: De yey sista saa Sherine it Gee aie i ; ik = at aes ares: = it 4 Eee Huu elt, wy wiser est a \ ; sais Hehe ihe oa fil ease nimi ae i t St ats are ee ee Bret ahs eru ae ae 5, is ets Carnell Uninersity Library Sthaca, New Work BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE, ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 CATALOGUE OF THE UNGULATE MAMMALS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). Vou. I. AAP LODAGT ¥ lik, FAMILY BOVIDA, SUBFAMILIES BUBALINA TO REDUNCINA (HARTEBEESTS, GNUS, DUIKERS, DIK-DIKS, KLIPSPRINGERS, REEDBUCKS, WATERBUCKS, Etc.). By R. LYDEKKER, F.RS., ASSISTED BY GILBERT BLAINE. ‘ LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. SOLD BY Lonemans, GREEN & Co., 39, PaTeRNosTER Row, E.C. B. QuaritcH, 11, Grarron Street, New Bonp Srreet, W. Dutav & Co., Lrp., 37, SoHo SquaRE, W. AND AT THE British Musrum (NaturaL History), CRomwELL Roap, 5.W. 1914. (All rights reserved.) i) LONDON PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, 8 E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. PREFACE THE second Volume of the Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals deals with the African Antelopes belonging to the Sub- families Bubalinee, Cephalophine, Oreotragine, Neotragine, Madoquinze and Reduncine, including the Hartebeests, Gnus, Duikers, Klipspringers, Oribis, Dik-diks, Reedbucks, Waterbucks and their allies. It is hoped that the third Volume will contain an account of the remainder of the Antelopes, of which the Gazelles constitute the most numerous section, and that it will also include the Prong- buck, the Giraffes and the Okapi. The present volume has been prepared by Mr. R. Lydek- ker, F.R.S., with the assistance of Mr. Gilbert Blaine. It need hardly be pointed out that the acknowledgments con- tained in Volume I. of the help received from the donors of specimens and from those who have contributed in other ways to the growth of the Collection apply with equal force to those who have assisted in obtaining and determining the specimens described in the present volume. SIDNEY F. HARMER, Keeper of Zoology. British Museum (Natura History), Lonpon, 8.W. ‘ January 10, 1914. Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024783338 INTRODUCTION My labours in the preparation of the greater part of this volume have been much lightened by Mr. Gilbert Blaine, who has been good enough to examine, name, and catalogue the specimens in the Collection. In regard to the classifica- tion of the heterogeneous group of ruminants commonly included under the designation of “antelopes,” it has been deemed advisable to follow the one adopted by Sclater and Thomas in The Book of Antclopes, with such minor modifica- tions as are necessary in order to bring it, so far as possible, into accord with the emendations in regard to the position of certain generic groups and the limitations of subfamilies proposed by Mr. R. I. Pocock in his article on the Cutaneous Scent-Glands of Ruminants, published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1910. In several cases considerable difficulty has been expe- rienced with regard to the numerous local forms of African antelopes for which separate subspecific names have been proposed, as the specimens in the Collection are quite insufficient to afford a clue as to the value of the characters upon which these forms are based. When such forms are from more or less widely sundered localities they have, as a rule, been recognised as distinct ; but in cases where several have been named from nearly adjacent, or even the same, districts, their right to distinction has not been definitely accepted, and the subspecific titles are merely entered seriatim, under the heading of the species to which they pertain. In all cases the responsibility for the recognition of such local races rests with the writers by whom the names were given, and not with myself. As in the preceding volume, special prominence has been given to external characters, more particularly the horns, in vi INTRODUCTION the definition of groups, in order to render the work more acceptable to sportsmen than would be the case if less easily appreciated features were given the first place The opportunity may be taken of correcting the following errors in the first volume :— P. 81, last line, for R. S. Giinther read R. T. Giinther. P. 102, line 6 from bottom, for 2. 8. 9. 8. read 2. 3. 9. 6. P. 129, bottom line, p. 162, line 16 from top, and Index, pp. 243, 244, for Orthagoceros read Orthegoceros. P. 160, line 10 from top, for 50 read 553. P. 182, line 4 from bottom, for 713 read 73. P. 184, line 2 from bottom, for 27; read 2%. R. LYDEKKER. December 10th, 1918. CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION OrperR UNGULATA. SuBORDER I.—ARTIODACTYLA. Section A.—PEcora. Famity I. Bovine . SUBFAMILY v. BuBALINE I. Genus Busatis IT. BUBALIS BUSELAPHUS II. BuBaLis MAJOR III. Buparts Tora A.—Bubalis tora tora B.—Bubalis tora digglei . C.—Bubalis tora rahatensis D.—Bubalis tora swaynei E.—Bubalis tora noacki . IV. BusaLis COKEI A.—Bubalis cokei cokei B.—Bubalis cokei rothschild: . C.—Bubalis cokei nakurze D.—Bubalis cokei kongoni V. BUBALIS NEUMANNI VI. BuBaLis LELWEL . A.—Bubalis lelwel lelwel. B.—Bubalis lelwel tschadensis. C.—Bubalis lelwel jacksoni D.—Bubalis lelwel niediecki E.—Bubalis lelwel insignis F.—Bubalis lelwel roosevelti VII. Bupauis cAAMA A.—Bubalis caama caama B.—Bubalis caama selbornei VIII. BuBaLis LICHTENSTEINI . PAGE vill CONTENTS II. Genus Dama.iscus I. DaMALISCUS PYGARGUS II. DaMALISCUS ALBIFRONS . IIT, DamaLiscus LUNATUS IV. DaMaLiIscUS KORRIGUM A.—Damaliscus korrigum korrigum . T..—Damaliscus korrigum tiang C.—Damaliscus korrigum selousi D.—Damaliscus korrigum jonesi E.—Damaliscus korrigum jimela ¥'.—Damaliscus korrigum phalius V. DAMALISCUS BUNTERI. III. Genus ConnocHamTES I. CoNNOCHETES GNU. II. ConNOCHETES TAURINUS . A.—Connochetes taurinus taurinus . B.—Connochetes taurinus johnstoni C.—Connochetes taurinus hecki D.—Connochetes taurinus albojubatus SUBFAMILY vi. CEPHALOPHINE ‘ Genus CEPHALOPHUS 1. SuBpGENUS CEPHALOPHUS . J. CEPHALOPHUS SYLVICULTRIX Il. CEPHALOPHUS JENTINKI III. CepHaLoPuUS sPADIX IV. CEPHALOPHUS NATALENSIS A.—Cephalophus natalensis natalensis B.—Cephalophus natalensis amcenus C.—Cephalophus natalensis robertsi D.—Cephalophus natalensis bradshawi V. CEPHALOPHUS CENTRALIS . VI. CEPHALOPHUS NIGRIFRONS VII. CEPHALOPHUS CLAUDI VIII. CEPHALOPHUS RUBIDUS IX. CEPHALOPHUS WEYNSI XX. CEPHALOPHUS JOHNSTONI XI. CEPHALOPHUS IGNIFER XII. CeEpHALOPHUS HARVEYI : A.—Cephalophus harveyi harveyi ; B.—Cephalophus harveyi kenixe PAGE 35 CONTENTS XIII. CePpHALOPHUS LEOPOLDI ATV. CEPHALOPHUS LEUCOGASTER XV. CEPHALOPHUS DORSALIS AVI. CEPHALOPHUS CASTANEUS XVII. CEPHALOPHUS LEUCOCHILUS (?) CEPHALOPHUS EMINI XVIII. CEPHALOPHUS OGILBYI XIX. CEpHALOPHUS BROOKET. XX. CEPHALOPHUS CALLIPYGUS XXI. CEPHALOPHUS RUFILATUS A.—Cephalophus rufilatus rufilatus B.—Cephalophus rufilatus rubidior XXII. CEPHALOPHUS DORIZ XXIII. CepHALOPHUS NIGER XXIV. CEPHALOPHUS WALKERI 2. SUBGENUS GUEVEI XXY. CepHALoPHUS (GUEVEI) MAXWELLI XXAVI. CepHaLopuus (GUEVEI) MELANORHEUS . A.--Cephalophus melanorheus melanorheus B.—Cephalophug melanorheus sundevalli C.—Cephalophus melanorheus anchiete D.—Cephalophus melanorheus equatorialis E.—Cephalophus melanorheus musculoides XAVII. CepHaLopHus (GUEVEI) MONTICOLA XXVIII. CerHaLtornus (GUEVEI) NYASH A.—Cephalophus nyase nyasie B.—Cephalophus nyasie defriesi C.—Cephalophus nyase congicus XXIX. CepHALOPHUS (GUEVEI) HECKI XXX. CePHALOPHUS (GUEVEI) SIMPSONI . XXXI. CepHaLopHuS (GUEVEI) LUGENS 3. SuBGENUS SYLVICAPRA XXXII. CepHatopuus (SyLVIcAPRA) GRIMMI A.—Cephalophus grimmi grimmi B.—Cephalophus grimmi flavescens C.—Cephalophus grimmi altifrons D.—Cephalophus grimmi splendidulus E.—Cephalophus grimmi coronatus . F.—Cephalophus grimmi campbelli 1X PAGE 78 79 80 81 82 83 88 84 85 86 87 89 89 91 92 100 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 107 107 110 112 113 114 114 116 CONTENTS G.—Cephalophus grimmi abyssinicus H.—Cephalophus grinimi nyanse I. —Cephalophus grimmi hindei J. —Cephalophus grimmi altivallis K.—Cephalophus grimmi shirensis L.—Cephalophus grimmi roosevelti . XXNITI. CepHatopuus (SYLVICAPRA) LEUCOPROSOPUS . SUBFAMILY vii. OREOTRAGINE GENUS OREOTRAGUS . OREOTRAGUS OREOTRAGUS A.—Oreotragus oreotragus oreotragus B.—Oreotragus oreotragus saltatrixoides C.—Oreotragus oreotragus aureus D.—Oreotragus oreotragus schillingsi E.—Oreotragus oreotragus somalicus F.—Oreotragus oreotragus aceratos . G.—Oreotragus oreotragus porteousi SUBFAMILY viii. NEOTRAGINE I. Genus OUREBIA I. OUREBIA OUREBI II. OuREBIA HASTATA III. OurEBIA NIGRICAUDATA IV. OUREBIA MONTANA . A.—Ourebia montana montana B.—Ourebia mentana equatoria V. OUREBIA HAGGARDI VI. OUREBIA KENYE VIT. OUREBIA MICRODON VIII. OcREBIA GOSLINGI . IX. OUREBIA COTTONI X. OUREBIA GALLARUM. IJ. Genus Rapuicerus 1. Suspcenus RapuHicerus I. RaPHICERUS CAMPESTRIS . A.—Raphicerus campestris campestris B.—Raphicerus campestris natalensis C.—Raphicerus campestris neumanni D.—Raphicerus campestris stigmaticus E.—Raphicerus campestris capricornis PAGE 117 118 119 120 120 121 121 122 123 123 126 126 127 127 128 130 130 131 132 133 135 137 138 139 140 140 141 142 143 144 144 145 146 146 149 151 151 152 153 CONTENTS II. RapHICERUS SHARPEI A.—Raphicerus sharpei diarpei B.—Raphicerus sharpei colonicus 2. Suspcenus Nororracus III. Rapuicerus (NoToTRaGus) MELANOTIS III. Genus Nrorracus 1. Suscenus NeEsorracus I. Neorracus (NESOTRAGUS) MOSCHATUS A.—Neotragus moschatus moschatus B.—Neotragus moschatus akeleyei C.—Neotragus moschatus deserticola II. Ngotracus (NESOTRAGUS) LIVINGSTONIANUS A.—Neotragus livingstonianus livingstonianus . B.—Neotragus livingstonianus zuluensis 2. SupcENus Hynarnus. III. Neorracus (HyLARNUS) BATESI IV. Neorracus (HyLtarnus) HARRISONI 3. SuBcENuUsS Neorracus V. NEOTRAGUS PYGMEUS SuBpraMILy ix. Mapoquine® I. Genus Mapoaqua . 1. Supcenus Mapoqua I. Mapoqua SALTIANA. II. Mapoqua SWAYNEI . III. Mapoqua PIACENTINIL IV. Mapoqua PHILLIPSI A.—Madoqua phillipsi phillipsi B.—Madoqua phillipsi harrarensis C.—Madoqua phillipsi gubanensis V. MapoQqua ERLANGERI VI. Mapoqua CORDEAUXI 2. SUBGENUS RHYNCHOTRAGUS VII. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) DAMARENSIS . A.—Madoqua damarensis damarensis B.—Madoqua damarensis variani VIII. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) CAVENDISHI A.—Madoqua cavendishi cavendishi . B.—Madoqua cavendishi minor X1 PAGH 1538 154 155 155 155 158 159 159 160 161 162 162 163 164 166 166 167 168 169 172 172 173 174 176 177 177 178 179 181 182 182 183 184 184 185 185 186 187 xii CONTENTS IX. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) KIRKI . A.—Madoqua kirki kirki . B.—Madoqua kirki nyike C.—Madoqua kirki hindei X. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) THOMASI XI. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) GUENTHERI A.—Madoqua guentheri guentheri B.—Madoqua guentheri wroughtoni . C.—Madoqua guentheri smithi XII. Mapoqua (RHYNCHOTRAGUS) NASOGUTTATA II. Genus Dorcotracus DoRCOTRAGUS MEGALOTIS SuBFAMILY x. REDUNCINE I. Genus PELEA PELEA CAPREOLUS II. Gexus Repunca. 1. Supcenus ELEOTRAGUS I. Repunca (ELEOTRAGUS) ARUNDINUM A.—Redunca arundinum arundinum B.—Redunea arundinum occidentalis 2. SuBcenus ReDunca . II. RepuNcA REDUNCA . A.—Redunea redunca redunca . B.— Reduneca redunca bohor C.—Redunca redunca wardi D.—Reduncea reduneca tohi Ii.—Reduncea redunea cottoni ¥.—Redunca redunca nigeriensis G.—Redunea redunca ugande . III. REDUNCA FULVORUFULA . A.—Redunea fulvorufula fulvorufula. B.—Redunea fulvorufula chanleri C.—Redunca fulvorufula shoana III. Genus Kopus 1. SusaENus Kobus I. Kopus ELLIPSIPRYMNUS II. Kopus DEFASSA A.—Kobus defassa defassa B.—Kobus defassa ugande CONTENTS C.—Kobus defassa unctuosus D.—Kobus defassa crawshayi . Ik.—Kobus defassa penricei 2. SuBGENUS ONoTRAGUS III. Konus (Onorracus) LECHE IV. Konus (OnorraGus) ROBERTSI V. Kosus (ONoTRAGUS) SMITHEMANI VI. Konus (ONOTRAGUS) MARIA 3. Supaenus ADENOTA . VII. Kopus (ADENOTA) KOB A.—Kobus kob kob B.—Kobus kob nigricans C.—Kobus kob adolfi D.—Kobus kob bahr-keetze E.—Kobus kob ubangiensis F.—Kobus kob alure G.—Kobus kob loderi H.--Kobus kob neumanni I. —Kobus kob notatus J.—Kobus kob thomasi . K.—Kobus kob nigroscapulatus L.—Kobus kob leucotis VIII. Kosus (ADENoTA) VARDONI A.—Kobus vardoni vardoni B.—Kobus vardoni senganus xill PAGE 241 244 245 246 246 249 249 2651 253 ONS 256 258 259 259 259 260 260 262 268 . 264 265 266 268 269 269 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1.—Skull and Horns of Tora Hartebeest (Bubalis tora) 2.—Head of Coke’s Hartebeest (Bubalzs coket). . 3.—Skull and Horns of Jackson’s Hartebeest abate lelwel jacksont) 4,—Head and neck of Northern Race of Reo Hartebeest (Bubalis caama selbornet) 5.—Head of Lichtenstein’s Hartebeest ‘(Rubaiee iesibars- steint). ‘ . 6.—Head of Tiang Wiamaliseus hove’ dguene ttang) 7.—Skull and Horns of Herola or Hunter’s Hartebeest (Damaliscus huntert) 8.—The Gnu (Connocheetes gnu) 9.—Skull and Horns of Gnu iC oymaiocBiates sis 10.—Front and Side Views of Skull and Horns of Yellow- backed Duiker (Cephalophus sylvicultria) 11.—Front and Side Views of Skull and Horns of Duta, bok (Cephalophus grummt) 12.—Front and Side Views of Skull of Somali Kipepringer (Oreotragus oreotragus somalicus) : 13.—Front and Side Views of Skull and Horns of Hota: 8 Oribi (Owrebia hastata) : 14.—Front and Side Views of Skull and Hanns of Kenia Oribi (Ourebia kenyee) . 15.—Front and Side Views of Skull of Steinbok (Haphicerus Ws campestris) . A 16.—Livingstone’s Suni (Neotragus [Ne estas | livin. stonianus). A, Male, changing coat, and female. B, Female . 17.—Front and Side Views of Skull aud Horns af Muto race of Livingstone’s Suni (Neotragus [Nesotragus] livingstonianus zulwensis) 18.—Front and Side Views of Skull aad. Hors of “Batac? Dwart Antelope (Neotragus [Hylarnus| batesi) 19.—Front and Side Views of Skull with one Horn, and without lower jaw, of the Royal Antelope (Neotragus pygmeus) . 20.—Front and Side Views of Skull ud Horns of Harrar Rave of Phillips’ Dik-Dik (Madoqua phillipst harrarensis) 21.—Front and Side View of Skull and Horns of Cavendish’s Dik-Dik (Madoqua [Rhynchotragus] cavendisht) . : : ; ; , ; 112 129 1386 142 150 163 165 167 171 180 186 xyvl Fig. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 22.—Front and Side Views of Skull and Horns of the Beira (Dorcotragus megalotis) 23.—Skull and Horns of the Vaal Rhebok ‘(Palen capr eota) 24.—Head of Reedbuck (Redwnea [Eleotragus] arundinum) 25.—Skull and Horns of Eastern Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca redunca wardt) . 26.—Head of Sudani Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca redunca cottont), from Mongalla 27.—Skull and Horns of Uganda Tieladsa (Kobus iss ugande) 28.—Skull and Horns of Shari Defassa (Kobus defasea unctwosws(?) ) : 29.—Head of the Lechwe (I is [Onotragus] etka. 80.—Skull and Horns of Mrs. Gray’s Lechwe (Kobus [Onotragus] maria). é . 31.—Skull and Horns of Western Keb (Kobus kod) 32.—-Skull (wanting lower jaw) and Horns of Loder’s Kob (Kobus kob loder’). (From “ Proc. Zool. Soc.’’ 1899, p. 988) 33.—Head and neck of Albert Nyanza Kob tisebaes hob neumannt.) (From a photograph lent by Rowland Ward, Ltd.) PAGE 196 201 207 216 218 233 243 248 252 257 261 262 CATALOGUE OF UNG UAT VO: i Te: Famity BOVIDA® (continued). KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF BOVIDH INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME. c. Horns (when twisted) heteronymous (vol. i, p. 10). a. Horns in both sexes, relatively large, in females; never in the form of relatively short straight spikes. Size, medium or large. a’. Horns fibrous, depressed, wich opposed edges of bases forming parallel approximated lines on forehead... b'. Horns close-grained and more or less nearly cylindrical, at least at tips, and opposed edges of bases not forming parallel lines on forehead. a’, Horns conical and gently or strongly recurved, or bent downwards and outwards at bases, and finally directed up- wards; never strongly ridged. Tail (except in two species of Nemorhedus) short............044 b?. Horns sublyrate, strongly ridged, and often sharply bent near middle, or smooth and directed at first outwards or downwards. Tail relatively TONE 4 asceaicreaes vaewncens ibeceidn Ovibovine (vol. i). Rupicaprine (vol.i). Bubaline, p. 2. B bo CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES b. Horns present or absent infemales; when present in both sexes, spike-shaped. a’, Horns in the form of relatively short straight spikes. ace - glands present; tail short or medium. Size small to large. a*, Horns frequently present in female. Face-glands forming a line on a bare streak. Head crested. Size medium or small............ Cephalophine, b?, Horns (except in one race of Oreo- [p. 59. tragus) normally absent in female. Face-glands not forming a line on a bare streak. Head not crested. Size small. a*. Hoofs truncated .............6cceeee Oreotragine, p. 122. o*. Hoofs normal. a‘. Muzzle with large bare area reaching hind angle of MOSUL. esascnacenisersssvoes Neotragine, p.131. b+. Muzzle with small bare area, notreaching much beyond front angle of nostrils... Madoquine, p. 172. b'. Horns (except in Pelea) not in the form of relatively short straight spikes; absent in females. Face- glands and (except in Pelea) foot- glands wanting; tail medium. Size, medium or large............... Reduneine, p. 197. SuBFAMILY v.—BUBALIN-. Size large. Tail medium or long, terminally crested or clothed with long hairs. Muzzle with a small bare muftile and large valvular nostrils, of which the lower margins are clothed with short bristly hairs. Face-glands placed near eyes, of an invaginated type, not: forming a line of pores; foot-glands in a deep interdigital cleft, with the orifice forming a long slit bordered above by a sharply defined line in fore-feet, absent or rudimentary in hind feet ; apparently no glands in groin, Teats 2 or 4. Lateral hoofs well developed. Horns heteronymous, present in both sexes, relatively large in females; of moderate length, and either ridved, upright, and doubly or singly curved, with smooth tips, or smooth throughout, and directed at first mainly outwards or downwards. Skull with shallow lachrymal depressions, but no lachrymal vacuities or supraorbital pits. Upper molar hypsodont, with narrow crowns, and no inner accessory BUBALINAE 3 column. Vertebre: usually c. 7, D. 13, L. 6, 8. 5, ca. 12-14, but in Connochetes gnu D. 14. The distributional area embraces practically the whole of Africa, where the country is suitable to these antelopes. In the Pliocene it included India. The three genera here recognised are distinguished as follows :— A. Horns rising more or less vertically, ringed, with smooth tips; face-gland with a single orifice leading into a hair-lined tube, which dips into the substance of the gland. a. Horns doubly curved, more or less sharply angulated, mounted on an elevated pedicle, and face abnormally elongated .................. Bubalis. b. Horns simply curved, without sharp angulation, not supported on a pedicle, and face of normal proportions............0.ce cece teen eee Damatiscus. B. Horns directed mainly outwards or downwards at starting, smooth throughout; face-glands without central orifice and tube, their free surface consisting of a sparsely haired area OR BIA son ccvsscpotuain ecnite tha nidiatatvate aeuloreeneainniteses Connocheetes. I. Genus BUBALIS. Bubalis, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, p. 154, 1814; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 5, 1894; Pocock, Proc, Zool, Soc. 1910, p. 900. Alcelaphus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Riitimeyer, Abh., schwetz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 47, 1877. Damalis and Acronotus, H. Snuth, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, pp. 343 and 345, 1827. Sigmoceros, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 4, 1912. Large ungainly antelopes, with abnormally long faces, and horns, which are strongly ridged for the greater part of their length, and doubly curved, with a more or less marked “elbow” at commencement of smooth tips, rising in a more or less vertical direction from a cylindrical pedicle surmounting the fronto-occipital region. Neck without mane, tail reaching below hocks, moderately haired, generally with a crest of long hair on upper side of terminal half; a whorl of hair on forehead, and hair on middle line of face below this directed downwards to a point a short distance above nose, where there is a second whorl; face-glands large, with a central B 2 4 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES orifice leading to a hairy tube, usually tufted. General colour uniform brownish, yellowish, or rufous, with or without dark markings on face and limbs. Distribution co-extensive with that of subfamily. The eight species here recognised may be briefly diagnosed as follows :— A. Horn-pedicle relatively short; horns U-shaped when viewed full-face. a. Size small, shoulder-height about 3. feet B IWCH ES veces mabey als wen anseeai scwnmeannssares aus B. buselaphus. b. Size larger, shoulder-height from about 4 feet 2 inches to 4 feet 6 inches ................00... B. major. . Horn-pedicle of medium height; horns more or less of an inverted bracket-shape (—~—). a. Horns relatively slender, with middle portion inclining upwards .............cecceceseeceeeee eas B, tora. b. Horns stouter, typically with middle portion HOP Ofitalls.cccsis sagacwsesnesdewamuniatinpsneresaece B. coket. . Horns more or less intermediate in form between those: of Band D oo. assweioe sheniemeanseveiaseoeoaee B. neumanni. . Horn-pedicle very tall; horns V-shaped in full face. a. A dark face-blaze, dark markings on shoulders, thighs, and fore-legs, and a whitish patch on sides of buttocks ..........cc eee eee eee B. caama, b. Dark and light markings absent, or represented only by small patches on face and fore-lees B. lelwel. Horn-pedicle very short and broad; horns much incurved before sub-terminal elbow ...... B,. luehtensteini. I. BUBALIS BUSELAPHUS. Antilope buselaphus, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766. Antilope bubalis, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i, p. 12, 1767, xii, p. 16,1777 ; Miiller, Natursyst, Suppl. p. 54,1776; Eraleben, Syst. Regn, Anim. vol. i, p.291,1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 544, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 122, 1780; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 83, 1780; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 143, 1785 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pl. eclxxvii, B, 1787 ; Gmelin, Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 188, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 314, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytriye, p. 633, 1792; Bechstein, Ueber- sicht vierfiiss. Uhiere, vol.i, p. 95, 1799, vol. ii, p. 645, 1800 ; Shaw, Gen, Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 831, 1801; Virey, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. iii, p. 525, 1803; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 114, 1806 ; Illager, Prodr, Syst. Mamm. p. 106, 1811; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 163, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia vol. iii, p. 417, 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soe. Upsal. vol. xii, p. 220, 1815; Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 241, 1816; Des- imarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii, p- 195, 1816; Goldfuss Mamm. vol. ii, p. 466, Schreber's Stugthiere, vol. v, p. 1171, 1820 : BUBALIN & 5 Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 890, 1821; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii, livr. li, 1825; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 881, 1827, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 180, 1842; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 473, 1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 6338, 1868; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 469, 1844, vol. v, p. 445, 1855 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 448, 1845; Giebel, Sdiugethiere, p. 296, 1855 ; Riitimeyer, Abh. schiveiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 47, 1877. Cerophorus (Alcelaphus) bubalis, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Damalis bubalis, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 847, vol. v, p. 362, 1827. Acronotus bubalis, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 221, 1833; H. Smith, Nut. Libr. vol. iv, p. 174, 1836; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 157, 1848, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1847. Bubalus mauritanicus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1836, p. 189. Bubalis mauretanica, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 208, 1846; Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guinée, p. 195, 1853; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 195, 1893. Boselaphus bubalis, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 238, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 189, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 20, pl. xx, 1850; Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 51. Aleelaphus bubalis, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. vp. 128, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 114, 1873; Tristram, The Sahara, p. 887, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 86; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 643; Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 47, 1877; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 139, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi) p. 171, 1892; Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 24, 1885. Bubalis bubalis, Brehm, U'hierleben, Sdugetiere, vol. iii, p. 217, 1880, ed. 3, p. 3855, 1891; partim. (?) Alcelaphus bubalis, var. tunisianus, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 123, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 44, 1872. Alcelaphus bubale, Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamun. Brit. Mus. p. 248, 1862. Alcelaphus bubalinus, Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 335, 1891. Bubalis buselaphus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 7, pl. i, 1894; Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. viii, p. 177, 1901; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 336, 1902; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 149, 1907; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 85, 1913. Bubalis boselaphus, Trowessart, Cat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 905, 1899; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 183, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 94, 1908 ; Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 184, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 120, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 900. Typical locality probably Morocco. Smallest of the group, shoulder-height 3 feet 7 inches to 3 feet 8 inches. Horns mounted on a short pedicle, 6 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES diverging in a regular U-shaped curve, with little backward inclination of tips. Colour uniform pale rufous or yellowish fawn, with no dark markings on face or limbs, but a pair of indistinct greyish patches on muzzle; no whitish on lower part of rump; only terminal tuft of tail black. Approximate basal length of skull 13 inches; maximum breadth 43 inches. Good horns may measure from 134 to 15 inches along front curve, the maximum recorded length being 154 inches. Information is lacking with regard to the distribution of this apparently rare species in North Africa. It has been stated by Tristram that this hartebeest, which has long since been extinct in Egypt, exists in Syria and Arabia, and in support of this statement the authors of the Book of Antelopes refer to a pair of horns obtained by Tristram from the Arahs of Syria “apparently referable to a female of this species.” The present writer has, however, been unable to find any other testimony that this, or any other, hartebeest inhabits south-western Asia. 64], «. Skin, mounted. North Africa. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1855, 98. 6.16.1. Head, mounted.: North Africa. Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1898. 59. 2.10.1. Skin and skeleton, female. North Africa. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1857. 641, ¢ Horns. North Africa. No history. 46.10. 30.153. Skin young, mounted. Tunis. Purchased, 1846. II. BUBALIS MAJOR. Boselaphus major, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 52. Bubalis major, Ward, Records of Big Game,* p. 62, 1892, ed. 6, p. 121, 1910; Matschie, Mitth. deutsch. Schutagebiet, vol. vi, pt. 8, p. 17, 1898; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 196, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 184, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 96, 1908; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 11, 1894; arnold, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 185, 1899; de Winton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 358, 1899; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xxiii, p. 18, 1901; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 390, 1907. * This name like others in the sequel given as dating from Ward’s book were first used in the Field by the present writer in articles subsequently republished in Horns and Hoofs. =r BUBALIN-1 Typical locality probably Gambia. Larger than the preceding species, standing as much as 43 feet at the withers, with more massive horns, which are more sharply bent near the middle of their length, and have long, smooth tips. General colowr uniform rufous fawn, ranging from deep rufous almost to greyish fawn, with the face deep brown, and dark brown or blackish streaks on the fore-legs below the knees, and the tail-tuft black. The record horns measure 262 inches along the front curve, with a girth of 134, and a tip-to-tip interval of 64 inches. The range extends from Gambia to Nigeria and the interior of the Cameruns, Togoland, etc. 13. 3. 8. 3. Skin, mounted. Leri-n-duchi, North-eastern Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Presented by Malcolm P. Hyatt, Esq., 1913. 76. 1. 4. 8, Skull, with horns, and head-skin. West Africa. Purchased, 1876. 95. 8. 25. 1-3. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature, and skull, with horns, and skin, female. Lokoja, at junction of Benue with Niger. Presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir F. J. D. Lugard, G.CALG., CB., 1895. 60. 1.10.19. Skull, with horns. West Africa. Purchased, 1860. 64.7.16.1. Skull. West Africa; collected by Dalton. Purchased, 1864 69. 2.9.1. Frontlet and horns. West Africa; received from E. Blyth, Esq. Co-type. Purchased, 1869. 69. 2.9. 2. Frontlet and horns, female. Same locality and collector. Co-type. Same history. 1987, e. Frontlet and horns, female, West Africa. No history. 92. 11. £. 1. Frontlet and horns. Southern Nigeria ; collected by E. Bower, Esq. Purchased, 1892. 99. 6.15.14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Northern Territory of Gold Coast. Presented by Capt. W. Giffard, 1899. 1. 4. 3. 5. Skull, with horns, immature. Nigeria ; collected by Major Wilkinson. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1901. 4.7.9.1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Zungeru, Northern Nigeria. Presented by Capt. H. Cock, 1904. 8 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 4.7. 9. 2. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female. Same locality. Same history. 4.7.9.3. Frontletand horns. Momaji, Northern Nigeria. Same history. 5. 5.10. 2-3. Two skulls, with horns, andskins. Wasé, northern Nigeria. Presented by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm, 1905. 7.7. 8. 248. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Ihi, northern Nigeria; Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 190°. 7.7.8.249. Skull, with horns,andskin. Ibi; Alexander- Gosling Expedition. Same history. 7. 7. 8. 250. Skull, with horns, female. Nigeria (7) ; Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Same history. 7.7. 8.251. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Ibi; Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Same history. 7.7. 8.261. Skin. Ibi; same collection. Same history. 11. 6. 10. 109. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper Gambia. Presented by G. Fenwick Owen, Esq., 1911. 11. 6.10.110. Skull, with horns. Upper Gambia. Same history. 1.9.15.1. Skin. Nigeria; collected by Capt. H. A. Porter. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1901. 8. 10.15.1. Body-skin. Northern Territories, Gold Coast. Presented by G. Dudgeon, Esq., 1908. 3, 8.3.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper Gambia. Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1913. 13. 8.38.2. Head-skin. Same locality. Same history. UT. BUBALIS TORA. Alcelaphus tora, Gray, Nature, vol. viii, p. 864, 1873, dnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xii, p. 341, 18738, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 172, 1873; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18738, pp. 729 and 762, 1875, p. 529; Riittmcyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 47, 1877; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 139, 1877, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi) p. 171, 1892; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 335, 1891. Boselaphus bubalis, Heuglin, Nova Acta, Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 21, 1868, nee Antilope bubalis, Pallas. Acronotus bubalis, Heuglin, Reise Nordost Afrika, vol. ii, p. 122, 1877, nee Antilope bubalis, Pallas. Bubalis bubalis, Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethicre, vol. iii, p. 217, 1880, ed. 3, p. 855, 1891; partim. BUBALIN AL 9 Bubalis tora, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 59, 1892, ed. 6, p. 123, 1910; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 198, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 133, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 100, 1908; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 15, 1894; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 461, 1902. Tora. Typical locality Abyssinia, to which country, together with the lower part of the Blue Nile basin, this species appears to be restricted. Ca BP Fic. 1.—Sxunt anp Horns or Tora Harresrest (Bubalis tora). Size, typically, much the same as in the preceding species ; the shoulder-height ranging, it is stated, from 4 to 43 feet. Horns, which surmount a pedicle of medium height, in the form of a wide inverted bracket, and very slender; general colour ranging from pale fulvous, with or without a distinct dirty white rump-patch to deep rufous; tail-tuft black. > 10 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES The local races are distinguished as follows :— A, A light rump-patch, but no dark face-blaze. a. Horns distinctly bracket-shaped, and forming an obtuse angle at bend, with divergent GUS! Seewsavags sak caceanenatenaal aca Mannedagsontey seamee B. t. tora. b. Horns intermediate between a and c, with : ; tips directed straight backwards............. B. t. digglet. c. Horns less distinctly bracket-shaped, and forming nearly a right angle at bend, with ; Convergent Lips» sv ssacwwaxeasaess qalss seats om eenaes B. t. rahatensis. B. No light rump-patch, but a dark face-blaze. a. Horns directed forwards and then inwards ; general colour deep rufous .............ec eee B. t. swaynet. b. Horns intermediate between those of tora and . swaynet ; general colour deeper rufous ... B. t. noackt. The range includes Abyssinia and Somaliland. A.—Bubalis tora tora. Bubalis tora typica, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 133, 1899. Bubalis tora tora, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. 12, p. 576, 1913. Typical locality Abyssinia. Horns distinctly bracket-shaped, with but slight inward inclination, and forming (in a front view) an obtuse angle at the bend, after which the direction of the tips is out- wards ; general colour palish fulvous with rufous chin; a light rump-patch ; limbs also light except front of fore-legs. Skull relatively slender and light; basal length 153, and maximum width 53 inches. Fine horns measure from 20 to 224 along front curve, with a girth of from 9 to 10, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 10 to just over 22 inches. 73. 8.29. 1. Skin, mounted, with skull (figured in Gray’s Hand-List, pl. xli) in head. Dembelas, Abyssinia. C'o-type. Purchased, 1873. 73. 8. 29. 2. Skin, mounted, female, with skull (figured hy Gray, loc. cit.)in head. Dembelas. Co-type. Same history. 13. 11. 13.1. Head, mounted. Dinder Valley, White Nile; collected by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe. Presented by Col. E. J. Gunthorpe, 1913. 13.11. 13.2. Head, mounted, female. Same locality and collector. Same history. BUBALIN.E 11 88. 7.4.1. Head, mounted. Abyssinia. Purchased, 1888. 88. 7. 4. 2. Skull, with horns (fig. 1). Abyssinia. Same history. 73. 8. 29. 3. Skeleton, mounted, with horns. Dembelas. Purchased, 1873. 73. 2. 24.12. Skin, skuil, and horns. Dembelas. Same history. 73. 2. 24.13. Skin, skull, and horns, young, Dembelas. Milk-canines exist in skull. Same history. 94. 4. 26.1. Skull, with horns, Sudan. Purchased (Ward), 1894. 5, 9, 24.4. Skull, with horns. Sennar. Presented by Capt. B. de H. Smith, 1905. B.—Bubalis tora digglei. Bubalis tora digglei, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 576, 1918. Typical locality Keili, northwards along the Ofat River on the Sudan-Abyssinian frontier. Type in Tring Museum. Horns intermediate in form between those of A and C, with tips directed straight backwards; general colour dark fulvous, tending to rufous, with hair of face-glands and chin black. 1. 7.6.12. Skull, with horns, and skin, provisionally referred to this race. Hawash Valley, Abyssinia. Presented by KH. A. Pease, Esq., 1901. C.—Bubalis tora rahatensis. Bubalis tora rahatensis, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 246; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 100, 1908; Ward, fecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 123, 1910. Typical locality Ambu, Rahat, Abyssinia, whence the range extends to middle part of Blue Nile Valley. Type the head figured on p. 334 of Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia ; now in the collection of the author of that work at Quex Park, Birchington. Horns less distinctly bracket-shaped than in typical race, 12 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES with the points inclining inwards, and the bend nearly at right angles. 94. 4. 26.1. Skull, provisionally referred to this race. Nile Valley. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894. D.—Bubalis tora swaynei. Bubalis swaynei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892. p. 98, pl. v, and pp. 118, 257; Swayne, ibid. p. 803, Seventeen Trips through Somaliland, ed. 2, p. 3805, 1900, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 144, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 60, 1892, ed. 6, p. 125, 1910; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 198, 18938, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 183, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 101, 1908; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 21, pl. ii, 1894; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 57, 1910. Bubalis tora swaynei, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 576, 1818. Sia. Typical locality the “ Haud” of Central Somaliland. Somewhat smaller than the typical race (shoulder-height about 3 feet, 11 inches), and distinguished by the presence of dark markings on the face and Jimbs, the richer body- colouring, and the absence of a whitish rump-patch. Horn- tips directed forwards and then inwards; general colour deep rufous brown, finely speckled with white, due to the white tips of the hairs; face, except a chocolate band just below line of eyes, gland-tufts, chin, shoulders, fore-legs above knees, thighs, a patch on inside of hind-legs above hocks and an indistinct one on outer side, hind surfaces of pasterns, and upper surface of terminal half of tail, with its crest, black ; hams paler than back, but root of tail and legs (except where black) coloured like back. Fine horns measure from 19 to just over 20 inches along front curve, with a girth of from 9 to 104, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 16 to 27 inches. 93.4.7. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Somaliland. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1893. 86. 1.25.4. Body-skin. Near Berbera; collected by Herr J. Menges. Same donor, 1886. 92. 5.10.1. Head-skin, skull, and horns. Somaliland; collected by Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Type. Same donor, 1892. 95. 12.1. 5-6. Two skins and skulls, with horns. Ogaden, Somaliland. Same donor, 1873. BUBALIN.E 13 E.—Bubalis tora noacki. Bubalis noacki, O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 93. Bubalis swaynei noacki, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 101, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 125, 1910. Typical locality Eastern Somaliland. General colour deeper rufous, tending to purplish red, with the black face-markings indistinct and less defined than in preceding race, but similar limb-markings; horns intermediate between those of swaynei and tora. Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann. 6. 11. 1. 54. Skull, with horns, and skin. Arusi- Gallaland. Presented by IV N. McMillan, Esq., 1906. IV. BUBALIS COKEI. Alcelaphus cokei, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiv, p. 426, 1884; Thomson, Masailand, p. 220, 1885; Hunter, Willoughby’s East Africa, p. 288, pl. i, fig. 1, 1889; Lugard, East Africa, vol. i, p. 532, 1893. Bubalis cokei, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 61, 1892, ed. 6, p. 127, 1910; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 197, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 133, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 102, 1908; Jackson, Big-Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 285, 1894; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 27, pl. iii, 1894 ; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 95 (cooker); Matschie, Stiugeth. Dewtsch-Ostafrika, p. 110, 1895; A. H. Newmann, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 147, 1899; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xvi, p. 155, 1906; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 2, 1910; Lonnberg, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 149, 1912. Koneont. Typical locality Usagara, German East Africa. Size medium ; shoulder-height + feet to 4 feet 1 inch. Horns (typically) bracket-shaped, on an average shorter and stouter than in the preceding species, with a smaller tip-to-tip interval, and their middle segment horizontal and equal in length to the smooth tips. General colour pale buffish fulvous, with brownish chin, and buttocks somewhat paler than back ; tail long, reaching middle of shanks, and its black crest extending over about the terminal three-fourths ; fringes of face-glands shorter than in tora. Basal length of skull 14, maximum 14 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES width 54 inches. Good horns measure from 19 to 21 inches along front curve, with a girth of from 9 to 103, and a tip- to-tip interval of from 13 to 183 inches. Fic, 2.—Hzap or Coxr’s Hartreserst (Bubalis coket). The distributional area extends from Usagara northwards to Kilimanjaro, Masailand, and the neighbourhood of Lake Rudolf, The races are distinguishable as follows :— A. Horns distinctly bracket-shaped, with middle segment horizontal. a, General colour bright fawn, paler on buttocks B. c. coket. b. General colour darker and less rufous, with buttocks but little lighter than back......... B. ce. rothschildi. c. General colour lighter and more buffish than in a, and frontal rufous replaced by tawny B. v. kongont. B. Horns less distinctly bracket-shaped, and ap- proximating to those of the lelwel group ...... B. cc. nakure. BUBALINA 15 A.—Bubalis cokei cokei. General characters those of the species. Typical locality Usagara. 92. 10. 18. 3. Skin, mounted. Kilimanjaro district, German East Africa; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., and figured by Sclater and Thomas, op. cit., pl. iii. Purchased, 1892. 84. 12.15.1. Head-skin and skull, with horns. Mlali Plains, near Mpwapwa. ‘Type. Presented by Col. the Hon. W. C. W. Coke, 1884.- 90. 3. 27.8. Skin and skull, with horns. Mountains of Taita ; collected by Mr. J. Wray. Purchased, 1890. 90. 3. 27. 9. Skull, with horns. Same locality and collector. Same history. 4.7.2.2. Head, mounted. East Africa (fig. 2). Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904. 94.5.4. 2. Skull, with horns. Mikindu Plateau, east of Machakos, B. E. Africa. Presented by Licut.-Col. Sir F. J. D. Lugard, G.COM.G., CB., 1894. 10. 6.10. 1. Skull, with horns. Lanjora, B. E. Africa. Presented by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, 1910. 10. 6.10.1. Skull, with horns. Nairobi, B. E. Africa. Same history. 2.6.15.1. Skull, with horns, wanting lower jaw. El Donyo-eb-Urru, Ngonini, Rift Valley, B. E. Africa. Presented by C. S. Betton, Fsq., 1902. 2.6.15. 2. Skull, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 2.11.18.1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Kilmakin, Ukamba. Presented by R. Crawshay, Esq., 1902. 2.11.18. 2. Skull, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 1. 8. 9. 61. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Naivasha, B. E. Africa. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901. 1. 8. 9. 62. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female. Naivasha. Same history. 10. 4. 20. 3-4. Head skin and skull, with horns. Same donor, 1912. 4.5.5. 5-6. Two skulls, one female, with horns. Athi Plains, B. E. Africa. Presented by C. B. Storey, Esq., 1904. 16 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES B.—Bubalis cokei rothschildi. ie rothschildi, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, . 94, Duals eke rothschildi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 103, Typical locality Adoshebai Valley, northwards of Lake Stefanie. Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann. General colour darker and less distinctly rufous than in typical race, with buttocks and hind-legs differing less in colour from back, and flanks darker and yellower ; scarcely any dark hairs on chin; horns approximating to those of swayner noacki, but more rounded, with the tips directed more backwardly. No specimen in collection. C.—Bubalis cokei nakure. Bubalis nakure, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 6, 1912. Typical locality Nakuru, B. E. Africa. According to its describer, “similar to newmannt, of the Lake Rudolf district, but differing by its lighter body- coloration and narrower or less broadly bracket-shaped horns; similar to cokei in size and general body-colour, but feet with a black band bordering hoof-clefts, and horns narrower and less bracket-shaped.” In a later paragraph it is stated that these hartebeests have the horns less widely spread than those of newmannt, and “more or less intermediate between those of cokei and jacksont in shape, and on this account they have usually been considered hybrids between those species by sportsmen. This, however, is not the case, although they occupy a somewhat intermediate geographical position. They are found on the north-western edge of the range of coket, and they are really surrounded by this species and actually removed by many miles from the nearest jacksont. The Nakuru race is known only by a single herd, which inhabits the country lying between Lakes Nakuru and Elmentaita. From newmanni, which occupies the region bordering the BUBALIN 2 awh north-eastern shores of Lake Rudolf, they are separated hy several hundred miles.” That this hartebeest (of which the type is in the U.S. National Museum) is not entitled to rank as a species, may be considered certain, as the under-mentioned specimens show an almost complete gradation to typical skulls of cokei. 1.8. 9.60. Skull, with horns. Nakuru. The horns are intermediate in character between those of typical nahurw and those of the next specimens. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1907. 4.11.5. 32. Skull, with horns. Nakuru. The horns of this and the next four specimens appear to agree with the description of those of the type. Presented by Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, 190+. 4.11.5. 33. Skull, with horns. Nakuru. Same history. 4.11.5, 34. Skull, with horns. Nakuru. Same hastory. 4.11. 5. 35-36. Two skulls, with horns. Nakuru. Same history. D.—Bubalis cokei kongoni. Bubalis cokei kongoni, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 5, 1912. Typical locality Loita Plains, Southern Guaso-nyiro Valley, B. E. Africa. Type in U.S. National Museum. Stated to differ from the typical race by its lighter colour, which is more buffish and less rufous on the body, while the rufous of the forehead of the latter is replaced by tawny. The skull is also stated to be, on the average, wider, with shorter and wider horn-pedicles (width of latter 94 cm., length 114 cm.). This is a highland race, whereas the typical form is a lowland animal. No specimen in collection. 18 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES V. BUBALIS NEUMANNI. Bubalis neumanni, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xx, p. 876, 1897, Novit. Zool. vol. iv, p. 877, pl. xiv, 1897, vol. viii, p- 177, 1901; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 223, 1900; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 95 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 109, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 133, 1910. Bubalis tora neumanni, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 188, 1899; A. H. Neumann, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 141, 1899; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 17, 1912.* Typical locality north-east of Lake Rudolf. Type in Tring Museum. In this species, which may be only a race of coke, the horns are intermediate to a certain extent between those of the tora-cokei and those of the Jelwel-caama group. Those of the male are thicker and less divergent, with less distinct ridges, than those of tora, while they do not present the distinct Y-shape characteristic of lJelwel. Their tips are directed inwards and backwards. General colour fulvous fawn, richer on the back than on flanks, and much paler on under-parts; chin blackish, and tail-tuft black. 97.11. 22.1. Plaster cast of skull and horns. Original from district north-east of Lake Rudolf. Type. Presented by A. H. Neumann, Esq., 1897. 97.11. 22.2. Head-skin, on cast of skull and horns, female. Same locality. Paratype. Same history. The following East African specimens belong to the type regarded, together with the Nakuru hartebeest, by Oscar Neumann (Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1895, p. 95) as repre- senting hybrids between B. coket and B. lelwel jacksoni. 4.7.2.1. Head, mounted. East Africa. Presents com- paratively little difference from the type of B. newmanni. Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904. 2. 2.12.1. Skin, mounted, female. Near Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1902. * Heller does not actually use this name, but states that the horns of the type specimens of this hartebeest are practically the shape of those of tora, of which newmannt appears to be a race.” BUBALIN.E 19 VI. BUBALIS LELWEL. Acronotus lelwel, Heuglin, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 124, 1877; O. Newmann, Sitaber, Ges. nat. Freunde, 1896, p. 78, 1905, p. 95 (lelvel). Bubalis lelwel, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. viii, p- 177, 1901; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 456; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 890, 1907; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 107, 1908, Supplement to do. p.6,1911; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 131, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. ]x, no. 8, p. 8, 1912. LELWEL. Typical locality west bank of Nile in Jur district, Egyptian Sudan. A large species, standing about 4 feet 4 inches at the shoulder. Horns surmounting a very high pedicle, and forming a V when viewed from in front, with the tips bent backwards at rather more than a right angle; general colour deep foxy red, either uniform throughout (with the exception of the chin and tail-tuft), or with a certain amount of dark markings on face, spine, and front of fore-legs. The tips of the horns may either converge or diverge to a slight degree. The species is typified by horns obtained by Heuglin in the Egyptian Sudan, but ranges southward to the north of Lake Baringo and Uganda. The races are characterised as follows :— ”* A. Small dark markings on face, back, and limbs.... B. 1. insignis. Bs. Dark markings on lower parts of limbs. a. Horns convergent..........0.cccceceeeeeeceeeee renee B. 1, lelwel. b. Horns less depressed, convergent or diver- PONG. wonowasendnareAriad en uieesuir shammennidennude B. 1. tschadensis. c. Horns parallel or convergent; colour a lighter rufous yellow than in any other TACO wieneossaeiscarsuisidan aruisavaaraustarestabons onal B. 1. roosevelt, c. No dark markings, except on chin. a. Horns divergent; general colour bright HufOus ¥ COW tev svase caps necansacdesies wasenaeness B. 1. jackson. b. Horns parallel or convergent; general colour ; : a purer and darker rufous yellow............. B. l. niediecki. * B. 1. kenie, Kenia district, Heller, Smithson, Misc. Collect. vol. lxi, no. 17, p. 8, 1918, was described too late for inclusion in this list. c 2 20 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES A.—Bubalis lelwel lelwel. Bubalis lelwel typica, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 107, 1908. Bubalis lelwel lelwel, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 265, 1913. Typical locality Jur Valley, on west side of Nile, Sudan. Typified by horns collected by Heuglin. Horns relatively short, heavily ridged at base, with the tips slightly divergent ; and, according to Heller, dark markings on front of legs, although Neumann stated that the entire colour is uniform. 0.6.4.1. Imperfect skull and horns. From a tomb at Abadiyeh, Lower Egypt; collected by Prof. Flinders-Petrie. Presented by Committee of Egyptian Exploration Fund, 1900. 11. 8. 14. 28-29. Two similar specimens. Same locality. Same donors, 1911. 59. 9. 23. 2. Skull, female. Dour (? = Jur, or Djur), Bahr-el-Ghazal; collected by Consul J. Petherick. The reference of both this and the following specimens to the present race is provisional. Purchased, 1859. °84. 5.1.8. Frontlet and horns, female. Bahr-el-Ghazal; collected by Herr F. Bohndorff. Purchased, 1884. 7.7. 8. 247. Skin. Between Tonga Island and Lake No, Bahr-el-Ghazal ; collected during Alexander-Gosling Expedi- tion. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907. 0. 9.13.1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Bahr-el- Ghazal. Presented by Lieut. H. L. Fell, R.N., 1900. B.—Bubalis lelwel tschadensis. Bubalis lelwel tschadensis, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 265, 1913. Typical locality Ketekma, east of Tschekna, Bagirm1. Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-am-Maine. Distinguished from @. lelwel by the longer and narrower nasals, and less depressed horns, in which the strongly curved tips may incline either inwards or outwards, while the front view is more distinctly V-shaped. A narrow seal-brown band above the hoofs, followed by a similar stripe on front of legs reaching to knees and hocks. From J. lelwel and /. niedieckt this race differs by the more upright direction and BUBALIN.E 21 curved tips of the horns, while it is distinguished from 1, roosevelt by the presence of narrow dark bands above hoofs and by the leg-stripes being seal-brown instead of tawny. 7. 7. 8. 247. Skull, with horns. Wellé Valley ; collected during Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907. C.