Annuli in pairs, separated by narrow interspaces, 13 to 20 pairs; head with the two black cross-bars as in O. (C. agilis, L.) a-e,f, 9.3 (V.175, 180, Berbice. 179, 176, 176 ;C. 43, 44,44, 42, 42) & 9 v. 182, 180; C. 42, A. 3 (V.181; C.46). British Guiana. t 2 (V.180; C. 43). W. Indies (?). Miss Saul [P.]. M. Annuli equidistant and very numerous (30 to 35), edged with yellowish and separated by dark reddish-brown or nearly black interspaces ; head black, with a yellow blotch across the parietal and temporal regions. a-b. § (V.196;C.48) Moyobamba, E. Peru. Mr, A. H. Roff [C.]. & 9 (V.187; 0.40). N. Intermediate between M and 0. The body entirely black above (through darkening of the red interspaces), with 42 whitish cross-lines ; head asin L. (. guentheri, Garm.) a. Yg. (V. 193; C. 42). Mexico (?). 204 COLUBRIDA. « 0. Body black, with 62 whitish cross-lines; head entirely black above. (E. confluentus, Jan.) a. 2 (V. 182; C. 46). Moyobamba, E. Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [0.}, P. Reddish above, scales tipped with black, without annuli on the body, but a dorsal series of 25 or 26 large roundish black spots with light centre; tail with black annuli; head and nape black above. (£. ocellatus, Peters.) a. 2 (V. 178; C. 40). —? Zoological Society. b. 2 (V.177; C. 46). —? College of Surgeons, 2. Erythrolamprus decipiens, Tachymenis decipiens, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 163, pl. liii. fig. A (1895). Snout very short, moderately depressed, rounded. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one preocular; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+1, the first usually absent, fused with the sixth upper labial, which then forms a suture with the parietal ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 166-173 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 85 or more. Dark brown, with a yellow, black-edged lateral streak from behind the temple to the end of the tail, and another along the outer row of scales, the lower black border of which extends on the ends of the ventral shields ; an elliptical yellow, black-edged spot on each parietal shield behind the eye; upper lip yellowish, black-edged ; lower parts yellowish white. Total length 630 millim.; tail (end missing) 190. Costa Rica. ‘ a-c. 3 (V. 168; C. ?) Trazu, Costa Rica. F. D. Godman, Esq. p ¢ ede 178, 166 ; [P.]. (Types.) 2, ?). 3. Erythrolamprus grammophrys. Erythrolamprus grammophrys, Dugés, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxv. 1888, p. 181, fig., and La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1890, p. 402, pl. xxvii. fig. 13. Tachymenis grammophrys, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 162 (1895). Allied to E. wmperialis, but loreal much longer than deep, only seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, and scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175; subcaudals 50 or more. Back greyish brown, sides reddish brown; a whitish line on each side of the 181. ERYTHROLAMPRUS. 205 upper surface of the head; rostral and upper labials brown above and grey beneath, the two colours separated by a white line ; lower arts uniform yellowish white. Total length 360 millim. Michoacan, Mexico. 4, Erythrolamprus lateritius. Coniophanes lateritius, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Tachymenis melanocephala, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876, —— lateritia, Garm. N. dm. Rept. p. 61 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C.- Am., Rept. p. 162 (1895). Erythrolamprus melanocephalus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 82, 1887, p. 78. —— lateritius, Cope, J. v. Snout acute and prominent, head broad behind. Frontal shield nearly as broad as long; loreal square; one pre-and two post- oculars; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows. Bright vermilion above, punctulated with brown, passing through orange to golden on the belly; head and nape black, the labials bordered and traversed by yellow lines, and the parietals dotted with the same; throat and chin yellow, black-spotted. Guadalajara, Mexico. 5. Erythrolamprus dromiciformis. Tachymenis dromiciformis, Peters, Mon. Bert. Ac. 1863, p. 273. Coniophanes dromiciformis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 128, and 1868, p. 104. Erythrolamprus dromiciformis, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 676. Coniophanes signatus, Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 91. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one preocular (sometimes divided); two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 123-128; anal divided; subcaudals 71-80. Yellowish above, speckled with brown and with a brown vertebral stripe, five scales wide, and a dark brown lateral streak extending to the head and passing through the eye; lips speckled with brown; yellowish beneath, outer ends of ventrals dark brown or with a dark brown dot. Total length 335 millim. ; tail 105. Western Ecuador. a-b, (V. 126, 128; C.71, ?). Guayaquil. 206 COLUBRID, 6. Erythrolamprus imperialis. Coronella fissidens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 36 (1858), and Zool. Rec, 1866, p. 126. Teniophis imperialis, Baird § Gir. Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv, ii. 7 p. 23, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, odniophanes proterops, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 249 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 654 (1886). Glaphyrophis lateralis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. p. 304, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. v. fig. 3 (1866). Tachymenis fissidens, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 62 (1888); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 161 (1895). Coniophanes imperialis, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 38 (1875), and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 183; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 505. — lateralis, FP. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 598. Tachymenis imperialis, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 61 (1883). ae proterops, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, ee imperialis, Cope, 1. ¢. p. 382. a ta imperialis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, a proterops, Cope, J. e. Head as in E. Jissidens, but smaller. Rostral once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 142; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 120-148; anal divided; subcaudals 67-94. Brown above, sides, down to the ends of the ventrals, darker; a blackish vertebral line or stripe often present; a blackish lateral streak edged above with yellowish on the anterior part of the body, and preceded by a yellow round or oval spot on the nape; a light line may be present along the outer row of scales ; a yellow, black-edged line on each side of the head, from the canthus rostralis to the temple; upper lip white, dotted with black and edged with black above ; lower parts white, uniform, or with black dots, which are most numerous on the throat and neck. Total length 405 millim.; tail 160. Texas, Mexico, Central America. a. 2 (V. 126; C. ?). Mexico. M. Sallé [C.]. b. 2 (V. 123; C. 78). Mexico. e, d-e. Yg. (V. 126, Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]. 135,181; C. 69, 73, 75). 181. ERYTHROLAMPRUS. 207 f. d (V. 181; C. 75). Tampico. Mr. H.H. Smith [C.]; F. D.Godman, Esq. .. g- 2 (V. 128; C. ?). Hacienda del Hobo. P. Geddes, Esq. [P.]. ho V.128; C. ?). Tehuantepec. a 6 (V. 123; 0.94). Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. k. 9 (V.185; C. ?). Belize. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Ln, o. d (V.121; C. Stann Creek, Brit. Hon- Rev. J. Robertson 86), 9 (V, 180, duras. [C.}. 130; C. ?, 78), & a T. v. 129; C. 78). oo (V. 120; C.93) Brit. Honduras. oa 2 (V. 132, 182; é Pe 81, 79). 3 (Vv. 123, 123; ——P (Two of the types of %, 89, 87). C. fissidens.) 7. Erythrolamprus fissidens. Coronella fissidens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 36 (1858). Coniophanes unctigularis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 248, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 188; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 666. — fissidens, Cope, Ul. cc.; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 650, pl. xli. fig. 3 (1886). Dromicus chitalonensis, F Dill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1877, 407. Racliytone fissidens, part., Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 62 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am. , Rept. p. 161 (1895). Erythrolamprus fissidens, Cope, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 77. violaceus, Cope, 1. ¢. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral once and a half to nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep; one preocular (rarely divided); two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 117-140; anal divided ; subcaudals 64-89. Brown above, with or without longitudinal series of small dark spots, or an ill-defined dark vertebral stripe; a dark lateral streak ; a pair of more or less distinct fine yellowish lines on the neck, broken up into small spots anteriorly or preceded by a small roundish spot; labials grey or brown, speckled with black, with a yellow, above black-edged line runting along their upper border ; this line extends to the side of the neck ; throat speckled with blackish ; lower parts white, with more or less numerous black dots, which may form a regular series on each side of the belly. Total length 525 milfim. ; tail 145. Mexico and Central America. 208 COLUBRIDE. a-f. & (V. 128; C.?), Mexico. M. Sallé [C.]. Q (V. 129, 134, 129, 123 ; C. 69, ?, 67, 71), (Types.) & yg. (V. 135; C. 69). g- & WV. 131; C. 64). Mexico. i o., (V. 119, 118; Teapa, Tabasco. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. kh. Yg. (V.124; ©.?). Orizaba. 1. Her, (V.121; C.89). Tehuantepec. mn. 9 (V. 121, 119; Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. C. 77, 70). o-p. & (V. 117; C.?) Pacific Coast of 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. & 2 (V. 126; C.81). Guatemala. g-t. 6 (V. 121; C.?) Hacienda Rosade Dr. Rothschuh [C.]. & 2 (V. 128, 130, Jericho, Nicara- 129; C. 67, 70, ?). gua, 3260 ft. u. 9 (V. 129; C. 73). Matagalpa, Nicara- Dr. Rothschuh (C.]. gua. 8. Erythrolamprus bipunctatus. Coronella bipunctata, Giinth. Cat. p. 86 (1858), and Zool, Rec. 1866, p. 126. Glaphyrophis pictus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 304, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. v. fig. 4 (1866). Coniophanes bipunctatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 128, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 137; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 658, pl. xl. fig. 8 (1886). Tachymenis bipunctata, Garm. N, Am. Rept. p. 63 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 161 (1895). Erythrolamprus bipunctatus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 82, 1887, p. 77. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals not more than half as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one prxocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 135-142; anal divided; subcaudals 85-94. Brown or reddish above, with a more or less distinct darker verte- bral line and a dark lateral streak; some white, black-edged dots on the head ; lips white, spotted or marbled with blackish ; a white, black-edged line from the eye to the angle of the mouth through the three last upper labials ; belly and lower surface of tail whitish (red ?), with two regular series of round black spots or ocelli; a brown dot on the outer end of each ventral shield. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 190. Honduras. 182. HyDRocALAMUS. 209 a, Her. (V. 140; C.94). Belize. F. D. Godman, Es a b-d. g (V.187; C.91), Stann Creek, Brit. Rev. J. Robertson {| |. 2 (V. 142; C.?), & Honduras. e, Her. g (V. 195; —~? (Type.) 9. Erythrolamprus piceivittis. Coniophanes piceivittis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc, xi. 1869, p- 149; Bocourt, Mass. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 656, pl. xli. fig. 2 (1886). Tachymenis teniata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876. —— picvivittis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 20, and Biol, C.--Am., Rept. p. 160 (1895). Erythrolamprus piceivittis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 77. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 158- 169; anal divided ; subcaudals 82-93. Dark brown above, with two whitish longitudinal streaks which extend to the canthi rostrales ; these streaks may be interrupted on the occiput; upper lip and sides brownish white; lower parts uniform white. Total length 520 millim.; tail 150. Mexico. a. g (V. 162; C. 91). Yucatan, b. 2 (V. 164; C. 98). Mexico. 182. HYDROCALAMUS. Homalopsis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 967 (1854). Hydrocalamus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 811 (1895). Maxillary teeth 12, gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved fangs situated behind the vertical of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 21 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Central America, VOL, III. P 210 COLUBRID, 1. Hydrocalamus quinqguevittatus. Homalopsis quinquevittatus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 975 (1854). Calopisma quinquevittatum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iti. 1865, p. 244, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. ii. (1868). Hydrops lubricus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 217. quinquevittatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 36 (1883). Hydrocalamus quinquevittatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 164 (1895) ; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 811, pls. lv. tig. 6 & Ix. fig. 3 (1895). Head much depressed ; snout short, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals narrowed in front, a little longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as broad as the supravcular, once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal, if present, longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 151-164; anal divided; subcaudals 65-71. Dark brown or blackish, with two pale brown longitudinal bands, or brown with a black lateral band; outer row of scales and a portion of the second white; lips white, each shield with a round black spot; ventral shields white, each with two transversely oval black spots forming two regular longi- tudinal series; on the posterior half of the tail the spots unite to form a zigzag line. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 160. Mexico and Guatemala. a. @ (V. 164; C. 68). Mexico. Christiania Museum. 183. SCOLECOPHIS. Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1887). Homalocranium, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 855 (1854). Scolecophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 259, and 1861, p. 74; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p..677 (1883). Platycranion, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 40 (1863). Procinura, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 262. Maxillary teeth 13 to 15, small, equal, followed by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Central America. This genus connects Erythrolamprus with Homalocranium, being distinguished from the former by its smaller eye and shorter grooved teeth and from the latter by the presence of a loreal, e 183, scoLEcoPHis. 211 Synopsis of the Species. Scales smooth; nostril between two nasals; ventrals 181-198 ........ 1. atrocinctus, p. 211. Scales smooth ; nasal single; ventrals DB QE Ol. sciic avers io: olesaronatars daca stestue ie 2. michoacanensis, p. 211. Posterior dorsal and caudal scales keeled ; nostril between two nasals; ventrals 148... ....... eGuaaie 3. emulus, p. 212. 1. Scolecophis atrocinctus. Calamaria atrocincta, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 47 (1837). Homalocranium atrocinctum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 864 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. ii. fig. 7 (1866). Elaps zonatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1855, p. 35. Scolecophis atrocinctus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 259; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 577, pl. xxxvii. fig. 2 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 156 (18965). zonatus, Cope, J. c. Eye not quite half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as or ‘longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 181-198; anal divided; subcaudals 45-54. Annulate black and yellow, the black annuli broader than the yellow ones; head black above, with a yellow cross-bar on the snout, and a yellow spot behind the eye. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 47. Guatemala. a-c. 3 (V.181; C.47) Duefias, Guatemala. _O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. & 2 (V. 198, 188; C. 45, 50). a, Yg. (V. 198; 0.47). —? Dr. Giinther [P.], 2. Scolecophis michoacanensis. Contia michoacanensis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, 178. Homalocranium michoacanense, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 150, pl. xxxvi. figs. B & C (1895). Elapomorphus michoacanensis, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 218. Eye nearly half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the P2 212 COLUBRID, preefrontals; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire ; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. . Ventrals. 152-170 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-45. Red above, with pairs. of black cross-bars enclosing yellow ones ; a large black spot on the head, behind the snout; lower parts whitish. Total length 285 millim.; tail 55. Mexico. a-b. § (V. 166; C. 45) Mezquital del Oro. Dr. A. C. Buller (C.].. & 2 (V.170; C. 42). 3. Scolecophis emulus. Procinura emula, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 262.. Rostral visible from above; frontal broad, acutely pointed behind; parietals short ; nostril between two nasals; loreal quad- rangular ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin- shields much longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, keeled. on the posterior dorsal region; caudal scales keeled, tubercular. Ventrals 148 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 41. Body encircled with black annuli, which are broadly bordered with yellow and separated by red interspaces of twice their width ; the red scales with a central black spot; a large black spot covering the frontal, parietal, and supraocular shields. Total length 364 millim. ; tail 61. Southern Chihuahua, Mexico. 184. HOMALOCRANIUM. Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Cleelia, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 187 (1830). Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Homalocranium, part., Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc, xxiii. 1858, p. 490, and Erp, Gién. vii. p. 855 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 18 (1858). Tantilla, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 181 (1853) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 597. Lioninia, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 484, Homalocranium, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 50}. Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 778 (1883). Microdromus, Giiinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 17. Pogonaspis, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1894, p. 204. Maxillary teeth small, equal, 12 to 14, followed by a pair of feebly-enlarged grooved teeth, situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; no loreal 184. HoMALOCRANIUM, 213 shield. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows. Southern North America; Central America; Tropical South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Frontal not more than twice as broad as the posterior border of the supraocular; seven upper labials; two postoculars. A. Frontal hexagonal. 1. Ventrals 120 or more. a. Two pairs of chin-shields. a. Rostral much broader than deep ; frontal considerably longer than broad. * Hye about half as long as the snout. + Frontal not more than once and a half as long as broad; subcaudals 46-71. First lower labial usually in contact with its fellow; seven upper labials; [p. 215. | body uniform or with dark stripes .. 1. melanocephalum, First lower labial in contact with its fellow ; seven upper labials; body with dark transverse spots or bars .. 2, annulatum, p. 217. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; eight upper labials ; body with three light stripes............ 8. trilineatum, p. 217. +t Frontal twice as long as broad; subcaudals 85. 4. longifrontale, p. 218. ** Hye not half as long as the snout. + Posterior nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the preeocular. Ventrals 138-158; subcaudals 40-58.. 5. coronatum, p. 218. Ventrals 149-179 ; subcaudals 59-70.. 6. rubrum, p. 219. ++ Posterior nasal very small and widely separated from the preocular.. 7. semicinetum, p. 219. B. Rostral a little broader than deep. * First lower labial broadly in contact with its fellow ; eye not half as long as the snout. Frontal considerably longer than broad. 8. fuscum, p. 220. Frontal scarcely longer than broad .... 9. boulengert, p. 221. ** First lower labial separated from or narrowly in contact with its fellow. + Eye not half as long as the snout; ventrals 121- 185; subcaudals 32-38. 10. schistosum, p. 221. as 214 COLUBRID, tt Eye about half as long as the snout; ventrals. 147-175 ; subcaudals 55-65. Nostril much nearer the internasal than the first labial ................-- 12. miniatum, p. 222. Nostril not nearer the internasal than the first labial .............-04., 13. virgatum, p. 223.. b. A single pair of chin-shields.. 14. rujficeps, p. 223. 2. Ventrals 110...............- 11. canula, p. 222. B. Frontal pentagonal, or very slightly angulate in front. Anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior and separated from the symphysial ......0.0c0ere cee ones 15. bocourti, p. 224. Anterior chin-shields longer than the posterior and in contact with the symphysial........... cee cece ees 16. reticulatum, p. 224, ~ II. Frontal more than twice as broad as the posterior border of the supraocular. A. Rostral small, scarcely visible from above; seven upper labials ; two postoculars ...... 17. mastum, p. 225. B. Rostral large, well visible from above. “1. Seven upper labials. a, Analentire .............. 18. vermiforme, p. 225.. b, Anal divided. Frontal scarcely longer than broad ; upper portion of rostral about half as long as its distance from the frontal ........ 19. breve, p. 225. Frontal considerably longer than broad ; upper portion of rostral about half as long as its distance from the frontal.. 20. atriceps, p. 226. Upper portion of rostral about two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal occas ai heather eens 21. planiceps, p. 226. 2. Six upper labials ; one postocular. Upper portion of rostral much shorter [p. 227. than its distance from the frontal.... 22. calamarinum, Upper portion of rostral nearly as long as its distance from the frontal...... 23. gracile, p. 228. 184, HoMALOCRANIUM. 215 . Taste sHowing Numsers or Surerps. Vv. 0. Postoc. Lab. melanocephalwm ...crccerseveee 133-171 46-71 2 7 ANNULGLUWIN verceceeesecrcceeees 149 54 2 7 brilineatum veccacccecacreccenees 145-163 68-69 2 8 longifrontale ...cecsccecssee ses 158 85 2 7 COTONALUIN ...cecescnececacesesens 138-158 40-58 2 7 PUDTUN & Q (V. 154, 150; C.P, 52). (Types of var. foe u. Her. (V. cae C. 58). §S. America. E. Laforest, eae v. @ (V. 158; C. 52). Mexico (?). M. Sallé [C.]. (?) (Type of E. mexicanus.) The latter specimen agrees so completely with Ecuador specimens, that I cannot refer it to a distinct species although the nasal shield is single-—The specimen is probably not from M. Sallé’s Mexican Collection. 184. HoMALOCRANIUM. 217 Tantilla pallida, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 56, from Matto Grosso, Brazil, appears to agree in every respect with H. melanocephalum, except in having the first lower labial separated from its fellow by the symphysial. This is probably merely an individual variation, as the condition described by Cope is nearly attained by two of the specimens from Para in the Museum. 2. Homalocranium annulatum. Tantilla annulata, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1892, p. 419. Homalocranium annulatum, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 150 (1895). The description does not give any structural characters by which this form may be distinguished from H. melanocephalum, but the coloration is very different. Head black; snout to the middle of the prefrontals yellow; fifth upper labial yellow ; two narrow yellow collar-bars, each broadly edged with black, the anterior crossing the extremity of the parietal shields; anterior third of body dark grey-brown, with alternating yellow, black-edged transverse spots or bars extending from the vertebral line to the outer ends of the ventrals ; lower parts uniform yellow. Total length 484 millim.; tail 99. Nicaragua. 8. Homalocranium trilineatum. cr aa trilineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 221, pl.—. g. 2. Homalocranium teniatum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 587, pl. xxxvii. fig. 3 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 151 (1895). trivittatum, F. Miill, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, . 678. Tantilla teniata, Cope, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 83. Eye half as long as the snout. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and a half as long as’ broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with the preocular ; two postoculars ; tem- porals 14+1; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow, the symphysial being in contact with the anterior chin-shields; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145-163; anal divided ; subcaudals - 68-69. Brown above, with three yellowish, dark-edged longitudinal lines ; a yellowish cross-band on the occiput, not connected with the longitudinal lines ; a yellowish spot on each side of the head behind the eyes ; lower parts whitish. Total length 275 millim. ; tail 65. Guatemala, Honduras. a. & (V.163; C.69). Bonacca Td., Honduras. F. i ae Esq. 218 COLUBRID. 4. Homalocranium longifrontale. (Puare IX. fig. 3.) Homalocranium longifrontale, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 17. Eye about half as long as the snout. lRostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals not half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior widely separated from the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 158; anal divided; subcaudals 85. Pale brown above, with five dark brown longitudinal lines; head and nape black ; a yellow band across the snout; a yellow blotch on each side of the head behind the eye, a round yellow spot on each side of the vertex, between the supraocular and the parietal, another pair on the back of the head between the parietal and the second temporal, and a yellow dot on each parietal near the median suture; the black of the nape bordered with yellow behind; a series of blackish dots along the outer row of scales; lower parts white. Total length 280 millim. ; tail 83. Colombia. a & (V. 158; C. 85). Cali, 3200 feet. My. W. F. H. Rosenberg [C.]. (Lype.) 5. Homalocranium coronatum. Tantilla coronata, Baird § Gur. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 181 (1853), and Rep. U.S. Explor. R, R. x. pt. iii. pl. xxiii. fig. 96 (1859) ; Garm. N, Am. Rept. p. 88 (1888) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 598; Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, . 838. oii na louuarann wagneri, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 51, and Icon. Gén. 15, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1866). Homalocranium melanocephalum, part., Jan, l. c. p. 51. Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; frontal longer than broad, hexagonal, shorter then the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; anterior chin-shields longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 138-158; anal divided; subcaudals 40-58. Uniform reddish brown above; head deep chestnut-brown, with a yellowish cross- bar on the occiput, edged with black behind ; lower parts whitish. Total length 220 millim. ; tail 35. South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi. 184, HoMALOcRANIUM. 219 H. wagneri, Jan, from Florida, which is referred{to the synonymy of H. coronatum by Cope, differs in having the symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, and an undivided anal shield. Loennberg also notes a specimen from Florida in which the first pair of lower labials do not come in contact on the median line, although very close together. 6. Homalocranium rubrum. Tantilla rubra, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 144. Homalocranium rubrum, Bocourt, Miss.: Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 590, Base fig. 6 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 155 Eye not half as long as the snout. MRostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with or more or less narrowly separated from the pre- ocular; two postoculars; temporals 14+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 149-179; anal divided; subcaudals 59-70. Uniform red above ; back of head and nape black, with a yellow bar across the occiput; snout and upper lip behind the eye yellow; lower parts yellowish white. Total length 390 millim.; tail 90. Mexico. a. & (V.179; C.70). Orizaba. &. Yg. (V. 154; C. 59). Tapana, Tehuantepec. M. Sumichrast [C.]; F. D, Godman and O. Salvin, Esqrs. P [P.]}. e-d. 2 (V. 155, 158; 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman, “Esq. C.?, 65). [P.}. 7, Homalocranium semicinctum. Homalocranium semicinctum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 862 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 58, and Icon. Gén. 15, pl. ii. fig. 6 (1866). — laticeps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 240. supracinctum, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 272. Tantilla laticeps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 74. —— semicincta, Cope, J. v. ; Homalocranium lineatum, Fischer, Oster-Progr. Akad. Gymn. Hamb. 1883, p. 6, pl. —. figs. 6-8. Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral much broader than Y. 220 COLUBRID, deep, visible from above; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior very small and widely separated from the preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 143-180; anal divided; subcaudals 50-72. Whitish above, with large black spots or irregular cross-bands, or with two broad black stripes separated by a white vertebral line, or blackish, with whitish cross-bands ; end of snout whitish ; a white occipital cross-bar, usually interrupted in the middle; lower parts white. Total length 470 millim. ; tail 80. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador. a-c. 9 (V. 159; C. ?). Colombia. Dr. J. G. Fischer. & yg. (V. 180, 168 ; C. 50, 57). da. 2 (V. 168; C.?). Carthagena. Capt. Garth [P.]. (Type of H. laticeps.) e. 2 (V. 166; C.?). Rosario de Cucuta. Mr. C. Webber [C.]. 8. Homalocranium fuscum. Homalocranium melanocephalum, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 51, and Icon. Gién. 16, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1866); Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 147 (1895). —— melanocephalum, var. fuscum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 589 (1883). —— jani, Giinth. 1. c. p. 148, pl. lii. fig. D. —— armillatum, part., Giinth. 1. c. p. 149. Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with or separated from the preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 186-159; anal divided ; subcaudals 44-49. Brown above, with or without a light, dark-edged lateral line, with or without a blackish vertebral line ; head dark brown or blackish above, with yellow markings as in H. melanocephalum. Total length 245 millim. ; tail 50. Guatemala, Nicaragua. 184, HOMALOORANIUM. ‘22h a. 2 (V.159; 0.44). Duefias, Guatemala, 0. Salvin, Esq. b. & (V. 147; C. 49). Guatemala. F. D. Godmes Ee, P.]. ce. 2 (V.186; C.?), Hacienda Rosa de pe othochuh [C.]. Jericho, Nicaragua. (Types of H. jani.) 9. Homalocranium boulengeri. Homalocranium boulengeri, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am. Y pl. li. fig. F (1895). i a Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep; internasals more than half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, scarcely longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular; two post~ oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 161; anal divided; subcaudals 46. Uniform red above; head black, with the sides of the snout, a spot on the lip behind the eye, and a cross-bar on the occiput yellowish; lower parts whitish. Total length 240 millim.; tail 40. Mexico. a. 3 (V. 161; C. 46). Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 10. Homalocranium schistosum. Homalocranium schistosum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 584, pl. xxxvi. fig. 10 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 152 (1895). Tantilla schistosa, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 83. Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, scarcely longer than broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril be- tween two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial widely sepa- rated from its fellow, the symphysial being in contact with the anterior chin-shields; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 121-135; anal divided; subcaudals 32-38. Dark brown above, snout and a cross-bar on the occiput yellowish ; lower parts yellowish. Total length 220 millim. ; tail 42. Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua. 222 COLUBRIDZ, a. & (V.185; C.38). Guatemala. F. D. Godman, Esq.[P.]. b Ge 3 (V.1380; Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. Rothschuh (C.]. . 32). 11. Homalocranium canula. Tantilla canula, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 144. Homalocranium canulum, Giinth. Biol. C-.Am., Rept. p. 153 (1895). Snout rather wide, but projecting beyond the mouth. Frontal rather small, hexagonal, longer than its distance from the rostral; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow by the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 110; anal divided; subcaudals 37. Colour leaden, darker above ; head-shields with paler borders and centres. Total length 172 millim. ; tail 37. Yucatan. 12. Homalocranium miniatum. Tantilla miniata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 100, Journ. Ae. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 144, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 597. Homalocranium deppii, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 584, pl. xxxvi. fig. 11 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 161 (1895). Tantilla deppei, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 83. Homalocranium miniatum, Giinth. 1. c. p. 146. Eye about half the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril be- tween two nasals, much nearer the internasal than the first labial ; posterior nasal in contact with the preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 14-1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow, the symphysial reaching the anterior chin-shields ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-152; anal divided; subcaudals 55. Pale brown above, with five dark brown longitu- dinal lines; head dark brown above, yellowish on the sides; a yellow bar across the occiput, divided in the middle by the dark vertebral line ; lower parts yellowish white (red in life). Total length 270 millim. ; tail 65. Mexico. a. 6 (V. 152; C, 55). 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. 223 13. Homalocranium virgatum. Microdromus virgatus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 17, pl. iv. fig. B. Homalocranium sexfasciatum, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. 1882, p. 225, pl. xiv. figs. 8-10. — virgatum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc, Mex., Rept. p. 584, pl. xxxvi. fig. 4 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C.--Am., Rept. p. 154, pl. lii. fig. A (1895). = Tantilla sexfasciata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 83. —— virgata, Cope, 1. c. p. 84. Eye about half the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; two post- oculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from or narrowly in contact with its fellow, the symphysial usually reaching the anterior chin-shields ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 154-175; anal divided; subcaudals 57-65. Pale brown above, with four darker stripes edged with blackish ; a blackish line along each side of the belly; a yellow, black-edged cross-bar on the occiput, interrupted in the middle ; upper lip and end of snout yellowish, with a black spot below the eye and another on the rostral shield ; lower parts yellowish white. Total length 315 millim. ; tail 75. Costa Rica. a-d, g (V. 154; C. 57) & @ Cartago, Costa Rica. (Types.) (V. 173, 175, 167; C. ?, 68, 59). 14. Homalocranium ruficeps. Pogonaspis ruficeps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 204. Rostral visible from above ; frontal elongate, hexagonal ; nostril between two nasals, the posterior not reaching the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; a single pair of chin-shields, in contact with four lower labials. Ventrals 146; anal divided. Light brown above; median row of scales deep brown; a narrow yellow line on the adjacent borders of the third and fourth rows of scales, which is bounded above by a dark brown line; upper surface of head light reddish brown, with a pale spot at the extremity of each parietal shield ; upper lip yellow, with a black spot below the eye ; lower parts yellow. Total length 223 millim. Costa Rica. 224 COLUBRID. 15. Homalocranium bocourti. Homalocranium coronatum (non B. § G.), Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 689, pl. xxxvii. fig. 5 (1883). bocourti, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 149 (1895). Eye half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal pentagonal, or very slightly angulate in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 172- 176; anal divided; subcaudals 55. Pale reddish above, without spots or markings; head black, with a yellowish cross-bar on the snout and a yellowish,.black-edged occipital cross-bar just behind the parietals ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 245 millim. ; tail 50. Mexico. a. bd (V.172; C. 55). Guanajuato. Paris Mus. [E.]. (Type.) 16, Homalocranium reticulatum. Tantilla reticulata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p.77, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 598. Homalocranium reticulatum, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 152 (1895). Rostral broad, visible from above ; frontal broad, slightly angulate in front, acute-angled behind; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular; two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior in contact. with the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 148; anal divided; subcaudals 67. Chestnut-brown above, much darker posteriorly, the colour extending on the ends of the ventrals ; anteriorly, the scales are edged with darker, presenting a reticulated pattern; central row of scales lighter, forming a vertebral line ; third and fourth rows on each side also lighter, forming indistinct lines ; a yellowish-brown collar crosses the ends of the parietal shields; head-shields clouded and edged with darker; a deep brown mark extending from the parietals to the mouth across the yellowish labials; beneath pale yellow, deepening posteriorly. Total length 260 millim.; tail 80. Panama, 184, HomALOcRANIUM, 225 17. Homalocranium mestum. Homalocranium mostum, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1868, Ps 352; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 683, pl. xxxvi. fig. 9 1883); Giinth. Biol. C.--Am., Rept. p. 152, pl. hi. fig. E (1808). Tantilla meesta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 126. Eye nearly half as long as the snout. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals not half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular ; two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials,: third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow, the symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 140-148; anal divided; subcaudals 55-63. Blackish brown above and below, throat, temples, and occiput yellowish white. Total length 300 millim. Guatemala, a. 9 (V. 148; C.?). Peten. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 18. Homalocranium vermiforme. Lioninia vermiformis, Hallow, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 484. Tantilla vermiformis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74, and Journ. Ac, Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 145. Snout prominent. Rostral large, acute behind; frontal hexa- gonal, large, somewhat longer than broad; nostril between two nasals; two postoculars; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin- shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 122; anal single; sub- caudals 26. Whitish above, with numerous small brown spots; sometimes a narrow black vertebral line; head brown above, lighter on the snout, with a whitish blotch on the occiput; lower parts white. Total length 130 millim.; tail 18. Nicaragua. 19. Homalocranium breve. Homalocranium breve, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 150 (1895), Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, scarcely longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with the preocular ; VoL. III. Q 226 COLUBRIDE. two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with. its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 111; anal divided. Pale brown above, speckled with darker; head and nape darker; whitish beneath. Total length 140 millim. British Honduras. a. $ (V.111; C. ?). British Honduras O, Salvin, Esq. [P.}. (Type.) 20. Homalocranium atriceps. Homalocranium atriceps, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 146, pl. lii. fig. B (1895). Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 123- 125; anal divided; subcaudals 55-59. Pale reddish brown above ; upper surface of head blackish, bordered behind by a whitish cross- bar ; lower parts white. Total length 170 millim. ; tail 47. North Mexico. ab. go (V. 123, 125; C. 55, 59). Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. (Types.) 21. Homalocranium planiceps. Coluber planiceps, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus, iv. 1835, p. 294, pl. xxvii. fig. 8 Hie sicceantines planiceps, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 857 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 51, and Icon. Gién. 16, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1866); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 581, pl. xxxvi. fig. 7 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 145 (1895). Tantilla nigriceps, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 328; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 598. Scolecophis fumiceps, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 371. Tantilla planiceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 597. Homalocranium preoculum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 582, pl. xxxvi. fig. 8. Eye not half as long as the snout, which is much depressed and 184, HoMALocRANIUM, 227 very prominent. Rostral large, broader than deep, its upper portion measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal ; internasals about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, a, little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril in a divided or semidivided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular; latter exceptionally divided; one or two postoculars *; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with or separated from its fellow ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 121-153; anal divided; subcaudals 42-58. Pale brown above, head dark brown or black; lower parts white. Total length 260 millim. ; tail 50. Lower California to Western Texas and North Mexico. a-c,d. $ (V.127,126; C.?, Duval Co, Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. 58), 9 (V. 153; 0. 45), & yg. (V. 121; ©. 57). 22. Homalocranium calamarinum. Tantilla calamarina, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad, 1866, p. 320, and Journ. Ae. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 148. bimaculata, Cope, Journ. dc. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 148. Homalocranium bimaculatum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 580, pl. on fig. 6 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 154 (1895). Eye not half as long as the snout, which is prominent. Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, slightly longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular; one post- ocular; temporals 1+1, the anterior sometimes separated from the postocular by the contact of the parietal and fifth labial; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial sepa- rated from its fellow by the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 119-132; anal divided; subcaudals 27-35. Pale brown above, with three brown longi- tudinal lines, the vertebral extending to the head, which is dark brown, and dividing a yellowish occipital blotch; end of snout yellowish ; lower parts white. Total length 195 millim. ; tail 25. Mexico. * Two of the specimens in the Collection have one postocular on each side ; the third has one on the left side and two on the right; whilst in the fourth the postocular is fused with the supraocular. 9 Q 228 COLUBRID, a-c. g& (V. 122; C. 81), 2 San Blas. Hr. A. Forrer (C.].. (V. 126 ; C. 27), & hgr. (V. 132; 0.27). 23. Homalocranium gracile. Tantilla gracilis, Baiwd § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. pp. 182, 161 (1858) ; Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 246; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 87, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1888); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 598. — hallowellii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 77. Homalocranium gracile, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 50, and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1866); Bocourt, Miss. Sc, Mex., Rept. p. 579, pl. xxxvi. fig. 5 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 146 (1895). Eye not half as long as the snout, which is much depressed and very prominent. Rostral large, a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals at least half as long as the preefrontals; frontal’ hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; one postocular ; temporals 1+1, the first sometimes narrowly separated from the postocular by the contact of the parietal and the fifth labial; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial usually separated from its fellow by the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 112-133; anal divided; subcaudals 41-51. Pale brown or reddish above, uniform or speckled with dark brown, some- times with a dark vertebral line ; upper surface of head darker brown ; ellowish or orange below. Total length 195 millim.; tail 44. Texas. a. & (V. 122; C. ?) Texas, Smithsonian Institution. b, ¢, d-g, h-t. 3 (V.115,114, Duval Co., W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. 114, 115, 114, 112; C. 48, Texas. 46, 47, 61, 49,?) & @ (V. 117, 126; C.?, 43). 185. OGMIUS. Ogmius, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xi, 1869, p. 162, and Journ. Ae, Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 142. : Dentition as in Stenorhina. Head small, not distinct from neck eye small, with round pupil ; snout pointed and projecting; nostril in a single nasal; noloreal, Scales smooth, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico. mee 186. sTENORHINA. 229 1. Ogmius acutus. Genny ne (non Jan), Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xi. 1869, p. 162. —— acutus, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus, ix. 1886, p. 189, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no, 32, 1887, p. 82. Rostral plate produced, acute-angled, flat above; frontal longer than broad; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering theeye. Scales in 17 rows, Ventrals 127; anal divided; subcaudals 32. Greyish above, ‘with .a dorsal series of transverse dark spots; sides and head, including lips, unspotted. Total length 249 millim. ; tail 40. W. Tehuantepec. 186. STENORHINA. e Stenorhina, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 490, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 865 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 246 (1858) ; Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 63; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 592 (1883). Microphis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1854, p. 97. Bergenia, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 92 (1867). Maxillary teeth small, equal, 13 or 14, followed by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is fused with the internasal ; loreal often absent. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded, ‘Tail moderate or short; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador. 1. Stenorhina degenhardtii. Calamaria degenhardtii, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gtotting. iii, 1846, p. 8, pl. i. figs. 3&4; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 461. Stenorhina ventralis, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 867 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 246 (1858); Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 162. freminvillii, Dum. & Bibr. t. v. p. 868, pl. Ixx. figs. 1&2; Giinth. 1. ¢.; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 85 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 596, pl. xxxvii. fig. 8 (1886). : Microphis quinquelineatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 97, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) iii. 1855, p. 33, pl. iv. Stenorhina kennicottiana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 242, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 142. - quinquelineata, Cope, J. c. p. 248; Bocourt, 1c. p. 597, pl. xxxvil. 11 fig. 11. —lactea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 303. _ dlagonbiatdle Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 63, and Icon. Gén. 48, pl. ii. figs. 5 & 6 (1876) ; Cope, Journ, Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 142; Bocourt, Ll. c. Ra 504, pl. xxxvii. figs. 8 & 9; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 158 (1895). Bergenia mexicana, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 92, figs. (1867). 230 COLUBRID. Stenorhina degenhardtii apiata, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) viii- 1876, p. 142. Chilo enions mexicanus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 81. Snout short, obtusely pointed, prominent. Rostral large, broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one half to two thirds, or even equal to, its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as ora little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; loreal, if present, small, if absent fused: with the posterior nasal or with the prefrontal; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 2+3 or 4); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 136-174; anal divided; subcaudals 28-49. Coloration very variable. Total length 750 millim.; tail 100. Mexico to Ecuador. A. Belly more or less spotted with blackish; upper parts brown with more or less distinct darker spots and irregular cross- bars; these markings may entirely disappear in the adult, which is then uniform dark brown above. a. & (V. 148; C. 43). b-c. Q (V. 156, 161; C. 33, 33). Mexico. Atoyac, Vera Cruz. Mr.H.H.Smith(C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. d. Q (V. 159; C. 33). Vera Paz, Low O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Forest. e. db (V.141; C. 42), Pacific Coast of 0, Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Guatemala. SF & (V. 160; C. 31). Chontales, Nica- R.A. Rix, Esq. [C.]; ragua. a Bb Crowfoot, sq. [P.]. g- @ (V. 158; C.P). Cartago, Costa Rica. h. 3 (V. 136; C. 40). ik. Yg. (V. 152, 145; C. 33, 39). B. Belly uniform yellowish ; back pale brown. Buenaventura, Co- lombia. Zaruma, Ecuador. Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- berg [C.]. J. F. Gunter, Esq. [C.]. a. With five black longitudinal lines on the back. a é. Her. (V.171; 0.32). . g (V. 162; 0. 40). e 2 (V.171; ©.8l). Mexico. Jalapa, Mexico. Plain of Zacapa, Guatemala. Mr. Hoege [C.]. O. Salvin, Esq: [C.]. 6, A feebly-marked blackish vertebral line and a black streak behind the eye. d. & (V. 157; C. 40). Putla, Mexico. 187. xENOPHOLIs. 231 ce. No well-defined markings, 3 (V.170; C.38) Yucatan. 2 (V.173; C. 28). : (V. 162; C. 38). Tapana, Tehuan- MM. Sumichrast [C.]; tepec. F. D. Godman & O. Salvin, Esqrs. P.}. ef. % g 8 hk. 3 (V.171; C, 36). Cartago, Costa Rica. i. g (V.151; C. 46). —=f kK Ss Prof. Grant [P.], , Skeleton. Yucatan. 187. XENOPHOLIS. 0 Xenopholis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p- 440. Leela Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1874, p. 71. ed ae part., Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Maxillary teeth 14, small, followed after a short interspace by a pair of moderately enlarged, grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly Fig. 16. Vertebre of Xenopholis scalaris. a, Four middle dorsal vertebre, seen from above. . 6. Middle dorsal vertebr, lower view. c. Ditto, front view. distinct from neck ; eye rather small, with round pupil ; nasal entire ; prefrontals fused to a single shield. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather short; subcaudals in two rows. Neural spines of the vertebre expanded above, forming shields which are rugose and divided by a median groove. South America. 282 COLUBEIDZ. / 1. Xenopholis scalaris. Elapomorphus scalaris, Waucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 325; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 573. Renophole braconnieri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 441, pl. —. g. 3. Gerrhosteus prosopis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 71. Rostral slightly broader than deep, hardly visible from above; internasals small; prefrontal large *; frontal large, as broad as long, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small; nasal large ; loreal longer than deep; preocular single, larger than the supragcular, extending to the upper surface of the head and forming an extensive suture with the frontal; two postoculars, lower in contact with the anterior temporal; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 128-141; anal entire; subcaudals 28-39. Pale brown above, with a dark brown vertebral line separating large blackish-brown transverse spots or cross-bands; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 55. Brazil, Bolivia, Eastern Ecuador. a. & (V.129; C.34), Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. ue (Type.) 6. 2 (V. 141; ©. 28). Yungas, Bolivia. e 2 (V. 188; C. 34). Canelos, E. Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley [C.]. 188. APOSTOLEPIS. Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Elapomorphus, part., Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 489, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 882 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p.41; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Apostolepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p, 524, Hi pnchoars, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 487. Maxillary very short, with four or five small teeth, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small or minute, with round pupil; inter- nasals fused with. the preefrontals; nostril in a single nasal; no loreal ; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical. Scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. * The type specimen of Xenopholis braconnieri is anomalous in having the prefrontal split up into three shields. « 188. APosToLEPis, 233 Synopsis of the Species. I. A single labial in contact with the parietal; the diameter of the eye nearly equal to the distance between the eye and the oral margin. Two postoculars; ventrals199...... 1. coronata, p. 233. A single postocular ; ventrals 265 .. 2. assimilis, p. 234, II. Two or three labials in contact with the parietal ; eye minute. A. Fourth and fifth labials in contact with the parietal ; ventrals 250-260. Anal divided ................005, 3. flavitorquata, p. 234. Anal entire .............0000008 4. nigrolineata, p. 235, B. Fourth, fifth, and sixth labials in contact with the parietal ; ventrals 213 .......... see. 5, quinquelineata, p. 235, C. Fifth and sixth labials in contact with the parietal. 1. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields; ventrals 207 ............ 6. nigroterminata, p. 235. 2. First Jower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Snout feebly projecting; four lower labials in contact with the chin- shields, fourth largest; ventrals DOOM ate htrare. enieataaihuiaee cushe aia 7. dorbignyt, p. 236. Snout feebly projecting; five lower labials in contact with the chin- “shields, fifth largest; ventrals 244— A) eee ee ee een 8. erythronota, p, 236. Snout strongly projecting ; five lower labials in contact with the chin- shields; ventrals 224-242 ...... 9. ambinagra, p. 237. 1. Apostolepis coronata *. Elapomorphus coronatus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 110; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 582; Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. pl, xxxvi. fig. 1 (1886). Snout scarcely projecting; eye small, its diameter nearly equalling its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal ; latter shield a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal in contact with the preocular; two postoculars ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth in contact * M. Bocourt has kindly supplied me with notes on the type specimen. 234 COLUBRID, with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are equal in size; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 199; anal divided; subcaudals 47. Yellowish above, with three dark brown longitudinal streaks ; anterior half of head blackish, posterior half yellow, with a black cross-band behind the parietals; lower parts white. Total length 403 millim. ; tail 63. Habitat unknown. “ 2. Apostolepis assimilis. Elapomorphus assimilis, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1869, p. 235, pl. iv. figs. 1-5 (1861) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 43, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 4 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersd. xxix. 1884, p. 586. Snout feebly projecting; eye small, its diameter equalling its distance from the oral margin. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; frontal about once and three fifths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal not in contact with the preocular; a single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, first in contact with its fellow behind the sym- physial, fifth largest; chin-shields subequal in size. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 265; anal divided; subcaudals 33. Red above; head and nape black, separated by a white collar; preefrontals, nasal, and fourth upper labial white; end of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 530 millim.; tail 50. Minas Geraes, Brazil. “ 8. Apostolepis flavitorquata. Elapomorphus flavotorquatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 836 (1854); Guichen. in Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 55, pl. x- (1855) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 43, and Icon. Gién. 14, ie i, fig. 8 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, 58 p. 583. Apostolepis flavotorquata, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Snout feebly projecting ; eye minute. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal ; latter shield once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are twice as long as broad; nasal in contact with the preocular; a single postocular; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth and fifth in contact with the parietal; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in size; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 250; anal 188, aposToxerrs, 235 divided : subcaudals 27. Red above, yellow beneath ; head black above, with a yellow spot on each prefrontal and a pair on each side of the upper lip behind the eye; a yellow, black-edged nuchal collar ; end of tail black, the terminal shield white. Total length 500 millim. ; tail 40. Goyaz, Brazil. é 4, Apostolepis nigrolineata. Elapomorphus nigrolineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 489; Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. £85. Agrees with A. flavitorquata, except in the smaller rostral shield and the undivided anal. Ventrals 260; subcaudals 26. Brownish yellow above, with five black longitudinal lines, the outer broadest and on the fourth and fifth rows of scales; snout brownish yellow, rest of head black; a yellow spot on the third and fourth upper labials; end of tail black, except the terminal shield, which is whitish ; lower parts dirty yellow. Total length 375 millim.; tail 27. Habitat unknown. 5. Apostolepis quinquelineata. (Pxave X. fig. 1.) Snout scarcely projecting ; eye minute. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, half as long as the parietals; nasal in contact with the preocular; a single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth, fifth, and sixth in contact with the parietal; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in length, first in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial, fifth largest. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 213; anal divided; subcaudals 28. Pale reddish above, with five dark brown longitudinal lines, the outer broadest and on the second, third, and fourth rows of scales ; head dark brown, with a large yellowish blotch on the forehead and a small round yellowish spot below the eye; whitish beneath. Total length 165 millim.; tail 13. British Guiana. a, Hgr. o (V. 218; C. 28). Demerara. J. Quelch, Esq. [P.]. 6. Apostolepis nigroterminata. (Puate X. fig. 2.) Snout scarcely projecting; eye minute. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the pra- ocular; a single postocular; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior; five lower labials in contact with the 236 COLUBRID. chin-shields, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 207; anal divided ; subeaudals 26. Pale reddish above, with a dark brown vertebral line and a dark brown lateral streak on the second, third, and fourth rows of scales; a pair of rather indistinct brown lines on the fifth and sixth rows of scales; head dark brown above, with a round yellowish spot on the snout and a yellowish spot on the third and fourth upper labials; a yellowish nuchal collar; end of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 217 millim. ; tail 18. North-eastern Peru. a. & (V. 207; C. 26). Cayaria. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Messrs. Veitch [P.]. 7. Apostolepis dorbignyi. Calamaria d’orbignyi, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1887). Elapomorphus orbignyi, Dum. & Bibr. vil. p. 834 (1854); Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat. Phys, ii. 1862, p. 48, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 2 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 578. Apostolepis orbignyi, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Snout feebly projecting; eye minute. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal ; latter shield once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal not in contact with the preocular; a single postotular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial nearly touching the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior; four lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, fourth largest. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 160; anal divided; subcaudals 37. Red above; head and nape black, separated by a white collar; snout and fourth upper labials whitish ; end of tail black, except the terminal shield which is white; lower parts white. Total length 384 millim. ; tail 49. Chili (?) *. 8. Apostolepis erythronota. Elapomorphus erythronotus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 222; Strauch, Bull. Ac, St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 579. Apostolepis erythronotus lineatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 56. Form and lepidosis as in A. dorbignyi, but rostral larger, as in A, flavitorquata, nasal in contact with the preocular, and five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Ventrals 244-251 ; ‘ * As in many other specimens brought home by d’Orbigny, the locality is doubtful. I have recorded the species from Paraguay through confusion with A, ambinigra, 189, ELAPomMorvs. 237 anal divided ; subcaudals 28. Red above, head, sides, and end of tail black ; terminal caudal shield white; ventrals whitish, with two series of black spots. The latter spots absent in the variety described as lineata, which differs besides in the presence of five brown longitudinal lines on the body. Total length 595 millim.; tail 60. 8. Paulo and Matto Grosso, Brazil, 9. Apostolepis ambinigra. & Rhynchonyx ambiniger, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 438, pl. —. fig. 2. —— ambiniger vittatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, 56 p. 56. Elapomorphus erythronotus, Peraeca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no. 196, p. 20. Snout strongly projecting; eye minute. Rostral large, the portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the frontal; latter shield once and one fourth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the preocular; a single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal; five lower labials. in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in size; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 224-242; anal divided; subcandals- 21-33. Red above, yellowish white beneath; head, nape, and a gular band black ; a yellowish spot on the third and fourth upper: labials ; end of tail black, the terminal shield whitish. In the var. vittata, Cope, five dark brown streaks run along the body, on the: vertebral row of scales and on the fourth and sixth, Total length 620 millim.; tail 45. Paraguay and Matto Grosso. a-d. 3 (V. 231, 230,229; Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls (C.]- C. 30, 28, 29) & 2 (V. 242; C. 26). Pe eee - ry, 189, ELAPOMOIUS. “<—~- Elapomorphus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41; Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Elapomojus, Jan, J. e. p. 42. Dentition apparently as in Apostolepis and Elapomorphus. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil; internasals fused with the prefrontals ; nasal single, separated from the preocular by a loreal; three pairs of chin-shields. Body cylin- drical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Brazil. ” 938 COLUBRID. 1. Elapomoius dimidiatus. Elapomorphus dimidiatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 47, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac, St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 587. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal; latter shield slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; a single preocular; a single postocular; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth very small; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 246 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 26. Yellowish above (five rows of scales) ; sides blackish, the scales edged with whitish ; head black above; upper lip white; yellowish white beneath, posterior ventrals and subcaudals spotted with black ; end of tail black, the terminal shield whitish. Total length 580 millim. ; tail 40. Brazil. 190. ELAPOMORPHUS. Fig. 17. Skull of Elapomorphus lemniscatus, Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1887). = Elapomorphus (Wiegm.), part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se, xxi. 1853, p. 489, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 832 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb, xxix. 1884, p. 549. 190. ELAPomMoRPHUS. 239 Elapocephalus, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 276 (1858). Elapomorphus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Phalotris, Cope, 1. c. Maxillary short, with four or five small teeth, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a single nasal, which is in contact with a preocular. Body cylin- drical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded Tail short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Preefrontals paired. Parietals not twice as long as broad; ventrals 169-188 ................ 1. blumii. p. 239. Parietals at least, twice as long as broad ; ventrals 176-184 ................ 2. wuchereri, p. 240. Parietals not twice as long as broad; ventrals 190-234 .............00. 3. lepidus, p. 241. II, A single prefrontal. A. Internasals forming a suture behind the rostral. Portion of the rostral visible from above not longer than the suture between the internasals; ventrals 202-240 .. 4. éricolor, p. 241. Portion of the rostral visible from above longer than the suture between the internasals ; ventrals 185-212...... 5. lemniscatus, p. 242. B. Internasals not forming a median suture. Internasals meeting with their inner angles behind the rostral; ventrals 2OB cesypapd ser asoas ae moaaratoue anes vas Gs trilineatus, p. 243, Internasals completely separated by the rostral; ventrals 218 ............ 7. bilineatus, p. 243, — 1. Elapomorphus blumii. Calamaria blumii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 45 (1837). Elapomorphus blumii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 841 (1854); Guichen. in Casteln, Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 56 (1855); Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 57; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 45, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 551; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxxvi. fig. 2 (1886). a ee Elapocephalus teniatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 276 (1858). Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third.to one half its distance from the frontal ; 240 COLUBRID. internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one “third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 169-188 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 24-43. Pale yellowish brown above, with five dark brown or black longitudinal streaks ; head much spotted with dark brown or black; a yellowish-white occipital collar, which may be interrupted in the middle or confined to the sides; a large yellowish-white blotch on the upper lip, occupying the third, fourth, and fifth labials; lower parts white, with or without a blackish dot on the outer end of each ventral. Total length 760 millim.; tail 65. Guianas, Brazil. a, Yg. (V. 169; C. 42). Cayenne. b. Yg. (V. 185; C. 30). Tijuca R. R. Bennett, Esq. [P.1. e. Q (V.178; C. 24). Porto Real, Prov. M. Hardy du Dréneuf([C.]. Rio Janeiro. d, Yg. (V. 184; ©. 28). Theresopolis, ~ ‘Dr. E, A. Géldi [P.1. e, f. Yg. (V. 170, 184; Rio Janeiro. G. Busk, Esq. [P.]. C. 81, 32). g. 2 (V.179; C. 27). 8S. America. Zoological Society. (Type of Elapocephalus teniatus.) 2. Elapomorphus wuchereri. Elapomorphus wuchereri, part., Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1561, p. 415, fig., and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 15, fig.; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 5565. —— accedens, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 46 ; Strauch, Zc. p. 560. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pre- and two (exceptionally one) postoculars ; temporals 1+ 1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 176-184; anal divided; subcaudals 27-45. Pale yellowish brown above ; young with three dark brown longitudinal lines, which disappear in the adult; sides of head dark brown or blackish, with a large yellow blotch on the upper lip on the third to sixth labials; rostral and anterior labials each with a blackish spot; lower parts white. Total length 1180 millim.; tail 120. Brazil. 190. ELAPomoRePHUS, 241 a, b&. 9 (V.179; C. 35) & Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. her. 2 (V. 183; C. 35). Types. ¢. fo (V. 176; C. 41). Bahia. Dr. O. eee er d, Her. 2 (V. 181; C. 34). Bahia. Lord Walsingham [P.}. 3. Elaponforphus lepidus. Elapomorphus lepidus, Reink. Vidensk. Meddel. 1860, p. 239, pl. iv. figs. 6-9 (1861); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 46, and Icon, Gén. 14, pl. iti. fig. 2 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 558. wuchereri, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. feet fig., and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 15, fig.; Strauch, J. c. p. 555. Apostolepis lepida, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad; one pree- and two (exceptionally one) postoculars ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 190-234; anal divided; subcaudals 30-45. Pale brown above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal lines; snout, vertex, and nape black; back of head and temples yellowish white ; lower parts whitish. Total length 500 millim.; tail 55, Brazil. a,b. 3 (V. 204; C. 45) & 9 Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. (V. 201; C. 33). (Types of Z. wucherert ) ec. Hgr. (V. 190; C. 30). Brazil. Dr. Gardiner [P. ]. 4, Elapomorphus tricolor. Elapomorphus tricolor, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 837 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 44, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 565; Boettg. Abh. Nat. Ges. Niirnb. viii. 1891, p. 91; Peracca, Boll, Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no. 195, p. 21. Phalotris tricolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals one third to one half the length of the single prefrontal; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pre- and two (rarely one) postoculars ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 202-240; VOL. III. R 242 COLUBRID. anal divided; subcaudals 22-30. Red above, white beneath ; upper surface of head and nape black, separated by a yellowish- white cross-band. : Total length 370 millim.; tail 25. Grows to 938 millim, Bolivia, Paraguay, Southern Brazil, Uruguay. a-b, Hgr. (V. 228; C. 28) Uruguay. & yg. (V. 226; C, 26). 5. Elapomorphus lemniscatus. Elapomorphus lemniscatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 840 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 45, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 567 ; Bouleng, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 321, pl. x., and xvi. 1885, p. 296. reticulatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, p. 518, pl. —. fig. 2; Strauch, 1. c. p. 569. Phalotris lemniscatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. reticulatus, Cope, J. ¢. Elapomorphus iheringi, Strauch, 1. ¢. p. 571. Phalotris melanopleurus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii, 1885, p. 189. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals one fourth to one third the length of the single prefrontal ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pree- and two postoculars; temporals 141; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 185- 212; anal divided; subcaudals 21-34. Red to greyish brown above, with or without a black vertebral stripe; head blackish, usually with a yellowish, black-edged occipital collar which may be much reduced or even entirely absent ; lateral scales and ventrals and subcaudals black, light-edged, the outer or the two outer rows of scales often yellowish white; a black bar across the base of the tail. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 60. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. a-b, ec, d-f, g-k. 5 (V. 202; RioGrande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering GC. 25); 2 (V. 207, 208, [C.}. 209 ; C. 23, 25, 26), & yg. (V. 186, 185, 211; C. 28, 34, 24). 1 2 (V. 204; C. 22). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. m-o. 3 (V. 185; 0. 25), 9 Uruguay. (V. 208; C. 22), & yg. (V. 192; C. 26). 190, ELAPOMORPHUS, 243 p. @ (V. 212; C. 24), High Pampas of E. W. White, Esq. San Luis, Men- [C.]. doza. gq. Skeleton. Rio Grande do Sul. 6. Elapomorphus trilineatus. (Prats X. fig. 3.) ss i trilineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 266. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring two thirds its distance from the frontal, in contact with the anterior angle of the single prefrontal; internasals meeting with their inner angles; frontal once and a half as long as broad, not quite so long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which equal the posterior in size. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 203; anal divided; sub- caudals 26. Cream-colour; above with three black streaks inter- rupted by the pale borders of the scales, the middle one on the vertebral row of scales, the lateral between the fourth and fifth rows ; a blackish transverse band on the base of the tail; ventrals and subcaudals black antero-mesially. Total length 530 millim. ; tail 45. Southern Brazil, a. 9 (V. 203; C. 26). Camaquam River, Rio Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. Grande do Sul. (Type.) 7. Elapomorphus bilineatus. Elapomorphus bilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 839 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 44, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St, Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 563; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxxvi. fig. 3 (1886). Phalotris bilineatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above a little shorter than its distance from the frontal and entirely separating the internasals; prefrontal single; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad ; one pree- and two postoculars ; temporala 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 218; anal divided; subcaudals 21. Brownish yellow above, with a blackish line on each side of the back, between the fourth and fifth rows of scales; head blackish above and beneath; ventrals and subcaudals blackish, edged with whitish. Total length 348 millim. ; tail 20. Corrientes, Argentina. R2 244 COLUBRID. 191. AMBLYODIPSAS. Amblyodipsas, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1856, p. 592, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 109 (1882). Amblyodipsas, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 40. Maxillary very short, with five teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; mandibular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round pupil ; nostril in a single very small nasal; no internasals; no loreal; no preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Mozambique. 1. Amblyodipsas microphthalma. Calamaria microphthalma, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 94, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1852). Amblyodipsas microphthalma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1856, p. 592; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 1 (1865) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 109 (1882). Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal; pre- frontals longer than broad ; frontal large, nearly twice as long as broad, acutely pointed behind, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; supraocular very small; a minute postocular; a single temporal; four upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth largest and in contact with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142; anal divided; subcaudals 19. Dark brown above; upper lip, two outer rows of scales, outer ends of ventrals, and lower surface of head and tail white; a dark brown stripe along the middle of the belly. Total length 300 millim.; tail 24. Mozambique. ada Gs 192. ELAPOTINUS. Elapotinus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 31. Dentition as in Amblyodipsas, but the groove on the posterior fang probably less distinct *. Head small, not distinct trom neck ; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals; no * Jan describes the Snake as aglyphodont, but he has overlooked the groove on the tooth in so many unquestionably opisthoglyphous Colubrines that we may well be permitted to doubt the accuracy of his statement in this particular case. 193. CALAMELAPS, 245 loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa ? 1, Elapotinus picteti. Elapotinus picteti, Jan, J. ¢., and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular nearly as broad as long; preocular minute; a small postocular; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175; anal divided; subcaudals 36. Blackish above, with a white lateral line; a white occipital collar ; upper lip white; brown beneath, outer ends of ventrals and outer row of scales white. Total length 290 millim.; tail 40. Habitat unknown. 193. CALAMELAPS. ? Choristodon (non Jonas), Smith, IU. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 18 (1849); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 235. Amblyodipsas, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 40. Calamelaps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 26. Maxillary very short, with three or four teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged: Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a divided or semidivided nasal; no loreal; no preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical. Scales smooth, without pits, in 17 to 21 (or 13?) rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short,. obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa; South Africa? Synopsis of the Species. Scales in 17 rows... 2c cee eee e renee 1, unicolor, p. 245. Scales in 21 rOWS.... 2. cece eee erences 2. polylepis, p. 245. Scales in 18 row8...... cee eee cree ee reee 3. concolor, p. 246. 1. Calamelaps unicolor. Calamaria unicolor, Reinh, Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p. 236, 1. i. figs. 1-8. ke Amhize ipsas unicolor, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41. Calamelaps unicolor, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii, 1866, p. 25. 246 COLUBRID. Rostral large, a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular small; nasal divided or semidivided ; a very small postocular, sometimes fused with the supraocular ; a single temporal; six upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest and in contact with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 173-208; anal divided; subcaudals 21-38. Uniform blackish brown. Total length 365 millim.; tail 27. West Africa. a. go (V. 182; C. 34). Sierra Leone. b. go (V.173; C. 33), Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.}. e. 9 (V. 208; C. 21). W. Africa. : 2. Calamelaps polylepis. Calamelaps polylepis, Bocage. Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1878, p. 216, and Herp. Angola, p. 126, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1895). miolepis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N.H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323. In every respect like C. unicolor, except that the scales are in 21 rows. Ventrals 163-212; subcaudals 16-27. Total length 400 millim.; tail 23. Angola, Nyassaland. a. 2 (V. 208; C.18). Cape McLear, Lake A. A. Simons, Esq. [C.]. yassa. (Type of C. méolepis.) 3. Calamelaps? concolor. Cho.istodon concolor, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 18 (1849). Rostral triangular; internasals small; frontal subrhomboidal, the hinder portion most prolonged; supraocular very small, sub- triangular, forming the supero-posterior border of the eye; post- ocular very small; third and fourth upper labials entering the eye; two pairs of narrow chin-shields, the second pair longest. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals134; subcaudals 38, Greenish black above, with purple gloss; pale blackish purple beneath, the shields mar- gined behind with livid white. Total length 190 millim.; tail 28. Caffraria. 194, RuINocatamus.—195, xenocaLaus, 247 194. RHINOCALAMUS. Rhinocalamus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 322. Maxillary very short, with four teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth slightly enlarged ; palate toothless. Head small, not distinct from neck 3 snout much depressed and very prominent; rostral very large, with obtuse horizontal edge, concave below; eye minute, with round pupil ; nostril in a semidivided nasal; no loreal 3 No preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa, 1. Rhinocalamus dimidiatus. Rhinocalamus dimidiatus, Giinth, 1. c. pl. xix. fig. O. Rostral very large, capping the end of the snout, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals more than twice as broad as long, shorter than the pra- frontals; frontal large, a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; supraocular very small; a minute postocular; a single temporal; six upper labials, third in contact with the nasal and the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest and in contact with the parietals ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 192-215; anal divided; subcaudals 20-27. Black above; upper lip, three lower rows of scales, and lower parts white. Total length 470 millim. ; tail 30. Interior of East Africa. . 3 (V. 202, 195,192; C. 26, 26, 27). Mpwapwa. (Types.) oe. J 207; C. 25)'& Q (V. 215; Ugogo. | Mr. Baxter [C.] C. 20). 195. XENOCALAMUS. Xenocalamus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414, and (6) xv. 1895, p. 526. Maxillary very short, with five teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of larger grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth a little larger than the posterior; palate toothless. Head small, not distinct from neck; snout much depressed, very prominent, pointed ; rostral very large, with obtuse horizontal edge, flat below ; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals, the posterior very large; no loreal; prefrontals absent (fused with the frontal); no 248 COLUBRID. anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. J, Xenocalamus bicolor. Xenocalamus bicolor, Giinth. U.c. p. 415, pl. xix. fig. A. Upper portion of rostral nearly half as long as the frontal, which is extremely large and more than half as long as the shielded part of the head; internasals large, forming a short median suture ; supraocular very narrow ; a large, elongate preocular, in contact with the posterior nasal, the internasal, the frontal, and the third labial; a minute postocular; a single temporal; six upper labials, first very small, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large and in contact with the parietal; third lower labial extremely large ; a single pair of narrow chin-shields, in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 218; anal divided; sub- caudals 24, Black above; upper lip, two outer rows of scales, and lower parts white. Total length 480 millim.; tail 30. Zambesi. a. @ (V. 218; C, 24). Zambesi. Mr. Chapman [C.]. (Type.) 2. Xenocalamus mechovii. Xenocalamus mechowii, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf, Fr.1881, p.147; Boetig. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 47. As in the preceding, but supraoculars absent and usually two postoculars instead of one. Ventrals 229-239; anal divided; sub- caudals 31-36. Yellowish, with large dark brown spots above; some of these spots are disposed in alternating, partly confluent pairs, others form cross-bands; upper lip, sides, and lower parts unspotted., Total length 225 millim. ; tail 23. Congo. a. Hgr. (V. 289; C. 35). Stanley Falls. 196. MICRELAPS. Micrelaps, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879-80, p. 136. Elaposchema, Mocquard, Mém. Cent, Soc. Philom. 1888, p. 122. Maxillary very short, with two teeth followed, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal ; no loreal ; no preocular; prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Palestine ; Somaliland. 197. MIoDoNn. 249 1. Micrelaps muelleri. F. Mill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 655. Micrelaps miilleri, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 187, pl. iii. fig. 2; Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii, 1888, p. 184, pl. xix. fig. 2. Head much depressed; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal small, not broader than the supraccular, once and two thirds as long as broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the parietals ; supra- ocular as long as broad; a small postocular, in contact with the first temporal; temporal 141 or 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 251-275; anal divided; subcaudals 26-32. Black, with whitish annuli, which may be narrower or broader than the interspaces between them, mostly interrupted beneath. Total length 405 millim. ; tail 30. Palestine. a. 2 (V. 251; C. 30). Jerusalem. Senckenberg Mus, [E.]. 2. Micrelaps vaillanti. Elaposchema vaillanti, Mocg. 1. c. p. 128, pl. xii. fig. 1. Calamelaps vaillanti, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 117. Head much depressed ; rostral large, twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above about two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals twice as broad as long, twice as long as the prefrontals; frontal small, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; supraocular as long as broad; a very small postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in size, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 171-203; anal divided; subcaudals 23-27. Brown above, the centre of each scale greyish white ; ventrals brown in the middle, whitish on the sides. Total length 282 millim.; tail 32. Somaliland. , 197. MIODON. Microsoma (non Macg.), Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool, (2) x. 1858, p. 519, and Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 111 (1863); Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac, 1863, p. 369. Miodon, A. Dum. Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 206. Urobelus, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddet. 1860, p. 229. Maxillary very short, with two or three small teeth followed, 250 COLUBRIDZ, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated in advance of the eye; second and third or third and fourth man- dibular teeth large, fang-like. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial; noloreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short; subcaudals in two rows. West Africa, Maxillary and mandible of Miodon acanthias. Synopsis of the Species. J. Anal entire; ventrals 190-216 .. 1. acanthias, p. 250. II. Anal divided. A. Frontal longer than broad. Internasals considerably shorter than the prefrontals; ventrals 201-228...... 2. collaris, p. 251. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prefrontals; ventrals 214— OL ee ee ee eee 3. gabonensis, p. 252. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prefrontals; ventrals 181- 200 sstewads Koxees gn ae Beaman 4, notatus, p. 252. B. Frontal as long as broad; ventrals 238. 5. neuwiedit, p. 253. 1. Miodon acanthias. Urohelus acanthias, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1860, p. 229, pl. iii. Elapomorphus acanthias, Jan, Arch. Zovl. Anat, Phys. ii. 1863, p. 47, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 4 (1865). acanthias, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323. ? Microsoma collare, var. D, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 126 (1895). Diameter of eye less than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as broad as the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as 197, mtopon. 251 broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided ; one preocular, in contact with the posterior nasal; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 190- 216; anal entire; subcaudals 16-21. Whitish or pale reddish above, with five black stripes, the median broadest and occupying one and two half scales, the outer running between the second and third rows of scales; top of head black; a whitish occipital bar edged with black behind ; end of snout, upper lip, tip of tail, and lower parts white. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 30. Guinea; Congo? a, Her. (V.190; C. 21). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.]. b. 9 (V. 210; C. 17). W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. P.j. ce. Skull of 5. ; 2. Miodon collaris. Polemon barthii (non Jan), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, 90 rien collare, Peters, Sitzh. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 148; Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 182, and Herp. Angola, p. 124, pl. xiv. tigs. 1 & 2 (1895). Elapomorphus acanthias, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323, Diameter of eye about three fifths its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals considerably shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the preocular; two (rarely one *) postoculars; temporals 1+1 (or 1+2); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 201-228; anal divided ; subcaudals 16-22. Blackish above and on the sides down to the outer end of the ventrals and subcaudals, or dark grey with the scales edged with black ; head and nape pale brown, with some black blotches on the crown and below the eye; lower parts and terminal caudal shield white. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 32. West Africa (Old Calabar, Congo, Angola). a. 2 (V. 204; C. 18). Old Calabar. * The specimen in the Collection has a single postocular on one side, 252 COLUBRID. 3. Miodon gabonensis. Elapomorphus gabonensis, A. Dum. Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) viii. 1856, p- 468, and Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 206, pl. xvi. fig. 2. gabonicus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 47. (Urobelus) gabonicus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 1 (1866). Microsoma fulvicollis, Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom, (7) xi. 1887, p. 65. Urobelus gabonicus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 127. Elapomorphus acanthias, part., Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323, —— cecutiens, Giinth, 1. v, pl. xix. fig. B. Diameter of eye one third to one half its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prafrontals ; frontal slightly broader than the supraocular, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the nasal, which is entire or imperfectly divided ; one or two post- oculars; temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 214-249 ; anal divided; subcaudals 16-24. Dark brown or olive above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal lines, or almost uniform blackish; a pale brownish band across the occiput ; upper lip, ventrals, subcaudals, and terminal caudal scute white. Total length 510 millim. ; tail 23. West Africa, from the Old Calabar to the Congo. a. Q (V. 214; C.17). Old Calabar. sei nei ti b-e. 9 (V. 281, 230; C. Cameroon Mts. 2000ft. Sir Ht H. Johnston 16, 18). [P.]. (Types of £. cecutiens.) d. 9 (V. 215; C.17). Rio del Rey. SPT H. Johnston 4, Miodon notatus *. Microsoma notatum, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1882, p. 127 ; Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 64. Diameter of eye about half its distance from the oral margin. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; one or two postoculars ; temporals1+1; seven upper labials, second in contact with the preocular, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower * I am indebted to Prof. Boettger for notes on a specimen from Cameroon, preserved in the Liibeck Museum. 198. PoLEMON. 253 labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 181-200; anal divided; subcaudals 14-18. Pale brown above, with two series of round black spots, which may be light-edged ; upper surface of head, a nuchal collar, and upper surface of tail black ; ventrals, subcaudals, and terminal caudal shield white. Total length 317 millim. ; tail 29. West Africa (Cameroon, Congo). 5. Miodon neuwiedii. Microsoma neuwiedi, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 519, & xi. 1859, pl. iv. Elapomorphus (Urobelus) neuwiedi, Jan, Icon. Gién. 15, pl. i. fig. 2 (18686). : Diameter of eye less than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; one postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 238; anal divided; subcaudals 21. Pale brown above, with three black longitudinal lines; upper surface of head and base of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 172 millim.; tail 10. Guinea (Christiansburg). 198. POLEMON. Polemon, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 520, and Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 111 (1863) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 368. Maxillary very short, with three small teeth followed, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated in advance of the eye; third and fourth mandibular teeth large, fang-like. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a divided nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial ; no loreal ; parietal narrowly in contact with a labial. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 254 COLUBRID. 1. Polemon barthii. Polemon barthii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 520, and xi. 1859, pl. v; Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1868, p. 368, pl. —. fig. 7 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 3 (1866). Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals a little longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal small, a little longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, about half as long as the parietals; a small preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the posterior nasal; one postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth forming a short suture with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 221-226; anal entire; subcaudals 16-18. Olive-grey above, the scales edged with black; back of head and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 810 millim. ; tail 40. Guinea. a. 2 (V. 221; C. 18). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.]. 199. BRACHYOPHIS. Brachyophis, Mocquard, Mém. Cent. Soc. Philom. 1888, p. 125. Maxillary very short, with two or three small teeth followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang; mandibular teeth increasing in length to the third. Head small, not distinct from neck, with depressed, sharp-edged snout; eye minute, with round pupil; vostril in a single nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial; no loreal; no temporals; a large azygous occipital shield. Body remarkably short, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail extremely short; subcaudals single. Somaliland. 1. Brachyophis revoili. Brachyophis revoili, Mocg. 1. ¢. pl. xi. fig. 3. Rostral large, the portion visible from above at least as long as its distance from the frontal and wedged in between the internasals, which are shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, between which the point of a large pentagonal occipital is wedged in; a small preocular and two small postoculars; seven upper labials, second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth largest and in contact with the parietals ; two pairs of large chin-shields, separated from each other on the median line by two 200. macrELaps.—201. APARALLACTUS. 255 series of small scales. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 104-115; anal divided ; subcaudals 11-13. Greyish white above, with irregular brown cross-bands, or dark brown with irregular white cross-bands ; ventrals broadly edged with brown in front. Total length 255 millim. ; tail 15. Somaliland. a. 9 (V. 115; C. 11). Somaliland. Paris Museum [E.]. (One of the types.) 200. MACRELAPS. Maxillary short, with 4 moderately large teeth followed by a very large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior man- dibular teeth enlarged, third to fifth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nasal divided ; no loreal; no preocular; prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 25 or 27 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail short; subcaudals single. South Africa. 1, Macrelaps microlepidotus. Uriechis microlepidotus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) v. 1860, p- 168, pl. ix.; Gurney, t. c. p. 342. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; postocular small, single, in one specimen (young) in contact with the first temporal ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 163-166 ; anal entire; subcaudals 37-48. Uniform black. Total length 850 millim. ; tail 105. Natal. a, b. 9 (Sc. 25; V.166; C. 37) Durban. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]; J. H. & yg. (Sc. 27 ; V. 163; C. 48). Gumey, Esq. ([P.}. (Types. ) 201. APARALLACTUS. Aparallactus, Smith, a se Bs ae Fant oe p. 15 (1849). Elapomorphus (non Wiegm.), Smith, 1. ¢. p. 16. ia ae end Mon. Berl, Ae. 1854, p. 623; Jan, Arch. Zool. ~~ Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 48; Peters, Reise n. Mossamd, iii. p. 110 1882). : et ee Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1868, p. 21, and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 157 (1895). Maxillary short, with 6 to 9 small teeth followed by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth 256 COLUBRID. longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil ; nasal entire or divided ; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals single. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Two prefrontals. A. Symphysial not in contact with the chin-shields. 1. Two postoculars, in contact with a temporal; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular. Third and fourth upper labials entering the CY... cece eee eee cette 1. jacksonti, p. 257. Second and third upper labials entering the eye ...........--- 2. wernert, p. 257. 2. A single postocular ; one labial in contact with the parietal. fasal entire, not in contact with the precocular ....... cece eee tenes 3. concolor, p. 257. Nasal divided, in contact with the preocular ....... cee cece ee ee ee 4. lunulatus, p. 258. B. Symphysial in contact with the chin-shields. l. Third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. Nasal divided; ventrals 154-180 ; subcaudals 51-59 ..........544: 5. guentheri, p. 259. Nasal entire; ventrals 191; sub- caldals:44 wiien gestkaes obese: 6. bocagit, p. 259. Nasal entire; ventrals 138-166 ; subcaudals 37-53 ..........005. 7. capensis, p. 259. 2. Second and third upper labials entering the eye. Ventrals 110-149 ; subcaudals 21-40. 8. nigriceps, p. 260. Ventrals 160-161 ; subcaudals 36-41. 9. punctatolineatus, p. 261. Il. A single prefrontal. Frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout ............ 10. lineatus, p. 261. Frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout ............ 11. anomalus, p. 262. 1. Aparallactus jacksonii. Uriechis jacksonii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 325, pl. xix. fig. E. Aparallactus jacksonii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 172. 201. APARALLACTUS. 257 Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular ; two postoculars, in contact with the anterior temporal ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in length, the anterior broader and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142; anal entire; subcaudals 36. Pale reddish brown above, with a black vertebral line; upper surface of head and nape black, the nuchal blotch edged with yellow and extending to the sides of the neck; a pair of yellow spots behind the parietal shields ; sides of head yellow, the shields bordering the eye black; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 180 millim.; tail 30. East Africa. a. Her. 2 (V. 142; 0. 36). Foot of Mt. Kiliman- F, J. Jackson, Esq. jaro. [P.]. (Type-) 2. Aparallactus werneri. (Pxate XI. fig. 1.) Aparallactus werneri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular; two postoculars, in contact with the anterior temporal ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior broader and a little longer and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-160; anal entire; subcaudals 32-41. Blackish above, with a deep black, somewhat light-edged nuchal collar; upper lip blackish below the eye, yellowish in front and behind ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 390 millim.; tail 65. East Africa. a-b. & (V. 147; C. 41) & Usambara. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. Q (V. 160; C. 32). (Types.) 3. Aparallactus concolor. Uriechis concolor, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss, Anst. i. 1884, p. 4, pl i fig. 1; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 325, VOL, III. 8 U 258 COLUBRIDZ. Aparallactus concolor, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye equal to or greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one half to two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, not in contact with the preocular; one postocular; temporals 1+1,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, second in contact with the preefrontal, fifth in contact with the parietal; first lower labia] in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two ‘pairs of chin-shields, posterior longest, anterior in contact with four labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145-158 ; anal entire; subcaudals 55-71. Uniform dark brown or black, somewhat lighter beneath. Total length 460 millim.; tail 110. Eastern Central Africa. a. Q (V. 162; C. 55). Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.}. &. Her. (V. 145; C. 61). Steppes E. ofIzavo. Dr. J. W. Gregory P (P.}. ec. G (V. 158; C. 71). Boran Country. Dr. aaa Smith [C.]. 4. Aparallactus lunulatus. Uriechis lunulatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 628, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii, p. 118, pl. xviii. fig. 2 (1882) ; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. NV. H. (8) i. 1888, p. 324. Aparallactus lunulatus, Bowleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye equal to or greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds as Jong as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; nasal divided, in contact with the preocular ; one postocular ; temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in size, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 151-158 ; anal entire; subcaudals 52-58. Olive or pale brown above, each scale edged with darker, anteriorly with several blackish cross-bars followed by small spots; the first cross-bar largest and forming a collar; whitish beneath. Total length 390 millim.; tail 85. Eastern Central Africa, Mozambique. a. & (V. 155; C. 52). Lake Tanganyika, Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 6 g (V. 151; C. 57). Lake Nyassa. 201. APARALLACTUS. 259 5. Aparallactus guentheri. (Piare XI. fig. 2.) Uriechis capensis, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 824; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 128 (1895). Aparallactus guentheri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the pre- ocular; one postocular; temporals 1+1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as and a little broader than the posterior and in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 154-180; anal entire *; subcaudals 51-59. Blackish brown above, a little lighter beneath ; chin and throat yellowish white; a deep black collar, edged with yellowish white in front and behind, narrowly inter- rupted on the throat. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 80. East Africa, Hastern Central Africa, Angola. a. 9 (V. 154; C. 59). Lake Nyassa. A. A. Simons, Esq. [C.]. >) b. Yg. (V. 164; C.51). Shiré highlands. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. L ce. Yg. (V. 156; C. 52). Zanzibar. F, Finn, Esq, [P.]. (Types.) ) 6. Aparallactus bocagii. Uriechis capensis, part., Bocaye, Herp. Angola, p. 128 (1895). Aparallactus bocagii, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 178. Head-shields as in A. capensis. Ventrals 191; subcaudals 44. Reddish brown above, with a small brown spot in the centre of each scale ; these spots forming longitudinal lines ; a black spot on each side of the head, round the eye, and on two or three labial shields, and another on the first temporal shield; a black nuchal bar, separated from the head by a yellowish interspace; uniform yellowish white beneath. Total length 272 millim. Angola. 7. Aparallactus capensis. Aparallactus capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 16 (1849); Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1899, p. 173. Elapomorphus capensis, Smith, J. ¢. * Bocage (J. c.) describes his Uriechis capensis as with divided anal and paired subcaudals, a statement due, no doubt, to an oversight. s2 260 COLUBRIDA. Cercocalamus collaris, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 21, pl. iii. fig. A, and Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 157 (1895). Uriechis capensis, Giinth. Ann. & Mug. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 89; Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 5 (1866) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 112 (1882). ena part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 324, Diameter of eye a little greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular: one postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 138-166; anal entire ; subcaudals 37-53. Yellow or pale reddish brown above, with or without a blackish vertebral line, yellowish white beneath; upper surface of head and nape black, with or without a yellowish cross-bar behind the parietal shields, the black of the nape descending to the sides of the neck; sides of head yellowish, the shields bordering the eye black. Total length 335 millim.; tail 70. East and South Africa. a. Her. 2 (V. 158; 0.40). Caffraria. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (One of the types.) b. 2 (V. 159; C. 47). De Kaap Goldfields, Dr. P. Rendall [C.]}. Transvaal. e-l. 5 (V. 138, 139; C. 45, Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 44) & 9 (V. 150, 150, 152, 148, 149, 155, 149; C0. P, 44, P, 42, 41, 48, 44). m. 2 (V. 141; C. ?). —P Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Type of Cercocalamus collaris.) 8. Aparallactus nigriceps. - Uriechis nigriceps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 623, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 111, pl. xviii. fig. 1 (1882). atriceps, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 49, and Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 4 (1866). Aparallactus nigriceps, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the 201. aparaLuacrus, 261 preocular ; one postocular; temporals 141 (the first sometimes absent); six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth (or fourth and fifth) in contact with the parietal; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are slightly larger than the posterior and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 110-149; anal entire; subcaudals 21-40. Reddish brown above, whitish beneath; upper surface of head and nape black, the black on the nape edged with yellowish ; a pair of yellowish spots may be present behind the parietal shields ; sides of head yellowish, the shields bordering the eye black. Total length 103 millim.; tail 17. Grows to 255 millim. Mozambique, Nyassaland. a. Yg. (V. 149; C. 40). Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston [P..]. 9. Aparallactus punctatolineatus. Uriechis capensis, part., Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 129 (1895). Aparallactus punctatolineatus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Similar to A. capensis, but six or seven upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth or fourth and fifth in contact with the parietal. Ventrals 160-161; subcaudals 36-41. Yellowish brown above, each scale darker in the centre, with three longitudinal series of large black dots ; upper surface of head and a nuchal cross-bar black. Total length 125 millim. ; tail 20. Angola and Nyassaland. a. Her. (V. 160; C. 86). Chiradzulu, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. C. Africa. 10. Aparallactus lineatus. Uriechis (Metopophis) lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 643, l. i. fig. 3. Apeeallagts lineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one third as long as its distance from the frontal; asingle prefrontal, forming a suture with the preocular; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the praocular ; one postocular ; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, the anterior in contact with three lower labials. Scalesin15 rows. Ventrals 168; anal entire; subcaudals 41. Olive above, with three dark longitudinal lines ; each scale of the outer series with a yellow spot ; ventrals and sub- caudals closely speckled with dark grey. Total length 440 millim.; tail 57. Keta, Guinea. 262 COLUBRID, 11. Aparallactus anomalus. (Prater XI. fig. 3.) Uriechis anomala, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xii. 1893, p. 273. Aparallactus anomalus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 178. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above one third as long as its distance from the frontal; a single prefrontal ; internasal nearly reaching the supraocular; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals: nasal entire, in contact with the preocular; one postocular ; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; anterior chin-shields as long as but broader than the posterior and in contact with four lower labials, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire; subcaudals 52. Pale brown above, speckled with darker ; two dorsal series of small dark brown spots ; posterior half of each scale of the outer row yellowish, surrounded by crowded dark brown dots; ventrals yellowish, speckled with dark brown in the middle; subcaudals closely speckled with dark brown. Total length 440 millim.; tail 80. Gold Coast. a. 3 (V. 170; C. 52). Gold Coast. L, Greening, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 202. ELAPOPS. Elapops, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) iv. 1859, p. 161; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 32. Pariaspis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, pp. 241 & 566. Maxillary teeth 11 or 12, the last two a little enlarged and feebly grooved on the inner side ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril between two nasals; no loreal; parietal in contact with labials. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; yentrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 1. Elapops modestus. Elapops modestus, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1859, p. 161, pl. iv. fig. C; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 566 ; Giinth. Zool. Ree, 1865, p. 152. Pariaspis plumbeatra, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 242. Elapops plumbeater, Cope, t.c. p. 566. petersii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1862, p. 82, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1865). Diameter of eye equal to or a little exceeding its distance from 203. ELACHISTODON. 263 the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one preocular, in contact with the posterior nasal; one or two postoculars; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth or fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 138-158; anal entire; subcaudals 36-45. Dark olive-grey above, the scales more or less distinctly edged with black ; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish, olive-grey, or yellowish dotted or spotted with grey, the spots sometimes forming a median series. Total length 540 millim. ; tail 75. West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo. a. 9 (V. 158; C. 41). W. Africa. Mr. Rich (C.J. (Type.) b-d. G (V.154, 150,151; W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. [P.]. C. 37, 87, 36). e. d (V. 144; C.?). Lagos. Sir A. Moloney Pa fF 2 (V. 141; C. 44). Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. g. & (V. 188; C. 45). Gaboon. h-k. 3 (V. 139, 140; Cette Cama,Gaboon. C. 44, ?) & yg. (V 156; C. 41). 1.9 (V. 155; C. 37). Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan [C.]. Subfam. 6. ELACHISTODONTINA. Only a few teeth on the posterior part of the maxillary and dentary bones and on the palatines and pterygoids. Some of the anterior thoracic vertebre with the hypapophysis much developed, directed forwards, and capped with enamel. A single genus, the opisthoglyphous analogue of the aglyphous Dasypeltis. 203. ELACHISTODON. Elachistodon, Reinh. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Fork. 1863, p. 206 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 362 (1890). Maxillary and mandible edentulous in front; two minute maxillary teeth followed by a pair of small grooved teeth ; eight mandibular teeth. Head scarcely distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil; posterior nasal deeply concave. Body elongate, somewhat compressed ; scales smooth, in 15 rows, ver- tebral row enlarged. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Bengal. 264 COLUBRID 2. 1. Elachistodon westermanni. Elachistodon westermanni, Reinh. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1863, p. 206; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 444 (1864); Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 1875, p. 207; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 863 (1890). Rostral twice as broad as deep, just reaching the upper surface of the head; internasals and preefrontals subequal in size; frontal rather longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, longer than deep, entering the eye; a small praocular above the loreal; two post- oculars; two very long temporals ; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three pairs of large chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 210-217; anal entire; subcaudals 59-65. Brown above, with a yellowish vertebral stripe ; a yellowish stripe commences on the snout and runs along each side of the head to the temporals and the angle of the mouth; an angular yellowish cross-band on the nape; lower parts yellowish. Total length 784 millim.; tail 114. Bengal. Series C. PROTEROGLYPHA. Divided into two subfamilies — 7. Hydrophiine.—Tail strongly compressed, with the neural spines and hypapophyses very much developed. 8. Hlapine.—Tail cylindrical. Poisonous, the poison being conveyed mainly through the anterior maxillary teeth, which are so folded as to appear hollow or per- forated. Subfam. 7. HYDROPHIINA, Hydri, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811. Hydrophide, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 510. Nauticophes, part., Lesson, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 820, 1834. Hydride, Bonaparte, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. p. 898, 1839, Hydride, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 85, 1849. Platycerques, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. p. 519, 1853; Duméril & Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1507, 1854, Hydrophide, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p, 383. Hydrophide, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 107, 1863. 3 Hydrophide, Giinther, Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 352, 1864. Hydrophidee, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 480, 1886, Hydrophiine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 393, 1890, Tail strongly compressed, oar-shaped, with the neural spines and HYDROPHIINA. 265 hypapophyses very much developed. Hypapophyses not developed throughout the vertebral column. Body more or less compressed; eye small or very small, with round pupil. Rostral shield with two notches in the oral border, only the cleft portion of the tongue being protrusible. Marine (with the exception of one species of Distira, confined to a freshwater lake in Luzon), entering tidal streams. With the ex- ception of Platurus, specimens of which have repeatedly been found at some distance from water, these snakes are exclusively ayuatic ; all are viviparous. They are confined to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, one species (Hydrus platurus) béing widely distributed, but do not seem to occur on the East Coast of Africa. The habitat of the greater number extends from the Persian Gulf to the Western Tropical Pacific. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Maxillary not extending forwards beyond the palatine; ventral shields small or absent; nostrils on the upper surface of the snout. A. Symphysial shield triangular, not concealed in a mental groove. 1. Maxillary longer than the lower aspect of the ectopterygoid, with 4 to 18 small teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. a. No ventral shields. Nostril in the nasal shield.......... 204. Hydrus, p. 266. Nostril between two nasals and an internasal. 205. Thalassophis, p. 268. Nostril between two nasals and the prefrontal. 206. Acalyptophis, p. 269. b. Ventral shields distinct, at least on the anterior part of the body. a. No prwocular .........++ 207. Hydrelaps, p. 270. G. Preocular present. Small maxillary teeth not grooved; body often very slender anteriorly...... 000s eee eee eens 208. Hydrophis, p. 271. All the maxillary teeth grooved...... 209. Distira, p. 285. 2. Maxillary not longer than the ectopterygoid, with 2 to 5 small grooved teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 210. Enhydris, p. 300. B. Sympbysial shield narrow, partly concealed in a deep groove in the chin ........--eee ees 211. Enhydrina, p. 302, 266 COLUBRID, II. Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine; ventral shields large, Nostrils on the upper surface of the snout; nasal shields in contact with each other; maxillary a little longer than the ectopterygoid, with 8 to 10 grooved teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 212. Aipysurus, p. 303. Nostrils lateral; nasals separated by the internasals; maxillary much shorter than the ectopterygoid, with one or two small solid teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 213. Platurus, p. 306. 204. HYDRUS. Hydrus, part., Schneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799). Pelamis, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. vii. p. 357 (1803); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamd. iii. 1856, p. 61. Pelamis, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 165 (1830) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 41 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vil. p. 1883 (1854) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 382 (1864). Fig. 19. Skull of Hydrus platurus. Hydrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1887); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (18638). _ Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii, 1852, p. 75. Hydrus, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 397 (1890), 204. nypRus. 267 Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine ; poison-fangs rather short, followed, after a short interspace, by 7 or 8 solid teeth. Nostrils superior; snout long; head-shields large, nasals in contact with each other ; a preocular ; no loreal. Body rather short ; scales hexagonal or squarish, juxta- posed ; no distinct ventrals. Indian and Pacific Oceans. 1. Hydrus platurus. Ce Russell, Ind. Serp. i, pl. xli. (1796). Anguis platura, Linn. S. N. i. p. 891 (1766). Hydrus bicolor, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 242 (1799); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 185 (1847). Hydrophis platura, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 197 (1801). Pelamis bicolor, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 366, pl. Ixxxix. (1803); Gray, Cat. p. 41 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1835 (1854) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 382 (1864); Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 98, pl. xii. fig, 19 (1869) ; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 199 (1878); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvii. (1874); Peters §& Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878, p. 416; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 397 (1883) ; Fisk, Proce, Zool. Soe. 1885, p. 482. ~ Hydrophis pelamis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 508, pl. xviii. figs, 18-15 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 90, pl. viii. (1838). Pelamis ornata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 60 (1842), and Cat. p. 43. Hydrophis bicolor, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii, 1856, p. 61; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pls. ii. & iii. (1872). Pelamis platurus, Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 92; Garm. Bull, Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 88. Hydrus platurus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 397 (1890) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 182, p. 88. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep ; frontal large, at least as long as the snout or the parietals; one or two pre- and two or three postoculars; one or two suboculars some- times present; temporals small and numerous; seven or eight upper labials, second in contact with the preefrontal, fourth, fifth, or fourth and fifth usually entering the eye; chin-shields small or indistinct. 45 to 47 scales round the body, smooth in the female and young, laterals and ventrals rough with one, two, or three small tubercles in the male. Black or brown and yellow, the markings very variable. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 80. Indian Ocean; Tropical and Subtropical Pacific. A. Yellow, with brown, black-edged cross-bands; black bars between the cross-bands, on the: sides of the belly. (P. ornata, Gray.) a. Yg. Borneo. (Type of P. ornata.) b. Ye. . India (?). B. Anterior third of body with a black dorsal stripe; further back, a series of transverse dorsal rhombs on the back, and black spots on the sides and belly. (Var. maculata, Jan.) a. Yg. —? Zoological Society. 268 COLUBRIDZA, C. Dorsal region black; sides and belly yellow, with a lateral series of black spots, which may be partly confluent into a stripe ; tail with dorsal and lateral spots. a. Q. b. Her. India. Panama. : Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. Haslar Collection. D. Dorsal region black, ventral region brown, the two separated by a yellow lateral stripe; tail spotted as in the preceding. a Acie b. Yg. ce. Her. E. Black above, preceding. l O40 8 bf HHO ps Wig age a a & 408 ¢ ° & te a FS 3 se RBS 2s z. Skeleton. %. Skull of 2. F. Yellow, with posteriorly ; Bombay. Oo Sima, Loo Choo Is, Australia. sides and belly yellow; (Z. bicolor, Schn.) Madagascar. Kurrachee. Trevandrum, Travancore. Madras. India. Ceylon. Formosa. Siam. Gulf of Siam. Borneo. Australia. New Georgia, Solomon Is. Lat. 0° 4’ S., Long. 180° 20' E. Samoa, New Zealand. Salina Cruz, Mexico. Off coast of Ecuador. Indian Ocean. Dr. Leith [P.]. M. Ferrié [C.]; M. R. Oberthiir [P.. J. Baines, Esq. [P. tail spotted as in the Sir E. Belcher [P.]. Kurrachee Museum [P.]. H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. T. C, Jerdon, Esq, [P.]. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. Miss Layard [P.]. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. H.MLS. ‘ Herald.’ Sir E. Belcher [P.1]. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. H.MLS. ‘ Penguin.’ H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ Rey. 8. J. Whitmee [P.]. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. J. W. Warburton, Esq. [P.]. a black vertebral stripe, broken up into spots no lateral spots on the body or tail. China. Sumatra. —? G. Yellow, with a vertebral band and spots on the tail pale brown or olive. a-b. 3d & yg. Trevandrum, Travancore. H.S8. Ferguson, Esq, [P.]. 205. THALASSOPHIS. Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw, Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. Hydrophis, part., Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 41; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (1868) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 860 (1864). 206. ACALYPTOPHIS. 269 Poison-fangs followed by 5 small teeth, the anterior of which are grooved. Snout short; nostrils superior, between two nasals and an internasal, a pair of elongate internasals separating the nasals ; frontal and parietal shields large; preocular present; no loreal. Body rather elongate; scales hexagonal, juxtaposed; no distinct ventrals. Coast of Java. 1. Thalassophis anomalus. Thalassophis anomalus, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 81, pl. iv. Hydrophis anomala, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 58; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 879 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1872). Rostral broken up into several small shields ; internasals narrow, elongate, longer than the preefrontals, as long as the frontal; latter shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; seven or cight upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third entering the eye, fourth and fifth separated from the eye by sub- oculars; two pairs of small chin-shields, the posterior separated from each other by two scales. Scales with a strong tubercular keel, which is double on the median ventral row, 31 to 33 round the body. Body with dark annuli, wider on the back. Total length 810 millim. ; tail 84. Java. 206. ACALYPTOPHIS. Acalyptus (non Schénh.), Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 522, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1339 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 87; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 108 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 359 (1864). Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs moderate, followed, after a short interspace, by 8 or 9 solid teeth. Snout short; nostrils superior, between two nasals and the prefrontal ; the larger nasals in contact with each other; frontal and parietal shields broken up into, scales; preocular present; no loreal. Body rather elongate ; scales subimbricate ; no distinct ventrals. Western Tropical Pacific Ocean. 1. Acalyptophis peronii. Acalyptus peronii, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 522. superciliosus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1840 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 859 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gién. 40, pl. ii. fig, 2. (1872). Head rather small. Diameter of neck one third to two fifths the greatest depth of the body. lye a little longer than its 270 COLUBRID 2. distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep ; nasals as long as the prefrontals; supraccular raised, its free border pointed; one pre- and three postoculars; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 22 to 24 scales round the neck, 25 to 30 round the body; scales with a short keel, which is strong and tubercular in the males. Greyish or pale olive above, whitish beneath, with dark cross-bands, narrower than the interspaces between them, tapering to a point on the sides of the belly ; belly uniform or with a series of dark cross-bars alternating with spots. Total length 890 millim.; tail 115, Western Tropical Pacific. a. Hong Kong. Dr. J. G, Fischer. 6. 9. P Dr. Giinther [P.]. 207. HYDRELAPS. Maxillary longer than the lower aspect of the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far asthe palatine; poison-fangs moderate, followed, after an interspace, by 6 solid teeth. Snout short; nostrils superior, in a single nasal which is in contact with its fellow ; head-shields large; no loreal or preocular, the prefrontal bordering the eye. Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed ; scales imbricate ; ventrals small but well-developed. North Coast of Australia. 1. Hydrelaps darwiniensis. (Puare XII. fig. 1.) Eye extremely small, about half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals, its lateral sides diverging posteriorly; a single postocular ; temporals 142, anterior very large and descending between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other, the anterior shorter than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, imbricate, in 27 to 29 rows on the neck as well as on the body. Ventrals 170-172. Annulate blackish and yellowish white, the black rings broader than the white above, narrower beneath ; head dark olive, spotted with black. Total length 435 millim.; tail 43. North Australia, a-b, 2 (V.170, 172), Port Darwin, R.G.8S. Buckland, Esq. [P.]. 208, HYDRUPHIS. 271 208. HYDROPHIS. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799) ; Wagler, Syst. ‘Amph. p. 165 (1830). isa ak a ile ta Hydrophis, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. vii. p. 872 (1808) ; Wagler, l.c. ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1887) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 49 (1849) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gér. vii. p. 1841 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 41; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (1863) ; Gitnth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 360 (1864). Pelamis, part., Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 138 (1820). Enhydris, part., Merr. J. c. p. 140. Disteira, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Microcephalophis, Lesson, in Bélany. Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 820 (1884); Gray, Cat. p. 46. Liopala, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 60 (1842). Aturia, part., Gray, J. c. p. 61. Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh, Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. Hydrophis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 398 (1890). Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs large, followed by a series of 7 to 18 solid teeth. Head small; nostrils superior, pierced in a single nasal shield, which is in contact with its fellow ; head-ahields large ; preocular present; loreal usually absent. Body long, often very slender anteriorly; scales on the anterior part of the body imbricate ; ventrals more or less distinct, very small. Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Persian Gulf to Southern China and Northern Australia. Synopsis of the Species. I. Head moderately small; neck moderately slender, its diameter not less than half the greatest depth of the body. A. A single anterior temporal. Scales imbricate, 33-35 round the body _—1. spiralis, p. 273. Scales juxtaposed, 45 round the body. 2. polyodontus, p. 274. B. Two superposed anterior temporals, 1. 32 scales round the neck, 43-47 round the body. Frontal slightly longer than broad, about as long as the nasals ...... 3. schistosus, p. 274. Frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout .......... cece eens 4. hybridus, p. 274. 2, 28-30 scales round the neck, 34 round the body. 5. longiceps, p. 275. II. Head very small; neck very slender, its diameter not half the greatest depth of the body. A. Two superposed anterior temporals; ventrals 285-331. 1. 34-88 scales round the neck. 272 COLUBRID. Frontal shorter than its distance from the rostral ; 48-50 scales round the bOdy: vstaevew nian aeeadwr a seed 6. ceerulescens, p. 275. Frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout; 42 scales round the body ............000% 7. frontalis, p. 276. 2. 25-29 scales round the neck, 35-39 round the body. a. Scales all imbricate; posterior chin-shields separated by scales. Rostral as deep as broad .......... 8. kingii, p. 276. Rostral broader than deep.......... 9. nigrocinctus, p. 277. db. Scales on the body juxtaposed ; posterior chin-shields in contact with each other.. 10. mamillavis, p. 277. B. A single anterior temporal. 1. 27-31 scales round the neck, 40-48 round the body ; ventrals 345-500. Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad; scales imbricate; seven upper labials.... 11. elegans, p. 278. Rostral deeper than broad; frontal longer than broad; scales on body juxtaposed s: sw cdedve ened eevee s 16. cantoris, p. 281. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal much longer than broad .. 17. fasciatus, p. 281. Rostral a little broader than deep ; frontal slightly longer than broad; scales imbricate; six upper labials. 18. brook, p. 282. 2, 19-23 scales round the neck, 29-83 round the body ventrals 225-337. a. Seven or eight upper labials; rostral as deep as broad ; frontal twice as long as broad. 12. pacificus, p. 278. b. Six upper labials. Rostral broader than deep ; posterior chin-shields separated by scales .. 18. latifasciatus, p. 279. Rostral broader than deep; posterior chin-shields in contact with each Other norstex Saeed leew eee eiss 14. coronatus, p. 279. Rostral as deep as broad; posterior ' chin-shields in contact with each ENO eis sierecdig eee Gurley ede ete ete 30 15. gracilis, p. 280. 8. 25 scales round the neck, 35 round the body ; ventrals 329. 19. melanocephalus, p. 283. 4. 33-40 scales round the neck, 40-50 round the body. Frontal shorter than its distance from the rostral; ventrals 240-285 .... 20. torquatus, p. 283. 208. HYDROPHIS. 273 Frontal as long as its distance from the rostral; ventrals 310-438 .... 21. obscurus, p. 284, 5. 31 scales round the neck, 58 round the body ; ventrals 483. 22. leptodira, p. 285. TaBLE sHowine Numpers or ScALES AND SHIELDS. Lab. Ant. Se. neck. | Se. body. Vv. ont, eye.| temp. spiralis ww... 28-29 33-35 270-334 2 1 polyodontus .... és ? 45 ? 2 1 SCRUSCOSUS... seoverseenee 32 47 235-306 2 2 ybridus ....ccccccceeee 32 43 2 2 2 LONGICEPS ....escerseeees 28-30 34 271 2 2 CETULESCENS «1 ..400-000+ 35-38 48-50 285-309 2 2 Frontalis ...cerseeseeeee 34 42 291 2 2 RANG I eececeseseseeeees 27 37 314 2 2 NAGroCinctUs .......0 27-29 39 310-331 2 2 MAMAUATIS ...c..seeee- 25-27 35 287-316 2 2 CLEGANS. 0... sen secevenes 27-30 41-43 850-385 2 1 PACIPICUS .oceececeecees 27-29 37-39 310 3 1 latifasciatus ......... 21 33 322 2 1 COTONALUS — .eeveeraeeee 19-23 29-33 278-337 2 1 GTACIS — ecicecceseeee 19-21 29-33 225-297 2 1 CANLOTIS se sseeseceeeees 23-25 41-43 412-456 2 1 FaSCIAtUS .....ccececeees 25-31 40-48 345-500 2 1 Bro0ktt ....0..ccsoeseeeee 30 42 416 2 1 melanocephalus ...... 25 35 329 2-3 1 torquatus 33-35 43-45 240-285 2 1 obscurus .... 33-40 40-50 310-438 2 1 leptodira 31 58 483 2 1 1. Hydrophis spiralis. Hydrus spiralis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 564, pl. exxv. (1802). Enhydris spiralis, Merr. Tent. p. 140 (1820). Hydrophis melanurus, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. iii. (1828). —— nigrocincta, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 505 (1837). — spiralis, Gray, Cat. p. 54 (1859); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 866, pl. xxv. fig. D (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 897; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 390 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 401 (1890); Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 88. nigrocinctus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1872). Head moderately small; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than deep; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and one postocular; a single anterior temporal, descending to the labial border ; six or seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, in contact. 28 or 29 scales round the neck, 33 to 35 round the body; scales imbricate, smooth in the young, with a central tubercle in the adult. Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, 270-334. Olive above, VoL. III. T 274 COLUBRID. yellowish beneath, with black rings connected by a black ventral band in the young; a more or less distinct series of round black dorsal spots between the rings; head black above, with a horse- shoe-shaped yellow mark, the convexity of which rests on the prefrontal shields; end of tail black. Total length 400 millim. Grows to 1800 millim. Coasts of India and the Malay Archipelago. a, Yg. (V. 310). Indian Ocean. (Type.) ? b-c, oe Yg. (V. 300, 270, Indian Ocean. Sir J. McGrigor [P.]. 302, 278). 2. Hydrophis polyodontus. Hydrophis polydontus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. i. fig. 1 (1872). Head moderately small; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; a single anterior temporal ; seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; a single pair of small chin-shields. Scales juxtaposed, with a small tubercle, 45 round the middle of the body. Body with transverse rhomboidal black spots; head black. Habitat unknown. 3. Hydrophis schistosus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. x. (1801). Hydrophis schistosus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 886 (1803) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 399 (1890). Pelamis schistosus, Merr. Tent. p. 189 (1820). Hydrophis nigra, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 399; Fayrer, Thanathoph. Ind. pl. xxv. (1874). Head moderate; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than deep ; nasals about as long as the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, shorter than the parietals; one prew- and one post- ocular; two superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, posterior separated by one scale. 32 scales round the neck, 47 round the body; scales elongate-rhomboidal, smooth or feebly keeled, feebly imbricate anteriorly, juxtaposed posteriorly, Ventrals distinct anteriorly, 235-306. Uniform blackish. Total length 465 millim. ; tail 50. Bengal and Cuttack coasts. a, Her. (V. 235). Poorie, Orissa. Sir J. Fayrer [P.]. 4, Hydrophis hybridus. Hydrophis hybrida, Schleg. Abbild. p. 115, pl. xxxvii. (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén, 41, pl. v. fig. 1 (1872). 208. HYDROPHIS. 275 _ Head moderate; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than deep; nasals more than twice as long as the suture between the preefrontals; frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and one postocular; two superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of small chin-shields, posterior separated from each other by scales. 32 scales round the neck, 43 round the body ; scales with a small tubercle or short keel, feebly imbricate anteriorly, juxta- posed posteriorly. Yellowish, with a dorsal series of transverse rhomboidal black spots ; head black above. Total length 665 millim.; tail 85. Molucca Sea. 5. Hydrophis longiceps. Chitulia fasciata, Gray, Cat. p. 56 (1829). ee longiceps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 875, pl. xxv. fig. O 864), Head moderate ; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than ‘deep ; nasals shorter than the frontal, nearly thrice as long as the ‘suture between the prefrontals; frontal much longer than broad, slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre-and two postoculars; two superposed anterior temporals; eight upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 28 to 30 scales round the neck, 34 round the body; scales smooth and imbricate on the neck, juxtaposed and with a short tubercular keel on the body. Ventrals very small but distinct throughout, 271, Greyish above, with dark olive cross-bars separated by narrow interspaces; sides and lower parts uniform white. Total length 780 millim. ; tail 95. Indian Ocean. a, (V. 271). Indian Ocean. Sir E. Belcher [P.] (Type.) 6. Hydrophis cerulescens. Hydrus cerulescens, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 561 (1802). Enhydris cerulescens, Merr. Tent. p. 140 (1820). Hydrophis cerulescens, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 62 (1842), and Cat. . 55 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 365, pl. xxv. fig. C (1864) ; ouleng. Faun. Ind. Rept. p. 400 (1890). Head very small; anterior part of the body very slender, its diameter about one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep; frontal longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; two superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields very small, posterior pair separated by scales. 35 ee scales T 276 COLUBRID. round the neck, 48 to 50 round the body; scales rhomboidal, imbricate, with a strong short keel. Ventrals distinct throughout, 285-309. Grey above, with black cross-bands, broadest on the back, which form complete rings or are interrupted on the belly ; head uniform black. Total length 665 millim. ; tail 75. Bombay Coast, Bay of Bengal, Straits of Malacca. a. d (V. 294). Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. b. S (V. 298). Vizagapatam. se fe a [P.]- e. e. 2 (V. 285). Bengal. Gen. Hane erelbe [P.]. d. 9 W. 994). Bengal. e. o (V. 293). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Sig-h. 2 (V. 3809, 285) —? Zoological Society. g- & hgr. (V. 300). 7. Hydrophis frontalis. Hydrophis frontalis, Jan, Elenco, p. 110 (1868), and Icon. Gén. 39, pl. v. fig. 2 (1872). Head very small; anterior part of body very slender, its diameter one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals, its point separat- ing the preefrontals ; one pre- and one postocular; two superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields very small, posterior separated by scales. 34 scales round the neck, 42 round the body; scales rhomboidal, imbricate, with a strong short keel. Ventrals 291. Whitish, with olive-grey cross-bars, broad on the back, tapering towards the belly ; head blackish, with a yellow streak above and behind the eye. Total length 560 millim. ; tail 70. Indian Ocean. a. 6 (V. 29]). —? Zoological Society. 8. Hydrophis kingii. Disteira doliata (non Lacép.), Gray in King, Narr. Surv. Austral. ii, p. 432 (1827). Hydrophis doliata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 51 (1849). —— elegans, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 369 (1864). Head small; anterior portion of body slender, its diameter one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral as deep as broad ; nasals shorter than the frontal, thrice as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its dictance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; seven upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth separated from the eye by a subocular; posterior chin-shields separated by a large scale. 27 scales round the neck, 37 round the 208. HYDROPHIS, 277 body ; scales all imbricate and keeled, the keels feeble on the neck, strong on the body. Ventrals very distinct throughout, 314, smooth or with two tubercles. Greyish white above, yellowish white beneath, with olive cvoss-bands on the back, wider than the interspaces ; a black streak along the ventrals; head entirely black. Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 90, North Coast of Australia. a. 2 (V. 814). N. Australia. Capt. King [P.]. 9. Hydrophis nigrocinctus. Russell, Ind, Serp. ii. pl. vi. (1801). Hydrophis nigrocinctus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 880 (1803); Gray, Cat. p. 51 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 368, pl. xxv. fig. L (1864) ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxv. (1874) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 400 (1890). Enhydris nigrocinctus, Merr. Tent. p. 140 (1820). Hydrus nigrocinctus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 553, Hydrophis nigrocinctus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 505 (1837) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 13850 (1854), Head small; anterior part of body slender, its diameter one third to two fifths the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep ; nasals shorter than the frontal, about twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pree- and one or two postoculars ; a small loreal sometimes present; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, second and fourth largest ; two superposed anterior temporals ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, posterior separated by scales. 27 or 29 scales round the neck, 39 round the body; scales imbricate, rhombic, keeled. Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, 310-331. Pale olive above, yellowish inferiorly, with black annuli, which are broader on the back. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 100. Bay of Bengal and Straits of Malacca. a. Q (V. 828). Sunderbunds, Bengal. Dr. P. Russell, College of Surgeons [E.]._ (Type). b. Ss (V. 323). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke ral e. 9 (V. 310). India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. d, Her. (V. 310). Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. 10. Hydrophis mamillaris. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xliv. (1795). Anguis mamillaris, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 340 (1803). — Hydrophis fasciata (non Schn.), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 374, pl. xxv. fig. Q (1864), —— mamillaris, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 401 (1890). Head very small; anterior part of body very slender, its diameter about one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from 278 COLUBRIDE, the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; two superposed anterior temporals ; sever upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin- shields, in contact with each other. 25 to 27 scales round the neck, 35 round the body ; scales rhomboidal and imbricate on the neck, hexagonal and juxtaposed on the body, with a tubercle or short keel. Ventrals distinct throughout, 287-316. Black, with yellowish annuli, which are interrupted on the belly. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 60. Coasts of India. a. Hgr. (V. 287). Bombay. Dr, Leith (P.]._ &. & CV. 816). Vizagapatam. Col. Beddome [C.]. 11. Hydrophis elegans. Aturia elegans, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 63 (1842). Hydrophis doliata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 51 (1849). —— elegans, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 369, pl. xxv. fig. K’ (1864). Head small; anterior part of body slender, its diameter two fifths the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep; nasals- nearly as long as the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than bzoad, as long. as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; a single anterior temporal; seven upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior in contact with each other or separated by one scale. 27 to 30 scales round the neck, 41 to 43 round the body; scales imbricate, feebly keeled. Ventrals distinct throughout, 350-385, Yellowish white, back with transverse rhomboidal black spots, which may extend downwards to form annuli round the neck ; transverse series of small black spots between the rhombs; belly with black spots or cross-bars, with or without a black streak running along the ventrals; head blackish, with a more or less distinct light crescentic marking across the snout, from above the eyes. Total length 710 millim.; tail 60. North Coast of Australia. a. Yg. (V. 385). Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [0.]. Type. b. Her. (V. 350). Nicol Bay, N.W. Australia. (ype) e. Yg. (V. 352). Rockhampton, Queensland. 12. Hydrophis pacificus. (Pare XII. fig. 2.) Head small; body long, very slender anteriorly, the diameter of the neck one third the greatest depth of the body. Rostral as deep as broad ; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; a 208. HYDROPHIS. 279 single, large anterior temporal; seven or eight upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 27 to 29 scales round the neck, 37 to 39 round the body ; scales imbricate or subimbricate, with a feeble short keel. Ventrals feebly enlarged, 310. Greyish olive above, white beneath, with 51 dark annuli. Total length 940 millim.; tail 100. New Britain. a. 3 (V. 310). New Britain, Museum Godeffroy. 13. Hydrophis latifasciatus. (Pxrare XIII.) Hydrophis latifasciata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 372, pl. xxv. fig. T (1864) ; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x\viii. 1879, p. 182; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 401 (1890). Head small; anterior part of body slender, its diameter about one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep; nasals slightly longer than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the preefrontals; frontal small, longer than broad, much shorter than the parietals or than its distance from the rostral; one pre- and one postocular; prefrontal in contact with the second labial; a single large anterior temporal; six upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior separated by scales; 21 scales round the neck, 383 round the body; scales imbricate and keeled. Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, 322. Dark olive, sides with vertical ellowish bars; these bars continuous across the neck. Total length 720 millim. ; tail 75. Mergui; Pegu. a. Q (V. 322). Mergui. Prof. Oldham [P.]. (Type.) 14, Hydrophis coronatus. Hydrophis fasciata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 50 (1849). coronata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 372, pl. xxv. fig. M (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 192; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxvi. (1874) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 402 (1890). Head very small, narrow; body long, extremely slender ante- riorly. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal small, a little longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral ; one pree- and one postocular ; a single anterior temporal, descending to the labial border; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 19 to 23 scales round the neck, 29 to 33 round the body; all the scales ‘yhomboidal and imbricate, dorsals with a keel, laterals with a central tubercle. Ventrals hardly distinct, 278-337. Head and neck blackish or dark green, the former with a horseshoe-shaped yellow mark above, the convexity on the snout, the latter with regular 280 COLUBRID. yellow cross-bands ; body likewise with yellow cross-bands or rings, which may be interrupted on the back. Total length 930 millim. ; tail 80. Bay of Bengal. a,b. § (V. 821) & 2 Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (V. 837). (Types.) e-d. Yg. (V. 278, 278). Bay of Bengal. “a Esq. 15. Hydrophis gracilis. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xiii, (1801). Hydrus gracilis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 560 (1802). Enhydris gracilis, Merr- Tent. p. 141 (1820). Disteira gracilis, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826). Microcephalophis gracilis, Less. in Bélang. Voy. Ind, Or., Rept. pl. iii. (1884); Gray, Cat. p. 46 (1849). Liopala gracilis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 60 (1842). ee microcephala, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, ii. 1852, . 78, pl. ii. Hears gracilis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1852 (1854). microcephala, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1856; Fischer, Abh, Naturw. Hamb, tii. 1856, p. 52; Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. v. fig. 2 (1872). gracilis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 873 (1864); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 895 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind,, Rept. p. 404 (1890) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver, Nat. 1892, p. 89. guentheri (non Theod.), Murray, 1. ¢. p. 396, pl. —. Head very small, narrow; body long, extremely slender ante- riorly. Snout strongly projecting beyond the lower jaw; rostral as deep as broad; frontal very small, longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral ; one pree- and one postocular; a single anterior temporal, followed by a second equally large shield ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 19 to 21 scales round the neck, 29 to 33 round the body; scales smooth, rhomboidal and imbricate anteriorly, elsewhere hexagonal, juxtaposed, each with two or more tubercles, which are feeble in the female and very strong in the male. Ventrals distinct only anteriorly, very feebly enlarged or split into two posteriorly, 225-297. Bluish black or greyish olive above in the adult, with more or less distinct lighter cross-bands anteriorly. Young with the head and neck black, the latter region with light transverse bands; body with rhombic black cross-bands continued to the belly or subinterrupted on the sides; or black, with a series os elliptical vertical whitish spots on each side. Total length 1020 millim. ; tail 90. Coasts of Persia, India, and Burma; Malay Archipelago. a. Yg. (V. 238). Jask, Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq, P.). b. 2 (V. 252). Malabar. od! Boddome C.). e. fo (V. 257). Ceylon E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq. [C.}. 208. HYDROPRHIS. 281 d-e. 3 _(V. 228) & Madras, T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 2 (V. 297). F-g. 3 (V. 246, 225), Madras. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. h. Yg. (V. 281). Madras. J.E. Boileau, Esq, [P.]. #. Yg. (V. 262). Madras, Col. Beddome (C} k. Her. (V. 254). India. Z. Skull. Indian Ocean. 16. Hydrophis cantoris. (Prarz XIV.) P Liopala fasciata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 60 (1842). Hydrus gracilis, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 180 (1847). Hydrophis fasciata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 50 (1849). cantoris, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 874, pl. xxv. fig. U (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 192; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 278; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 304; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 405 (1864). Head very small, narrow; body long, extremely slender ante- riorly. Rostral considerably deeper than broad; frontal small, longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral ; one pre- and one postocular; a single anterior temporal, followed by a second equally large shield; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 23 to 25 scales round the neck, 41 to 48 round the body ; scales smooth, rhomboidal and imbricate anteriorly, else- where hexagonal, juxtaposed, each with two or three tubercles one before the other. Ventrals hardly enlarged, 412-456. Body dark olive or blackish anteriorly, with yellowish cross-bands above; posterior part of body olive above, yellowish on the sides; tail with olive vertical bars; a blackish streak along the belly. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 90. Bay of Bengal. a. & (V. 440). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) Bb. 3 (V. 424). Ganjam. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. ec. Yg., bad state. Indian Ocean. 17. Hydrophis fasciatus. Hydrus fasciatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 240 (1799). Pelamis fasciatus, Merr. Tent. p. 139 (1820). Disteira fasciata, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826). Hydrophis gracilis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 507 (1837) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1852 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii, 1856, p. 54; Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1872). — chloris (non Daud.), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 370 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, P. 191, and 1872, p. 396; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxvii. (1874); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 392 (1884). Aturia lindsayi, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 61 (1842). Hydrophis obscura, part., Gray, Cat. p. 49 (1849). lindsayi, Gray, l. c. p. 50; Giinth. lc. p. 871; Anders. i, cc. pp. 396, 191; Murray, |. ¢. —- atriceps, Giinth. 1. c. p. 871, pl. xxv. fig. L 282 COLUBRID. Hydrophis fasciatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 849, pl. i. fig. 1; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 404 (1890); Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver, Nat. 1892, pp. 89 & 155. 3 Head very small; body long, very slender anteriorly. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral; one pra- and one or two postoculars ; a single anterior temporal, followed by a second equally large; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, second largest and usually in contact with the prefrontal ; two pairs of small chin- shields, in contact with each other. 25 to31 scales round the neck, 40 to 48 round the body ; all the scales rhomboidal and imbricate, or scales subimbricate or juxtaposed on the posterior part of the body, on the neck smooth, on the body with a small tubercle or short keel. Ventrals feebly enlarged, 345-500. Head and neck black, the latter with yellowish cross-bands ; body pale, with black cross-bands or annuli, which are broadest on the back. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 85. From the coasts of India to China and New Guinea. a. & (V. 402). Malabar. &. Q (V. 447). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. e. 3 (V. 364). Siam. (Type of H. atriceps.) d. Q (V. 412). Siam. e. Yg. (V. 452). China. W. Lindsay, Esq. [P.]. (Type of A. lindsayz.) St. x (V. 480), Pinang. Dr. Cantor, gh. oe (V. 370, Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. 400). t. 2 (V. 500), East Indies. T. C. Eyton, Esq. [P.]. k-l. Her. (V. 435) East Indies. East India Company & yg. (V. 458). [P.]. m, 2 (V. 425). —? Haslar Collection. n. & (V. 358). —-? Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Type of H. atriceps.) 18. Hydrophis brookii. Hydrophis brookii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 597, fig. Head very small; body long, extremely slender anteriorly. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pree- and one postocular; a single anterior temporal, followed by a second equally large; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 30 scales round the neck, 42 round the body ; all the scales rhomboidal and imbricate, on the neck smooth, on the body with a small tubercle or short keel. Ventrals feebly enlarged, 416. Head and anterior part of body black, the former with a horseshoe-shaped yellowish marking on the head, the latter with yellow rings, the anterior of which are interrupted below ; 208. HYDROPHIs. 283 further back the body annulate with black, the interspaces narrow and pale olive above, broader and yellow beneath. Total length 970 millim.; tail 95. Borneo. a. Q (V. 416). Borneo. (Type.) The specimen contains fully developed young, which differ from the mother in the prefrontals forming a suture, instead of being separated by the frontal. 19. Hydrophis melanocephalus. (Pratz XV.) | Hydrophis sublevis, yar. melanocephala, part., Gray, Cat. p. 53 (1849). Head very small; body long, very slender anteriorly. Rostral a little broader than deep ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals; one pree- and one postocular ; a single anterior temporal ; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, second largest and in contact with the pre- frontal; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 25 scales round the neck, 35 round the body; all the scales rhomboidal and imbricate, on the neck smooth, on the body with a small tubercle or short keel. Ventrals feebly enlarged, 329. Head and anterior part of body black, the former with a yellowish spot on the forehead and a yellowish streak behind the eye, the latter with yellow rings interrupted below; body olive above, yellow beneath, with black annuli, which are broader on the back. Total length 1070 millim. ; tail 85. Indian Ocean. a. Q (V. 329). Indian Ocean. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. (Type.) 20. Hydrophis torquatus. Hydrophis nigrocincta, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 506, pl. xviii. figs. 11 & 12 (1887). Hydrus nigrocinctus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 128 (1847). Hydrophis torquata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 369, pl. xxv. fig. H (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 402 (1890). Head small; anterior part of body slender, its diameter about one third the depth of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep; nasals longer than the frontal, at least twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal small, as long as broad or a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one post- ocular; prefrontal in contact with the second labial; a single, large anterior temporal ; six or seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin- shields, in contact with each other. 33 or 35 scales round the neck, 43 or 45 round the body; scales imbricate and keeled. 284 COLUBRID.&, Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, 240-285. Pale greyish olive, with blackish cross-bands tapering on the sides. Total length 560 millim. ; tail 50. Bay of Bengal and Straits of Malacca. a-e. 9 (V. 288, 285) & East Indies. East India Co. [P.]. yg. (V. 282, 352, 240). (Types.) 21. Hydrophis obscurus. Russell, Ind. Serp. pls. vii. & viii. (1801). Hydrophis obscurus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 875 (1803) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 403 (1890) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat.1892, p. 88, chloris, Daud. t. ¢. p. 377, pl. xe. Pelamis obscurus, Merr. Tent. p. 189 (1820). chloris, Merr. 1. e. Hydrophis diadema, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 373, pl. xxv. fig. 8 (1864), stvicticolis, Giinth. I. c. p. 876, pl. xxv. fig. R; Anders. Proce, Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 397; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxviii. (1874); Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 38; Peters, Mon, Berl, Ac. 1872, p. 858. Head very small; body very long, extremely slender anteriorly. Rostral broader than deep; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout; one pre- and one or two postoculars ; a single anterior temporal ; seven or eight upper labials; second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior smallest and usually separated by scales. 33 to 40 scales round the neck, 40 to 50 round the body; scales rhomboidal, imbricate, feebly keeled in the female, strongly in the male, the keels often broken up into tubercles. Ventrals very feebly enlarged, longer than broad under the neck, bicarinate in the male, 310-438. Olive or dark green above, with yellowish cross-bars, which form complete rings round the slender part of the body ; on the other two-thirds of the body these bands are interrupted on the back ; a yellow spot on the snout and a yellow streak on each side of the upper surface of the head; or pale olive, with dark cross-bands forming rings on the anterior part of the body. Total length 970 millim. ; tail 105. Bay of Bengal; Malay Archipelago. . a. & (V. 838). Sunderbunds, Bengal. Dr. P. Russell, College of Surgeons[E.]. (Type). b. 2 (V. 882). Sunderbunds. Dr. P. Russell, College of Surgeons [E.]. (Type of H. chloris). e. & (V. 870). Sandheads, Bengal. Sir J. Fayrer (P.]. d-e.2(V. 401,438). Bassein R. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. Ag. &(V. 884) & Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. yg. (V. 342). h. Yg. (V. 398). Bay of Bengal. East India Co. [P.]. . (Type of H. stricticollis.) a om won P Borage. = ea f . (V. 318 aslar Col- 315). ‘ , lection. ae pes of m. Hgr. (V. 367). ——? madera) 209. DISTIRA. 285 22. Hydrophis leptodira. Hydrophis gracilis (non Shaw), Cantor, Trans. Zool. Soc, ii. 1840, p. 31], pl. lvi. Head very small, narrow; body long, extremely slender ante- riorly. Snout strongly projecting beyond the lower jaw; rostral broader than deep; frontal very small, longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral; one pre- and one post- ocular; a single anterior temporal, followed by a second equally large shield; six upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 31 scales round the neck, 58 round the body ; scales smooth, rhomboidal, and imbricate anteriorly, hexagonal, juxtaposed and with a short keel posteriorly. Ventrals very small but distinct throughout, 483. Black, with yellow cross-bars on the neck and complete annuli on the body, the bars and annuli numbering 77. Total length 525 millim. ; tail 40. Mouths of' the Ganges. a, Hgr. (V. 483). Mouths of the Ganges. Dr. Cantor, This is the actual specimen figured by Cantor in 1840. Until quite lately it was preserved in the Museum of the University of Oxford. 209. DISTIRA. Hydrophis, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. vii. p. 872 (1808); Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 165 (1880); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1837) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 49 (1849) ; Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1841 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 40; Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 109 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 360 (1864). Disteira, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1804, p. 210; Dum. § Bior. t. c. p. 1829; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 346; Jan, J. c. p. 109; Giinth. Ll. c. p. 358; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 407 (1890). Leioselasma, Lacép. /, ¢. Pelamis, part., Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 138 (1820). « Enhydris, part., Merr, l. c. p. 140. Aturia, part., Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 61 (1842). Aturia, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 45 (1849). Chitulia, Gray, l. c. p. 56. Kerilia, Gray, 1. c. p. 57. Hydrus, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 58. a Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. Astrotia, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 388; Jan, 1. ¢. p. 108. Maxillary longer than the lower aspect of the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs large, followed by 4 to 10 grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth usually grooved. Head moderate or rather small; nostrils superior, pierced in a single or divided nasal shield, which is in contact with 286 COLUBRID. its fellow; head-shields large; preocular present, loreal usually absent. Body more or less elongate; scales on the anterior part of the body imbricate ; ventrals more or less distinct, very small. Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Persian Gulf to Japan and New Caledonia. ! Skull of Distira stokesii. Synopsis of the Species. I. All the scales strongly imbricate; ventrals usually in pairs and pointed, except quite anteriorly ; no chin-shields ; 39-47 scales round the neck, 48-57 round the body ; ventrals 230-267. 1. stokesi?, p. 288. II. Scales on posterior part of body feebly imbricate, or juxtaposed ; 23-42 scales round the neck, 32-50 round the body ; one or two pairs of chin-shields. A. Frontal shield longer than broad. 1. Second pair of chin-shields, if distinct, separated by several scales, a, Two or three superposed anterior temporals ; ventrals 200-300. Rostral as deep as broad ; 31-36 scales round the neck, 36-41 round the WOW: sera, s ised roieiesg eta sidan stare bial 2. major, p. 289. 209. pIsTrra. 287 Rostral broader than deep; 35-42 scales round the neck, 40-50 round THE: DOD y awd agi cams aheanoersn ane ae 3. ornata, p. 290. Rostral broader than deep; 28-33 scales round the neck, 38-43 round the ody vices vecgerse ure seueaeln eas 4. godeffroyi, p. 291. b. A single anterior temporal; 27 scales round the neck, 38 round the body ; ventrals 329- 335. Two postoculars ; two labials entering TG ey- isis a teehee ee bee eS 5. melanosoma, p. 291. One postocular; three labials entering the Baye AG aie @ xiao mie Wel ee oo 6. semperi, p. 292, 2. Two pairs of chin-shields in contact on the middle line or the posterior separated by a single scale. a. A single anterior temporal. a. Rostral broader than deep; ventrals 300-354. 23-25 scales round the neck ; frontal hardly as long as its distance from the rostral... c.0.e cee sasasiaae 7. subcincta, p. 292. 27-31 scales round the neck; frontal as long as its distance from the ' rostral or the end of the snout. 8. brugmansii, p. 292. 38 scales round the neck .....:.... 9. tuberculata, p. 293. 3. Rostral as deep as broad; ventrals 372-400; 27-29 seales round the neck.. 10. grandis, p. 293. 6. Two or three superposed anterior temporals. a. Scales all imbricate. 31-35 scales round the neck, 43-45 round the body; ventrals 220-256. 11. macfarlani, p. 294. 27-33 scales round the neck, 39-45 round the body ; ventrals 281-385. 12. cyanocincta, p. 294. 26-27 scales round the neck, 48-49 round the body; ventrals 278 .... 138. bituderculata, p. 296. (. Scales on posterior part of body juxtaposed. 25 scales round the neck, 34 round the body ; ventrals 317.......... 14. belcheri, p. 296. 27-29 scales round the neck, 38 round the body; ventrals 253-260...... 15. pachycercus, p. 297. 30-33 scales round the neck, 43-47 round the body ; ventrals 300-387. 16. lapemidoides, p. 297. B. Frontal shield as broad as long; anterior ventrals relatively large ; 27-29 scales round the neck, 37-43 round the body. 17. viperina, p. 298. TIT. Scales slightly imbricate, 15-17 round the neck, 19-21 round the body... sss eeeeeeeerene 18. jerdonti, p. 299. 288 COLUBRID. TABLE sHowIne NUMBERS oF SCALES AND SHIELDS. Se. neck. |Se. body. Vv. Lab. | Ant. temp. SEORCSII vescevessececccoes 39-47 | 48-57 | 230-267] 9-10 2-3 MGI OTs ssavinsdwecueaintes 31-36 | 36-41 | 200-236| 7-8 2 OFNALD .ecensscecrenecees 35-42 | 40-50 {210-300} 7-8 2-3 Godeffroyi .veccecceeeeee 28-33 | 38-43 | 238-294 7 2 MELANOSOMA .....-00000s 27 38 335 vi 1 SCMPETE oo .cceccevecoeeees ? 38 329 8 1 SUDCINCTA oo... seeceeeeee 23-25 35 342 7 1 brugmansit ecco 27-31 | 32-40 | 300-354 7 1 tuberculata .........04- 38 ? 321 ? 1 GTONAIS ve viecsccareceens 27-29 | 41-45 | 372-400 7 1 MACfarlant weseeecoreee 31-35 | 43-45 | 220-256] 7-8 2 CYANOCINCEA vacereccenee 27-33 | 389-45 |281-885] 7-8 2 bituberculata — ..ssseee. 26-27 | 48-49 278 8 2 Delcheri oo ..ececccseseeeee 25 34 317 5-6 2 pachycercus .. .| 27-29 | 38-89 | 258-260 8 2 lapemidoides .. 30-33 | 43-47 | 300-387 8 2-3 viperina... .| 27-29 | 37-43 | 235-267] 7-8 1-2 JOTUONGG ...cecceecccenees 15-17 | 19-21 | 224-238 5 1 1. Distira stokesii. Hydrus major, part., Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 558 (1802). stokesil, Gray,in Stokes, Discov. A ustralia,i. p. 502, pl.iii.(1846) major, Gray, Cat. p. 58 (1849). Hydrophis schizopholis, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. i. 1852, p- 166, pl. xv.; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1857 (1854). annulatus, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 59. Astrotia schizopholis, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 38 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. iii. (1872). Hydrophis stokesii, Grnth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 363 (1864) ; Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 415. ? Hydrophis guentheri, Theob. Cat. Kept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 69. P Hydrophis granosa, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 190. Hydrophis guttata, Murray, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soe. ii. 1887, p. 34. Distira stokesii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 408 (1890). Head moderate; body stout. Rostral as deep as broad; nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the rostral; one pre- and two postoculars ; nine or ten upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye, if not divided to form a series of suboculars; two or three superposed anterior temporals ; no chin-shields. 39 to 47 scales round the neck, 48 to 57 round the body; scales much imbricate, pointed, keeled, the keels frequently broken up into two tubercles. Ventrals usually distinct only quite anteriorly, then in pairs and not larger than the adjoining scales, 230-267. Yellowish or pale brownish, with broad black dorsal cross-bands, or with complete black annuli. Total length 1510 millim. ; tail 200. From the Mekran Coast and the.Chinese Sea to the North Coast of Australia, a. 3 (V. 250). 209, DIsTIRa. 289 Mekran Coast. Capt. E. Bishop [C.]. : . (Type of H. guttata.) Singapore. (Type of H. annulatus.) Singapore. Haslar Collection. Indian Ocean. (One of the types of H. major.) Indian Ocean. Coast of Australia. Capt. Stokes [P.]. V. 240). Coast of Australia. Capt. Drevar [C.]. . Skin, Port Walcott, Capt. Beckett Bh, N.W. Australia, i,k. Hgr. (V. 260) & yg. Port Essington, Lord Derby [P.]. (V. 280). i, Ad., skin, Torres Straits. W. Wykeham Perry, Esq. Pf m, Skull. Holothuria Bank, J.J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. N.W. Australia, 2. Distira major. Hydrus major, part., Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 558, pl. exxiv. (1802). Disteira doliata, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1804, pp. 199 & 210, pl. Ivii.. fig. 2; Dum. § Bidr. vii. p. 1831 (1854) ; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. _p p. 859 (1864). Pelamis shavii, Merr. Tent. p. 1389 (1820). Arte) mentalis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 62 (1842), and Cat, p. 53 849), Disteira dumerilii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 149; Cope, Proc. Ae, Philad. 1859, p. 847; Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. iv. (1872). Hydrophis protervus, Jan, 1. c. p. 150, and Prodr. pl. D (1859) ; Bavay, Mém. Soc. Linn. Norm. xy. no. 5, 1869, p. 36. lacepedei, Jan, Prodr. pl. D. major, Giinth. 1. c. p. 863, pl. xxv. fig. G. Hydrophis, sp., Forné, Note Serp. Mer, Noumea, p.6, pl. —. figs. 1-5. 1883). Distiva major, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 407 (1890). Head moderate; body stout. Rostral as deep as broad; nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the preefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout ; one pre- and one or two post- oculars ; two superposed anterior temporals; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; one pair of small chin- shields. 31 to 36 scales round the neck, 36 to 41 round the body; scales keeled, imbricate, strongly on the neck, feebly on the body. Ventrals distinct, but very small, smooth or bicarinate, 200-236. Yellowish or pale brownish above, regularly barred with blackish or with alternately broad and narrow dark bars; white beneath, with or without small dark brown spots. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 120. North Coast of Australia to New Caledonia. (One of the types of H. major. Type of H. mentalis.) b. Yg. (V. 215). Nicol Bay, N.W. Australia. Mr. Duboulay (C.]. VOL, III. Uv a. 3 (V. 236). Indian Ocean. 290 COLUBRID, e. & (V. 217). Holothuria Bank, N.W. J. J. Walker, Esq. Australia, [P.]. d. Her. (V. 233). Cape York. e. Her. (V. 200). Off Cooktown, N. Queensland. Capt. Drevar [C.}. 3. Distira ornata. Aturia ornata, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 61 (1842), and Cat. p. 45 (1849). Hydrophis ocellata, Gray, Cat. p. 53; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 378, pl. xxv. fig. P (1864); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xii. 1878, p. 416. Chitulia inornata, Gray, Cat. p. 56. Thalassophis schlegelii, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, ii. 1852, p. 83, pl. v. Hdrophis striatus, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1847 (1854). schlegelii, Fischer, Abh. Naturw, Hams, iii. 1856, p. 50; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1872). levis, Liitken, Vidensk. Meddel. 1862, p. 309, pl. i. fig. 6. ornata, Giinth. 1, c. p. 876, pl. xxv. fig. V; Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1888, p. 397. — ellioti, Giinth. 1. c. p. 877, pl. xxv. fig. N. striatus, Jan, I. c. pl. v. fig. 1. Distira ornata, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 411 (1890). Head moderate; body moderately elongate. Rostral broader than deep; nasals shorter than the frontal, two or three times as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two or three postoculars; seven or eight upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two or three superposed anterior temporals ; anterior chin-shields in contact, posterior chin- shields, if distinct, separated by two or three scales. 35 to 42 scales round the neck, 40 to 50 round the middle of the body; scales juxtaposed and hexagonal in the middle of the body, feebly imbricate anteriorly, smooth in the young, with a central tubercle or short keel in the adult. Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, 210-300. Young with blackish cross-bands, tapering on the sides, and with one or more lateral series of roundish dark spots; the bands may become confluent in some specimens, which are uniform blackish olive above and white beneath. Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 130. From the mouth of the Persian Gulf and the coasts of India and Ceylon to New Guinea and North Australia. a. Yg. (V. 232). Indian Ocean. (Type.) b. 5 (V. 240). Indian Ocean. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. : (Type of C. enornata.) ec. 2 (V. 265). Muscat. A. I Jayakar, Esq. d. Her. (V. 235). India. J, aa e, Esq. [P.]. e. 9 (V. 220). Trevandrum, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. : {P.]; f. Yg. (V. 218). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.]. g. Yg. (V. 220). “Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.}. A.D (V. 229). Siam. 209. pistrRa. 291 a 3 (V. 275), Holothuria Bank, N.W, J.J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. Australia, k. Hgr. (V. 290). Australia. J. Macgillivray, Esq. C.]; Lord Derby [P.}, ; (ype of H. ocedlata.) L, 2 (V. 274), Australia, J. Baines, Esq. [P.]. m, n-o. & (V.280) ——?P College of Surgeons, & yg. (V. 228, 215). ‘p. Yg. (V.210), ——?P 4, Distira godeffroyi. sla godeffroyi, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1872, p. 856, pl. i. g. 3. Head moderate ; body stout. Rostral broader than deep; nasals ‘shorter than the frontal, twice as long as the suture between the preefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two post- -oculars; two superposed anterior temporals; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior separated by a pair of scales. 28 to 33 scales round the neck, 38 to 43 round the body; scales subimbricate on the neck, juxtaposed on the body, with a tubercle or short keel, which is very strong in the male. Ventrals distinct, bituberculate, 238-294. Yellowish or pale brown above, yellowish white beneath, with broad ‘blackish cross-bars narrowing on the sides and encircling or nearly encircling the body; head dark olive above. Total length 740 millim. ; tail 85. Kingsmill Islands. .a-b. 3 (V. 238) & 2 (V. 249). —? Dr. J. G. Fischer. 5. Distira melanosoma. Hydrophis melanosoma, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 367, pl. xxv. fig. E (1864). Head rather small and short; body elongate. Rostral a little broader than deep ; nasals shorter than the frontal, twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; ‘one pre- and one postocular; a single large anterior temporal ; ‘seven upper labials, second largest and in contact with the pra- frontal, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin- shields, the posterior separated by a pair of scales. 27 scales round the neck, 38 round the body; scales imbricate, strongly keeled. Ventrals distinct throughout, bicarinate, 335. Black above, with 66 narrow light rings, more or less interrupted, on the belly, greenish beneath, bright yellow on the sides. Total length 1250 millim. ; tail 130. Habitat unknown. a 9. (V. 385), —-? College of Surgeons [E.]. (Type) 292 COLUBRID. 6. Distira semperi. Hydrophis semperi, Garm. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, viii. 1881, p. 85. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; nasal grooved from the nostril to the second labial ; frontal little less than twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; a single, large anterior temporal ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, anterior larger. Scales smooth, imbricate,. 38 round the middle of the body. Ventrals small, 329, Black, crossed by 57 narrow white bands which do not meet on the belly. Lake Taal, Luzon. Perhaps specifically identical with the preceding. 