pipet OE iy Vs CORNELL NY ERS Tye LIBRARY Date Due 7 23233G Cornell University Library “TN 924 CATALOGUE OF THE LIZARDS BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). SECOND EDITION, BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER. VOLUME III. LACERTIDA, GERRHOSAURIDA, SCINCIDA, ANELYTROPIDA, DIBAMIDA, CHAM ALEONTIDA. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1887. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. ad http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024782140 INTRODUCTION. In the present volume, which concludes the account of the Lizards, the species of the families Lacertidee, Gerrhosauride, Scincide, Anelytropide, Dibamide, and Chameleontide are described. The following tables show the increase in the number of species known, and of species and specimens represented in the British Museum, since the publication of the last general works on the subject. Number of Species characterized Families. by Dum. & Bibr. by Gray. in present volume. Lacertide........... 43 57 97 Gerrhosauride ...... 6 9 15 Scincide............ 87 132 373 Anelytropide ........ 1 2 Dibamide .......... 1 1 2 Chameleontide ...... 14 18 i 49 Total ...... 152 219 542 | Number of Species and Specimens in the British Museum in 1845. 1886. Species. Specimens. Species. Specimens. Lacertide ........ 34 136 83 1215 Gerrhosauride .... 5 7 13 70 Scincide ........ 103 390 291 2340 Anelytropide ... 2 5 4 11 Dibamidw ...... _ 9 cates 1 8 Chameleontide .. 18 61 41 285 Total.. 162 599 433 3929 vi INTRODUCTION. In an “ Appendix ” the accessions to the Collection are enumerated that have been made since the publication of the two preceding volumes, as well as the additions to the literature, thus bringing the work up to date. The total number of species of Lizards regarded as well established amounts to 1616. 1206 are in the British Museum, represented by 9820 specimens. With the object of rendering the account of the Lacertide and Scincide more perfect, I have devoted a month to the examination of the specimens in the Berlin Museum. I beg to express my best thanks to Prof. E. von Martens, not only for giving me access to the rich collection under his charge, but for much personal kindness. I am also deeply indebted to my friend Dr. J. von Bedriaga for the communication of advanced proof-sheets of the work on the genus Lacerta, which he has recently published, as well as for other assistance which I received from him whilst preparing my revision of that genus. My friends Dr. Boettger and M. F. Lataste have, as usual, most kindly granted all my requests for the loan of specimens, and besides I am indebted to them for much valuable ‘information. Among the many others who have kindly assisted me in the preparation of this work, through loan, exchange, or gift of specimens, I must specially mention Dr. A. Strauch, Prof, L. Vaillant, Marquis G. Doria, Prof. H. Giglioli, Dr. L. Camerano, M. L. Dollo, and M. A. Bavay. G. A. BOULENGER. Department of Zoology, ~ December 17, 1886. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. LACERTILIA. ; Subord. I. LACERTILIA VERA (continued). Fam. 16. Laczertipa. Page 1. Tachydromus, Daud...... 3 1. sexlineatus, Daud....... 4 la. smaragdinus, Blgr. .. 509 2. tachydromoides, Schleg.. 5 3. amurensis, Pérs......... 6 2. Poromera, Blgr.......... 6 1. fordii, Hallow. ........ 6 3. Gastropholis, Fisch. ...... i 1, vittata, Fisch.......... 7 4, Lacerta, Z...........00. 8 1. echinata, Cope ........ 11 2. ocellata, Daud. ........ 12 8. viridis, Laur... 0.02... 14 4. princeps, Blanf......... 18 5. Valig, £ ak te e File Pee 19 6. parva, Blgr. ee... eee. 22 7. vivipara, Jacg.......... 23 8. praticola, Eversm. ...... 25 9, taurica, Pall, .......... 26 10. peloponnesiaca, Bibr.... 27 11. muralis, Zawr. ........ 28 12. depressa, Cam. ........ 34 13. dugesii, I-Edw. ...... 35 14. oxycephala, D. § B..... 36 15. danfordii, Gthr......... 37 16. brandtii, De Fil. ...... 38 17. levis, Gray..... 2... eee 39 18. jayakari, Blgr. ........ 40 19. galloti, D. G B......... 41 20. atlantica, Ptrs. & Doria. 42 21. perspicillata,;D.G B.... 48 5, Algiroides, Bibr. ........ 43 1. nigropunctatus, D.§ B.. 44 2. moreoticus, Bibr. ...... 45 3. fitzingeri, Wiegm....... 45 6. Psammodromus, Fitz. .... 46 1, hispanicus, Fitz........ 47 2. blanci, Lataste ........ 48 3. microdactylus, Bttg..... 49 4, algirus, Dre, scsi coset 50 7. Tropidosaura, Fitz. ...... 50 1. montana, D. § B....... 51 . Page 8. Nucras, Gray .......... 52 1. tessellata, Smith........ 62 2. delalandii, M.-Edw. .... 53 9. Latastia, Bedr........... 54 1, longicaudata, Reuss .... 55 . 2. boscee, Bed. ... 2... 56 8. carinata, Pirs........... 56 4. spinalis, Pirs........... 57 10. Acanthodactylus, Wiegm. . 58 1. boskianus, Daud. ...... 59 2. cantoris, Gthr. ........ 60 8. syriacus, Bitg. ........ 61 4. schreiberi, Blgr......... 62 5. micropholis, Blanf. .... 63 6. savignyi, Aud. ........ 63 7. scutellatus, Aud. ...... 64 8. pardalis, Licht. ........ 65 9. vulgaris, D. § B....... 67 10. tristrami, Gédr......... 68 11. Cabrita, Gray Sic hath Renate 69 1. leschenaultii, M.-Edw... 70 2. jerdonii, Bedd. ........ 71 38. chaperi, Sauvg. ........ 71 12, Ophiops, Mén. .......... 72 l. jerdonii, Blyth ........ 73 2. beddomii, Jerd......... 74. - 3, occidentalis) Blgr....... 75 4. elegans, Mén........... 75 5. schlueteri, Bttg......... 77 6. microlepis, Blanf....... 77 13. Ichnotropis, Pirs......... 78 1. capensis, Smith ........ 78 2, squamulosa, Ptrs. ...... 79 14, Eremias, Wieym. ........ 80 1. nitida, Gthr. ... 6... .00, 83 2. spekii, Gthr. .......... 84 3. lugubris, Smith ........ 84 4, brenneri, Pirs.......... 86 5. pardaloides, Blanf. . 87 6. guttulata, Licht........ 87 7. brevirostris, Blanf...... 89 8. rubropunctata, Licht.... 89 9. suborbitalis, Ptrs. ...... 90 10. namaquensis, Smith .... 91 11. undata, Smith ........ 92 12. pulchella, Gray........ 93 13. lineo-ocellata, D. & B... 94 14, burchellii, D. § B. .... 96 viii SYSTEMATIC INDEX, Page A Page 15. capensis, Snuth ...... 96 3. dorsalis, Pérs. ........ 136 16. velox, Pall. .......... 97 4, major, Gray........+- 137 17. fasciata, Blanf........ 99 5. striolata, Ptrs......... 138 18. intermedia, Strauch.... 100 6. kingii, Gray........-. 138 19. arguta, Pall........... 101 7. cunninghami, Gray.... 189 20, argus, Pirs, .. 2.0... 102 | +8. stokesiil, Gray ........ 140 21. multiocellata, Gthr..... 103 9. depressa, Gthr........ 141 22. quadrifrons, Strauch .. 105 2. Corucia, Gray........-- 141 23. przewalskii, Strauch .. 105 1. zebrata, Gray_........ 142 24. vermiculata, Blanf..... 106 3. Trachysaurus, Gray .... 142 15. Scapteiva, Weeym. ...... 107 1. rugosus, Gray ........ 1438 1. knoxii, M.-Eilw....... 109 4, Tiliqua, Gray .........- 148 2. depressa, Merr........ 110 1. gigas, Schneid......... 144 3. serripes, Pirs. ........ lil 2, scincoides, White...... 145 4. reticulata, Bocage .... 112 3. nigrolutea, Gray ...... 146 5. scripta, Strauch ...... 112 4, occipitalis, Pérs. ....7. 147 G6. grammica, Licht....... 118 5. adelaidensis, Pirs. .... 148 7. aentirostris, Blgr. .... 114 | 5. Hemispheriodon, Pérs... 148 8. ctenodactyla, Smith .. 115 1. gerrardii, Gray........ 148 9. cuneirostris, Strauch .. 116 6. Macroscineus, Bocaye.... 149 16. Aporosaura, Blgr. ...... 117 1. coctei, D. § B. ...... 149 1. anchietz, Bocage...... 117 7, Mabuia, Fitz. oo. 6.0.00. 150 17. Holaspis, Gray ........ 118 1. fogoensis, O’Sh. ...... 157 1. guentheri, Gray ...... 118 2. stangeri, Gray........ 157 8. delalandii, D. § B..... 158 Fam. 17. GERRHOSAURIDA. 4, vaillantii, Blgr........ 159 1. Gerrhosaur . 5. punctata, Gray ...... 160 Leatidee Seaith wT Tay |G: Sechellensis, D. § B. .. 161 2. major, A. Dum... ROL |) Cerne Gt cep sa 162 3. nigrolineatus, Hallow... 122 8. aureopunctata, Grand. 162 4, flavigularis, Wiegm.... 122 9. comorensis, Pérs....... 163 5. typicus, Smith ........ 123 10. maculilabris, Gray .... 164 2. Tetradactylus, Merr..... 124 11. raddonii, Gray........ 165 Teepe ida tack a 124 |. 12. affinis, Gray ........ 166 2. tetradactylus, Lacép. .. 125 13. depressa, Pérs......... 166 3. africanus, Gray ...... 125 14, planifrons, Pérs. ...... 167 3. Cordylosaurus, Gray .... 126 15. socotrana, Pir. ...... 168 1. trivittatus, Pérs....... 126 16. perrotetil, D. § B. ..., 168 2. subtessellatus, Smith .. 126 if ireatoollte, Wiegm. .... 169 4. Zonosaurus, Blgr. ...... 127 18. homalocephala, Wiegm. 170 1, madagascariensis, Gray. 127 19. gruetzneri, Pérs. ...... 171 2, ornatus, Gray ........ 128 20, taitana, Pérs. ........ 171 -8. vufipes, Bttg.... 20.604, 128 21, bensonii, Pirs......... 172 quadrilineatus, Grand... 127 se boettgeri, Bigr. ...... 173 laticaudus, Grand. .... 127 23. bibronii, Gray ......., 173 karsteni, Grand. ...... 127 | 24 doriee, Bigr........... 174 eneus, Grand......... 127 25. dissimilis, Hallow... .. 175 5. Tracheloptychus, Pérs. .. 129 26. vittata, QMO 2+ -s as 176 1. madagascariensis, Ptrs.. 129 27. septemtzniata, Reuss .. 177 2, petersii, Grand. -..... 130 | 28: imnotata, Blanf. ...... 178 29, novemecarinata, And. .. 179 Fam. 18. Scrncrpz. 30. beddomii, Jerd. ....., 179 a E : 3l. vertebralis, Blgr....... 180 . Egernia, Gray.......... 134 382. carinata, Schn......... 181 1. luctuosa, Pérs......... 135 33. macularia, Blyth ...... 189 2. whitii, Lacép. ........ 185 34, brevis, Gthr... 6.6... 183 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 1x Page 85. rugifera, Sto. ........ 184 36. multicarinata, Gray yo . 185 87. multifasciata, Kuhl... 186 88. tytleri, Blgr. ........ 187 39, rudis, Blgr. oo... 6.64. 188 40, siamensis, Gthr. ...... 188 41. longicaudata, Hallow... 189 42. aurata, Schn.... 1.6... 189 43, agilis, Raddi......... . 190 44, dorsivittata, Cope .... 192 46. alliacea, Cope ........ 193 46. sloanii, Daud. ........ 193 47. frenata, Cope ........ 194 48, megalura, Pirs. ...... 195 49. trivittata, Cuv. ...... 195 50. occidentalis, Pirs....... 196 51, ivensii, Bocage........ 197 62. quinqueteniata, Licht... 198 53. lacertiformis, Ptrs. .... 199 54, elegans, Pirs. ........ 199 55. gravenhorstii, D.§ B... 200 56, bayonii, Bocage ...... 201 57. isselii, Ptrs........... 201 58. varia, Pérs. .......... 202 59. bocagii, Blgr. ........ 208 60. chimbana, Blgr. ...... 204 61. punctulata, Bocage . 204 62. striata, Pirs........... 204 63. wablbergii, Ptrs....... 205 64, sulcata, Pir's........... 206 65. hildebrandtii, Pérs. .... 207 66. acutilabris, Pérs....... 208 ceesius, Kuhl.......... 150 punctata, Tschudi 150 bilineatus, Grand. 150 longicaudatus, dnd..... 150 sakalava, Grand. ...... 150 aureogularis, F. Mill. .. 150 8. Tyamonl, Gray .....4., » 209 1. lesueurii, D. § B. 225 2. dorsale, Blgr. ........ 226 3. leew, Blgr.... 2... eee. 226 4, teniolatum, White .... 227! 5. fischeri, Blgr. ........ 228 6. strauchii, Blgr. ...... 229 7. labillardierii, Gray .... 220 8. quoyi, D. § B......... 230 9. tenue, Gray .......... 231 10. murrayi, Blgr......... 232 Il. pallidum, Gthr. ...... 23: 12. minutum, Meyer ...... 233 13. isolepis, Blgr. ........ 234 14. elegantulum, Ptrs.§ Doria 235 14a. solomonis, Blgr....... 510 14b. woodfordii, Blgr. .... 511 15. richardsonii, Gray .... 235 VOL, ITI. Page 16. fasciolatum, Gthr, .... 236 17. monotropis, Bigr....... 237 18. fasciatum, Gray ...... 237 19. undulatum, Pers. § Doria 238 20. rufum, Blgr ee Wad tN 3 239 21. maindroni, Saw. .... 289 22, consobrinum, Ptrs.§ Dor. 240 23. jagorii, Pirs........... 240 24, indicum, Gray........ 241 25, maculatum, Blyth ..., 242 sanctum, D.§ B....... 243 26. dussumieri, D. § B..... 248 27. melanopogon, D. § B.. . 244 , 28. nigrilabre, Gthr. ...... 246 29. simum, Sawg......... 245 29a, concinnatum, Bigr.. . 511 30, variegatum, Pérs....... 246 31. jobiense, Meyer ...... 247 32. acutum, Pirs. ........ 248 33. cumingii, Gray ...... 249 34, smaragdinum, Less..... 250 35. olivaceum, Gray...... 251 36. vittatum, Fdel......... 252 387. anolis, Blgr. oo... 06.6. 253 38. virens, Pirs.......... . 254 39. semperi, Ptrs. ......., 254 40. pulchellum, Gray . 254 41. vulcanium, Gir. ...,.. 255 42, noctua, Less....5...... 256 43, sikkimense, Blyth . 257 44, himalayanum, Githr. .. 257 . ladacense, Gthr. ...... 258 46, bilineatum, Gray...... 259 47. laterimaculatum, Bigr... 260 48. beddomii, Blgr. ...... 261 49. travancoricum, Bedd, .. 261 50. nitens, Pi's........4.. 262 51. laterale, Say.......... 263 52. assatum, Cope ........ 264 53, macrotympanum, Stol... 265 54. macrotis, Sédchr....... 265 55. africanum, Gray ...... 265 56. reichenovii, Pérs....... 266 57. mustelinum, OSA, .... 267 58. challengeri, Blgr....... 268 59, cupreum, Gray ...... 268 60. lichenigerum, O’SA..... 269 61. nigrofasciolatum, Ptrs. 270 62. telfairii, Desj. . 270 63. grande, Gray ........ 271 64. moco, D. §& B......... 272 65. lineo-ocellatum,.A.Dum, 273 66, infrapunctatum, Bigr... 274 67. smithii, Gray ........ 274 68. eneum, Gar........... 275 . entrecasteauxli, D. § B. 276 b SYSTEMATIC INDEX. x Page 70. tricolor, Bavay ........ 277 71. variabile, Bavay ...... 277 72. austro-caledonicum, Ba- VOY x6 setae pace nas 278 73. trilineatum, Gray...... 279 74. metallicum, O’'SA. .... 280 75. guichenoti, D. § B..... 281 76. pretiosum, O’Sh....... 282 77. ocellatum, Gray ...... 283 78. fuscum, D. § B. ...... 283 79, rhomboidale, Pérs. .... 285 80. beccarii, Pirs. § Doria 285 81. albertisii, Ptrs. § Doria 286 82. peronii, D.§ B. ...... 286 83. pectorale, DeVis ...... 287 84. tetradactylum, O'SA. .. 288 85. mundum, De Vis...... 288 foliorum, De Vis ...... 289 86. novee-guinese, Meyer .. 289 87. cyanurum, Less. ...... 299 88. mivarti, Blgr. ........ 292 89. cyanogaster, Less. .... 292 90. samoense, A, Dum..... 298 91. callistictum, Piérs. § DONG 6 weicarnavin 3 295 92. atrocostatum, Less. .... 295 93. baudinii, D. § B....... 296 94. singaporense, Stdcehr. .. 297 95. nigrum, Hombr. & Jacg. 297 96, adspersum, Stdchr. .... 298 97. parietale, Pirs. ...... 299 98. jerdonianum, Sto/, 3800 99. breviceps, Ptrs. ...... 300 100. microlepis, D. & B..... 301 101. garnieri, Bavay ...... 301 102. albofasciolatum, Gthr... 302 103. rufescens, Shaw ...... 803 104. durum, Cope.......... 304 105. fernandi, Burt......... 304 106. leviceps, Ptrs......... 805 107. modestum, Githr....... 806 108, guineense, Ptrs. ...... 306 109, sundevallii, Smith 307 110. bowringii, Gthr. ...... 308 111. albopunctatum, Gray .. 309 112. punctatum, Z......... 310 118. guentheri, Ptrs. ...... 311 114. cyanellum, Stol. ...... 312 115. anguinum, Theobd. 313 116. calamus, Blgr......... 314 117, lineolatum, Stol. ...... 314 118. vosmaeri, Gray ...... 315 119. lineatum, Gray ...... 316 120, anchiete, Bocage...... 316 C AX 121. ormatum, Gray........ 817 122. deplanchii, Bavay. .... 318 123. 124, 125. 126. 127. 128. 129, 180. 131. 132. 188. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 189. 140. 141. 142. 148. 144, 1465, 146. 147. 148. 149, 150. 151. 152. 153. 154, 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. Page chinense, Gray.......- 313 pellopleurum, Hallow... 319 taprobanense, Kelaart .. 319 follaxs Piss os vei 4 320 temminckii, D. § B. .. 321 branchiale, Gthr....... 321 casuarine, D. & B..... 322 australe, Gray ........ 323 punctulatum, Pérs..... 324 crassicauda, 4. Dum... 325 pumilum, Blgr. ...... 825 peronii, £7tz. «2.1... 326 decresiense, Fvtz....... 327 quadrilineatum, D. § B. infralineolatum, Gth.. . quadrivittatum, Pérs. .. 329 scutirostrum, Pérs. .... 330 marie, Bavay ........ 330 gracile, Bavay ........ 331 zequale, Gray ........ 332 microtis, Gray........ 333 bougainvillii, Gray .... fragile, Gthr. gerrardil, Gray........ 335 punctatovittatum, Gthr. 3385 lineopunctulatum, D. & Bir Gr aorakoes 6 wma setae & 336 miopus, Gthr. ........ 337 bipes, Fisch. .......... 337 prepeditum, Bigr. .... 337 muelleri, Sehleg. ...... 338 isodactylum, Gthr. .... 339 chalcides, Z........... 340 reticulatum, Gthr. ..., 341 sumatrense, Gthr. 342 verreauxii, A. Dum. .. 342 truncatum, Pérs....... 343 ophioscincus, Blgr...., 348 formosa, Blyth........ 209 undosa, Gar. ........6. 209 fasciolaris, Gir, ...... 209 atrocostata, Macleay 209 pardalis, Maeleay...... 209 nigricaudis, Macleay .. 209 fragile, Macleay ...... 209 metallicus, Macleay... . guttulatus, Macleay... . S. Ablepharus, Fitz. ...... 344 1. boutonii, Deg......... 346 2. lineo-ocellatus, D. § B. 348 3. teniopleurus, Pirs. .... 849 4. ?speciosus, Hallow..... 349 5. greyi, Gray .......... 349 6. wahlbergii, Smzth . 350 7. brandtii, Strauch ....., 351 8. grayanus, Stol......... 352 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 9. seneus, Cove .......... 852 10. cabinde, Bocage ...... 352 11. bivittatus, Mén. ...... 353 12. deserti, Strauch ...... 353 13. pannonicus, Fitz....... 354 14. elegans, Gray ........ 855 15. muelleri, Fisch. ...... 356 16. lineatus, Gray ........ 306 10. Ristella, Gray .......... 356 1. rurkil, Gray. ......... 357 2. travancorica, Bedd..... 358 3. guentheri, Bigr. ...... 358 4. beddomii, Blgr. ...... 359 11. Tropidophorus, D. § B... 359 1. leucospilus, Pérs....... 360 2. beccarli, Pts. ........ 360 3. brookii, Gray ........ 361 4. berdmorii, Blyth ...... 362 5. yunnanensis, Bigr. .... 862 6. sinicus, Bttg. ........ 362 7. cochinchinensis, D. § B. 363 8. grayi, Gthr. oo... oe. 364 12. Tribolonotus, D. §& B..... 364 1. novee-guinez, Schleg, .. 365 13. Eumeces, Wiegm. ...... 365 1. longirostris, Cope...... 368 2. guttulatus, Hallow. .... 369 3. quinquelineatus, Z..... 369 4. sumichrasti, Cope 371 5. marginatus, Hallow.... 371 6. elegans, Blgr. ........ 371 7. capito, Bocowt ...... 372 8. skiltonianus, B. & G... 373 9. hallowellii, Bocourt.... 373 10. obsoletus, B. G G. .... 874 11. septentrionalis, Baird .. 374 12. chinensis, Gray ...... 375 18. tetracrammus, Baird ., 375 14, pluvialis, Cope........ 376 15. anthracinus, Baird .... 376 16. brevilineatus, Cope .... 376 17, pachyurus, Cope ...... 377 18. Tamil, Blgr. 2.2.25. 377 19. leptogrammus, Baird .. 378 20. callicephalus, Bocourt.. 3878 21. bellii, Gray .......... 378 22. brevirostris, Gthr. 3879 23. lynxe, Wiegm. ........ 3380 24. onocrepis, Cope. ...... 380 egregius, Baird ...... 381 25, quadrilineatus, Blyth .. 381 26. schwartzii, Fisch. 382 27. scutatus, Theob. ...... 382 28. teeniolatus, Blyth...... 383 29. schneideri, Daud. 383 80. algeriensis, Pirs....... 384 xl Page 31. blythianus, And. ...... 885 multivirgatum, Hallow . 865 inornatus, Baird ...... 365 14. Brachymeles, D. § B..... 386 1. schadenbergii, Fisch. .. 386 2. gracilis, Fisch. ........ 387 3. bicolor, Gray ........ 388 4. bonite, D.§ Bo ...... 388 15. Scincus, Law. .......... 389 1. fasciatus, Pérs......... 390 2. hemprichii, Wiegm..... 390 3. officinalis, Zaur. ...... 391 4. conirostris, Blanf. .... 391 . 5. arenarius, Murray .... 892 : 6, muscatensis, Murray .. 892 7. meccensis, Wiegm. .... 392 8. mitranus, And......... 393 16. Ophiomorus, D. § B..... 393 I. tridactylus, Blyth .... 894 2. blanfordii, Blgr. . .... 3895 3. brevipes, Blunf. ...... 395 4. persicus, Stdehr. ...... 896 5, punctatissimus, Bibr. .. 897 6. latastii, Blgr. 6... 0. 398 P pentadactylus, Bedd. .. 893 17. Chalcides, Law. ........ 398 1. ocellatus, Forsk. ...... 400 2. viridanus, Gravh....... 402 3. bedriagee, Boscd ...... 402 4. lineatus, Leuck. ...... 403 5. tridactylus, Laur, .... 408 6. guentheri, Blgr. ...... 404 7, mionecton, Bitg....... 405 8. mauritanicus, D. & B... 405 9. sphenopsiformis,4d.Dum. 406 10. delislii, Zataste ...... 407 11. sepoides, dud......... 407 18. Scelotes, Fits.-.......... 408 1. bojeri, Desgj. ......... » 409 2. astrolabi, D.§ B....... 410 3. polleni, Grand......... 410 4, melanopleura, Gthr. 411 5. igneocaudatus, Grand. . 412 G6. capensis, Smith ...... 412 7. tridactylus, Blgr....... 413 8. Peaffer, Pirs. ........ 413 9. bipes, LZ. ............ 414 10. guentheri, Blgr. ...... 414 11. inornatus, Smith ...... 415 12. arenicola, Ptrs......... 415 13. bicolor, Smith ........ 416 ? fierinensis, Grand. .... 408 P mouroundave, Grand. . 408 occidentalis, Pirs. .... 408 19. Herpetoseps, Blgr....... 416 1. anguinus, Blgr. ...... 416 xii SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 20. Sepsina, Bocage ........ 417 1. gastrosticta, O'S. .... 418 2. splendida, Grand. . 418 3. macrocercus, Gthr..... 419 4, melanura, Githr. ...... 419 5. johanne, Gthr. ...... 420 6. tetradactyla, Pirs. .... 420 7. copii, Bocage ........ 421 8. angolensis, Bocage .... 421 9. grammica, Cope ...... 421 10. bayonii, Bocage ...... 422 21. Melanoseps, Blgr. ...... 422 J. ater, Gthr. oo. cece 422 22. Sepophis, Bedd. ........ 423 1. punctatus, Bedd..... 423 23, Chalcidoseps, Blgr....,.. 423 1. thwaitesti, Gthr....... 423 24, Acontias, Cuv........... 424 1. burtonii, Giray........ 425 2. monodactylus, Gray .. 425 3. layardii, Kelaart ...... 426 4. holomelas, Gthr....... 426 5. hildebrandtii, Pérs..... 427 6. meleagris, Z. ........ 427 7. plumbeus, Bianc....... 428 8. lineatus, Pérs. ........ 428 9 grayi, Blgr. ......6 5 428 rubrocaudatus, Grand. . 424 25. Typhlacontias, Bocage .. 429 Pygomeles, Girand......... 1. punctatissimus, Bocage . 429 429 braconnieri, Grand..... 429 Fam. 19. ANELYTROPID2. 1, Anelytropsis, Cope ...... 450 1. papillosus, Cope ...... 431 2. Feylinia, Gray ..... wees. 481 1. currori, Gray ........ 431 3. Typhlosaurus, Wiegm..... 432 1. lineatus, Blgr......... 432 2. aurantiacus, Ptrs. 433 8. ceecus, Civ. ...-..6. ; . 434 4, vermis, Blgr. ........ 434 Fam. 20. Dipamipz. 1, Dibamus, D. §& B......... 435 1. novee-guinee, D. & B. . 435 2. nicobaricus, Sidchr..... 485 Ophiopsiseps, Blgr....... 436 nasutus, Bocage ........ 436 Subord. II. RHIPTOGLOSSA. Fam. 21. CHAMLEONTID&. Page \-1. Chameleon, Laur. .....- 438 4p1. vulgaris, Daud. ...... 443 9. calcarifer, Ptrs. ...... 444 3. calcaratus, Merr....... 445 4, calyptratus, 4. Dum... 446 5. basiliseus, Cope ...... 446 6. senegalensis, Daud. .... 447 T. gracilis, Hallow ...... 448 8. parvilobus, Blgr....... 449 449, dilepis, Leach ........ 450 10. monachus, Gray ...... 451 11. biteeniatus, Fisch. 452 12. anchiete, Bocage...... 45°. 13. lateralis, Gray........ 450 14. verrucosus, Cuv. ...... 454 15. pardalis, Cuv. ......-- 454 16, cephalolepis, Gthr. .... 455 17. rhinoceratus, Gray .... 456 18. labordii, Grand. .,... 456 19. melanocephalus, yb 457 20. gutturalis, Smuth WF... 457 21. teenivbronchus, Smith... 458 22. pumilus, Daud. ....., 458 23. ventralis, Gray....... * 459 24, damaranus, Bigr....... 460 25, tigris, Kuhl .......... 461 26, affinis, Gray.........- 461 27. namaquensis, Smith .. 462 28. bifidus, Brongn. ...... 463 29. minor, Gthr........6.- 464 30. furcifer, Vaill. § Grand. 464 31. campani, Grand. ...... 465 82. antimena, Grand...... 465 33. globifer, Gthr.......,. 405 34, parsonsii, Cuv......... 466 35. oshaughnessyi, Githr. .. 467 brevicornis, Gthr. 467 3 . malthe, Gthr. ........ 468 38. cucullatus, Gray...... 469 39. owenii, Gray ........ 470 40. montium, Buchh....... 470 41. cristatus, Stutchd. 471 42, melleri, Gray ........ 472 43, nasutus, D. § B....... 473 44, callus, Gthr... 6... 6... 473 2. Brookesia, Gray ........ 474 1. superciliaris, Kuhl. ..... 474 2. ebenaui, Bttg........... 475 3. nasus, Blgr. .... 2... 475 8. Rhampholeon, Gthr....... 475 1, kerstenii, Pirs. ......., 475 2. spectrum, Buchh, %%) CATALOGUE OF LIZARDS. Order LACERTILIA (continued) ; Suborder I. LACERTILIA VERA (continued). Fam. 16. LACERTIDA. Lacertiens, part., Cuvier, Regne Anim, ii. 1817. Lacertinide, Gray, Ann. Phil. (2) x. 1825, and Phil. Mag. (2) ii. 1827, : Trachydromoidea, part., Lacertoidea, Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept. 1826. a Autarchoglosse pleurodontes, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph, 1830. Lacertx, part., Wiegmann, Herp. Mex. 1834. - Lacertiens ccelodontes, Duméril §& Bibron, Erp, Gén. v. 1889. Lacertinide, Zonuride, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. 1845. Holaspide, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 152. Lacertide, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864. Lacertidx, Boulenger, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884. Tongue flat, elongate, bifid in front and behind, covered with rhomboidal scale-like papille or overlapping plicee converging for- wards. Dentition strictly pleurodont, the teeth hollow at the base; lateral teeth bi- or tricuspid ; pterygoids frequently toothed. Premaxillary bone single; nasal and frontal double; parietal Vou. III. v 3 é 2 LACERTID. single ; postorbital and postfrontotemporal arches complete ; inter- orbital septum and columella cranii well developed ; palatines and pterygoids separated on the median line. Skull with bony dermal plates, roofing over the supratemporal fosse. Limbs well developed, pentadactyle. Clavicle dilated and per- forated proximally ; interclavicle cruciform. Tail long, fragile. Pupil round. Eyelids well developed. Ear-opening distinct. Femoral pores usually present. Head with symmetrical shields; those on the upper surface are (normally) a frontonasal, a pair of prefrontals, a frontal, two to four supraoculars, a pair of frontoparietals, a pair of parietals, an interparietal, and an occipital. The latter shield is absent in many species, and so are the frontoparietals in the genus Holaspis. Dorsal scales juxtaposed or imbricate, usually smaller than the ventrals, which form longitudinal and transverse series, Inhabit Europe, Asia, and Africa; absent from Madagascar. Most abundantly represented in Africa ; few in the East Indies. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Frontal plate separated from the interparietal by a pair of fronto- parietals; tail not much depressed. A. Nostril above the first labial, from which it is separated, if at all, by a narrow rim; transparent palpebral disk, if present, considerably smaller than the eye. 1. Inguinal, but no femoral pores 1. Tachydromus, p. 3. 2, Femoral pores. a, Ventral plates keeled .... 2. Poromera, p. 6. b. Ventrals smooth. Collar well marked; dorsal scales much smaller than caudals ; digits not fringed laterally, not keeled inferiorly. 4, Lacerta, p. 8. Collar well marked; dorsal scales nearly as large as caudals, strongly imbricate; digits not fringed laterally, not keeled infe- TIOTLY yeaah aed els vate wis caa be SES 5. Algiroides, p. 43. Collar very indistinct or absent; digits not fringed laterally. 6. Psammodromus, p. 46. Collar well marked ; digits not fringed laterally, keeled inferiorly, 9. Latastia, p. 54, Collar more or less distinct; digits fringed laterally and keeled NOTION Y wigs edareniewMaeanlek ers 10. Acanthodactylus, p.58. 1. TacHYDROMUS. 3 B. Nostril well separated from the labials. 1. Lower eyelid scaly or with a small transparent disk. a. Digits smooth or indistinctly keeled inferiorly, not fringed laterally. Collar well marked; ventral plates keeled. 3. Gastropholis, p. 7. Collar absent ; dorsal scales large, imbricate, strongly keeled. 7. Tropidosaura, p. 50. Collar well marked ; dorsal scales small; ventral plates smooth. 8. Nucras, p. 52. 6. Digits distinctly keeled inferiorly, not fringed laterally. Collar absent ; dorsal scales large, imbricate, strongly keeled. 13. Ichnotropis, p. 78. Collar more or less distinct; dorsal scales small. 14, Eremias, p. 80. c. Digits fringed laterally. Femoral pores .....0 cece eee eee 15 Scapteira, p. 107. No femoral pores ............005. 16. Aporosaura, p. 117. 2, Lower eyelid with a very large transparent disk covering nearly entirely the eye; digits strongly keeled infe- riorly. Lower eyelid movable ............ 11. Cabrita, p. 69. Lower eyelid united with the upper.. 12. Ophiops, p. 72. II. No frontoparietals; tail much depressed and denticulated late- PAY cay aecs ee nedy arene ours 17. Holaspis, p. 118. 1. TACHYDROMUS. Tachydromus, Daud. Rept. iii. p. 251; Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 157; Weegm. Herp. Mex. p.10; Dum. & Bibr.v. p. 155; Gray, Cat. LInz, p. 52; Giiinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 69; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. Tachysaurus, Gray, J. ¢. Head-shields normal *. Nostril pierced between two nasals and the first labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar more or less distinct. Back covered with large, rhomboidal, keeled shields forming longi- * I. e. a frontonasal, a pair of preefrontals, a frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, - a pair of parietals, an interparietal, and an occipital. ‘ B 4 LACERTIDZ, tudinal series ; flanks granular ; ventral shields rhomboidal, imbri- cate, all or part keeled. Digits subcylindrical, with smooth, tuber- cular subdigital lamelle, the distal of which is much enlarged. Inguinal pores; no femoral pores. Tail extremely long, eylin- drical. Eastern Asia ; Japan; Indian archipelago. Synopsis of the Species. First large supraocular in contact with the loreal; temporal scales strongly, dorsals very strongly keeled ...... 1. sevlineatus, p. 4 A small shield between the supraocular and the loreal; temporal scales ob- ; tusely, dorsals very strongly keeled. 2. tachydromoides, p. 5. A small shield between the supraocular and the loreal; temporal scales smooth, dorsals moderately keeled .. 3. anwwrensis, p. 6. 1. Tachydromus sexlineatus. Tachydromus sexlineatus, Gray, Cat. p. 52. Tachydromus sexlineatus, Daud. Rept. iii. p. 356, pl. xxxix.; Brongn. Mém. Sav. Etr. Ac. Paris, i, 1806, p. 627, pl. ii. fig. 8; Dum. & Bibr.v. p. 158; Hallow, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 495; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 69, pl. viii. fig. C; Stoliczha, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xii. 1872, p. 87. quadrilineatus, Daud. J. c. p. 252. —— ocellatus (Cuv.), Guér. Icon. R, A., Rept. pl. v. fig. 3; Duvern. R. A., Rept. pl. xi. —— typus, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 389. sexlineatus, var. eeneofuscus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 405. —— meridionalis, Ginth. 1. e. p. 70, pl. viii. fig. D. Supraoculars in contact with the supraciliaries ; the large anterior supraocular in contact with the loreal; temporal scales strongly keeled. Six or eight longitudinal series of strongly keeled shields on the nape, four on the back, median pair largest; ten or twelve longitudinal series of strongly keeled ventral shields (lateral series included). One or two (to six, according to Stoliczka) inguinal pores on each side. Greenish or brownish above, with metallic gloss ; a more or less distinct whitish, black-edged streak from the supraciliary edge along each side of the back to the base of the tail ; the black band bordering the light streak inferiorly begins on the loreal region and passes through the eye and above the tympanum ; sometimes two narrow black lateral lines instead of the black band ; sides frequently with small round light spots ; lower surfaces yellowish or greenish. 1. TACHYDROMUS. 5 millim. millim Total length ........ 346 Fore limb ,..... 23 Had 6.6 ses eens 15 Hind limb .... 32 Width of head ....... 8 PALL sisieaseeera ess 285 Body secede ae ws 46 Southern China, Sikkim, Khasia Hills, Assam, Burma, Cochin- china, Java, Borneo; Japan ? a-d, Ad. 8. China. J. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. (Types of T. meridionals. e-h, Ad. Khasia Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 7-1. Ad. Rangoon, Burma. m,n-0,p-r, Ad, Java. s. Ad. Borneo. Leyden Museum. tu, v. Ad. Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. wx, Ad. Matang, Borneo. 2. Tachydromus tachydromoides. Tachysaurus japonicus, Gray, Cat. p. 52. oo Gi ac Schleg. Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 101, pl. i. gs. 5-7. Tachydromus japonicus, Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 161; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 69; Hilgendorf, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1880, p. 112. —— septentrionalis, Giinth. 1. e. p. 70, pl. viii. fig, E. —— hanghtonianus, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 72; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 156; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xli. 1872, p. 88. —— wolteri, Fischer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. ii, 1885, p. 82. Head shorter than in 7. sexlineatus. A series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; asmall shield separates the | large anterior supraccular from the loreal; temporal scales obtusely keeled. Dorsal shields very variable in number and in size, very strongly keeled ; they usually form six to eight series, of which the median are as a rule the smallest ; sometimes only five series on the posterior half of the body; eight or ten series of large ventrals, which are either all strongly keeled or only the outer rows; two to four longitudinal rows of smaller keeled shields on each side of the ventrals. One or two inguinal pores on each side. Greenish or brownish above, with or without a light black-edged dorso-lateral band as in 7. sevlineatus; a more or less distinct light streak from below the eye to the shoulder, sometimes extending along the side of the body ; lower surfaces yellowish or greenish. millim, millim Total length ...... 273 Fore limb ........ 25 Head............ 15 Hind limb........ 33 Width of head .... 10 Pails cies teresa wad 210 Body ...... e022 0s 48 : Japan, Corea, China, Assam, 6 LACERTIDE. a, Ad. Japan. Leyden Museum. b-c, Ad. Japan. Dr. F. Hilgendorf [P.]. d. Yg. Yokohama. H.M.S, ‘ Challenger.’ e. Ad. Chemulpo, Corea. Dr. J. G. Fischer. (Type of T. woltert.) conalis.) “g. Ad. & her. Ningpo. Types of T. septentrionalis. es Ad. i Nini, eee Shoe, Esq. [C.]. k, Her. Nankin. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C. }. Lm. Ad, Shanghai. R. Swinhoe, aa C.). n, Ad. Kinkiang Mountains. Mr. 0. Maries [C. ]}. o. Her. 2 Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 3. Tachydromus amurensis *. Tachydromus amurensis, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr, 1881, p.71. Head and digits shorter than in the preceding. Two granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; a small shield separates the large anterior supraccular from the loreal ; temporal scales smooth. Dorsal shields moderately keeled, longer than broad, in eight longitudinal series, the two median smal] and irregular ; eight series of large ventrals, outer series feebly keeled, others smooth; gular scales all smooth ; four series of feebly keeled scales between the ventrals and the lateral granules. Three inguinal pores on each side. Olive-grey above, granular lateral zone darker; a white streak from the eye to the collar; lower surfaces whitish. millim, millim Total length ...... 148 Fore limb........ 20 ead: wah. iherhoa sens os 13 Hind limb........ 27 Width of head .... 9 OA ios, cesideae ne weds x 82 Body s.c0cccesves 53 Kissakewitsch, Amoorland. 2. POROMERA. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between two nasals (?). Collar indistinet (?). Back with large, hexagonal, keeled shields _ forming longitudinal series; flanks with small shields 3 ventral shields strongly keeled. Femoral pores. Tail very long, cylin- drical, West Africa. 1. Poromera fordii. Tachydromus fordii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857 » p. 48. A small shield between the prafrontals; a small occipital; sub- ocular bordering the lip between the fourth and fifth upper labial The dorsal as form six longitudinal complete een ted * Described from the type specimen (9869) in the Berlin Museum. 3. GASTROPHOLIS. - v4 these there are two others, which terminate about halfway down the body; six rows of ventral shields. A large prwanal shield with two small ones externally. 11 to 13 femoral pores on each side. Upper and lower caudal scales strongly keeled. Head black above; sides bluish; body bronze, with metallic reflections; tail and limbs bronze above; lower surfaces greenish, mingled with yellow. From snout to vent 50 millim. Gaboon. 3. GASTROPHOLIS. Gastropholis, Fischer, Abh, Naturw. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. —*. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between tie nasal and a postnasal. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar well marked. Dorsal scales juxtaposed; ventral shields imbricate, keeled. Digits sub- cylindrical, with smooth scales inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail long, cylindrical. East Africa. 1. Gastropholis vittata. Gastropholis vittata, Fischer, J.c. pl. i. fig. 1. Head rather strongly depressed; snout obtusely acuminate. Frontal not longer than frontoparietals; three large supraoculars, third smallest, first separated from the loreal by a small shield ; three or four granular scales between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries ; occipital shorter, but broader, than the interparietal; temple covered with uniform small flat scales; subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth upper labials. Gular scales increasing in size towards the collar, which is composed of eleven plates. Dorsal scales rather large, oval, juxtaposed, keeled. Ventrals longer than broad, the overlapping posterior border obtusely angular ; 12 longitudinal and 33 transverse series. 35 to 38 scales round the body, ventrals included. Preanal shields keeled, in two trans- verse rows, an anterior and a posterior pair largest. The hind limb reaches the elbow of the adpressed fore limb. Digits long and slender, cylindrical, bent at the articulations. 10 or 11 femoral pores on each side. Tail more than twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales strongly keeled. Pale brown above, with a white, black-edged streak along each side of the back ; upper lip and lower surfaces white ; tail white-spotted. * Quoted from a separate copy. 8 LACERTIDA. : millim. millim Total length .......... 277 From end of snout to Head sasecceevase esas 21 vont ...eeeeeeceees 82 Width of head ........ 11 Fore limb ...........% 26 From end of snout to fore Hind limb........... . 38 limb ... .... ..... 80 "PAIL errndaeees ace ances . 195 Zanzibar. a-b, Ad Zanzibar. Dr. J.G. Fischer. (Types.) 4. LACERTA. Lacerta, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 859; Dum. § Bibr. v. p.174; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 24. Seps, part., Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 58. Lacerta, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 154; Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p.9; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 830; Schretb. Herp. Eur, p. 899; Lataste, Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. Zootoca, Wagl. 1. c. p. 155; Wregm. le. Podarcis, part., Wagl. 7. ¢. Podarcis, Wiegm. 1. c. Thimon, Tschudi, Ists, xxix. 1836, p. 551. Teira, Gray, Ann. N. H. i, 1838, p. 280, and Cat, Liz. p. 33. Zootoca, part., Gray, Cat. p. 27. Thetia, Gray, lc. p. 32. Nucras, part., Gray, J. ¢. p. 33. Atropis, Gliickselig, Lotos, 1831, p. 138. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between two or three nasals, bordered by the first upper labial, or separated from that shield bya very narrow rim. Lower eyelid scaly, or with a small transparent disk. Collar well marked. Dorsal scales much smaller than caudals, not, or but feebly, imbricate; ventral shields tetragonal, feebly imbricate, smooth. Digits subcylindrical or compressed, with smooth, tubercular, or indistinctly keeled lamelle inferiorly, Fe- moral pores. Tail long, cylindrical. Europe; Northern and Western Asia; Africa north of the equator. Synopsis of the Species. I. Lower eyelid scaly. A. Collar-edge distinctly serrated. 