—Bubalis lelwel jacksoni. Bubalis jacksoni, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. ix, p. 386, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 455; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 58, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 196, 18938, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 188, 1899; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Library), vol. i, p. 291, 1894, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 156, 1899; Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. viii, p. i177, 1901; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 89, 1894; Johnston, Uganda Protectorate, vol. i, p. 424, pl. facing p. 27, 1902; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxvi, p. 157, 1906; Hollister, Smithson. Mise. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 2, 1910. Bubalis lelwel, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1896, p. 78, 1905, p. 96. Bubalis lelwel jacksoni, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 107, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 131, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 8, p. 8, 1912. Typical locality Kavirondo, Uganda. Distinguished from the typical race (according to Heller) by the absence of dark markings on fronts of fore-legs; horns with the same divergence of the tips, but basal portion less heavily ridged. General colour bright rufous yellow or foxy red, darker than in typical lelwel. Shoulder- height about + feet 4 inches; basal length of skull 16 inches, maximum width of skull 53 inches. 0.4.5.1. Skin, mounted. Mau Plateau, B. E. Africa. Purchased, 1900. 92.6. 24.1. Skull, with horns (fig. 3), and face-skin. Near Kavirondo. Type. Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.CALG., C_B., 1892. 4.2. 14. 1. Head, mounted, female. Guasin-gishu Plateau, B. E. Africa. Presented by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, 1904. 10. 6.10. 3. Skull, with horns. Elator Valley, East Africa. Presented by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, 1910. 94, 11. 2.1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, immature. Uganda. Presented by G. F. Scott-Elliott, Esq., 1894. 22 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 2.4.8.1. Skull, with horns. Kagera Valley, Ankoli, Uganda. Shot by Capt. A. A. Fisher. Presented by H. Fisher, Esq., 1902. 4.12. 6.17. Skull, with horns, female. Guaso-nyiro, B. E. Africa. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1904. 2.6.5.1. Skull, with horns. Gilgil, Rift Valley, East Africa. Presented by C. 8. Betton, Esq., 1902. Fic. 3.—SKULL AND Horns oF JAcKSon’s HARTEBEEST (Bubalis lelwel jackson). 2 Skull, with horns. Njoro, Rift Valley. Same history. 2.6.5.3. Skull, with horns, female. Gilgil. Same history. 2.6.5.4. Skull, wanting muzzle, with horns. Unyoro, Uganda. Same history. 2. 6.15.3. Skull, with horns. Ongotta Nairowa, Rift Valley. Same history. © cu lo BUBALINA‘ 2 2.6. 15.4. Skull, with horns. North-east of Menengai, Rift Valley. Same history. 1. 8. 9. 58. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Guasin- gishu Plateau. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901. 1. 8.9.59. Head-skin. Molo. Same history, 1. 8.9.57. Skull, with horns, and skin. Ravine Station, B. E. Africa. Same history. 13. 2.12.1. Frontlet and horns. East Africa. Shot by Lieut.-Col. F. C. Trollope. Presented by Messrs. W. and E, Trollope, 1913. D.—Bubalis lelwel niediecki. Bubalis niediecki, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 95. Bubalis lelwel niediecki, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 107, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 131, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 8, p. 8, 1912; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 266, 1913. Typical locality Gelo, at the source of the Sobat, east side of Nile, Sudan. Type in the collection of Dr. O. Neumann. General colour a purer and darker rufous yellow than in jacksoni, with a wholly black chin; horns parallel or converging at tips. No specimen in collection. E.—Bubalis lelwel insignis. Bubalis jacksoni insignis, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 455. Bubalis lelwel insignis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 107, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 131, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 8, p. 7, 1912. Typical locality Maanja Valley, about 30 miles west of Kampala, Central Uganda. Allied to B, lelwel jacksoni, but with a black dorsal stripe, and black markings on face and limbs. Dorsal stripe, in type, stopping about a foot short of the tail; tips of ears edged with black behind; two black marks on forehead between eyes; knees and front surfaces of fore-legs a short distance below them to hoofs, as well as hind surfaces of pasterns in both limbs black ; on hind-legs the black mark on 24 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES front reaches from the hoofs about three-quarters the distance to level of hocks. In 1913 the writer saw the mounted head of an East African hartebeest of the jackson type in which nearly the whole face was chocolate-brown. Whether both this specimen and the type of insignis really represent a distinct race, or whether they are individual “ sports,” is doubtful. 4. 4.19.1. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Maanja Valley, Uganda ; shot, March, 1802. Type. Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.MLG., C.B., 1904. F.—Bubalis lelwel roosevelti. Bubalis lelwel roosevelti, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lx, no. 8, p. 7, 1912; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 266, 1913. Typical locality Gondokoro, Mongalla Province. Type in U.S. National Museum. Nearly akin to insignis, but without dark markings on face or back; general colour lighter than in niediecki, with which it agrees in the parallel or inward direction of the horn-tips. A seal-brown patch above hoofs, continued as a tawny streak on fronts of legs to knees and level of hocks; chin with a similar brown patch. General colour lighter yellow rufous than in any other race. In the skull the nasals and the upper series of cheek-teeth larger than in jackson, the former measuring 9} inches (234 mm.) and the latter 44%; inches (105 mm.). In addition to the parallelism or slight convergence of their tips, the horns differ from those of jacksont by their straighter profile, and by the angle at base of tips being more obtuse. 13. 3.1. 1-8. Three skins. Between Assua Valley and Gondokoro. Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1913. VIT. BUBALIS CAAMA. Antilope caama, Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 242, 1816; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 196, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 467, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdug- thiere, vol. v, p. 1174, 1820; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p- 399, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 448, 1845; Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i, p. 420, 1822; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 444, 1822; Lesson, Man. Mami. p. 382, BUBALIN.E 25; 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 474, 1829; Owen, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii. p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1888; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 469, 1844, vol. v, p. 444, 1855; Gebel, Stiugethiere, p. 297, 1855; Drununond, Large Game of S. Africa, p. 425, 1875. Cerophorus (Alcelaphus) caama, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Damalis caama, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 348, vol. v, p. 862, 1827; Smuts, Hnum. Mamm. Cap. p. 88, 1832. Acronotus caama, 4. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 221, 1834; Harris, Wild Sports S. Africa, p. 377, 1889, Wild Animals S. Africa, pl. vii, 1840; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 157, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1847. Bubalis caama, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet,-Ahk. Handl. 1844, p. 208, 1846; Temnunck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1853; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 218, 1880; Nicolls and Egling- ton, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 45, 1892; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 562, 1892; Selows, Proce: Zool. Soc. 18938, p. 1, Field, vol. exxii, p. 928, 1918; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 193, 1893; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 33, pl. iv, 1894; Bryden, Nature and Sport in 8. Africa, p. 225, 1897; W.L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p- 131, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 900. Boselaphus caama, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 233, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 189, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 20, pl. xx, 1850; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 170, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 52. Alcelaphus caama, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 124, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 44, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 115, 18738; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Brit. Mus. p. 243, 1862; Buckley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, pp. 285 and 292; Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 47, 1877; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 673, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 224, 1881; Sclater, List Animals Zool. Gardens, p. 148, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 411; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 272, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 189, 1887, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xxiii, p. 20, 1891, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 71, 1892; Bryden, Kloof and. Karroo, p. 291, 1889, Gun and Camera, p. 505, 1893; W. DL. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind, Mus. p. 170, 1891. Bubalis cama, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 133, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 103, 1908; Freld, vol. exxii, p- 620, 1913; Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 150, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 129, 1910. Roor, or Carr, HarTeBEEST. Typical locality Cape Colony. Size typically about 4 feet, but reaching, it is stated, to about 4 feet 2 inches, in some specimens. Horns sur- mounting a very tall pedicle, from which they diverge 26 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES evenly so as to form a VY when viewed full face, then curving forwards and upwards, and then bending sharply backwards, so that the “elbow” is nearly a right angle. General colour some shade of bright reddish brown, with the face, except for a band of varying width between and below line of eyes (which is light-coloured), and a patch on occiput, continued as a line down nape, nearly black; Fic. 4.—HrEAD AND NeEcK oF NoRTHERN Race oF Roor HaRtEBEEST (Bubalis caama selbornei). withers, shoulders, thighs, fore-legs to knees, part of fore- shanks, and chin dark plum colour, and a yellowish white patch, which does not include the middle of dorsal surface of tail, on the sides and lower part of rump; tail not reaching hocks, with the middle of its dorsal surface dark through- out, and the crest ascending to within a short distauce of the root; under-parts whitish. Skull with a very narrow and elongated frontal region; basal length 172 inches, maximum width 63 inches. Good horns measure from 24 to 26 inches BUBALIN& OF along the front curve, with a girth of from 104 to 12, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 7 to 17 inches. The range originally extended from the Cape Town district as far north as the Limpopo on the eastern side of the continent and somewhat further north on the western side, on the borders of the Kalahari Desert ; it thus included Cape Colony, Basutoland, the N.W. Transvaal, and British Bechuanaland. The Basuto hartebeests now live in mountainous country, at an elevation at which much snow falls in winter. Two races may be recognised :— a. South of Orange River. Extinct some time after 1811; exact colour unknown............ B. caama caama. 4. North of Orange River; general colour as BIDONMES soa.ceutoa this aonetnnee desant ce or vthee deeatiatan sana B. caama selbornet. A.-—-Bubalis caama caama. Typical locality Cape Colony ; extinct. B.—Bubalis caama selbornei. Bubalis caama selbornei, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 820; Abs. p. 19. Typical locality Kimberley, the herd there having apparently been imported from the Transvaal. The range is taken to include all the country noith of the Orange River inhabited by hartebeests. WV.B.—All the specimens in the collection are included in one list; some or all of the older ones may represent the typical race. 12.10.10. 1. Skin, mounted (fig. 4). Kimberley Game Farm, imported from Transvaal. Type of selbornei. The pale colouring and imperfect development of the dark markings in this specimen seem to be abnormal or due to immaturity, as other heads from the Kimberley herd show full develop- ment of the face-blaze. Presented by the De Beers Mininy Co. (at the instance of the Earl of Selborne, K.G.), 1912. 6. 8. 3.1. Frontlet and horns of a very oldmale. South- east Africa. The tips of the horns are much worn away. Presented by J. Kenny, Esq., 1906. 28 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 42. 4.11.6. Skin, formerly mounted. South Africa, probably, according to Selous (op. cit. 1913), from Western Transvaal or Griqualand ; collected by Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (Warwick), 1842. 640, 6. Skin, mounted, immature. South Africa. Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1846. 46. 7.11.4. Skin, mounted, young. South Africa. Purchased, 1846. 89.4. 25,1. Head-skin. South Africa; collected by Mr. C. Smith. Purchased, 1889. 640, 7 Skull, with horns. South Africa. One horn distorted. No history. 46, 7.2.2. Skull, immature. South Africa. Purchased, 1846. 640, «. Frontlet and horns. South Africa. No history. 61. 2. 30. 14. Frontlet and horns. South Africa; collected by Gen. T. Hardwicke. Presented by the Hon, East India Co., 1861. 640, %. Frontlet and horns. South Africa. Vo history. 640, d. Frontlet and horns, female. South Africa. No history. 48. 7. 13. 3-4. Two frontlets, with horns, female. South Africa. Purchased, 1848. 50. 8. 24. 7-8. Two frontlets, with horns. South Africa. Purchased, 1850. 50. 8. 24. 9-10. Two frontlets, with horns, female. South Africa. Purchased, 1850. 50. 8. 24. 11. Skull-face, female. South Africa. Same history. 56. 7.9.1. Young skull. South Africa. Purchased (Stevens), 1850. 640, 2. Very young skull. South Africa. Purchased. 2. 4. 24.1-2. Two skulls, wanting the lower jaw, with horns. Natal frontier. Purchased, 1902. 6. * * * Skull, with horns. Locality unknown. Received 1906. 13.11.13.1. Body-skin. Mountain-plateau, Basutoland, to which these hartebeests appear to have been driven from the adjacent lowlands. Presented by R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., 1913. 93. 12. 17. 1. Skull, with horns, immature, stated to BUBAUIN.E 29 be from a hybrid between the present species and Damaliscus lunatus. Tati Valley, Matabililand. The donor states (Field, vol. exxii, p. 363, 1913) that the antelope to which this specimen pertained was shot in 1890 by Cornelius van Rooyen. While in general body-colour this antelope resembled a tsessebe, it had the comparatively bushy tail of a Cape hartebeest ; the length of its head was intermediate between that of these two species, and its horns were unlike those of any other antelope. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1893. VHI BUBALIS LICHTENSTEINI. Antilope lichtensteini, Peters, Mitth. Ges. nat. Freunde, Dec. 18, 1849, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdéugeth. vol. i, p. 190, pl. xliii, xliv, 1852; Gebel, Sdugethtere, p. 298, 1855; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 445, 1855. Bubalis lichtensteini, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1853 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 63, 1892, ed. 6, p. 185, 1910; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 46, 1892; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 583, 1898, p. 504; Sclater, tbid. 1898, p. 506; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 198, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 133, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 111, 1908; Barkley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 132; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Library), vol. i, p. 290, 1894; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 45, pl. v, 1894; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 160, 1899; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamma. vol. i, p. 134, 1900; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 181, pl. 1911. Alcelaphus lichtensteini, Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 248, 1862; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 44, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 115, 1873; Buckley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 454; Selous, zbid. 1881, p. 763, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 224, 1881; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 139, 1887; Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 662; Noack, Jahrb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ix, p. 11, 1891; Lugard, East Africa, p. 582, 1898. Boselaphus lichtensteini, Kirk, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 660. (?) Bubalis leucoprymnus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1892, p. 187, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 108, 1895. Sigmoceros lichtensteini, Heller, Smithson, Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 4, 1912. Type of Sigmoceros. Typical locality Tette, Zambesia. Size medium; shoulder-height about 4 feet. Horns, 30 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES which are supported on a very short and wide pedicle, relatively short and thick, with a somewhat S-like curvature, very broad and flattened at base, then bending sharply inwards at an angle of about 45°, and then inclined backwards, with the tips more or less nearly parallel; general colour fulvous, becoming distinctly rufous over a large area on back; chin, tail-crest (which reaches just below hocks, and occupies about three-quarters of length of tail), Fie. 5.—Heap or Licurenstein’s HarteBerst (Bubalis lichtensteini). and front of fore-shanks and lower part of front of hind- shanks black or blackish; lower part of ramp pale yellowish or dirty white, contrasting strongly with rufous of back; face-glands not tufted. Skull with a short frontal but an elongated nasal region, so that the total length (14? inches) is much the same as in PB. caama; maximum width 4 inches. The horn-pedicle immediately above the plane of the hind margin of the occipital condyles, whereas BUBALINE 31 in other species the bifurcation takes place considerably behind this plane. Good horns measure from 21 to 23 inches along the front curve, with a girth of from 11 to 14, and a tip-to-tip interval of trom 43 to 20 inches. The range occupies a large area in East Africa north of the Saba including Nyasaland, Mozambique, German East Africa to Usagara, and N.E. and N.W. Rhodesia. 86. 5.5.3. Skin, mounted. Sabi Valley, Mashonaland ; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq., 20/7/85. Purchased, 1886. 86. 5. 5.4. Skin, mounted. Same locality and collector (23/7/85). Same history. 81.10. 28.5. Head, mounted, andskull. Manica Plateau, north of the Zambesi; same collector. Purehused, 1881. 9. 5.10.1. Head, mounted. N.W. Rhodesia. Presented by H. Pankhurst, Esq., 1909. 82.5.25.4. Skull, female. Collected by F.C. Selous, Esq.; locality unknown. Purchased, 1882. 84. 7.7. 3. Frontlet and horns, and remainder of skull, immature. Usagara, German East Africa; collected by Sir John Kirk. Purchased, 1884. 84.11. 10.2. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. E. Africa; same collector. Same history. 88. 7. 4. 3. Head-skin and horns, female. Locality unknown. Purchased, 1888. 89. 7. 1.3. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown. Presented by Di. A, Ginther, 1889. 88. 7.1.1. Scalp-skin and horns. Locality unknown. Same history. 89. 7.1.2. Scalp-skin and horns, female. Locality unknown. Same history. 92. 8.1.62. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba, Nyasaland. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.CB., 1892. 93.7.9. 21. Skull, with horns, and skin. Shiri High- lands. Same donor, 1893. 93. 7.9. 22. Skull, with horns. Shiri Highlands; this and the two preceding specimens were collected by A, Whyte, Esq. Same history. 93. 6. 20. 2. Skull, with horns, female. Pangani (?). Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1893. (ox bo CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 1. 4.27.10. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown. Presented by Lieut.-Col. Manning, 1901. 7. 4.12.1. Skull, with horns, female. Barotsiland, N.W Rhodesia. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq. 8. 2. 14.3. Skull, with horns. Between Diampwe and Gala Hill, 8. Angoniland. Presented by C. B.C. Storey, Esq., 1908. 8.2. 14.4. Skull, with horns. N. Angoniland. . Same history. II. Genus DAMALISCUS. Damalis, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 233, 1846, nec H, Smith. Damaliscus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 51, 1894; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 902. Beatragus, Heller, Sinithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 8, 1912. Nearly related to Bubalis, but withers generally less elevated, and the skull with the frontals not prolonged upwards to form a horn-pedicle, so that the parietal aspect looks upwards instead of backwards, and the face is shorter. Horns forming a simpler sigmoid curve, without a distinct “elbow” at the backward bend. Hair of face directed uniformly upwards; face-glands small and not tufted. The range of the genus includes such portions of Ethiopian Africa (ic. Africa south of the Atlas and the northern tropic) as are suited to the habits of its members. The five species here recognised may be distinguished as follows :— A. Tail-crest black ; no spectacle-mark between eyes ; 3 lower premolars. uw. Lower segment of limbs partially white; face- blaze white in adult. a’, A white rump-pateb....... cee D. pygargus. v'. No white rump-pateh ........... ce. D. albifrons. b. Limbs wholly dark ; face-blaze usually dark. a’. Horns directed mainly upwards, in a sublyrate form .........ce cee eeceee eee eae eee D. korrigum. b'. Horns bowed outwards at first, forming a lunate CULVE 0.0... eee eee teee eens D, lunatus. s. Tail-crest white; a white spectacle-mark between eyes; 2 lower premolars ...........0eceeeeeceee eee aee Dz hunteri. BUBALIN co w I. DAMALISCUS PYGARGUS. Antilope dorcas, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 6, 1766, nec Capra dorcas, DIinn. Antilope pygarga, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fase. i, p. 10, 1767, fase. xii, p. 15,1777; Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 287, 1777; Zinmmer- mann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. li, p. 119, 1780; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780; Schreber, Stiugthiere, pl. celxxiii, 1784 ; Boddaert, Hlenchus Anim. p. 148, 1785; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 187, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 811, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, p. 628, 1792; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. i, p. 87, vol. ii, p. 644, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 852, 1801; Turton, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 118, 1802; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vél. xxiv, p. 33, 1804, ed. 2, p. 186, 1816, Mammalogte, vol. ii, p- 456, 1822; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 233, 1804; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 106, 1814; Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 435, 1814; Afzeliws, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1187, 1820; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 388, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 402, 1845; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 448, 1822; Burchell, List Quadr. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 873, 1827; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 73, 18382; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Water- house, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1888; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 412, 1844, vol. v, p. 447, 1855. Capra cervicapra, Miiller, Natursyst. vol. i, p. 414, 1773, nee Linn. Antilope grisea, Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 189, 1785. Capra scripta, Thunberg, Reise, vol. ii, p. 50, 1789, Hnglish Transl. vol. ii, p. 44, 1798, nee Antilope scripta, Pallas. Antilope maculata, Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sct. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 815, 1811. Cerophorus (Gazella) pygarga, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Cervus pygargus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 738, 1816. Antilope personata, Woods, Zool. Journ. vol. v, p. 2, 1835. Gazella pygarga, Harris, Wild Anim. 8. Africa, pl. xvii, 1840; Gray, List Mamm. Brit, Mus. p. 161, 1848. Damalis pygarga, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 283, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 141, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 21, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 127, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 116, 1873; Layard, Cat. S. African Mus. p. 77, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 625; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Brit. Mus. p. 244, 1862; Fitzinger, Sutzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 140, 1887; Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 171, 1892; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in South Africa, p. 32, 1892. IL. D 3+ CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Bubalis pygarga, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 209, 1846; Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1852; Brehm, Thierleben, Stiugethiere, vol. iii, p. 217, 1880; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 69, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 202, 1898. Alcelaphus pygargus, Sclater, List. Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 150, 1883; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 273, 1884; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 295, 1889, Nature and Sport in S. Africa, p. 265, 1897; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 335, 1891. Damaliscus pygargus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 78, pl. viii, 1895; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 121, 1908; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 175, 1899; W. L. Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 137, 1900; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 145, 1910. Damaliscus pygarga, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 903, BonrEBOK. The type species. Typical locality Cape Colony; the range extending as far north as the Orange River. Height at shoulder about 3 feet 4 inches.* General colour rufous fawn, darkening into blackish on crown of head, sides of face and neck, flanks, thighs, and fore part of rump, the latter tint also extending down front and outer sides of limbs to knees and hocks, above each of which it forms a garter; front of face in adult, hind portion of rump, inclusive of root of tail, and knees, hocks, and shanks (with the exception of a dark line down front surface) white ; tail- crest, which reaches hocks, black. Horns sublyrate, without strongly marked basal divergence. In immature animals the face-blaze is wholly slatey grey. Good horns measure from 15 to 163 inches in length, with a girth of from 6 to 6%, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 5 to 10 inches. Skull-measurements practically the same as in D, albifrons. 39.7. 25.1. Skin, mounted. Cape Colony; collected by Dr. Smuts. Purchased, 1839. 39. 7. 