7. Distira subcincta. Hydrophis subcinctus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 63 (1842), and Cat. p. 52° (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 368, pl. xxv. fig. F (1864). Head small; body much elongate; neck slender, its diameter about one third the greatest depth of the body. Rostral broader than deep; nasals as long as the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prafrontals; frontal much longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; a single, large anterior temporal, descending nearly to the border of the mouth; seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 23 to 25 scales round the neck, 35 round the body; scales feebly imbri- cate, feebly keeled. Ventrals very distinct, 542. “Trunk with 41 broad dark cross-bands, about as broad as the interspaces, not extending downwards to the middle of the side; a series of small, roundish, blackish spots along the lower part of the sides.” Total length 1070 millim. ; tail 100. Indian Ocean. a. Q (V. 342). Indian Ocean. (Type. 8. Distira brugmansii. Hydrophis brugmansii, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 554. nigrocincta, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 505, pl. xvili- figs. 8-10 (1837). sublevis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 62 (1842). Hydrus striatus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 126 (1847). Hydrophis sublevis, part., Gray, Cat. p. 52 (1849). —— nigrocincta (non Daud.), Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii- 1856, p. 46, pl. i. —— cyanocincta, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 367 (1864). robusta, Giinth. 1. c. p. 364; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxi. (1874) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 394 (1884) ; Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1889, p. 347. rappii, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1872). temporalis, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 680, fig. bishopii, Murray, 7. c. p. 891, pl. —. Distira robusta, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 409 (1890). 209. DISTIRA. 293 Head moderate; body elongate. Rostral broader than deep; nasals ‘shorter than the frontal, about twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pree- and one or two postoculars; asingle large anterior temporal, sometimes descending to the labial margin ; seven upper labials, second largest, third and fourth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, in contact on the middle line. 27 to 31 scales round the neck, 32 to 40 round the dody ; scales rhomboidal and subimbricate, smooth or each with a more or less distinct central tubercle or short obtuse keel. Ventrals distinct throughout, smooth or bitubercular, 300-354. Greenish yellow above, dorsal scales with black margins, with black cross- bands or annuli, which are narrower than the interspaces between them ; sides and lower parts yellow ; end of tail black. Total length 1800 millim. ; tail 120. Persian Gulf and coasts of India, Burma, and the Malay Archi- pelago. a. 2 (V. 354). Gangestun, Persia, (Type of H. temporalis.) b-c. Q (V. 348) & Muscat. A. 8. G. Jayakar, Esq. her. (V. 320). [P.]. d. & (V. 323). Kurrachee. My. J. A. Murray [C.]. e. 2 (V. 312). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C. ]. SF. 2 (V. 381). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.1, g-h. Hgr. (V. 322) Madras. Dr. J. R. Henderson & yg. (V. 800.) [P.]. z @ (V. 330). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. k. & (V. 336). Indian Ocean, (Type of H. sublevis.) d, 2 (V. 310) P (Type of H. robusta.) 9. Distira tuberculata. Hydrophis tuberculata, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 18; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 393 (1884). Distira tuberculata, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 409 (1890). Head moderate; neck not very slender. Rostral broader than deep; head-shields studded with minute granules; fourth and fifth labials below the eye; one pre- and two postoculars ; anterior temporal large and almost entering the labial margin ; two pairs of Jarge square chin-shields in contact with each other. 38 rows of slightly imbricate scales round the neck, each with two prominent tubercles, one before the other. Ventrals 321, small, irregular ; each ventral with several minute tubercles on either side. Body encircled by black bands, broadest and blackest on the back; ground-colour olive-yellow above, bright gamboge-yellow below. Total length 1200 millim. Persian Gulf, coast of Sind, tidal streams at Calcutta. 10. Distira grandis. (Prarz XVI.) Head rather small; body much elongate, its greatest depth twice and a half to three times the diameter of the neck. Rostral as 294 COLUBRID. deep as broad; nasals shorter than the frontal, twice to thrice as- long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; one pree- and two postoculars ; a single anterior temporal; seven upper labials, second largest and. in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 27 to 29 scales round the neck, 41 to 45 round the body; scales feebly imbricate, keeled, the keels very feeble in the female. Ventrals. very small, smooth in the female, with two tubercles in the male,. 372-400. Greyish olive above, yellowish white on the sides and beneath ; neck with dark olive or blackish cross-bars, which become very indistinct or disappear on the body. Total length 2300 millim.; tail 160. Malay Archipelago and North Coast of Australia, a-b. & (V. 889) & Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. @ (V. 400). e. 2 (V. 872). Queensland. Prof. M. A. Thomson [P.}.. 11. Distira macfarlani. (Puare XVIL. fig. 1.) Head moderate; body moderately elongate. Rostral a little broader than deep; nasals shorter than the frontal, about thrice as. long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; two superposed anterior temporals ; seven or eight upper labials, second largest and in contact with. the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; fifth upper labial also entering the eye, if not, with a detached upper portion. forming a subocular ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other, 31 to 35 scales round the neck, 43 to 45 round the body; scales feebly imbricate, smooth, or dorsals faintly keeled. Ventrals- very small, 220-256. Whitish, with a dorsal and a ventral series of black rhomboidal transverse spots or cross-bars opposite to each other ; on the neck, the ventral spots are confluent in the middle and unite with the dorsals on both sides; head black above and. beneath, with a yellow spot on the forehead and a yellow streak. from the eye along the temple. Total length 460 millim.; tail 40. Torres Straits. ab, Yg. (V. 256, 220). Murray Id." Rev. S, Macfarlane (C.]. 12. Distira cyanocincta. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. ix. (1801). Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 883 (1803); Peters,. Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 852, pl. i. fig. 2; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxiii. (1874) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 391 (1884). Leioselasma striata, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iy. 1804, pp. 198, 210, pl. Ivii. fig. 1. ee Enhydris cyanocinctus, Merr. Tent. p. 141 (1820), 209. pDIsTIRA, 295 Enhydris striatus, Merr. J. ¢. Hydrus cyanocinctus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 354. Hydrophis striata, Schleg. Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 89, pl. vii. (1837), and Phys. Serp. ii. p. 502, pl. xviii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 41. Hydrus striatus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 126 (1847). Hydrophis subannulata, Gray, Cat. B 54 (1849), th, —— aspera, Gray, lc. p. 55; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p.865 (1864). —— cyanocincta, Bade, Giinth, 1. ce. p. 367. —— trachyceps, Theod. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 70. crassicollis, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 19. —— westermanni, Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. v. fig. 1 (1872). ee Murray, Journ. Bomb: N. H. Soc. ii. 1887, p. 82, pl. —. —— taprobanica, Haly, Taprobanian, ii. 1887, p. 107. Distira cyanocincta, Bouleng. Fawn. Ind., Rept. p. 410 (1890); W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 247; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 90. Head moderate ; body elongate. Rostral slightly broader than deep; nasals shorter than the frontal, twice, or rather more than twice, as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre-and two post- oculars; seven or eight upper labials, second largest, third and fourth, fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye; two superposed anterior temporals ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, in contact on the middle line, or posterior pair separated by one scale. 27 to 33 scales round the neck, 39 to 45 round the middle of the body ; scales rhomboidal and subimbricate, with a short keel which is very strong, and broken up into two or three tubercles in adult males. Ventrals distinct throughout, smooth or with two or more tubercles, 281-385. Greenish olive above, with dark olive or black cross-bars or annuli, broadest on the back, and sometimes joined by a black band running along the belly ; or yellowish witha black vertebral stripe sending off a few bar-like processes on the neck. Total length 1500 millim.; tail 140. From the Persian Gulf and the coasts of India to China and Japan and Papuasia. A. Black annuli complete and connected by a black band along the belly. a-b. g (V. 348) & hgr. Bushire. E. Lort Phillips, Esq. (V. 326). P.). e. Yg. (V. 306). Persian Gulf. d. Her. (V. 344). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. e. 2 (V. 315). Madras. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. f. @ (V. 296). Sunderbunds, Dr. P. Russell, College Bengal. of Surgeons [E.]. g, h-k. 2 (V. 310) & yg. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. (V. 308, 305, 303). B. Black annuli complete but not connected by a band along the belly. a. Yg. (V. 339). Malabar. ~ Col. Beddome [C.]. 296 COLUBRID. b. Hgr. (V. 370). Madras beach. Dr. J. R. Henderson (P.]. e f (V. 842). China. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. ©. Annuli feebly marked or interrupted on the sides and beneath. a-b. & (V. 852) & Q Khor Abdulla, head ee Cumming, Esq, (V. 374). of Persian Gulf. [P.]. = : e. g (V. 360). Bushire. E. a Phillips, Esq. d. 3 (V. 377). Kurrachee. Kurrachee Mus. [E.]}. e. 2 (V. 814). Ceylon. cs Esq. J. Her. (V. 296). Mergui. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. g. & (V. 325). Singapore. (Type of H. aspera. A. 2 (V. 880). Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [P.]. a & (V. 348). Near Zebu, Philip- H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ pines, k. @ (V. 348). —? D. Dark cross-bars, confined to the back. a. @ (V. 281). Muscat. = 8. . Jayakar, Esq. ol. b, Her. (V. 360). —-? E. A dark stripe along the back; cross-bars absent or confined to the nape. a. & (V. 830). Bombay. H. M. Phipson, Esq. [P.]. (As Z. phip- sont, Murr.) 13. Distira bituberculata. Hydrophis bituberculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 855, pl. ii. fig. 2. Distira bituberculata, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 411 (1890). Very closely allied to D. lapemidoides, but scales imbricate, with the keels mostly broken up into two tubercles; 26 or 27 scales round the neck, 48 or 49 round the deepest part of the body. Ventrals distinct, 278. Dark brown above, yellowish on the sides and heneath, the skin between the scales black. Total length 1090 millim.; tail 100. Ceylon. 14. Distira belcheri. (Prare XVIL. fig. 2.) Aturia belcheri, Gray, Cat. p. 46 (1849). Hydrophis belcheri, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 364 (1864). Head rather small; body elongate ; diameter of neck two fifths greatest depth of body. Rostral as deep as broad; nasals shorter than the frontal, twice as long as the suture between the pre- frontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and 209. DisTIRA. 297 two postoculars; two superposed anterior temporals; five or six upper labials, fourth bordering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 25 scales round the neck, 34 round the body ; scales feebly imbricate on the anterior part of the body, juxtaposed on the posterior part, feebly keeled. Ventrals very distinct throughout, smooth, 317. Olive above, yellowish beneath ; neck with dark cross-bands, which gradually disappear on the body ; head dark olive, lighter on the crown. Total length 810 millim.; tail 75. New Guinea. a. 2 (V. 317). New Guinea. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. (Type.) 15. Distira pachycercus. Hydrophis pachycercos, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 44, pl. ii; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 878 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. vi. (1872). Head rather small; body stout. Rostral as deep as broad, nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; two superposed anterior temporals; eight upper labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye, fifth divided, its upper portion forming a subocular ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. 27 to 29 scales round the neck, 38 or 39 round the body; scales feebly imbricate on the neck, juxtaposed on the body, with strong keels each formed of two tubercles, Ventrals very distinct, 258-260. Yellowish above, with feebly marked dark cross-bands, white beneath ; upper surface of head and nape brown; end of tail black. Total length 930 millim. ; tail 110. Malay Archipelago, a. 3 (V. 258). Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. 16. Distira lapemidoides. Aturia lapemoides, Gray, Cat. p. 46 (1849). Hydrophis lapemoides, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 375 (1864); Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiviii. 1879, p. 132. —— holdsworthii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. A. (4) ix. 1872, p. 38. —— stewartii, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 399; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxiv. (1874) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 890 (1884). dayanus, Stolczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 89; Murray, 1. ¢. p. 398. Distioa tipemiAldicce Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 412 (1890). Head rather small; body elongate, slender anteriorly, diameter of neck two fifths to one third the greatest depth. Rostral slightly broader than deep; nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; frontal much longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two 298 . COLUBRIDZ. or three postoculars; eight upper labials, second largest, third and fourth entering the eye; two or three superposed anterior temporals ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, in contact, or posterior separated by one scale. 30 to 33 scales round the neck, 43 to 47 round the body; scales rhomboidal and subimbricate on the neck, hexagonal and juxtaposed on the body, of young smooth, of adult female with a feeble tubercle or keel, of adult male with a strong spinose tubercle.. Ventrals distinct throughout, 300-387. Young yellowish or greyish olive above, white beneath, with complete black rings which are broadest on the back; head black, with an angular yellow (vermilion) band above, the apex on the snout; tail black, with light vertical bands at the base. In the adult the bands become more obsolete and are not continued across the body, and the head is uniform olive-brown. Total length 940 millim.; tail 90. Coasts of Baluchistan, India, and Ceylon. a. Yg. (V. 305). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P. ‘| 6. He. (V. 332). Ceylon. Zoological He ] (Typesy e. 3 (V. 387). Ceylon. E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq. ot d, Hgr. (V. 828), Ceylon, E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq. [C.]. (Type of H. holdsworthii.) e. Her. (V. 800). Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. St. 2 (V. 362). Poorie, Orissa. Sir J. Fayrer [P.]. g. Yg. (V. 345). Gwadar, Baluch- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. istan. 17. Distira viperina. Thalassophis viperina, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, ti. 1852, . 79, pl. iii. Ditteire Fine Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1831 (1854). Hydrophis doliata, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 56. P Hydrophis obscurus (non Daud.), Jan, Rev. §& Mag. Zool. 1859, P: ee Prodr. pl. D (1859), and Icon. Ophid. 40, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1872). Hydvonbis viperina, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 378 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 400; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1888, p. 91; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 44. —— jayakari, Bouleng. Ann. & Mug. N. H. (5) xx. 1887, p. 408; Anders, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1889, p. 348. plumbea, Murray, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. ii. 1887, p. 34. Distira viperina, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 418 (1890). Head rather small; body moderately elongate, rather slender anteriorly. Rostral as deep as broad; nasals as long as or a little shorter than the frontal; suture between the prefrontals very short; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one or two pre- and one or two postoculars; seven or eight upper labials, second largest, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye; one or two anterior temporals; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other, posterior longest. 27 to 29 scales round the neck, 37 to 43 round the body; scales juxtaposed, obtusely keeled. Ventrals 209. pisrrra. 299 relatively large anteriorly, bituberculate in the male, 235-267. Slaty grey above, with rhomboidal transverse black spots, white or pink on the sides and inferiorly; some specimens uniform dark grey above; in the young the black spots are continued down the sides of the body ; end of tail black. Total length 920 millim. ; tail 100. From the Persian Gulf and the Mekran Coast, round the coasts of India and Burma to Java, Hong Kong, and Hainan. a. 2 (V. 260). Muscat. A.S8. G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.]. (Type of H. jayakarz.) &. 2 (V. 248). Bombay. H. M. Phipson, Esq. [P.]. ce. Her. (V. 245). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. d, Yg. (V. 287). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. a e. 2 (V. 245). Hong Kong. City Hall Museum [E. ]. F. @ CV. 235). Indian Ocean. 18. Distira jerdonii. Russell, Ind, Serp. ii. pl. xii. (1801). Hydrus nigrocinctus, var., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 129, pl. xl. fig. 8 (1847). Kerilia jerdonii, Gray, Cat. p. 57 (1849). Hydrus cantori, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1854, p. 526. Hydrophis jerdonii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 362, pl. xxv. fig. B (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 190; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xx. (1874). Distira jerdonii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 408 (1890); Boetig. Mitih. Geogr. Ges. u. Nat. Mus. Bremen, (2) v. 1893, p. —. Head short ; snout declivous and rather pointed; body mode- rately elongate. Rostral as deep as broad; nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; a single large anterior temporal, descending to the labial margin. 15 or 17 scales round the neck, 19 or 21 round the body; scales broader than long, slightly imbricate, strongly keeled. Ventrals distinct, but feebly enlarged, more or less distinctly bituberculate, 224-238. Olive above, yellowish beneath, with black cross-bands, which form complete rings in young and half-grown specimens; a black spot may be present between each pair of annuli. Total length 910 millim.; tail 100. Bay of Bengal, Straits of Malacca, Borneo. a. & (V. 288). Madras. T.C. J jlo Esq. [P.]- ype.) bg (V. 228). Madras. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. ce. Hgr., dry. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. d. 9 (V. 224). ih Haslar Collection. 300 COLUBRID. 210. ENHYDRIS. Enhydris, part., Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 140 (1820). : Hydrophis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1887); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1841 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (1868) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 360 (1864). Lapemis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 60 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 48 (1849). Pelamis, part., Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 61. Enhydris, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 396 (1890), Maxillary as long as the ectopterygoid, extending forwards as far as the palatine, with two large poison-fangs and 2 to 4 small feebly- grooved teeth. Nostrils superior; head-shields large; nasals in contact with each other; a preocular; loreal present or absent. Body short and stout; scales hexagonal or squarish, juxtaposed ; ventrals very feebly developed, if at all distinct. From the coasts of India to the Chinese Sea and New Guinea. 1. Enhydris curtus. Hydrus curtus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 562 (1802). Enhydris curtus, Merr, Tent. p. 140 (1820); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 896 (1890). ge eurtus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 60 (1842), and Cat. p. 44 Hydvophis propinquus, Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 151, Prodr. pl. E (1859), and Icon. Gén. 41, pl. i. fig. 2 (1872). curta, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 879 (1864); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xxiv. (1874) ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 91; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 395 (1884). Rostral broader than deep; internasals twice to thrice as long as the suture between the prefrontals ; parietals broken up into small shields; one pre- and one or two postoculars; no loreal ; two or three superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, fourth, third, and fourth, or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; chin- shields very small and separated by scales, or quite indistinct. 30 to 38 scales round the anterior part of the body, 33 to 42 round the middle, with a very feebly-developed tubercle or short keel ; the scales on the lower surface, in the male, with a very strong spinose tubercle. Ventrals distinct in the anterior half of the body, with two spinose tubercles in the male, 150-200. Above with dark transverse bands, broadest in the middle; these bands are usually very dark, nearly black, but in some old specimens rather indistinct; end of tail black. Total length 750 millim. ; tail 75. Coasts of India and Ceylon. a, Yo. (V. 152). India. Type. b. ae Wy, 152). India. (Type.) e. g (V. 157). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. d. 2 (V. 194). Mangalore, 8, Canara. —_E.. Pringle, Esq. ey ef. 9 (V.160) & yg. Trevandrum, Travan- H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq, (V. 182). core. [P:]. 210. ENHYDRIS. 301 g. Her. (V. 150). Madras. T, C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. h,t. 3 (V. 163, 157). Ceylon. Boe Te Holdsworth,, sq. [C.]. Rk 3 (V. 155). Ceylon. 1, 3, skeleton. Ceylon. 2. Enhydris hardwickii. Lapemis hardwickii, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. xxvii. f. 2 (1834), and Cat. p. 44 (1849). Hydrophis pelamigoides, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 512, pl. xviii. figs. 16 & 17 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. pl. ix. (1888) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1845 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. iti. fig. 1 (1872). Lapemis loreatus, Gray, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. xi. 1843, p. 46. Hydrophis (Pelamis) pelamidoides, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Haml.. iii. 1856, p. 64, pl. iil. —— problematicus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 150, and Prodr.. pl. D (1859). — hardwickii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 380, pl. xxv. fig. W (1864) ; Anders, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1889, p. 348. —— loreata, Giinth. 1. c. p. 380; Boettg. Zool, Anz. 1888, p. 396. — fayreriana, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x1. 1871, p. 19. —— abbreviatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. iv. fig.2, & v. fig. 2. — brevis, Jan, 1. ¢. pl. iv. fig. 2. . Enhydris hardwicki, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 397 (1890). Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep ; parietals- large ; one pre- and one to three postoculars ; a loreal sometimes present ; two or three superposed anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, fourth, or third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields very small and separated by scales, or quite indistinct. 25 to 33- scales round the anterior part of the body, 34 to 37 round the middle, with tubercles as in the preceding species. Ventrals- usually very indistinct, 130-200. Coloration as in the pre- ceding, but the dark bands often forming complete rings round the: body. Total length 750 millim.; tail 80. From the Bay of Bengal to the Chinese Sea and the coast of New Guinea. a. Q (V. 150). India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type.) b-c. § _(V. 180) & Singapore. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. (V. 153). d. : (V. 185). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. (Type of L. loreatus.) e, f. 2 (V. 136, 142). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. g. & (V. 140). Philippines. h. Her. (V. 175). Manilla. il. 9 (V. 180, 156, Negros. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 140.) m-q. 3 (V.155, 138), Malay Archipelago. @ (V. 200, 146), & yg. (V. 130). 302 COLUBRIDZ. 211. ENHYDRINA. Disteira, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Polyodontus (non Lacép.), Lesson, in Bélang. Voy. Ind, Or., Rept. p. 825 (1834). ‘ Hydrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1837); Dum. § ‘Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1841 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 41; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (1863). . Enhydrina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 47 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 381 (1864); Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 405 (1890). Maxillary scarcely longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards quite as far as the palatine, with two large poison-fangs followed by 4 solid teeth. Nostrils superior; head-shields large, nasals in contact with each other; a preocular; no loreal. Body moderately elongate ; scales imbricate; ventrals distinct but very small *, ‘ From the Persian Gulf to New Guinea. 1. Enhydrina valakadien. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xi, (1801). Hydrus valakadyn, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 554. Disteira russellii, Fitzinger, Isis, 1827, p. 733. Polyodontus annulatus, Lesson, in Bélang. Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 826, pl. iv. (1834). Hydrophis schistosa (non Daud.), Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 500, pl. xviii. figs. 1-3 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1844 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamé, iii. 1856, p. 48 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1872). bengalensis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 62 (1842). subfasciata, Gray, 1. ¢. Hydrus schistosus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 182 (1847). Enhydrina bengalensis, Gray, Cat. p. 48 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 881 (1864); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xviii. (1874) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 896 (1884). —— valakadyen, Gray, Cat. p. 48; Stoliezka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 218, and Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p.91; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 406, fig. (1890). schistosa, Stoliczka, 1. c.; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, . 198. A oarophis fasciatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. iii. fig. 2. Rostral deeper than broad; frontal small, longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals ; one pre- and one or two postoculars; seven or eight upper labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye; usually a single anterior temporal; chin-shields small or indistinct. 40 to 60 scales round the neck, 50 to 70 round the body; scales feebly imbricate, with a small tubercle or short keel, which is stronger in the males. Ventrals very slightly enlarged, 230-314. Young olive or grey above, with black transverse bands, broadest in the middle and tapering to a point on the sides; in the adult these ‘i i begin to be distinguishable at a considerable distance behind the ead, : 212, aIpysuRvs. : 3038 bands are usually less distinct, some specimens being uniform dark grey above ; sides and lower parts whitish. Total length 1300 millim.; tail 190.: From the Persian Gulf along the coasts of India and Burma to the Malay Archipelago and Papuasia. a-b, § (V. 310) & Muscat. A. 8. G. Jayakar, Esq. V. 268). P.}. ! o-d. & (V. 268) & Q Kurrachee, Kurrachee Museum (V. 250). a e-f. 2 (V. 256) & yg. Malabay. Col. Beddome [C.]. (V. 260). gS vr. 297). Malabar. h. 3 (V. 268). W. Ceylon. E. Both, en ey a, k. Q (V. 248, 255). Madras. T. ©. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. ree (V. 240) & yg. Sandheads, Bengal. Sir J. Fayrer (Pt (V. 233). n, & (V. 256). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type of E. bengalensis.) o. 2 (V. 249), Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. p. Her. (V. 239). India. Gen. Hardwicke Py q. & (V. 235). Mergui. Prof, Oldham [P.]}. r-s. 3 (V. 280) & 2 Mergui. Dr, J. Anderson [P.]. (V. 240). t. 9 (V. 286) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. u. bd (V. 254). Siam. Wer Newman, Esq. v. Yg. (V. 230). Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. w. Ye. (V. 288). 8. coast of New J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. Guinea. a. 9 skeleton. Madras. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. 212. AIPYSURUS. Aipysurus, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1804, p. 197; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1823 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 31; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 108 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 357 (1864). Stephanohydra, Tschudi, Arch. f. Nat. 1837, p. 3381; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 59 (1849). Hydrophis, part., Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 488 (1837). Hypotropis, Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846, p. 284, Tomogaster, Gray, Cat. p. 59. Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. Emydocephalus, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 321. Pelagophis, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 413. Maxillary a little longer than the ectopterygoid, extending for- wards beyond the palatine; poison-fangs moderate, followed, after a short interspace, by 8 to 10 grooved teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth feebly grooved. Snout short; nostrils superior ; head-shields large or broken up into scales; nasals in contact with each other. Body moderate; scales imbricate; ventrals large, keeled in the middle. Malay Archipelago and Western Tropical Pacific Ocean. As in Distira, the prefrontal nearly reaches the postfrontal. 304 COLUBRID H. Synopsis of the Species. A. Scales in 17 rows; head shielded above. Six upper labials, fourth entering the eye.. 1. eydouaii, p. 304. Two or three upper labials, second covering nearly the whole lip ..............4. 2. annulatus, p. 304, B. Scales in 19 to 25 rows. Upper head-shields distinct, more or less broken up; scales in 21 to 25 rows.... 3. levis, p. 305. Head covered with small scales; scales in 1D LOWS sie cie ca ay scamnins Jo we sae a 4, australis, p. 305. 1. Aipysurus eydouxii. Tomogaster eydouxii, Gray, Cat. p. 59 (1849). Thalassophis anguilleeformis, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, ii. 1852, . 76, pl. i. mureneformis, Schmidt, L. c. p. 77. Aipysurus levis (non Lacép.), Guichen. Voy. Péle Sud, Zool. iii. Kept. p. 21, pl. vi. (1853); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1826, pl. lxxvii d. fig. 4 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iil. 1856, p. 832; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1872). margaritophorus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xvi. 1858, 9, Pp -—— anguilleformis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 357 (1864) ; Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1892, p. 420. Eye a little longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep ; upper head-shields regular; frontal large, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the preeocular ; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 142 or 242; six upper labials, fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin- shields shorter than the posterior, which are separated by an azygous shield. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-142. Dark brown above, with cross-bands of yellow, black-edged scales, often broken up on the vertebral line; these bands widening towards the belly, which is yellow, with or without dark brown spots. Total length 490 millim.; tail 70. Coasts of Singapore, Java, and the Philippines. a, Q (V. 142). Indian Ocean. (Type.) b. @ (V. 142). Java. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of Ai. margaritophorus.) e. & (V. 140). Java. 2, Aipysurus annulatus. Emydocephalus annulatus, Kreft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 322, and Sn. Austral. p. 92 (1869). —— tuberculatus, Krefft, 1. c. pp. 322, 93. Aipysurus chelonicephalus, Bavay, Mém. Soc. Linn. Norm. xv. no. 5, 1869, p. 34. 212. aIpysuRvs. 305 Head more or less regularly shielded, the shields granulate ; a large frontal ; supraocular undivided ; one pre- and two postoculars ; second upper and lower labial extremely large, covering nearly the whole upper and lower lip. Scales in 17 rows, rough with five or more tubercles. Ventrals 135-144. Purplish brown or black, some of the scales lighter or forming whitish annuli. Total length 800 millim. Loyalty Islands. 3. Aipysurus levis. se ey levis, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1804, pp. 197, 210, pl. lvi. g. 3; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 358 (1864). a cen tee fusca, Tschudt, Arch. f. Nat. 1887, p. 331, pl. viii. ; ray, Cat. p. 60 (1849) ; Gtinth. Cat, p. 272 (1858). Hydrophis pelamidoides, part., Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 512 (1837), and Abbid. p. 115 (1844). Hypotropis jukesii, Gray, dun. § Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846, p. 284, and in Jukes, Voy. Fly, ii. p. 338, pl. i. (1847), Aipysurus fuliginosus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1827, pl. Ixxvii. b. figs. 1 & 2 (1854); Fischer, Abk. Naturw. Hambd. iii, 1856, p. 33; Bavay, Mém. Soc. Linn. Norm. xv. no. 5, 1869, p. 83; Jan, Icon. Gén, 40, pl. i. fig. 3 (1872); Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 112. — fuscus, Fischer, 0. c. —-— duboisii, Bavay, 1. c. Eye shorter than its distance from the mouth. Head with distinct shields above, which are more or less divided and often very irregular; rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad, often longitudinally bisected ; supraocular divided into two; one or two pre- and two or three postoculars ; eight to ten upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye if nut broken up; chin-shields small or indistinct. Sales in 21 to 25 rows, smooth, vertebrals often more or less enlarged. Ventrals 137-162, Brown, uniform or with small darker spots. Total length 1720 millim. ; tail 170. Pacific Ocean, from Celebes to the Loyalty Islands. a. Ad., skin (V. 143). Arafura Sea. J. J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. & 3 (V. 148). Kei Is. - Capt. Langen [P.]. ce. 3 (V. 146). New Guinea, Mrs. Stanley aa d. 9 (V. 151). Torres Straits, Mr. Comrie [C.}. ce. 2 (V. 158). Baudin I. J. rp Walker, Esq. Pj. f. Yg. (V. 187). Rockhampton, Queens- Museum Godeffroy. land. g. &, skin (V.151). Darnley I. J.B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Hypotropis jukesit.) h. & (V. 155). —? a. Skull of g. 4, Aipysurus australis. Aipysurus fuscus (mon Tschudi), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 358 1864); Arefft, Sn. Austral. p. 91 (1869). VOL, III. x 306 COLUBRID. Aipysurus australis, Sawvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877 »P 114. Pelagophis lubricus, Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xii. 1878, p. 414. ’ Head-shields broken up into small irregular scales with numerous small granular tubercles; eye rather small, surrounded by 8 or 9 small shields; rostral a little broader than deep; eight or nine upper labials, fifth sometimes entering the eye; chin-shields small, indistinct. Scales smooth or obtusely keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals: 156-166. Brown, or cream-colour with brown spots on the scales forming more or less distinct cross-bars. Total length 930 millim. ; tail 110. Coasts of New Guinea and Australia. a. & (V. 165). Australia. Capt. Stokes [P. ]}. b. 3 (V. 156). Australia. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. ce. d (V. 166). Australia. Mr. Barrow [P.]. 213. PLATURUS. Laticauda, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 109 (1768). Hydrus, part., Sehneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799). Platurus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 228 (1808); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 166 (1830); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1818 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 27; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p- 108 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 355 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 394 (1890). Hydrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1837). Maxillary much shorter than the ectopterygoid, extending forwards beyond the palatine, with two large poison-fangs; one or two small solid teeth near the posterior extremity of the maxillary. Head-shields large ; nostrils lateral, the nasals separated by internasals; praocular present; no loreal. Body much elongate; scales smooth and imbricate; ventrals and subcaudals large. astern parts of the Indian Ocean and West Pacific. Synopsis of the Species. I. No ventral keel; ventrals 195-240. No azygous shield on the snout ; scales in. 19 TOWS secrea swe Neue mee o 1. laticaudatus, p. 307. An azygous shield between the pra- frontals ; scales in 21-25 rows.... 2. colubrinus, p. 3Q8. II. A keel along the posterior half of the belly. An azygous shield between the pre- frontals; scales in 21-23 rows; ventrals 178-198 .............. 3. schistorhynchus, p. 309. No azygous shield on the snout ; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 229 ........ 4, muelleri, p. 309. 213. prarurRts. 307 Fig. 21. J Skull of Platurus colubrinus. 1. Platurus laticaudatus. Coluber laticaudatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 31, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1754), and S. N. i. p. 883 (1766). Laticauda scutata, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 109 (1768). Platurus fasciatus, part., Daud. Rept. vii. p. 226 (1803); Dum. & a vii. p. 1321 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamé,. iii. 1856, p. 28. Hydrophis colubrinus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 514 (1887). Platurus laticaudatus, Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 180 (1858) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 417; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 895, fig. (1890). —— laticaudatus, var. A, Giinth. Cat. p. 272 (1858), — fischeri, Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 149, and Prodr. pl. D (1859) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 356, pl. xxv. fig A (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 189; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. i. fig. 2 (1872); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xix. (1874). ° —— affinis, Anders, 1. c. p. 190. Rostral deeper than broad; no azygous shield on the snout ; frontal not longer than the parietals; one pre-and two postoculars ; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; “2 308 COLUBRID, temporals14+2. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals not keeled, 210-240 @ subcaudals 25-45. Olive above, yellowish beneath, with 29-48 black annuli which are as broad as or broader than the interspaces between them. Total length 970 millim.; tail 90. From the Bay of Bengal to the Chinese Sea and the Western South Pacific Ocean. a. 3 (V. 222; C. 48). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]}. b. Her. (V. 231; C. 43). Chartaboum. c-d. & (V.233; C. 80) & Loo Choo Islands, H. Pryer, Esq. [P.]. yg. (V. 232; 0. 81). e. Her. (V. 231; C. 42). New Guinea. Ff. Har. (V. 223; C. 31). New Guinea? Sir E. Belcher [P.]. g. Her. (V. 210; C. 32). Duke of York Is. Rev. G. Brown [C.]. A. Her. (V. 280; C. 32). Fiji Is. H.M.S. ‘ Herald.’ z. Her. (V. 224; C. 35). Aneiteum, New Heb- J. Morelos Esq. rides, .). . ke 3 (V. 287; C. 45). Australia. G. Kretft, Esq. [P.]. l. g (V. 284; C. 44). Tasmania. Haslar Collection. m. 9 (V, 229; C. 33). S. Pacific. Museum of Economic Geology. 2. Platurus colubrinus. Hydrus colubrinus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 238 (1799). Platurus fasciatus, part., Daud. Rept. vii. p. 226, pl. lxxxv. fig. 1 (1803); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1821 (1854). Hydrophis colubrinus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 514, pl. xviii. figs. 21 & 22 (1837). Laticauda scutata, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 125 (1847). Platurus colubrinus, Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 178 (1858) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p.418; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst, v. 1888, p. 18; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 395 (1890). —— laticaudatus, var. B, Giinth. Cat. p. 272 (1858). —— fasciatus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 149, and Icon. Gén. AO, pl. i. fig. 1 (1872). —— scutatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 856 (1864). Rostral deeper than broad ; an azygous shield between the pre- frontals and sometimes one or two between the internasals; frontal as loug as or slightly shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 (rarely 242); six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 2] to 25 rows. Ventrals not keeled, 195-240; subcaudals 30-45. Olive above, yellowish below, with 28 to 54 black annuli, which are as wide as the interspaces between them or narrower ; some or all of the annuli may be interrupted on the belly. Total length 1270 millim.; tail 125. From the Bay of Bengal to the Chinese Sea and the Western South Pacific Ocean. a~-b,c-d, 3 (V.229; C. 45), India. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 9 (V.235; C. 33), & her, (V. 202, 240; C. 42, 34). 213. pLaTURUS. 309 e. Yg. (V. 228; C. 38), Pinang. Dr. Cantor. J. Q (V. 2338 ; ©. 383). Engano L, S.W. Dr. Modigliani [P.]. Sumatra. g. Her. (V. 225; C. 45). Soolvo Is. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. A. @ (V. 220; C. 33). Amboyna. Sir E. Belcher Py ae ae: (V. 218, 221; C.44, Kei Is. Capt. Langen [P.]. : ) 1. Yg. (V. 209; ©. 42.) Pelew Is. G. L. Se , Esq. [P. ils m. Yg. (V. 216; C. 34). Ugi, Solomon Is. H.M. enguin,’ n-p. 3b (VY. 225 ; C. 45) & New Georgia, Solo- AMS Peon’ a (V. 201, 205 ; C. 45, mon Is, q. 2 (V. 225; C. 32). eck ley Admi- H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ ralty Is. r-s. go (V. 209, 221; C. 36, Anelohan, New J. Macgillivray, Esq. oe ‘Hebrides. oars i g. (V. 197; C. 33). New Hebrides. cNab, Esq. [P.]. aa ee (V. 220: C. 380) & yg. Isle of Pines, New i. Macgillivray, 8q. (V. 206; C. 37). Caledonia. [C.]. “ t, W. 216; C. 37) Fiji Is. J. Macgillivray, Esq. (V. 203; C. 34). (C.]. (O58 C. 33). Kandavu, Fiji Is. | H.MS. ‘Challenger.’ ive 213 ; C. $8), Australia. Capt. Stokes [P.]. a. ae (V. 208 ; ic. 38). Australia. G. Krefft, Esq. Pj. B. & (V. 207; C. 48). New Zealand. Sir G. Grey [P.]. y. Skeleton. 3. Platurus schistorhynchus. Hydrophis colubrina, part., Schleg. Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 92, pl. x. (1838). Platurus schistorhynchus, Giiinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 297, pl. xlv. fig. A; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 395 (1890). Rostral broader than deep; an azygous shield separating the nasals behind the rostral and another between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; temporals small, scale-like,2+3. Scalesin 21 to 23 rows. Ventrals 178-198, on the posterior half of the body with a median keel; subcaudals 32-40. Coloration as in the preceding; 25 to 45 annuli. Reaches the same size as P. colubrinus. Western Tropical Pacific. a-d. Yg. (V. 178, 177, 189, Savage I. Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Types.) 179; C. 38, 40, 32, 87). e 2 (V. 188; C. ” 36). Loo Choo Is, H. Pryer, Esq. [P.]. 4, Platurus muelleri. Platurus, n. sp.?, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, x. 1892, p. 207. Head-shields as in P. laticaudatus. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 229, keeled asin P. schistorhynchus. 62 black annuli, some of which are interrupted on the belly. South Pacific. 310 COLUBRID. Subfam. 8. ELAPINA. Elapide, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510. ant Holochalina, part., J. Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. p. 270, 1881. Najide, Bonaparte, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. p. 898, 1840. . Conocerques, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 514, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1187, 1854. Eurystomata Iobola, part., Stannius, Zoot. Amph. p. 5, 1856. Dendrechides, A. Duméril, Rev. & Mag. Zool. viii. p. 555, 1856. Elapside, Dendraspidide, Giinther, Cat. Col. Sn., 1858. Najide (Najinz, Dendraspidinee), Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, . 842, Elapide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 111, 1863. Elapide, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 337, 1864. Elapida, part., Strauch, Syn. Viper. p. 18, 1869. Elapidee, Najidee, Dendraspididee, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 480, 1886. Elapine, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 382, 1890. Tail cylindrical. Hypapophyses more or less developed throughout the vertebral column. Distributed over Africa, Southern Asia, the Southern parts of North America, Central and South America, and Australia. In the latter Continent they constitute the great majority of the Ophidian fauna and present the greatest variety of forms, Mostly viviparous. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Maxillary bone without posterior process; no isolated anterior mandibular tooth. A. Maxillary bone not extending forwards beyond the palatine ; vertebral scales not enlarged. 1. Poison-fangs followed by 6 or 7 grooved teeth; subcaudals in two rows; eye very small; head not distinct from neck. Maxillary and mandibular teeth gradually decreasing in size; first upper labial bordering the nostril .. 214. Ogmodon, p. 312. Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth abruptly enlarged. 215. Glyphodon, p. 313. 2. Poison-fangs followed by 7 to 15 small grooved teeth ; sub- caudals in two rows; head more or less distinct from neck, No canthus rostralis ; eye small, with vertical pupil; tail moderate or short ....... Go ehar eran y alan ated deus 216. Pseudelaps, p. 315. Canthus rostralis distinct; eye moderate or large, with round pupil; tail moderate or long ............ 217. Diemenia, p. 320. 3. Poison-fangs followed by 1 to 5 small teeth, which may be indistinctly grooved. a. Head more or less distinct from neck. ELAPINA. 311 a. Habit colubriform or elapiform. * Tnternasals distinct; rostral moderate. + Scales not oblique, smooth. t Ventrals rounded. Eye moderate or rather small; canthus rostralis distinct; sub- caudals all or part in two rows .. 218. Pseudechis, p. 327. Eye moderate or small; canthus rostralis feebly marked or absent ; subcaudals single (with one exception). 219. Denisonia, p. 332. Eye very small; subcaudals in two rows, 220. Micropechis, p. 346. t+ Ventrals angulate and notched laterally ; sub- caudals single.. 221. Hoplocephalus, [p. 348. tt Scales not oblique, strongly keeled ; subcaudals single .......... 222. Tropidechis, p. 350. ttt Scales oblique, smooth, laterals shorter than dorsals ; subcaudals single. 223. Notechis, p. 351. ** JTnternasals absent; rostral very large; subcaudals Sd: ee 224, Rhinhoplocephalus, (8. Habit viperiform. [p. 352. Scales smooth ; subcaudals single .. 225. Brachyaspis, p. 353. Scales more or less distinctly keeled ; posterior subcaudals paired ; end of tail compressed, terminating in a long spine. 226. Acanthophis, p. 354. 6. Head not distinct from neck; subcaudals in two rows. Scales not oblique ; tail moderate ; nasal divided. 228. Boulengerina, p. 357. Scales oblique ; tail very short; nasal divided. 229. Elapechis, p. 358. Scales not oblique ; tail very short ; nasal entire. 230. Rhynchelaps, p. 361. 4. No maxillary teeth beyond the poison-fangs ; nasal entire ; subcaudals single ........ 227. Elapognathus, p.356. B. Maxillary bone not extending forwards beyond the palatine ; vertebral scales enlarged .... 251. Bungarus, p. 365. , C. Maxillary bone extending forwards beyond the palatine; vertebral scales not enlarged. 1. Internasal bordering the nostril. a. Poison-fangs followed by one or more small teeth; scales oblique .........-000 232, Naia, p. 372. 312 COLUBRID Z. b. No small maxillary teeth. Scales oblique, strongly keeled ; rostral moderate. 233. Sepedon, p. 388. Scales oblique ; rostral very large, detached on the sides. 234. Aspidelaps, p. 390. Scales not oblique; rostral large .... 235. Walterinnesia, [p. 392. 2. Internasal not bordering the nostril. a, Nasal divided; scales in 18 or 15 rows; one to three small maxillary teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 236. Hemibungarus, [p. 392. b. Nasal divided; scales in 13 rows; no small maxillary teeth. Poison-gland not extending beyond the head. 237. Callophis, p. 396. Poison-gland extending along each side of the anterior third of the body ; heart shifted back to the second third of the body. 238. Doliophis, p. 397. c. Nasal entire; scales in 15 rows: postfrontal bone absent. One or two small maxillary teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 239. Furina, p. 405. No small maxillary teeth .......... 240. Homorelaps, p. 408. d, Nasal divided: scales in 15 rows; postfrontal bone absent ; no small maxillary teeth. 241. Elaps, p. 411. II. Maxillary bone with a strong posterior process, directed back- wards and outwards; a large, fang-like anterior mandibular tooth, followed by a considerable toothless space; no solid maxillary teeth: head narrow; body slender, with the scales disposed very obliquely ........ 242. Dendraspis, p. 434. 214. OGMODON. Ogmodon, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 274. Labionaris, Brocchi, Bull. Soc. Philom. (6) xii. 1876, p. 94. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with 8 grooved teeth gradually decreasing in length; mandibular teeth gradually decreasing in length. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil; nostril pierced between the first upper labial, two small nasals, and the internasal; prefrontal entering the eye; an elongate prxocular, separated from the nasal by the second labial; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. : Fiji Islands. (yee 215. aLYPHODON. 313 1. Ogmodon vitianus. Ogmodon vitianus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1864, p. 275, pl. —. fig. 4, and 1880, p. 228. Labionaris filholii, Broccht, Butt. Soc. Philom. (6) xii. 1876, p. 94. Snout elongate, pointed, projecting. Rostral deeper than broad, visible from above; internasals small, about one third the length of the prefrontals; frontal twice as broad as the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; preocular at least twice. as long as deep (in one specimen fused with the third labial); one postocular; six upper labials, second in contact with the prefrontal, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth very large and in contact with the parietal ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 139- 152; anal divided; subcaudals 27-38. Dark brown or blackish above, lighter brown on the sides ;. young with a yellow blotch on the parietal shields ; belly brown or white, more or less spotted with black ; tail black. Total length 460 millim.; tail 45. Fiji Islands. a-b. 3 (V. 152; C. 38) Viti Levu. Dr. J. G. Fischer. & yg. (V. 1389; C. 38). ec. 9 (V. 146; C. 33). Fiji Islands. Christiania Museum. d. 9 (V. 140; C. 35). Fiji Islands. Museum Godeffroy. e. d (V. 141; C. 35). Fiji Islands. Dr, Giinther [P.]. f. 2 skeleton. Viti Levu. 215. GLYPHODON. Glyphodon, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 210 (1858). Brachysoma, part., Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 48 (1869). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs, followed, after a wide interspace, by 6 small grooved teeth ; mandibular teeth feebly grooved, anterior strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril pierced between two nasals; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. ° New Guinea and North Australia. _ In this genus the pre- and postfrontals meet, excluding the frontal from the orbital periphery, as in the Sea-snakes of the genera Distira and Enhydris, which are likewise distinguished by feeble grooves on all the maxillary tecth. 314 COLUBRIDZ. Fig. 22. Skull of Glyphodon tristis, 1. Glyphodon tristis. (Prarn XVIII. fig. 1.) Glyphodon tristis, Giinmth. Cat. p. 211 (1858). Brachysoma triste, Giinth. Ann. & May. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 24; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p.50 (1869) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p.118; Douglas-Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i. 1890, p. 97. Snout rounded. Eye very small, about half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fifth to once and a half as long as broad, at least: twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, three fifths to two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal widely separated from the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, second or second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in17rows. Ventrals 165-179; anal divided ; 216. PsEUDELAPS. 315 subcaudals 38-52, all in pairs or a few of the anterior single. Dark brown or blackish above, the scales edged with lighter ; occiput and nape often yellowish or pale reddish brown ; belly yellow, outer ends of the ventrals dark brown; subcaudals dark brown in front, yellow behind. Total length 900 millim.; tail 125. North-eastern Australia and South-eastern New Guinea. a. & (V.179; C. 48). N.E. Australia. J. Macgillivray, Esq. C.). (Type.) &. S (V.175; C. 52). NE. Australia. G, Geta ie. [P.]. ec. Her. (V. 165; C. 42). Torres Straits, Rev. 8. Macfarlane [C.]. d. 2 (V. 166; C. 41), en I, Torres Rev. S. Mactarlane|C.]. traits, e-t. 5 (V.172,172,170, Murray I., Torres Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. 169, 169; C. 46, 48, — Straits. 47, 45, 46). k. 3 (V.170; C. 47). ae I, Torres Prof. A.C. Haddon [P.]. traits. i-m. 9 (V. 169,-171; S.E. New Guinea. Rev. 8. Macfarlane (C.]. C. 40, 38). n-o. & (V. 174; 0.46) Fly River. Rev. 8. Macfarlane (C.]. - &hgr. (V. 168; C.48). p. Skull of g. 216. PSEUDELAPS. Elaps, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 485 (1837). Pseudelaps, part., Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 517, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1231 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 115 (1863). Furina, part., Dum. & Bibr. Ul. cc. pp. 517, 1236. Glyphodon, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 210 (1858). Diemansia, part., Giinth. 1. c. p. 211. Brachysoma, part., Giinth. lc. p. 228; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 48 (1869). Cacophis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 361; Krefft, le. p. 73. Petrodymon, Krefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 55 (1865), and 1. ev. p. 72. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed, after a wide interspace, by 8 to12 small grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, Fig. 23. Left maxillo-palatal bones of Pseudelaps muellert. epg. Ectopterygoid. m. Maxillary. Pg. Pterygoid. p/. Palatine. with vertically elliptic pupil; nasal single or divided; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate orshort; subcaudals in two rows. Australia, Moluccas, Papuasia. 316, COLUBRID. The maxillary develops an inner backward process, which reaches or nearly reaches the ectopterygoid and the posterior portion of the maxillary, the two bones together being loop-shaped in front. The prefrontal is narrowly separated from the post- frontal. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 15 rows. A. Nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular. 1. Nasal divided. Temporals 2+2; ventrals 139-176 ; subcaudals 21-35 .............04. 1. muellert, p. 316. Temporals 1+2; ventrals 170-183; subcaudals 34-52 2.6... ce eee eee 2. squamulosus, p. 317. 2. Nasal entire; temporals 14+2; subcaudals 26-38. Ventrals 146-156 ...... 0... cc cee ee 3. krefftii, p. 317. Ventrals 167-172 1.00.00... cece eee 4. fordit, p. 318. Ventrals 176-193 ..............002. 5. harrietta, p. 318. B. Nasal widely separated from the preocular; temporals 2+2. | Third and fourth upper labials entering the eye; ventrals 164-203 ........ 6. diadema, p. 319. Fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye; ventrals 143 ............ 7. warro, p. 320. II. Scales in 17 rowS ...... cece eens 8. sutherlandi, p. 320. 1. Pseudelaps muelleri. Elaps muelleri, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 452, pl. xvi. figs. 16 & 17 (1837); Schleg. §& Mill. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Nederl. Ind., Zool. p. 66, pl. ix. figs. 1 & 2 (1844). Pseudelaps muelleri, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1233 (1854). Demansia muelleri, Giinth. Cat. p. 213 (1858). Diemenia muelleri, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 34; Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 408; Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 121 (1894); Méhely, Term. Fiizet. xviii. 1895, p. 185. —— schlegelii, Giinth. 1. c. p. 35; Peters & Doria, 1. c. Trimeresurus ikaheka, juv., Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1878, p. 44 Eye as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the meuth (larger in the young). Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior, Scalesin15 rows. Ventrals 139-176; anal divided ; sub- 216, PsEUDELAPS, 317 caudals 21-35. Brown above; a light vertebral line sometimes present on the anterior part of the body ; head sometimes spotted or variegated with dark brown; a more or less distinct dark, light- edged streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, sometimes continued along the neck; a dark brown nuchal collar may be present in the young ; belly yellowish or coral-red, uniform or more or less profusely spotted or speckled with brown or black ; gular region brown or black. Total length 500 millim. ; tail 70. Moluccas, New Guinea, New Britain, a. Q (V.173; C. 33). N. Ceram. b,c. 2 (V. 149, 155; Mysol. (Types of D. schlegelii.) C, 24, 21). d-e,f. 5 (V. 150; C. Mansinam, New Guinea. M. L. Laglaize [C.].: 29) & 2 (V. 169, 151; C. 29, 25). g-t. 6 (V.189; C.31), Trobriand Is., E. New Mr. A. S. Meek [C.]. @ (V. 152 ; C.30), & Guinea, yg. (V.145; C. 28). k-n. 9 (V. 150, 156, Fergusson I., E. New Mr. A. S. Meek [C.]. 154, 152 ; C. 35, 34, Guinea. 33, 30). O. Her. (V. 160 ;C. 32). Duke of York I. Rev. G. Brown [C.]. p. Yg. (V.160; C. 31). New Britain. Museum Godeffroy, q. Skull of g. 2. Pseudelaps squamulosus. Pseudelaps squamulosus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1235 (1854) *. Diemansia cucullata, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 129, & xi. 1863, p. 24. Petrodymon cucullatum, Krefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 55 (1865), and Sn. Austral. p.72, pl. vi. tig. 10 (1869). Pseudelaps atropolios, Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. v. fig. 1 (1873). Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth very large ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ven- trals 170-183; anal divided; subcaudals 34-52. Dark brown above, with a yellowish streak round the snout and through the eyes to the nape, where ib widens and approaches its fellow ; lower parts whitish, closely spotted with black, the spots sometimes confluent into transverse lines, one to each shield. Total length 375 millim. ; tail 55. New South Wales. * Dr. Mocquard has kindly supplied me with notes on the type specimen, 318 COLUBRIDZ. a. Hgr. (V. 176 ;C. 47). Near Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. (Type of D. cuculiata. ) b,c. & (V.178; C. 52) Port Macquarie. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V.183; C.34). 3. Pseudelaps krefftii. Cacophis krefftii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 361; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 74, pl. xi. fig. 5 (1869). Eye as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than prefrontals: frontal once and one fourth as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single praocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 146-156; anal divided ; subcaudals 26-38. Dark brown or blackish above, each scale with a light longitudinal line; a yellowish cross-band on the occiput, connected with the yellowish colour of the sides of the head and end of snout; lateral head-shields spotted and streaked with dark brown; ventrals whitish, edged with black, at least on the sides ; subcaudals whitish, with a black longitudinal streak running between them. Total length 255 millim.; tail 33. Queensland. a. Yg.(V. 146; C.38). North of the Clarence R. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. Type. b. Hgr. (V.151; C. 26). Northofthe Clarence R. G. Krettt, Esq. [P.1. 4, Pseudelaps fordii. Cacophis fordei, Kreft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 318, fig., and Sn. Austral. p. 75, pl. xii. fig. 8 (1869). Appears to agree in almost every respect with P. krefftic and P. harriette, but the ventrals number 167-172 and are yellow, with a dark edge. Ipswich, Queensland. 5. Pseudelaps harriettz. Cacophis harriette, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 319, fig., and Sn. Austral. p. 76, pl. xi. fig. 13 (1869). Eye hardly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with or narrowly separated from the single preovular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as 216. PsnuDELAPs. 319 long as the posterior. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 176-193; anal divided ; subcaudals 29-35. Dark brown above, each scale with a light longitudinal line; a large yellowish blotch on the nape, connected with the yellowish colour of the sides of the head and end of snout; lateral head-shields spotted and streaked with dark brown; ventrals and subcaudals brown or blackish, edged with whitish. Total length 415 millim. ; tail 45. Queensland. a-b. 2 (V.178; C. 29) Gayndah. Museum Godeffroy & yg. (V.176; C. 34), 6. Pseudelaps diadema. Calamaria diadema, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 32 (1887). Elaps ornatus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 55 (1842). Furia diadema, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1239 (1854); Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 124. Rabdion_occipitale, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 181, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 120 (1858). Glyphodon ornatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 210 (1858). Pseudelaps diadema, Jan, Elenco, p. 116 (1863), and Icon. Gen. 48, pl. v. fig. 4 (1873). Brachysoma diadema, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1868, p. 23; Krefft, Sn. Austr. p. 48, pl. xii. tig. 12 (1869). Cacophis blackmanni, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 320, fig., and 1. ¢. p. 77, pl. xii. fig. 9. eee ue simula, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1878, p. 221. Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral not quite twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fifth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, widely separated from the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials, sometimes reaching the lip and forming an additional labial; six (or seven) upper labials, second or second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 164-203; anal divided; subcaudals 40-62. Pale brown or reddish above, each scale edged with dark brown, forming a reticulate pattern, or uniform dark brown; head and nape dark brown or black above, with a yellow cross-hand on the occiput or a transversely oval yellow blotch surrounded with dark brown; lower parts uniform white. Total length 600 millim.; tail 8C. Eastern, Northern, and Westeru Australia. a. 3 (V.169; C. 62). W. Australia. W. Buchanan, Esq, (Type of £. ornatus.) b. Yg.(V. 177; C. 53). N. Australia. Dr. J. R. Elsey [P.). 320 COLUBRID, e-d. 6 (V.174; 0.54) NE. Australia. & yg. (V. 164; C, 50 ad (Vv. 168; 0.47). Queensland. F. Yg.(V. 175; 0.44). Parramatta, N.S.Wales. A. Py Butler, Esq. g- & (V. 166; ©. ?). New South Wales. Hg aera eons h,i,k. 3 (V.168; C. New South Wales (?). G. Kreftt, Esq. [P.]. 43), 2 (V.179; C. 41), & yg. (V. 168; C, 42 1. 2 (V.191; C. 43). Australia. ait i Richardson Ps); m,n. 2 (V. 203,193; Australia. Haslar Collection. C. 40, 45), 7. Pseudelaps warro. Cacophis warro, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl, i, 1884, p. 189. Rostral broad and low; frontal broad, acute-angled behind ; nasal single, short, widely separated from the preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth in contact with the prefrontal, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 148; anal divided ; subcaudals 15(?). Brown, many of the scales irregularly edged with darker; a very broad lunate blackish collar on the nape; upper surface of head, except the tips of the parietal shields, dark, but paler than the nuchal collar. Port Curtis, Queensland. 8. Pseudelaps sutherlandi. Brachysoma sutherlandi, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensi. i. 1884, p. 139. Rostral broad; frontal acute-angled behind; nasal single, in contact with the preocular; a single anterior temporal; six upper labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 160; anal divided; sub- caudals 40. Red-brown above, yellow beneath ; a broad lunate blackish nuchal collar, edged with lighter; faint bars across the head, body, and tail. Norman River, Queensland. 217. DIEMENTA. Elaps, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 435 (1837), Demansia, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 54 (1842). Pseudelaps, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sct. xxiii. 1853, p. 517, rae ar Gén, vii. p. 1281 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 115 (1863). Furina, part., Dum. § Bibr. Ul. ce. pp. 517, 1286. Demansia, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 211 (1858). Pseudonaja, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 227. Diemansia, Giinth. 1. c. p. 264, Diemenia, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii, 1863, p. 850; Krefft, Sn, Austral. p. 38 (1869), 217. DIRMENTA, 821 ? Elapocephalus (non Giinth.), Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1878, p. 221. ae a Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ix. 1884, p. . Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed, after an interspace, by 7 to 15 small grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head slightly distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye moderate or large, with round pupil; nasal entire or divided; frontal elongate; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 to 19 rows (more on the neck); belly rounded. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals all or most in two rows, Australia and New Guinea. Fig. 24, = Maxillary and mandible of Diemenia psammophis. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 15 rows ; rostral just visible from above, A. Anal divided. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; inter- nasals at least half as long as the prefrontals ........ cece eee eee 1. psammophis, p. 322. Rostral a little broader than deep ; inter- nasals more than half as long as the prefrontals........... Gist tote Rostral considerably broader than deep ; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals .......... Ace B. Anal entire ..........005 sees 4. ornaticeps, p. 824, II. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; ventrals 154-165...... 5. modesta, p. 324. ‘Portion of rostral visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; ventrals 190-232... .. ccc ee cece ee rete ees 6. teatilis, p. 325, Portion of rostral visible from above as as long as its distance from the frontal ; ventrals 184-224 ..,......5.05- .. 7 nuchalis, p. 326, VOL. III. XY 2. torquata, p. 323. 3. olivacea, p. 323. 322 COLUBRID. 1. Diemenia psammophis. Elaps psammophis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 455 (1887), and Abbild. p. 187, pl. xlvi. fig. 14 (1844). Lycodon reticulatus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 54 (1842). Demansia reticulata, Gray, 1. ¢.; Gtinth. Cat. p. 212 (1858). Pseudelaps psammophidius, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1284 (1854). Demansia psammophis, Grinth. 1. ¢. Pseudelaps psammophis, Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 178 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1878).. ‘ Diemenia psammophis, Arefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 42 (1865); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 80 (1867); Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 3, and Sn. Austral. p. 88 (1869). —— reticulata, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 40, pl. xii. fig. 10. : papuensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 40. Eye large. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two (rarely three) post- oculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows (17 to 20 on the neck).+ Ventrals 170-225; anal divided ; subeaudals 69-105. Coloration very variable; lower surface of tail, at the end, yellow or orange; young with a dark line across the rostral, gradually disappearing with age, and two oblique dark- edged yellow streaks, one in front, the other behind the eye. Total length 1420 millim. ; tail 340. .South-eastern New Guinea and Australia. A. Olive-brown above, the scales narrowly edged or tipped with black; belly greyish or pale olive, darker along the median line. (D. psammophis, Schleg.) P a. 9 (V. 176; C. 72). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. b. 2 (V. 176; C. 74). ? B. Olive or reddish brown to blackish above, the scales narrowly edged or tipped with black, some with light outer edge; ventrals olive or dark plumbeous-grey, darker along the margins. (D. psammophis, Gthr.; D. papuensis, Macl.) a-b. 3 (V.178; C.78)& Fly R., Brit. New Rev. S. Macfarlane © (V. 178; C.?). Guinea. [C.]. ce. d (V.178; C. 81). Port Moresby, Brit. Rev. W. G. Turner ([C.]. New Guinea. d, & (V.175; C. 79). Somerset, Cape ELMS. ‘ Challenger.’ York. e, f. & (V. 179, 210; Port Essington. Lord Derby [P.]. ©. 78, 105). g. & (V.193; C. 85). Daly River. Dr. Dahl [C.]; Christiania Mus. [E.]. h. Skull of a, ra 217. DIEMENTA. 323 C. Pale olive above, each scale edged with black, the black forming areticulate pattern ; uniform yellowish white beneath. (D. retic- ulata, Gray.) a, b-c, d-e. f (V. 181, Australia. (Types of D. reticulata.) 176; C. 78, 72) & 9 (V. 188, 180, 189; C. 71, 70, 70,. f. @ (V. 186; C. 72). N.W. Australia. gd (V.177; C, 75). W. Australia. h. & (V. 188; C. 69). Swan River. 2. Diemenia torquata. Demansia torquata, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 180, pl. ix. fig. 10. Diemenia torquata, Krefft, Sn. Austral, p. 43, pl. xii. fig. 11 (1869). Eye large. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals three fifths to two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 191-203; anal divided ; subeaudals 75-81. Olive above, most of the scales black at the base; head dark olive or black above, the sides of the snout and the postoculars yellowish white; a black streak from eye to eye across the rostral; a black streak from below the eye to the commissure of the mouth; labials black-edged; a black or dark olive band, edged with yellow, across the nape; lower surface of head variegated with black; belly olive or plumbeous, with a darker median streak ; end of tail orange. Total length 580 millim.; tail 145. N.E. Australia. a. 2 (V. 203; C. 81). Percy Id. F. M. Rayner, Esq. [P.]. (Type-) b. Ye. (V. 196; C. 75). Rockhampton. . Yg. (V.191; C.76). Queensland. Dr. Coppinger [C.]; Se a HMA. ‘Alert’ 3. Diemenia olivacea. (Pirate XVIII. fig. 2.) Lycodon olivaceus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 54 (1842). Demansia olivacea, Giinth. Cat. p. 212 (1858). . Diemenia olivacea, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 39, pl. vi. fig. 9 (1869) ; Peters & Doria, Ann: Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 408. ? Diemenia atra, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ix. 1884, p. 549. Diemenia angusticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) iii. 1888, p. 417. Bye large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; x2 324 COLUBRIDZ. internasals not more than half the length of the prefrontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials, and sometimes reaching the lip; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 162-215; anal divided ; subcaudals 79-99. Olive, reddish brown, or dark brown above, most of the scales black at the base, some with light edges ; snout and sides of the head speckled or vermiculated with dark brown, and with an oblique dark streak below the eye to beyond the commissure of the jaws; these markings disappearing in full- grown specimens ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or speckled with olive, throat and anterior ventrals spotted with blackish in the young; tail yellow or reddish. Total length 1010 millim. ; tail 240. Northern Australia and New Guinea. a, b. & (V. 163, 174; N.E. Australia, Sir J. Richardson [P.]. C. 95, 86). : (Types.) e-d. § (V. 175; C. 97) Port Darwin. Rk. G. 8. Buckland, Esq. & Q (V. 215; ©. 99). [C.}. e. Yg. (V. 162; C.79). Australia. Diemenia atra of Macleay is probably founded on a melanotic specimen of this species. 4. Diemenia? ornaticeps. Elapocephalus ornaticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ii, 1878, p. 221. Elapocranium ornaticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ix. 1884, p. 560. Eye large. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 187; anal entire; subcaudals 90. Pale slate-colour above, each scale tipped with red ; head brown, each shield beautifully marked with variously shaped white-margined black patches ; an orange collar on the nape; slaty white beneath, head and neck barred and spotted with black; end of tail yellow. Total length 255 millim.; tail 65. Port Darwin, Northern Australia. 5. Diemenia modesta. Cacophis modesta, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 35, pl. ili. fig. C. Furina ramsayi, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. x. 1885, p. 61. _Eye moderate. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the pre- 217. DIEMENIA. 325 frontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; one or two postoculars; temporals 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Seales in 17 rows (19 or 20 on the neck). Ventrals 154-165; anal divided; subcaudals 38-51 pairs. Pale olive above, with or without a few widely separated blackish cross-lines; young with a black band across the head and another across the nape, separated by a yellow band, and a yellow blotch in front of the eye; these markings becoming indistinct with age; yellowish white beneath, with or without small dark spots. Total length 435 millim. ; tail 80. Western Australia. a. aig od (V. 154; Perth. Mr. Duboulay [C.]. *) - 48). é. Get 3 (V. 157; W. Australia. Dr. Giinther [P.]. ce. Hgr. 9 (V. 165; N.W. Australia, C. 42). d. Yg.(V.156; C.?). N.W. Australia. Capt. Beckett [P.]. ef. bd (V.158, 156; -Geraldton, W. Mr. E. H. Saunders [C.]. C. 51, 50). Australia. 6. Diemenia textilis. Furina textilis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1242 (1854); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 79 (1867). Pseudoelaps superciliosus, Fischer, Abh. Naturw, Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 107, pl. ii. fig. 3; Jan, Rev. & May. Zool. 1859, p. 511, and Leon. Gén. 43, pl. iv. tig. 1 (1873). Demansia annulata, Giinth. Cat. p. 213 (1858), and Ann, §& Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 24. Pseudoelaps sordellii, Jan, Rev. §& May. Zool. 1859, p. 127, and Prodr. pl. C (1859). —— kubingii, Jan, Ul. ce. Pseudonaja textilis, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 149. Diemansia kubingii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 53. Diemenia superciliosa, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 17, fig., and Zool. Rec. 1867, p. 142; Krefft, Sn. Austral. pp. 41 & 41, pl. vii. & pl. xi. fig. 10 (1869) ; McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 3, p. 11, pl. xxiii. fig. 1 (1879) ; Zretz, Trans. R. Soc. S. Austral. x. 1888, p- 800; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1889, p. 696. Diemansia (Pseudelaps) superciliosa, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1863, . 284, - Giaphie guentherii, Steind. 1. c. p. 91, fig. _ Pseudoelaps beckeri, Jan, Icon. Gen. 48, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1878). —— textilis, Jan, 1. c. pl. v. fig. 5. x Furina cucullata, McCoy, op. cit., Dec. 4, p. 18, pl. xxxii. (1879). Eye moderate, rather large in the young. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal not broader than the (Types.) 326 , COLUBRIDE. supraocular, once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire (rarely divided), in contact with the single preocular ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Seales in 17 rows (20 to 23 on the neck). Ventrals 190-282 ; anal divided; subcaudals 46-73, all or most in pairs. Adult uniform pale brown or dark olive-brown above, whitish or olive beneath ; young with a black blotch on the crown, separated from a large black blotch on the nape by an orange cross-band ; belly. spotted with brown or black. Total length 1700 millim.; tail 290. Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Victoria. A. No cross-bars on the body. a. & (V. 215; C. 69). New South Wales. Imperial Institute [P.]- b. Her. (V. 220; 0.67). New South Weles. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. c. Her. (V. 207; C. 67). Sydney. ° G. Krefit, Esq. cr d. Her. (V. 202; C. 64). Sandhurst, Victoria. Col. Beddome [C.]. e. Ye. (V. 202; C. 66). Adelaide. G. Krefft, Esq. Fa f. Ye. (V. 197; ©. 67). Adelaide. Prof. Peters [P.1. g. Yg. (V. 218; C.52), Adelaide. Rev. T. 8. Lea [P.]. h. @ (¥. 218; C. 68). Norfolk Id. Sir A. Smith [P.]. B. Body with black cross-bars. a-b. Yg. (V. 200, 194; New South Wales. Imperial Institute [P.]. C. 66, 61). ec. Ye. (V.195; C. 60). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. d. Ye. (V. 194; C. 68). Sydney. Dr. Corrie [P.]. e. Yg. (V.193; C.71). Australia. R. W. Willan, Esq. [P.]. (Type of D. annulata.) f. Yg. (V.191; ©. 64). Australia. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 7. Diemenia nuchalis. Pseudonaja nuchalis, Giinth. Cat, p. 227 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1863, p. 17, fig.; MeCoy, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 182; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 44, pl. xii. fig. 13 (1869) ; Macleay, Proc. av ren aS W. ii. 1878, p. 219; De Vis, Proce. R. Soc. Queensl. i. . 58, ' affinis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix.1872, p. 85, pl.iv. fig. C. Diemenia aspidorhyncha, McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 3, p. 18, pl. xxiii. fig. 4 (1879). Eye moderate. Rostral deeper than broad, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds to three fourths the length of the parietals; nasal entire or semidivided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; ‘temporals 14+2; ‘six upper labials, third and fourth entering the 218, PSEUDECHIS. 327 eye, sixth very large. Scales in 17 or 19 rows (20 to 23 on the neck), Ventrals 184-224; anal divided ; subcaudals 55-65 pairs. Adult uniform brown above, or blackish with pale brown cross- bands, yellowish beneath, uniform, or with small red spots; young with a dark brown blotch covering the crown and followed by another on the nape, and small brown spots on the belly. Total length 1400 millim.; tail 200. Australia. A. Body with cross-bands. a. 3, skin (Sc.17; V. 202; Port Essington, Lord Derby [P.]. C. 63). (Type.) b. Yg. (Se. 17; V. 220; N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. C. 65). (Type.) . B. No cross-bands on the body. a 3 (Se. 17; V. 184; N.W. Australia: © °‘R: Bynoe, Esq. [C.]; 23 C. 59). Sir J. Richardson [P.]. (Type.) 6. 2 (Se. 17; V. 223; C. Geraldton; W.-- -- - Mr. E.H. Saunders [C. ]. _ 61), Australia. ca cae 19; V. 224; Swan River. Dr. Giinther [P.]. d. 9 (Sc. 19; V. 216; Australia. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.] C. 63). (Type of P. affinis.) ; 218. PSEUDECHIS. Trimeresurus,-part., Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, p. 209; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1244 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 118 (1863). Hurria, part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Herp. p. 92 (1820). Pseudechis, Wagl. Syst. Amph.-p. 171-(1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 217 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 45 (1869). Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837). “Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by 2 to 5 small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck, with distinct cauthus rostralis ; eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals: no loreal. Body cylindrical ; seales smooth, without pits, in 17 to 23 rows (more on the neck) ; belly rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows or partly single, partly in two rows. Australia and New Guinea. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anal divided ; anterior subcaudals single (exceptionally divided) ; " seales in 17 to 21 rows on the body. A. Scales in 17 rows on the body. 1. Frontal longer than broad. Frontal once and one fourth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as 328 COLUBRIDZ. long as its distance from the rostral ; latter shield scarcely broader than deep; ventrals 180-200; sub- caudals 50-60 ............ eee 1. porphyriacus, p. 328. Frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; rostral scarcely broader than deep; ventrals 199- 210 ; subcaudals 57-72.......... 2. cupreus, p. 329, Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral; latter shield considerably broader than deep; ventrals 199-220; sub- caudals 57-70 ........... sees. 3, australis, p. 330. 2. Frontal quite as broad as long; ventrals 212; subcaudals 54-64 ....... seseeeee. 4. darwiniensis, p. 330. B. Scales in 19 or 21 rows on the body ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; rostral considerably broader than deep ; ventrals 221-224 ; subcaudals 49-55.. 5. papuanus, p. 33]. II. Anal entire; subcaudals all in pairs; scales in 23 rows on the body ; ventrals 230-237 ; subcaudals 61-78. Frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout .............. 6. scutellatus, p. 331. Frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral.......... seeeeeeees 7. microlepidotus, p. 332. III. Anal divided; subcaudals all in pairs; scales in 23 rows on the body; ventrals 235 ; subcaudals 60. 8. ferow, p. 332. 1. Pseudechis porphyriacus. Coluber porphyriacus, Shaw, Zool. N. Holl. p. 27, pl. x. (1794), and Zool, iti. p. 423, pl. ex. (1802). Trimeresurus leptocephalus, Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, pp. 196 & 209, pl. lvi. fig. 1. Coluber (Hurria) porphyreus, Merr. Tent. p. 92 (1820). Duberria Ve ae Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 56 (1826). Aetaar is tortor, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. ii. p. 55, Rept. pl. vi. ( ; ae cr alas Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 479, pl. xvii. figs. 6 & 7 Trimeresurus porphyricus, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. p. 15, pl. xxiv. fig. | (1844) pay: y y frept. p. 10, p 218. psEUDECHIS. 329 Naja porphyrea, Schleg. Abbid. p. 189, pl. xlviii. figs. 11-18 (1844). Trimeresurus porphyreus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1247 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén, 44, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1873). Pseudechis porphyriacus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 218 (1858). —— porphyriacus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 362 ; Krefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 46 (1865) ; Guinth. Zool. Rec. 1865, p. 156 ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 46, pl. vili. (1869); McCoy, Prodr. Zool. ec 1, p. 5, pl. i. (1878), and Dec. 15, p. 159, pl. clxii. fig. 2 ( : Eye rather small, its diameter nearly equalling its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the prefrontals; frontal rather small, not broader than the supraocular, once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, three fifths to two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3, first lower very large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labial ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (18 to 21 on the neck). Ventrals 180-200; anal divided; subcaudals 50-60, first 5 to 20 entire, rest in pairs (exceptionally all divided). Black above; outer row of scales red at the base; ventrals red, edged with black. Total length 1580 millim. ; tail 210. Eastern, Western, and Southern Australia. a. § (V. 190; C. 55). New South Wales. Imperial Institute [P.]. b. & (V. 189; C. 56), New South Wales. Christiania Museum. e. @ (V.181; C.?). Australia, Capt. Stokes [P.]. d. 3 (V. 191; C. 59). Australia. J. B. Jukes, Hsq. [P.]. e. 2 (V. 187; C.?). Australia, College of Surgeons, fh, i. Q (V. 184,187; Australia, C. 56, 53) & her. (V. 180, 1885; ©. 68, 5 k. Skull. Australia. 2. Pseudechis cupreus. Pseudechis australis (non Gray), Krefft, Vert. Low. Murray, p. 32 (1865) ; MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 15, p. 159, pl. cxlii. (1887). — australis, part., Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 3, and Sn. Austral, p. 47 (1869). Intermediate between P. porphyriacus and P. australis, Rostral slightly broader than deep; internasals half as long as the pra- frontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the 330 _ COLUBRID, single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth, sixth largest; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows (25 on the neck). Ventrals 199- 210; anal divided; subcaudals 57-72, 11 to 34 anterior entire, rest in pairs. Reddish or coppery brown above, brownish white or orange below, all the scales and shields edged with brown. Total length 1830 millim. ; tail 300. Murray River. 3. Pseudechis australis. Naja australis, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 55 (1842). Pseudechis porphyriacus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 218 (1858). australis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 362. australis, part., Krefft, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1868, p. 3, and Sn. Austral. p. 4h, pl. vi. fig. 11 (1869). Eye rather small, its diameter nearly equalling its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal small, not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth aud sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 or 20 on the neck). Ventrals 199-220; anal divided; subcaudals 57-70, 26 to 41 anterior single, rest in pairs. Uniform pale brown above, yellowish beneath. tose Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 170. ‘ Northern Australia, a. Q (V. 206; C. 65). N.E. Australia. (Type.) 6. Hgr. 2 (V. P; C. Victoria R., N. Dr. Dahl [C.]: Chris- 60 Australia. tiania Museum * [E.]. ). c. S (V. 220; C. 70). 4, Pseudechis darwiniensis. Pseudechis darwiniensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn Soc. N.S.W. ii. 1878, p. 220, & (2) iii. 1888, p. 416. Of more elongate form than P. porphyriacus. Head-shields much the same as in that species, but frontal quite as broad: as long and much wider than the supraocular. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals * A second specimen, 825 millim. long, was obtained by Dr. Dahl on the ‘Daly River, and is preserved in the Christiania Museum. Its a female, with ‘205 ventrals and 59 subcaudals, 37 of which are single. | i Ba 218. PsEUDECHIS. 331 212; subcaudals 54-64. (84-49 single and 15-30 pairs). Upper surface of head pale brown, of body and tail reddish brown, the middle of each scale being of a lighter colour than the apex ; lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 140. Port Darwin, Northern Australia. 5. Pseudechis papuanus. Pseudechis papuanus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 409 Eye small, its diameter less than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third its distance from the frontal; internasals two thirds the length of the preefrontals; frontal small, as broad as the supra- ocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, half as long as the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior very large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows (26 or 27 on the neck). Ventrals 221-224; anal divided ; subcaudals 49-55 (26-27. single and 23-28 pairs). Uniform blackish, chin whitish. Total length 1900 millim. ; tail 21. South-eastern New Guinea. a, Head and neck of adult. Port Moresby. Rev. W. G. Turner [C.]. 6. Pseudechis scutellatus. Pseudechis scutellatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 710. Eye moderate, its diameter exceeding its distance from the mouth. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as the supraocular, twice as long as broad; as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the préocular, which is single or divided ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3, first lower wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 28 rows (25 to 30 on the neck), Ventrals 230-233 ; analentire; subcaudals 61-78 pairs. Pale-brown or blackish brown above ; snout and sides of head paler brown or yellowish; belly yellowish, with very in- distinct small dark spots in the young. 332 COLUBRID. Total length 1070 millim.; tail 240. The type measures 2230 millim. South-eastern New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Australia *, a-b. 2(V. 233, 280; C. 63,61). Fly River. Rev. S, Macfarlane [C.}. 7. Pseudechis microlepidotus. Diemenia microlepidota, MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 3, p. 12, pl. xxiii. figs. 2 & 3 (1879). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals, not in contact with the preeocular ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single pre- ocular ; two postoculars ; six upper labials, third and fourth enter- ing the eye. 30 to 36 scales across the neck, 23 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 282-237; anal entire; subcaudals 61-66 pairs. Dark brown above, yellowish grey below, the ventral shields edged and blotched with dark grey ; head sometimes blackish. Total length 1850 millim ; tail 250. Northern Victoria. 8. Pseudechis ferox. Diemenia ferox, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vi. 1881, p. 812. Snout very broadly rounded. Rostral broad and low; internasals very much smaller than the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, broader than the supraccular ; one preocular, deeply grooved ; two postoculars ; second upper labial touching the prefrontal; last upper labial very large. Scales in 23 rows on the body. Ventrals 235; anal divided; subcaudals 60 pairs. Glossy black above, yellowish white beneath. Total length 2030 millim. ; tail 300. Fort Bourke, New South Wales. -{.219, DENISONIA. Elaps, part., Schl. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 485 (1887). Alecto (non Wagli.) part., Dum. & Bir. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1249 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 116 (1863). Hoplocephalus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 218 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 53 (1869). Denisonia, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 821, and I. ¢. p. 82. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by 8 to 5 small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head more or less distinct from neck; eye moderate or small, with round or vertically elliptic pupil; * T have examined a young specimen (V. 230; C. 78) from Mt. Showbridge, N. Australia, collected by Dr. Dahl for the Christiania Museum. 219. pENISONIA, 333 nasal entire or divided ; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 to 19 rows; belly rounded. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals single (in one species in two rows). Australia, Tasmania, Solomon Islands. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anal entire; frontal not much broader than the supraocular, once and a half to twice and two thirds as long as broad; pupil round. A. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; nasal in contact with the praocular. 1. Ventrals 136-160; subcaudals 38-57; scales in 15 (ex- ceptionally 17) rows. Frontal once and three fourths to twice as long as broad; ventrals 145-160 .. 1. superba, p. 335. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad; ventrals 138-151; a black nuchal collar ..............0- 2. coronata, p. 335. Frontal twice to thrice as long as broad; scales striated ; ventrals 136-151 .... 3. coronoides, p. 336. 2. Ventrals 118; scales in 17 rows. 4. muelleri, p. 337. B. Scales in 19 rows; nasal not reaching the preocular ; ventrals 167; subcaudals 35 .......... 5. frenata, p. 338. II. Anal divided ; frontal much longer than broad; pupil round. A. Scales in 15 rows; nasal not reaching the preocular ; ventrals 164; subcaudals 51............ 6. ramsayi, p. 338. B. Scales in 17 rows; nasal in contact with the preocular. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad ; ventrals 153-170 ; sub- caudals 41-56 1.0... .. cece eee eee 7. signata, p. 338, Frontal once and a half as long as broad ; ventrals 147-168 ; subcaudals 33-45.. 8. demelii, p. 339, III. Anal entire; frontal much broader than the supraocular, once and one fifth to once and three fourths as long as broad ; pupil often vertically elliptic or subelliptic. A. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 154-164; subcaudals 25-30. Nasal in contact with the preocular .... 9. suta, p. 339. Nasal not reaching the preocular ...... 10. frontalis, p. 340. B. Seales in 17 rows; ventrals 121-138; subcaudals 20-30. Anterior chin-shields as long as the pos- COMON. vie secs. ceed oe SEE a aS 11. flagellum, p. 340." Anterior chin-shields shorter than the POSLETIOT 6... cece cece cere e eee nee 12. maculata, p. 341. 334 COLUBRIDZ. * C. Scales in 15 rows. 1. Frontal once and three fourths as long as broad; ventrals 160; subcaudals 25 ..... «++ 13, punetata, p. 341, 2. Frontal not more than once and a half as long as broad. a. Eye at least as long as its distance from the mouth, a. Nasal in contact with the preocular. Ventrals 140-170 ; subcaudals 22-33 .. 14. gouldii, p. 342. Ventrals 170-200 ; subeaudals 30-46 ., 15. nigrescens, p. 343. Ventrals 180-184; subcaudals 50-64 .. 16. nigrostriata, p. 343. 3. Second labial in contact with the prefrontal; ventrals 166-183 ; subcaudals 31-43. 17. carpentarie, p. 344. b. Eye hardly as long as its distance from the mouth; ventrals 170-178 ; subcaudals 37-38. 18. pallidiceps, p. 344. TV. Anal divided ; frontal much broader than the supraocular, as long as broad or a little longer than broad; ventrals 164-172 ; subcaudals 38-49. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; subcaudals SITE IOt, a acetal ae orgy acakizarn eealey siaet ol eau 19. melanura, p. 345. Scales in 16 rows; subcaudals single.... 20. par, p. 345. Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals paired .. 21. woodfordit, p. 346. Taste sHowine NumBers oF ScALES AND SHIELDS. Se. Vv. A. C Lab. SUPCTOA seseveeeeeeeuee 15 (17) 145-160 1 41-50 6 COTONALA wiseceseseeeees 15 1388-151 | 1 38-51 6 COrOnOides ......02.08- 15. 136-151 1 42-57 6 MUCLLETE .eiceecereeeees 17 118 1 38 6 STENALA eaceceecnecnee 19 167 1 35 6 ramsayt 15 164 2 51 6 signata 17 153-170 2 41-56 6 demelii 17 147-168 2 33-45 6 SUED veeeerecee 19 157-164 1 25-30 6 frontalis .. 19 154 1 30 6 flagellum... 17 132-138 1 25-27 6 maculata .... 17 121-1386 1 20-30 6 punctate .... 15 160 1 25 6 gouldit 15 140-170 1 22-33 6 NIGPESCENS eeseeeeees 15 170-200 1 30-46 6 NigrOstriata......c000e 15 180-184 1 50-64 6 COTPENLATIL. ...cccceees 15 166-183 1 31-43 6 idi : a 15 170-178 1 37-38 6 15-17 165-171 2 88-48 7 16 164-166 2 40-49 7 17 166-172 2 41-45 7 219. DENISONIA, 335 1. Denisonia superba. Alecto curta, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1252 (1864). Hloplocephalus oe part., Giinth. Cat. p. 217 (1858). superbus, Arefft, Sn. Austral. p. 54, pl.-xi. fig. 9 (1869) McCoy, Prodr, Zool. Vict., Dec. 1, p. 7, pl. ii. (1878)., Alecto schmidtii, Jan, Icon. Gén. 44, pl. i. fig. 4 (1878). Hoplocephalus bransbyi, Mucleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. 8. W. iii. 1878, p. 52. ? Hoplocephalus vestigiatus, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queens. i. 1884, p. 138. Eye as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows. Ventrals 145-160; anal entire; subcaudals 41-50. Brownish to dark olive above, the scales often edged ‘with darker; lateral scales often yellow or salmon-red; ventrals yellowish or greyish olive, blackish at the base. Young with a black nuchal blotch or collar, which may be bordered behind with yellow; lips yellow, largely spotted with black. Total length 1010 millim. ; tail 160. New South Wales, Southern Australia, Tasmania. 5 a,b,c. § (V. 158,148; Australasia, ‘ Erebus & Terror’ ) C. 48, 45) & Q (V. Exped. 155; C. 45). d. 6 (V.149; C.41). Tasmania. ee Smith, Esq. e-f. d (V.150, 147; Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [P.], ¢(TYPes:) C. 47, 46). g-t. &(V.150; C.45), Australia, 9(V. 153; C. 48), & yg.( V. 153; C. 45). . J k. Yg.(V.145;C.44). Australia. College of Surgeons. i. Yg. (V.150;C.49). Burrawang, New J. J. Fletcher, Esq. [P.}. South Wales. m. 10 embryos. Mt. Monda, Vic- P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.}. toria. n. Skull. Australia, 2. Denisonia coronata. Elaps coronatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 454 (1837), and < -, or A\-shaped dark marking on the back of the head, and a dark postocular streak ; upper labials whitish or yellowish, the anterior at least edged with brown or black ; grey to brown or black beneath, uniform or spotted with darker or lighter ; end of tail usually yellow or coral-red. Some specimens entirely black, either through darkening of the ground-colour (Q) or through extension of the black markings (3). Males usually distinguishable from females by darker, deep black markings and lighter ground-colour. Total length: ¢, 660 millim.; tail 90. 9,700; 75. A478 VIPERIDZ. ~ Europe, generally distributed in the North, mostly confined to the mountains in the Centre, irregularly distributed in the South (North of Spain and Portugal, Northern Italy, Bosnia) ; Caucasus ; Siberia, eastwards to Sachalien Island. a. 9 (V.145; C. 29). be. g (V. 148; C. 38) & 9 (V. 145; C. 33). d. 2 (V. 142; ©. 82). eo (V. 141; C. 35). f-g. 3 (V. 138; C. 35) & 2 (V. 144; C. 29). h. (V. 142; ©. 28). io. (V. 187, 138, 137; C. 40, 38, 88) & 9 (V. 142, 140, 143; C. 33, 32, 81). p. 2 (V. 148; C. 29). @ r.9 (V.144, 141; C. 28, s-t. 3 (V.141, 145; 0. 36, 41). u-v. Her. & yg. 2 (V. 136, 144; C. 80, 28). wy. Ye. fo 140; C. 83, 32). z 9 (V. 146; C. 28). a. 9 (V. 142; ©. 30). 3; Y 8, «. 3 (V. 188; C. 80). ¢ Yg. Q (V.142; 0.31). nb (V.141; C. 35), 6. 2 (V.149; C. 32). «. Hgr. 2 (V.143; C. 31). x. & (V. 140; C. 38). A-p. Q (V. 140, 150; C. 29, 33). v. 2 (V. 145; C. 35), Er. f (V.140, 145, 140; C. 89, 36, 37) & 9 (V. 146, 145, 146; 0.32, 31, 81). (V. 144; 0. 35) & yg. 9 (V.141) (V. 138; C. 87), 9 (V. 189, 154; C. 29, 28), & yg. 2 Near Freswick, Canisbay, Caithness. Betty Hill, Suther- landshire. W. Ross-shire. Dr. MacGregor [P.]. Capt. 8. G. Reid [P.]. W. Eagle Clarke, Esq. [P.]. Pluscarden Abbey, nr. D. Charleson, Esq. Forres, Morayshire. Braemar, Aberdeen- shire. Nr. Aberdeen. Cromilix, Stirling, 800-1000 ft. Crichton, W. Edin- burgh-shire. I. of Arran. Newby Bridge, N. Lancashire. Newby Bridge, N. Lancashire. Somersetshire. Woolhope, Hereford- shire. Nr. Penzance. Devonshire. Dorsetshire. Morecomb, Dorset- shire. Hampshire. Milton, Hampshire. Ventnor, I. of Wight. Brockeuhurst, Hamp- shire. Ringwood, shire. New Forest, Hamp- shire. Hamp- ee. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. G. Sim, Esq. [P.]. Dunblane, W. R. Ogilvie Grant, Esq. [P.}. W. Evans, Esq. [P.]. W. Leach, Esq. [P.]. Mr. G. Smith [P.]. Mr. J. Paul [P.]. _ W. Leach, Esq. [P.]. Col. Yerbury [P.]. Mr. F. W. Terry [P.]. W. Leach, Esq. [P.]. Rev. W. Rackett Clarke, Esq. [P.]. Zoological Society. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. Mrs. Mowatt [P.]. W. R. Ogilvie Grant, Esq. [P.]. G. -shaped ones ; head dark brown above, yellow on the sides, with a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish beneath, spotted with dark brown and with a lateral series of large black blotches. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 200. Upper Yang-tse, China, a-c. & (V. 165, 166, Mountains North of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. 162; C. 59, 60, 58). Kiu Kiang. (Types.) d. 3 (V. 168; C. 58). Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. 5. Ancistrodon halys. Coluber halys, Pall. Reise, iii. p. 703 (1776). Vipera halys, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 49 (1811), Trigonocephalus halys, Licht. in Eversm. Reise Orenb, Buch. p. 147 (1828) ; Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii, p. 170 (1831), and Faun. Casp- Cauc. p. 128, pl. xix. (1841); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1495 (1854) ; Strauch, Schl, Russ. R. p. 231 (1873); Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, # vi. fig. 1 (1874) ; Schretb. Herp. Eur. p. 182, fig. (1875) ; De Betta, Atti Ist. Ven. (5) vi. 1880, p. 888 ; Boetig. in Radde, Faun. Flor, Casp. Geb. p. 74 (1886). —— caraganus, Eichw. Zool. Spee. iii. p. 170. Halys pallasii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 392 (1864); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 430 (1876). Snout obtusely pointed, slightly turned up at the end, with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep ; a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; one or two postoculars and a subocular ; loreal pit separated from the labials; three large temporals, anterior largest; 7 or 8 upper labials, third entering the eye. Scales sharply keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 149-174; anal entire; sub- caudals 31-44 pairs. Yellowish, greyish, reddish, or pale brown 10.. ANcistTRODON. 525 above, with darker spots or cross-bars with serrated edges; one or two lateral series of dark spots; a dark spot on the snout, a pair of spots on the vertex, and two pairs of oblique streaks on the back of the head; a dark, light-edged band on the temple ; lips speckled with brown ; lower parts whitish, more or less speckled with grey or brown. Total length 490 millim.; tail 65. From the borders of the Caspian Sea and the Ural River to the Upper Yenisei. a. & (V. 155; C. 37). Mangyschlak. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. Bb 2 (V.160; C. 38). Anan, Mazandaran, W. T. Blanford, Esq. Elburz Mts, [E.}. e. o (V.154; C. 40). Ai Dara, Transcaspia. M. Eylandt [C.]. d. § (V.151; ©. 38). Varnoe, E. Turkestan. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.}. 6. Ancistrodon intermedius. Trigonocephalus blomhoffii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 552 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 88 (1838). —— intermedius, Strauch, Trans. Assoc. Russ. Nat. i. Zool. (Russian), p. 295 (1868), Schl. Russ. R. p. 246 (1873), and Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 52 (1876). Halys intermedia, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 736. Ancistrodon intermedius, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 140. Agrees in most respects with A. halys, but the snout is not at all turned up at the end, as in A. blomhoffii. Total length 750 millim.; tail 85. Central Asia, Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, and Japan. a, Hgr. (V. 161; C. 49). Kunges, R. Ili, E. St. Petersburg Mus. [E. j. Turkestan. b. 2 (V. 166; C. 45). Smeinogorsk,Gov. Dr. O. Finsch (C.]. Tomsk. c-d. § (V.155, 156; C. Chabarowka, Hr. Dorries [C.]. 40, 40). Ussuri R. e. 2 (V. 158; C. 39). Ussuri R. Warsaw Mus. (E.]. Jf-g. Her. (V. 157,164; Tarim R. near St. George Littledale, C. 42, 44). Lob Nor. Esq. [P.]. 7. Ancistrodon blomhoffii. Trigonocephalus blomhoffii, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 214; Gray, Cat. . 14 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1496 (1854); Strauch, Schl. uss. R. p. 251 (1873), and Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 52 (1876). — blomhoffii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 552, pl. xx. figs. 8 & 9 (1887), and Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 88, pl. vi. (1838). —— affinis, Gray, 1. c. ee var. megaspilus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 836, Halys blomhoffii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 393 (1864). Ancistrodon blomhofiii, Bouleng, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 140. : 526 VIPERIDH. - Closely allied to A. halys, with which it agrees in most respects, but snout not turned up at the end, and scales more strongly keeled, in 21 (exceptionally 23,—specs. h, s) rows. Upper labials con- stantly 7. Ventrals 137-166; subcaudals 29-55, Coloration very variable. Grey, brown, or red above, with large dark-edged spots disposed in pairs, opposite or alternating, or more or less regular dark cross-bands; a dark, light-edged temporal band; upper lip uniform yellowish or red; belly yellowish or red, more or less pro- fusely speckled or spotted with blackish, or nearly entirely black. Total length 720 millim.; tail 100. Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Siam. a. & (V. 140; C. 48). b-c. 2 (V. 145; C. 47) & her. o (V. 142; C. 55). d. 2 (V. 142; C. 43). ef, g. 5 (V. 146; C. 46), her. (V. 138; , 46). k-n. 2 (V. 142, 144; C. ?, 82) & ye. (V. 144, 141 ; C. 39, 32), o-p. 3 (V. 144, 144; C. 41, 35). . 9 (V. 140; C. 30). . & (V. 143; C. 38). s. @ (V. 145; C. 31). t-u. 9 (V. 142, 138; C. 82, 29). * C. a. & (V. 187; C. 46). Japan. Yokohama. Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands. Tsu Sima, Loo Choo Islands, Formosa, Hoi How, Hainan. Hang-Chau, Proy. Che- Kiang. Ichang. Ichang. Ichang. Mountains N. of Kiu Kiang. Mountains N, of Kiu Kiang. —?P Leyden Museum, H.MLS, ‘ Challenger.’ Mr. M. K. Rokugo Pi Mr. Holst [C.]. R.Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. J. Neumann, Esq. J. J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. A. Henry, Esq. [P.]. R. Swinhoe, Esq[C. ], A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. A. E.Pratt, Esq. [C.]. C. Maries, Esq. [C.]. Sir_E. Belcher [P.]. (Type of 7. affinis.) 8. Ancistrodon himalayanus. Halys himalayanus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. (1864) ; Stecndachn. Novara, Rept. p. 87 (1867) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 393, pl. xxiv. fig. A p. 226; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 196, and 1872, p. 401; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvi. (1874) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 225 (1876); Blanf. Zool. 2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 24 (1878). Trigonocephalus himalayanus, Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 284 (1878). (1874). blomhoffii (non Boce), Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. v. figs. 4 & 6 Ancistrodon himalayanus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 424, fig. (1890). Snout hardly turned up, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, or a little broader than deep; a pair of internasals 10. ANCISTRODON. 527 and a pair of prefrontals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; two postoculars, upper small, lower descending to below the eye, which it sometimes entirely separates from the labials; 5 to 7 upper labials, none entering the loreal pit, the penultimate and last very large, formed by fusion with the lower temporals. Scales sharply keeled, in 21 (rarely 28) rows. Ventrals 144-166; anal entire; subcaudals 35-51 pairs. Brown with black spots or transverse bands; sometimes with a light ver- tebral band with dark festooned borders; a black, light-edged band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts dark brown, or variegated with black and white. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 90. Himalayas, 5000 to 10,000 feet; Khasi hills. a. o (V.162; C. 43). Garwal, W. Himalayas. Dr. Cantor. =) b. d (V. 166; C. 50). Garwal, W. Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schla- } gintweit [C.]. | 8 c-l. § (V. 158, 1538, Himalayas. T.C. Jerdon,Esq. ~ 144; C. 44, 47, 47), Al @ (V. 157; C. 36), & yg. (V. 158, 153, 159, 160, 155; C. 40, 46, 39, 40, 47). m-o.'3 (V. 158; C. Khasi hills. T. C. Jerdon,Esq.[P.], 47), 9 (V. 158; C. 36), & her. (V. 159; C. 39). 9. Ancistrodon rhodostoma. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxi. (1801). Trigonocephalus rhodostoma, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 561; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 547, pl. xx. figs. 1-3 (1837), and Addild. p. 140, pl. xlix. (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 15 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén, 46, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1874). Leiolepis rhodostoma, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1500 (1854). Tisiphone rhodostoma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 673. Calloselasma rhodostoma, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 391 (1864). Ancistrodon rhodostoma, Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 135. Snout pointed, somewhat turned up at the end. Rostral as deep as broad, or a little deeper than broad; a pair of internasals and a pair of preefrontals; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; one or two postoculars and one subocular, separating the eye from the labials; loreal pit separated from the labials; 7 to 9 upper labials. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Ventrals 138-157; anal entire; subcaudals 34-54 pairs. Reddish, greyish, or pale brown above, with large angular, dark brown, black-edged spots disposed in opposite pairs or alternating ; a dark brown ver- tebral line; lips yellowish or pink, powdered with brown; a broad dark brown, black-edged band, festooned below, from the eye to the 528 _ -VIPERID, angle of the mouth, with a light band above it; yellowish beneath, uniform or powdered or spotted with greyish brown. Total length 810 millim.; tail 90. Java. b Her. 3 (V.148; 0. Java. Leyden Museum. 51). -C, g (V. 145; 0.46) Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. are gr. ce) (V. 143; C. 3 d. 2 wv: 156 ; C. 36). Java. e-g. d (V. 148 ; C. 50) Batavia. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. & 2 (V. 154, 157; P.]. C. 34, 37). ho (V. 149; C. 48). Willis Mts. Kediri, Java, Baron v. Huegel(C.]. 5000 ft. %. o (V. 148; C. 50). Siam (?). 10. Ancistrodon hypuale. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxii. (1801). ? Coluber nepa, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 97 (1768). Cophias hypnale, Merr. Tent. p. 155 (1820). Trigonocephalus hypnale, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. 550, pl. xx. figs. 6 te 7 (1837); Gray, Cat. p. 15 (1849); a, & Bibr. vii. p. "1498 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. v. figs. 2 & 3 (1874). Trimesurus ceylonensis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 48 (1842). Trigonocephalus halys, Gray, Cat. p. 14. zara, Gray, 1. c. p. 15. Hypnale nepa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 335; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 394 (1864) ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvii. (1874); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 226 (1876). —— aflinis, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p Ancistrodon hypnale, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. An (1890). ‘ Snout more or less turned up at the end, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, or deeper than broad; upper surface of snout covered with small shields, which are often irregular and scale-like; one or two postoculars and one or two sub- oculars ; 7 or 8 upper labials, second entering the loreal pit, none entering the eye. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 125-155; anal entire; subcaudals 28-45 pairs. Coloration very variable; upper parts brown, yellowish, or greyish, uniform or with blackish-brown alternating spots or cross-bands, frequently with small deep-black spots disposed in pairs; sides of head usually dark brown, edged above with a fine whitish line ; sometimes a white, black- ‘edged, longitudinal streak on each side of the neck; belly more or less closely powdered with dark brown. Total length 480 millim.; tail 65. Ceylon, and Western Ghats of India as far north as Bombay. a. 3 (V.149; ©. 48), Ceylon. Sir J. Banks [P.]. b. Q (V. 152; C. 36). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [P.]. 11. LAcHEsIS. 529 e-d. 9 (V. 144, 149; Ceylon. Capt. Gascoigne [P. a $808). , y Pp gne [P.}. ef. o (V. 125; C.P Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. 1. 9 (W. 130, 141; , hb. 2 (V. ; Ceylon. rs 30,36). , w-m, n-o. ¢ (V. 140; Anamallays, Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 46) & 2 (V. 137, 188,136; C.35,37,?), hgr. (V. 141; C. 87), & yg.(V. 139; C. 44). p. & (V. 140; C. 48). Belgaum. Dr. Leith [P.]. g. bd (V. 144; C. 45). (Type of 7. zara, r-s,t. S (V. 149, 148; _ C. ?, 45) & 2 (V. 143; C. 39). 11. LACHESIS. Crotalus, part., Lenn. S. N.i. p. 872 (1766); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii- p. 555 (1887). Scytale, part., Lat:. Hist, Rept. iii. p. 158 (1802); Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 334 (1803). Lachesis, Daud. t.c. p. 349; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 175 (1830) ; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 50 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 18 (1849) ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 1483 (1854) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 673; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 124 (1863). Trimeresurus, part., Lacép. Ann. du Mus, iy. 1804, p. 209. Trigonocephalus, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 50 (1811); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 672. Cophias, part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 154 (1820). Craspedocephalus, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p. 472; Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 205; Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 34 (1826) ; Gray, Cat. p. 4. Bothrops, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 50 (1824), and Syst. Amph. p. 174; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 47; Dum. §& Bibr. t.c. p. 1502; Jan, lc. p. 125. Megera, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 174; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49, and Cat. p. 11; Peters, l.c. p. 671. ‘ Atropos (non Oken), Wagl. l.c. p. 175; Gray, Ul. ec. pp. 49, 12; Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 1517 ; Peters, 1. c.; Jan, l. c. p. 127. Tropidolemus, Wagl. 1.c.; Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 1523; Peters, le. : Jan, l. ¢. Trigonocephalus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 527 (1837). Trimesurus, Gray, Jl. cc. pp. 48, 7; Peters, 1. e. Parias, Gray, Cat. p. 11. Bothriechis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 278; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 845, and 1871, p. 207. Teleuraspis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 338, 1860, p. 345, and 1871, p. 206. Cryptelytrops, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 340. Thamnocenchris, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 459. Bothriopsis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 359; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1871, p. 208. Trimeresurus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 384 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 425 (1890). Peltopelor, Giinth. 1. c. p. 390. VOL, II. 2M 530 VIPERID&. Porthidium, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 207. Atropophis, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1871, p. 41. Rhinocerophis, Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. viii. 1881, p. 85. Ophryacus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 88. Thanatophis, Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 343, Upper surface of head covered with scales or small shields. Body cylindrical or compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, with or without apical pits. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals single or in two rows. South-eastern Asia; Central and South America. Synopsis of the Species. I, American species, with non-prehensile tail. A. Subcaudals all or greater part in two rows. 1. Posterior subcaudals replaced by small scales; upper head- scales granular, smooth or obtusely keeled; supraccular shield narrow; scales tubercularly keeled, in 35 or 37 rows ; ventrals 200-230; subcaudals 32-50. 1. mutus, p. 534, 2. No small scales under the tail ; upper head-scales imbricate or subimbricate ; supraocular large. a, Scales on the vertex and occiput more or less strongly keeled ; dorsal scales strongly keeled. a. Second upper labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. * Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity ; scales in 23-33 rows; ventrals 180- 240 ; subcaudals 46-70. 2. lanceolatus, p. 535. ** Keels on the dorsal scales much shorter than the scales, Scales in 25-29 rows; ventrals 161- 216 ; subcaudals 47-73 .......... 3. atrow, p. 537. Scales in 21-23 rows; ventrals 156- 172; subcaudals 58-64 .......... 4, pulcher, p. 539. *** Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity; scales in 21-23 rows; ventrals 157- 172; subcaudals 40-74. 6. pictus, p. 540. 6B. Loreal pit separated from the labials. * Keels on the dorsal scales much shorter than the scales; scales in 23 rows; ventrals 159-161; subcaudals 52-55 .... 5. microphthalmus, [p. 540. 11. LacHnsts. , 531 ** Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity. Scales in 29-35 rows; ventrals 167— 188 ; subcaudals 31-51............ 7. alternatus, p. 541. Scales in 21-27 rows; ventrals 168- 182; subcaudals 41-53............ 8. neuwiedii, p. 542. Scales in 23-25 rows; ventrals 149- 160; subcaudals 30-38............ 9. ammodytoides, p. 543. b. Upper head-scales all smooth ; dorsal scales not strongly keeled ; scales in 27 rows; ventrals 196; subcaudals Ot 68 sn ke ee ena Newer ¥ 10. zanthogrammus, | [p. 543. B. Subcaudals all or greater part single. 1. Second upper labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; scales in 25-27 rows; ventrals 230-253 ; subcaudals 12-885 cee varie akao rns 11. castelnaudi, p, 544. 2. Loreal pit separated from the labials. a. Supraocular narrow, separated from its fellow by 7-10 series of scales; scales in 238-27 rows; ventrals 121- 134; subcaudals 26-36 .... 12. nummifer, p. 544. 6. Supraocular large, separated from its fellow by 5—7 series of scales. Snout not turned up ; rostral not deeper than broad; scales in 21 rows; ven- trals 135-142; subcaudals 22-34 .. 13. godmani, p. 545. Snout turned up at the end ; rostral once and one third to once and a half as long as broad ; scales in 25-27 rows; ventrals 152-159 ; subcaudals 29--35. 14. lansbergiz, p. 546. Snout much produced above at the end ; rostral once and two thirds to twice as deep as broad ; scales in 23-25 rows ; ventrals 132-150; subcaudals 27-38 . 15. brachystoma, p. 547. TI. Asiatic species; subcaudals in two rows. A. Scales between the eyes smooth or obtusely keeled; gular scales smooth ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. 1. Scales in 21-25 (rarely 27) rows; ventrals 129-158; sub- caudals 21-57 ; 5 to 9 series of scales between the supra- oculars ; tail not prehensile. Supraoculare large, separated by 5 to 8 series of scales; scales smooth or feebly keeled; canthus rostralis ODBC: 4.56 aciueaeancn va eae se ee Re 16. monticola, P. 548. 2M 532 VIPERIDE. Supraoculars large, separated by 6 to 9 series of scales ; scales strongly keeled ; canthus rostralis sharp and raised.... 17. okinavensis, p. 549. Supraoculars small, sometimes broken up, separated by 8 to 11 series of jux- taposed, convex scales; scales feebly keeled dsseucas eases ca a educes 18. strigatus, p. 549, 2. Scales in 27-37 rows, feebly keeled; ventrals 174-231 ; subcaudals 54-90; tail not prehensile. Scales in 33-37 rows; ventrals 222- 231; subcaudals 75-90 ; 8 or 9 upper labials: “sdaviswowweiiele soe avis 19. flavoviridis, p. 550. Scales in 27-31 rows ; ventrals 174-184; subcaudals 55-76 ; 13 upper labials . 20. cantoris, p. 551. 3. Scales in 21-27 rows, strongly keeled ; ventrals 160-218; subcaudals 54-92 ; tail not or but slightly prehensile, a. 7 to 9 series of scales between the supraoculars ; scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 164-188 ; subcaudals 54-67. 21. jerdonii, p. 551. b. 10 to 15 series of scales between the supraoculars ; scales in 23-27 rows. Ventrals 183-218; subcaudals 72-92 .. 22. mucrosquamatus, Ventrals 182-186; subcaudals 72-74 ; [p. 552. supraocular large ..........-..00- 23. luteus, p. 553, Ventrals 160-182; subcaudals 55-76; supraccular very narrow, sometimes [p. 553. broken Up cio. de85 ds dese ses ied 24, purpureomaculatus, 4, Scales in 21 rows (rarely 19 or 23), smooth or feebly keeled; 7 to 13 series of scales between the supraoculars ; tail more or less prehensile. a. Temporal scales smooth ; subcaudals 53-82, Ventrals 145-175; snout feebly pro- minent; supraccular narrow........ 25. gramineus, p. 554. Ventrals 170-187; snout prominent, obliquely truncate; supraocular DALTOW | cpu care Westee hoes sees 26. flavomaculatus, p.556. Ventrals 180-191; supraocular large .. 27. sumatranus, p. 557. 6. Temporal scales obtusely keeled ; ventrals 138-158 ; sub- caudals 44-58 .......... 28. anamailensis, p. 558. 5. Scales in 13-19 rows; 3 to 5 series of scales between the supraoculars ; tail prehensile. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17-19 rows; ventrals 145-170 ; subcaudals [p. 559. DO=SOL sinless d Wa uie sea wel eo oie 29. trigonocephalus, 11. LAcHEsts. 533 Scales strongly keeled, in 13-15 rows; ventrals 134-143; subcaudals 48-56 . 30. macrolepis, p. 560. B. Scales between the eyes smooth; gular scales smooth; first lower labial divided, the separate portion forming a: pair of small additional chin-shields; scales feebly and obtusely keeled; ventrals 144-176; subcaudals 38-57; tail pre- hensile. Scales in 21-23 rows; second upper labial usually not bordering the loreal pit; 12-14 series of scales between“ the supraoculars ..............-. 31. puniceus, p. 560. Scales in 19-21 rows; second upper labial bordering the loreal pit; 10-11 series of scales between the supra- OCU ars! oui cca eae Aarne CE eee 32. borneensis, p. 561. C. Upper head-scales all strongly keeled; gular scales keeled ; scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 19-27 rows; ventrals 127-154; subcaudals 45-55 ; tail prehensile. 833. wagleri, p. 562. TIL. American species, with prehensile tail. A. Subcaudals all or greater part in two rows. Scales in 27-35 rows; ventrals 198- 218; subeaudals 59-71 .......... 34. bilineatus, p. 565. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 149-171; subcaudals 41-49; a horn-like scute above the eye... 6... 0. eee ee eee 35. undulatus, p. 565. B. Subcaudals all or greater part single. 1. Supraocular shield narrow ; scales in 21-23 rows ; ventrals 164-171 ; subcaudals 59-67. Loreal pit separated from the labials; 9 upper labiala ............00 00 ee 36, lateralis, p. 566. Second labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; 10 or 11 upper Vablals ics: jcc acres a cae Rares aes 37. bicolor, p. 566. 2. Supraocular shield large, separated from the eye by a series of pointed scales; scales in 19-25 rows; ventrals 138— 162; subcaudals 47-62 .... 38. schlegeliz, p. 567. 3. Supraocular shield large, bordering the eye; scales in 19 rows. 5 or 6 series of small scales between the ‘supraoculars; ventrals 134-146 ; sub- wae caudals 49-54 1.0... . cece eee eee 39. nigroviridis, p. 568. An enlarged frontal shield; ventrals ' 154-158 ; subcaudals 53-61........ 40. aurifer, p. 568. 534 VIPERIDE. 1. Lachesis mutus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. Ixxvi. fig. 1 (1735). Crotalus mutus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 878 (1766); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.. p. 570, pl. xx. figs. 19 & 20 (1837). Boa muta, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 128 & 389 (1789). Coluber crotalinus, Gimel. 8. N. i. p. 1094 (1789) ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 400 (1802). — alecto, Shaw, J. c. p. 405. Scytale catenata, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 162 (1802). —— ammodytes, Latr. t.c. p. 165; Daud. Rept. v. p. 847 (1803). Lachesis mutus, Daud. t. c. p. 3851; Dum. & Buibr. vii. p. 1485 (1854); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 122 (1888); Lacerda, Legons Ven. Serp. Brés. p. 5 (1884); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 188: (1895). Trigonocephalus ammodytes, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 66 (1811). Cophias crotalinus, Merr. Tent. p, 154 (1820). Bothrops surucucu, Wagl. in Sprx, Serp. Bras. p. 59, pl. xxiii. (1824). Lachesis rhombeata, Wied, Abbild. Nat. Bras. (1825), Craspedocephalus crotalinus, Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 205. Lachesis mutus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 18 (1849). —— stenophrys, Cope, Journ. Ac, Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 152. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; nasal. divided ; upper head-scales very small, granular, smooth or obtusely keeled; supraocular narrow; two or three scales separating the internasals in front; 10 to 15 scales on a line between the supra- oculars ; four or five series of scales between the eye and the upper’ labials ; temporal scales obtusely keeled; 9 or 10 upper labials, second usually forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third very large. Scales tubercularly keeled, feebly imbricate, in 35 or 37 rows. Ventrals 200-230; anal entire; subcaudals 32-50, all or greater’ part in pairs and followed by very small keeled scales covering the end of the tail. Yellowish or pinkish above, with a series of large rhomboidal dark brown or black spots enclosing smaller light spots ;. a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth. Total length 1995 millim.; tail 170. Central and Tropical South America. a-b. Yg. (Sc. 37, 35; Panama. V. 203, 206; C. 36, 37). ce. & (Sc. 87; V. 226; Demerara? Col. E. Sabine [P.]. C. 36). d. @, head and tail Surinam. C. W. Ellascombe, Esq. (C. 36). [P.]. é. au 85; V. 223; Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.].. . 87). f. & (Se. 85; V. 225; Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. C. 34). g. Ad., stffd. Brazil. Mrs. Parker [P.]. A. @ (Sc. 85; V. 225; Cayaria, N.E. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; C. 36). Peru. Messrs. Veitch [P.]. % 2 (Sc. 85; V. 226; Bolivia. M. Suarez [P.]. C. 35). 11. LacHEsIs. 535 2. Lachesis lanceolatus. Moreau de Jonnés, Monogr. Trigonoc. des Antilles (1816). P Vipera ceerulescens, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 101 (1768). ? Coluber glaucus, Gel. S. N. i. p. 1092 (1788). ? Coluber ambiguus, Gel. t.c. p. 1104. Coluber lanceolatus, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 80, 121, pl. v. fig. 1 (1789). tigrinus, Lacép. t.c. pp. 82, 186. —— brasiliensis, Lacép. t.c. pp. 98, 119, pl. iv. fig. 1. Vipera lanceolata, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 325 (1802); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 28 (1803). brasiliensis, Latr. op. cit. iv. p. 7; Daud. t.c. p. 86. Coluber megera, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 406 (1802). ? Vipera weigelii, Daud. t. c. p. 60, Trigonocephalus lanceolatus, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 66 (1811); Schieg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 536, pl. xix. figs. 3 & 4 (1837); Rufz, Enquéte Serp. Martin. (1843) ; Garm. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 285; W. Duncan, Proc. Bristol Natur. Soc. (2) vi. 1889, p..44. —— tigrinus, Oppel, 1. c. Cophias lanceolatus, Merr. Tent. p. 155. atrox (non L.), Wied, Reise n. Bras, ii. p. 248 (1821). holosericeus, Wied, i.c., and Beitr. i. p. 490 (1825). Bothrops furia, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 52, pl. xx. (1824). leucostigma, Wagl. i. c. p. 53, pl. xxi. fig. 1. Cophias jararacca, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 470, and Abbild. (1825). Craspedocephalus lanceolatus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 62 (1826) ; Gray, Cat. p. 5 (1849). jararaca, Fitzing. lc. weigelii, Futzing. 1. c. Trigonocephalus jararaca, Schleg. 1. c. p. 582, pl. xix. figs. 1 & 2. Bothrops megzera, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 47 (1842). — subscutatus, Gray, 1. ¢. sabinii, Gray, /. ¢. cinereus, Gray, 1. c. Craspedocephalus atrox, part., Gray, Cat. p. 6. Bothrops lanceolatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1505 (1854); Rufz, Enquéte Serp. Martin. 2nd ed, (1859) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 47, pl. i. fig. 1 (1875); 4. E. Brown, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1898, p. 435. —— jararaca, Dum. § Bibr, t. c. p. 1509; Jan, 1. ¢. pl. iii. figs. 1 & 2; Lacerda, Leg. Ven. Serp. Brés. p. 10 (1884); F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 699; A. E. Brown, l. c. _ Craspedocephalus brasiliensis, Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 52. Bothrops atrox, var. dirus, Jan, 1.c. pl. il. fig. 1. — brasiliensis, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 182. Trigonocephalus atrox, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 124 (1883). Bothrops jararacussu, Lacerda, lc. p. 8. —— atrox septentrionalis, #. Miill. 1. ¢. Trigonocephalus caribbeus, Garm. Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 285. Bothrops glaucus, Vaill. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 48. — atrox, part., Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 187 (1895). Snout rounded or obtusely pointed, with sharp, slightly raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad; nasal divided; upper head- scales small, imbricate, more or less strongly keeled, in 5 to 10 longitudinal series between the supraoculars, which are large; a 536 VIPERIDZ, pair of large internasals, usually forming a suture with each other, and a large canthal; two or three postoculars and one, two, or three suboculars, separated from the labials by one or two series of scales ; temporal scales keeled ; seven or eight upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales in 23-33 rows, sharply keeled. Ventrals 180-240 ; anal entire; subcaudals 46-70, all or greater part in two rows. Coloration very variable: grey, brown, yellow, olive, or reddish above, uniform or with more or less distinct dark spots or cross-bands, or with dark triangles on the sides in- closing pale rhombs; a dark streak from the eye to behind the angle of the mouth ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or powdered or spotted with brown, or brown with light spots. Total length 1600 millim.; tail 190, Tropical America, b. 9 (Sc. 27; V. 209; Atoyac, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith ed “G, 62) & her. (Sc. 27 ; F. D. Godman, V. 208; C. 61). [P.]. e * ob (Se. 29; V.212; Teapa, Tabasco. Prd Godman, Esq. 62). ag d (Sc. 25; V. 214; Tehuantepec. M. F. Sumichrast [C.]. 67). e,f,9. 2 (Se. 27, 27,27; Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck [C.]. 7990, 213, 991; G. 58. 57, 60). h,i,k. $ (Se.27; V..210; Mexico. C. P) & yg. (Se. 27, 25; V. 208, 196; C.70,69). 1 3 {se 25; V. 212; Pacific Coast of 0. Salvin, Esq, [C.]. C. 62). Guatemala. aren (Se. 25; V. 195; Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. n. ne (Se. 25; V. 189 Stann Creek, Brit. Rev. J. Robertson [C.]. C.71). Honduras. 0. an ‘e 27; V. 210; Honduras. p. mi ee 33; V. 226; Guadeloupe. q: ie ie 27; V. 211; Dominica. a Gi Ramage, Esq. o . "Hee (Sc. 30, 31, Martinique. 29; V. 217, 220, "12. C. 67, 69, 65). uw. oa (Se 27; V. 218; St. Lucia. Lady Wood [P.]. v ie (Se. 25; V. 200; St. Lucia. Zoological Society. w-y. 3 (Se. 23; V.191; Venezuela. C. 60), hgr. (Sc. 23; V. 195; C. 62), & yg. (Se. 25; V.196; C. 54), z 9 (Se. 25 ; Vv, 197; Caracas. & 62). 2 (Se. 29; V. 214; Berbice. Col. Sabine [P.}. (Type Ce 65). of B. subscutatus.) 11. LacHEsis. 537 iB, y, 8. 2 (Se.29; V.211; Demerara, Col.Sabine[P.]. (Types C. 66) & her. (Se. 26, of B. sabinii.) 27; V. 204, 211; C. 71, 63). os oe Ro 25; V. 197; Demerara. Dr. Hancock [P.]. C. 64). ¢. ae s* 25; V..190; Para. R, Graham, Esq. [P.]. q 2 { 25; V. 203; Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq.[P.]. , 64), 4 &, (Se. 23; V. 194; Rio Janeiro. Mr. Fry [P.]. .57). ms FP aa 23; V. 205; Rio Janeiro. Haslar Collection. xp. § (Sc. 23; V.197; Porto Real, Prov. M. Hardy du Dréneuf C. 60), 2 (Se. 25; V. Rio Janeiro. C.). 206; C. 64), & yg. (Se. 25 ;'V. 190; C. 63). Y £0. Q (Se. 23; V.216; Brazil. Lord Stuart de Roth- C. 61) & hgr. (Se. 28, say [P.]. 25; Vz 204, 206; C. 66, ’61). TT. of ioe 23; V. 195; Madre de Dios, 54). Bolivia. p- Fee (Sc. 25; V. 194; Pampa del Sacra- Mr. W. Davis [C.]; C.74), mento, Peru. Messrs. Veitch [P.]. o-t. Yg. (Sc. 23, 25; W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. V. 207, 180; C. 58, 66). v. Yg. (Se. 27; V. 181; Ecuador. C. 71). p. ok (Se. 33; V.229; -—~P BE. MacLeay, Esq. [P.]. 68). (Type of B. cinereus.) x nd (Se. 381; V. 225; ——? (Type of B. megera.) Vy. Eig Martinique. o. Skeleton. S. Ameria. a’, Skull. S. America. o'. Skull. C. America. This species may have to be united with the following. The only character by which I have distinguished the two, viz., the length of the keel on the dorsal scales, is not dependent on age or sex, as had been supposed. Some specimens of L. lanceolatus, however, approach L. atrow in the swelling of the scales at the base of the keels, and are thus intermediate between the two sup- posed species. It is also not impossible that two or three species are confounded here under ZL. lanceolatus, but I have been unable to trace any limits or to find any correlation between the modifications in scaling and coloration. 3. Lachesis atrox. Coluber atrox, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid, pl. xxii. fig. 2 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 383 (1766). Vipera atrox, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 103 (1768). 538 VIPERID A, Cophias atrox, Merr. Tent. p. 154 (1820). Bothrops megera, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 50, pl. xix. (1824). tessellatus, Wagl. l. c. p. 54, le xxi. fig. 2. teniatus, Wagl. lc. p. 55, pl. xxi. fig. 3. Craspedocephalus atrox, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 62 (1826) ; Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 51. Trigonocephalus atrox, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 585, pl. xix. figs. 5 & 6 (1887). Craspedocephalus atrox, part., Gray, Cat. p. 6 (1849). Bothrops atlinis, Gray, l.c. p. 7. atrox, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1507 (1854) ; Giinth, Biol, C-Am., Rept. p. 187 (1895). atrox, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1859, p.275; A. E. Brown, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1893, p. 434. Trigonocephalus asper, Garm, N. Am. Rept. p. 124 (1883). Snout obtusely pointed, with sharp, slightly raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad; nasal divided ; upper head-scales small, imbricate, more or less strongly keeled, in 5 to 9 longitudinal series between the supraoculars, which are large; a pair of large internasals, forming a suture with each other, and a large canthal; two postoculars and one, two, or three suboculars, separated from the labials by one series of scales; temporal scales keeled ; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales in 25 to 29 rows, strongly keeled, the keels on the posterior part of the back very high, swollen in the middle, and much shorter than the scale. Ventrals 161-216; anal entire; subcaudals 47-73 pairs. Brown above, with more or less distinct dark, light-edged cross-bands or triangles with the apices approximating on the vertebral line; a more or less distinct dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; belly yellowish white, much speckled and blotched with brown, or brown spotted with yellowish white. Total length 1110 millim. ; tail 180. From Central America to Peru and Northern Brazil. a. au (Sc. 25; V.216; Coban, Guatemala, F. Sarg, Esq. [C.]. . 66). bd So 25;V. 201; C.65). Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]. c. Yg. (Sc. 27; V. 197; Chontalez, Nicaragua. R.A. Rix, Esq. [C.]; C. 70). W. M. Crowfoot, Esq. {P.]}. d-e. g (Sc. 27; V. 202; Chiriqui. J.G. Champion, Esq. C. 72) & yg. (Sc. 27; [C.]; F. D. Godman, V.195; C. 65). Esq. [P.. fg. Ye. (Sc. 29, 27; V. Carthagena,Colombia. Capt. Garth [P.}. 204, 190; C. 62, 69). ht. Yg. (Sc. 25, 27; V. Rosario du Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [C.]- 210, 187; C. 77, 64). Colombia. k. Yg. (Sc. 27; V. 200; Bogota. C. Laverde, Esq. [P.]- C. 58). I-m. Q (Sc. 26,27; V.196, W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser (C.]. 195; C. 65, 58). 11. Lacuusts. 539) n-o. Yg. (Sc. 25, 25; V. Canelos, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.}. 194, 200; O. 61, 62). Dp. ea 25; V. 200; Pebas, Peru. My. Hauxwell [C.]. _ 68). g,7-v. & (Sc. 27; V.196; Moyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. C.70) & yg. (Sc. 25, 27, 27, 27,25; V. 203, 196, 187, 194, 185; C. 75, 60, 74, 68, 68). w. 3 (Sc. 25; V. 196; Pozuzu, Peru. H. J. Veitch, Esq. C. 69). (P.}. x. Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 186; Sarayacu, Peru. : Mr. W. Davis [C.] ;. C. 63). Messrs. Veitch [P.]. y. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 185; Cayaria, Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; C. 66). Messrs. Veitch re es ae (Sc. 27; V. 190; Demerara. Lieut. Friend [P.]. 67). a. Fs (Sc. 27; V. 193; Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove [C.]. 68). B-y. & (Sc. 25; V.196; Berbice. Lady Essex [P.]. C. 65) & 2’ (Se. 25: V. 198; C. 59). 8, e-«. ¢ (Sc. 25; V.183; Berbice. C. 71) & yg. (Sc. 27, 27, 27, 25, 25, 25; V. 185, 190, 194, 183, 182, 176: C.73, 61, 59, 70, 70, 69). A-n. ¢ (Sc. 25; V.161; Brit. Guiana. Demerara Mus. [P.]. C. 47) & 2 (Sc. 27; V. 200; C. 58). v. Yg. (Sc. 27; V.177; Para. C. 66). és 4. Lachesis pulcher. Trigonocephalus pulcher, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 672. Snout broad, rounded, with sharp, slightly raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly deeper than broad; nasal divided ; upper head-scales imbricate, largest and smooth on the snout, obtusely keeled and in 5 to 7 longitudinal series between the large supraoculars, with strong, short keels on the occiput ; a pair of large internasals and a large canthal; two postoculars. and a subocular, separated from the labials by one series of scales ;. temporal scales keeled; seven upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, strongly and tubercularly keeled, the keels much shorter than the scales. Ventrals 156-172; anal entire; subcaudals 58-64 pairs. Olive- grey above, with brown, light-edged cross-bands which are con- tinuous, or broken on the vertebral line and alternating; a light streak from the eye to behind the angle of the mouth ; belly closely powdered with brown, with darker and lighter spots on the sides. Total length 685 millim. ; tail 115. Andes of Ecuador. a, Hgr. 9 (Sc. 23; V. 156; C. 58). Quito. b. 2 (Sc. 28; V. 158; C. 64). Intac. Mr. Buckley [C]- 540 VIPERID&. 5. Lachesis microphthalmus. Bothrops microphthalmus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 182. Snout short, rounded, with distinct canthus; eye very small. Rostral slightly deeper than broad; nasal divided; upper head- scales imbricate, smooth or obtusely keeled on the snout and vertex ; supraoculars large, separated in the middle by five or six series of scales ; scales on back of head smaller, with a short keel (or smooth); loreal pit separated from the labials; 7 upper labials, third and sixth or seventh largest. Scales in 23 rows; dorsals tubercularly keeled, the keel not reaching the extremity of the scales and terminating in an enlargement, which, on the posterior part of the body, is a prominent tubercle. Ventrals 159-161; anal entire; subcaudals 52-55 pairs. Yellowish brown or pale olive above, with dark brown triangles on the sides, the apices meeting or approaching on the vertebral line; posteriorly, the united triangles forming cross-bands; a yellowish band, edged with dark brown below, extending from the eye to the side of the neck; belly dark brown with some yellowish spots, or yellow anteriorly, gradually darkening to black on the tail. Total length 630 millim. ; tail 100. Peru, Ecuador. a. & (V.161; C. 55). Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.]. 6. Lachesis pictus. Lachesis picta, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 61, pl. x. (1845) ; Gray, Cat. p. 13 (1849). Bothrops pictus, Jan, Elenco, p. 126 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 47, pl. iii. fig. 3 & pl. iv. fig. 2 (1875). Snout obliquely truncate, with sharp raised canthus all round. Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad; nasal divided ; upper head-scales small, juxtaposed or subimbricate, largest and smooth on the snout, feebly keeled and in 5 to 7 longitudinal series between the supraoculars, which are large; a pair of small internasals, in contact with each other ; two series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales feebly keeled ; 8 or 9 upper labials, second entering the loreal pit, third and fourth largest. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 to 23 rows. Ventrals 157-172; anal entire; subcaudals 40-74 pairs, Pale brown above, with a dorsal series of large black-edged brown spots which may be confluent and form an undulous or zigzag band; sides with small black spots; a dark streak behind the eye and a vertical bar below the eye; yellowish beneath, dotted or spotted with brown. Total length 310 millim.; tail 43. Peru. - 11. LacHEsts. 541 oa (Se. 235 V. 157; C. 45). Lima. Christiania Mus. g. (Sc. 22; V. 167; C. 42) Lima. Prof. W. Nation [P.]. we head and ‘ail (C. 40) ‘of O% 7. Lachesis alternatus. Craspedocephalus brasiliensis (non Lacép.), Gray, Cat. p. 5 (1849). Bothrops alternatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1512, pl. Ixxxi. fig. T (1854) ; Guichen. in Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 76 1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gién. 47, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1875) ; Bouleng. Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 488. Trigonocephalus alternatus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 155. Bothrops atrox, part., Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 384. , Head narrow, elongate; snout obtusely pointed, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad ; nasal divided ; upper head-scales small, imbricate, strongly keeled, in 10 to 13 longitudinal series between the supraoculars, which are rather narrow; a pair of large internasals, in contact with each other, each followed by a canthal; two or three postoculars and one or two suboculars, separated from the labials by two series of scales; loreal pit separated from the labials by small scales ; temporal seales keeled; 8 or 9 upper labials, second small. Scales very strongly keeled, in 29-35 rows. Ventrals 167-181; anal entire ; subcaudals 34-51 pairs. Brown above, very elegantly marked with opposite or alternating pairs of large ©-shaped, dark brown markings: edged with black and yellow and separated by narrow interspaces: of the ground-colour ; a series of smaller spots on each side; head dark brown above, with a {-shaped light marking, the transverse branch between the eyes, and a light line from the canthus rostralis- to the angle of the mouth; rostral and anterior labials white, the former with a dark brown vertical bar; chin and throat with dark. longitudinal streaks; belly whitish, spotted with brown or black. tail with two dark streaks below. Total length 1190 millim. ; tail 110. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. b. 9 (Se. 29,382; V.188, Brazil. 178; C. 34, 32). c, d-e. 3 en 31; V.179; S.Lorenzo,Rio Grande Dr.H.v. Ihering (C.]. C. 42) & yg. (Se. 29,33; do Sul. V.174,176; C. 45, ’38). 7: ee (Se. 29; Vv. "180; Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. 42). g os Ng 35; V. 181; Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [(C.]. h. oy ‘Ge. 31; V. 167; Rosaria, Argentina. E. W. White, Esq. : ©, 41), (C.J. ; t% @ (Sc. 833 V. 178; Argentina. Zoological Society. C. 41). 542. VIPERIDZ. 8. Lachesis neuwiedii. Bothrops neuwiedi, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 56, pl. xxii. fig. 1 (1824) ; Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1859, p. 275. leucurus, Wag]. J. c. fig. 2. Trigonocephalus neuwiedii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 154. Bothrops diporus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 347; Boettg. Zeuschr. ges. Naturw. lviii. 1885, p. 289; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H, (5) xviii. 1886, p. 438. atrox, part., Hensel, Arch. f. Nat, 1868, p. 334. Trigonocephalus (Bothrops) pubescens, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 157. Bothrops urutu, Lacerda, Lee. Ven, Serp. Brés. p. 11, pl. i. (1884). pine meridionalis, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1886, p. 699. Snout obtusely pointed, with strong, slightly raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad ; nasal divided ; upper head-scales small, imbricate, strongly keeled, largest on the snout; supraocular large, separated from its fellow by 6 to 9 longitudinal series of scales; internasals large and in contact with each other; a large canthal; two or three postoculars and a subocular, which is separated from the labials by two or three series of scales ; loreal pit separated from the labials; temporal scales keeled; 8 or 9 upper labials. Scales very strongly keeled, in 21-27 rows. Ventrals 168-182; anal entire; subcaudals 41-53. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown, black-edged spots ; the spots on the back forming a single series or a double alternating series; a lateral series of small spots; a dark spot on the snout, a pair of dark bands from the vertex to the nape, and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; all these markings may have a fine yellow edge; yellowish beneath, more or less profusely dotted or powdered with brown and largely spotted on the sides. Total length 770 millim. ; tail 120. Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina. a-b, c-f. & (Sc. 25, 25; S.Lorenzo,RioGrande Dr.H.v. Ihering [C.]. V. 171,176; 0.50,50), do Sul. 2 (Se. 25; V. 169; C. 47), & yg. (Sc. 25, 25, 27; V. 173, 182, 170; C. 42, 43, 49). g-h. 2 (Se. 25; V.177; Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.}. C. 41) & her. (Se. 27; V. 179; C. 47). tk. g (Se. 21; V.174; Paraguay. CG. 53) & Q (Se. 25; V.177; C. 41). lg (8c. 25; V. 176; Cordoba. E, W. White, Esq. C. 47). [C.]. 11. LAcHEsIS. 543 9. Lachesis ammodytoides. Bothrops ammodytoides, Leyhold, Escurs. Pamp. Argent. p. 80 (1878) ; Berg, An. Soc, Arg. (5) xix. 1885, p. 236; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 284. Rhinocerophis nasus, Garm. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. viii. 1881, p. 85. Bothrops nasus, Berg, Act. Ac. Cordoba, v. 1884, p. 96. —— patagonicus, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 697. Snout turned up and produced in a low wart, as in Vipera latastit. Rostral once and a half as deep as broad; nasal divided; upper head-scales small, imbricate, keeled; supraocular large, separated from its fellow by 8 or 9 series of scales; two series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales keeled; 9 or 10 upper labials, second separated from the loreal pit, third and fourth largest. Scales very strongly keeled, in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 149-160; anal entire; subcaudals 30-38 pairs. Pale brown above, with large square dark brown black-edged spots or cross-bands which may alternate and form a zigzag band; a dark streak behind the eye; belly yellowish, dotted with brown. Total length 460 millim.; tail 55. North-eastern Patagonia and, Argentina. a, & (Sc. 23; V.156; C.37). Rio de Cordoba, E. Fielding, Esq. [P.}. Argentina. b. Q (Se. 23; V. 149; C.?). Haslar Collection. 10. Lachesis xanthogrammus. Trigonocephalus xanthogrammus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, 110. p. 110. ? Bothrops quadriscutatus, Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 345. ; Head elongate; snout short. Rostral deep; nasal divided ; upper head-scales all smooth, in 9 or 10 longitudinal series between the large supraoculars ; four elongate shields in a row on the end of the snout; 7 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales not strongly keeled, in 27 rows. Ventrals 196 ; subcaudals 54. Very dark olive above, with a yellow zigzag line on each side from the head to the base of the tail, the apices of the open A’s usually meeting on the vertebral line, enclosing dorsal rhombic spaces and lateral triangles ; top of head black, with a pair of undulating yellow bands from the nape meeting in a A on the vertex ; a bright golden band round the end of the snout, involving the greater part of the supraocular shields, and extending to the nape, bounded below by a black band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; labials bright yellow; ventral shields black, paler in the middle, with yellow triangular spots at their extremities. Total length 1530 millim. ; tail 190. Pallatanga, E. Ecuador; Andes of Colombia (?). 544 VIPERID&. 11. Lachesis castelnaudi. Bothrops castelnaudi, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1511 (1854) ; Giuschen. in Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 75, pl. xv. (1855) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, \xii. i. 1870, p. 349. Atropos castelnautii, Dum. §& Bibr. ix. p. 888 (1854). Trigonocephalus castelnaudi, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p, 155, Bothriechis castelnaui, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 345, Bothriopsis quadriscutatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1861, p. 359; R. Blanch. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 348. castelnavii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 209. Thanatophis castelnaudi, Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 343. ? Thanatophis montanus, Posada-Arango, 1. c. p. 344. Head narrow and elongate; snout rounded, with well-marked canthus. Rostral as deep as broad; nasal divided; upper head- scales small, juxtaposed, smooth or feebly keeled on the snout and vertex; supraoculars very large, separated by five longitudinal series of scales; a pair of large internasals, in contact with each other, and a large canthal; two or three postoculars and a sub- ocular, separated from the labials by one series of scales; temporal scales keeled; 7 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales strongly keeled, in 25 or 27 rows. Ven- trals 230-253 ; anal entire; subcaudals 72-83, all or greater part single. Greyish or brown above, with dark or light-edged cross- bands or transverse series of spots ; head above with dark spots, one of which occupies the middle of the snout; a dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; belly brown or blackish, speckled and spotted with yellow. Total length 1220 millim.; tail 180. Brazil, Ecuador, Eastern Peru. a. Fl (Sc. 27; V.246; Moyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. 81). b-c. Yg. (Sc. 25,27; V. Sarayacu, Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley [C.]. 248, 280; C. 83, 73). 12, Lachesis nummifer. Atropos nummifer, Riipp. Verz. Senck. Mus., Amph. p. 21 (1845). Lachesis mutus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 18 (1849). Atropos mexicanus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1521, pl. Ixxxiii. b. (1854). Teleuraspis nummifer, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 339; Guinth. Amn. § Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 25, pl. iii. fig. C. Trigonocephalus nummifer, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 155. Bothriechis nummifera, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 345; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 191 (1895). —— mexicanus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 294. Bothrops nummifer, Jan, Elenco, p. 126 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 47, pl. v. fig. 2 (1875). affinis, Bocourt, Ann, Se. Nat. (5) x. 1868, p. 201. Bothriopsis aflinis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 209. mexicanus, Cope, i. ec. Bothriechis nummifera, var. notata, Fisch. Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 222, pl. viii. figs. 10-12, 11. LacHEsts. 545 Bothrops mexicanus, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 164. Trigonocephalus affinis, Garm. N. Amer. Rept. p. 125 (1883), Thanatophis nummifer, Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 343. Snout broad, rounded, with moderately marked canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep ; nasal divided, some- times separated from the rostral by a series of small scales; upper head-scales imbricate, strongly keeled, 7 to 10 in a series between the supraoculars, which are very narrow and sometimes broken up; no enlarged internasals ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales strongly keeled; loreal pit separated from the labials by small scales; 10 or 11 upper labials, fourth and fifth largest. Scales in 23-27 rows, strongly keeled, tubercularly on the back in the adult. Ventrals 121-134; anal entire; subcaudals 26-36, all or greater part single. Pale brown above, with a dorsal series of dark brown, black-edged, rhomboidal spots, which may be confluent and form a zigzag band; a lateral series of dark brown or black spots or vertical bars; a dark brown streak on the side of the head, from the eye to the angle of the mouth; whitish beneath, uniform or spotted with dark brown. Total length 800 millim. ; tail 90. Mexico and Central America. a-c. & (Se. 25; V.131; C. 35), 9 (Sc. 23; V. 134; 6. 26), & hor. (Se. 23; V. 182; C. 32). d. Hgr, (Sc. 25; V. 128; C. 32), e. Hgr. (Sc. 25; V. 133; C. 31 fi. 9 (Sc. 27, 27; V. 129, 128; 0.’ 83, '32) & hgr. (Se. 25, 27; V. Mexico. Mr. H. Finck [C.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.}. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Teapa, Tabasco. Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. Vera Paz, low forest. 121, 125; ©. 35, 33). k-l. Q (Se. 27, 25; V. 129, 129; C. 32, 80). m. 2 (Se. 25; V. 130; C. 32). n. 9 (Sc. 25; V. 126; C. 28). Hacienda, Rosa de Jericho, Nicaragua, 8250 ft. Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Monte Redondo, Costa Rica. 18. Lachesis godmani. Bothriechis godmanni, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 364, pl. vi. fig. G, and Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 190, pl. lvii. fig. A (1895). Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]. Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]. Mr. C. F. Underwood [C.}. Bothrops brammianus, Bocourt, Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) x. 1868, p. 201. Bothriopsis godmannii, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 208. . Bothrops (Bothriopsis) godmanii, F. Muill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 402, pl. iii. fig. B. VOL, III. Qn 546 VIPERID.&, Bothriechis scutigera, Fisch. Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 218, pl. viii. fig. 8 & 9. —— trianguligera, Fisch. Oster-Progr. Akad. Gymn, Hamburg, 1883, p. 18. Bothriopsis scutigera, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 88 cee trianguligera, Cope, 1. ¢. Snout broad, rounded, with well-marked canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; nasal divided ; upper head-scales imbricate, feebly or moderately keeled, subequal or with a few enlarged shield-like ones on the vertex; 5 to 7 scales ina transverse series between the supraoculars, which are large; two series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales keeled ; loreal pit separated from the labials by small scales; 9 or 10 upper labials, the three anterior smallest. Scales strongly and sharply keeled, in 21 rows. Ventrals 135-142; anal entire; subcaudals 22-34, single. Brown above, with or without a dorsal series of large darker spots and two lateral series of dark brown or blackish alternating spots, the lower on the ventrals and lost on the anterior half of the body; a dark streak from the eye to a little beyond the angle of the mouth ; belly yellowish, more or less speckled or spotted with grey or blackish. Total length 610 millim.; tail 60. Guatemala. a. 9 (V. 142; C. 28). Totonicapam. O. pia Esq. [C.]. (Type.) b-e. ¢ (V. 138, 185; C. Volcan de Fuego. O. Salvin & F. D. God- 27,28) & @ (V. 140, man, Esqs. [P.]. 143; C. 22, 26). 14. Lachesis lansbergii. Trigonocephalus lansbergii, Schleg. Mag. de Zool. 1841, Rept. pl. i. Teleuraspis lansbergii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 339. Bothrops lansbergi, Jan, Elenco, p. 127 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 47, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1875); Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 410, ophryomegas, Bocourt, Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) x. 1868, p. 201. Bosthadines lansbergii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1871, p. 207. Bothriopsis ophryomegas, Cope, 1. ¢. p. 208. Bothriechis lansbergii, part., Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 190 1895). ophryomegas, Giinth. 1. c. p. 191. Snout pointed, with sharp canthus, turned up at the end, as in Vipera aspis. Rostral once and one third to once and a half as deep as broad; nasal divided or semidivided; a pair of raised internasals ; upper head-scales small, imbricate, strongly keeled ; supraoculars large, separated by 5 to 7 series of scales ; two or three series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales keeled ; 8 to 10 upper labials, none bordering the loreal pit, fifth, fourth and fifth, or fifth and sixth largest. Scales strongly keeled, 11. LacHesis. 547 in 25 to 27 rows. Ventrals 152-159; anal entire; subcaudals 29-35, single. Yellowish brown, pale brown, or grey above, with a dorsal series of large dark brown black-edged rhomboidal or squarish spots, usually divided by a narrow yellow or orange verte- bral line ; sides of head blackish; belly powdered with brown, with or without whitish spots. Total length 575 millim. ; tail 70. From Southern Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. a. Q (Se. 25; V.152;C. Yucatan. 35 F. D, Godman, Esq, [P.]. Capt. Garth [P.]. b-d. Her. (Sc. 26, 25,27; Chiriqui. V. 159, 155, 155; C. 32, 34, 29). ef. do (Sc. 25, 25; V. Carthagena, Colombia. 153, 152; C.?, 35). 15. Lachesis brachystoma. Teleuraspis castelnaui, var. brachystoma, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 339. Bothriechis brachystoma, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 295. Bothrops lansbergii (non Schleg.), Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) a 1863, p. 850; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, . 703. : nasutus, Bocourt, Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) x. 1868, p. 202, and Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 410. Porthidium nasutus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 207, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 271. Bothriopsis brachystoma, Cope, 1. ce. p. 208. proboscideus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 150, pl. xxvii. fig. 3. Bothrops brachystoma, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 410. Thanatophis sutus, Posada-Arango, Bull, Soc. Zool. France, 1889, . 344, Bethnlochis lansbergii, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 190 (1895). Closely allied to the preceding, but snout much produced above, as in Vipera latastii, and rostral once and two thirds to twice as deep as broad. Scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 132- 150; subcaudals 27-38. Total length 500 millim. ; tail 50. Southern Mexico and Central America. a. 3 (V.144; C. 38). b-c. g (V. 139; C. 36) & 2 (V.142; C. 30). Tehuantepec. M. Sumichrast Si Vera Paz, low forest. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. d-f. 2 (V.139, 133; C. Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh 28, 28) & her. (V.1386; Jericho, Nicaragua, (C.]. C. 33). 3250 ft. g. Her. (V. 187; C. 28). Chontalez, Nicaragua. : A. Her. (V. 142; C. 27). Colombia. Mr. F. A. Simons (C.}. 2n2 548 VIPERID.£. 16. Lachesis monticola. Parias maculata, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1853, p. 392 (nec Gray, 1842). Trimeresurus monticola, Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. a 388, pl. xxiv. fig. B (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 445; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xv. (1874); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. tae p. 220 (1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 832, pl. lxxvi. figs. 4 & 5 (1879) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 426 (1890) ; Giinth. in Pratt, Snows of Tibet, p. 241 (1892). — convictus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 224, pl. xii. fig. 1; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 196. —— monticola, part., Anders. J. c. p. 194. Snout very short; eye very small. Rostral as deep as broad, or a little broader than deep; nasal divided or semidivided; upper head-scales small, subimbricate, smooth; supraocular large; inter- nasals separated from each other by one to three scales, rarely in contact; 5 to 8 scales in a transverse line between the supra- oculars; 3 or 4 rows of scales between the eye and the labials; 8 or 9 upper labials, second usually forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; temporal scales smooth. Scales feebly keeled, in some specimens almost smooth, in 21 to 25 rows (rarely 27). Ventrals 132-158; anal entire; subcaudals 21-57 pairs. Brown or yellowish above, with one or two dorsal series of large squarish dark brown spots, and a lateral series of smaller spots; head dark brown above, pale brown or yellowish on the sides, with a dark brown temporal streak; lower parts whitish, spotted or powdered with brown, the brown spots sometimes confluent into two stripes. Total length 740 millim, ; tail 115. Tibet, Himalayas (2000-8000 feet), hills of Assam, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula; Pinang, Singapore, Sumatra. ab. o oe 25; V.151, Kia-tiang-fu, 1070 A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. 158; C. 46, 40). ft., Prov. Sze- Chuen. ce. g (Se. 23; V. 140; Nepaul. B._H. Hodgson, ) 3 C. 43). Esq. [P.}. “ d. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 147; Sikkim, Sir J. Hooker (P.] 3 C. 47). Lo e. G (Se. 25; V. 152; Darjeeling. E. Blyth, Esq. [P.]. 38). S-l. go (Se. 23; V.141; Darjeeling. T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. C. 44), 2 (Se. 23; V. 144; ‘C. 36), & yg. (Se. 21, 28, 24, 22; V. 146, 145, 137, 141; C. 40, 49, 36, 45). m,n-p. & (Se. 23, 23; Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. V.141, 148; C. 33, 36), (P.}. her. 2 (Se. 238; V. 148; ©. 85), & yg. (Se. 93; V. 149; C38). qr. 2 (Sc. 25; V.151; Himalayas. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 38) & yg. (Se. 21; V. 143; C. 49). 11. LacuRsts, 549 5. g (Sc. 23; V.142; C. Mt. Mooleyit, 4500 ft. Col. Beddome [C.}. 6). t-v. gd (Sc. 25; V. 152; Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway [C.]. C. 49), 9 (Sc. 27; V. 5000 ft. 150; ©. 40), & ye. (Se. 25; V. 144; C. 48). aa ae 23; V.147; Toungyi,Shan States. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. . 45). z. 2 (Se. 28; V. 134; Singapore. C. 24). 17. Lachesis okinavensis. (Piarn XXV. fig. 2.) Trimeresurus okinavensis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) x. 1892, p. 302. Snout short, obliquely truncate, with sharp raised angle all round; eye rather small. Rostral deeper than broad; nasal divided; upper head-scales small, subimbricate, smooth on the snout and vertex ; 6 to 9 scales in a transverse series between the supraoculars, which are large, larger than the eye; a pair of scales separating the internasals in front; three series of scales between the eye and the labials ; temporal scales obtusely keeled; 7 or 8 upper labials, second entering the loreal pit, third largest. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 129-130; anal entire; subcaudals 43-47 pairs. Brown above, with darker cross-bands or alternating large quadrangular blotches; upper surface of head dark brown, sides blackish, with a lighter streak along the temple; lower parts brown, with a series of blackish blotches on each side, partly on the ventrals, partly on the two lower rows of scales. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 60. Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands. ay 2 (V. 180, 129; C. 43, Okinawa. My. Holst [C.]. (Types.) ). 18. Lachesis strigatus. Trimesurus strigatus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49 (1842), and Cat. p. 10 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 389, pl. xxiv. fig. D (1864); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvi. (1874); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 224 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 427 (1890). Atropos darwini, Dum. § Bibr. vii. pp. 1618 & 1520 (1854). Trigonocephalus (Cophias) neelgherriensis, Jerdon, Journ. As, Soc. Beng, xxii. 1854, p. 524. —— darwini, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 155. Bothrops darwini, Jan, Elenco, p. 126 (1863). Rostral broader than deep ; nasal entire ; upper head-scales small, smooth, juxtaposed; supraocular small, sometimes broken up; no enlarged internasals; 8 to 11 scales in a transverse line between the supraoculars; two or three small postoculars and a subocular, which is separated from the labials by one or two series of scales ;. the shield forming the anterior border of the loreal pit distinct from 550 VIPERIDE. the second labial; 9 or 10 upper labials. Scales feebly keeled, in 21 rows, Ventrals 136- 145; anal entire; subcaudals 31-40 pairs. Brown above, with dark brown spots, those of the median series often confluent into a zigzag band; a more or less distinct f-shaped light marking on the nape; a dark temporal band; belly whitish, spotted or marbled with grey or black; end of ‘ail yellow or reddish. Total length 480 millim.; tail 55. From the Bombay hills to the Anamallays and Nilgherries. a-b. 5 (V.186, 145; 0.39, Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. 40). [P.}. (Types.) . 9 (V. 189; C. 31). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.]. a. 2 (Vv. 138; C. 34). Anamallays, 4700 ft. W. ra Esq. e. 2 (V. 187; C. 382), Nilgherries. Lotd Dormer ted Sg-h. & (V. 142; 0.39), Nilgherries. Col. Beddome [C.]. @ (V. 187; C. 32), & yg. (V. 186; C.37). 19. Lachesis flavoviridis. Bothrops flavoviridis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 492; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 149. Trimeresurus riukianus, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 1880, : 118, pl. —. figs. 6- 10; Fisch. Jahrb. Hamb, Wiss. Anst. v. 1888, 20. — PY dayousdin Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 425 (1890). Rostral as deep as broad or broader than deep ; nasal divided or semidivided ; upper head-scales very small, flat, juxtaposed, smooth ; supraocular large ; one to four scales separating the internasals in front; 7 to 12 scales on a line between the supraoculars ; one to three small postoculars and a subocular, which is in contact with the third labial or separated by one series of scales; temporal scales smooth; 8 or 9 upper labials, second forming the anterior porder of the loreal pit. Scales rather feebly keeled, in 33 to 37 rows. Ventrals 222-231; anal entire; subcaudals "5 - 90 pairs. Pale brownish or greenish yellow above, ‘with black marblings or a dorsal series of dark rings or rhombs enclosing light spots of the ground-colour; head with longitudinal black streaks disposed symmetrically ; belly yellowish or greenish white, with more or less distinct dark spots or variegations. Total length 1215 millim. ; tail 220. Loo Choo Islands. a-b. 2 ae 35, 37; V. 225, 225; Okinawa. Dr. J. G. Fischer. 0, 76). ed. 3 (Se. 35; V. 231; C. 90) Okinawa. Mr. Holst [C.]. & yg. (Se. 33; V. 229: C. 79). es a ee (Sc. 33; V. 223; C. 86) Loo Chools. H. Pryer, Esq. [P.]. & ye. (Se. 35, 35; V. 222, 230; C.°83, 75). 11. LAacHEsis. 551 20. Lachesis cantoris. Trigonocephalus cantori, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xv. 1846, p. 377. Trimeresurus viridis, var. cantori, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1860, p. 110. —— labialis, Steindachn. Novara, Rept. p. 86, pl. iii. figs. 1 & 2 (1867); Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 221 (1876). — cantoris, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 222, pl. xii. figs. 3 & 4; Theod. 1. c. p. 222; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 428 (1890). Rostral as deep as broad ; nasal divided ; upper head-scales very small, smooth, almost granular ; supraocular shields distinct, narrow, sometimes divided into two; usually one or two scales between the internasals, 16 on a line between the supraoculars ; two small post- oculars and a subocular, which is separated from the labials by two or three rows of scales ; 13 upper labials, first confluent with nasal, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; third largest ; temporals small, feebly keeled. Scales rather feebly keeled, in 27 to 31 rows. Ventrals 174-184; anal entire; subecaudals 55-76 pairs. Pale brown or dull green above, with small dark spots; a whitish streak along the outer series of scales; whitish or greenish beneath, uniform or with the base of the ventrals dark ashy or blackish. : Total length 1020 millim.; tail 140. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. a. Q (Se. 31; V. 178; C. 61). Nicobars. ‘21. Lachesis jerdonii. Trimeresurus jerdonii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 283, pl. xxxiv.; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 427 (1890). xanthomelas, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 221, and in Pratt, Snows of Tibet, p. 241, pl. i. fig. A (1892). Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad; nasal divided ; upper-head scales very small, smooth, juxtaposed ; supra- oculars large, larger than the eye; one or more scales between the internasals, 7 to 9 on a line between the supraoculars ; one or two small postoculars and a subocular, which is in contact with the third labial, and usually separated from the fourth by a series of small scales; 7 or 8 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third and fourth large; a series of large, smooth temporals above the labials. Svales strongly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 164-188; anal entire; subcaudals 54-67 pairs. Greenish yellow or olive above, mixed with black ; a dorsal series of transverse rhomboidal reddish-brown spots edged with black ; head black above, with symmetrical yellow markings ; upper lip yellow, with one or more black spots, that on the second labial 552 VIPERID@. being constant; belly yellow, more or less profusely spotted or marbled with black. Total length 930 millim. ; tail 145. Khasi hills, Assam ; Tibet ; Upper Yang-Tse-Kiang. a~c, & (Sc. 21, 21; V. 175, Khasi hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 173; 0. 56, 58) & (Type.) (Se. 23; V. ne C. ?). d. Q (Se. 21; a C.54). Khasi hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. e-t. 53 (Se. 92, 2 21; V. 183, Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [P.]. 180; ©. 67, 63) & Q (Types of T. xanthomelas.) (Sc, 21, 21, 21; V. 186, 187, 185; C. 58, 60, 55). kd (®e. 21 3 V. 188 ; C.54), Kia-tiang-fu, A.E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. Prov. Sze- Chuen, 1070 ft. 22, Lachesis mucrosquamatus. Trigonocephalus mucrosquamatus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, P- Craspedocephalus elegans, Gray, Cat. p. 7 (1849). Trimereaurus mucrosquamatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 390 (1864) ; Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 411, pl. xxxi. ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 224 (1876) ; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888, p. 21; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 428 (1890). Rostral slightly broader than deep; nasal divided or semidivided ; upper head-scales extremely small, granular, smooth or obtusely keeled ; supraocular large, or rather narrow; 2 or 3 scales sepa- rating the internasals in front; 10 to 15 scales on a line between the supraoculars ; three to five minute postoculars and a subocular, which is separated from the labials by one, two, or three series of scales ; temporal scales smooth ; 7 to 11 upper labials, second form- ing the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales strongly keeled, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 183-218; anal entire; subcaudals 72-92 pairs. Brownish grey above, with a dorsal series of large blackish spots and a lateral series of smaller ones; a blackish streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts brownish, spotted ° with white. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 210. Formosa; Naga hills, Assam. a 3 (Se. 25; V. 200; Takow, Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. G. 92). b& 2 (Se. 27; V.214; Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq, [C.]. C. 76 ec. Yg. Me 27; V. 211; C. Formosa. Mr. Holst (C.]. C.8 d. Ye. hs. 27; V. 210; S. Formosa, Dr. J. G. Fischer. C. 90). ef. 3 Vea 25; V.187; —P Sir E. Belcher [P.]. C. 76) & YE. (Se. 25; V. 183; C. 72). 11. LAcHEsts. 553 23. Lachesis luteus. Trimeresurus luteus, Boetty. Jahresb. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1895, p. 111. Rostral broader than deep; nasal divided; upper head-scales very small, flat, juxtaposed, smooth on the snout and vertex; supra- ocular large; no internasals; 12 or 18 scales on a line between the supraoculars ; two or three small postoculars and a subocular, which is separated from the labials by two series of scales; temporal scales keeled ; 7 or 8 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third and fourth large. Scales strongly keeled, in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 182-186; anal entire; sub- caudals 72-74. Yellow above, with a dorsal series of rhomboidal dark, black-edged spots partly confluent into a zigzag band; a lateral series of small spots; a blackish streak on each side of the head behind the eye; yellowish beneath, spotted and clouded with grey. Total length 945 millim.; tail 164. Loo Choo Islands. ’ 24. Lachesis purpureomaculatus. Tegeprephalia purpureomaculatus, Gray, 112. Ind. Zool. i. pl. Ixxxi. (1832). Trimesurus purpureus, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 48 (1842), and Cat. p. 8 (1849). ’ —— carinatus, Gray, I. ec. ee ees puniceus (non Bote), Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 122 (1847). Trimesurus bicolor, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1853, p. 392. Cryptelytrops carinatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 340. Trimeresurus porphyraceus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix 1861, p. 110; Zheob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 64; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 218; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 222 (1876). ——carinatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 386 (1864); Stoliczka, lc. p. 217 ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xiii. (1874) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 221. —— purpureus, Grinth. lc. p. 387. —— andersonii, Theod. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 75; Sto- hezka, 1. c. p. 216, and Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 448; Fayrer, l. c. pl. xv.; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 224. - obseurus, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 76. —— monticola, part., Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 194. —— purpureomaculatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 429 (1890), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 86; W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lx. 1891, p. 248. Rostral as deep as broad; nasal entire; upper head-scales very small, juxtaposed, convex or obtusely keeled; supraocular very narrow, sometimes broken up; internasals small, separated from each other by one or two scales; 12 to 15 scales in a transverse line between the supraoculars ; two or three small postoculars and asubocular, which is separated from the labials by two or three 554 VIPERID ZH. series of scales; 11 to 13 upper labials, the fourth and succeeding small, the first usually fused with the nasal, the second (usually) forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; temporal scales keeled. Scales strongly keeled, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 160- 182; anal entire; subcaudals 55-76 pairs. Tail slightly prehensile. Dark purplish brown above, uniform or variegated with pale green ; flanks usually pale green or spotted with pale green, or with a series of pale spots on the outer series of scales; olive or greenish white below, uniform or spotted with black; some specimens uniform green. Total length 980 millim.; tail 150. Himalayas, Bengal, Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Andamans, Nicobars, Pinang, Sumatra. A. Uniform purplish brown to blackish above. a. 2 (Se. 27; V. 163; C. 59). Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type.) b. 3 (Se. 27; V. 162; 0.75). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. e. g (Sc. 25; V.160; C. 74). Singapore. Dr. Collingwood [P.]. d. 2 (Se. 27; V.174; C.57). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. e. ¢ (Se, 25; V.160; C. 76), India. J. Inskip, Esq. [P.]. (Type of 7. carinatus.) B. Dark purplish brown or blackish, variegated with pale green. . © (Sc. 27; V. 178; C. 63). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 6. 2 (Se. 25; V.170; C. 58). Yumeekee, Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Mergui. a C. Uniform green above. a. 9 (8e.25; V.168; C. 61). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. (Type of 7. bicolor.) b-c. 9 (Se. 25; V.162; C.59) Rangoon, Ww. [C.] heobald, Esq. & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 163; C. 66.) d. Hgr. (Se. 25; V. 160; Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. C. 56). a e. 2 (Se.25; V.164; C. 52), Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. 25. Lachesis gramineus. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. ix. (1796) & ii. pl. xx. (1801). Coluber gramineus, Shaw, Zool. ili. p. 420 (1802). Vipera viridis, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 112 (1803). Trimeresurus viridis, Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, p. 209, pl. lvi. fig. 2; Gray, Cat. p. 7 (1849), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1853, p. 391. Cophias viridis, Merr. Tent. p. 155 (1820). Trigonocephalus viridis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 844, pl. xix. figs. 12 & 13. — erythrurus, Cantor, Proc, Zool, Soc, 1839, p. 31. 11. LAcHEsIs. 555 Trimesurus albolabris, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 48 (1842), and Cat. p. 8. wn gramineus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 119 47). Trimesurus elegans, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1858, p. 891. Bothrops viridis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1512 (1854). Trimeresurus gramineus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 385 (1864) ; Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 216; Anders. Proc, Zool, Soc. 1871, p. 194; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 219 (1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 828 (1879); Doettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 50; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 429 (1890) ;_ W. Selater, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 248; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 135. —— erythrurus, Giinth. 1. e. p. 886 ; Stoliczka, l. c. p. 217; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xiv. (1874); Theob. 1. v. p. 220; F. Miill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 280. —— mutabilis, Stoliczka, 1. c. p. 219, pl. xii. fig.5; Theobd.7. c. p. 223. Snout with distinct canthus ; eye small or rather small. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep ; nasal usually entire ; upper head-scales small, smooth, imbricate or subimbricate, 8 to 13 in a transverse series between the supraoculars, which are narrow (rarely divided); internasals in contact or separated by one or two scales; two or three postoculars and a subocular; latter sometimes in contact with the third labial ; usually one or two, rarely three, series of scales between the subocular and the labials; temporal scales smooth ; 8 to 12 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third largest. Scales nearly smooth or more or less distinctly keeled, in 21 (rarely 19 or 23) rows. Ventrals 145-175; anal entire ; subcaudals 53-75. Tail more or less distinctly prehensile. Bright green above, rarely olive or yellowish, with or without ill-defined blackish cross-bands ; usually a light, white or yellow streak along the outer row of scales; end of tail often yellow or red ; lower parts green, yellow, or whitish. Total length 870 millim, ; tail 150. South-eastern Asia. ab. Her. ¢ (V. 161; Ladak. — Strachey, Esq. [P.]. C. 75) & hgr. 9 (V. 162; C. 49). e. fb (V. 167; C. 76). Bimtal, 4400 ft. Dr. Cantor. d-e. 9 (V. 164; C. 58) Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. ‘ her. 9 (V. 159; [P.]. . 61), Fh, i. _ (V. 165, 164; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. C.?, 64), 9 (V. 161; C. 58), & yg. (V. 147; C. 65). k. & (V. 157; C. 57). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. 4, Yg. (V.168; C. 61). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. (Type of 7. elegans.) m-n. & (V. 158, 166; Himalayas. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 62, 59). o. Hgr. 9 (Se. 19; V.149; Khasi hills. Dr. Griffith. C. 56). 556 p. & (V.161; ©. 69). VIPERID.E. Khasi hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. g. Yg. (V. 169; C. 64). Ganges Delta. Dr. Cantor. (Type of TL. erythrurus.) rv, Head of adult. Ganjam. Col. Beddome [C.]. 8, Hee d (V. 171,172; Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. . 70, 70). u. Hgr. g(V.154; 0.63). Mudmalley,Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.]. v. cu &o (V. 145; Brumagherry hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. . 53). w. Yg. (V.175; 0.56). Cuddapa hills. Col. Beddome [C.}. az. Yg. (V. 170; C.59). Shevaroy hills. Col. Beddome oy y. & (V.169; C. 67). Near Ningpo. 2-6,e-¢. ¢ (V. 163, 159, Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 156, 162, 155, 152,151; C. 67, 71, 68, 68, 65, 66, 60). n oi (V. 162; C. 70). Hong Kong. HELMS, ‘Challenger.’ 6. 2 (V. 164; C. 51). Hong Kong. J. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. wx. Her. go (V. 154; China. J. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. . fy & 9 (V. 160; (Types of Z. albolabris.) A, we fd (V. 167; C. 71) Lao Mts. M. Mouhot [C.]. & 2 (V. 168; C. 63). vy. 2 (V.170; C. 53). Pachebon. M. Mouhot [C.]. é. Her. @ (C. 158; C.?). Siam. M. Mouhot let o. @ (V. 162; C. 52). Siam. W. H. Newman, Esq. m. Yg. (V. 162; C. 66). Toungyi, 8. Shan States. [P.]. E. W, Oates, Esq. [P.]. p, 7 2 (V. 158; C. 59) Moulmein, Tenas- R. C. Beavan, Esq. . her. 2 (V. 164; serim, [P.]. . 51), on ee (V.159; C.72). Mergui. Prof. Oldham [P.]. v-p. o (V. 165; C. 72) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & 2 (V. 166; C. 58). x fo (V.161; C. 71). Sumatra. H. PI Forbes, Esq. y-o. 5 (V. 162; C. 73) Java. ttn, Esq. [P.]. & 9 (V. 163; C. 51). a'-c'. 3 (V. 162, 160; Java. C. 65, 73) & her. 2 (V. 164; C. 62). d'. 2 (V. 158; C. 59). Java. e’. 9 (V. 163; C. 58). Timor. f'. Skull. Siam. 26. Lachesis flavomaculatus. (Prate XXV. fig. 3.) Megera flavomaculata, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49 (1842). —— ornata, Gray, J. e. variegata, Gray, l. c. p. 50. Parias flavomaculatus, Gray, Cat. p. 11 (1849). ornata, Gray, l. ¢. variegata, Gray, 1. ¢. Trimeresurus flavomaculatus, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 79. schadenbergi, Fisch. Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. ii. 1886, p. 116. 11. LacHests. 557 Snout with strong canthus, obliquely truncate, more prominent than in LZ. gramineus; eye small. Rostral as deep as broad; nasal entire or divided; upper head-scales small, smooth, imbricate, 8 to 10 in a transverse series between the supraoculars, which are narrow ; two or three scales separating the internasals in front ; two or three postoculars and a subocular, which is in contact with the third or third and fourth labials; temporal scales smooth; 9 to 11 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third largest. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 21 rows. Ventrals 170-187 ; anal entire; subcaudals 55-73. Tail prehen- sile. Bright green or olive above, uniform or spotted or barred with reddish brown ; a series of bright yellow or salmon-pink spots on the outer row of scales; green, olive, or greenish yellow beneath ; end of tail sometimes red. Total length 1060 millim.; tail 160. Philippine Islands. a,b. & (V. 184; C. 63) Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. & her. d (V. 178; (Types.) O. 65). c. Her. g (V. 182; C. 73). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type of MZ. ornata.) d. Yg. (V.178; C.61). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type of M. variegata.) eo (V.173; C. 64). Placer, N.E. Min- A. Everett, Esq. [C.}, danao. f-. 9 (V. 187; C. 56) & Luzon, Dr, A. B. Meyer [C.]. yg. (V. 170, 181, 177; C. 61, 55, 61). L. flavomaculatus should perhaps be regarded as a variety of L. gramineus, 27. Lachesis sumatranus. Coluber sumatranus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 1822, p. 334, Trigonocephalus formosus, Schleg. in Temm. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Ind., Rept. p. 52, pl. vii. (1844). Bothrops formosus, Jan, Elenco, p. 126 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 47, pl. v. fig. 1 (1875) ; Modigliani, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vii. 1889, p. 121. Trimeresurus formosus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvi. 1885, p. 388. ' Bothrops sumatranus, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. viii. 1886, p. 52, pl. ii. fig. 6. —— hageni, v. Lidth de Jeude, |. c. p. 53. Head rather elongate. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; nasal entire or divided; upper head-scales rather large, flat, smooth, imbricate or subimbricate, largest on the snout, 4 to 9 in a transverse series between the supraoculars, which are large; two or three postoculars and a subocular, which is in contact with the third or third and fourth labials; temporal scales smooth ; 9 to 11 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third largest. Scales feebly keeled, in 558 VIPERID&. 21 rows. Ventrals 180-191; anal entire; subcaudals 58-82, Tail prehensile. Bright green above, the scales usually black-edged, with or without black cross-bands ; two series of small whitish spots may be present along the back; a more or less distinct whitish or yellow streak usually present on each side, along the outer row of scales; ventrals yellowish or green, with or without fine black edges ; end of tail red. Total length 1100 millim. ; tail 180. Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan. a,b. 2 (V.187; C. 69) & Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. her. ¢ (V. 180; C.77). e. fg (V. 180; C. 76). Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C. ]. d. Yg. (V. 186; C. 67). EE. CoastofSumatra, Mrs. Findlay [P.]. e-h. 3 (V.189; C.72)& Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. 2 (V. 190, 191, 188; CG 66, 66, 63) z Yg. (V. 187; C. 58). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. & Ye. (V. 187; C. 82). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 28. Lachesis anamallensis. ? Trigonocephalus (Cophias) malabaricus, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xxii. 1854, p. 528. ? Trigonocephalus (Sophias) wardii, Jerdon, lc. p. 524. Trimeresurus anamallensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 387, pl. xxiv. fig. C (1864) ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xiv. (1874); Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 220 (1876); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, vii. 1884, p. 290; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 430 (1890) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 92. Rostral slightly broader than deep; nasal entire; upper head- scales small, smooth or obtusely keeled, imbricate ; supraocular shield rather large, broken up into two or three; internasals in contact or separated by one scale; 7 to 9 scales on a line between the supraoculars; two or three postoculars and a subocular; the latter shield separated from the fourth and succeeding labials by two rows (rarely one) of scales; 9 or 10 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third largest; temporal scales obtusely keeled. Scales feebly keeled, in 21 (rarely 19, spec. 7) rows. Ventrals 138-158; anal entire; subcaudals 44-58 pairs. Tail prehensile. Green, olive, yellowish, or reddish brown above with more or less well-defined black or reddish-brown spots; usually a series of yellow spots along each side of the belly, and a black temporal band; lower parts pale green, olive or yellow, or brown with yellow spots; tail usually black and yellow. Total length 730 millim.; tail 110. Anamallay and Nilgherry hills, 8. India. a-b,c,d,e,f,g. 3 (V. 158, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 148; C. 50, 56), 2 (V. (Types.) 150, 145, 149; C. ?, 53, 51), & yg. (V. 148, 149; C. 49, 47). 11. LAcHEsis. 559 h-m. & (V. 155, 143,149; = Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. C.58, 53, 55) & 9(V. 152, 139; C. 47, 52). n. Yg. (V. 145; C. 49). Nilgherries, Col. Beddome [C.]. o. 9 (V. 188; C. 44). Wynad. Col, Beddome et 29. Lachesis trigonocephalus. ait capite-triangulatus, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 112, 182, pl. v. fig. 2 (1789). Vipera trigonocephala, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 173 (1808). Cophias trigonocephalus, Merr. Tent. p. 156 (1820). nigromarginatus, Avhl, Beitr. p. 90 (1820). Trigonocephalus nigromarginatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 541, pl. xix. figs. 14 & 15 (1837). Megera trigonocephala, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49 (1842), and Cat. p. 12 (1849). —— olivacea, Gray, ll. ce. Bothrops nigromarginatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1515 (1854). Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 390 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 228 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 481 (1890) ; Boetty. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 98. Snout very short. Rostral broader than deep; nasal entire or semidivided ; upper head-scales smooth, imbricate; internasals large, in contact with each other, sometimes fused to one shield; supraocular large, divided into two; 4 to 6 scales in a transverse series between the supraoculars ; two or three small postoculars and a subocular, the latter shield usually separated from the labials by one series of scales; 9 or 10 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 145-170, the last notched or divided into two; anal entire; subcaudals 53-67 pairs. Tail prehensile. Green above, uniform or with black markings, which may form wavy dorsal bands; a black temporal streak ; upper surface of head with or without a network of black bands; ventrals yellowish, uniform or green at the base; end of tail usually black. Total length 790 millim.; tail 130. Ceylon. a-d. § (Sc. 17; V. 158; C. Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. 60) & 2 (Se. 19, 17, 17; P.}. V. 152, 149, 148; C. 53, 58, 59). e. 9 (Sc. 19; V. 153; C. 55), Ceylon. ae Gascoigne [P.]. f. ue (Sc. ‘7; Vv. 149; C. Ceylon. BS Barnes, Esq. i (Se. 19, 19; V. 146, Ceylon. ae Layard [P.]. "150; C. 55, 60). -k, 1, m. 2 (Be. 19, 19, 19; Ceylon. V. 147, 147, 152; C. 58, 55, 66) & her. (Sc. 17; V. 147; C. 60). 560 VIPERID&. n-o. g (Se. 17; V.145; C. Punduloya, 4000ft. KE. E. Green, Esq. 59) & yg. (Se. 19; V. 145; [P.]. . 58), p-y. & (Se. 17; V. 157; C. ——? (Types of M. olivacea.) 68) & 2 (Sc. 19; V.144; C. 56). r. Skull. Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. 30. Lachesis macrolepis. Trimeresurus macrolepis, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1868; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 431 (1890); Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 93. Peltopetor macrolepis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 391, pl. xxiii. fig. C (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 225 (1876). Rostral a little broader than deep; nasal entire or divided; upper head-scales very large, imbricate, smooth; supraoculars very large, separated anteriorly by one scale, posteriorly by three ; inter- nasals in contact or separated by one scale; two postoculars and a subocular, the latter in contact with the third and fourth labials; 7 or 8 upper labials, the second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales very large, keeled, outer much smaller than dorsals, in 13 to 15 rows. Ventrals 184-148; anal entire; subcaudals 48- 56 pairs. Tail prehensile. Uniform bright green or olive above; a whitish line along the outer row of scales; pale greenish beneath, Total length 680 millim.; tail 120. Anamallay and Pulney hills, 8. India. a,b,c. & (Sc. 13,18; V. 134, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 138; C. 58, 56) & yg. (Se. (Types.) 15; V. 185; C. 52). d. 2 (Sc. 15; V.140; C. 48). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. 31. Lachesis puniceus. Cophias punicea, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 561. Trigonocephalus puniceus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 545, pl. xix. figs. 10 & 11 (1837), and Abbild. p. 118, pl. xxxviii. (1844). Atropos acontia (non Laur.), Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49 (1842), and Cat. p. 13 (1849). puniceus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1519 (1854), Atropophis puniceus, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1871, p. 41. —— borneensis, part., F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii, 1887, . 282. itm enecuius puniceus, Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nut. 1892, p. 186. Snout short, obliquely truncate, with sharp raised angle all round; eye rather small. Rostral as broad as deep or a little deeper than broad; upper head-scales small, juxtaposed or sub- imbricate, smooth on the snout and vertex; 12 to 14 scales in a transverse series between the supraoculars, which are narrow or broken up into pointed, erect scales; two pairs of internasals ; two to four postoculars and one or two suboculars, separated from the labials by two or three series of scales; temporal scales smooth or 11. LacHEsts. 561 obtusely keeled; 10 to.12 upper labials, second usually separated from the shield in front of the loreal pit, third largest; first lower labial divided into two, forming a pair of additional chin-shields behind the symphysial. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals feebly and obtusely keeled. Ventrals 144-176; anal entire; subcaudals 38- 57. Tail prehensile. Grey, brown, or red above, with more or less distinct dark spots sometimes confluent to form a wavy dorsal band ; a light streak on each side of the head, behind the eye; belly powdered with dark brown, usually with a lateral series of yellowish- white spots; end of tail red or reddish. Total length 640 millim.; tail 90. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Natuna Islands. a. eae (Se. 21; V.150; Java. Leyden Museum. . 38). b-d. g (Se. 23, 28; V. Willis Mts. Kediri, Baron v. Huegel([C.]. 172, 176; C. 56, 57) Java, 5000 ft. & 9 (Se, 23; V. 162; C. 46). e-f. b (Se. 23; V.166; Borneo. Sir H. Low [P.]. C.56) & Q (Sc. 23; V. 166; C. 43). g: Pas (Sc. 21; V. 162; Great Natuna Id. CO. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 49 ). h, a a 21; V. 150; Pulu Laut, Natuna Ids. C. Hose, Esq. [C.}. 38). 32. Lachesis borneensis. Atropophis borneensis, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1871, p. 41. -— borneensis, part., F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 283. Bothrops sandakanensis, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xv. 1898, p. 256, fig. Closely allied to the preceding, but snout more prominent, strongly raised above the nostrils, upper head-scales larger (10 or 11 between the supraoculars), and second upper labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ven- trals 152-168; anal entire; subcaudals 43-65. Total length 770 millim.; tail 105. Borneo, Sumatra. a. On a 21; V. 162; Pankalan Ampat, Rajah Brooke [P.]. Sarawak. o = (Se. 21; V.166; Baram R., Sarawak. OC. Hose, Esq. [P.]. C. 53) & 2 (Se. 21; V.161; C. 45). d, e. Her. (Se. 21; V. Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. OC. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 157; 0. 56) & yg. ‘Se. 19; V. 152; C. 43). ; i e (Se. 21; V. 168; Paitan,N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.] - 65). VOL. III. 20 562 VIPERIDZ. 33. Lachesis wagleri. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. Ixviii. fig. 4 (1735). Cophias wagleri, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 561. : : Trigonocephalus wagleri, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 542, pl. xix, figs. 16-18 (1837). Trimesurus maculatus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 48 (1842), and Cat. p. 8 (1849) ; Motley & Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 48 (1855). subannulatus, Gray, Ji. cc. pp. 48 & 9; Motley & Dillwyn, 1. ¢. p. 44, pl. — —— philippensis, Gray, U. ce. pp. 48 & 10. sumatranus (non Raffles), Gray, il. ce. pp. 48 & 10. Trigonocephalus sumatranus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 121, pl. x. fig. 9 (1847). Trimesurus formosus (non Schleg.), Gray, Cat. p. 10. Tropidolemus hombroni, Guichen. in Dumont d’Urville, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., Rept. p. 28, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1858); Dum. § Brbr. vii. p. 1527 (1854); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 29. wapleri, Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 1524; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 18838, p. 290. Trigonocephalus hombroni, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 155. Tropidolemus subannulatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 691. philippinensis, Peters, 7. c. Trimeresurus wagleri, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p.388 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 1878, p. 126; Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soe, 1881, p. 224. subannulatus, var. immaculatus, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1872, p. 42. Tropidolemus subannulatus, var. celebensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 584. Bothrops wagleri, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 155; v, Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. viii. 1886, p. 44. Tropidolemus sp., F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 281. Head very broad, little longer than broad; snout very short and broad, with more or less distinct canthus; eye very small. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; nasal entire; upper head-scales small, strongly imbricate, keeled; supraocular usually narrow or broken up into scales ; 7 to 13 scales across between the supraoculars ; internasals more or less developed or indistinct ; one, two, or three postoculars and a subocular ; latter separated from the labials by one or two series of scales, rarely in contact with the third labial; temporal scales keeled; 8 to 10 upper labials, second not entering the loreal pit, third very large; gular scales obtusely keeled. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 19 to 27 rows. Ventrals 127-154 ; anal entire; subcaudals 45-55, Tail prehensile. Green, with darker or lighter markings, black and yellow, or nearly entirely black. Total length 980 millim.; tail 150. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Green above, with white cross-lines edged behind with blue or purple, or with two dorsal series of small spots or cross-bars of the same colour; a white line on each side of the head, 11, LAacHEs!s. 563 passing through the eye, edged below with blue or purple ; belly white or pale green, with or without black edges to the ventrals; end of tail usually red or reddish brown. (C. wagleri, Boie.) a, Yg. (Se. 25; V. 145; C. 49). b nee (Sc. 23; V. 142; C. ?). ce Her. ¢ (Se. 23; V. 151; ©. 46). d. Yg. (Se. 21; V. 146; C. 50). e 9 (Sc. 23; V. 137; C.5 51). f. Yg. (Sc. 21; V. 146; 0.54 . 54), g, h, ik. Q (Se. 25, 25; V. 148, 141; C. 50, 48) & yg. (Se. 23, 21; V. 154, 145; C. 55, 538). 4 Her. ¢ (Se. 21; V. 146; C. 51). m,n. Ye. (Se. 21, 21; V. 146, 143; C. 51, 50). o. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 141; C. 58). p. Her. 2 (Se. 25; V. 145 ; C. 48). q. Her. 3 (Se. 23; V. 148; C. 50). r. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 147; C. 50 , 50). s. ¥g. (Sc. 25; V. 140; C. 62 t. Her. S (Se. 21; V, 152; C. 53). u-v. 2 (Se. 25; V. 140; ©. 49) & yg. (Se. 24; V. 138; C. 49). w. Her. 2 (Sc. 28; V. 141; C. 49). v-y. Her. 9 (Se. 28, 22; V. 181, 189; C. 49, 45). 2z-B. Yg. (Sc. 20, 21, 22; V. 180, 127, 180; C. 45, 46, 47). y-8. Q (Se. 25; V. 141; C. 47) & yg. (Se. 28; V. 185; C. 47). «, 9 (Se, 23; V. 142; C. 47). Thaiping, Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.]. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke Eh : (Type of T. maculatus.) Singapore. Capt. Gascoigne [P.]. Sumatra, Leyden Museum. E. Coast of Sumatra. Mrs, Findlay [P.]. Labuan, L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.3i Sarawak. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. Borneo. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. Borneo. Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Sandakan, Brit. N. Borneo. Sinkawang, Borneo. Douglas Oator, Esq. Pp [¥.]. Dr. Bleeker. (Tropido- lemus schlegelit, Blkv.) Sirhassen, Natuna A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Ids. Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Puerta Princesa, A. Everett, Esq, (C.]. Palawan.” Butuan, N. Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Albay,S.E. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. (C.]. (Types of 7. subannulatus.) . Celebes. Leyden Mus. B. Green above, with small black spots or cross-bands; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; yellow beneath, with or without black edges to the ventrals, 202 . 564 VIPERID. with a series of small black spots on each side; end of tail red. (2. hombroni, Guich.) a, Her. § (Se. 19; V. Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 134; C. 47). (Type of T. phihippensis.) b. @ (Se. 25; V. 146; Sangir Tds. Dr. A. B. Meyer (C.]. C. 48). C. Yellowish green above, the scales edged with dark bottle-green ; dark cross-bands of the latter colour: some specimens dark bottle-green above, with scattered yellowish-green dots; ven- trals yellow, edged with dark green, with a series of round dark green spots on each side, or dark green with yellow spots ; end of tail dark green or blackish. a, e a 25; V. 146; Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. b, ¢. Q (Se. 25, 25; V. Sarawak. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. 138, 144; C. 47, 49). : d. e (Se. ‘25 ; Vv. 143; Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. 51). e. 2 (Sc. 27; V. 148; Rejang R.,Sarawak. Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]. C. 52). fh g he Q (Se. 27, 25, Baram R., Sarawak. ©. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 95; V. 149, 144, 144; C. 49, 48, 51). D. Green above, with the scales black-edged, with bright yellow black-edged cross-bands, or black with yellow cross-bands ; head black, spotted with yellow; belly bright yellow or yellow and green, ventrals black-edged ; end of tail black. a. 9 (Sc. 23; V. 146; Pinang. Dr. Cantor, C. 50). b. e ( ce. 26; V. 145; Pinang. Capt. Hay [P.]. ey c. 9 (Se. 25; V. 145; Malacca, D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. C. 53). [P. d,e. Q (Se. 26, 25; V. Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]}. 148, 143; C. 4, 49), tS 2 ’(Se. 05; Vv. 144; Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. C. 49). gy: na oe 25; V. 148; Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C.]. if Tier "9 (Sc. 25; V. E.Coast of Sumatra. Mrs, Findlay [P.]. 143; 0. 52), . a Hor. @ (Se. 25; V. Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 140; ©. 55). k. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 144; ——? Zoological Society. C.51). E. A fifth, most remarkable colour-variety has lately been discovered at Minahasa, Celebes, by the Drs. Sarasin.—Green above, with large brick-red, black-edged spots; white beneath, with black spots and marblings powdered with brick-red ; end of tail red, 11. LAcHEsIs. 565 34. Lachesis bilineatus. Conn bilineatus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 483, and Abbild. Tigonecephalus bilineatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 540, pl. xix. figs, 7 & 8 (1887); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 673, Craspedocephalus bilineatus, Gray, Cat. p. 7 (1849). Bothrops bilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1514 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 47, pl. i. figs. 2 & 3 (1875). Trigonocephalus (Bothrops) arboreus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 157. Snout rounded, with sharp, somewhat raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad; nasal divided or semidivided; upper head-scales small, imbricate, keeled, 5 to 8 in a transverse series between the supraocular shields, which are very large; internasal shields large and in contact with each other, followed bya large canthal; two or three postoculars and one or two suboculars, separated from the labials by one series of scales; temporal scales keeled; 7 or 8 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales strongly keeled, in 27-35 rows. Ventrals 198-218; anal entire; subcaudals 59-71, all or greater part in pairs. Tail prehensile. Green above, uniform or speckled with black; a yellow lateral streak or series of spots running along the outer row of scales; belly white ; end of tail reddish. Total length 840 millim.; tail 125. Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador. a 6 (Se. 29; V. 211; Bahia. Dr. Wucherer [C.]. C. 68). b. 2 (Se. 33; V. 207; Bahia. Zoological Society. C. 59). e Q@ (Se. 29; V. 193; Campolican, Bolivia. C. 65) d. @ (Se. 27; V. 205; Moyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. C. 68 e Yg. (Se. 27; V. 201; Canelos, Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley (C.]. C. 66). f. 2 (Se. 27; V. 201; W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. C. 62). 35. Lachesis undulatus. Trigonocephalus (Atropos) undulatus, Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 157, and Prodr. pl. E (1859). Atropos undulatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 127 (1863). Teleuraspis undulatus, Garm, N. Am. Kept. p. 126 (1883). , Ophryacus undulatus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, . 38. Betheops undulatus, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 187 (1895). Snout short, rounded, with well-marked canthus. Rostral once and a half to twice as broad as deep; nasal divided; upper head- scales very small, juxtaposed or subimbricate, 14 to 20 across from eye to eye; no supraocular shield, but a long erect horn-like scute above the.eye; internasals small ; some of the scales on the canthus 566 VIPERID 2. rostralis raised, forming a serration ; three series of scales between the eye and the labials; loreal pit separated from the labials by small scales; temporal scales keeled; 11 upper labials. Scales in 21 rows, dorsals strongly or very strongly keeled. Ventrals 149- 171; anal entire; subcaudals 41-49 pairs. Tail prehensile. Olive or brown above, sometimes speckled with black, with a dorsal series of large rhomboidal dark spots or an undulous or zigzag band; a light, dark-edged streak from the eye to above the angle of the mouth ; belly yellowish or brownish, speckled or powdered with blackish ; a more or less distinct series of light spots along each side close to the ventrals. Total length 570 millim. ; tail 75. Mexico. a. Ye. (V. 149; C. 42). Orizaba. b-c. 9 (V. 166; C. 45) Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]; & yg. (V. 163; C. 49). F. D. Godman, Esq. Pl. d. & (V. 150; ©. 41). Oaxaca. w'Sihte [C.]. 36. Lachesis lateralis. Bothriechis lateralis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 674. Bothrops lateralis, F. Miil?, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 401. Snout rounded, with moderately marked canthus. Rostral much broader than deep; nasal divided; upper head-scales moderate, imbricate, keeled, largest on the snout and vertex, 7 across between the supraoculars, which are narrow; internasals small, with smaller scales between them; two series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales keeled; 9 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, fourth and fifth largest. Scales rather strongly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 171; anal entire; subcaudals 59, single. Tail prehensile. Green above and below, with a yellow line running along the outer row of scales ; back with some black-and-yellow short cross-bars. Total length 485 millim. ; tail 75. Costa Rica. : a, Her. (Se. 23; V. 171; Costa Rica. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. C. 59). 37. Lachesis bicolor. Bothrops bicolor, Bocourt, Ann. Se. Nat. (5) x. 1868, p. 201; F Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Busel, vii. 1882, p. 155. —— (Bothriechis) bernouillii, F. Mil. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 399, pl. iii. fig. A. Bothriechis bicolor, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 189 (1895). Closely allied to Z. lateralis, but upper head-scales smaller (10 or 11 longitudinal series between the supraoculars), and 10 or 11 upper labials not very unequal in size, the second not entering the loreal pit. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 164-167; subcaudals 62-67, single. Uniform green above, yellowish beneath. 11. Lacresrs. 567 Total length 375 millim. ; tail 60. Guatemala. a, Yg. (V. 166; C. 67). 8. Augustin, W. Paris Mus. [E.]. Guatemala. (One of the types.) 38. Lachesis schlegelii. Trigonocephalus schlegelii, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss, Gotting. iii. 1846, p. 13, pl. i. figs. 5 & 6. Lachesis nitidus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 414, pl. xx. fig. C. Teleuraspis schlegelii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 338, and Journ. Ac. Philad (2) viii. 1876, p. 149, pl. xxvii. fig. 2; R. Blanch. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 348. —— nuitida, Cope, Proc. Ac. Plilad. 1860, p. 345. Bothrops schlegeli, Jan, Elenco, p. 127 (1863), and Icon. Gién. 47, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1875). —— (Teleuraspis) nigroadspersus, Steind. Sitzd. Ak. Wien, Ixii. i. 1870, p. 348, pl. viii. Teleuraspis nigroadspersus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 126 (1883). Bee ae torvus, Posada-Arango, Bull, Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 345. Bothriechis schlegelii, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 189 (1895). Snout rounded, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or broader than deep; nasal entire or semidivided ; upper head- scales more or less strongly keeled, rarely smooth on the snout and vertex; a large supraocular shield, separated from the eye by small scales, two or three of which may be enlarged, erect, and horn-like ; 5 to 9 longitudinal series of scales between the supraoculars ; two or three series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal ‘scales keeled; 8 or 9 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third or fourth largest. Scales more or less strongly keeled, in 19-25 rows. Ventrals 188-162; anal entire; subcaudals 47-62, single. Tail prehensile. Coloration very variable. Green or olive above, speckled or spotted with black, or with pinkish, reddish, or purplish, black-edged spots or cross-bars; a series of yellow spots usually present on each side close to the ventral shields; belly yellow, spotted with green, or green speckled with black and yellow, or variegated yellow, olive, purple, and black ; end of tail usually red. Total length 600 millim.; tail 115. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador. a. Hgr. (Se. 21; V.159; Guatemala. F. D. Godman, Esq. C. 62), [P.}. b-d. $ (Se. 21,23; V.157, Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh 155; C. 57, 56) & @ Jericho, Nicaragua. (C.]. (Se. 28; V. 154; ©. 50). e. nee (Se. 23; V. 155; Matagalpa, Nicaragua. ae E. Rothschuh 60 . 60). [C.]. f-h. Hgr. (Se. 23; V.147; Chontalez, Nicaragua. R. A. Rix, Esq. [C.]; C.49) & ye. (Se. 25, 25; W. M. Crowfoot, V. 151, 150; C, 48, 54). Esq. [P.]. 568 VIPERIDE. i, k-l. Hgr. (Sc. 23; V. Costa Rica. 157; OC. 49) & yg. (Se. 25, 23; V. 145, 148; C. 51, 50). m. Her. So. 21; V. 138; Chiriqui. J.G. Champion, Esq. C. 47). [C.]; F. D. God- man, Esq. [P.]. n. Hgr. (Se. 28; V. 151; W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]._ C. 59). (Type of LZ. nitidus.) o-p. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 140; Bologna, Ecuador. E. Whymper, Esq. C. 58) & her. (Se. 23; [C.}. V. 140; C. 53). g,7-s. 3 (Sc.19; V.145; Quito. C.?) & 9 (Se. 21, 21; V. 144, 143; C. 62, 62). 39. Lachesis nigroviridis. Bothriechis nigroviridis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 278, pl.—. fig. 4; Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 150. Bothrops nigroviridis, F. Miill, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 401. Snout short, rounded, with sharp canthus. Rostral as broad as deep or a little broader than deep; nasal entire or semidivided ; upper head-scales flat and imbricate, largest and smooth on the snout and vertex; 5 to 7 longitudinal series of scales between the supraoculars, which are large and sometimes broken up into two; internasals small; two postoculars and a subocular, separated from the labials by one series of scales ; temporal scales obtusely keeled ; 9 to 11 upper labials, second only exceptionally forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales rather feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 134-146; anal entire; subcaudals 49-54, single. Tail prehensile. Green or olive above, speckled and spotted with black; a black streak on each side of the head, from the canthus rostralis, over the outer border of the supraocular shield, to a little beyond the angle of the mouth; upper surface of head sometimes with black longitudinal streaks; yellowish beneath, some or all of the shields black-edged. Total length 535 millim. ; tail 90. Costa Rica. a-c. & (V. 142, 184; C. Rio Frisio. Mr. Rogers [C.]; 50, 54) & @ (V. 141; C. F. D. Godman, 50). Esq. [P.]. d-e. go (V.146; C. 53) & Irazu. F. D. Godman, Esq. 2 (V. 146; C. 49). [P.]. 40. Lachesis aurifer. Thamnocenchris aurifer, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 459, pl. xxxii. fig. 1. Bothriechis aurifer, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 207. Bothrops aurifer, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 401. Snout short and broad, with well-marked canthus. Rostral broader than deep; nasal entire or semidivided ; upper head-scales 12. sisTRURUS. 569 imbricate, large, shield-like and smooth or fecbly keeled on the snout and vertex; an enlarged frontal, separated from the large supraocular by a series of two or three smaller shields; internasals small ; two postoculars and a subocular, separated from the labials by one series of scales; temporal scales keeled; 9 or 10 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales rather strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 154-158; anal entire; subcaudals 53-61, single. Tail prehensile. Green above, with more or less distinct, scattered yellow spots; a more or less distinct black streak on the temple ; greenish yellow beneath. Total length 825 millim.; tail 145. * Guatemala. a. 2 (V. 154; C. 58). Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) & ¢g (V. 158; C. 61). Coban. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 12. SISTRURUS. Crotalus, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 872 (1766) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 555 (1837) ; Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1453 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 128 (1863). Crotalophorus (non Houtt.), Gray, Ann. Philos, 1825, p. 205, and Cat. Sn. p. 17 (1849); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, . 684. Chadicona (non Laur.), Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 34 (1826) ; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 176 (1880) ; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 51 (1842). Sistrurus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 110 (1883), and Science, xix. 1892, p. 290; Stejneyer, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1898, p. 410 (1895); W. EB. Taylor, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 288. Head very distinct from neck, covered above with nine large symmetrical shields; eye moderate or small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, with apical pits ; ventrals rounded. Tail short, ending in a segmented, horny, sound-producing apparatus or rattle ; subcaudals all or greater part single. North America East of the Rocky Mountains ; Mexico. Synopsis of the Species. Rostral as deep as broad or deeper than broad ; loreal separating the upper preocular from the posterior nasal ; canthus rostralis sharp. 1. miliarius, p. 569. Rostral as deep as broad or deeper than broad ; upper procular in contact: with the posterior nasal; canthus rostralis sharp ........ .. 2. catenatus, p. 570. Rostral broader than deep; loreal separating the upper preocular from the posterior nasal; canthus rostralis obtuse ........ 3. ravus, p. 571. 1. Sistrurus miliarius. Crotalus miliarius, Zinn. 8S. N. i. p. 872 (1766); Daud. Rept. v. p. 828 (1803); Say, Amer. Journ, Sc. i. 1819, p. 263; Harl. Journ. Ac. Philad. vy. 1827, p. 871, and Med. Phys. Res. p. 184 (1835) 570 VIPERIDE. Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 569, pl. xx. figs. 17 & 18 (1837); Holbr, N. Amer. Herp. ii. p. 73, pl. xv. (1838) ; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1477 (1854) ; Baird, Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R.x., Rept. pl. xxiv. fig. 7 (1859); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 119 (1883). Crotalophorus miliarius, Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 205; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. 2nd ed. iii. p. 25, pl. iv. (1842); Bawd § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 11 (1858); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 685. Caudisona miliaria, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 63 (1826). Crotalophorus miliarius, part., Gray, Cat. p. 17 (1849). Sistrurus miliarius, Garm. lc. p. 177; Stejneger, Rep. US. Nat. Mus. f, 1898, p. 418, pl. vii. (1895). Snout with sharp canthus. Rostra] as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; eye separated from the labials by one or two series of scales; temporal scales keeled; 9 to 11 upper labials. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 127-139; anal entire; subcaudals 27-36; rattle short, 10 being the highest number of segments on record. Greyish, yellowish, or brown above, the vertebral line often orange; one cr two dorsal series of large dark, black-edged spots, or a series of narrow cross- bars, and one or two lateral series of smaller spots; two undulating dark stripes from between the eyes to the occiput, the space between them usually orange; a dark temporal streak with a light streak below it extending from below the centre of the eye to the angle of the mouth; whitish beneath, speckled and spotted with dark brown or black. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 70. South-eastern North America, from North Carolina to Texas. a. b (Se. 23; V.137; C. 36). Orlando, Florida. b. Her. 2 (Sc. 23; V.188; Louisiana, Smithsonian —_Insti- C. 30). tution. ce. Hgr. S$ (Se. 21; V.127; Louisiana. M. Sallé [C.]. C. 34). d. 9 Se. 23; V. 132; C. 38). Texas. e,f. b (Se. 23; V. 189; C.385) N. America. Dr. R. Harlan [P.]. & 9 (Se. 23; V. 184; C.30). g. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 139; 0.33). N. America. Lord Orkney [P.]. h. 3 (Se. 23; V.185; C. 32). N. America. College of Surgeons. Zo (Se. 21; V.127; C. 36). N. America. 2. Sistrurus catenatus. Crotalinus catenatus, Rajin. Amer. Monthly Mag. iv. 1818, p. 41 *. Crotalus tergeminus, Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky M. i. p. 499 (1823) ; Harl. Proc. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 372, and Med. Phys. Res. p. 185 (1835); Dum. & Brbr. vii. p. 1479, pl. lxxxiv. b. fig. 5 1854). : cae enre Kirtland, in Mather’s Sec. Rep. Geol. Surv, Ohio, p. 190 (1838). * I have not been able to refer to this paper. 12, sistRURUS. 571 Crotalophorus tergeminus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. 2nd ed. iii. p. 29, pl. v. (1842); Gray, Cat. p. 18 (1849); Agassiz, Lake Superior, p- 381, pl. vi. figs. 6-8 (1850); Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. fy bes Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol, xxxii. i. 1865, no. 8, p. 74. ; er es Holbr, t. c. p. 31, pl. vi.; Gray, l.c.; Baird §& Gir. cp. 16. —— wuiliarius, part., Gray, J. c. p. 17. consors, Baird §& Gor. 1c. p. 12, and Rep, U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R.x., Rept. pl. xxiv. fig. 8 (1859). —— edwardsii, Baird § Gir. Il. cc. p. 15, pl. xxv. fig. 10, and Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv., ii. Rept..p. 15, pl. v. fig. 1 (1859); Dugés, Naturaleza, iv. 1877, p. 27. massasauga, Baird, Serp. N. York, p. 12 (1854). Crotalus miliarius, vars. edwardsii and tergeminus, Jan, Elenco, p. 124 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 46, pl. iii. figs. 4 & 6 (1874). Caudisona edwardsii, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 34 (1875). tergemina, Cope, . c. Crotalus catenatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 118, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1883). Sistrurns catenatus, Garm. 1c. p. 176; Hay, Batr. & Rept. Ind. p. 126 (1892); Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 411, pl. v. (1895). Crotalophorus catenatus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p: 685. Distinguished from the preceding in having the upper preocular in contact with the posterior nasal above the loreal, which is very small ; two or three series of scales between the eye and the labials; temporal scales smooth; 11 to 14 upper labials. Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 136-153; subcaudals 20-31. A dark spot on the parietal shields, between the two occipito-nuchal stripes; a light streak from the loreal pit to the angle of the mouth; dorsal spots usually larger than in S. miliarius, transversely elliptic or reniform. Total length 680 millim.; tail 80. Great Lakes district ; United States East of the Rocky Mountains and West of the Mississippi; Northern Mexico. a. 9 (Se. 25; V. 143; C. 22). Canada. J. Cruickshank, Esq. [P.1, 6. 3 (Se. 25; V. 139; C. 28). Illinois. Smithsonian Instit. ec. 9 (Sc. 25; V. 148; C. 22). N. America. d, 3 (Sc. 25; V. 146; 0.31). ——? 3. Sistrurus ravus. Crotalus ravus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 191. Caudisona rava, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 31 (1875). Crotalus miliarius, var. ravus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 120 (1885). Crotalophorus ravus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 882, and Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 684. Canthus rostralis rounded. Rostral broader than deep, recurved above ; temporal scales smooth; 11 or 12 upper labials. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, the keels on the median dorsal scales thick. Ventrals 147; subcaudals 26. Yellowish brown, with a dorsal series of deep brown spots, longer than broad, and a series of trans- 572 VIPERIDE, verse dark bars on each side opposite to the dorsal spots; head without markings; a brown nuchal spot, forked in front; belly yellowish, thickly variegated with blackish brown. Total length 200 millim. ; tail 22. Vera Cruz, Mexico. 13. CROTALUS. Crotalus, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 872 (1766) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 555 (1837) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1453 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 123 (1863). Caudisona, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 92 (1768). Crotalinus, Rajin. Amer. Monthly Mag. iii. 1818, p. 416. Crotalus, Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 205; Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 34 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 176 (1880); Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 51 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 19 (1849) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 686; Stejneger, Rep. U.S, Nat. Mus. f. 1898, E 42] (1895). Uropsophus, Wagl. 1. c.; Gray, 1. ec. pp. 51, 18. Aploaspis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 310. fichmophrys, Coues, Wheeler’s Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 609 (1875). Head very distinct from neck, covered above with scales or small shields; eye moderate or small, with vertical pupil. Body cylin- drical ; scales keeled, with apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail short, ending in a segmented, horny, sound-producing apparatus or ‘rattle; subcaudals all or greater part single. America, from Southern Canada and British Columbia to Southern Brazil and Northern Argentina. Synopsis of the Species. I. Supraocular shield not produced into a horn-like process. A. Eye separated from the labials by three to five rows of scales, 1. Rostral as deep as broad or deeper than broad, in contact with the nasal. a. Upper surface of snout covered with one pair of inter- nasals and one pair of prefrontals (with occasionally one or two small scales between them); scales in 23-31 rows; ventrals 160-199...... 1. terrificus, p. 573. b. Upper surface of snout with several small shields or scales ; scales in 23-29 rows; ventrals 165-197. a. Supraocular shields transversely striated, as broad as or slightly narrower than the space between them. Two or three series of small shields between the supraoculars, which are in contact with four or five shields in addition to the pra- and postoculars .........+..000. 2. scutulatus, p. 575. 13. cRoTALUS. 573 Three to ten series of scales between the supracculars, which are in contact with six to eleven scales in addition to the pra- and postoculars ........... cece cece 3. confluentus, p.576. 3. Supraocular shields smooth, much narrower than the space between them. Two pairs of internasals; rostral deeper than broad) s.cccariseusieseiniswnadasmancns 4. durissus, p. 578. One pair of internasals ; rostral as deep as broad!) ccsuenwninmas 6 Sareea Ra . 5. horridus, p. 578. 2. Rostral broader than deep, in contact with the nasal; scales in 23 or 25 rows; ventrals 166-181. G6. tigris, p. 580. 3. Rostral broader than deep, separated from the nasal by scales ; scales in 25 rows; ventrals 178-198. 7. mitchelli, p, 580. B. Eye separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales. 1. Upper preocular normal, separated from the nasal by a loreal; rostral as deep as broad. Two internasals; scales in 21-25 rows; ventrals 142-184 .......... Maret 8. triseriatus, p. 581. Four internasals; scales in 27-30 rows; ventrals 123-151 1... eee eee eee eee 9. polystictus, p. 582. 2. Upper preocular divided into two by a vertical suture; rostral broader than deep ; scales in 21-23 rows ; ventrals OSH O9 isc acaieiceiete cenieastand eerste 10. lepidus, p. 582. II. Supraocular produced into a horn-like process: scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 146 ............ 11. cerastes, p. 583. 1. Crotalus terrificus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xev. figs. 1 & 2, & pl. xevi. fig. 1 (1735). ? Crotalus dryinas, Linn. S. WN. i. p. 872 (1766). Caudisona terrifica, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 93 (1768) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 308. ? Caudisona dryinas, Laur. 7. c. p. 94. Caudisona orientalis, Laur. 1. c. Crotalus boiquira, part., Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 130, 190 (1789). durissus, var., Shaw, Zool. iii. pl. xe. (1802). — horridus (non L.), Latr. Rept. iii. p. 186 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. vy. p. 311, pl. lxix. fig. 1 (1803) ; Hart. Proc. Ac, Philad. v. 1827, p. 870; Wied, Abbild. Nat. Bras. (1827); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 561, pl. xx. figs, 12-14 (1837); Dum. § Brbr. vii. p. 1472, pl. Ixxxiv. }. fig. 2 (1854) ; Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 338; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. iii. figs. 1 & 2 (1874); Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. no. 195, 1895, p. 22. ' cascavella, Wagl. i Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 61, pl. xxiv. (1824), ; 574 VIPERIDZ. Crotalus horridus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 20 (1849). molossus, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 10 (1858), and Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv., ii. Rept. pl. ii. (1859) ; Garm. Bull. Essex Instit. xix. 1888, p. 123; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 688 ; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 424 (1895). —-— ornatus, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 192, and Rep. U.S, Surv. R. R. x., Parke’s Rep. p. 23, pl. ii. (1859). durissus (zon L.), Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 337 ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 111 (1888) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 688. Caudisona basilisca, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 166, and 1866, . 808, : durissa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 308. molossus, Cope, 1. c. Crotalus rhombifer (non Latr.), Duges, Naturaleza, iv. 1877, p. 22. basiliscus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 180; Duges, Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 183; Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 688. —— terrificus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 688. —— horridus, var. unicolor, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. ix. 1887, p. 133. Snout very short, with obtuse canthus, Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad, in contact with the anterior nasal; upper surface of snout covered by a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals, rarely with one or two small shields between them ; scales between the supraoculars often more or less enlarged or shield-like, in two to five longitudinal series ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the upper labials; latter, 12 to 17. Scales in 23 to 31 rows, dorsals very strongly keeled. Ventrals 160-199; anal entire; subcaudals 18-30. Brown above, with a series of darker, light-edged rhombs, often lighter in the centre, in contact with one another or narrowly separated, or with decussating yellow lines; occiput and neck with or without two more or less distinct dark parallel stripes ; a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth, and often another from the loreal pit to below the eye or beyond ; the markings sometimes indistinct; yellowish white beneath, uniform or spotted with brown ; tail usually brown or blackish. Total length 1320 millim. ; tail 130. Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas to Southern Brazil and Northern Argentina. A. Stripes on the neck absent or ill-defined. a-b, Her. (Sc. 27,27; Presidio, W. Mexico. Hr. A. Forrer [C.].; V. 188, 191; C. 24, F. D. Godman, 380). Esq. [P.]. c,d. 3 (Se. 27,23; V. City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. 173, 170; CO. 24, 26). e. Hgr. (Sc. 29; V. Mezquital del Oro, Zaca- Dr. A.C. Buller [C.}. 182; C. 27). tecas. f-A. 3 (Sc. 25; V.170; 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq, C, 24) & her. (Se. 25, [P.]. 25; V. 178, 174; C. 18, 18). 13. croraLus. 575 a g Py 27; V.170; Mexico. M. Sallé (C.], k. 2 (Se. 29; V.181; Venezuela. C. 22), B. Stripes on the neck well-marked. a-d. Q (Sc. 29; V. Omilteme, Guerrero, F. D. Godman, Esq. 182; C. 23) & yg. [P.]. (Sc. 29, 27, 29; V. 180, 183, 170 ; C. 30, 22, 29). e. Yg. (Se. 27; V. Yucatan. 187; C.2 f il (Se 31; Vv 181; S. Mexico. F. D, Godman, Esq. C. 28 Esq. [P.j. g. Her. "Se. 29; V. Mexico. a8; C. 23). h-i. Ye. (Sc. 31; V. Berbice. 176; C. 23) & head of adult. k. & ne 30; V.185; Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.}. i. Ye, (Se 27; V.171; 8. José dos Campos, Mr. A. Thomson [P.]. C.2 Prov. 8. Paulo. m. Ye. "Be. 27; V.175; Brazil. n. Her. ‘(8e. 29; V. Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls (C.]. o. Yg. (Se. 27; Vv. 187; Campolican, Bolivia. C. 22 Dp. Skeléton. —? Zoological Society. 2. Crotalus scutulatus. Caudisona scutulata, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 207; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Crotalus adamanteus scutulatus, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 83 (1875); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 113 (1883); Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 287, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689. — scutulatus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 11 ee var. Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 438 salvini, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 193, pl. lix. fig, A (1895). Canthus rostralis distinct. Rostral as deep as broad, in contact with the anterior nasal; upper surface of head with small shields ; two pairs of internasals and two pairs of prefrontals ; two or three series of shields between the supraoculars ; supraoculars transversely striated, not broader than their distance from each other, in contact with four or five shields in addition to the pre- and postoculars ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 25 or 27 rows, dorsals striated and strongly keeled. Ventrals 167-170; anal entire ; subcaudals 18-20, 576 . VIPERIDE. Yellowish or greyish brown above, with a series of large dark brown light-edged rhombs; a yellowish streak from the canthus rostralis along the supraciliary border to the middle of the temple ; an oblique dark streak below the eye; uniform yellowish white beneath. Total length 760 millim. ; tail 65. Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, North Mexico. a. Yg. (Se. 27 ; V.167; Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. C. 18). &. @ (Se. 25; V.170; Huamantla, Mexico, T.M.Rymer Jones, Esq. C. 20). 8000 ft. [P.]. (Type of C. sal- vin.) 8. Crotalus confiuentus. ? Crotalinus viridis, Rafin. Am. Monthly Mag. iv. 1818, p. 41 *. Crotalus confluentus, Say, in Long's Exped. Rocky Mount. ii. p. 48 (1823); Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 8 (1853), and in Marcy's Explor. Red Riv. p. 217, pl. i. (1853) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1476, pl. Ixxxiv. 5. fig. 4 (1854) ; Baird, Rep. U.S. Expl. Surv. R. R. x., Rept. p. 40 (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philud. 1859, p. 887 ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 114 (1883); Stejneger, N. Am. Faun, no. 5, p. 111 (1891); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 691 ; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 440 (1895). oregonus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp., 2nd ed. iii. p. 21, pl. iii. (1842); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 178. lucifer, Baird & Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1852, p. 177, and Cat. p. 6; Girard, U.S. Explor, Exped., Herp. p. 187, pl. xv. figs. 1-6 (1858) ; Baird, Rep. U.S. Expl, Surv. R. R. x., Williamson's Rep. p. 10, pl. xi. (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 837; Lord, Natur. Vane, Isl. ii, p. 803 (1866); Garm. 1. c. p. 114; Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 5, p. 111, and Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 445. lecontei, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1852, p. 180, and Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R. x., Williamson’s Rep. p. 18, pl. ili. (1859). atrox, Baird & Gir. Cat. pp. 5 & 156; Baird, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv., ii. Rept. p. 14, pl. i, (1859); Steyneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1898, p. 486. adamanteus, var. atrox, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 1538, and Icon. Gén. 46, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1874); Garm. 1. c. p. 118; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 690. adamanteus, var. confluentus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 153. Caudisona atrox, var. sonorensis, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 206. Crotalus durissus (non L.), Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop.- Carol, xxxii. i. 1865, no. 8, p. 65. Caudisona AaaTaNt, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. — lucifer, Cope, 1. ¢. atrox, Cope, l. v. Crotalus confluentus pulverulentus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 11, and Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 691. — exsul, Garm. 1. c. p. 114. adamenteus ruber, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 690. * J have not been able to refer to this work. 13. cRoraLus. 577 Snout with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad, in contact with the anterior nasal; upper head- scales small, striated ; supraoculars transversely striated, as broad as or slightly narrower than the space between them, which is filled by 3 to 10 longitudinal series of scales; each supraocular in con- tact with 6 to 11 scales in addition to the pra- and postoculars ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 18 upper labials, Scales striated and strongly keeled, in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 168-197; anal entire ; subcaudals 17-34. Yellowish, greyish, or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of large brown or red spots, usually edged with darker and lighter and commonly rhomboidal or transversely elliptic in shape ; a light streak or triangular marking across the supraccular shield; a more or less distinct dark, light-edged streak from the eye to the mouth ; yellowish beneath, uniform or spotted with brown. This species may be divided into two principal varieties, which are not definable by any structural characters that I know of, viz.:—the typical form, with a dark temporal band extending to the commissure of the mouth; and the Texan C. atrow, in which a dark band descends obliquely from the eye to the mouth far in advance of the commissure. Total length 1520 millim.; tail 140. Western North America, from British Columbia to South California, eastwards to Assiniboia, Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Western and Southern Texas; Northern Mexico. a. Q (Sc. 25; V.183; Duval Co., Toxas. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. C. 20). ‘ 6. Ad., skin (Sc. 27; Texas. Smithsonian Instit. V. 185; C. 25). : ¢. a (Sc. 27; V. 187; Nebraska. Smithsonian Instit. . 21). d,e,f. 3 (Sc. 25; V. Brit. Columbia, J.K. Lord, Esq. [P.].. 175; C.28) &2 (Se. < 25, 25; V.183, 175; C. 17, 17). g- 3 (Sc. 25; V.173; Coronado Ids. off San ae Eigenmann 22), Cc. Diego, California. ee h Fi (Sc. 25; V.181; California. Christiania Mus. . 20), t. Her. (Se. 25; V. California. Lord Walsingham 176; C. 18). [P.]. : k @ (Sc. 27; V.174; California. Haslar Collection. 26 ‘l,m. 3 (Sc. 25; V. W.Ooastof N. America. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 25; V.?; 0.17). n-o. 9 (Sc. 27; V. N. America. 190; C. 22) & yg. (Se. 27; V.172; 0.25). Pp. é (Se. 25; V. 182; ——? Zoological Society. 24), VOL, III. 2P 578 VIPERID&. 4. Crotalus durissus. Linn. Amen. Acad. i. p. 500 (1749). Crotalus durissus, Linn. S, N. i. p. 872 (1766); Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 338, pl. Ixxxix. (1802). — adamanteus, Pal. de Beauv. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, p. 868, pl. —; Say, Amer. Journ. Sc. i. 1819, p. 263; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. ii. p. 77, pl. xvi. (1838), and 2nd ed. iii. p. 17, pl. ii. (1842); Baird §& Gtr. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 3 (1853), and Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R., x. Rept. pl. xxiv. tig. 2 (1859); Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1874); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 112 (1883) ; Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 433, pl. x. (1895). rhombifer, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 197 (1802); Daud. Rept. v. p. 328, pl. lx. figs, 22 & 23, & pl. lxix. fig. 2 (1803); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1470, pl. lxxxiv. 6. fig. 3 (1854). ——- horridus, part., Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 133 (1835). terrificus (non Laur.), Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 419; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 387. Caudisona adamantea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Canthus rostralis obtuse. Rostral deeper than broad, in contact with the anterior nasal; upper surface of snout covered with scales or small irregular shields; 7 or 8 longitudinal series of scales between the supraoculars, the width of which is much less than the interspace between them; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 25-29 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 169-181; anal entire ; subcaudals 24-32. Pale greyish or brownish above, with a dorsal series of large blackish rhombs, usually with lighter centres, edged with yellowish; snout blackish, with a yellowish cross-line between the eyes, yellowish margins to the rostral shields, and a yellowish vertical streak between the rostral and the nostril, on the anterior nasal and first upper labial; a broad blackish band, edged with yellowish above and beneath, extends from the supravcular, over the eye, to the four or five last upper labials; end of tail usually black ; yellowish beneath, more or less spotted with brown or black. The largest species of the genus, reaching a length of 8 feet. South-eastern United States from North Carolina to the Florida Keys and the Mississippi River. a, Yg. (Sc. 29; V.181; Orlando, Florida. O. 24 b. ve (Sc. 29; V 171; United States. Smithsonian Institution. 30). a. Skull. N. America. 5. Crotalus horridus. Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. i. pl. xli. (1748). Crotalus horridus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 89 (1754), and 8S. N. i. p. 872 (1766) ; Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 417; Cope, Proc, Ac, Philad. 1859, p. 338; Garm. N. Am, Rept. p. 116, 13. crotaivs. 579 pl. ix. fig. 1 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 693 ; Hay, Batr. Rept. Ind. p. 128 (1898) ; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 426, pl. ix. (1895). Crotalophorus horridus, Houtt, Linn. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 809 (1764), ‘Caudisona durissus (non L.), Laur, Syn. Rept. p. 93 (1768). ore boiquira, part., Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 180, 190, pl. xviii. fig. 1 —— hboiquira, Pal. de Beauv. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, p. 368, pl. —. durissus, Latr, Rept. iii. p. 190 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. v. p. 304, pl. Ixviii. (1803) ; Harl. Proc. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 368, and Med. Phys. Res, p. 132 (1835); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 565, pl. xx. figs. 15 & 16 (1837); Storer, Rep. Rept. Massach. p. 233 (isso) ‘ Holbr. N. Am. Herp. ii. p. 81, pl. xvii. (1838), and 2nd ed. iii. p- 9 pl. i. (1842); De Kay, N. York Faun. iii. p. 65, pl. ix. fig. 19 (1842) ; Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p.1 (1853); Baird, Serp. N. York. p. 9, pl. i. fig. 1 (1854) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1465, pl. Ixxxiv. 6. fig. 1 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. i. (1874). —— atricaudatus, Latr. t. c. p. 209; Daud. t. c. p. 316. Crotalinus cyanurus, Rafin. Amer. Monthly Mag. iii. 1818, p. 446*. Caudisona horrida, Flem. Philos. Zool. ii. p. 294 (1822) ; Cope, Proc. Ae. Philad, 1866, p. 309. Uropsophus durissus, Gray, Cat. p. 19 (1849). Crotalus horridus, part., Gray, 1. c. p. 20. Snout with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, in contact with the anterior nasals and a pair of rather large internasals; a large shield between the internasal and supraocular; middle of snout with scales or small shields; supraoculars considerably narrower than the space between them, which is covered by 3 to 8 longitudinal series of small scales; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 12 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 23-29 rows, dorsals very strongly keeled. Ventrals 165-178 ; anal entire; subcaudals 19-29. Greyish brown above, usually with a rusty vertebral stripe and V- or M-shaped blackish cross- bands ; head uniform above, with a more or less distinct dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; usually a pair of roundish or triangular dark spots on the nape; neck with elongate spots or interrupted stripes; yellowish beneath, uniform or speckled or spotted with blackish ; end of tail blackish. Total length 1340 millim.; tail 185. United States, from Massachusetts and Iowa to Northern Florida and Texas. a. gd (Sc. 25; V. 178; New Orleans. 29 C, 29). b. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 170; Texas. C. 24 e Ye. (Se. 26; V.177; Arkansas. C. 21). d, 2 (Sc. 29; V.176; N. America. Sir H. Sloane [P.]. C. 24). * I have not been able to verify this aaa . P 580 VIPERIDE. e. d (Sc. 28; V. 167; N. America. College of Surgeons, C. 24). J. & (Sc. 25; V. 178; N. Ametica. C. 28). g. Skull. N, America. 6. Crotalus tigris. Crotalus tigris, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Rept- p. 14, pl. iv. (1859); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 117 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, p. 214 (1893), and Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 449 (1895). Caudisona enyo, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 293, and 1866, p. 309. —— tigris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Crotalus enyo, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 83 (1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689. oregonus, var. enyo, Garm. 1. ¢. p. 174. Snout with distinct canthus. Rostral broader than deep, in contact with the anterior nasal and a pair of internasals; a large shield on each side between the internasal and the supraocular; middle of snout covered with small smooth or obtusely keeled scales ; supraoculars narrower than the space between them, which is occupied by six longitudinal rows of keeled scales; three series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 15 upper labials. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 166- 181; anal entire; subcaudals 26-46. Yellowish or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of brown, dark-edged spots, widening to cross-bands posteriorly ; sides with smaller dark spots; head with small dark spots and a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; yellowish beneath, scantily spotted with brown. Total length 380 millim.; tail 50. ° Southern California, Lower California, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, Northern Mexico. a. Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 181; Ventanas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. O. 46). 7. Crotalus mitchelli. Caudisona mitchellii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 293, and 1866, . 310. wads pyrrha, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 308. Crotalus mitchellii, Cope, Wheeler’s Rep. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 535 (1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Van Denburgh, Proc. Cal. Acad. (2) iv. 1894, p. 450; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1898, p. 454, pl. xvii. (1895). pyrrhus, Cope, Wheeler’s Rep. p. 585, pl. xxii., and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Séejneger, W. Amer. Scient. vii. 1891, p. 165. —— confuentus, var. pyrrhus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 173 (1883). oregonensis, var. mitchellii, Garm. J. ¢. 13. croraus. 581 Snout without canthus. Rostral broader than deep, separated from the anterior nasal by scales ; upper head-scales small, striated ; supraoculars striated ; three series of scales between the eye and the labials ; 14 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 25 rows, striated, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 178-198; anal entire; sub- caudals 24-26. Greyish yellow to salmon-red above, finely punctulated with brown, with a dorsal series of transverse darker spots ; yellowish beneath. Total length 1020 millim.; tail 90. Desert, Regions of Southern California, Lower California, and Arizona. 8. Crotalus triseriatus. Uropsophus triseriatus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 176 (1830). Crotalus lugubris, part., Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 156, and Prod, pl. E (1859). —— intermedius, T'rosch. in Miill. Reise Mexico, iii. p. 618 (1865) ; Pega Abh, Nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. 1882, p. 230, pl. xiv. 3, 14. Guat cone triseriata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. —— lugubris, Dugés, Naturaleza, iv. 1876, p. 25. triseriatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 179, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689. a Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 192, pl. lviii. fig C (1895). —— pallidus, Giinth. 7. c. p. 193, pl. lix. fig. B. Canthus rostralis distinct. Rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above, in contact with the anterior nasals and a pair of inter- nasals ; internasal separated from the supraocular by a large shield ; one to five small smooth shields on the middle of the snout; supra- oculars as broad as the space between them, which is occupied by three to five longitudinal series of scales ; one or two series of scales between the eye and the labials; 9 to 13 upper labials. Scales in 21 to 25 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 142-184; anal entire; subcaudals 22-30. Olive or brown above, with a vertebral series of rather small dark brown spots with a fine black-and-light edge ; sides with two or three series of smaller spots ; upper surface of head with or without small dark spots; a dark, light-edged band from the eye to the angle of the mouth or beyond; yellowish beneath, spotted or speckled with dark brown, or dark grey-brown powdered with whitish. Spec. c pale brown above, with mere traces of darker markings, yellowish beneath. Total length 530 millim,; tail 55. Mexico. a. 9, head andneckand a Cumbre delos Arras- Dr. A. C. Buller(C.]. tail (Sc. 25 ; C. 25). trados, Jalisco, 8500 ft. 4. Yg. (Sc. 23; V.149; La Laguna, Juanacatlan, Dr. A.C. Buller[C.]. C. 24), Jalisco. e. § (Sc. 25; V. 149; City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman pose C. 29). (Type of C. pallidus.) 582 VIPERIDE. d. a (Sc. 23; V.147; Orizaba, Vera Cruz. . 24), e-f. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 184; Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith C. 19) & vg. (Se. 21; (C.J; F. D. God- V.177; ©. 24). man, Esq. [P.]. (Types of C. omiltemanus.) g- @ (Se. 23; V. 142; 8S. Mexico. PP) Godman, Esq. C. 30). al: h. Yg. (Se. 21; V.150; Mexico. M. Sallé (C.]. C. 25). 9. Crotalus polystictus. Crotalus lugubris, part., Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 156. Caudisona polysticta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 191, and 1866, . 309. Citalus lugubris, var. multimaculata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1874). —— jimenezii, Dugés, Naturaleza, iv. 1876, p. 28, pl. i. figs. 18-20. —— polystictus, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 179; Duges, Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p.134; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 192 (1895). Closely allied to C. triseriatus, but four internasals, 14 or 15: upper labials, and scales in 27 to 30 rows. Ventrals 123-151; subcaudals 18-23. Elegantly marked with six or seven longi- tudinal series of alternating elongate dark brown, black-and-white edged spots separated by narrow interspaces of the yellowish-brown ground-colour ; a pair of diverging dark bands on the top of the head, divided by a light line across the supraocular shields, an oblique dark band below the eye and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth; these dark bands separated by narrow pinkish- white streaks; pinkish or yellowish beneath, spotted with dark brown. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 60. Tableland of Mexico. 10. Crotalus lepidus. Caudisona lepida, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 206. Aploaspis lepida, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 310. Crotalus lepidus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 13; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 117 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Steyneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 452, pl. xvi- 1895), : : palmeri, Garm, Bull. Essex Inst. xix. 1887, p. 124. Canthus rostralis obtuse. Rostral broader than deep, in contact with the nasal, which is semidivided ; upper surface of snout with eight small smooth shields; supraoculars as broad as the space between them, which is occupied by three series of scales ; upper preocular divided vertically; two series of scales between the eye and the labials ; 12 upper labials. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 153-169 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 24-31. Brown or greenish grey above, with distant dark brown or jet-black 13. oRoTALus. 583 light-edged cross-bands narrowing on the sides ; two dark spots or a V- or heart-shaped black marking on the nape; a dark streak behind the eye present or absent ; beneath dirty white spotted with brown. In C. palmeri, Garm., which appears to be based on a colour variation of this species, the markings are much effaced on the body and altogether absent on the head. Total length 350 millim,; tail 60. Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, North Mexico. a, go (Sc. 23; V.169; C.31). Milpas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer (C.]. 11. Crotalus cerastes. Crotalus cerastes, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 95, and Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R. x., Williamson’s Rep. p. 17, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1859) ; Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii, Rept. p. 14, pl. iti- (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 337 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1874); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 116 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Steyneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, p. 216 (1893), and Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1898, p. 450, figs. (1895). Caudisona cerastes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309, and 1867, . 85. ae (Aichmophrys) cerastes, Cowes, Wheeler's Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 609 (1875). Canthus rostralis rounded. Rostral as broad as deep or a little broader than deep, in contact with the nasal, which is single ; snout and vertex covered with small scales; supraocular produced into a raised horn-like process; two or three series of scales between the eye and the labials: 11 to 13 upper labials. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals feebly keeled, each scale along the middle of the back with a central tubercular swelling. Ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 17. Yellowish above, with a dorsal series of rather indistinct brown blotches; a narrow brown streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth. Total length 250 millim. ; tail 20. Desert regions of Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. VOL I. Page 6. Add a species :— 4a. Helminthophis ternetzii. Rostral two fifths the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, forming a broad, straight suture with the frontal, which is about thrice as broad as long; eye scarcely distinguishable through the ocular ; two superposed przoculars and a subocular ; four upper labials, first largest, second and third in contact with the lower preocular, third and fourth in contact with the subocular. Diameter of body 52 times in the total length ; tail nearly twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Olive above and beneath; head and anal region yellowish. Total length 335 millim. Paraguay. , a, Ad, Paraguay. Dr. C. Ternetz [C.]. J Add :— Page 15. Typhlops lineatus. Ae hte Typhlops lineatus, Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. pp. 121 & 125 (1894). Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlvi. 1896, p. 18, distin- guishes a var. sumatranus (an sp. n.?) with 24 series of scales. Adds Page 16. Typhlops braminus. «= © ( Typhlops braminus, Boettg. 1. c. p. 122. / tt-uu. Ad. Singapore. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. ov-ww, Ad. Labuan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. Page 17. Add a species :— 4a. Typhlops diversus. . Typhlops diversus, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, p. 10, pl. i. figs. 4-6. : Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral nearly half the width of the head, extending almost to the level of the eyes ; nasal incom- pletely divided, the fissure extending from the anterior edge of the ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 585 preocular to slightly beyond the nostril; preeocular narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye distinct; internasal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 67 times in the total length ; tail a third longer than broad, terminating in a very minute spine. 20 scales round the body. Light horn-colour throughout, slightly darker on the dorsal surface. Total length 212 millim. Mowen, Queensland. Add :— Page 18. Typhlops beddomii. o-q. Ad. & her. Tinnevelly hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. Add :— Page 26. Typhlops thurstonii. c. Her. Nellambur. G. E, Mason, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 28. Typhlops reticulatus. g. Ad. Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.1. A, Ad. Charobamba, Bolivia. Add :— Page 31. Typhlops lumbricalis. f-u, Ad. Antigua, WI. F. Watts, Esq. [P.]. Page 32. Add a species :— 37 a. Typhlops batillus. Typhlops batillus, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, p.9, pl. i. figs. 1-3. Snout prominent, much depressed and shovel-shaped; nostril lateral, close to the rostral. Head-shields granulated above and below; rostral half the width of the head, extending almost to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided, the fissure much curved and extending from the second labial; przocular smaller than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye very distinct ; internasal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 53 times in the total length ; tail longer than broad, terminating in a blunt spine. 24 scales round the body. Tawny above, the edges of the scales forming longitudinal lines, lighter beneath. Total length 230 millim. Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Add :— Page 34. Typhlops ligatus. Typhlops ligatus, Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1893, p. 57. 586 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 34. Typhlops polygrammicus. Typhlops nigrescens, Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1893, p. 57, pl. xv. fig. 5. —— riippelli, Waite, J. ¢. fig. 6. —— polygrammicus, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) ix. 1894,. p. 18. The differences between 7’. nigrescens and 7. rueppellt are prob-- ably sexual. This species reaches a length of 717 millim. Ada:— Page 36. Typhlops wiedii. Typhlops wiedii, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, pl. i- figs. 7-9; Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 117 (1894). Page 36. Add a species :— 49 a. Typhlops nigricauda. Typhlops nigricauda, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 867, pl. xlix. fig. 1. Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral broad,. more than half the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye distin- guishable ; prefrontal and supraoculars considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 70 to 80 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, yellowish below; end of snout yellow ;. tail black. Total length 315 millim. Northern Australia. a, Ad. Daly River. Dr. ar ee Christiania Museum. (One of the types.) Add:— Page 38. Typhlops obtusus. d. Ad. Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.}.. Page 39. Add a species :-— 57 a. Typhlops boulengeri. Typhlops boulengeri, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. (2) iii. 1893, p.117, and Herp. Angola, p. 64 (1895). Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral large, more than half the width of the head, extending to between the ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 587 eyes, the portion visible from below nearly as long as broad; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; prefrontal and supra- oculars large; four upper labials. Diameter of body 29 or 30 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 28 scales round the body. Pale olive, above with black longitudinal lines running between the scales. Total length 180 millim. Angola. a, Ad. Quindumbo. M. d’Anchieta A, Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. (One of the types.) Page 40. Add a species :— 61a. Typhlops mandensis. Typhiops mandensis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 725. Apparently nearly related to 7. hallowellii. Snout not hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior, just below the edge. Rostral large; nasal large, semidivided, the cleft pro- ceeding from the first labial; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal, frontal, and interparietal of equal size, much larger than the scales on the body; supraoculars and one pair of parietals larger still; four upper labials. Diameter of body 23 times in the total length ; tail exceedingly short, much broader than long. 34 scales round the body. Uniform pale greenish grey above, pale buff beneath. Total length 135 millim. Island of Manda, north of Lamu, E. Africa. Add :— Page 40. Typhlops anchieta. Typhlops anchietw, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 63 (1895). Add :— Page 43. Typhlops punctatus. Typhlops punctatus, Bocage, Herp. Angola. p. 65 (1895). aa. Ad. (A, c). Mkonumbi, E. Africa. Dr. E . W. Gregory bb. Ad. (B, a). Leikipia, E. Africa. ie ‘ W. Gregory Add:— Page 44. Typhlops bibronii. k. Ad, Middelburg, Transvaal. D. Draper, Esq. [P.]. 588 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 44. Add a species :— 67 a. Typhlops hottentotus. Typhlops hottentotus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. (2) iii. 1898, p. 117, and Herp, Angola, p. 69 (1895). Closely allied to 7’. schlegelii, but snout less prominent; rostral narrower behind; prxocular narrower and in contact with the second labial only ; ; nasal narrower than the ocular; and scales in 36 rows. Dark olive-brown above, almost black, with a few scat- tered small yellow spots; lower part yellow, with olive-brown spots. Total length 328 millim. Humbe, Angola. Add :— Page 45. Typhlops schlegelii. d, Agr. Leikipia, E. Africa, Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.]. Add :— Page 45. Typhlops delalandii. m. Ad, Rustenburg, Transvaal. Mr. W. Ayres (C.]. Add:— Page 46. Typhlops humbo. Typhlops humbo, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 66 (1895). e, Ad, Quissange, Angola. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. Add :— Page 46. Typhlops mucruso. Typhlops petersii (zon Steind.), Bocage, l. ¢. p. 68. n, Ad. (A). Zanzibar. F. Finn, Esq. ks op. Ad, & hgr. (A). Fwambo, Brit. C. E, Carson, Esq. [C.] Africa. q. Ad. (A). Zomba, Brit. CC. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. Africa, r. Her. (B). Quissange, Angola. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. Add:— Page 47. Typhlops anomalus. Typhlops anomalus, Bocage, 1. c. p. 20. a, Ad. Quindumbo, Angola. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]}. Page 48. Add a species :— 75a. Typhlops proximus. eres yi Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1893, p. 60, pl. xv. Snout very prominent, with sharp horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part a little more than half the ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 589 width of the head, extending almost to the level of the eyes, its lower part longer than broad; nasal semidivided, the cleft pro- ceeding from the first labial and extending to the upper surface of the snout; preocular narrower than the ocular; eyes distinct ; parietals as large as supraoculars; four upper labials. Diameter of body 35 times in the total length; tail not longer than broad, ending in a small spine. 20 scales round the body. Brownish olive to greyish brown above, each scale margined with yellow; lower surfaces yellow. Total length 405 millim. New South Wales and Victoria. re Page 49. Typhlops unguirostris, 9 ++ © ** © Typhlops unguirostris, Waite, Proc, Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. (2) ix. 894, p. 11; Bouleng. ¢. c. p. 719. The specimen referred to T. unguirostris belongs to a distinct species :— 78a, Typhlops waitii. Typhlops waitii, Bowleng. J. c. p. 718. Nasal cleft proceeding from the second labial (from the first in T. unguirostris) ; 22 scales round the body (24 in 7. unguirostris). Aaa Page 49. Typhlops affinis. Typhlops affinis, Waite, 1. c. p.11; Bouleng. 1. c. p. 719. Page 52. Add a species :— 85a. Typhlops somalicus. Typhlays somalicus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 536, pl. xxx. ig. 1. Snout very prominent, obtusely pointed, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Head-shields granulated; rostral very large, its upper portion a little longer than broad, its lower portion as broad as long; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; procular present, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; ocular in ‘contact with the third and fourth labials ; eyes not distinguish- able; prefrontal and supraoculars transversely enlarged. Diameter of body 90 times in total length; tail a little broader than long, ending in a small spine. 24 scales round the body. Pale olive, head yellowish. Total length 450 millim. Western Somaliland. a, Ad. Beearso. Dr. Donaldson Smith [P.]. (Type) 590 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 52, Add a species :— 85 6. Typhlops przocularis. Typhlops preeocularis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 709. Snout very prominent and pointed, but not hooked, with sharp cutting edge; nostrils inferior, between two large nasals almost at the point where the internasal suture joins the rostral ; rostral very large, about two thirds the width of the head, the portion visible from below broader than long; a preocular, not in contact with the labials ; no suboculars ; ocular in contact with nasal below pra- ocular, reaching lip behind second labial ; eyes indistinguishable ; four upper labials. Diameter of body at the middle 67 times in the total length, the body growing thicker posteriorly ; tail very short, wider than long, ending in a spine. 24 or 26 scales round the body. Uniform pale brownish grey. Total length 340 millim. Leopoldville or Stanley Pool, Congo. Page 53. Add a species :— 87 a. Typhlops bisubocularis. Typhlops bisubocularis, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 336. Very closely allied to 7. andamanensis, but: anterior upper head- scales broader and nearly twice as long as the scales on the body. Diameter of body 44 times in total length; length of tail once and a half its width. Dark grey, the scales with lighter edges; snout, chin, end of tail, and a pair of anal spots white. Total length 131 millim. Western Java. Rade Page 55. Typhlops lumbriciformis. 5. Ad. Fwambo, Brit. C. Africa, E. Carson, Esq. [C.]. Aga Page 56. Typhlops uniteniatus. é. Her. Kibroezi, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.}. Add:— Page 57. Typhlophis squamosus. a, Ad. Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]. 6, Ad. Brazil. wages Page 62. Glauconia rostrata. Stenostoma rostratum, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 62 (1895). ADDENDA AND OORRIGENDA. 591 Page 63. Glauconia albifrons. For ‘‘ Stenostoma melanosterna” read “ S, melanoterma.” Add :— 2. Ad. Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. n. Ad. Yungas, olivia : (e] Add :— Page 65. Glauconia dulcis. JS. Ad. Tampico, Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.}. Add :— Page 65. Glauconia narirostris. 4, Ad. Lower Niger. H. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Page 66. Add a species :— 14a. Glauconia nursii, Glauconia nursii, Anders. Rept. Hadramut §& Arab. p. 64 *, Snout rounded; supraocular present, nearly as large as the frontal ; rostral broader than the nasal, reaching nearly the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the first of which is very small; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 50 times in the total length, tail 10 times. Pale brownish above, white beneath. Total length 250 millim. Southern Arabia. a-b. Ad, Aden. Capt. Nurse [P.]. (Types.) Add :— Page 67. Glauconia nigricans. g-h. Ad. & her. Umfuli R., Mashonaland. G. A. K. Marshall, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 63. Glauconia scutifrons. Be ST Stenostoma scutitrons, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 71 (1895). Ada :— Page 70. Glauconia humilis. Rena humilis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. 1898, p. 208. ce Ad. S. Bernardino, California. d. Ad. 8. Jose del Cabo, Lower California. Add :— Page 80. Liasis papuanus. 4, Yg. (Sc. 65; V. 864; Fergusson Id., D’Entre- Mr. Meek [C.]. C. 82). casteaux Group, Brit. New Guinea. * Not yet published, 592 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :-— Page 84. Python amethystinus. g. Yg. (Sc. 53; V.328; Trobriand Ids. Brit. New | Mr. Meek [C.]. C. 106). Guinea. Add :— Page 86. Python reticulatus. o. ¥g. (Se. 75; V. 311; Great NatunaId. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. C. 95). Add :— Page 86. Python sebe. Python liberiensis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1845, p. 249, and 1857, 66. p. 66. —— natalensis, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 72 (1895). oe (Se. 85; V. 273; Lower Niger. H. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. . 72), Add :-— Page 88. Python anchietz. Python anchiets, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 73, pl. ix. fig. 1 (1895). Add:— Page 89. Python regius, i. g (Sc. 57; V. 200; C?). Lower Niger. H. W. Crosse, Esq. [C.]. Add :— Page 90. Chondropython viridis, 9 79) 4a. Chondropython viridis, Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p 120, pl. v. fig. 3 (1894). Add :— Page 91. Aspidites melanocephalus, Aspidites melanocephalus, Boettg. J. c. p. 119. f ¢ Ada :— Page 92. Aspidites ramsayi. ba taickery Aspidites ramsayi, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1895, p. 716, pl. 1. Kage Page 92. Calabaria reinhardti. = * ~~“ h. Head and tail. Nr. Mangala, Upper J. H. Weeks, Esq. [P.]. Congo. Add :— Page 94. Epicrates cenchris. Coluber tamachia, Scopoli, Delic. Faun. Flor. Insubr. iii. p. 38, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1788). Boa liberiensis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 100, and 1857, p. 66. Epicrates cupreus, A. E. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1893, p. 480. y. 2 (B. Se. 52; V. 237; C.?). Panama. Christiania Mus. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 593 Page 96. Add a species :— la. Epicrates crassus. Epicrates crassus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 349. Head-shields as in EZ. cenchris; twelve upper labials, sixth and ieventh entering the eye. Form thick and stout. Scales in 39 ‘ows. Leather-brown above, with three rows of darker spots on sach side ; a series of pale oval spots on each side of the vertebral ine; a dark, light-edged stripe on each side of the anterior third of the body ; a median and two temporal brown bands on the head. Total length 910 ‘millim.; tail 85. Cadosa, Parana River. kage Page 96. Epicrates angulifer. 1. 2 (Sc. 62; V.275; Cuba. Christiania Mus. C. 45). Add:— Page 98. Epicrates fordii. d. 9 (8c.385; V. 249; 8. Domingo. C. 76). Add :— Page 99. Corallus cookii. Xiphosoma hortulana, A. HE. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1893, p. 430. — ruschenbergeri, 4. E. Brown, 1. c. p. 431. q-t. Ad. & hgr. (Sc. 39, Id. of Grenada. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]; 43, 39, 41; V. 265, F. D. Godman, Esq. 264, 270, 270; C.118, [P.1. 101, 104, 108). Add :— Page 102. Corallus hortulanus. k, Hgr. (Se. 59; V. 279; R. Ucayale. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. C. 109). Ada :— Page 102. Corallus annulatus. Xiphosoma annulata, A. E. Brown, Proc. Ae, Philad. 1893, p. 481. Add:— Page 103. Corallus caninus. k Ber. (Sc. 67; V.193; Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.}. . 64). 1, Hgr. (Sc. 77; V.195; Beni R., Bolivia. C. 69). Add:-— Page 109. Enygrus carinatus. 7. 9 (A. Se. 85; V.175; Trobriand Ids, Brit. | Mr. Meek [C.]. C. 89), New Guinea. v-. 9 (C. Sc. 83, 35; ‘Trobriand Ids, Brit, | Mr. Meek (C.] V.171, 173; C. 41, 39). New Guinea. VOL. III. Qa “a 594 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :-— Page 109. Enygrus asper. d. 9 (Sc. 85; V.188; C.16). Stephansort, N. Guinea. Add :— Page 111. Ungalia melanura. Ungalia melanura, A. E. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1893, p. 429. Ce. Add :-— Page 112. Ungalia maculata. Ungalia maculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 436. hetiana, Cope, J. c. l. d (Se. 27; V. 186; C. 35). Hayti. Christiania Mus. Page 116. Add a species :— 2. Eunectes noteus. Eunectes notzus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 70. Rostral considerably broader than deep; thirteen to fifteen upper labials; no scales between the suboculars and the labials. Scales in 45 to 49 rows. A dark broad stripe originating between the orbits and extending to the nape, followed by a series of large transverse blackish spots, which extend to the end of the tail; two dark stripes on each side of the head, and a lateral series of blackish vertical bars. Otherwise as in HZ. murinus. Total length 1850 millim. ; tail 230. Grows to 3000 millim. Paraguay and Bolivia. u. Her. (Se. 49; V. 281; C. 54). Bolivia. M. Suarez [P.]. Add :— Page 118. Boa occidentalis. 6. Q (Sc. 75; V. 250; C, 44). Paraguay. Zoological Society. 13 of the subcaudals are divided. Total length 2730 millim. Add :-— Page 119. Boa imperator. Boa imperator, Dugés, La Naturaleza, (2) ii. 1898, p. 800, pl. xii. p. Yg. (Sc. 75; V. 245; C. 56). Brit. Honduras. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 120. Boa dumerilii. d. Yg. (Se. 63; V. 223; C. 32). Madagascar. Mr. Last (C.]. Add :— Page 120. Boa madagascariensis. c. @ (Sc. 69; V. 228; C. 83). Madagascar. Christiania Mus. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 595 ) Ada:— Page 122. Bolieria multicarinata. ~~~ - ‘ ec. o (Sc. 53; V. 196; Mauritius. Capt. Stokes [0.]; Col- C. 107). lege of Surgeons [E. ]. Add:— Page 125. Eryx thebaicus. l. g (V.179; C. 24). Fayoum. Dr. J. Anderson ed mn, Her. (V. 188, 182; Suakin, Dr. Penton & Dr. J. C. 24, 24), Anderson [P.]. o. Hgr. (V.171; C. 21). Between W. She- Dr. Donaldson Smith beli& JubaR., [C.]. Gallaland. p. Her. (V. 165; C. 20). Lake Stephanie. Dr. Donaldson Smith [C.}. ie Add :— Page 125, Eryx jaculus. Set Oe Eryx jaculus, Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 93. e. 9 (V. 197; C. 18). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Adad:— Page 129. Lichanura trivirgata. a. & (Sc. 41; V.238; C. 45). San Diego, California. Christiania Mus. 9 scales round the eye; 13-14 upper labials. Uniform brown above, grey beneath. Add: — Page 130. Charina botte. Charina plumbea, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 208 (1898). e. Yg. (Sc. 49; V. 208; C. 34). San Francisco. Christiania Mus. Anterior nasal fused with internasal; anterior prefrontal distinct; a small azygous shield between the internasals ; loreal distinct ; fifth upper labial entering the eye. Ff. & (8c. 47; V. 200; C. 35). San Francisco. Christiania Mus. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior prefrontal fused ; no azygous prefrontal ; loreal distinct; fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye. Kdaice Page 134. Ilysia scytale. o-p. Ad. (V. 229, 223; Para. Dr. E. A, Géldi [P.]. C. 12, 18). Add :— Page 137. Cylindrophis maculatus. h-k, 9 (V. 190; C. 5) Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. & hgr. (V. 180, 206; C. 5, 4). 2a2 596 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 141. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus. d. Q (V. 225; ©. 5). Ceylon. Dr. Bowles [P.]. Page 142. Add a species :— 4a. Rhinophis fergusonianus. Snout acutely pointed; rostral rounded, as long as its distance from the posterior extremity of the frontal; latter shield a little longer than broad. Diameter of body 46 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven- trals 188; subcaudals 4. Caudal disk longer than the shielded part of the head. Blackish above; yellowish beneath, with black spots forming a zigzag band anteriorly. Total length 320 millim.; tail 9. Travancore. a. 9 (V. 188; C. 4). Cardaman Hills. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. Adds Page 143. Rhinophis travancoricus. Rhinophis travancoricus, Bouleng. Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1892, p- 318, pl. —. &. 2 (V. 184; C. 6). Peermad, Travancore. H. S. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 155. Silybura ellioti. wx. 2 (V. 165, 176; Foster Hill Rise, W. M. Daly, Esq. [P.]. C. 6, 8). Nilgherries. Add :— Page 156. Silybura myhendre. e. 9 (V. 144; C.7). Neduvangaud, Trav- H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. ancore. Add Page 157. Silybura madurensis. e-g. & (V. 142; C. 9) High Range, Travan- H.S. Ferguson, Esq. Grn 148, 142; core. [P.]. h-k. 3 (Vv. 149; C. 8) Peermad, Travancore. H.S. Ferguson, Esq. & 9 (V. 148, 150; Pj. C. 7, 7). 1. S (V. 140; C. 9). Alleppy, low country, H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. Travancore. [P.]. Add:— Page 159. Silybura brevis. w. g (V.182; C. 10). High Range, Travan- H. 8S. Ferguson, Fsq. core. [P.]. x. 2 (V.1382; C.9). _Peermad, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. P [P.]. y. 2 (V. 135; C. 9). Brumagherries, N. Wy- G. E. Mason, Esq. nad, 200 ft. [P.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 597 Add :— Page 169. COLUBRID. Calamariidee, Lycodontide, Colubride, X i rici aoe ue we 1893, 9 " oa ubridz, Xenodontids, Natricide, y Ve Page 173. Acrochordus javanicus. 9. —~*“ < Coluber oularsawa, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 26 (1789). ch Page 174. Chersydrus granulatus. t. Several specs. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Add :— Page 177. COLUBRINE. Calamariide, Oligodontine, Lycodontine, Boodontina, part., Xeno- donting, Pseudaspidins, Natricina, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 480. Add;— Page 183. Polyodontophis sumichrasti. a2" Ablabes sumichrasti, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 105 (1893). Add :— Page 184. Polyodontophis collaris. Hee scinphts collaris, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) xiii, 1893, p. 822, Add:— Page 186. Polyodontophis geminatus. 7 . @ (B. V.165; C.?). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C. ]. i 6850) (B. V. 162; Muching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. E. No light stripes; head dark brown above, with a black nuchal collar. - 2 (V. 183; C.118). Kina Balu, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. (C.]. Page 186. Add a species :— 6 a. Polyodontophis bivittatus. /°~ = fé Polyodontophis bivittatus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xiv. 1894, p. 82. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- asals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as ng as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, torter than the parietals; loreal as deep as long; one preocular ; vo postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the sixth and seventh labials ; ght upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four wer labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as ng as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 153-155; anal eat 598 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. divided ; subcaudals — ? (tail mutilated)... Black above, with two white streaks commencing on the pariétal shields and running along the sixth series of scales and the adjoining halves; a white cross- bar on the forehead, occupying the anterior two thirds of the frontal and supraocular shields; a series of white spots along the upper lip; lower parts white, with a black dot or spot at the outer end of each shield. Total length 490 millim. Palawan. a-b. 5 (V. 158, 155; C. ?). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. (Types.) Add:— Page 187. Polyodontophis subpunctatus. n-p. 5 (V. 157; C. 60), 9 (V. 176; Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]}. C. 53), & yg. (V. 168; C. 52). Add:— Page 188. Polyodontophis sagittarius. zt. 2 (V. 236; C. 64). Bengal ? Dr. Cantor. Page 189. Add a species :— 11. Polyodontophis venustissimus. Henicognathus venustissimus, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 144, pl. li. fig. C (1894). Snout much flattened; rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 243; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 137-142; anal divided. Crimson above, each scale with a black dot, with black cross-bands edged with yellow; some of the cross- bands broken on the vertebral line and alternating; snout and occiput black, vertex yellow ; labials, loreal, and preeocular yellow ; dark streaks radiating from below the eye; white beneath, with blackish dots on the sides; each subcaudal with a large black spot *. Total length 430 millim., without tail. Nicaragua. a-b. o (V. 142,187; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh Jericho, Nicaragua. [C.]. (Types.) Page 189. Add a genus :— 6 a. LIOPHIDIUM. Maxillary teeth 25, small, closely set, the three posterior feebly eularged ; mandibular teeth small, equal. Dentary bone completely * The coloration is described from the specimens when quite fresh. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 599 detached from the articular posteriorly. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals and the internasal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘ail rather short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. 1. Liophidium trilineatum. Snout much depressed, slightly projecting. Rostral small, broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, scarcely broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pra- and two postoculars; temporals 14-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145; anal divided; subcaudals 57. Grey above, dotted with black, with three black longitudinal lines, the lateral on the third. row of scales, and extending to the nostril after passing through the eye; head with dark brown variegations ; upper labials white, the anterior edged with black; lower parts white, dotted with black on the sides. Total length 330 millim.; tail 80. Madagascar. a. do (V. 145; C. 57). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.].. Add:— Page 189. DROMICODRYAS. y, ; Lianthera, Cope, Am. Nat. 1898, p. 482. omc Ada Page 190. Dromicodryas bernieri. l. Yg. (V. 184; OC. 99). Sahambendrana. M. Majastre (C.]. Add: Page 191. Xenochrophis cerasogaster. #, 9 (V. 147; C. 71). Bengal ? Dr. Cantor. Co Add :— Page 192. TROPIDONOTUS. Tropinotus, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p. 473. Hemigenius, Dugés, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxv. 1888, p. 182. Diplophallus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 483. Ceratophallus, Cope, /. ¢. Tropidonotus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 750 (1893). Regina, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 747. Thamnophis, Bocourt, J. c. p. 754. Eutenia, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 760. Trimerodytes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 426 (1895). Seminatrix, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 678. 600 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add: Page 201. Tropidonotus leptocephalus. Euteenia leptocephala, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 763, pl. lvi. fig. 5 (1893). P Thamnophis parietalis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 214 (1898). Add :— Page 202. Tropidonotus vagrans. Thamnophis vagrans, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 213 (1893). Eutenia vagrans, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 783, pl. lviii. fig. 2 (1895), s. 2 (Se. 23; V. 154; C. 68). S. Diego, California. Christiania Mus. Add: Page 203. Tropidonotus chrysocephalus. Euteenia chrysocephala, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 762, pl. lvii. fig. 1 (1893). e. Yg. (V. 152; C. 68). Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]. Page 203. Add a species :— 3 a. Tropidonotus godmani. Tropidonotus godmani, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 183 (1898). Eye moderate. MRostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, strongly keeled. Ventrals 184-149; anal entire; subcaudals 61-81. Olive or brown above, with a yellowish vertebral line, one scale wide, and a light lateral streak on the second and third rows of scales; some black spots or bars on the neck; a black nuchal collar; upper lip pale, with black lines on the sutures between the labials; greyish or pale olive beneath. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 160. Mexico. a-g. 3 (V. 148, 146, 146, Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H.H. Smith [C.]; 146; C. 80, 74, 81, 78) F. D. Godman, Esq. & Q (V. 142, 145, 134; [P.]. (Types.) C. 66, 73, 61). h-k. Yg. (V.149,141,145; Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith[C.]; C. 73, P, 81). F. D. Godman Esq. [P.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 601 Add :— Page 203. Tropidonotus scaliger. Euteenia scalaris, part., Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mez., Rept. p. 768, pl. lvi. fig. 6 (1893). Add :— Page 204. Tropidonotus scalaris. Euteenia scalaris, part., Bocourt, 1. ¢. Page 206. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. sirtalis. Add :— Bee sirtalis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 765, pl. lv. fig. 4 (1893). sete ae ordinatus obscurus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 387. Page 208. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. infernalis. Add :— Eutenia infernalis, Bocourt, J. c. p. 771, pl. lv. fig. 2. Thamnophis infernalis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 210 (1893). elegans, Stejneger, J. c. p, 211. 6. 2 (V. 158; A. 2; C. 85). California. Christiania Mus. Page 209. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. eques. Add :—~ Tropidonotus eques, Wiegm. Arch. f. Nat, 1835, p. 282. Eutenia pulchrilata, Bocourt, l. c. p. 767, pl. lvii. fig. £. —— cyrtopsis, Bocourt, 1. v. p. 774, pl. lv. tig. 5. —— cyrtopsis, var. fulvus, Bocourt, t. c. p. 777, pl. vii. fig. 2. y. Yg. (V. 141; C. 75). Omilteme, Guer- Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]; rero. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Page 209. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. sumichrasti. = Add :—- Eutenia cyrtopsis, var. sumichrasti, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 775, pl. lvii. fig. 3. Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. phenax. Add :— Eutznia cyrtopsis, var. phenax, Bocourt, 1. e. p. 778. Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. couchii. Add :— Thamnophis couchii, Stejneger, J. ¢. p. 212. Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. hammondii. Add :— Thamnophis hammondii, Stejneger, 2. c. 602 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. marcianus. Add :— Eutenia marciana, Bocourt, 1. c, p. 784, pl. lix. fig. 1 (1895). Page 211. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. radix. Add :— Euteenia radix, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 781, pl. lviii. fig. 8 (1895). Page 212. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. macrostemma. Add :— Eutenia megalops, Bocourt, J. c. p. 786, pl. lix. fig. 2 (1895). —— macrostemma, Bocourt, J. v. p. 788, pl. lix. fig. 3. Page 212. For “ Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. butleri,” read :— 6a. And add :— Thamnophis butleri, p. 593. Tropidonotus butleri. Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1895, Eye small. Temporals 1+1. Add :— Page 212. Tropidonotus saurita. Thamnophis saurita, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 754, pl. lv. fig. 6, & pl. lvi. figs. 2-4 (1893). ee Add :— Page 214 (see p. 418). Tropidonotus prxocularis. Euteenia preocularis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 770, pl. lvi. fig. 7 (1898). Add :— Tropidonotus maizrii, t. Yg. (V. 150; C. 72). . u, Yg. (V. 146; C. 65). vw. 2 (V. 142; C.?). w-y. 3 (V. 152; C. 69), Q (V. 163; C. 73), & yg. (V. 152; C. 75). Page 216. Add a species :— Page 216. Tropidonotus picturatus. ae ae Gray, in Grey's Trav, Austral. ii. p. 442 (1841). Herbert R. J. A. Boyd, Esq. fet Daly R., N. Australia. Dr. Dahl [C.]. Chris- tiania Mus. Fergusson Id., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. New Guinea. Trobriand Ids., Brit. Myr. Meek [C.]. New Guinea. 1 ea hr M ii bn lla. Tropidonotus punctiventris. Tropidonotus punctiventris, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 129. Allied to 7. prcturatus, but temporals 2+3, and nine upper 7 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 603 labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 162; anal divided; subcaudals 74, Dark olive-grey above, with darker spots disposed quincuncially ; lips white, the anterior labials black-edged ; belly white, greyish behind, with about six longitudinal series of black dots. Total length 461 millim.; tail 116. Halmaheira. Add :-— Page 216. Tropidonotus truncatus. Styporhynchus truncatus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 181. a-b. § (V. 142; 0.7) & O Halmaheira. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.]; (V. 149; C.?). Senckenberg Mus. [E-]. Add:— Page 217. Tropidonotus fuliginoides. Mizodon fuliginoides, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 75 (1895). 9 (V.128;A.1;C.?), Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H.J. Duggan [C.], Ada:— _—~ Page 218. Tropidonotus variegatus. a, 9 (V. 184; C. ?). Lower Niger. H. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 219. Tropidonotus natrix. Tropidonotus natrix, Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 686 (1894); Diirigen, Deutschl. Amph, u. Rept. p. 274, pl. vii. fig. 2 (1894). A. Typical Form. ¢ 3 (V. 169; C.?). Newby Bridge, N. Mr. J. Paul [P.]. Lancashire. n. 2 (V. 167; C. 57). Houffalize, Belgium. Mlle L. Héger [P.]. 6. Yg. (V. 163; C. 63). Freiburg, Baden. G. ip. Boulenger, Esq. . Yg. (V.172; 0. 62). Vienna. Herr k Henkel [E. ]. x. 6 (V. 176; C. 65). Brasso, Hungary. Prof, v. Méhely | C.]. r-v. go (V. 180; C. 54) Pisa. Prof. Della Torre & 9 (V. 169, 171; [E.]. C. 56, 57). ae & 9 (V. 168; C. 54), Sicily. Christiania Mus. C. (C. persa.) n. 9 (V. 176; C. 60). Admont, Upper Styria. Herr F, Henkel bef ‘ $ Wy 166: C. él). Gedteane Herr F. Henkel [E.}. p-y. 3 (V. 184; C. 75) Zara, Dalmatia. Herr Spada Novak & 9 (V. 176; C. 65). : {C.}. rt, § (V. 187; C. 75) Salonica. J. Southgate, Esq. & yg. (V. 172, 176; aly C. 58, 60). u-w. g (V. 171, 170; Alexandretta. Hr. Rolle [C.]. C. 70, 71) & 2(V.166; C. 50). 604 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. D. (C. scutatus.) ec. 5 (V. 180; C. 69). Pressbaum, nr. Vienna. Hr. F. Henkel [E.]. F, Uniform black above, with a bright yellow collar. a. 2 (V. 174; C. 50). Copenhagen. Add:— Page 222. Tropidonotus conspicillatus. e. 2 (V. 145; C. 48). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Sf. Yg. (V. 152; C. 53), Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. ; g. 3 (V. 188; C. 54). Great Natuna Id. ‘C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Add:— Page 225. Tropidonotus trianguligerus. w. 2 (V. 186; C. 81). Kina Balu, N. Borneo, A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Add:— Page 226. Tropidonotus melanogaster. ~*~‘? Eutenia melanogaster, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p.779, pl. liii. fig. 4, & pl. ly. fig. 3 (1893). Adds= Page 227. Tropidonotus olivaceus. Coronella olivacea, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 79. Mizodon olivaceus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 74 (1895). o-r. 2 . . 139; C.?) & Zomba,Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston . P.}. hgr. (V. 140, 141, 144; C. 75, ?, 59). s. 2 (V. 186; C. 67). Fwambo, Brit. C. E, Carson, Esq. [C.]. Africa, t. Hgr. (V. 186; C. 78). Milangi, Brit. C. Sir H. H. Johnston Africa, [Pl u. Hgr. (V. 187; C.?). Neatana, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.]. Add :— Page 228. Tropidonotus pygeus. Contia pygwa, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 323. Seminatrix pygeeus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 678. Add:— Page 230. Tropidonotus sancti-johannis. v. d (V. 189; C. 86), Shillong, Assam. §_H. M. Phipson, Esq. [P.]. p. & (V. 145; C.?). Benares, S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. Rade Page 231. Tropidonotus piscator. Bothrodytes piscator, Cope, Tr. Am, Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. B-y, 8. 2 (V. 148, 144; Peermad, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. C. 68, ?) & yg. (V. 146; [P.]. C. 71). «. d (V. 185; C. 86). Benares. 8. Flower, Esq. [P.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 605 B. aa. Hgr. 9 (V.141; C.70). Swatow, China. Christiania Mus. bb. Yg.(V.125; 0.77). Pinang. 8S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. C. aa. 9 (V. 142; 0.78). Java. Christiania Mus. Add:— Page 233. Tropidonotus annularis. ‘ %. 9 (V. 149; C. 60). Da-laen-saen, 8. W. of J. J. Walker, Esq. Ningpo. peal Add:— Page 234. Tropidonotus tessellatus. Tropidonotus tessellatus, Fitzing. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. i. p. 326 (1832) ; Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 66 (1867); Diirigen, Deutschl. Amph. u, Rept. p. 295, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1894). Natrix hydrus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. « &o (V.161; C. ?). Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. x. 2 (V. 165; C. 58). Travnik, Bosnia. Dr. F. Werner [F.]. r 2 (V. 168; C. 56). Smyrna. F. Holmwood, Esq. [P.]. n-€&. Yg. (V.169,165,168; Jerusalem. Canon Tristram [E. ]. C. 61, 69, 63). o ¢ (V. 167; C. 53). Fao, Persia. W. Cumming, Esq. [P.]. mw. 2 (V. 168; C. 57). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Ma Page 237. Tropidonotus viperinus. B. 2 (V. 151; C. 58). Seville. Prof. Calderon [E.]. y. Her. (V.150; 0.50), Cintra. Col. Yerbury [P. ]. Add:— Page 237. Tropidonotus validus. Tropidonotus quadriserialis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 752, pl. liv. fig. 6 (1893). k, Yg. (V. 189; C. 74). S. José del Cabo, Lower California. Add: Page 239. Tropidonotus compressicauda. Natrix compressicauda, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, . 830. = compressicauda teniata, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 676. Add;— Page 239. Tropidonotus septemvittatus. Regina leberis, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 747, pl. li. fig. 1, & pl. liii. fig. 8 (1893). ; . Natrix septemvittata, Cope, Tr, Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1896, p. 216. —— leberis, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1895, p. 390. 606 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. AQde= Page 240. Tropidonotus rigidus. Regina rigida, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 748, pl. lui. fig. 7 (1893). 2 ae Page 242. Tropidonotus anoscopus. inte) a. 3 (V. 144; C. ?). —? Christiania Mus. Pe if ah (a4 Bice % Tropidonotus rhombifer, Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. p. 761, pl. liv. fig. 5 (18938). anomalus, Werner, Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 362. Natrix fasciata, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xviii. 1894, p. 331, fasciata pictiventris, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 677. —— sipedon, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1895, p. 387. ok Aad Page 242, Tropidonotus fasciatus. A. Forma typica. r. & (Se. 25; V. 148; Wisconsin. Christiania Mus. C. 69). s. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 132; Alabama. Christiania Mus. C. 68). D. Var. rhombifer. e. d (Sc. 27; V. 146; Now Orleans. Christiania Mus. C. 75). Add -— Page 244. Tropidonotus cyclopium. Natrix cyclopion, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 382. Add:— Page 245. Tropidonotus taxispilotus. Natrix taxispilota, Loennberg, 1. ¢. p. 332. e. Yg. (Sc. 81; V.188; Pensacola, Florida. Christiania Mus. C. 75). Page 246. Add a species :— 47a. Tropidonotus variabilis. Hemigenius variabilis, Dugés, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxv. 1888, p. 182, fig.; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 741, pl. lili. fig. 5 (1893). Posterior maxillary teeth abruptly enlarged. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows, strongly ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 607 keeled, outer row faintly keeled. Ventrals 122-130; anal divided ; subcaudals 438-48. Olive-grey above, with small black spots; upper surface of head speckled with black, back of head nearly entirely black ; pale olive beneath, speckled with blackish on the sides. Total length 290 millim.; tail 65. Mexico. a, & (V. 129; C. 48). Guanajuato. Dr. A. Dugés (C.]; Paris Museum [ E. ]. Add:— Page 246. Tropidonotus sexlineatus. m. Her. gd (V. 153; Madagascar. Christiania Mus. C. 163). Add:— Page 247. Tropidonotus dolichocercus. &. 9 (V. 162; C.111). Ambohimitombo forest, Dr. Forsyth Major Madagascar. (C.}. Page 248. Add a species :— 51a. Tropidonotus balteatus. Trimerodytes balteatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 426 (1895). Internasals longer than broad; prefrontals fused to a single shield ; frontal little longer than broad ; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter then the posterior. Scales smooth, feebly keeled on the tail, in 19 rows. Ventrals 202; anal divided; subcaudals 84. Black, with white or pale yellow rings; labials and oculars with yellow centres ; a yellow line from near the angle of the mouth to near the middle line above ; a pair of yellow spots on the parietal shields near the common suture. Total length 377 millim. ; tail 80. ie Pie te RSs Hainan. Add:— Page 249. Tropidonotus tigrinus. Bothrodytes tigrinus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1896, p. 216. t-u. Yg. (V. 161, 153 ; Chefoo. C. 64, ?). v. Hgr. 2 (V.161; C.71). Chimabara, Japan. Mr. Holst (C.]. Add :— Page 252. Tropidonotus ceylonensis. Bothrodytes ceylonensis, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p- 215. 608 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 253. Tropidonotus stolatus. — Natrix stolata, Cope, J. ec. p. 216. Add :— Page 253. Tropidonotus beddomii. n-p. 3 (V. 148; C. 75) Peermad, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. & 2 (V. 143, 142; (Pi: C, 62, 65). Add :— Page 255. Tropidonotus vittatus. Ceratophallus vittatus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soe, xviii. 1895, p. 216. Add:— Page 255. Tropidonotus nigrocinctus. Tropidonotus nigrocinctus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 322. Add:—- Page 256. Tropidonotus subminiatus. x. & (V.163; C. 75), Nampandet, Shan E, W. Oates, Esq. States, 2000 ft. [P.]. y. 2 (V. 168; C. 88). North Chin hills, E. Y. Watson, Esq. Upper Burma. [P.]. Add :— Page 257. Tropidonotus spilogaster. Bothrodytes spilogaster, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. g. 2 (V. 152; C.97). Highlands of Lepauto, Whitehead Expedition. N. Luzon. h-t. 9 (V. 147, 146; ss Engano, N. Whitehead Expedition. C. ?, 82 mzon. Add:— Page 259. Tropidonotus chrysargus. z-a, Yg. (V. 148, 155; Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. C. 85, 82). B-y. Yg. (V. 153, 176; Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. CO. 85, 80). 6. Her. fo (V. 143; Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. C. 72), : Add :-— Page 260. Tropidonotus monticola. g. 3 (V. 187; C.91). Peermad, Travancore, H.S. Ferguson, Esq. 8300 f. [P.]. Add :— Page 260. Tropidonotus maculatus. d. g (V.140; C.?). | Labuan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. e. 9 (V.148; C.102). Mt. Mulu, Sarawak, OC. Hose, Esq. [C.}. 1000 ft. | i ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 609 Ff 2 (V. 155; C.?). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. g. & (V..140; C. ?). Spitang R., N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. h. Yg.(V.141;C.117). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. ro. . Add :-— Page 261. Tropidonotus saravacensis. g. Q (V. 147; C. 74). Kuching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Add:— Page 263. Tropidonotus flavifrons. b. Yg.(V.149; C. 102). Penriser hills,Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. ce, de, f-h. 3 (V.147, Kina Balu. ' A. Everett, Esq. [C. ]. 146; C. 101, 101), 2 (V. 158; C. 94),& yg. (V. 158, 153, 153; C. 98, 87, 93). Page 265. Add a species :— aa A 75. Tropidonotus halmahericus. ~ oo (Macropophis) halmahericus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 130. Allied to 7. hypomelas and T. dendrophiops, but scales in 15 rows and ventrals 172-180. Head uniform black above, lower halves of labials white; body reddish white with black spots, or barred black and red anteriorly, black, uniform or with two series of round reddish-white spots posteriorly ; belly white anteriorly, gradually darkening to black posteriorly. Total length 1115 millim, ; tail 305. Halmaheira. a Q (V.172; C.?). Halmaheira. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.]; Senckenberg Mus. [E.}. (One of the types.) Add :-— Page 266. Macropisthodon flaviceps. uv. 9 (V. 129; C. 59). Kuching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Add: — Page 267. Macropisthodon rhodomelas. h. Yg. (V. 124; C. 58). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. na i, ¥g. (V. 182; C. 55). Singapore. H. N. Ridley, Esq. PT. Add:— Page 267. Macropisthodon plumbicolor. Tropidonotus plumbicolor, Werner, Verh. zovl.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1893, p- 860. Young specimen, from Ceylon, with 21 rows of scales. Page 268. Add a genus :— 11a. COMPSOPHIS. Compsophis, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom, 1894, no. 17, p. 8. Posterior maxillary teeth largest, separated from the rest by an VoL, III. ZR oe ee 610 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. interspace; anterior mandibular teeth longer than the posterior. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal single. Body short, rounded; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Compsophis albiventris. Compsophis albiventris, Mocg. 1..c. Rostral much broader than deep; internasals as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 148; anal entire; subcaudals 41. Uniform dark brown above, white beneath ; a yellowish-white spot on each temple, and a small yellowish-white spot on each of the six last upper labials. Total length 167 millim. ; tail 28. Ambre Mt. Add = Page 274. Helicops bicolor. Helicops bicolor, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 76 (1895). “Ch UU tae Add :— Page 275. Helicops septemvittatus. Limnophis septemvittatus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 809, pl. Ix. fig. 1 (1895). Add:— Page 275. Helicops allenii. Liodytes allenii, Loennderg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 330. Add:— Page 281. Hydrathiops melanogaster. Hydrethiops melanogaster, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 77 (1895). Ada :— Page 282. Tretanorhinus variabilis. Tretanorhinus variabilis, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 798, pl. lii. figs. 2 & 3 (1895). —— variabilis, var. cubanus, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 795, pl. lii. fig. 3. d-e. 3 (V. 152, 156; C. 66, 65), Cuba. Ada:— Page 282. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus, Bocourt, J. c. p. 798, pl. liv. fig. 1. lateralis, Bocourt, 7. c. p. 800, pl. li. fig. 4. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 611 Ada:— Page 283. Tretanorhinus mocquardii. Tretanorhinus mocquardi, Bocourt, J. ¢. p. 797, pl. lii. fig. 5. Add :— Page 285. Opisthotropis typica. a-c. 5 (V. 184; C. 85) & 9 Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq, [C.]. (V. 175, 174; C. 77, 76). Preefrontals sometimes united. Add:— Page 286. Ischnognathus kirtlandii. Natrix kirtlandii, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215, Add :-— Page 286. Ischnognathus dekayi. N Storeria dekayi, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 742, pl. liii. fig. 1; Loennberg, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvii. 1894, p. 332. o-p. ¢ (V.183; C.53) & Orizaba. F. D. Godman, Esq. @ (V. 148; C.?). {Pel Loennberg records a specimen with 15 rows of scales. Page 287. Add a species :— 2a. Ischnognathus victa. Storeria victa, Hay, Science, xix. 1892, p. 199. Allied to I. dekayi. No loreal; scales in 15 rows; ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 60. Oklawaha River, Florida. Page 287. Ischnognathus occipitomaculata. Add :— Storeria occipitomaculata, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 745, pl. liii. fig. 6; Loennberg, |. ¢. p. 388. Ada:— Page 288. Ischnognathus storerioides. Tropidonotus storericides, Bocourt, J. ¢. p. 750. p. 3 (V. 127; C. 46). Jalisco, N. of R. de F. D, Godman, Esq. : Santiago. [P.]}. ; qg. 9 (V. 181; O. 40). Amula, Guerrero. Mr. H.H.Smith(C.]; F. D.Godman, Esq. re r. & (V. 125; C. 48). Popocatepetl, 9000 ft, Mr. H.H.Smith(C.]; ; F. D.Godman, Esq. [P.]. 2R2 612 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 291. Haldea striatula. d. Q (V. 127; C. 37). Raleigh, N. Carolina. Messrs. Brimley [C.]. Add :— Page 294. Streptophorus atratus. A. (S. lansbergi.) h. Q (V. 146; C. 51). Trinidad. F, W. Urich, Esq. [P.]. B. (S. atratus.) ce. 9 (V. 151; CO. 49). Buenaventura, Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- Colombia. berg [P.]. C. (S. maculatus.) : Jf. Yg. (V. 189; C. 48). Irazu, Costa Rica, F.D.Godman, Esq.[P.). D. (S. sebae.) aa. Her. (V. 148; C. Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]. 63). Jericho, Nica- ragua, 3250 ft. Add:— Page 297. Hydrablabes prefrontalis. a. 3 (V. 202; C. 72). Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [P.]. Add:— Page 300. Trachischium monticola. k. Her. (V. 120; C. 40). Naga hills. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) Page 301 (see p. 419). Trirhinopholis nuchalis, Add :— Trirhinopholis nuchalis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 328. b-c. 2 (V. 140,140; C.27,24), Karin hills, M, L. Fea[C.]. Add:— Page 303. Oxyrhabdium leporinum. ce. g (V. 167; C. 48). Highlands of Lepauto, Whitehead Exped. N. Luzon. Add:— Page 304. Xylophis perroteti. hk. Q (V. 141; C. 19). High Range, Travan- H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq. core, [P.]. Add:— Page 308. Achalinus rufescens. b. g (Sc. 23; V.187; Hong Kong, 1700 ft. J. J. Walker, Esq. C. 76). P.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 613 Add:— Page 309. Achalinus braconnieri. e. ¥g. (V. 180; ©. 48). Mainland opposite J. J. Walker, Esq. [Pe Chusan Islands. Add s— Page 313. Aspidura trachyprocta. i-m, & (V. 142, 141; C. 28, 23), Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. Q (Vv. 147; C. 17), & yg. (V. 147; C. 14). viene Add:— Page 315. Pseudoxyrhopus microps. Pseudoxyrhopus tritzeniatus, Mocguard, CR. Soc. Philom, 1894, no. 9, p. 4 Page 315. Add a species :— 2a. Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis, Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom, 1894, no. 9 p. 4, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) vii. 1895, p. 128. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; frontal a little longer than broad; loreal small; one pre- and two post- oculars; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 147; anal divided; subcaudals 49 pairs or more. Uniform brown above, sandy grey beneath; a white line round the upper lip, along the upper border of the labials. Total length 296 millim. Ambre Mt., Madagascar. 2 Page 316. Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus. Add :-— ec. 2 (V. 148; C. 52). Madagascar. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. \ Page 317. Add a species :— 4a. Pseudoxyrhopus occipitalis. Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 183; anal divided; subcaudals 64. Pale brown above, scales edged with lighter, with two darker longitudinal streaks; crown and nape 614 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. blackish brown, occiput and sides of head yellowish white; lower parts uniform white. Total length 310 millim.; tail 70. Madagascar. a. Hgr. (V. 188; C. 64). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. Add:— Page 317. Lycognathophis sechellensis. Lycognathophis seychellensis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 726. Page 320. Add a genus :— 38 a. MICROPISTHODON. Micropisthodon, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom. 1894, no. 17, p. 7. Maxillary teeth 12; posterior maxillary and mandibular teeth shortest. Head not distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal entire. Body slender, slightly compressed ; scales narrow, smooth, oblique, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Micropisthodon ochraceus. Micropisthodon ochraceus, Moeg. J. ¢. p. 8. Rostral large, twice as broad as deep; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout; supraoculars longer than the frontal, nearly as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one or two pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are short. Scales in 17 rows, very finely striated. Ventrals 145; anal divided; subcaudals 138. Light ochraceous brown above, with fine darker dots and small spots ; two black lines on the neck, converging behind. Total length 687 millim. ; tail 260. Nossi Bé. Page 324, Add a species :— 2a. Gonionotophis klingii. Gonionotophis klingi, Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr, 1893, p. 172, Rostral hardly visible from above ; internasals much broader than long; prefrontals a little longer than broad; frontal as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal more than twice as long as broad; one pre-and two postoculars; tew- porals 2+2; seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 615 are longer than the posterior. Scales very strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire; subcaudals 92. Blackish brown above, each scale light-edged ; yellowish beneath. Total length 420 millim.; tail 125. Togoland, W. Africa. Page 326. Add a genus :— 42a, GLYPHOLYCUS. Glypholycus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, :p. 629 (1894). Dentition as in Lamprophis and Bothrolycus. Head rather small and depressed; eye small, with round pupil; nostril valvular, directed upwards; a longitudinal groove on each side of the head, separating the labials from the shields above. Body elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 23 or 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Central Africa. 1. Glypholycus bicolor. Glypholycus bicolor, Giinth. 7. ¢. fig. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals longer than broad, very narrow in front, shorter than the prefrontals ; eyes and nostrils directed upwards ; nasal semidivided ; frontal small, about once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep ; one pree- and two postoculars; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 155-184; anal entire; subcaudals 56-69. Dark brown above; two outer rows of scales and lower parts whitish ; a brown line along the meeting edges of the subcaudals. Total length 530 millim.; tail 140. Lake Tanganyika. a-f. 3 (Se. 23, 28, 25, 28, Lake Tanganyika. E. Coode-Hore, Esq. t3° V. 159,155,158,160, (P.]. (‘Lypes.) 158; 0. 63, ?, 2, 65, 69) & 2 (Se. 23; V. 184; C. 56). me Page 327. Cyclocorus lineatus. f. Q (V. 187; C. 44). Placer, N.E. Min- A. Everett, Esq.[C.]. danao. g. 2 (V. 167; C.?). Highlands of Lepauto, Whitehead Exped. N. Luzon. ; h. 9 (V. 153; C.?). Isabella, N.E. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. i. 9 (V. 149; C. 45). Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. 616 Add :— ADDENDA AND COKRIGENDA, Page 327. BOODON. Theleus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 482. Add :— Page 332. Boodon lineatus. Bozedon lineatus, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvi. 1894, p. 727 ; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 78 (1895). Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. Se H. H. Johnston Pi}. o-d. 2 (Se. 29, 31, 29; V.. 225, 228, 219; C. 49, 48, 51) & yg. (Se. 29, 97,31, 29 ; V. 220, 201, 212, 208; C.?, 62, 66, 63). «bb, Her. (Se. 27; V. 188; C. 67) & yg. (Sc. g 97 ; V. 198, 199; C. 50, 58). ce. . i 88; V. 249; jee Ye. (Se. 31, 29; V. 229, 215; C. 55, 64), Jf. Ad, head and neck. gg. Ye. (Se. 831; V. 220; ). C. 55 Add :— m-o. & (Sc. 25, 27; V. 198, 189; C. 55, 52) & yg. (Se. 25; V. 183; C. 53). Add :— Negatana, E. Africa. Mt. Maka, Kapti Plains. Bolama, Senegambia. Uganda. Uganda. Mouth of the Loango. Dr. J. W. Gregory Pj}. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.}. R. Kitching, Esq. P [P.]. scat tniot, Esq, Soe F. J. Jackson, [P.]. Page 336. Boodon olivaceus. Mr. H. J. Duggan [C.}. = Page 338. Lycophidium laterale. Lycophidium laterale, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 82 (1895). Add :— Page 339. Lycophidium capense. Lycophidium capense, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 339 (1895), ig (A. V. 192; ©. 41). k-l,m. 3 (B. V. 190, 186 ; C. 46, 47) & yg. (A. V. 194; C. 88). n. 3 (B. V. 180; C. 37). o. Yg.(B. V. 163; C. 36). p. Yg. (B. V. ?, ©. 86). BR ¢ (B. V. 180; C. 34). og (GC. V.181; C. 33). East London, Cape of H. 8. Thorne, Esq. P.]. Good Hope. Zomba, Brit. ro. Africa, Kariti, E. Africa. Mkonumbi, E. Africa. N. Giriama, E. Africa. Ugogo. Caconda, Angola. [ Sm H. H. Johnston [Pe]. Dr. J. W. Gregory P. Dr. [P.} py W. Gregory Mr. Baxter [C.]. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. Ww. Gregory ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 617 Ada Page 340. Lycophidium irroratum. apn (Lycodon) nigromaculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1863, p. 288. h-l. 3 (V. 168; C. 34), Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. 2 (V. 165, 169; C. 36, [Pal 82), & her. (V. 169; C. 41). Ada:— Page 342. Lycophidium semicinctum. B. (Var. albomaculata.) e-h. 3 (V. 190, 188; C. Bissao. V. H. Cornish, Esq. 46, 47), 9 (V. 200; C. P.], pe & yg. (V. 189; C. tk. 3 (V. 190; C.47) & Bolama, Senegambia. R. Kitching, Esq. @ (V. 205; OC. 34). [P.]. The 2 from Bolama measures 630 millim. D. (Intermediate between B and C.) a. 3 (V. 199; C. 55). Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.}. Add:— Page 344. Hormonotus modestus. e-f. 9 (B. V. 234, 231; Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan C. ?, 83). [C.]. Add :— Page 345. Simocephalus capensis. ? Simocephalus guirali, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 84 (1895). b,c. b (V. 212; CO. 54) Zomba, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston & 2 (V. 222; C, 47). P.). Add :— Page 346. Simocephalus guirali. ce. Her. 9 (V. 246; Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan C. 64). , [C.}. = Page 347. Add two species :— 3a. Simocephalus chanleri. Simocephalus chanleri, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 726. Rostral visible from above, its depth two thirds its width ; inter- nasals slightly broader than long, two thirds the length of the pre- frontals ; frontal as long as broad, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five 618 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are considerably larger than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, all strongly keeled. Olive-grey above, yellowish beneath. Island Manda, N. of Lamu, E. Africa. 3 6. Simocephalus crossii. Simocephalus crossii, Bouleny. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 33. Eye moderately large. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are short, like the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 234; anal entire; subcaudals 53. Blackish above and on the outer end of the ventrals, yellowish white beneath. Total length 410 millim.; tail 50. Niger. a, (V. 234; C. 53), Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) Add :— Page 351. Lycodon jara. h. 2 (V. 183; C. 68). Bengal P Dr. Cantor. Add :— Page 354, Lycodon aulicus. D. kk-ll. 3 (V.190; C. 72) & Luzon. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. @ (V. 196; C. 58). Add :— Pago 357. Lycodon stormi. a. 2 (V. 220; C. 73). Buol, Celebes. De i & F, Sarasin cP.) Add :— Page 357. Lycodon albofuscus. e. Hgr. (V. 284; C.177). Rejang R., Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Add :— Page 358. Lycodon fasciatus. ce. Hgr. 9 (V. 201; C. Shillong, Assam. H. M. Phipson, Esq. 74). [P.]. Add:— Page 360. Lycodon subcinctus. m. 9 (V.207; C.65). Muching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. n. Yg. (V. 205; C. 67). Sandakan, N. Borneo, a om Cator, Esq. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 619 Add :— Page 361. Dinodon rufozonatus. Dinodon rufozonatus, Boetig. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1895, p. 108 (Loo Choo Ids.), Add :— Page 363. Dinodon septentrionalis. Tieden septentrionalis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 824, e. Her. (A. V. 210; C. 87). Cobapo, Karin hills. M. L. Fea [C.]. Add :— Page 364. STEGONOTUS. Stegonotus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 197. Add :— Page 367. Stegonotus modestus. m. Yg. (V. 193; C. 76). Trobriand Ids. Mr. Meek [C.}. Page 367. Add two species :— 3a. Stegonotus guentheri. Stegonotus guentheri, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 31. Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal about twice as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-197; anal entire; subcaudals 75 pairs. Black or blackish brown above, turning to pale brown on the sides ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total Jength 1150 millim.; tail 230. 8.E. New Guinea, a-c. § (V.197; C.?) & Q Fergusson Id. Mr. Meek [C.]. (V. 180, 193; C. 76, ?). (Types.) 35, Stegonotus reticulatus. Stegonotus modestus (non Schieg.), Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 120 (1894). ; —— reticulatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 31. Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fifth to one fourth its distance from the frontal ; . internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than’ the 620 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep ; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 200-203; anal entire; subcaudals 75-78 pairs. Pale greyish brown above, white on the sides, each scale edged with black; head uniform black above ; lower parts white. Total length 1140 millim; tail 250. The largest specimen, with mutilated tail, measures 1080 millim. from snout to vent. ‘S.E. New Guinea. a-b. 2 (V. 203, 201; C. ?, 78). Fergusson Id. Mr. Meek [C.]. . (Types.) e. d (V. 200; C. 75). New Guinea. Add:— Page 369. DRYOCALAMUS. Hemidipsas, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 181 (1858). Add:— Page 371. Dryocalamus subannulatus. Hemidipsas ocellata, Giéinth. Cat. p. 182 (1858). ec. 2 (V. 225; C. 88). —?P Zoological Society. (Type of H. ocellata.) d. 2 (V. 282; C. 95). Singapore. mt N. Ridley, Esq. P.j. Add:— Page 373. Dryocalamus tristrigatus. 6. & (V. 2381; C. 93). Claudetown, Baram R., OC. Hose, Esq. [C.] Sarawak. e. f (V. 229; C.96). Mt. Mulu, Sarawak, C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 2000 ft. d. 3 (V. 231; 0.93). Labuan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. e. 2 (V. 219; C.91). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Add :— Page 373. PSEUDASPIS. Ophirhina, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. viii. 1882, p. 300. Add:— Page 373. Pseudaspis cana. Coluber elegantissimus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 96 (1768). ocellatus, Gimel. S, N.i. p. 1118 (1788). Ophirhina anchiete, Bocage, 1. c. Coronella cana, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 525, Pseudaspis cana, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 100, pl. x. (1895). 8. a Ae 25; V. 186; Caconda, Angola. Prof. B. du Bocage C. 57). P.]. t. Yg. ee 27; V.194; 8S. Africa. Christiania Museum. C. 4 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 621 u-v. 9 (Se. 29, 27; V. Victoria West. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk 206, 207; ©, 50, 2). (P.]. aoe in 27; V. 188; Zomba, Brit.C. Africa, Sir it H. Johnston P.}. xv. & (Se. 27; V. 185; Chiradzula, Brit. C. is Ww H. Johnston C. 50). Africa. [P:): Add :— Page 377. Zaocys carinatus. Zaocys carinatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii, 1893, p. 824. Add:— Page 378. Zaocys fuscus. f-g. & (V. 193, 196; E. coast of Sumatra. Mrs. Findlay [P.]. C. 163, 169). h. 3 (V. 188; C. ?). Mt. Mulu, Sarawak, OC. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 2000 ft. a 3 (V.194; C. ?). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Add :— Page 379. ZAMENIS. Hemidryas, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 394. Acanthocalyx, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, xviii. 1895, p. 204. Tylanthera, Cope, 1. c. p. 205. Add :-— Page 383, Zamenis dipsas. Ahetulla (Hemidryas) dipsas, Peters § Doria, l. c. p. 892, fig. Ada :— Page 385. Zamenis korros. q. 3 (V. 162; C. 127). Taipang, Perak. 8, Flower,Esq. [P.]. Adds— Page 386. Zamenis mucosus. ¢ Yg. (V. 191; C. 107). | Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. Ada :— Page 387. Zamenis constrictor. Zamenis stejnegerianus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 678. —— conirostris, Cope, /.¢. p. 879. 8. 2 (V. 178; C. 85). 8. Francisco. Christiania Museum. Eight upper labials and two superposed loreals. hide Page 388. Zamenis lineatus. Zamenis flavigularis, part. Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 120 (1894), Add :— Page 389. Zamenis mentovarius. Zamenis flavigularis, part., Giinth, 1. ¢. 622 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add:— Page 390. Zamenis flagelliformis. — Bascanium flagellum frenatum, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p- 208 (1898). 2 —— flagellum, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1895, p. 595. Ae a= Page 391. Zamenis teniatus. Zamenis semilineatus, Ginth. Biol. C-Am., Rept., p. 121, pl. xlvi. fig. A (1894). —— ornatus, Giinth. 1. e. p. 122, pl. xlvi. fig. B. lateralis fuliginosus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 679. Add:— Page 392. Zamenis pulcherrimus. a lemniscatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 203, Add:— Page 392. Zamenis mexicanus. Bascanium mexicanum, Cope, J. ¢. p. 203. Add :— Page 394. Zamenis grahamia. h. Yg. (V.179; C.108). Amula, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.] ; F. D, Godman, Esq. [P.]. Var. hexalepis. Salvadora grahamiz hexalepis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 205, pl. iii. fig. 2. In this form the eye is sometimes separated from the labials by a series of suboculars. Add:— Page 394. Zamenis spinalis. e. Yg. (V. 206; CO. 90). Chefoo. Kadi Page 395. Zamenis gemonensis. Zamenis gemonensis, Mind-Palumbo, Nat. Sicil. xii. 1892, p. 55 ; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 624 (1894) ; Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 84. A. w. Her. 9 (Sc. 19; V. Dalmatia. Christiania Mus. 179; C. 93). x. ae (Sc. 19; V. 209; Sicily. Christiania Mus. C.?) : B. (Var. caspius.) d. 3 (8c. 19; V. 197; Salonica. J. Southgate, Esq C. 107). (P.}. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 623 Add:— Page 397. Zamenis dahlii. ser aa Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn, u. Herzeg. ii. p. 627 m, Hgr. (V. 210; C. 112). Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [E.]. Kod Page 398. Zamenis rhodorhachis, Zamenis ladacensis, var. subnigra, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 118. —— rhodorhachis, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 654. y. Yg. (V.229; C.129). Zaila, Somaliland. Capt. Nurse [P.]. Add:— Page 399. Zamenis ventrimaculatus. Acanthocalyx ventrimaculatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215. Page 401. Add two species :— 17a. Zamenis rogersi. Zamenis rogersi, Anders. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xii. 1898, p. 439. Allied to Z. rhodorhachis and Z. ventrimaculatus, but rostral about half as deep as broad. Ventrals 197-201; anal divided; sub- caudals 95-105. Pale sandy, with a dorsal series of large, light- edged dark spots, alternating on each side with a series of smaller spots; sides of head and neck orange; a dark oblique streak below the eye and an oblique band on the temple ; uniform white beneath. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 215. Lower Egypt. a. Yg. (V. 198; 0.95). Deserteast of Helouan, Dr. J. Anderson | near Cairo. ails = b. g (V.197; C.105). Beltim, Delta. Dr. ce 4 [P.]. ® c. 9 (V. 201; C. 96). Suez. ‘ a i Anderson \— 176. Zamenis brevis. Zamenis brevis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, pl. iii. fig. 3. Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the praefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two fifths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not in contact with the frontal, with a subocular below it; two post- oculars; temporals 2-++2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth enter- ing the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and 624 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 159 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 76. Pale greyish above, with four longi- tudinal series of pale grey-brown spots, the two vertebral series formed of larger spots which are partly confluent; a blackish spot below the eye; lower parts white. Total length 200 millim.; tail 47. Ogaden, Somaliland. Page 402. Add a species :— 19a. Zamenis smithii. Zamenis smithi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 536, pl. xxx. fig. 2. Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontal ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two fifths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two suboculars below it; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine (exceptionally ten) upper labials, fifth and sixth (or sixth and seventh) entering the eye: four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Ventrals very obtusely angulate laterally, 171-185; anal divided ; subcaudals 100. Uniform pale buff above, pinkish on the sides; a greyish blotch below the eye and another across the temple ; white beneath. Total length 560 millim.; tail 170. Western Somaliland and Gallaland. a. 3 (V.171; C.100). Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith [P.]. (One of the types.) 6. 3 (V.171; C. ?). W. of Juba R. Dr. Donaldson Smith [C.]. Add :— Page 403. Zamenis florulentus. Tylanthera florulenta, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos, Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215. wu. & (V.215; C.?). | Mandara, near Alex- = Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. andria. v. @ (V. 217; C. 99). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Add :— Page 404, Zamenis gracilis. ? Coluber cinereus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 37, pl. xxiii. fig. 2 (1754). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 625 Add :— Page 405. Zamenis ravergieri. Zamenis ravergieri, Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 85; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 11. Add :— Page 407. Zamenis nummifer. Zamenis nummifer, Peracca, 1. c. p. 12. s. & (Se. 23; V. 203; — Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. C. ?). t-u. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 210, Helouan, near Cairo. Dr. A. Fényes [P.]. 218; C. 83, 84). Add:— Page 409. Zamenis algirus. Zamenis algirus, Werner, Verh. zovl.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 84 f-h. Q (Se. 25; V. 225; Between Batna 2 and Biskra, 100 V. 222; Sfax, Tunisia. Christiania Mus, Add :— Page 409, Zamenis hippocrepis. Zamenis hippocrepis, Mina-Palumbo, Nat. Stcil. xii. 1892, p. 80. gy. Q (Se.27; V.237; C.97). Seville. Prof. Calderon [E.]. Add :— Page 411. Zamenis diadema. Zamenis diadema, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 12. m, 9 (Sc.29; V. 242; 0.75). Fayed, Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson (P.]. Add :-— Page 413. Zamenis microlepis. Zamenis microlepis, Werner, Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wren, xlv. 1895, p. 18, pl. iii. fig. 4. VOL, III. 2s 626 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. VOL. II. / Add :-— Page 8. DRYMOBIUS. Cacocalyx, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 497. = fdas Page 13. Drymobius boddaertii. B. e. b (V. 178; C. 100). Monte Redondo, Costa Mr. Underwood [C.]. Rica. «Add :— Page 15. Drymobius rhombifer. h. Yg. (V. 154; C. 86). Chiriqui. J. G. Champion, Esq. [C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. “ — Add:— Page 15. Drymobius bivittatus. 6. Hgr. 3 (V. 145; C. 122). Cali, Colombia, Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg 3200 ft. 0.1. ~ Add:— Page 15. Drymobius dendrophis. Drymobius paucicarinatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 202. Crossanthera melanotropis, Cope, 7. ¢. p. 208. 2 sda: Page 17. Drymobius margaritiferus. Masticophis margaritiferus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 162 Add :-— Page 19. Phrynonax sulphureus. ? Seba, Thes. ii. pl. Ixviii. fig. 38 (1735), ? Coluber caracaras, Gmel. S. .N. i. p. 1117 (1788). © Add:— Page 20. Phrynonax pecilonotus. d-e. 3 (V. 202,199; Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- C, 125, 122), berg [C.]. Add:— Page 22. Phrynonax fasciatus. d. Her. (V. 201; C.180). Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- . berg [C.]. e. Yg. (V.201; C. 119). Larecaja, Bolivia. Ff. Yg. (V. 195; ©. 118), Aschiquiri, Bolivia. Add :— Page 22. Phrynonax eutropis. Phrynonax eutropis, Buettg. Bull. Trinid. Club, ii, 1894, p. 85. Trinidad. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 627 Kade Page 24. COLUBER. Aepidea, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 488. Leptophidium, Hadlow. 0. ¢. p. 498. Epiglottophis, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 204. Adda :— Page 32. Coluber corais. C. d. 3 (V. 189; C. 67). N. Carolina. H. Hanauer, Eyq. [P.]. Add :— Page 38. Coluber triaspis. e. Hgr. (Se. 35; V. 266; C. 87). Yucatan, Add:— Page 39. Coluber guttatus. . ene guttatus, Loennherg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvii, 1894, p. 326. Add :-— Page 47. Coluber teniurus. Coluber teniurus, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 144. a Page 50. Coluber obsoletus. bee Coluber obsoletus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 391, i Add :— Page 54. Coluber longissimus. Dp. $ (Se. 23; V.219; Kaposvar, Himgary. Prof. L. v. Méhely [F.]. C. 79). Page 56. Add a species :— 29a. Coluber schmackeri. Coluber schmackeri, Boetty. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1895, p. 108. Allied to C. moellendorffii, but preocular not reaching the frontal, and scales perfectly smooth. Rostral broader than deep ; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh entering the eye. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 260; anal divided ; subcaudals 104. Greenish grey above, with a dorsal series of W- or X-shaped blackish markings ; tail with four black stripes ; yellowish beneath, spotted and mottled with blackish. Total length 2080 millim.; tail 445. Loo Choo Islands. Add :— Page 57. Coluber oxycephalus. Aepidea robusta, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 488. 0. Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 286; CatanduanesId.,S.E. Whitehead Exped, - ©. 129). Luzon. p. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 247; Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. C. 132). 282 4S 628 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 59. Coluber quadrivirgatus. Leptophidium dorsale, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 498. Add :— Page 63. Coluber erythrurus. A. h. Ye. (V. 211; C. 92). Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. a. Hes (V. 225 ; C. 94). Tavi-Tavi, Sooloo Ids. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Add :— Page 73. Herpetodryas carinatus. Zaocys torvieri, Werner, Verh. xool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1896, p. 16, pl. i. fig. 1. A. e. o (V. 159; C. 129). Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. f. & (V. 149; C.111). Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. rhe Rosen- berg [C.] In the Tatton specimen, the lateral scales and the outer ends of the ventrals, on the anterior half of the body, vermilion red. C. n. & (V. 185; C.177). R. Ucayale. Dr. K. A. Géldi [P-]. Add:— Page 76. Herpetodryas fuscus. F. Brick-red above, bright orange beneath. a. & (V. 163; 0. 114). Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.}. Ade es Page 76. Herpetodryas melas. a. 9 (V.154;C.?). Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]}. Mads Page 79. Dendrophis pictus. mw. & (V.172; C. 149). Albay, S. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. : (V. 173; C.?). Tavi-Tavi, Sooloo Ids. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. o. 9 (V.176; C. 140). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. fc. r. 9 (V.156; C. 138). Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. Ride Page 80. Dendrophis calligaster. Dendrophis punctulatus, part., Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 120 (1894). E. n-qg. 3 (V. 182,181; C. 144, Fergusson Id., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. a i 2 (V. 188, 184; New Guinea. ’). rs. “9 W. 187,181; C.146, Trobriand Ids., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. 146). New Guinea. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 629 Add :— Page 83. Dendrophis punctulatus. Elaps lewisii, Gray, in Grey’s Trav. Austral, ii, p. 444 (1841). Dendrophis bilorealis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. viii. 1883, p. 435, & ix. 1884, p. 549. — punctulatus, Boetty. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 110 (1894). C. Black above, olive or blackish beneath, with the exception of the chin and throat, which are white; ventral keels whitish. (D. dilorealis, Macleay.) a. Q (V. 201; C. 120). Queensland. Christiania Mus. Aads— Page 84. Dendrophis formosus. Dendrophis pictus, Boettg. in Semon, op. cit. p. 123. g- @ (V. 185; C. 144). Sandakan, N. Borneo. Douglas Cator, Esq. P:1; kh, Hgr. (V. 183; 0.144). Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. ie ‘Raa 23 Page 86. Dendrophis lineolatus. Dendrophis punctulatus, part., Boettg. in Semon, op. cit. p. 120. k-o. & (V. 202,201; C. Fergusson Id., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. 187, 133), Q (V. 196; New Guinea. C. 148), hgr. (V. 195; C. 139), & yg. (V. 202; Gs 2), Page 86. Add a species :— 8a. Dendrophis meeki. Dendrophis meeki, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 32. Maxillary teeth 32 or 33. Eye very large, as long as its distance from the centre or the anterior border of the nostril. Rostral nearly twice as long as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds or twice as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 242 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; tive lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows, vertebrals about as large as outer. Ventrals 170-178 ; anal divided; subcaudals 139-147. Dark olive above; upper lip white, sharply limited above by a black line passing through the eye ; lower parts pale olive, more or less freckled with darker. Total length 1160 millim. ; tail 420. Fergusson Id., British New Guinea. a-d. & (V. 174; C.147) Fergusson Id. My. Meek [C.] (Types.) & 9 (V. 175,178, 170; C. 141, 146, 139). 630 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 89. Dendrelaphis tristis. s. Hgr. (V. 176; C. 180). Ceylon. Dr. Bowles [P.]. Loreal absent on the left side. Add:— Page 89. Dendrelaphis caudolineatus. Dendrophis picta, Motley § Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 46, pl. — (1855). z 2 (V. 180; C. 106). Sandakan, N. Borneo. rons Cator, Esq. P.]s Add == Page 91. Dendrelaphis terrificus. e. 2, head & tail. Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. Add :— Page 91. Dendrelaphis modestus. e-d. Q (V.186, 190; ©. Halmaheira. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.] ?, 191 P, 121). Senckenberg Mus. E.]. e. Hgr. (V. 185; C.121). Batjan. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.] Senckenberg Mus. (Ej. Page 91. Add a species :— 6. Dendrelaphis papuensis. Dendrelaphis papuensis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, - p. 409. Maxillary teeth 21 or 22. Eye as long as its distance from the nostril. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 185-190; anal divided; subcaudals 119-126. Olive-brown above, head and neck dark, blackish; a black streak on each side of the head and neck, passing through the eye; upper lip white; vertebral scales on anterior part of body lighter, edged with whitish in front; ventrals and subcaudals pale olive. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 310. Trobriand Ids., British New Guinea. a-e. 6 (V. 190; C. 119) Trobriand Ids. Mr. Meek [C.]. (Types.) & 2 (V. 188, 188, 185, 185; C. ?, 124, 125, 126). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 631 Add :— Page 93. Chlorophis ornatus. ia ornatus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 93, pl. xii. fig. 1 Add:— Page 94. Chlorophis neglectus. m-n. 6 (V.149; C. 97) Zomba, Brit. C. Sir H. H. Johnston & 9 (V. 155; C. 84). Africa. fas o. 6 (V. 152; C. 87). Mandala, Brit. C. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. Africa. : p. 2-(V.163; C. ?). Witu, E. Africa. IF. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.] Add :-— Page 95. Chlorophis heterolepidotus. eee gracillimus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 528, Philothamnus heterolepidotus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 88 (1895). Add :— Page 96. Chlorophis irregularis. ? Coluber caesius, Cloguet, Dict. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 201 (1818). Chlorophis guentheri, Giinth. 1. c. shirana, Giinth. l. ¢. Philothamnus irregularis, Bocage, J. c. p. 85, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1895). y. 2 (V.162; C. 112). Mandala, Brit. C. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. Africa. zy. 2 (V.171; C.102) Lower Niger. W.H. Crosse, Esq. (P.]. & yg. (V. 170, 158, 175; C. 108, 123, 117). Add :—— Page 98. Chlorophis heterodermus. Philothamnus heterodermus, Bocage, J. c. p. 89. 1. Her. Q (V. 157; 0. 80). Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Add:— Page 99. Philothamuus semivariegatus. Philothamnus kirkii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 528. bocagii, Giinth. 1. . a —— semivariegatus, Bocage, 1. v. p. 90, pl. xili. fig. 2. a. ¢ (V. 189; C. 157). Upper Shiré R. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. Wad sas Page 101. Philothamnus dorsalis. Philothamnus dorsalis, Bocage, J. ¢. p. 92, pl. xiii. fig. 1. f. & (V. 167; C. 126). Lower Congo. Rev. J. Pinnock (C.]. Add :-— Page 103. Gastropyxis smaragdina. ; q. b (V. 162; C. 157). Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. 632 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 104. Add a genus :— 69 a. RHAMNOPHIS. Rhaninophis, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 129, and Zool. Rec. 1864, p. 122. Crypsidomus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 309. Maxillary teeth 20 to 23, the three last longest and separated from the rest by an interspace; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Head rather short, distinct from neck; eye very large, with round pupil. Body compressed; scales very narrow, smooth or keeled, with apical pits, disposed obliquely, in 17 or 19 rows, vertebral row enlarged; ventrals obtusely keeled laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. , Tropical Africa. Might be united with Thrasops. 1. Rhamnophis ethiops. Rhamnophis ethiopissa, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 129, pl. x. Crypsidomus ethiops, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 64. Chrysidomus ethiops, Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 616. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal bell-shaped, little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; a pair of very large occipitals may be present ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 158-179 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 140-158. Black above, each scale with a green streak; head pale olive, the shields spotted and edged with black ; yellowish or pale olive beneath, outer ends of ventrals green, edged with black ; subcaudals with three black streaks. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 530. Guinea. a, Hers (V.175; C. 152). W. Africa. (Type.) &. 2 (V. 158; C. 140). Liberia. Dr. Biittikofer [C.]. ce. Her. (V. 159; C. ?). Sierra Leone. Sir A. Kennedy [P.]. d. 9 (V.179; C. 158). Fernando Po. Dr. Statham et e. ¢ (V. 169; C. 141). Gaboon. 2. Rhamnophis jacksonii. Thrasops jacksonii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 528. Differs from the preceding in the larger rostral, which is but little broader than deep, the shorter loreal, three postoculars, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 633 temporals 1+1, and scales keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 198; subcaudals 138. Uniform black above and beneath. Total length 1670 millim. ; tail 590. East Africa. a, Ad., skin (V. 198; Kavirondo. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. C. 188). (Type.) Add :-— Page 111. Leptophis bilineatus. f. d (V. 153; C. 148). Buenaventura,, Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg Colombia. [C.]. Page 111. Add a species :-— 8a. Leptophis ultramarinus. Leptophis ultramarinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 203. Eye as long as its distance from the rostral. Praocular reaching the frontal; two postuculars ; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials ; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows, five median rows keeled. Ventrals feebly angulate, 168; anal divided ; subcaudals 176. Uniform ultramarine-blue above, silvery white below and on the outer scales and upper lip. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 425. Pazu Azul, Costa Rica. Add :— Page 111. Leptophis occidentalis. Leptophis occidentalis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. |xiii. fig. 1 (1895). k. 9 (V. 181; C. 176). Brit. Honduras. Ada: Page 112. Leptophis nigromarginatus. saat pose Leptophis nigromarginatus, Bocourt, J. e. p. 826, pl. lxiii. fig. 3. 7. @ (V. 150; C. 134). Rio Ucayale. Dr. E. A, Géldi [P.}. Rides Page 113. Leptophis liocercus. eo Leptophis ahztulla, Bocourt, i. c. p. 821, pl. Ixii. fig. 2. Hiocercus, Bocourt, J. c. p. 828, pl. Ix. fig. 3. —— marginatus, Bocourt, J. c. p. 824, pl. Ixili. fig. 4. o-p, q-r. & (V. 161, 149; C. 146, Rio Ucayale. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. 126) & 2 (V. 175, 151; C. 156, 134), Add :— Page 118. DROMICUS. ee Monobothris, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 841. Halsophis, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii, 1895, p. 201. 634 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. / ie a i. ph Add :— Page 122. Dromicus sancte-crucis. Vi e-h. 3 (V. 173,176; C.?, 121), Mona. Hr. W. Wolterstorff [P.]. © (V. 177; C. 118), & yg. (V.170; C. 128). Add :— Page 126. LIOPHIS. Opheomorphus, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 60 (1846). Echinanthera, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 841. oS haa Page 129. Liophis triscalis. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lii. tig. 4, & pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber corallinus, Linn. Mus. Ad, Frid. p. 33 (1754). Add :-— Page 136. Liophis viridis. f. bd (V. 165; C. 68). Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. Adds Page 136. Liophis typhlus. Philodryas crassifrons (non Cope), Boetty. Zettschr. f. Naturw. lviii. 1885, p. 235. : l. Q (V. 165; C. ?). Paraguay. Add :— Page 143. Liophis flavilatus. Rhadinea flavilatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, pp. 202 & 217. Add :— Page 147. Xenodon colubrinus. t. d (V. 148; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Jericho, Dr. E. Rothschuh Nicaragua. [C.]. Add = Page 155. Heterodon platyrhinus. Heterodon platyrhinus, 2hoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 393. Page 158. Aporophis lineatus. Bieted } Erase from the synonymy :— Lygophis dilepis, Cope, and add :— Coluber atratus, part., Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1103 (1788). Aporophis lineatus, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no. 195, p. 16. Page 158. Add a species :— la. Aporophis dilepis. Lygophis dilepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 81. Aporophis dilepis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 191; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no. 195, p. 15. Closely allied to A. lineatus. Agreeing in the number (19) of ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 635 rows of scales and in the coloration ; differing in the shorter tail (4-44 times in the total length). Ventrals 165-179 ; subcaudals 71-93. Yellowish olive above, with a reddish-brown, black-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide, and a narrower, black lateral stripe ; three and a half outer rows of scales, upper lip, and lower parts uniform ellow. Total length 490 millim.; tail 120. Paraguay. «. 3 (V.179; C. 71). Rio Apa, N. Paraguay. Dr. Borelli [C.]; Turin Mus. [E. ]. Add :-— Page 160. RHADINAAA. Teeniophallus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 201. Add :— Page 171. Rhadinza genimaculata. e. & (V. 207; C. 71). Marajo, nr. Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]}. Adds Page 172. Rhadinza serperastra. a. Yg. (V. 169; ©. 60). La Palma, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [C.]. Add :— Page 174, Rhadinza undulata. Teeniophallus nicagus, Cope, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 217. Add :— Page 176. Rhadinza occipitalis. g-h. & (V. 162, 165; C. 77,79). Yungas, Bolivia. Add :— Page 179. Rhadinwa vittata. n. Her., A. (V. 165; C. 85). Omilteme, Guerrero. F.D. Godman, Esq. P.]. o. Yg.,B. (V. 164; C.116). Omilteme, Guerrero. rb Godman, Esq. [P.]. p. Hger., C. (V. 180; C. 111). 8S. Mexico. BD Godman, Esq. q. Yg.,C. (V. 150; C. 130). Mezquital del Oro, Dr. A. C. Buller Zacatecas. [C.]. Page 179. Add a species :— 24a. Rhadinza pulveriventris. Eye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; 636 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 132; anal divided ; subcaudals 66. Reddish brown above; a black lateral line betweon the fourth and fifth rows of scales, edged above with yellowish on the anterior part of the body; this line widens on the neck and head, and, passing through the eye, joins its fellow on the end of the snout; upper lip white; belly pinkish yellow, finely speckled all over with blackish. Total length 430 millim.; tail 140. Costa Rica, u. 2 (V. 1382; C. 66). Azahar de Cartago. Mr. Underwood (C.}. Add :— Page 182. Urotheca lateristriga. e. Yg. (V. 185; C. 117). Costa Rica. f-y. -& (V. 182, 184; La Palma, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [C.}. C. 91, 101). ‘Kaa Page 183. Urotheca elapoides. Erythrolamprus venustissimus, spec. 2, Giinth. Cat. p. 48 (1858). hk. 3, A. a (V. 128; C. 102). Mexico. My. H. Finck [C.]. 1 9, A. 6. (V. 184; C.?). Atoyac, Guerrero. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. m. Yg., A. 6. (V.124; C.114). Belize. J n. 2, Ab. (V.188; C.?). Para. J.P.G. Smith, Esq. [P.]. o. 2, ©, 6 broad black rings Yucatan. i on the body (V. 134; C.?). Add :— Page 184. Urotheca bicincta. d. Yg. (Se. 19; V. 179; Para. Dr, E. A. Goldi [P.1. C. 74). 7 Add :-— Page 185. Trimetopon gracile. ec. o (V. 182; C. 638). Turrialba, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [0.}. Page 185. Add a species :— 2. Trimetopon pliolepis. Trimetopon pliolepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 201. Apparently closely ailied to, and possibly identical with, 7’. gracile. The only important difference seems to be in the number of rows of scales, viz. 17 instead of 15. Ventrals 154; subcaudals 69. Coloration more obscure. Total length 287 millim. ; tail 76. San José, Costa Rica. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 637 Mas Page 186. Dimades plicatilis. Pseuderyx plicatilis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 802, pl. Ix. fig. 7 (1895). ~—— plicatilis, var. anomalolepis, Bocourt, J. e. p. 804, pl. lx. fig. 6. Page 186. Add a species :— 2. Dimades mimeticus. ty mimeticus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 95. Head-shields as in D. plicatilis. Ventrals 163; subcaudals 85. Dorsal region brown for a width of five and two half rows of scales ; sides on the third and fourth, and half of the second and fifth rows, marked with a black band, which extends from the eye to the end of the tail and is edged with yellow above; a yellow band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lips black, yellow-spotted; below yellow with two small brown spots on each ventral shield and one on each caudal. Total length 490 millim.; tail 56. Mamoré R., Eastern Bolivia. Add :— Page 187. Hydrops triangularis. Pseuderyx triangularis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 806, pl. Ix. tig. 5 (1895). Kaas Page 187. Hydrops martii. Pseudoeryx callostictus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 103. Pseuderyx martii, Bocourt, J. c. p. 805, pl. lx. fig. 4. Add :— Page 192. Coronella austriaca. Coronella austriaca, Sarauw, Natur. og Mennesk. xii. 1894, p. 379; Loennberg, Biol. Centralbl. xv. 1895, p. 672, figs. bb. 9 (V.178; C.41). Brasso, Hungary. Prof. L. v. Méhely (E.]. ce. § (V.174; C. 58). —- Friesach, Carinthia. Hr. F. Henkel [E.].: Add :— Page 194. Coronella amaliz. nm. Q (V. 185; C. 57). Oran. M. Doumergue [E.]. In the shape of the rostral intermediate between C. grondica and amalie. Snout pointed and very prominent. Rass Page 197. Coronella regularis. b-d. 3 (V.181; C.66), Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Q (V. 180; C. 68), & ; ye. (V. 182; ©. 68). 638 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add:— Page 197. Coronella getula. © ~ ~~ Lampropeltis getulus, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 324, Page 198. Coronella getula, C. Erase “ Q. california.” And add :— g. Yg. (Se. 23; V. 230; 8. Bernardino, Mr. R. Douglas [C. ]. C. 47). California. Add :— Page 204. Coronella micropholis. A. h. 9 (Se. 21; V. 202; Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.]. C. 48). B. u Os 21; V. 229; Matagalpa, Nica- Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]}. ragua. v o ae 21; V. 224; Bevacdoro: Costa Mr. Underwood [C.]. C. 47). Rica. w. ee (Se.19; V.215; Cali, Colombia, Mr, W.F. H. Rosenberg C. 4 3200 ft. [C.]. wx. Ye. se 21; V. 221; Zaruma, Ecuador. Mr. Gunter [C.]. C. 44). Add :— Page 205. Coronella doliata. Osceola elapsoidea, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 325, Adai= Page 206. Coronella punctata. Diadophis punctatus, Loennderg, 1. v. p. 325. Ada :— Page 208. Coronella amabilis. g. 2 (V. 207; C. 54). 8. Bernardino, Cali- Mr. R. Douglas [C.]. fornia. Page 208. Add a species :— 17 a. Coronella arnyi. Diadophis arnyi, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 99. punctatus, var. arnyi, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 72 (1883). Agrees with C. regalis in the number (17) of scales, with C. pun- ctata in the low number of ventrals (142-161). Kansas, Missouri. a-b. 5d (V. 142; C. 35) & St. Louis Co., Missouri. 2 (V. 161; C. 40). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 689 1 Page 208. Coronella regalis. = — Erase “‘ Diadophis arnyi” from the synonymy. Page 211. Add a genus :— 89a. DREPANODON. Cleelia (non Fitz.), Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1868), Drepanodon, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. xi. 1896, no. 281, p. 3. 7 to 10 small maxillary teeth increasing in length, followed, after an interspace, by two large, compressed teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with or without apical pits, in ]5 (or 17) rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 1. Drepanodon anomalus. Cleelia anomala, Jan, l. c., and Icon. Gén. 35, pl. i. fig. 4 (1870). Oxsrhopus anomalus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 12891, p. 347. Drepanodon anomalus, Peracca, l. c. p. 3. stigmaticus, Peracca, l. c. p. 5. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distarice from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal very small or absent; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 242; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye: three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as long as or shorter than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 150-169; anal entire; subcaudals 67-77. Yellowish above, each scale with a black terminal dot; upper surface of head and nape black, with a whitish collar; uniform yellowish white beneath. Upper Amazon. 2. Drepanodon ? flavitorques. Liophis flavitorques, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 307. Rostral projecting and well visible from above; frontal very broad, with a long produced posterior angle; loreal deeper than long ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields short. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 188; anal divided; subcaudals 105. Uniform dark brown above, with a broad yellow half-collar crossing the posterior half of the parietal shields and two rows of scales ; below dirty yellowish. Total length 440 millim. ; tail 140. Magdelen River, Colombia. 640 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 3 3 Add :-— Page 214. Cemophora coccinea. 7~ Cemophora coccinea, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. 1894, p. 321. dss Page 218. Simotes purpurascens. Simotes purpurascens, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiv. 1894, p. 616. Dicraulax purpurascens, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 200. Add :— Page 222. Simotes formosanus. e-d. $ (V. 172; C. 48) C. Formosa. Mr. Holst [C.}. & yg. (V. 162; C. 46). Add :— Page 222. Simotes violaceus. Holarchus dolleyanus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 423, pl. x. fig. 1 (1895). Maas Page 224. Simotes octolineatus. B. e. d (V. 155; ©. 47). Taiping, Perak. S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. Vertebral line scarlet, others white. D. Intermediate between B & C. a-b. & (V. 161, 161; Sandakan, N. Borneo. Douglas Cator, Esq. C. 44, 43). [P.]. Add: Page 225. Simotes phenochalinus. SF. 2 (V. 162; C. 35). Mt. Benguet, N. Whitehead Exped. Luzon. g. Yg. (V. 156; C. 38). Isabella, N.E. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. Add :— Page 239, Oligodon everetti. b-c. 3 (V.188; C.65) Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. & 2 (V. 145; C. 61). Add:— Page 242. Oligodon sublineatus. p. @ (V. 161; C. 27). Punduloya. E. E, Green, Esq. [P.]. Page 245. Add a species :— 16a. Oligodon schadenbergii. Oligodon schadenbergi, Boettg. Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1894-95, no. 7; p. 4 (1895). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 641 Near O. vertebralis, but snout shorter and blunter, frontal twice and a half to thrice as broad as the supraocular, loreal smaller, and suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre- frontals. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 145-147; anal divided; subcaudals 38-39. Dark grey above, with very small white, black- edged spots ; head-markings as im O. vertebralis ; orange beneath. Total length 310 millim.; tail 52. Busuanga, Calamianes, Philippines. Add :— Page 248. Prosymna frontalis. Prosymna frontalis, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 98, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1895). Adds Page 248. Prosymna ambigua. Prosymna ambigua, Bocage, J. c. p. 99, pl. xi. fig. 1. Add :— Page 249. Prosymna meleagris. e-d. 2 (V. 148; C. 34) Wegbe, Togoland. W. G. Innes, Esq- & yg. (V. 149; C. 31). [C.]. Add :— Page 249. LEPTOCALAMUS. ? Enulius, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1871, p. 558. Page 250. Leptocalamus torquatus. Add :— ? Enulius murinus, Cope, J. c.; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 157 1895 a ais coaeceat Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 205. 6. 3 (V.181; 0.103). Guatemala. L. Greening, Esq. iP ec. 9 (V. 209; C. 85). L. Nicaragua. Rev. G. E. Henderson [P.]. ‘Add Page 251. Leptocalamus sclateri. & ¢ (V. 182; C.?). Guasimo, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [C.]. Add:— Page 254. Scaphiophis albopunctatus. b. g (Se. 24; V. 194; Ugogo. Mr. Baxter [C.]. C. 72). Ada Page 258. Contia astiva. Opheodrys wstivus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 817, pl. 1xi. fig. 3 (1895). Add :— Page 259. Contia vernalis. Cyclophis vernalis, Bocourt, J. c. p. 815, pl. lxi. fig. 2. VoL, IIL. 2 Lr 642 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. ‘ Page 259. Contia agassizii. Is an Opisthoglyphous Snake. See this volume, p. 126 (Pseud- ablabes agassizii). wads Page 261. Contia collaris. i-m. 6 (Se.17; V. 171; Tiflis. Tiflis Mus. [E.]. C. 62) & Q (Se. 17; V. 176; C. 57). n-o. & (Sc. 15; V.150; Aresh, Gov. Elizabeth- Tiflis Mus. [E.], C. 58) & @ (Se. 15; pol. V. 157; C. 54). p. @ (Sc. 17; V. 160; C. Mt.Hermon, Palestine. Turin Mus. [E.]. 59). Page 273. Add a genus :— 101a. SYMPHIMUS. Symphimus, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soe. xi. 1869, p. 150. Apparently agreeing with Chilomeniscus, but rostral shield not prominent. Mexico. 1. Symphimus leucostomus. Symphimus leucostomus, Cope, I. ¢. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral as deep as broad, scarcely visible from above; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, with concave sides, much shorter than the parietals; one pre-and one or two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Olive-grey above, with a light brown vertebral stripe three scales wide; lips light yellow; belly dirty white. Total length 800 millim.; tail 250. Chihuiatan, Tehuantepec. Add :— Page 276, Homalosoma lutrix. p-u. 3 (V. 119, 116, 118; Uganda. F. J. Jackson, Esq. C. 97, 81, 34) & 9 (V. [P.]. 134, 122, 126; CG. 28, 19, 22). The head-shields vary considerably, and H. shtranum should be united with H. lutria. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 643 Add :— Page 277. ABLABES. > Phragmitophis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 58. Entechinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 427 (1895). Page 279. Add a species :— la. Ablabes hermina. Ablabes herminz, Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver, Nat. 1896, p. 110. Snout pointed. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, just visible from above; nasal divided ; eye small; suture between the internasals more than half as long as that between the preefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much ‘shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth, faintly keeled towards the base of the tail. Ventrals 163; anal divided; subcaudals 58. Grey above, white beneath, the grey extending to the sides of the belly; back dotted with black; some of the scales black-edged; upper lip yellowish white, the shields finely edged with grey. Total length 580 millim. ; tail 107. Loo Choo Islands. Add :-— Page 281. Ablabes tricolor. Phragmitophis tricolor, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 126. A. Q (V. 154; 0.?). Singapore. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [C.]. Add :— Page 284. Ablabes longicanda. Ablabes longicauda, Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlvi. 1896, p. 17. Ada -— Page 287. Grayia smythii, Grayia smythii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 525. —— triangularis, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 102 (1895). —— ornata, Bocage, l. e. p. 104. n. Head and tail, bad state. Uganda. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. Page 288. Add a genus :— 105 a. OLIGOLEPIS. Oligolepis, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 171. Maxillary teeth 30, small, closely set, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with round pupil. 272 644 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Body cylindrical ; scales finely striated, without pits, oblique, in 13 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa. 1. Oligolepis macrops. Oligolepis macrops, Bouleng. 1. e. Eye nearly as long as the snout. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows on the body, in 4 rows on the tail. Ventrals 148; anal divided; subcaudals 75. Olive above, with rather irregular light cross-bars ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 215 millim.; tail 57. East Africa. a, Yg. (V. 148 ; C. 75). Usambara. (Type.) Add :— Page 290. Abastor erythrogrammus. “* ’ Duberria ancoralis, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gétting. i. 1848, p. 66, pl. i. figs. 9 & 10. Homolopsis parviceps, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxiii. 1854, 01. p. 3 Add :— Page 291. Farancia abacura. Homolopsis crassa, Blyth, 1. c. p. 300. # Add :— Page 293. Petalognathus nebulatus. Sibon nebulatus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). ? Leptognathus affinis, Fischer, Verh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, (2) iii. 1879, p. 78, pl. i. fig, 1. x. @ (V.170; C. 83). Atoyac, Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. a Add:— Page 294. TROPIDODIPSAS. Dipeltophis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 58. Add Page 295. Tropidodipsas philippii. Blades iii. 38, 53, Balk ipsas, iii. 58, Eudryas, ii. 9. Eugnathiens, i. 177. Eugnathus, i. 327. Eumesodon, i. 360. Eunectes, i. 116. Euophrys, iii. 127. euphzeus (Olisthenes), iii. 112 euphratica (Daboia), iii. 488. euphratica (Vipera), iii. 488. paprocia (Typhlops), i. 16. Eurostus, iii. 2, 19. Eurypholis, ii. 277. Eurystephus, iii. 510. Eurystomata, iii. 310, 463. euryxanthus (Elaps), iii. 415. euryzona (Hlapochrus), ii. 182. euryzona (Urotheca), ii. 182. 2x 674 euryzonus ii. 182. Hutainia, i. 193. ; eutropis (Phrynonax), ii. 22; iii. 626. evansii (Coronella), ii. (Pliocercus), evansii (Ophibolus), ii. 199. everetti (Doliophis), iii. 404. . everetti (Calamaria), ii. 340 everetti (Oligodon), ii. 289; iii. 640. ; excipiens (Typhlops), i. 56 exigua (Boa), 1.102. exiguus (Dromicus), ii. 126. exiguus (Typhlops), i. 31. eximia (Coronella), ii. 200. eximius (Coluber), ii. 197, 200. eximius (Ophibolus), ii. 200 exoceeti (Typhlops), i. 36. Exorhina, 11. 255. exsul (Crotalus), iii. 576. extenuatum (Stilosoma), ii. 325 ; iii. 646. eydouxii (Aipysurus), iii. 04 eydouxii (Tomogaster), iii. 304. faireyi (Hutainia), i. 213. Faleoneria, i. 290. fallax (Atractaspis), iii. 517. fallax (Dipsas), iii. 48, 50. fallax (Stenostoma), i. 63. fallax (Tarbophis), iii. 48 fallax (Tropidonotus), i. 219. familiaris (Eryx), i. 126. Farancia, ii. 290. fasciata (Anguis), i. 133, fasciata (Boa), iii. 365. fasciata (Chitulia), iii. 275. fasciata (Contia), ii. 262. fasciata (Dendrophis), ii. 85 fasciata (Dipsas), iii. 78. fasciata (Disteira), ili. 281 fasciata (Farancia), ii. 291. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. fasciata (Geophis), ii. 296. fasciata (Higina), ii. 187. fasciata (Hydrophis), iii. 277, 279, 281. fasciata (Leptognathus), ii, 294. fasciata (Liopala), iii. 281. fasciata (Natrix), i. 243; iii. 606. fasciata (Naja), iii. 380, 386. fasciata (Nerodia), i. 242. fasciata (Potamophis), i. 174. fasciata (Pseudoboa), iii. 365. fasciata (Tropidodipsas), ii. 294, 295, 296. fasciata (Vermicella), iii. 364. fasciata (Virginia), ii. 296. fasciatum (Alopecion), i. 342. fasciatum(Lycophidium), i. 342. fasciatus (Ablabes), ii. 262. fasciatus (Acrochordus), i. 174. fasciatus (Bungarus), iii. fasciatus (Chersydrus), i. 174 fasciatus (Chilomeniscus), ii. 273. fasciatus (Coluber), i. 242. fasciatus (Cyclophis), ii. 262. fasciatus (Dasypeltis), ii. 354. é fasciatus(Dipsadomorus), iii. 452. fasciatus (Eirenis), ii. 262. fasciatus (Elapoides), ii. 296. fasciatus (Elapoidis), i. 293. fasciatus (Hipistes), iii. 24, fasciatus (Hydrophis), iii. 1, 302. fasciatus (Hydrus), iii. 281. fasciatus (Lepidocepha- lus), i. 362. fasciatus (Lycodon), i. 358 ; iii. 618. fasciatus (Oligodon), ii. 243. fasciatus (Ophiophagus), iii. 347. fasciatus (Ophites), 1.358. fasciatus (Pelamis), iii. 281. fasciatus (Phrynonaz), ii. 21; ili. 626. fasciatus (Platurus), iii, 307, 308, oo (Spilotes), ii. 21, 5) fasciatus (Tropidonotus), i. 238, 242 ; iii. 606. fasciolata (Alecto), iii, 351. fasciolata iii, 648. fasciolata (Tyria), i. 404, fasciolatus (Coluber), i. 404. fasciolatus(Coryphodon), i. 404. fasciolatus (Dinophis), iii. 436. (Dasypeltis), fasciolatus (Dryophis), iii. 182. fasciolatus (Rhinelaps), iii. 364. fasciolatus(Rhynchelaps), iii. 364. Enaclolatus (Simotes), ii. fasciolatus (Tragops), iii. ie (Tragops), fasciolatus (Zamenis), i. 404. favee (Atractus), ii. 313. favee (Calamaria), ii. 313 fava (Rhabdosoma), ii. fayreriana (Hydrophis), iii. 301. fexe (Azemiops), iii. 471. oe ee (Zamenis), i. Ferania, iii. 2. Feranoides, iii. 2. fergusonianus phis), iii. 596. fergusonii (Odontomus), i, 371, ferox (Diemenia), iii. 332. peg ; pepaclynsins); (Rhino- ii. 117. ferox (Pseudechis), iii. 332. ferox ‘(Tro idonotus), i, 241, 5 ) ferruginea (Dipsas), iii. 172. aaa ferruginosus (Coluber), ii, 191. Ficimia, ii. 270. filholii (Labionaris), iii. 313, filiformis (Blaps), i iii. 430. filiformis (Typhlops), i. 29. fischeri (Dipsas), iii. 78. fischeri (Platurus), iii. 307. fischeri (Tropidodipsas), ii. 296 fischeri ae ii. 195. fiskii_ (Lamprophis), i. 322. fissidens (Coniophanes), iii, 207. fissidens (Coronella), iii. 206, 207. fissidens (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 207. fissidens (Tachymenis), iii. 206, 207. fitzingeri (Elaps), iii. 423. fitzingeri (Glauconia), i fitzingeri (Oxyrhopus), iii. 108. fitzingeri (Siphlophis), iii. 108. fitzingeri (Stenostoma), i. 66. fitzingeri (Zacholus), ii. 192. flagelliforme (Bascani- um), i. 390. flagelliformis (Drymo- bius), i. 390. flagelliformis (Herpeto- dryas), i. 390, flagelliformis phis), i. 890. ey (Natrix), i. 389 ; iii. 191. flagelliformis (Oxybelis), ui. 191. flagelliformis (Psammo- phis), i. 390. flagelliformis (Zamenis), 1. 389; iii. 622. flagellum (Bascanium), iii, 622. flagellum (Coluber), i. 389. (Mastico- flagellum (Denisonia), iii. 340. flagellum (Hoplocepha- * lus), iii. 340. flammigerus (Brachyor- rhos), ii. 308. flava (Echidna), iii. 376. flava (Naia), iii, 376. ALPHABHTICAL INDEX. flava (Vipera), iii. 376. flavescens (Callopeltis), ii. 52. ae a (Ooluber), ii. 2. flavescens (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 77. flavescens (Dipsas), iii. 2 Gavesears (Elaphis), i 53. flavescens (Heleophis), iii. 1. flavescens (Phyllosira), ii. 75. So aa Thea eran i. 77. flavescena(Tropidonotns), i, 234, duranene (Typhlops), i 21. flaviceps (Ablabes), i. 185. flaviceps (Adeniophis), iii. 400. oe (Amphiesma), i. 266. flaviceps (Bungarus), iii. 371. flaviceps (Calamaria), ii. 3. flaviceps (Doliophis), iii. 400. flaviceps (Elaps), iii. 400. flaviceps (Enicognathus), i. 185. flaviceps (Macropistho- don), i. 266; iii. 609. flaviceps (Megzrophis), iii. 371. flaviceps (Tropidonotus), i, 266. flavifrenatus (Aporophis), ii. 158, flavifrenatus (Dromicus), ii. 158. flavifrenatus (Lygophis), ii. 158. Ba een 263 ; iii. 609. flavigastra (Pappophis), iii. 75. flavigularis (Dendrophis), ii. 105. flavigularis (Herpeto- dryas), i. 390, 391. flavigularis(Masticophis), i. 390. flavigularis (Psammo- phis), i. 390. flavigularis (Thrasops), ii. 105, 358. 