1. Upper surface of tail with large spines. A single postnasal; ventrals in 6 longi- tudinal rows; collar with serrated COBO S a iccain tern eed PRAS Saeed 1, echinata, p. 11, 4, LACHRTA. 2. Tail not spinose. a. Lateral scales (in the middle of the body) not smaller than dorsals, 70 to 108 scales round the middle of the body (ventrals included); rostral en- tering the nostril; two superposed postmasals 2... .. cece eee ee ees 46 to 66 scales round the middle of the body; rostral usually entering the nostril ; normally two superposed post- nasals ; foot, in the female and young, longer than the head; tail at least nearly twice as long as head and body. 42 to 58 scales round the middle of the body ; rostral not entering the nostril ; one or two postnasals, frequently two superposed anterior loreals; no gra- nules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; foot not longer than the head; tail not over once and two thirds the length of head and body ........ 46 scales round the middle of the body ; rostral not entering the nostril; two superposed postnasals; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; foot longer than the head( 2); tail once and a half the length of head and body .......... 32 to 45 scales round the middle of the body ; rostral not entering the nostril ; normally a single postnasal and a single anterior loreal; no granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; foot usually longer than tech ads sisi: is aye Gah es aey dase aoe 56 to 63 scales round the middle of the body; rostral touching the nostril ; a single postnasal ; a series of granules between the supraoculars and thesupra- ciliaries ; tail not twice as long as head and body .......seeeeeeereeaees 2. ocellata, p. 12. 8. viridis, p. 14, 5. agilis, p. 19. 6. parva, p. 22. 7. vivipara, p. 23. 9. taurica, p. 26. 6. Lateral scales smaller than dorsals; latter more or less distinctly imbricate, diagonally keeled ; 40 to 46 scales round the middle of the body (ventrals included). Ventrals in 8 or 10 longitudinal rows ; two superposed Doatanaeley no auri- cular denticulation.......6 4. we atah 4. pronceps, p. 18. 10 LACERTIDZ, Ventrals in 6 rows; normally a single postnasal. x. cies necesaneseseae se 8. praticola, p. 25. Ventrals in 8 or 10 rows; a single post- nasal; anterior border of ear toothed 20. atlantica, p. 42. B. Collar-edge even, or very indistinctly serrated; dorsal scales granular. 1. Ventrals in 6 or 8 longitudinal rows. a. No granules between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries. Normally a single postnasal and four anterior upper labials ............ 10. peloponnesiaca, p. 27. b. A series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries. a. Normally a single postnasal. Scales on upper surface of crus not larger than dorsals ......66 cee ee eens 11. muralis, p. 28. Scales on upper surface of crus larger than dorsals 2c2¢aaye verney eve wies 12. depressa, p. 34. B. Normally two superposed postnasals and five or six upper labials anterior to the subocular. * Rostral well separated from the nostril. Temporal scales uniformly granular.... 13. dugesiz, p. 35. Masseteric and supratemporal shields GISTMNCE isis eatee en em ae 14. oxycephala, p. 36. ** Rostral touching or enteriug the nostril. Temporal scales not smaller than dorsals ; masseteric shield absent or very small ; dorsal scales smooth or nearly so; ven- trals in 6 or 8 longitudinal series, the fourth or outer series on each side, if present, much smaller than the others 15. dunfordii, p. 37. Temporal scales not smaller than dorsals ; masseteric shield small; dorsal scales smooth or nearly so; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series, the two outer series on each side of equal BIZE Le eee 16. brandtit, p. 38. Temporal scales not smaller than dorsals masseteric shield large; posterior dor- sal scales distinctly keeled; ventrals in 6 longitudinal series... .......... 17. levis, p. 39. Temporal scales smaller than dorsals; no masseteric shield ; dorsal scales smooth; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series .... 18. jayakari, p. 40. 4, LACERTA, 11 2. Ventrals in 12 or 14 longitu- dinal rows .........0.0.00- 19. galloti, p. 41. IL. Lower eyelid with an undivided transparent disk. Dorsal scales granular; ventrals in 10 longitudinal rows ............000 21. perspicillata, p. 43. 1. Lacerta echinata, Lacerta (Zootoca) echinata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 189. —— hirticauda, Vaillant, Bull. Soc, Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 168, and Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1885, pl. xii. fig. 1. —— echinata, Bedriaga, Abh. Senchenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 385. Head rather strongly depressed ; snout long, obtusely acuminate. Rostral entering the nostril; a single postnasal; four upper labials © anterior to the subocular; supraoculars in contact with the supra- ciliaries; occipital shorter and broader than the interparietal ; temples covered with uniform small, obtusely keeled, granular scales. No distinct gular fold; gular scales gradually increasing in size towards the collar, 35 to 48 between the latter and the median suture between the chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, com- posed of eight or nine plates. Dorsal scales rather large, rhom- bowdal, juxtaposed, obtusely keeled, 36 to 388 across the middle of the body; two or three scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate. Ventrals in 6 longitudinal series, median pair narrowest, and £8 to 30 transverse series. Praanal bordered by a semicircle of smaller plates. The hind limb reaches the axilla or the elbow of the adpressed fore limb; digits slender. Femoral pores 12 or 13. Tail more than twice as long as head and body, the scales on the anterior third of the upper surface very strongly keeled, and ending in a sharp raised point. Green above, uniform or with a black network ; sides black-spotted; lower surfaces greenish. eee millim. Total length.......... 0... 0.0. 276 275 Head) 25f eb de avec ake oe eos 19 22 Width of head................ 11 14 From end of snout to fore limb .. 30 37 From end of snout to vent ...... 76 100 Fore limb............00 eee ee 29 33 Hind: limb: «0x6 evs cea eas 89 45 Pail. aucsikd Sea se ede heme 200 175* West Africa (Liberia to Gaboon). a 9, Camaroons. D. G, Rutherford, Esq. [C.]. bu. W. Africa, : * Tail injured. 12 LACERTID. 2. Lacerta ocellata. Lacerta ocellata, Gray, Cat. p. 30. Lacerta ocellata, Daud. Rept. iii. p. 125, pl. xxxii.; M.-Edw. Ann. Se, Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 63, 82; Duges, Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. p. 368, 1. xv.; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Duvern. R. A., Rept. pl. xii.; Dum. Bibr. v. p. 218; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 26; Schreib. Herp. Eur, p. 423; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 65; Bedriaga, Arch. i. Nat. 1879, p. 316; Camerano, Mon. Sauri Ital. p. 79; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 39. —— jamaicensis, Daud. J. c. p. 149. lepida, Daud. 1. ec. p. 204, pl. xxxvii. fig. 1. Thimon ocellatus, Tschudi, Isis, 1836, p. 551. Lacerta senegalensis, Gray, Ann. NV. H. ii. 1838, p. 279. —— margaritata, Schinz, Eur. Faun. ii. p. 14. — ocellata, var. iberica, Seoane, Ident. de Lacerta Schreiberi, Se. p. 8 Head very large in the male; snout moderately long, obtuse. Rostral entering the nostril; two regularly superposed postnasals ; normally four upper labials anterior to the subocular ; supraoculars usually separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules ; occipital very large, as broad as or broader than the frontal, broader than the interparietal; temples covered with irregular, rather large scales ; no enlarged scale on the anterior border of the ear; two large temporal shields in contact with the parietal. Gular fold absent or scarcely indicated; 24 to 38 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 9 to 13 plates. Dorsal scales small, roundish-rhomboidal, very feebly keeled, very slightly larger on the sides, where three or four correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 62 to 78 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates broader than long in 8 or 10 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median ventral line the largest; 28 to 35 transverse series. Praanal plate bordered by two to four semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches the axilla or. the shoulder. Femoral pores 11 to 16. Tail about twice as long as head and body; caudal scales keeled, with obtusely pointed posterior border. Green above, with black dots or network, or blackish olive with yellowish network; sides with large blue spots or ocelli; lower surfaces uniform greenish yellow. Young olive above, covered all over with white or bluish black-edged ocelli, the black sometimes forming irregular cross bands on the back. millim. millim. Total length.................. 610 413 Cady 08 a oiey eee da ea) baie 2 60 34 Width of head.............005 44 24 From end of snout to fore limb ..- 84 56 From end of snout to vent ...... 210 138 4, LACERTA. 13 millim. millim. Fore limb............... Biola , 68 50 Hind limb .................. 103 77 Pall) gin coss lesbo ia ae cs ~ 400 275 a-b. So. Near Nice. @ 9. Galicia, Spain. M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. ad. Ferrol. M. V. L. Seoane | P.). e-f. & & her. Madtsid. M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. gd. Seville. M. V. L. Seoane [P. ]. AQ. Valencia. Lord Lilford [P.]. a od. Gibraltar. R. MacAndrew, Esq. [P.]. k. gr. Spain. Lord Lilford [P.]. Lm. Yg. Salir, Estremadura. Dr. H. Gadow [C.}. n-qg. Ye. Pomerao, Portugal. Dr. H. Gadow Co. r Yg. Lisbon. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. & o. —? College of Surgeons. ud. —?P (Type of Lacerta senegalensis.) Var. pater. Lacerta ocellata, Schleg. in Wagn. Reis, Algier, iii. p. 112; Strauch, Erp, Alg. p. 33. —— ocellata pater, Lataste, Le Naturahste, 1880, p. 306. — ocellata, var. viridissima, Boetig. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1880-81, p. 146, and in Kobelt, Reis. Aly. u. Tunis, p. 466. — pater, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 54. In some respects approaching ZL. viridis. Thus, as a rule, the dorsal scales are more distinctly keeled and the occipital shield smaller, viz. as broad as or a little narrower than tbe frontal. Ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. 74 to 80 scales across the middle of the body. Femoral pores 12 to 16. Bluish ocelli, usually present in the young, are frequently absent in the adult, which are green, dotted or reticulated with black or with black rings; some young uniform green. In some Spanish specimens the occipital is quite of the same size as in “LZ. pater,” and also the other characters given as distinctive are by no means constant; therefore the Algero-Tunisian form can, in my opinion, not be specifically separated from the European. From snout to vent 165 millim. Algeria, Tunis. a,b, c-d. 3, her., & yg. Algeria. e f. 3 Qo. gree Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Sahara. Canon Tristram [C.]. Var. tangitana. (Pxars ITI. fig. 1.) Occipital still smaller than in var. pater, in every respect per~- fectly similar to that of L. viridis, var. schretberi, i.e. not or but little broader than the interparietal. Ventrals also absolutely the 14 LACERTIDZ, same as in the latter form, the number of longitudinal series varying from six to eight. Dorsal scales feebly but distinctly keeled, 80 to 100 across the middle of the body. Femoral pores17 to 19. Green above, with light ocelli disposed as in L. ocellata. From snout to vent 188 millim. Morocco, . a-f. 3 & yg. Tangiers. M. H. Vaucher [C.]. 3. Lacerta viridis. Lacerta viridis, Gray, Cat. p. 31. Seps viridis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 62. Lacerta europea, part., Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 29. viridis, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 210; Schreib. Herp, Eur. p. 441; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Gies. xiv. 1886, p. 62. ; Head moderate ; snout moderately long, obtuse. Rostral usually touching or entering the nostril ; normally two regularly superposed postnasals and four upper labials anterior to the subocular ; a series of granules may be present between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries ; occipital narrower than the frontal ; temples covered with flat scales; two large temporal shields in contact with the parietal. Gular fold usually distinct ; 16 to 25 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 to 12 plates. Dorsal scales oval-hexagonal or rhomboidal, keeled, not or but slightly larger on the sides, where two or three correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 40 to 58 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 or 8 longitudinal series, the second series of each side from the median ventral line the largest ; 25 to 31 transverse series. Preanal plate bordered by two semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches between the wrist of the adpressed fore limb and the shoulder. Foot, in the female and young, longer than the head. Femoral pores 12 to 20. Tail usually about twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales keeled, pointed posteriorly. Central and Southern Europe; South-western Asia. A. Forma typica. Seps sericeus, Laur. J. c. p. 61, pl. ii. fig. 5. —— terrestris, Laur. J. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 1. —— varius, Laur. 1. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 2. — viridis, Laur. 1. c. p. 62. : Lacerta viridis, Daud, Rept. iii. p. 144, pl. xxxiv.; Lichtenst. Verz, Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 92; Duges, Ann. Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, p. 373; Gachet, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. vi. 1833, p. 168; Eversm. Nour. Mém. Soc. Mose, iii. 1834, p. 339; Bonap. Faun. Ital,; Tschudi, Neue Denkschr. Allgem. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges, i. 1887, no. 4, p. 18; Schulz, Fawn. March. p. 447; De Betta, Mem. Acc. Verona, xxxv. 1857, p. 129; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 69; Leydig, Deutschl. Saur. p. 182; De Betta, Faun, Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 26; Lataste, 4, LACERTA, 15 Herp. Gir. p.83; Camerano, Mon. Saur. Ital. p.72, and Boll. Mus. Torin. 1. 1886, no, 11. , Lacerta bilineata, Daud. J. c. p. 152, pl. xxxv. fig. 1. — sericea, Daud. 1. c. p, 224. —— chloronota, Rafin. Caratt. ale. n. Gen. Anim. p. 7. —— varius, M.-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 44, 83. — elegans, Andrzej. Nouv. Mém. Soc, Nat. Mosc. ii. 1832, p. 828. —— smaragdina, Meisner, Mus. Nat. Helv. i. pl. 4, pl. vi. —— cyanolema, Gilickselig, Lotos, 1851, p. 111. —— viridis, vars. concolor, punctata, part., and maculata, Bedriaga, Abh, Senck. Ges. tc. Granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries often absent ; occipital usually very small; usually a distinct masseteric plate but no tympanic. 42 to 50 scales across the middle of the body, the laterals a little larger than the median dorsals. Usually only 6 longitudinal rows of ventrals. Femoral pores 13 to 18. Young brown or green above, with one or two more or less distinct yellowish lateral streaks, which may persist in the adult female. Adult green above, uniform or dotted or spotted with black, or blackish- olive speckled with green; lower surfaces yellow, uniform ; throat usually blue, especially in the males. millim, millim, Total length........... Salton 400 355 ead: vssrs-cies Se eaas eta stone 28 24 Width of head................ 18 15 From end of snout to forelimb .. 438 42 From end of snout to vent ...... 110 120 Fore: limbs ci stireaeaveareeearae 36 39 Hind GMD sis ess eee haces oe 64 64 TP Oa "2 arses aa wha wee Wises oso erste 8 290 235 Italy, France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Russia. a. Many specs, d, Jersey. Q, & hgr. b-c. 2. St. Malo. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. d-e. 29 & yg. Cadillac, Gironde. M. F. Lataste [P.]. f-k. SQ. Prague. ‘ Ly. 3, 9, & yg. Verona. M. E, de Betta [P.}. gq. Many specs.,$ 9. Turin. Prof. Bonelli [P.]. r &. Turin. Lord A. Russell Fl s. Yg. Genova. Hr. Jeitteles (C.J. ti. d. Perugia. W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. tpt u. Yg. Elba. W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. v-w. 2. Lecce. Florence Museum E.]. rz. 3. Modica, Sicily. Florence Museum [E. |. a-B. 3S. Cattaro, Dalmatia, Florence Museum [ET B. Var. schreiberi. Lacerta agilis, vars. 6, ¢, Schreiber, lc. p. 484. —— achreiberi, Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1878, p. 299, pl. x. fig. 3; Seoane, Ident. de Lac. Schreiberi y L. Gadovii, 1885. 16 LACERTIDZ. Lacerta viridis, Boettger, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. (8) iv. 1879, p. 505. —— —, var. gadovii, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 438, pl. xxxviii.; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 74. —— —, var. schreiberi, Bedriaga, 1. c. p. 76. Approaching LZ. ocellata. Granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries usually reduced to three or four; occipital rather large, usually broader than the interparietal; no distinct tympanic shield. Dorsal scales smaller, less distinctly hexagonal, less strongly keeled than in the typical form; 52 to 58 scales across the middle of the body; lateral scales larger than median dorsals. Usually 8 well-developed rows of ventrals. Femoral pores 12 to 17, usually 13 or 14. Young olive or brownish above, with large yellow or bluish-white, black-edged ocelli on the sides of the head and body. These ocelli often disappear in the adult, which are green or brown above, variously spotted or reticulated with black. Lower surfaces yellowish, immaculate in the young, often with round black spots in the adult. Throat blue in the adult. millim. millim, Total length.................. 260 287 OA: + ce 5 aiarig ah shaw, buries eee as 23 22 Width of head................ 16 15 From end of snout to forelimb .. 36 36 From end of snout to vent ...... 90 97 Fore limb.................00. 30 33 Bind MY esses ce peewee ees 46 47> Paillis:se: die: oleae bit kpa tenets aur acerke 170 190 Spain and Portugal. a-f. 3 & yg. Corufia, M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. g-t, k-m. 8,2, Serra de Gerez. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. hgr., & yg. ; n Q. Coimbra. Dr. H. Gadow [C.1. o-r. 3,9,&yg. Serra de Monchique, Algarve. Dr. H. Gadow te , (Types of var. gadovit.) C. Var. major. Lacerta viridis, Bir. § Bory de St. Vine. Expéd. Se. Morée, Zool, p. 66, pl. x. fig. 1; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 74. —— quinquevittata (non Mén.), Erhard, Faun. Cycl. i. p. 80. elem algira (non L.), Erhard, l.c. Lacerta viridis, vars. punctata et trilineata, part., Bedri Senckenb, Ges. t. C. i a A larger form, attaining nearly to the size of L. ocellata. Con- stantly a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries ; occipital usually as broad as or a little broader but shorter than the interparietal ; temporal scales smaller than in the typical form usually with a very distinct tympanic shield. 50 to 58 scales across the middle of the body, the laterals not larger than the 4, LACERTA. 17 median dorsals. Usually a well-developed additional series of ventrals, making in all eight longitudinal rows. Femoral pores 15 to 20. Young olive above, usually with three or five yellowish longitudinal streaks, the lowermost of which, extending from axilla to groin, is often replaced by a series of round spots. These bands usually disappearing in the adult, which are green on the body and limbs, uniform or finely speckled with black ; upper surface of head vermiculated with black ; lower surfaces yellow, the outer ventrals often speckled with black ; throat never blue. ee ie Total length................. . 415 350 UGA act aks crsictte aiceeowerr's aioe eats 36 26 Width of head ..............0. 27 17 From end of snout to forelimb .. 62 42 From end of snout to vent ...... 155 115 Fore limb.............00e cues 49 37 Hind limb ............4... 4 83 61 aad iss beg aostdne Suh Sse sera Rica Raeha 260 235 Dalmatia, Turkey, Greece, Asia Minor. aod. Dalmatia. Dr. Heckel. b-c. 3. Greece. d. 9. Syra (?). ; ef. & &hgr. Rhodes. C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. g, h-m. 9 & yg. Crete. Baron v. Maltzan fc. n od. Asia Minor. C. Fellows, Esq. [P.]. o-r. Yg. Smyrna, & oe Zebil Bulgar Dagh, Cili- C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. cian Taurus, 4000 feet. D. Var. strigata. Lacerta strigata, Gray, Cat. p. 32. Lacerta strigata, Eichw. Zool. Spec. Ross. Pol. iii. p. 189, and Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 70, pl. x. figs. 4-6; Anders, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 872; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 364. —— quinquevittata, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 61. . —— viridis, Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 146; Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879-80, p. 170, and in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp. Geb. p. 39. yar. strigata, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. t. c. p. 91. Size moderate. A series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; occipital small, much shorter than the interparietal ; tympanic shield distinct. 40 to 48 scales across the middle of the body; dorsals strongly keeled. Only six longi- tudinal rows of ventrals. Femoral pores 16 to 20. Young greenish or olive, spotted or marbled with black, and with three or five light dorsal streaks, which may disappear completely in the adult ; these may be closely dotted with black, as certain specimens of the VOL, III. : c 7 18 LACERTID 2. typical form and of var. ©; belly yellowish, often dotted with black on the sides. millim. millim. Total length.......-.....0-- 395 266 Head. 25.cn62a0cuaee ead gees 29 19 Width of head ...........-4. 21 13 From end of snout to fore limb. 50 31 From end of snout to vent .... 125 89 Fore HmD 4.200400 6640s aces 42 28 Hind limb on... cee ee eee wee 71 45 Mall y-sucauca ws, s'scgs mia weaneays 270 177 Transcaucasia, Persia, Asia Minor, Syria. a. 9. Elisabethpol. St. Petersburg Mus. [E. ]. 6. Yg. Jerusalem. Canon Tristram tet e-d. o. Merom. Canon Tristram [C.}. e-f. Hgr. Lake Phiala, under Canon Tristram [C.]. Mount Hermon. g. 3. Eastern slope of Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Mount Hermon. Bedriaga (Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 100) distinguishes also a var. vaillanti from Persia (?). 4. Lacerta princeps. Lacerta princeps, Blanf. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 81, and Zool, £. Persia, p. 364, pl. xxiv.; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 123. General proportions as in LZ. viridis. Rostral touching the nostril; two regularly superposed postnasals; an anterior loreal, in contact with the frontonasal ; a few granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital nearly as long as, and much broader than, the interparietal, as broad as the frontal ; temples covered with flat scales; two large temporal shields in contact with the parietal ; masseteric and tympanic shields distinct. Collar with serrated edge, composed of seven plates. Scales on the neck above and at the sides granular, passing gradually on the shoulders into the sub- imbricate, equal, rhomboidal, diagonally keeled scales of the back; lateral scales rather smaller than dorsals, not keeled; about 34 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 8 or 10 longitudinal rows; 31 transverse rows. Preanal plate slightly larger than the others. 14 femoral pores. he hind limb, laid forwards, extends about four fifths of the distance to the axil. Tail more than twice as long as head and body, with all the scales keeled. Olivaceous grey above, whitish below ; a few small black spots on the back and sides of the neck, and a row of three or four blue ocelli (those in front double), with black margins, behind each shoulder, extending in a line for a short distance down each side ; 4, LACERTA, 19 sides of the head bluish, a tint especially marked on the labials; throat yellow. Total length 430 millim. Near Niriz, east of Shiraz, Persia. 5. Lacerta agilis. Lacerta agilis, part., Linn. S. N. i. p.863; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 433, —— europea, part., Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 29. —— agilis, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 94; Bedriaga, Abh, Senckenb, Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 127. Habit stouter, snout shorter than in Z. viridis. Rostral not touching the nostril; one or two postnasals; frequently two super- posed anterior loreals; normally four upper labials anterior to the subocular; no granules between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries ; occipital small, shorter and usually narrower than the interparietal; temples covered with flat scales; two or three large temporals in contact with the parietal; no tympanic. Gular fold feebly marked, or absent. 14 to 22 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales hexagonal, strongly ., keeled, larger on the sides, where they are feebly keeled or smooth ; ’ two or three lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 34 to 52 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 or 8 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median ventral line the largest ; 25 to 32 transverse series. The hind limb never reaches beyond the elbow of the adpressed fore limb. Foot not, or but very slightly, longer than the head. Femoral pores 10 to 18. ‘Tail once and a half to once and two thirds the length of head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled, pointed posteriorly. Northern and Central Europe; Western Asia. A. Forma typica. Lacerta agilis, Gray, Cat. p. 32, Lacerta agilis, part., Linn. 1. ¢.; Schulz, Faun. March. p. 448. Seps argus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 61, pl. i. fig. 5. ~— ruber, Laur, 1.¢. p. 62, pl. iii. fig. 3. —— cerulescens, Laur, J. ¢. pl. i. fig. 3. —— stellatus, Schrank, Fauna Boica, i. p. 296. Lacerta agilis, Wolf, in Sturm, Deutschl. Faun.; Brandt § Ratzed. Med. Zool. pl. xix. fig. 1; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Tschudi, Neue Denkschr, Allgem. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. i. 1837, no. 4, p. 21; Bell, Brit. Rept. p..17; Leydig, Deutsch. Saur. p. 197. stirpium, Daud. Rept. iii. p, 155, pl. xxxv. fig.2 ; M-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 65,83; Duges, Ann. Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, p. 877 ; Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vert. p. 291; Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 196 ; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 75. laurentii, Daud. 1. c. p, 227. c2 20 LACERTID&. Lacerta arenicola, Daud. J, c. p. 230, pl. xxxviti. fig. 2. —— anguiformis, Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 1804, p. 51. —— agilis, var. erythronotus, Fitzing. N. Classi. Rept. p. 51. sericea, Giliickselig, Lotos, 1851, p. 113. : —— agilis, var. ischliensis, Bedriaga, Enst. d. Farb. b, d. Eidechs. 1874, p. 18. —— —, vars. typica et rubra, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, pp. 139, 144. Usually a single postnasal and two superposed anterior loreals, the three shields forming a triangle. Median dorsal scales very narrow, sharply differentiated from the broader laterals; 34 to 46 scales across the middle of the body. Usually a single semi- circle of scales bordering the anal, none of which are much enlarged. Young greyish-brown above, with longitudinal series of white, black-edged ocelli ; no light vertebral streak ; lower surfaces whitish, immaculate. Adult female brown or greyish above, the vertebral zone darker than the sides of the back, with large dark brown spots with a central white shaft or round spot; usually the larger spots form three longitudinal series on the body; belly cream- coloured, with or without black spots. Male, during the breeding- season, green on the sides and lower surfaces, rarely also on the back ; sides black-dotted, usually with lighter ocelli ; lower surfaces more or less abundantly spotted with black. A form (L. rubra: specs. g, v-w) is distinguished by the unspotted reddish-brown or brick-red back. millim. millim. Total length................ 206 212 GA! ( a2 cere aaa nts, ad eee 20 18 Width of head.............. 14 12 From end of snout to fore limb. 29 27 From end of snout to vent .... 78 87 Fore limb.................. 21 25 Hind limb ................ 31 34 AGIL: feasatictcoas sy naka Ser Ree os 128 125 South of England, Northern, Central, and Eastern France, Belgium Holland, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Bossia, a-b. SQ. Poole Heath. W. Thompson, Esq. [P.]. c-d. S. Bournemouth. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P]. e-g, hh. SQ. Ringwood. F. Bond, Esq. [P.]. i-o. 3,9,& yg. Diisseldorf. W. F. Kirby, Esq. [P.]. p,q. Many specs. : Berlin. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. 3,2, hgr., & yg. ru, v-w. 32. Dresden. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.7, zx. Several specs.: ¢ 9. Prague. : y. ds . Transylvania, C.G. Danford and J. A. H. . Brown, Esqrs. [P.]. 2B. 3. Kiev. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. 4, LACERTA. 21 B. Var. exigua. Nucras ? exigua, Gray, Cat. p. 34. Lacerta agilis, Licht. in Eversm. Reise, p. 140; Eversm, Nouv. Mém. Soe, Nat. Mose. iii, 1834, p. 341. —-— exigua, Eichw, Zool. Spec. iii. p. 188. — aaa Andrzej. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. ii. 1882, p. 827, —— sylvicola, Eversm. 1. ¢. p. 344, pl. xxxi. fig. 3. viridis, Rathke, Mém. Sav. Etr. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii, 1837, p. 299. stirpium, Evchw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 67. Zootoca exigua, Eichw. 1. c. p. 71, pl. x. figs. 1-3, ee agilis, var. dilepis, Lichtenst. Nomencl. Rept. Mus. Berol. p. 14* — doniensis, Bedriaga, Entsteh. d. Farb. b. d. Eidechsen, 1874, p. 14. —— agilis, var. orientalis, Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 150. , vars. chersonensis et doniensis, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, pp. 146, 151. paradoxa, Bedriaga, 1. c. p. 170 *. The shields behind the nostril very variable: frequently two superposed postnasals; anterior loreal sometimes absent. Median dorsal scales often graduating into the laterals; 36 to 52 scales across the middle of the body. Two semicircles of scales border the preanal; two scales in front of the latter shield often much enlarged; the distance between the anterior femoral pores and the preanal usually equals or exceeds the length of that shield. Young usually with three well-marked light longitudinal streaks along the back, and series of whitish ocelli on the sides; some specimens uniform olive-green ; lower surfaces whitish, unspotted. The dorsal streaks of the young constantly persist in the adult female, and usually at least traces of them are seen in the males. Female brown above, usually with two series of large dark-brown spots on the back and more or less distinct ocelli on the sides; lower surfaces uniform yellowish white or scantily spotted with black. Male frequently entirely green above, dotted or spotted with black, with or without white ocelli on the sides ; lower surfaces greenish, black-spotted. ; ; settee millim. Total length.......... 0.00000 ee 243 218 Plead! aes secaa evade wate aaceiece wie 21: 19 Width of head............2-0.208 16 14 From end of snout to forelimb .... 34 30 From end of snout to vent ........ 91 90 Fore: limb. 0.0. ase ce dane eeies 31 26 Hind limb ............ ada cae 40 35 Taal. ge 4 aa nidce fs ok WARS 152 128 Russia, Western Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus. * Types examined. 22. LACERTIDE. a-b. S& yg. Kharkov. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. e-d. 3. Saratov. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. e 2. Astrachan. St. Petersburg Mus. [E. ]. fg. 3 & yg. Dongus, near Orenburg. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. h. So. Ural. St. Petersburg Mus. E. |. aa ©, her. Sukum Kaleh. St. Petersburg Mus. [E. }. yg. n-0. of Tomsk. St. Petersburg Mus. Het p. Q. Minussinsk, Yeniseisk. St. Petersburg Mus. [E. ]. q-r. 2 & yg. Arcatberge. Geograph. Soc. of Bremen. & 3. Kirghiz Steppes. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. td. River Tek. St. Petersburg Mus. | E. |. u-v. 9 & yg. a Kungess, 8. of St. Petersburg Mus. Et ulja. w. Yg. Oper Tli. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. a-y. 9 & her. Altyn-Emel, between St. Petersburg Mus. | E.]. Ropal and Wernoje. 2-5, 3,2, Lepsinskaja Staniza. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. or. iv. SQ. a as Lake Gok- St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. scha. Er. 3,2, &hgr. Lepsa, Ala Tau. Geograph.Soc. of Bremen. p-o. 3. Ala Tau. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. tx. o & yg. Between Semipolatinsk St. Petersburg Mus. EY and Ajagus. 6. Lacerta parva. (Pxare I. fig. 1.) a sp. Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 148 (foot- note). Head small, as long as the distance between the extremity of the fourth toe and the base of the fifth ; snout moderate, obtuse. Rostral not touching the nostril; two regularly superposed postnasals; a single anterior loreal in contact with the frontonasal ; four upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; occipital much shorter and slightly broader than the interparietal ; temples covered with very unequal scales; masseteric and tympanic shields distinct, large; — outer edge of the parietal bordered by a large upper temporal and four granular scales. Gular fold well marked; 20 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar with serrated edge, composed of eight plates. Dorsal scales rhomboidal, juxtaposed, strongly keeled; lateral scales slightly larger than dorsals, smooth, two corresponding to the length of a ventral plate; 38 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in six (or eight when reckoning the marginals) longitu- dinal series; the second series on each side from the median ventral line much the largest; 31 transverse series. Praanal plate bordered by two semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches the elbow of the adpressed fore limb. Femoral pores 17. Tail about once and a half the length of head and body; caudal scales strongly keeled, pointed posteriorly. Olive-brown above with four series of squarish dark-brown spots edged above and 4, LACERTA, 23 below with whitish ; vertebral zone lighter brown, unspotted; the lateral squarish spots with a central white dot; a whitish lateral streak, extending from the upper lip, through the ear, to the groin; lower surfaces uniform yellowish white. millim, millim. Total length ...... 136 From end of snout Head............ 11 to vent ........ 53 Width of head .... 9=7°5 Fore limb ........ 17 From end of snout Hind limb........ 25 to forelimb .... 19 Maal. waxes) scgeestiec ave 83 Distinguished from L. viridis and L. agilis by the smaller size (I regard the unique specimen as adult). From L. viridis by the smaller head, the shorter tail, the coloration, &c.; from L. agilis by the smaller and proportionally longer head, the longer foot, the presence of a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries, the coloration, &c. Asia Minor. a. Q. Kaisarieh. C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. 7. Lacerta vivipara. Zootoca vivipara, Gray, Cat. p. 27. Lacerta agilis, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 863; Schulz, Faun. March. . 448. ae vivipara, Jacquin, Nov. Act. Helvet. i. 1787, : 38, pl. i.; Ret- chenb. Isis, 1837, p. 511; Dum. §& Bibr, v. p. 204; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 81; Leydig, Deutschl. Saur. p. 212; Schreb. Herp. Eur. p. 429; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 77; Camerano, Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 82; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 388. agilis, Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soc, vii. 1804, p. 49; Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vert. p. 292. —— ceedura, Sheppard, 1. c. p. 50. crocea, Wolf, in Sturm’s Deutschl. Faun.; Eversm. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iii. 1884, p. 347, pl. xxxi. figs. 1, 2. nigra, Wolf, lc. — montana, Mikan, in Sturm’s Deutschl. Faun, —— pyrrhogaster, Merr. Tent. p. 67. muralis, part., Lichtenst. Verz, Doubl. Mus. Berl. p, 92. schreibersiana, M.-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 68, 83 ; Gachet, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. v. 1882, p. 288. Zootoca vivipara, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 155; Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 82; De Betta, Mem. Acc. Verona, xxxv. 1857, p: 189, and Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 22 ; Lessona, Atti Acc. Tor. xvi. 1879, p. 1185. . Lacerta chrysogastra, Andrzej. N. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (2) ii. 1832, . 825. Rootes jacquin, Cocteau, Mag. Zool. 1835, Rept. pl. ix. —— guerin, Cocteau, J. c. pytthogastra, Tschudi, Neue Denkschr. Allg, Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. i. 1837, no. 4, p. 27. montana, Tschudi, 1. c. p. 31. crocea, Gliickselig, Lotus, 1851, p. 186. Atropis nigra, Giliicks. J. e. p. 188. 24 LACERTID Head small; snout moderate, obtuse. Rostral not touching the nostril; normally a single postnasal, a single anterior loreal, in contact with the frontonasal, and four upper labials anterior to the subocular; no granules between the supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries; occipital small, usually smaller than the interparietal ; temple covered with irregular flat scales, among which a masseteric is often and a tympanic constantly distinct. Gular fold feebly marked, or absent. 14 to 21 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 or 9 plates. Dorsal scales hexagonal, longer than broad, more or less distinctly keeled, not or but slightly imbricate, somewhat smaller than the laterals, which are smooth; nuchal scales roundish, smooth or nearly so; two lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 26 to 37 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 or 8 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median ventral line the largest; 24 to 30 transverse series. Two semicircles of scales border the preanal shield. The adpressed limbs meet, or the hind limb reaches the wrist or the elbow. Foot usually longer than the head. Femoral pores 7 to 13. Tail thick, once and two fifths to once and two thirds as long as head and body ; caudal scales large, upper strongly keeled and pointed posteriorly. Brown, yellowish, or red- dish above in the adult, with small darker and lighter spots; fre- quently a blackish vertebral streak and a dark lateral band edged with yellowish; lower surfaces orange or vermilion in the male, largely spotted with black; yellow or pale orange in the female, immaculate or scantily spotted with black. Newly-born young almost black, which coloration sometimes persists in the adult (specs. ¢, r—v). millim, erie Totallength ........ Paiaied i dots ween 151 178 SGA. cneyciseaietch Ute al acarteeate at asehan ions 12 12 Width of head ..............0... 9 9 From end of snout to fore limb ...... 19 23 From end of snout to vent .......... 53 73 HOPORN TMD: joke ance cud veut e bra es tes ot 17 18 Bindi: sy .og.ee ava xaww ace een 24 25 TAU, acanee ip Wiakcaichae ae Kies ae 98 105 Northern and Central Europe ; Northern Asia. a-d. 8,9,&yg. Scotland. Dr. Johnston [P.]. e. 2. Eastbourne. J. Hopley, Esq. [P.]. fis Near Petersfield. Mrs. Mowatt [P.]. g, h-m. 2 & yg. Ringwood. F. Bond, Esq. [P.]. n-p. ae ee a e A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. —r. ' oole Heath. . Thompson, Esq. | P.]. Z Sie Cheltenham, ai ie t-u. Her. Falmouth. W. C. Cocks, Esq. [P.]. 4. LACERTA. 25 vu. England. w. 9, Co. Meath, Ireland. ‘Field’ Office. a-y. Hgr. & yg. Near St. Malo. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. za. 9. Dunes of Heyst s. G, A. Boulenger, Esq. pf M., Belgium. B.S. Borgo, 8. Tyrol. Florence ieee ey y-e. Q. Near Berlin. G. A. Boulenger, Isq. [P.]. . 2. Sweden. C. J. A. Thuden, Esq. [P.]. 7-0. SQ. Esthonia. St. Petersburg Museum [F.]. uO. St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. nr. Q. Solowetzki Island, St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. White Sea. ra @. Uralsk. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. pou. SD. Kirghiz Steppes. ~ St. Petersburg Museum|E.1]. é. 9. Padun,RiverAngara. St. Petersburg Museum ot ; o. Q. Stanowoi Mts., E. St. Petersburg Museum [E.}. Siberia. mn. Q. Nicolawsk, Amoor. St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. p-o. @. Saghalien Island. St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. T-v. 2. ——! 8. Lacerta praticola. Lacerta praticola, Eversm. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iii. 1834, . 345, pl. xxx. fig. 2; Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 878, p. 156; Boetiger, in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp. Geb. p. 36; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb, Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 367. Head moderate, snout moderate, obtuse. Rostral not touching the nostril; one, rarely two postnasals; a single anterior loreal ; four upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; occipital shorter and a little broader than the interparietal; temple covered with scales of very unequal size; two or three upper temporals border the parietal, and the masseteric and tympanic are distinct and large. No gular fold; 15 to 17 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, com- posed of 6 or 7 plates. Dorsal scales hexagonal, longer than broad, strongly and diagonally keeled, slightly imbricate; lateral scales keeled, smaller than dorsals, alternately two and three corresponding to the length of a ventral plate; 37 to 40 scales across the middle of the body. Ventrals in six longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median ventral line the largest; 25 or 26 transverse series. Preeanal shield large, bordered by a single series of small scales. The hind limb reaches the axilla. Foot a little longer than the head. Femoral pores 9 to 12. Tail about twice as long as head and body ; upper caudal scales strongly keeled, pointed posteriorly. Olive above, with small blackish dots and a broad dark- brown lateral band edged inferiorly, at least from the eye to the shoulder, by a whitish, black-edged streak; this streak usually _ distinct along the side of the tail; lower surfaces uniform greenish white. 26 LACERTIDE. millim. millim. Total length ...... 118 From end of snout Head .2 ks. e ees 10 to vent ...... Al Width ofhead .... 65 Fore limb ...... 14 From end of snout to Hind limb ...... 22 fore limb........ 16 Tail cde sede pease U7 Cis- and Transcaucasia. a-c, 5 & her. Sukum Kaleh. St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. 9. Lacerta taurica. Zootoca taurica, part., Gray, Cat. p. 29. Lacerta taurica, Pallas, Zooyr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 80; Rathke, Mém. Sav. Etr. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii, 1837, p. 302, pl. ti. figs. 1-4; Demedoff, Voy. Russ. Mér. iii, p. 887, pl. i. figs. 1,2; Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 163; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 740 ; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 820, pl. —. fig. 28. taurica, part., Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 225; Schreib. Herp. Eur. . 419, Pedarcis taurica, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Head moderate; snout moderate, obtuse. Rostral touching the nostril; a single postnasal; a single anterior loreal; four upper labials anterior to the subocular; a séries of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital nearly as broad as and shorter than the interparietal ; temple covered with moderate-sized irregular scales; tympanic and usually also masseteric shields dis- tinct. Gular fold distinct. 21 to 23 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 or 9 plates. Dorsal scales small, oval-hexa- gonal, juxtaposed, keeled ; lateral scales larger, smooth, two or three corresponding to the length of a ventral plate ; 50 to 55 scales across the middle of the body. Ventrals in 6 or 8 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median line the largest ; 28 to 33 transverse series. Preeanal shield bordered by two or three semicircles of smaller scales; usually an enlarged shield in front of the preanal. The hind limb reaches between the elbow and the shoulder. Foot longer than the head. Femoral pores 17 to 20 (15 to 22). Tail once and two thirds to once and three fourths the length of head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled, pointed posteriorly. Vertebral zone and flanks green; dorso-lateral regions brownish, with large black spots and a light streak extending from the outer edge of the parietal; another, more or less distinct, light streak from ear to groin; lower surfaces uniform whitish. 4, LAcERTA. 27 millim. millim. Total length.............. 0.00. 154 170 Head) cc sires aie val sam eae ee es 14 14 Width of head.................. 9°5 9 From end of snout to fore limb .... 22 23 From end of snout to vent ........ 56 63 Fore limb............ ewe ee sas 20 20 Hind limb) isis essseens ne eeevas 32 32 Tall caveat eee ene sear eee ears 98 107 Crimea, Balkan peninsula, island of Tino. a. Q. _ Crimea. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. b-c. 2 & her. Sebastopol. St. Petersburg Mus. lef dé. Constantinople. 10. Lacerta peloponnesiaca. Lacerta peloponnesiaca, Bibr. in Bory de St. Vine. Expéd. Se. Mor., Rept. p. 66, pl. x. fig. 4; Bedriaga, Zool. Anz. 1883, p. 216, and Abh, Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 315, pl. —. fig. 18. — muralis (non Laur.), Bibr. 1. c. figs. 2, 3. taurica, part., Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 225; Schreib. Herp. Eur. . 419. Be taincts taiiaiaw, De Betta, Rett. ed Anf. d. Grecia, p. 85. Lacerta taurica, var. peloponnesiaca, rathkei, et maculata, Bedriaga, Buil. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 83. Snout moderately long, obtuse. Rostral entering the nostril; one or two postnasals; usually four upper labials anterior to the sub- ocular; supraoculars in contact with the supraciliaries ; occipital (usually) smaller than the interparietal; temple covered with large flat scales; masseteric, supratemporal, and tympanic shields dis- - tinct. Gular fold indicated (or absent); gular scales small, 28 to 32 on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin- shields; collar even-edged, with 11 or 13 plates. Dorsal scales small, convex, smooth, roundish, juxtaposed, not smaller on the sides, where three correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 54 to 57 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates broader than long, in six longitudinal series, the median pair a little narrower than the others; 28 to 32 transverse series; additional lateral plates very small. Preanal plate bordered by two semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches the collar in the male, the shoulder in the female. Scales on upper surface of tibia a little smaller than dorsals, smooth. Femoral pores 21 or 22 (18 to 22). Tail at least twice as long as head and body; caudal scales truncate, upper moderately keeled. Greenish above, with blackish spots or longitudinal streaks (or blackish, with whitish longitudinal streaks); lower surfaces whitish, immaculate. 28 LACERTID 2. arnt millim. Total length ........ ee eee eens 153 182 Head)... ceag cine a vee oo 0 ps Re 19 16 Width of head ........---.-005- 13 10 From end of snout to fore limb.... 29 28 From end of snout to vent ...... 76 77 Fore:limb: wwseen da gh erenow che oo 26 24 Hind limb ........ 0000s ee eeee 46 Al Tail (reproduced) ......-+.++--- 77 105 Greece; Crete. a-b. SQ. Morea. Dr. J. v. Bedriaga [E.]. 11. Lacerta muralis. Zootoca muralis, Gray, Cat. r 28. Seps muralis, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 61, pl. i. fig. 4. Lacerta muralis, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 92; M.-Edw. Ann, Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 67, 84; Dugés, t. ¢. p. 880; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 228; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 408; Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1878, p. 259, and 1879, p. 248, and Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 194, pl. ix., and Bull, Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 95, and Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 176. Podarcis muralis, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 155; Bonap. Faun. Ttal.; De Betta, Atti Acc. Ver. xxxv. 1857, p.147, and Faun. Ital., Rett. ae 28, and Atti Ist. Ven. (5) iv. 1878, p. 389, and v. 1879, p. 387. Head rather long, more or less depressed. Rostra] not entering the nostril; normally a single postnasal and four upper labials anterior to the subocular (often five anterior labials in vars. his- panica and bedriage); a series of granules between the supra- oculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital small or moderate; temple granular, usually with distinct masseteric and tympanic plates. Gular fold more or less distinct; 20 to 35 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar even-edged or, rarely, slightly serrated, composed of 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth or feebly keeled, laterals a slarge or a little smaller; 40 to 80 scales across the middle of the body; three to five lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate. Ventrals squarish, broader than long, in 6, rarely 8, longitudinal, and 25 to 32 transverse series. Praeanal bordered by one or two semicircles of small scales. Limbs rather elongate especially in the males, in which the hind limb reaches the shoulder or beyond. Scales on upper surface of tibia smaller than dorsals. Femoral pores 13 to 29. Tail usually about twice as long as head and body; caudal scales more or less distinctly keeled, with trun- cate or very obtusely pointed posterior border. Central and Southern Europe, North-west Africa, Asia Minor Northern Persia, Syria. : 4, LACERTA. 29 A. Forma typica Seps muralis, Laur, 1. c. Lacerta muralis, Latr. Rept. i. p. 229; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. v. fig. 1; Strauch, Erp. Aly. p.33; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 92; Leydig, Deutschl. Saur. p. 225; Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 361; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p.71; Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 152; Camerano, Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 30. _ —— maculata, Daud. Rept. iii. p. 208, pl. xxxvii. fig. 1; Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur, Mér, iii. p. 86. —— agilis, Daud. 1. c. p. 211, pl. xxxviii. fig. 1; Risso, l. ¢. —— brongniardii, Daud. J. c. p. 221. fusca, part., Daud. i... p. 237; Merr, Tent. p. 66. . —— lateralis, Merv. I. c. p. 67. —— merremia, Risso, J. ¢. —— fasciata, Risso, 1. c. p. 87. —— saxicola, Eversm, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iii. 1834, p. 349, pl. xxx. fig. 1. Podarcis muralis, Tschudi, Neue Denkschr. Allgem. Schweiz. Gres. i. 1837, art. 4, p.34; Massalongo, Erp. Pop. p. 25; Camerano, Atti Ace. Torin, xiii. 1877, p. 94. Lacerta grammica (non Licht.), Rathke, Mém. Sav. Etr, Ac. St. Pétersb, iii. 1837, p. 803. Padarcis defilippii, Camerano, Atti Ace. Tor. xiii. 1877, p. 90, pl. ii. Lacerta smelsellonsis, Braun, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wiirzb. iv. 1877, p. 49, and Zool. Anz. 1886, p. 426. portschinskii, Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, . 160, pl. i. aa miele fusca, Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1878, p. 267. muralis, var. defilippii, Boettyer, in Radde, Faun. u. Flor. Casp. Geb. p. 44. The varieties named rubriventris, Bp., flaviventris, Massal., cupret- ventris, Massal., rasquineti, Bedr., flaviundata, Bedr., corsica, Bedr., milensis, Bedr., erhardti, Bedr., persica, Bedr., bocaget, Seoane, &e., and the melanotic melisellensis, Braun, should also be grouped under the typical form. Size comparatively small. Head usually rather strongly de- pressed. The hind limb rarely reaches the axilla in the female. 40 to 65 scales across the middle of the body; three or four lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral. Upper parts brown or greyish, variously spotted, marbled, or streaked with blackish ; lower surfaces white, yellow, pink, or red, uniform or (in males) more or less largely spotted with black ; outer ventrals frequently blue. ee millim, Total length ..............000. 187. 180 Head. ers cco pee ard aer eee eared a 16 13 Width of head ............08.. 11 9 From end of snout to fore limb.... 25 22 From end of snout to vent ...... 62 62 Fore limb ......... cece eee eee 230 Ct 20 Hind limb sic e0 cee sees ae aes 35 30 Pail atc wenatin seis s eens ese 125 118 30 _LACERTIDE. Central and Southern Europe ; North-western Africa ; Asia Minor to Northern Persia. a. Q. Lower Ahr. W. F. Kirby, Esq. [P.]. b-c. 9. St. Malo. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. d. Many specs.: Eaux-bonnes. M. Lataste [P.]. 3,9, & her. e-g. 6, 2, &her. Coruiia. M. V. L. Pecans [Pad h-m. 3 & yg. Serra de Gerez. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. nd. Serra Estrella. Dr. H. Gadow [C.}. o. Yg. Oporto. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. p-s. SQ. Near Lisbon. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. tv. 3b & her. Valencia. Lord. Lilford P) w. ¥g. Spain P P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.]. ay. 3. Florence. Florence Museum [{ E. 2 9. Linosa. Florence Museum [E. ]. a-5. 2 & her. Corte, Corsica. Florence Museum [E. ]. ed. Italy. 69. Syra. Canon Tristram [C.]. no Crimea. St. Petersburg Museum [E. }. 6. 9 Riv. Belajan, trib. of | St. Petersburg Museum a R. Kuban. t. Several epee: Elisabethpol. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. 3, 2, & yg. r&. O. Yelenowka, Lake St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. Gokscha. o. Yg. Tuchetien, Transcau- St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. casia. nr. 3. Armenia. St. Petersburg Museum [1.1]. p. Several specs.: Elburz Mts., north of W. 'T. Blanford, Esq. [E.}. dQ. Teheran. B. Var. brueggemanni. Lacerta muralis, var. bruggemanni, Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1879, p. 804, pl. xvii. fig. 1. Intermediate between the typical form and var. tiliguerta. Nearer the former as regards size and proportions, agreeing with the latter in the green ground-colour. Male with undulated black cross bands, forming a network on the sides; these markings less distinct in the female. Lower surfaces, in the male, whitish, spotted with black; outer row of ventrals entirely blue. Total length 180 millim. Spezia, Italy. C. Var. tiliguerta. Lacerta tiliguerta, Gel. S. N. iii. p. 1070; Daud. Rept. iii. p. 161; De Filippi, Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, (3) v. 1852, p. 69. serpa, Rafin. Caratt. ale. n. Gen. Anim. p. 8; Camerano, Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 56. sicula, Rafin, 1. ce. —— puccina, Rafin, Ll. e. olivacea, Rafin. J. c. Zootoca quadrilineata, Gray, Ann, N. H. i. 1838, p. 279. 4, LACERTA. 31 ? Lacerta hieroglyphica, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Gétting. 1840, p. 52. Lacerta podarcis, Cara, Mon. Lac, Sard, 1872. muralis neapolitana, Bedriaga, Enst. d. Farb. b. d. Eidechs. 1874, and Arch. f. Nat. 1878, p. 285, and Bull. Sue. Zool. France, 1879, p. 202, pl. ix. fig. 5. —— muralis, vars., Eimer, Zool. Stud. Capri, ii. Podarcis tiliguerta, Camerano, Atti Ace. Tor. xiii. 1877, p. 87. Lacerta taurica genei, Camer. Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 49, and Boll. Mus. Zool, Tor. i, 1886, no. 7. ; The vars. albiventris, Bp., lineata, Betta, campestris, Betta, cettiz, Cara, genet, Cara, cerulescens, Kimer, doderleini, Betta, latasti, Bedr., viridiocellata, Bedr., &c. fall in this division. The melanotic vars. cerulea and filfolensis, and perhaps also var. archipelagica, Bedr., are descendants of the tiliguerta type. Size larger, head usually larger and less depressed, neck thicker than in the typical form. Hind limb reaching the axilla in the female. 50 to 80 scales across the middle of the body; as a rule, the larger the specimen the-more numerous the dorsal scales. Upper parts green or greenish, uniform or spotted or marbled with black, or with blackish and whitish streaks along the back; usually a large black ocellus with blue centre above the axilla; lower surfaces usually immaculate. 2 3 nillim. millim. Total length ............ 00008. 238 203 Cade sicicnacaiaa ne wire oe Sheed iacedi 8 ae 20 16 Width of head ...........00050- 13 10 From end of snout to fore limb.... 30 27 From.end of snout to vent ...... 80 69 Ore LMA: csi c dos aowoie ood sachane: oe 28 22 Bind Mimi coast sab tasters aie as 45 38 MATL” Gegacenote'eapemtacees “iade ane METRE 158 134 A large male specimen, with reproduced tail, measures 90 millim. from snout to vent. Italy, Dalmatia, Greece, islands of the Mediterranean east of the Baleares, Tunis, Asia Minor. a-c. § & hgr. Bologna. Prof. J. J. Bianconi [P.]. df. SQ. * Florence. Florence Museum [E. ]. g. d. Elba. W. OC. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. A. Hgr. Giglio. Florence Museum [E. ]. uo. Montecristo. Florence Museum | E. |. k-l. og. Gianuti. Florence Museum [E. |. mn, o-p. d,2, Rome. W. OC. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. & her. : g-r. 36. Ponza. © Florence Museum rt st. dO. Vandotena. Florence Museum | E. |. wu. 9. 8. Stefano. Florence Museum [E.]. v-z. 6, 2,&hgr. Pompei. Florence Museum | E. }. a-«. dQ. Pompei. E. N. Smith, Esq. ER 2 ¢ g. Ischia. . Florence Museum [E. ]. 32 LACERTID A. n-t,x-&. 5 ,9,& yg. Gagliari. Florence Museum [F.]. o-a. 2. Sardinia. Rey. W. Hennah [P.]. to. 3 Q. Reggio, Calabria. Florence Museum nt yaa. SQ. Lipari. Florence Museum [E. }. bb. 2. Stromboli. Florence Museum | E.]. ce-dd. § & her. Messina. Florence Museum [i ee-gg. 5 & her. Catania. Florence Museum | E. ]. hh. 3. Siracusa. Florence Museum [E. }. umm. SQ. | Modica. Florence Museum [E.]. _ nn—-oo. Her. Malta. Florence Museum [E.1}. pp-rr. SQ. Malta. J. Ritchie, Esq. [P.]. ss-vv. 6, 9, & yg. Malta. A. A. Tollemacher, Esq. [P.]. ww-xx. Agr. Corfu., R. Frett, Esq. [P.]. Melanotic forms of var. tiliguerta :— Var. cerulea. Lacerta muralis, var. ceerulea, Eimer, Verh. Phys.-Med. Ges. Wiirzb. iii. 1872, Sttzb. p. ix, and Zool, Stud, Capri, il. —— —— faraglionensis, Bedriaga, Enst. d. Farb. b. d. Eidechs. 1874. Blackish above, sapphire-blue inferiorly. Faraglione Rock, near Capri. a. Q. Faraglione. Dr. J. v. Bedriaga [E.}. Var. filfolensis. Zootoca lilfordi, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 158 : Lacerta muralis, var. filfolensis, Bedriaga, Die Faraglione-Endechse, 1876. Black; back with round greenish spots; throat and sides of belly with blue spots. . Filfola Rock, near Malta. a-b. S. Filfola. A. A. Tollemacher, Esq. [P.]. D. Var. balearica. Lacerta muralis, Brawn, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wiirzb. iv. 1877, p. 1. » var. balearica, Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 221, pl. ix. fig. 3. A stout form with broad neck and relatively short body. Tail often but little longer than head and body, never more than once and two thirds that length. The brown colour usually predominates on the upper surfaces. 3. : millim. millim. Total length ...... 143 From end of snout to ead ee. sede gua sens 17 Veul vsea+ekees 62 Width of head .... 10°5 Fore limb........ 22 From end of snout to Hind limb ...... 37 forelimb ...... 29 Tet ie way we ea 81 4, LACERTA, 33 Balearic Islands. To this group belong the vars. gigholit, Bedr., pityusensis, Bosca (An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. xii. 1883, p. 246), and the melanotic lilfordit. Var. lilfordii. Zootoca lilfordi, part., Giinth. 1. e. Lacerta lilfordi, Brawn, 1. c. —— muralis, var. lilfordi, Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 225, pl. ix. figs. 1-2. : Scales extremely small, about 80 across the middle of the body, 4 or 5 corresponding to the length of a ventral plate. The hind | limb reaches the axilla in the female. Blackish brown above, sapphire-blue inferiorly. dé. 2. millim. — millim. Total length ........... 0.000000. 174 126 ead weird ew ehys aes saguesentaom ea 17 15 Width of head ......... Serene 12 9 From end of snout to fore limb...... 28 23 From end of snout to vent.......... 64 61 Fore limb ...... glare toneeaishs at atch ee 3 25 23 Hind limb) sacese eae. Ben tewge ea 37 385 Pas inp oot aegela geese oom eee cea Ss 110 65* Islets in the Balearic Group. a-d. $9. Ayre Island. Lord Lilford [P.]. (Types.) E. Var. hispanica. Lacerta oxycephala, var. hispanica, Steind. Sitzb, Ak. Wien, Ixii. 1870, i. p. 336, pl. i. figs. 3-6; Boettg. Abh. Senckend. Ges, xii. 1881, p. 376. —— oxycephala, part., Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 404. — wuralis, subsp. steindachneri, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckend. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 256. Head and body much depressed ; snout moderately long, acutely ‘pointed. Frequently five upper labials anterior to the subocular. No masseteric shield. Collar-plates very small; gular fold scarcely indicated. Scales small, flat, smooth, roundish, 50 to 60 across the middle of the body. Grey above, with five or seven longitudinal blackish streaks usually bearing small irregular light spots; the lateral streak passing through the eye broadest, the vertebral narrowest ; in the young, the lateral black streaks separated by pure white ones ; lower surfaces uniform whitish. * Tail reproduced. VOL, Iii. D 34 LACERTID&. 3 9. millim. millim Total length*....... 6.6. c eee eee 125 112 Head) occ. en igh ae ae Rae S oS . 10 8 Width of head... 0... eee eee eee 7 5 From end of snout to fore limb...... 18 14 From end of snout tu vent ......-.- 40 35 Fore limb ....... ce eee ee renee 14 12 Hind limb 2.0.0.6 .0.80seeeeeee ees 21 19 "Palas 5 ada ecscaoe slr asp Romane alae Sere 85 77 South of Spain. a-b. 9 & her. Almeria. Senckenberg Museum [E.]. F. Var, bedriagz. Lacerta oxycephala, part., Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 235. Podarcis oxycephala, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Lacerta oxycephala, Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 250, pl. xi., and 1883, p. 260. —— — , var. reticulata, Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat, Mosc. 1881, p. 82. — ——, subsp. bedriagee, Camerano, Zool. Anz. 1885, p. 418, and Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 48. —— bedriage, Ledriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 284. Head and body much depressed ; snout long, obtuse. Frequently five anterior upper labials; masseteric plate small or absent. Collar-plates small; gular fold feebly marked. Scales very small, flat, smooth, 66 to 70 across the middle of the body. Olive above, with large black network ; lower surfaces reddish or pink in life; throat often with a blackish network; belly with a few irregular blackish spots. millim. millim. Total length ...... 215 From end of snout to Héadjecveina aoe 20 :) 1 ee 75 Width ofhead ... 14 Fore limb........ 28 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 42 forelimb ...,.. 31 TEST. oie ereincee tore eee ace 140 Mountains of Corsica. ad Tinozzo. Florence Museum [E.]. ba. Corsica. Dr. J. vy. Bedriaga Ge . e-d. & & hgr. Corsica. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. tp. 12. Lacerta depressa t. cg ali (non Pall.), De Filippi, Arch. p. 1. Zool. ii. 1863, p- 386. Podarcis depressa, Camerano, Atti Acc. Torin, xiii. 1878, p. 539. Lacerta depressa, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 272. * Dimensions of the ¢ from a specimen in Dr, v. Bedriaga’s collection. + I have examined a ¢ specimen of the var. rydis in Dr. v. Bedriaga’s collection, 4, LACERTA. 35 Head and body much depressed; snout rather long, obtuse. Rostral not entering the nostril; a single postnasal; four upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital as broad as but much shorter than the interparietal ; temporal scales granular ; masseteric ~ plate present or absent, supratemporal and tympanic present. Gular fold scarcely distinct; gular scales small, 25 to 30 on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar even-edged, with (7 to) 10 plates. Dorsal scales small, convex, smooth, roundish, juxtaposed, not smaller on the sides, where three correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 48 to 60 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series, the median and the outer series much narrower than the two others; 25 to 27 transverse series; additional lateral plates absent. Preanal plate bordered by two semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches tho shoulder in the male (not so far in the female). Scales on upper surface of tibia larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, keeled. Femoral pores 17 or 18 (to 22). Tail not twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales truncate, upper strongly keeled, the basal ones somewhat tubercular. Olive-grey above, with irregular small black spots, and round light spots on the sides; lower surfaces whitish (in spirit). millim. millim. Total length ...... 177 From end of snout to Head ........... , 16 Vent @escacesxs 72 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb ........ 24 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 38 fore limb ...... 25 Tail (reproduced) .. 105 This species falls into two varieties, which have been named by Bedriaga modesta and rudis, To the former, which is charac- terized by smaller scales (60 across the body) and less distinctly tubercular caudals, belongs the specimen in the Collection. Trebizond. aod. Trebizond, Turin Museum [E.]. (One of the types.) 13. Lacerta dugesii. Teira punctata, Gray, Cat. p. 33. Lacerta dugesii, M.-Edw. Ann. Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 71, 84; Dum. & Bibr, v. p. 236; Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1879, p. 330, and Adh, Senckenb. Gies. xiv. 1886, p. 308. _ : Teira punctata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280. Lacerta maderensis (Fitz.), Girard, U. S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 200, pl. xxiv. figs. 1-8. —— punctata, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 743. Head rather strongly depressed ; snout long, acuminate. Rostral not entering the nostril; two superposed postnasals; five labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supra- oculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital usually as large or larger D 36 LACERTIDE. than the interparietal; temporal scales small; tympanic shield distinct ; no masseteric or large supratemporal. Gular fold distinct ; 26 to 35 scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar even-edged, with 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales very small, granular, smooth or indistinctly keeled, not larger on the sides, where four or five correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 60 to 75 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates square, broader than long, median series narrower than the others, in 6 longitudinal and 25 to 28 transverse series. Preeanal bordered by a series of scales. The adpressed hind limb reaches usually the elbow or the axilla in the female, the shoulder or the collar in the male. Scales on upper surface of tibia rather smaller than dorsals. Femoral pores 16 to 24. Tail once and a half to twice the length of head and body; caudal scales truncate, upper keeled. Olive or greyish above, dotted or spotted with greenish and black ; frequently a more or less distinct broad black lateral band, dotted with greenish; lower surfaces greenish, uniform or black-dotted. One of the specimens in the collection is entirely black. maillim. millim. Total length: iycsesadsewesuaeeuies 209 172 Heid. satan am syne ee Ke eee eee ae 17 15 Width of head... 6... . ee cece eee 13 9 From end of snout to fore limb...... 30 24 From end of snout to vent.......... 74 64 Ore Vibe. jo. acters cg ahaa eee ase 29 21 iad UTD: ee ic se pee ceri gee eae 39 32 Paths 4 gagisis aa Gia wd tng ei ont lente 135 108 Madeira; Canary Islands. ad. Madeira. T. Bell, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Tetra punctata.) b-d,e. SQ. Madeira. Capt. Parry [P.]. Sk. SQ. Madeira. A. Christy, Esq. [P.]. 1-0. 6 Q. Madeira. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. p,q. Several specs.: Madeira. 3,2, & her. nm OQ, Orotava. R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.]. s. Ye. Teneriffe. H.LMLS. ‘ Challenger,’ 14. Lacerta oxycephala*, Lacerta oxycephala, part., Dum. & Bibr. vy. p. 235; Schrei } They te » part., & p. chrewb. Herp. —— oxycephala, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges, xiv. 1886, p. 276. Head and body much depressed; snout long, acuminate. Rostral not entering the nostril; two superposed postnasals; five upper labials anterior to the subocular ; a series of granules between the supra- * I have examined two specimens (Q & hgr.) in Dr. v. Bedriaga’s collection. 4, LACERTA, 37 oculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital shorter but a little broader than the interparietal ; temporal scales-granular ; “masseteric, supra- temporal, and tympanic plates large. Gular fold absent (or indi- cated); gular scales very small, 33 to 38 on a line between the eollar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar even-edged, with 11 to 13 very small plates. Dorsal scales very small, flat, smooth, roundish, juxtaposed, a little smaller on the sides, where four correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 62 to 70 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates broader than long, subequal in size, in 6 longitudinal and 27 to 29 transverse series ; additional lateral plates very small, if distinct. Praeanal plate bordered by one or two semicircles of small plates, The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder. Scales on upper surface of tibia nearly as large as dorsals, feebly keeled. Femoral pores 22. Tail once and a half to twice as long as head and body. Caudal scales truncate, upper obtusely keeled. Greyish above, with small black dots and a dark network enclosing lighter spots; lower surfaces whitish (in spirit), 3. 2 millim. millim Total length ...........0....0.04. 170 162 HCA + Paces tartare ip detpanie ea citoes oan otha 15 13 Width of head ............... 1. 10 9 From end of snout to forelimb .... 27 22 From end of snout to vent ........ 60 62 Bore Jumps ai.as.s ei eke assdeee as 23 23 Hind Wm 6-1sa%s ev Ke eee etek 33 32 Pea te. sheaeetaee Gare Bh reciente ote. 2 110 100 Dalmatia. as. Curzola Island. Florence Museum [E.]. 15. Lacerta danfordii. (Purarz I. fig. 2.) Zootoca danfordi, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 818. Lacerta danfordi, Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1879, p. 80; Bou- leng. Proc, Zool. Soe. 1881, p. 741; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 259, ; : oxycephala, vars. modesta and maculata, part., Bedriaga, Bull. Soe. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 80. ; greeca, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. p. 290*. Head rather strongly depressed; snout long, obtusely pointed. Rostral usually entering or touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals; five upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital either as large as, or smaller than, or a little larger than, the inter- parietal; temporal scales granular ; masseteric plate usually absent, if present very small; a single supratemporal shield, bordering the * I have examined three specimens of the Greek form, one in Dr. v. Bedriaga’s, the two others in M. Lataste’s collection. 38 LACERTID., parietal anteriorly ; tympanic well developed. Gular fold absent or just indicated ; 23 to 30 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar even-edged, with 9 to 13 small plates. Dorsal scales small, flat, smooth, roundish, juxtaposed, a little smaller on the sides, where three or four correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 55 to 62 scales across the middle of the bedy. Ventral plates broader than long, subequal, or median series narrower, in 6 longitudinal series ; an additional outer series some- times present, but composed of smaller plates; 27 to 30 transverse series. Praeanal bordered by one or two semicircles of small plates. The adpressed hind limb reaches about the axilla in the female, the shoulder or the collar in the male. Scales on upper surface of crus smaller than dorsals, obtusely keeled. Femoral pores 21 to 26. Tail twice or more than twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales truncate, upper obtusely keeled. Olive-grey or brownish above, speckled or reticulated with black, with or without roundish lighter spots ; sides usually darker, with the light spots more distinct ; lower surfaces greenish white (in spirit), uniform or dotted with black. ee millim. Potal: length: ws wamiivev medion cern ses 227 145 DH Oa 0” chines crm avadeaty aie ei eye bree 18 13 Width of head: dis a saps ese we x wees 13 9 From end of snout to fore limb .... 32 21 From end of snout to vent ........ 75 52 HOre limb: goccws eck sewer ea ¥ ons 27 20 Bind WMD) posse cess eee base eas 41 30 Wait cate has by eho tes Rm ee ead 152 93 Asia Minor, Greece. a, Several specs.: ¢, Zebil Bulghar Dagh, ©. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. 2, & her. Cilician Taurus, T Lilic ( ypes.) b. Her. Kaisarieh. C. G, Danford, Esq. [P.]. 16. Lacerta brandtii. Lacerta brandtii, De Filippi, Arch. p. 0. Zool. ii. 1863, p. 887, and Viagg. Pers. p. 354; Blanford, Zool. E. Pers. p. 862, pl. xx. fig. 1; Boettger, in Radde, Faun. Flor, Casp.-Geb. p. 42; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges, xiv. 1886, p. 268, Head moderately depressed ; snout moderate, obtusely pointed. Rostral touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals ; five upper labials anterior to the subocular ; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital much smaller than the interparietal; temporal scales small, with distinct masseteric and tympanic shields ; three enlarged supratemporals border the parietal. Gular fold indicated ; 25 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar even-edged, composed of nine small plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, 50 to 55 across 4, Lacerta, 39 the middle of the body; three or four lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate. Ventral plates broader than long, sub-, equal, in 8 longitudinal and 30 transverse series. Two semicircles of scales border the anal. The hind limb reaches nearly or quite the axilla. Scales on upper surface of crus smaller than dorsals. Femoral pores 16 to 20. Tail about twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales keeled, obtusely pointed posteriorly, Olive-grey above, with four longitudinal series of black spots; a whitish streak along each side of the nape ; side with light spots; a large bluish, black-edged occllus above the axilla; lower surfaces greenish white, the edges of some of the ventrals black. millim, ¢ millim Total length* ...... 147 Fore limb ........ 22 Head!» sac: wow eccwkn 135 Hindlimb ...... 26 Width of head...... 8 Tail (reproduced)... | 80 BOd ys ce acai Rie 53:5 North-western Persia, Talisch. a-b. &. Rasano, Talisch. Hr. Leder [C.]. 17. Lacerta levis. Lacerta levis, Gray, Cat. p. 81. Lacerta levis, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 279; Giinth. Prov. Zool. Suc. 1864, p. 488; Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1881, p. 742; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 263. Podarcis judaica, Camerano, Att: Ace. Torin, xiii. 1877, p. 92, pl. ii, figs. 2-5. Lines judaica, Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 270; Boettger, Ber, Senckenb. Ges. 1879-80, p. 172. Head rather strongly depressed; snout rather long, obtuse. Rostral entering the nostril; two superposed postnasals ; five upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital at least as long as, and broader’ than, the interparietal; temple granular, with a large masseteric disk; tympanic shield present; a supratemporal shield bordering the parietal anteriorly. Gular fold feebly marked ; 19 to 23 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with even or very slightly serrated edge, with 9 to 13 plates. Dorsal scales oval or hexagonal, juxtaposed, keeled, 50 to 64 across the middle of the body ; three or four lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate. Ventrals much broader than long, in 6 longitudinal series, the median pair nar- rowest; 24 to 29 transverse series. Praanal bordered by one or two semicircles of small scales. The hind limb reaches the axilla in the female, the shoulder or between the shoulder and the ear in the male. Scales on upper surface of crus smaller than dorsals. * Dimensions after Bedriaga. 40 LACERTIDA. Femoral pores 16 to 21. Tail about twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales truncate, strongly keeled. Olive-grey above, back uniform or scantily dotted with black; a blackish band or series of black spots on each side, extending to the eye or the loreal region ; sides with round white spots ; lower surfaces uniform greenish white (in spirit). ; 3: Q. ? millim. millim Totallength 2. ...... eee eee eens 232 193 Head, sas.ccg buecad pae sone sees ee 21 15 Width of head .......- eee ee eee 15 10 From end of snout to fore limb...... 32 25 From end of snout to vent........-. 80 71 Fore limb 2... 0c. cere neers 28 24 Hind limb ........ 0c eee eee eee 46 39 Tall saga paweaGan cates ehaws's 152 122 Syria. a. Q. P [Type. ] b-d. 3 Q. Damascus. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. e-g. SQ. Jerusalem, Canon Tristram [C.]