25.2. Skin, mounted, female. Cape Colony; same collector. Purchased, 1839. 96.11. 28.1. Skin, mounted. Nakhtwicht Farm, Bre- dasdorp, Cape Colony. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1896. * Nicolls and Eglington state that the height may reach as much as 8 feet 11 inches. BUBALINAE 3 Ot 96. 11. 28.2. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality. Same history. 57. 9. 26.124. Skin, mounted, young. South Africa. Purchased (Verreaux), 1857. 45.9. 27. 26. Skin, mounted, young. South Africa. Purchased (Brandt), 1843. 57.12.21. 7. Skeleton. South Africa. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1857. 51.10. 23.13. Skull, with horns. South Africa. Purchased, 1851. 51.10. 23. 14. Skull, with horns. 8. Africa. Same history. 58. 3. 17. 4. Skull, with horns, female. South Africa. Same history. 644,a. Single horn. Swellendam (?), Cape Colony ; col- lected 17/1/1815. Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell about 1817. 16, f. Skin, young, mounted. South Africa. Purchased (Warwick). II. DAMALISCUS ALBIFRONS. Antilope albifrons, Burchell, Travels in South Africa, vol. ii, p. 835, 1824; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. iv, p. 413, 1844, vol. v, p. 448, 1855. Gazella albifrons, Harris, Wild Anim. 8. Africa, pl. xxi, 1840. Damalis albifrons, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 238, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 141, Knowsley Menagerie, p- 22, pl. xxii, fig. 1, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 129, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 116, 1873; Layard, Cat. 8S. African Mus. p. 77, 1861; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869; Drummond, Large Game of S. Africa, p. 425, 1875; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 31, 1892; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 171, 1892. Bubalis albifrons, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p- 210, 1846; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1853; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 217, 1880; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 68, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 202, 1893. Alcelaphus albifrons, Buckley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, pp. 286 and 292; Sclater, List Anum. Zool. Gardens, p. 149, 1883; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 295, 1889; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 335, 1891. Damaliscus albifrons, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 79, pl. ix, 1895; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 125, 1908; Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 183, 1899; W. L. Selater, D2 36 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 141, 1900; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 156, 1907; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 147, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 900. BLEsBoK. Typical locality probably northern Cape Colony. Very similar to D. pygargus but rufous colour much more predominant owing to the lighter shade of the areas which are dark in the latter species; the face-blaze divided by a narrow brown bar at the constriction between the eyes; the rump-patch reduced to a small paler area round the root of the tail, and dark colour continued down outer side of lower part of legs, so that hocks and outer side of knees ave rufous fawn instead of white. The summits of the rings of the horns differ from those of the bontebok (D. pygargus) by being yellow, while the horns themselves show a greenish tinge. Good horns measure from 16 to 18} inches in length, with a girth of from 5? to 7}, and a tip to-tip interval of from 7 to 15} inches. Basal length of skull 114 inches, maximum width 53%, inches. The range formerly included the northern plains of Cape Colony, the Orange River Colony, the Transvaal, Griqualand West, and Bechuanaland. 53. 8. 29. 48. Skin, mounted. South Africa; No. 373, a, of the Zoological Society’s Catalogue of 1838. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1853. 96. 11. 28. 3. Skin, mounted. Driefontein, Orange iver Colony. Presented by F.C. Selous, Esq., 1896. 96.11. 28. 4. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality. Same history. 6, 2.22.1. Head, mounted, young, to show dark face- ai blaze. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1996. 8. 5. 4. 1. Skin, female. North-western Orange River Colony. Presented by W. F. Tuthill, Esq., 1908. 8.12.8. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Orange River Colony (?). Presented, 1908, 58. 3.17.38. Skull, with horns. 8. Africa. Purchased, 1858. 644, c. Frontlet and horns. 8. Africa. Purchased, 48. 7.13.6. & 7. Two frontlets and horns. S. Africa. Purchased, 1848. BUBALIN.E Oi 48. 7.13.7. A similar specimen. 8S. .\frica. Same history. 00, 8, 24. 14-16. Three frontlets with horns, one female. S. Africa. Purchased, 1850. 47.1.7. 2. Vrontlet and horns, female. 8. Africa. Purchased, 1847. 47. 1.7.3. Frontlet and horns, female. S. Africa. Same history. II. DAMALISCUS LUNATUS. Antilope lunata, Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. ii, p. 884, 1824, Inst Quadr. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 642, 1830; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 471, 1844, vol. v, p. 446, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamum. vol. ii, p. 444, 1845; Gebel, Sdugthtere, p. 298, 1855. Damalis lunata, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 352, vol. v, p. 364, 1827; Smuts, Hnwm. Mamm. Cap. p. 89, 1832; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 288, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 140, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 21, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 125, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p.115, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 244, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. kh. Ak. Wiss. Wren, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 180, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 189, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. ett. vol. xi) p. 171, 1892; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 33, 1892. Acronotus lunatus, A. Smith, 8S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 222, 1834; Harris, Wild Anim. S. Africa, pl. viii, 1840; Gray, List Mainm. Brit. Mus. p. 157, 1848, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847. Bubalus lunatus, A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa, pl. xxxi, 1841. Bubalis lunatus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 209, 1846; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1853; Drummond, Large Game of S. Africa, p. 426, 1875; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 66, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 202, 1893; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 1. Alcelaphus lunatus, Buckley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 285; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 764, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 225, 1881; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll, Surg. pt. ii, p. 273, 1884. Damaliscus lunatus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, pl. x, 1895; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 128, 1908; Vaughan Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 190, 1899; W. L. Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 144, 1900; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 150, 1910; Letcher, Big Game N.E. Rhodesia, p. 204, 1911. 38 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES SASSABY, or TSESEBE. Type of Damalis, Gray. Typical locality Cape Colony. Size large; height at shoulder about + feet. General colour dark chestnut-rufous, with the front of face, shoulders, hips, outer sides of legs above knees and hocks purplish black, the black also forming a band on inner side of upper part of limbs, deeper in hind than in front pair; chin and muzzle paler than cheek; under-parts purplish rufous anteriorly, white posteriorly ; shanks reddish brown. Horns strongly divergent in a lunate form; their direction being at first upwards and backwards, and then inwards and backwards; a slight lyration causes both bases and points to be directed slightly upwards, so that the lunate curve is somewhat irregular. Basal length of skull 14% inches, maximum breadth 64 inches. Good horns measure from 16 to 17% inches along the front curve, with a girth of from 7+ to 84, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 111 to 152 inches. The range comprises south-eastern Africa from north of the Orange River as far westward as Lake Ngami, and northwards to British Central Africa. 642, «. Frontlet and horns, female. Makhwarin Valley, near Lataku; killed 9/7/1812. Type. Presented by Dr. W J, Burchell, about 1817. 42. 4.11.5. Skin, mounted. 8S. Africa; collected by Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (Warwick), 1842. 42, 4.11.5* Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and collector. Same history. 98.10.11. 2. Skin, mounted. South Africa; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1898. 86.5. 5. 10. Skeleton, with horns. Manyami Valley, Mashonaland; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1886. Purchased, 1886. 86.5.5. 11. Skeleton, with horns, female. Same locality and collector. Purchased, 1886. 83. 7. 28. 8. Skin, immature. Bili Valley, Mashona- land; same collector. Purchased, 1883. 50. 8. 24.1. Frontlet and horns. S. Africa. Purchased, 1850, BUBALINA 39 48. 7.13.5. Frontlet and horns. S. Africa. Purchased, 1848. 9.12. 4. 92. Skull, with horns. Mporokoso, south of Lake Tanganyika; collected by 8. A. Neave, Esq. Purchased, 1909. 0. 11. 18. 5. Facial portion of skull and horns. Between Lakes Bangweolo and Nyasa, Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1900. IV. DAMALISCUS KORRIGUM. Antilope senegalensis, Children, Denham and Clapperton’s Travels, Append. p. 192, 1826; Wagner, Schreber’s Saugthiere, Suppl, vol. v, p. 447, 1855; nec Cuvier.* Damalis senegalensis, H. Smith, Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 351, vol. v, p. 363, 1827; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 288, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 140, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 21, pl. xxi, 1850, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1872, Hand-List Rwminants Brit. Mus. p. 115, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 244, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869; Matschie, Nat. Wochenschr. 1894, p. 417. Antilope korrigum, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 103. Damalis korrigum, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 158, 1848, List ; Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 145, 1847. Bubalis senegalensis, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 195, 1853 ; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 217, 1880. Alcelaphus senegalensis, Lydekker, Field, vol. xxvii, p. 858, 1891. Bubalis korrigum, Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 201, 1893. * Sclater and Thomas, ‘Book of Antelopes,” vol. i, p. 60, after referring to the mixing up of two distinct antelopes by Buffon in the description of his ‘‘ koba,” write as follows :—‘‘ The best course seems to be to ignore Buffon’s animal altogether, and to reject the names koba and senegalensis that have been founded upon it, although there can be no doubt that the korrigum, as now described, is the Antilope, and Damalis, senegalensis of Children, Hamilton Smith, Gray, and many authors.” Ina foot-note it is added that the following are the chief references to the koba :— La koba, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 210, but not p. 268, or the horn pl. xxxii, fig. 2. Senegal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Manum. p. 38, 1764 (name aud locality, but not description or woodcut of head, which refer to Bubalis caama). Antilope koba, Eraleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 293, 1777 (name from Buffon, description from Pennant). ; Antilope senegalensis, Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 230, 1804. 40 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Damaliscus korrigum, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 59, pl. vii, 1895; Matschie, Stiugeth. Deutsch-Ostafreca, p. 111, 1895. Damaliscus corrigum, Lydekker. Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 116, 1908; Rendall, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 169, 1899; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 891, 1907; Cabrera, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 998; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 189, 1910. If this species be the true Antilope koba of Erxleben, its proper title would be Damatiscus koba, unless the naine A. koba be regarded as too like A. kob to be admissable. Korricum, or TIANG. Typical locality Bornu. Size large; shoulder-height from about 4 feet to 4 feet 2 inches. General colour some shade of rich rufous, usually with a black blaze on the face, blue-black patches on the shoulders, hips, and thighs, which form garters on the limbs above the knees and hocks, a black tail-crest, no dark dorsal stripe, and the lower part of the limbs coloured more or less nearly like the body. Tail barely reaching hocks, with crest occupying terminal third. Horns thick, heavily ridged, and sublyrate in form, rising abruptly upwards and then curving backwards, with a regular and medium divergence; the extreme tips showing a tendency to recurve upwards. Good horns of the typical race measure from 24 to 28} inches along the front curve, with a girth of from 9 to 102, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 4} to 14 inches. The local races may be provisionally characterised as follows :— A. Face-blaze black. a, A dark eye-streak. a’, Lower part of legs apparently coloured Like: bod Yessir dpiinsnabs ansies getmeennsessmaulaces Dz. k. korrigum. b’. Lower part of legs tan; area round eye rufous ; nose black ........... cece eee D.k. tiang. c’, Area round eye and nose tan ............... D. k. seloust. b. No dark eye-streak. a’, Colour brownish ; limb-markings absent (?) D. k. jonest. 6. Colour bright purplish rufous; limb- markings strongly developed............... D. k. jimela. B. Face-blaze whitish buff or white.............0:ecccees D.k. phalius. BUBALIN.B 41 A.—Damaliscus korrigum korrigum. Damaliscus corrigum typicus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 117, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 1389, 1910. KorricuM. Typical locality Bornu. General character those of species; body-colour rich full rufous, with the dark markings strongly pronounced; a narrow streak given off from the frontal blaze running back- wards and upwards below and behind the eye; shanks apparently coloured much the same as body. Basal length of skull 143, greatest breadth 53 inches. 643,a. Skull, with horns. Bornu. Co-type. Presented by Capt. H. Clapperton, R.N., and Col. C. Denham, about 1825. 643,b. Skull, with horns. Bornu. Co-type. Same history. 643,d. Skull, with horns. Gambia; collected by Mr. T. Whitfield. Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1845. 46. 10. 23.12. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality and collector. Same donor, 1846. 46. 10. 23.13. Skull, with horns, fetal. Same locality and collection. Same history. 88. 8. 20. 5. Skull, with horns. Upper Gambia; collected by Dr. P. Rendall. Purchased, 1888. 7.7. 8. 245. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. — Ibi, Nigeria; collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition from the Niger to the Nile. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907. 7. 7. 8. 246. Skull, with horns, immature. Same locality and collection. Same history. 4.5, 21.2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Chad. Presented by Lieut.-Col. Elliot, 1904. 13. 8. 3. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper Gambia. Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1913. 13. 8.3.4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, Same locality. Same history. 42 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES B.—Damaliscus korrigum tiang. Bubalus lunatus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, pp. 201 and 248, 1844, nec Antilope lunata, Burchell. Bubalis koba, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak, Handl. 1844, p. 209, 1846, nec Antilope koba, Hraleben.* Damalis tiang, Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 22, pl. i, 1863; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45,1872; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1892, p. 136. Fic. 6.—Heap or Tiana (Damaliscus korrigum tiang). . Damalis tiang-riel, Heuglin, op. cit. p. 23, pl. ii, 1863; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 45, 1872. . Damalis senegalensis, Heuglin, op. cit. p. 22, 1863; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. iv, p. 29, p. 1869; Baker, Ismailia, pp. 68 and 74, 1874; nec H. Smith. Damaliscus tiang, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 63, 1895. * See note on p. 39. BUBALIN A 45 Damaliscus corrigum tiang, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 117, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 141, 1910. Damaliscus korrigum tiang, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 902. TIANG. Typical locality Sobat Valley. Apparently differs from the typical race by the larger amount of black on the inner side of the limbs, and the bright tan of their lower segments, which thus differ markedly from the rufous of the body. There is, however, but one skin of the typical race in the collection for comparison. Nose black. Sclater and Thomas state, from the evidence of a single skull, that the tiang, as this race is called, is rather smaller than the korrigum, and the horns are decidedly shorter than those of the latter. Good horns measure from 19 to 22} inches along front curve, with a girth of from 7 to 93, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 52 to 8 inches. 91. 8.8. 48. Skin, mounted. Renk, Sudan. Presented by Rk. McD. Hawher, Esq., 1891. 4.7.2.1. Head, mounted (fig. 6). North-east Africa. Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904. 9.7.8.2. Skin. Between Tonga Island and Lake No, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented by C. C. Tower, Esq., 1909. 60. 4. 20. 4. Skull, with horns, immature. Bahr-el- Ghazal; collected by Consul J. Petherick. Purchased, 1860. 59. 9. 23. 3. Skull, with horns, female. Ajak, Bahr-el- Ghazal; collected by Consul J. Petherick. Same history. 0. 8.6.5. Skull, with horns, young. Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented by Capt. S. 8S. Flower, 1900. 0. 8. 6. 6. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality. Same history. 0.8.6.4. Skin. White Nile. Same history. 98. 7. 2. 13. Skull, with horns, wanting lower jaw, North-east Africa. Presented by H. Andrew, Esq., 1898. 99. 7. 1. 1. Skull, with horns, female. Faki Kowi, White Nile. Presented by F. Burges, Esq., 1899. 0.8.7.1. Skin. White Nile. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1900. 4f CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES C.—Damaliscus korrigum selousi. Damaliscus corrigum selousi, Lydekker, Field, vol. ex, p. 250, 1907, Game Animals of Africa, p. 117, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 141, 1910. Typical locality near Londiani Plateau on the borders of Uganda and B. E. Africa. Differs from D. k. tiang by the bright tan of the nose and of the area round the eye, which is bordered inferiorly by the dark streak from the frontal blaze; the rest of the head being rufous brown. 7. 3.11. 3. Head, mounted. Near Mau Escarpment, B. E. Africa. Type. = Presented by F.C. Selous, Esq., 1907. D.—Damaliscus korrigum jonesi. Damaliscus corrigum jonesi, Lydekker, Field, vol. cx, p. 250, 1907, Game Animals of Africa, p. 117, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 141, 1910. Typical locality Kordofan. No dark streak running from frontal blaze below and behind eye, and neck browner * than in tiang ; dark markings on upper part of limbs said to be wanting. The korrigum and tiang (= “mud,” Suaheli) inhabit swamps, but this race is stated to be native of waterless desert tracts. 7.7. 12.1. Head, mounted. Kordofan. Type. Presented by Walter Jones, Esq., 1907. E.—Damaliscus korrigum jimela. Damalis senegalensis, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 176, 1890, p. 854; Noack, Zool. Jahrb. vol. ii, p. 208, 1887; nec H. Smith. Damalis jimela, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1892, p. 135; O. Neumann, ibid. 1900, p. 558. Bubalis jimeru, Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 208, 1898, errorim. Damaliscus jimela, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 67, 1895; Alatschie, Stugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 111, 1895 ; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 59, 1910. Damaliscus corrigum jimela, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 118, 1908; A, H. Neumann, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 171, 1899 * Not redder, as stated in Field, vol. cix, p. 864, 1907. BUBALINA 45 Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 148, 1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910. Damaliscus korrigum jimela, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 903 ; Cabrera, Cat. Met. Mamm. Mus. Madrid, p. 125, 1912. JIMELA. Typical locality Juba Valley, between Italian Somaliland and British East Africa. Differs from typical race by the darker and_ richer colouring and absence of a dark eye-stripe. General colour dark rich reddish brown, with a silky blue gloss; shoulders and thighs with large purplish black patches, which extend down fore-legs to form a garter above knee; no dark stripe extending from frontal blaze through eye. Dark markings absent in immature animals. Height at shoulder 4 feet to 4 feet 2 inches. The range extends as far south as German East Africa and Uganda. 93. 4.10.4. Skin, immature, mounted. Malindi dis- trict, B.E.A. Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.CIMLG., C_B., 1898. 93. 6. 20.1. Skin. Near Malindi, Africa; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson. Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1893. 5. 4. 3. 22. Skull, with horns and skin. 8S. Ankoli, Uganda. Presented by Licut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1905. 5. 4. 3. 23. Skin, female. 8. Ankoll. Same history. 5. 4. 3. 24. Body-skin, apparently undergoing coat- change. 5S. Ankoli. Same history. 5.4.3. 25. Skin. 8. Ankoli. Same history. 5, 4. 3. 26-28. Three skulls, with horns. 8. Ankoli. Same history. 79. 11.12.16. Skull, with horns, female. Juba Valley ; collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Purchased, 1879. 5. 2. 2. 18-19. Two skulls, with horns and skins. Ruaha Valley, G.E.A. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.CM.G., CB. 1905. 9. 4. 8. 2. Skull, with horns, wanting lower jaw. Kagora Valley, Ankoli. Presented by Capt. Fisher, 1902. 1. 8.9. 63. Skull, with horns, and skin, provisionally referred to this race. Guasin-gishu Plateau, B.E.A. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1901. 46 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 15, 8. 2.9. Skull and skin, female. Jubaland. Presented by I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1913. 13. 8. 2. 7. Skull and skin, feetus at term. Same locality. Same history. F.—Damaliscus korrigum phalius. Damaliscus phalius, Cabrera, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 998. Damaliscus corrigum phalius, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 6, 1911. Damaliscus korrigum phalius, Cabrera, Cat. Met. Mamm. Mus. Madrid, p. 125, 1912. Typical locality Guasin-gishu Plateau, north-western B. E. Africa, Type in collection of Don Ricardo de la Huerta. Allied to D. kh. gimela, but distinguished by the whitish buff or white frontal blaze, which in old bulls is stated to be as white as in a blesbok. No specimen in collection, unless No. 1. 8. 9. 63 (p. 45) be referable. V. DAMALISCUS HUNTERI. Cobus hunteri, Sclater, Field, vol. lxxiii, p. 260, 1889. Damalis hunteri, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, pp. 58 and 872, pl. xliii; Hunter, Willoughby’s East Africa, p. 290, 1889, Alcelaphus hunteri, Lydekker, Field, vol. xxvii, p. 858, 1891. Alcelaphus (Damalis) hunteri, Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 836, 1891. Bubalis hunteri, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 70, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 200, 1893. Damaliscus hunteri, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 53, pl. vi, 1894; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 114, 1908; Hunter, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 166, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 187, 1910. Beatragus hunteri, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1x, no. 8, p.8, 1912. Heroza, or Hunter’s Hartesesst. Type of Beatragus. Typical (and only) locality, north side of Tana Valley, Jubaland. Distinguished from other members of group by replace- ment of frontal blaze by a transverse white spectacle-like mark between the eyes, the white tail-crest, the reversal of BUBALINA 47 the direction of the hairs on the face, the doubly curved horns, and the presence of only two pairs of lower premolars. Size medium (shoulder-height about 4 feet), and build relatively light and graceful. Colour wholly yellowish tawny, with the exception of the inside of the ears, a spectacle-like mark between the eyes, and the tail-crest, which are white. Horns long and slender, directed upwards Fic. 7.—SkKvULL anp Horns oF HEROLA OR HUNTER’S HARTEBEEST (Damaliscus hunteri). and slightly outwards at base, then diverging and inclining backwards, and finally curving regularly forwards, so that the long smooth tips point directly upwards. Two pairs of premolar teeth in lower jaw. Skull relatively light and slender; basal length 12%, maximum breadth 5} inches. Good horns measure from 20 to 264 inches along the front curve, with a girth of from 54 to 84, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 93 to 153 inches. In the skull the nasals are longer 48 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES than in the other members of the group, reaching to the front margin of the orbits, and are pointed (instead of trun- cated or blunt) at their junction with the frontals; the lachrymais are also longer, and the infraorbital foramina are divided. The last-named feature and the reduction of the premolars to two pairs are characters common to Connochetes ; while the elongation of the nasals is a character allying the species to Bubalis, although the form of the occipital region of the skull is like that of other species of Damaliscus, 89. 8. 3. 8. Skin, mounted. Northern bank of Tana River, Jubaland. Type. Also skull. Presented by H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1889. 89. 8. 5. 9. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality. Figured Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 372, pL. xlii, and woodcuts. Also skull. Same history. 89. 8.3.10. Skuli, with horns. Same locality. Sane history. 3, 1.13. 1-2. Three skulls, with horns. Tana Valley. Presented by Dr. P. L. Selater, 1903. 10. 4. 20.6. Skull, with horns, female. Tana Valley. Presented by T. J. Muir, Esq., 1910. 12.7. 2.6. Skull, with horns (fig. 7), and skin. Kina- komba, Tana Valley. Presented by G. Blaine, Hsq., 1912. 12.7. 2.7. Skull, with horns, and skin, female (?). Tana Valley. Same history. 12. 12.7.1. Head-skin. Same locality. Same history. III Genus CONNOCHATES. Connochetes, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi, p. 152, 1814; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 98, 1895; Linnberg, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xxxv, No. 8, p. 48, 1901, Arkiv Zool. vol. v, No. 10, p. 21, 1909; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 904. Cemas, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgesch. vol. iii, Zool. pt. 2, p. 727, 1816. Catoblepas, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 366, 1827 ; Riitumeyer, Abh. schwetz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 49, 1877. Gorgon, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 139. Butragus, Blyth, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872. relatively large and clumsily built antelopes, with moderate elevation of the withers, massive heads, and broad bristly muzzles. Face with a large tuft of thick black hair BUBALINA 49 between the face-glands, which are also tufted, but devoid of a central orifice leading to a hairy tube; nostrils widely separated, hairy internally; neck maned; tail long-haired throughout, and terminal hairs nearly reaching the ground; teats two.