675 flavigularis (Zamenis), iii. 621. flavilabris (Eutenia), i 212 flavilatus (Dromicus), ii. flavilatus (Liophis), ii. 148 ; iii. 634, flavilatus (Rhadinea), iii. 634, flavipunctatum (Amphi- esma), i. 231. flavipunctatus (Tropido- notus), i, 231. ae i (Coluber), ii. 3 flavirufus (Natrix), ii. 39, flavitorquata (Aposto- lepis), iii. 234. flavitorques _ (Drepan- odon), iii. 639. ae (Liophis), iii. 639. Ce (Typhlops), i. us (Bascanion), i. 387. flaviventris (Coluber), i 387. flaviventris pe don), i. flaviventris eer ii. 31 flaviventris (Liophis), ii. 167. flavolineatus dryas), ii. 73. flavomaculata (Megera) iii. 556. flavomaculatus sis), iii. 556. flavomaculatus (Parias), iii. 556, flavomaculatus (Trimere- surus), iii. 556. flavoterminatus (Helmin- thophis), i. 5. flavoterminatus (Idioty- phlops), i. 5. flavoterminatus (‘Typh- lops), i. 5. flavotorquatus (Elapo- morphus), iii. 234. flavoviridis (Bothrops), iii. 550. flavoviridis (Lachesis), iii. 5 (Herpeto- (Lache- flavoviridis (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 550. flexuosus (Coluber), iii. 2x2 676 floridanus(Coluber), ii.40. florulenta (Tylanthera), iii. 624. florulentus (Coluber), i. 402. florulentus (Zamenis), i 402, 408 ; iii. 624. forbesii (Simotes), ii. 225. fordei (Cacophis), iii.318. fordii (Chilabothrus), i 98 fordii (Epicrates), i. 98 ; iii. 593. fordii (Onychophis), i. 45. fordii (Pelophilus), i. 98. fordii (Pseudelaps), iii. 318. Fordonia, i iii. 21. formosa (Coronella), ii. 203. formosa (Dendrophis), ii. 84, formosa (Duberria), iii 06. formosana (Dinodon), i. 361. formosanus (Simotes), ii. 222, 359 ; iii. 640. formosissimus (Oon- strictor), i. 117. formosus (Bothrops), iii. 557 formosus (Coluber), iii, 106 ‘ formosus (Dendrophis), ii. 84. formosus (Leptophis), ii. 78 formosus (Lycodon), iii 103, 104, 106. formosus (Megzrophis), iii. 371. formosus iii. 106. formosus (Trigonocepha- lus), iti. 557. formosus (Trimeresurus), iii. 557. formosus iii. 562. fornasinii (Typhlops), i 38. (Oxyrhopus), (Trimesurus), forsteni _ (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 80. forsteni (Dipsas), iii. 80. a (Rhabaion), ii. ee (Rhabdophi- dium), ii, 328. forsteni (Triglyphodon), lil. . ALPHABETICAL INDEX. forsteri (Natrix), ii. 186. Fowlea, i. 193. foxii (Bascanion), i i. 387. francisci redi (Vipera), iii. 481. oe (Onychophis), 5, fraseri (Elaps), iii. 482. fraseri (Homalocranium), iii, 215. fraseri (Liophis), ii. 131. freminvilli (Dryopbylax), iii. 138. fremiavillii (Philodryas), iii, 133. freminvillii (Stenorhina), iii. 229, fremontii (Bascanion), i. 8 frenata (Ahetulla), 11. 116. frenata (Denisonia), iii. 338. frenata (Echis), iii. 505. frenata (Leptodira), iii. 92. frenatum (Bascanium), iii, 622. frenatum (Gonyosoma), ii. 58. frenatum (Sibon), iii. 92. frenatus (Ablabes), ii. 280. frenatus (Coluber), ii. 58. frenatus (Cyclophis), ii. 280. frenatus (Dromicus), ii. 181. frenatus (Herpetodryas), ii. 58. frenatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 338. frenatus (Leptophis), ii. 141. frenatus (Uromacer), ii. 116 frontalis (Contia), ii. 270. frontalis (Denisonia), iii. 340. frontalis (laps), iii. 427, 429. frontalis 270. frontalis (Geagras), ii. 270 (Ficimia), ii. frontalis (Helmintho- phis), i. 5. frontalis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 340. frontalis (Hydrophis), iti. 276. frontalis (Prosymna), ii. 248 ; ili. 641. frontalis (Pseudoficimia), ii. 270. frontalis (Temnorhyn- chus), ii, 247, 248. frontalis (Toluca), ii. 270. frontalis (Typblops), i. 5. fronticinctus (Dryophis), iii. 179. fronticinetus (Tragops), iii. 179. fruhstorferi Tetralepis i820. neh fugax (Coluber), ii. 52. fugitivus (Coluber), ii, 139, fugitivus (Dromicus), ii. 189, 140, 141. fugitivus (Liophis), ii, 139. fula-fula (Naia), iii. 391. fulgidus (Coluber), iii. 191. fulgidus (Dryophis), iii. T91. fulgidus (Oxybelis), iii, 181, 191. fuliginoides (Coronella), i. 217. fuliginoides (Mizodon), iii. 603. fuliginoides (Tropido- ; Leiend 217; iii. 603. uliginosus (Aipysurus ) c 305. ail , fuliginosus (Boodon), i. 334. i (Lycodon), i. 334. fuliginosus (Zamenis), iii. 622. fulvia (Vipera), iii. 423. fulviceps (Rhadinza), ii. 179. fulvicollis iii. 252. fulvius 422. (Microsoma), (Ooluber), iti. fulvius (Elaps), iii. 415, fulvieithis (Diadophis), ii, 178, fulvivittis (Dromicus), ii, 78 fulvivittis (Rhadinza), ii. 178. fulvam (Arrhyton), ii, 252. fulvus (Eutzenia), iii. 61. fumiceps (Scolecophis), ili, 226 fumigatus ean i 279, funereus (Alsophis), i 142, furcata (Grayia), ii. 287. furcata § (Hypsirhina), iii. 7. furcata (Vipera), iii. 401. fureatus (Callophis), iii. 402. furcatus iii. 159. furcatus (Elaps), iii. 401. furcatus (Psammophis), iii. 164. furia (Bothrops), _ iii. 535. Furina, iii. 315, 320, 405. fusca (Ahetula), ii. 82. fusca (Calabaria), i. 92. fusca (Calamaria), i. 297. fusca (Cliftia), i. 95. fusca (Dendrophis), ii. 82; iii. 67. i (Dipsas), iii. 67, 73, (Dendrophis), Pi (Passerita), iii. 183. fusca (Rhadinza), ii. 169. fusca, tepkan ohana) iii. 805 fuscum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 220. fuscum (Ophthalini- dion), i. 30. fuscum (Trachischium), i. 297. stig (Triglyphodon), fuses TTiplabee), i i, 297. fuscus (Aipysurus), iii, 305. fuscus (Coluber), ii. 11, 75; iit. 141. fuscus eel oaks i 373. fuscus (Dendrophis), ii 82. fuscus(Dipsadomorphus), iii. 67. fuscus (Elapoires), i. 307. fuscus (Elaps), iii. 380. fuscus (Geophis), ii. 322. fuscus (Herpetodryas), ii. 73, 75; iti. 628. fuscus (Hoplocephalus), iii. 351 fuscus (Lamprophis), i 322. fuscus (Liasis), i. 322. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, fuscus (Liophis), ii. 169. ede (Opheomorphus), i. 169. fiusin (Bhabdodon), iii, 141. fuscus (Typhlops), i. 30. fuscus (Zaocys), i. 378; iii. 621. fusiformis (Oxyorrhos), i. 306. gabina (Natrix), i. 234. gabinus (Coluber), i. 233. gabonensis (Elapomor- phus), iii. 252. gabonensis (Miodon), iii. 252. gabonica (Bitis), iii. 499. gabonica (Echidna), iii. 499. gabonicus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 252. gabonicus (Urobelus), iii, 252. gaimardi (Dipsas), iii. gaimardi (Heterurus), iii, gaimardii iii. 42. galathea (Coluber), i. 349. galathea (Lycodon), i. 349. (Stenophis), Galedon, ii. 294. Galeophis, iii. 127. gallicus (Coluber), ii. 192. gammiei (Lycodon), i. 358 gammiei (Ophites), i. 358. garmani (Leptognathus), iii. 453. gastrodelus (Elaps), iii. 393. gastrogramma = (Oala- maria), ii. 349. Gastropyxis, ii. 102. gastrosticta (Elaps), iii. 420, gastrosticta (Helicops), i. 276. gastrostictus (Dendro- phis), ii. 86. gastrotenia- (Rhabdion), i. 305. Geagrasyi ii. 326. gemianulis (Callophis), iii, 393. gemianulis (Hemibunga- rus), iii. 393. geminatus (Ablabes), i. 185. 677 geminatus (Ooluber), i. 185. geminatus _(Enicogna- thus), i. 185. geminatus (Herpeto- dryas), i. 185. geminatus(Lycognathus), iii. 57. geminatus (Polyodonto- phis), i. 185; iii. 597, eee mia (Dipsas), iii. 7 gemmicinctum (Trigly- phodon), iii. 70. gemmistrata (Dipsas), iii. 86. gemmistratus todes), iii. 86. gemonensis (Natrix), i. 395. (Himan gemonensis (Zamenis), i. 395 ; ili, 622. genimaculata (Liophis), ii. 170. See oes (Lygophis), ii. 170. genimaculata (Rhadi- nea), ii. 170; ii. 635. gentilis (Coronella), ii. 201. gentilis (Ophibolus), ii. 201. Geodipsas, iii. 32. et (Bozedon), i. 829, 3. geometricus Bodden i, 329, 332. eometricus (Eugnathus ce ae in geometricus (Lycodon), i. 329, 332. Geophidiun, ii. 314. Geophis, i. 303; ii. 314. Geoptyas, ii. 25. Georgia, ii. 25. Gephyrinus, iui. 177, Gerardia, iii. 20, gerrardi (Mytilia, i 142, Gerrhopilus, i. 7. Gerrhosteus, iii, 231. gervaisii (Calamaria), ii, 338. getula (Coronella), ii. 197; ili. 638. getula ‘(Lampro eltis), ii. 197 ; iii. 638. : getulus (Goluber ii. 197, em (Coronella), ii. 197. getulus (Herpetodryas), ii. 197, igs 678 getulus (Ophibolus), ii. 197 giardi (Grayia), ii. 288. gigas (Boa), i. 115. gigas (Cyclagras), ii. 144. gigas (Leiosophis), ii. 144, gigas (Xenodon), ii. 144. gilberti (Nardoa), i. 77. girardi (Philothamnus), ii. 102. girondica (Coronella), ii. 4. girondicus (Coluber), ii. 194. glaber (Heterolepis), i. 344. glabra (Herpetodryas), ii. 75. Glaniolestes, ii. 286. Glaphyrophis, iii. 199. glapbyros (Tropido- notus), i. 211. glaucoides (Coluber), i. 395. Glauconia, i. 59. Glauconiide, i. 57. Glauconiine, i. 57. glaucus (Bothrops), iii. 535. glaucus (Coluber), iii. 535. globiceps (Boiga), iii. 78. globiceps (Dipsas), iii. 78. Glyphodon, iii. 313, 315. Glyphodonta, i. 169. Glypholycus, iii. 615. godeffroyi (Distira), iii. 291. godeffroyi (Hydrophis), Nl. . godmani iii. 545, godmani (Bothrops), iii. 545 (Bothriopsis), a (Ooronella), ii. godmani (Geophis), ii. 322. godmani (Lachesis), iii. 545. godmani (Rhadinza), ii. 179. godmani (Tropidonotus), iti. 600. godmanii (Henicogna- thus), ii. 179. godmanni (Bothriechis), iii. 545. godmanni (Dromicus), ii. 179. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. gokool (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 64. gokool (Dipsas), iii. 64. goldii (Naia), iii. 387. Gongylophis, i. 122. Gonionotophis, i. 323. Gonionotus, i. 175, 323. Gonyophis, ii. 70. Gonyosoma, ii. 24, goudoti (Ithycyphus), iii. 34 goudotii (Dryophylax), iii, 34. goudotii (Glauconia), i. 64 goudotii (Herpetodryas), iii. 34, goudotii (Philodryas), iii. 34. goudotii (Stenostoma), i. 64 gouldii (Alecto), iii. 342. gouldii (Denisonia), iii. 342 gouldii (laps), iii, 342. gouldii (Hoplocephalus), iti. 342. grabowskii (Calamaria), ii. 336. grabowskyi (Elaphis), ii. 47. gracile (Homalocranium), iii, 228 gracile (Stenostoma),i. 69. gracile (Trimetopon), ii. 184 ; iii. 636. gracilis (Ablabes), ii. 184. gracilis (Callophis), iti. 396. gracilis (Chilabothrus), i. 98 gracilis (Dendrophie), ii. 82. gracilis (Disteira), i1i.280. gracilis (Dryocalamus), i. 371 gracilis (Elaps), iii. 396, gracilis (Enhydris), iii. 280. gracilis (Epicrates), i. 98. gracilis (Hydrophis), iii. 280, 28), 285. gracilis (Hydrophobus), i. 3871. gracilis (Hydrus), iii. 280, 281. gracilis (Leipython), i. 80. gree ep ael gracilis (Liopala), iii. 280. gracilis (Microcephalo- phis), iii. 280. gracilis (Odontomus), i. 371. gracilis (‘Tantilla),iii. 228. gracilis (Tropidonotus), i. ail (Tyria), i. 404. acilis (Tyria), i. 404. ! practi (Zamenis), i. 404 ; Gti, 624, : gracillima (Ahetulla), ii. 95 gracillima (QOalamaria), ii. 350. gracillima (Dipsas),iii.87. gracillimus (Chlorophis), iii. 631. gracillimus(Himantodes), iii. 87. gracillimus (Typhlocala- mus), ii. 350. .greeca (Elaphis), ii. 46. grahami (‘Tropidonotus), i, 225, 240. grahami (Zamenis), i. 893; iii. 622. grahamis (Phimothyra), i. 393. grahamiz (Salvadora), i. 393 ; iii. 622. grahamii (Natrix), i. 240. grahamii (Regina), i. 240. graminea(Hutezenia),i.206. gramineum(Gonyosoma), ii. 59. gramineus (Coluber), ii. gramineus (Lachesis), iii. 554. gramineus (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 555. gramineus (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 555. grammophrys (Erythro- lamprus), iii. 204. grammophrys (Tachyme- nis), iii, 204. grandis (Distira), iii. 293. eee (Rhinophis), i. 1 grandis (Silybura), i. 148. grandis (Uropeltis), i. 139. grandisquamis (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 76. grandisquamis (Spilotes), ii. 76. grandoculis = (Astheno- gnathus), ii. 459. grandoculis(Dendrophis), ii. 84, grandoculis (Leptogna- thus), iii, 459. nee granosa (Hydrophis), iti. 288. grantii (Gonionotophis), i. 324. grantii (Gonionotus), i. 324. eee (Simocephalus), i, eranlats(Aoroshorda), . 174. granulatus (Chersydrus), i, 174. geamilatua (Hydrus), i. 174. granulatus (Pelamis), i 174. granuliceps (Dipsas), iii. 41. eee (Heterurus), i. 41. grenulicos (Stenophis), i. 41, graphicts (Coluber), ii. 137. gravenhorstii (Elaps), iii. 415. grayi (Calamaria), ii. 338. grayi (Enicognathus), i 187, Grayia, ii, 286. gregorii (Dendrophis), ii. 82 greineri (Ablabes), i. 366. gronoviana (Natrix), i 219. gronovianus (Coluber), i. 219 Grotea, i. 00. groutii (Stenostoma), i. 68 Gryptotyphlops, i, 7. guatemalensis (Peropo- dum), i. 114, ueinzil (Simocephalus), : i, 345. guentheri (Aparallactus), iii. 259, guentheri (Aspidura), i 312. guentheri (Atractus), ii. 305. guentherii © (Cacophis), iii. 325. guentheri iii. 631. guentheri (Elapechis), iii, 359. (Chlorophis), pe Est i. 359. gimntheri (Brythrolam- prus), iii. 201. (Elapsoidea), ALPHABETICAL INDEX, guentheri (Geophis), ti. 305. guentheri (Helminth- ophis), i. 6. guentheri (Hydrophis), iii. 280, 288. 7 guentheri (Naia), iii. 388, guentheri (Onychocepha- lus), i. 20. guentheri (Philotham- nus), ii. 96. guentheri (Phrynonax), ii. 20. Bnenthert (Plectrurus), i. 162. guentheri(Silybura),j i147. guentheri (Stegonotus), iii. guentheri (Stenophis), iii. getter (Tarbophis), iii. 52. guentheri —(‘Trachischi- um), i, 298. guentheri(Typhlops),i.20. guentheri (Xenodon), ii. 147. guerini (Oxyrhopus), iii. 113. guerini (Phimophis), iii. 113, guerini (Rhinosimus), iii. 13. guianense (Rhinostoma), iii. 114, guianensis (Heterodon), iii. 114, guineensis (Coluber), iii. 409. guirali (Heterolepis), i. 346. guirali (Simocephalus), i. 346 ; iii. 617. guiraonis (Dipsas), iii. 75. guiraonis (Eudipsas), iii. 75. gularis (Enygrus), i. 109. gularis (Trachyboa), i. 109. giintheri (Rhinostoma), iii. 114. guttata (Hydrophis), iii. 288. guttatus (Boudon), i. 331. guttatus (Callopeltis), iii. 627. Sean eee 402; 3. 89, 198; iii. 627. guitabed (Blaphis), ii. 40, 49. 679 guttatus (Lycodon),i.331. guttatus (Lycophidium), i, 340. guttatus (Scotophis),ii.40. guttulatum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii, 298. gutturalis (Bucephalus), iii. 187. gutturalis (Naja), iii. 376. Gyalopion, ii. 270. habeli (Dromicus), ii.119. hzemachates (Aspidelaps), iii, 389. hsemachates (Coluber), iii. 389. hemachates (Naja), iii 389. heemachates iii, 389. heemachates (Vipera), iii. 389 (Sepedon), heematois (Pityophis), ii. 67. He morrhois, i. 379, hetiana (Ungalia), i. 112; iii. 594. hageni (Bothrops), iii. 557. hageni (Hypsirhina), iii. 12. haie Age iii, 374, 376, iene (Simotes), ii. 59. haje (Coluber), iii. 374. haje (Vipera), iii. 374. Haldea, i. 290. hallowellii (Tantilla), iii. 228. hallowellii (Typhlops), i. 40. halmahericus (Macrop- ophis), iii. 609. halmahericus (Tropido- notus), iii. 609. Halsophis, iii. 633. Halys, iii. 519. halys (Ancistrodon), iii. 524. halys (Coluber), iii. 524. halys (Trigonocephalus), iii. 524, 528, halys (Vipera), i iii, 524, Hamadryas, iii. 372. hammondii (Dinophis), ii. 435. hammondii (Eutainia), i. 210. hammondii (Thamno- phis), iii. 601. 680 hammondii (Tropidono- tus), i. 210; iii. 601. hannah (Hamadryas), iii. 386, Haplocercus, i. 809. Haplopeltura, iii. 439. Hapsidophrys,ii.102,103. hardwickii (Euhydris), iii. 801. hardwickii (Homalopsis), iii. 14. bardwickii (Hydrophis), iii. 301. hardwickii (Hypsirhina), iii. 5. hardwickii (Lapemis), iii. 301. harperti (Virginia), ii. 289. harpertii (Carphophis), ii. 289. harrietts (Cacophis), iti. 318 harriette (Pseudelaps), iii. 318. hasselquistii (Oerastes), iii. 502. hasseltii (Chrysopelea), iii. 199. haydenii (Hutainia), i. 211 haydenii (Tropidonotus), 1,211. heathii(Drymobius),ii.11. heathii (Herpetodryas), ii. 11. hebe (Coluber), i. 404. hebe (Lycodon), i. 352. hedemanni (Tachyplo- tus), iii. 12. Heleionomus, i. 80. helena (Coluber), ii. 36, 357. helena (Cynophis), ii. 36. helena(Dendrophis),ii.88. helena (Herpetodryas), ii. 36 helena (Plagiodon), ii. 36. helene (Carphophiops), ii. 825. helen (Carphophis), ii. 325 helene (Celuta), ii. 324. Heleophis, iii. 20. ’ Helicops, i. 272, 281; ii. 185, 289. Helicopsoides, i. 283. helluo (Anguis), i. 126. Helminthoelaps, iii. 396, 399. Helminthophis, i. 4. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. helveticus (Coluber), i. Hemibungarug, iii. 392. Hemidipsas, iii. 620. Hemidryas, iii. 621. Hemigenius, iii. 599. Hemiodontus, iii. 21, 23. Hemirhagerrhis, iii. 119. hemprichii (Elaps), iii 42), Henicognathus, i. 181. henshawi (Eutenia), i. 210. heraldica (Vipera), iii. 495. Herbertophis, i. 364. herbeus(Coluber), iii. 129. bermanni(Coluber), ii. 63. hermine (Ablabes), iii. 643. Herpetethiops, ii. 91. Herpetodryas, i. 181, 189, 364, 374, 379; ii. 8, 24, 71, 126, 157, 188, 256, 277 ; iii. 34, 127, Herpeton, iii. 25. herpeton (Homalopsis), hii. 25. Herpetoreas, i. 193. herzi (Simotes), ii. 48. hessei (Hlapsoidea), iii. 360. hessii (Elapechis), iii. 360. heteraspis (Eurostus), iii. 12. heterochilus (Elaps), iii. 414. heteroderma (Ahetulla), ii. 97. heterodermus (Chloro- phis), ii. 97, 358; iii.631. heterodermus (Philo- thamnus),ii.95; 11.631. Heterodon, i. 268, 414 ; ii. 153, 218, 253. | heterodon (Coluber), ii. | 154, 156. Heterodonta, i. 169. heterolepidota (Ahe- tulla), ii. 95. heterolepidota (Lept- ophis), ii. 95. heterolepidotus (Chlor- ophis), ii. 95, 358 ; iii. 631. heterolepidotus (Philo- thamnus), ii. 95; iii. 631. Heterolepis, i. 348, 344. Heteronotus, ii. 286. Heterophis, iii. 466. heterozonus (Elaps), iii. 417 Heterurus, iii. 39, 81, 88. heterurus(Homalocepha- lus), i. 315. heterurus (Ophis), iii. 89. heterurus (Pseudoxyrho- pus), i. 315. heterurus (Stegonotus), i. 367, hewstoni rus), i. 1 hexacera( Vipera), iii. 500, hexagonata (Dipsas), iii. ai sla 6. hexagonotus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 65, hexagonotus (Dipsas), iii. 68. hexagonotus (Ptyas), ii. 8. hexagonotus (Xenela- phis), ii. 8. hexahonotus (Coluber), li. 8. hexahonotus (Xenela- phis), ii. 8. hexalepis (Phimothyra), i. 393. hexalepis (Salvadora), iii. 622. hexanotus (Ooryphodon), ii. 8. hieroglyphica (Boa), i.86. hieroglyphicus (Python), i. 86. hierosolimitana (Psam- mophis), iii, 157. Higina, ii. 186. hildebrandtii (Ablabes), iii. 125. hildebrandtii (Atractas- pis), ii. 512. hildebrandtii (Hemirha- gerrhis), iii. 125. himalayanus (Ancistro- don), iii. 526. himalayanus (Halys), iii. 526. himalayanus —_(‘Lrigono- cephalus), iii. 526. himalayanus (Tropido- notus), i. 251. himalayanns (Zamenis), i, 248. Himantodes, iii. 83. Hipistes, iii. 24, hippocrepis (Ceelopeltis), 1. 409. hippocrepis (Coluber), i. 409. ip ecreps (Dipsas), iii. 0. hippocrepis (Elaps), iii. eee ae) hippocrepis (Heterurus), ni. 90. hippoerepis (Natrix), i : 409. ippocrepis (Periops), i. 409. . persia (Tyria), i. hippocrepis oo i, 407, 409 ; iii. oe hippus (Coluber), i. hispanica (eect ii. 194, histricus (Heterodon), ii. 152. histricus (Lystrophis), ii. 152. histrionicus —_ (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 523. hitambeeia (Coluber), iii. 89. hitambeeia (Crotaphopel- tis), iii. 90. hodgsonii (Coluber), ii. 85. hodgsonii (Compsosoma), ii. 35. hodgsonii (Spilotes), ii. 35. heevenii (Calamaria), ii. hoffmanni _(Colobogna- thus), ii. 319. hoffmanni (Elapoides), ii. 319. hoffmanni (Geophis), ii. 319; iii. 646. hoffmanseggii (Dipsas), iii. 72. hohenackeri (Coluber), ii. 42 Holarchus, i ii. 215. holbrookii (Elaphis), ii. 50. holbrookii (Nerodia), i. 243. holdsworthii (Hydro- phis), iii. 297, Holochalina, i. 169 ; iii 310, 463. holochlorus dryas), ii. 75. holochrous (Coluber), i, 366. (Herpeto- Holodonta, i. 71. Holodontes, i. 74. Holodontiens, i. 71, 131, 167. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Hologerrhum, iii. 33, holosericeus (Oophias), iii. 535. Holuropholis, i. 327. Homalocephalus, i. 314. Homalochilus, i. 94. Homalocranium, iii. 210, 212, Homalophis, iii. 2. Homalopside, iii. 1. Homalopsing, i. 177; iii.1. Homalopsis, i. 272; ii. 185, 186, 289, 290; iii. 2, 18, 15, 21, 25, 209. Homaloselaps, iti. 405. Homalosoma, ii. 283, 255, 273, 277. hombroni (Trigonoceph- alus), iii, 562. hombroni _(Tropidol- mus), iii. 562. oe (Ablabes), iii. 170. ae (Rhinophis), i. Foe iii. 408. Homoroselaps, iii. 408. Hoplocephalus, iii. 332, 348, 351, 353. nepicenater (Aheetulla), 9 pope (Chlorophis), i. 93. hoplogastor (Philotham nus), ii. 93. horatta (Boa), iii. 505. Hormonotus, i. 343. horneri (Herpetodryas), i. 378. horrida (Caudisona), iii. 579 horridus (Coluber), iii. 14 horridus (Crotalophorus), iii, 579. horridus penoionn iii. 573, 5 horsfieldii (Argyrophis), i, 22. hors (Typblops), i (Lycodon), i. horstockii _ (Lycophi- dium), i. 337, 339, 341. hortulana (Boa), i. 99 101. hortulanum (Xiphosoma), i. 99, 101; iii. 593. hortulanus (Coluber), i. 101. fant 339. 681 hortulanus (Corallus), i. 99, 101; ili. 593. hortulanus(Draco), i. 101. Hortulia, i. 81. hotambeia (Coronella), iii. 89, 649. hotambeeia (Leptodira), iii. 89. hottentotus (Typhlops), iii. 588. houttuynii (Python), i. 86. hugyi (Vipera), iii. 482, humberti (Enicognathus), i. 186, humbertii (Ablabes), i 186. humbo (Onychocepha- lus), i. humbo 9 (Lyphlops), i. 46; iii. feat Pianeta i. 0. humilis (Glauconia), i. 70; iii. 591. huwilis (Rena), i. 70; iii. 591 Hurria, iii. 59, 327. hybridus (Coluber), i. 219. hybridus © (Hydrophis), iii. 274. hybridus (Tropidonotus), i. 219. Hydratlabea, i. 296. Hydreethiops, i. 280. Hydrelaps, iii. 270. Hydri, iti. 264. Hydride, i. 169, 172; iii. 1, 264. hydrina (Homalopsis), iii. 24 hydrinus (Hipistes), iii. 24. Hydrocalamus, iii. 209, Hydrodipsas, iii. 23. hydroides (Bitia), iii. 24. Hydromorphus, ii. 185. Hydrophide, i. 172, 177; iii, I, 264. Hydrophiing, iii. 264. a (Coluber), i. 238.. Hydrophis, iii. 266, 268, ae 285, 300, 302, 303, Hydeophising | i. 369. Hydrops, ii. 186. Hydrus, i. 173 ; iii. 2, 15, 266, 271, 285, 306. hydrus (Coluber), i i, 233, 682 hydrus (Natrix), iii. 605. ee (Tropidonotus), i. hygeze (Elaps), iii. 409. hygeize (Coluber), iii. 409. hygie (Pecilophis), iti. 409. Hypaspistes, i. 81. Hypnale, iii. 519. hypnale (Ancistrodon), lil. 528. hypnale (Boa), i. are Poppe (Cophias), 528. hypnale (Trigonecepha- lus), iii. 528, hypoconia (Tachymenis), iii. 116. hypomelas (Tropidono- tus), i. 264. Hypotropis, iii. 303. Hypsiglena, ii. 208. Hypsirhina, iti. 2, 19. hypsirhinoides (Tytleria), i. 352, Hypsirhynchus, ii. 117. Hypsiscopus, iii. 2. Taltris, iii. 137. iberus (Tarbophis), iii. 49. iberus (Trigonophis), iii. 49. ibibe (Coluber), i. 206. ibibiboca (Coluber), iii. 196. ibibiboca (Elaps), iii. 428. Idiopholis, ii, 827. Idiotypblops, i. 4. ignita (Coronella), ii. 176. ignita (Rhadinza), ii. 176. ignitus (Dromicus), ii. 176. iheringi pL Seperate), iii. hava ‘(Coronella), ii. 172. ikaheka (Coluber), _ iii. 347, ikaheka (Diemenia), iii. 347. ikaheka iii. 347. ae _(Opbiophagus), iii. ce U irateieais iii. 316, 347. illyrica (Vipera), i iii. 485, Hlysia, i, 133, 134. ysiide, i. 131. Tlysioidea, i, 181. (Micropechis), ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Imantodes, iii. 83. Imbricate, i. 3, 131, 167. imerinz (Liophis), 1.316. imerinz (Pseudoxyrho- pus), i. 316. immaculatus pus), iii. 101. immaculatus (Trimeresu- rus), iti. 562. imperator (Boa), i. 119 ; iii. 594 imperator (Elaps), ili. (Oxyrho- imperialis (Coniophanes), iii, 206. imperalis (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 206. imperialis (Rbadinza), ii. 206. imperialis (Tachymenis), iii. 206. imperialis (‘Teeniophis), iii. 206. inzequifasciata (Lepto- gnathus), ili. 455. inzequifasciatus (Cochlio- phagus), iii. 455, 456. ineequifasciatus (Lepto- gnathus), iii. 455. inagnitus (Pseudeyrx), ii. a9. incerta (Leptognathus), iii. 458. incertus (Leptognathus), iii. 458. inconspicuus (Typhlops), i. 16. inconstans ii. 121. indica (Dipsas), iii. 461. indica (Hypsirhina), iii. 4. (Dromicus), indica (Raclitia), iii. 4. indicus (Dipsadomorus), iii, 461. indicus (Leptognathus), ii. 461 indicus iii. 165. indicus (Tortix), i. 127. indicus (Xylophis), i. 304. infernalis (Boodon), i. (Psammophis), infernalis (Coluber), i, infernalis (Eutainia), i. 207 ; iii. 601. infernalis (Thamnophis), iii. 601. infernalis (Tropidonotus), i. 201, 20' inflata (Vipera), iii. 494. infralineata (Geodipsas), iii. 32. infralineatus (Tachyme- nis), ili, 32, infrasignatus (Ptyas), i. 247. infrateniatus (Helicops), i. 276. infuscatus'(Bothrophthal- mus), i. 324. ingens (Naja), iii. 386. inornata (Bitis), iii. 496. inornata (Boa), i. 97. inornata (Chitulia), iii, 290. inornata (Clotho), iii. 496. inornata (Coronella), ii. 195. inornata (Hchidna), inornata (Vipera), iii.496. inornata (Virginia), i. 290. inornatus (Amphiardis), 1. dU, inornatus (Atractaspis), iii. 515. inornatus (Chilabothrus), ix 97, 112. inornatus (Dasypeltis), ii. 354, inornatus (Dipsas), iii. 90. inornatus (Dryophylax), iii. 186. inornatus (Hirenis), ii. 260. inornatus (Hpicrates), i i. 97. inornatus (Himantodes), iii. 88. inornatus (Lamprophis), i, 821. inornatus (Philodryas), iii. 136, inornatus (Potamophis), i, 291, inornatus (Pseudoxeno- don), i. 272. inornatus (Rachiodon), ii. 355 inornatus (Stenophis), iii. 42. inornatus (Typhlops), i. 54. inornatus (Uromacer), ii. 116. inornatus (Xenodon), i. 79, “a insigniarum (Eutenia), i, 212. yet (Ccelopeltis), ii, 142 insignitus (Coluber), iii. 141. intermedia (Langaha), iii. 37. intermedia (Halys), iii. 525. intermedia (Typhlops), i 42. : intermedius _(Ancistro- don), iii. 525. intermedius (Crotalus), iii. 581. intermedius(Dendraspis), iii. 437. intermedius (Psammo- phis), iii. 162. intermedius (Pityophis), ii. 37. intermedius (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 525. intermedius (Tropidono- tus), i. 210. intestinalis (Adeniophis), iii. 402, intestinalis (Aspis), iii. 401 intestinalis (Callophis), iii. 402, 404. intestinalis (Doliophis), iii. 401. intestinalis (Hlaps), iii. intricatus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. intumescens (Coluber), iii. 494. Tobola, iii. 310, 463. iowe (Tropidoclonium), i, 289. iphisa (Coluber), iii. 409. iris (Calamaria), ii. 344. irregularis (Ahztulla), ii. 92, 94, 96. irregularis (Atractaspis), iii. 513, 514, 515. irregularis (Boiga), iii, 79. irregularis ee his), ie 96; iii, 631 irregnlaris (Coluber), ii. 96 ; iii. 75, irregularis (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 75. irregularis (Dipsas), iii 5. irregularis (Elaps), iii. 513. irregularis (Philotham- nus), ii. 96, 99; iii, 631. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. irregularis (Psammo- phis), iii. 161. irregularis (Triglypho- don), iii. 75. irregularis (Xenodon), ii. 150. irrorata (Metoporhina), i. 340. irroratum (Lycophi- dium), i. 340, F342; iii. 617. irroratus (Ooluber), i 340. : isabella (Wenona), i. 130. isabellina (Phayrea), iii. 165. Ischnognathus, i. 285. Isodonta, i. 71, 169. Isodontiens, i. ‘177. isolepis (Xenodon), il. 136. Isoscelis, ii. 300. isozona (Contia), ii. 266, isozonus (Elaps), iii. 427. isthmica (Boa), i. 119. isthmicus (Atractus), ii. 307. italica (Coronella), ii. 192. Ithycyphus, iii. 34. jacksoni (Lycophidium), i. 340. jacksonii (Aparallactus), iii. 256, 649, jacksonii (Causus), iii. 468. jJacksonii (Rhamnophis), lil. 632. jacksonii (Thrasops), iii. 32. jacksonii (Uriechis), iii. 256. jaculus (Anguis), i. 125, jaculus (Eryx), i, 125, 128 ; iii, 595. jaculus (Tortrix), i, 126. ee (Coronella), ii. 1 jeegeri (Rhadinza), ii, 170. jagori (Typhlops), i. 18. jagorii (Eurostus), iii. 6. Jagorii (Hypsirhina), iii. 6. jakati (Aspidopython), i. 84, jamaicensis (Anguis), i 31. jamesonii (Dendraspis), iii, 485, 436. jamesonii (Elaps), iii. 436, 683 jamesonii (Naja), iii. 435, jamesonii (Python), i. 85. Jamneticus (Feranvides), iii. 11. jani (Arizona), ii. 66. jani (Galeophis), iii. 134, jani (Homalocranium), iii. 220. jani (Prosymna), ii. 249, janii (Liophis), ii, 359. janseni (Coluber), ii. 57, 357. jansenii (Gonyosoma), ii. janthinus (Coluber), iii. 129. japonicus (Callophis), iii. 395. japonicus (Dinodon), i 363. japonicus (Hemibunga- rus), iii, 395. japonicus (Ophites), i 363 jara (Coluber), i. 350. jara (Leptorbytaon), i. 350. jara (Lycodon), i. 350; iii. 618 jararaca (Bothrops), iii. 535. jararaca (Craspedocepha- lus), iii, 535, jararaca (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 535. jJararacca (Cophias), iii. 535. jararacussu (Bothrops), iii. 535. jardinii (Bucephalus), iii. 187. jaspidea (Dipsas), iii, 73. jaspideum § (‘Triglypho- don), iii. 73. jaspideus (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 73, jauresi (Tropidonotus), i. 206. javanica (Calamaria), ii. 347. javanica (Potamophis), i. 173. javanicum (Xenoderma), i. 175. javanicus (Acrochordus), i. 178. javanicus (Coluber), i. 85. javanicus (Enicognathus), i. 185. javanicus (Tragops), iii. » 684 Javanicus (Xenodermus), 1.175. jJayakari (Eryx), i. 129. a (Hydrophis), iii. fees (Typhlops), i. 19, 418. jerdonii (Distira), iii. 299, jerdonii (Hydrophis), iii. 299, jerdonii (Kerilia), iii. 299. ae (Lachesis), iii 551. jerdonii (Trimeresurus), iii. 551. jimenezii (Crotalus), iii, 582. joberti (Enicognathus), ii. 174. jobiensis (Brachyorrhos), i. 306. jobiensis (Calamophis), i. 305. johnii (Boa), i. 127. Johnii (Clothonia), i. 127. johnii (Eryx), i. 127. jugularis(Coluber),i.395. ae (Hypotropis), iii. julie (Aporophis), ii. 139. julie (Dromicus), ii. 139. julize (Liophis), ii. 139. junceus (Tropidonotus), i, 224, 258. kaouthia (Naja), iii. 380. karelinii (Coluber), i. 401. karelinii (Tyria), i. 401. karelinii (Zamenis), i. 401. Katophis, i. 193. ct aria (Dendrophis), kelleri (Hemirhagerrhis), iii. 119, 649. kennerlyit (Heterodon), ii. 156. kennicottiana _(Steno- rhina), iii. 229. kennicottii (Tropido- notus), i. 208. kentii (Neospades), iii. 20. Kerilia, iii, 285. keyensis (Liclaphis), i 365 keyensis (Lycodon), i 365. khasiensis (Stoliczkaia), i. 176. khasiensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 223. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. kingii (Hydrophis), iii. 276 kirkii (Abetulla), ii. 99. kirkii (Philothamnus), iii. 631. kirtlandii (Cladophis), iii. 185. kirtlandii (Clonophis), i. 286. kirtlandii (Crotalopho- rus), iii, 571. kirtlandii (Dryiophis), iii. 185. kirtlandii (Ischnogna- thus), i. 286, 419; iii. 611. kirtlandii (Leptophis), iii. 185. kirtlandii (Natrix), iii 1 611. kirtlandii (Oxybelis), i 185. kirtlandii (Regina), i. 286. kirtlandii (Thelotornis), iii. 185. kirtlandii (Tropidoclo- nion), i. 286. kirtlandii (Tropidonotus), i. 286. klingii (Gonionotophis), iii. 614. korros (Coluber), i. 384. korros (Coryphodon), i 384. korros (Ptyas), 1.377, 384. korros (Zamenis), i. 384 ; iii. 62]. kraalii (Typhlops), i. 30. krait (Pseudoboa), iii. 368. kraussi (Onychocepha- lus), i. 42. kraussii (Typhlops), i. 42. kraussii (Ophthalmi- dion), i. 42. krefftii (Cacophis), 318. krefftii (Pseudelaps), iii. 318. kubingii (Pseudoelaps), iii, 325. kuhlii (Brachyorrhos), i. 305. labialis (Alecto), iii. 336. labialis (Hoplocephalus), iii. 336, labialis (Oxyrhopus), iti. 107 labialis (Trimeresurus), iii. 551 Labionaris, iii, 312. labiosa (Ninia), i. 293. labiosus (Streptophorus), i. 293. labuanensis (Simotes), ii. 218. lacepedei iii. lacertina " (Ccelopeltis), iii, 142. lacertina (Natrix), iii. 141. lacertinus (Malpolon), iii. 141. (Hydrophis), lacertinus (Psammo- phis), iii. 142. Lachesis, iii. 529. lachesis (Cobra), iii. 493.: lachrymans (Dromicus), ii. 174. lachrymans (Lygophis), ii. 174. lachrymans (Rhadinza), ti. 174. lacrymans (Coluber), iii. 157. lacrymans (Psammo- phis), iii. 157. lactea (Stenorhina), i 229. lactea (Vipera), iii. 409. lacteus (Aspidelaps), iii. 409. lacteus (Cerastes), iii. 409. lacteus (Coluber), iii. 409. lacteus (Elaps), iii. 409. lacteus (Homorelaps), iii. 409. lacteus (Pecilophis), iti. 409. ladacensis (Zamenis), i 398 ; iii, 622. letus (Coluber), ii. 40. letus (Diadophis), ii. 208, letus (Liophis), i ii, 208. letus (Scotophis), ii. EB leviceps (Atheris), i levicollis (Coluber), ii. Imvie (Acanthophis), iii. ie nara iii. 304, in. sidmbiveepbalus), iii. 44 levis (Boo), iii. 351. levis (Coluber), ii. 191, 286. levis (Coronella), i ii. 192, 194; iii. 175. levis (Dipsas), iii. 441. levis (Drymobius), ii. 11. ae (Herpetodryas), ii. levis (Hydrophis), iii. eae (Leptognathus), i iii. 441. lsevis (Pareas), iii. 441. levis (Thamnodynastes), iii. 116. levis (Zacholus), ii. 192. levissima (Natrix), i. 226. levissima (Neusterophis), i. 226. levissimus (Tropidono- tus), i. 226. lagoensis (Aheztulla), ii. 100. lagoensis (Philothamnus), ii. 100. lalandii iti. 187. lalandii (Onychophis), i 45. (Dispholidus), lalandii (Typhlops), i. 45. lambda (Trimorphodon), li. 54. Lampropeltis, ii, 188. Lamprophis, i. 318, 320, 343. Lamprosoma, ii. 255. lanceolata (Vipera), iii. 535. lanceolatus (Bothrops), iii. 585 lanceolatus (Coluber), iii. lanceolatus (Cophias), iii. 535. lanceolatus (Craspedo- cephalus), ili. 535, lanceolatus Cachesis), i iii, 535. lanceolatus (Drigonoce- phalus), iii. 535. Langaha, iii. 35. langaha (Amphisbena), ii. 36. Jangaha (Dryiophis), iii. 36. langsdorffii (Elaps), iii. 416. lankadivana (Dapatnaya), i. 141. lansbergi (Streptopho- rus), 3. 293, lansbergii (Bothriechis), iii, 546, 547. : lansbergii (Bothrops), iii. 546, 547. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. lansbergii (Lachesis), iii, 546 lansbergii (Ninia), i. 293. lansbergii (Porthidium), iii. 546, lansbergii (Teleuraspis), iii. 546. Jansbergii (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 546. laoensis (Lycodon), i. 354, lapemidoides (Distira), iii. 297. Lapemis, iii. 300. lapemoides (Aturia), iii. 297. lapemoides (Hydrophis), iii. 297, larvata (Naja), iii. 380. latastii (Vipera), iii. 484, laterale (Bascanium), i 391. laterale (Lycophidium), i, 338 ; iii. 616 lateralis (Aheetulla), i, 248. lateralis (Bothriechis), iii. 566. lateralis (Bothrops), iii. 566 lateralis (Calamaria), ii. lateralis iii. 206. ve 2 eee rene) iii. 20 eee ‘(Lachesis), iii, 566. (Coniophanes), lateralis (Leptophis), i. 247, 248, 391. lateralis (Macrocalamus), ii. 327. lateralis (Philothamnus), i, 248. lateralis (Thamnosophis), 247, 248. lateralis (Tretanorhinus), i, 282; iii. 610. lateralis (Tropidonotus), i, 248, 249. lateralis (Zamenis), iii. 622. lateristriga (Clotho), iii. 494, lateristriga (Dromicus), ii. 181. lateristriga (Liophis), ii. 181. lateristriga (Urotheca), ii, 181; ili. 636. lateritia (‘Tachymenis), iii, 205, 685 lateritius (Coniophanes), iii. 205. lateritius (Erythrolam- prus), iii, 205. Laticauda, iii. 306. laticaudatus (Coluber), iii. 307. laticaudatus (Platurus), ui. 307, 308. laticeps (Homalocra- nium), iii. 219. laticeps (Pappophis), iii. 75. “ee (Tantilla), iii. 219. laticollaris (Elaps), iii. 423, latifascia (Dipsas), ii. 55. latitasviata (Hydrophis), iii, itireccista (Hypsiglena), ii. 211. latifasciatus(Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 71. latifasciatus (Hydrophis), iii, 279. latifrons (Atractus), ii. 303, latifrons (Geophis), ii. 303. latifrontalis (Atractus), ii. 804. latifrontalis (Geophis), ii. 304. latirostris (Philodryas), iii, 129. lativittatus (Dirrhox), iii. 1 latonia (Coluber), iii. 390. laureata (Rhadinea), ii. 179. laureatus (Dromicus), ii, 179. . leachii (Anilios), i. 31. leberis (Coluber), ii, 154. leberis (Natrix), i. 239. leberis (Regina), i. 289; - iii. 605. leberis (‘Tropidonotus), i. 237, 238, 239. lebetina (Viper a), iii. 487. lebetinus (Coluber), iii, 487. lecomtei (Oxybelis), iii. 185, lecontei (Crotalus), iii. lecontii (Rhinochilus), ii. 212. Leiolepis, iii. 519. Leionotus, i. 210; ii. 286, 686 Leiopython, i. 76. Leioselasma, iii. 285. Leiosophis, ii. 144, 180. leithii (Psammophis), iii. 155, 157. lemniscata (Natrix), iti. 430. lemniscata (Vipera), iii. 430. lemniscatus (Boodon), i. 29 leniniscatus iti. 430. lemniscatus (Drymobius), iii. 622. lemniscatus (Elapomor- phus), iii 241. lemniseatus (Flaps), iii. 421, 423, 427, 428, 439. lemniscatus (Phalotris), iii. 242. lentiferus (Himantodes), iii. 86 lentiginosum (Rhino- bothryum), iii. 82. lentiginosus (Coluber), ili. 82. lenzi (Typhlops), i. 16. leonis (Coronella), ii. 199. leopardina (Coronella), i. 192, leopardina (Dimades), i. 278. (Coluber), leopardina (Homalopsis), i, 278. leopardina(Natrix), ii.41. leopardina (Psammo- phis), iii. 162. leopardinus (Callopeltis), ii. 41. ac cae (Coluber), ii. 41. leopardinus (Helicops), i. 278, lepida (Aploaspis), iii. 582. ae (Apostolepis), iii. lepida (Caudisona), iii. 582. Lepidocepalus, i. 360. Lepidognathus, i. 283. lepidus( Crotalus), iii.582. lepidus (Elapomorphus), iii. 241. leporinum (Oxyrhab- dium), i. 303; iii. 612. leporinum(Rhabdosoma), i. 302, 303. leprieurii_ (Helicops), i. 277, 278 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. oi aad (Coluber), i ie i. 121. Leptocalamus, ii. iii. 641. leptocephala (Eutainia), i. 201 ; iii. 600. leptocephalus (Trimere- surus), iii. 328. leptocephalus (Tropido- notus), i. 201, 418; iii. 600. Leptodira, iii. 88. leptodira (Hydrophis), iii, 285. Leptognathiens, i. 177; li. 853; iii. 438. Leptognathinz, iii. 438, ] Leptognathus, iii. 440, 446, 460, 462. Leptophidium, iii. 627. Leptophis, i. 193, 379; li. 9, 77, 87, 91, 102, 105, 255. Leptorhytaon, i. 348. Leptotyphlops, i. 59. Letheobia, i. 7. os ona (Fordonia), iii. 1. 249 ; leucobalia (Hemiodon- tus), iii. 22. leucobalia (Homalopsis), iii. 21. a (Boiga), iii. leucocephala(Calamaria), li, 44, leucocephala (Dipsas), iii. 57. leucocephala (Xenopel- tis), 1. 168. leucocephalus (Cephalo- lepis), i. 57. leucocephalus (Coluber), iii. 57. leucocephalus(Eudipsas), iti, 58. leucocephalus (Lycogna- thus), iii. 57. leucocephalus (Oxyrho- pus), iii, 58, 106. leucogaster (Calamaria), ii. 341. leucogaster (Liophis), ii. 163. leucogaster (Rhadinza), ii. 163. leucomelas (Alsophis), ii. 123. leucomelas (Atractaspis), iii. 517. leucomelas (Dromicus), ii. 12 leucomelas (Himantodes), iii. 84. leucomelas (Leptogna- thus), iii. 453. leucomelas (Tropidono- tus), i. 266. a a (Typhlops), i. 18. leucopilus (Coronella), i. 318. amuse prootas (Typhlops), 20. i. 2 leucosticta (Naja), iii. 377 leucostigma (Bothrops), iii. 53. leucostoma (Acontias), iii. 520. leucostomus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 296. leucostomus (Symphi- mus), iii. 642. leucura (Atractaspis), iii. 14. leucurus (Bothrops), iii. 542. levingii (Silybura), i. 152. Jewisii (Elaps), iii. 629. Lianthera, iii. 599. Liasis, i. 76, 81. liberiensis (Boa), iii. 592, liberiensis (Onycho- cephalus), i. 42. liberiensis (Python), iii. 592. liberiensis (Typhlops), i. 42. ; Lichanura, i. 129. lichensteinii _ (Aspide- laps), iii. 470. ‘lichensteinii (Causus), iii. 470. lichensteinii (Coluber), ii. 0. liebmanni (Chersodro- mus), i. 298. Lielaphis, i. 364. ‘ligatus (Typhlops), i. 34; iii. 585. Ligonirostra, ii. 246. limnea (Vipera), iii. 477. Limnophis, i. 272. lindheimeri (Coluber), ii. 0, lindheimeri phis), ii. 50. lindheimeri (Scotophis), ii. 50. lindsayi (Aturia), iii. 281. (Panthero- lindsayi (Hydrophis), iii. 281, lineata (Boa), iii. 368. aay (Hapsidophrys), i. 104. hana (Maticora), iii. lineata (Storeria), i. 289. lineata (Tachymenis), iii. 128. lineata (Toluca), ii. 269. lineata (Typhlina), i. 15. lineaticollis (Arizona), ii. 64. lineaticollis (Coluber), ii. 64. lineaticollis (Pituophis), ii. 64 lineatum (Boxdon), i. 32. lineatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 219. lineatum (Pilidion), i. lineatum (Rhabdosoma), ii. 312. lineatum (Tropidoclo- nion), i. 289. lineatum (Typhlinalis), i. 15. lineatus (Aparallactus), iii. 261. lineatus (Aporophis), ii 158; iii. 634. lineatus (Apostolepis), iii. 236. lineatus (Bascanion), i. lineatus (Boodon), i. 331, 332; iii. 616. lineatus (Bothrophthal- mus), i. 324. lineatus (Bungarus), iii. 368, 370. lineatus (Coluber), ii. 158 lineatus (Conophis), iii. 122. lineatus (Conopsis), ii 268. lineatus (Cyclocorus), i 327; iii. 615. lineatus (Cylindrophis), i. 187. lineatus (Dromicus), ii. 141, 158, 170. lineatus (Dromophis), iii. 149. lineatus (Dryophylax), iii. 9. lineatus (Elaphis), i, 324. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. lineatus (Geophis), ii. 812. lineatus (Herpetodryas), ii. 158. lineatus (Ischnognatbus), i, 289. lineatus (Lycodon), i. 327, lineatus (Lygophis), ii. 158. lineatus (Metopophis), iii. 261. lineatus (Microps), i. 289 lineatus (Philodryuas), iii. 149. lineatus (Psammophis), iii. 122. lineatus (Tomodon), iii. 122. lineatus (Tropidonotus), i, 262. liueatus (Typhlops), i. 15; iii. 584. lineatus (Uriechis), iii, 261. lineatus (Zamenis), i. 388 ; iii. 621. lineofasciatus (Helicops), i. 281. lineolata (Dendrophis), ii. 80, 85. lineolata (Eutenia), i. 202. lineolatum (Taphrome- topon), iii. 151. lineolatus (Coluber), iii. 151. lineolatus (Dendrophis), ii. 80, 85; iii. 629. lineolatus (Spheno- calamus), ii. 826. lineolatus (Typhlops), i 42. linnzi (Calamaria), ii. 336, 345, 349. liocercus (Aheetulla), ii. 111, 118. liocercus (Coluber), ii. 113. liocereus (Dendrophis), ii. 111, 113. liocercus- (Leptophis), ii. 111, 113; ii. 633. TLiodytes, i. 272. Lioheterodou, i. 268, Lioninia, iii. 212. Liopala, iii. 271. Liopeltis, ii. 255, 257. Liophallus, iii. 59. Liophidium, iii. 598. 687 | Tiophis ii, 118, 126, 160, Liotyphlops, i. 4. Hepisis (Geophis), i 188. lippicus (Sympholis), ii. 188. Lisalia, i. 76. Lissophis, i. 336: liura (Silybura), i. 149. lividum (Lycodon), i. 366. lividus (Bungarus), iii. 370. lividus (Lielaphis), i. 366. lividus Espa ietaeen i. 366 longicauda (Ablabes), ii. 284; iii, 643. longicauda (Coronella), i. 217. longicauda (Glauconia), i. 66. longicauda (Meizodon), i. 217. longicauda (Stenostoma), i. 66 longicaudata (Grayia), ii. 288 longicaudatum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. 313. longicaudatus (Geagras) ii. 250. longiceps (Atractus), ii. 305. longiceps (Calamaria), ii. 29. longiceps (Hydropbis), iii. 275. longiceps (Oxycalamus), ii, 829. longiceps (Pseudorhab- dium), ii. 329; iii. 646. longiceps (Rhabdosoma), ii. 305. longifrenatus (Philo- thamnus), ii. 96. longifrons (Psammophis), itl. 165, longifrontale (Homalo- cranium), iii. 218. longissima (Natrix), ii 52. longissimus (Ophthal- midion), i. 33. longissimus (Callopeltis), ii. 53. longissimus (Coluber), ii. 52, 357 ; iii. 627. longissimus (Typhlops), i, 33. 688 fap nepnine (Vipera), iii. 497. lophophrys (Cerastes), lii. 497. loreata (Hydrophis), iii. 301 loreata (Rhadinza), ii. 179, loreatus (Lapemis), iii. 301. lovii (Calamaria), ii. 350. Loxocemi, i. 74. Loxocemina, i. 74. Loxocemus, i, 74. Loxodon, i. 413. lubrica (Naja), iii. 890. lubrica (Natrix), iii. 390. lubricus (Aspidelaps), iti. 390. lubricus (Elaps), iti. ee lubricus (Hydrops), i 210. lubricus (Pelagophis), iii. 306. lucani (Atheris), iii. 509. lucifer (Caudisona), ili. 576. lucifer (Crotalus), iii. lu eubris (Crotalus), iii lumbricalis (Anguis), i. lumbricalis (Typhlops), i. 21, 27, 81; iii. 585 lumbriciformis (Letheo- bia), i. 54. lumbriciformis (Onycho- cephalus), i. 54. lumbriciformis (Ty- phlops), i. 54; iii. 590. lumbricoidea (Cala- maria), ii. 338, 344. lunulata (Tropidodipsas), ii. 21. lunulata (Vermicella), iii. 407. lunulatus (Aparallactus), iii. 258. lunalatus (Phrynonax), ii. 21. lunulatus (Spilotes), ii. 21 lunulatus (Uriechis), iii. 258. luteostriatus (Coluber), i. 395 lutescens (Naja), iii. 380. luteus (Lachesis), iii. 553. luteus (Trimeregurus), iii. 553. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. lutrix (Coluber), ii. 274. lutrix (Homalosoma), ii. 274, 275 ; iii. 642. luzonensis (Zaocys), i. 377 Lycodon, i. 827, 336, 348, 360, 364, 869; iii. 56, 99. Lycodoniens, i. 177. Lycodontide, i. 177; iii. 597. Lycodontiens, i. 177. Lycodontine, i. 177 ; iii. 597. Lycodryas, iii. 44. Lycognathophis. i, 317. eee iii. 56, 58, Lycophidium, i, 336. Lygophis, iii. 127. lyno4 phanes (Lycodon), iii. lpi ane: don), iii. 56. Lystrophis, ii. 151. Lytorhynchus, i. 414. macclellandii (Callophis), iii. 398, 402 macclellandii (Elaps), iii. 398. macclellanii (Pituophis), ii. 69. macfarlani (Distira), iii. 294. mackloti (Liasis), i. 79. macleayi (Hypsirhina), iii. macleayi(Pseudoferania), iii, 9. Macrelaps, ili. 255. Macrocalamus, ii. 327. macrocercus (Dromicus), i, 246. macrolepis (@lauconia), i. 69. macrolepis (Lachesis), iii. 560 macrolepis (Peltopelor), iii. 560 macrolepis (Silybura), i 159. macrolepis (Stenostoma), i. 69. macrolepis rus), ili. 560. Macrophis, ii. 286. macrophthalma (Herpe- todryas), ii. 73. macrophthalmus (Tropi- donotus), i. 251, 270. (Trimeresu- macrophthalmus (Xeno- don), i. 251, 270, 271. Macropisthodon, i. 265. Macropophis, i. 264. Macroprotodon, iii. 175. Macrops, ii. 71. macrops (Dendrophis), ii, 85. Sa (Oligolepis), iii. 644. macrops (Pseudoxeno- don), i, 270. macrops (Tropidonotus), i. 270. ee (Dipsas), iii. 83. macrorhinum (Rhinobo- thryum), iii. 82. macrorhynchum (Steno- stoma), i. 61. macrorhynchus (Glauco- nia), i. 61. macrorhynchus _— (Sily- bura), i. 153. macroscelis _ (Cylindro- phis), i. 137. Macrosoma, iii. 167. macrostiemma (Eutainia), i. 211; iii. 602. macrostemma (Tropido- notus), i. 211; iii. 602. Macrostomata, i. 71, 169. macrurus (Calamaria), ii. 344. macrurus (Onychocepha- lus), i itieenilaeiae (Amblyeepha- lus), iii. eee. (Pareas), ili. 444. maculata (Anguis), i. 136. maculata (Cylindrophis), i, 136. een (Denisonia), iii. 341. maculata (Dipsadoboa), iii, 48, maculata (Ficimia), ii. 268. maculata (Hydrophis a a maculata (Hypsirhina we ‘ maculata (Ilysia), i. 136. maculata (Isoscelis), ii. 306. maculata (Naja), iii. 380. maculata (Oxyrhina), ii 268. maculata (Parias),iii.548. maculata(Silybura),i.149, maculata (Ungalia), 112, 118; iii. 594. maculatum (Nymphophi- dium), i. 371. maculatum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii, 305, 306, 307, 308. maculatus (Anoplophal- lus), ii. 353. ‘maculatus (Atractus), ii. 306 ; iii. 645. maculatus(Chilabothrus), i, 98. maculatus (Coluber), i. 405; ii. 39. maculatus (Oonopsis), ii. 268. maculatus (Corallus), i. maculatus (Cyclochorus), iii. 33 ‘maculatus (Cylindro- phis), i. 186; iti. 595. maculatus (Distichurus), iti. 467. maculatus (Eryx), i. 127. ‘maculatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 341. maculatus (Leionotus), i. 12. maculatus (Megalops), ii. 353. maculatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 110. ‘maculatus © (Stenophis), iii. 43. ‘maculatus (Streptopho- rus), i, 293. maculatus (Tortrix), i 136 maculatus (Trimesurus), iii. 562. maculatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 225, 258, 260; iii. 608. pe rcwin (Tropidophis), i. 112 maculiceps ‘(Callophia), iii. 397 maculiceps (Elaps), iii. 397. ‘maculivittis (Alsophis), ii. 11. maculivittis (Dromicus), ii. 11. maculolineata (Calama- via), li. 336. maculosa (Calamaria), ii. 345. maculosa (Hypsirhina), iii, 10. ‘VOL, III. . ALPHABETICAL INDEX. maculosus (Liasis), i. 77. madagascariensis (Ano- malodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Boa), i. 120; iii. 594, madagascariensis (Coral- lus), i. 103. madagascariensis (Dro- micus), i. 248. madagascariensis (Hete- rodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Lan- gaha), iii. 36. madagascariensis (Lio- heterodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Mimo- phis), iii. 171. madagascariensis (Pelo- philus), i. 120. madagascariensis (Sanzi- nia), i. 103. madagascariensis (Typh- lops), i. 25 madagascariensis (Xipho- soma), i. 103, madarensis (Vipera), i 101. madensis (Tropidonotus), i, 256. maderensis (Culuber), i 191. madurensis (Platyplec- trurus), i. 166. madurensis (Silybura), i. 156 ; iii. 596. me#oticus (Coluber), ii. 44. magnus (Lycodon), i. 365, mahfalensis (Mimophis), iii. 171 mahfalensis (Psammo- phis), iii. 171. Mainophis, i. 805. mairii (Tropidonotus), iii. 602. majalis (Leptophis), ii. 258. majalis (Philophyllo- phis), li. 258. major (Ablabes), ii. 279. major (Atractus), ii. 307. major (Cyclophis), ii. 279. major (Distira), iii. 289. major (Hydrophis), iii. 289. major (Hydrus), iii. 288, 289. major (Trimorphodon), iii. 689 malabaricus (Cophias), ili. 558. malabaricus (Cynophis), ii. 36. malabaricus (Elaps), iii. 394. malabaricus _(Herpeto- dryas), ii. 36. malabaricus (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 558. malaccana (Asthenodip- sas), iii, 442, -malaccanus(Amblycepha- lus), iii. 442. malayana (Callophis), in. 402, malayanus (Adeniophis), ili. 402. malignus (Coluber), i. 349. malignus (Lycodon), 349 Malpolon, iii. 141. mamillaris (Anguis), iii. 277. mamillaris (Hydrophis), iii. 277. mancas(Leptophis), ii. 88. mandarinus (Coluber), ii. 2 mandensis (Typhlops), iti. 587. maniar (Dendrophis), ii. 88. manillensis (Elaphis), ii. 62 Manolepis, iii. 120. maregravii (Hlaps), iii. 419, 423, 427, 428, 482. marciana (Hutainia), i 210; iii. 602. marcianus (Tropidono- tus), i. 210 ; iii. 602. margaritatum (Gonyoso- ma), ii. 71. margaritatus phis), ii. 71. margaritifera (Calama- ria), ii. 336. margaritiferus (Corypho- don), ii. 196. margaritiferus cus), ii. 17. margaritiferus (Drymo- bius), ii. 17; iii. 626. margaritiferus (Herpeto- dryas), ii, 17. margaritiferus phis), ii. 17. margaritiferus (Mastico- phis), iii. 626. 2y (Gonyo- (Dromi- (Lepto- 690 margaritiferus (Thamnos- ophis), ii. 17. margaritophora (Calama- ria), ii. 336. margaritophorus (Aipy- surus), 111. 304. -Margaritophorus (Am- blycephalus), iii. 445. margaritophorus (Lepto- gnathus), ili. 445. margaritophorus (Pare- as), iii, 445. marginatus (Helicops), i. 281, marginatus (Leptophis), ii, 112; iii, 633. marginatus (Thrasops), ii. 118. marmorata (Cenchris), iii. 522, maroccanus (Macropro- todon), iii. 175. mnartapurensis (Calama- ria), ii. 344. martensii (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 221. martii (Calopisma), ii. 187, marti (Homalopsis), ii. 87. martii (Hydrops), ii. 187 ; ii1. 637. moartii (Pseuderyx), iii. 6387. massasauga (Crotalopho- rus), iu. 571. mastersii (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 336. Masticophis, i. 379. Maticora, ii. 3899. mattazoi (Elaps), iii, 362. Maudia, i. 160. a (Hypsirhina), i. 340. mauritanica (Bitis), iii. 488. mauritanica (Clotho), iii. 488. mauritanica (Echidna), iii. 488. mauritanica (Vipera), ili. 488. mauritanicus (Macropro- todon), iii. 175. maurus (Coluber), i. 235. maurus (Epicrates), i. 94. maximiliani (Coluber), iii. 57 mayottensis (Ablabes), i. 183. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. mayottensis (Enicogna- thus), i. 183. mayottensis (Polyodont- ophis), i. 183. mechovii (Xenocalamus), iii, 248. medici (Dipsas), ii. 855. Meditoria, i. 7 medusa (Tropidonotus), i. 238. meeki (Dendrophis), iii. 629. Megablabes, i. 379. Megera, iii. 529. megera (Bothrops), iii. 535, 538. megewra (Coluber), iii. 535. Megzrophis, iii. 365. megalolepis (Spilotes), ii. 24 Megalops, ii. 353. megalops (Hutainia), i. 212; iii. 602. megaspilus (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 525. Meizodon, ii. 188. melanauchen (Hnicogna- thus), ii. 175. melanauchen (Rhadinza), ii. 175. melanichnus (Alsophis), ii. 122. melanis (Vipera), iii. 476. melanis (Coluber), iii. 476. melanocephala (Calama- ria), iii, 215. melanocephala (Coronel- la), ii. 246. melanocephala (Duber- ria), iii. 215. melanocephala (Rhadi- nea), i. 100. melanocephala (Tachy- menis), iii. 205. melanocephala (Tantilla), iii. 215. melanocephalum (Homa- locranium), iii, 215, 218, 220. melanocephalum (Homa- losoma), ii. 246. melanocephalus (Abla- bes), i. 185. melanocephalus (Aspi- diotes), i. 91. melanocephalus (Aspi- dites), i. 91; iii. 592. melanocephalus (Catheto- rhinus), i. 15. melanocephalus (Colu- ber), iii. 215. melanocephalus (Dromi- cus), ii. 173. melanocephalus (Elaps),. iii. 215. melanocephalus (Enico- gnathus), i. 186; ii 172, 174. melanocephalus (Ery- throlamprus), iii. 205. melanocephalus (Hydro- phis), iii. 283. melanocephalus (Lyco- don), i. 185. melanocephalus (Oligo- don), ii. 246. melanocephalus (Polyo- dontophis), i. 185. melanocephalus (Rhyn- chocalamus), ii. 246. melanocephalus (Typh- lops), i. 15. melanocrotaphus (Oxyro- pus), iii. 90. melanogaster i. 146. melanogaster (Hutznia), i. 226; ili, 604. melanogaster (Hydre- thiops), i. 281; iii 610. melanogaster (Mytilia), i. 146. (Crealia), melanogaster § (Rhino- phis), i. 146. melanogaster (Silybura), i. 146, 151. melanogaster (Tropido- notus), i. 225; iii. 604. melanogenys (Hlaps), iii- 427. melanogenys (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 105. melanogenys (Spheno- cephalus), iii. 105. melanoleuca (Naia), iii- 376. melanoleucus (Coluber), ii. 68. melanoleucus (Pituo- his), ii. 68. mdlaaplomais (Mastico-- phis), ii. 11. melanolomus (Zamenis), ii. 12. melanonotus ii. 134. Melanophidium, i. 163. melanopleurus (Phalo- tris), ili. 242. (Liophis), melanorhynchus (Cala- maria), ii. 333. melanosoma (Distira), iii. melanosoma(Hydrophis), iii. 291. melanostigma (Dendro- phis), ui. 99. melanostignra (Dromi- cus), ii, 142. melanostigma (Liophis), ii, 142. melanostigma ii, 142. melanota (Calamaria), ii. 349 ; iii. 648. melanotsenia (Elaps), iii. 3. (Natrix), melanotenia (Eutenia), i. 211 melanoterma (Steno- stoma), i. 63; iii. 591, melanotropis (Coluber), in. 33. melanotropis (Crossan- thera), ini. 626. melanotropis (Dendr- ophidium), ii. 33. melanotropis (Elaphis), ii. 33. melanotus (Coluber), ii. melanotus(Cylindrophis), i. 135. melanotus (Dromicus), i. 248; ii, 134. melanotus (Elaps), iii. 433 melanotus (Liophis), ii. 134. melanotus (Triglypho- don), iii. 71. melanozostus (Bothro- phthalmus), i. 324, melanozostus (Tropido- notus), i. 230. melanura (Boa), i. 111. melanura (Denisonia), iii. 45. melanura (Ungalia), i. 111; iii. 593. : melanurum (Compso- soma), ii. 60, 62. melanurus (Coluber), ii. 60; iii. 397. melanurus (Elaphis), ii. 60, 62 melanurus (Blaps), iii. 397. melanurus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 345. -ALPHABETICAL INDEX, melanurus (Hydrophis), iii, 273. melanurus (Spilotes), ii. 31, 35, 60, 62. melanurus (Tropidophis), i111. melas (Herpetodryas), ii. 76; iii. 628, meleagris (Calamaria), ii. 249: meleagris(Lycophidium), i. 837. meleagris (Opheomor- phus), ii. 132. meleagris (Prosymna), ii. 249; iii. 641. meleagris (Temnorhyn- chus), ii. 249. meutalis (Boodon), i. 335. mentalis (Dromicus), iii. mentalis (Elaps), iii. 432. mentalis (Hydrophis), iii. 289. mentovarium (Basca- nium), i. 389. mentovarius (Coluber), i. 389 mentovarius (Corypho- don), i. 389, mentovarius (Zamenis), i. 389; iii. 621. meridionalis (Bothrops), iii. 542. meridionalis (Coluber), ii. 194. meridionalis (Coronella), ii. 194. merremi (Boa), i. 101. merremii (Coluber), ii. 168. merremii (Coronella), ii. 131, 168. merremii (Liophis), ii. 131, 138, 168, 169. merremii (Ophiomor- phus), ii. 168, 169. merremii (Ophis), ii. 150. merremii (Rhadinza), ii. 168. merremii (Xenodon), ii. 150. mesomelana (Regina), i. 226. mesomelanus (Tropido- notus), i. 225. Mesopeltis, iii. 446. Mesotes, iii. 115, 117. messasaugus (Crotalus), iii. 570 691 Metoporhina, i. 336. mexicana (Ahwtulla), ii. mexicana (Anomalepis), i. 59. mexicana (Boa), i. . mexicana (Coronella), ii, 201 mexicana (Phimothyra), i, 392. mexicana (Salvadora), i. 392, mexicania (Bergenia), iii. 229. mexicanum (Bascanium), iii. 622. mexicanum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 215. mexicanus (Anomalepis), i. 59. mexicanus (Atropos), iii. 544. mexicanus (Bothriechis), iil. 544. mexXicanus (Bothriopsis),. iii. 545, mexicanus ii. 545. mexicanus (Cerastes), ii- (Bothrops), mexicanus (Chilomenis- cus), iii. 230.. mexicanus (Coluber), i. 392. mexicanus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 215. mexicanus (Hapsido- phrys), ii. 108. mexicanus (Leptophis), ii. 108. mexicanus (Lytorhyn- chus), i. 392. mexicanus (Masticophis), i. 392. mexicanus (Ophibolus), ii. 201. mexicanus (Pituophis), ii. 66, 69. mexicanus (Thrasops), ii. 108. mexicanus (Zamenis), i. 392 ; iii. 622, meyerinkii (Simotes), ii- 224. michahelles (Xenodon), ii. 65. michoacanense (Homalo- cranium), iii. 211. michoacanensis (Contia), iii, 211. 2x2 692 michoacanensis (Elapo- morphus), iii. 2)1. michoacanensis (Elaps), i, 423. sa rg (Scoleco- phis), iii. Micrelaps, iii. 148, Microcephala (Hydro- phis), iii. 280. microrephala_(Thalasso- phis), iii. 280. Miprocepkaiophis iii. 271. mivrocephalum (Rhabdo- soma), i. 304. microcephalus (Geophis), i. 304. Microdromus, iii. 212. microlepidota (Atractas- pis), i. 517. microlepidota (Dieme- nia), tii, 832. microlepidotus (Macr- elaps), iii. 255, 512. inicrolepidotus (Pseud- echis), iii. 332. microlepidotus echis), iii. 255. microlepis (Cerberus), iii. (Uri- microlepis (Loxodon), i 413. microlepis (Rhinophis), i. 143. sniorslents (Spalerosphis), i, 413. microlepis (Zamenis), i 413; iii. 625. Micropechis, iii. 346. Microphis, iii. 229. micropholis(Atractaspis), iii. 516. micropholis (Coronella), ii. 203 ; iii. 638. micropholis (Lampro- peltis), ii. 203. microphthalma (Amblyo- dipsas), iii. 244. microphthalma (Cala- maria), iti. 244. microphthalmus (Bo- throps), iii. 540. nic moeiitales (Lache- sis), iii. 540. Micropisthodon, _ iii. 614. Mierops, i. 285. microps (Coronella), i. 316. microps (Pseudoxyrho- pus), i. 315; iii. 613. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. microrhynchum (Rhab- dosoma), ii. 308. Microsoma, iii. 249. microstomus (Typhlops), i. 53. Micrurus, iii. 411. mikani (Leptognathus), iii. 452, 453, 456. mikanii (Anholodon), iii. 453. mikanii (Dipsas), iii. 453. milberti (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. miliaria (Caudisona), iii. 570. miliaris (Anguis), i. 125. miliaris (Coluber), ii. 168. miliaris (Tortrix), i. 126. miliarius (Crotalopho- rus), iii. 570, 571. miliarius (Crotalus), iii. 569, 571. miliarius (Sistrurus), iii. 570. mimeticus (Dimades), iii. 637. mimeticus (Pseudoeryx), iii. 637. Mimophis, iii. 171. mimus (Opheomorphus), ii. 164, mimus (Rhadinea), ii. 164. minax (Natrix), i. 219. mindorensis (Calamaria), iii. 646. miniata (Tantilla), iii. 222. miniatum (Homalocrani- um), iii. 222. miniatus (Coluber), iii. 35. miniatus (Dryophylax),. iii. miniatus (Ithycyphus), iii. 35. miniatus (Philodryas), iii. 35. minor iii. minor “oplocephsl iii. 356. minuta (Vipera), i iii. 488. a minutus (Coluber), i. 219. Miodon, iii. 249. miolepis (Calamelaps), iii. 246, miolepis (Dromicus), ii, 175. mipartitus (Elaps), iii- 431. Miralia, iii. 2. mirus (Lyphlops), i i. 52. mitchelli (Caudisona), iii. 580. mitchelli (Crotalus), iii. 580. mite (Homalosoma), ii. 267 mitis (Contia), ii. 267. M-nigrum (Coluber), ii. 131. mocquardii (Tetrano- rhinus), i. 283 ; iii. 611. modesta (Abetulla), ii. 107. modesta (Boa), i. 101. modesta (Cacophis), iii. 324, modesta (Calamaria), ii. 340; iii. 647. modesta (Contia), ii. 261. modesta (Coronella), ii. 260. modesta (Diemenia), iii. 324, modestum (Brachyrhy- ton), i. 866. modestum (Lycodon), i. 366. modestum (Oxyrhab- dium), i. 302. modestum (Rhabdoso- ma), i. 302, 303. modestus (Ablabes), ii. 260, 261, 262. modestus (Amblycepha- lus), iii, 444. modestus (Atractus), ii 304. modestus (Boodon), i. 344. modestus (Bothrophthal- mus), i. 824. modestus (Cyclophis), ii. 261. modestus (Dendrelaphis), ii. 91 ; 11. 630. modestus (Diadophis), ii. 208. modestus (Elapops), iii. 262, 649. modestus (Euophrys), iii. 131, modestus (Geophis), i. 3802. modestus (Helicops), i. 277. ae modestus (Heterodon), i. 269. modestus (Homalosoma), ii. 260. modestus (Hormonotus), i, 343 ; iii. 617. modestus (Lamprophis), i. 348 i. 343. modestus (Leptophis), ii. 107. modestus (Lielaphis), i 366, 367 modestus (Lioheterodon), i. 269. modestus (Lycodon), i. 365, 366. modestus (Oligodon), ii. 238 modestus (Pareas), iii. 444, modestus (Philotham- nus), ii. 107. modestus (Stegonotus), i. 366. modestus (Stenognathus), i. 302, 303 modestus (Tropidonotus), i. 229. moellendorffii (Ambly- cephalus), iii. 443. moellendortii (Coluber), ii. 56. moellendorffii (Cyno- phis), ii. 56. moellendorfii (Pareas), iii. 443. meesta (Geophis), ii. 319. moesta (Helicops), i. 277. meesta (Tantilla), iii. 225. mestum (Homalocrani- um), iii. 225. meesturn (Rhabdosoma), ii. 319. meestus (Geophis), ii. 319. moestus (Tropidonotus), i. 274. moilensis iii. 143. moilensis (Coluber), iii. 143. (Coelopeltis), mokasen (Agkistrodon), iii. 522. mokeson (Cenchris), iii. 522. mokeson (Scytale), iii. moliniger (Psammophis), i. 189. molorchinus (Philo- dryas), iii. 184. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. molossus (Caudisona), iii. 574, molossus (Coluber), ii. 39 molossus (Crotalus), iii. 574. molurus (Coluber), i. 87. molurus (Homalopsis), iii. 14, 16. molurus (Python), i. 87, 418. moniliger (Coluber), iii. 161. moniliger (Psammophis), ii. 261; iii. 156, 157, 161, 164, 169. monilis (Coluber), iii. 14. monilis (Homalopsis), iii. 4. Monobothris, iii. 633. monochrous (Calamaria), ii. 340. monozona (Erythro- lamprus), ii. 201. monspeliensis (Coluber), iii. 142 monspessulana (Ccelo- peltis), iii. 141. monspessulanus (Colu- ber), iii. 141. montanta (Vipera), ili 496. montanum (Pilidion), i 137. montanus (Thanatophis), iii. 544, monticola (Amblycepha- lus), iii. 443. monticola (Calamaria), i. 299. monticola (Cyclophis), i. 299. monticola (Dipsas), ii. 280 ; iii. 443. monticola (Lachesis), iii. monticola (Pareas), iii. 443. monticola (Trachischi- um), j. 299; iii. 612. monticola (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 548, 553. monticola (Tropidono- tus), i. 259; 11. 608. monticolus (Coluber), ii. 229. moreletii (Tropidonotus), i, 111. moreletii (Ungalia), i 111 Morelia, i. 81. 693 mormon (Coluber), i. 387. mormon (Masticophis), i. 387. mortoni (Tropidonctus), i. 267. on (Coluber), i. 230, eralens ‘(Helicops), i. 241, mortuarius (Tropidono- tus), i. 230, 241. mosis charas (Vipera), iii. 481 mossambica (Naja), iii. 78, mossambica (Dasypeltis), ii. 355. mossambica (Psammo- phis), iii. 162. mossambicus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 41. mossambicus (Typhlops), i. 41. mucosa (Natrix), i. 385. mucosus (Coluber), i. 385, mucosus (Ptyas), i. 385. mucosus Matnonis), i, 385 ; ili, 621 mucronatus (i'yphlops), i, 37. mucrosquamatus (Lache- sis), ii. 552. mucrosquamatus (Trigo- nocephalus), iii. 552. mucrosquamatus (Trime- resurus), ili. 552. mucruso (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. mucruso (Typhlops), i. 46 ; iii. 588. muelleri (Demansia), iii. 316. muelleri (Denisonia), iii. 337 muelleri (Diemenia), iii. 316 muelleri (Elaps), iii. 316. muelleri (Eryx), i. 128. ee (Gougylophis), i. 128 muelleri(Hoplocephalus), iii. 337. muelleri (Micrelaps), iii. 4 muelleri (Platurus), iii. 309. muelleri ( Pseudelaps), iii. 316. muelleri (Stegonotus), i. 367. 694 miilleri (Typhlops), i. 25. miilleri (Herpetodryas), i. 367. miilleri (Lycodon), i. 368. mulleri (Odontomus), i. multicarinata (Bolieria), i, 122; iii. 598. multicarinatus (Platy- gaster), i. 122. multicinctum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii. 308. multicinctus (Bungarus), iii. 368, multicinctus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 71. multicinctus (Ophibolus), ii. 197. multifasciata (Coronella), ii. 202. j ae (Dipsas), iii. i) multifasciatus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 69. multifasciatus (Elaps), iii. 431, multifasciatus (Mesopel- tis), iii. 459. multifasciatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 101. multifasciatus (Petalo- gnathus), iii. 459. multifasciatus (Simotes), ii, 222, wultilineata _ (Hypsi- rbina), iti. 10. multilineatus(Dromicus), ii. 181. multilineatus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 50. multilineatus (Typhlops), i. 50. multimaculata (Boiga), iii. 64. multimaculata (Coro- nella), iii. 125, 148. multimaculata (Dipsas), iii. 63. multimaculata (Dipsina), iii, 148. inultimaculata(Eutzenia), i. 214. multimaculata (Lycophi- dium), i. 359. ‘ multimaculata (Rhager- rhis), iii. 148. multimaculatus (Amplo- rhinus), iii. 125. multimaculatus marchus), i. 214. (Atc ALPHABETICAL INDEX. multimaculatus (Crota- lus), iii. 582. multimaculatus (Dipsa- domorphus), iii. 63. multimaculatus (Psam- mophylax), iii. 125. multimaculatus (Rham- phiophis), iii. 148. multimaculatus (Tropi- donotus), i. 214. multipunctata (Cala- maria), ii. 345. multisectus (Homalochi- lus), i. 96. multistratus (Ophibolus), ii. 201. multistriata (Lampro- peltis), ii, 201. multocarinata (Eryx), i, 122. murina (Boa), i. 115. murinus (Enulius), it. 250; iii. 641. murinus (Hunectes), i. 115. murorum 219. muta (Boa), iii. 534. mutabilis (Coluber), ii. 37. (Natrix), i. mutabilis (Natrix), ii. mutabilis (Scotophis), ii. 37. mutabilis (Trimeresurus), iii. 555. mutitorques (Geophis), ii, 304. mutitorques (Rhabdoso- ma), il. 304. mutus (Crotalus), ili. mutus (Lachesis), iii. 534, 544. mycterizans (Coluber), iii. 182. mycterizans (Dryinus), iii. 182. mycterizans (Dryophis), iii. 182. mycterizans (Passerita), ili. 183, 184. myhendre (Silybura), i. 156; iii. 596. myopica (Glauconia), i. 69. myopicum (Stenostoma), i. 69 myriolepis (Lichanura), i. 129. Myron, i. 272; iii. 19. mystacina (Leptodira), iii. 92. mystacinum (Sibon), iii. 92. Mytilia, i. 140, 144. Naja, iii. 327, 346, 348, 372, 388, 390, 465. naja (Coluber), iii. 380. naja (Vipera), iii. 380. najadum (Tyria), i. 397. Najide, iii. 310. Najing, iii. 310. napei (Lycodon), i. 349. Nardoa, i. 75, 76. narduccii. (Elaps), iii. 433 narirostre (Stenostoma), i. 65. narirostris (Glauconia), i. 65; iii. 591. nasale (Catostoma), ii. 318. nasale (Rhabdosoma), ii. 318. nasalis (Causus), iii. 468. nasalis (Cyclophis), ii. 282. nasicornis (Bitis), iii. 500. nasicornis (Cerastes), iii. 499, nasicornis (Clotho), iii. 00. nasicornis (Coluber), iii. nasicornis (Echidna), iii. 500. nasicornis (Vipera), iii. 500. nasicus (Heterodon), ii. nasua (Vipera), iii. 114. nasus (Bothrops), iil. 543. nasus (Conopsis), ii. 268. nasus (Countia), ii. 268. nasus (Ficimia), ii. 268. nasus (Rhinocerophis), iii. 543. nasuta (Langaha), iii. 36. nasuta (Meditoria), i. 31. nasutus (Anguis)), i. 27. nasutus (Bothrops), iii. 547. nasutus (Coluber), iii. nasutus (Dryinus), iii, 180, 182. sbicrireit masutus (Dryophis), iii. 183. nasutus (Manolepis), iii. nasutus (Porthidium), iii. 547. masutus (Tomodon), iii 120. nasuum (Rbinostoma), iii, 114. natalensis (Ahatulla), ii. 94, smatalensis iii. 512. matalensis ii. 94. natalensis ii. 94. matalensis (Atractaspis), (Chlorophis), (Dendrophis), (Hortulia), i. natalensis (Philotham- nus), ii. 94. matalensis (Python), i. 86 ; iii. 592. Natricides, 1.177 ; iii. 597. Natricing, iii. 597. Natrix, i. 192’; ii. 24, 25. natrix (Coluber), i. 219. matrix (Tropidonotus), i. 219, 419; iii. 603. mattereri (Coluber), iii 116 nattereri (Dipsas), iii 16. nnattereri (Heterodon), ii. 52. mattereri (Philodryas), iii, 134. mattereri (Thamnody- nastes), iii. 116. nattereri (Tropidonotus), iii. 116. nauii (Coluber), ii. 45. Nauticophes, iii. 264. nebulatus (Cerastes), ii. 293. nebulatus (Coluber), ii 293. mebulatus (Dipsas), ii. 293. mebulatus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 293; iii. 644. nebulatus (Petalogna- thus), ii. 293. nebulatus (Sibon), iii. 644. nebulosus (Cyclophis), ii. 278. nebulosus (Coluber), ii. 192 Neelaps, iii. 405. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, neelgherriensis(Cophias), iit 549. aa neelgherriensis (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 549. mene (Aheetulla), ii. neglectus (Oblorophis), ii. 94; iii, 631. neglectus (Dendraspis), iii. 436, neglectus (Periops), i. 407. ses ag nus), 9 eer '(Zamenis), i. 407. (Philotham- Neopareas, iii. 446. Neospades, iii. 19. neovidii (Xenodon), ii. 148. ae (Coluber), iii. 39, 528 nepa (Hypnale), i iii. 528. Nerodia, i. 193. neumayeri (Coluber), iti. 142. Neusterophis, i. 193. neuwiedii (Bothrops), iti. 542. neuwiedii (Hlapomor- phus), iii, 253. neuwiedii (Lachesis), iii. 542. neuwiedii (Microsoma), iii. 253. neuwiedii (Miodon), iii. 253. neuwiedii(Oxyrhopus), iii. 112. neuwiedii (Pseudoboa), iii. 112. neuwiedii (Scytale), ili 112, 113. neuwiedii (Trigonocepha- lus), ili. 542. neuwiedii (Urobelus), iii. 253. neuwiedii (Xenodon), ii. 148. newtoni (Onychocepha- lus), i. 55. newtonii (Typhlops), i. 55 nicaga (Rhadinea), ii 174. nicagus (Lygophis), ii. 174. nicagus (Teeniophallus), iii. 635. nicobariensis (Ablabes), ii, 285. 695 nicobariensis _(Tropido-. notus), i. 192. a (Elapechis), iii. 359, a aa de ii. ane (Heterodon), i 155. niger (Nerodia), i. 243. niger (Ophibolus), ii. 197. niger (Scytale), ii. 154. niger (Tropidonotus), i. 242. nigra(Elapsoidea),iii.359. nigra (Hydrophis), iii. 274. nigra (Naja), iii, 376, 380. ai (Pseudohaje), iii. 388, nigra (Silybura), i. 151. nigr (Tropidonotus), i. nigrescens (Anilios), i. 34 nigrescens (Callophis), iii. 394. nigrescens (Denisonia), iii. 343. nigrescens (Hemibunga- rus), iii. 394. nigrescens (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 343. nigrescens (‘Typhlops), i. 35 ; iii. 586. nigricans _(Chersodro- mus), i. 295, nigricans (Glauconia), i, 67; iii. 591. eee (Stenostoma), i. nigricans (Lyphlops), i 67. nigricauda (Typhlops), iii, 586. nigricaudus (Allophis), ii. 58, nigricaudus (Elaphis), ii. 58. a ee aa allactus), iii. 260, nigriceps " Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 72. nigriceps (Dinsas), iii. 72. nigriceps ( as lus), i iii. 342. nigriceps (fantilla), i 226. nigriceps (Uriechis), iii. 260. nigricollis (Coluber), ii. 260. 696 nigricollis (Naia), iii. 378, 649. nigroadspersus (Both- rops), li. 567. nigroadspersus aspis), iii. 567 nigro-alba(Calamaria), ii. (Teleur- vigroalbus (Typhlops), i, 24. nigrocincta (Hydrophis), iii, 273, 283, 292. nigrocincta (Elaps), iii. 423. nigrocinctus (Enhydris), iii. 277. sa aad ae lii. 273, 2 settee. "cyarus), lil. 277, 283, 299. nigrocinctus (Tropidono- tus), 1,255; iii. 608, nigrofasciata (Leptodira), ii. 92. nigrofasciatum (Sibon), lil. 92, nigrofasciatus (Coluber), iii. 200. nigrofasciatus (Philo- thamuus), ii. 99. nigrofasciatus (Psammo- phis). ii. 34. nigrolateris (Eutznia), i. 210 nigrolineata (Apostole- pis), iii. 285. nigrolineatus (Elapomor- phus), iii, 235. nigrolineatus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 42. nigrolutea (Regina), i 282. nigroluteus (Helicops), i. 282. nigroluteus rhinus), 610. nigromaculatus (Alope- cion), iii. 617. nigromaculatus (Elaps), iii. 396. nigromaculatus (Lyco- phidium), i. 340. nigromarginata (Ahe- tulla), ii. 112. nigromarginata (Dipsas), iii. 72. nigromarginatus (Bo- throps), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Co- luber), i. 376. (Tretano- i. 282; iii. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. nigromarginatus (Co- phias), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Lept- ophis), ii. 112 ; iii. 638. nigromarginatus (Trigo- nocephalus), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Za- ocys), i. 376. nigrostriata (Denisonia), ii. 848 nigrostriatus (Hoplo- cephalus), iii. 343. nigroteniatus (Adenio- phis), iii. 402. nigrotsniatus (Callo- phis), iii. 402. nigroterminata (Aposto- lepis), iti. 235. nigroviridis (Bothri- echis), iii. 568. nigroviridis (Bothrops), lii. 568 nigroviridis iii. 568. nigrum (Bomdon), i. 331. nilgherriensis (Silybura), i. 156, 157, 158. Ninia, i. 291. nitida (Ahztulla), ii. 100, 101. nitida (Silybura), i. 151. nitida (Teleuraspis), iii. 567. nitidus (Lachesis),iii. 567. nitidus (Philothamuus), ii. 100. nivea (Naja), iii. 376. nivea (Vipera), iii. 374. niveus (Coluber), iii. 374. non-naja (Naja), iii. 380. noteus (Eunectes), iii. 594. notata (Bothriechis), iii. 544. notatum (Microsoma), iii. (Lachesis), notatus (Miodon), iii. 252. Notechig, iii. 351. Nothopide, i. 169, 172. Nothopsis, i. 176. Notophis, i. 110. notospilus (Oligodon), ii. 239. notostictus (Psammo- phis), iii. 156. nototznia (Awphiophis), iii. 125. ; nototenia(Amplorhinus), iii. 125, nototenia iii, 125, (Coronella), nototznia (Hemirhager- rhis), iii. 125. nototenia (Psammophy- lax), iii. 125. nototznia (Tachymenis), iii, 125. nove-hispanize (Coluber), ii, 33. nuchalis (Diemenia), iii. 326. nuchalis (Dipsas), iii. 66.. nuchalis (Herpetodryas),. ii. 15. nuchalis (Pseudonaja), iii. 326. nuchalis(Trirhinopholis), i. 419; iii. 612. nuchalis ‘(Tropidonotus), i. 218. nummifer (Atropos), iii- € nummifer (Bothrops), iii. nummifer (Coluber), i 407. nummifer (Lachesis), iii- 544. nummifer (Teleuraspis),. iii. 544. nummifer (Thanatophis), iii. 545, nummifer (‘Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 544. nummifer (Zamenis), i 407 ; iii. 625. nummifera (Bothriechis), iii. 544. nuntius (Dromicus), i nursii (Glauconia), iii. 591. nuthalli (Coluber), ii. 47. _ (Simocephalus), i- 47, ny cenvaue (Elaphis), ii- 64. Nympha, i. 369. nympha (Coluber), ‘i. 370. nympha (Dryocalamus), i. 370. nymph (Hydrophobus), i. 370. seen (Lycodon), i. 370. nympha (Odontomus), i. 370. Nymphophidium, i. 369. oatesii ( ryiophis), iii. 185. oatesii (Typhlops), i. 23. oaxaca (Bascanion), i. 386. oaxaca (Ooryphodon), i 386. oaxace (Zamenis), i. 386. obliquus (Tropidonotus), i, 243. ehanuea (Eutenia), i. obscura (Hydrophis), iii. 281, obscuro-striata (Cala- maria), i. 297. obscuro-striatum (Tra- chischium), i. 298. obscurus (Hydrophis), iii. 4, ne (Pelamis), iii. obscurus (Simotes), ii. 219. obscurus (Trimeresurus), iii. 553. obsoleta (Georgia), ii. 31. obsoletus (Coluber), ii. 31, 50. obsoletus (Elaphis), ii. 50. obsoletus (Scotophis), ii. 50. obsoletus (Spilotes), ii 31. obtrusus (Mesotes), iii. 116. obtusa (Coronella), ii. 171. obtusa (Rhadinza), ii. 71. obtusa (Vipera), iii. 487. obtusirostris (Corallus), i. 101. obtusus (Coluber), iii. 52, obtusus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 38. see " (Larbophis), iii. ae (Telescopus), iii. 52, obtusus a (pilope)s 4 388 ; iii. odontal (Abatutla) i ll occidentalis (Boa), i. 118; iii. 594. occidentalis (Drymobius), ii. 17. occidentalis (Leptophis), ii. 111; iii. 633. occidentalis (Thrasops), ii. 111. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. occipitale (Lamprosoma), ii, 266, occipitale (Rabdion), iii. 319. occipitale (Rhinostoma), li. 266. occipitalis (Ablabes), ii. 206. occipitalis (Calamaria), ii. 842. occipitalis (Chionactis), ii. 266. occipitalis (Contia), ii. 266. ‘ : occipitalis (Diadophis), iit 208. a occipitalis (Elaps),iii.407. occipitalis (Hinicogna- thus), ii. 175. occipitalis (Furina), iii. 407. occipitalis _(Herpeto- dryas), ii. 30. occipitalis (Natrix), iii 108 occipitalis (Ophibolus), ii. 203. occipitalis (Pseudoxyrho- pus), iii. 613. occipitalis (Rhadinea), ii. 175; iii. 635. occipitalis (Vermicella), ii. 407. occipito-album _(Rhab- dosoma), ii. 310. occipito-albus (Atractus), ii. 310. occipitoluteum (Brachy- ruton), iii. 110, occipitoluteus (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 110. occipitomaculata (Store- ria), i. 287; iii. 611. occipitomaculatus (Colu- ber), i. 287. occipitomaculatus va Sr al i. 287 ; 6l1. ocellata (Calechidna), iri. 496. ocellata (Cenchris), i, ocellata (Coluber), i. 397. ocellata (Echidna), iii. 496. ocellata (Eutenia), i. ocellata (Hemidipsas), iii. ocellata (Hydrophis), iii. 280. 697 ocellata (Leptodira), iii. 94, ocellata (Natrix), i, 235. ocellata (Silybura), i. 150. ocellata (Tyria), i. 397. ocellata (Vipera), iii. 482,. 487, 498. ocellatus (Cerastes), ili. 498. ocellatus (Coluber), iii- 620. ocellatus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. ocellatus (Psammophy- lax), iii. 138. ocellatus (romudee), iii. 121, 649 ocellatus (Tropidonotus), i. 236. ocellatus (Xenodon), ii- 150. ochracea (Dipsas), iii. 65. ochracea (Silybura), i ochraceus (Micropistho- don), iii. 614. ochrorhynchus glena), ii. 209. octolineata (Coronella), ii, 224 octolineata (Dendrophis),. ii. 89. octolineatus (Coluber), ii. 224. (Hypsi- octolineatus (Elaps), 224, octolineatus (Simotes), ii. 224; iii. 640. Ocyophis, i ii. 118. Odontomus, i. 369. Ogmius, iii, 228. Ogmodon, iii. 312. okinavensis (Lachesis),. iii. 549, okinavensis (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 549. ou aie (Chlorophis), ii. 3. oldhami (Cyclophis), ii. 93. olfersii (Coluber), iii. 129, olfersii (Dryophylax), iii. 129. olfersii iii, 129. olfersii (Philodryas), lie 29. Pea yas), 12! Oligodon, ii. 233. oes {Calamaria), ii. oT. 698 Oligodonta, i. 169. Oligodontide, i. 177. Oligodonting, iii. 597. Oligolepis, iii. 643. oligozona (Coronella), ii. 203. Olisthenes, iii. 99. olivacea (Ablabes), i. 300. olivacea (Ahztula), ii. 82. olivacea (Boodon), i. 335; iii. 616. olivacea (Coronella), i. 217, 227; iii. 604. olivacea (Demansia), iii. élivaces (Dendrophis), ii. 82. olivacea (Diemenia), iii. 323. olivacea 270, 271. olivacea (Megzra), iii. 559. (Ficimia), ii. olivacea (Mizodon), i. 227. olivaceus (Holuropholis), i. 3835. olivaceus (Homalopsis), hii. 7. olivaceus (Leptophis), i. 383. olivaceus (Liasis),i.'78,79. olivaceus (Lycodon), iii. 323 olivaceus (Megablabes), i. 83 dlivaceus (Mizodon), iii. 604. olivaceus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 50. olivaceus (Onychophis), i. 50. olivaceus (Pseudocyclo- phis), i. 300. olivaceus (Rhabdops), i. 300. olivaceus iii, 336. olivaceus (Tropidonotus), i. 227; iii. 604. olivaceus (Typhlops), i. 50. (Trimesurus), olivaceus(Zamenis),i.383. omiltemana (Geophis), ii. 299 omiltemanum sema), 11. 299. omiltemanus (Crotalus), iii. 581. omiltemanus (Dromicus), ii. 178. (Diro- ALPHABETICAL INDEX. ' Onychocephalus, i. 7. Opetiodon, iii. 59. Ophibolus, ii. 188. Ophielaps, i. 308. Ophiomorphus, ii. 160; iii. 634. Ophiophagus, iii. 373. ophiophagus (Hamadry- as), i11. 386. opbiophagus (Trimeresu- rus), iii, 347, 386. Ophirhina, iii. 620. Ophis, ii. 144. ophiteoides (Lycodon), i. 356 Ophites, i. 348. ophrias (Boa), 118. Ophryacus, iti. 530. Opbryas, iii. 354. ophryomegas (Bothrie- chis), iii. 546. ophryomegas (Bothriop- sis), iii. 546. ophryomegas (Bothrops), iii. 546. Ophtbalmidion, i. 7. Opisthiodon, i. 295. Opisthoglypha, iii. 1. Opisthoglyphes, i. 169. Opisthotropis, i. 283. Opisthoplus, iii. 120. Oplocephalus, iii. 348. Opotérodontes, i. 3, 57. oe (Tropidonotus), i. 236. orbiculata (Boa), i. 87. orbignyi (Apostolepis), ll. . orbignyi (Elapomor- phus), iii. 236. orcuttii (Lichanura), i. 129, ordinata (Boa), i. 87. ordinata (Eutainia), i. 206. ordinatus (Coluber), i. 205, 206, 286. ordinatus (Python), i. 87. ordinatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208; iii. 600. ordinoides (Eutainia), i. 208. oreas (Leptognathus), iii. 453. oregonensis iii. 580. oregonus (Crotalus), ili. 576, 580. orientalis iii. 573. (Crotalus), (Caudisona), orientalis (Coronella), ii.. 167. orientalis (Ophites), i. 3638. orientalis (Tropidono- tus), i. 249. ornata (Aturia), iii. 290. ornata (Boa), i. 124. ornata (Chrysopelea), iii. ornata (Dendrophis), iii. 196, 198. ornata (Denisonia), iii. 341. ornata (Dipsas), iii. 81. ornata (Distira), iii. 290. ornata (Eutainia), i. 207. ornata (Ficimia), ii. 271. ornata (Grayia), iii. 643. ornata (Hydrophis), iii. 290 ornata (Hypsiglena), ii. 211, ornata (Liophis), ii. 138. ornata (Megeera), iii. 556. ornata (Parias), iii. 556. ornata (Pelamis), iii. 267. ornata (Tyria), iii. 196. ornaticeps iii, 324. ornaticeps (Elapocepha- lus), iti. 324. ornaticeps (Elapocra- nium), ili. 324. ornatissimus (Elaps), iii. 420. ornatum (Bascanium), i. 391. ornatum (Xiphosoma), i. 101 ornatus (Ablabes), i. 18.: ornatus (Chlorophis), ii. 93; ili. 631. ornatus (Coluber), ii. 139, 196. ornatus (Comastes), ii. 211. ornatus (Crotalus), iii. 574, ornatus (Dromicus), ii. ornatus (Elaps), iii. 319. ornatus (Enicognathus), i. 185. ornatus (Glyphodon), tii. 319 ornatus (Hoplocephalus), iii. 341. ornatus (Leptophis), ili. 196, 198, ornatus (Liophis), ii. 1 (Diemenia), . . . philippinus (Typhlops), ° i. 141. philippinus (Uropeltis) i. 139. ae co ‘ pictus ‘phillipsii (Coluber), iii. 161. phillipsii (Psammophis), iti. 161. Philodryadina, iti. 26. Philodryas, iii. 34, 127, 187, 149. Philothamnuus, i ii. 91, 98. Phimophis, iii. 99. Phimothyra, i. 379. a (Hydrophis), iii. piso (Silybura), i. 155. ‘phocarum (Coronella), i. 373. 2 promt ei iii. 643. rygia (Boa), i 85. Pee ii. 18. Phyllophilophis, ii, 255. Phyllophis, ii. 25. phyllophis (Coluber), ii. 55. Phyllorhynchus, i i. 414. Phyllosira, ii. 71. Phytolopsis, iii, 2. piceivittis (Coniophanus), iii. 209. ; Piceivittis (Erythrolam- prus), iil. 209. piceivittis (Tachymenis), iii, 2 piceum (Bascanium), i 90. piceus (Spilotes), ii. 80. pickeringii (Coluber), ii. pickeringii (Butainia), i. 208. picta (Ahztulla), ii. 78. picta (Dendrophis), ii. 78, 80, 89, 90; iii. 630. picta (Silybura), i. 156. picteti (Elapotinus), iii. 245. pictiventris (Lepto- gnathus), iii. 459. pees (Natrix), iii. eccaee tus), i. « 602. pictus 540. rondene: 215, 219; iii. (Bothrops), pictus (Coluber), ii. 46, 78, pictus (Dendrophis), ii. 78,88, 358 ; iii. 628,629. {Slaphyrophic), iii. pictus (Lachesis), iii. 540. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. pas (Leptophis), ii. 78, ce ane odynastes), ii. 174. pictus (Psammophis), iii. 174. Piesigaster, i. 94. pileatus (Coluber), iii. 129. Pilidion, i. 7. piscator (Bothrodytes), iii, 604 iscator ; Enhydris), i. ue (Enhydris) piscator (Hydrus), i. 230. piscator (Tropidonotus), i, 230, 232; iii. 604. Piscivora (Scytale), ili. 520. piscivorus (Agkistrodon), iii. 520. piscivorus (Ancistrodon), iii. 520. piscivorus (Cenchris), iii. 520. piscivorus (Crotalus), iii. 520. piscivorus (Toxicophis), iii. 520. piscivorus (Trigono- cephalus), ili. 520. Pituophis, ii. 24, Plagiodon, ii. 25, Plagiodontiens, i. 177. Plagiopholis, i. 301. planiceps (Coluber), iii. 226. planiceps (Homalo- cranium), ili. 226. planiceps (Rhinophis), i. 141. planiceps (Simotes), ii 232. planiceps (Tantilla), iii. 226. Plastoseryx, i. 78. platura (Anguis), iii. 267. platura (Hydrophis), iii. 267. platurinus (Lycodon), i 359. Platurus, iii. 306. Bevo (Hydrus), iii. 267. platurus (Pelamis), iii. 267. platycephalus(Typhlops), i. 80. Platyceps, i. 379. platyceps (Amphiesma), i. 258. 701 platyceps (Tropidonotus), i. 248. Platycerques, iii. 264, Platycranion, iii. 210. Platygaster, i. 121. Platyplectrurus, i. 165. Platypteryx, i. 303. Platyrhiniens, iii. 1. platyrhinus (Heterodon), ii. 154, 156. Plectrurus, i. 160. pleii (Dromicus), ii. 11, 142. pleii (Drymobius), ii. 12. pleuralis (Natrix), i. 243. pleurostictus (Elaphis), ii. 66. pleurostictus (Pituophis), ii. 67. licatile (Calopisma), ii. 186. ; plicatilis (Cerastes), it. 186 plicatilis (Coluber), ii. 186. plicatilis (Dimades), ii. 186 ; iii, 637. plicatilis (Elaps), ii. 186. plicatilis _(Homalopsis), ii. 186, 290. plicatilis (Pseuderyx), iii. 637 Pliocercus, ii. 180. pliolepis (Trimetopon), iii. 636. plumbea (Charina), i. 180; iii. 595. plumbea (Duberria), iii. 109. plumbea iii. 5. plumbea (Hydrophis), iii. 298. (Homalopsis), plumbea iii. 5 Jumbea (Katophis), i . 215. an, (Hypsirhina), plumbea (Wenona), i. 180. plumbeater (Elapops), iii. 262. plumbeatra (Pariaspis), iii. 262. plumbeum (Brachy- ruton), iii, 109, 111. plumbeus (Coluber), iii. 5, 108 plumbeus (Eurostus), iii. 5 plumbeus (Gonionotus), i. 175, 702 pie eal Eerste . 368. ‘labeud (Oxyrhopus), iii. 109. plumbeus (Stegonotus), i. 368 plumbiceps (Coronella), ii. 195. plumbicolor (Macropis- thodon), i.267 ; iii.609. plumbicolor (Tropidono- tus), i. 267; iii. 609. plutonia (Butznia), i. 202. plutonius (Coluber), ii. 23 pecilocephalus (Coluber), ii, 46. pecilogaster (Coluber), i. 242. pecilogyrus (Coluber), ii. 131. pecilogyrus (Liophis), ii. 131. pecilolemus (Coronella), ii, 168. peecilonotus(Phrynonax), ii. 20; iii. 626, peecilonotus (Spilotes), ii. 20, 2 Peecilophis, iii. 408. peecilopogon (Coronella), ii. 173. pecilopogon (Rhadinza), ii. 173. peecilostictus iii. 131. Peecilostolus, iii. 508. poecilostoma (Coluber), ii. (Liophis), peecilostoma (Spilotes), ii. 19. peecilostomus (Lygophis), iii, 133. poensis (Boodon), i. 335. poensis (Simocephalus), i. peeppigii (Geophis), ii. 310. peppigii (Rhabdosoma), i. 316. Pogonaspis, iii. 212. pogonias (‘Tropidonotus), i, 243, poitei (Herpetodryas), ii. 15, Polemon, iii. 2538. polychroa (Dendrophis), n. 78. , poly poe (Argyro- phis), i. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. polygrammicus (Typh- lops), i. 34; iii. 586. polyhemizona (Ablabes), il. 8. polylepis (Aheetulla), ii. 21. polylepis (Atheris), iii. 508. polylepis (Calamelaps), ui. 246. polylepis (Dendraspis), iii. 437. polylepis (Helicops), i. 280. polylepis (Hypsirhina), ii. 9. Polyodontophis, i. 181. Polyodontus, iii. 302. polyodontus( Hydrophis), ui. 274. polysticta (Caudisona), ini. 582. polysticta (Leptodira), ini. 95. poly: rnd (Crotalus), iii. ie (Coronella), ii. 203. polyzona (Lampropeltis), i. 208. polyzonus (Ophibolus), ii 203. ponticus (Coluber),i. 233 ; ii. 192, porcatus (Coluber), i 242. porcatus (Tropidonotus), i, 242. porghyraceus (Ablabes), 4. See (Coluber), 1. 34. ssceplr apenas (Trimere- surus), iii. 553. porphyrea (Naja), iii.329. porphyreus (Coluber), iii. 328. porphyreus (Hurria), iii. 328. porphyreus (Trimere- surus), iii. 329, porphyriaca (Duberria), iil. 328, porpiynsea (Naja), iii. porphyriacus (Coluber), lil. 82 porphyriacus (Pseud- echis), iii. 328, 330. porphyricus (Trimere- surus), li. 328. porrectus (Cclopeltis), iii. 146 porrectus (Typhlops), i. 19 Porthidium, iii. 530. portoricensis (Alsophis), ii. 122. Potamophilide, i. 177; ili. 26. Potamopbhis, i. 173, 290. prefrontalis (Ablahles), i. 297. prefrontalis (Hydra- blabes), i. 297 ; iii. 612. praJongus (Acanthophis), iii. 355. prelongus (Typhlops), i. 28. preocularis (Eutznia), i. 418; iii. 602. preocularis (Tropidono- tus), i. 418; iii. 602. preocularis (‘Typhlops), iii. 590. preoculum (Homalo- cranium), ili. 226. przornata (Chrysopelea), iii. 150. preornata (Dendrophis), iii. 150. przornatus (Dromophis), ili. 150. preornatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 150. prescutata (Disteira), iii. 298 prestans (Leptophis), ii. 111. ee (Thrasops), il 111. prakkti (Calamaria), 337. prasina (Liophis), i 135. prasinus (Coluber), ii. 59. prasinus (Dryinus), iii. 180. prasinus (Dryophis), iii. 180. prasinus (Tragops), iii. 181. preissi (Typhlops), i. 35. prester (Coluber), iii. 476. prester (Pelias), ili. 477. prester (Vipera), ili. 476, 482. prevostiana (Gerardia), : iii. 20 prevostianum (Campy: ~ lodon), iii. 21. prevostianus iii, 20. prevostianus (Homalop- sis), iii. 20. Pee eee (Coluber), problematicus phis), iii. 301. Probletorhinide, i. 177; iii. 26. proboscideus (Bothriop- sis), iii, 547. proboscideus (Rhinaspis), ii, 253. Procinura, iii. 210. producta (Ccelopeltis), iii. 148. (Hydro- producta (Rhagerhis), iii. 143. propinquus (Hydrophis), 300. ii. propinquus (Oligodon), ii. 240. prosopeion (Coronella), i. 371. prosopis (Gerrhosteus), iii. 232. Prosymna, ii. 246. protenus (Dromicus), ii. 141 Proterodon, i. 360. Proteroglypha, i 1,169 ; iii. 264. Protéroglyphes, i i. 169. proterops (Coniophanes), iii. 206. proterops (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 206. protercups (Rhadinzea), iii. 206. protervus (Hydrophis), iii. 289, proxima (Eutainia), i. 213. proxima (Thamnophis), i. 213. proximus (Atheris), iii. 509. proximus (Coluber), i. 212. a ae 13. proximus (Typhlops), iii. 588. pryeri (Tropidonotus), i. 250. Prymnomiodon, i. 192. Psammodynastes, iii. 172, Psammophide, iii. 26. psaumophideus (Philo- dryas), iii. 132, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Psammophiding, iii. 26. psammophidius (Pseud- elaps), iii, 822. Psammophis, i. 189, 317, 379; ii. 188; ii, 122, 141, 149, 151, 152, 172, 177. psammophis (Demansia), iii. 322. psammophis (Diemenia), iii, 822 psammophis (Elaps), iii. 322. psammophis ae dryas), i. 390 psammophis (Pseu d- elaps), iii. 322. Psammophylax, iii. 117, 124, 138, 175. peephota (Geophis), ii. ai (Catostoma), 1. 299. pssphotum (Dirosema), ii, 299; iii. 645. psephotus (Elapoidis), ii. 299. Pseudablabes, iii. 126. Pseudaspidina, iii. 597. Pseudaspis, i. 373; iii. 620. Pseudechis, iii. 327. Pseudelaps, iii. 315, 320, 361, 405. Pseudoboa, iii. 99, 365, 504. pseudoboiga (Hurria), iii. 75. Pseudocerastes, iii. 501. Pseudocyclophis, i. 300; ii. 255. Pseudodipsas, ii. 208. pseudodipsas (Dendro- phis), iii. 187. Pseudoeryx, i. 130, 272; ii. 185, 289. pseudo-eryx (Bolyeria), i. 122. pseudo-eryx (Tortrix), i i ge Pseudoferania, iii. 2. Pseudoficimia, ii. 255. pseudogetulus (Coro- nella), ii. 197. Pseudohaje, iii. 373. Pseudolycodon, i. 364. Pseudonaja, iii. 320. Pseudopareas, iii. 462, Pseudoplectrurus, i. 160. Pseudorhabdium, ii. 328, Pseudo-Typhlops, i. 139, 140, 144. ‘ 703: Pseudoxenodon, i. 270. Pseudoxyrhopus, i. 314. Psilosoma, ii. 255. psyches (Elaps), iii. 426. syches (Vipera), iii, 426. Diyas. i i. 379. ee (Bothrops), iii. 43 pubescens aaa a lus), iii. publia (Bictms), ii. 271. pugnax (Ancistrodon), iii. 521. Pugnax (Toxicophis), iii. sauatin (Coronella), ii. 165. pulchella (Daboia), iii. 490. SD ae (Diadophis), ii. pulcher (Alsophis), ii. 11. pulcher (Chondro- python), i. 90. pur (Conophis), iii. 123 pulcher (Heterodon), ii. 153. pulcher (Lachesis), iii. 539. pulcher (Liophis), 165. pulcher iii. 169. pulcher (Tomodon), iii 128. (Psammophis), pulcher (Trigonoceplia~ lus), iii. 539, pulcherrimus (Drymo- bius), i. 392. pulcherrimus phis), i. 392. pulcherrimus (Zamenis), 1. 392; iit. 622. pulchra (Pseudoficimia), ii, 270. pulchriceps phis), ii. 11. pulchrilatus (Eutzenia), i. 209 ; iii. 601. pullata (Tria), i ii, 23. pullatus (Coluber), ii. 23, 33. (Mastico- (Mastico- pullatus (Spilotes), ii 23. pulneyensis (Plectrurus),. i, 147. ulneyensis (Rhinophis), ® i, 147. pe pulneyensis (Silybura), i. 147. 704 pulveriventris nea), iii. 635. pulverulenta (Dipsas), iii. 68. pulverulenta (Psammo- phis), iii. 172. pulverulentus (Crotalus), iii. 576. pulverulentus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 68, 649. pulverulentus (Dryinus), iii, 184. pulverulentus(Dryophis), iii, 184. pulverulentus (Psammo- dynastes), iii. 172, 174. punctata (Calamaria), ii. 206 (Rhadi- punctata (Coronella), ii. 206 ; iii. 638, punctata (Crotapho- peltis), iii. 91. punctata (Denisonia), iii. 341. punetata (Hypsirhina), iii. 12, punctata (Leptodira), iii. 91. punctata (Morelia), i. 82. punctata (Onychophis), i. 42. punctata (Phytolopsis), iii. 12. punctata (Psammophis), iii. 157. punctata (Pythonopsis), iii. 12. punctata (Silybura), i. 154. punctatissima (Dipsas), ii. 117. punctatissima (Natrix), iii. 117. punctatissimus (Sibon), iii. 117. punctatissimus (Thamno- dynastes), iii. 116, 117. punetatolineata (Cyclo- phis), ii. 261. punctatolineatus (Apa- rallactus), iii. 261. punctatostriatus (Enico- gnathus), i. 227. punctatovittatum (Rhab- dosoma), ii. 312. punctatum (Melanophi- dium), i. 164. punctatus (Ablabes), ii. 206 punetatus (Acontias), i. 42, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. punctatus (Coluber), 11. 206. punctatus (Diadophis), ii. 206, 207, 208 ; iii. 638. punctatus (Elaps), iii. 409. punctatus (Leptophis), ii. 99 punctatus (Philotham- nus), ii. 99. punctatus (Psammophis), iii. 197. punctatus (Pseudoxy- rhopus), i. 317. punctatus (Python), i. 82. punctatus (Rhinophis), i. 141. punctatus (Typhlops), i. 42; iii. 587. punctatus (Xenodon), i. 317. punctigularis (Conio- phanes), iii. 207. punctiventris (Tropido- notus), iii. 602. punctulata (Dendrophis), ii, 82. punctulatus (Coronella), ii. 220. punctulatus (Dendro- phis), ii. 80, 82, 85; iii. 628, 629. ~ punctulatus (Leptophis), ii, 82. el punctulatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. punctulatus (Simotes), ii. 220 punctulatus (Tropido- notus), i, 228, punicea (Cophias), iii. 560. puniceus (Atropophis), iii. 560. puniceus (Atropos), iii. 560. puniceus (Lachesis), iii. 560. puniceus (Trigonoce- phalus), ui. 553, 560. puniceus (Trimeresurus), iii. 560. purpurans (Ablabes), ii. 167. purpurans (Diadophis), ii. 167. purpurans (Liophis), ii. 168. purpurans ii. 167. purpurascens (Dicraulax), i. 640. (Rhadinza), purpurascens (Passerita), iii. 184. purpurascens (Simotes), ii, 218, 220, 225, 226 ; iii. 640. : purpurascens (Xenodon), ii. 218, 220. purpureocauda (Ablabes), it, 267. purpureomaculatus (La- chesis), iii. 553. purpureomaculatus (Tri- gonocephalus), iii. 553. purpureomaculatus (Tri- meresurus), iii. 553. purpureus (Trimesurus), iii. 553. pustulatus (Thrasops), ii. 105. putnami (Dromicus), ili. 120. : putnami (Manolepis), iii. 120. putnami (Ocyophis), iii. 120, putnami (Philodryas), iii, 120, putnamii (Liophis),ii.139. pygeea (Contia), 1. 228; iii. 604. pygeus (Seminatrix), iii. 604. pygeus (Tropidonotus), 1. 228 ; iii 604 pygmeeus (Liophis), ii. 129. pyramidum (Scythale), iii. 505. ‘ romelanus(Ophibolus), ae 202. me pyrrha (Caudisona), iii. 580. pyrrhocryptus (Elaps), iii. 429. pyrrbomelas (Ophibolus), ii. 202. pyrrhopogon (Coluber), ii. 73. pyrrhus (Crotalus), iii. 580. Python, i. 80. Pythones, i. 74. Pythonia, iii. 13. Pythonida, i. 71. Pythonides, i. 74. Pythoniens, i. 71. Pythonina, i. 74. Pythonine, i. 74. pythonissa (Coluber), iii. 6 Pyth onodipsas, iii. 45. Pythonoidea, i. 71. Pythonopsis, iii. 2. quadrangularis (Ficimia), _ MW. 272 quadrangularis(Geophis), ii, 320. quadricarinatus (Erpeto- dryas), ii. 72. se ie (Coluber), i. 61. quadrilineata (Coronella), ii. quadrilineata (Hirenis), ii. 260. quadrilineata (Liophis), ii. 180. quadrilineata (Psammo- phis), iii. 165. quadrilineatum (Bozdon), i, 332. ‘qnadrilineatus (Ablabes), ii. 41, quadrilineatus (Callo- peltis), ii. 41. quadrilineatus (Coluber), ii. 41, 45. quadrilineatus (Dromico- dryas), i. 190. a ela (Elaphis), i, 46. diedeliveatus (Herpeto- dryas), i. 190. quadrilineatus (Simotes), ii. 227, quadrimaculata (Cala- maria), ii. 348, 349. quadriscutatus (Bothri- opsis), iii. 544. quadriscutatus (Both- nope. Lee ) quadriserialis (Regina), i. 237. * quadriserialis (Tropido- notus), i. 237 ; ii. 605. quadristriatus (Coluber), ii. 45. quadrivirgatum (Adel- phicos), ii. 312. quadrivirgatum (Bor- don), i. 331. quadrivirgatum (Compso- soma), ii. 59. quadrivirgatus(Atractus), ii. 312. eerie eg (Coluber), ii. 59; iii. 628. ceria ad (Elaphis), 5 quadrivirgatus (Elaps), iii. 400. VOL, ILI. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. quadrivittatum(Bozdon), i, 332, quadrivittatus (Coluber), ii. 50. quadrivittatus (Elaphis), ii. 50. quaterradiatus (Coluber), ii. 45. quaterradiatus (Elaphis), ii. 46. quatuorlineatus ber), ii. 45, 53. quincunciatus(Comastes), ii. 210. quincunciatus (Tropido- notus), i. 280, 231, 232, 257. and (Tropidonotus), i. 61. (Colu- quinquelineata (Aposto- lepis), iii. 236. quinquelineata (Coro- nella), ii. 178. quinquelineata (Rhadi- nea), ii. 178. quinquelineata (Steno- rhina), iii. 229. quinquelineatus (Herpe- todryas), ii. 11. quinquelineatus(Liophis), i. 315, quinquelineatus (Mier- ophis), iii. 229. quinquelineatus aaa oxyrhopus), i. 815; iii 613. quinquestriatus(Ablabes), ii. 284. quinquevittatum (Calo- pisma), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Homa- lopsis), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Hydro- calamus), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Hy- drops), iii. 210. Rabdion, ii. 828. rabdocephalus (Coluber), ii. 146, 150. Rabdosoma, ii. 300, 314. Rachiodon, ii. 353. Rachiodontida, ii. 353. Raclitia, iii. 2. raddii (Vipera), iii. 487. radiatum (Oompsosoma), ii. 61. radiatus (Coluber), ii. 61. radiatus (Elaphis), ii. 62. radiatus (Spilotes), ii. 62. 