. hs. - Dead Sea. - Canon Tristram bod. 18. Lacerta jayakari. (Pxare II.) Head moderately depressed; snout long, obtusély acuminate. Rostral entering the nostril ; two superposed postnasals ; six upper Jabials anterior to the subocular ; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital broader than the inter- parietal; temple minutely and uniformly granulate, the granules much smaller than the dorsal scales ; tympanic shield very small ; a large anterior supratemporal shield, followed by a series of smaller ones. No trace of a gular fold; 47 to 50 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with very slightly serrated edge, composed of 13 or 15 small plates. Dorsal scales very small, granular, round, convex, smooth or very indistinctly keeled, 85 to 95 across the middle of the body; four or five lateral scales correspond to the length of the ventral shield. Ventrals broader than long, in eight longitudinal series, the outer series narrowest, the others equal; 27 or 28 transverse series. Preeanal small, surrounded by two or three semicircles of smaller plates. The hind limb reaches the collar. Scales on upper surface of crus slightly larger than dorsals, obtusely keeled. A series of large shields under the arm. Femoral pores 26 to 28. Tail about twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales truncate strongly keeled. Olive above; adult uniform, white-spotted on che cheeks and sides of the neck ; young spotted with black and whitish all over the body, with three black vertical bars on the temple and a black spot on each labial shield. Lower surfaces uniform yellowish. 4, LACERTA, 41 millim. nillim. - Total length ...... 472 From aid of snout to Head .........4., 38 METI aoa tre ahve 152 Width of head ..... QT Fore limb ........ 56 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 90 fore limb........ 65 Pall gas aicesere wee. 320 Arabia. ab, 5 & yg. Near Muscat. A.S. G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.]. 19. Lacerta galloti. Zootoca derbiana, Gray, Cat. p. 29. galloti, part., Gray, l. c. p. 80. Lacerta galloti, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 288; Boettg. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. ix. 1874, p. 174; Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1879, p. 825; Bouleng. Proe. Zool. See. 1881, p. 740; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 301. Head moderately depressed; snout long, obtuse. Rostral not entering the nostril; a single postnasal ; five upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital, in the adult, longer and broader than the interparietal; temporal scales granular ; masseteric and tympanic shields distinct; no large supratemporals. Gular fold indicated ; 40 to 46 gular seales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar with even or very slightly serrated edge, composed of 9 to 13 small plates. Dorsal scales very small, roundish-rhomboidal, juxtaposed, obtusely keeled, 84 to 96 across the middle of the body; three or four lateral scales correspond to ~ the length of a ventral shield. Ventrals in 12 or 14 longitudinal and 29 to 31 transverse series. Preeanal small, bordered by two or three semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches the shoulder or the collar. Upper crural scales smaller than dorsals. Femoral pores 23 to 31. Tail at least twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales truncate, strongly keeled. Olive-grey or dark olive above, with black and pale greenish spots; females and young with two light, black-edged longitudinal streaks on each side. Lower surfaces olive or blackish in the adult, paler in the young; throat, in the young, with angular grey bands converging forwards. A more or less distinct black band’ and a few whitish spots on the hinder side of the thighs. d. 9. millim. millim, Total length ......... 00. e esse eee 305 277 Head: .aedea gas ee seve eew sas 30 28 Width of head .............2 008 24 19 From end of snout to fore limb .... 52 48 From end of snout to vent ........ 115 112 42 LACERIIDZ. 3. Q. millim millim. Fore Dim. eevee ews oo wee oe 45 43 Hind dimb:. .a5-/asaseek cosiereny 71 72 Tail (reproduced)........++.0000+ 190 165 Madeira and Canary Islands. P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.]. a. Yg. Madeira. ; b,¢. 5 & yg. Teneriffe. H.MS. ‘ Challenger. d-e. 9 & her ? Lord Derby [P.]. (Types of Zootoca derbiana. t-g, h-i. Q, ——? (probably Orotava). R. McAndrew, Esq.’ [P.]. her., & yg. 20. Lacerta atlantica. Zootoca galloti, part., Gray, Cat. p. 80. - Lacerta atlantica, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii, 1882, p. 438; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 314. Head rather strongly depressed; snout long, obtusely pointed. Rostral not entering the nostril; a single postnasal; four upper labials anterior to the subocular ; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital, in the adult, broader than the interparietal; temporal scales granular; no masseteric shield ; t;mpanic distinct; usually a few enlarged supratemporals ; anterior border of ear denticulated. Gular fold distinct ; 24 to 27 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin- shields ; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales rhomboidal, slightly imbricate, obtusely and diagonally keeled, larger than the laterals, of which two or three correspond to the length of a ventral shield; 46 to 50 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 8 or 10 longitudinal and 27 to 29 transverse series. Precanal plate moderately large, bordered by two semicircles of small plates. The hind limb reaches the shoulder. Upper crural scales much smaller than dorsals. Femoral pores 19 to 22. Tail not twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales obtusely pointed posteriorly, diagonally keeled. Brownish above, with whitish black-edged ocelli, most distinct on the sides and limbs, and a light longitudinal streak on each side of the nape and back ; belly and collar whitish ; throat bluish grey or black ; chin-shields white, with a longitudinal blackish streak. millim millim. Total length ...... 152 From end of snout Head a0 veh mee ec 15 to vent ........ 60 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb........ 21 From end of snout Hind limb ...... 388 to forelimb .... 24 ail: x eam eweetawis 92 Canary Islands ; Madeira. 4, LACERTA.—5, ALGIROIDES. 43 a. Her. g. Lanzarote. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. (One of the types.) b. Yg. Madeira. P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.]. ce. Yg. —? (probably Orotava). R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.1. 21. Lacerta perspicillata. Thetia perspicillata, Gray, Cat. p. 32. Lacerta perspicillata, Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 249; Guichen. Explor. Se. Alg., Rept. p. 12, pl. i. fig. 3; Strauch, Erp, Alg. p. 34; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 295. Snout moderate, obtuse. Lower eyelid with an undivided trans- parent disk. Rostral not touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals ; five upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital shorter and a little broader than the interparietal; temples uniformly granular; a distinct tympanic shield. Gular fold indicated; 32 or 33 gular scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar even-edged, with 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, 54 to 56 across the middle ot the body. Ventral plates subequal, in 10 longitudinal and 29 to 35 transverse series. Preanal small, with one semicircle of smaller plates. When the limbs are pressed against the body, the hind limb reaches the elbow. 19 or 20 femoral pores (18 according to Bibron). Upper caudal scales smooth or very feebly keeled, truncate posteriorly. Green or bronzy above, uniform (or with light ocelli); uniform greenish inferiorly. millim. millim. Total length ie wei sscsiee.s wane’ 128 100 Ca die: cice as heen es ea eae see eee ed 14 11 Width of head .............0005. 10 8 From end of snout to fore limb .... 24 19 From end of snout to vent ........ 58 53 Fore limb... sek a ct eaa sae eae 19 17 Hinddimb: avxesasevesweeeaanss 29 24 Tail (reproduced).............005 70 47 Algeria. a,b. 2. Algeria. 5. ALGIROIDES. Algiroides, Bibron, in Bory de St. Vine. Expéd. Sc. Morée, Rept. p. 67; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 391. Notopholis, part., Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p. 10. Lacerta, part., Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 174. Notopholis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 34; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 448, Algira, part., Lataste, Ann, Mus, Genova, (2) ii, 1885, p. 125. 44 LACERTID®. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between three nasals and ' the first labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar well marked. Dorsal scales very large, imbricate, strongly keeled ; ventrals squarish, feebly imbricate, smooth. Digits feebly compressed, with smooth or tubercular lamella inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail long, cylin- drical. : Eastern coast of the Adriatic, Greece, Sardinia, Corsica. Synopsis of the Species. The hind limb, stretched forward, reaches the axilla or beyond; lateral scales much smaller than dorsals, two or three corresponding to the length of A VENTA: os cai G a Rew es we 1. negropunctatus, p. 44. The hind limb reaches the axilla or beyond ; lateral scales scarcely smaller than dorsals, as long as ventrals .... 2. moreoticus, p. 45. The hind limb does not reach the axilla ; lateral scales scarcely smaller than dorsals, as long as ventrals ........ 3. fitzingert, p. 45. 1. Algiroides nigropunctatus. Notopholis nigropunctata, Gray, Cat. p. 35. Lacerta nigropunctata, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 190. Notopholis nigropunctata, Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 452. Algiroides nigropunctatus, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 893. Head rather large, rather strongly depressed ; snout long, obtuse. Rostral touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals; normally five upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital (usually) a little longer and broader than the interparietal; temple with irregular scales; masseteric, tympanic, and supratemporal shields large. Gular fold distinct; 18 to 21 scales on a line between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields ; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales more than twice as large as the laterals, diagonally keeled, obtusely pointed, 22 to 26 scales across the middle of the body ; two or three lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral. Ventrals in 6 longitudinal series, median pair narrowest, and 23 or 24 transverse series. Preanal plate ordered by one semicircle of small plates. The adpressed hind imb reaches the shoulder or the collar (or the axilla). Femoral pores 15 to 18, Tail about twice as long as head and body. Olive- green above, usually with small black spots; lower surfaces greenish or blue. 5. ALGIROIDES. 45 millim. millim. Total length ...... 195 | From end of snout Head. 6ccsia esas ew 17 to vent ........ 62 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb........ 23 From end of snout Hindlimb ...... 37 to forelimb .... 27 Dail. ae cckearnd a. 183 Illyria, Istria, Dalmatia, Ionian Islands. ad. Gorice. Florence Museum [e}, ba Ss. Corfu. R. Frett, Esq. [P.1. a 3. Corfu. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 2. Algiroides moreoticus. Notopholis moreotica, Gray, Cat. p. 85. : Algiroides moreoticus, Bibr. in Bory, Expéd. Morée, Rept. p. 67, pl. x. fig. 5; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 399. Lacerta moreotica, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 192. ae moreotica, Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 451. Snout very short and obtuse. Two superposed postnasals; four upper labials anterior to the subocular : a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; occipitdl shorter than the interparietal ; temple with irregular scales ; masseteric, tympanic, and supratemporal shields distinct. Gular fold distinct; collar with serrated edge, composed of 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales rather sharply pointed, scarcely larger than the laterals, the length of which corresponds to that of the ventrals; 20 to 23 scales across the middle of the body. Ventrals in 6 longitudinal series, median and outer smallest, and 22 to 24 transverse series. Two elongate plates in front of the anal. The hind limb reaches the axilla or a little beyond. Femoral pores 12 to 15. Tail about once and a half the length of head and body. Olive-green above, sides with black and white spots; a yellowish streak along each side of the body. These markings are less distinct in var. dorie, Bedr., from Zante, which in other respects also somewhat approaches the following species. millim. millim. Total length ...... 110 Fore limb ........ 155 Head ..........55 12 Hind limb ...... 27 Width ofhead .... 7 Wass, saves nado Seaisihe 66 Morea. 3. Algiroides fitzingeri. Notopholis fitzingeri, Gray, Cat. p. 34. Notopholis fitzingeri, Wiegym. Herp. Mex. p. 10; Gené, Mem. Ace, Torin. i. 1839, p. 266, pl. i. fig. 2; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; De Betta Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf, p.22; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 449; Bedriaga ‘Arch. f. Nat, 1883, p. 259. 46 LACERTID. Lacerta fitzingeri, Dum. § Bibr. v. p.194; Camer. Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 86. Algiroides fitzingeri, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 405. Head small, strongly depressed ; snout moderate, obtusely pointed. Rostral touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals; four upper labials anterior to the subocular; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; occipital shorter and not broader than the interparietal; temple with irregular scales; masseteric — shield sometimes distinct ; tympanic and supratemporal shields large, Gular fold distinct; 18 to 20 scales between the collar and the third pair of chin-shields; collar with serrated edge, composed of 5 to 7 plates. Dorsal scales acutely pointed, scarcely larger than the laterals, the length of which corresponds to that of the ventrals ; 15 to 18 scales across the middle of the body. Ventrals in 6 longitudinal series, median and outer smallest, and 22 to 26 trans- verse series. Przeanal bordered by one semicircle of small plates. The hind limb does not reach the axilla. Femoral pores 10 to 12. Tail thick, once and a half to twice the length of head and body. Dark bronzy olive above, orange (greenish or greyish in spirit) inferiorly. ane millim, Notal length, < gene v a's y's Gesstteat wos 115 114 Gad: iis a2 screepsceicee hanna ae 9 8 Width of head ............ 0.000 6 6 From end of snout to fore limb .... 14 14 From end of snout to vent ........ 37 43 Fore limb... .. 0... 0.0 cece ee eee 12 11 Hand Tima assess eae eadendis 18 16 SE acts « sate iia devds aerestan ewes evsbeatey jase tlesueres 78 71 Sardinia and Corsica. ad. Tacquisara, Sardinia. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. b-c. 6 Q. Sassari, Sardinia. Florence Museum [E.]. d-e. $2. Sardinia. Baron v. Maltzan re Sg-*. 39. Sardinia. 6. PSAMMODROMUS. Psammodromus, Fiterng. N. Classif. Rept. p.22; Wiegm. Herp, Mex. p10; Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 251; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 88; Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb, vi. 1867, p. 408; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. Tropidosaura, part., Fitzing.1.c.; Wiegm.i.c.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 163; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges, xiv. 1886, p. 417. Algira, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 31. Aspistis (non Hoffm.), Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 156, Psammuros, Wagl. 1. c.; Wiegm. 1. ¢. Notopholis, Wagi. 1. ¢. 6. PSAMMODROMUS. 47 Algira, part., Gray, 1. ¢.; Lataste, l. c. Seiad Lataste, Le Naturaliste, 1880, p. 299; Bedriaga, 1. ¢. p. 411. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between two nasals, in contact with the first labial or separated only by a narrow rim. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar absent or very feebly marked ; a short fold in front of thearm. Back covered with large, rhombic, strongly keeled and imbricate scales ; ventralshields smooth. Digits slightly compressed, with tubercular or keeled lamelle inferiorly. Femoral ores, Tail cylindrical. South-western Europe and opposite coast of Africa. The four species which are referred to this genus are closely allied, and the following characters apply to all of them :—Snout moderately long, obtuse; supraoculars three, first largest, third smallest; a small additional shield is usually present, separating the first supra- ocular from the loreal; supraciliaries in contact with the supra- oculars ; occipital usually smaller than interparietal ; temporal scales irregular, smooth or obtusely keeled; an enlarged tympanic plate ; no auricular denticulation ; one or two loreals; subocular reaching the lip (except in some specimens of P. hispanicus), between the fourth and fifth labials. Gular scales strongly imbricate, gradually increasing in size towards the pectoral plates; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Lateral scales passing gradually into the ventrals, which are in six straight longitudinal series. A large preanal plate, bordered by one or two series of smaller ones. Synopsis of the Species. I. Collar distinguishable. Digits sharply keeled inferiorly ...... 1. hispanicus, p. 47. Digits tubercularly keeled inferiorly.... 2. blanci, p. 48. Il. No trace of a collar. Ventral plates of the median and outer series narrower than the others .... 3. microdactylus, p. 49. Ventral plates subequal.............. 4. algirus, p. 50. 1. Psammodromus hispanicus. Psammodromus hispanicus, Gray, Cat. p. 38. Psammodromus hispanicus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 52; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 897 ; Camer. Mon. Saur. Ital. p. 90. ; Lacerta edwardsiana, Dugés, Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1829, p. 386, pl. xiv. Aspistis edwardsiana, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 156. Notopholis edwardsiana, Wiegm. Herp. Mec. p. 10. ? Algira punctata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 283. Psammodromus edwardsii, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 253. edwardsianus, Bonap. Ann. Sc. Nat, (2) xii. 1889, p. 62, pl. iv. a. fig. 2, and Faun. Ital. The suture between the rostral and the first labial falls below the anterior border of the nostril; subocular frequently not reaching 48 LACERTIDE. the lip. Gular fold and collar distinguishable. 32 to 42 scales round the middle of the body. Ventrals broader than long, the median and outer series narrower than the two others. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla or the shoulder in the male, not so far in the female; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; subdigital lamella sharply bicarinate. 10 to 13 femoral pores on each side. Tail once and a half to twice as long as head and body. Olive-grey or bronzy above with small black and white spots, and one or two longitudinal white streaks on each side; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. Total length...... sacane eter Ne Ane 146 112 HOS! Os sine e ees aa ans a was 12 10 Width of head...........0 0.000. 9 75 From end of snout to fore limb .... 20 17 From end of snout to vent ........ 50 46 POS ATH, chs sacar settee pate oun ane 17 14 Gnd ama Ds. ac wie Bache aie bab ws Rete aed 28 22 TB ec occu, gabstaadie Wis anette eset onda aearacde 96 66 Mediterranean coast of France, Spain and Portugal ; Sardinia (?). a-b. 6 OD. Montpellier. e-d. 3 & her. Albutera, Spain. Lord Lilford [P.]. ef. dQ. Near Lisbon. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. g 2. Algarve. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. Var. cinereus. Psammodromus cinereus, G'ray, Cat. p. 39. Psammodromus cinereus, Bonap. Ann. Sc. Nat. (2) xii. 1839, p. 62, pl. iv. a. fig. 1, and Faun. Ital.; Lataste, Rev. Intern. Sciences, iii. 1880, p. 177. The only constant difference I can find between this form and the preceding is the uniform bronzy coloration of the upper surfaces, I have examined three specimens in M. Lataste’s collection. Spain and Mediterranean coast of France. 2. Psammodromus blanci. Zerzoumia blanci, Lataste, Le Naturaliste, 1880, p. 299; Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 411. Algira (Zerzumia) blanci, Boetig. Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 116. The suture between the rostral and the first labial usually falls below the anterior border of the nostril. A more or less distinct gular fold, connecting the ears; collar distinguishable. 30 or 32 scales round the middle of the body. Ventrals broader than long, the median and outer series narrower than the two others. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla in the male, not so far in the female ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye; digits inferiorly with a double series of more or 6, PSAMMODROMUS. 49 less strongly or obtusely keeled tubercles. 10 to 12 femoral pores on each side. Tail once and a half to once and three fourths as long as head and body. Olive or bronzy brown above, with two yellowish streaks along each side, bordered with small black spots ; sometimes a light vertebral band ; lower surfaces yellowish. é. Q. millim. millim, Total length.................05% 93 101 Tea © a eeciise setais loa ole Sox eee tetas 10 9 Width of head ..............005. 7 65 From end of snout to forelimb .... 15 14 From end of snout to vent ........ 38 40 Fore limb.............. 0.00 cee 14 12 Hind limb .................... 21 18 WPA is esas ey arin pierce seincpe gag ously 55 61 Algeria. a. Q. Lambesa. M. F. Lataste [E.] (One of the types.) 3. Psammodromus microdactylus *. Algira (Zerzumia) microdactyla, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 571, and Abh, Senck, Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 111, pl. i. fig. 2. The suture between the rostral and the first labial falls below the centre of the nostril. No gular fold; no trace of a collar. 28 or 30 scales round the middle of the body. Ventrals broader than long, the median and outer series narrower than the two others. The adpressed hind limb reaches, or nearly reaches, the axilla; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye; digits inferiorly with a double series of strongly but obtusely keeled tubercles. 11 to 13 femoral pores on each side. ‘Tail once and two thirds as long as head and body; upper caudal scales more strongly keeled than the dorsals. Olive above, with small black spots ; lower surfaces greenish yellow. millim. millim Total lengthy, ¢: csccuivav Gass vee as 117 119 GAGs: iessioh rath 4 baer das Sah eos et 11 11 Width of head ...............00. 75 7 From end of snout to fore limb .... 17 17 From end of snout to vent ........ 43 46 Fore limb............ 0000 ce eeae 15 15 Hind, WMD ¢ 456s cacao nes eda eurs 22 22 Pails hc als cane oases Dice eterna taae’ 74 73 Morocco. ‘ a. 9. Tangiers, M. H. Vaucher [C.]. * Besides the specimen in the Collection, this description is taken from the types in the Senckenberg Museum, VOL, III. E 50 LACERTIDE. 4. Psammodromus algirus. Algira barbarica, Gray, Cat. p. 35. Lacerta algira, Linn. S. N. i. p. 863. Scincus algira, Daud. Rept. iv. p. 269. ; Tropidosaura algira, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 52; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 169; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 31; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges, ix. 1874, p. 129; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 450 ; De Plancy, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 309 ; Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1879, p. 882, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 418. Lacerta (Algira) cuvieri, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 35. Algira barbarica, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. v. tig. 2. Psammuros algira, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 166. Algira (Tropidosaura) algira, Boetig. Abh. Senck, Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 116, and in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. 468. The suture between the rostral and the first labial falls below the centre of the nostril. No gular fold; no trace of a collar. 30 or 32 (to 36) scales round the middle of the body, ventrals included. Ventrals subequal, a little broader than long, roundish hexagonal, strongly imbricate. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla or the shoulder; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; subdigital lamelle smooth, tubercular, or feebly but distinctly bicarinate. 16 to 20 femoral pores on each side. Tail at least twice as long as head and body ; upper caudal scales like the dorsals. Bronzy above, with one or two golden, dark-edged lateral streaks; male with a pale blue ocellus above the shoulder, sometimes followed by one or two more; lower surfaces whitish. millim. seed Total length.................... 266 222 GAG es a el ama anv ge Wickes dae 20 16 Width of head ................0. 13 11 From end of snout to forelimb .... 29 24 From end of snout to vent ........ 76 72 orev: de eiie eee ekeoeeiage sd wee 27 24 Hindlimb...... "oak esha. wtearavecim ene 45 41 Waal tacts scteviredee agactucre ws Ped alacant nonce 190 150 South of France, Spain and Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Tunis. a Q. Madrid. M. V. L. Seoane [P.}. b-<. 3 2. Algarve. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. d-f. 3,2, & yg. Tangiers. M. H. Vaucher [C.]. Ghiyik SQ. Algeria. i-m & & yg. : e8 St. George Mivart, Esq. [P.]. 7. TROPIDOSAURA. Tropidosaura, part., Fitzing. N. Classif. Rept. p. 22; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 163; Bedriaga, Abhk, Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 417. Tropidosaurus, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 35. Tropidosaura, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 35. 7. TROPIDOSAURA. 51 Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between two or three nasals, well separated from the first labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar absent; a short fold in front of the arm. Back covered with large hexagonal-lanceolate, strongly keeled, and imbricate scales ; ventral plates smooth, imbricate. Digits subcylindrical, with smooth or indistinctly keeled lamelle inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail cylindrical. South Africa. 1. Tropidosaura montana. Notopholis ? capensis, Gray, Cat. p. 34. Tropidosaura montana, Gray, 1. c. p. 85. Lacerta (Trapidosanrnsy montanus, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 35. Tropidosaura montana, Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 172; Bedr. 1. c. p. 428. burchellii, Smith, Ill. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 7. In habit similar to Lacerta vivipara. Usually two superposed postnasals, the lower of which may form a suture with the rostral ; supraoculars in contact with the supraciliaries, first largest and separated from the loreal by a very small shield, third smallest ; interparietal much longer than broad; occipital small ; two enlarged supratemporal shields border the parietal; temple with irregular smooth shields ; an enlarged tympanic shield ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials. Gular scales large and strongly imbricate; the two or three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. 24 to 30 scales, ventrals included, ronnd the middle of the body. Ventrals strongly imbricate, in six lon- gitudieal series, those of the median and outer series scarcely broader than long, the others much broader than long; they form 22 to 26 transverse series. A large median preanal plate, bor- dered by one or two semicircles of small plates. The adpressed hind limb does not reach the axilla. 4 to 7 femoral pores on each side. Tail about twice as long as head and body. Olive- brown above, with two dark and two light longitudinal streaks on each side; a more or less distinct dark vertebral streak; lower surfaces pale, uniform or spotted with black. millim. millim, Total length ..............00008. 167 142 Head joes seats ona digas Bia wie teed date 12 10 Width of head ..............000- 8 6 From end of snout to fore limb .... 20 15 From end of snout to vent ........ 57 49 Foxe: Lim iss sisi a ce cone seer TS ook oe 18 15 Hind limb. ........-0. 000s eevee 26 19 Pail gaits cesg eo evant eae Gaee 110 93 Eastern districts of the Cape Colony and Kaffraria. a. Stuffed. 8. Africa. (Type of Notopholis capensis.) b-e. SQ. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Types of Tropidosaura burchellii.) E2 Or tw LACERTID&. 8. NUCRAS. Nucras, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 124. Lacerta, part., Dum. & Bibr. v.p. 174; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 24. Nucras, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 33. Zootoca, part., Gray, lc. p. 27. Bettaia, Bedrwaga, l. c. p. 435. Head-shields normal. Nostril well separated from the labials, pierced between two or three nasals. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar well-marked. Dorsal scales small, juxtaposed; ventral shields squarish, feebly imbricate, smooth. Digits subcylindrical, with smooth or very feebly keeled lamelle inferiorly, Femoral pores. Tail long, cylindrical. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Nucras tessellata. Zootoca teniolata, Gray, Cat. p. 29. Nucras tessellata, Gray, 1. c. p. 33. Lacerta tessellata, Smith, Mag. N. H. (2) ii. 1838, p. 92; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 244; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb., iii. p. 44; Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 374. livida, Smt, J. ¢. elegans, Smith, 1. c. j teeniolata, Smith, 1. ec. p. 98; Dum. & Bibr. p. 247; Bedriaga, .¢@ p. d8l. Teira ornata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 58. Eremias holubi, Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxxxvi. 1883 p. 83, 1. —*, sci cameranoi, Bedriaga, 1. c. p. 878 *, Body elongate; head moderate, slightly depressed, its length (to ear-opening) contained four and one third to five times in the distance from end of snout to vent. One or two postnasals; a few granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; inter- parietal long and narrow ; occipital very small; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials ; temple granular ; two or three enlarged supratemporals border the parietal; usually a small tympanic shield. Gular scales small, smooth; collar with very slightly toothed edge, formed of 7 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, roundish or hexagonal, smooth, a little larger on the sides; 40 to 48 scales across the middle of the body; ventrals in 6 or 8 longitudinal and 27 to 33 transverse series. Preanal region usually with two large median shields, one before the other, or three shields forming a triangle. Limbs moderate, overlapping when adpressed; foot longer than the head (to occipital shield). Femoral pores 11 to 16. Tail twice to thrice as long as head and body; caudal scales strongly keeled. Colour very variable ; upper parts brownish, with or without dark and light longitudinal * Types examined, at : 8. NucRas. 53 lines ; sides usually dark brown, with round white spots or vertical bars ; lower surfaces white, immaculate. muillin, millim. Total length ...............00005 250 234 Head cis. os wee res et aiws oaks oie 18 19 Width of head .................. 12 13 From end of snout to fore limb .... 28 30 From end of snout to vent ........ 80 94 Fore mb ¢aveen ce eiens ben eu ewe 25 26 Hand: Hibs aani ae cee Sesacghep we ka 38 40 Tak: caigiweaveteriieusaed ‘.... 170 140 * Tropical and South Africa. a-b, c-d, e-f, g-1, S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.}. k. 3,2, & her t. Her. 8. Africa. m, Yg. _Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [P.]. (ype of Tetra ornata.) no, dQ. Lake Nyassa. 2. Nucras delalandii. Nueras lalandii, Gray, Cat. p. 33, Lacerta lalandii, M-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 70, 84. intertexta, Smith, Mag. N. H. (2) ii. 1888, p. dg Eremias (Nucras) lalandii, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280. - Lacerta delalandii, Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 241, pl. xlviii. Bettaia delalandii, Bedriaga, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 435. ’ Body much elongate in the adult; head small, not depressed, its length (to ear-opening) contained five and one fourth to six times in the length from end of snout to vent in the adult, four and a half to five times in the young. Two superposed postnasals ; no granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; interparietal long and narrow; occipital very small; subocular bordering the lip between the fourth and fifth (rarely fifth and sixth) upper labials; temple granular; two or three enlarged supratemporals border the parietal; tympanic absent or very small. Gular scales small, smooth ; collar with very slightly toothed edge, formed of 7 to 13 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, larger on the sides, where -they pass into the ventrals; 35 to 40 scales across the middle of the body; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series, outer narrowest, and 33 to 37 transverse series. Preanal region with several plates, the postero-median of which is usually the largest. Limbs short, separated or just meeting when adpressed in the adult, overlapping in the young; foot not longer than the head (to occipital shield). Femoral pores 10 to14. Tail thick, once and two thirds to twice * Tail injured. 54 LACERTIDE. as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled. Greyish or brownish above, with large black spots sometimes confluent into irregular transverse bands on the back; the black spots with round white ones in the centre; lips with vertical black bars; lower surfaces white (in spirit), black-spotted in the adult, 3. 2 willim. millim. Total length ......... 0.0 ee ee eee 289 337 ead vehakicm Sheer Lek eee OS 17 20 Width of head .......... ce eee eee 12 14 From end of snout to fore limb .... 27 35 From end of snout to vent ....... 94 112 Fore: Him) $55 cede wee vee torn a eie ee 24 27 Bind mb: secede wee ce aes 35 39 OD AT ly A dace fey aretha eS OS a Sakae 195 225 South Africa. a, b-d. 5,9, & her. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. ef,g 5,2, & yg. S. Africa. ho. Peri Bush, 8.E. H. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. | Africa. uo. Eastern District of F. P. M. Weale, Esq. Cape Colony. [Peja k. d. Damaraland. 9. LATASTIA. Latastia, Bedriaga, Ann. Mus. Genova, xx. 1884, p. 807; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between two or three nasals and the first upper labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar well- marked. Dorsal scales juxtaposed or imbricate; ventral shields quadrangular, feebly imbricate, smooth. Digits subeylindrical, with keeled lamelle inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail long, cylindrical. East Africa north of the equator; Arabia. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal and lateral scales small, subequal ; two superposed post- nasals. More than 50 scales (counting from the ven- [p. 55. trals) across the middle of the body ........ 1. longicaudata, Less than 50 scales across the body.......... 2. bosce, p. 56. IL., Scales on the back larger than those on the flanks, imbricate. Two superposed postnasals ; dorsal scales sharply Weeled ys isicshaca ie i-e baanie sai ween Mortrarest 618, bars 3. carinata, p. 56. A single postnasal; dorsal scales smooth or obtusely keeled ...... Sei aera tena eae 4. spinalis, p. 57. 9. LATASTIA. 55 1. Latastia longicaudata. Lacerta longicaudata, Reuss, Mus. Senck. i. p. 29 *. —— samharica, Blanf. Zool. Abyss. p. 449, fig. —— sturti, Blanf. 1. ¢. p. 452, fig. Eremias revoili, Vadll, Miss, Révoil aux Pay Ys Comalis, Rept. p. 20, pl. iii. fig. 2*. Latastia dee Bedriaga, Ann, Mus. Gienova, xx. 1884, p. 318. _—— samharica, Bedriaga, 1. e. p. 319, Head rather elongate; snout obtuse. Two superposed post- nasals ; frontal narrowed posteriorly, more or less distinctly grooved anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, with a few small shields in front and behind, and a series of granules externally; interparietal narrow, much longer than broad; occipital small; a small shield is occasionally present between the two latter; a band-like shield borders the parietal, and another, curved one, the ear supero- anteriorly ; temporal scales granular, smooth or obtusely keeled; no auricular denticulation; subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh upper lJabials. Gular scales small, smooth; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact, collar slightly curved, with toothed edge, formed of 9 to 11 large plates. Dorsal scales small, granular or rhomboidal, juxtaposed, smooth on the nape, more or less distinctly keeled and increasing slightly in size on the back; 55 to 65 scales across the middle of the body (counting from the ventrals). Ventral plates in 6 or 8 straight longitudinal and 27 to 30 transverse series (from the collar-fold to the preanal region); the shields of the two median series narrower; the outermost series, if present, com- posed of still smaller shields; a group of smaller irregular shields on the pectoral region. Preeanal region covered with small irre- gular shields, or with a large transverse postero-median shield. The hind limb reaches the collar or between the latter and the ear ; a series of very large, and one of smaller, subtibial plates. 5 to 12 femoral pores on each side. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled, basal sub- eaudals smooth. Yellowish or pale brown above, with longitudinal blackish streaks or series of spots on the back; the vertebral streak is the most constant ; a brown band on each side of the body, usually bearing a series of large blue ocelli; sides of head and body fre- quently with vertical black bars; upper surface of limbs with dark network ; lower surfaces white. 3 Q. millim. millim Total length ..........00..0. 327 333 Head! | vaio eae area eS ee 24 20 Width of head ...........-.. 14 12 ‘From end of snout to fore limb. 43 34 * Types examined. 56 LACERTID ZH, $ millim millim From end of snout to vent .... 107 83 Fore limb. ......-.. eee eee 34 29 Hind limb .... 0... eee eee 62 53 Pail sascce wage Gana cei e 220 250 Arabia, Abyssinia, Somaliland, Taita. a-b. S. Coast of Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. Types of Lacerta samharica.) e. 9. Komayli Pass, Abys- W. 1. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. sinia. Type of Lacerta sturte.) dé. Rugdeia Sogheira, Adal. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. (One of the types of Latastia doriat.) e-g. d & yg. Keren, Bogos. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. (Types of L. doriat, var. martensi.) 2. Latastia bosce *. Latastia boscai, Bedriaga, Ann. Mus. Genova, xx. 1885, p. 3822. Very closely allied to the preceding. Dorsal scales elongate, hexagonal, keeled only on the hinder part of the back, 42 to 46 across the middle of the body. No irregular smaller scales on the pectoral region. Femoral pores 10. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder or halfway between the collar and the ear. Pale brown above, with five or seven blackish longitudinal streaks on the back ; sides black, with large round white spots and a few blue ocelli. millim. millim. Total length ...... 150 From end of snout Mead: s% 6a eae aegis 12 to vent ........ 50 Width of head .... 7 Fore limb ........ 17 From end of snout Hind limb........ 32 to forelimb .... 21 PSTD ices dials iScauseelicta 100 Abyssinia. 3. Latastia carinata. Lacerta carinata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 368, pl. —. fig. 1 f. Also very closely allied to L. longicaudata. Dorsal scales granular and smooth on the nape, rhomboidal, strongly keeled and gradually much enlarged on the back, and passing into the caudals; the lateral scales smaller; 45 or 46 scales across the middle of the body. Femoral pores 11. Light brown above, tinged with reddish ; a lateral irregular dark band with a series of large blue ocelli. * Described from the type specimens in the Genoa Museum. t Type (8028) examined. 9. LATASTIA. ‘ 57 millim. millim. Total length ...... 290 From end of snout Mead wiec evn aekes 21 to vent ........ 80 Width of head .... 12 Fore limb ........ 25 From end of snout Hind limb........ 50 to forelimb .... 32 Math! Scheie Setaats 210 Brava, East Africa. 4. Latastia spinalis *. Lacerta spinalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 369, pl. —. fig. 2. Head small; snout short, obtuse. -A single postnasal; frontal narrowed posteriorly, feebly grooved; two large supraoculars, pre- ceded and followed by a few small shields, and separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules; interparietal very narrow }; a small occipital; a band-like shield usually borders the parietal externally, and another, curved one, the ear supero-anteriorly ; temporal scales granular, smooth; no auricular denticulation ; sub- ocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth upper labials. Gular scales moderate, gradually increasing in size towards the collar, which is angular, with toothed edge, and composed of 8 to 10 plates; the three anterior pairs of chin- shields in contact. Nuchal scales granular, convex; four longitu- dinal series of large, irregular, imbricate, smooth, or fecbly keeled scales along the middle of the back ; lateral scales small, smooth or feebly keeled, imbricate ; 34 to 42 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 straight longitudinal and 27 to 32 trans- verse scries; the plates of the median and outer series narrower than the others, but much broader than long; no small pectoral scales. Praanal plates small and irregular, or two median enlarged. Femoral pores 12 to 15. Tail twice to twice and a halfas long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled, basal subcaudals smooth. The type specimen is brown above, with six lighter longitudinal streaks; lower surfaces and upper lip white. The specimen in the Collection is pale brown above, with a lateral series of black spots. millim. millim. Total length ...... 168 From end of snout fc I =1:1(0 arene er era 12 to vent ........ 55 Width ofhead .... 7 Fore limb ........ 19 From end of snout Hind limb........ 34 to forelimb .... 19 aa. ei seins eae 113 Abyssinia. a 3. Rugdeia Sogheira, Adal. Marquis G. Doria [P.]- * This species is described from the specimen in the Collection, as well as from the type (7633) and a male from Adal Country (10270) in the Berlin Museum, and a female specimen in Dr. v. Bedriaga’s collection. ; + Its absence in the type specimen is an individual anomaly. 58 LACERTID 2. 10. ACANTHODACTYLUS. Acanthodactylus (Futz.), Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p. 10; Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 265; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 386; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 388 ; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 181; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii, 1885, pp. 125, 477. Scapteira, part., Gray, Aun. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280. Ida, part., Gray, l. c. p. 281. Meroles, part., Gray, p e. p. 282, Head-shields normal, occipital absent. Nostril pierced between two nasals and the first labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar more or less distinct. Dorsal scales juxtaposed or imbricate ; ventrals smooth, slightly imbricate. Digits keeled inferiorly and more or less strongly fringed laterally. Femoral pores. Tail subcylin- drical. South of Spain and Portugal; Africa north of the equator; South-western Asia eastwards to the Punjab. Synopsis of the Species. I. Posterior dorsal scales very much larger than the anterior, strongly imbricate, sharply keeled, passing gradually into the caudals ; not more than 16 longitudinal rows of keeled scales between the hind limbs. Snout obtuse ; seldom more than 10 ventral plates across the middle of the body.... 1. boskianus, p. 59. Snout acute; 12 or 14 ventral plates across the middle of the body .............. 2. cantoris, p. 60. II. Posterior dorsal scales but little enlarged. A. Not more than 10 ventral plates across the middle of the body, those of the median series much broader than long. 1. Four supraoculars, forming sutures with one another. Dorsal scales very strongly keeled ...... 3. syriacus, p. 61. Dorsal scales obtusely keeled; temporal scales not keeled ................4. 4. schreibert, p. 62. 2. A large anterior supraocular, fre- quently separated from the second by a series of granules ; fourth supraocular broken up into gra- nules ; the hind limb reaches the ear, or beyond .............. 5. micropholis, p. 63. 3. Only two large supraoculars, the first and fourth being broken up into small scales or granules; the hind limb not reaching the ear. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled ; the outer edge of the fourth toe strongly POCHNATS: cv. b wed eeuie was eae ee eA 6. savignyi, p. 63, 10. ACANTHODACTYLUS. 59 Upper caudal scales’ strongly keeled; toes very feebly but symmetrically pectinate. 9. vulgaris, p. 67. Seales on the basal third of the tail per- fectly smooth ; toes very feebly pectinate 10. tristrami, p. 68. B. More than 10 ventral plates across the middle of the body. Ventrals in 14 to 18 longitudinal series, not broader than long; snout acute; the scales forming the digital pectination (fourth toe) at least as long as the dia- meter of the corresponding part of the POG eciiin wOnenee AAW eke ace 7. scutellatus, p. 64. Ventrals in 12 or 14 longitudinal series, the median broader than long; snout more obtuse; the scales forming the digital pectination shorter than the diameter of the corresponding part of the toe...... 8. pardalis, p. 65. 1. Acanthodactylus boskianus. Acanthodactylus boskianus, Gray, Cat. p. 38. Lacerta boskiana, Daud. Rept. iii. p. 188, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2; Leche. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p.103; Aud. Deser. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. p. 178, pl. i. fig. 9. aspera, Aud. 1. ¢. p. 174, pl. i. fig. 10. Acanthodactylus boskianus, Wicomn Herp. Mev. p. 10; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 278; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 38; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 182, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 744, pl. lxiii. fig. 2; Eimer, Arch. f. Nat. 1881, pl. xv. fig. 26; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov, (2) ii, 1885, p. 496. Scapteira ineequalis, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280. Acanthodactylus asperus, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Snout obtuse. Four supraoculars, the fourth very seldom broken up into small scales; subocular not reaching the lip; temporals smooth or more or less strongly keeled; front edge of the ear usually distinctly denticulated. Dorsal scales strongly keeled, very much larger on the hinder part of the back than between the shoulders and on the flanks, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate; 10 to 14 (seldom 16, according to Lataste) large keeled scales on a transverse line between the hind limbs. Ventral plates considerably broader than long, in straight longitudinal and transverse series; 10 (seldom 12) plates across the middle of the body. A median series of broad preanal plates, posterior largest. The hind limb reaches the shoulder, the ear, or the eye. Digital denticula- tions strong, usually shorter than the corresponding diameter of the toe, much more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled; the scales under the base of the tail smooth or obtusely keeled. Young with whitish longitudinal lines separated by blackish interspaces with 60 LACERTIDE. series of round whitish spots; these markings become more indi- stinct or disappear with age, the adult being greyish, brownish, or buff, with or without small blackish spots. millim ok Total length: s0 ence r.eecva eee es 205 186 Tied diss se circ x kay ha wee EN EN 18 15 Width of head...............00- 13 11 From end of snout to fore limb .... 27 25 From end of snout to vent........ 75 66 Hore limb vcs caval eses Seeew ewes 26 23 Hind: limb: sy seu ew eatneee sees a. 46 39 Ma. oe aides Itsed Ned caud or wate ace rata 130 120 North Africa; Abyssinia; Arabia; Syria; Persia (?). This species presents two extreme forms, graduating into each other—the typical (L. boskiana of Daudin and Audouin) with smaller dorsal scales, hitherto found only in Egypt; and the var. asper, Aud., with larger scales, having a wide geographical range. Through the typical form this species is connected with A. syriacus, which leads to A. schreiberi, A. micropholis, and A. savignyt. Besides, the transition from A. boskianus to A. cantoris is so com- plete as to render the naming of certain specimens almost arbitrary. ad. « Algeria. bs. Bordj Medjej, Algeria. M. Lataste [P.]. ed. Bou Saada, Algeria. M. Lataste | P.]. ad. 3. Tunis. « Mr. Fraser [ 0. ]. ef Zarzis, Tunis. M. Lataste [P.]. fi.¢é Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Scapteira inequalis.) gh. SQ. Egypt. A. Paul, Esq. (P.]. wm. 3,2, &yg. Egypt. : n os Upper Nile. Consul Petherick [C.]. 0. 3. Zoulea, Annesley Bay, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. Abyssinia. p. ®. Arabia. Capt. Burton [P.]. q-7. 6 & her. Sinaitic peninsula. H.C. Hart, Esq. ['C.]. s~a. 3,9,&hgr. Mt. Sinai. y. Q. Neby Musa, hills to west Dr. Anderson [P.]. of Dead Sea. 2. Acanthodactylus cantoris. Acanthodactylus cantoris, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 73; Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xli. 1872, p. 91; Blanf. E. Persia, Zool. p. 881, pl. xxvi. fig. 83; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 745, pl. Ixiv. fig. 8; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 848; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 507. ? Acanthodactylus micropholis (non Blanf.), Murray, 1. e. Snout usually longer than in A. boskianus, acutely pointed; in consequence, the frontonasal and preefrontal shields more elongate. 10. ACANTHODACTYLUS. 61 Four supraoculars ; subocular not reaching the lip; temporal scales keeled; front edge of the ear usually rather feebly, but distinctly, denticulated. Dorsal scales strongly keeled, very much larger on the hinder part of the back than between the shoulders and on the flanks, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate; 10 to 16 large keeled scales on a transverse line between the hind limbs. Ventral plates usually broader than long, narrower than in A. boskianus, in straight longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series; 12 or 14 plates across the middle of the body. Usually a median series of broad preanals, posterior largest. The hind limb reaches the ear or the eye. Digital denticulations strong, usually as long as the diameter of the corresponding part of the toe, much more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Coloration as in A. boskiunus. sites millim. Total length ...... 225 From end of snout (Heads: ascites hawse 17 to vent ........ 70 Width of head .... 11 Fore limb........ 26 From end of snout Hind limb........ 49 to fore limb .... 28 Tail sp cscviauwavs 155 North-western India, from Agra to Sind, Baluchistan, South- eastern Persia. a-f. 3 & hor. Ramnuggar. Dr. Cantor. (Types.) a fr va | Hissar lel T. C. Jerdon, Esq. ba m,n-g,7-w. 6,9, Sind. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. _ hgr, & yg. : aus. Mand, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. fat y-% 3D. Dasht River, Balu- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. chistan. ay. 9. Between Nushkiand Dry. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Helmand River. Boundary Commission. 8. 3. Helmand River. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Commission. ed. Near Bam, 8.E. Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. (C.]. 3. Acanthodactylus syriacus. Acanthodactylus boskianus, var. syriacus, Boetig. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1878-79, p 69; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 498. — savignyi, part., Boctty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 178. — syriacus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 745, pl. lxiii. fig. 4. Snout obtuse. Four supraoculars; subocular not reaching the lip; temporal scales smooth or indistinctly keeled; front edge of ear not or but very feebly denticulated. Dorsal scales strongly keeled, very small on the nape, gradually increasing in size towards the posterior part of the back, where they are very much smaller than the caudals, rhomboidal, imbricate; 18 to 22 keeled scales 62 LACERTID&, in a cross series between the hind limbs. Ventral plates broader than long, not quite so broad as in A. boskianus, in 10 longi- tudinal series. Usually a median series of broad przanals, pos- terior largest. The adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum, or between the latter and the shoulder. Digital denticulations | strong, shorter than the diameter of the corresponding part of the toe, more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth. Coloration as in A. boskianus, but the light dorsal lines narrower. : dé. nillim. millim. Total length ...... 210 From end of snout Head oie cece oe 17 to vent ....... 75 Width of head .... 18 Fore limb ........ 27 From end of snout Hind limb........ 49 to forelimb .... 29 Tail cava gwaalen’se 135 Syria, Northern Egypt. a-b. 3 & her. Syria. cd. 2 & her. Beyrut. 4, Acanthodactylus schreiberi. Acanthodactylus savignyi (non Aud.), Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 887. —— ——, var. schreiberi, Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 188. — part., Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 178. —- schreiberi, Bowleny. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 746; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 505. Snout obtuse. Four supraoculars; subocular not reaching the lip ; temporal scales not keeled; front edge of the ear indistinctly denticulated. Dorsal scales minute, granular, smooth on the nape and between the shoulders, slightly enlarged, rhomboidal, imbricate, very obtusely keeled or tectiform towards the hinder part of the body. Ventral plates broader than long, in 8 or 10 longitudinal series. A median series of broad preanals, posterior largest. The hind limb reaches the shoulder. Digital denticulations rather feebly developed, much shorter than the diameter of the correspond- ing part of the toe, more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Upper caudal scales keeled; basal sub- caudals smooth or indistinctly keeled. Greyish above, the young with longitudinal white bands and series of small round white spots in the interspaces ; adult with longitudinal series of blackish spots. millim. millim. Total length (tail re- From snout to vent. 74 produced) ...... 174 Fore limb ........ 27 ead psy. acardiaia a's 18 Hind limb........ 44 a. Her. Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.]. 10. ACANTHODACTYLUS. 63 5. Acanthodactylus micropholis. Acanthodactylus micropholis, Blanf. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 38, and E. Persia, Zool. p. 383, pl. xxxi. fig. 2; Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 745, pl. lxiii. fig. 3; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 503. Snout obtuse. Three supraoculars, the fourth being broken up into granules, the first usually separated from the second by a series of granules; subocular usually bordering the lip; temporal scales smooth ; front edge of the ear very feebly denticulated. Dorsal scales more or less strongly keeled, very small on the nape, gra- dually increasing in size towards the posterior part of the back, where they are very much smaller than the caudals, rhomboidal, feebly imbricate. Ventral plates broader than long, in 10 longitu- dinal series. Preanals usually small, irregular or with a median series of transversely enlarged ones. The adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum or the eye. Digital denticulations mode- rately developed, much shorter than the diameter of the correspond- ing part of the toe, usually more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe *. Upper caudal scales keeled ; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Grey above, with white longitudinal lines on the body and round spots on the limbs; the interspaces between the light lines frequently blackish, with a series of small round white spots. 3: 2. millim. millim. Total length ....0 wc cece eens 187 —t CAO es ie cp cea ee ee ORS O Se EOE 15 14 Width of head .......... 0.000005 10°5 10 From end of snout to fore limb...... 26 24 From end of suout to vent ........ 62 60 Fore Limb «. 55 ssacaes eee sa se ces 26 24 Hind limb. oo cccgee ween en boise 48 43 Tall, | cia ckesiasiedt Sev ey 2O 8 ee ate 125 — Baluchistan, South-eastern Persia. ab. SO. Magas, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq.(C.].) 3 ce Q. Bampur, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. f d. 3. Near Rigan, Narmashir, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].( S.E. Persia. ; xo 6. Acanthodactylus savignyi ¢. Lacerta savignyi, Aud. Descr. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. p. 172, pl. i. fig. 8; M.-Edw. Ann. Sc, Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 78, 85. : Acanthodactylus savignyi, part., Vail. Miss. Révoil aux Pays Comahs, Rept. p. 19. : railtanti, Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 509, * The digital structure described by Lataste is abnormal. + Tail lost. ; ; ; ; t Described from a specimen from Somaliland in the Paris Museum (no. 6484, type of A. vaillanzi). 64 LACERTID.&. Snout obtuse. Two supraoculars, the first and fourth being broken up into numerous small scales and granules; subocular bordering the lip; temporal scales keeled; front edge of the ear not distinctly denticulated. Dorsal scales strongly keeled, minute anteriorly avd on the sides, larger, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate and keeled posteriorly. Ventral plates considerably broader than long, in straight longitudinal and transverse series ; 10 plates across the middle of the body. A median series of broad prwanals, pos- terior largest. The hind limb reaches between the collar and the ear. Digital denticulations strong, shorter than the corresponding diameter of the toe, much more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled ; basal subcaudals smooth. Yellowish grey above, with four longitu- dinal series of squarish brown spots on the nape and the anterior part of the body ; these spots more irregular on the hinder part of the back ; flanks and limbs with rather indistinct light ocelli. millim. millim. Total length ...... 215 From end of snout to Head ............ 17 WENGE: weighs ene a 73 Width of head .... 12 Fore limb........ 26 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 46 fore limb ...... 29 Tail) peck ess 142 Egypt, Somaliland. 7. Acanthodactylus scutellatus. Acanthodactylus scutellatus, Gray, Cat. p. 37. inornatus, Gray, Cat. p. 38. Lacerta grammica, part., Licht. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 100. scutellata, Aud. Deser. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. p. 172, pl.i. fig. 7; M.-Edw. Ann. Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 74, 85, pl. vi. fig. 3. —— olivieri, part., Aud. 7. c. p. 174, pl. i. fig. 11. dumerilii, M.-Edw. 1. c. pp. 75, 85, pl. vii. fig. 9. Scapteira inornata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1888, p. 281. Meroles dumerilii, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 282. Acanthodactylus scutellatus, Dum. & Bibr. v.p. 272 ; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 86; Steind, Sitzb, Ak, Wien, lxii. i. 1870, p. 331; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1878, p. 185, and Proe. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 744, pl. xiii. fig. 2; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 401; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov, (2) ii. 1885, p. 491. savignyi, var. schreiberi (non Boul.), Vaill. Miss. Révoil aux Pays Comalis, Rept. p. 20. Snout acute. Four supraoculars, fourth sometimes broken up; subocular not reaching the lip; temporals more or less distinctly keeled ; front edge of the ear usually strongly denticulated. Dorsal scales very small, rhomboidal, very slightly enlarged towards the posterior part of the body. Ventral plates as long as broad, or a little longer than broad, in irregular longitudinal and angular trans- verse series; 14 to 18 plates in a transverse series in the middle of the body. Preanals usually small and irregular, The hind limb reaches the tympanum or between the latter and the shoulder. 10. AcANTHODACTYLUS, 65 Digital denticulations strong, at least as long as the diameter of the corresponding part of the toe, much more developed on the outer than on the inner edge of the fourth toe. Greyish above, dotted or reticulated with darker; young with or without white longitu- dinal lines. millim. millim. Total lengths. :sc:ccee saanee vacua 173 144 FG sce 4 ate ec lho wih Se cai ele ios 16 13 Width of head................080. 12 10 From end of snout to fore limb ...... 23 21 From end of snout to vent .......... 63 57 BOL6 LM s iscs hitraw owe See Hn Eade 23 20 nd MAD ei ee deace wie daeeie Wace oe eae bees 44 35 ol AU array Sere tt ete Reece gee rater eer ere 110 87 Senegambia, North Africa, Somaliland, Sinaitic Peninsula, Syria. Lataste has distinguished three varieties, which do not seem to me to deserve special denominations: the typical form (var. scutel- lata), of which measurements are given above, from Egypt and Syria; a smaller variety, var. ewigua, Lat. (= 5 .saserg ergy eaeaeg eames naeess 19 18 Pail aves auie wee wets acd area saya e 7 66 Southern India. a ou Brumagherry Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. ' 5000 ft., Wynaad’ tj ee (Type.) b. Several specs., ¢ 9. Brumagherry Hills, Col. Beddome [C.]. 5000 ft., Wynaad. (Types of O. montzcola.) cd. 2 & yg. 8. Canara. Col. Beddome [C.]. 12. opntors. 75 3. Ophiops occidentalis. (Prarn IIT. fig. 2.) pee elegans (non Ménét.), Boetiger, in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tums, p. 467, Head moderate, feebly depressed. Upper head-shields smooth ; nostril lateral, pierced between an upper and a lower nasal, and fol- lowed by one or two postnasals; frontonasal single ; four supra- oculars, first and fourth small, all in contact with the supraciliaries ; occipital very small, widely separated from the interparietal, or absent ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials ; temporal scales small, smooth; two large supratem- porals, bordering the parietal; a very large, opercle-like tympanic shield. No gular fold; collar undistinguishable. Dorsal scales very large and sharply keeled, larger than the laterals, and but little if at all smaller than the caudals; 26 to 30 scales round the middle of the body, ventrals included. A more or less enlarged postero- median preanal plate. The hind limb reaches the ear, or halfway between the latter and the arm, in the male, the axilla or not quite so far in the female. 7 to 10 (usually 7 or 8) femoral pores on each side. Tail once and a half to twice as long a8 head and body. Olive or bronzy above, with black spots, and one or two light longitudinal streaks on each side; lower surfaces white. - 3. 9. millim. millim, Total leno this oe sieges Sieg eeree we 142 110° CHCA ds tas ai pare Bred aee eels Ewa a 11 10 Width of head ............... nae oS 7 From end of snout to forelimb .... 17 16 From end of snout to vent ........ 44 45 Fore lim bie sider oe O05 He a 17 16 Hanid Una yee tre wiedes eveerieen Cacti eeie 27 25 Dat) scapes aeeewowdicacd davntn ale SERRE 98 65 Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli. a 9. Porte de Fer, Algiers. M. F. Lataste [P.]. 6 8. Youkous, Algeria. M. F. Lataste [P. ]. e 9. Haded) des Matmata, Tunis. M. F. Lataste [P. ]. d-e. 8. Susa, Tunis. Mr. Fraser | C.]. 4. Ophiops elegans. Ophiops elegans, Gray, Cat. p. 44. macrodactylus, Gray, 1. ¢. Ophiops elegans, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p.63; Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 259, pl. lili. fig. 1; Bichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 78, pl. xii. figs. 1-5; Berth. Abh. Ges. Gétting. 1840, p. 56; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1872, p. 874; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 372; Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 867; Boettg. Ber. Senckend. Ges. 1879-80, p. 174, and in Radde, Faun, Flor. Casp.-Gieb. p. 48. 76 LACERTIDE. Amystes ehrenbergii, Wiegm. Arch. f. Nat. 1886, ii. p. 1. ? Algira punctata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 283. Ophiops macrodactylus, Berth. 1. ¢. Gymnops meizolepis, Stoliceka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 124. Ophiops meizolepis, Blanf. 1. c. p. 869, pl. xxv. fig. 2. —— schlueteri, part., Boettg, Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879-80, p. 176. Head moderate, feebly depressed. Upper head-shields smooth or slightly rugose; nostril lateral, pierced between an upper and a lower nasal, and followed by one or two postnasals; frontonasal single; four supraoculars, first and fourth very small, the two principal separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules; occipital small, in contact with or separated from the interparietal ; subocular bordering the lip, normally between the fourth and fifth upper labials; temporal scales small, smooth; usually two large supratemporal shields bordering the parietal; a large tympanic shield. A gular fold may be distinguishable; collar absent or feebly marked. Dorsal scales variable in size, as large as or larger than the laterals; 30 to 40 scales round the middle of the body, ventrals included. A more or less enlarged postero-median preanal plate. The hind limb reaches about the ear in the male, the shoulder or a little beyond in the female. 7 to 12 (usually 9 to 11) femoral pores on each side. Tail about twice as long as head and body. Olive or bronzy above, with black spots usually forming longitudinal series, sometimes forming a network; frequently one or two light longi- tudinal streaks on each side; lower surfaces white. ines millim. Totallengthicas sc aaiaaundeloateien 155 145 MEICAC peta ten men stale sidcauttcatendeneca ore 12 10 Width of head .................. 9 7 From end of snout to fore limb .... 20 17 From end of snout to vent ........ 53 50 Fore limb. ....... 0.0... .0 cee ee 21 17 Hind limb ....... Bia Gaueterantatanine 37 29 Pad: so ctrrevasan lenge Creal viata lesen coed toans 102 95 Turkey, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, Punjab. a. Constantinople. a oS. Smyrna. ae e S,9, Valley of the Meinder, R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.]. ys: LS. Xanthus. C. Fellows, Esq. [P.]. gl. SQ. Kaisarieh. C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. m. 2. Albistan. C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.|. mr. 3S. Zebil Bulgar Dagh, Cili- C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.}. cian Taurus, 4000 ft. s-u. § &hgr. Euphrates. C. G. Danford, Esq. [P.]. wud. Mount Hermon. Canon Tristram [ee w. 3. Lake Phiala, under Canon Tristram [C.1. Mount Hermon. 12. opHrops, oe 6 x2. N.E. slope of Mount Dr. Anderson [C.]. Hermon. ye ds Banias, S. slope of Dr. Anderson [C.]. Mount Hermon. 2 9. Sebastiyeh, Samaria, Dr, Anderson [C.]. a, Q,. Baalbeck. Dr. Anderson [ou B-y. 29 &hgr. Galilee. Canon Tristram [0.]. 6... Foot of Mount Tabor, Dr. Anderson [P.]. Galilee. en. Q. Jerusalem. Dr. Anderson ee é-. Hgr. Basrah, Mesopotamia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. = 3,9,& Persia. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. gr. nm. Q. Kuh-i-hazar, 8.E. of W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. Karman. p. Q. Karman. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. o. 3. Niriz, E. of Shiraz. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. t-v. 9. Between Karman and W.T. Blanford, Esq. [C.}. Shiraz. gp. 9. North of Isfahan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 5. Ophiops schlueteri. Ophiops schlueteri, part., Boetiger, Ber. Senckend. Ges. 1879-1880, p. 176, pl. iii. fig. 3. Very closely allied to O. elegans, of which it should perhaps rather be regarded as a variety than as a distinct species. The following are the differences :—NScales smaller, dorsals a little smaller than laterals, not one-fourth the size of caudals; 42 to 46 scales round the middle of the body. Femoral pores 12 to 14. The gular fold and the collar are distinguishable. Cyprus. ; a-b. § O. Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.]. c-d. Her. Cyprus. 6. Ophiops microlepis. Ophiops (Gymnops) microlepis, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 351, pl. xv. figs. 1-5. Gymnops microlepis, Stolezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. 1872, p. 90, and Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 74. Head much depressed; snout long; loreal region concave; upper labials projecting, angular. Upper head-shields smooth; nostril latero-superior, pierced between an upper.and a lower nasal; a small postnasal wedged in between the two nasals; these three shields more or less distinctly swollen; frontonasal single; pra- frontals obtusely keeled ; frontal much narrowed posteriorly, grooved longitudinally ; four supraoculars, first and fourth smallest, the two principal separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules ; occipital small, broader than the interparietal, with which it is usually in contact; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials; temporal scales small, obtusely keeled ; two 78 LACERTID.E. large supratemporals bordering the parietal; tympanic shield very large, opercle-like. No gular fold; collar usually distinguishable. Dorsal scales small, as large as or slightly larger than the laterals ; 52 to 64 scales round the middle of the body, ventrals included. Ventrals in six longitudinal series. A large postero-median preanal plate. The hind limb reaches the ear, or between the latter and the eye. 13to16 femoral pores on each side. Tail about twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales very large. Brown or greyish above, with small black spots which may form a network on the sides; usually one or two pale longitudinal streaks on each side; lower surfaces white. millim. millim, Total length ...... 207 From end of snout LOA oi tecs gee niersnd Ps 15 to vent ........ 65 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb........ 23 From end of snout Hind limb........ 42 to forelimb .... 24 Dat: ieraucelianeratice 142 Northern India. a-c. 3 & her. Cutch. F, Stoliczka, Esq. a d. 3g. Ajmere. W. T. Blanford, Esq. pt ef. d. Karharbari, Bengal. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 13. ICHNOTROPIS. Tropidosaura, part., Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 163. Algira, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 35. Ichnotropis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 617, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 45; Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 408 ; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. Eremias, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 888. : Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between three nasals. Lower eyelid scaly. No trace of a collar, save a curved fold on the side of the neck. Dorsal scales large, strongly imbricate, strongly keeled; ventral shields strongly imbricate, smooth. Digits sub- cylindrical, with sharply keeled, spinose lamelle inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail cylindrical. Africa south of the equator. 1. Ichnotropis capensis. Algira capensis, Gray, Cat. p. 36. dumerilii, Gray, 1. c. Algyra capensis, Smith, Mag. N. H. ii. 1838, p. 94. Tropidosaura capensis, Dum, § Bibr. p. 171; Bianconi, Spec. Zool, Mosamb. p. 61. , dumerilii, Smith, Ill. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 7. Ichnotropis macrolepidota, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 617, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 46, pl. viii. fig. 1. dumerilii, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. 1866, p. 43. bivittata (Bocage), Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. p. 48. 13. rcHNoTROPIS. 79 Head-shields strongly striated and keeled; frontonasal single; interparietal pentagonal, its posterior border forming a suture with a distinct occipital; parietals with rounded or angular posterior border; two or three elongate shields on the outer border of the parietals ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) upper labials. Dorsal scales nearly as large as caudals; ventrals rounded, in 10 longitudinal series; 35 to 40 scales round the middle of the body. Praanal scales small, sub- equal. The hind limb reaches the axilla or the shoulder. 9 to 12 (or 13) femoral pores on each side. Tail once and a half to twice the length of head and body. Yellowish or reddish brown above, with three longitudinal series of black spots on each side, more or less confluent into longitudinal bands, separated by light yellowish streaks ; the lower black band extends along the upper lip; lower surfaces yellowish white. millim. millim Total length...........0. 00.0000. 137 156 ead 2! dons ebetid demas e ae caigeeswiasehe oto 15 14 Width of head... .. 0... eee 9°5 9 From end of snout to fore limb .... 24 23 From end of snout to vent ........ 61 66 Fore limb... .. 0... cece ee eee 21 21 Hind, WM es doer end eed woven 32 31 aT pte Pa wats rears lye au leche a 76* 90 Inhambane, Delagoa Bay, Kalahari Desert, Angola. a. 3, bad state. N.E. of Lattaku, to- Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type of wards the tropic Tropidosaura dumerili.) of Capricorn. b-c. SQ. Duque de Bragance, Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. Angola. (As typical of I. bivittata.) 2. Ichnotropis squamulosa. Ichnotropis squamulosa, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 617, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 49, -pl. viii. fig. 2. Head-shields strongly striated and keeled; frontonasal longi- tudinally divided ; interparietal rhomboidal; no distinct occipital ; parietals obliquely truncated posteriorly ; a large shield bordering the parietals exteriorly ; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials. Dorsal scales consider- ably smaller than caudals; ventrals rounded, in 10 longitudinal series; 46 or 48 scales round the middle of the body. The hind limb reaches the shoulder or the antehumeral fold. 13 to 15 (or 16) femoral pores. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body. Coppery brown above, with two or three longitudinal series of small * Tail reproduced. 80 LACERTIDE, black and whitish spots on each side; young with two whitish longi- tudinal streaks on each side; lower surfaces yellowish white. willim, millim. Total length...........e ee eee ees 203 227 Heads tote eka oak nee RS 16 18 Width of head ......-.-.-e eee ee 11 12 From end of snout to forelimb .... 27 31 From end of snout to vent ........ 68 V7 Horehimbng sac3 da cece ie ee a 26 28 - Hind lMb ccsetes ceases eases 37 42 Maal aid, cucdtectiane a adonieeoeaike Mea eee tee 135 150 Damaraland, Kalahari Desert, South-east Africa. a, b-d. 3 & yg. Kalahari Desert. Sir A Smith [P.]. e. 9. Lake Nyassa. B. Thellwall, Esq. [C.]. 14. EREMIAS. Podarcis, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 155; Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 408. : Eremias (Fitz.), Wieym. Herp. Mex. p.9; Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 286; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 60; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 126, Eremias, part., Gray, Ann. N.H. i, 1838, p. 280, and Cat, Liz. p. 39. Scapteira, part., Gray, J. c. p. 281. Ida, part., Gray, 1. ¢. Mesalina, Gray, l. ¢., and Cat. p. 42. Aspidorhinus, Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 74. Podarcis, Schretb. Herp. Eur. p. 374. Pseuderemias, Boettyer, Abh. Senck, Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 118. Bouleugeria, Lataste, J. c. p. 116. Head-shields normal; occipital often absent. Nostril pierced between three or four nasals. Lower eyelid scaly, or with a small transparent disk. Collar more or less distinct. Dorsal scales small, juxtaposed or imbricate; ventral shields feebly imbricate, smooth, Digits subcylindrical or compressed, with keeled lamella inferiorly. Femoral pores. Tail cylindrical. Africa; Asia. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventral plates in straight or somewhat irregular longitudinal series ; occipital shield usually present; lower nasal, if un- divided, resting on the first labial only. A. Ventrals in 6 to 10 longitudinal series, the outer series (composed of much smaller plates) included. 1. Supracculars in contact with the frontal. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series ; dorsal scales strongly keeled ........ 1. nitida, p. 83. 14. EREMtaAs. 81 Ventrals in 8 series ; dorsal scales smooth 5. pardaloides, p. 87. Ventrals in 10 series; scales on upper surface of tibia not larger than dorsals. 6. guttulata, p. 87. Ventrals in 10 series; scales on upper surface of tibia much larger than dorsals, imbricate, strongly keeled.. 11. undata, p. 92. 2. Supraoculars entirely surrounded by granules; ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series. Lower nasal undivided, normal ; upper head-shields strongly striated ...... 2. spekii, p. 84. Lower nasal undivided; upper head- shields not striated; scales on upper surface of tibia not larger than dorsals 3. lugubris, p. 84. Lower nasal divided, the nostril being pierced between four shields; scales on upper surface of tibia much larger than doredls 2 so0< esc vanewew new 4. brenneri, p. 86. B. Ventrals in 12 to 16 series. 1. The distance between the loreal and the first of the two largest supraoculars is less than the length of the latter shield. Frontonasal separated from the rostral by the nasals ; ventral plates of the two median series as large as the OLDOES Ss eS Sas oven ie Aet Wee Ome 7. brevirostris, p. 89. Frontonasal in contact with the rostral ; occipital present ; subocular bordering CHE LP) sire rcpe cease snes eva sree « 8. rubropunctata, p. 89. Frontonasal in contact with the rostral; no occipital ; subocular not reaching tHE Lp. cose ines 34S CURA SSR 9. suborbitalis, p. 90. Frontonasal separated from the rostral ; ventral plates of the two median series smaller than the others ............ 