* Horns smooth, thickened and expanded at base, * In the Book of Antelopes the number is given incorrectly as 4: see Pocock, loc. cit. II. E Fie. 8.—THE Gnu (Connochetes gnu). 50 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES directed at first either forwards and downwards or outwards, with the tips pointing upwards or upwards and inwards. No inguinal glands; glands in fore-feet only. Skull broad and heavy, with lower extremities of premaxille expanded ; usually two pairs of premolars. The genus, which is restricted to southern and eastern Africa, is represented by two very distinct types, which might well be accorded generic rank if they each included two or more well-marked species. They may be distin- cuished as follows :— A. Horns directed at first forwards and down- wards; back nearly straight; tail white; 14 dorsal vertebre; nasals of median LOD GUD: Ol E.-—-Oreotragus oreotragus somalicus. Oreotragus somalicus, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 174; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali. p. 68, 1910. Oreotragus saltator somalicus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 167, 1908. Typical locality Somaliland. Differs from two preceding races by the bases of the hairs, especially on the back, being reddish grey or reddish brown; females hornless. OREOTRAGIN & 129 The coloured plate in the Book of Antelopes represents this race. 94. 2. 21. 21. Skull, with horns. Somaliland; collected by Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Presented by Dr, P. L. Sclater, 1894. 98. 3.12.1. Skull and skin, female. Golis Range, Somaliland. Type. Presented by F. B. Parkinson, Esq., 1898. Fic. 12.—FrRont aND SIDE VIEWS OF SKULL OF SomaLI KLIPSPRINGER (Oreotragus oreotragus somalicus). 10. 10. 3.46. Skin, female. Same locality. Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1910. 10. 10. 3.45. Skin. Shanahalsh, Golis Range. Same history. 6. 11. 1. 57. Skull, with horns (fig. 12), and skin. Managaiki Hills, North-eastern Africa; collected by My. Zaphiro. Presented by IW. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906. 12.7.10.7. Skin. Debrowein, Somaliland. Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1912. Il. K 130 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES F.—Oreotragus oreotragus aceratos. Oreotragus aceratos, Noack, Zool. Anz. 1899, p. 11; O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 178. Oreotragus saltator aceratos, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 167, 1908. Typical locality Lindi Hinterland, East Africa. Distinguished from all the other races by the reddish or ochery colour of the fore-quarters ; the hind-quarters alone being olive (roe-colour). The range includes Nyasaland, Southern Angoniland, and North-eastern Rhodesia. 92. 8.1.63. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba, Nyasaland (B. C. Africa); collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Presented by Sir H. H, Johnston, G.CIMLG, KOB., 1892. 94. 1. 25, 21. Skin, mounted, and skull. Fort Lister, Nyasaland. Same donor, 1894. 96. 10. 26. 25. Skin, immature. Southern Angoniland. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C_M.G., C.B., 1896. 95,2. 2.17. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. Mlange, Nyasaland. Same donor, 1895. 2.8.12.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Muchinga Mountains, North-eastern Rhodesia, Presented by F. H. Melland, Esq., 1902. 7.11.15. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin. South Chemsali district, North-eastern Rhodesia. Presented by Rk. L. Hurger, Esq., 1907. 7.11.15. 7-8. Two skulls and skins, female. Same locality. Same history. 7.11.15.9. Skin. Same locality. Same history. G.— Oreotragus oreotragus porteousi. Oreotragus saltator porteusi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 960, Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 9, 1911; name misspelt. Typical locality Zaria * district of Northern Nigeria, Imperfectly known. Skull differs from that of schillingsi by its much greater width, the diameter across the orbits being 34 against 243 inches ; it is further distinguished by the * Incorrectly given as Yola in original description. OREOTRAGIN & 131 marked bending-down of the margin of the lachrymal bone, which consequently has a distinct lateral surface in place of a sharp edge, and also shows only a comparatively small portion of its whole extent in a front view of the skull, 12.5.3. 1. Skull, with horns, Duchi n’Wai Lange, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Type. Presented by Dr. E. J. Porteous, 1911. SUBFAMILY vill.i—N EOTRAGIN~&. Relatively small antelopes, with well-developed slender tails of moderate leugth, and a large bare muffle extend- ing nearly as far back as hind angles of nostrils. Face-glands, when present, in the form of a valvular invagination, with their circular orifices approximated to the eyes; web of pasterns folded back on itself to form posterior wall of an interdigital cleft; other characters of this part as in Oreotragine; hoofs normal; inguinal glands apparently present. Teats two* or four.t Lateral hoofs present or absent. Horns absent in females, except abnor- mally; those of males in the form cf short simple spikes, more or less annulated at base; skull more or less elongated, with large lachrymal depressions and small lachrymal slits ; frontals much the same as in Oreotraginw, as are also the upper molars. The distributional area includes the greater portion of Ethiopian Africa. The following is a key to the genera included in the subfamily :— A. A bare patch below ear B. No bare patch below ear. w. Horns vertical; lateral hoofs present or absent... Raphicerus. bd. Horns inclining backwards in or near frontal plane ; lateral hoofs wanting ............... cece Neotragus. *W. L. Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 174, Raphicerus. + Pocock, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1910, p. 882, Ourebia, al bo 132 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES I. Genus OUREBIA. Ourebia, Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 622, 1841*; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 18, 1895; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. Scopophorus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846. Oribia, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 238, 1899. The largest members of the subfamily, readily distin- guished by the presence of a larger or smaller bare patch of skin (commonly described as glandular) below each ear, tufts of long hairs on the knees, and the retention of small lateral hoofs. Tail short and tufted. Skull with large or medium lachrymal depressions ; nasals large. Horns inclining back- wards, and ridged at base. The genus is distributed, in suitable localities, over the greater part of Ethiopian Africa, where it is represented by several more or closely allied species, some of which might perhaps be better regarded as local races. To these the following is a key :— A. A blackish frontal mark. a. Size smaller; basal skull-length 5% inches... O. owrebt. b. Size larger; basal skull length 635 ............ O. goslingt. s. No dark frontal mark. a. Horns more or less slender; hair straight. a’, Tail largely black. a’, Nose blackish; size small ............... O. nigricaudata,. b". Nose fawn; size larger. a®, Lachrymal depression broad ......... O. hastata, o*, Lachrymal depression narrow. a‘, Skull small; teeth large ............ O. kenye. b*. Skull large ; teeth small............ O. mtcrodon.t ob’. Tail fawn, except for a few hairs at tip. a’. Horns long and slender; tail short ... O. cottonz. b'. Horns short and slight; tail longer ... O. montana. b. Horns very thick and heavily ridged ......... O. haggardi. Cy, LATE CUPL Y aactatacvarsmdoandanns suseundeutueantaneiats O. gallarum. * For date of this work see Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vii, p. 850, 1899. t External characters unknown. NEOTRAGIN Ai 133 I. OUREBIA OUREBI. Antilope ourebi, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. iii, p. 266, 1783; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 320, 1801; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 89, 1887. Antilope scoparia, Schreber, Stiugthiere, pl. cclxi, 1785; Afzelius Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 194, 1816, Mamm. vol. ii, p. 462, 1822 ; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822; Gold- fuss, Schreber’s Saugthiere, vol. v, p. 1244, 1824; Burchell, List Quadr. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 1, 1825; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 244, vol. v, p. 889, 1827; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 879, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 290, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pl. xii, 1828; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 469, 1829; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 78, 1832; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, p. 633, 1868 ; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 13862, 1838; Gervais, Dict. Scr. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 262, 1840; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 429, 1844, vol. v, p. 411, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 414, 1845; Gebel, Sdugethiere, p. 816, 1855. Antilope melanura, Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. i, p. 73, 1799, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800. Cemas melanura, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 748, 1816. Redunea scoparia, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 211, 1834, Antilope (Ourebia) scoparia, Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, yp. 628, 1841. Oreotragus scoparius, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 164, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 146, 1847; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 426, 1875. Calotragus scoparius, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vel.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 192, 1846; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. ili, p. 260, 1880, ed. 3, p. 896, 1891. Scopophorus ourebi, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 181, 1851, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 7, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 118, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 73, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 19, 1872, Hand- List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 90, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 236, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 165, 1869. Calotragus oureby, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 191, 1853. Scopophorus ourebi grayi, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wass. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 165, 1869. Nanotragus scoparius, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 642; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 761, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 221, 1881; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 801, 1889; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 339, 1891; Nicolls and Egling- ton, Sportsman in 8. Africa, p. 25, 1892; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 81, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 218, 1893. 134 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Scopophorus scoparius, Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 131, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit, vol. xi) p. 160, 1892. Neotragus scoparius, Barkley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p.182; Rendall, ibid. 1895, p. 361. Ourebia scoparia, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 15, 1895; W. L. Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 170, 1900. Oribia scoparia, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 238, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 169, 1908; Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 239, 1899; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 176, 1910; Letcher, Big Game N.E. Rhodesia, p. 196, 1911. Ourebia ourebi, quoted by Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 169, note, 1908*; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. Ourebia oribi, Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xix, p. 887, 1907. ORIBI. Type of genus; also of Scopophorus. Typical locality Cape Colony. Size large; height at shoulder from about 24 to 26 inches. Geueral colour bright sandy rufous; chin, a stripe over outer angle of each eye, and under-parts (exclusive of throat) white; generally a dark brown triangular mark on forehead ; subauricular bare patch small and indistinct; tail sandy rufous in its basal third, elsewhere thickly tufted and black, length about 434 inches; skull with large slender muzzle, and large and open lachrymal depressions, of which the upper and lower borders are strongly ridged. Horns, of which fine specimens measure from 5 to 7 inches in length, slender, evenly tapering, inclined backwards at an angle of about 45° to the plane of the face, with a slight upward and forward curvature; their ridges approximated, low, rounded, indistinct, and restricted to the basal two-thirds. Length of hind-foot 11, of ear 32 inches; basal length of skull 54, maximum width 2%, length from muzzle to orbit 33 inches. The range appears to extend as far north as the Zambesi on the east, and into Congo territory on the west. 46.10. 26.18. Skull and skin, female. South Africa. Purchased, 1846. 46. 10. 26.17. | Skull and skin, female. South Africa. 46. 1. 9. 18. Purchased, 1846. * There is some earlier reference. NEOTRAGIN.E 135 775, h. | Skull and skin, female. Mashonaland. 135, b. | By exchange with the South African Museum. 1. 6. 38. 86. Skull, with horns. Mashonaland. Presented by F.C. Sclous, Esq., 1901. "7.8.25. 4. Skull, with horns, immature. South-east Africa. Presented by J, folliott Darling, Esq., 1897. 97. 8. 25.4. Head, mounted. Mount Fletcher, Griqua- land East. Same history. 8. 4.15.1. Head, mounted. Barotsiland. Presented by S. F. Griffin, Esq., 1908. 12.1.1.1-3. Three frontlets, with horns. Mazabreka, North-west Rhodesia. Presented by R. C. Wood, Esq., 1912. 12. 3. 27. 1, 2... Two skulls, male, with horns, and immature female. Same locality. Sane history. 10. 2.16.5. Skull, with horns. Nsele, Awemba, North- east Rhodesia. Presented by F. H. Melland, Esq., 1910. 12. 5. 10. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Luapula Valley, Belgian Congo. Presented by Col. C. F. Bluine, 1912. II. OUREBIA HASTATA. Antilope hastata, Peters, Reise Mossambique, Sdugeth. p. 188, pl. xli, fig. 2; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 817, 1855; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 411,1855; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 1887, p. 46. Calotragus hastata, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 191, 1853. Scopophorus hastatus, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 165, 1869; Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 121, 1895. Nanotragus hastatus, Brooke, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1874, p. 642; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 339, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 219, 1893. Oreotragus hastatus, Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 53, 1877. Ourebia hastata, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 21, 1895; Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xix, p. 887, 1907. Oribia hastata, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 239, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 171, 1908. Typical locality Senna, Zambesia. Nearly related to O. owrebi, but with a larger and more conspicuous ear-patch, a more slender and less heavily tufted tail, with more or less white along the inferior lateral edges, 136 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES and no dark mark on crown of head. These differences scarcely seem of more than racial value. The range extends from Mozambique to Nyasaland. 93.5. 6.5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba, Nyasa- land; collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.CMG., K.C.B., 1893. Fic. 13.—FrRont anp Sipm Views or SxuLy anp Horns oF PEters’s OrrBi (Ourebia hastata). 94.3. 7.4. Skin, mounted, and skull. Shirwa Plain, Nyasaland ; same collector. Same donor, 1894. 96. 10. 28. 21. Skull and skin, female. South of Lake Shirwa, Nyasaland; same collector. Same donor, 1896. 97. 10. 1. 264. Skull, with horns (fig. 13), and skin. Zomba. Same donor, 1897. 99. 6. 29. 9. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1899. NEOTRAGIN & 137 III. OUREBIA NIGRICAUDATA. Scopophorus montanus, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 7, pl. v, 1850, nec Cretzschmar. Nanotragus nigricaudatus, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 874, pl. lxxv; Garrod, ibid. 1877, p. 11; Ward, Records of Big Game, p- 81, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 219, 1898. Neotragus nigricaudatus, Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 145, 1883. ‘Ourebia nigricaudata, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 23, 1895; Alerander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 392, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. Oribia nigricaudata, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 239, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 171, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 180, 1910. Typical locality Gambia. Size relatively small; height at shoulder about 21 inches. General colour greyish fawn; ear-patch large; upper surface of nose dusky; tail with a Jarge terminal tuft. Length of hind-foot 10, of ear 33 inches. There may be a triangular blackish patch behind the horns. The range includes the open districts of Gambia and Senegambia. 76. 2. 30. 3. Skeleton, with horns, and skin. Gambia; collected by C. B. More, Esq. Type. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1876. 76. 2.4.2. Skin, female. West Africa. Presented by the Zooloyteal Society, 1876. 99. 6.15.15. Skull and skin, female. Gambaga. Presented by Capt. W. Giffard, 1899. 10. 2. 17. 1. UHead-skin, immature female. Bekel District, Senegal. Presented by Capt. H. 8. Topping, 1910. 10. 2.17.2. Skull, with horns, immature. Same locality. Same history. 11. 6.10.106. Skin. Upper Gambia. Presented by G. Fenwick Owen, Esq., 1911. 8.12.18. 3. Skin, mounted. Senegambia. Presented by F. Russell Roberts, Esq., 1908. 51.12. 2.6. Skull and skin, female. West Africa. Purchased (Zoological Society’, 1851. 5. 5.10.13. Skin. Wasé, Northern Nigeria. Presented by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm, 1905. 138 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 99. 7. 7. 6. Skull, with horns, immature. Borgu, Nigeria. Presented by Capt. 4. H. F. Abadie, 1899. 99.7. 7.7. Skull, female. Same locality. Same history. IV OUREBIA MONTANA. Antilope montana, Cretzschmar, Atlas to Riippell’s Reise Nordost- Afrika, p. 11, pl. iii, 1826; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 469, 1829; Riippell, Newe Wirbelth. Abyssin., Mamm. p. 25, 1835, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1886, p. 3; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim, vol. x, p. 290, 1836; Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; Lauril- lard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 623, 1841; TWagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 431, 1844, vol. v, p. 412, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. li, p. 421, 1845; Gebel, Sdugethiere, p. 16,1855; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 34, 1887. Redunca montana, A. Smith, 8. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 211, 1834. Antilope brevicaudata, Riippell, M.S. (Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin., Mamm. p. 25, 1835), Tragelaphus montanus, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. p. 87, 1842. Calotragus montanus, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 198, 1846; Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 191, 1853; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 8, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 104, 1877. Scopophorus montanus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 282, 1846, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 187, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 74, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 19, 1872; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 101; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 165, 1869; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 266, 1870; Giglio, Ann. Mus. Genova, ser. 2, vol. vi, p. 18, 1888; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 160, 1892. Nanotragus montanus, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, pp. 642 and 875; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 166, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 839, 1891; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 82, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 218, 1893. Ourebia montana, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 25, 1895; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 464, 1902; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1910, p. 882 ; Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 147, 1918. Oribia montana, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 239, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 172, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed, 6, p. 178, 1910. Typical locality Fazogloa Range, Blue Nile. Height at shoulder 22 to 23 inches. Distinguished from typical species by the shorter and less bushy tail, which has NEOTRAGIN.E 139 only a few black hairs at the tip, but a number of white ones along the sides of the lower surface; ear-patch large and completely bare; no dark frontal mark. Basal length of skull 58, greatest width 22, length from muzzle to orbit 33 inches, It is not possible at present to give a key to the two races, especially as cottoni may have to be classed as a third race of this species. A.—Ourebia montana montana. General characters those given above. Typical locality Fazogloa Range, Blue Nile. 73. 8.29. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Dembelas, Abyssinia. Purchased, 1873. 73. 8. 29.5, 6. Two skulls and skins. Same locality. Same history. 2.4.5.4. Skull, with horns, and skin (scalp separate). Adamadis, Madi District. Presented by C. S. Betton, Bsq., 1902. 11. 5. 28. 2, 3. Two skulls, male, with horns, and female, and skins. South-west of Shambé, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented by F. C. Selous, Hsq., 1911. 9. 7. 8. 5. Skin, female. Near Tonga Island, White Nile. Presented by C. C. Tower, Esq., 1909. 8. 4. 2.56. Skull, with horns. Upper Nile. Presented by A, L. Butler, Esy., 1908. 8.4. 2.57. Skull and skin. Same locality. Same history. 0. 8. 6. 7, 8. Two skulls, male, with horns, and female, and skin. White Nile; 11° N. Lat. Presented by Capt. S. S. Flower, 1900. 1.8. 8.41. Skull, with horns. Kaka, White Nile. Presented by R. Me. D. Hawker, Esqy., 1901. 6. 9. 12. 1, 2. Two skulls, immature, with horns. Mongalla, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented by Crawford Logan, Esy., 1906. 3. 12. 15. 1. Head, immature, mounted, and skull. Dinder Valley, Blue Nile. Presented by A, W. Haig, Hsq., 1903. 140 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 12. 11.13.16. Four mounted heads. Dinder Valley ; collected by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe. Presented by Col. B. J. Gunthorpe, 1912. 1.1. 25.1. Skull, with horns. Addis Abeba, Abyssinia. Presented by Capt. C. Wellby, 1901. 12.11. 2.1 Skull, immature, female. Keilak, Southern Kordofan. Presented by Capt. B. V. G. Durnford, 1912. B.—Ourebia montana squatoria. ‘Ourebia montana wquatoria, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. |x, no. 8, p. 12, 1912. Typical locality Lado Enclave. The following is the original description :—“ Nearest colttont (infra, p. 144), but differing by the smaller, less vertical horns, which are less heavily ringed and lighter ; dorsal coloration with darker tips to the ears and a few dark hairs in the tip of the tail; hair shorter; horns much heavier than in montana, but slanting backward at same angle, tympanic bullz and nasal bones larger. Intermediate in horn-characters between cottoni and montana, but coloration nearer cottont . . . The difference between this race and cottont is surprisingly slight, notwithstanding that these two races live at the extremes of the vertical range of the genus.” The last sentence suggests that the author regards cottoni as a race of the present species. V. OUREBIA HAGGARDI. Neotragus haggardi, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hust. ser. 6, vol. xv, p. 187, 1895. Ourebia hagegardi, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 29, 1895. Oribia haggardi, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 239, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 176, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 180, 1910. Typical locality Lamu district, British East Africa. Shoulder-height about 24 inches. Specially characterised by the stout and compressed horns, with the ridges pro- nounced and strongly angulated, and the lateral profile NEOTRAGIN & ‘141 slightly sinuous; general colour greyer than usual; tail black-tufted ; skull very shallow. 87. 3.9.2. Skull, with horns. Lamu, British East Africa. Co-type. Presented by J. G. Haggard, Esq., 1887. 87. 3.9.3. Skull, with horns. Lamu. Co-type. Same history. 87. 3.9.4. Skull, with horns, immature. Lamu. Same history. 95. 6. 9. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Doruma. district, 25 miles inland of Mombasa. Presented by A. H. Newmann, Esq., 1895. VI. OUREBIA KENNY. Ourebia kenyx, Meinertzhagen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 169. Oribia kenye, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 174, 1908. Typical locality Kenia district, British East Africa. Nearly related to O. haggardi, and standing trom-~about 23 to 25 inches at the shoulder, this species (or [?] race) is distinguished by the horns being less thick, and not so roughly and irregularly ridged, as well as by their more forward direction and greater divergence. General colour bright fulvous or ochery tawny ; chin, throat, and a streak running from above the eye towards muzzle white; ears fringed above with dark brown ; tail about 4 inches long, its terminal three-fourths tufted and black and basal fourth edged with black below. Lachrymal depression narrow. In the last-mentioned feature, as well as in its black- tufted tail, this species shows affinity with 0. hastata. 4.11. 5. 28. Skull, with horns. Fort Hall, British East Africa. Type. Presented by Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, 1904. 4.11.5, 24-26. Three skulls, with horns (fig. 14). Fort “Hall. Same history. 4.11.5. 27. Skull, female. Same locality. Same history. 4.11. 5, 29-31, Three skulls, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 4.12.6.13. Skull, with horns. Same locality. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 190-4. 142 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 4.12. 6.12. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality. Same history. 7.11.18. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Foot of Mount Kenia. Presented by R. J. Cuninghame, Esq., 1907. 7. 11. 18.3. Skull and skin, female. Same locality. Same hastory. Fic. 14.