705 radix (Hutainia), i, 211 iii. 602. radix (Tropidonotus), i. 211; iii. 602 raffrayi( (Atractocephalus), i. 806 1 . raffreyi (Scaphiophis), ii. 254, rakosiensis (Vipera), iii. 473. ramsayi (Aspidiotes),i.92. ramsayi (Aspidites), 1. 92; iii. 592. ramsayi (Denisonia), iii. 338. ramsayi (Furina), iii. 824. ramsayi pg eaelenale; iii. 338 raninus (Coluber), ii, 134, rappi (Hydrophis), iii. 292. rappii (Ablabes), ii. 282. rappii (Drymobius), ii. 11. se (Herpetodryas), ii. rava i Osidiscan, iii. a ravergieri (Coluber), 405. ravergieri (Zamenis), i. 405, 407 ; iii. 625. ravus (Crotalophorus), iii. 571. ravus (Crotalus), iii. 571. ravus (Sistrurus), iii. 571. rebentischii (Calamaria), ii. 343. rectangulus (Coluber), i. 230. redi (Coluber), iii, 481. redi (Vipera), iii. "482, redimita (Colorhogia), ii. 252. redimita (Geophis),ii.326. sais (Arrhyton), ii. redimitus (Cryptodacus), ii, 252. : redimitus (Geagyras), ii. 326. regalis (Coronella), ii. 208 ; 111. 639. regalis. (Diadophis), ii. 208. regalis (Dipsas), iii. 78. regalis (Liophis), ii. 208. regia (Boa), i. 88. regia (Oenchris), i. 88. regia (Hortulia), i. 89. Regina, i. 193; iii. 599. regine (Coluber), ii. 187, 22 706 regins (Coronella), ii. 138 regine rae ii. 130, 132, 137, 142, 175. reginse (Typhlops), i. 35. — (Python), i. 88 ; iii. 2. regularis (Coronella), ii. 196 ; iii. 637. regularis (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 71. regularis (Meizodon), ii. 196 reinbardti (Calabaria), i. 92; iii. 592. reinhardti (Philodryas), iii. 129, reinbardti (Rhoptrura), i. 92. reinhardtii (Eryx), i. 92. reinwardti (Calopisma), ii, 291. reinwardtii (Homalo- psis), ii. 291. reinwardtii (Hydrops), ii. 291. reissii (Drymobius), ii. 11. i (Herpetodryas), ii. 1 Rena, i. 59. renardi (Pelias), iii. 475. renardi (Vipera), ii. 475. resimus (Causus), iii. 468. resimus (Heterophis), iii. 4 resplendens (Cylindr- ophis), i. 135. reticulare (Compsosoma), ii. 35. reticularis (Coluber), ii. reticularis (Spilotes), ii. 35. reticulata (Anguis), i. 27. reticulata (Blythia), i. 314. reticulata (Boa), i. 85. reticulata (Calamaria), i. 314; ii. 345. reticulata (Demansia), iii. 322. reticulata (Dendroechis), iii. 435. reticulata.(Diemenia), iii, 822. reticulata(Herpetodryas), ii. 11. reticulata (Tantilla), iii, 224. reticulatum (Homalocra- . nium), iii, 224, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. reticulatus (Argyrophis), i. 28. reticulatus (Atractus), ii. 311 reticulatus (Coluber), i. 234; ii. 260 reticulatus (Elaphis), ii. 67. reticulatus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 241. reticulatus (Geophis), ii. 311. reticulatus (Lycodon), iii, 322. reticulatus (Phalotris), iii. 242. reticulatus (Pituophis), ii. 68. reticulatus (Python), i. 85 ; iii, 592. reticulatus (Stegonotus), iii, 619. reticulatus (Typhlops), i. 27 ; iii. 585. reuteri (Typhlops), i. 16. revoili (Brachyophis), iii. 254. rex-serpentum (Constric- tor), i. 117. rhabdocephalus (Xeno- don), ii. 146, 148, 150. Rhabdodon, iii. 141, Rhabdophidium, ii. 328. Rhakdops, i. 300. Rhabdosoma, i. 302, 803. Rhachiodonting, ii, 353. Rhadineea,ii.160; iii. 635. Rhagerhis, iii. 141. Rhamnophis, iii. 632. Rhamphiophis, iii. 144. Rhamphostoma, i. 59, Rhegnops, ii. 300. Rhinaspis, ii. 253; iii, 471. Rhinechis, ii. 24. Rhinelaps, iii. 361. Rhinhoplocephalus, iii. 352. Rhinobothryum, iii. 82. Rhinocalamus, iii. 247. Rhinocerophis, iii. 530. Rhinochilus, ii. 212. rhinoceros (Clotho), iii. 499 rhinoceros (Echidna), iii. 499. rhinoceros (Vipera), iii. 499. rhinomegas (Coluber), ii. 40 Rhinophide,, i. 137, . rhodogaster Rhinophis, i. 140. Rhinopirus, iii. 25. rhinopoma (Dipsas), iii. 50 rhinopoma (Tarbophis), iii. 50. Rhinosimus, iii. 99. Rhinostoma, ii. 246, 253 ; iii. 114. rhinostoma (Furina), iii, rhinostoma (Heterodon); ii, 253. rhinostoma (Simophis), ii, 253. rhinostomus —_(Pseudo- elaps), iii. 363. Rhinotyphlops, i. 4. rhodogaster’ (Ablabes), i. 183. rhodogaster (Alecto), iii. 1386: rhodogaster (Colo 8): ii, 317. oe rhodogaster (Enicogna- thus), i. 182, 183. rhodogaster (Geophis), ii. 317. (Herpeto- dryas), i. 182, rhodogaster (Polyodont- ophis), i. 182. rhodomelas(Amphiesma), i. 266. rhodomelas _(Macropis- thodon), i. 266 ; iii. 609. rhodomelas (Tropidono- tus), i. 266. rhodomelas (Xenodon), i. 267. rhodopleuron _(Chryso- pelea), iii. 195. rhodopleuron (Dendro- phis), iii. 195. rhodorhachis (Zamenis), i, 898 ; iii. 623. rhodostoma (Ancistro- don), iii. 527. rhodostoma (Calloselas- ma), iii, 527. rhodostoma (Leiolepis), iii. 527. rhodostoma (Tisiphone), ili. 527. rhodostoma (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 527. rhombeata (Boa), i. 85. rhombeata (Ccelopeltis), iii. 138. rhombeata Coronella),- i138, ‘ aa (Dipsas), iii. aa eats (Lachesis), iii. 534. , rhombeata (Naja), iii. 467. ; ra aerog (Aspidelaps), ii. 467. : shombestie (Causus), iii. Pee (Coluber), iii. 138. rhombeatus thus), iii. 58. rhombeatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 58. (Lycogna- rhombeatus (Psammo- - phylax), iii, 125, 138. rhombeatus (Sepedon), - tii. 467. ; rhombeatus (Trimerorhi- nus), iii. 138. rhombifer (Coryphodan), ii. 14. ii. 14. rhombifer (Crotalus), iii. 574, 578 rhombifer (Drymobius), ii, 14, 357; iti, 626. shombifor (Nerodia), i. 24, rhombifer (Oxyrhopus), iii. 103. Phpeabitor (Spilotes), ii. shoe bitte (Tropidono- tus), i. 242 ; iii. 606. rhomabifer (Zamenis), ii. rhombifr (Leptodira), i. 93. shana ees (Natrix), i. 243. rhombiferum (Sibon), iil. 93. rhombomaculata (Coro- nella), ii. 198. thombomaculata, (Lam- propeltis), ii. 199. rhombomaculatus (Ophi- bolus), ii. 198, Rhoptrura, i i. 92. Rhynchelaps, iii. 361. Rhynchocalamus, ii. 233. Bhyaihedepe, iii. 361. Rhynchonyx, iii. 232. eel diets (Cerberus), iii. 16. rhynehops (Homalopeit), Hi, 16. thynchops (Hyarus), iii. 16. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. hynchops (Python), iii, decal (Coluber), ii. 194. riccioli (Coronella), ii. 194, riccioli (Zamenis), ii. 194. richardi (Ahetula), ii. 113. richardil (Coluber), ii. 113. richardii (Typhlops), i, 31. richardsonii (Myron), iii. 20. ridgewayi §(Lytorhyn- chus), i. 415. rigida (Natrix), i. 240. rigida (Regina), i. 240; iii. 606. rigidus (Coluber), i. 240, rigidus (Tropidonotus), i. 240 ; iii. 606. riisii (Elaps), iii. 420. rijersmai (Alsophis), ii. 124. riparius (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. riparius (Typhlops), i. 46. ritchiei (Cerastes), iii. 503. riukianus (Trimeresurus), iii, 550. robusta (Aepidea), iii. 627. robusta (Distira), iii. robusta ‘(Hydrophis), iii. 292. robusta (Mainophis), i. 305. rodriguezii (Elaphis), ii. 39 roelandti (Calamaria), ii. 4.4. rogersi (Zamenis), iii. rohdii (Rhinaspis), ii. 254. rohdii (Simophis), ii. 254, romanus (Coluber), ii. 52. rosaceus (Coluber), ii. 49. rosenbergii (Coronella), i. 366. roseofusea (Lichanura), i. 29, rostrale (Rhabdosoma), ii. 323. rostralis (Anguis), i. 27. rostralis (Elapoides), ii, 323, 707 rostralis (Geophis), ii, 323. ae rostrata (Atractaspis), iii. 514, rostrata (Glauconia), i. 62; iii. 590. rostratum (Stenostoma), i. 62; ili. 590. rostratus (Anguis), i. 27. rostratus (Causus), iii. 469. rostratus (Heterophis), iii. 469. rostratus (Rhamphio-. phis), iii. 146, rothi (Ablabes), ii. 262. rothi (Contia), ii. 262. rothi (EHirenis), ii. 262. ruatanus (Elaps), iii. 423, eae (Stenostoma), i. 5 rubens (Coluber), ii. 194. ruber (Crotalus), iii. 576. rubescens (Chrysopelea), iii. 194, 195, 196. rubescens (Diadophis), ii. 120. rubescens (Dipsas), iii. 194, rubescens (Dryophiops), iii, 194. rubescens (Dryophis), iii. 194, (Leptophis), (Rabdoso- rubescens iii, 194, rubinianum ma), ii. 308. rubra (Tantilla), iii. 219. oe (Sibon), iii. rubriceps (Elaphis), ii. 40. rubriventer (Cyclophis), i. 300. rubriventer (Trachi- schium), i. 800. rubriventris (Coluber), ii. 42, rubrolineata (Silybura), i. 155. rubromaculata (Silybura), i. 157. rubropunctata (Dipsina), iii. 146. rubropunctatus = (Rha- gerrhis), iii. 146. rubropunctatus (Rbham- phiophis), iii. 146. rubrum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 219. rufa (Anguis), i. 135, 222 708 rufa (Cylindrophis), i 135. : a rufa (Ilysia), i. 135. rufa (Tortrix), i. 135. rufescens (Achalinus), i. 308, 309 ; iii. 612. rufescens (Coluber), iii. ' 89 rufescens (Coronella), iii. 90. rufescens (Crotaphopel- tis), iii. 90. rufescens (Heterurus), iii. 90. ruficauda (Anilios), i. 29. ruficauda (Typhlops), i. 29. ruficeps _(Homalocra- nium), iii. 223. ruficeps (Pogonaspis), iii. 223, ruficeps (Tropidonotus), 1. 253. rufiventris (Alsophis), ii. 124. rufiventris (Dromicus), ii. rufodorsatus (Ablabes), ii. eee (Coluber), ii. 43. rufodorsatus (Dromicus), iii. 133. rufodorsatus notus), it. 43. Piufopuinetate (Hutzenia), 1.2 rafopunctatum poma), i. 214. rufopunctatus (Tropido- notus), i. 214. rufotorquatum esma), i. 266. rufozonatus (Dinodon), i. 361. rufozonatus (Lycodon), i. 1 (Tropido- (Chilo- (Amphi- rufula (Coronella), i. 318. rufulus (Ablabes), i. 318. rufulus (Ablabophis), i. 318, rufulus (Lamprophis), i. 318. rufulus (Tragops), iii. 185. rufus (Coluber), iii. 380. aga (Oylindrophis), i. wee (Eryx), i. 135. rufus (Liophis), ii. 129, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. rugosa (Opisthotropis), i. 284. rugosum (Trachischium), i. rugosus f Lepidognathus), 1, 284. rugosus (Nothopsis), i. ruhstrati (Ophites), i. 363. rupestris (Coluber), iii 141. riippelli (Typhlops), i 35; iii. 586. ruschenbergeri (Xiphoso- ma), i. 99; i. 593. russelii (Coronella), ii 229. russelius (Coluber), ii. russellianus (Dryinus), iii. 183. russellii (Coluber), iii. russellii (Daboia), ili. 490. russellii (Disteira), iii. 302. russellii (Echidna), iii. 490. russellii (Simotes), ii. 229. russellii (Tortrix), i. 16. russellii (Typhlops), i. 16, 56. russellii (Vipera), ili. 490. rusticus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 111 rutiloris (Hutenia), i. 213. rutilus (Lygophis), ii. 165. sabinii (Bothrops), iii. 535. Sabrina, i. 59. sackenii (Hutainia), i. 213. saffragamus (Uropeltis), i. 139. sagittaria (Calamaria), i. 186, 187. sagittarius (Ablabes), i. 187 sagittarius (Polyodonto- phis), i. 187; iii. 598. sagittatus (Coluber), iii. 63. sagittifer (Chlorosoma), ii, 165 sagittifer (Liopeltis), ii. 165. sagittifera (Rhadinzea), ii. 165. sallsei (Geophis), ii. 318. salomonis (Dendrophis), ii. 80. Salvadora, i. 379. salvini (Crotalus), i iii. 575. salvinii (Spilotes), ii. 33. samarensis (Naia), iii. 385. samarensis (Spilotes), i 367. sanctz-crucis(Dromicus), ii. 122; iii. 634. sancticrucis (Alsophis), ii. 2 sancti-johannis dryas), iii. 45. sancti-johaunis (Tropido- notus), i. 230; iii. 604. eandakanensia(Bothrops), iii. 561 sanguineus (Platyplec- eaves), i. 166. ie sanguineus (Plectrurus), i. 166. sanguineus (Rhinophis), i. 143. sanguineus (Teretrurus), i. 166 sanguiventer (Hurriah), i. 360. sanniola (Leptognathus), iii. 459. sanniolus (Mesopeltis), iii. 59 (Lyco- sansibaricus (Philotham- nus), ii. 99 Sanzinia, i. 99. sarasinorum (Agrophis), ii. 360 saravacensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 260, 261 ; iii.609. sardus (Coluber), i. 395. sargii (Adelphicus), ii 3 sargii (Abeetulla), i it, 111. sargii (Leptophis), ii. 111. sargii (Pliocercus), ii. 183. sargii (Rhegnops), ii. 313. sargii (Thrasops), ii. 111. sartorii (Leptognathus), ii. 296. sartorii_(Tropidodipsas), ii. 296; iii. 645. saturatus(Hapsidophrys), 0. ii, 11 saturatus (Leptophis), ii. 110. saturninus (Coluber), ii. saurita (Coluber), i. 212. saurita (Hutainia), i. 213. saurita (Thamnophis), iii. 602. saurita (Tropidonotus), i. 212; iii. 602. sauritus (Leptophis), i. 213 saurocephalus (Coluber), ii. 149. sauromates (Coluber), ii. sauromates (Elaphis), ii. 46, 55. sauromates (Tropidono- tus), ii. 46. savignyi (Tarbophis), iii. 48. ae lus), i . 345. sayi Cachben), i ii. 68, sayi (Coronella), ii. 197. et A ie tie ea ii. 197 Dal a sayi (Ophibolus), i ii. 197. sayi (Pituophis), ii. cae scaber (Dasypeltis), i 354, seaber (Deirodon), ii.354. scaber (Coluber), ii. 354. scaber (Rachiodon), ii 354, ar (Tropidonotus), ii. scabra (Dasypeltis), ii. 354; ili. 648. scabricauda (Plectrurus), i. 166. scalaris (Coluber), ii. 65. scalaris (Hlapomorphus), iii, 232. scalaris (Hutainia), i. 203, 204; iii, 601. scalaris (Helicops), i. 279. arty 4 yperbynchae), sali * (hinechis), ii. 5. scalaris (Thamnophis), i. 204. sealaris (Tropidonotus), i. 204; iii. 601. scalaris (Xenopholis), i iii. 232, scaliger (Tropidonotus), i, 208; iii, 601. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Scaphiophis, ii. 254. schadenbergi (Geophis), i, 302. schadenbergi (Trimere- surus), iil, 556. schadenbergii (Oligodon), ili. 640. scheuchzeri (Scytale), 135. schinzi (Onychocephalus), i, 47. (Typhlops), i. schirazana (Periops), 411. clita 47. schistaceum (Amphies- ma), i. 191. schistorhynchus (Platu- rus), iil. 309. schistosa (Enhydrina), iii. 302 schistosa (Hydrophis), iii. 302. scbistosa (Tantilla), iii. 221. schistosum (Atretium), i. 4, schistosum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 221. schistosus (Coluber), 274, schistosus (Helicops), i. 274. schistosus iii. 274, schistosus (Hydrus), iii. 302. (Hydrophis), schistosus (Pelamis), iii. 274. schistosus (Pseudoeryx), i, 274. schistosus (Tropidono- tus), i. 275. schistosus (Tropidophis), i. 274. schizopholis iii, 288. schizopholis(Hydrophis), iii. 288. schlegeli (Leionotus), ii. 286 (Astrotia), achlegelii (Ablabes), ii 283. schlegelii iii. 567. schlegelii (Bothrops), iii. schlegelii (Calamaria), ii, 333, 345. schlegelii (Diemenia), iii. 316. (Bothriechis), 709 schlegelii (Hydrophis), iii. 290. schlegelii (Lachesis), i 567. schlegelii (Nardoa), i 76. schlegelii (Onychocepha- lus), i. 44, 45 schlegelii (Rhinostoma) ii. 253. schlegelii iii, 567. schlegelii (Thalassophis), iii. 290. schlegelii (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 567. schlegelii_ _ (Tropidole-. mus), iii. 563. schlegelii (Typhlops), i. 44, iii. 588. schmackeri (Coluber), iti. 627. schmidti (Streptophorus), i, 293. (Teleuraspis), schinidtii (Alecto), iii. schneideri (Homalopsis), iii. 16. achneideri (Python), i. 85. echneideri (Typhlops), i. 27. schneideri (Vipera), iii. 498. eee (Hurria), ii. 16. scoae: (Coluber), iii 157. schokari (Dipsas), ii. 78, 88. schokari (Psammophis), iii. 157. schotti (Masticophis), i. 391. schotti (Philodryas), iii. 130. schottii (Bascanium), i 391. schottii (Dryophylax), iii. 130. schottii (Pseudophis), iii. 131. schottii (Xenodon), iii. schranckii 184, schrenckii (Coluber), ii 48, (Blaps), ii. echrenckii (Elaphis), ii. 48. schyta (Vipera), iii. 476. 710 sclateri_ (Leptocalamus), ii. 251 ; iii. 641. Scolécophides, i. 3, 57. Scolecophidia, i. 3. Scolecophis, iii. 210. scolopax (Lycognathus), iii. 57. scolopax (Oxyrhopus), iii. 57 scolopax (Siphlophis), iii, scopinucha (Naja), iii. 380. scopolianus (Ooluber), i. 219 scopolii (Coluber), ti. 52. Scotophis, ii. 25. scriptus (Ablabes), ii. 284. scurrula (Herpetodryas), ii. 75. seurrula (Natrix), ii. 75. scutata (Eryx), i. 125. scutata (Hamadryas), iii. 351. scutata (Laticauda), iii. 307, 308, seutata (Naja), iii. 351. ora (Aspidelaps), iii. 1 scutatus (Coluber), i. 219. scutatus (Oyrtophis), iii. scutatus (Notechis), iii 351. seutatus (Platurus), iii 308 scutatus (Tropidonotus), i. 234. scutellatus (Pseudechis), iii. 331. seutifrons (Glauconia), i. 68; iii. 591. scutifrons _(Stenostoma), i, 68; iii. 591. scutigera (Bothriechis), * iii, 546. scutigera (Bothriopsis), iti. 546. scutiventris (Elaps), ii, 433. scutulata (Caudisona), iii. 575. an (Crotalus), iii. 5. Bore iii. 99, 504, 519, acytale (Anguis), i. 133, 135. scytale (Aspidura), i. 311, 315. seytale (Boa), i. 115. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. scytale (Calamaria), i. 311 scytale (Llysia), i. 133; iii, 595. payee (Torquatrix), i. scytale (Tortrix), i. 133. Scytalidae, iii. 26. Scytaliens, iii. 26. Scytalinz, iii. 26. scytalinus (Scolecophis), iii, 109. scytha (Coluber), iii. 476, sebse (Coluber), i. 86. sebse (Hortulia), i. 86. sebee (Ninia), i. 293. ee (Oxyrhopus), i 101 sebze (Python), i i. 86; iii. 592. ae a ase i. coe (Herpetodryas), ii. 75. sechellensis (Lycognatho- phis), i. 317; iii. 614. sellatus (Coluber), ii. 40. ella (Coluber), ii. 5 semiannulata (Contia), ii. 268. semiannulata dea), iii. 359. semiannulata(Leptodira), iii. 51. semiannulata (Sonora), ii, 268. (Elapsoi- semiannulatus (Crotapho- peltis), iii. 51. semiannulatus (Tarbo- phis), iii. 51. semiannulatus (Telesco- pus), iii. 51. | semiannulus dium), i. 839. semiaureus (Ophiomor- phus), ii. 169. semicarinatus (Ablabes), ii, 278. ‘ semicarinatus (Dinodon), i. 362. : semicarinatus don), i. 362. semicarinatus (Eurypho- lis), ii. 278. semicincta (Tantilla), iii. 219. (Lycophi- (Eumeso- semicincta (Ungalia), i. 118, a de semicinctum (Homalo- cranium), iii.'219,"' semicinctum (Lycophi- dium), i, 841; iii: 617. semicinctus (Heterodon), ii. 153. semicinctus (Leptogna- thus), iii. 645. semicinctus (Lystrophis), ii. 153. semicinctus (Tropidono- tus), i, 215. semidoliatum (Cato- ' stoma), ii, 316.00 0" semidoliatum (Rabdo- soma), ii. 316. semidoliatus (Elapoides), ‘ii. 316. semidoliatus (Geophis), ii. 316; iii. 645. semifasciata (Brachyuro- phis), iii. 363. semifasciata’ _ (Compso- soma), i. 400. semifasciata (Butainia), 4, 207. semifasciatum (Aspido- clonion), iii. 368. acces (Bungarua), i, 368. Pe ane (Coluber), i. 00. : semifasciatus (Himan- ~ todes), ‘iii. 86. semifasciatus — (Hydro- phobus), i. 370. semifasciatus (Lycodon), iii. 101. semifasciatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii, 101. : semifasciatus(Platyceps),. i. 399. Ag semifasciatus (Rhynch- elaps), 363. ary semifasciatus (Simotes), ii. 222, ° wit semilineata (Natrix), ii. 138. ; semilineatum nium), i) 391. semilineatus (Zamenis), iii, 622. semimaculata (Ablabes), ii, 261. oe a Seminatrix, iii. 599. ee A acme | ii. 195, 3 semi ine Ha 8), iii. ci ff Ps) (Basca- semivariegata( Ahmetulla), ii. 99. semivariegata (Dendro- phis), i ii. 99, semivariegatus — (Philo- thamnus), i ii.99; 111.631. semizonata (Homalopsis), iii. 14, semizonata, iii. 14, semperi(Distira), iii. 292. a (Hydrophis), iii. 292. (Pythonia), -sennaariensis (Eryx), i. 125. -seoanei (Vipera), iii. 477. Sepedon, iii. 388. septemstriata(Glauconia), i. 71, septemstriatum stoma), i. 71. septemstriatus(Catodon), i. 71. (Steno- report (Siagono- don), i. Be mae (Typh- ops), i. 71. septemvittata (Natrix), iii. 605. septemvittatum (Calopis- ma), i. 275. ig aa (Coluber), 239. septemvittatus(Helicops), i. 275 ; iii. 610. septemvittatus (Limno- phis), i. 275; iii. 610. septemvittatus (Tropido- “notus), i. 239, 419; iii. 605. septentrionale (Sibon), iii. 93, 94. Septentrionalis (Bo- throps), iii. 535. septentrionalis (Cala- _ maria), i. 349. septentrionalis(Dinodon), i. 863; iii, 619. septentrionalis (Dipsas), iii. 93. septentrionalis (Eteiro- dipsas), iii. 93. septentrionalis dira), iii. 93. septentrionalis(Lycodon), ‘. 863. (Lepto- septentrionalis (Ophites), i. 363. seriatus (Ooluber), ii. 290. serpentinus (Coluber), ii, 166. prperasira (Ablabes), ii. 172. erperastra (Rhadinwa), Oe 172; iii. 685. gexcarinatus ALPHABETICAL INDEX, serra (Dryophylax), iii. 134. serra (Herpetodryas), iii, 134, serra (Philodryas), iii. 134. serra (Tropidodryas), iii. 134. severa (Vipera), ili. 494. severus (Cerastes), ii. 149. severus (Coluber), ii. 149. severus (Xenodon), ii. 146, 148, 149, 150. sexcarinata, (Natrix), ii. (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 72. ‘sexfasciata (Tantilla), iii, 223. sexfasciatum (Homalo- cranium), iii, 223, sexlineata (Coronella), ii. 43, ‘sexlineatus (Ablabes), ii. 43. sexlineatus (Dromicus), i. 246. sexlineatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 246; iii. 607. sexscutatus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 296. seychellensis (Boodon), i. 329, seychellensis phis), i. 317. seychellensis notus), i. 317. shavii (Pelamis), iii. 289, se (Ahetulla), ii. (Psammo- (Tropido- 96. shirana (Chlorophis), iii. 631. shiranum (Homalosoma), ii. 276; iii. 642. shortii (Silybura), i i, 158, Siagonodon, i i, 59 siamensis (Calamaria), ii 348. siamensis (Coluber), iii. 409. siamensis (Naja), iii. 880. siamensis (Typhlops), i. sibilans (Coluber), iii. 161, 169. sibilans (Psammophis), iii. 149, 156, 157, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168. sibiricum (Chorisodon), iii. 151. TLL Sibon, iii. 88. sibon (Coluber), ii. 298. sibonius(Alsophis),ii.128. siculus (Coluber), i. 219. sieboldi (Elapoides), ii, 318. sieboldii (Ferania), iii. 10, 11. sieboldii (Herpetoreas), i, 248. sieboldii (Homalopsis), iii, 11. sieboldii (Hypsirhina), iii. 11. sieboldii (Ninia), ii. 318. sieboldii (Trigonurus), iii, 11. signata (Alecto), iii. 338, signata (Denisonia), iii, 338. signata (Glauconia), i. 64. signatum (Stenosioma), i. 64. signatus (Coniophanes), iii. 205. signatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 338. signatus (Simotes), ii. sikkimensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 270. Siloboura, i. 144, silurophaga (Grayia), ii 286. Silybura, i. 144, Simalia, i. 81. simile (Brachysoma), iii. 319. Simocephalus, i. 344. Sa a a al i, eee ‘(Typhlops), i i, 51. Simophis, ii. 253. Simoselaps, iii. 361. Simotes, i. 414; ii. 213, 214. simplex (Lichanura), i 129. simus (Coluber), ii. 156. simus (Heterodon), ii. 156. sindanus (Psammophis), iii, 157 sinensis T xblahos),{ i. 184, sinkawangensis (Calama- ria), ii. 343, sipedon (Coluber), i. 242, sipedon (Nerodia), i. 242. sipedon (Tropidonotus), i, 242. 712 Siphlophis, iii. 56, 99. sirtalis (Coluber), i. 206. sirtalis (Eutainia), i. 205, 206, 208, iii. 601. sirtalis (Thamnophis), i. 207. sirtalis (Tropidonotus), i. 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 287 ; iii. 601. Sistrurus, iii. 569. smaragdina (Aheetulla), ii. 103. smaragdina —_ (Dendro- phis), ii. 103. smaragdina (Gastro- pyzis), ii. 103; iii. 631. smaragdina (Hapsido- phrys), ii. 103. smaragdinus (Lepto- phis), ii. 103. smithii (Dipsas), ii. 125. smithii (Philothamnus), ii. 99. smithii (Typhlops), i. 45. smithii (Zamenis), lii. 624, smythii (Coluber), ii. 286. smny thii (Grayia), ii. 286 ; iii, 643. socotre (Zamenis), i. 408. socotranus (Typhlops), i. 21 Solenoglypha, iii. 463. Solénoglyphes, iii. 463. somalicus (‘Typhlops), iii. 589 somersetta (Naia), iii. sondaica (Naja), iii. 380. Sonora, ii. 255. sonorensis (Caudisona), iii. 576. sordellii (Pseudoelaps), iii. 825. spadiceus (Oxyrhopus), iii, 101. Spalerosophis, i. 379. speciosus (Coluber), i. 86. spectabilis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 342. Sphecodes, i. 348. Sphenocalamus, ii. 326. Sphenocephalus, iii. 99. spilogaster (Bothro- dytes), iii. 608. spilogaster (Ninia), i. 293. spilogaster (Tropidono- tus), i. 257; iii. 608. spiloides (Coluber), ii. 50. spiloides (Hlaphis), ii. 50. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. spilonotus (Oligodon), ii. 243 Spilotes, ii, 18, 28, 25. spilotes (Echidna), i. 82. spilotes (Morelia), i. 82. spilotes (Python), i. 82. spilotus (Coluber), 1. 82. spinepunctatus (Oligo- don), i. 186. spinalis (Achalinus), i. 309. spinalis (Coluber), i. 394, spinalis (Masticophis), i. 394. spinalis (Zamenis), i. 394 ; iii, 622. spiralis (Enhydris), iii. 273. apiralis (Hydrophis), iii. 273. ‘spiralis (Hydrus), iii. 273. spixii (Coluber), ii. 75. spixii (Elaps), iii. 427. spixii (Helicops), i. 280. spixii (Micrurus), iii. 427. splendens (Liophis), ii. 182. splendida (Dipsas), iii. 86 splendida (Lampropel- tis), li. 197. splendida (Leptodira), il. . splendidus (Ophibolus), ii. 197. splendidus (Simotes), ii. 217. sputatrix (Naja), iii. 380. squamatus (Atheris), iii. 509. squamiger (Atheris), iii. 609. squamigera (Atheris), iii. 509. squamigera (Echis), iii. 509. squamigera (Toxicoa), iii. 509. squamosus (Anilios), i. squamosus (‘Typhlophis), i. 57. squamosus (Typhlops), i. 57; iii. 590. squamulosus (Pseudo- elaps), iii. 317. stahlknechtii (Calama- ria), ii. 835. Stasiotes, ii. 213. Stegonotus, 1.364; iii.619. stejnegerianus (Zamenis), iii. 621. Sténocéphalieng, iii. 26. stenocephalus (Psammo- phis), iii. 156. Stenognathus, i. 302. Stenophis, iii. 39. stenophrys (Lachesis), iii. 534, stenophthalmus (Hetero- lepis), i. 347. stenophthalmus (Simo- geptalus}, i. 347. Stenorhina, iii. 229. stenorhynchus (Geophis), i. 804. stenorhynchus (Xylo- phis), i. 304. Stenostoma, i. 59. Stenostomi, i. 57. Stenostomide, i. 57. Stephanohydra, iii. 303. stephensii (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 350. stewartii (Hydrophis), iii, 297 stictogenys (Diadophis), ii. 207. stigmaticus (Drepano- don), iii. 639. Stilosoma, ii.325; iii. 646. stokesii (Distira), iii. 288. stokesii (Hydrophis), iii. 288. stokesii (Hydrus), iii. 288. stolata (Natrix), iii. 608. stolatum (Amphiesma), i. 253. stolatus (Coluber), i. 253. stolatus (Tropidonotus), i. 253; iii. 608. stoliczke (Ablabes), ii. 281. Stoliczkaia, i. 175. Storeria, i, 285. storerioides (Ischnogna- thus), i. 288; iii. 611. storerioides (Natrix), i. 288, storerioides (Storeria), i. 288. storerioides (Tropidoclo- nium), i, 288. storerioides (Tropidono- tus), iii. 611. stormi (Lycodon), i. 357 ; ili. 618, stormsi (Boulengerina), iii. 857. straminea (Carphophis ca Wei a stramineus (Chilomenis- cus), ii. 278. stratissima (Leptogna- thus), iii. 85. Stremmatognathus, iii. 446 Streptophorus, i. 291. striata (Coronella), i. 361. striata (Leioselasma), iii. 294. striaticeps (Teleolepis), iii. 13. f ee stricticollis (Hydrophis), iii. 284, striatula (Calamaria), i. 291. striatula (Haldea), i. 291 ; iii. 612. striatula (Potamophis), i. 291. striatula (Virginia), i. 91 striatulus (Coluber), i. 291. striatulus (Conocepha- lus), i. 291. striatus (Coluber), i. 349. striatus (Enhydris), iii. 295. striatus (Epicrates), i. 96. striatus (Humesodon), i. 361. ge (Homalochilus), 6. siviatas (Hydrophis), iii. 290. striatus (Hydrus), iii. 292, 295. striatus (Lycodon),i. 349. strigatus (Lachesis), iii. 549, strigatus (Tachymenia), ii. 116. strigatus (Thamnodynas- tes), iii. 116. strigatus (Tomodon), iii. 116. strigatus i. 449, strigilatus (Homalochi- lus), i. 96. striolatus (Dendrophis), ii. 85, striolatus (Tropidonotus), i, 231. td (Typhlops), i. (Trimesurus), rere (Ligoniros- tra), ii. 248. stumpfii (Dromicus), i. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. stumpffi (Tropidonotus), i, 247. Stypocemus, i. 193. Styporhynchus, i. 193. subsequalis(Dipsas), iii.88. subequalis (Himanto- des), iii. 88. subalbidus (Ooluber), iii. 14. subannulata phis), iii. 295. subannulatum (Nymph- ophidium), i. 371. subannulatus (Dryocala- mus), i. 371; iii. 620. subannulatus (Hydropho- bus), i. 371. subannulatus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 294, (Hydro- subannulatus (Odonto- mus), i. 871 subannulatus (Trimesu- rus), iii. 562. subannulatus (Tropido- dipsas), ii. 295. subannulatus (Tropido- lemus), iii. 562. subearinatus (Dendro- phis), ii. 91. subcarinatus (Simotes), ii. 226 subcincta (Distira), 292. subcinctus (Hydrophis), _ Hi. 292. subcinctus Lycodon), i. 359 ; iii. 619. subcinctus (Ophites), i. 359. subfasciata (Hydrophis), iii. 302. subfasciatus (Licphis), ii. 32 subfasciatus(Rachiodon), ii. 355. subfuscus (Lycodon), i. 356. subgriseus (Oligodon), ii. 243. sublsevis eae ili. 283, 2! ee rae (Liophis), ii. sublineatus (Oligodon), ii. 242; iii. 640. sublutescens (Corypho- don), ii. 8 submarginatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii, 104. ee subminiatum (Amphies- ma), i. 256. 718 subminiatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 256 ; iii. 608. subnigra (Zamenis), iii. 623. suboccipitalis (Hoplo- cephalus), iii. 339. suboculare (Bascanium), i. 3889. subocularis (Atheris), iii. 509. subocularis (Dendrela- phis), ii. 89. subocularis(Dendrophis), ii. 89. suborbitalis (Spilotes), i. 389 subpunctatus (Oligodon), i. 186. subpunctatus pus), iii. 103. subpunctatus (Polyodon- tophis), i. 186; iii. 598. subquadratus (Oligodon), ii. 237. subradiatum (Compsoso- ma), ii. 64. subradiatus (Coluber), ii. 64. (Oxyrho- cubradiatus (Elaphis), ii. 32, 64. subradiatus (Tropidono- tus), ii. 15, subscutatus (Bothrops), iii. 535. substolatum (Amphies- wa), i. 260. subteniatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 160. suleans (Hoplocephalus), iii. 349. sulcatus (Typhlops), i. 31. sulphurea (Natrix), ii. 19. sulphureus (Phrynonax), ii. 19; iii. 626. suluensis (Callophis), iii. 402. sumatrana (Calamaria), ii. 833, 339. sumatrana (Naja), iii, 386. sumatranus (Bothrops), iii. 557. sumatranus (Coluber), iii. 557. sumatranus (Dendro- phis), iii. 194. sumatranus (Elaphis), i. 307 sumatranus (Elaps), iii. 402. 714 sumatranus (Lachesis), iii. 557. sumatranus (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 562. sumatranus(Trimesurus), iii. 562, sumatranus (Typhlops), iii. 584. sumichrasti iii. 597. sumichrasti (Oonophis), iii. 123. sumichrasti (Eutenia), i. 209 ; iii. 601. sumichrasti (Geagras), ii. 50. : (Ablabes), sumichrasti (Henicogna- thus), i. 183. sumichrasti (Leptocala- mus), ii. 250. sumichrasti (Loxocemus), i, 74. ‘ sumichrasti (Polrodonto- phis), i. 183; iii. 597, sumichrasti (Rhadinza), i. 183. sumichrasti (Tropidono- tus), i. 209 ; iii. 601. sundanensis (Tropidono- tus), i, 225, 260. sunderwallii (Elaps), iii. ‘360. sundevalli (Temnorhyn- chus), ii. 247. sundevallii (Elapechis), iii. 360. sundevallii (Elapsoidea), “iit, 360. sundevallii (Glauconia), i. 68. sundevallii (Prosymna), ii. 247, sundevallii (Stenostoma), i. 68. superba (Denisonia), iii. 5 : superbus us), iii. 335, 356. superciliaris (Vipera), iii. 491. : superciliosa (Diemenia), lil. 325. superciliosa (Echis), iii. 05. Papenelioes (Vipera), iii. 505. oe (Acaly ptus), lii. 269. superciliosus (Enygrus), 1. 107. superciliosus (Pseudo- elaps), iii. 825. (Hoplocepha-, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. supracinctum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 219. surgens (Tropidonotus), i. 274, surinamensis (Coluber), i, 278. surinamensis (Elaps), iii. 414, surucucu (Bothrops), iii. 534. suspectus (Xenodon), ii. 147. suta (Denisonia), iii. 339. sutherlandi (Brachyso- ma), iii. 320. sutherlandi (Pseudelaps), iii. 820. sutus (Hoplocephalus), iii. 339. sutus (Thanatophis), iii. 547. . swinhonis (Simotes), ii. 222, aes ; swinhonis fPreriione, tus), i. 218 Sym phimus, iii. 642. Sympholis, ii. 188. Synchalinus, ii. 70. Syncrantériens, i. nate syriaca (Tarbophis), iii 48, 49. se (Typhlops), i. 21. ayspylus (Ophibolus), ii. 201. Tachymenis, iii. 47, 117, 124, 199. Tachynectes, i. 272. Tachyplotus, iii. 2. tacaanowskyi (Ungalia), “Ll ne (Tropidonotus), i. 207. re (Coronella), iii. 175. teniata (Leptophis), i, 390. F teeniata (Natrix), iii. ae teniata (Rhadinea), i 178. teniata (Tachymenis), iii. 209. : teniata (Tantilla), iii. 217, 0 teniatum (Arrbyton), ii, 52. teniatum (Bascanium), i. teniatum (Homalocrani- um), iii, 217. teniatus (Bothrops), iti 538 teeniatus (Conophis), iii. 124. teniatus (Dromicus), ii. - 178. teniatus (Drymobius), i. 391. teniatus ulapoeeebelis) iii. 239 teniatus ' (Lycognathus), iii. 175. teniatus (Nasticophis), i. 391 teeniatus (Philodryas), iii. 124. teeniatus (Simotes), ii. 227. teniatus (Zamenis), 390; iii. 622. teniogaster (Liophis), ii. 166. teeniolata (Coronella), ii. 174. teniolata (Rhadinga), ii. 174. ‘ teniolatus (Enicogna- thus), ii. 174. Teniophallus, iii. 635, Teeniophis, ii. 118. teniurus (Aporophis), ii. 130. teniurus (Coluber), 47 ; iii. 627. teeniurus (Elaphis), ii.47. teniurus (Liophis), ii. 130, 138. a (Oligodon), ii. 0. tamachia (Coluber), iii. 592, tanralus (Tropidonotus), i. 234, Tantilla, iii. 212. tantillus (Teeniophis), ii. 119. Taphrometopon, iii. 151. taprobanica (Hydrophis), iii. 295. Tarbophis, iii. 47. tatarica (Boa), i. 126. o {Trimerphoden), 4 ili, tacit (Natrix), i. 245 ; iii. 606. fanaa (Nerodia), i 245, over taxispilotus (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 245; iii. 606. taylori (Contia), ii. 265, teherana (Eryx), i. 126. Teleolepis, ii, 127. Telescopus, iii. 47. Teleuraspides, iii, 518. Teleuraspis, ili. 529. ° ce (Oalamaria), ii, 333. temminckii (Dromicus), ii.119. temminckii (Liophis), ii. 119. ; d temminckii (Psammo- phis), ii. 119. temminckii (Typhlops), i, 29. Temnorhynchusg, ii. 246. templetonii (Mytilia), i. 144, templetonii (Oligodon), ii, 241, 259. ae temporalis ii. 143. - temporalis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 353. temporalis (Hydrophis), iu. 292. sa ae (Liophis), ii. (Ophibolus), eee (Zaocys), i. 378. tenere (Elaps), iii. 423. tentaculatum (Herpeton), tii, 25. as as (Dromicus), arg (Erpeton), ii. 25. tons (Ophthalmidium), i. 16. tenuiceps( Ablabes), i i. 299. tenuiceps (Calamaria), 'i s 299. tenuiceps(Trachischium), i. 299. tenuicollis parchospla: lus), i. tenuiaollis ' (Ophthalmi- dion), i. 37. tenuicollis (Typhlops), i. 37 ; tenuicula (Rena), i. tenuiculum (Sienosioma), i. 70. are (Typhlops), i, 16, 1 tenuissima(Dipsas) ii. 86. tenuissimus' ' (Himan-~’ todes), iii. 86. ee tephropleura (Tropido- notus), i. 237. Teretrurus, i. 165. tergemina (Caudisona), ii. 571. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, tergeminus (Crotalopho- rus), iii, 571. ? tergeminus (Orotalus), iii. 570.00 coe tergeminus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 104, 105. “ ternatea (Boa), i. 94. ternetzii (Helminthophis), iii, 584. arity (Oaudisona), iii, terrificus (Crotalus), dil. 578, 578. terrificus (Dendrelaphis), ii. 90; iii, 630. terrificus (Dendrophis), ii. '90. oan ee (Coronella), i, tessellata (Dipsas), iii. 80. tessellata (Natrix), i. 234. tessellata (Sabrina), i. 63. tessellatum (Triglypho- don), iii. 80. sy (Lyphlops), 3. wae (Ablabes), ii. iain (Bothrops), iii. 538. tessellatus (Coluber), i. 233. tessellatus (Dinodon), i 64, tessellatus (Lycodon), i. 351. tessellatus (Ninia), i. 293. tessellatus (Protercdon), i. 864. | tessellatus (Rhinochilus), ii. 213, a ee tessellatus (Streptopho- rus), if 29, tessellatus (Lropidono- ' tus), i. 233; 236; iii. 605. testaceus' (Coluber), 1.389. ar rae oryg sede 386, es » (Deymobias, i 390. Tetracheilostoma, i i. 59, Tetragonosomia, i. 348. en ad (Coluber), ii. etralepia i. 319. tetratenia (Adeniophis), iii. 400. tetratenia (Elaps), iii. 400. ° tetrateenia (Herpetodry- as), i ii. 15. 715 I tetrazona (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. tettensis (Onychocepha- lus), i. 41. eae (Psammophis), tettensis (Typhlops), i i,41, ane (Hypsiglena), il. 209 texensis (Diadophis), ii. 207. textilis (Ooronella), iii. 175. textilis (Diemenia), ili. 325. textilis (Furina), iii. 325. textilis (Lycognathus), ili. textilis (Pseudoelaps), iii. 325. thalassina (Boa), i. 102. Thalassophis, iii. 266,268, 271, 285, 303. Thamnocenchris, iii. 529. Thamnodynastes, i iii. 115. Thamnophis, i. 193; iii. 599. pea gt i, 193, Thanatophides, iii. 463. Thanatophis, iii. 530. thebaicus (Eryx), i i. 125; iii. 595. oe (Gongylophis), 25. Thelous, ili. 616. Thelotornis, iii. 184, theobaldi (Simotes), ii. 230. Meee nae Eyles): thoeed (Elaps), iii. 401. thermalis(Coluber), 1.395. thomensis (Philotham- nus), ii. 101. thominoti (Rhinochilus), ii. 213. thraso (Coluber), ii. 155. Thrasops, ii. 104,'105. thurstonii (yphlops), i 26; iii. 585. tigrina(Coronella), ii.199; ili. aa hi tigrinum (Am iesm, y de 8 sr phiesma), es aa iii. tigimi( Coluber), iii. 138, igri (Heterodon), ii. zo 51; 716 tigrinus (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 535. tigrinus (Tropidonotus), i, 249; iii. 607. tigris (Caudisona), iii. 580. tigris (Crotalus), iii. 580. tigris (Python), i. 87. timorensis (Python), i. 85. timoriensis (Liasis), i. 85. Tisiphone, iii. 519. togoensis (Psammophis), iii, 147. togoensis (Rhamphio- phis), iii. 147. Toluca, ii. 255. Tomodon,i iii.115,120,122. Tomogaster, iii. 303. Tomyris, iii. 372. tornieri (Zaocys), iii. 628. torquata (Contia), ii. 266. torquata (Coronella), i. 183. torquata (Demansia), iii. 323. torquata (Diemenia), iii. 323. torquata ely elon), ii. 209, 210, 359. _torquata (Leptodira), ii. 210. torquata (Natrix), i i, 219. Torquatrix, i. 133, 135. torquatum (Pseudorab- dion), ii. 829. torquatum (Rabdion), ii. torquatum (Rabdosoma), ii. 309. torquatus (Atractus), 3809. ree (Coluber), i. 219; ii. 206. torquatus (Enulius), iii. 641. torquatus (Hydrophis), iii. 283. torquatus _ (Leptocala- mus), ii. 250; iii. 641. torquatus(Leptognathus), iil. 452. torquatus (Opisthiodon), i. 295. torquatus (Polyodonto- phis), i. 188. torquatus(Simotes),ii.232. torquatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 258. torresianus (Typhlops), i. 34. tortor (Acanthophis), iii. 328. Tortricidae, i. 131, 167. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Tortriciens, i. 131. Tortricina, i. 131. Tortris, i. 1, 75, 121, 122, 133, 184, 167. torva (Vipera), i iii. 477. torvus (Thanatophis), iii. 567. Toxicoa, iii. 504. Toxicodryas, iii. 59. Toxicophis, iii. 519. trabalis (Coluber), i. 395 ; ii. 44; iii. 151. trabalis (Hemorrhois), i. 395. trabalis (Zamenis), i. 395. Trachischium, i, 297. Trachyboa, i. 109. tracbyceps (Hydrophis), iii. 295. trachyprocta (Aspidura), i. 3813; iii. 613. transversa (Nerodia), i 243. transversus (Tropidono- tus), i. 242, travancoricus (Cercaspis), i. 355. travancoricus (Lycodon), i. 355, travancoricus (Oligodon), li. 236. travancoricus (Rhino- phis), i. 148; iii. 596. travancoricus (Teretru- rus), i. 166. trevelyana (Dapatnaya), i, 142, trevelyanus (Rhinophis), 1.142. triangula (Lampropel- tis), ii. 200. triangularis (Coronella), ii. 286. triangularis(Elaps),ii.187. triangularis (Grayia), ii. 287 ; iii. 643. triangularis (Heterono- tus), ii. 286. triangularis (Hydrops), ii. 187, 359; iii. 637. triangularis (Pesuderys), iii. 637. , trianguligera _(Bothri- echis), til, 546. trianguligera (Bothriop- sis), iii. 546. trianguligerus (Tropido- notus), i. 224; iii. 604. triangulum (Ablabes), ii. 198, 200. triangulum (Ooluber), ii. 200. triangulum (Coronella), ii. 200. : triangulus (Ophibolus), ii. 199, 200, 201. triaspis (Coluber), ii. 387; ili. 627. triaspis (Natrix), ii. 87. Tricheilostoma, i. 59. tricinctus (Liophis), ii. 183. tricolor (Ablabes), ii. 281; iii, 643. tricolor (Cylophis), ii. 281. tricolor (Elapomourphus), iti, 241. tricolor (Herpetodryas), ii. 281. tricolor (Liopeltis),i ii. 281, tricolor (Phalotris), iii. 241. tricolor (Phragmito- phris), iii. 643. trifrenatus (Leptophis), i. 385. trigeminus (Oxyrhopus), ni. 104. Triglyphodon, iii. 59. trigonata (Dipsas), iii. 63. trigonatus (Coluber), iii. 62. trigonatus (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 62, 64, 69. trigonatus (Pelias), iii. 649. trigonocephala (Megmra), lii. 559. trigonocephala (Vipera), ni. 559. Trigonocephalus, iii, 519, 529. trigonocephalus (Co- phias), iii. 559. trigonocephalus (Lache- sis), iii, 559. trigonocephalus (Tri- meresurus), iii. 559, Trigonophis, iii. 47. Trigonurus, iii. 2. trigrammus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. trilamina (Echidnoides), iii. 477. trilamina (Vipera), iii. 477. trilineata(Euteenia),i.208, trilineata (Herpeto- dryas), i. 189, 190. trilineata (Hypsirhina), iii, 7. trilineatum (Homalo- cranium), ili. 217. trilineatum — (Liophi- dium), iii. 599. trilineatus (Atomophis), iii, 135. trilineatus (Atractus), ii. 312. trilineatus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 243. trilineatus -(Elaps), iii 401. trilineatus (Herpeto- dryas), iii. 135. trilineatus — (Leptocala- mus), iii. 217. trilineatus (Oligodon), ii. 238. trilineatus (Platyplec- trurus), i. 165. trilineatus (Plectrurus), i. 165. trilineatus (Psammophy- lax), iii. 138. trilineatus (Simotes), ii. trilobus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 38. trimaculata (Vipera), iii. 397, ae (Callophis), lii. 3 ees (Elaps), iti. 397. Trimeresurus, iii. 327, 346, 373, 529. Trimerodytes, iii. 599. Trimerorhini, i. 177 ; iii. 26. Trimerorhinus, iii. 138. Trimesurus, iii. 529. Trimetopon, ii. 184. Trimorphodon, iii. 53. trinoculus (Coluber), iii. 490. trinotatus (Simotes), ii 218. Tripeltis, ii. 233. pace (Naia), iii. 380, 385, 386. Tyirhinopholis, i i. 419, triscalis (Coluber), ii. 129. triscalis (Dromicus), ii 129, triscalis (Liophis), ii. 129; iii. 684 triseriata (Oaudisona), iii, 581. triseriatus (Coluber), iii. 490 triseriatus (Orotalus), iii. 581. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. triseriatus (Uropsophus), iii, 581. ee triste (Brachysoma), iii. 314. tristis (Coluber), ii. 88. tristis (Dendrelaphis), ii. 88, 358 ; iii. 630. tristis (Elaps), iii, 423. a (Glyphodon), iii 4. tristrigatus _(Dryoca- lamus), i. 372 ; iii. 620. tritenia (Coronella), iii. 139 tritzeniata (Rhagerrhis), iii. 139. triteniatus (Psammo- phylax), iii. 139. triteniatus (Pseudoxy- rhopus), iii. 613. triteeniatus (Trimerorhi- nus), iii. 139, 649. trivirgata (Charina), i. 129. trivirgata (Lichanura), i. 129; iii. 595. trivirgatum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. 312. trivirgatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. trivirgatus (Xenopeltis), i. 187. trivittatum (Homalo- cranium), iti. 217. trivittatus (Helicops), i. 276. trivittatus (Myron), i. 276. trivittatus (Tropido- notus), i. 208. tropica (Storeria), 1. 287. Tropidechis, iii. 350. Tropidoclonion, i. 285. Tropidoclonium, ii. 294, Tropidococcys, iii. 177. tropidococeyx “(Dryio- phis), iii. 178. Tropidodipsas, ii. 294 ; iii. 644. Tropidogeophis, ii. 294. Tropidolamus, iii. 529. Tropidonophis, i. 193, 272. Tropidonotus, i. 191, 192, 265, 270, 272, 317 ; ii. 9, 353 ; iii, 599. Tropidophis, i. 110. Tropidophorug, i. 193. Tropinotus, iii. 599. cies (Argyrophis), - i 16, 717 truncatus (Styporhyn- chus), i. BA ‘ truncatus (Tropidonotus), i. 216; iii. 603. Trypanurgos, iii. 58. tschudii (Elaps), iii. 422. tuberculata (Distira), iii. 293. tuberculata (Hydrophis), iii. 293. tuberculatus (Hmydoce- phalus), iii. 804. tumboensis (Dipsas), iii. turcica (Boa), i. 125. turcicus (Eryx), i. 126. turgida sLepingnatnle) ili. 456. twiningi (Hutenia), i. 211. Tylanthera, iii. 621. Typhlina, i. 7. Typhlinalis, i. 7. Typhlocalamus, ii. 330. Typhlogeophis, ii. 351. Typhlopes, i. 3. Typhlophis, i. 57. Typhlopide, i. 3. Typhlopiensg, i. 3. Typhlopina, i. 3. Typhlopoidea, i. 137. Typhlops, i. 7, 59. Typblopside, i. 3, 57. typhlus (Ooluber), ii. 136. typhlus (Liophis), ii. 135, 136; iii. 634. typhlus (Opheomorphus), - ti. 186. typhlus (Xenodon), ii. - 136. typica eee) i. 285 ; iii. typicus (Helicopsotdes), i. 285. typus (Anodon), ii. 354. typus (Bucephalus), iii 187. ‘ typus (Dispholidus), iii. 187. Tyria, i. 379; ii. 28, 24; iii. 195. tyria (Coluber), i. ele tyrolensis (Coluber), 219. tytleri (Tropidonotus), i. 231. Tytleria, i. 348. ultramarinus (Lepto- phis), iii. 633, Ulupe, i. 369. 718 umbratus (Coluber), i. umbratus (Tropidono- tus), i. 224, 231. undecimstriata (Epictia), i. 63, undecimstriatus (Typh- lops), i. 63. _ undulata (Rhadinea), ii. 174; iii. 635. ; undulatus (Atropos), iii. 65 undulatus (Bothrops), iii. 5 65. undulatus (Coluber), iii. 174. undulatus (Dromicus), ii. 174. undulatus (Lachesis), iii, 565, undulatus (Ophryacus), iii. 565. undulatus (Teleuragpis), iii. 565. undulatus (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 565. Ungalia, i. 110. Ungaliophis, i. 114. . unguiculata ecu rhis), iii. 146. unguirostris (Onychoce- phalus), i. 49. unguirostris (Typhlops), i. 49; iii. 589. unicolor (Amblyodipsas), ii, 245, unicolor (Bosdon), i. 3 unicolor (Calamaria), iii, unicolor (Calamelaps), iii, 245. unicolor (Cerberus), iii. 16 unicolor (Crotalus), iii. 574. unicolor iii. 81. unicolor (Dromicus), ii. 120. unicolor (Fordonia), iti. (Dipsadoboa), unicolor (Geophis), ii. 250. unicolor (Leptocalamus), ii. 250. unicolor (Lycodon), i. 352. unicolor (Naja), iii. 380. unicolor (Rachiodon), ii, 355, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. unicolor (Xenopeltis), i. 168, 334, unilineatus (Onychoce- phalus), i. 15. unilineatus (Typhlops), il unimaculata (Mytilia), i. 141 uniteniatus (Letheobia), i, 55. i uniteniatus (Typhlops), i. 55; iii. 590. univirgata (Callophis), iii. 398 univirgatus (Hlaps), iii. 398. univittatum (Rabdo- soma), ii. 305. Upérolissiens, i. 137. upsilon (Sibon), iii. 55. upsilon (Trimorphodon), iii. 55. Ureeus, iii. 872. Uranops, i. 272. Uriechis, iii. 235. Urobelus, iii. 249, Uromacer, ii. 115. Uropeltacea, i. 137. Uropeltide, i. 137. Uropeltis, i. 132, 144. Uropsophus, iii. 572. urosticta (Athztulla), ii. 115. aw urostictus (Leptophis), ii. 115. ea Urotheca, ii. 180. +4 ursinii (Pelias), iii. 473, ursinii (Vipera), iii. 473. urutu (Bothrops), iii. 542 usta (Natrix), i, 239. ustus (Tropidonotus), i. 238. vagrans (Hutainia), i. 202; iii. 600. vagrans (Thamnophis), iii. 600. vagrans (Tropidonotus), i. 202; iii, 600. vagus (Leptognathus), iii. 462. vagus (Pareas), iii. 462. vagus (Pseudopareas), ii. 462. vaillanti _ iii, 249, vaillanti (Elaposchema), iii. 249. vaillanti (Micrelaps), iii. 249. (Calamelaps), vaillanti (Simotes), ii. 228. yalakadien (Enhydrina), iii, 802. yalakadyn (Hydrus), iii. 302. ' valeria (Virginia), ti. 289. valida (Dipsas), iii. 78. valida (Natrix), i. 237. valida (Regina), i. 237. validus (Tropidonotus), i, 237 ; iii. 605. varia (Echis), iii. 505. variabilis (Calamaria), ii, 333 variabilis (Coluber), ii. 23. variabilis (Fordonia), iii. variabilis Helicops), i. a (Helicops) variabilis (Hemigenius), iii. 606. variabilis (Psammophy- lax), iii. 140, variabilis (Spilotes), ii, _ 28, 88. variabilis (Stenophis), iii. 43. variabilis (Tretanorhi- nus), i, 282; iii. 610. variabilis (Trimerorhi- nus), iii, 140. variabilis (Tropidonotus), iii. 606. varians (Conopsis), ii. 268. varians (Ogmius), iii. 229. : eae varians (Oxyrhina), ii. 268. ve ; variegata (Alecto), iii. 348. meee (Dipsas), iii. 1. variegata (Ficimia), ii. ah variegata (Leptognathus), iii. 451, variegata (Megeera), iii. 556. variegata (Morelia), i. 82. variegata (Parias), iii. 5 variegatum (Alopecion), i. 382. variegatum (Amblymeto- _ pon), ii. 271. variegatum (Homalo- soma), ii. 276. variegatus (Dipsado- morus), ili. 451. variegatus _ (Heleiono- mus), i. 86. variegatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 349. variegatus (Leptogna- ani), iii. aol. variegatus (Mizodon), i 217. : variegatus (Tarbophis), iii. 51 variegatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 217; iii. 603. varium (Rabdosoma), ii. 309. varius (Leptophis), i. 246. saa uy Songehorep bali) varius ce aeanlondA i. 46. veliferum (Amastridium), ii. 852. yenenosi (Colubriformes), i. 169. ventralis (Boodon), i. ventralis (Stenorhina), iii. 229 ventrimaculata (Lepto- gnathus), i iii. 454. ventrimaculata (Tyria), i, 400. ventrimaculatus (Acan- thocalyx), iii. 623. ventrimaculatus (Lepto- gnathus), iii, 454, ventrimaculatus (Za- menis), i. 398, 399, 401, 403, 404 ; iii. 623, ventromaculatus (Oo- luber), i. 399. venustiesima (Ooronella), iii. venustissimus (Coluber), iii. 200. venustissimus (Elaps), iii. 200. venustissimus (Erythro- lawprus), iii, 201 ; iii. 636. venustissimus (Henico- gnathus), iii. 598. venustissimus (Polyo- . dontophis), iii. 598. venustus (Coluber), i. venustus (Oligodon), ii. 235 venustus (Simotes), ii. 235. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. verecundus (Liophis), ii. 134. Vermicella, iii. 405. vermicularis (Argyro- phis), i. 21. vermicularis (Typhlops), i. 21, 418. vermiculata (Coelopeltis), iii. 142, vermiculaticeps nella), ii. 177. vermiculaticeps (Rha- dina), ii, 177. vermiculaticeps (Tzenio- phis), ii. 177. (Coro- vermiculatus (Coluber), iii. 141. ‘ vermiforme (Homalo- cranium), iii. 225. vermiformis (Calamaria), ii. 333 ; iti, 646. vermiformis (Carph- ophiops), ii. 324. vermiformis (Lioninia), iii, 225. vermiformis ili, 225. roe mis(Carphophiops), ii. (Tantilla), vermis (Celuta), ii. 324. vernalis (Chlorosoma), ii, 258. vernalis (Coluber), ii.258. vernalis (Contia), ii. 258 ; iii. 641. vernalis (Cyclophis), ii. 258 ; iii. 641. vernalis (Herpetodryas), ii. 258. vernalis (Liopeltis), ii. 259 versicolor (Calamaria), ii. 345. versicolor (Coluber), i. 411; ii. 149, 191. versicolor (Epicrates), i i. 96. versicolor (Periops), i. 11. ee (Zamenis), i vertebralis (Coluber), ii. vertebralis (Oligodon), ii. 245. vertebralis (Pituophis), ii. 66, 67, 68, vertebralis (Simotes), ii. 245. yerticalis (Onychocepha- lus), i. 32. 719 verticalis (Typhlops), i. is yphlops) vestigiatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 335. vetustus (Bascanion), i. 387. vibakari (Tropidonotus), i. 221. vicina (Ohrysopelea), iii. 195. victa (Storeria), iii. 611. victus (Ischnognathus), iii. 611. vidua (Eutenia), i. 208. ies (Conophis), iii. 123, viguieri een ienetnns iii. 457 vilkinsonii (Trimorpho- don), iii. 55. villarsii_ (Cheilorhina), ii. 188. vincenti (Herpetodryas), ii. 73. violacea (Cantoria), iii. 28 violacea (Coronella), ii. 222. violacea (Oxybelis), iii. 185. violaceus (Coluber), ii. 137. violaceus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 207, violaceus (Simotes), ii. 222; iii. 640. Vipera, iii. 354, 471, 492, 501, 504. ae (Cerastes), iii. vipera (Coluber), iii. 476, - 503. Viperida, iii. 465. Viperida, iii. 463, 464. Vipériens, iii. 464, Viperiformes, iii. 463. Viperina, iii. 463, 464, viperina (Boa), i. 124. viperina (Distira), iii, 298. viperina (Hydrophis), iii. 298. viperina (Natrix), i. 236. viperina (Thalassophis), iii. 298. Viperine, iii. 464, viperinus (Coluber), i. viperinus (Dromicus), ii. 174. 720 viperinus (Psammophy- lax), iii. 125. viperinus(Tropidonotus), 1, 234, 235 ; iii. 605. Viperoidea, i. 169; iii. 464. virens (Coluber), iii. 141. virgata (Tantilla), iii. 223, virgatum (Homalocra- nium), iti. 223. virgatus (Boodon), i. 331. virgatus (Ccelopeltis), i 331 virgatus (Coluber), ii. 54. virgatus (Elaphis), ii. 47, 5A. virgatus (Microdromus), iii. 22; Virginia, ii. 288. virginica (Coronella), iii. virgulata (Calamaria), ii. 338, 340 ; iii. 647. viride (Gonyosoma), ii. viridicyanea (Liophis), ii. 182. viridiflavus (Coluber), i. 3 viridiflavus (Zamenis), i. 395. viridis iii. 82. viridis (Boa), i. 90. viridis (Bothrops), iii 555. viridis (Bucephalus), iii. 187 (Anoplodipsas), viridis (Chondropython), i. 90; ili. 592. viridis (Chrysopelea), iii. 195. E viridis (Cophias), iti. 554. viridis (Crotalinus), iii. 576. viridis (Dendraspis), iii. 35. be (Dendrophis), ii. viridis (Leptophis), iii. - 435. viridis (Liophis), ii. 134 ; iii. 634. viridis (Naja), iii. 374. viridis (Ophiomorphus), ii, 135. viridis (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 554. viridis (Trimeresurus), iii, 551, 554. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. viridis (Vipera), iii. 554. viridis (Xenodon), i. 267. viridissimus (Coluber), iii. 129. viridissimus (Dryophy- lax), iii. 129 viridissimus (Herpeto- dryas), iii. 129. viridissimus (Philo- dryas), iii. 129. visoninus (Adelphicus), ii. 313 visoninus (Rhegnops), ii. 313. vitellinus (Dryophilax), iii. 183. vitellinus iii, 183. vitianus (Ogmodon), iii. 313, (Philodryas), vittata (Natrix), i. 255. vittata (Rhadinea), ii. 178. vittatum (Arrhyton), ii. 252, vittatum (Rhinostoma), iii. 115. vittatus (Ablabes), i. 375. vittatus (Atractus), ii. 304. vittatus (Ceratophallus), iii. 608. vittatus (Coluber), i. 255 ; ii, 134. vittatus (Conophis), iii. 123. vittatus (Cryptodacus), ii. 252. vittatus (Dryophis), iii. 192. vittatus (Enicognathus), ii. 176, 178. sa (Liophis), ii. vittatus (Rhynchonysx), iii. 23) vittatus (Spilotes), i. 252, vittatus (Tomodon), iii. 123. vittatus (Tropidonotus), i, 255; iii. 608. vivax (Ailurophis), iii. 48. vivax (Coluber), iii. 48, wr (Ditypophis), iii. vivax (Tachymenis), iii. vivax (Tarbophis), iii. 48, V-nigrum (Naja), iii. 467. yossi (Gonionotus), i. 323. vossii (Alopecion), i. 344, vossii (Boodon), i. yossii (Gonionotophis), i. 823. vudii (Alsophis), ii. 120. vulgaris (Coluber), i. 395. vulgaris (Natrix), i. 219. vulgaris (Vipera), iii. 482. oo (Coluber), ii. 59. vulpinus (Coluber), ii. 49. vulpinus (Elaphig), ii. 49.. ee (Scotophis), ii. vultuosa (Taltris), iii. waandersii (Oligodon), ii. 245. waandersii (Pareas), iii. waandersii (Rabdion), ii. 245, wagleri (Bothrops), iii. 562. wagleri (Cophias), iii. 562. wagleri (Helicops), i. 282. wagleri (Lachesis), iii. 2. wagleri (Liophis), ii. 134, wagleri (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 562. wagleri (Trimeresurus), iii. 562 wagleri (Tropidolemus), iii. 562 wagneri (Homalocra- nium), ili. 218. waitii (Hoplocephalus), iii. 849. ns , waitii (Typhlops), iii. 589, walkeri (Tropidonotus), i. 238. walteri (Contia), ii. 263. walteri (Pseudocyclo- phis), ii. 263. Walterinnesia, iii. 392. wardii (Cophias), iii. 558. wardii (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 558. warro (Cacophis), iii. 320. ie warro (Pseudelaps), iii. 3820. : iy weberi (Anomalochilus), i. 184. weigelii (Oraspedocepha- lus), iii. 535. weigelii (Dipsas), iii. 84. bbe (Vipera), iii. el (Dendraspis), iii. 436. Wenona, i. 130. werneri (Aparallactus), iii. 257. westermanni (Hlachis- todon), iii. 264. westermanni (Onycho- cephalus), i. 56. whymperi (Coronella), ii. 174, wiedii Ai yeniere i. 36; iii. 586. a iii. 97. wilderi (Typhlops), i. 7. wilkesii (Pituophis), ii. 67 (Eteirodipsas), woodfordii (Denisonia), iii. 346, woodfordii (Hoploce- phalus), iii. 346. woodhousii (Nerodia), i. 243. woodhousii (Tropido- notus), i, 243. wood-masoni (Silybura), i. 147. woodmasoni (Simotes), ii. 23. wuchereri (Dromicus), ii. 175. wuchereri (Elapomor- phus), iii. 240, 241. wuchereri (Lygophis), ii. 175. wynadense (Melano- phidium), i. 163. VOL. IIIf, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, wynandensis(Plectrurus), i. 163. xanthina (Daboia), iii. 8 xanthina ae iii. 487, 4 sputlioas te: ii. 46. xanthogrammus chesis), iii. 543. xanthogrammus (‘Tri- gonocephalys), iii. 543. xanthomelas (Trimere- surus), ili. 551. xanthozona (Dryophis), iii. 180. xanthozonius (Tragops), iii. 181. xanthurus (Spilurus), ii. 31 (Coluber), (La- Xenelaphis, ii. 7. Xenocalamus, iii. 247. Xenochrophis, i. 191. Xenodermina, i. 172. Xenodermus, i. 175, Xenodon, i. 265, 270; ii. 24, 126, 144, 151, 180, 214; iii. 127. Xenodontide, iii, 597. Xenodontine, ili. 597. Xenopeltide, i. 167. Xenopeltis, i. 167. xenopeltis (Tortrix), i. 168 Xenopholis, iii. 231. Xenurelaps, iii. 365. Xenurophis, ii. 288. Xiphosoma, i. 99. Xylophis, i. 803. Xyphorhynchug, iii. 35. Y (Pseudoelaps), ii. 200. * 721 y-grecum (Liophis), ii. 135. y-grecum (Lygophis), ii. 135. yucatanense (Sibon), iii. 95. yucatanensis (Leptodira), iii. 95. yunnanensis (Atretium), i. 274. yunnanensis (Hlaphis), ii. 47. Zacholus, ii. 188. Zamenis, i. 379; ii. 24; iii. 621. Zam enophis, i, 864. Zaocys, 1. 374. Zapyrus, i. 374. zara (‘T'rigonocephalus), iii. 528. zebrina (Geophis), ii. 308. zebrinum (Rabdosoma), ii. 306, 307. zebrinus (Rhegnops), ii. 308. zebrinus (‘Tropidonotus), i. 258. zeylonicus (Coluber), iii. 57 ziczac (Hchis), iii. 505. zonata (Ooronella), ii. 202. zonatus (Bellophis), ii. 202. zonatus (Ooluber), ii. 202. zonatus (Elaps), iii. 211. zonatus (Ophibolus), ii. 203. zonatus (Scolecophis), iii. 11. zonatus (Zacholus), ii 02. LIST OF PLATES. Prats I, Fig. 1. Hypsirhina indica, Gray, p. 4. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body. la. Upper view of head. x2. 16. —— Side view of head. x2. 2. Hypsirhina chinensis, Gray, p.8. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body. ——. Side view of head. x13. 26. Prats II. Fig. 1. Cerberus australis, Gray, p. 18. microlepis, Blgr., p. 18. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. Prats ITI. Fig. 1. Geodipsas infralineata, Gthr., p. 32. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and lower view of middle of body. 2. Lycodryas sancti-johannis, Gthr., p. 45. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Dipsadomorphus nigriceps, Gthr., p. 72. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head, LIST OF PLATES. 723 Prats IV. Fig. 1. Stenophis guentheri, Blgr., p. 40. 2. maculatus, Gthr., p. 43. 3. variabilis, Blgr., p. 43. 3a. Young. 4. betsileanus, Gthr., p. 44. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prate V. Fig. 1. Himantodes inornatus, Blgr., p. 88. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. 2. Leptodira nigrofasciata, Gthr., p. 92. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 2a. : Upper view of head. x 2. 26. ——. Side view of head. x2. 3. Rhinostoma vittatum, Blgr., p. 115. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Puate VI. Fig. 1. Owyrhopus bitorquatus, Gthr., p. 104. Young (type). Upper view of head and anterior part of body. la. Adult, from Moyobamba. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 1b. Adult, from Sarayacu. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 2. Oxyrhopus maculatus, Blgr., p.110. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 2a. Side view of head. Prats VII. Fig. 1. Tachymenis affinis, Blgr., p. 119. 2. Ialtris dorsalis, Gthr., p. 137. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Fig. Fig. Fig. LIST OF PLATES. Prats VIII. 1. Psammophis bocagii, Blgr.,p.161. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and upper view of middle of body. longifrons, Blgr., p. 165. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Puate IX. 1. Philodryas bolivianus, Blgr., p. 132. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 2. Dryophiops philippina, Blgr., p. 195. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Homalocranium longifrontale, Blgr., p. 218. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and upper and side views of head. x 13. Prats X. 1. Apostolepis quinquelineata, Blgr., p. 235. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and of posterior part of body and tail. la, —— Upper view of head. x4. 1b. ——- ——. Side view of head. x4. le. Lower view of head. x4. 2. Apostolepis nigroterminata, Blgr., p. 235. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and of posterior part of body and tail. 2a. Upper view of head. x3. 2b, —— ——. Side view of head. x3. 2¢. ——. Lower view of head. x3. 3. Elapomorphus trilineatus, Blgr., p. 243. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body. Prats XI. Fig. 1. Aparallactus werneri, Blgr., p. 257. 2. 3. —— anomalus, Blgr., p. 262. guentheri, Blgr., p. 259. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and upper (a) and side (6) views of head. x2. LIST OF PLATES. 725 Prats XII. Fig. 1. Hydrelaps darwiniensis, Blgr., p. 270. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of tail, and enlarged ( x 14) side view of head. 2. Hydrophis pacificus, Blgr., p. 278. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XIII. Hydrophis latifasciatus, Gthr., p. 279. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Puate XIV. Hydrophis cantoris, Gthr., p. 281. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XV. Hydrophis melanocephalus, Gray, p. 283. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XVI. Distira grandis, Blgr., p. 2938. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of posterior part of body. Prats XVII. Fig. 1. Dostira macfarlant, Blgr., p. 294. 2. Distira belcheri, Gray, p. 296. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. 726 LIST OF PLATES. Pruatz XVIII. . Glyphodon tristis, Gthr., p. 314. . Diemenia olivacea, Gray, p. 323. . Denisonia demelii, Gthr., p. 339. punctata, Blgr., p. 841. . Bungarus bungaroides, Cantor, p. 370. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. oe © be Pratn XIX. Fig. 1. Tropidechis carinatus, Gthr., p. 350. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. . 2. Elapognathus minor, Gthr., p. 8356. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Bungarus ceylonicus, Gthr., p. 367. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. Pratn XX. Fig. 1. Elapechis niger, Gthr., p. 359. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 2. Naia goldir, Bigr., p. 887. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of middle of body. Prats XXI. Naia guentheri, Blgr., p. 388. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prats XXIT. Fig. 1. Elaps buckleyi, Blgy., p. 416. 2. anomalus, Blgr., p. 417. 3. frasert, Blgr., p. 432. 4. mentalis, Blgr., p. 482. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged ( x 2) side view of head. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. LI8t OF PLATES. 727 Prare XXIII. Amblycephalus monticola, Cantor, p. 443. . Leptognathus andiana, Blgr., p. 452. elegans, Blgr., p. 452. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, lower view of head, and enlarged ‘view of dorsal scales in the middle of the body. Prats XXIV. Leptognathus leucomelas, Blgr., p. 453. ventrimaculata, Blgr., p. 454. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Pratp XXV. Echis coloratus, Gthr., p. 507. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. . Lachesis okinavensis, Blgr., p. 549. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. flavomaculatus, Gray, p. 556. Upper and side views of head. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. BRIT.MUS.N.H. PUL. 2. 1 Z J.Green & R.EM. del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. 1. Hypsirlina indicw. 2. Hypsirhina chinensis . BRIT, MUS.N.H. PUT, paugut: OWN seta i; a i an iM J. Green & R.E.M del.et lith, Mintern Bros. imp, 1. Cerberus australis. 2. Cerberus microlepis. BRIT. MUS.N.H. PU. HE J.Green del.et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. 1. Geodipsas tralineata 2. Lycodryas sancti-johannis. 3. Dipsadomorphas rigriceps . BRIT.MUS.N.E. J. Green & REM del. et ith. LT. Stenophis guentherv. Ds Stenophis vartabilis, Z. 4. PUI Mintern Bros. imp, Stencphis maculatus. Stenophis betsileanus. : BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL.V. J. Green & R.E.M. del et lith. Mintern Bros . imp. 1. Himantodes inornatus. 2.Leptodira nigrotasaata. 3.Rhinestoma vitatun. BRIT. MUS.N.A. PL.VI. J. Green del et lith. 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Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection ofthe British Museum. Fringilti- formes: Part ILI., containing the family Fringillide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1d. 8s.’ Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni- formes, containing the families Artamide, Sturnide, Ploceide, and Alaudide. Also the families Atrichiide and Menuride. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodeuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 12. 8s. . Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo- myode, or the families Tyrannide, Oxyrhamphide, Pipride, Cotingide, Phytotomide, Philepittide, Pittide, Xenicida, and Eurylemide. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1d. 4s. Vol. XV, Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. T'racheo- phone, or the families Dendrocolaptide, Formicariide, Conopophagide, and Pteroptochide. By Philip Lutley Selater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii. 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured. Plates... .[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 12. A 2 4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF ‘HE Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued. Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picaria in the Collection of the British Museum. Upupe and Trochili, by Osbert Salvin. Coracia, of the families Cypselide, Caprimulgide, Podar- gide, and Steatornithide, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xv1., 703. Wocdcuts and 14 coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11, 16s. Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picarim in the Collection of the British Museum. Coracie (contin.) and Halcyones, with the families Leptusomatide, Coraciide, Meropide, Alcedinide, Momotide, Totidz, and Coliidex, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by W. BR. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, Svo. 14. 10s. Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariz in the Collection of the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family Picida. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 12. 6s. Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picarie in the Collection of the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges: contain- ing the families Rhamphastide, Galbulide, and Bucconide, by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indicatoride, Capitonide, Cuculidz, and Musophagide, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484: 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 12. 5s. Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xvii., 658: woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 12. 10s. Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbe, or Pigeons, in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori. _ Pp. xvii., 676: 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 12. 10s. Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Péerocletes, Galline, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of the British Museum. , By W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi., 585: 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 12. 6s. Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicaria (Rallide and Heliornithide) and Alectorides (Aramide, Eurypygide, Mesitide, Rhinochetide, Gruide, Psophiide, and Otidide) jin the Collection of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii, 353: 9 coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 20s. List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray :— Part TIL. Section I. Ramphastide. Pp. 16. [With Index.] 1855, 12mo. 6d. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5 List of Specimens of Birds in the British Museum—continued. Part ITT, Section IT. Psittacide. Pp. 110. [With Index. ] 1859, 12mo. 2s. Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonide and Picide. Pp. 187. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. 1s. 6d. ree Columbe. Pp.73. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo. 1s. 9d. Part V. Gallinw. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1867, 12mo. 1s. 6d. Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean in the Coilection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.LS., &. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 8vo. 1s. 6d. REPTILES. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbznians in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii, 80. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1844, 12mo. ls. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. :— Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d. Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis- benians. Pp. vi. 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, to. 3s. 6d. Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.B.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4s. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, 8vo. 15s. Catalozue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the british Museum. By Dr. J. HE. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. xxviii, 289. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1845, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His- tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger :— Vol. I. Geckonide, Bublepnaride, Uroplatide, Pygopodide, Agamide. Pp. xii. 486. 32 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1865, 8vo. 20s. Vol. II. Iguanide, Xenosauride, Zonuride, Anguide, Anniellidw, Helodermatide, Varanidaw, Xantusiide, Teiide, Amphisbenide. Pp. xiii, 497. 24 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s, 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum—continued. Vol. III. Lacertide, Gerrhosauride, Scincide, Anelytro- pide, Dibamidw, Chameleontide. Pp. xii., 575. 40 Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 10. 6s. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. :— Vol. I, containing the families Typhlopide, Glauconiide, Boide, Ilysiide, Uropeltide, Xenopeltide, and Colubridz aglyphe, part. Pp. xiii, 445: 26 Woodcuts and 28 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1893, 8vo. 12. 1s. Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubride aglyphe. Pp. xi, 382: 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17s. 6d. Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British ': Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi, 281. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indcexes.] 1858, 12mo. 4s. BATRACHIANS. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi. 160. 12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical ‘Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s. | Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii, 127. 9 Plates. {With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 9s. FISHES. Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Pr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &e. :— Vol. VII. Physostomi (Heterophygii, Cyprinide, Gono- f rnynchide, Hyodontide, Osteoglosside, Clupeida, Chiro- centride, Alepocephalide, Notopteridz, | Halosauride). Pp. xx., 512.. Woodecuts. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1868, 8vo. 8s. Vol. VITI. Physostomi (Gymnotide, Symbranchide, Mure- nidz, Pegaside), Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. Pp. zxv., 549. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8yo. 8s. 6, we Sy BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7 Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second edition. Vol. I. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. I. containing the Centrarchide, Percide, and Serranide (part), By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp. xix., 394. Woodcuts and 15 plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo. 15s. : List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J.E. Gray. Pp.x., 160. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1851, 12mo. 3s. Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [With a Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. ds. 6d. Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates, ’ [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s. MOLLUSCA. Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &e. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodceuts. 1857, 8vo. 5s. List of the Shells of the Canaries in the Collection of the British Museum, collected by MM. Webb and Berthelot. Described and figured by Prof, Alcide D’Orbigny in the “ Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries.” Pp. 32. 1854, 12mo., Is. List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the British Museum, collected by M. Ramon de la Sagra. Described by Prof. Alcide d@’Orbigny in the “ Histoire de ’Ile de Cuba.” Pp. 48. 1854, 12mo. 1s. List of the Shells of South America in the Collection of the British Museum. Collected and described by M. Alcide D’Orbigny in the “ Voyage dans l’Amériqne Méridionale.” Lp. 89. 1854, L2ino, 2s. Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells ‘in the British Museum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s. List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum, collected and desuribed by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet in the “ Voyage autour du Monde, exécuté pendant les années “ 1836 et 1837, sur la Corvette ‘ La Bonite,’” and in the “ Flistoire naturelle des Mollnusques Ptéropodes”” Par MM. P.O. A. L. Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo, 8d. Catalogue of the Phaneropneumona, or Terrestrial Operculated Mollusca, in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Pp. 324, [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1852, 12mo, 5s, ; . 38 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Cyclophoride. Pp. 69. [With an Index.} 1850, 12mo. Is. 6d. Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusea, in the Col- lection of the British Museum. PartI. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Gautatus of the Auriculide, Proserpinide, and Truneatellidz: in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 150. Woodeuts. 1857, 12mo. 1s. 9d. List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum, By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Part I. Volutide. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. 6d. Part II. Olivide. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo..1s. Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :— Part I. Veneride, Cyprinide, Glauconomide, and Potri- colada. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s. Part II. Pemicuuds (concluded) ; Corbiculada. Pp. 217-292. [With ‘an Alphabetical Index to the two parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d. BRACHIOPODA. Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. [Jssued as “ Catalogue of the Mollusca, Part TV.”] Pp. iv.,128 25 Woodcuts. | With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo, 3s. POLYZOA. Catalogue’of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III: Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.R.S. Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.} 1875, 8vo. 5s. CRUSTACEA, Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I. Leucosiade. By Thomas Bell, V-P.R.S., Pres. L.S., &e. Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6d. Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S., &c. Po, iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] - 1862, Sve. 1. 5s, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9 ARACHNIDA. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, based upon the Collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi. 406. [With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895, 8vo. 10s. 6d. MYRIOPODA. Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British Musum. By George Newport, F.R.S., P.E.S., &c. Part I. Chilopoda. Pp. iv., 96. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] 1856, 12mo. 1s. 9d. INSECTS. Coleopterous Insects. Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum :— Part IV. Cleride. By Adam White. Pp. 68. [With Index.] 1849, 12mo. ls. 8d. Part V. Cucujide, &e. By Frederick Smith. [Also issued as © List of the Coleopterous Insects. Part ].”] Pp. 25. 1851, 12mo. 6d. Part VI. Passalide. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23. 1 Plate [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. 8d. Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam While. Pp. iv., 174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Part IX. Cassidide. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225.. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo. 3s. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycide. By Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16s. Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi. 254: 1 Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.LS. Pp. xiti., 648. [With ‘Topographical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Catalogue of Halticide in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and CEdipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates, 1860, 8vo. 7s. 10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Hispide in, the Collection of the British Museum. By “Joseph S. Baly, MES, &e. Part I. Pp. x. 172. 9 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]. 1858, 8vo. 6s. Hymenopterous Insects. List of the Speciniens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collecticn of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S.:— Part II. Chalcidites. Additional Species. Appendix. , Pp. iv., 99-237. 1848, 12mo. 2s. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. :— Part J. Andrenide and Apldm, Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853, 2s. 6d. ‘ Part II. Apide. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s. Part III. Mutillide and Pompilide. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 1855, 6s. Part IV. Sphegidw, Larride, and Crabronide. Pp. 207- 497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 6s. Part V. Vespide. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha- betical Index.] 1857, 6s. Part VI. Formicide. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 6s. Part VI. Dorylide and Thynnide. Pp. 76. 38 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10s. List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinide and Siricide. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii, 450. 16 Coloured _ Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. ll. 18s. Dipterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. 12mo. :— Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts, and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 6s. Part VII. Supplement ITI. Asilide. Pp. ii., 507-775. 1855. 3s. Gd. Lepidopterous Insects. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum :—. Part TI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82. 41-60 Coloured Plates, [With a Systematic index.] 1879, 4t0, 22, 10s, ; ; a BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). tl Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera —continued. Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii, 74. 78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 22. 10s. Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89. 101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] ‘ 1886, 4to. 22. 4s. Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner butler. Pp. iv., 124.- 121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.] 1889, 4to. 27. ’ Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144. 139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.] 1891, 4to. 2d. Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176. Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon.| 1893, 4to. 21. 2s. Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyride in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.LS., &e. Pp. vi. 211. 5 Plates. [With an Alphabetical ‘Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d. Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycznide in the British Museum. B W.C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 Coloured Plates, 1862, 4to. 12. 1s. List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Papilionide. By G. R. Gray, F.LS. Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— Part VI. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855, 3s. 6d. Part X. Noctuide. Pp. 253-491. 1856, 3s. 6d. Part XII. Pp. 765-982. 1857, 3s. 6d. Part XIII. ——_——_ Pp. 983-1236. 1857, 3s. 6d. Part XIV. ————_ Pp. 1237-1519. 1858, 4s. 6d. Part XV. ————— Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858, 4s. 6d. Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858, 3s. 6d. Part XIX. Pyralides. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha- _ betical Index to Parts XVI.-XIX.] 1859, 3s. 6d. Part XXI. Geometrites. Pp. 277-498. 1860, 3s. Part, XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3s. 6d. Part XXIII, ———— Pp. 756-1020, 1861, 3s, 6d, 12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects—continued. Part XXIV. —~— Pp. 1021-1280. 1862, as. 6d. Part XXV. —— Pp. 1281-1477. 1862, 3s. Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. (With an Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.—~XXVI.] 1862, 4s. 6d. Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286. 1863, 4s. Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561. 1863, 4s. Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864, +s. Part XXX. ——— Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts XXVII.—XXX.] 1864, 4s, Part XXXT. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864, 5s. Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 3822-706. 1865, Part XXXIIL. —— Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865,” Part KXXIV. ———_ Part 4, Pp. 1121-1533. 1865, Part RXXV. —— Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [With an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI-XXXV.] 1866, 7s. Neuropterous Insects. Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— Part I. Phryganides—Perlides. Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 2s. 6d. Part 1I. Sialide—Nemopterides. Pp. ii, 193-476. 1853, 3s. 6d. Part IIf. Termitide—Ephemeride. Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853, 1s. 6d. *, Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Col- lection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I. Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d. Orthopterous Insects. Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Phasmide. By Jobn Obadiah Westwood, F.LS., &. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.| 1859, 4to. 3. Catalogue of the Specimens of “Blattariz in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &. Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.] and Supplement to the Blattaria in the Collection of the British Museum. Gryllide. Blattarie. lLocustide. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo, 5s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13 Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e.— Part II. Locustide (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d. Part III. Locustide (continued).—Acrididm. Pp. 425-604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s. Part IV. Acridide (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. Part V. Tettigide.—Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat- tarie.—Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850; 43; 116. [With Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. Hemipterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. Part II. Pp. 369-590. Plates 12-15. 1852, 12mo. 4s. Catalogue of the Specimens of. Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. 8vo. :— Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5s. Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4s. Part IIT. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to Parts I., II., IIL, and a Summary of Geographical Distribution of the Species mentioned.] 1868. 4s. 6d. Part IV. Pp. 211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871. 6s. Part V. Pp. 202. 1872. 5s. Part VI. Pp. 210. 1873. 5s. Part VII. Pp. 213. 1873. 6s. , Part VIII. Pp. 220. 1873. 6s. 6d. Homopterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Homopterous Iusects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Supplement. Pp. ii, 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 4s. 6d. VERMES. Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, con- tained in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird, Pp. iv., 182. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in whieh the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found ; and an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s. ANTHOZOA. Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariide in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. iv., 40. 2 Woodeuts. 1870, 8vo. ls. 6d, 14 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &. Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook. Pp. xi. 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, Explanation of Plates, ' and a Preface by Dr. Giinther.] 1893, 4to. 12. 4s. BRITISH ANIMALS. Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &¢. Pp. xii, 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d. Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Second edition. Part I, Andrenide and Apidae. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi, 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicide, and Vespidz in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s. ' A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L. Ed., Lu.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &é¢. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s. Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202. Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). [With Table of Con- tents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Description of the Plates, &c.| 1892, 8vo. 12s. 6d. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures. 12mo. :— Part I. Centronie# or Radiated Animals. By Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. xiii., 173. 1848, 4s. ; Part IV. Crustacea. By A. White. Pp. iv., 141. (With an Index.) 1850, 2s. 6d. Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition. By H. T. Stainton and E.Shepherd. Pp. iv., 224. 1856, 1s. 9d. Part VI. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. Pp. 184. 1851, 2s. Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda, By Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851, 3s. 6d. ; BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15 ast of the Specimens of British Animals—continued. Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164. (With Index and List of Donors.) 1851, 3s. 6d. Part IX. Eggs of British Birds. By George Robert Gray. Pp. 148. 1852, 2s. 67, Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. Pp. iv., 51. 1852, 1s. Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued.) By James F. Stephens. Pp. iv., 54. 1852, 9d. Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1858, ls. 4d. Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853, 6d. Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 42. 1858, Is. Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton. Pp. 199. [With an Index,] 1854, ds. Part XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, Euplexoptera, and: Orthoptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv.,17. 1855, 6d. PLANTS. A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain: being a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, M.A., F.LS., F.G.S., &c. Part I. Pp, viii. 519: 74 Woodcuts. [With Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.] 1894, 8vo. 16s. A Monograph of the Mycetozoa i being a Descriptive Catalogue | of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Musenm. By Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 224. 78 Plates and 51 Woodcuts. [With Synopsis of Genera and List of Species, and Index. ] 1894, 8vo. 15. : List of British Diatomacee in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.8.,&c. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, 12mo. 1s, FOSSILS. Jatalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insec- tivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268. 33 Woodeuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1885, 8vo. 5s. Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artio- dactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s. Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Peris- sodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. Pp. 16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF: THE: Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia—continued. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s. Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probos- cidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. _Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Si- renia, Cetacea, “Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 3845. 55 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368, 75 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.| 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sau- ropterygia. Pp. xxi. 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Syste- matic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.|] 1829, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part IIT. ‘Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii, 239. 53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata, Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia; and Supplement. Pp. xxiii, 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural Histery). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :—- Part I. Containing the Elasmopranchii. Pp, xlvii., 474. 18 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Geneva and Species.]- 1889, 8vo. 21s. Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holo- cephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo- stomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With © Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 21s. ' ! { BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISYORY). 17 Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes—continued, Part III. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostemi of the Orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli, Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Pp. xlii., 544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, os Systematic Index; of Genera and Species.] 1895, 8vo 5 ES Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mullusca in the British Museum (Natural History), with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp.‘xxviii., 365. [With table of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con- sisting of the families Orthoceratide, Endoceratids, Actino- ceratidz, Gomphoceratide, Ascoceratide, Poterioceratide, Cyrtoceratide, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi, 344. 51 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nauti- -.Joidea, consisting of the families Lituitide, Trochoceratida, Nautilide, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood- cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. | 1891, 8vo. 15s. A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii. 165. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the British Museym (Natural History), with an account of the morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the Departmert of Geology, British Museum (Natural History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc, F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton College). [With Preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] Pp. xv., 822. 20 Plates. 1886, 4 to. 25s. Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new and little known species. By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp. viii, 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular List of Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical sequence, and an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. 1/, 10s. o 89533. B 18 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum (Natural History), By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F-R.S., &c. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. &s. Catalogue of the Palzozoic Plants in the Department of Geology and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii. 288. [With a list of works quoted, and an Index.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. oe ae Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). The Wealden Flora. By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer in Botany, Cambridge. - Part I. Thallophyta—Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179: 17 Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Preface by Dr. Woodward, Alphabetical Index of Genera, Species, &c., Explanations of the Plates, &e.] 1894, 8vo, 10s. Part II. Gymnosperme. Pp. viii. 259. 9 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1895, 8vo. 15s. GUIDE-BOOKS. (To be obtained only at the Museum.) A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By W.H. Flower.] With 2 Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 80. 1895, 8vo. 3d. Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological, Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.Giinther.] 5th Edition. Pp. 126. 57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1894, 8vo. 6d. Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 8rd Edition. Pp. iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. Index. 1898, 8vo. 6d. 4 Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinoder- mata, Vermes), inthe Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv. 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, 8vo. 4d. A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural’ History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [New Edition. By Heary Woodward. |— : Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp. xii., 163. 119 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d. Part IT. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates. Pp. xii, 109. 94 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. Gd. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19 Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of Geology and Palxontology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward. ] 2nd Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888 8vo. 4d. -Guide to Sowerby’s Models of British Fungi in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts. With Table of Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. 4d. Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 Woodcuts. Index. 1895, 8vo. 3d. A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp 32. Plan. 1895, 8vo. ld. -An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. By L. Fletcher. Pp. 120. With numerous Diagrams, a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index. 1895, 8vo. 6d. ‘The Student’s Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum (Natural History). [New Edition.] Pp. 33. Witha Plan of the Mineral Gallery. 1895, 8vo. 2d. An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 94. [Witha Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the Meteorites represented in the Collection.] 1844, 8vo. 6d. _An Introduction to the Study of Rocks. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 118. [With plan of the Mineral Gallery, table of Contents, and Index.] 1895, 8vo. 6d. W. H. FLOWER, Director. ‘British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, - London, S.W. December Ist, 1895,