10. namaquensis, p. 91. 2. The distance between the loreal and the first supraocular equals or exceeds the length of the latter shield. a. Lower eyelid with a large transparent disk formed of two scales. Scales on upper surface of tibia much larger than dorsals; latter keeled only on the hinder half of the body ...... 12. pulchella, p. 93. Scales on upper surface of tibia not, or but slightly larger than the posterior dorsals ; latter keeled from between the shoulders ......eess seen cree 13. lineo-ocellata, p. 94. Vou. III. @ 82 LACERTIDE. b. Lower eyelid with a semitransparent disk formed of several small scales; dorsal scales perfectly smooth. Frontonasal shield separated from the POSUIAL T aciaenswaceaetoe We a acete eb weal 14. burchelliz, p. 95. Frontonasal in contact with the rostral.. 15. capensis, p. 96. II. Ventral plates forming very irregular or oblique longitudinal series, converging posteriorly ; occipital absent; lower nasal forming a suture with the two or three anterior labials. A. Not more than 30 gular scales ona line extending from the collar to the suture between the chin-shields. 1. 15 to 25 femoral pores on each side; subocular bordering the lip. The length of the foot in the adult less than the distance between the collar- fold and the nostril; 50 to 65 scales (counting from the ventrals) across the middle of the body ............ 16. velow, p. 97. The length of the foot equals the distance between the collar-fold and the nostril or the end of the snout; 45 to 50 scales across the middle of the body.. 17. fasciata, p. 99. 2. 8 to 15 femoral pores on each side. a. The distance between the loreal and the anterior supra- ocular is less than the length of the latter shield. Nasals swollen ...... 0.0... cee enue 18. intermedia, p. 100. Nasals not swollen...............00. 21. multiocellata, p. 103. b. The distance between the loreal and the anterior supra- ocular equals or exceeds the length of the latter shield. Ventral plates 16 to 20 in the longest transverse series ....... Sea decdaetee 19. arguta, p. 101. Ventral plates 12 or 14 in the longest transverse series ; frontonasal divided. 20. argus, p. 102. B. More than 30 gular scales between the collar and the suture between the chin-shields. Supraoculars in contact with the frontal ; four prefrontals ; ventral plates 14 or 16 in the longest transverse series ; 13 femoral pores on each side ...... 22. quadrifrons, p. 105. Supraoculars in contact with the frontal ; two prefrontals; ventral plates 16 to 20 in the longest transverse series ; 11 to 17 femoral pores .............. 23. przewalskiz, p. 105. 14. EReEMras. 83 Supraoculars bordered internally by a series of granules; 19 to 23 femoral pores ....... twee sa MAA eae 24. vermiculata, p. 106. 1. Eremias nitida. (Pxarz IV. fig. 1.) Eremias nitida, Gtinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 881. Head rather elongate ; snout obtuse. Nasals not at all swollen, the lower in contact with the rostral on a very small point; fronto- nasal much broader than long, separated from the rostral by the long suture of the upper nasals; two prefrontals; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly; two large supraoculars, with a few small scales in front and behind, and a series of granules on their outer border ; a single scale between the loreal and the anterior supraocular ; inter- parietal twice as long as broad, quite as long as the suture between the frontoparietals ; a small occipital ; a small shield may be present between the latter and the interparietal; a band-like shield borders the parietal externally, and another, curved one the ear supero- anteriorly ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denti- culation ; lower eyelid scaly ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin- shields in contact. Gular scales increasing gradually in size towards the collar; latter slightly curved, perfectly free, formed of 9 or 10 plates. Dorsal scales rhomboidal, juxtaposed, keeled, 42 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series, all much broader than long; in six lon- gitudinal series, the median pair narrower than the two others; 27 to 29 transverse series from the collar-fold to the praanal region. Preanal scales small and irregular, the postero-median a little larger than the others. The hind limb reaches between the collar and the ear; foot as long as the distance between the an- terior border of the orbit and the fore limb; a single series of large subtibial plates. 12 or 13 femoral pores on each side. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; all the caudal scales strongly keeled. Upper surface of head, limbs, tail, anda band along the middle of the back brown; a fine paler brown line sepa- rating the latter from the sides, which are black, with two longi- tudinal white lines ; limbs with round paler spots; lower surfaces white, limbs and tail pinkish. millim. millim, Total length...... 137 From end of snout Head .......... 10 to vent ...... 41 Width of head.... 6 Fore limb ...... 14 From end of snout Hind limb ...... 26 to forelimb.... 17 Maal sa 3 erect desleece , 96 West Africa. A transition-form between Hremias and Nueras. a-b. Yg. W. Africa. ij (Types. ) ; @ 84 LACERTID &. 2. Eremias spekii. (Pratz IV. fig. 2.) Eremias spekii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, i 381. —— rugiceps, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1878, p. 202, pl. ii. fig. 1*. Head moderate; snout rather obtuse ; upper head-shields strongly striated ; nasals feebly swollen ; frontonasal broader than long, separated from the rostral ; two prefrontals; frontal scarcely grooved ; two large supraoculars, completely surrounded with gran- ules ; two scales on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular, the length of which equals its distance from the loreal ; interparietal rhomboidal, as long as or a little shorter than the suture between the frontoparietals ; occipital absent or minute; parietals as long as broad, with an elongated shield on their outer border; temporal scales small, strongly keeled ; a curved band-like scale on the supero- anterior border of the ear; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid scaly ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) upper labials ; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar curved, perfectly free, with nine plates. Dorsal scales rhomboidal, juxtaposed, strongly keeled, 64 or 66 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series, all much broader than iong; in six longitudinal series, the median pair narrower than the two others; 27 or 28 transverse series. Praanal scales small, irregular. The bind limb reaches the ear or the eye ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the nostril or the end of the snout; a single series of large subtibial plates. 14 to 18 femoral pores on each side. Tail more than twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales strongly keeled, except the basal subcaudals, which are obtusely keeled. Brownish above, with three longitudinal paler lines, and a more indistinct one along each flank; small black cross bars between the light streaks ; lower surfaces and upper lip white. millim. millim. Total length...... 199 From end of snout Head ....... sae. 12 te vent ...... 55 Width of head.... 8 Fore limb ...... 19 From end of snout Hind limb ...... 37 to fore limb.... 19 Tail oi accets, shee « 144 East Africa. a-b. 3S. 5°7'S. lat., between the Capt. Speke(P.]. (Types.) coast and Unyamwesi. 3. Eremias lugubris. Eremias dorsalis, Gray, Cat. p. 41. lugubris, Gray, 1. ¢. Lacerta lugubris, Smith, Mag. N. H. ii. 1838, p. 98. Eremias lugubris, Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 809; Smith, Il. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlvi. tig. 2, and xlvili. fig. 5; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 18, and 1870, p. 114. dorsalis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 805. * Types (Mus. Berol. 9287) examined. 14. EREMtas, 85 Head moderate; snout rather pointed. Nasals feebly swollen ; frontonasal broader than long, separated from the rostral : two pree- frontals ; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, completely surrounded with granules ; two or three small scales on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular, the length of which equals or a little exceeds its distance from the loreal ; inter- parietal rhomboidal, shorter than the suture between the fronto- parietals ; occipital absent or minute ; parietals not longer than broad, usually forming a suture behind the interparietal; a more or less elongate shield on the outer border of the parietals; a curved band-like scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear ; temporal scales small, flat, smooth; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid scaly ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth (exceptionally fourth and fifth) upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar curved, perfectly free, with 7 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, hexagonal, juxta- posed, obtusely keeled, 65 to 73 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series, all much broader than long, in six longitudinal series, the median pair usually a little narrower than the others; 27 to 30 trans- verse series. Preeanal scales small, subequal, irregular. The hind limb reaches the eye; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the nostril or the end of the snout; a series of very large subtibial plates. 12 to 16 femoral pores on each side. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; caudal scales strongly keeled, except the basal subcaudals, which are smooth. Upper surface of head yellowish brown shaded with brownish red, the sides cream-yellow; back and sides of body liver-brown, varie- gated with longitudinal stripes and spots of gamboge-yellow ; the stripes three in number, sometimes broken up into spots, the median bifurcates on the nape; upper surface of limbs with round yellow spots ; tail yellowish or pinkish, with two longitudinal brown bands on the upper surface of the basal portion ; lower surfaces whitish or reddish brown. pale millim. Total length..............0. 162 170 Gad!) nce ec catetete OA derma 12 12 Width of head ............-. 7 8 From end of snout to fore limb 19 20 From end of snout to vent .... 45 50- Fore limb..........-+.0000. 17 19 Hind limb ................ 34 38 Tall: csv nee see Pe ee es 117 120 South-western Africa, from the northern boundary of Cape Colony to Hereroland. a, b. Beveral spec.: 5,9, & hgr. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.].. ; (Types.) a db. S. Africa. 86 LACERTID E. 4, Eremias brenneri. Eremias brenneri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 432 *. Acanthodactylus mucronatus, Blanf. Zool. Abyss. p. 453, fig. Eremias mucronata, Giinth, Zool. Rec. 1870, p. 71. brenneri, var. striatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 370 *, lugubris (non Smith), Vaill. Miss. Révoil aux Pays Comalis, Rept. p. 23. ; Pseuderemias lineolata, Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 118 *, Boulengeria mucronata, Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) ii. 1885, 117. E brenneri, Lataste, 7. c, p. 122. Head much depressed; snout long and acutely pointed. Nasals slightly swollen, lower divided, the nostril being pierced between four shields; frontonasal longer than broad, separated from the rostral; two prefrontals; frontal strongly grooved; three large supraoculars, anterior smallest and sometimes broken up into two or three, the two others bordered externally, internally, and pos- teriorly with granules ; interparietal small, separated from the very small occipital by another small shield; an elongate shield on the outer border of the parietals; temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid scaly ; subocular usually reaching the lip, wedged in between the sixth and seventh (excep- tionally fifth and sixth, or seventh and eighth) upper labials; the two first labials in contact with the nasals; the two or three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar curved, per- fectly free, with 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales granular, juxtaposed, smooth or obtusely keeled, 65 to 70 across the middle of the body. Six straight longitudinal series of large, broad ventral plates, and an outer series of small, narrow ones on each side; they form 24 to 27 straight transverse series. A large median preanal. The hind limb reaches the eye or a little beyond; toes strongly compressed; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the nostril or the tip of the snout; a series of very large and one of smaller subtibial plates; scales on upper surface of tibia much larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, keeled; a series of large, hexagonal, transverse shields on the upper surface of the arm. 15 to 18 femoral pores. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth. Pale yellowish or greyish above; a black, light-edged vertebral band; sides of the back reticulated with blackish, or with two blackish, white-dotted longitudinal bands on each side; limbs blackish above, with round whitish spots; lower surfaces white. sane, ena Total length...... 162 From end of snout to Head .......... 14 VEN saeiwaaee 50 Width of head .... 75 Fore limb ........ 18 From end of snout Hind limb ........ 42 to fore limb .... 22 Tail!) ages saeiesse 112 * Types examined. 14, BheMqas. 87 Abyssinia, Somaliland, Arabia. a. Anseba valley, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Acanthodactylus mucronatus.) bo. ‘Walker’s Torrent, Abyssinia. W. Jesse, Esq. [C.]. a 3. Mt. Sinai. 5. Eremias pardaloides. Mesalina pardaloides, Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 881. Agrees in every respect with ZF. guttulata, except in having only eight longitudinal rows of ventral plates instead of ten, the outer row consisting of very, small plates. The hind limb reaches the ear. Henjam Island, Persian Gulf. 6. Eremias guttulata. Eremias guttulata, Gray, Cat. p. 41. Mesalina pardalis, Gray, J. c. p. 43. Lacerta guttulata, Licht. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 101 *. - eae, part., dud. Deser. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. p. 175, pl. ii. gs. 1, 2. a olivieri, M.-Edw. Ann. Sc, Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 18, 84, pl. vi. 5. Beate punctulata, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1888, p. 281. Eremias guttulata, Dum. § Bibr. v. p.810; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlvin. fig. 8; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 88; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 308. —— pardalis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 312; Smith, 1. ¢. fig. 18; Guichen. Explor, Alg., Rept. p. 15, pl. i. fig. 2; Strauch, 1. ¢. p. 809. —— (Mesalina) watsonana, Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 86; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 349. Mesalina pardalis, Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 877; Murray, 1. c. . 850. Aes guttulata, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 127. Podarces (Mesalina) simoni, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 571, and Abh, Senck, Ges, xiii. 1883, p. 116, pl. i. fig. 3*. Eremias (Mesalina) balfouri, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 467. In habit very similar to Lacerta murals. Snout rather pointed. Nasals more or less swollen; frontonasal separated from the rostral by the upper nasals ; two prefrontals ; frontal feebly grooved ; four | supraoculars, first and fourth very small, sometimes broken up, the first in contact with the loreal; a series of granules between the two principal supraoculars and the supraciliaries; interparietal pentagonal, in contact with a small occipital; temporal scales granular, smooth; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid with a more or less transparent disk formed usually of two, not un- frequently of several, seldom of one, scales; subocular bordering the lip, normally between the fourth and fifth upper labials; the * Types examined. 88 LACERTID A. three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A more or less marked transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; collar curved or more or less angular, free or attached (sometimes indistinct) in the middle, formed of 8 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales roundish, convex, smooth, juxtaposed, 40 to 55 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series, broader than long ; in ten longitudinal series, the outer series com- posed of very small plates; 26 to 32 transverse series. Normally a large preanal plate, bordered by two semicircles of smaller ones. The hind limb reaches the shoulder, or not so far, in the female, the shoulder or halfway between the shoulder and the ear in the male ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit or the centre of the eye; one series of large, and two of small, subtibial plates. 10 to 17 femoral pores. Tail once and a half to twice the length of head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled ; basal subcaudals smooth or very obtusely keeled. Greyish or rufous-brown above, with very variable markings; series of black spots and white ocelli, or series of more or less confluent blackish spots along the body; some specimens with irregularly scattered blackish dots, or with regular blackish and white longitudinal lateral bands; others with a broad dark grey vertebral band with a series of shaft-like blackish marks on each side of it, &c.; lower surfaces white. gS: ae millim. millim Total length sissies cess uses ee 152 168 ead: acca ee iwaw aw ence e aes 13 11 Width of head .......... cece eens 8 8 From end of snout to fore limb...... 20 20 From end of snout to vent,......... 50 55 Pore dim bs cing avin van wo eee ers 19 17 Find inh 4 yes es 5 ceeded achaGraw Re ee 31 28 Detalles each ots evatdulees abte wae PS aa aha wee ae 102 113 North Africa ; South-western Asia, from Arabia and Syria to Sind. a 3. Aumale, Algeria. M. Lataste [P.]. b. Her. Laghouat, Algeria. M. Lataste [P.]. 6. Os Tibremt, Algeria, . M. Lataste [P.}. d. 2. Cabes, Tunis. M. Lataste [P.|. ed. Susa, Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.]. t-g. 39. N. Africa. Berlin Museum. h-l. 3 Q. Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.]. (Types of E, balfourt.) m, Her. Sinaitic Peninsula. H. O. Hart, Esq. [C.]. n. Several spec.: Mt. Sinai. 3,9, & her, od. Beersheba. Canon Tristram [C.]. p. 9. Neby Musa, Dead Sea. Dr. Anderson [P.]. gd. Near Isfahan, between W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. Shiraz and Teheran. 14. EREMTAs, 89 r. 9. Karman, 8.E. Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 8. 2. Rayin, south-west of W. T. Blanford, Esq. fet arman. t-u. Her. Dasht River, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. v, es 3, hgr., Gwadar, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. fet ye: zd. Helmand River. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Comm, a. 2. Between Quetta and Dr. Aitchison (C.]. Nushki. Afghan Boundary Comm. B. &. Tirphul. Dr. Aitchison [C. }. Afghan Boundary Comm. y-5. Q. Sind. 7. Eremias brevirostris. Eremias watsonanus, Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 125 (nec ante, p. 86). Mesalina brevirostris, Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 879. Very closely allied to #. guttulata. Snout shorter, nasals strongly swollen ; interparietal not in contact with the occipital, which is minute. Ventrals in twelve longitudinal series, only the two median distinctly broader than long. Tumb Island, Persian Gulf; Punjab. a, Her. Tumb Island. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. T b. g. Kalabagh, Punjab. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. (Types) 8. Eremias rubropunctata. Mesalina rubropunctata, Gray, Cat. p. 43. Lacerta rubropunctata, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus, Berl. p. 100%. Scapteira nebulosa, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 281. Mesalina lichtensteinii, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 282. Eremias rubropunctata, Dum. & Bibr. y. p. 297; Smith, Il. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlviii. fig. 9. Snout rather pointed. Nasals strongly swollen ; frontonasal in contact with the rostral; two prefrontals; frontal very feebly grooved; two large supraoculars, second separated from the supra- ciliaries by two or three series of granules ; one or two scales on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular; interparietal pentagonal, in contact with an occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid with a semitrans- parent disk formed of several scales; subocular bordering the lip, normally between the fourth and fifth upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A rather indistinct trans- verse gular fold, connecting the ears; collar angular, attached mesially. Dorsal scales round, convex, smooth, juxtaposed, 60 to 65 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight lon- gitudinal and angular transverse series, not or scarcely broader * Types (Berlin Mus., 1113-1116, 1127) examined. 90 LACERTID.E. than long; in twelve longitudinal series, the median and outer pairs narrowest, longer than broad; 33 to 36 transverse series. A large preanal plate, bordered by two or three semicircles of smaller ones. The hind limb reaches the axilla or the shoulder in the female, between the shoulder and the ear in the male ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit or the centre of the eye; one series of large, and one or two of small, subtibial plates. 13 to 17 femoral pores. Tail once and half to once and two thirds the length of head and body ; upper caudal scales feebly keeled, lower smooth. Pale grey above, uniform or with scattered round darker spots, which usually form a regular series on each side of the tail; lower surfaces white. dg. g. millim. millim. Total length . oniccaet ws wewe ee ews —_* 112 Head, svi tae severest eee ea eH 14 10 Width of head ..............000. 10 7 From end of snout to fore limb...... 22 16 From end of snout to vent.......... 53 45 Fore limb acaeenskiertesiasdgeuss 21 16 Hind Wm bi sida eise yh eeeredee weed 34 24 Dee ridin tei leca cote al crantanly eae wipers — 67 Egypt, Sinaitie peninsula. a-d. & her. Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson [P.]. Pp oe (Types of Scapteira ‘oaben e. 9. Near Cairo. Dr. Anderson [P.]. f. Her. N. Africa. Berlin Museum. (Type of Mesalina lichtensteinti.) gs Sinaitic Peninsula. H. C. Hart, Esq. [C.]. we, ad 2. Mt. Sinai. 9. Eremias suborbitalis t. Eremias suborbitalis, Peters, Gfvers. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1869, p. 658. Snout rather pointed. Nasals strongly swollen; frontonasal in contact with the rostral ; two prefrontals ; frontal grooved anteriorly ; three large supraoculars, second and third separated from the supra- ciliaries by a series of granules ; interparietal rhomboidal ; no occi- pital ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; two large auricular lobules ; lower eyelid entirely granular; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. No gular fold; collar straight, entirely free. Dorsal scales round, convex, smooth, juxtaposed, 70 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series, a little broader than long; 12 longitudinal and 33 transverse series. Two slightly enlarged azygos preanals. The adpressed hind * Tail lost. : t Described from the type specimen (6150) in the Berlin Museum. 14. EREMIAs. 91 limb reaches the posterior border of the orbit; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; one series of large, and two of small, subtibial plates. 18 femoral pores. Tail a little over twice the length of head and body ; upper caudal scales feebly keeled, lower smooth. Grey above, with small black spots; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. Total length...... 198 From end of snout Head .......... 16 to vent ........ 61 Width of head.... 12 Fore limb ........ 25 From end of snout Hind limb ........ 49 to forelimb .... 27 TS, csseakeeere kes wees 137 Damaraland. 10. Eremias namaquensis. Eremias namaquensis, Gray, Cat. p. 41. Eremias namaquensis, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 807; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xliv. fig. 2, and pl. xlviii. fig. 6. —— benguelensis, Bucage, Feit Sc, Lisb. i, 1867, p. 229. Head moderate; snout rather pointed. Nasals feebly swollen ; frontonasal separated from the rostral; usually a small azygos pre- frontal between the two large ones ; frontal grooved anteriorly ; two large supracculars, bordered anteriorly, posteriorly, and externally with granules ; two or three small scales or granules on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular, the length of which equals or exceeds its distance from the loreal; usually a single series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; interpa- rietal normally pentagonal, longer than the suture between the frontoparietals, in contact with a trapezoid occipital; a curved band-like scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear; temporal scales granular, smooth; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid with a semitransparent disk formed of several scales ; subocular bor- dering the lip, normally between the fourth and fifth upper labials ; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A more or less indistinct gular fold from ear to ear; collar straight, per- fectly free, with 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, juxtaposed, blending into the ventral plates, 60 to 65 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series; in twelve longitudinal series; the plates of the median and outer series longer than broad, the others as broad as long, or a little broader than long; 29 to 34 transverse series. Praanal scales usually small, subequal, irregular; some- times an enlarged postero-median plate. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder, or halfway between the shoulder and the ear, in the female, the ear, or between the ear and the eye, in the male; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit or the nostril; a series of very large and one of smaller subtibial scales; scales on upper sur- 92 LACERTID.. face of tibia much larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, feebly imbricate, keeled; scales on upper surface of arm much larger than the largest gulars, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, smooth or obtusely keeled. 13 to 16 femoral pores. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Pale buff above, with five longitudinal blackish bands, the median usually narrowest and bifurcate on the nape, the outer passing through the ears; these bands do not extend on the upper surface of the head; sometimes series of whitish dots on the black bands; limbs brown, with round whitish spots ; lower surfaces white. eae millim Total length . 00. .c0e eee er cena. 179 132 PRCA geese tao soinonec Bde ahd eS PS 12 11 Width of head ..............000. 7 7 From end of snout to fore limb .... 19 18 From end of snout to vent ........ 51 52 Hore: Min Di ss.0034 syste sh ees ae ee 19 17 Hand: Lim : vo essed cate ae Grd se Swaine 37 31 Mea sar, ee cere ited corer eerste ieee 128 80 * South Africa. a,b-d. 3,2, &hgr. Great Namaqualand. SirA.Smith[P.]. (Types.) ed. Great Namaqualand. F-9. &. Damaraland. h. Her. Cape Colony. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. pt i-k. SQ. Kaffraria. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.]. 1S. 8. Africa. 11. Eremias undata. Eremias undata, Gray, Cat. p. 42. Lacerta undata, Smith, Mag. N. H. ii. 1888, p. 93. Eremias undata, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 316; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xliv. fig. 1, and pl. xlviii. fig. 11. Very closely allied to £. namaquensis, from which it differs in the following points :—Snout longer and narrower; the length of the granular space between the loreal and the anterior supraocular con- siderably greater than the length of the latter ; two series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries; anterior border of ear subdenticulated ; lower eyelid with two large transparent scales. Ventral plates in ten longitudinal series, those of the median and outer series longer than broad, the others a little broader than long. Yellowish above, with five longitudinal dark brown bands, the outer passing through the ears. From snout to vent 62 millim. South Africa, between Cape Town and Little Namaqualand. a 3. 8. Africa. Earl of Derby [P-]. * Reproduced. 14. EREMIAS. 93 12. Eremias pulchella. Eremias pulchella, Gray, Cat. p. 42. : Eremias annulifera, Smith, Ill. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xlvii. fig. 1, and pl. lviii. fig. 14 (Oct. 1845). —— pulchra, Smith, 1. c. figs. 2, 12. ormosa, Smith, 1. c. figs. 3, 15. Head moderate; snout rather obtuse. Head-shields rather rugose in the adult, Nasals swollen; frontonasal separated from the rostral (abnormally a small azygos shield may be present between the nasals); two prefrontals, sometimes a small azygos shield between; frontal grooved anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, bordered ante- riorly, posteriorly, and externally with granules; four or five small scales or granules on a line from the loreal to the anterior supra- ocular, the length of which is less than its distance from the loreal ; two or three series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; interparietal pentagonal, longer than the\ suture between the frontoparietals, in contact with a trapezoid occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth or obtusely keeled ; anterior border of ear subdenticulated ; lower eyelid with a large transparent disk formed of two scales ; subocular bordering the lip, normally between the fifth and sixth upper labials; the two anterior pairs of chin- shields in contact. Collar straight, perfectly free, with 11 to 15 plates. Dorsal scales granular anteriorly, gradually larger, rhomboidal, subimbricate, and more or less distinctly keeled poste- riorly; 55 to 75 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and slightly angular transverse . series; in twelve longitudinal series; the plates of the median and outer series longer than broad, the others as broad as long, or a little broader than long; 31 to 36 transverse series. Pra- anal plates subequal, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear, or between the latter and the eye; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit or the nostril; a series of very large subtibial shields, and one of smaller ones ; scales on upper surface of tibia larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, keeled; scales on upper surface of humerus larger than gulars, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, obtusely keeled. 13 to 16 femoral pores. Tail twice, or less than twice, as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Greyish or brownish above, usually with black and white or blue ocelli on the back and limbs ; sometimes a black, light-edged band along each side of the back ; lower surfaces whitish. 3. é- noillim, . millim. Total length ...... 143 From end of snout Head «5 ects ee 14 to vent ........ 58 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb ........ 23 From end of snout Hind limb........ 42 to forelimb .... 24 Tail (reproduced) .. 85 South Africa. 94 LACERIID A. a. 3. 8. Africa. Earl of Derby [P. }. ; b. Hgr. S. Africa. Saffron Walden Nat. Hist. } (Types.) Soe. [P.]. ed. Interior of S. Africa. Sir A. oon [P.]. (Type of £. an- nuliferu. d. Ss. Interior of 8. Africa. Sir i. as [P.]. (Type of Z. pul- chra. ed. Karroo. S.-African Museum [P.]. fd. W. coast of 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type of Z. for- mosa.) g. 2. Great Namaqualand. ho. Cape Colony. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.]. 13. Eremias lineo-ocellata. Eremias lineo-ocellata, Gray, Cat. p. 41. Eremias lineo-ocellata, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 314; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xliii. fig. 2, and pl. xlviii. fig. 10. Head rather short; snout obtuse. Head-shields rather rugose in the adult. Nasals swollen; frontonasal separated from the rostral ; two prefrontals, frequently a small azygos shield between; frontal grooved anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, often bordered entirely, or nearly entirely, with granules ; four to six small scales or granules on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular, the length of which is much less than its distance from the loreal; two or three series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; interparietal usually pentagonal, longer than the suture between the frontoparietals, in contact with a trapezoid occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth or obtusely keeled ; anterior border of ear subden- ticulated ; lower eyelid with a large transparent disk formed of two scales; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth (rarely sixth and seventh) upper labials; usually the two anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar straight, per- fectly free, with 9 to 15 plates. Dorsal scales granular on the nape, rhomboidal, feebly imbricate, distinctly keeled from between the shoulders, gradually increasing in size towards the tail; 55 to 60 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates not, or scarcely, broader than long, in 12 or 14 straight and 33 to 36 angular transverse series. Praeanals subequal, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear, or a little beyond, in the male, the shoulder or the collar in the female; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye or the anterior border of the orbit; a series of very large subtibial shields, and one or two of smaller ones; scales on upper surface of tibia imbricate and strongly keeled, not, or but slightly, larger than the posterior dorsals; scales on upper surface of arm larger than gulars, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, obtusely keeled. 12 to 16 femoral pores. Tail about twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Brownish above, usually with four lon- gitudinal blackish bands, in each of which is enclosed a series of 14, EREMIAS. 95 whitish spots; sometimes with irregularly arranged ocelli; lower surfaces whitish. dé. ; millim, millim. Total length ...... 166 From end of snout Head ............ 13 to vent ........ 54 Width of head .... 10 Fore limb ........ 21 From end of snout Hind limb........ 37 to forelimb .... 22 Mei cucu arog ee 112 South Africa. 8. Africa. Earl of Derby [P.]. th o's b,¢,d,e-f. 6,9,and her, 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. he Q. g-h 8. Africa. 14. Eremias burchellii. Eremias burchellii, Gray, Cat. p. 40. Eremias burchellii, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 40; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlv. fig. 1, and pl. xlviii. fig. 4. Head moderate; snout obtuse. Nasals feebly swollen; fronto- nasal separated from the rostral; two prefrontals, forming a very short suture, or separated by a small azygos shield ; frontal not, or very feebiy, grooved ; two large supraoculars, bordered anteriorly, posteriorly, and externally with granules ; two or three small scales or granules on a line from the loreal to the anterior supraocular, the length of which equals, or is a little less than, its distance from the loreal; one or two series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; interparietal pentagonal, longer than the suture between the frontoparietals, in contact with an occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid with a semitransparent disk formed of several small scales ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth, exceptionally sixth and seventh, upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar straight, perfectly tree, with 9 to 13 plates. Dorsal scales granular, flat, perfectly smooth, 70 to 75 across the middle of the back. Ventral plates not broader than long, in 14 straight or slightly irregular longitudinal, and 29 to. 35 angular transverse series. Praanal seales small, subequal, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder or the ear; the length of the foot equals the dis- tance between the arm and the centre of the eye or the anterior border of the orbit; a series of very large subtibial shields, and one or two of smaller ones; scales on limbs small, smooth. 11 to 14 femoral pores. Tail about twice as long as head and body ; basal upper caudal scales feebly keeled, subcaudals smooth. Greyish or brownish above, with series of smaller or larger black spots, sometimes confluent into three or four bands on the body, five on the nape; these black markings extend on the head-shields ; 96 LACERTID A, round light spots among the black ones, or along the black bands; limbs with round whitish, black-edged spots ; lower surfaces white. 3 2. millim millim Total length ........ 0. c cece eee 167 178 GOO 2s b ceagiea's Hee es Wah wees 13 13 Width of head .......... 0.000 10 10 From end of snout to fore limb...... 21 23 From end of snout to vent ........ 57 62 Fore Hm) .ccscce sed eae eas 22 22 ind, Ln 6 6p essevteacs dues es ble ale we dees 34 33 TAU odes fave caries Obonlee ata rwar@ anche Savarese 110 116 South Africa. a,b. 2. 8. Africa. Earl of Derby [P.}. cS. Cape Colony. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.]. da 3. Kaffraria. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. pt e-g. & & her. Karroo. Sir A, Smith [P.]. 15. Eremias capensis. Eremias capensis, Gray, Cat. p. 40. Lacerta capensis, Smith, Mag. N. H. ii. 1888, p. 93. Eremias capensis, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 302; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlv. fig. 2, and pl. xlviii. fig. 7; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 114. —— laticeps, Smith, J. c. pl. xlvi. fig. 1, and pl. xlviii. fig. 3. Head moderate; snout obtuse. Nasals swollen ; frontonasal form- ing a suture with the rostral; two prefrontals, forming a very short suture, or separated by a small azygos shield ; frontal not grooved; two large supraoculars, bordered anteriorly, posteriorly, and exter- nally, and sometimes internally, with granules ; four or five granules on a line between the loreal and the anterior supraocular, the length of which is less than its distance from the loreal ; one or two series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; inter- parietal pentagonal, longer than the suture between the fronto- parietals, in contact with an occipital; temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; lower eyelid with a semitrans- parent disk formed of several small scales; subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth, sixth and seventh, or seventh and eighth upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin- shields in contact. Collar straight, perfectly free, with 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales round, flat, perfectly smooth, granular or slightly imbricate, 50 to 55 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates not broader than long, forming 14 or 16 rather irre- gular longitudinal, and 32 to 36 angular transverse series. Pre- anal scales small, subequal, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear or the eye; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit or the nostril; a series of very large subtibial shields and one 14, EREMTAs. 