—Front anp SipgE Virws oF SkuLt anp Horns or KEnIA OriBi (Ourebia kenya). VII. OUREBIA MICRODON. Ourebia microdon, Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lvi, no. 2, p. 4, 1910. Oribia microdon, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 10, 1911. Typical locality Guasin-gishu Plateau, British East Africa. Type in United States National Museum. A large species, known by the skull, in which the upper NEOTRAGIN.E 143 series of cheek-teeth is unusually short, occupying less length than in species with absolutely smaller skulls ; rostral portion of skull elongated; horns short, stout, and heavily ridged. Apparently most nearly related to kenya, from which it differs by its larger size, longer cranial rostrum and nasals, square and flat basioccipital, and shorter and more heavily ridged horns. Some of the dimensions of the type skull are contrasted below with those of other species; the measure- ments in millimetres :— mierodon. cottoni. kenyc. montana. Maximum length .................:00008 175 168 165 164 Condylo-basal length ................. 163 157 154 153 Basal length ........ccccccecsceceeneee eee 152 146 143 144 Maximum width .............0...00000.. 77 75 95 74 Muzzle to-orbib cssecessveaeited vacaxecns 95 87 85 86 Length of upper row of cheek-teeth. 48 53 49 50 No specimen in collection. VIIT. OUREBIA GOSLINGL. Ourebia goslingi, Thomas and Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xix, p. 887, 1897; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 392, 1907. Oribia goslingi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 177, 1908, Typical locality Niangara, Wellé Valley, Congo. Characterised by its large size (approximately the same as ‘in hastata), coupled with the presence of a conspicuous black patch extending from the forehead between the horns to base of ears, and recalling the somewhat similar mark in owrebi ; a black tinge on back; hairs smoky grey at base, and dark brown above, with a bright buff ring below the small black tip. Horns longer than in montana, but shorter and slighter than in kenyw. Length of ear 4} inches (107 mm.), of hind-foot 1148 (300 mm.), of tail 37 inches (94 mm.); basal length of skull 6,3; inches (160 mm.), greatest breadth 2% (73 mm.), length from orbit to muzzle 3% inches (98 mm.). 7. 7. 8. 215. Skull and skin, female. Niangara, Upper Wellé Valley. Type. Collected during the Alexander- Gosling Expedition. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907. 144 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 7. 7. 8. 213, Skull, with horns, and skin. Bimu, Wellé Valley. Same collection. Same history. 7.7. 8.214. Skull, with horns, immature. Danga, Congo. Same collection. Same history. 7. 7. 8. 216. Skull and skin, female. Nigeria. Same history. 7. 7. 8. 217. Skull, with horns. Nigeria. Same collection. Same history. 7. 7. 8. 218. Skull and skin, female. Nigeria. Same collection. Same history, 1907. IX. OUREBIA COTTONI. Ourebia cottoni, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i, p. 177, 1908; Hollister, Smithson. Mise. Collect. vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 4, 1910; Heller, ibid. vol. 1x, no. 8, p. 12, 1910. Oribia cottoni, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 177, 1908. Typical locality Guasin-gishu Plateau, British East Africa. About the size of O. goslingt (23 inches at shoulder), but with a rather longer coat and the general colour paler and brighter, being tawny, fading to buff on flanks, instead of dark clay-colour shading into ochre; hairs drab for basal two-thirds, but otherwise buff, except for very small black tips ; no distinct dark frontal mark ; tail very short, less than one-third the length of that of goslingi, about 14 inches. Horns short and well ridged, although not so strongly as in haggardi, skull, compared with that of goslingt, broader, stouter, and shorter in front of orbits. 7.12. 29.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Surgoit Rock, Guasin-gishu Plateau, British East Africa. Type. Presented by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, 1907. 7.12. 29. 2. Skin, mounted, and skull. Same locality. Same history. X. OUREBIA GALLARUM. Ourebia gallarum, Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 146, 1913, Typical locality shores of Lake Helene, about 60 miles south of Addis Abeba, Abyssinia. NEOTRAGIN & 145 A large species, with long wavy hair and complete absence of a dark frontal patch. General colour bright orange-fawn, deeper along dorsal line, with the tips of the hairs cream and their bases whitish; forehead uniformly orange-fawn. Skull relatively large and massive, with great development of the bridge across the rostrum in front of orbits, and the con- sequent marked concavity of the facial profile; nasals depressed ; lachrymal depression large and deep ; horns short aud stout, inclining strongly backwards, as in montana, and ridged only at base. Basal length of skull 6 inches (152 mm.), greatest width 3,5; (84 mm.), length of nasals 214 (67 mm.), of upper row of cheek-teeth 23/, (52 mm.). The skull approximates to that of O. cottont, in which the basal length is 53 inches (145 mm.), but differs by the more backward inclination of the horns, resembling in this respect O. montana, in which the basal skull-length is 64%; inches (156 mm.). The hair is brighter and richer in tone than that of cottont, and quite different from the grizzled fawn of montana ; while in its waviness it differs from both. 6.11.1. 58. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Helene, Omo Valley, Abyssinia; collected by Mr. Zaphiro. Type. Presented by W. N. MeMillan, Esq., 1906. The following specimens are not yet specifically deter- mined :— 4.8.1.3. Skull, with horns. South-western Ankoli, Uganda; collected by Mr. W. G. Doggett. Presented by Lieut.-Col. C. Delmé-Radeliffe, 1904. 4. 8.1.4. Skull, immature female. South-western Ankoli; same collector. Same history. 4.11.5. 31. Skull, with horns. Uganda. Presented by Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, 1904. II. Genus RAPHICERUS. Raphicerus, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 342, 1827; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 88, 1895; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 879. Calotragus, Swndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ah. Handl. 1844, p. 192, 1846. : Rhaphocerus, Agassiz, Nomenclator Zool., Index Univ. p. 821, 1846. II, L 146 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Pediotragus, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 163, 1869; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xxii, p. 30, 1900. Raphiceros, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 796. Rhaphiceros, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 249, 1899; Rothschild, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 237. No bare patch below ear, or tufts on knees; tail short; horns rising nearly vertically, slender, with slightly developed ridges on basal half; lateral hoofs present or absent. Skull stout and strong, with a sharp broad muzzle, small but deep lachrymal depressions, of which the upper and lower margins are rounded. For the distinctive characteristics of the foot of this genus, as compared with that of Ouwrebia, see Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1910, p. 885. The distributional area is restricted to Southern and Eastern Africa. The genus is divisible into the two following groups :— A. Lateral hoofs wanting (Raphicerus). a. Coat uniformly coloured.................. R. campestris. bs Coat speckledsciscccass se seesccnetenesan omen R. sharpet. B. Lateral hoofs present (Nototragus).......... R. melanotis. 1. Suspcenus RAPHICERUS. Lateral hoofs wanting. I. RAPHICERUS CAMPESTRIS. Capra grimmia, Thunberg, Reise, vol. ii, p. 8, 1789, nec Linn. Antilope campestris, Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sci. St. Pétersd. vol. iii, p. 811, 1811. Antilope tragulus, Lichtensteon, Mag. nat. Frewnde, vol. vi, p. 176, 1814, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pl. xiv, 1828; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1284, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 892, 1821; Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 458, 1822; J. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 464, 1829; Smuts, Hnwm. Mamm. Cap. p. 81, 1832; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 638, 1868; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 291, 1886, Nowv. Tabl. Réegne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 1362, 1838; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 622, 1841; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 262, 1840; Forster, Descrip. Anim. pp. 86 and 874, 1844; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdug- thiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 486, 1844, vol. v, p. 410, 1855; Schinz, NEOTRAGIN& 147 Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 411, 1845; Peters, Reise nach Mossam- beque, Scdugeth. p. 187, 1852; Giebel, Stugethiere, p. 318, 1855; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 88, 1887. Antilope tragulus rupestris, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 177, 1814; Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 876, 1844. Antilope capensis (for campestris), Afzeliws, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 254, 1815. Antilope ibex, Afzeliws, op. cit. p. 263, 1815; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 376, 1827. Cerophorus (Cervicapra) stenbock, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Cerophorus (Cervicapra) acuticornis, Blainville, op. cit. pp. 75 and 79, 1816, Journ. Phys. Aug. 1818, pl. i, fig. 8, Oken’s Isis, 1819, vol. ii, p. 1095. Antilope acuticornis, Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 193, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 460, 1820; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thier- reich, vol. i, p. 395, 1821; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 877, 1827; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 275, 1884. Antilope rupestris, Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i, p. 202, 1822, vol. ii, p. 15, 1824; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 248, vol. v, p. 340, 1827; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 412, 1845. Antilope fulvo-rufescens, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822. Antilope (Raphicerus) acuticornis, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal King- dom, vol. iv, p. 252, vol. v, p. 842, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 292, 1836, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 177, 1842; Gervais, Dict. Sct. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 262, 1840. Antilope (Raphicerus) subulata, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal King- dom, vol. iv, p. 258, vol. v, p. 342, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 292, 1836, Nowv. Tabl. Régne Anim. p. 177, 1842; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 262, 1840. Tragulus rupestris, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 212, 1834; Harris, Wild Anim. S. Africa, pl. xxv, fig. 2, 1840. Tragelaphus tragulus, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. p. 87, 1842. Oreotragus tragulus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 164, 1843, List. Osteo!. Brit. Mus. p. 146, 1847. Calotragus campestris, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 71, 1852; Layard, Cat. 8S. African Mus. p. 68, 1861; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 285, 1862. Calotragus tragulus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 209. Pediotragus tragulus, Fitzinger, Siteber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 163, 1869; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. ix, p. 173, 1878, vol. xv, p. 262, 1893, vol. xxii, p. 30, 1900, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 134, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 165, 1892; Max Weber, Arch. mikr. Anat. vol. xxi, p. 500, 1888. Pediotragus tragulus grayi, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 163, 1869. L 2 148 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Pediotragus campestris, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 31, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 100, 1873; O. Newmann, Sttzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1900, p. 559. Nanotragus tragulus, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, pp. 642 and 874; Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 283; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 742; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 762, A Hunter's Wanderings in S&. Africa, p. 222, 1881; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 300, 1889; Hunter, Willoughby’s Hast Africa, p. 290, 1889; Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 654; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm, Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 166, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 339, 1891; Lugard, H. Africa, vol. i, p. 540, 1893. Neotragus tragulus, Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 145, 1883. Nanotragus campestris, Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in 8. Africa, p. 24, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 217, 1893; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Library), ‘vol. i, pp. 285 and 391, 1894; Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, p. 60, 1895. Neotragus campestris, Rendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 361. Raphicerus campestris, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 41, pl. xxvii, fig. 1, 1895, vol. iv, p. 225, 1900; W. L. Sclater, Fauna 8. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 178, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 879. Rhaphiceros campestris, Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 251, 1899; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 181, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 185, 1910. Pediotragus horstocki, Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xxii, p. 39, 1900. Rhaphiceros horstocki, Rothschild, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 237. Rhaphicerus campestris, Lonnberg. Arkiv Zool. vol. v, No. 10, p. 4, 1909. STEINBOK. Type of Raphicerus, Calotragus, and Pediotragus. Typical locality Cape Colony. Height at shoulder.from about 21 to 22 inches. General colour bright sandy rufous, deeper on head; muzzle and a horseshoe-like patch on crown usually dark brown; a white stripe above outer angle of each eye; tail short, coloured above like back, below white, as is also under surface of body; lateral hoofs wanting; horns relatively larger than in the oribis, the maximum recorded length being 73 inches. Skull stout, with the frontal surface roughened and ridged, and the premaxille articulating with the nasals. Length of hind-foot 93, of ear 4} inches ; basal length of sisal! 44, maximum width 23, ienoth On. muzzle to orbit 23 inches. The range extends on the west to the Cuneni ang) on the east to the Zambesi. NEOTRAGIN.E 149 The following local races have been named :— A. Usually a dark coronal mark. a, General colour orange rufous, with much white on belly............cccccceseceeeeeeeeeeeen ees R. c. campestris. b. General colour vinaceous rufous, with less white below............ccccccceceeeee sensu ee neuse ees R. c. natalensis, B. No dark coronal mark, at least in male. a. Auditory bulla small. a’, No dark nose-spot ........0...ccceeeeeeeee teen R. c. neumanm. b’. A dark nose-spot 0.00.2... cceeceeeeeeee cee eenees R. c. stigmaticus. b. Auditory bulla large... cece eee eee R. c. capricornis. A.—Raphicerus campestris campestris. Rhaphiceros campestris typicus, Kirby, Game Animals of Africa, p. 251, 1899. Typical locality South Africa. General colour orange rufous, with a large white area on the under-parts and relatively large white patches on the throat and round the eyes. 43.12. 7, 24. Skin. South Africa; collected by Verreaux. Purchased, 1843. 46. 8.3.44. Skull, with horns. South Africa; same collector. Purchased, 1846. 46.11. 20.10. Skull, with horns, immature. South Africa. Purchased, 1846. 46.11.18. 28. Skull, with horns. South Africa. Purchased (Stevens), 1846, 776, g. Skull, with horns. South Africa. Bequeathed by Gen. T. Hardwicke, 1835. 994, c. Skeleton, with horns. South Africa (?). Purchased (Zoological Society). 1. 8.5.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near Worcester, Cape Colony. Purchased, 1901. 2.12. 1.32. Skull and skin, immature female. Deel- fontein, Cape Colony ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. Presented by Lieut.-Col. A. T. Sloggett, C.M.G., 1902. 9.12.1. 33. Skull and skin, immature female. Same locality and collector. Same history. 3. 3. 6. 29, 30. Two young specimens, in spirit. Same locality and collector. Same donor, 1903. 150 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 4.3.1.96. Skull, female. Fredefort Road, Northern Orange River Colony. Presented by Major G. B. H. Barrett-Hamilton, 1904. 3.5.10. 1. Skin, mounted. South Africa. Purchased, 1903. 4, 2.2.8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Durban Road, Cape Colony ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1904. Fic, 15.—Front anp S1pE VIEWS OF SKULL OF STEINBOK (Raphicerus campestris). 4,12.3.99. Skull, with horns, and skin. Umvolosi Valley, Zululand. Same collector. ; Same history. 4.12. 3.100, 101. Two skulls and skins, female. Same locality and collector. Same history. 4.12. 3.102. Skull and skin, female, imperfect. Hlatwa district, Zululand. Same collector. Same history. 4. 12. 3. 120. Skull, with horns (fig. 15), and skin. Umvolosi. Same collector. Same history. NEOTRAGINAR 151 4, 2. 3.120. Skull and skin, female. Klipfontein, Namaqualand. Same collector. Same history. 6. 11. 8. 142-144. Three skulls and skins (one female). Coguno, Inhambane, Zululand. Same collector. Same history. B.—Raphicerus campestris natalensis. Rhaphiceros horstocki natalensis, Rothschild, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 2837; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 182, 1908. Typical locality Drakensberg district of Natal. Differs from typical race by its much darker colour, which is deep vinaceous rufous, and by the smaller size of the white patches on the throat and round the eyes and the extent of the white of the under-parts. 83. 7. 27. 2. Skull, with horns, provisionally referred to this race. Port Elizabeth; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1883. C.—Raphicerus campestris neumanni. Pediotragus neumanni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1894, p. 122, Stiugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 120, 1895. Raphicerus neumanni, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 47, 1895 ; Thomas and Schwann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 584; Lénnberg, Sjéstedt’s Kiluomandjaro-Meru Exped., Mamm. p- 40, 1908; K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, art. 5, p. 158, 1912. Rhaphiceros campestris neumanni, Hunter, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 253, 1899; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 180, 1908. Nototragus neumanni, Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910. Typical locality Northern Ugogo, German East Africa. Type in Berlin Museum. Distinguished from typical race by the absence, at least in the male, of the dark coronal crescentic mark, the paler general colour, and the greater development of the white facial markings, which form complete rings round the eyes, are wider on the margins of the ears, more clearly defined on the chin, throat and inner sides of the limbs, and include the lips. The skull is slightly larger. 152 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES The reference of some of the following specimens is provisional :— 89. 8.3.5. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, immature. Between Kilimanjaro and coast. Presented by H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1889. 89. 8.3.6. Skull, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 92.10.18.13. Skull, immature female. Kilimanjaro ; col- lected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G.,C.B. Purchased, 1892. 90. 6.8.34. Immature skin. District between Equa- toria and Bagamaja; collected by Dr. Emin, Pasha. Purchased, 1890. 0. 3. 27. 28, 29. Two skins. British East Africa. Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900. 3. 6. 10. 3. Skin. Nedenit Valley, Lake Nakuru, British East Africa. Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1903. 4.11.5. 238. Skull, with horns. Nyeri, British East Africa. Presented by Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, 1904. 9.5.27 2. Skull, with horns. Mt. Kenia, British East Africa. Presented by k. J. Cuninghame, Hsq., 1909. 8. 9. 26.3. Skin. Moshi Station, Kilimanjaro. Presented by A. B. Perceval, Esq., 1908. 0. 9. 3. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Bondoni Hills, near Machakos, British East Africa. Presented by R. Crawshay, Esq., 1900. 1. 8. 9. 68. Skull and skin, female. Ravine Station, British East Africa. Presented by Sir H. H, Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901. 6.1.5.7. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kilimanjaro. Presented by Major R. T. Bright, 1906. 3.12.14.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Ussangu, German East Africa. Presented by F. Russell Roberts, Lsq., 1903. D.—Raphicerus campestris stigmaticus. Rhaphiceros neumanni stigmaticus, Lénnberg, Sjdstedt’s Kilimand- jaro-Meru Exped., Mamm. p. 40, 1908. Typical locality Kilimanjaro. Type in Swedish Zoological Museum. NEOTRAGIN-E a3, Differs from neumanni by presence of a dark brown triangular spot on nose, contrasting strongly with rufous of face. Further evidence is required to show whether this feature is constant, although there are stated to be distinctive characters in the skull. E.—Raphicerus campestris capricornis. Raphicerus neumanni capricornis, Thomas and Schwann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 584. Rhaphiceros campestris capricornis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 181, 1908. Typical locality Klein Letaba, Transvaal. Distinguished from the East African race by the larger auditory bulle and rather longer nasals ; slight traces of the dark coronal mark of the typical race persist in the female. 5, 12.9. 78. Skull, with horns, and skin. Klein Letaba, north-eastern Transvaal; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. Type. Presented by C.D. Rudd, Esq., 1905. 5.12.9. 79. Skull and skin, female. Same locality and collector. Same history. 97. 8. 25. 1-38. Three skulls, with horns, one immature, provisionally referred to this race. Enkeldoorn, Mashona- land. Presented by J. foliott Darling, Esq., 1897. The following form, if distinct, may indicate another race of this species :— Pediotragus kelleni, Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xxii, p. 41, 1900; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 225, 1900. Typical locality, Cuneni Valley, Mossamedes. Known by two skulls in the Leyden Museum. II. RAPHICERUS SHARPEI. Raphiceros sharpei, Thomas, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 796, pl. xxxix ; Chubb, Proc. Rhodesia Scient. Assoc. vol. vii, p. 30, 1908 ; Hamilton, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1918, p. 539. Rhaphiceros sharpei, Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 251, 1899; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 180, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 187, 1910. Raphicerus sharpei, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 225, 1890; Thomas and Schwann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 583. 154 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Typical locality southern Angoniland. A species with feet like those of 2. campestris and a white-speckled coat similar to that of R. melanotis. Size much the same as in campestris. General colour rich tawny rufous, brighter than in campestris or melanotis, lut white hairs intermingled with the dark ones; muzzle brown above, darkest in middle line but without sharply defined nose-patch ; sides of muzzle dirty white; cheeks and sides of neck fawn ; crown with crescentic mark; ears large, thinly haired at back, the hairs mostly white, but black on margins; under-parts and limbs as in campestris ; tail short, above like back, white below. The distributional area extends from Nyasaland through Mashonaland to the north-eastern Transvaal. The two local races are characterised as follows :— a. Feet and bulle small... cee cee eee eeees R. s. sharper. b. Feet and bulle larger..............ccceceeeee cee eeneueeee ees R. s. colonicus. A.—Raphicerus sharpei sharpei. Typical locality southern Angoniland. Feet and auditory bulla relatively small; general colour without distinct purplish tinge; under-parts white or whitish, with very slight tinge of buff. 96. 10. 26.3. Skin. Southern Angoniland. Type. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.CIML.G., C.B., 1896. 0.5.14. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. West of Lake AMweru, North-west Rhodesia. Same history. 1.4. 27.11. Skin, female. Nyasaland. Presented by Licut.-Col. Manning, 1901. 1. 6. 26.4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Inpimbi, Nyasaland. Same history. 1. 6, 26.5. Skull and skin, female. Saie locality. Same history. 5.1.29. 1. Skull and skin, female. Rhodesia. Presented by Capt. J. B. Dunbar, 1905. 5. 11.14. 1. Skin, mounted. Near junction of Lien with Zambesi, Portuguese East Africa. Presented by Monsieur L. de Vries, 1905, NEOTRAGIN 155 B.—Raphicerus sharpei colonicus. Raphicerus sharpei colonicus, Thomas and Schwann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 583. Rhaphiceros sharpei colonicus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 180, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 187, 1910. Typical locality Klein Letaba, Transvaal. Feet longer than in typical race; general colour richer with a more distinct purplish tinge, and the white hairs more numerous ; under-parts, including throat, purplish buff, with the bounding line indistinct on sides of belly ; auditory bull larger. Basal length of skull 44% (112 mm.), maximum width 2% (64 mm.), length from muzzle to orbit 2+), (59 mm.); length of tail 3 (76 mm.), of hind-foot without hoof 72 inches (195 mm.). 5. 12. 9. 81. Skull, with horns, and skin. Klein Letaba, north-eastern Transvaal; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. Type. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1905. 5. 12. 9. 80. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality and collector. Same history. 8. 4. 3. 1. Skull and skin, female. Tetté, Zambesia. Same collector. Same donor, 1908. 2. Suspeenus NOTOTRAGUS. Nototragus, Thomas and Schwann, Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 10; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. Grysbock, Knotinerus-Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxiii, pt. 1, p. 99, 1907. Distinguished from Raphicerus by the retention of lateral hoofs, III. RAPHICEROS (NOTOTRAGUS) MELANOTIS. Antilope melanotis, Thunberg, Mém. Ac. Sci. St. Pétersb. vol. iii, p. 12,1811; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsat. vol. vii, pp. 257 and 262, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1235, 1818; Desmarest, Mammatogie, vol. ii, p. 459, 1822; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 876, 1827; Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pl. xii, 1828; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 465, 1829; Smuts, Hnwm. Mamm. Cap. p. 82, 1832; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 387, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1888; Oken, Allgemeine Natur- 156 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES gesch. vol. vii, p. 1363, 1838; Lawrillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 628, 1841; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 488, 1844, vol. v, p. 411, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 418, 1845; Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth. p. 187, 1852; Gebel, Sdugethiere, p.318, 1855; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acchim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 488, 1887. Antilope tragulus melanotis, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 176, 1814; Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 375, 1844. Antilope grisea, Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 244, 1816; Burchell, List Mamm. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 6, 1825; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 250, vol. v, p. 341, 1827 ; Lesson, Nowv. Tabl. Réegne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; nec Boddaert. Cerophorus (Cervicapra) grisea, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom, 1816, p. 75. Antilope rubro-albescens, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822. Tragulus melanotis, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 218, 18384; Harris, Wild Anim. 8. Africa, pl. xxvii, fig. 2, 1840. Tragelaphus melanotis, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. p. 87, 1842. Oreotragus griseus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 164, 1843. Calotragus melanotis, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handi. 1844, p. 192, 1846; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 2382, 1846, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 186, 1851, Knowsley Menagerie, p- 7, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 118, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 72, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 19, 1872, Hand- List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 90, 1873; Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 192, 1855; Layard, Cat. S. African Mus. p. 70, 1861; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 235, 1862 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 166, 1863 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 165, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 131, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 159, 1892; Mat- schie, Sdiugethiere Dewtsch-Ostafrika, p. 120, 1895. Nanotragus melanotis, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 642; Selous, ebid, 1881, p. 627, A Hunter’s Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 222, 1881; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 800, 1889; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 167, 1891; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 88, 1891; Nicolls and Egling- ton, Sportsman in 8. Africa, p. 26, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 219, 1893; Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, p. 60, 1895. Neotragus melanotis, Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 145, 18838, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 520; Rendall, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 861. Raphicerus melanotis, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 35, pl. xxvii, fig. 2, 1895; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 176, 1900, Rhaphiceros melanotis, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 249, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 181, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 184, 1910. NEOTRAGIN.E 157 Nototragus melanotis, Thomas and Schwann, Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 10; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. Grysbock melanotis, Knotinerus-Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. lxxiii, pt. 1, p. 99, 1907. The following names have been applied to albinistic varieties of this or other species of the genus :— Antilope tragulus pallida, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 177, 1814; Forster, Descrip. Anin. p. 3876, 1844. Antilope pediotragus, Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, pp. 260 and 264, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugethiere, vol. v, p. 1288, 1818; Smuts, Hnum. Mamm. Cap. p. 84, 1882; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 262, 1840; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842. Antilope pallida, H. Smith, Griffitl’s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 251, vol. v, p. 842, 1827. Antilope rufescens, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. iv, p. 249, vol. v, p. 341, 1827 ; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 177, 1842; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 412, 1845. Tragulus pediotragus, A. Smith, S. African, Quart. Journ, vol. ii, p. 218, 1834. Calotragus melanotis pallida, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 70, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 72, 1852. Calotragus rufescens, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 192, 1853. Pediotragus rufescens, Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 165, 1892. GRYSBOK. Typical locality Cape Colony. Height about 22 inches. General colour of the long and coarse coat deep rich rufous profusely speckled with white, owing to the presence of a large number of white hairs ; under-parts paler than back, but not white; frequently a blackish crescentic mark on crown; ears very large, grey externally ; very small lateral hoofs present; tail very short, without any black at tip; horns of the same general type as those of campestris, but shorter, the maximum recorded length being 4% inches. The range extends as far north as Zambesia and Mozambique. 46, b. Skin, female, mounted. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817. 46, a. Skin. Cape of Good Hope. Purchased. 37. 9. 26.123. Skull and skin, immature female. Cape 158 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES of Good Hope; collected by Verreaux. Referred by Gray in 1852 to his Calotragus melanotis pallida. Purchased 1837. 38. 7.13.10. Skin, immature. South Africa. Purchased (Stevens), 1838. o1. 5. 5. 18. Skull, immature, female. Purchased, 1851. 62. 3. 19. 13. Skeleton. South Africa; collected by Sir George Grey. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1862. 63.7.7. 15. Skull, with horns, immature. East Africa. Presented by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863. 5. 5. 7.112. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin separate). Plettenberg Pay, Knysna district, Cape Colony ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. ‘ Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1905. 5. 5,'7, 113, Skull and skin. Same locality and collector. Same history. III. Genus NEOTRAGUS. Neotragus, H. Smith, Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 849, 1827, as a subgenus; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 59, 1895. Tragulus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 188, nec Pallas. Minytragus, Gloger, Naturgeschichte, p. 154, 1841. Spinigera, Lesson, Nowv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm. p. 178, 1842. Nanotragus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 191, 1846. Dwarf antelopes, with small spike-like horns in the males directed backwards, or backwards and upwards, more or less nearly in the plane of the forehead; facial (and like- wise inguinal) glands at least generally present,* and a large lachrymal depression in skull; no bare ear-patch or lateral hoofs; tail medium; foot-structure not definitely known.t The distributional area includes Western, Central, and Eastern Africa. These antelopes may be arranged in the following three * See Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 882. t Pocock, op. cit. p. 881. NEOTRAGINE 159 groups, which have been regarded as of generic value, but are here classed as subgenera :— A. Skull with a premaxillo-maxillary vacuity; horns relatively long, strongly ridged, with a distinctly UPWALd GIPECHON siviisiccn ds cantmaacaecsevansoewderiuau meses Nesotragus. B. Premaxillo-maxillary vacuity present; horns short, stout, nearly smooth, except at base, inclining backwards nearly in frontal plane...................00064 Hylarnus. c. No premaxillo-maxillary vacuity; horns very small, smooth, inclining backwards in frontal plane......... Neotragus. 1. Susernus NESOTRAGUS. Nesotragus, Von Diiben, Ofo. K. Vet.-Ak. Forhandl. vol. iii, p. 221, 1847; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 49, 1895. A mavxillo-premaxillary vacuity present in skull; front border of orbit situated above first or second upper molar ; hind border of palate opposite hind outer angle of third upper molar ; nasals of medium width above ; horns relatively long, strongly ridged, with a distinct upward inclination. The distributional area is restricted to Hast Africa. The two species are distinguishable as follows :— A. Size smaller; horns short and slender; tail Jike- back abOve ex cssospagineariengeesedens wavancose N. moschatus. B. Size larger; horns longer and stouter; tail blaGkIsh: BOVE... cacoctsssawbremamnonnoerenntaimennes N. lvingstonianus. I. NEOTRAGUS (NESOTRAGUS) MOSCHATUS. Nesotragus moschatus, Von Diiben, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Foérhandl. vol. iii, p. 221, 1847; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Hand. 1845, p. 827, 1847; Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 8, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 119, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 137, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 75, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 80, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 99, 1873; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guiné, pp. 192 and 209, 1853; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 101; Futzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, lix, pt. 1, p. 164, 1869; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 490, 1887; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 80, 1892; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 119, 1895; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 51, pl. xxviii, 1895; Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 255, 1899; Lonnberg, Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Eaped., Mamm., p. 44, 1908, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 158, 1912. 160 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Antilope moschata, Wagner, Schreber’s Stiugthierec, Suppl. vol. v, p. 415, 1855. Nanotragus moschatus, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 642; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 339, 1831; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xv, 1892; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 217, 1893; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Library), vol. i, p. 285, 1894. Cephalophorus zanzibaricus, Layard, Cat. Mamm. S. African Mus. p. 71, 1861. Nesotragus kirchenpaueri, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ii, p. 86, 1885. Neotragus moschatus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 185, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 181, 1910. Sunt. Typical lecality Zanzibar. The type of Nesotrugus, Size small; shoulder-height from 13 to 14 inches. General colour typically dull, finely grizzled fawn-grey, with a tinge of rufous, especially on face and sides of neck; a brown patch on tip of nose; throat pale rufous; chin, under- parts, and inner sides of legs white; legs below knees and hocks rufous, with the exception of the pasterns, which are brown ; tail coloured like back above, whitish below. Basal length of skull 4 inches (101 mm.), maximum breadth 24 (57 mim.), distance from orbit to muzzle 24 inches (54 mm.). Good horns measure from 24 to 3% inches in length, with a basal girth of from 14 to 1% inches. The range includes small islands in the harbour of Zanzibar and the mainland from British East Africa through the Kilimanjaro district to Mozambique. The species has been subdivided as follows :— A. General colour darker—chestnut-brown ........... N. m. akeleyt. B. General colour medium—dull grizzled fawn...... N. m. moschatus. c. General colour light—cinnamon rufous............ N. m. deserticola. A.—Neotragus moschatus moschatus. Characters as under head of species. Typical locality Zanzibar. 64, 3.20.1. Skin, mounted. Zanzibar Island. Presented by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1864. 64. 3. 20.2. Skin and skull, female. Saie locality. Same history. NEOTRAGINA 161 68. 9. 9. 2-3. Two skulls, with horns. Same locality. Presented by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1868. 74. 4. 20.3. Skin and skull, female. Same locality. Same donor, 1874. 74. 4.28. 1-4. One adult and three immature skulls. Same locality. Same history. 74, 4. 28.4,a@and 6. Two female skulls, one immature, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 97. 1. 5. 17. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zanzibar. From the collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart. Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897. 97. 11. 20. 2. Skin, mounted, and skull, female. Zanzibar. Purchased (Zovlogical Society), 1897. 97.11. 20. 2. Foetus, in spirit. Same history. B.—Neotragus moschatus akeleyi. Nesotragus moschatus akeleyi, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. 1xi, no. 7, p. 1, 1913. Typical locality Mt. Kenia, British East Africa. Type in U. 8. National Museum. General colour darker than in typical race—chestnut- brown on back; white of throat divided for half its length by median fulvous band; legs darker, with the pasterns and stripe on front surfaces black. 4.2.5.8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nyeri, Kenia district, British East Africa. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1904. 4, 2.5.9. Skull and skin, female. Same locality. Same history. Of the following specimens some may belong to this, and the rest to the next race :— 0. 1. 3.6. Skull and skin, female. Rogoro, British Hast Africa. Presented by C. S. Betton, Esq., 1900. 0. 1. 3. 7. Fawn, in spirit. Same locality. Same history. 10. 5. 3.212. Skull, with horns. Aberdare Range, British East Africa; collected by Mr. R. Kemp. Purchased, 1910. 4,12.6.14. Skull, with horns. Fort Hall, British East Africa. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1904. UL. M 162 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 10. 4. 20.7. Skull, with horns. Takaungu, north of Mombasa. Presented by G. L. Muir, Esq., 1910. 0. 2.1.42. Skin. Niain Hill, British East Africa ; collected by A. J. Mackinder, Esq. Purchased, 1900. 0. 2.1.43. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin separate). Same locality and collector. Same history. 3. 2.16.1. Skull and skin, female. Roroma, Kikuyu district, British East Africa. Presented by RB. Crawshay, Esq., 1903. 10. 1.15. 5-6. Two skulls, with horns, and _ skins. Mombasa, British East Africa. Presented by S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1910. C.—Neotragus moschatus deserticola. Nesotragus moschatus deserticola, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol. lxi, no. 7, p. 2, 1913. Typical locality Maji-ya-chumvi, British East Africa. Type in U. 8. National Museum. General colour considerably lighter than in typical race —cinnamon-rufous, only a little darker on middle line of back; white of throat interrupted only by very narrow fulvous band ; legs light fulvous, with dark fuscous pasterns ; tail whitish, with middle dorsal line dusky brown. Some of the specimens entered under heading of preceding race may belong to this form. II. NEOTRAGUS (NESOTRAGUS) LIVINGSTONIANUS. Nesotragus livingstonianus, Kirk, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 657; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 81, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 100, 1873; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 55, 1895; Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. ii, p. 817, 1898; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S, Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 179, 1900; Lénnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. v, no. 10, p. 4, 1909. Nanotragus livingstonianus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 237. Nesotragus livingstonei, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 255, 1899. Neotragus livingstonianus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 186, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 182, 1910. Typical locality Shupanga, Zambesia. Size larger than in WV. moschatus, the shoulder-height NEOTRAGIN A 163 measuring from 14 to 15 inches. General colour ranging from rich rufous to grizzled fawn; upper side of tail and at least hind surface of pasterns blackish or black. Basal length of skull 43 inches (111 mm.), maximum width 24 Fie. 16.—Livinestone’s Suni (Neotragus [Nesotragus] livingstonianus).* A, Male, changing coat, and female. 3B, Female. (64 mm.), distance from orbit to muzzle 2% inches (60 mm.). Good horns measure from 44 to 5 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 1? to 23 inches. The range extends from Mozambique to Zululand. The two races are distinguished as follows :— A. General colour deep rufous; pasterns black BOUIN 245 sats oh saccaschgatnclesirens sacievsaaxdiacaey N. 1. livingstonianus. B. General colour grizzled fawn; pasterns blackish on hind surface only ...........6006 N. 1. zuluensis. A.—Neotragus livingstonianus livingstonianus. Nesotragus livingstonianus typicus, Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 256, 1899. Typical locality Shupanga, Zambesia. General colour rich rufous, verging on chestnut; pasterns deep black all round; flanks and limbs more fawn-coloured * The author has unfortunately mislaid the letter accompanying these photographs, so that he is unable to give the name of the correspondent by whom they were sent. M 2 164 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES than in moschatus ; tail darker than back above, approaching black, white below. The range extends from Zambesia and Mozambique to British Central Africa. 64, 12.19. 5. Skull, imperfect, with horns, and head- skin. Shupanga, Zambesia. Type. Presented by Sir John Kirk, G.CM.G., K.C.B., 1864. 98. 5. 22. 3. Skull and skin, female. Rewanza, South Nyasaland. Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1898. 5, 2.2.15. Skull, with horns, and skin. Deep Bay, Nyasaland. Same donor, 1905. 5, 2.2.16. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history. 12.5. 16.1. Skin. Near Blantyre, British Central Africa. Presented by Dr. A. H. Barclay, 1912. B.—Neotragus livingstonianus zuluensis. Nesotragus livingstonianus zuluensis, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. ii, p. 817, 1898; Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 259, 1899. Neotragus livingstonianus zuluensis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 186, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 182, 1910. Nesotragus zuluensis, Thomas and Wroughton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 299. Typical locality Umkuja (Umkozi) Valley, Zululand. General colour grizzled fawn, pasterns indistinctly blackish on their hind surfaces only ; horns of males somewhat stouter than in typical race. The range extends from Zululand to Tetté, Zambesia. 93. 2.1.1, Skull, with horns, and skin. Umkuja (Umkozi) Valley, Zululand. Type. Presented by A. H. Neumann, Hsg., 1893. 93. 2.1.2. Skull, with horns. Same locality. Same history. 98. 7. 25.1. Skull and skin, female. Zululand. Same donor, 1898. 6. 11. 8. 145-146. Two skulls, with horns (fig. 17), and skins, immature. Coguno, Inhambane; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant. Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1906. NEOTRAGINA 165 6. 11. 8. 147-149. Three skulls and skins, female, one immature. Same locality and collector. Same history. 8. 4.3.92. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. Tetta, Zambesia. Same collector. Same donor, 1908. 94. 5, 2, 1-2. Horns and imperfect skin. Gungunyana’s Country, Portuguese East Africa. Presented by H. T. Glynn, Esq., 1894. Fic. 17.—Front anp Sipe Views or SKULL anp Horns or ZuLu RACE OF LivinestTonE’s Sunt (Neotragus [Nesotragus] livingstonianus zuluensis). 3.1. 21.1. Skull, with horns. Gazaland, Portuguese East Africa. Presented by Capt. A. N. Campbell, 1903. 2.2.8.3, Skin, mounted, and skull. Pongola Valley, Zululand. Presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir David Bruce, K.C.B., 1902. 6. 12. 12. 4. Skin, mounted, and skull. Zululand. Presented by Allan Cameron, Esq., 1906. 166 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 2. Susaenus HYLARNUS. Hylarnus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xviii, p. 149, 1906. Premaxillo-maxillary vacuity present; muzzle relatively short, so that front border of orbit is situated above the last upper premolar; hind border of palate about on line of hind outer angle of third upper molar; nasals broad above; horns short, stout, smooth, except at the base, inclining backwards nearly in the frontal plane. The distribution is restricted to the equatorial forest region. In describing the type species (as Neotragus) de Winton remarked that it “somewhat bridges over the differences between this genus and the East African Nesotragus, and practically reduces the distinguishing characters to those of the horns alone.” Thomas, again, in describing the second species and establishing the genus Hylarnus, also remarks that these antelopes are in many respects intermediate between sunis and the royal antelope. In the opinion of the present writer, this affords reason for including the whole group in a single genus. The two species of the present group may be distinguished as follows :— A. Dark and light areas moderately distinct................ N. bates. B. Dark and light areas more sharply defined ; the former deeper and the latter brighter.............cec eee eeeeee N. harrisoni. Ill. NEOTRAGUS (HYLARNUS) BATESI. Neotragus batesi, de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 192, pl. xix; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 184, 1908. Hylarnus batesi, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xviii, p. 149, 1906; Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 77. Typical locality Cameruns. Type of Aylarnus. Size nearly half as large again as in the royal antelope (infra, p. 169). General colour a deeper rufous, with a tendency to dusky, the feet less rufous, and the white of the under-parts less pure ; front of face, crown of head, and neck dark smoky brown; back and upper side of tail more rufous NEOTRAGIN A 167 or bay; all the hairs of the dark areas ringed with dark brown and bright bay. Basal length of skull 33 inches (95 mm.), maximum width 2 inches (51 mm.), distance from orbit to muzzle 12 (34°5 mm.), length of upper row of cheek- Fic. 18.—FRont anpD SIDE ViEWs oF SKULL AND Horns oF Batss’ Dwarr ANTELOPE (Neotragus [Hylarnus] batesi). teeth 14 inches (32mm.). Length of tail 23 inches (65 mm.), of hind-foot, without hoof, 62 (160 mm.), of ear 2 inches (50 mm.). 3. 7. 16. 1. Skull, with horns (fig. 18), and skin. Efulen, Cameruns ; collected by G. L. Bates, Esq. Type. Purchased, 1903. 3.7.16. 2. Skull, female. Same locality and collector. Same history. 8. 6. 23. 14. Skin, mounted. Cameruns. Purchased, 1908. IV. NEOTRAGUS (HYLARNUS) HARRISONI. Hylarnus harrisoni, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xviii, p. 149, 1906. Neotragus harrisoni, Lydekker, Field, vol. eviii, p. 510, 1906, Game Animals of Africa, p. 181, 1908. 168 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Typical locality Semliki Forest. Contrast of colour more distinct than in batesi (of which this form may be merely a local race); the dark tints being deeper and the light shades brighter. General colour approximately cinnamon; median dorsal area dusky, owing to black tips of hairs; forehead and crown dark brown, with a narrow lighter line above each eye; hair of ears black on outer, white on inner surface; chin, lower side of jaw, and under-parts white; throat-band brownish cinnamon; front of legs dark brown, with a whitish patch on shanks and basal phalanges, followed by brown on the second phalanges ; tail, so far as known, coloured like body. Nasals broader above than in batesi, expanding into a well-marked angle on each side; premaxillo-maxillary vacuity (in the type skull) larger; and horns inclined upwards at a slightly greater angle. Basal length of skull 3% inches (96°5 mm.); maxi- mum width 2,4 (52 mm.); distance from orbit to muzzle 2 (51 mm.); length of upper series of cheek-teeth 14 (32 mm.) ; nasals 1} X 4% inches (87 x 23 mm.). 5. 10. 21. 3. Skull, with horns. Semliki Forest, eastern Congo. Type. Mounted skin of same individual in possession of donor. Presented by Lieut.-Col. J. J. Harrison, 1905. 7. 4, 23. 3. Immature skull, with horns, and skin. Gumbali, Bomakandi Valley, Upper Wellé. Presented by B. L. Reid, Esq., 1907. 3. Suscenus NEOTRAGUS. For synonymy, see above, p. 158. No premaxillo-maxillary vacuity in skull; orbital margin as in Hylarnus; hind border of palate opposite front edge of third upper molar; horns very short, smooth, and inclining backwards in the plane of the forehead. The distributional area is restricted to the hinterland of the West Coast, from Liberia to Lagos. NEOTRAGIN A 169 V. NEOTRAGUS PYGMAUS. Cervus pusillus guineensis, Seba, Thesaurus, vol. i, p. 10, pl. xliii, fig. 8, 1734. Capra pygmea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 69, 1758. Moschus pygmeus, Linn, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i, p. 92, 1766. Antilope pygmiea, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fase. xii, p. 18,1777; Zimimner- mann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 540, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 112, 1780; Hermann, Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 107, 1783 ; Gmelin, Linn.’s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 191, 1788; Kerr, Linn.’s Anim. Kingdom, p. 818, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 642, 1800 ; Link, Beytrage Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795; Bechstein, Vebersicht vier fiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 826, 1801; Desmarest, Nowv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. x, p. 251, 1803, vol. xxiv, tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 465, 1822; Cuvier, Dict. Sct. Nat. vol. ii, p. 241, 1804 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosta, vol. iii, p. 414, 1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1237, 1818; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 445, 1822; Lesson, Mon. Mamm. p. 879, 1827; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 270, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 469, 1828; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1360, 1838. ° Antilope regia, Eraleben, Syst. Régne Anim. p. 278, 1777; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 80, 1780; Boddaert, Hlenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785. Tragulus pygmeus, Boddaert, Hlenchus Anum. p. 131, 1785. Antilope (Gazella) pygmexa, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 178, 1814. Cerophorus (Cervicapra) pygmea, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Cemus pygmzxa, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, Zool. vol. ii, p. 744, 1816. Antilope (Neotragus) pygmea, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 849, 1827. Antilope spinigera, Temminck, Mon. Mamm. vol. i, p. xxx, 1827 (no description); Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 879, 1827; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 469, 1829; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 268, 1840; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 457, 1844, vol. v, p. 416, 1855; Schinz, Spnop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 421, 1845; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 320, 1855. Neotragus pygmexa, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 218, 1834. Antilope (Spinigera) spiniger, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 178, 1842. Cephalophorus (?) pygmeus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 163, 1843, Nanotragus spiniger, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 191, 1846; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 164, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 187, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 164, 1892. 170 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES Neotragus pygmeus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p- 231, 1846; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 640, pl. liii; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 839, 1891; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 216, 1898, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 260, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 188, 1908; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 61, pl. xxix, 1895; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 867. Nanotragus regius, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 12, 1850. Nanotragus perpusillus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 126, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 143, 1851, Cat. Ruminants ae Mus. p. 30, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 98, 73. Calotragus spiniger, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guinée, pp. 192 and 201, 1853. Antilope perpusilla, Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 67, 1887. Cephalophus spiniger, Biittikifer, Reisebilder Liberia, vol. ii, p. 879, 1890. Royat ANTELOPE. Typical locality Guinea. Type of genus and subgenus. Size very small; shoulder-height about 10 inches. General colour bright rufous fawn, or bay, browner on head and fore part of back, deeper on hind-quarters, flanks, and sides of neck; the rufous forming a narrow band on lower part of throat which divides the white of the chin and lower surface of jaw and throat from that of the remainder of the under-parts; legs rufous, with the exception of a narrow white line down hind surface of front pair and front surface of hind pair; tail, which measures 2} inches (60 mm.) in length, exclusive of the terminal tuft, bright rufous above, except at the tip, where, as on the under side, it is white. Basal length of skull 3} inches (89 mm.), maximum width 1% (47 mm.), distance from orbit to muzzle 1} inches (44 mm.). Horns very small, less than one inch in length, sharply pointed, and quite devoid of rings. 67. 4. 12. 432. Immature specimen in spirit. Guinea. Original of Seba’s Cervus pusillus guineensis. Lidth de Jeude Collection, purchased, 1867. 73. 6. 22. 11. Skin, immature, mounted, and skull. Fanti. Presented by H. F. Blissett, Esq., 1873. 78.7. 16.7. Skull, with horns, and skin. Fanti. Purchased, 1878. NEOTRAGIN & 171 97. 1.5.18. Skin. Fanti. From the collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart. Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897. 88. 5.17. 4. Immature female, in spirit. Lagos. Presented by G. EH. Dobson, Esq., 1888. 5. 3. 23.2. Immature skin, female. Owerri, Southern Nigeria. Presented by H. Dayrell, Esg., 1905. 8. 6. 26.9. Skull, with one horn (fig. 19). Sierra Leone. Presented by Capt. L. Murray, 1908. Fic. 19.—FrRont AND SIDE VIEWS OF SKULL WITH ONE HoRN, AND WITHOUT LOWER JAW, OF THE Royat ANTELOPE (Neotragus pygmexus). 8. 8.6.11. Immature skin, female. Bibianaha, Gold Coast. Presented by A. M. Mackilligan, Esq., 1908. 10. 12. 23.4. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. Same locality. Presented by Dr. H. G. F. Spurreil, 1910. 12. 2.27.10. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. Same locality. Same donor, 1912. 12. 2. 27. 11-12. Two skulls, and skins, immature and young females. Same locality. Same history. 172 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES SupramMity ix MADOQUIN~. Very small antelopes, with short, spike-like horns in the males, distinguished from the Neotragine by the small size of the muffle, the muzzle being hairy above, almost or quite to the front angles of the nostrils. Face-glands present or absent ; foot-glands apparently always present, but inguinal glands wanting; foot-glands more or less tubular, with the skin of the back of the pasterns closely folded at the heels ; * apparently one pair of teats, in female; tail short, nasals more or less shortened, and premaxille elongated. The distributional area comprises Ethiopian Africa, exclusive of the south-eastern and southern districts. The two genera of the subfamily are distinguished as tollows :— A. Hoofs more or less elongated, with the lower surface normal, and the heel-tiet formed by a simple fold of skin ; face-glands present...........0...cccceeeeeeee eee Madoqua. B. Hoofs short, with pad-like lower surface; heel-tie forming a double fold, of which the front one projects as a kind of ridge, so as to make a kind of lip to the orifice of the foot-gland; face-glands WVOUIGUING sscin sctsseasetre lean ale won gide saranreceenaney seau means MEER Dorcotragus. I. Genus MADOQUA. Madoqua, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 187; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 67, 1895 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 876. : Neotragus, Suwndevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 191, 1846, nec H. Smith. Size very small, females distinctly larger than males ; muzzle more or less elongated, so as to form a kind of flexible proboscis, of which the tip is hairy, with the exception of the lower part of the nasal septum ; crown of head tufted; ears moderate; small face-glands, of which the small orifice (at least in MZ. phillipst) forms a vertical crescentic slit, with its concavity looking backwards, situated in the centre of an oval patch of bare skin just in front of * This term, here and elsewhere, is employed in the sense assigned to it by Pocock (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 844), namely, the hind part of the supporting area of the hoofs. { The integument connecting the heels. MADOQUINA 173 the eye; tail short, almost rudimentary ; hoofs more or less elongated, with the supporting under surface normal; minute lateral hoofs present; heel-tie in the form of a simple fold of skin; horns of males from half to three-quarters the length of the skull, straight or slightly sinuous, with strong ribs at base. Skull with very long premaxille, very short nasals, large nasal aperture, considerable preorbital vacuities, and large, shallow lachrymal pits. Distribution the same as that of the subfamily. The genus may be divided into the two following sub- genera (frequently regarded as genera), viz. :— A. Last lower molar without hind lobe; upper line of premaxille slanting, scarcely curved; pro- boscis moderately developed ...........6..:ceseee eee Madoqua. B. Last lower molar with a hind (third) lobe; upper line of premaxille S-shaped; proboscis more strongly developed......cccecceseeesee eee eee season eee Rhynchotragus. 1. Suseenus MADOQUA. Synonymy as above. Hind (third) lobe of last lower premolar wanting ; upper line of premaxille slanting, scarcely curved; proboscis moderately developed. Frequently the grey colouring of the upper part of the neck dividing the colour of the back from that of the head. The distributional area is restricted to Somaliland and Abyssinia. The species may be briefly distinguished as follows :— A. Back and neck yellowish (fulvous) or rufous fawn ; flanks scarcely more rufous. Gg BILE. ALGER, sass eiceosonnineun ines se dedanmcaians canmesnetete M. saltiana. b. Size smaller. a, Grizzling indistinct ...........cceeceee eee ee eens M. swaynet. b'. Grizzling distinct and finer .............:00664 M. piacentiniz. g. Back and neck, or at least neck, grizzled grey ; flanks rufous, to a greater or less extent. Size intermediate between saltiana and swaynet, @, Flanks rufous .......:ccccceessenseerseeeeerseneecene ees M., phillips. b. Flanks rufous grey ..........0ccceeeeeee eee eee nee ner ees M., erlangeri. c. Dark grey grizzling extending on to shoulders, flanks, and hind-quarters. Size a little less than in saltiand........... M. cordeauxt, 174 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES I. MADOQUA SALTIANA. Cerophorus (Cervicapra) saltiana, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, pp. 75 and 79, Oken’s Isis, 1819, p. 1096. Antilope saltiana, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 192, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 465, 1822; Schinz, Cuvier’s Thier- reich, vol. i, p. 895, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 418, 1845; Desmoulins, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber’s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1244, 1824; Cretzschmar, Atlas Riippell’s Reise, pl. xxi, 1826; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 380, 1827; Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Stéugeth. pl. xxi, 1828; Hemp- rich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys. pl. vii, 1828; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 470, 1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 87, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Oken, Allgemeine Natur- geschichte, vol. vii, p. 1861, 1838; Laurillard, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 622, 1841; Gervais, Dict. Sci. Nat. Suppl. vol. i, p. 268, 1840; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 68, 1887. Antilope madoka, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 271, 1827. Antilope (Neotragus) madoka, H. Smith, Grifiith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 350, 1827; A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 218, 1834; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 295, 1836. Antilope hemprichiana, Ehrenberg, Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys. text to pl. vii, 1833; Oken, Allgemeine Natur- geschichte, vol. vii, p. 1862, 1836; Wagner, Schreber’s Sdug- thiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 455, 1844, vol. v, p. 415, 1855; Gebel, Stiugethiere, p. 819, 1853-55. Antilope hemprichii, Riippell, Newe Wirbelth, Abyssin., Mamm. p. 25, 1835. Neotragus saltianus, Jardine, Naturalists’ Libr., Manum. vol. iii, pt. 1, p. 229, pl. xxxiii, 1835 ; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 188, 1851, Cat. Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 8, 1850. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 120, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 76, 1852, Cat. Rumz- nants Brit, Mus. p. 40, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 110, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 236, 1862; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 268, 1870; Flower and Garson, Cat, Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 268, 1884; Giglio, Ann. Mus. Genoa, ser. 2, vol. vi, p. 19, 1888; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammais, p. 238, 1891; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 214, 1893. Antilope (Neotragus) saltiana, Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 295, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Régne Anim., Mamm. p. 178, 1842. Madoqua hemprichii, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 187. Madoqua saltiana, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 187; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 164, 1848; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 828; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. ii, p. 69, pl. xxx, 1895; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 265, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 188, 1908; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton’s Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 464, 1902; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 171, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 876. Neotragus hemprichianus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 191, 1846; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. MADOQUIN 175 vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 9, 1863, Reise Nord-Ostafrika, vol. ii, p.107, 1877; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 168, 1869. Antilope madoqua, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 40, 1838. Tragelaphus hemprichii, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg, pt. 1, p. 87, 1842. Calotragus saltianus, Temminck, Hsquiss. Zool. Guiné, p. 192, 1853. Cephalophus (Ourebia) saltiana, Gervais, Hist. Nat. Manon. vol. ii, p. 209, 1855. Nesotragus saltianus, Riitimeyer, Abh. schwetz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 53, 1877. Neotragus hemprichii, Brehm, Thierleben, Stiugethiere, vol. iii, p. 255, 1880, Dix-pik, or Beni IsraEn. Typical locality Coast Range of eastern Abyssinia. The type species. Size relatively large; shoulder-height 14 or 15 inches. Face rich rufous, and crest very similarly coloured; neck coarsely lined ashy grey, back fulvous or rufous fawn, which becomes but slightly more rufous on flanks; chin and under- parts (exclusive of chest) whitish, more or less tinged with fawn ; legs pale rufous; tail (as usual) coloured like back. Nasals moderately short; preorbital vacuities large; pre- maxille of moderate length, with the upper profile only slightly curved. Basal length of skull 32 inches (95 mm.), maximum width 23 (57 mm.), length from muzzle to orbit 24 (54 mm.), do. from tip of nasals to tip of premaxille 13 inches (32 mm.). 55, 12. 24. 285. Skull, with horns, and skin. Abyssinia ; collected by Dr. Rippell. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1855. 69, 10. 24. 3-4. Two skins, male and female. Anseba Valley, Abyssinia; collected by Dr. W. T. Blanford during the Abyssinian Expedition of 1868. Presented by the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869. 97.1.5.19. Skin, female. Bogosland, Abyssinia. From the collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart. Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 189'7. 621,¢. Skull, female. Abyssinia (?). Purchased. 69. 2.2.10. Skeleton, female. Abyssinia; collected by W. Jesse, Esq., during the Abyssinian Expedition. Presented by the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869. 176 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 11. 8. 2. 59. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kassala, Sudan. Presented by Dr. R. EH. Drake-Brockman, 1911. 11. 8.2.60. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history. 3. 2.18.1. Skull, with horns. Gash Valley, Kassala. Presented by Capt. J. H. Rivers, 1903. Nore.—It is possible that Antilope hemprichiana, Ehrenberg, from the Gedam Mountains, Abyssinia, may indicate a distinct race of this species—M. saltiana hemprichiana; but no light on this matter is thrown by the specimens in the collection. Il. MADOQUA SWAYNEI. Madoqua swaynei, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 828; Hoyos, Zu den Aulikan, p. 185, 1895; Swayne, Seventeen Trips through Somaliland, p. 318, 1895; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante- lopes, vol. ii, p. 73, 1895; Hlliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. i. p. 118, 1899; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 262, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 190, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 172, 1910; Drake-Brockman, Mamm. of Somalt. p. 70, 1910, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 980, pl. lvi, fig. 2. Typical locality Berbera, northern Somaliland. Closely allied to IZ, saltrana, but smaller ; shoulder-height probably about 13 inches. General colour of back indistinctly grizzled grey, with a suffusion of dull buff or clay-colour ; sides little, if at all, more rufous than back; legs pale rufous. Basal length of skull 3 inches (76 mm.); maximum width 143 (46 mm.); length from muzzle to orbit 1,9; (40 mm.); do, from tip of nasals to tip of premaxille 17); inches (26 mm.). The range of this species according to Drake-Brockman is probably limited to the area between latitudes 5° and 8° or 9° N., in parts of which it is found in association with M. phillipsi. 94, 2. 21,15. Skin. Berbera; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Type. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1894. 94. 2.21.14. Skin. Same locality and collector. Same history. 94, 2. 21. 20. Skull, with horns. Same locality and collector. Same history. 94, 4. 9. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Milmil, Somaliland. Presented by Dr. Donaldson Smith, 1894. MADOQUIN-E 177 94.4.9. 4. Skin. Forty miles south of Berbera. Same history. 9.6.1. 43-46. Four skins. Webi Valley, Somaliland. Presented by Dr, BR. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1909. 9.6.1.47. Skin. Hara Oda, Somaliland. Same history. II. MADOQUA PIACENTINIL. Madoqua piacentinii, Drake-Brockman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 981, pl. lvi, fig. 1. Typical locality Ghagaburis, near Obbia, Italian Somali- land. Similar in size to IZ. swaynei, but with the grey grizzling of the back fine and distinct, without a buff suffusion. “The neck is fairly grizzled all round, the pale throat and buft chin-patches being completely cut off from the pinkish buff of the chest. Apart from the fine grey grizzling, the most distinctive patches are about the head. There is a bright rufous diamond-shaped nose-patch, which stands out con- spicuously on the grizzled head, while the terminal part of the long hairs of the crest is of dull creamy buff. The hairs of the crest, however, vary so much [in colour] in dik-diks, that little importance can be attached to this feature” (Drake-Brockman). 11. 8. 2. 51. Skull, with horns, and skin. Ghagaburis, Italian Somaliland. Type. Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1911. 11. 8. 2.55. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality. Same history. IV. MADOQUA PHILLIPSI. Madoqua phillipsi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1894, p. 827; Hoyos, Zu den Aulikan, p. 185, 1895 ; Swayne, Seventeen Trips through Somaliland, p. 818, 1895; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante- lopes, vol. ii, p. 175, pl. xxxi, fig. 2,1895; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. i, p. 115, 1897; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 262, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 189; Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1909, p. 188; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 172, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 876; Drake-Brockman, Mamm. of Somali. p. 68, 1910, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 978, pl. ly, fig. 8. Typical locality Dobwein, northern Somaliland. A variable species, somewhat larger in size than average I. N 178 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES examples of M. swaynei. Typically head, neck, and back grizzled grey (the neck being always of this colour); rufous of crown and back of ears deeper and richer than in M. saltiana ; shoulders and flanks (or at least a band on the flanks) rich bright rufous, markedly different from the faint rufous of those of saltiana ; rufous encroaching considerably on chest, but chin and rest of under-parts whitish (as usual) ; legs rich rufous. Basal length of skull 3} inches (82 mm.); maximum width 2,5 (52 mm.); length from muzzle to orbit 142 (46 mm.); do. from tip of nasals to tip of premaxille 1.8; inches (29 mm.). The following three races of this species are recognised, viz. :— A. Hair of medium length; flanks bright rufous or cinnamon; back grizzled grey............... M. p. phillopsi. B. Hair longer, and coat rougher; back darker, looking dark reddish brown; and neck alone erizzled Qreycaccnsssits moms va vateaceseamaieses M. p. harrarensis. c. Hair shorter and scantier, and coat sleeker ; general colour grizzled grey, with only a narrow rufous flank-band 00.0.0... cca M. p. gubanensis, A.—Madoqua phillipsi phillipsi. Madoqua phillipsi, Drake-Brockman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 978, pl. ly, fig. 8 Typical locality Dobwein, northern Somaliland. Hair of medium length; flanks bright rufous or cinnamon; back grizzled grey. Drake-Brockman writes that in the western part of the Haud the flanks in this dik-dik “are so red that at a short distance it looks rufous all over; this is in marked contrast to the coast variety [IZ p. gubanensis], which looks quite grey.” 88. 6. 20. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin, in spirit. Dobwein, forty miles southward of Berbera, Somaliland. Type. Presented by E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1888. 88. 6. 20. 8. Skin, in spirit. Same locality. Same history. 93. 12. 1. 8-9. Two skulls, with horns. Same locality ; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1893. 94. 2. 21. 19. Skull, with horns. Same locality and collector. Same history. MADOQUINA 179 98. 6.9.17. Skull and skin, female. Somaliland. Presented by R. McD. Hawker, Esq., 1898. 11. 8. 2.58. Skull, with horns, and skin. Oyo, Somali- land. Presented by Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman, 1911. 86. 11. 19. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature. Somaliland. Presented by E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1886. 99, 12. 28. 3-4. Two female skulls and skins, one immature. Somaliland. Presented by C. V. A. Peel, Esq., 1899. 0. 3. 27. 24-25. Skull, with horns, and two skins. Sayer Valley, near Gessima, Somaliland. Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900. 94. 2.21. 12-13. Two skins. Berbera. Presented by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne, 1894. 95.10.17. 1. Skeleton, with horns, mounted, and head- skin. Berbera. Presented by Capt. T. Cox, 1895. 95. 10.17. 2-3. Two skeletons, with horns, and head- skins. Same locality. Same history. 5. 11. 5. 8-9. Two skulls, with horns, and _ skins. Khansa Jungle, Somaliland. Presented by Dr. R. EL. Drake-Brockman, 1905 10. 10. 3. 35-36. Two skulls, with horns, and skins. Golis Foot-hills, Somaliland. Purchased, 1910. 10. 10. 3. 37. Skull and skin, female. Same locality. Same history. 85. 11. 16. 3. Skull, with horns, and (?) skin. Gerbatir, northern Somaliland; collected by Herr J. Menges. Purchased, 1885. B.—Madoqua phillipsi harrarensis. Madoqua harrarensis, O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 87; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 190, 1908. Madoqua phillipsi harrarensis, Drake-Brockman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 979, pl. lv, fig. 2. Typical locality Harrar, Abyssinia. Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann. Hair longer and coat rougher than in typical race; back darker, so as to appear deep reddish brown in life, the neck alone being grizzled grey. In the original description this race (species) is stated to resemble M. p. phillips: in the uniformly rufous flanks, but to differ by the absence of the N 2 180 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES ashy grey and dark brown grizzling of the hairs of the back, the tips of which are alone ringed with isabelline rufous and dark brown, so that the whole tone of the back is rufous fawn. Drake-Brockman, in comparing this race with the typical phillipsi, observes that it is darker, ‘and in its wild state looks of a dark red-brown colour.” 4.5.9. 31. Skull and skin, female. Harrar. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1904. Fic. 20.—Froynt anp Sipr Views oF SkuLL anp Horns or HaRraR Race or Puruures’ Dix-Dix (Madoqua phillipsi harrarensis). 4.5.9. 52. Skin. Thirty-five miles east of Harrar. Sane history. 6. 11. 1. 69... Skull, with horns, and skin. Harrar; collected by Mr. P. Japhira. Presented by IV. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906. 11. 8. 2. 48. Skin, imperfect. Between Harrar and Jig-jigga. Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1911. 11. 8. 2.52. Skin, imperfect. Daggar, near Jig-jigga. Same history. 0. 3.3.25. Skull, female. Abyssinia. Presented by the Lord Lovat, 1900. MADOQUINA 181 96. 10. 8. 1-2.. Two skulls, with horns, and skins. South of the Haud, Somaliland. Presented by Capt. G. L. F. Leathes, 1896. 96.10. 8.3. Skull and skin, immature female. Same locality. Same history. 94. 4. 9. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns (fig. 20), and skins. Milimil, Somaliland. Presented by Dr. Donaldson Sirith, 1904. C.—Madoqua phillipsi gubanensis, Madoqua phillipsi gubanensis, Drake-Brockman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iv, p. 49, 1909, Mamm. Somali. p. 68, 1910, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 479, pl. lv, fig. 1. Typical locality Hul Gabobai, Golis Foothills, thirty-five miles south of Berbera, Somaliland. Hair shorter and scantier, and coat sleeker than in typical race; general colour grizzled grey, with only a narrow rufous flank-band. 9. 6.1.52. Skin. Hul Gabobai. Type. Presented by Dr. R. EB. Drake-Brockman, 1909. 94.2. 21.31. Skin. Berbera. Presented by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne, 1894. 98. 6. 9. 16. Skull, with horns, and skin. Aractais, Somaliland. Presented by R. McD. Hawher, Esq., 1898. 10. 10. 3. 38-40. Three skulls, with horns, and skins, two immature. Somaliland. Presented by Dr. R. LE. Drake-Brockman, 1910. 10. 10, 3. 41-43. Three skulls and skins, female, one immature. Somaliland. Same hastory. 11. 8. 2. 49. Skull, with horns, and skin. — Bulhar, Somaliland. Same donor, 1911. 11. 8. 2. 50. Skull, with horns, and skin. LEil Gori, twenty miles north of Zeila, Somaliland. Same history. The following specimens may indicate another race of the present specics :— 11. 8. 9. 21-30. Ten skulls, with horns, and skins. Ed Hur, near Obbia, Italian Somaliland. Presented by Dr. R. BE. Drake-Brockman, 1911. 182 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 11. 8. 9. 31-32. Two skulls, with horns, and skins, immature. Same locality. Same history. 11. 8. 9. 33-41. Vight skulls and skins, female, some immature. Same locality. Saine hastory. V. MADOQUA ERLANGERT. Madoqua erlangeri, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 88; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. iv, No. 8, p. 2, 1907; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 190, 1908. Rhynchotragus erlangeri, Drake-Brockman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 983, errorim. Typical locality Ennia Gallaland, at Sheik Hussein, on the left bank of the Webi River. Type in collection of Dr. O. Neumann. A small form, apparently inferior in size to M. swaynei, described as similar in dorsal colouring to M. phillipsi harrarensis, but with the flanks rufous grey in place of rufous, owing to the hairs being red only at the tips or ringed with bright rufous and dark; colour of back passing gradually into that of flanks; legs dark rufous; head rufous, without grizzling. In general appearance this dik-dik is compared to a highly rufous AZ. sweynei. No specimen in collection. VI. MADOQUA CORDEAUXTI. Madoqua cordeauxi, Drake-Brockman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iv, p. 49, 1909. Rhynchotragus cordeauxi, Drake-Brockman, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 983, errorim. Typical locality near Dirri Dawa, in the Dinikil district of Abyssinia. Somewhat smaler than JZ. saltiana, but larger than the other Somali members of typical subgenus; shoulder-height about 13 inches. Darkish grey grizzling extending on to shoulders, flanks, and hind-quarters; back suffused with reddish fawn; chest somewhat reddish buff, this colour extending but little on throat, in this respect differing markedly from M. phillipsi; legs similar to those of that MADOQUINA: 183 species, but darker towards shoulders and haunches; crest dull rufous, grizzled with yellow, rufous, and black in front. Basal length of skull 34% inches (90 mm.), maximum width 21 inches (53 mm.). 9. 6.1. 50. Skull, with horns, and skin. Dirri Dawa, Abyssinia. Type. Presented by Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman, 1909. 9. 6.1.49. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality. Same history. 9,6. 1.51. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality. Same history. 2. Suscenus RHYNCHOTRAGUS. Rhynchotragus, O. Newmann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905, p. 88. Last lower molar with a hind (third) lobe, which may, however, be very small; upper line of premaxille S-shaped ; nasals shorter than in typical subgenus; proboscis strongly developed. Typically the colouring of the back not separated from that of the head by a third colour. The distributional area is co-extensive with that of the subfamily. The following is a tentative key to the species of the group :— A. Nasals medium, their tips on a level with front edge of anterior premolars, and distant about 1,5, inches from tips of premaxille. a. Size large. a’, Nasals moderately broad ................4. M. damarensis. b’. Nasals broader.......... cc cceceeseeeeeeneeeaee M. cavendishi. b. Size smaller. a’. Back yellowish grey or bright grizzled FULVOUS i.