97 or two of smaller ones. 12 to 14 femoral pores. Tail about twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales, at the base, smooth or feebly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth. Coppery brown above, with black reticulations, sometimes confined to the sides ; sometimes a light or a dark vertebral band, bifurcating on the nape, and one or two light lateral bands ; limbs with round whitish, black-edged spots ; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. Total length ...... 200 From end of snout Head 6 biewew cw yas 16 to vent ........ 68 Width of head .... 18 ‘Fore limb........ 28 From end of snout Hind limb........ 45 to fore limb .... 28 Tail’ 4.9 aeiedeeeees 132 South Africa. a-b. 3. Cape Colony. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Types. ce-d. 3. Gans Cols, F. P. M. Week, fea (Py , eo. Mouth of the Orange Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type of River. E. laticeps.) f. 3d. 8. Africa, 16. Eremias velox. Eremias velox, Gray, Cat. p. 40. Lacerta velox, Pallas, Reise, i. p. 457; Daud. Rept. iii. p. 202; Eversm. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Mosc. iii. 1834, p. 355, pl. xxx. fig. 3. cruenta, Pall. J. ¢. —— deserti, Lepechin, Tageb. Reise Russ. R. i. p. 318, pl. xxii, figs. 3,4; Daud. Rept. iii. p. 199. Scincus cruentatus, Daud. J. c. p. 278. Lacerta coccinea, Merr. Tent, p. 69. tigrina, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. p. 119. argulus, Exchw. Zool. Spee. Ross. Pol. iit. p. 188. Podarcis velox, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 62; Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue, 76; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 376. Lacerta vittata, Eversm. I. c. p. 358, pl. xxxi. fig. 4. Eremias velox, Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p.9; Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 874; Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat, Soc, viii. 1878, Suppl. . 166. ae ceeruleo-ocellata, Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 295. Aspidorhinus gracilis, Eichw. Faun, Casp.-Cauc. p. 74, pl. xi. s. 4-6. Brarina variabilis (non Pall.), De Fil. Viag. Pers. p. 354, erythrurus, Severzow, Faun. Turkest. p. 71. —— persica, Blanf. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 370, and Zool. E. Pers. p. 3870, pl. xxvi. fig. 1. Podarces (Eremias) velox, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 26. —— (——_) persica, Strauch, I. ¢. ? Eremias strauchi, Kessler, 1. c. p. 166, pl. ii. Eremias velox, var. persica, Boettger, in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp.- Geb. p. 50. Head moderate; snout rather obtuse. Nasals swollen, the lower usually in contact with the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral ; two prefrontals (occasionally with a small additional median VOL, II. H 98 LACERTIDE. shield); frontal usually feebly grooved anteriorly ; two large supra- oculars, with a smaller one in front and behind, which are frequently broken up into small scales or granuies; the length of the first prin- cipal supraocular equals or exceeds its distance from the loreal; the supraoculars usually in contact with the frontal ; interparietal small ; no occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; usually an elongate scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear; no auricular denti- culation ; lower eyelid opaque; subocular bordering the lip, usually between the sixth and seventh upper labials; the two or three first labials in contact with the lower nasal; the three, or rarely four, anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A more or less distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; not more than 30 gular scales on a line extending from the collar to the suture between the chin-shields; collar slightly curved, perfectly free, with 9 to 11 plates. Dorsal scales granular, round, juxtaposed, perfectly smooth, 50 to 65 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates forming more or less regular oblique longitudinal, and slightly angular transverse series; the longest transverse series contain 14 or 16 plates, which are as long as broad, or a little longer than broad; 29 to 34 transverse series. Preanal scales usually small and irregular, sometimes with a much enlarged posterior shield. The adpressed hind limb usually reaches the collar or between the latter and the ear, in some female specimens not beyond the axil; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye, or the anterior border of the orbit; an outer series of large subtibial shields, which are more than thrice the size of the others. 17 to 25 femoral pores on each side, the two series sometimes nearly meeting in the middle. Tail once and a half to twice as long as head and body ; upper caudal scales, at the base, more or less distinctly keeled, or smooth; basal subcaudals smooth. Young blackish above, with whitish longitudinal lines along the back, and round whitish spots on the sides and limbs; these mark- ings usually disappear more or less completely in the adult, which are greyish or brownish, spotted or longitudinally streaked with black, with or without round whitish spots on the back, sides, and limbs ; sometimes a series of large blue and black ocelli on each side; lower surfaces white. antes millim. Potal lengthy 223 easrnac ed vals ves 170 197 OAM: ring conor ay aad vk eee hare ee 17 17 Width of head .................. 12 12 From end of snout to forelimb .... 27 28 From end of snout to vent ........ vi 72 Fore: Limb: sic negibiwawiaven des 28 28 Hitid: WMD». e es ers ada ya eee Rs 44 4] MPAL) bn dd sail tid ak ee SR 100 125 Southern Russia, Transcaucasia, Turkestan, Persia, Baluchistan, Afganistan. 14. EREMAs. 99 a. Yg. Caucasus. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. 6. Yg. Mangischlak. St. Petersburg Museum nt aod. Novo Alexandrovsk. St. Petersburg Museum E,]. add. W. Turkestan. M. Severzow [C ea. Bokhara. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. F-. 2 & her Golodnaja Steppes. St. Petersburg Museum [E. |. —n. SO. River Tschindscheili, St. Petersburg Museum E+ Desert of Kara Kum. op. 32 Upper part of River Ili. St. Petersburg Museum LE} q. Her. Kasalpai Settlement, St. Petersburg Museum [E.1, River Lepsa. ie ru. 6 2 Tschinas, Sir Daria. St. Petersburg Museum [E,]. vw 2. Arganatinsk. St. Petersburg Museum [E. i. w-x. 3 & yg. Khongos, Tianschan. St. Petersburg Museum [E.1. y-z. 2 & her, Ferghana district. St. Petersburg Museum [E.}. a-B. 3d. Lower part of River St. Petersburg Museum HE . Kungess. y New Gulran. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Commission. oy. 5 & her N. Persia. Marquis G, Doria [P.]. 6. 3. Ghilan, N. Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. ug. Naserabad, Sistan. Gen. Goldsmid [P.]. Kr. Near Isfahan. W. T. Blanford, } Esq. [C.}. (Types of p-& Yg. Between Karman and W. T. Blanford s Ue, Shiraz. Esq. [C.}. Le o-r. 2 Rayin, 8.E. of Kar- W.T. Blanford, | Sica.) man. Esq. {C.J}. J p. Hgr. Helmand River. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Commission. o. Her. Between Quetta and ‘Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Nushki. Boundary Commission. 17. Eremias fasciata. Eremias fasciata, Blanf. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 32, and Zool. E. Persia, p. 374, pl. xxv. fig. 3. ; Podarces (Eremias) fasciata, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 26. Very closely allied to the preceding, but smaller and more slender. Head-shields and temporal granules flatter; supraoculurs fre- quently bordered internally by a series of granules; lower nasal constantly resting on the three anterior labials; subocular between the sixth and seventh labials; 45 to 50 dorsal scales across the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the collar in the female, slightly beyond the ear in the male; the length of the foot equals the distance from the collar-fold to the nostril or the end of the snout. 16 to 19 femoral pores. Upper caudal scales distinctly but obtusely keeled. Body pale brown to white above, with from six to eight longitudinal dark-brown bands, as wide as the interspaces between them; limbs dark brown, with large round white spots ; lower parts white. H2 109 LACERTID#. millim. millim. Total length........ 0... .e ee eee 140 139 Head esau geekigrde nsawieeen 12 12 Width of head .................. 8 8 From end of snout to forelimb .... 20 20 From end of snout to vent ........ 52 54 Fore Mme gg neem esiasie eae ey 64 21. 20 Mind Mb eke wets eeete eens 38 33 Tail (reproduced).............565 88 85 Southern Persia, Baluchistan. a-c. $2. Near Saidabad, Sarjan, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.}. south-west of Karman. (Types. d. Q. Helmand. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Commission. 18. Eremias intermedia. Podarces (Eremias) intermedia, Strauch, Voy. Praewalski, Rept. p. 28. Head moderate; snout rather pointed. Nasals swollen, the lower separated from the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral; two prefrontals; frontal feebly grooved; two large supraoculars; a small shield and several granules in front of the anterior supraocular ; the length of the latter shield exceeds its distance from the loreal; supraoculars in contact with the frontal; interparietal small; no occipital; temporal scales granular, smooth ; an enlarged scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear; no auricular denticulation; lower eyelid opaque; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the sixth, seventh, and eighth upper labials ; the two first labials in contact with the lower nasal; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A slightly distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; about 30 gular scales on a line extending from the collar to the suture between the chin- shields; collar slightly curved, perfectly free, with very small plates. Dorsal scales granular, round, juxtaposed, perfectly smooth, 55 to 60 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in oblique longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series ; latter 28 to 30, the longest of which contain 14 or 16 plates. Preanal scales small and irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder or the collar ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye; an outer series of large subtibial shields, which are more than thrice the size of the others. 13 (to 15) femoral pores. Tail once and one third to twice as long as head and body ; upper caudal scales very feebly keeled, smooth on the basal portion. Grey above; young ocellated, the ocelli becoming less distinct in the older animal. millim, : millim, Total length ........ 119 From end of snout Heads 32 s2eivivs esas 13 to vent ...... 53 Width of head ...... 9 Fore limb...... ly From end of snout to Hind limb...... 30 fore limb ........ 20 POA odes: aut cpennse aie 66 14. BREMIAS. : 101 Aralo-Caspian Desert. ab. 2 & yg. Desert of Kizil Kum. St. Petersburg Museum [E.], (As typical of E. intermedia.) 19. Eremias arguta. Eremias arguta, Gray, Cat. p. 39. ; Lacerta _arguta, Pall. Reise, ii. p. 718; Daud. Rept. iii, p. 240. —— variabilis, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 31; Licht. in Eversm. Reise, p. 14; Eversm. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Mosc. iii. 1834, p. 351, pl. xxix. — leucosticta, Licht. 1. c. p. 142. ies variabilis, Ménétr. Cat. Rais.’p. 62; Schreib. Herp. Eur. me irritans, Ménétr. 1. ¢. Lacerta deserti, Andrzej. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Mose. ii. 1832, p. 324. Eremias variabilis, Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p. 9; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 292; Démid. Voy, Russ. Mér. iii. p. 339, Rept. pl. i. figs. 8,4; Stith, I. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xlviii. fig. 2. Podarcis deserti, Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 77. Podarces (Eremias) arguta, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 27. Eremias arguta, Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 170; Boettger, in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp.-Gieb. p. 54. Habit stout; head short, snout obtuse. Nasals swollen, the lower not in contact with the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral; two prefrontals, frequently with one or two small azygos shields between them; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, in contact with the frontal, bordered ante- riorly and posteriorly by several rows of granules; the length of the first supraocular is less than, or equals, its distance from the loreal ; interparietal small; no occipital; temporal scales granular, smooth ; enlarged tympanic shield frequently absent; no auricular denticulation; lower eyelid opaque; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on three or four labials; the two (rarely three) first labials in contact with the lower nasal; the three (rarely two) anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A more or less distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; 25 to 30 gular scales on a line extending from the collar to the suture between the chin- shields ; collar slightly curved, perfectly free, with 9 to 13 plates. Dorsal scales granular, flat, smooth, surrounded by smaller granules, 45 to 66 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates about as long as broad, forming more or less regular oblique longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series ; latter 31 to 35, the longest of which contain 16 to 20 plates. Preeanal scales small and irre- gular. The adpressed hind limb usually does not reach the axilla, very rarely reaches as far as the shoulder ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the commissure of the mouth or the posterior border of the orbit, or, very rarely, the centre of the eye; an outer series of subtibial shields, which are usually not thrice the size of the others. 7 to 14 femoral pores on each side. Tail as long as or a little longer, sometimes even shorter, than the head and body, 102 LACERTIDA. slightly compressed posteriorly: upper caudal scales smooth or feebly keeled. Young greyish above, with white, black-edged ocelli, which may be confluent into transverse bands, rarely into longitudinal ones ; the ocelli persist in the adult or are replaced by black marblings or irregular transverse bands. , sai millim. Total length), sc 6: segs os sens Seg 153 140 SEG ACs: "sires cies 28S eas Beata aides Selene 18 16 Width of head. ...........00 000s 14 13 From end of snout to fore limb .... 30 25 From end of snout to vent ........ 73 70 Hore. HM bis isa eg ee eae gg wees s 26 24 UTD gees tease gg eee tices ew 37 33 aD aig eeeea esas eee aes 80 70 The largest specimens, male and female, with broken or repro- duced tail, measure 98 and 94 millim., from snout to vent, respec- tively. Southern Russia, Transcaucasia, Turkestan. a. 9. Odessa. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. ba S. Crimea. St. Petersburg Museum | E.]. e-e. SQ. Baku. St. Petersburg Museum [F.}. f. Her. Transcaucasia. St. Petersburg Museum [E, ]. g. @. Dongus,Gov.Orenburg. St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. ht. SQ. Kirghiz Steppes. St. Petersburg Museum [F. |. k. Yg. River Emba. St. Petersburg Museum | F.]. Lm. Yg. Mangischlak. St. Petersburg Museum [E. |. n-v. 9. Novo Alexandrovsk. St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. p 3. Isbes Khan, North of St. Petersburg Museum [E. ]. Sir Daria. q. 9. Tschinas, Sir Daria. St. Petersburg Museum a r-s. 2. Lake Alakul. St. Petersburg Museum [F. | t-w. 3,9, & yg. Lake Sassyk Kul. Geographical Soeiety of Bremen. a. Yg. Lake Sassyk Kul. St. Petersburg Museum [F. ]. y. 3. Tarbagatai Mts. St. Petersburg Museum [E. za. Q. ' Western Turkestan. M. Severzow ich B-6. dQ. Turkestan. 20. Eremias argus. Eremias argus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 61, pl. —. fig. 3; Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, \xii. 1870, i. p. 336, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2. brenchleyi, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 419, and in Brenchley’s Curagoa,’ p. 396, pl. xxii. fig, A. Podarces (Eremias) argus, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 32. —— (——) brenchleyi, Strauch, J. c. p. 80. Head short, snout obtuse. Nasals swollen, the lower rarely in contact with the rostral; frontonasal divided longitudinally, sepa- rated from the rostral; usually one or two azygos shields between the pair of prefrontals; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly ; two large supracculars, usually with a small one behind; the space 14. EREMIAS. 103 between the anterior supraocular granular, equal to or exceeding the length of the latter shield; sometimes a series of granules separating the anterior supraocular from the frontal ; interparietal small; no occipital; temporal scales granular, smooth; enlarged tympanic scale usually absent; no auricular denticulation; sub- ocular usually not reaching the lip; the two first labials in contact with the lower nasal; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A more or less distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; 18 to 25 gular scales on a line extending from the collar to the suture between the chin-shields ; collar slightly curved, with 7 to 11 rather large plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, con- siderably larger on the sides, 44 to 60: across the middle of the body. Ventral plates as long as broad or a little broader than long, in very irregular oblique longitudinal series; 28 to 31 transverse series, the longest of which contain 12 or 14 plates. Preanal scales small and irregular. The adpressed hind limb usually reaches the axilla or not quite so far, rarely the shoulder; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye or the anterior border of the orbit; an outer series of very large subtibial plates. 8 to 12 femoral pores. Tail once and one fourth to once and a half the length of head and body; upper caudal scales strongly keeled; basal subcaudals smooth. Olive-grey or brownish above, with large black and white ocelli, the lateral of which are sometimes confluent into one or two whitish longitudinal bands. millim, millim, Total length.............2.000ee 135 135 Head: 4c schee ade wema aaanes 13 13 Width of head ............ 0.008. 95 9-5 From end of snout to fore limb .... 22 22 From end of snout to vent... .... 56 62 Pore: LM) ysijdac ea vsioe ect eae 19 21 Mand MM sa a ver dha ieee wish eae ae and 30 31 Pai: Sretear een eee a ena die aes 79 73 Northern China, Mongolia, Manchuria. a-e. SQ. Chefoo. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. f-9. SQ. Pekin. J. Brenchley, Esq. ca h-k. 3 Q Pekin. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. i. Yg. Pekin. Dr. S. W. Bushell [C.]. m. &. Pekin. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. n . N. China. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. op. dQ. N. China. : Mr. A. Adams [C. }. q &. Land of Grass, Mongolia. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. (Type of E. brenchleyt.) robe. Manchuria. Mr. A. Adams [C.]. 21. Eremias multiocellata. Eremias multiocellata, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) x. 1872, p. 419, and in Brenchley’s ‘ Curagoa,’ Rept. p. 400. 104 LACERTIDE. Eremias cesruleo-ocellata (non D. § B.), Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 373. : —— yarkandensis, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 1875, p. 194, and 2nd Yarkand Miss., Rept. p. 16, pl. ii. fig. 3. Podarces (Eremias).multiocellata, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 26. —— (——) planiceps, Strauch, 1. c. p. 89, pl. iv. fig. 3. Head moderate; snout obtuse. Nasals not swollen; lower nasal not forming a suture with the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral; two prefrontals, sometimes with an azygos shield between; frontal not distinctly grooved; two large, and a small posterior third, supraoculars ; a few small scales or granules between the anterior supraocular and the loreal; the distance between the latter shields is less than the length of the anterior supraocular; no granules between the supraoculars and the frontal; interparietal small; no occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth ; an enlarged scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear; no auricular denti- culation; lower eyelid opaque; subocular (usually) reaching the lip, between the sixth and seventh upper labials; lower nasal in contact with three nasals; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A rather indistinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; 27 * gular scales on a line from the collar to the suture between the anterior chin-shields ; collar slightly curved, perfectly free. Dorsal scales granular, flat, juxtaposed, perfectly smooth, 45 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates forming irregular oblique longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series; the longest transverse series contain 14 or 16 (seldom 18) plates, which are as long as broad or a little longer than broad ; 32 (28 to 35) transverse series. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil; the length of the foot equals the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye; digits rather feebly keeled inferiorly ; an outer series of very large subtibial shields. 13(9 to 14) femoral pores. Tail a little longer than head and body (usually once and a half the length of the latter); basal caudal scales all smooth, posterior upper caudals feebly keeled. Olive-grey above, head and middle of the back spotted or reticulated with black; sides and limbs with whitish, black-edged ocelli. millim, millim, Total length........ 120 From end of snout Head: asevayah devs 14 to vent........ 58 Width of head ...... 9 Fore limb........ 20 From end of snout Hind limb ...... 30 to fore limb...... 21 Taal econ wai ate ae ate 62 Eastern Turkestan, Mongolia. a 9. Gobi Desert. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) * 24 or 25 in the type of E. planiceps, as Dr. Strauch kindly informs me. 14. EREMIAS, 105 Var. saturata. Eremias yarkandensis, var. saturata, Blanf. ll. cc. fig. 4. Differs from the type in the subocular not reaching the lip, and in darker colour; neither character, however, is quite constant. Valleys of the Kuenluen Range, South of Yarkand. 22. Eremias quadrifrons. Podarces (Eremias) quadrifrons, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p- 34, pl. iv. fig. 2. ‘ Nasals not swollen, lower divided and forming a suture with the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral ; four preefrontals, outer narrow, band-like, wedged in between the frontonasal, the normal preefrontals, and the loreals ; two large, and a small posterior third, supraoculars; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries and two in front of the anterior supraocular ; interparietal small; no occipital ; lower eyelid opaque; subocular not reaching the lip; lower nasals in contact with three labials ; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. 37 or 38 gular scales on a line from the collar to the suture between the anterior gular scales*; collar curved, perfectly free, with ten plates. Dorsal scales granular,smooth. Ventral plates in 32 transverse, and 14 or 16 oblique longitudinal series. An outer series of large transverse tibial shields. 13 femoral pores. Tail about once and one third the length of head and body. Olive-grey above; head irregularly spotted with black; a light streak along each side of the back, bordered internally by an interrupted black streak, externally by a series of black ocelli with bluish-white centre. Total length 138 millim. ; tail 38. Alashan Desert. 23. Eremias przewalskii +. Podarces (Eremias) kessleri, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 36, 1. ve —— (——) brachydactyla, Strauch, 1. c. p. 41, pl. vi. —— (——) przewalskii, Strauch, J. ¢, p. 43, pl. vil. Head moderate; snout obtuse. Nasals scarcely swollen, the lower sometimes divided, not reaching the rostral; fronto-nasal separated from the rostral ; two prefrontals ; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly; a small supraocular in front of and another behind the two large ones, the anterior sometimes broken up into small scales or granules; the distance from the loreal to the first prin- cipal supraocular is less than the length of the latter shield; the supracculars in contact with the frontal ; interparietal small ; * According to a communication from Dr. Strauch, q + Complying with a request from Dr. Strauch, I have adopted for this species the name which recalls its discoverer. 106 LACERTID A, no occipital ; temporal scales granular, smooth; an elongate scale on the supero-anterior border of the ear; no auricular denticulation; lower eyelid opaque ; subocular usually not reaching the lip, resting on the sixth, seventh, and eighth, or seventh, eighth, and ninth upper labials; lower nasal in contact with two or three labials ; the three or four anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; 32 to 38 gular scales on a line from the collar to the suture between the anterior chin-shields ; collar slightly curved, perfectly free, with 11 to 13 small plates. Dorsal scales granular, suboval, juxtaposed, per- fectly smooth, 60 to 65 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates forming irregular oblique longitudinal, and slightly angular transverse series; the longest transverse series contain 16 to 20 plates, which are longer than broad; 35 to 38 transverse series. Preanal scales small, irregular, a few postero-median slightly enlarged. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil or the collar; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the centre of the eye or the posterior border of the orbit; usually an outer series of large transverse shields, which are sometimes smaller and more irregular. 13 to 16 (11 to 17) femoral pores. Tail once and one fourth to once and a half as long as head and body; upper caudal scales obtusely keeled, basal subcaudals smooth. Pale yellowish or brownish above, spotted, marbled, or largely reticulated with black, the black spots extending on the head; lower surfaces white. : millim. millim. Total length ...... 175 From end of snout Head a cosve cigs ea sace 17 to vent ........ 75 Width of head .... 12 Forelimb ........ 25 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 40 fore limb ...... 29 Tall: x ectaccsaaios 100 Mongolia. a 9. Alashan Desert. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. (As typical of E. kesslert.) b 2. Tschirgu-Bulyk. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. (As typical of E. brachydactyla.) ec, @. Khara-Morité. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. (As typical of E. przewalskit.) 24, Eremias vermiculata. Eremias vermiculata, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 1875, p. 194, and 2nd Yarkand Miss., Rept. p. 18, pl. ii. fig. 5. Podarces (Eremias) pylzowi, Strauch, Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 28, pl. vi. fig. 1. Head moderate; snout rather pointed. Nasals swollen, lower not reaching the rostral; frontouasal separated from the rostral ; two prefrontals; frontal feebly grooved anteriorly; two large 14, EREmras.—15. scaprerra. 107 supraoculars, with a very small one behind, bordered anteriorly, externally, and internally with granules; the distance between the loreal and the anterior supraocular is less than the length of the latter shield; interparietal small; no occipital; tem- poral scales granular, smooth; an enlarged scale on ‘the supero- anterior border of the ear; no auricular denticulation; lower eyelid opaque ; subocular bordering the lip, between the sixth and seventh upper labials; lower nasal in contact with three labials ; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. A distinct transverse gular fold, connecting the ears; 39 gular scales on a line from the collar to the suture between the anterior gular shields ; collar curved, perfectly free, with 7 or 9 small plates. Dorsal scales granular, round, juxtaposed, perfectly smooth, 62 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates forming irregular oblique longitudinal and nearly straight transverse series; the longest transverse series contain 18 or 20 plates, which are longer than broad; 38 transverse series. Preanal scales small, irregular, a few postero-median slightly enlarged. The adpressed hind limb reaches halfway between the collar and the ear; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; infradigital scales feebly keeled; an outer series of large transverse subtibial shields. 2] or 22 (19 to 23) femoral pores. Tail more than twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales keeled, basal subcaudals smooth. Greyish above, dotted or vermiculated with black on the head and body; limbs with round whitish spots; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. Total length ...... 186 From end of snout Head is. isos ieee 16 to vent ........ 64 Width of head .... 11 Fore limb ........ 24 From end of snout to Hind limb........ 40 fore limb ...... 26 Tail (reproduced) .. 122 Eastern Turkestan to Mongolia. a. Khami Desert. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. (As typical . of E. pylzowi.) 15. SCAPTEIRA. Scapteira (Fitz.), Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p. 9; Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 2813 Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 39; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, . 126, Moncton: part., Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 282. Eremias, part., Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 286; Gray, Cat, Liz. p. 39. Acanthodactylus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 36. : Podarces, part., Strauch, Mél. Biol, Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 408. Saurites, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 60; Lataste, 1. c. Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between three nasals 108 LACERTIDE. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar distinct. Dorsal scales small; ventral shields feebly imbricate, smooth. Digits compressed or depressed, smooth or keeled inferiorly, fringed laterally. Femoral pores. Tail cylindrical. Central Asia; South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventral plates forming straight longitudinal series ; snout conical. A. Lower nasal forming a suture with the rostral. Subdigital lamella keeled ; frontonasal separated from the rostral by the nasals. 1. knowiz, p. 109. Subdigital lamella keeled; frontonasal in contact with the rostral.............. 2. depressa, p. 110. B. Lower nasal separated from the rostral. Subdigital lamelle keeled; subocular not reaching the lip.......... 0... 0.000 3. serripes, p. 111. Subdigital lamelle smooth ; subocular bor- dering the lip .s.ccsneese pees eee oa 4, reticulata, p. 112. II. Ventral plates forming oblique longitudinal series. A. Snout conical ; lower nasal separated from the rostral. Digits not flattened, keeled inferiorly ; two large supraoculars, surrounded by gra- NUS 2k ch cea aed eee ny as 5. scripta, p. 112. Digits flattened, smooth inferiorly ; two large supraoculars, surrounded by gra- NUS sd alee tarp tacis C4as wen aw 6. grammica, p. 118. Digits flattened, smooth or indistinctly keeled inferiorly ; three large supra- oculars, second and third bordered by BVAMUIOS, 6 ci scas exited swe aa ea Gaiedin Ones 7. acutirostris, p. 114. B. Snout wedge-shaped ; lower nasal forming a suture with the rostral. Frontonasal not forming a suture with the rostral; a lateral series of enlarged keeled scales on the posterior part of the ack: yuh ven esp wieisiieeh vanced ls) cas ated 8. ctenodactyla, p. 115. Frontonasal forming a suture with the rostral; no lateral series of enlarged 1) (2 a 9. cunetrostris, p. 116. 15. scaprrrra. 109 1. Scapteira knoxii. Eremias knoxii, part., Gray, Cat. p. 40. Lacerta kmoxii, M.-Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat, xvi. 1829, pp. 76, 85, pl. vi. fig. 6. Meroles knoxii, Gray, Ann, N. H. i. 1888, p. 282. Eremias lmoxii, Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 299; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xliii. fig. 1, and pl. xlviii. fig. 1. P Acanthodactylus nilgherrensis, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxi. 1853, p. 476, and Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 79. Eremias fordii, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 881. Head rather short ; snout obtuse: Nasals feebly swollen, lower forming a suture with the rostral; frontonasal (sometimes longi- tudinally divided) separated from the rostral ; usually one or two small azygos scales between the prefrontals ; frontal grooved anteriorly ; three or four supraoculars, first small and in contact with the loreal, sometimes broken up into several small scales, - fourth very small, if present; a series of granules between the principal supraoculars and the supraciliaries; interparietal penta- gonal or rhomboidal, usually in contact with a small occipital; a band-like shield borders the parietals externally; temporal scales granular, not, or but very obtusely, keeled; anterior border of ear denticulated ; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials; the first pair or first two pairs of chin-shields in contact, the third, or second and third, separated by granules. Collar curved, perfectly free, with 7 to 9 plates, Dorsal scales hexagonal or rhomboidal, keeled, larger, slightly imbricate, and strongly keeled on the posterior part of the back. 42 to 60 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series ; 12 or 14 longitudinal series, the outer very small; the two median series not broader than long, the others a little broader than long; 28 to 32 trans- verse series. Preanals usually subequal, the median posterior sometimes more enlarged. The adpressed hind limb reaches between the shoulder and the ear ; foot as long as, or a little longer than, the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; digits subcylindrical, strongly keeled inferiorly, feebly fringed laterally ; a series of large, and two of small, subtibial plates. 14 to 20 femoral pores. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body; caudal scales strongly keeled, except the basal subcaudals, which are obtusely keeled. Yellowish brown or olive above, with longitudinal series of whitish, black-edged ocelli or blackish spots usually confluent into four longitudinal bands, with or without round whitish spots; limbs with light ocelli; young with light and dark bands, the vertebral light band bifurcate on the nape, and series of round light spots along the dark ones; lower surfaces white. 110 LACERTID 2. d. Q. millim. millim. Total length ...... .. ce cece eee ee —_—* 161 NCA: oe. 's e539 tae overgates Sw al 14 15 Width of head .......-...0...0.- 10 11 From end of snout to forelimb .... 24 26 From end of snout to vent ........ 60 66 Fore limb. ....... 0.0 e eee eee 21 23 Ba B10 Obi s0] o paper meat eee aoe ere arena 40 42 MP aI fas actuco lances 4 en ts NA soko a a aneledaieee® —_ 95 South Africa; Comoro Islands. a-d. 39. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Types of Eremias e. 9. 8. Africa. fordii.) IS 8. Africa. g. Yg. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. h. Yg. Johanna. C. E. Bewsher, Esq. [C. l 2. Scapteira depressa. Eremias knoxii, part., Gray, Cat. p. 40. Lacerta depressa, Merrem, Tent. .p. 63, and Beitr. Gesch. Amph. : p. 106, pl. viii. Scuntelina depressa, Buetig. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1886, p. 12. Head short; snout obtuse. Nasals rather strongly swollen, lower forming a suture with the rostral ; frontonasal in contact with the rostral ; a pair of prefrontals; frontal grooved anteriorly ; three supraoculars, anterior smallest and in contact with the loreal and the anterior supraciliary; one or two small scales or granules between the anterior supraocular and the frontal; a series of granules between the two principal supraoculars and the supra- ciliaries ; interparietal rhomboidal; parietals forming a suture behind the latter ; occipital minute or absent; a band-like shield borders the parietals externally; temporal scales granular, not keeled ; anterior border of ear denticulated ; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh, or fourth, fifth, and sixth upper labials; the two anterior pair of chin-shields in contact, the third pair separated by a row of granules. Collar curved, perfectly free, with 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, rhomboidal, and obtusely keeled towards the sacrum ; 70 to 75 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in straight longitudinal and transverse series; those of the series on each side of the median pair a little broader than long, the others not broader than long; they form 12 or 14 longitudinal and 31 to 35 transverse series. Praanal plates small, sub- equal. The adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum, or half- way between the latter and the shoulder; foot as long as the * Tail lost. 15, SCAPTEIRA. 111 distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit digits subcylindrical, strongly keeled inferiorly, feebly fringed; a series of very large, and one or two of smaller, subtibial plates. 15 to 21 femoral pores. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales keeled; basal subcaudals smooth or obtusely keeled. Young dark brown above, with five longitudinal white bands, as wide as the interspaces between them, the median bifurcating on the nape; series of small white spots along the dark bands; limbs with large round spots.’ These markings become indistinct or disappear in the adult, which are greyish or coppery brown above, with longitudinal series of irregular black spots, some- times forming a reticulation ; lower surfaces white. millim. ; millim. Total length...... 163 From end of snout Head: ie awe 18 to vent ........ 58 Width of head.... 10 Fore limb ........ 20 From end of snout to Hind limb ........ 37 fore limb ...... 23 AU eisisvienstge act 'eie a 105 South Africa. a 3. 8. Africa. Earl of Derby [P.]. b-d. 9 & hgr. S. Africa. e. Yg. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 3. Scapteira serripes *. Eremias serripes, Peters, Gfvers. Vet. Ak. Fork. 1869, p. 659. Snout long and pointed, loreal region concave. Nasals feebly swollen, lower not reaching the rostral ; frontonasal separated from the rostral; frontal grooved anteriorly ; three large supraoculars, first with a small shield on each side, the two others bordered externally with granules ; interparietal rhomboidal; no occipital ; no band-like supratemporal shield; temporal scales obtusely keeled ; anterior border of ear with two or three large projecting scales; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the sixth, seventh, and eighth upper labials; the two or three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar’ curved, perfectly free, with 9 or 10 plates. Dorsal scales granular and smooth on the nape and between the shoulders, larger, subimbricate, and obtusely keeled on the back. Ventral plates about as long as broad, subequal, in straight longi- tudinal series; 29 or 30 transverse series, the longest of which contains 18 plates. Two large preanals, posterior largest. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the nostril; digits compressed, keeled inferiorly, strongly fringed laterally; one series of very large * Described from two specimens in the Berlin Museum—the type (6151) from Damaraland, and one from‘Benguela (6475) sent by Bocage as S, reviculata. 112 LACERTIDE, and two or three of small subtibial plates. 21 to 23 femoral pores. Upper caudal scales strongly keeled. Sandy grey above, with blackish reticulation ; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. Total length (tail re- From end of snout produced) ...... 118 to vent ........ 47 Head ose cseceacenes 14 Fore limb ........ 20 Width ofhead.... 9 Hind limb........ 37 From end of snout to fore limb .... 19 Damaraland, Benguela. 4. Scapteira reticulata. Scapteira P reticulata, Bocage, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 225. Podarces (Scapteira) reticulata, Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 424. Head narrow, with elongate and pointed snout. Nasals swollen; two large supraoculars, bordered with granules externally and posteriorly, preceded by a large shield placed between two very small ones; no occipital; subocular bordering the lip, between the seventh and eighth labials ; anterior margin of ear furnished with three denticulations. Scales on the nape and the anterior half of the back very small, juxtaposed, rounded, smooth; on the posterior half of the back the scales become larger and more distinctly keeled and imbricate. Ventrak plates quadrilateral, arranged in longitudinal and transverse series; the widest of the latter includes 18 plates. A large median preeanal, surrounded by smaller ones. Digits compressed, smooth beneath. Femoral pores 20 to 22. Caudal scales keeled. Fulvous above, reticulated with dark brown; three blackish streaks, more or less interrupted, along the tail; lower surfaces white. millim. Total length ................ 150 Gad: acca gs dda ced eae ee 14 dt een 99 Mossamedes, W. Africa. 5. Scapteira scripta. Podarces (Scapteira) scripta, Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 424. Snout pointed. Nasals feebly swollen, lower not reaching the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral; frontal grooved anteriorly; two large supraoculars, entirely surrounded with granules; a small posterior supraocular; interparietal rhomboidal ; no occipital; no band-like supratemporal shield; temporal scales 15. scarrerra. 113 granular, smooth ; edge of ear not denticulated ; subocular border- ing the lip, between the sixth and seventh upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar curved, perfectly free, with about nine plates. Dorsal scales minutely granular, smooth, larger on the sides. Ventral plates as long as broad, sub- equal, in oblique longitudinal series; 34 transverse series, the Jongest of which contain 16 plates. Preanals small, irregular. . The adpressed hind limb reaches the collar; foot slightly longer than the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; digits not depressed, keeled inferiorly, moderately fringed laterally ; the ungual lamelle much enlarged, forming a suboval disk ; one series of very large and one of small subtibial plates. 12 or 13 femoral pores. Tail about twice as long as head and body ; caudal scales feebly keeled. Pale sandy grey above; back with small dark brown dots or vermiculations confluent into longitudinal lines; sides with three regular dark longitudinal streaks, median broadest and commencing from the eye and ex- tending along the tail; upper surface of limbs with wide-meshed dark brown reticulations ; lower surfaces white. millim, millim. Total length...... 127 From end of snout Head .......... 10 to vent ..-..... 42 Width of head .... 6 Fore limb ........ 16 From end of snout Hind limb ........ 28 to forelimb ..,. 16 Pat chy ame yer 85 Aralo-Caspian desert to Eastern Turkestan. a-b. 2. River Lepsa. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. 6. Scapteira grammica. Scapteira grammica, Gray, Cat. p. 32. Lacerta grammica, Licht. in Eversm. Reise, p. 140. —— grammica, part., Licht. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 100. Scapteira grammica, Wiegm. l.c.; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 283, pl. liv. fig. 1; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 61. Podarces (Scapteira) grammica, Strauch, I. ¢. p. 409. Snout long and pointed. Nasals swollen, lower not reaching the rostral; frontonasal separated from the rostral; frontal grooved anteriorly; two large supraoculars, entirely surrounded with granules ; a small posterior supraocular ; interparietal pentagonal ; a minute occipital ; a small elongate shield on the outer border of the parietals ; anterior border of ear scarcely denticulated ; temporal scales granular, smooth; subocular not reaching the lip, in contact with the sixth to eighth or seventh to ninth upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar straight, the marginal scales very feebly enlarged. Dorsal scales minutely granular, smooth, or very feebly keeled, larger on the sides. Ventral scales longer than broad, subequal, in oblique longitudinal series ; about 40 transverse series, the longest of which contain 20 or 22 plates. VOL. III. I 114 LACERTID. Preanals small, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the collar ; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the an- terior border of the orbit; digits flattened, smooth inferiorly, strongly fringed laterally; the ungual lamelle much enlarged, forming a suboval disk ; subtibial plates rather small, outer series largest. 15 to 17 femoral pores. Tail not quite twice as long as head and body; upper caudal scales rather feebly keeled. Greyish above, with blackish network enclosing round lighter spots; lower surfaces white. willim. millim. Total lengthy. .ccac.ccn a esate en eee 176 144 GAG, coves acta sede Seg ean wan 17 14 Width of head.................. ll. 9 From end of snout to fore limb .... 26 22 From end of snout to vent ........ 66 56 Fore mis x ssh cise pope lacee Sea ane 23 20 SELTING TAT asides inca asaiael coavaa plan aay tee 40 33 MAI seer jrcet diac hen/ scones teeters aa roans tan 110 88 Aralo-Caspian desert to Eastern Turkestan. ad. River Ili. St. Petersburg Museum fe b-c. 2 & hor. River Lepsa. St. Petersburg Museum [E.]. 7. Scapteira acutirostris. Snout conical, acutely pointed; loreal region nearly vertical. Nasals slightly swollen, lower not reaching the rostral, upper forming a long median suture; frontal grooved anteriorly ; three large supraoculars, forming sutures with one another, first in contact with the first supraciliary, the second loreal, the prefrontal, and the frontal ; second and third supraoculars separated from the supra- ciliaries and from the frontal by a series of granules; two or three minute granules between the first and second supraoculars ; a small band-like posterior supraocular, separated from the others by granules ; interparietal pentagonal ; no occipital; parictals forming a suture behind the interparietal ; no enlarged scales on the outer border of the parietals; temporal scales granular, smooth; no auricular denticulation ; subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar straight, the marginal scales feebly enlarged. Dorsal scales minutely granular, smooth, equal. Ventrals equilateral or longer than broad, in oblique longitudinal series; 30 transverse series, the longest of which contain about 20 plates. A very large preanal plate, about twice as broad as long. The adpressed hind limb reaches the posterior border of the orbit; foot as long as the distance between the arm and the anterior loreal; digits flattened, smooth or indistinctly keeled inferiorly, strongly fringed laterally; the ungual lamellae much enlarged, forming a suboval disk; a series of large transverse 4 15, scapTrrra. F 115 subtibial shields. 15-17 femoral pores. Upper caudal scales feebly keeled. Sand-coloured above, with blackish network; head with symmetrical black markings ; lower surfaces white. millim. millim. From snout to vent.. 35 From end of snout Head, icky aia 10 to fore limb .... 15 Width of head...... 65 Fore limb ........ 14 Hind limb ... .. 25 Northern Baluchistan. a. Yg. Between Nushki and Helmand. Dr. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan ; * Boundary Commission, 8. Scapteira ctenodactyla. Acanthodactylus capensis, Gray, Cat. p. 87. Lacerta ctenodactylus, Smith, Mag. N. H. (2) ii. 1888, p. 98. Acanthodactylus capensis, Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xxxix.; A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 127; Peters, Mon. Beri. Ac. 1869, p. 61; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 744. Snout much flattened, cuneiform, with projecting angular labial margin. Nasals feebly swollen, lower largely in contact with the rostral ; frontonasal separated from the rostral, or touching it with its anterior angle; frontal small and narrow, grooved anteriorly ; three large supraoculars, anterior in contact with the loreal and the supraciliary, the two others separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules ; third supraocular bordered posteriorly by several rows of granules; two or three small shields between the second supraocular and the frontal; interparietal pentagonal, usually in contact with a small occipital ; a few small elongate shields on the outer border of the parietals; temporal scales granular, obtusely keeled; ear-opening small, partly concealed under an oblong fold of skin; subocular resting on the fifth, sixth, and seventh, or sixth to eighth upper labials; the seventh or eighth upper labials much larger than the others; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Anterior gular scales rather large; collar-edge nearly straight, distinctly serrated. Dorsal scales very small, granular, smooth or obtusely keeled ; a narrow band of larger, rhomboidal, keeled scales on each side of the posterior part of the back and of the sacrum. Ventral plates as long as broad, subequal, in oblique longitudinal series; 36 or 37 transverse series, the longest of which contain 20 to 2+ plates. Przeanals irregular, small or sub- equal, or postero-median enlarged. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear or the eye; foot a little longer than the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; digits compressed, keeled inferiorly, strongly fringed on the outer edge; three series of subtibial shields, outer largest. 28 to 30 femoral pores. Tail strongly depressed at the base, about once and three fourths as long as head and body; upper and lower one scales 1 116 LACERTID&. feebly keeled, laterals more strongly ; the scales on the upper sur- face of the depressed portion of the tail. small. Brownish or orange above, sides with a broad dark brown or tile-red band edged with whitish ; sides and limbs with whitish spots; lower surfaces yellow. é- Q. millim. millim. Total length ....... pctv gw get acer 214 267 Head ..... wi cidis est waa cea ees 21 25 Width of head .............0008- 15 20 From end of snout to fore limb..... , 386 37 From end of snout to vent .,...... 78 97 Fore: dimb: 3s26 eee he ve Se oe kate eee 29 34 Bind limbs vee eee ce eRe Oe 58 70 Pail.) ss vaadws ase aaths exis Bae , 136 170 South Africa, a-b. o Q, Great Namaqualand. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Types of Acanthodactylus capensis.) Gos Beaufort West. Rev. G. H.R. Fisk [P.]. 9, Scapteira cuneirostris. Podarces (Scapteira) cuneirostris, Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb, vi. 1867, p. 411. Saurites (Eremias) cuneirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1869, p. 60. Snout much flattened, cuneiform, with projecting angular labial margin. Nasals swollen, lower largely in contact with the rostral; frontonasal forming a suture with the rostral; frontal scarcely grooved; three large supraoculars, anterior in contact with the loreal and the supraciliary, the two others separated from the supraciliaries by a series of granules; third supraocular bordered posteriorly by several rows of granules; a series of two to six small shields or granules between the second supraocular and the frontal; interparietal rhomboidal; one or several granules represent the occipital; a few feebly enlarged supratemporals bor- dering the parietals; temporal scales obtusely keeled ; ear-opening small, partly concealed under an oblique fold of skin ; subocular resting on the sixth and seventh, or the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials; the two or three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Gular scales very small; collar-edge nearly straight, feebly serrated, with very small plates. Dorsal scales minutely granular, smooth. Ventrals small, as long as broad, subequal, in oblique longitudinal series; 42 to 48 transverse series, the longest of which contain 26 to 30 plates. Praanals small, irregular. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; foot a little longer than the distance between the arm and the anterior border of the orbit; digits compressed, feebly keeled inferiorly, strongly fringed on the outer edge ; several series of subtibial shields, outer largest. 19 to 22 femoral pores, 15. scarTErRA.— 16, APOROSAURA. 117 Tail as in S. ctenodactyla. Greyish or sandy-coloured above, with darker network enclosing round lighter spots; tail with three longi- tudinal blackish lines ; lower surfaces whitish. millim. willim. Total length ...... 153 From end of snout Head .cecsvavinac 16 to vent ........ 58 Width of head...... 13 Fore limb ........ 24 From end of snout to Hindlimb...... 47 fore limb........ 27 2 AE eee 95 South Africa. a-b. 5 & her. Damaraland. Mr. Anderson [C.]. ad. S. Africa. 16. APOROSAURA. Pachyrhynchus (non Spix) , Bocage, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xx. 1867, p- 226; Strauch, Mél. Biol. Ac. St. Pétersb. vi. 1867, p. 408; Lataste, Ann. Mus, Genov, (2) ii. 1885, p. 126. Head wide and flattened ; snout much depressed, wide, spatulate, with trenchant margins greatly exceeding the outline of the mouth. Head-shields normal; no occipital. Nostril pierced between three nasals. Lower eyelid scaly. No collar. Dorsal scales granular. Ventral plates smooth. Digits compressed, covered with smonth scales beneath, denticulated laterally. No femoral pores. Tail éylindrical. West Afriea. 1. Aporosaura anchietz: Pachy rhynchus anchiets, Bocage, l. c. p. 227; fig. Rostral much depressed, forming with the first seven upper labials the projecting border of the snout ; subocular in contact with the fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials; frontal very narrow ; three large supraoculars ; parietals very short, much broader than long, separated by a rhomboidal interparietal; three pairs of chin-shields in contact ; ear-opening narrow, without marginal denticulation. Dorsal scales very small, juxtaposed, smooth, slightly inflated. Ventral plates quadrilateral, subequal, arranged in 20 to 24 straight longitudinal rows, and berdered upon the flanks by several rows of similar, but smaller plates. Prieanal scales numerous, small, subequal. Scales out the base of the tail similar to the dorsals; those on the rounded portion large, imbricate, and keeled. Golden- yellow above, with a wide-meshed black network on the back and limbs; a black vertebral streak ; an elongate black spot covers the occiput; head and temples variegated with black ; a black line along the side of the tail; lower surfaces uniform white. 118 LACERTIDA. millim Total length .......... eae 112 Head) s.9.cesn eae aves as penewns 17 Pail sass vegeayeseaeoeesees 57 Mossamedes. 17. HOLASPIS. Holaspis (Smith), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 152; Lataste, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) ii. 1885, p. 125. No frontoparietals ; a large interparietal in contact with the frontal ; occipital present. Nostril pierced between two nasals, above the first labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar distinct. Two series of large, smooth, transverse shields along the nape, back, and tail ; lateral scales small. Ventral platessmooth. Digits depressed and denticulated laterally in their basal half, compressed distally ; subdigital lamella smooth. Femoral pores. Tail much depressed, fringed laterally. West Africa. 1. Holaspis guentheri. Holaspis guentheri (Smith), Gray, 1. c. p. 153, pl. xx. fig. 1; F. Miiller, Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 702. Head and body much depressed ; snout long and pointed. Fronto- nasal forming a suture with the rostral; interparietal larger than . the frontal, in contact with a trapezoid occipital ; four supraoculars ; subocular bordering the lip, between the fourth and fifth upper labials ; temporal scales granular, flat, smooth; no auricular den- ticulation ; the three anterior pairs of chin-shields in contact. Collar straight, with nine small plates. Dorso-lateral scales elon- gate, quadrangular, keeled ; ventral plates in six longitudinal rows. A large preanal plate. 13 femoral pores. Brown above, with three whitish longitudinal lines on each side. millim, millim, Total length ...... 74 Fore limb ........ 13 Head ............ 10 Hind limb ........ 18 Width of head .... 5 Tail(reproduced).... 36 BOGy” nei o 0 caieeey 28 Gold Coast (?), Sierra Leone, Gaboon, Congo. a, Ad. a P Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type.) GERRHOSAURIDA, 119 Fam. 17. GERRHOSAURID. Scincide, part., Anguide, part., Gray, Ann. Phil. (2) x. 1825. Ophisauroidea, part., Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept. 1826. Autarchoglosse, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. 1880. Ptychopleuri, part., Wegmann, Herp. Mex. 1834. ee Ptychopleures, part., Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. v. 839. Zonuride, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. 1845. Zonuride, part., Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sc. xix. 1871. Gerrhosauride, Boulenger, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884. Tongue’ moderately elongate, bifid posteriorly, free and very feebly nicked anteriorly, covered with imbricate scale-like papille or oblique plicee converging anteriorly towards the median line. Dentition pleurodont ; teeth closely set, with long cylindrical shafts, hollow at the base, with conical or bicuspid ciowns. Ptery- goid teeth often present. Skull in every respect similar to that of the Lacertide, with dermal ossification roofing over the supratemporal fosse. Limbs well developed or rudimentary. Clavicle dilated and loop-shaped proximally ; interclavicle.cruciform. Tail long and fragile. Head with symmetrical shields. Body with squarish or rhom- boidal imbricate scales, which often form regular longitudinal and transverse series; it is besides protected by osteodermal plates, un- derlying the scales, which show a system of longitudinal tubules intersecting a transverse one, as in the Scincide; this structure usually more distinct on the ventral plates than on the thicker and rougher dorsal ones. A lateral fold, with granular scales, similar to that of Gerrhonotus, is present in all genera except Trache- loptychus, which in its scaling more resembles the Scincs. Femoral pores constantly present. Lyelids well developed. Tym- panum distinct. This family is exactly intermediate between the Lacertide (single premaxillary, femoral pores) and the Scincide (presence and struc- ture of the dermal bony plates). It is strictly African, its head- quarters being South Africa and Madagascar, and extending north- wards to the southern limit of the Sahara. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Nostril pierced between two nasals and the first labial; ventral plates forming straight transverse series. Tongue nearly entirely covered with imbricate scale-like papille ; prefrontals and frontoparietals present ; lower eyelid scaly. 1. Gerrhosaurus, p. 120. Tongue nearly entirely covered with oblique plice ; no prefrontals ; frontoparietals present; lower eyelid scaly; limbs short or rudimentary ........e0.. ee ee 2. Tetradactylus, p. 124. 120 GERRHOSAURIDA. Tongue nearly entirely covered with imbricate scale-like papille; no prefrontals ; frontoparietals present or absent; lower eyelid with a large transparent disk .. 3. Cordylosaurus, p. 126. II. Nostril pierced between two nasals, the rostral, and the first labial; ventrals not forming straight transverse series. A lateral fold along the body ; no frontoparietals. 4, Zonosaurus, p. 127. No lateral fold on the body; frontoparietals present. 5. Tracheloptychus, p. 129. 1. GERRHOSAURUS. Gerrhosaurus, Wiegm. Isis, 1828, p. 878, and Herp. Mex. p. 11; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 158; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 52, and Proc, Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 642. Cicigna, part., Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 63. Pleurotuchus, Smith, Mag. Zool. Bot. i. 1837, p. 142. Gerrhosaurus, part., Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 868. Nostril pierced between the first labial and two nasals; preefrontal and frontoparietal shields present. Lower eyelid scaly. A strong lateral fold. Dorsal and ventral scales forming straight longitudinal and transverse series. Subdigital scales smooth or tubercular. Tongue entirely covered with rhomboidal papille. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventral shields in 14 or 16 longitudinal series ; tympanic shield large, cres- centic; dorsal shields pluricarinate . 1. validus, p. 121. II. Ventral shields in § longitudinal series ; tympanic shield narrow; dorsal scales unicarinate. Prefrontals in contact, forming a long su- ture; dorsal shields in 18 or 20 longi- tudinal series)... gvwe-e ous putes eons 2. major, p. 121. Prefrontals in contact, forming a long suture; dorsal shields in 24 to 28 longitudinal series, all keeled ........ 3. nigrolineatus, p. 122. Prefrontals separated, the frontonasal touching the frontal; dorsal shields in 20 to 24 longitudinal series, the laterals not distinctly keeled ........ 4, flavigularis, p. 122. III. Ventral shields in 10 longitudinal series; tympanic shield large, cres- centic; dorsal shields unicarinate .. 5. typicus, p. 123. 1. GERRHOSAURUS. 121 1. Gerrhosaurus validus. Gerrhosaurus vallidus (Sund.), Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept., App. p. 9; Peters, Efvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1869, p. 659. robustus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 618, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 58, pl. ix. Head and body much depressed. Head-shields striated; fronto- nasal broader than long, not touching the rostral; prefrontals in contact, forming a long suture; a large, crescentic tympanic scale, partly covering the ear-opening. Dorsal shields feebly serrated posteriorly, tri- or quinquecarinate, in 28 or 30 longitudinal and 52 or 53 transverse series (from the parietal shields to the base of the tail); ventrals in 14 or 16 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 18 to 21 on each side. Tail nearly twice the length of head and body. Blackish brown above, each dorsal scale with a small yellow spot or short streak; in some specimens a yellow band extends along each side of the back; lower surfaces brown, throat and breast lighter. millim. voillim. Total length...... 513 Fore limb ...... .. 658 Head .......... 36 Hind limb ........ 75 Width of head.... 30 Taille ter eee aes 335 Body .......... 142 South and South-east Africa. a, Ad. Near the sources of the Orange Sir A. Smith [P.]. River. : Pelee 6. Ad. Tette, Mozambique. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 2. Gerrhosaurus major. Gerrhosaurus major, A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 189; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 58. Head and body feebly depressed. Head-shields rugose ; fronto- nasal broader than long, its point in contact with the rostral; pre- frontals in contact, forming a long suture; a narrow, band-like shield on the anterior border of the ear-opening. Dorsal shields slightly rugose, strongly keeled, in 18 or 20 longitudinal and 32 to 34 transverse series; ventrals in 10 longitudinal series. 11 to 14 femoral pores on each side. Tail a little longer than head and body, slightly compressed in its posterior half. Fulvous-brown above, yellowish inferiorly. millim. millim. Total length ...... 406 Fore limb ........ 55 FOAM es: ie ei ered ack 38 Hind limb........ 76 Width of head .... 32 Tall sey the ates oreo 210 BOY? risa ak sacs tie 158 122 GERRHOSAURIDA. East Africa (Zanzibar, Telta). a, Ad. Zanzibar. Sir Lambert Playfair [P.]. - b, ec. Ad, Zanzibar. _ Sir J. Kirk (C.]. 3. Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus. Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 49. — wmultilineatus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. i. 1866, p. 61. Head moderate; body cyclotetragonal. Head-shields smooth ; frontonasal broader than long, not touching the rostral ; prefrontals in contact, forming a long suture ; a narrow, band-like shield in front of the ear-opening. Dorsal shields all diagonally keeled, in 24 to 28 longitudinal and 54 to 60 transverse series; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 14 to 18. Tail a little more than twice as long as head and body. Brown or olive above, with dark brown and yellowish squarish spots, and two or more yellowish dark-edged streaks along the back; lower surfaces yel- lowish. millim. millim Total length ...... 437 , Fore limb ........ 35 Head. s.3 vn eo ee 2 25 Hind limb........ 65 Width of head .... 20 BT, ae Ho. ost see gsr 305 Body essen 0 353 eg'ea'g 107 West Africa, a. Ad. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.]- 6. Her. Carangigo. Dr. Welwitsch [P.]. e. Her. Ambriz, Angola. ‘d. Ad. W. Africa. e. Ad. —?P Sir J, Richardson [P.]. f. Ad. —-? Bristol Museum [P.]. 4, Gerrhosaurus flavigularis. Gerrhosaurus flavigularis, Gray, Cat. p. 50. bibronii, Gray, 1. e. Gérrhosaurus flavigularis, Wregm. Isis, 1828, p. 879; Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxxiv. fig. 1; Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 878; Smith, Til. 8. Afr., Rept. pls. xxxvii. and xlii. figs. 1-4; Peters, Reise n. Mos- samb, iii. p. 57. ocellatus, Cocteau, Mag. de Zool. 1834, iii. pl. iv. Pleurotuchus chrysobronchus, Smith, Mag. Zool. Bot. 1.1887, p. 148. dejardinii, Smith, 1. ¢. Gerrhosaurus bibronii, Smith, Ill. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xxxviii. fig. 1, and pl. xlii. figs. 9-12; A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 141. flavigularis, var. quadrilineata, Boettyg. 22. wu. 28. Ber. Offend. Ver. f. Naturk. 1883, p. 156. Head small; body cyclotetragonal. Head-shields smooth; fronto- nasal as long as broad, not touching the rostral, forming a short ‘suture with the frontal ; a narrow tympanic shield. Dorsal scales feebly striated, keeled, the laterals not or very indistinctly keeled, 1. GERRHOSAURUS. 123 in 20 to 24 longitudinal and 55 to 64 transverse series ; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 10 to 13. Tail about twice as long as head and body. Brown or olive above, usually with a light, black-edged streak on each side, extending from the supraoculars to the tail; a pair of narrow light streaks, sometimes broken up, may run along the middle of the back ; back frequently With squarish black spots with light central shafts; young with vertical black bars on the flanks; lower surfaces yellowish. millim. millim, Total length ...... 365 Fore limb ........ 27 ead ossoaanicaada 20 Hind limb........ 47 Width of head.... 15 als csaeiee maw 230 Body ieee sacssie Sag 115 South and East Africa (as far north as Sennar). a-f. Ad., her, & yg. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. g-h. Yg. 8. Africa. k,l. Ad. Port Natal. T. Ayres, Esq. [C.]. m-o. Ad. - Caledon River. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Types of G. bibronit.) p-g, 7. Ad. —? s. Ad., skeleton. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 5. Gerrhosaurus typicus. Gerrhosaurus typicus, Gray, Cat. p. 50. Pleurotuchus typicus, Smith, Mag. Zool. Bot. i. 1887, p. 148. Gerrhosaurus typicus, Dum. § Bibr. v. p. 383; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xxxviii. fig. 2, and pl. xlii. figs. 5-8. Head small; body cyclotetragonal. Head-shields smooth; nasals slightly swollen ; frontonasal as long as broad, in contact with the rostral and the frontal ; a large crescentic tympanic shield, covering part of the ear-opening. Dorsal scales keeled, the laterals smooth, in 22 or 24 longitudinal and 56 transverse series; ventrals in 10 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 16 to 18. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body. Brown above, sides with squarish light spots; a light, dark-edged streak on each side, from the supraoculars to the tail. millim. millim Total length ...... 290 Fore limb ........ 32 Head orc ween 19 Hind limb........ 50 Width of head .... 15 Tail. gaa dei gets 190 Body? ie: ie ot eed ee 81 South Africa. Ad. South of the mouth of the Sir A. Smith [P.]. Orange River. (Types.) 124 GERRHOSAURIDE. 2. TETRADACTYLUS. Chalcides, part., Daud. Rept. iv. p. 359. Tetradactylus, Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 75. Tachydromus, part., Merrem, 1. e. p. 69. Cicigna, Gray, Ann. Phil. (2) x. 1826, p. 201. Saurophis, Fitzing. N. Classif. Rept. p. 20; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 158; Wiegm. Herp. Mex. p. 11; Dum. § Bibr.v. p. 387; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 51. Gerrhosaurus, part., Dum. § Bibr. p. 368. Caitia, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 389, and Cat. p. 52. Pleurostrichus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 51. Nostril pierced between the first labial and two nasala; no pre- frontal shields; frontoparietals present. Lower eyelid scaly. A strong lateral fold. Dorsal and ventral scales forming straight longi- tudinal and transverse series. ' Digits, if present, smooth inferiorly. Tongue entirely covered with oblique plice converging anteriorly towards the median line. South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. Limbs short but well developed, pentadactyle. 1. seps, p. 124. Limbs very short, tetradactyle .......... 2. tetradactylus, p. 125. Limbs minute, undivided .............. 3. africanus, p. 125, 1. Tetradactylus seps. Pleurostrichus sepiformis, Gray, Cat. p. 51. Lacerta seps, Linn. S. N. i. p. 363. Scincus sepiformis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 191. Tachydromus seps, Merr. Tent. p. 69. Cicigna sepiformis, Gray, Ann. Phil. (2) x. 1825, p. 201. Gerrhosaurus sepiformis, Dum. §& Bibr, v. p. 884; Smith, Ill. 8. Afr, Rept. pl. xli. fig. 1,* and pl. xlii. figs. 18-16; Gravenh. Nov. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. xxiii. 1851, i. p. 301, pl. xxvii. Body elongate ; limbs short but well developed and pentadactyle ; the length of the hind limb equals or exceeds the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb. Dorsal shields strongly striated; the posterior dorsal and the upper caudal shields with a stronger median keel; dorsal shields in 13 longitudinal and 57 to 61 transverse series (counting from the parietal shield to the base of the tail); ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 9 to 12 on each side. Olive or reddish brown above, the edges of the scales darker; sides usually darker; upper lip with small light dark-edged spots ; lower surfaces olive or grey. millim, millim. Total length ...... 191 Fore limb ........ 18 Head...... ms I 10 Hind limb........ 21 Width of head .... 7 Pall © ase temcatesceng a aes 132 Body: wcceweyaas os 49 2. TEPRADACTYLUS. 125 . South Africa. a-e. Ad. & her, 8. Africa, Sir A. Smith [P.]. 7. Ad. 8. Africa, C. Darwin, Esq. | P.]. 9, hy t% Ad. 8. Africa. 2. Tetradactylus tetradactylus. Saurophis tetradactylus, Gray, Cat. p. 51. Lacerta tetradactyla, Lacép. Ann. Mus. ii. 1803, p. 351, pl. lix. fig. 2. Chalcides tetradactylus, Daud. Rept. iv. p. 362. Tetradactylus chalcidicus, Merr. Tent. p. 75. Saurophis seps, Fitsing. N. Class. Rept.-p. 50, tetradactylus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 159, Chalcis tetradactyla, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xvi. fig. 2. Saurophis lacepedii, Dum. & Bibr. v. p. 389; Gravenh, Nov. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol, xxiii. 1851, i. p. 304, pl. xxviii. Serpentiform; limbs very short, tetradactyle. Dorsal shields striated and strongly keeled, in 14 longitudinal and 61 or 62 transverse series ; ventrals in 6 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 4or 5. Olive above, with dark brown longitudinal streaks ; temple and side of neck usually with dark brown vertical bars; lower surfaces pale olive. ; millim. millim Total length ...... 285 Fore limb ........ 7 Head............ 10 Hind limb........ 10 Width of head .... 6 Patil), 3 codeecirsccr ede oy 220 BODY i sea etic alitalacs 55 South Africa. a. Ad. Interior of South Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 6, c-e. Ad. S. Africa. 3. Tetradactylus africanus. (Puare IV. fig. 3.) Caitia africana, Gray, Cat. p. 52. Caitia africana, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 389. Serpentiform ; limbs minute, undivided. Dorsal shields striated and strongly keeled, in 14 longitudinal and 60 to 62 transverse series ; ventrals in 6 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 2 or 3. Olive above, with dark brown longitudinal lines; temple and side of neck with dark brown vertical bars; lower surfaces pale olive. From snout to vent 72 millim.; tail 250 millim. South Africa. a-c, Ad, & yg. 8. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 126 GERRHOSAURID, 3. CORDYLOSAURUS. Pleurostrichus, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 51. Cordylosaurus, Gray, Proc, Zool, Soc. 1865, p. 641. Nostril pierced between the first labial and two nasals; no prefrontal shields; frontoparietals present or absent. Lower eyelid with a transparent disk. A strong lateralfold. Dorsal and ventral scales forming straight longitudinal and transverse series. Sub- digital scales keeled. The greater part of the tongue covered with rhomboidal papille. South-west Africa. 1. Cordylosaurus trivittatus. Gerrhosaurus trivittatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 18, and Csfvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1869, p. 659. Cordylosaurus trivirgatus, Gray, 1. c. pl. xxxviii. fig. 2. : trivittatus, Giinth. Zool. fec. 1865, p. 148. Head and body depressed. Dorsal scales tri- or quinquecarinate, the central keel strongest, in 15 longitudinal and 52 to 55 transverse series ; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. Femoral pores 7 to 10 on each side. Pale olive, above with three broad dark brown longi- tudinal bands. millim. millim. Total length ...... 121 Fore limb ........ 11 Head eicscvecvsss 8 Hind limb ........ 17 Width of head .... 6 Pail. 24 sesame 77 Body ........ sgae 86 South-west Africa. a, Ad. Great Namaqualand. b. Ad. Damaraland. Mr. Anderson [C.]. (Type of C. trivirgatus.) ce. Hgr. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [P.]. 2. Cordylosaurus subtessellatus. Pleurostrichus subtessellatus, Gray, Cat. p. 51. Gerrhosaurus subtessellatus, Smith, Ill. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xli. fig. 2, and pl. xlii. figs. 17-20. Cordylosaurus subtessellatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18@5, p. 641. Very closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs in the dorsal scales not being distinctly keeled, and in coloration. Middle of the back yellowish brown, the sides checkered white and blackish” brown ; sides of body dark brown; lower surfaces brownish. From snout to vent 50 millim. Great Namaqualand. a, Ad. Great Namaqualand. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type.) 4. ZONOSAURUS. 127 4, ZONOSAURUS*. Cicigna, part., Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 63. Gerrhonotus, part., Dum. §& Bibr. v. p. 368. Cicigna (non Gray, 1825), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 49. ewe ie (non Gray, 1845), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 642. Nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial, and two nasals ; prefrontal shields present; no frontoparietals. Lower eye- lid sealy. A strong lateral fold. Dorsal scales forming straight longitudinal and transverse series; ventrals hexagonal, in longi- tudinal series. Subdigital scales smooth or tubercular. Tongue nearly entirely covered with rhomboidal papille. Madagascar. Synopsis of the Species. Interparietal usually absent; four upper labials anterior to the sub- ocular; 16 to 22 femoral pores on each side ......... ei aeat sce Sabers 1. madagascariensis, p. 127. A small interparietal; four upper labials anterior to the subocular ; 10 to 15 femoral pores .......... 2. ornatus, p. 128. Three upper labials anterior to the sub- ocular ; 10 to 13 femoral pores.... 3. rufipes, p. 128. 1. Zonosaurus madagascariensis. Cicigna madagascariensis, Gray, Cat. p. 49. Cicigna madavascariensis, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 64, Gerrhosaurus bifasciatus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 375, pl. xlvii. madagascariensis, Boettg. Abh. Sench. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 35. —— (Cicigna) madagascariensis, Boetty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1879, p. 471, and xii. 1881, p. 449. . Frontonasal forming a suture with the rostral and with the frontal; four upper labials anterior to the subocular ; interparietal (usually) absent. Dorsal scales striated, with a strong median keel in the young, which becomes more feeble or disappears entirely in the adult; they form 22 or 24 longitudinal and 50 to 54 transverse series, counting from the parietal shields to the base of the tail ; ventrals in 8 longitudinal series. 16 to 22 femoral pores on each * The following species are referred to Zonosaurus merely on account. of their habitat, as unfortunately nothing in Grandidier’s diagnoses affords a clue to their position in the system : — . 1. Gerrhosaurus quadrilineatus, Grandid. Rey. et Mag. Zool. xix. 1867, p. 233.—Tullear, Madagascar. 9. G. laticaudus, id. eod. loc. xxi. 1869, p. 841.—Fiérin, Madagascar. 3. G. karsteni, id. ibid.—Fiérin. 4. G. eneus, id, Ann. Se. Nat. (5) xv. 1872, art. 20, p. 8.—Madagascar. 128 GERRHOSAURID. side, Tail about once and two thirds the length of head and body. Olive-brown above, spotted with black, usually with a broad pale greenish, black-edged band on each side of the back, commencing from the last supraocular; lower surfaces greenish white. millim. millim Total length ...... 344 Fore limb ........ 37 Head.c. seis sway 24 Hind limb........ 66 Width of head .... 18 Pal. s casatiarun even 220 Body: is